hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gutenberg Glacier
Gutenberg Glacier (81°58′S 158°32′E﻿ / ﻿81.967°S 158.533°E﻿ / -81.967; 158.533) is a glacier 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi) long in the northern Holyoake Range of the Churchill Mountains of Antarctica. It flows northwest between Mount Hubble and Mount Richter to enter Starshot Glacier. The glacier was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after German-born seismologist Beno Gutenberg, director of the California Institute of Technology seismology laboratory in the 1930s, and collaborator with Charles F. Richter in developing the Richter Scale, 1935, used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes.

Charles Richter
Charles Francis Richter (/ˈrɪktər/; April 26, 1900 – September 30, 1985) was an American seismologist and physicist. He is the namesake and one of the creators of the Richter scale, which, until the development of the moment magnitude scale in 1979, was widely used to quantify the size of earthquakes. Inspired by Kiyoo Wadati's 1928 paper on shallow and deep earthquakes, Richter first used the scale in 1935 after developing it in collaboration with Beno Gutenberg; both worked at the California Institute of Technology.
Modes of convergence (annotated index)
The purpose of this article is to serve as an annotated index of various modes of convergence and their logical relationships.  For an expository article, see Modes of convergence.  Simple logical relationships between different modes of convergence are indicated (e.g., if one implies another), formulaically rather than in prose for quick reference, and indepth descriptions and discussions are reserved for their respective articles.

Guide to this index.  To avoid excessive verbiage, note that each of the following types of objects is a special case of types preceding it: sets, topological spaces, uniform spaces, topological abelian groups (TAG), normed vector spaces, Euclidean spaces, and the real/complex numbers.  Also note that any metric space is a uniform space.  Finally,  subheadings will always indicate special cases of their super headings.

The following is a list of modes of convergence for:

Set (mathematics)
In mathematics, a set is a collection of different things; the things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects: numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, geometric shapes, variables, or other sets.  A set may be finite or infinite. There is a unique set with no elements, called the empty set; a set with a single element is a singleton.

Mathematics typically does not define precisely what constitutes a "set" or "collection", because such a definition would have to be in terms of something else previously defined.  Instead, sets serve as foundational objects whose behavior is described by axioms modeled on intuition about collections, and then essentially all other mathematical objects are rigorously defined in terms of sets.

Set theory studies possible axiom systems and their consequences.
Since the first half of the 20th century, ZFC (Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice) has been the axiom system most commonly used.
Openbucks
Openbucks is an alternative payment gateway founded in 2010 and based in Silicon Valley. It enables online merchants to accept cash and retailer gift cards as a form of payment. Consumers can redeem, like cash, the branded gift cards of major U.S. and Canadian retailers directly at a merchant’s checkout as an alternative to credit card payments. The company participated in TechCrunch Disrupt in 2011 to showcase its payment platform.

Openbucks was acquired by payment processor Paysafe Group in July 2020 for an undisclosed amount of money.

TechCrunch
TechCrunch is an American global online newspaper focusing on topics regarding high-tech and startup companies. It was founded in June 2005 by Archimedes Ventures, led by partners Michael Arrington and Keith Teare. In 2010, AOL acquired the company for approximately $25 million. Following the 2015 acquisition of AOL and Yahoo! by Verizon, the site was owned by Verizon Media from 2015 through 2021.

In 2021, Verizon sold its media assets, including AOL, Yahoo!, and TechCrunch, to the private equity firm Apollo Global Management. Apollo integrated them into a new entity called Yahoo! Inc. In addition to its news reporting, TechCrunch is also known for its annual Disrupt conference, a technology event hosted in several cities across the United States, Europe, and China.
Pyrrhia purpurina
Pyrrhia purpurina is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found from the warm areas of eastern Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and further into eastern Europe, up to Ukraine.

The wingspan is 27–35 mm. Adults are on wing in May.

The larvae feed on Dictamnus albus.

