hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stephen A. Schuker
Stephen Alan Schuker (born 1939) is an American historian who is currently William W. Corcoran Professor of History at the University of Virginia.

He was educated at Cornell University, where he gained a BA in 1959. In 1958 Cornell awarded him a $500 prize for being their outstanding history student. He was awarded an MA and a PhD by Harvard University in 1962 and 1969, respectively. According to Walter A. McDougall, Schuker's book The End of French Predominance in Europe is the definitive work on the circumstances leading to the adoption of the 1924 Dawes Plan on German reparations. The book was awarded the Gilbert Chinard Prize (in 1976) and the George Louis Beer Prize (in 1977).

Dawes Plan
The Dawes Plan temporarily resolved the issue of the reparations that Germany owed to the Allies of World War I. Enacted in 1924, it ended the crisis in European diplomacy that occurred after French and Belgian troops occupied the Ruhr in response to Germany's failure to meet its reparations obligations.

The Plan set up a staggered schedule for Germany's payment of war reparations, provided for a large loan to stabilise the German currency and ended the occupation of the Ruhr. It resulted in a brief period of economic recovery in the second half of the 1920s, although it came at the price of a heavy reliance on foreign capital. The Dawes Plan was superseded by the Young Plan in 1929.

Because the Plan resolved a serious international crisis, the American Charles G. Dawes, who headed the group that developed it, received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1925.
Daniel Heymann
Daniel Heymann (1949) is an Argentine economist. He studied physics and economics in Universidad de Buenos Aires. He later had a PhD at UCLA. His mentor was Axel Leijonhufvud. He worked at CEPAL. He won the Konex Award from Argentina.

Axel Leijonhufvud
Axel Leijonhufvud (6 September 1933 – 2 May 2022) was a Swedish economist and professor emeritus at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), and professor at the University of Trento, Italy. Leijonhufvud focused his studies on macroeconomic monetary theory. In his defining book On Keynesian Economics and the Economics of Keynes (1968) he focuses on a critique of the interpretation of Keynesian economic theory by Keynesian economists. He goes on to call the standard neoclassical synthesis interpretation of the Keynes' General Theory as having misunderstood and misinterpreted Keynes. In one of his papers, "Life Among the Econ" (1973), he takes a comical yet critical look at the inherent clannish nature of economists; the paper was considered a devastating takedown of economics and economists.
Chagnon (surname)
Chagnon  is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Paschal Chagnon (1765–1825), Canadian merchant and political figure

Leon Chagnon (1902–1953), American professional baseball pitcher

André Chagnon (1928–2022), Canadian businessman and philanthropist

Napoleon Chagnon (1938–2019), American anthropologist

Jacques Chagnon (born 1952), Canadian politician

Christian Chagnon (1956–2021), Canadian handball player

Marcel (singer) (born Marcel Chagnon, 1975), American country singer

Frédéric Chagnon (born 1992), Canadian football player

Cheryle Chagnon-Greyeyes, Alberta politician

Leon Chagnon
Leon Wilbur Chagnon (September 28, 1902 – July 30, 1953) was an American professional baseball pitcher. He played all or part of six seasons in Major League Baseball, between 1929 and 1935, for the Pittsburgh Pirates and New York Giants.

Chagon died on July 30, 1953, and was buried in Mount Prospect Cemetery in Amesbury, Massachusetts.
Ghagga kothi
Ghagga Kothi is a palatial mansion located in Ghagga town of Patiala District. It was built by  the Maharaja of Patiala  to accommodate himself and his guest who went there to hunt. It was taken over by Punjab Police after accession of Patiala State into India.

Ghagga Kothi is a tiny square fortress in about 8 acres (32,000 m2) with a very beautiful rest housebuilt in the middle. The rest house was converted to a Station Head Office for Punjab Police with the Officer's residence on the upper floor.

There used to be another building near the Kothi outside the 'wall', on the south-west side known as Lassi Khaana. The building used to serve as the kitchen to the guests at the Kothi.

During hunting expeditions the Viceroy of India and Prince of Wales once stayed here.

Due to poor upkeep by the government, Lassi Khaana looked deserted ruins for long time, eventually met the dust.

