hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michael C. Appleby
Michael Calvert Appleby OBE is a British ethologist and animal welfare scientist, especially for farm animals. He obtained a BSc in Zoology at the University of Bristol and a PhD in Animal Behaviour at King's College, Cambridge. He then spent 20 years at the Poultry Research Centre in Scotland and the University of Edinburgh researching behaviour, husbandry, and welfare of farm animals. He worked for World Animal Protection (previously WSPA) from 2005 to 2016, and is now retired.

His early work on stocking densities in poultry and the tethering of pregnant sows contributed to the body of evidence that led, eventually, to major changes in animal welfare and the way these animals are kept. Appleby helped design the Edinburgh Modified Cage, which is a furnished cage for hens, replacing battery cages to improve animal welfare.

He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2017 Birthday Honours for services to animal welfare.

Furnished cage
A furnished cage, sometimes called enriched cage, colony cage or modified cage, is a type of cage used in poultry farming for egg laying hens. Furnished cages have been designed to overcome some of the welfare concerns of battery cages (also called 'conventional' or 'traditional cages') whilst retaining their economic and husbandry advantages, and also provide some of the welfare advantages over non-cage systems. Many design features of furnished cages have been incorporated because research in animal welfare science has shown them to be of benefit to the hens.
Sokol Bashota
Sokol Bashota (born 7 March 1966) is a politician and former Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) leader in Kosovo. He served in the Assembly of Kosovo from 2004 to 2007 and was mayor of Klina from 2007 to 2017. Bashota is a member of the Democratic Party of Kosovo (PDK).

Klina
Klina (Albanian definite form: Klinë; Serbian Cyrillic: Клина) is a town and municipality located in the District of Peja of north-western Kosovo. According to the 2011 census, the town of Klina has 5,542 inhabitants, while the municipality has 38,496 inhabitants. It is located at the confluence of the river Klina into the White Drin. A symbol of Klina are the Mirusha Waterfalls. 
On 25 July 2025 a temperature of 42.5 °C (108.5 °F) was registered in Klina, the highest ever temperature registered in Kosovo.
Veronica elliptica
Veronica elliptica, synonym Hebe elliptica, is a plant of the family Plantaginaceae. It is native to New Zealand (including the Antipodean Islands and the Chatham Islands), Patagonia and the Falkland Islands. It is an evergreen, bushy shrub of 1 m or more in height, with green, oval leaves, 2–4 cm long. Flowers are white to pale mauve.

Branches from plants of Veronica elliptica on Disappointment Island, Auckland Islands, New Zealand were used by the survivors of the shipwreck of the Dundonald to build a coracle and oars which they eventually used to successfully reach Auckland Island.

Auckland Island
Auckland Island (Māori: Mauka Huka) is the main island of the eponymous uninhabited archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean. It is part of the New Zealand subantarctic area. It is inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage list together with the other New Zealand Subantarctic Islands in the region.
Alan Barblett
Alan Barblett (17 November 1929 – 18 November 2012) was an Australian field hockey player, lawyer and philanthropist. As a sportsman, Barblett competed in the men's field hockey tournament at the 1956 Summer Olympics.

Barblett graduated from the University of Western Australia with a law degree and arts degree majoring in philosophy and psychology. He joined the council of Western Australian Institute of Technology (WAIT, now Curtin University) in 1970.

Barblett Oval on the Bentley campus of the university is named in his honour.

Field hockey at the 1956 Summer Olympics
The men's field hockey tournament at the 1956 Summer Olympics was the eighth edition of the field hockey event for men at the Summer Olympics. It was contested from 23 November to 6 December, with twelve participating teams.  Only men competed in field hockey at these Games.

India won the gold medal for the sixth successive Games, not allowing a single goal against in the entire tournament.  Pakistan won the silver medal, and Germany won the bronze.
Wizards (Asimov anthology)
Wizards is an anthology of themed fantasy and science fiction short stories on the subject of wizards edited by Isaac Asimov, Martin H. Greenberg and Charles G. Waugh. The first volume in their Isaac Asimov's Magical Worlds of Fantasy series, it was first published in paperback by Signet/New American Library in October 1983. It was later gathered together with Witches, the second book in the series, into the omnibus hardcover collection Isaac Asimov's Magical Worlds of Fantasy: Witches & Wizards (1985).

The book collects ten novellas, novelettes and short stories by various fantasy and science fiction authors, with an introduction by Asimov.

