hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Louis Lafferre
Louis Lafferre (10 May 1861 – 28 February 1929) was a French politician. He belonged to the Radical Party.

Lafferre was born in Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, and began his political career as a local councillor in Narbonne.  He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1898 to 1919 and a Senator from 1920 to 1924. He was Minister of Labour and Social Security Provisions from 1910 to 1911 and Minister of Public Instruction from 1917 to 1919. On 3 July 1905 he voted in favour of the Law on the Separation of the Churches and the State.

Chamber of Deputies (France)
The Chamber of Deputies (French: Chambre des députés, [ʃɑ̃bʁ de depyte]) was the lower house of parliament in France at various times in the 19th and 20th centuries:

1814–1848 during the Bourbon Restoration and the July Monarchy, the Chamber of Deputies was the lower house of the French Parliament, elected by census suffrage.

1875–1940 during the French Third Republic, the Chamber of Deputies was the legislative assembly of the French Parliament, elected by two-round system with universal male suffrage. When reunited with the Senate in Versailles, the French Parliament was called the National Assembly (Assemblée nationale) and carried out the election of the president of the French Republic.
Integrated Index for Postal Development
The Integrated Index for Postal Development (2IPD) is a scale confected by the Universal Postal Union to measure "a composite index providing an overview of postal development around the world".

2IPD covered the postal services for 170 countries in 2016. It covered 172 countries in 2022.

The measure "takes into consideration four main factors: quality of service performance; global postal connectedness; level of competitiveness in local and international markets; and ability to show resilience." "The 2IPD draws on three main types of UPU data: postal big data, statistics and surveys."

Mail
The mail or post is a system for physically transporting postcards, letters, and parcels. A postal service can be private or public, though many governments place restrictions on private systems. Since the mid-19th century, national postal systems have generally been established as a government monopoly, with a fee on the article prepaid. Proof of payment is usually in the form of an adhesive postage stamp, but a postage meter is also used for bulk mailing.

Postal authorities often have functions aside from transporting letters. In some countries, a postal, telegraph and telephone (PTT) service oversees the postal system, in addition to telephone and telegraph systems. Some countries' postal systems allow for savings accounts and handle applications for passports.

The Universal Postal Union (UPU), established in 1874, includes 192 member countries and sets the rules for international mail exchanges as a Specialized Agency of the United Nations.
Hastings East
Hastings East was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1925. It was located in the province of Ontario. It was created by the British North America Act 1867 which divided the County of Hastings into three ridings: Hastings East, Hastings West, and Hastings North.

The East Riding consisted of the Townships of Thurlow, Tyendinaga, and Hungerford In 1903, the county of Hastings was divided into two ridings when the north riding was abolished.

The East Riding was expanded to include the townships of Madoc, Elzevir and Grimsthorpe, Tudor, Cashel, Limerick, Dunganan, Mayo, Monteagle and Carlow; the town of Deseronto, and the villages of Madoc and Tweed.

The electoral district was abolished in 1924 when it was redistributed between Hastings South and Hastings—Peterborough ridings.

Tyendinaga, Ontario
Tyendinaga is a township in the Canadian province of Ontario, located in Hastings County. The community takes its name from a variant spelling of Mohawk leader Joseph Brant's traditional Mohawk name, Thayendanegea.
109 Herculis
109 Herculis, also named Tusizuo, is a single star in the northern constellation of Hercules. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, orange-hued point of light with an apparent visual magnitude of 3.84. The star is located around 121 light-years (37 parsecs) distant, based on parallax. It is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −58 km/s, and may come as close as 81 light-years away in around 328,000 years.

This is an aging giant star with a stellar classification of K2IIIab. It is a red clump giant, meaning it is on the horizontal branch and is generating energy through helium fusion at its core. The star is roughly six billion years old with slightly more mass than the Sun. With the supply of hydrogen at its core exhausted, it has expanded to nearly 12 times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating 52 times the luminosity of the Sun from its swollen photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,569 K.

Stellar core
A stellar core is the extremely hot, dense region at the center of a star. For an ordinary main sequence star, the core region is the volume where the temperature and pressure conditions allow for energy production through thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium. This energy in turn counterbalances the mass of the star pressing inward; a process that self-maintains the conditions in thermal and hydrostatic equilibrium. The minimum temperature required for stellar hydrogen fusion exceeds 107 K (10 MK), while the density at the core of the Sun is over 100 g/cm3. The core is surrounded by the stellar envelope, which transports energy from the core to the stellar atmosphere where it is radiated away into space.
Mihály Barla
Mihály Barla Slovene Miháo Barla (circa 1778 – February 4, 1824) was a Slovenian Lutheran pastor, writer, and poet.

