hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Currency substitution
Currency substitution is the use of a foreign currency in parallel to or instead of a domestic currency.

Currency substitution can be full or partial. Full currency substitution can occur after a major economic crisis, such as in Ecuador. Some small economies, for whom it is impractical to maintain an independent currency, use the currencies of their larger neighbours; for example, Liechtenstein uses the Swiss franc.

Partial currency substitution occurs when residents of a country choose to hold a significant share of their financial assets denominated in a foreign currency or use it as exchange currency, as is currently the case in Venezuela. It can also occur as a gradual conversion to full currency substitution; for example, Argentina was in the process of converting to the U.S. dollar during the 1990s.

Moroccan-occupied Western Sahara
25°N 13°W﻿ / ﻿25°N 13°W﻿ / 25; -13

About two-thirds of Western Sahara, a UN-designated non-self-governing territory in the Maghreb, has been occupied by Morocco since 1975 amid the Western Sahara War. It was illegally annexed by Morocco in two stages in 1976 and 1979. The occupied territories are administered as integral parts of Morocco, and state-sponsored settlement programs exist to relocate Moroccans to Western Sahara.

The Moroccan government uses the terminology southern provinces or Moroccan Sahara to refer to the occupied territory. These designations specifically encompass the entirety of Western Sahara, spanning three of Morocco's 12 top-level administrative regions. Such terminology is often used in Moroccan mass media and state media, while the nomenclature associated with the Polisario Front and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is censored and sometimes penalized.
Lyda Osorio
Lyda Elena Osorio Amaya is a Colombian physician, epidemiologist and infectious disease specialist. She is an associate professor at the Universidad del Valle, and a researcher at the Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas (CIDEIM) in Cali, Valle del Cauca. Osorio's research has focused mainly on vector-borne diseases like malaria, leishmaniasis, Zika and dengue fever. She has also played a role in Colombia's response against COVID-19.

Cali
Santiago de Cali (Spanish pronunciation: [sanˈtjaɣo ðe ˈkali]), or Cali, is the capital of the Valle del Cauca department, and the most populous city in southwest Colombia, with an estimated 2,280,522 residents in 2023. The city spans 560.3 km2 (216.3 sq mi) with 120.9 km2 (46.7 sq mi) of urban area, making Cali the second-largest city in the country by area and the third most populous. Cali is the main urban and economic center in the south of the country, and has one of Colombia's fastest-growing economies. The city was founded on 25 July 1536 by the Spanish explorer Sebastián de Belalcázar.

As a sporting center for Colombia, it was the host city for the 1971 Pan American Games. Cali also hosted the 1992 World Wrestling Championships, the 2013 edition of the World Games, the UCI Track Cycling World Championships in 2014, the World Youth Championships in Athletics in 2015 as well as the inaugural Junior Pan American Games in 2021 and the 2022 World Athletics U20 Championships.
Natha Khan Goth
Natha Khan Goth (Urdu: نتھا خان گوٹھ) is a neighbourhood in the Korangi District in eastern Karachi, Pakistan. It was previously part of Shah Faisal Town, which was an administrative unit that was disbanded in 2011.

There are several ethnic groups in Natha Khan Goth including Hazarewal, Muhajirs, Sindhis, Kashmiris, Seraikis, Pakhtuns, Balochis, Memons, Bohras,  Ismailis, etc.

Memon people
The Memon are a Muslim community in Gujarat, India, and Sindh, Pakistan, the majority of whom follow the Hanafi fiqh of Sunni Islam. They are divided into different groups based on their origins: Kathiawari Memons, Kutchi Memons and Bantva Memons from the Kathiawar, Kutch and Bantva regions of Gujarat, respectively, and Sindhi Memons from Sindh.

Memons have cultural similarities with the Khoja, Bohra, and other Gujarati peoples. They speak the Memoni language as their first language, which shares vocabulary with the Sindhi language, Kutchi language and Gujarati languages.

Today Memons are connected through globally recognized organisations such as the World Memon Organisation (WMO) and International Memon Organisation (IMO).
2015 Gulf 12 Hours
The 2015 Gulf 12 Hours was the 5th edition of the Gulf 12 Hours. The race was held at Yas Marina Circuit on 11 December 2015. It was contested with GT3-spec, Porsche Cup cars, and Group CN cars.

The race was won by Michal Broniszewski, Davide Rigon and Andrea Piccini in the #11 Kessel Racing Ferrari 458 Italia GT3.

