hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1888 Notre Dame football team
The 1888 Notre Dame football team was an American football team that represented the University of Notre Dame in the 1888 college football season. The team had no coach and played only one game during the fall of 1888, a 20–0 victory over Harvard Prep School  (a preparatory school in Chicago, also known as Chicago Harvard School) at South Bend, Indiana, on December 6, 1888. The win over Harvard Prep was the first victory in the history of the Notre Dame Fighting Irish football program.  It was also the programs first blowout win, first undefeated season, and most points scored against an opposing football team.  The 20–0 win was twice the number of points scored during the entire 1887 season.  Although they only played a single game, Harvard Prep had declared themselves champions of Illinois after going undefeated prior to the contest with Notre Dame, and when Notre Dame defeated them, the South Bend Tribune asserted that University was "Champions of the Northwest".

1888 college football season
The 1888 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Yale as having been selected national champions. October 18 saw the first intercollegiate game in the state of North Carolina when Wake Forest defeated North Carolina 6–4. The first "scientific game" occurred on Thanksgiving of the same year when North Carolina played Duke (then Trinity). Duke won 16 to 0.
Zanabazar junior
Zanabazar is a genus of large troodontid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. The genus was originally named by Rinchen Barsbold as the new species Saurornithoides junior. In 2009 it was reclassified as its own genus and species, Zanabazar junior, named after Zanabazar, the first spiritual figurehead of Tibetan Buddhism in Mongolia. The holotype includes a skull, vertebrae, and right hindlimb. Zanabazar was one of the largest and most derived troodontids.

Apomorphy and synapomorphy
In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to have evolved in their most recent common ancestor.

In cladistics, synapomorphy implies homology.

Examples of apomorphy are the presence of erect gait, fur, the evolution of three middle ear bones, and mammary glands in mammals but not in other vertebrate animals, such as amphibians or reptiles, which have retained their ancestral traits of a sprawling gait and lack of fur. Thus, these derived traits are also synapomorphies of mammals in general as they are not shared by other vertebrate animals.
Battle of Bloody Gulch
The Battle of Bloody Gulch took place around the Manoir de Donville or Hill 30 (U.S. Army designation), about 1 mile (1.6 km) southwest of Carentan in Normandy, France, on June 13, 1944.

It involved elements of the German 17th SS Panzergrenadier Division and 6th Fallschirmjäger Regiment, and the American 501st, 502nd, and 506th Parachute Infantry Regiments (PIR) of the 101st Airborne Division, reinforced by elements of the 2nd Armored Division and the 29th Infantry Division.

During the battle, the manor house of Manoir de Donville was the headquarters of the German forces. American soldiers nicknamed the road running past the manor "Bloody Gulch", after a place mentioned in the popular western movie Destry Rides Again.

506th Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 506th Infantry Regiment, originally designated the 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment (506th PIR) during World War II, is an airborne light infantry regiment of the United States Army. Currently a parent regiment under the U.S. Army Regimental System, the regiment has two active battalions: the 1st Battalion, 506th Infantry Regiment (1-506th IR) is assigned to the 1st Brigade Combat Team, 101st Airborne Division, and the 2nd Battalion, 506th Infantry Regiment (2-506th IR) is assigned to the 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 101st Airborne Division.

The regiment served with the 101st Airborne Division in World War II. Regimental elements have served with the 101st in Vietnam, Iraq, and Afghanistan. Regimental elements have also served in peacetime and in Iraq with the 2nd Infantry Division.

The World War II actions of E Company ("Easy Company") of the regiment's 2nd Battalion were portrayed in the 2001 HBO miniseries Band of Brothers.
Suppan
Suppan is a Germanized form of the Slavic surname Zupan (or Župan). Notable people with the surname include:

Armin Suppan (born 1959), Austrian musician

Arnold Suppan (born 1945), Austrian historian

Gernot Suppan (born 1985), Austrian footballer

Jakob Suppan (1734–1810), composer from the Holy Roman Empire

Jeff Suppan (born 1975), American pitcher

Sigismund Suppan (1814–1881), bishop of Banská Bystrica

Wolfgang Suppan (1933–2015), Austrian musicologist

Jeff Suppan
Jeffrey Scot Suppan (/ˈsuːpɑːn/; born January 2, 1975) is an American former professional baseball pitcher and current professional baseball coach who played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB). He played for the Boston Red Sox, Arizona Diamondbacks, Kansas City Royals, Pittsburgh Pirates, St. Louis Cardinals, Milwaukee Brewers, and San Diego Padres.
Ingram Creek
Ingram Creek, originally Arroyo de la Suerte, is a 14-mile-long (23 km) tributary of the San Joaquin River in Stanislaus County, in the San Joaquin Valley of California.