Prince of Wales
Prince of Wales is a title traditionally given to the male heir apparent to the English, and later, the British throne. The title originated with the Welsh rulers of Gwynedd who, from the late 12th century, used it (albeit inconsistently) to assert their supremacy over the other Welsh rulers. However, to mark the finalisation of his conquest of Wales, in 1301, Edward I of England invested his son Edward of Caernarfon with the title, thereby beginning the tradition of giving the title to the heir apparent when he was the monarch's son or grandson. The title was later claimed by the leader of a Welsh rebellion, Owain Glyndŵr, from 1400 until 1415.

King Charles III created his son, William, Prince of Wales on 9 September 2022, the day after his accession to the throne, with formal letters patent issued on 13 February 2023. The title has become a point of controversy in Wales.
History of Australian cricket from 1900–01 to 1918
This article describes the history of Australian cricket from the 1900–01 season until 1918.

Notable Australian players during this period include Joe Darling, Monty Noble, Victor Trumper, Clem Hill, Hugh Trumble, Warwick Armstrong, Charlie Macartney, Syd Gregory, Warren Bardsley, Bert Hopkins, Bill Howell, James Kelly, Tibby Cotter and Bill Whitty.

Syd Gregory
Sydney Edward Gregory (14 April 1870 – 1 August 1929), sometimes known as Edward Sydney Gregory, was a cricketer who played for New South Wales and Australia. At the time of his retirement, he had played a world-record 58 Test matches during a career spanning 1890 to 1912. A right-handed batsman, he was also a renowned fielder, particularly at cover point.
Popes Creek, Maryland
Popes Creek is an unincorporated community in Charles County, Maryland, United States. It is located on the shore of a north–south section of the Potomac River, north of and in sight of the Harry Nice Memorial Bridge. There are docks and two seafood restaurants. U.S. Route 301 in Maryland runs north from the bridge, somewhat isolating the area between the river and the highway. To the north is Port Tobacco and to the southeast, the Cobb Island peninsula.

Popes Creek is home to the Loyola Roman Catholic retreat center.  Near here, John Wilkes Booth was rowed across the river, a week after he assassinated President Abraham Lincoln. Popes Creek (Virginia) is on the Virginia shore, approximately 15 miles (24 km) southeast.

U.S. Route 301 in Maryland
U.S. Route 301 (US 301) in the state of Maryland is a major highway that runs 122.85 miles (197.71 km) from the Governor Harry W. Nice Memorial Bridge over the Potomac River into Virginia northeast to Delaware. It passes through three of Maryland's four main regions: Southern Maryland, the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area, and the Eastern Shore. US 301 serves mainly as a bypass of Baltimore and Washington, D.C. from Virginia to Delaware.
2024 Maia Challenger
The 2024 Maia Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the seventh edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Maia, Portugal from 25 November to 1 December 2024.

Maia, Portugal
Maia (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈmajɐ] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Porto Metropolitan Area), Grande Porto subregion, in Norte Region, Portugal. It is located 11 km north of central Porto. The population in 2011 was 135,306, in an area of 82.99 km2 (32.04 sq mi). There is one city (Cidade da Maia) and three towns (Moreira, Castêlo da Maia and Águas Santas) in the municipality.
1926 NCAA Track and Field Championships
The 1926 NCAA Track and Field Championships was the fifth NCAA track and field championship. Athletes representing 65 universities participated in the event, which was held at Soldier Field in Chicago, Illinois in June 1926. The meet was called "the college Olympics of America."

John Kuck
John Henry Kuck (April 27, 1905 – September 21, 1986) was an American athlete who won a gold medal in the shot put at the 1928 Summer Olympics setting a new world record at 15.87 m. Earlier that year he set two more world records, but they were not recognized officially. In 1926 he also set a US record in the javelin throw at 65.28 m and won the AAU title.

Competing for the Emporia State Hornets track and field team, Kuck won an NCAA shot put title.
Hibernaculum (song)
"Hibernaculum" is a song by musician Mike Oldfield, released on his 1994 album The Songs of Distant Earth. It charted at number 47 in the UK Singles Chart.

Two different versions of the single were released. The first contained several remixes of "Moonshine", the final part of Tubular Bells II, while the other contain unreleased material, including "The Song of the Boat Men", which would later be reused in another song called "Moonshine" on Oldfield's 2014 rock album, Man on the Rocks.

