hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cloudburst
A cloudburst is a large amount of precipitation in a very short period of time, sometimes accompanied by hail and thunder. Cloudbursts can dump enormous amounts of water in less than 5 minutes; for example - 25 mm of precipitation falling on one square kilometre, corresponding to 25,000 metric tons of water. This readily generates flood conditions.

Cloudbursts are infrequent as they occur only via orographic lift or occasionally when a warm air parcel mixes with cooler air, resulting in sudden condensation. At times, a large amount of runoff from higher elevations is mistakenly conflated with a cloudburst. The term "cloudburst" arose from the notion that clouds were akin to water balloons and could burst, resulting in rapid precipitation. Though this idea has since been disproven, the term remains in use.

Condensation
Condensation is    the change of the state of matter from the gas phase into the liquid phase, and is the reverse of vaporization. The word most often refers to the water cycle. It can also be defined as the change in the state of water vapor to liquid water when in contact with a liquid or solid surface or cloud condensation nuclei within the atmosphere. When the transition happens from the gaseous phase into the solid phase directly, the change is called deposition. Condensation is usually associated with water.
Chavagnes International College
Chavagnes International College is an independent Catholic secondary school for boys, located in Chavagnes-en-Paillers, France.  Founded in 1802 by Louis-Marie Baudouin the school was re-fashioned an "international college" in 2002.  The school's language of instruction is English, and it prepares pupils for British GCSEs and A-levels, with the French Brevet and Baccalauréat as options.

The College claims to be a traditional English school in France. Although pupils come from Britain and other English-speaking countries there are also more and more pupils from France. In this international environment, modern languages are particularly strong, with many boys taking GCSE languages (French, German, Spanish, English) one or two years early. Older boys often speak several languages fluently.

Medium of instruction
A medium of instruction (plural: media of instruction, or mediums of instruction) is a language used in teaching. It may or may not be the official language of the country or territory. If the first language of students is different from the official language, it may be used as the medium of instruction for part or all of schooling. Bilingual education or multilingual education may involve the use of more than one language of instruction. UNESCO considers that "providing education in a child's mother tongue is indeed a critical issue". In post-secondary, university and special education settings, content may often be taught in a language that is not spoken in the students' homes. This is referred to as content based learning or content and language integrated learning (CLIL). In situations where the medium of instruction of academic disciplines is English when it is not the students' first language, the phenomenon is referred to as English-medium instruction (EMI).
Deister (horse)
Deister (10 February 1971 – 27 August 2000) was a Hanoverian horse ridden by Paul Schockemöhle and Hartwig Steenken. He won many top international competitions in the sport of show jumping. He was three times European Champion. He stood 16.3½ hh (171 cm).

Hand (unit)
The hand is a non-SI unit of measurement of length standardized to 4 in (101.6 mm). It is used to measure the height of horses in many English-speaking countries, including Australia, Canada, Ireland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It was originally based on the breadth of a human hand.  The adoption of the international inch in 1959 allowed for a standardized imperial form and a metric conversion. It may be abbreviated to "h" or "hh".  Although measurements between whole hands are usually expressed in what appears to be decimal format, the subdivision of the hand is not decimal but is in base 4, so subdivisions after the radix point are in quarters of a hand, which are inches. Thus, 62 inches is fifteen and a half hands, or 15.2 hh (normally said as "fifteen-two", or occasionally in full as "fifteen hands two inches").
Eremophila tetraptera
Eremophila tetraptera is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to Queensland. It is a shrub or small tree with narrow, lance-shaped leaves often crowded on short side branches, red flowers and unusual four-winged fruits resembling those of hop bushes.

Dodonaea
Dodonaea, commonly known as hop-bushes, is a genus of about 70 species of flowering plants in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions of Africa, the Americas, southern Asia and Australasia, but 59 species are endemic to Australia.