The mouth of Ingram Creek is located at 37°36′52″N 121°12′24″W﻿ / ﻿37.61444°N 121.20667°W﻿ / 37.61444; -121.20667 at an elevation of 46 feet (14 m) where it has its confluence with a slough of the San Joaquin River.  The upper reach of the creek runs through Ingram Canyon. The source of Ingram Creek is located at the head of Ingram Canyon at the confluence of the source of Ingram Creek is located at the confluence of Grummett Creek and Cedar Spring Gulch at 37°31′27″N 121°20′31″W﻿ / ﻿37.52417°N 121.34194°W﻿ / 37.52417; -121.34194 at an elevation of 880 feet (270 m).  Its headwaters are in the Diablo Range.  It is a western tributary of the San Joaquin River.

Stanislaus County, California
Stanislaus County (/ˈstænɪslɔː(s)/ ⓘ STAN-iss-law(ss); Spanish: Condado de Estanislao) is a county located in the San Joaquin Valley of the U.S. state of California. As of 2023, its estimated population  is 564,404. The county seat is Modesto.

Stanislaus County makes up the Modesto metropolitan statistical area. The county is located just east of the San Francisco Bay Area and serves as a bedroom community for those who work in the eastern part of the Bay Area.
Skokomish people
The Skokomish (pronounced /skoʊˈkoʊmɪʃ/) are one of nine tribes of the Twana, a Native American people of western Washington state in the United States. The tribe lives along Hood Canal, a fjord-like inlet on the west side of the Kitsap Peninsula and the Puget Sound basin. Historically the Twana were hunters, fishers, and gatherers who had a nomadic lifestyle during the warmer months, while living in more permanent homes during the winter months.

Today, Skokomish people are enrolled in the federally recognized Skokomish Indian Tribe.

Inlet
An inlet is a typically long and narrow indentation of a shoreline such as a small arm, cove, bay, sound, fjord, lagoon or marsh, that leads to an enclosed larger body of water such as a lake, estuary, gulf or marginal sea.
Juliana Huxtable
Juliana Huxtable (born December 29, 1987) is an American artist, writer, performer, DJ, and co-founder of the New York–based nightlife project Shock Value. Huxtable has exhibited and performed at a number of venues including Reena Spaulings Fine Art, Project Native Informant, Artists Space, the New Museum, the Museum of Modern Art, Portland Institute for Contemporary Art, and Institute of Contemporary Arts. Huxtable's multidisciplinary art practice explores a number of projects, such as the internet, the body, history, and text, often through a process she calls "conditioning." Huxtable is a published author of two books and a member of the New York City–based collective House of Ladosha. She is on the roster of the talent agency Discwoman, a New York based collective and talent agency that books DJs for parties and events around the world. She previously lived and worked in New York City, and has been based in Berlin since 2020.

Tumblr
Tumblr (/ˈtʌmblər/ TUM-blər) is a microblogging and social media platform founded by David Karp in 2007 and is owned by American company Automattic. The service allows users to post multimedia and other content to a short-form blog. It was also noted for being socially progressive in the 2010s.
Stanko Mlakar Stadium
Stanko Mlakar Stadium (Slovene: Stadion Stanka Mlakarja), located in the Kranj Sports Centre (Slovene: Športni center Kranj), is a multi-purpose stadium in Kranj, Slovenia. It is mostly used for football matches and hosts the home matches of Triglav Kranj in the Slovenian Second League. In 2009, the stadium underwent a major reconstruction in which a new stand was built and the stadium now has a capacity of 2,060 seats.