He was born in Murska Sobota. He studied in Sopron, in the Evangelical Lyceum, by 1803 studied in the University of Jena.
In 1807 was the director of the Hungarian-Latin School of Sárszentlőrinc (Tolna), in 1808 teacher of Evangelical School of Győr. 1810-1824 ministrat in Kővágóörs, near the Balaton, and here died.

In 1823 rework the hymn-book of Mihály Bakos on the score of Krszcsánszke nóve peszmene knige (New Christian hymn-book, Hung. Új keresztény énekeskönyv).

Murska Sobota
Murska Sobota (pronounced [ˈmúːɾska ˈsóːbɔta] ⓘ, Slovenian abbreviation: MS [məˈsə́]; German: Olsnitz; Hungarian: Muraszombat) is a town in northeastern Slovenia. It is the centre of the Municipality of Murska Sobota near the Mura River in the region of Prekmurje and is the regional capital.
Exploring the Unknown with Wang Yibo Season 2
Exploring the Unknown with Wang Yibo Season 2 (Chinese: 探索新境第二季; pinyin: tàn suǒ xīn jìng . xún zhǎo wáng yī bó) is an outdoor exploration documentary program initiated by Wang Yibo to continue the first season, co-produced by Tencent Video and Warner Bros. Discovery Group, Discovery created by the international production team of Discovery Channel, and this Season is filmed in North America and challenge famous Rock climbing spots. Wang Yibo invited the experienced Jimmy Chin as a climbing instructor, and James Ryder Stroud (Shi Rid) as a climbing partner to join the exploration lineup. 
This season will try more challenges of local North American culture, unlocking multiple challenges such as flat belt walking in a 100-meter canyon, logging sports that emphasize both strength and skill, and wake surfing .
The film will be launched on Tencent Video every Friday and Saturday at 11 a.m. from November 28, 2025.

Castleton Tower
Castleton Tower (officially, Castle Rock) is a 6,660-foot (2,030 m) summit on the northeastern border of Castle Valley, Utah. The Wingate Sandstone tower itself is 400 feet (120 m) high and stands on a 1,000-foot (300 m) Moenkopi-Chinle cone. Castleton Tower is a popular subject for photography and for its classic rock climbing routes, the most famous of which is the Kor-Ingalls Route featured in Fifty Classic Climbs of North America. It can be accessed by a trail that begins south of the tower at a primitive camp ground.
Mount Hōei
Mount Hōei  (Japanese: 宝永山, Hōeizan) is a flank volcano on the southeastern side of Mount Fuji in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. It emerged as a result of the 1707–1708 Hōei eruption of Mount Fuji. Its height is 2,693 m (8,835 ft) above sea level, and its name comes from the Hōei era.

Compared to Mount Fuji, Mount Hōei is easier to climb and, at the same time, allows climbers to enjoy the grandeur of Mount Fuji.

Lateral eruption
A lateral eruption or lateral blast is a volcanic eruption which is directed laterally from a volcano rather than upwards from the summit. Lateral eruptions are caused by the outward expansion of flanks due to rising magma. Breaking occurs at the flanks of volcanoes making it easier for magma to flow outward. As magma is pushed upward towards the volcano it diverges towards the flanks before it has a chance to erupt from the crater. When the expanding flank finally gives it releases a flow of magma. More explosive lateral eruptions are referred to as lateral blasts. Some of the most notable examples of a lateral eruption include Mount St. Helens, Mount Pelée, and Mount Etna.
Pat Harvey
Pat Harvey (born November 13, 1955) is an American broadcast journalist. She joined KCAL 9 in Los Angeles in 1989, and in 2010 began co-anchoring for KCAL sister station KCBS news at 5, 6 & 11 PM. She is the longest-running anchor in prime time at one station in Los Angeles. For her 20th anniversary, the city of Los Angeles and Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors declared October 30, 2009, Pat Harvey Day. In June 2015 Harvey received the LA Area Emmy's Governor's Award. In 2012, Harvey was inducted into the National Association of Black Journalists Hall of Fame at the Newseum in Washington, D.C.