Dictamnus albus
Dictamnus albus is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae. It is also known as burning bush, dittany, gas plant or fraxinella. This herbaceous perennial has several geographical variants.
It is native to warm, open woodland habitats in southern Europe, north Africa and much of Asia.
Dublin–Belfast corridor
The Dublin–Belfast corridor (population 3.3 million) is a term used to loosely describe a geographical area that encompasses the Republic of Ireland's capital city, Dublin, and Northern Ireland's capital city, Belfast. It also includes the smaller cities of Lisburn and Newry; major towns such as Drogheda and Dundalk; and the Dublin satellite suburb of Swords. The term has been used in papers regarding planning strategies in the area, with the aim of capitalising on the expanding economies of both cities. Since the implementation of Brexit, the corridor exists inside the European Union on its Republic of Ireland side, and outside the European Union on its Northern Ireland side, but there is no so-called "hard border" between the two states.

Lisburn
Lisburn (/ˈlɪzbɜːrn, ˈlɪsbɜːrn/ LIZ-burn, LISS-burn; Irish: Lios na gCearrbhach [ˌl̠ʲɪsˠ n̪ˠə ˈɟaːɾˠ(ə)wəx] ⓘ) is a city in Northern Ireland. It is 8 mi (13 km) southwest of Belfast city centre, on the River Lagan, which forms the boundary between County Antrim and County Down. First laid out in the 17th century by English and Welsh settlers, with the arrival of French Huguenots in the 18th century, the town developed as a global centre of the linen industry.

In 2002, as part of Queen Elizabeth's Golden Jubilee celebrations, the predominantly unionist borough was granted city status alongside the largely nationalist town of Newry. With a population of 45,370 in the 2011 Census, Lisburn was the third-largest city in Northern Ireland. In the 2016 reform of local government in Northern Ireland Lisburn was joined with the greater part of Castlereagh to form the Lisburn City and Castlereagh District.
Matt Hill (writer)
Matt Hill (born 1984) is an English science fiction and horror writer from Tameside in Manchester, England. He also writes using the pen name M. T. Hill. Hill received a degree in journalism at Cardiff University and currently lives in London where he writes and freelances as a copywriter. He has written five novels and several short stories. Hill's novels The Folded Man and Graft were finalist for the 2014 Dundee International Book Prize, and the 2017 Philip K. Dick Award, respectively.

Hill's novels portrays a dystopian and decaying England set in the near future. British speculative fiction author Nina Allan called Hill "one of the most innovative and outspoken new writers of British science fiction currently on the scene."

Copywriting
Copywriting is the act or occupation of writing text for the purpose of advertising or other forms of marketing. Copywriting is aimed at selling products or services. The product, called copy or sales copy, is written content that aims to increase brand awareness and ultimately persuade a person or group to take a particular action.

Copywriters help to create billboards, brochures, catalogs, jingle lyrics, magazine and newspaper advertisements, sales letters and other direct mail, scripts for television or radio commercials, taglines, white papers, website and social media posts, pay-per-click, and other marketing communications. Copywriters aim to cater to the target audience's expectations while keeping the content and copy fresh, relevant, and effective.
Hastings (Province of Canada electoral district)
Hastings was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of the Province of Canada, in Canada West (now Ontario).  Based on Hastings County, it fronted on the Bay of Quinte on Lake Ontario and extended north. It was created in 1841, upon the establishment of the Province of Canada by the union of Upper Canada and Lower Canada.

Hastings electoral district  was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly.  It was abolished in 1867, upon the creation of Canada and the province of Ontario.

Office of profit
An office of profit means a position that brings to the person holding it some financial gain, or advantage, or benefit. It may be an office or place of profit if it carries some remuneration, financial advantage, benefit etc.

It is a term used in a number of national constitutions to refer to executive appointments. A number of countries forbid members of the legislature from accepting an office of profit under the executive as a means to secure the independence of the legislature and preserve the separation of powers.
Todo con Nada
Todo con Nada (also known as NADA) was an Obie Award winning Off-Off-Broadway theatre company, founded in 1988 by Aaron Beall, Tim Carryer, and Babs Bailey in a small storefront on Ludlow Street in New York City's East Village. After twelve years of continuous operation, the theatre permanently shuttered in 2000.

