hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Christina C. C. Willis
Christina C. C. Willis is an American laser scientist who works in optics and high-power laser development. She is involved with policy, outreach and volunteering. Willis is a board member of SPIE, the international society of optics and photonics. As of January 2019, she completed an 18-month expedition around the world. She is serving as an Arthur H. Guenther Congressional Fellowship from 2019 to 2020. In January 2020, she published the book Sustainable Networking for Scientists and Engineers, which addresses networking in a holistic sense, encouraging readers to treat professional support as a resource that is sustained by contributing more than you can take.

Laser science
Laser science or laser physics is a branch of optics that describes the theory and practice of lasers.

Laser science is principally concerned with quantum electronics, laser construction, optical cavity design, the physics of producing a population inversion in laser media, and the temporal evolution of the light field in the laser. It is also concerned with the physics of laser beam propagation, particularly the physics of Gaussian beams, with laser applications, and with associated fields such as nonlinear optics and quantum optics.
Janīna Kursīte-Pakule
Janīna Kursīte-Pakule (born 2 March 1952, in Arendole) is a Latvian literary scholar, linguist, writer, publicist, and politician. She has served as deputy of the 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th Saeimas. Kursīte-Pakule is a member of the Latvian Academy of Sciences.

In 2018, after being re-elected to the Saeima, Kursīte-Pakule delivered her oath in Livonian before being asked to retake it in Latvian, which she did in the Livonian dialect of Latvian.

Latvian Academy of Sciences
The Latvian Academy of Sciences (Latvian: Latvijas Zinātņu akadēmija, Latin: Academia Scientiarum Latviensis) is the official science academy of Latvia and is an association of the country's foremost scientists. The academy was founded as the Latvian SSR Academy of Sciences (Latvian: Latvijas PSR Zinātņu akadēmija). It is located in Riga. The current president of the academy is Ivars Kalviņš.
Gustavo Melella
Gustavo Adrián Melella (born 2 December 1970) is an Argentine politician who has been the governor of Tierra del Fuego Province since December 2019. He was previously mayor of Río Grande from 2011 to 2019. He is the first openly gay governor of an Argentine province.

He belongs to the FORJA Concertation Party.

Provinces of Argentina
Argentina has 23 provinces (Spanish: provincias, singular provincia) and one autonomous city, Buenos Aires, which serves as the federal capital, as determined by Congress.

The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions and exist under a federal system.
Posey War
The Posey War was a small, brief conflict with Native Americans in Utah.  Though it was a minor conflict, it involved a mass exodus of Ute and Paiute native Americans from their land around Bluff, Utah to the deserts of Navajo Mountain. The natives were led by a chief named Posey, who took his people into the mountains to try to escape his pursuers. Unlike previous conflicts, posses played a major role while the United States Army played a minor one. The war ended after a skirmish at Comb Ridge. Posey was badly wounded and his band was taken to a prisoner-of-war camp in Blanding. When Posey's death was confirmed by the authorities, the prisoners were released and given land allotments to farm and raise livestock. According to the Utah Encyclopedia, "for the Indians it was not a war and never was intended to be such ... a few shots fired as a delaying action, and a very rapid surrender do not justify elevating an exodus to a war."

Navajo Mountain
Navajo Mountain (Navajo: Naatsisʼáán meaning "Earth Head") is a peak in San Juan County, Utah, with its southern flank extending into Coconino County, Arizona, in the United States. It holds an important place in the traditions of three local Native American tribes. The summit is the highest point on the Navajo Nation.
Zug Open
The Dialectic Zug Open is a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It is currently part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour. It has been held in Zug, Switzerland since 2022.

Zug
Zug (Standard German: [tsuːk] ⓘ, Alemannic German: [tsuːɡ̊]; French: Zoug; Italian: Zugo; Romansh: Zug; Neo-Latin: Tugium) is the largest town and capital of the Swiss canton of Zug. Zug is renowned as a hub for some of the wealthiest individuals in the world and is known for its high concentration of wealth.

The municipality had a total population of 30,934 on 31 December 2020. The official language of Zug is the Swiss variety of Standard German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.
SMS Amazone (1843)
SMS Amazone was a three-masted sail corvette (caravel) of the Prussian Navy (Preußische Marine). Her keel was laid down in Grabow near Stettin in 1842 and she was launched on 24 June 1843. Amazone sank in a storm on 14 November 1861 off the coast of the Netherlands with 107 dead. She was reported to have collided with an East Indiaman, which rescued the three survivors. Among the dead were "almost all" of the naval cadets being trained to officer the fleet.