Magician (fantasy)
A magician, also known as an archmage, mage, magus, magic-user, spellcaster, enchanter/enchantress, sorcerer/sorceress, warlock, witch, or wizard, is someone who uses or practices magic derived from supernatural, occult, or arcane sources.: 54  Magicians enjoy a rich history in mythology, legends, fiction, and folklore, and are common figures in works of fantasy, such as fantasy literature and role-playing games.
Mei Tung Estate
Mei Tung Estate (Chinese: 美東邨) is a public housing estate located at the south of Wong Tai Sin, Kowloon, Hong Kong opposite Kowloon Walled City Park. It consists of 2 Old Slab-typed blocks, each building is 8-storey, providing over 600 flats. Although the estate is near Kowloon City, it belongs to Wong Tai Sin District rather than Kowloon City District because it is located at the north of Tung Tau Tsuen Road (Chinese: 東頭村道), the boundary between two districts. A third block opened in 2010, and a fourth opened in 2014.

Kowloon
Kowloon (/ˌkaʊˈluːn/) is one of the three areas of Hong Kong, along with Hong Kong Island and the New Territories. It is an urban area comprising the Kowloon Peninsula and New Kowloon. It has a population of 2,019,533  and a population density of 43,033/km2 (111,450/sq mi) in 2006. It is the smallest, second most populous, and most densely populated of the divisions.
Scapulohumeral muscles
The scapulohumeral muscles are a group of seven muscles that connect the humerus to the scapula. They are amongst the muscles that act on and stabilise the glenohumeral joint in the human body.

They include :

coracobrachialis muscle

deltoid muscle

rotator cuff muscles :

infraspinatus muscle
subscapularis muscle
supraspinatus muscle
teres minor muscle

teres major muscle

Teres minor muscle
The teres minor (Latin teres meaning 'rounded') is a narrow, elongated muscle of the rotator cuff. The muscle originates from the lateral border and adjacent posterior surface of the corresponding right or left scapula and inserts at both the greater tubercle of the humerus and the posterior surface of the joint capsule.

The primary function of the teres minor is to modulate the action of the deltoid, preventing the humeral head from sliding upward as the arm is abducted. It also functions to rotate the humerus laterally. The teres minor is innervated by the axillary nerve.
Extremely Live
Extremely Live is a live album by American rapper Vanilla Ice. It was released on May 28, 1991, via SBK Records. It was recorded at Knight Center in Miami, Tupperware in Kissimmee, Auditorium in West Palm Beach, Music Hall in Cleveland, Veterans Memorial Auditorium in Columbus, Syria Mosque in Pittsburgh, and Sundome in Tampa during the To the Extreme world tour, from January to March 1991. It was produced by Gail "Sky" King, DJ Earthquake, Peter Loomis, Khayree, Kim Sharp, and Vanilla Ice.

Released in 1991, it is the rapper's second major label release, after To the Extreme. The album contains material from Van Winkle's debut album, Hooked, as well as the new songs "Rollin' in My 5.0", "Road to My Riches", "Move" and "I Like It". The album peaked at number 30 on the Billboard 200.

Rollin' in My 5.0
"Rollin' in My 5.0" is a hip hop song written by American rapper Vanilla Ice. The song samples "Fly Like an Eagle" by the Steve Miller Band. The studio version of the song was only found on the single as it was originally intended to be featured on Mind Blowin'. It is about Vanilla Ice's 5.0 Liter Fox body Ford Mustang.
Nick St. Pierre
Nicolas "Nick" St. Pierre (born March 7, 1985) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who is contracted with Tohoku Free Blades in Japan for the 2018-19 AL season. He most recently played with EC KAC of the Austrian Hockey League (EBEL). He played with HC Plzeň in the Czech Extraliga during the 2010–11 Czech Extraliga season.

After three seasons with Champions HC Plzeň, St. Pierre left for Germany, signing a one-year contract with Krefeld Pinguine of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL) on May 7, 2013.

Krefeld Pinguine
The Krefeld Pinguine (Krefeld Penguins) are an ice hockey team in the DEL2. Their home ice is in Krefeld, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany at the Yayla Arena. Founded in 1936 by entrepreneur Willi Münstermann, the pro team became a limited liability company in 1994 and joined the top tier Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL). In their history, they have won the German championship three times: 1951, 1952, and 2003.
Hunter Lovins
L. Hunter Lovins (née Sheldon, born February 26, 1950, in Middlebury, Vermont) is an American environmentalist, author, sustainable development proponent, co-founder of Rocky Mountain Institute, and president of the nonprofit organization Natural Capitalism Solutions.