Slovenian Second League
The Slovenian Second Football League (Slovene: Druga slovenska nogometna liga), also known by the abbreviation 2. SNL, is the second highest football league in Slovenia. The league was formed in 1991 and is operated by the Football Association of Slovenia.
ITerm2
iTerm2 is a free and open-source terminal emulator for macOS, licensed under GPL-2.0-or-later. It was derived from and has mostly supplanted the earlier "iTerm" application.

iTerm2 supports operating system features such as window transparency, full-screen mode, split panes, Exposé Tabs, Growl notifications, and standard keyboard shortcuts. Other features include customizable profiles, Instant Replay of past terminal input/output, a Toolbelt showing running jobs and a command history, the ability to open when a key combination is pressed, and autocomplete.

Tmux
tmux is an open-source terminal multiplexer for Unix-like operating systems. It allows multiple terminal sessions to be accessed simultaneously in a single window. It is useful for running more than one command-line program at the same time. It can also be used to detach processes from their controlling terminals, allowing remote sessions to remain active without being visible.
P with stroke
Ᵽ (minuscule: ᵽ) or "P with stroke" is a letter of the Latin alphabet, formed from P with the addition of a stroke, usually through the bowl but sometimes through the descender. It is used in some phonetic transcription systems, such as the Americanist phonetic notation, to represent a fricative [ɸ].

In 1987 ᵽ was adopted for writing the Tanimuca-Retuarã language, where it represents either a fricative or a stop depending on the dialect.

PotCoin uses a design of the P with stroke as a symbol of its digital cryptocurrency.

There is also a P with stroke through descender Ꝑ (minuscule: ꝑ) used in the medieval period as a scribal abbreviation for per, par-, por-.

Typeface anatomy
Typeface anatomy describes the graphic elements that make up letters in a typeface.

Typefaces are born from the struggle between rules and results. Squeezing a square about 1% helps it look more like a square; to appear the same height as a square, a circle must be measurably taller. The two strokes in an X aren't the same thickness, nor are their parallel edges actually parallel; the vertical stems of a lowercase alphabet are thinner than those of its capitals; the ascender on a d isn't the same length as the descender on a p, and so on. For the rational mind, type design can be a maddening game of drawing things differently in order to make them appear the same.
Calcium-induced calcium release
Calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) describes a biological process whereby calcium is able to activate calcium release from intracellular Ca2+ stores (e.g., endoplasmic reticulum or sarcoplasmic reticulum). Although CICR was first proposed for skeletal muscle in the 1970s, it is now known that CICR is unlikely to be the primary mechanism for activating SR calcium release. Instead, CICR is thought to be crucial for excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac muscle. It is now obvious that CICR is a widely occurring cellular signaling process present even in many non-muscle cells, such as in the insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells, epithelium, and many other cells. Since CICR is a positive-feedback system, it has been of great interest to elucidate the mechanism(s) responsible for its termination.

Beta cell
Beta cells (β-cells) are specialized endocrine cells located within the pancreatic islets of Langerhans responsible for the production and release of insulin and amylin. Constituting ~50–70% of cells in human islets, beta cells play a vital role in maintaining blood glucose levels. Problems with beta cells can lead to disorders such as diabetes.
Billy Cooper (Canadian football)
Billy Cooper is a former award-winning and Grey Cup champion wide receiver and defensive back who played in the Canadian Football League from 1964 to 1974.

Coming from the Winnipeg Rods junior team and joining the Blue Bombers in 1964, Cooper won the Dr. Beattie Martin Trophy for best Canadian rookie in the west on the strength of his 24 pass receptions for 409 yard and 4 touchdowns (he also rushed the ball, kicked off, and returned both kicks and punts.) After four seasons with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers he played 6 seasons with the Ottawa Rough Riders, winning 2 Grey Cups. He finished the 1973 with the Edmonton Eskimos and ended his football career in 1974 with the Toronto Argonauts.

Dr. Beattie Martin Trophy
The Dr. Beattie Martin Trophy is a Canadian Football League award, given to the most outstanding Canadian player in the West Division.  Each team nominates a player for this award, from which the winner is chosen.  Either the winner of this trophy or the winner of the Lew Hayman Trophy will also win the Canadian Football League Most Outstanding Canadian award.