Amazone was modelled on the French corvette Diligente, with a ship displacement of 370 tonnes and a length overall of 44 metres (144 ft). She had a complement of 145 men and was armed with twelve Swedish 18-pounders.

The ship served as a training vessel for Prussian naval officers of the Navigation School in Danzig, therefore it came under the Ministry of Finance rather than the Ministry of War. Nevertheless, she flew the Prussian war flag.

War flag
A war ensign, also known as a military flag, battle flag, or standard, is a variant of a national flag for use by a country's military forces when on land. The nautical equivalent is a naval ensign. Under the strictest sense of the term, few countries today currently have distinct war flags, most using a flag design that is also the state flag or general national flag for this purpose.
Horizon Rapid
The Horizon Rapid (or Turclub Horizon Rapid) are Class 5 rapid on the Chuya River in the Altai Mountains, Russia. Horizon Rapid is located close to the Federal Highway R256 near the 371 kilometer sign. It is located right after Turbinny Rapid in 600 meters down to the river. The total length of the rapid is about 200 meters and the drop is around 5–6 meters. It is one of the three most difficult rapids in that part of Chuya River together with Behemoth Rapid and Turbinny Rapid.

R256 highway (Russia)
The Russian route R256 is a trunk road in Novosibirsk Oblast, Altai Krai and Altai Republic of Russia. Its length is 953 kilometres. The width is 7 metres. It is also a part of the Asian Highway AH4.

The highway, constructed in the early 1930s by gulag inmates, extends from Novosibirsk to Russia's border with Mongolia, passing through Berdsk, Novoaltaysk, Biysk, but bypassing Barnaul and Gorno-Altaysk.

Between Novosibirsk and Biysk the road follows the right bank of the Ob River, then traverses a steppe region and the Altay Mountains, where it continues through the altitudes of up to 2000 metres.

On November 17, 2010, in accordance with Government Resolution 928, the M52 was given a new designation, R256 (in Cyrillic Р256); the M52 designation was used until the end of 2017 when the highway was officially designated as R256.
Sarcosine/dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase
Sarcosine/dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.157, ApDMT, sarcosine-dimethylglycine methyltransferase, SDMT, sarcosine dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase, S-adenosyl-L-methionine:N,N-dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase) is an enzyme with systematic name S-adenosyl-L-methionine:sarcosine(or N,N-dimethylglycine) N-methyltransferase (N,N-dimethylglycine(or betaine)-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine  2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine (overall reaction)

(1a) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine  S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine

(1b) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine  S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine

This enzyme participates in biosynthesis of betaine from glycine in cyanobacterium Aphanocthece halophytica.

Sarcosine
Sarcosine, also known as N-methylglycine, or monomethylglycine, is an amino acid with the formula CH3N(H)CH2CO2H.  It exists at neutral pH as the zwitterion CH3N+(H)2CH2CO2−, which can be obtained as a white, water-soluble powder.  Like some amino acids, sarcosine converts to a cation at low pH and an anion at high pH, with the respective formulas CH3N+(H)2CH2CO2H and CH3N(H)CH2CO2−.  Sarcosine is a close relative of glycine, with a secondary amine in place of the primary amine.

Sarcosine is ubiquitous in biological materials.  It is used in manufacturing biodegradable surfactants and toothpastes as well as in other applications. It is also a reagent in organic synthesis.

Sarcosine is sweet to the taste.
Keys to the City (song)
"Keys to the City" is a song from American industrial metal band Ministry, in collaboration with "Co-Conspirators", as a gift for the Chicago Blackhawks ice hockey team. The song was written by Al Jourgensen (Ministry, Revolting Cocks), Joshua Bradford (Revolting Cocks) and Paul Raven (Killing Joke, Ministry).

