hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Biesheuvel
Biesheuvel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Barend Biesheuvel (1920–2001), Dutch politician

Maarten Biesheuvel (1939–2020), Dutch writer

Simon Biesheuvel (1908–1991), Dutch-born South African psychologist

Maarten Biesheuvel
Maarten Biesheuvel (23 May 1939 in Schiedam – 30 July 2020 in Leiden) was a Dutch writer of short stories and novellas. He made his literary debut in 1972 with the short story collection In de bovenkooi. He received the Ferdinand Bordewijk Prize in 1984 for Reis door mijn kamer. In 2007 he received the P. C. Hooft Award.

The Dutch J.M.A. Biesheuvelprijs was named after him and is awarded to the author of the best collection of short stories that has appeared in the Dutch language during the previous year.

From 1990 Biesheuvel's literary production slowed significantly due to a writer's block and manic-depressive phases.

He died in July 2020.
Sheedy
Sheedy is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ally Sheedy (born 1962), American screen and stage actress

Callum Sheedy (born 1995), Wales rugby union player

Charles E. Sheedy (1912–1990), Catholic priest and professor

Charles Sheedy (born 1958), member of the West Virginia House of Delegates

Dan Sheedy (born 2001), Internet personality

Jack Sheedy (Gaelic footballer) (21st century), Dublin football player

Jack Sheedy (Australian rules footballer) (1926–2023), East Fremantle Football Club player

Kevin Sheedy (Australian footballer) (born 1947), former coach of AFL club Essendon

Kevin Sheedy (Irish footballer) (born 1959), Republic of Ireland footballer

Liam Sheedy (born 1969), Irish hurling manager and former player

Sam Sheedy (born 1988), English professional boxer

Kevin Sheedy (Australian footballer)
Kevin John Sheedy AO (born 24 December 1947) is a former Australian rules football coach and player in the Australian Football League. He played and coached in a combined total of 929 games over 47 years from 1967 until 2013, which is a VFL/AFL record. Sheedy was inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame in 2008 and on 29 May 2018 was elevated to Legend status.

On the field, Sheedy played for Richmond in the Victorian Football League during the 1960s and 1970s, captaining the side in 1978 and winning three premierships. He then coached Essendon in the VFL/AFL for nearly three decades from 1981 until 2007, winning four premierships and earning acclaim for his unusual and creative approaches to promoting the club and the game. Sheedy conceived the first Anzac Day game in 1995 involving Collingwood and the club he coached at the time, Essendon. In 2009, Sheedy joined the newly formed Greater Western Sydney as its inaugural AFL coach, and he coached there from 2012 until 2013.
Ruth-Ann Thorn
Ruth-Ann Thorn is a Luiseña gallerist, art collector, art curator and documentary film maker from Vista California USA. She is known for promoting the Native Americans through Art, especially the Luiseños'.

Vista, California
Vista (/ˈvɪstə/; Spanish for "view") is a city in San Diego County, California, United States. It is a medium-sized city within the San Diego-Carlsbad metropolitan statistical area. As of the 2020 census, Vista had a population of 98,381. Current data estimates a 2023 population of 99,835.

Vista's sphere of influence also includes portions of unincorporated San Diego County to the north and east, with a county island in the central west. Located just 7 mi (11 km) inland from the Pacific Ocean, it has a Mediterranean climate.

Much of Vista's current territory was once part the Mexican land grants Rancho Buena Vista and Rancho Guajome. A post office was established on October 9, 1882, and Vista was incorporated as a city on January 28, 1963, later becoming a charter city on June 13, 2007.
Wenkbach
Wenkbach is a village in Hesse, Germany and part of the municipality of Weimar (Lahn). It is situated 10 km south of Marburg and 20 km north of Gießen. Wenkbach has about 680 inhabitants.

Among other buildings in the village worth seeing are the old church in Wenkbach. It is also worth a visit, as are the half-timbered houses to be found in the old centre of the village.

50°44′42″N 8°42′57″E﻿ / ﻿50.74500°N 8.71583°E﻿ / 50.74500; 8.71583

Giessen
Giessen, spelled Gießen in German (German pronunciation: [ˈɡiːsn̩] ⓘ), is a town in the German state (Bundesland) of Hesse, capital of both the district of Giessen and the administrative region of Giessen. The population is approximately 90,000, with roughly 37,000 university students.

