hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
KBD algorithm
The KBD algorithm is a cluster update algorithm designed for the fully frustrated Ising model in two dimensions, or more generally any two dimensional spin glass with frustrated plaquettes arranged in a checkered pattern. It is discovered in 1990 by Daniel Kandel, Radel Ben-Av, and Eytan Domany, and generalized by P. D. Coddington and L. Han in 1994. It is the inspiration for cluster algorithms used in quantum monte carlo simulations.

Check (pattern)
Check (also checker, Brit: chequer, dicing, or checkerboard and checkerboard pattern) is a pattern of modified stripes consisting of crossed horizontal and vertical lines which form squares. The pattern typically contains two colours where a single checker (that is a single square within the check pattern) is surrounded on all four sides by a checker of a different colour.

The pattern is commonly placed onto garments and is, in certain social contexts, applied to clothing which is worn to signify cultural or political affiliations. Such is the case with check in ska and on the keffiyeh. The pattern's all-pervasiveness and simple layout has lent to its practical usage in scientific experimentation and observation, optometry, technology (hardware and software), and as a symbol for responders to associate meaning with.
Pralayam
Pralayam is a 1980 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by P. Chandrakumar and produced by T. K. Balachandran. The film stars Prem Nazir, Jayabharathi, Sukumaran and Sankaradi. The film's score was composed by A. T. Ummer.

Sukumaran
Edappal Ponnamkuzhi Veettil Parameswaran Sukumaran Nair (10 June 1948 – 16 June 1997), known mononymously as Sukumaran, was an Indian actor and producer of Malayalam films. Sukumaran became a popular film star in Malayalam cinema during the 1970s. He was considered one of the superstar trios of Malayalam cinema during the late 1970s and early 1980s along with Soman and Jayan.

Later, he became known for his character roles and antagonistic roles during the 1980s and 1990s, notably the villain in CID Unnikrishnan B.A., B.Ed. (1994) and Onnaam Muhurtham (1991), playing character roles in films like Souhrudam (1990). In 1978, he won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Actor for his performance in M. T. Vasudevan Nair's Bandhanam. As a producer, he produced such films as Irakal and Padayani.

On 16 June 1997, Sukumaran suffered a massive heart attack and died. He was 49 at the time of his death.
Ui LRT
The Ui LRT, referred to as the Ui-Sinseol LRT or Ui-Sinseol Line (우이신설선) in Korean, is a light metro which is part of Seoul Metropolitan Subway. It is a fully underground 11.4 km (7.1 mi) Light Rapid Transit line from Ui-dong to Sinseol-dong in northern Seoul which opened on September 2, 2017. The line, which is expected to carry 110,000 passengers a day, has 13 stations. It connects to Line 4 at Sungshin Women's University, Line 6 at Bomun and Lines 1 & 2 at Sinseol-dong. The last (northernmost) station is in Ui-dong, hence the name of the line. In 2019, the line carried 27 million passengers or about 75,000 people per day.

Ui-dong
Ui-dong (Korean: 우이동) is a dong (neighbourhood) of Gangbuk District, Seoul, South Korea. On June 30, 2008, former Suyu-4 dong is changed to the administrative dong. Thus Ui-dong can be called either legal dong or administrative dong.
Luxe Radio
Luxe Radio (Arabic: لوكس راديو) is a privately owned francophone Moroccan radio network. It focuses on fashion and lifestyle topics, and presents news and social, economic, and political debates. It plays exclusively cover versions of songs, particularly in lounge and electronic dance styles. Luxe Radio is based in Casablanca, Morocco, and broadcasts in Casablanca, Rabat, Jadida, Marrakesh, Essaouira, Agadir, Settat, and Asfi.

Lounge music
Lounge music is a type of easy listening music popular in the 1950s and 1960s. This music is meant to evoke in the listeners an emotion, or the feeling of being in a place with a tranquil theme such as a jungle, an island paradise or outer space. It emerged from Dixieland jazz, Latin dance, the croon, experimental music, and the gimmick song. The range of lounge music encompasses beautiful music–influenced instrumentals, and modern electronica (with chillout and downtempo influences), while remaining thematically focused on its retro–space age cultural elements. The earliest type of lounge music appeared during the 1920s and 1930s, and was known as light music.
Beach Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery
Beach Cemetery is a small Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemetery containing the remains of allied troops who died during the Battle of Gallipoli. It is located at Hell Spit, at the southern end of Anzac Cove on the Gallipoli Peninsula.

The first graves were dug on the day of the landing 25 April 1915 and it continued to be used almost until the evacuation of the Anzac area on 20 December.

The majority of the graves, 285, are from the Australian Imperial Force, including that of Private John Simpson Kirkpatrick and three New Zealanders.
It also contains 21 troops from the New Zealand army, 49 British personnel and three from the 80-strong Ceylon Tea Planters’ contingent. The tea planters were used as the Anzac commander, General William Birdwood's bodyguard. There are also 21 graves whose occupants are unknown.