Plants in the genus Dodonaea are shrubs or small trees and often have sticky foliage, with simple or pinnate leaves arranged alternately along the stems. The flowers are male, female or bisexual and are borne in leaf axils or on the ends of branchlets and lack petals. The fruit is an angled or winged capsule.
2021 Kebbi kidnapping
June 17, 2021 at just 10:00am over 80 students and staff were kidnapped at the Federal Government College Birnin Yauri, located in Kebbi, Nigeria. The van used in the crime scene to travel the students under kidnapping belonged to a former judge. A policeman at the school securing was killed, An estimate of 80 students and 5 teachers were initially abducted.

Nigeria Police Force
The Nigeria Police Force is the principal law enforcement and the lead security agency in Nigeria. It was designated by the 1999 constitution as the national police of Nigeria, with exclusive jurisdiction throughout the country. As at 2021, it had a staff strength of about 371,800. There are currently plans to increase the force to 650,000, adding 280,000 new recruits to the existing 370,000. The Nigeria Police Force is a very large organisation consisting of 36 State commands and Federal Capital Territory (FCT) grouped into 17 zones and 8 administrative organs. As of February 2026, the NPF is headed by IGP (Inspector General) Tunji Disu. In 2020, it underwent major overhauls.
Azerbaijan at the Olympics
Azerbaijan first participated at the Olympic Games as an independent nation in 1996, and has sent athletes to compete in every Games since then. Previously, Azerbaijani athletes competed as part of the Soviet Union at the Olympics from 1952 to 1988, and after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Azerbaijan was part of the Unified Team in 1992. Azerbaijani athletes have won a total of 56 medals at the Summer Olympic Games. The nation has not won any medals at the Winter Olympic Games. The National Olympic Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan was created in 1992 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1993.

In 2016, Azerbaijan became one of only two nations (the other being Great Britain, also between 2000 and 2016) ever to increase the number of medals achieved in five consecutive Games. Azerbaijan is particularly strong in combative sports, with 40 of their 45 medals being awarded in Wrestling, Boxing, Judo and Taekwondo.

Unified Team at the Olympics
The Unified Team (Russian: Объединённая команда) was the name used for the sports team of the former Soviet Union 
(except the Baltic states) at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville and the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. The IOC country code was EUN, after the French name, Équipe unifiée (French: [ekip ynifje]). The Unified Team was sometimes informally called the CIS Team (Commonwealth of Independent States, as a counterpart of CIS national football team taking part in Euro 1992 of the same year), although Georgia did not join the CIS until 1993.

The team finished second in the medal table at the 1992 Winter Games, and first at the 1992 Summer Games, edging its old rival the US in the latter.
Lintz Green railway station
Lintz Green Railway Station was on the Derwent Valley Railway Branch of the North Eastern Railway near Consett, County Durham, England. The railway station opened with the rest of the line on 2 December 1867 and closed to passengers on the 2 November 1953. The line closed completely in 1963 and was dismantled  with the station site becoming part of the Derwent Walk Country Park.

The hamlet of Lintz Green is roughly half a mile south of the station site, and the small village of Lintzford is by the River Derwent about a half-mile to the north.

The station was infamous at the time for the unsolved 1911 murder of its stationmaster.

Consett
Consett is a town in the County Durham district, in the ceremonial county of Durham, England, about 14 miles (23 km) south-west of Newcastle upon Tyne. It had a population of 27,394 in 2001 and an estimate of 25,812 in 2019.
2020 Multishow Brazilian Music Awards
The 2020 Multishow Brazilian Music Awards (Portuguese: Prêmio Multishow de Música Brasileira 2020) (or simply 2020 Multishow Awards) (Portuguese: Prêmio Multishow 2020) was held on 11 November 2020, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Singer Iza and television presenters Paulo Gustavo and Tatá Werneck hosted the show. The performances were filmed at various locations across Brazil due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Anitta led the nominations with four.

Paulo Gustavo
Paulo Gustavo Amaral Monteiro de Barros (30 October 1978 – 4 May 2021), commonly known as Paulo Gustavo, was a Brazilian actor, comedian, director, screenwriter, and presenter.