Tubular Bells II
Tubular Bells II is the fifteenth studio album by English guitarist and songwriter Mike Oldfield. It was released on 31 August 1992 by Warner Music UK and is the successor to his debut album Tubular Bells (1973). It was Oldfield's first album for Warner after having worked with Virgin Records for twenty years. Like its predecessor, Tubular Bells II reached number 1 in the UK Albums Chart and spun off a top 10 single, "Sentinel".
88th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 88th Division (第88師団, Dai-hachijūhachi Shidan) was an infantry division in the Imperial Japanese Army. Its call sign was the Essential Division (要兵団, Kaname Heidan). It was created 28 February 1945 in Toyohara (later known as Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.) It was a triangular division. The divisional backbone was the Karafuto mixed brigade.

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Russian: Ю́жно-Сахали́нск, IPA: [ˈjuʐnə səxɐˈlʲinsk] ⓘ, lit. 'South Sakhalin city') is a city and the administrative center of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia. It is located on Sakhalin Island in the Russian Far East, north of Japan. Gas and oil extraction as well as processing are amongst the main industries on the island. The city was called Vladimirovka (Влади́мировка) from 1882 to 1905, then Toyohara (Japanese: 豊原市, Hepburn: Toyohara-shi) during its period of Imperial Japanese control from 1905 to 1946. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 181,587.
2017 Patriot League women's basketball tournament
The 2017 Patriot League women's basketball tournament was held March 4, 6, 10, and 11 at campus sites of the higher seed, except that both semi-final games will be played at the same site of the highest seed. This means that Bucknell vs. American and Army vs. Navy will both be played in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, at Sojka Pavilion on Friday, March 10, 2017, at 5:00pm and 7:30pm respectively. The winner of the tournament will  earn an automatic trip to the NCAA women's tournament.

Lewisburg, Pennsylvania
Lewisburg is a borough in Union County, Pennsylvania, United States, 30 miles (48 km) south by southeast of Williamsport and 60 miles (97 km) north of Harrisburg. The population was 5,158 as of the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Union County. Located in central Pennsylvania's Susquehanna Valley, on the West Branch Susquehanna River, it is home to Bucknell University. Its 19th-century downtown, centered around Market Street, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Lewisburg is the principal city of the Lewisburg Micropolitan Statistical Area, and is also part of the larger Bloomsburg–Berwick–Sunbury Combined Statistical Area.
Ocean Data View
Ocean Data View (ODV) is a proprietary, freely available, software package for the analysis and visualization of oceanographic and meteorological data sets.

ODV is used by a large number of oceanographers. The UNESCO Ocean Teacher project employs ODV as one of its main analysis and display tools. ODV is used to display and analyze data from several oceanographic projects such as Argo, World Ocean Circulation Experiment, World Ocean Database Project, SeaDataNet, World Ocean Atlas, and Medar/Medatlas projects.
Ocean Data View includes also options that permit to perform objective analysis thanks to the add-on DIVA software.

Analysis
Analysis (pl.: analyses) is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts in order to gain a better understanding of it. The technique has been applied in the study of mathematics and logic since before Aristotle, though analysis as a formal concept is a relatively recent development.

The word comes from the Ancient Greek ἀνάλυσις (analysis, "a breaking-up" or "an untying" from ana- "up, throughout" and lysis "a loosening"). From it also comes the word's plural, analyses.

As a formal concept, the method has variously been ascribed to René Descartes (Discourse on the Method), and Galileo Galilei. It has also been ascribed to Isaac Newton, in the form of a practical method of physical discovery (which he did not name).

The converse of analysis is synthesis: putting the pieces back together again in a new or different whole.
Cardiff Giant
The Cardiff Giant was one of the most famous archaeological hoaxes in American history. It was a 10-foot-tall (3.0 m), roughly 3,000 pound purported "petrified man", uncovered on October 16, 1869, by workers digging a well behind the barn of William C. "Stub" Newell, in Cardiff, New York. He covered the giant with a tent and it soon became an attraction site. Both it and an unauthorized copy made by P. T. Barnum are still being displayed.