Davide Rigon
Davide Rigon (born 26 August 1986) is an Italian professional racing driver who is currently competing in the FIA World Endurance Championship and other selected GT races for AF Corse. He is also currently part of the Scuderia Ferrari Formula One test driver team.
Verkhneilyinovka
Verkhneilyinovka (Russian: Верхнеильиновка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Verkhneilyinsky Selsoviet of Zavitinsky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 161 as of 2018. There are 8 streets.

Zavitinsky District
Zavitinsky District  (Russian: Завити́нский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty in Amur Oblast, Russia. The area of the district is 3,286 square kilometers (1,269 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Zavitinsk. Population: 15,970 (2010 Census); 20,198 (2002 Census); 29,637 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Zavitinsk accounts for 71.9% of the district's total population.
Gennady Leonov
Gennady Alexeyevich Leonov (Russian: Геннадий Алексеевич Леонов; February 2, 1947 in Leningrad, Soviet Union – April 23, 2018) was a Russian scientist, Correspondent Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (since 2006), Professor at the Saint Petersburg State University, Doctor of Sciences.
Laureate of the 1986 USSR State Prize and 2012 Aleksandr Andronov Russian Academy of Sciences Prize.

He graduated from the Leningrad State University in 1969.

In 1971 he defended his Candidate's Dissertation.
In 1983 he defended his doctoral dissertation.
In 1986 he received the title of Professor.

Since 1988, he served as Dean of the Faculty of Mathematics and Mechanics of the Saint Petersburg State University.

He was a foreign member of the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters (2017).

Aleksandr Andronov
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Andronov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Андро́нов; April 11 [O.S. March 29] 1901, Moscow – October 31, 1952, Gorky) was a Soviet physicist and member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (1946). He worked extensively on the theory of stability of dynamical systems, introducing (together with Lev Pontryagin) the notion of structural stability. In that context, he also contributed to the mathematical theory of self-oscillation (a term that he coined) by establishing a link between the generation of oscillations and the theory of Lyapunov stability. He developed the comprehensive theory of self-oscillations by linking it with the qualitative theory of differential equations, topology, and with the general theory of stability of motion. The crater Andronov on the Moon is named after him.
Janadas Devan
Janadas Devan (born 1954) is a former journalist and the current Deputy Secretary at the Prime Minister’s Office of Singapore, and Senior Advisor at the Ministry of Digital Development and Information. He is also a director at the public policy think-tank Institute of Policy Studies (IPS). Janadas was formerly a senior editor of The Straits Times, the flagship English-language daily newspaper of Singapore Press Holdings. He is the son of C.V. Devan Nair, the third President of Singapore. Janadas studied at the National University of Singapore and Cornell University in New York.  He is married to literary scholar Geraldine Heng.

Singapore Press Holdings
Singapore Press Holdings Limited (SPH) was one of Singapore's two state media companies, which published The Straits Times, numerous other newspapers and operated radio, television and digital media.

In 2021, the media division was spun off as SPH Media, leaving behind the property and aged care businesses. Since its takeover by Cuscaden Peak in 2022, it has been renamed Cuscaden Peak Investments.

At its peak, SPH had over 4,000 employees. Its team of approximately 1,000 journalists included correspondents operating around the world. 2,500 of the staff, including the journalists and its media business were subsequently transferred to SPH Media.

The company was one of the country's "blue-chip" counters on the Singapore Exchange Securities Trading Limited (SGX) until its delisting on 13 May 2022 following its acquisition by Cuscaden Peak. It was also a constituent of the Straits Times Index until its removal on 22 June 2020.
Coundon Road railway station
Coundon Road railway station was a railway station in Coventry, England, built by the London and North Western Railway in 1850 when it was known as Coundon Road railway station.

It was the first station north of Coventry on the Coventry to Nuneaton Line, and closed in 1965.

In January 1857, Coundon Road station became the temporary terminus on the route when the nearby Spon End Viaduct collapsed. The station was rebuilt in 1896 after the original station buildings were destroyed by fire.

The Up (Coventry) platform and station master's house can still clearly be seen, with the house now part of Bablake School's site as their Classics block. The Down (Nuneaton) platform is also in situ, although with its platform edging now removed.

A bid was made to the Restoring Your Railway Fund in March 2020 for funding for a feasibility study into reopening the station. The bid was not successful.