He became known for the play Minha Mãe é uma Peça, which, in 2013, became a feature film. It became the most watched film of the year in Brazil, and in 2015, it was published as a book by the publisher Objetiva. Due to the huge success of critics and audiences, it was followed by two sequels, Minha Mãe é uma Peça 2 in 2016, and Minha Mãe é uma Peça 3 in 2019.

Nominated for the Shell Award for Best Actor, Paulo Gustavo graduated from the Casa das Artes de Laranjeiras (CAL) in early 2005, together with Fábio Porchat, Marcus Majella, among others.
Greg Willott
Greg Richard Willott (born 13 June 1980) is an English cricketer.  Willott is a left-handed batsman who bowls left-arm fast-medium.  He was born in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire.

Willott made his debut for Staffordshire in the 1999 Minor Counties Championship against Cumberland.  Willott has played Minor counties cricket for Staffordshire from 1999 to present, which has included 29 Minor Counties Championship matches and 26 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. In 2001, he made his List A debut against the Worcestershire Cricket Board in the Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy.  He played a further List A match against Surrey in the 2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy. In his 2 List A matches, he took 3 wickets at an average of 22.66, with best figures of 2/47.

Staffordshire County Cricket Club
Staffordshire County Cricket Club is one of twenty national county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Staffordshire. The team is currently a member of the National Counties Championship Eastern Division and plays in the NCCA Knockout Trophy. Staffordshire played List A matches occasionally from 1971 until 2005 but is not classified as a List A team per se.
Pieter Huistra
Pieter Egge Huistra (born 18 January 1967) is a Dutch football coach and former player. He played for the Scottish Premier Division club Rangers from 1990 to 1995. He left there to play for Sanfrecce Hiroshima in the J. League. In 2001, he began coaching as the head coach for Jong Groningen. He was with them for four years before being named assistant coach to Aad de Mos at SBV Vitesse. He then became an assistant coach with Ajax and was named as their reserve team head coach on 24 April 2009. He then returned to Groningen, this time as the head coach of senior team, for the 2010–11 season. On 30 May 2012, he then became the head coach of the Eerste Divisie club De Graafschap. On 3 December 2014, he was appointed as the technical director of the Indonesia national team.

Belgian Cup
The Belgian Cup (French: Coupe de Belgique; Dutch: Beker van België; German: Belgischer Fußballpokal) is the main knockout football competition in Belgium, run by the Royal Belgian FA. The competition started in 1908 with provincial selections as the "Belgian Provinces Cup". Starting from 1912 only actual clubs were allowed to partake. As of 1964, the Belgian Cup has been organised annually. Since the 2015–16 edition, the Belgian Cup is called the Croky Cup, for sponsorship purposes. The final traditionally takes place at the Heysel Stadium in Brussels.

The most successful cup club is Club Brugge with 12 Belgian Cups in their possession. The current champions are Club Brugge, having beaten rivals Anderlecht 2–1 in the 2025 final. The winners are awarded a challenge cup and qualify for the UEFA Europa League and the Belgian Supercup.
Clarice Poon
Clarice Poon is a British applied mathematician whose research lies "at the intersection of optimisation, imaging sciences, and machine learning", including research on compressed sensing and on instability in image reconstruction techniques that use deep learning. She is a reader (associate professor) in the Mathematics Institute of the University of Warwick.

Iterative reconstruction
Iterative reconstruction refers to iterative algorithms used to reconstruct 2D and 3D images in certain imaging techniques.
For example, in computed tomography an image must be reconstructed from projections of an object. Here, iterative reconstruction techniques are usually a
better, but computationally more expensive alternative to the common filtered back projection (FBP) method, which directly calculates the image in
a single reconstruction step. In recent research works, scientists have shown that extremely fast computations and massive parallelism is possible for iterative reconstruction, which makes iterative reconstruction practical for commercialization.
Choptank, Maryland
Choptank is an unincorporated town and census-designated place on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, in Caroline County, Maryland, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 129.

The town was founded in the 17th century. It is located on the tidal Choptank River, which flows into Chesapeake Bay. Tradition has it that the name "choptank" was an Anglicization of the Algonquian tshapetank and its namesake tribe.