Paul Raven (musician)
Paul Vincent Raven (16 January 1961 – 20 October 2007) was an English bassist best known for his work in the post-punk group Killing Joke. He later played in the industrial music bands Prong, Ministry, Zilch, and briefly Godflesh.
Baboo Band Baaja
Baboo Band Baaja is a Marathi film directed by debutante Rajesh Pinjani and produced by Nita Jadhav. The film tells the riveting tale of a father reluctant to educate his son, a mother who fiercely believes in its liberatory value, and the son who is caught in the crossfire. It stars Milind Shinde, Mitalee Jagtap Varadkar and Vivek Chabukswar in the lead roles. The film received three National Film Awards,  including for Best Actress (Mitalee Jagtap Varadkar) and Best Debut Film of a Director, National Film Award for Best Child Artist and six Maharashtra State Film Awards.

Maharashtra State Film Awards
Maharashtra State Film Awards, one of the prestigious awards of Marathi cinema, are awarded by the Government of Maharashtra to Marathi language films and artists. They were first awarded in 1963.

The Maharashtra State Film Awards are adjudicated by an independent jury jointly formed by the Department of Cultural Affairs, Government of Maharashtra. The jury typically comprises eminent personalities from the film industry. A separate jury is constituted for the awards recognizing literature on cinema. Films are invited for consideration annually, and the jury evaluates the submissions to select the winners. The awards aim to promote artistic excellence in cinema and incentivize filmmakers, technicians, and producers. The Minister for Cultural Affairs announces the awardees, who are presented with the prizes by the Chief Minister of Maharashtra.
Forum of Maltese Unions
The Forum of Maltese Unions (Maltese: Forum Unions Maltin, FOR.U.M.) is a national trade union federation in Malta incorporating 16,000 members representing workers from a variety of professions and trades.

Trade union federation
Organizers within trade unions have sought to increase the bargaining power of workers in regards to collective bargaining by acting in collaboration with other trade unions. Multi-union organizing can take place on an informal basis, or on a more formal basis via an umbrella organization comprising multiple trade unions. Such umbrella organizations may be referred to as a trade union federation, trade union confederation, or trade union centre.
Marasmius funalis
Marasmius funalis is a species of Marasmiaceae fungus known only from Japan. The species produces small mushrooms with reddish-brown caps up to 6 millimetres (0.24 in) in diameter and dark-brown, threadlike stems of up to 50 millimetres (2.0 in) in length. The species has a number of distinctive microscopic features, including very long cystidia on the stem, visible as bristles. Described in 2002 by Haruki Takahashi, the species grows on dead wood. The  closest relative of M. funalis is M. liquidambari, known from Mexico and Papua New Guinea, and it is also similar in appearance to M. hudonii and Setulipes funaliformis, the latter of which was named after M. funalis.

Pileipellis
The pileipellis is the uppermost layer of hyphae in the pileus of a fungal fruit body. It covers the trama, the fleshy tissue of the fruit body. The pileipellis is more or less synonymous with the cuticle, but the cuticle generally describes this layer as a macroscopic feature, while pileipellis refers to this structure as a microscopic layer. Pileipellis type is an important character in the identification of fungi. Pileipellis types include the cutis, trichoderm, epithelium, and hymeniderm types.
Demissie Wolde
Demissie Wolde (born 8 March 1937) is an Ethiopian former marathon runner. He won the Košice Peace Marathon in 1969 in 2:15:37. He also competed in the 1964 Olympic marathon, having qualified by running 2:19:30 on 3 August for the third place, in the Ethiopian Olympic trials, a race held at 8,000 feet. After being among the leaders for much of the 1964 Olympic race, he finished tenth in 2:21:25.2. At the 1972 Summer Olympics, he placed 18th in 2:20:44.0 in the marathon. He is the younger brother of Mamo Wolde who dropped out of the race in 1964, won the Olympic Marathon in 1968, and who finished third in 1972.

Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon
The men's marathon was part of the Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics program in Tokyo. It was held on 21 October 1964. 79 athletes from 41 nations entered, with 68 starting and 58 finishing. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The event was won by Abebe Bikila of Ethiopia, the first man to successfully defend Olympic gold in the marathon (and, indeed, the first to win two medals of any color in Olympic marathons). Unlike in 1960, he wore shoes this time. Great Britain earned its first marathon medal since 1948 with Basil Heatley's silver; Japan took its first medal since 1936 with bronze by Kōkichi Tsuburaya.