The name comes from Giezzen, as it was first referred to in 1197, which refers to the position of the town between several rivers, lakes and streams. The largest river in Giessen is the Lahn, which divides the town in two parts (west and east), roughly 50 kilometres (31 miles) north of Frankfurt am Main. Giessen is also home to the University of Giessen.

In 1969, the town hosted the ninth Hessentag state festival.
2014 South Napa earthquake
The 2014 South Napa earthquake occurred in the northern San Francisco Bay Area on August 24 at 03:20:44 Pacific Daylight Time. At 6.0 on the moment magnitude scale and with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), the event was the largest in the San Francisco Bay Area since the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. The epicenter of the earthquake was located to the south of Napa and to the northwest of American Canyon on the West Napa Fault.

Total damage in the southern Napa Valley and Vallejo areas was in the range of $362 million to $1 billion, with one person killed and 200 injured. Other aspects of the event included an experimental earthquake warning system that alerted seismologists several seconds before the damaging shear waves arrived, temporary changes in springs and wells, and the potential for postseismic fault creep.

North Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)
The North Bay is a subregion of the San Francisco Bay Area in California. The largest city is Santa Rosa, which is the fifth-largest city in the Bay Area. It is the location of the Napa and Sonoma wine regions, and is the least populous and least urbanized part of the Bay Area. It consists of Marin, Napa, Solano and Sonoma counties.
Lviv Dormition Brotherhood
Lviv Dormition Brotherhood (Ukrainian: Львівське успенське братство) also known as Lviv Stauropegion  Brotherhood was an influential religious organization associated with the Dormition Church in Lviv and one of the oldest Orthodox Brotherhood organizations. It was first an association of Orthodox and then, from 1708, also Greek Catholic burghers in Lviv. Like other brotherhoods in Ukraine, it was also a military force tasked with defending the Orthodox church and the faith, particularly against Polish and Latin influences.

Lviv Oblast
Lviv Oblast (Ukrainian: Львівська область, romanized: Lvivska oblast, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯sʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also referred to as Lvivshchyna (Ukrainian: Львівщина, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯ʃtʃɪnɐ]), is an oblast in western Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Lviv. The current population is 2,478,133 (2022 estimate).
1977 Tour of Flanders
The 61st running of the Tour of Flanders cycling race in Belgium was held on 3 April 1977. Belgian Roger De Vlaeminck won in a two-man sprint before Freddy Maertens, although the latter was later disqualified for an illegal bike change. The race started in Sint-Niklaas and finished in Meerbeke.

Meerbeke
Meerbeke is a village in the Denderstreek in the province of East Flanders in Belgium. Administratively it is part of the municipality of Ninove. This rural community is located along the Dender River on the western border of what is known as "Pajottenland". With a total surface of 1056ha it is the second largest village in Ninove (behind Denderwindeke). With 5.888 inhabitants (in 2021) it's the most populated village in Ninove, next to the centre of Ninove itself.

It is perhaps most known as the arrival location for the Flemish cycling race the Tour of Flanders (1973-2011). Meerbeke used to be an independent municipality until 1977 when it was merged into Ninove.
High Stakes on the Vegas Strip: Poker Edition
High Stakes on the Vegas Strip: Poker Edition is a downloadable game on the PlayStation Store. It was released on September 13, 2007.

The game features voice chat options for online multiplayer games (with compatible headsets). The game now has webcam functionality, with support for PC-compatible USB cameras such as the EyeToy and PlayStation Eye.

Webcam
A webcam is a video camera which is designed to record or stream to a computer or computer network. They are primarily used in video telephony, live streaming and social media, and security. Webcams can be built-in computer hardware, like a laptop, or peripheral devices, and are commonly connected to a device using USB or wireless protocol.