Broadcast journalism
Broadcast journalism is the field of news and journals which are broadcast by electronic methods instead of the older methods, such as printed newspapers and posters. It works on radio (via air, cable, and Internet), television (via air, cable, and Internet) and the World Wide Web. Such media disperse pictures (static and moving), visual text and sounds.
Hadi Prabowo
Hadi Prabowo, better known by his initials HP (born 3 April 1960) is an Indonesian politician and government employee, who is serving as the current Chancellor of the Institute for Home Affairs since 2020. Previously, he served as Secretary General of the Ministry of Home Affairs. In the 2013 Central Java gubernatorial election, Hadi ran as a candidate for governor who was promoted by a coalition of parties including the PKS, Gerindra, PKB, PPP, Hanura, and PKNU, and was paired with Don Murdono, the regent of Sumedang. However he lost the election, coming in third, behind Ganjar Pranowo and the then incumbent governor Bibit Waluyo.

United Development Party
The United Development Party (Indonesian: Partai Persatuan Pembangunan, PPP or P3), is one of the Islamist political parties in Indonesia. At the time of its declaration on January 5, 1973, this party was the result of a merger of four religious parties, namely the Nahdlatul Ulama Party (NU), the Islamic Education Movement (PERTI), the Indonesian Islamic Union Party (PSII), and the Indonesian Muslims' Party (PARMUSI). The first chairman at that time was Mohammad Syafaat Mintaredja. The merger of the four religious parties was aimed at simplifying the party system in Indonesia in facing the first general election during the New Order in 1973. Because the party's distinctive logo was associated with Islamic religious politics, the PPP was popularly known as the Ka'bah Party.
Hazmieh
33°51′04″N 35°32′29″E﻿ / ﻿33.85111°N 35.54139°E﻿ / 33.85111; 35.54139
Hazmieh (also Romanized as Hazmiyé, Hazmie, Hazmiyeh, Hasmiyeh, Al Ḩāzimīyah, and El Hâzmîyé) is a city in Mount Lebanon Governorate of Lebanon, and a suburb of Beirut, part of Greater Beirut.

Mount Lebanon Governorate
Mount Lebanon Governorate (Arabic: محافظة جبل لبنان) is one of the nine governorates of Lebanon, of which it is the most populous. Its capital is Baabda. Other notable towns and cities include Aley, Bikfaya, and Beit Mery.

This governorate is named after the mountainous region of Mount Lebanon and, except for the small Beirut Governorate which it surrounds, spans the stretch of the Mediterranean coast between Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate and South Governorate.
Paul Bunyans Stump
Paul Bunyans Stump is a 7,513 ft (2,290 m) mountain summit in the North Cascades Range of Washington, United States. It is located within North Cascades National Park. It rises steeply from Diablo Lake, one of the reservoirs on the Skagit River. It is part of a group of peaks that form the northern end of a chain running south through climbing destinations such as Colonial Peak and Snowfield Peak. The nearest peak to Paul Bunyans Stump is Pinnacle Peak, 0.37 mi (0.60 km) to the north, and the nearest higher peak is Neve Peak, 0.9 mi (1.4 km) to the southeast. Like many North Cascade peaks, Paul Bunyans Stump is more notable for its large, steep rise above local terrain than for its absolute elevation.  Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into Diablo Lake and Skagit River.

Paul Bunyans Stump was first climbed on August 2, 1931, by William Degenhardt and Herbert Strandberg of the Seattle Mountaineers. They called it "What's the Matterhorn."

Terrain
Terrain (from Latin  terra 'earth'), alternatively relief or topographical relief, is the dimension and shape of a given surface of a land. In physical geography, terrain is the lay of the land. This is usually expressed in terms of the elevation, slope, and orientation of terrain features. Terrain affects surface water flow and distribution. Over a large area, it can affect weather and climate patterns. Bathymetry is the study of underwater relief, while hypsometry studies terrain relative to sea level.
2023 Campeonato Internacional de Tênis de Campinas – Doubles
Boris Arias and Federico Zeballos were the defending champions but lost in the semifinals to Diego Hidalgo and Cristian Rodríguez.

Guido Andreozzi and Guillermo Durán won the title after defeating Hidalgo and Rodríguez 7–6(7–4), 6–3 in the final.