Middlebury, Vermont
Middlebury is the shire town (county seat) of Addison County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,152. Middlebury is home to Middlebury College and the Henry Sheldon Museum of Vermont History and the adjacent hardware store.
The Devotion of Suspect X (film)
The Devotion of Suspect X (Chinese: 嫌疑人X的献身; pinyin: Xiányírén X de Xiànshēn) is a 2017 mystery thriller film based on the novel The Devotion of Suspect X, written by Keigo Higashino. The film is second film directed by  Alec Su, and stars Wang Kai, Zhang Luyi, and Ruby Lin. The film was released in China and in North America on March 31, 2017.

Keigo Higashino
Keigo Higashino (Japanese: 東野 圭吾, Hepburn: Higashino Keigo; born February 4, 1958) is a Japanese author chiefly known for his mystery novels. He served as the 13th President of Mystery Writers of Japan from 2009 to 2013. Higashino has won major Japanese awards for his books, almost twenty of which have been turned into films and TV series.
2012 Highland Council election
The 2012 Highland Council election took place on 3 May 2012 to elect members of Highland Council. The election used the twenty-two wards created as a result of the Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004, with each ward electing three or four Councillors using the single transferable vote system (a form of proportional representation) and 80 Councillors being elected.

The election saw Independent councillors remain the largest group, while the Scottish National Party increased their representation, replacing the Scottish Liberal Democrats in second place. The Scottish Labour Party also gained an additional seat. Following the election an administration was formed between the Scottish National Party, the Scottish Liberal Democrats and the Scottish Labour Party. This was the first time that the Independents have not had any role in the administration of the council.

Scottish Liberal Democrats
The Scottish Liberal Democrats (Scottish Gaelic: Pàrtaidh Libearalach Deamocratach na h-Alba) is a liberal, federalist political party in Scotland, part of UK Liberal Democrats. The party holds 5 of the 129 seats in the Scottish Parliament, 6 of the 57 Scottish seats in the House of Commons and 88 of 1,226 local councillors.

The Scottish Liberal Democrats is one of the three state parties within the federal Liberal Democrats, the others being the Welsh Liberal Democrats and the English Liberal Democrats. The Liberal Democrats do not contest elections in Northern Ireland.
Faith Island
The Faith Island, part of   Partridge Island Group, is a low, flat islet in south-eastern Tasmania, Australia.  The islet lies in the D'Entrecasteaux Channel between Bruny Island and the Tasmania mainland.  It contains two gravestones, concealed in the scrub in the north-east of the island.  Its neighbouring islets are named Charity and Hope and also the Arch Rock.

Gravestone
A gravestone or tombstone is a marker, usually stone, that is placed over a grave. A marker set at the head of the grave may be called a headstone. An especially old or elaborate stone slab may be called a funeral stele, stela, or slab. The use of such markers is traditional for Chinese, Jewish, Christian, and Islamic burials, as well as other traditions. In East Asia, the tomb's spirit tablet is the focus for ancestral veneration and may be removable for greater protection between rituals. Ancient grave markers typically incorporated funerary art, especially details in stone relief. With greater literacy, more markers began to include inscriptions of the deceased's name, date of birth, and date of death, often along with a personal message or prayer. The presence of a frame for photographs of the deceased is also increasingly common.
Psalm 5
Psalm 5 is the fifth psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "Give ear to my words, O LORD, consider my meditation". The Book of Psalms is part of the Ketuvim (Writings)—the third section of the Hebrew Bible—and a book of the Christian Old Testament. In Latin, it is known as "Verba mea auribus percipe Domine". The psalm is traditionally attributed  to David. It reflects how the righteous pray for deliverance not only from suffering, but also to allow themselves to serve God without distraction. The New King James Version entitles it "A Prayer for Guidance".

The psalm is a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican and other Protestant liturgies. It has been set to music by composers, such as Heinrich Schütz, Felix Mendelssohn, and Edward Elgar.

Ketuvim
The Ketuvim (/kətuːˈviːm, kəˈtuːvɪm/; Biblical Hebrew: כְּתוּבִים‎, romanized: Kǝṯuḇim, lit. 'Writings') is the third and final section of the Hebrew Bible, after the Torah ("instruction") and the Nevi'im "Prophets". In English translations of the Hebrew Bible, this section is usually titled "Writings" or "Hagiographa".