During the medal ceremony, the national anthem of Japan was played for Bikila as the band did not know "Ethiopia, Be Happy", the country's anthem at the time.
Martin Todsharow
Martin Todsharow (born 6 September 1967) is a German composer, producer, and lecturer on music, since 2004 a professor at the Konrad Wolf Film University of Babelsberg.

He has won the German Film Critics' Best Music Award and the German Music Authors' Prize for Film Music Composition.

Konrad Wolf Film University of Babelsberg
The Konrad Wolf Film University of Babelsberg (German: Filmuniversität Babelsberg Konrad Wolf) is the oldest and largest film school in Germany. The university offers undergraduate, graduate, as well as post-graduate studies in all fields of the process of filmmaking. In addition, it is the only art school in Brandenburg, situated together with the Babelsberg Film Studio in Babelsberg.

Different departments have been established in order to expand research, teaching, and studies, as well as for the improvement of its national and international affiliations. Among them are the Institute for Artistic Research (Institut für künstlerische Forschung) and the Potsdam Film Museum (Filmmusem Potsdam). With the same objective, the university is also affiliated with the Erich Pommer Institute and the Institute for Career Research and Business Planning in Media (Institut für Berufsforschung und Unternehmensplanung Medien).
Prix Iris for Best Short Documentary
The Prix Iris for Best Short Documentary (French: Prix Iris de la meilleur court métrage documentaire) is an annual award, presented by Québec Cinéma as part of its Prix Iris program, to honour the best short documentary films made in the Cinema of Quebec. The award was presented for the first time at the 23rd Quebec Cinema Awards in 2021.

Producers Kat Baulu, Ariel Nasr and director Jérémie Battaglia, who all have won in this category, also received nominations in the Best Documentary category.

Québec Cinéma
Québec Cinéma is a Canadian organization based in Quebec, whose mission is to promote and develop the Cinema of Quebec.

The organization's programs include the Prix Iris, the annual film awards for Quebec films; the Rendez-vous Québec Cinéma, an annual film festival; the Lab Québec Cinéma, which works with schools to facilitate the use of Quebec films in educational contexts; and Tournée Québec Cinéma, which presents an annual touring minifestival of Quebec films in English Canadian cities where French-language films from Quebec would not otherwise receive theatrical distribution. The organization is also a sponsor of the Prix collégial du cinéma québécois, an educational program which engages film studies students in the province's CEGEPs to present an annual film award.

In December 2018, the organization announced a partnership with Netflix to launch Talent Lab, a professional development program for people entering the film industry.
János Szántay
János Szántay or  Ion Santo (16 December 1922 – 17 March 2007) was born to an ethnic Hungarian family in Oradea (Nagyvárad). János Szántay graduated from the University of Cluj in 1949.  He worked as a physician in Târgu Mureș and in Cluj. He was a fencer, competing in the individual and team sabre events at the 1952 Summer Olympics. He was also a physician and a scientist conducting research on essential nutrients, especially on magnesium as an essential nutrient. He was made a member of the New York Academy of Sciences in 1969, member of the  Nuclear Hematology Research Society of London (1969), member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (1992), and the honorary member of the Magyar Magnézium Társaság, as well as an honorary chairman of Magnezia Society of Romania, from 1992.

Târgu Mureș
Târgu Mureș (/ˌtɜːrɡuː ˈmʊərɛʃ, ˌtɪər-/, Romanian: [ˈtɨrɡu ˈmureʃ] ⓘ; Hungarian: Marosvásárhely [ˈmɒroʃvaːʃaːrhɛj] ⓘ; German: Neumarkt am Mieresch also known as simply Neumarkt) is the seat of Mureș County in the historical region of Transylvania, Romania. It is the 16th-largest city in Romania, with 116,033 inhabitants as of the 2021 census. It lies on the Mureș River, the second-longest river in Romania (after the Danube).
Kayamkulam vaal
The Kayamkulam vaal (lit. 'Kayamkulam sword') is a double-edged sword that was used by the rulers and soldiers (mostly in Travancore), in Kayamkulam, a princely state of India. An example is on display at the Krishnapuram Palace Museum in Kayamkulam.

It is said to have been used by the Kayamkulam Rajas in the 18th century.