The Martin trophy is named after former Saskatchewan Roughriders president Beattie Martin.  Originally presented in 1949, it served as the Western Interprovincial Football Union's award for the outstanding Canadian rookie until 1974.  As part of the failed American expansion, the Martin trophy was awarded in 1995 to the North Division's outstanding Canadian.
Health and Care Professions Council
The Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC), formerly the Health Professions Council (HPC), is a statutory regulator of over 280,000 professionals from 15 health and care professions in the United Kingdom. The Council reports its main purpose is to protect the public. It does this by setting and maintaining standards of proficiency and conduct for the professions it regulates. Its key functions include approving education and training programmes which health and care professionals must complete before they can register with the HCPC; and maintaining and publishing a Register of health and care providers who meet predetermined professional requirements and standards of practice.

Regulatory agency
A regulatory agency (regulatory body, regulator) or independent agency (independent regulatory agency) is a government authority that is responsible for exercising autonomous jurisdiction over some area of human activity in a licensing and regulating capacity. Examples of responsibilities include strengthening safety and standards, and/or to protect consumers in markets where there is a lack of effective competition. Examples of regulatory agencies that enforce standards include the Food and Drug Administration in the United States and the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency in the United Kingdom; and, in the case of economic regulation, the Office of Gas and Electricity Markets and the Telecom Regulatory Authority in India.
Accession of Timor-Leste to ASEAN
Timor-Leste became a member state of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations on 26 October 2025 during the 47th ASEAN Summit, finishing a two-decade accession process.

The island nation was recognised as an observer to ASEAN soon after it gained independence in May 2002. By 2007, all of its political parties supported closer ties with the organisation, and leaders declared a "strategic decision" to seek membership. The country applied for membership in 2011, and ASEAN agreed in principle to admit the country and make it a formal observer in 2022.

Timor-Leste has the smallest GDP in the ASEAN by far. Its GDP is less than 15% of Laos, the member state with the second-smallest GDP.

Xanana Gusmão
José Alexandre "Xanana" Gusmão (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuˈzɛ ɐlɨˈʃɐ̃dɾɨ ʃɐˈnanɐ ɣuʒˈmɐ̃w]; born 20 June 1946) is an East Timorese politician. He has served as the tenth prime minister of Timor-Leste since 2023, previously serving as the sixth prime minister from 2007 to 2015. A former rebel, he also served as East Timor's first president since its re-establishment of independence from 2002 to 2007.
August Koskinen
August Viljam Koskinen (17 November 1878 in Laukaa – 24 October 1949) was a Finnish carpenter and politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1919 to 1922, representing the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP).

Laukaa
Laukaa (Finnish: [ˈlɑu̯kɑː]; Swedish: Laukas) is a municipality of Finland. It is located next to Jyväskylä and is part of the Central Finland region. The municipality has a population of 18,876 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 825.59 square kilometres (318.76 sq mi) of which 177.09 km2 (68.37 sq mi) is water.  The population density is 29.11 inhabitants per square kilometre (75.4/sq mi).

The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

The subject of Laukaa's coat of arms refers to the municipality's abundant coniferous forests and Laukaa's location in the heart of Finland. The explanation of the coat of arms is "a red heart in a silver field, from which grows a three-pronged green conifer." The coat of arms was designed by Olof Eriksson and approved by the Laukaa Municipal Council at its meeting on June 6, 1955. The Ministry of the Interior confirmed the use of the coat of arms on September 5 of the same year.
Theology of Pope Pius XII
The theology of Pope Pius XII is reflected in his forty-one encyclicals, as well as speeches and nearly 1000 messages, during his almost 20-year pontificate. The encyclicals Mystici corporis and Mediator Dei advanced the understanding of membership and participation in the Catholic Church. The encyclical Divino afflante Spiritu began opening the door to historical-critical biblical studies. But his magisterium was far larger and is difficult to summarize. In numerous speeches Catholic teaching is related to various aspects of life, education, medicine, politics, war and peace, the life of saints, Mary, the mother of God, things eternal and temporal.