The town is located at the southwestern corner of Caroline County on the northeast bank of the Choptank River, just north of where Hunting Creek enters the river from the east. The Choptank River flows southwest 11 miles (18 km) to the city of Cambridge and 25 miles (40 km) to Chesapeake Bay. Choptank Road leads northeast 3 miles (5 km) to the town of Preston and the nearest state highways, Maryland Routes 16 and 331.

Algonquian languages
The Algonquian languages (/æl.ˈɡɒŋ.k(w)i.ən/ al-GONG-k(w)ee-ən; also Algonkian) are a branch of the Algic language family. The name of the Algonquian language family is distinguished from the orthographically similar Algonquin dialect of the Indigenous Ojibwe language (Chippewa), which is a senior member of the Algonquian language family. The term Algonquin has been suggested to derive from the Wolastoqey word elakómkwik (pronounced [ɛlæˈɡomoɡwik]), meaning 'they are our relatives/allies'.

Speakers of Algonquian languages stretch from the east coast of North America to the Rocky Mountains. The proto-language from which all of the languages of the family descend, Proto-Algonquian, was spoken around 2,500 to 3,000 years ago. There is no scholarly consensus about where this language was spoken.
Düben family
The Düben family (German pronunciation: [ˈdyːbm̩]) is a noble family of German descent, originating in Saxony, Holy Roman Empire, whose members were elevated to the Swedish nobility, that rose to prominence with Andreas Düben (c. 1597–1662), an organist to the German Church in Stockholm, Swedish Empire.

During the 17th century, the Düben family exerted a significant influence on music at the Royal Court Orchestra, which experienced a golden age during those years. The family collected and composed various works, resulting in a compilation known as the Düben collection. Gustaf Düben, the son of Andreas Düben, was responsible for compiling this collection.

Its members use different surnames; the ennobled individuals and their descendants incorporate a nobiliary particle, "von," into their surnames, as seen in "von Düben" (German pronunciation: [fɔnˈdyːbm̩]), while the un-ennobled members do not include this particle in their surnames.

Von
The term von ([fɔn] ⓘ) is used in German surnames either as a nobiliary particle indicating a noble patrilineality, or as a simple preposition used by commoners that means 'of' or 'from'.

Nobility directories like the Almanach de Gotha often abbreviate the noble term von to v. In medieval or early modern names, the von particle was at times added to commoners' names; thus, Hans von Duisburg meant 'Hans from [the city of] Duisburg'. This meaning is preserved in Swiss toponymic surnames and in the Dutch van, which is a cognate of von but also does not necessarily indicate nobility.
John Ole Aspli
John Ole Aspli (born 7 May 1956) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.

He served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Møre og Romsdal during the term 2005–2009.

On the local level, he was mayor of Rindal Municipality from 2007 to 2011.

Møre og Romsdal (Storting constituency)
Møre og Romsdal is one of the 19 multi-member constituencies of the Storting, the national legislature of Norway. The constituency was established as Møre in 1921 following the introduction of proportional representation for elections to the Storting. It was renamed Møre og Romsdal from 1935. It is conterminous with the county of Møre og Romsdal. The constituency currently elects seven of the 169 members of the Storting using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2025 parliamentary election it had 196,531 registered electors.
Roger Blais (geological engineer)
Roger A. Blais, CC OQ MSRC (February 4, 1926 – September 25, 2009) was a Canadian geological engineer and academic. He helped develop a number of prospecting and exploration technologies.

Born in Shawinigan, Quebec, he graduated from Université Laval and from the University of Toronto. In 1970, he was appointed a professor in economic geology and the first director of research at École Polytechnique de Montréal. He was the father of two children.

Université Laval
Université Laval is a public research university in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. The university traces its roots to the Séminaire de Québec, founded by François de Montmorency-Laval in 1663, making it the oldest institution of higher education in Canada and the first North American institution to offer higher education in French. The university, which was founded in Old Québec, moved to a new campus in the 1950s in the suburban borough of Sainte-Foy–Sillery–Cap-Rouge. It is ranked among the top 10 Canadian universities in research funding and holds four Canada Excellence Research Chairs.
Outline of machines
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to machines:

Machine – mechanical system that provides the useful application of power to achieve movement.  A machine consists of a power source, or engine, and a mechanism or transmission for the controlled use of this power.  The combination of force and movement, known as power, is an important characteristic of a machine.