Webcams have been used on the Internet as early as 1993, and the first widespread commercial one became available in 1994. Early webcam usage on the Internet was primarily limited to stationary shots streamed to web sites. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, instant messaging clients added support for webcams, increasing their popularity in video conferencing. Computer manufacturers later started integrating webcams into laptop hardware. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic caused a shortage of webcams due to the increased number of people working from home and children attending school remotely.
Linda Marrinon
Linda Marrinon (born 1959) is a Melbourne-based visual artist whose practice includes painting and sculpture. Marrinon's early work was as a painter but since 2006 she has worked primarily on figurative sculpture.

Marrinon's work has been exhibited in major Australian state and national public collections, and university, corporate and private collections. Her work is included in state collections in Australia including Art Gallery of New South Wales, Art Gallery of South Australia, Art Gallery of Western Australia, the National Gallery of Australia, National Gallery of Victoria, Queensland Art Gallery and the Gallery of Modern Art, Brisbane.

Art Gallery of New South Wales
The Art Gallery of New South Wales (AGNSW), founded as the New South Wales Academy of Art in 1872 and known as the National Art Gallery of New South Wales between 1883 and 1958, is located in The Domain, Sydney, Australia. It is the most important public gallery in Sydney and one of the largest in Australia.

The gallery's first public exhibition opened in 1874. Admission is free to the general exhibition space, which displays Australian art (including Indigenous Australian art), European and Asian art. A dedicated Asian Gallery was opened in 2003.
Public diplomacy of South Korea
The term public diplomacy was first coined and used by Edmund Gullion in 1965 and the concept developed gradually.: 528  More recently, the definition of public diplomacy differs according to different authors. Taehwan Kim in his article "Paradigm Shift in Diplomacy: A Conceptual Model for Korea's 'New Public Diplomacy'" defines it as "a diplomatic practice or field of academic research which includes non-conventional actors (such as NGOs or civil societies) to promote diplomacy of the people".: 529  As the importance of public diplomacy increases, South Korea is putting more efforts to engage in the new trend of diplomacy. Muzaffar S. Abduazimov in his article "Public Diplomacy: Reappraising the South Korean Case through an Evolutionary Approach" presents four evolutionary periods of South Korean public diplomacy: origins (late 1940s–late 1980s), diversification (early 1990s), polycentrism (early 2000s), and institutionalization (2011–present).

Cultural diplomacy
Cultural diplomacy is a type of soft power that includes the "exchange of ideas, information, art, language and other aspects of culture among nations and their peoples in order to foster mutual understanding".  The purpose of cultural diplomacy is for the people of a foreign nation to develop an understanding of the nation's ideals and institutions in an effort to build broad support for economic and political objectives.  In essence "cultural diplomacy reveals the soul of a nation", which in turn creates influence. Public diplomacy has played an important role in advancing national security objectives.
Josette Bushell-Mingo
Josette Bushell-Mingo OBE (born 16 February 1964) is a Sweden-based English theatre actress and director of African descent, who was born in London and has been living and working in Sweden for many years. In February 2021, the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama announced she had been appointed as the incoming Principal of the School. She is the first person of African descent, the first woman since 1942, and the third woman overall to hold this role. Previously, she served as artistic director for the National Touring Swedish Deaf Theatre ensemble TystTeater for 13 years before accepting a position as the Head of the theatre department at the Stockholm University of the Arts in 2019.

Royal Central School of Speech and Drama
The Royal Central School of Speech and Drama, commonly shortened to Central, is a drama school founded by Elsie Fogerty in 1906, as the Central School of Speech Training and Dramatic Art, to offer a new form of training in speech and drama for young actors and other students. It became a constituent college of the University of London in 2005 and is a member of Conservatoires UK and the Federation of Drama Schools.
Borchers algebra
In mathematics, a Borchers algebra, Borchers–Uhlmann algebra, or BU-algebra is the tensor algebra of a vector space, often a space of smooth test functions.  They were studied by H. J. Borchers (1962), who showed that the Wightman distributions of a quantum field could be interpreted as a state, called a Wightman functional, on a Borchers algebra. A Borchers algebra with a state can often be used to construct an O*-algebra.

The Borchers algebra of a quantum field theory has an ideal called the locality ideal, generated by elements of the form ab−ba for a and b having spacelike-separated support. The Wightman functional of a quantum field theory vanishes on the locality ideal, which is equivalent to the locality axiom for quantum field theory.