In the Ketuvim, 1–2 Chronicles form one book as do Ezra and Nehemiah which form a single unit entitled Ezra–Nehemiah. (In citations by chapter and verse, however, the Hebrew equivalents of "Nehemiah", "I Chronicles" and "II Chronicles" are used, as the system of chapter division was imported from Christian usage.) Collectively, eleven books are included in the Ketuvim.
1908 Massachusetts Senate election
Elections to the Massachusetts Senate were held on November 4, 1908, to elect 40 State Senators to the 130th Massachusetts General Court. Candidates were elected at the district level, with many districts covering multiple towns or counties.

Massachusetts Senate
The Massachusetts Senate is the upper house of the Massachusetts General Court, the bicameral state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Senate comprises 40 elected members from 40 single-member senatorial districts in the state. All but one of the districts are named for the counties in which they are located (the "Cape and Islands" district covers Dukes, Nantucket, and parts of Barnstable counties). Senators serve two-year terms, without term limits. The Senate convenes in the Massachusetts State House in Boston, the state capital.
Weingart
Weingart is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ben Weingart (1888–1980), US real estate developer and philanthropist

Steve Weingart (born 1966), US musician

Peter Weingart  (born 1941), German sociology professor

Wolfgang Weingart (1941–2021), German graphic designer

Wolfgang Weingart
Wolfgang Weingart (6 February 1941 – 12 July 2021) was an internationally known graphic designer and typographer. His work was categorized as Swiss typography and he was credited as "the father" of New Wave or Swiss Punk typography.
Des Moines Rocket
The Des Moines Rocket was a named passenger train of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad. It in initially ran between Chicago, Illinois and Des Moines, Iowa. The service was named in honor of the new lightweight, streamlined diesel-electric trains introduced in 1937. Service was suspended on August 21, 1960, in defiance of the Interstate Commerce Commission's orders to keep it running. Passenger extras were run between Davenport and Des Moines until the following year when an eastbound Golden State was offered as a replacement (without a westbound counterpart).

Interstate Commerce Commission
The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) was a regulatory agency in the United States created by the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887. The agency's original purpose was to regulate railroads (and later trucking) to ensure fair rates, to eliminate rate discrimination, and to regulate other aspects of common carriers, including interstate bus lines and telephone companies. Beginning in 1906, Congress expanded the ICC's authority to regulate other modes of commerce. The Commission's five members were appointed by the president with the consent of the United States Senate. This was the first independent agency (or so-called Fourth Branch).

Over the course of the latter half of the 20th century, Congress took away many of the ICC's powers and reassigned them to other federal agencies. Congress eventually abolished the ICC in 1995 and transferred its remaining functions to a new agency, the Surface Transportation Board.
Commutativity of conjunction
In propositional logic, the commutativity of conjunction is a valid argument form and truth-functional tautology. It is considered to be a law of classical logic. It is the principle that the conjuncts of a logical conjunction may switch places with each other, while preserving the truth-value of the resulting proposition.

Truth value
In logic and mathematics, a truth value, sometimes called a logical value, is a value indicating the relation of a proposition to truth, which in classical logic has only two possible values (true or false). Truth values are used in computing as well as various types of logic.
Honoré Petit
Honoré Petit (January 26, 1847 – December 1, 1922) was a farmer, lumberman and political figure in Quebec. He represented Chicoutimi-Saguenay from 1892 to 1912 as a Conservative and Chicoutimi from 1912 to 1919 as a Liberal in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.

He was born in Cap-Santé, Canada East, the son of Jean-Baptiste Petit and Marguerite Doré, and was educated at Cap-Santé, Neuville and Lévis. He worked for the Price lumber company for 26 years. Petit was mayor of Sainte-Anne-de-Chicoutimi and warden for Chicoutimi County. He was defeated by Onésime Côté when he ran for a seat in the Quebec assembly in 1890. Petit was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1919. He died three years later in Chicoutimi at the age of 74.