Guido Andreozzi
Guido Andreozzi (Latin American Spanish: [ˈɡiðo andɾeˈosi]; Italian: [ˈɡwiːdo andreˈɔttsi]; born 5 August 1991) is an Argentine professional tennis player of Italian descent. His career-high rankings are world No. 70 in singles, achieved on 28 January 2019, and No. 28 in doubles, reached on 27 October 2025. He has won two ATP Tour and 36 ATP Challenger Tour doubles titles.
Robert Montgomery (artist)
Robert Montgomery (born 7 July 1972) is a Scottish poet, artist, and sculptor based in London, known for creating site-specific installations that combine light and text. He is also recognized for his "fire poems," where poetic messages are displayed using flames. Montgomery’s work is influenced by a "melancholic post-Situationist" tradition, and he often uses public spaces to create art that challenges conventional perceptions.

Dazed
Dazed (Dazed & Confused until February 2014) is a quarterly British lifestyle magazine founded in 1991. It covers music, fashion, film, art, and literature. Dazed is published by Dazed Media, an independent media group known for producing stories across its print, digital, and video brands. The company's portfolio includes titles Another Magazine, Dazed Beauty and Nowness. The company's newest division, Dazed Studio, creates brand campaigns across the luxury and lifestyle sectors. Based in London, its founding editors are Jefferson Hack and fashion photographer Rankin.
Defensor minor
The Defensor minor is a work by Marsilius of Padua written around 1342. The Defensor minor is a restatement and defense of Marsilius's best known work, the Defensor pacis.

The text discusses civil and ecclesiastical jurisdiction, the confession, penance, indulgences, the Crusades, pilgrimages, plenitudo potestatis, legislative power, the origin of the sovereignty, wedding, and divorce.

Wedding
A wedding is a ceremony in which two people are united in marriage. Wedding traditions and customs vary greatly between cultures, ethnicities, races, religions, denominations, countries, social classes, and sexual orientations. Most wedding ceremonies involve an exchange of marriage vows by a couple; a presentation of a gift (e.g., an offering, rings, a symbolic item, flowers, money, or a dress); and a public proclamation of marriage by an authority figure or celebrant. Special wedding garments are often worn, and the ceremony is sometimes followed by a wedding reception. Music, poetry, prayers, or readings from religious texts or literature are also commonly incorporated into the ceremony, as well as superstitious customs.
Tell Tale Hearts
Tell Tale Hearts is a BBC Scotland television miniseries drama, written by Stephen Lowe, which stars Bill Paterson and was directed by Thaddeus O'Sullivan.

The three-part psychological thriller was broadcast  down on BBC1 on 1 November 1992. The serial was nominated twice in the 1993 BAFTA Scotland awards - for best drama serial and best television actor (Bill Paterson).

BAFTA Scotland
BAFTA Scotland is the Scottish branch of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts. Formed in 1986, the branch supports film, television and games talent in Scotland through year-round membership activity, awarding bursaries for new talent and holds an annual awards ceremony recognising the achievement by performers and production staff in Scottish film, television and video games. These Awards are separate from the British Academy Television Awards and British Academy Film Awards.
Washington Street station (MBTA)
Washington Street station is a surface stop on the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA)'s Green Line B branch, located in Brighton, Boston.  The station is located in the median of Commonwealth Avenue northeast of Washington Street.  Washington Street station consists of two side platforms, which serve the B branch's two tracks. The station is fully accessible.

Commonwealth Avenue (Boston)
Commonwealth Avenue (colloquially referred to as Comm Ave) is a major street in the cities of Boston and Newton, Massachusetts. It begins at the western edge of the Boston Public Garden, and continues west through the neighborhoods of the Back Bay, Kenmore Square, Boston University, Allston, Brighton and Chestnut Hill. It continues as part of Route 30 through Newton until it crosses the Charles River at the border of the town of Weston.
Cyphomenes infernalis
Cyphomenes infernalis is a species of potter wasp, family Eumenidae. It is Neotropical (including Peru). It was described by Henri Louis Frédéric de Saussure in 1875. As of 2025 there is one subspecies listed in the Catalogue of Life, Cyphomenes infernalis weyrauchi.

Henri Louis Frédéric de Saussure
Henri Louis Frédéric de  Saussure (/soʊˈsjʊər/; French: [də sosyʁ]; 27 November 1829 – 20 February 1905) was a Swiss mineralogist, taxonomist and entomologist specialising in studies of hymenopteroid and orthopteroid insects.
Flag of New South Wales
The current state flag of New South Wales was officially adopted in 1876. The flag is based on the defaced British Blue Ensign with the state badge located in the fly. The badge, based on the coat of arms, is a white disc with the cross of St George, a golden lion passant guardant in the centre of the cross and an eight-pointed gold star on each arm of the cross.