Vending machine
A vending machine is an automated machine that dispenses items such as snacks, beverages, cigarettes, and lottery tickets to consumers after cash, a credit card, or other forms of payment are inserted into the machine or payment is otherwise made. The first modern vending machines were developed in England in the early 1880s and dispensed postcards. Vending machines exist in many countries and, in more recent times, specialized vending machines that provide less common products compared to traditional vending machine items have been created.
Qwara Province
Qwara (Amharic: ቋራ), also spelled Quara, was a province in now Amhara Region, Ethiopia, located between Lake Tana and the frontier inside present-day Sudan, and stretching from Agawmeder in the south as far north as Metemma, and as far west as Wad Madani, Sudan.

Lake Tana
Lake Tana (Amharic: ጣና ሐይቅ, romanized: T’ana ḥāyik’i; previously transcribed Tsana) is the largest lake in Ethiopia and a source of the Blue Nile. Located in Amhara Region in the north-western Ethiopian Highlands, the lake is approximately 84 kilometres (52 miles) long and 66 kilometres (41 miles) wide, with a maximum depth of 15 metres (49 feet), and an elevation of 1,788 metres (5,866 feet). Lake Tana is fed by the Gilgel Abay, Reb and Gumara rivers. Its surface area ranges from 3,000 to 3,500 square kilometres (1,200 to 1,400 square miles), depending on season and rainfall. The lake level has been regulated since the construction of the control weir where the lake discharges into the Blue Nile. This controls the flow to the Blue Nile Falls (Tis Abbai) and hydro-power station.

In 2015, the Lake Tana region was nominated as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve recognizing its national and international natural and cultural importance.
2010–11 Toto Cup Leumit
The 2010–11 Toto Cup Leumit was the twenty-nine season of the third most important football tournament in Israel since its introduction and seventh under the current format. It held in two stages. First, sixteen Liga Leumit teams were divided into four groups. The winners and runners-up advanced to the Quarterfinals. Quarterfinals, Semifinals and Finals were held as one-legged matches, with the Final played at the Ramat Gan Stadium.

The defending champions were Ironi Kiryat Shmona, making it their second Toto Cup title overall, due to the promotion in the last season the club could not defend their title.

It won on 15 December 2010 by Ironi Ramat HaSharon.

Hapoel Ironi Kiryat Shmona F.C.
Hapoel Ironi Kiryat Shmona Football Club (Hebrew: מועדון כדורגל הפועל עירוני קרית שמונה) known as Ironi Kiryat Shmona is a professional football club based in Kiryat Shmona, in the northern district of Israel. The club is a current member of the Israeli Premier League, and plays at the Ironi Stadium. They won their first league title in 2011–12.

The Roaring Lion statue on the team's logo is a well-known monument. It commemorates the casualties of the Tel Hai battle that happened north of Kiryat Shmona on March 1, 1920.
La Guarimba International Film Festival
La Guarimba International Film Festival is an annual international film festival held in Amantea, Calabria, Italy. The festival showcases short films in the following categories: fiction, animation, documentary, experimental film, and music video. It runs in collaboration with UNICEF in Italy.

The festival was established in 2013. The organizers state that it aims to promote the values of participatory democracy, integration, human rights, and accessibility. Its motto is "Bringing the cinema back to the people and the people back to the cinema".

Austrian Cultural Forum
An Austrian Cultural Forum is an agency of the Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs, responsible for cultural and scientific dialogue with artists and scientists of each host country. A cultural forum focuses on the specific needs of local users and partners, and works independently on different contents. The international network currently consists of 30 cultural forums.

Cultural forums were originally established as either a "cultural institute" or a "cultural department of an Austrian embassy". In March 2001, both were renamed as "cultural forum".