Kayamkulam
Kayamkulam (IPA: [kaːjɐmkuɭam, kaːjɐŋɡuɭam]) is a municipality in the Alappuzha district of Kerala, India. It is located 46 km (28.6 mi) south of the district headquarters in Alappuzha and about 110 km (68.4 mi) north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram. As per the 2011 Indian census, Kayamkulam has a population of 68,634 people, and a population density of 3,149/km2 (8,160/sq mi).

Kayamkulam was the erstwhile capital of the Kingdom of Onattukara, and today continues to be the largest town in the Onattukara region.
Henderson Place Mall
Henderson Place Mall is a Chinese themed mall in the Town Centre area of  Coquitlam, British Columbia. It is located on Pinetree Way across from Coquitlam Centre and Lincoln Station of the Millennium Line. Opened in 1999, it has 245,000 square feet of retail space

The mall was developed by Hong Kong developper Henderson Land. In 2019, it was offered for sale through CBRE Group.

Millennium Line
The Millennium Line is the second line of the SkyTrain rapid transit system in the Metro Vancouver region of British Columbia, Canada. The line is owned and operated by BC Rapid Transit Company, a subsidiary of TransLink, and links the cities of Vancouver, Burnaby, Coquitlam and Port Moody. The line was opened in 2002 and was named in recognition of the new millennium.
J. Blackfoot
John Colbert (November 20, 1946 – November 30, 2011), known professionally as J. Blackfoot, was an American soul singer.  A member of The Soul Children in the late 1960s and 1970s, he subsequently had a moderately successful solo career.  His biggest hit was "Taxi", which reached the charts in both the US and UK in 1984.

The Prisonaires
The Prisonaires were an American doo-wop group, whose hit "Just Walkin' in the Rain" was released on Sun Records in 1953, while the group was incarcerated in the Tennessee State Penitentiary in Nashville. The group was led by Johnny Bragg (born February 26, 1925), who had been a penitentiary inmate since 1943 when, at the age of 17, he was convicted of six charges of rape, which were later recanted or considered falsified. The Prisonaires were formed when Bragg joined up with two prison gospel singers, Ed Thurman and William Stewart (each of whom was doing 99 years for murder), and two new penitentiary arrivals, John Drue Jr. (three years for larceny) and Marcell Sanders (one-to-five years for involuntary manslaughter).
St. George, Ontario
St. George is a small village located in and part of the municipality of County of Brant, between Cambridge and Brantford, in Southern Ontario, Canada. It had a population of 3,354 according to the 2021 Census.

The Apples Harvest Festival takes place during the third weekend in September and the town holds a Kinsmen Club of Brantford service club.

St. George is home to the St. George Ravens Jr. A Hockey Club. The team competes in the GMHL South Division. The Ravens were relocated to St George from Burlington, Ontario, in 2016. The Ravens play out of South Dumfries Community Center.

St. George is known for its numerous antique stores on Main Street.

The municipal offices of the former Township of South Dumfries, an old Victorian mansion known as Sunnyside, have been the home of current County of Brant mayor David Bailey, since 2000.

Cambridge, Ontario
Cambridge is a city in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, located at the confluence of the Grand and Speed rivers, in the central part of the Ontario Peninsula. The city had a population of 138,479 as of the 2021 census. Along with Kitchener and Waterloo, Cambridge is one of the three core cities of Canada's tenth-largest metropolitan area, the Regional Municipality of Waterloo.

Cambridge was formed in 1973 by the amalgamation of Galt, Preston, Hespeler, the settlement of Blair, North Dumfries, as well as east and west Galt. The former Galt covers the largest portion of Cambridge, making up the southern half of the city, while Preston and Blair cover the western side. Hespeler makes up the most northeastern section of Cambridge. Historical information and records of each entity are well documented in the Cambridge City Archives.
James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton
James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton (19 June 1606 – 9 March 1649), known as the 3rd Marquess of Hamilton from March 1625 until April 1643, was a Scottish nobleman and influential political and military leader during the Thirty Years' War and the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.

Earl of Arran (Scotland)
The earldom of Arran currently exists in two forms within the Scottish nobility, in reference to the Isle of Arran. One is a peerage title in the Peerage of Scotland, held as a subsidiary title by the Duke of Hamilton.

The other is a baronage title in the Baronage of Scotland attached to the Lochranza Castle, which was auctioned off in the 1990s along with the ruins of the Castle. It is currently held by Susan Clark Livingston.