State (functional analysis)
In the mathematical field of functional analysis, a state of an operator system is a positive linear functional of norm 1. States in functional analysis generalize the notion of density matrices in quantum mechanics, which represent quantum states, both mixed states and pure states. Density matrices in turn generalize state vectors, which only represent pure states.  For M an operator system in a C*-algebra A with identity, the set of all states of M, sometimes denoted by S(M),  is convex, weak-* closed in the Banach dual space M*. Thus the set of all states of M with the weak-* topology forms a compact Hausdorff space, known as the state space of M .
In the C*-algebraic formulation of quantum mechanics, states in this previous sense correspond to physical states, i.e. mappings from physical observables (self-adjoint elements of the C*-algebra) to their expected measurement outcome (real number).
Louis Carrion
Louis Carrion (Ludovicus Carrio) (1547 – 23 June 1595) was a Flemish humanist and classical scholar. He is known for his precocious edition of the Argonautica of Gaius Valerius Flaccus, from 1565/6. This was printed from a manuscript now referred to as the Codex Carrionis, or C; which was later lost. Carrion's scholarship has regularly been challenged, ever since.

He is known too for commentary on Sallust (1574), and work on Tertullian, the astrologer Censorinus (1583), and Aulus Gellius (1585, with Henry Estienne). He also published letters of Ogier de Busbecq.

Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq
Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq (1522 in Comines – 29 October 1592 in Saint-Germain-sous-Cailly; Latin: Augerius Gislenius Busbequius), sometimes Augier Ghislain de Busbecq, was a 16th-century Flemish writer, herbalist and diplomat in the employ of three generations of Austrian monarchs. He served as ambassador to the Ottoman Empire in Constantinople and in 1581 published a book about his time there, Itinera Constantinopolitanum et Amasianum, re-published in 1595 under the title of Turcicae epistolae or Turkish Letters. His letters also contain the only surviving word list of Crimean Gothic, a Germanic dialect spoken at the time in some isolated regions of Crimea. He is credited with the introduction of tulips into Western Europe and to the origin of their name.
Inherent viscosity
In polymer science, inherent viscosity is the ratio of the natural logarithm of the relative viscosity of a polymer to its mass concentration.  Inherent viscosity scales inversely to mass density, and a common unit is dL/g.

Inherent viscosity is defined as   where  is the mass concentration of the polymer and  is the relative viscosity, which is defined as  where  is the viscosity of the solution and  is the viscosity of the solvent.

The definition of  is a finite difference approximation to the derivative   That ideal limiting value is the intrinsic viscosity,  which is a good measure of the polymerization degree.

Mass concentration (chemistry)
In chemistry, the mass concentration ρi (or γi) is defined as the mass of a constituent mi divided by the volume of the mixture V.

For a pure chemical substance, the mass concentration equals its density (mass divided by volume); thus the mass concentration of a component in a mixture can be called the "density of a component in a mixture". This explains the usage of ρ (the lower case Greek letter rho), the symbol most often used for density.
Chiripá people
The Chiripá are a Guaraní indigenous people who live mainly in Paraguay in the area bounded by the Paraná River and the Acaray and Jejuí Rivers, while in Brazil they coexist with other Guarani groups in villages in the states of Mato Grosso do Sul (where they are simply called Guarani), Paraná and São Paulo. The term ñandéva is used in Paraguay to refer to the tapietes. In Argentina they are found in small groups living among the Mbyas in the province of Misiones. They are highly acculturated but maintain their dialects and religious traditions.

Paraná River
The Paraná River (Portuguese: Rio Paraná [ˈʁi.u paɾaˈna] ⓘ; Spanish: Río Paraná [ˈri.o paɾaˈna] ⓘ; Guarani: Ysyry Parana) is a river in south-central South America, running through Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina for some 4,880 kilometres (3,030 mi). Among South American rivers, it is second in length only to the Amazon River. It merges with the Paraguay River and then farther downstream with the Uruguay River to form the Río de la Plata and empties into the Atlantic Ocean.

The first European to go up the Paraná River was the Venetian explorer Sebastian Cabot, in 1526, while working for Spain.