Bablake School
Bablake School is a secondary co-educational private day school located in Coventry, England. It was founded in 1344 by Isabella of France, widow of Edward II, making it one of the oldest schools in the United Kingdom. It is a part of the Coventry School Foundation, a registered charity, along with King Henry VIII School, King Henry VIII Preparatory School and Cheshunt School. As of January 2021, Bablake is a selective, fee-charging independent school and a member of the HMC.
Punk (Young Thug album)
Punk is the second studio album by American rapper Young Thug. It was released on October 15, 2021, through YSL Records and is distributed by Atlantic Records and 300 Entertainment. The album contains guest appearances from Strick, J. Cole, T-Shyne, Gunna, Future, BSlime, Post Malone, ASAP Rocky, Lil Double 0, Drake, Travis Scott, Doja Cat, Nate Ruess, Jeff Bhasker, alongside the late Juice Wrld and Mac Miller. The production on the album was handled by a variety of record producers, including T-Minus, Metro Boomin, Kanye West, Pi'erre Bourne, Wheezy, Oz, Louis Bell, and Watt, among others.

Punk received generally positive reviews from music critics and was a commercial success. The album was supported by the single "Bubbly". It debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart, earning 90,000 album-equivalent units in its first week.

YSL Records
YSL Records (an initialism for Young Stoner Life Records) is an American record label based in Atlanta, Georgia. It was founded in 2016 by the Atlanta-based rapper Young Thug. The label is an imprint of 300 Entertainment. As of 2026 current acts include Thug himself, Strick, T-Shyne, Yung Kayo and 1300SAINT. Several contemporary artists, including Drake, Future, Lil Uzi Vert, Playboi Carti, Lil Baby, Lil Gotit, NAV, Travis Scott, and Slimelife Shawty have expressed allegiance to YSL, but are not contractually signed.

The label was embroiled in a major criminal trial from 2022–2024, with Young Thug, Gunna, and other YSL members arrested and charged with racketeering and various gang-related crimes in violation of Georgia's RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations) Act. Authorities alleged that YSL Records is a street gang. In 2024, label head Young Thug was released on probation.
Siege of Tauromenium (394 BC)
The siege of Tauromenium was laid down by Dionysius, tyrant of Syracuse, in the winter of 394 BC, in the course of the Sicilian Wars against Carthage. After defeating the Carthaginians at the Battle of Syracuse in 397 BC, Dionysius had been expanding his territory and political influence by conquering Sicel lands and planting Greek colonies in northeastern Sicily. Tauromenium was a Sicel city allied to Carthage and in a position to threaten both Syracuse and Messina. Dionysius laid siege to the city in the winter of 394 BC, but had to lift the siege after his night assault was defeated. Carthage responded to this attack on their allies by renewing the war, which was ended by a peace treaty in 392 BC that granted Dionysius overlordship of the Sicels, while Carthage retained all territory west of the Halykos and Himera rivers in Sicily.

Imera Settentrionale
The Imera Settentrionale (Greek: Ἱμέρας, Latin: Himera; Italian: Imera Settentrionale or also Fiume Grande) is a river of Sicily, rising in the Western Madonie mountains near Cozzo Levanche, and flowing approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi) through the comuni of Caltavuturo, Campofelice di Roccella, Cerda, Collesano, Scillato, Sclafani Bagni, Termini Imerese and Valledolmo (all in the Province of Palermo) to the Tyrrhenian Sea at the site of the ancient city of Himera. The drainage area is 342 square kilometres (132 sq mi), making it one of the principal rivers of Sicily to flow into the Tyrrhenian.
Jessica Schilder
Jessica Schilder (Dutch: [ˈjɛsikaː ˈsxɪldər]; born 19 March 1999) is a Dutch track and field athlete competing in shot put. Her outdoors personal best set in 2025 is 20.47 m, which is a Dutch record, and her indoors personal best is 20.69 m. She is two-time medalist at the World Athletics Indoor Championships, and was a bronze medalist at the 2022 World Athletics Championships. She is a two-time gold medalist at the European Athletics Championships (outdoor) and also won gold at the 2025 European Athletics Indoors Championships.