Spazz (band)
Spazz was an American powerviolence band active between 1992 and 2000. The trio released numerous records within this time, many of which are now highly collectible due to their relative rarity. The band's releases often showcased their unusual sense of humour: absurdly long and nonsensical song titles, audio samples from B movies and kung fu films between songs and the occasional use of hip hop beats as well as saxophones, banjos and other instruments rarely associated with hardcore punk. All three of the members shared vocal duties, usually changing in sequence from line to line. The group would typically play at all ages venues. 2015 saw the release of a tribute LP to Spazz by Scottish record label Mind Ripper Collective titled "Spazzin' To The Oldies - A Tribute To Spazz". In 2016, it was announced that Tankcrimes will reissue the out-of-print Spazz albums Sweatin' To The Oldies and Sweatin' 3: Skatin', Satan & Katon.
António Costa Silva
António José da Costa Silva (European Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐ̃ˈtɔni.u ˈkɔʃtɐ ˈsilvɐ, ɐ̃ˈtɔnju -]; born 23 November 1952) is a Portuguese professor, businessman and politician who served as Minister of the Economy and Maritime Affairs in the third cabinet of Prime Minister António Costa from 2022 to 2024.

XXIII Constitutional Government of Portugal
The XXIII Constitutional Government of Portugal (Portuguese: XXIII Governo Constitucional de Portugal) was the 23rd government of the Third Portuguese Republic under the current Constitution, and had António Costa as the Prime Minister, in his third consecutive term. It was in office from 30 March 2022 to 2 April 2024 and was formed by members of the Socialist Party (PS).

It was the second PS government to have absolute majority of seats in the Legislature, after the first government of José Sócrates, between 2005 and 2009. It was composed of 17 ministers and 40 secretaries of state.
Julia Vakulenko
Julia Olehivna Vakulenko (Ukrainian: Юлія Оле́гівна Вакуленко; born 10 July 1983) is a Ukrainian-born Spanish former tennis player. She achieved her career-high ranking of No. 32 in November 2007.

In April 2008, Vakulenko renounced her Ukrainian citizenship, and then announced her decision to acquire the citizenship of Spain where she's lived for the last ten years.

Renunciation of citizenship
Renunciation of citizenship is the voluntary loss of citizenship. It is the opposite of naturalization, whereby a person voluntarily obtains citizenship. It is distinct from denaturalization, where citizenship is revoked by the state.
Salt Creek (Platte River tributary)
Salt Creek (Pawnee: Káʾit Kiicuʾ) is a tributary of the Platte River, located in Saunders, Cass, and Lancaster counties in southeast Nebraska.  It is approximately 44.38 miles (71.42 km) in length.  Salt Creek begins in southern Lancaster county and flows north to connect to the Platte River at Mahoney State Park in Ashland.

Cass County, Nebraska
Cass County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 26,598. Its county seat and largest city is Plattsmouth. The county was formed in 1855, and was named for General Lewis Cass, an American military officer, politician, and statesman.

Cass County is included in the Omaha–Council Bluffs metropolitan area.

In the Nebraska license plate system, Cass County is represented by the prefix 20 (it had the 20th-largest number of vehicles registered in the county when the license plate system was established in 1922).
Eagle's Landing High School
Eagle's Landing High School is a high school located in McDonough, Georgia, United States. It is operated by the Henry County School System. Eagle's Landing was founded in 1990. Today, the school has 1,382 students enrolled in grades 9-12 and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. The school is home to an active NJROTC program, a nationally acclaimed band, and varsity sports teams that compete in the AAAA, region 4 of the Georgia High School Association.

Georgia High School Association
The Georgia High School Association (GHSA) is an organization that attempts to govern athletics and activities for member high schools in the U.S. state of Georgia. GHSA is a member of the National Federation of State High School Associations. The association has 463 public and private high schools as members. GHSA organizes all sports and academic competitions as well as overseeing registration, training, and approves local area sports officials associations to administer regional athletics and activities per member schools.
Daniel Stoian
Daniel Stoian (born 21 April 1967) is a Romanian sprint canoer who competed from the late 1980s to the late 1990s. He won four medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a gold (K-2 1000 m: 1986), two silvers (K-2 200 m: 1994, 1995), and a bronze (K-2 10000 m: 1986).

Stoian also competed in three Summer Olympics, earning his best finish of fifth twice (K-2 500 m: 1988, K-4 1000 m: 1992).

ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships are an international event in canoe racing, one of two top-tier Summer Olympic sport events organized by the International Canoe Federation (the other being the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships). They are usually held every non-Olympic year and have officially included paracanoe events since 2010; paracanoe-specific editions of this event (named ICF Paracanoe World Championships) are usually held in Summer Paralympic years.

Prior to November 2008, canoe sprint was known as flatwater racing.
Unstruttal (Verbandsgemeinde)
Unstruttal is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the Burgenlandkreis (district), in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Before 1 January 2010, it was a Verwaltungsgemeinschaft. It is situated along the river Unstrut, approx. 50 km west of Leipzig. The seat of the Verbandsgemeinde is in Freyburg.

The Verbandsgemeinde Unstruttal consists of the following municipalities:

Balgstädt

Freyburg

Gleina

Goseck

Karsdorf

Laucha an der Unstrut

Nebra

Balgstädt
Balgstädt (German pronunciation: [ˈbalkˌʃtɛt]) is a municipality in the Burgenlandkreis district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 2009 it has incorporated the former municipalities of Burkersroda, Größnitz and Hirschroda.
Kill Speed
Kill Speed (also called Fast Glass) is a 2010 action film directed by Kim Bass, who is a commercial rated pilot. It stars Andrew Keegan, Brandon Quinn, Nick Carter, Natalia Cigliuti and Greg Grunberg in an aviation-themed crime/thriller drama.

The soundtrack features music by:  Steppenwolf, Tears for Fears, Nick Carter, Jada Pinkett-Smith's Wicked Wisdom, and Nathan East.

Nathan East
Nathan Harrell East (born December 8, 1955) is an American jazz, R&B, and rock bass guitarist and vocalist. With more than 2,000 recordings, East is one of the most recorded bass players in the history of music. East holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in music from the University of California, San Diego (1978). He is a founding member of contemporary jazz quartet Fourplay and has recorded, performed, and co-written songs with performers such as Bobby Womack, Eric Clapton, Michael Jackson, Joe Satriani, George Harrison, Ringo Starr, Phil Collins, Stevie Wonder, Toto, Kenny Loggins, Daft Punk, Chick Corea, and Herbie Hancock.
Agarwal Mandi
Tatiri (full name Aggarwal Mandi Tatiri) is a town and a nagar panchayat in Baghpat district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
The distance between Aggarwal Mandi Tatiri and Baghpat is 5km. Tatiri is connected to two districts: Baghpat and Meerut, via National Highway 334B. 5km west is State Highway 57, which connects to New Delhi, Baghpat, Baraut, Shamli, and Saharanpur.

Nagar panchayat
A nagar panchayat (transl. 'town council') or town panchayat or Notified Area Council (NAC) in India is a settlement in transition from rural to urban and therefore a form of an urban political unit comparable to a municipality. An urban centre with more than 12,000 and less than 40,000 inhabitants is classified as a nagar panchayat. The population requirement for a town panchayat can vary from state to state.

Such councils are formed under the panchayati raj administrative system. In census data, the abbreviation T.P. is used to indicate a "town panchayat". Tamil Nadu was the first state to introduce the panchayat town as an intermediate step between rural villages and urban local bodies (ULB). The structure and the functions of the nagar panchayat are decided by the state government.
Jim Stamas
Jim Stamas (born February 17, 1965) was a member of the Michigan State Senate and former Majority Floor Leader of the Michigan House of Representatives. He was inaugurated in the Michigan Senate on January 1, 2015 and left office on January 1, 2022. A Republican, he represented District 36 in the Senate and before that represented District 98 in the House, and is from Midland.

Michigan Senate
The Michigan Senate is the upper house of the Michigan Legislature. Along with the Michigan House of Representatives, it composes the state legislature, which has powers, roles and duties defined by Article IV of the Michigan Constitution, adopted in 1963. The primary purpose of the Legislature is to enact new laws and amend or repeal existing laws.

The Michigan Senate is composed of 38 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of between approximately 212,400 to 263,500 residents. Legislative districts are drawn on the basis of population figures, provided by the federal decennial census. In January 2023, Democrats took the majority with 20 seats to Republicans' 18 seats. The Senate chamber is located in the State Capitol building.