Kirk Wood Bromley
Kirk Wood Bromley (born January 12, 1966) is a playwright and musician who lives in Brooklyn, NY, and southern Arizona. Frequently likened to a contemporary Shakespeare, he is one of the only living playwrights whose body of work is dedicated entirely to the creation of new verse plays. He and his company, Inverse Theater, which he co-founded with Chad Gracia (Director of The Russian Woodpecker) and of which he is the artistic director, have produced over 15 of his plays on stage and as audiobook, won numerous awards, and been positively reviewed in various media outlets. As a musician, he is the songwriter, lead vocalist and multi-instrumentalist for The Good Hard.
Wildlife of Sweden
Located in the Scandinavian Peninsula, Sweden is a mountainous country dominated by lakes and forests. Its habitats include mountain heath, montane forests, tundra, taiga, beech forests, rivers, lakes, bogs, brackish and marine coastal ecosystems, and cultivated land. The climate of Sweden is mild for a country at this latitude, largely owing to the significant maritime influence.

Gulf of Bothnia
The Gulf of Bothnia (/ˈbɒθniə/, Swedish: Bottniska viken, Finnish and Meänkieli: Pohjanlahti) is the northernmost arm of the Baltic Sea, between Finland's west coast (Ostrobothnia (East Bothnia)) and the northern part of Sweden's east coast (Västerbotten (Westrobothnia, West Bothnia) and Norrbotten (North Bothnia)). It is divided into the Bothnian Bay, the (North) Kvarken and the Bothnian Sea. In the south of the gulf lies Åland, between the Sea of Åland and the Archipelago Sea.
2-Methylimidazole
2-Methylimidazole is an organic compound that is structurally related to imidazole with the chemical formula CH3C3H2N2H. It is a white or colorless solid that is highly soluble in polar organic solvents and water. It is a precursor to a range of drugs and is a ligand in coordination chemistry.

Coordination complex
A coordination complex is a chemical compound consisting of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents.  Many metal-containing compounds, especially those that include transition metals (elements like titanium that belong to the periodic table's d-block), are coordination complexes.
MS Rhapsody (cruiseferry)
MS Rhapsody, is an Italian cruiseferry operated by Grandi Navi Veloci. She was built at Chantiers de l'Atlantique in Saint-Nazaire, France for the French ferry operator SNCM as Napoleon Bonaparte. In 1996, she was put on the Marseille–Corsica route, replacing the old ferry Napoleon which was moved to the Marseille–Algeria–Tunisia route. On October 27, 2012, the ship broke its moorings in the port of Marseille due to strong winds, violently struck the dock, and sank in the harbour. Due to its financial difficulties, SNCM was unable to repair the ferry, and sold it to the Italian shipowner MSC in 2014. Refloated, the ship was renamed Rhapsody and transferred to Grandi Navi Veloci to sail first between Italy and Albania, and then from 2017 on the Genoa-Porto Torres route.

Mooring
A mooring is any permanent structure to which a seaborne vessel (such as a boat, ship, or amphibious aircraft) may be secured. Examples include quays, wharfs, jetties, piers, anchor buoys, and mooring buoys. A ship is secured to a mooring to forestall free movement of the ship on the water. An anchor mooring fixes a vessel's position relative to a point on the bottom of a waterway without connecting the vessel to shore. As a verb, mooring refers to the act of attaching a vessel to a mooring.

The term likely stems from the Dutch verb meren (to moor), used in English since the end of the 15th century.
University of Los Lagos
The University of Los Lagos (Spanish: Universidad de Los Lagos) is a university in Chile. It is a derivative university part of the Chilean Traditional Universities. It currently operates various campuses: the main campus in Osorno, and others in Ancud, Castro and Puerto Montt.

Ancud
Ancud (Spanish pronunciation: [aŋˈkuð]) is a city in southern Chile located in the northernmost part of the island and province of Chiloé, in Los Lagos Region. It is the second largest city of Chiloé Archipelago after Castro. The city was established in 1768 to function as the capital of the archipelago and held that position until 1982. Founded as bulwark against foreign powers in colonial times, the city played an important role in the Chilean colonization of Patagonia in the 19th century.
AvrPphB SUSCEPTIBLE 1
AvrPphB SUSCEPTIBLE 1/PBS1 is a protein kinase acting upon serine and threonine. It is a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase, of Subfamily VII. It is the guardee of RESISTANCE TO PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE 5/RPS5. PBS1 is cleaved by an effector, AvrPphB, used by Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, serving as an immunological decoy to signal RPS5 that an attack is underway as reviewed by Kourelis et al. 2016.