European Athletics Championships
The European Athletics Championships is a biennial (from 2010) athletics event organised by the European Athletic Association and is recognised as the elite continental outdoor athletics championships for Europe.
Virgil (bucking horse)
Virgil F13 (born 2008) is a retired rodeo bucking horse. He specialized in both bareback bronc riding and saddle bronc riding. Although born in North Dakota, United States, he has lived most of his life in Alberta, Canada. Virgil is a three-time Canadian Professional Rodeo Association (CPRA) Bareback Horse of the Year, as well as a two-time Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA) Bareback Horse of the Year. He was also awarded the Bareback Horse of the Canadian Finals Rodeo (CFR) five times from 2015 through 2018 and 2024, as well as the Bareback Horse of the National Finals Rodeo (NFR) in 2017 and 2024, and Co-Bareback Horse of the NFR in 2023. He was also the 2025 CPRA Saddle Bronc Horse of the Year, as well as the 2025 PRCA Saddle Bronc Horse of the Year. He is the horse that was ridden for the highest-scored bareback ride in PRCA history, which occurred in 2022.

Bronc riding
Bronc riding, either  bareback bronc or saddle bronc competition, is a rodeo event that involves a rodeo participant riding a bucking horse (sometimes called a bronc  or bronco) that attempts to throw or buck off the rider. Originally based on the necessary buck breaking skills of a working cowboy, the event is now a highly stylized competition that utilizes horses that often are specially bred for strength, agility, and bucking ability. It is recognized by most rodeo organizations such as the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA) and the International Professional Rodeo Association (IPRA).
North Lanes, Staffordshire
North Lanes (Lime Lane) is an area of Norton Canes, in the Cannock Chase District of Staffordshire, England. The area is rural, and forms a large part of Norton Canes's greenbelt. It is the location of the former colliery from where a canal basin of the Cannock Extension Canal is located, and sits above multiple mineshafts. The name is historically Lime Lane but appears as North Lanes on modern maps. The area is mostly made up of winding roads, farmland and common land. The Cannock Extension Canal here is a Cannock Extension Canal due to the presence of Floating Water Plantain. As well as its proximity to Little Wyrley, Brownhills West and Norton Canes. There are two lots of service stations as well as a social club and industrial estates.

Brownhills West
Brownhills West is a suburban village of Brownhills in the Walsall Metropolitan Borough and forms part of the border of the West Midlands and Staffordshire. It is an unparished area of Brownhills, lying on the border with Cannock and Burntwood respectively, it is still part of the Walsall borough. It lies next to the suburbs of Newtown, Ogley Hay and Shire Oak of Brownhills.

Brownhills West homes a council estate known locally as “The West”. Crime in Brownhills West has been an issue over the years with antisocial behaviour & drug offences being rife within the area.

It is located on the south bank of Chasewater reservoir, and Brownhills West railway station is the southern terminus of the Chasewater Railway.

The main local transport is provided by Bus with routes to Cannock, Walsall & Birmingham being major routes of the area.
2016 Goody's Fast Relief 500
The 2016 Goody's Fast Relief 500 was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series race that was held on October 30, 2016, at Martinsville Speedway in Ridgeway, Virginia. Contested over 500 laps on the .526 mile (.847 km) short track, it was the 33rd race of the 2016 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series season, seventh race of the Chase and first race of the Round of 8.

Martin Truex Jr.
Martin Lee Truex Jr. (born June 29, 1980) is an American semi-retired professional stock car racing driver. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 56 Toyota Camry XSE for Tricon Garage. He is the 2017 NASCAR Cup Series champion and a two-time Xfinity Series champion, having won two consecutive championships in 2004 and 2005.

Many members of Truex Jr.'s family are current or retired NASCAR drivers. His younger brother Ryan competes part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series for JGR, and is a two-time consecutive champion in what is now known as the ARCA Menards Series East. His late father Martin Sr. competed full-time in the East Series in the 1990s. His uncle Barney competed part-time in the Whelen Modified Tour in the 1980s. His cousins, Curtis Truex Jr. and Tyler Truex, are late model racing drivers.
Swimming at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Women's 50 metre freestyle S4
The women's 50 metre freestyle S4 event at the 2016 Paralympic Games took place on 16 September 2016, at the Olympic Aquatics Stadium. Two heats were held, with seven and eight swimmers respectively. The swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final, which was won by Australia's Rachael Watson.