A drought hit the river in 2021, causing a 77-year low.
Region Sörmland
Region Sörmland, formerly the Södermanland County Council (Swedish: Södermanlands läns landsting) is the regional council for Södermanland County, Sweden. The Region is primarily responsible for healthcare, public transport, and regional development, including cultural affairs.

Katrineholm
Katrineholm (pronunciation: extendedⓘ or shortenedⓘ) is a locality and the seat of Katrineholm Municipality, Södermanland County, Sweden with 24,271 inhabitants in 2018. It is located in the inland of Södermanland and is the third largest urban area in the county after Eskilstuna and county seat Nyköping.
Miguel Arteche
Miguel Salinas Arteche (4 June 1926 – 22 July 2012), best known as Miguel Arteche, the name he adopted after legally reversing his maternal and paternal surnames in 1972, was a Chilean poet and novelist. He was born in Nueva Imperial, Cautín, 9th Region, on June 4, 1926, but spent most of his adult life in Santiago, Chile working as an academic. He was also awarded government positions, both in Chile and abroad.  His writings appeared first in the Anthology of the Generation of 1950, compiled by Enrique Lafourcade, a well-known Chilean writer.

Nueva Imperial
Nueva Imperial (New Imperial, in English) is a city and commune in the south of Chile. It is located in Cautín Province in the Araucanía Region. Nueva Imperial lies about 35 km (22 mi) to the west of Temuco, the regional capital.
Kiamika, Quebec
Kiamika is a municipality in the Laurentides region of Quebec, Canada, part of the Antoine-Labelle Regional County Municipality.

Joseph Montferrand (1802–1864), a logger of imposing stature and extraordinary physical strength, was from Kiamika.

The municipality is named after the Kiamika River, which flows through its territory and is a tributary of the Lièvre River. This name, mentioned by Stanislas Drapeau as Kiamica and appearing on a map of Quebec by Eugène Taché from 1870, comes from the Algonquin word kickiamika meaning 'steep cut below the water', from kicki ('steep cut') and amick ('below the water').

However, an alternate meaning may be 'deep and quiet river', from the roots kiam ('deep') and ka ('quiet').

Algonquin language
Algonquin (also spelled Algonkin; in Algonquin: Anicinàbemowin or Anishinàbemiwin) is either a distinct Algonquian language closely related to the Ojibwe language or a particularly divergent Ojibwe dialect. It is spoken, alongside French and to some extent English, by the Algonquin First Nations of Quebec and Ontario.  As of 2006, there were 2,680 Algonquin speakers, less than 10% of whom were monolingual. Algonquin is the language for which the entire Algonquian language subgroup is named; the similarity among the names often causes considerable confusion.  Like many Native American languages, it is strongly verb-based, with most meaning being incorporated into verbs instead of using separate words for prepositions, tense, etc.
Morgan, New Jersey
Morgan is a neighborhood in Sayreville in Middlesex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, named for Charles Morgan III who purchased the land on May 7, 1710.

The Morgan Draw, constructed over the Cheesequake Creek in 1912, serves the North Jersey Coast Line.

A month before the end of World War I in 1918, the neighborhood was heavily damaged by the T. A. Gillespie Company Shell Loading Plant explosion.

Morgan Heights is a neighborhood on the bluff in the district.

Cheesequake State Park
Cheesequake State Park is a 1,610-acre (2.52 mi2) state park located in Old Bridge, Middlesex County, New Jersey, in the United States.

The New Jersey Legislature allocated $100,000 in 1937 to purchase property for the park. The state first acquired a 250-acre (100 ha) tract of farmland and a Civil War-era mansion from the Favier brothers in January 1938. Additional lands were acquired over the next two years, and the Civil Conservation Corps, part of the Works Progress Administration, helped develop the property. The park was opened in June 1940. It is operated and maintained by the New Jersey Division of Parks and Forestry and is part of the New Jersey Coastal Heritage Trail Route.

The name Cheesequake has been variously described as deriving from the Lenape words Cheseh-oh-ke ("upland"), Chichequaas ("upland village"), or Chiskhakink ("at the land that has been cleared").