Serine
Serine
/ˈsɪəriːn/
(symbol Ser or S) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH+3 form under biological conditions), a carboxyl group (which is in the deprotonated −COO− form under biological conditions), and a side chain consisting of a hydroxymethyl group, classifying it as a polar amino acid. It can be synthesized in the human body under normal physiological circumstances, making it a nonessential amino acid. It is encoded by the codons UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG, AGU and AGC.
Ben Kaye
Ben Kaye (born 19 December 1988) is an English rugby league footballer who last played as a hooker for the Batley Bulldogs in the Championship.

He played for the Leeds Rhinos and Harlequins RL in the Super League, and for Featherstone Rovers and Halifax in the Championship.

Halifax Panthers
The Halifax Panthers are a professional rugby league club in Halifax, West Yorkshire, England. They play home games at The Shay and compete in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

Halifax Panthers won the League Championship four times and the Challenge Cup five times.

The club's parent company, Halifax Rugby League Football Club Limited, was placed into liquidation in February 2026 and the club's membership of the Rugby Football League terminated two days later.

They had rivalries with neighbours Bradford and Huddersfield of Super League, fellow Championship side Featherstone Rovers, and Pennines rivals Oldham and  Rochdale. The club's traditional home colours were blue and white hoops, white shorts, and blue and white socks.
Volkswacht am Bodensee
Volkswacht am Bodensee was a newspaper published from Romanshorn, Switzerland 1909-1934. Volkswacht was founded by Dr. Adolf Deucher. It functioned as a Free Democratic Party organ. The newspaper was edited by Enrico Tung. As of the late 1920s, it had a circulation of 1,600 copies.

Adolf Deucher
Adolf Deucher (15 February 1831 – 10 July 1912) was a Swiss politician who served as a federal councillor from 1883 to 1912, and a two-time member of the Swiss National Council. Pursuing centralist policies in a very federalist country, he was a main promoter of the 1868 revision of the Swiss constitution.

As a federal councillor, he improved conditions for workers (banning phosphorus in the match industry in 1898, revision of the factory law). He was also the guiding force behind the first national law on agriculture.
Donetsk Oblast Council
The Donetsk Oblast Council (Ukrainian: Донецька обласна рада; Russian: Донецкий областной совет) is the regional oblast council (parliament) of the Donetsk Oblast (province) located in eastern Ukraine.

In Ukraine Oblast Council members are elected for five year terms. In order to gain representation in the council, a party must gain more than 5 percent of the total vote.

Following the 2014 start of the War in Donbass elections for the Donetsk Oblast Council have not been held and their functions are currently being performed by a civil–military administration.

The Oblast Council was unilaterally proclaimed to have been disbanded by the Donetsk People's Republic authorities and replaced by the People's Council in 2014, although the Oblast Council still operates de jure as the oblast's parliament in Ukraine.

People's Council of the Donetsk People's Republic
The People's Council (Russian: Народный Совет, romanized: Narodny Sovet), formerly the Supreme Council (Russian: Высший Совет, romanized: Vysshy Sovet), is the regional parliament of the Donetsk People's Republic, a disputed entity annexed as a federal subject by Russia from Ukraine in 2022 during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Xunfenggang station
Xunfenggang Station (simplified Chinese: 浔峰岗站; traditional Chinese: 潯峰崗站; pinyin: Xúnfēnggǎng Zhàn; Cantonese Yale: Chàhmfūnggōng Jaahm) is an interchange station between Line 6 and Line 12 of the Guangzhou Metro, and serves as the western terminus for both lines. The Line 6 station started operations on 28 December 2013. It is located at the south of the area of Xunfenggang (浔峰岗), A1 Road, Jinshazhou, Baiyun District. The terminus approaches near Lishui, Nanhai District, Foshan, which is just over the hill next to the station. Line 12 opened at this station on 29 June 2025, thus becoming an interchange station.