Olympic Aquatics Stadium
The Olympic Aquatics Stadium (Portuguese: Estádio Aquático Olímpico) was a temporary aquatics center in the Barra Olympic Park in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The venue hosted the swimming events, Synchronized swimming finals and water polo finals at the 2016 Summer Olympics, and the para-swimming events for the 2016 Summer Paralympics.
Jim Chong Shing
Jim Chong Shing (詹昌盛; born 13 August 1957), an infamous Hong Kong street car racer nicknamed "Mang Hang" (盲亨, blind tycoon) and a member of "Wo On Lok" (和安樂), also known as "Shui Fong", one of the Hong Kong Triads. He is known by the local press as the 'God of Racing'.

Jim Chong Shing's son is Jim Ka To, a formula car racer and the 2008 Asian Formula Renault champion.

Jim's 15-year-old daughter was found dead in December 2016 in Tsuen Wan Pier waters.

Formula Renault
Formula Renault are classes of formula racing popular in Europe and elsewhere. Regarded as an entry-level series to motor racing, it was founded in 1971, and was a respected series where drivers can learn advanced racecraft before moving on to higher formulas.

Renault now backs the French F4 Championship and Formula Regional European Championship. The World Series by Renault once included Formula Renault 3.5 before becoming World Series Formula V8 3.5 in 2016, then folding in 2017.
Jalor railway station
Jalor railway station is an Indian railway station in Jalor district, Rajasthan. Its code is JOR. It serves Jalor city. The station consists of two platforms. Passenger, Express and Superfast trains halt here.

Jalore
Jalore (pronunciationⓘ) (ISO 15919 : Jālora ), also known as Granite City, is a city in the western Indian state of Rajasthan. It is the administrative headquarters of Jalore District.

It has a river known as Jawai Nadi. Jalore lies to south of Sukri river, a tributary of Luni river and the river Jawai Nadi passes through it. The town is about 140 km (87 mi) south of Jodhpur and 489 km (304 mi) from the state capital Jaipur. Jalore hasn't grown that much in terms of infrastructure. The town center has many corporate offices like Axis Bank, Punjab National Bank, UCO Bank, Birla Sun Life Insurance Ltd, Shreeram Transport Finance Company among others.
2000 Mid-Continent Conference baseball tournament
The 2000 Mid-Continent Conference Tournament took place from May 17 through 20. The top six regular season finishers from the regular season met in the double-elimination tournament held at J. L. Johnson Stadium on the campus of Oral Roberts University in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Oral Roberts won the tournament for the third time.

Oral Roberts University
Oral Roberts University (ORU) is a private evangelical university in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Founded in 1963, the university is named after its founder, Charismatic Christian preacher Oral Roberts.

Sitting on a 385-acre (156-hectare) campus, ORU offers over 70 undergraduate degree programs along with 20 graduate programs across six colleges. ORU is classified among "Master's Colleges & Universities: Medium Programs". The university enrolls approximately 5,000 students.
California Breeze
"California Breeze" is a song by American rapper Lil Baby, released from his third studio album It's Only Me with an accompanying music video on October 14, 2022. It was produced by Murda Beatz and MARS.

The song peaked at number four on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming the highest-charting song on the album.

It's Only Me
It's Only Me is the third studio album by American rapper Lil Baby. It was released on October 14, 2022 through Quality Control Music, Motown, Wolfpack, and 4 Pockets Full. The album features guest appearances from Nardo Wick, Young Thug, Fridayy, Future, Rylo Rodriguez, Jeremih, EST Gee, and Pooh Shiesty. It was supported by two singles: "In a Minute" and "Heyy".
The Carmen Miranda Collection
The Carmen Miranda Collection is a box set featuring five top movie titles starring Carmen Miranda. It was released by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment on June 17, 2008.

It is part of the 20th Century Fox Marquee Musicals, that refers to a collection of films released on DVD by Twentieth Century-Fox.

20th Century Home Entertainment
20th Century Home Entertainment (previously known as Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment, LLC and also known as 20th Century Studios Home Entertainment) is a home video distribution arm that distributes films produced by 20th Century Studios, Searchlight Pictures, Blue Sky Studios, 20th Century Animation and several third-party studios, as well as television series by 20th Television, Searchlight Television, 20th Television Animation and FX Productions in home entertainment formats.

For 38 years, 20th Century Home Entertainment was the distinct home video distribution arm of Fox Entertainment Group. It was formed in 1982 as 20th Century-Fox Video. On March 20, 2019, The Walt Disney Company acquired 21st Century Fox, and as a result, its operations were folded into Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment, Disney's own home entertainment division, where it exists today solely as a brand label.