Defacement (flag)
In vexillology, defacement is the addition of a symbol or charge to a flag. For example, the Australian flag is the British Blue Ensign defaced with a Southern Cross in the fly.

In the context of vexillology, the word "deface" carries no negative connotations, in contrast to general usage. It simply indicates a differentiation of the flag from that of another owner by addition of elements. For example, many state flags are formed by defacing the national flag with a coat of arms.
Bay Meadows Breeders' Cup Sprint
The Bay Meadows Breeders' Cup Sprint is a race for Thoroughbred horses held each year at Bay Meadows in San Mateo, California.  The race is open to four-year-olds and up willing to make a six furlong dash on the dirt.

A Grade III event, it offers a trophy and a purse of $100,000 (includes $25,000 from the Breeders' Cup Fund).

In 2009, this race was downgraded from a Grade III event to ungraded status.

San Mateo, California
San Mateo is the most populous city in San Mateo County, California, United States, on the San Francisco Peninsula. It is part of the San Francisco Bay Area metropolitan region, and is located about 20 miles (32 km) south of San Francisco. San Mateo borders Burlingame to the north, Hillsborough to the west, San Francisco Bay and Foster City to the east and Belmont to the south. The population was 105,661 at the 2020 census.  Some of the biggest economic drivers for the city include technology, health care and education.
Harley Pasternak
Harley Samuel Pasternak is a Canadian personal trainer, motivational speaker, and author. Pasternak is known for working with many celebrity clients as a personal trainer. He is also known as one of the co-hosts of ABC's 2012 daytime talk show, The Revolution.

Rodale, Inc.
Rodale, Inc. (/ˈroʊdeɪl/), was an American publisher of health and wellness magazines, books, and digital properties headquartered in Emmaus, Pennsylvania, with a satellite office in New York City. The company was founded in 1930. In 2017, it was acquired by New York City-based Hearst Communications, a media conglomerate.

The company launched and published health and wellness lifestyle magazines, including Men's Health and Prevention, and books, including the bestsellers An Inconvenient Truth by Al Gore and Eat This, Not That by health writer David Zinczenko.
René Kolonko
René Kolonko (born 18 August 1981) is a German former swimmer, who specialized in breaststroke events. He is a member of the swimming team for SC Riesa an der Elbe in Riesa, and is coached and trained by Uwe Neumann.

Kolonko represented Germany at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, where he competed in the men's 100 m breaststroke. He had just barely advanced into the semifinals, after securing the sixteenth spot from the morning's preliminary heats, clocking at 1:02.09. Kolonko failed to advance into the final, but lowered his Olympic entry time (1:01.88) by six hundredths of a second (0.06), finishing his semifinal run with a time of 1:01.82.

Riesa
Riesa (German pronunciation: [ˈʁiːza] ⓘ; Upper Sorbian: Ryzawa) is a town in the district of Meißen in Saxony, Germany. It is located on the river Elbe, approximately 40 kilometres (25 miles) northwest of Dresden.
Õhne
The Õhne (also known as the Suislepa and the Hoomuli River; Latvian: Omuļupe) is a 94 km (58 mi) long river in southern Estonia. Its source is Veisjärv, a lake in Viljandi County, and it empties into Lake Võrts. It also flows some kilometres in Latvia, where it is known as the Omuļupe or Ehne. The basin area of Õhne is 573 km2. The populated places of Tõrva, Vooru, and Suislepa are located on the Õhne River.

Võrtsjärv
Võrtsjärv (Estonian: Võrtsjärv [ˈʋɤrts.jærʋ]; English: Lake Võrts, German: Wirzsee) is a lake in southern Estonia with an area of 270 km² (104 mi²).

It is the second-largest lake in Estonia (after Lake Peipus), and it is the largest lake entirely within Estonia. The shallow lake is 33.7 m (111 ft) above sea level. The Emajõgi River flows from Võrtsjärv to Lake Peipus.
Nazor
Nazor is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ante Nazor (basketball) (born 1978), Croatian basketball coach

Ante Nazor (historian) (born 1968), Croatian historian

Vladimir Nazor (1876–1949), Croatian poet and politician

Ante Nazor (basketball)
Ante Nazor (born 30 November 1978) is a Croatian professional basketball coach currently serving as the head coach and general manager of all club's youth selections at Omiš Čagalj Tours of the Croatian second-tier First Men's Basketball League.