Encyclical
An encyclical was originally a circular letter sent to all the churches of a particular area in the ancient Roman Church. At that time, the word could be used for a letter sent out by any bishop. The word comes from the Late Latin encyclios (originally from the Latin encyclius, a Latinization of Greek ἐγκύκλιος (enkyklios), meaning "circular", "in a circle", or "all-round", also part of the origin of the word encyclopedia).

The term is now primarily associated with papal encyclicals from the Catholic Church for letters outlining the church's perspective on a topic, but is also used among Anglicans and the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Faisal Hassan
Faisal Ahmed Hassan  is a Canadian politician, who was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 2018 until his defeat in the 2022 Ontario general election. He represented the riding of York South—Weston as a member of the Ontario New Democratic Party.

Hassan is originally from Somalia. He emigrated to Canada in 1990, first settling in Winnipeg, Manitoba.

For over 15 years, Hassan was active in housing issues in Toronto with Midaynta Community Services, the Toronto Community Hostel, and Woodgreen Housing.

He was the NDP candidate in Etobicoke North in the 2015 federal election, and has worked as a constituency assistant to Paul Ferreira and Mike Sullivan.

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, he has been advocating for a moratorium on COVID-19 evictions.

He was part of Ontario's first ever Black Caucus, alongside NDP caucus colleagues Laura Mae Lindo, Rima Berns-McGown, Jill Andrew and Kevin Yarde.

York South—Weston (provincial electoral district)
York South—Weston is a provincial electoral district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario since 1999.

Its Member of Provincial Parliament is Progressive Conservative Mohamed Firin.
Rnd3
Rnd3 is a small (~21 kDa) signaling G protein (to be specific, a GTPase), and is a member of the Rnd subgroup of the Rho family of GTPases. It is encoded by the gene RND3.

Like other members of the Rho family of Ras-related GTPases it regulates the organization of the actin cytoskeleton in response to extracellular growth factors.

Ras superfamily
The Ras superfamily, derived from "Rat sarcoma virus", is a protein superfamily of small GTPases. Members of the superfamily are divided into families and subfamilies based on their structure, sequence and function. The five main families are Ras, Rho, Ran, Rab and Arf GTPases. The Ras family itself is further divided into 6 subfamilies: Ras, Ral, Rap, Rheb, Rad and Rit. Miro is a recent contributor to the superfamily. Each subfamily shares the common core G domain, which provides essential GTPase and nucleotide exchange activity.

The surrounding sequence helps determine the functional specificity of the small GTPase, for example the 'Insert Loop', common to the Rho subfamily, specifically contributes to binding to effector proteins such as WASP.

In general, the Ras family is responsible for cell proliferation: Rho for cell morphology, Ran for nuclear transport, and Rab and Arf for vesicle transport.
2025 Australian Individual Speedway Championship
The 2025 Australian Individual Speedway Championship was a motorcycle speedway competition organised by Motorcycling Australia (MA) for the Australian Individual Speedway Championship. The event was held over three rounds with the champion being classified with the most points collated from the three rounds. Initially, there were supposed to be four rounds, but the event at North Brisbane was cancelled due to bad weather.

Rohan Tungate was the defending champion. Jason Doyle, Ryan Douglas and Tate Zischke were ruled out through injury, while former winner Troy Batchelor did not participate.

The title was won by Brady Kurtz, who also claimed the opening two rounds. Kurtz finished 11 points clear of Jack Holder, with Chris Holder completing the podium. It was the second time Kurtz was crowned champion after also winning the 2016 series.

Motorcycling Australia
Motorcycling Australia is the governing body for motorcycle racing in Australia, covering road racing, motocross, trials, supercross, dirt track, supermoto and speedway. Motorcycling Australia is affiliated with the international governing body, Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM), based in Geneva, Switzerland.

The body oversees state governing bodies Motorcycling New South Wales, Motorcycling Victoria, Motorcycling Queensland, Motorcycling South Australia, Motorcycling Western Australia, Motorcycling Tasmania and Motorcycling Northern Territory.

Originally formed in 1928 as the Auto Cycle Council of Australia (ACCA), the name changed to Motorcycling Australia in 1992. Today, the organisation has in excess of 21,000 competitors, more than 350 affiliated clubs, and over 3000 registered officials.