Yale romanization of Cantonese
The Yale romanization of Cantonese was developed by Yale scholar Gerard P. Kok for his and Parker Po-fei Huang's textbook Speak Cantonese initially circulated in looseleaf form in 1952 but later published in 1958. Unlike the Yale romanization of Mandarin, it is still widely used in books and dictionaries, especially for foreign learners of Cantonese. It shares some similarities with Hanyu Pinyin in that unvoiced, unaspirated consonants are represented by letters traditionally used in English and most other European languages to represent voiced sounds. For example, [p] is represented as b in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, [pʰ] is represented as p. Students attending the Chinese University of Hong Kong's New-Asia Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center are taught using Yale romanization.

Some enthusiasts employ Yale romanisation to explore writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language.
Gangster Tripping
"Gangster Tripping" (released as a single under the name "Gangster Trippin", which is also the title of the clean version that censors profanity) is a song by British big beat musician Fatboy Slim. It was released on 5 October 1998 as the second single from his second studio album, You've Come a Long Way, Baby (1998).

Big beat
Big beat is an electronic music genre that usually uses heavy breakbeats and synthesizer-generated loops and patterns –  common to acid house/techno. The term has been used by the British music industry to describe music by artists such as the Chemical Brothers, Fatboy Slim, the Crystal Method, Propellerheads, and Groove Armada.

Big beat achieved mainstream success during the 1990s, and achieved its critical and commercial peak between 1995 and 1999, with releases such as the Chemical Brothers’ Dig Your Own Hole, and Fatboy Slim's You've Come a Long Way, Baby, before quickly declining from 2001 onwards.
When the Moon Was Full
When the Moon Was Full (Persian: شبی‌ که ماه کامل شد) is a 2019 Iranian drama film written and directed by Narges Abyar. The film is based on the true story of the brother and sister-in-law of Abdolmalek Rigi, the former leader of the Jundallah terrorist group in the Iran's southeastern province of Sistan and Baluchestan. It won multiple awards including the Crystal Simorgh for Best Film at the 37th Fajr Film Festival.

Elnaz Shakerdoost
Elnaz Shakerdoost (Persian: الناز شاکردوست; born July 7, 1984) is an Iranian former actress. She studied at the Faculty of Architecture at the University of Tehran while pursuing acting in theater. She received a nomination for the Crystal Simorgh for Best Actress at the Fajr Film Festival for her role in When the Wind Blows Through the Meadow in 2007 and won the Best Actress award at the Hafez Awards for her performance in Mubarak in 2016. Shakerdoost also won the Crystal Simorgh for Best Actress for her role in When the Moon Was Full in 2018 and was nominated for the same award for Pinto, both directed by Narges Abyar.
Psilocybe baeocystis
Psilocybe baeocystis is a psilocybin mushroom of the family Hymenogastraceae. It contains the hallucinogenic compounds psilocybin, psilocin and baeocystin.
The species is commonly known by various names such as bottle caps, knobby tops, blue bells, olive caps, blue Meanies.

Cystidium
A cystidium (pl.: cystidia) is a relatively large cell found on the sporocarp of a basidiomycete (for example, on the surface of a mushroom gill), often between clusters of basidia. Since cystidia have highly varied and distinct shapes that are often unique to a particular species or genus, they are a useful micromorphological characteristic in the identification of basidiomycetes. In general, the adaptive significance of cystidia is not well understood.
Railroad Development Corporation
The Railroad Development Corporation is an American railroad holding company based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It operates several short line railroads outside the United States and acts as an investor, with management and institutional investors as partners. It was founded in 1987 by former Conrail employee Henry Posner III.

Hamburg Hauptbahnhof
Hamburg Hauptbahnhof (abbrev. Hamburg Hbf), or Hamburg Central Railway Station in English, is the main railway station of the city of Hamburg, Germany. Opened in 1906 to replace four separate terminal stations, today Hamburg Hauptbahnhof is operated by DB Station&Service AG. With an average of 550,000 passengers a day, it is Germany's busiest railway station and the second-busiest in Europe after the Gare du Nord in Paris. It is classed by Deutsche Bahn as a category 1 railway station.

The station is a through station with island platforms and is one of Germany's major transportation hubs, connecting long-distance Intercity Express routes to the city's U-Bahn and S-Bahn rapid transit networks. It is centrally located in Hamburg in the Hamburg-Mitte borough. The Wandelhalle shopping centre occupies the north side of the station building.