Conservative Party of Quebec (historical)
The Conservative Party of Quebec (French: Parti conservateur du Québec) was a political party in Quebec, Canada, from 1867 until 1936, when it merged with members of the Action libérale nationale to form the Union Nationale.
Sakya Monastery
Sakya Monastery (Tibetan: ས་སྐྱ་དགོན་པ།, Wylie: sa skya dgon pa), also known as Pel Sakya (Tibetan: དཔལ་ས་སྐྱ།, Wylie: dpal sa skya; "White Earth" or "Pale Earth"), is a Buddhist monastery situated in Sa'gya Town (ས་སྐྱ་), Sa'gya County, about 127 kilometres (79 mi) west of Shigatse in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China. The monastery is considered the seat of the Sakya (or Sakyapa) school of Tibetan Buddhism.

Sakya Trizin
Sakya Trizin (Tibetan: ས་སྐྱ་ཁྲི་འཛིན།, Wylie: sa skya khri 'dzin "Sakya Throne-Holder") is the traditional title of the head of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism.

The Sakya school was founded in 1073 CE, when Khön Könchog Gyalpo (Tibetan: འཁོན་དཀོན་མཆོག་རྒྱལ་པོ།, Wylie: 'khon dkon mchog rgyal po; 1034–1102), a member of Tibet's noble Khön family, established a monastery in the region of Sakya, Tibet, which became the headquarters of the Sakya order. Since that time, its leadership has descended within the Khön family.

The 41st Sakya Trizin, whose reign spanned more than fifty years, was the longest reigning Sakya Trizin.  The current Sakya Trizin is Gyana Vajra Rinpoche, officially known as Kyabgon Gongma Trizin Rinpoche, the 43rd Sakya Trizin Gyana Vajra Rinpoche.
Zala (river)
The Zala is a river in south-western Hungary. Its source is in the hills northwest of Szalafő near the borders with Austria and Slovenia. The 139 kilometres (86 mi) long Zala drains an area of 2,622 km2 (1,012 sq mi). Several smaller rivers feed into it, including the Felső-Válicka, Szentmihályfalvai patak (brook), Szévíz csatorna (channel), Foglár csatorna on the right bank, and Szentjakabi patak, Sárvíz (Zala) patak, Széplaki patak, Csörgető patak and Nádas patak on the left bank. It flows through the city of Zalaegerszeg before flowing into Lake Balaton near Keszthely. The River Zala flows through the Hungarian counties of Vas and Zala.

Szalafő
Szalafő (Slovene: Sola or Glava Zale) is a village in Vas county, Hungary. It lies near the borders with Austria and Slovenia and close to the source of the Zala River, which is located in the hills northwest of the village.
Andreas Walsperger
Andreas Walsperger (born c. 1415 in Radkersburg; date of death unknown) was a German cartographer of the 15th century. The son of a carpenter, he became a Benedictine monk at St. Peter's in Salzburg in 1434. He left the monastery in 1442. Little more is known about him except that in 1448/9 he created his map in Konstanz.

Konstanz
Konstanz (/ˈkɒnstənts/ KON-stənts, US also /ˈkɔːnstɑːnts/ KAWN-stahnts, German: [ˈkɔnʃtants] ⓘ or [ˈkɔnstants] ⓘ, Alemannic German: [ˈkoʃd̥əts, ˈxoʃd̥əts]), traditionally known as Constance in English, is a university city with approximately 83,000 inhabitants located at the western end of Upper Lake Constance in the Baden-Württemberg state of south Germany. The city houses the University of Konstanz and was the residence of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Konstanz for more than 1,200 years.
Petit-Clamart attack
The Petit-Clamart attack, also referred to by its perpetrators as Operation Charlotte Corday after Charlotte Corday, was an assassination attempt organized by Lieutenant-Colonel Jean Bastien-Thiry with the Organisation armée secrète (OAS) that aimed to kill Charles de Gaulle, president of France at the time. The attack was carried out on 22 August 1962.

No one was killed and one person, who was caught in the crossfire, was injured during the attack, which was followed by an intensive investigation led by French authorities. The manhunt ended with almost all participants being caught within a few months. Bastien-Thiry was brought before a military court where he justified his act by claiming that de Gaulle was a tyrant. Bastien-Thiry was sentenced to death and executed by firing squad in the spring of 1963, and remains the last person to be executed by firing squad in France.

Georges Bidault
Georges-Augustin Bidault (French: [ʒɔʁʒ bido]; 5 October 1899 – 27 January 1983) was a French politician. During World War II, he was active in the French Resistance. After the war, he served as foreign minister and premier on several occasions. He apparently joined the Organisation armée secrète; however he always denied his involvement.