William Birdwood
Field Marshal William Riddell Birdwood, 1st Baron Birdwood (13 September 1865 – 17 May 1951) was a British army officer who spent most of his career in the British Indian Army. He saw active service in the Second Boer War on the staff of Lord Kitchener. Birdwood saw action again in the First World War, initially as commander of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps during the Gallipoli campaign in 1915, leading the landings on the peninsula and then the evacuation later in the year, before becoming commander-in-chief of the Fifth Army on the Western Front during the closing stages of the war. He then went on to be general officer commanding the Northern Army in India in 1920 and Commander-in-Chief, India, in 1925, and retired as a field marshal.
TN 81
The French airborne nuclear warheads (TN81) is a thermonuclear warhead carried by the Air-Sol Moyenne Portée (ASMP) medium-range air-to-surface missile, a component of the Force de frappe French nuclear deterrent. The warhead was introduced in 1988. By 1991, 80 warheads had been produced.

Deployment: 60 warheads carried by the ASMP equipping the 60 Mirage 2000 N with the French Air Force and 20 Super Etendard of Naval Aviation. The TN81 has a yield of 300 kilotons

It has been replaced by 54 TNA (Airborne nuclear warhead) thermonuclear warhead carried by the ASMPA equipping the Mirage 2000 N and Dassault Rafale.

Specifications:

thermonuclear weapon

yield from 100 to 300 kiloton

insensitive explosives

Insensitive munition
Insensitive munitions are munitions that are designed to withstand stimuli representative of severe but credible accidents.  The range of stimuli are shock (from bullets, fragments and shaped charge jets), heat (from fires or adjacent thermal events) and adjacent detonating munitions.  A munition can have its vulnerability reduced by a number of means used on their own or in combination such as a reduced vulnerability energetic material, design features, additions or changes to packaging etc. The munition must still retain its terminal effect and performance within acceptable parameters.
1891 New York state election
The 1891 New York state election was held on November 3, 1891, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, the secretary of state, the state comptroller, the attorney general, the state treasurer and the state engineer, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate. The election was a sweep for the Democratic Party ticket.

Attorney General of New York
The attorney general of New York is the chief legal officer of the U.S. state of New York and head of the Department of Law of the state government. The office has existed in various forms since 1626, originally established under the Dutch colonial government of New Netherland.

Democrat Letitia James currently serves as attorney general, in office since January 1, 2019.
EAR 56 class
The EAR 56 class was a class of 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge 4-8-2+2-8-4 Garratt-type articulated steam locomotives built by Beyer, Peacock & Co. in Gorton, Manchester, England, in 1949.  The six members of the class were ordered by the Kenya-Uganda Railway (KUR) immediately after World War II, and were a slightly modified version of the KUR's existing EC5 class.

By the time the new locomotives were built and entered service, the KUR had been succeeded by the East African Railways (EAR), which designated them for a very short time as its EC6 class, but then, as part of a comprehensive reclassification of all of its locomotives, redesignated them as its 56 class.

Gorton
Gorton is an area of Manchester, in Greater Manchester, England; it lies to the south-east of the city centre. The population at the 2011 census was 36,055. Neighbouring areas include Levenshulme and Openshaw.  Gorton Monastery, a 19th-century High Victorian Gothic former Franciscan friary is a major landmark.
Pete Burgess
Peter Burgess (born 13 June 1984) is a New Zealand former professional basketball player. Born in Timaru, Canterbury, Burgess played for the Otago Nuggets in 2008 and the Southland Sharks in 2010. He also played numerous years in the second division Conference Basketball League, including the Otago A team in 2008 and the Southland Flyers in 2010.

Otago Nuggets
The Otago Nuggets are a New Zealand professional men's basketball team based in Dunedin. The Nuggets compete in the National Basketball League (NBL) and play their home games at the Edgar Centre. For sponsorship reasons, they are known as the Night 'n Day Otago Nuggets.
Al-Suqaylabiyah Subdistrict
Al-Suqaylabiyah Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية مركز السقيلبية)  is a Syrian nahiyah (subdistrict) located in al-Suqaylabiyah District in Hama. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Suqaylabiyah Subdistrict had a population of 49,686 in the 2004 census.

Hama Governorate
Hama Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة حماة Muḥāfaẓat Ḥamā) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is situated in western-central Syria, bordering Idlib and Aleppo Governorates to the north, Raqqa Governorate to the east, Homs Governorate to the south, and Tartus and Latakia Governorate to the west. It is the only Governorate (excluding Damascus) that does not border a foreign country. Measures of its area vary from 8,844 km2 to 8,883 km2, with its capital being the city of Hama, also notably being the only Governorate with no land borders with any foreign countries.
Kunkovice
Kunkovice is a municipality and village in Kroměříž District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 80 inhabitants.

Kunkovice lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) south-west of Kroměříž, 36 km (22 mi) west of Zlín, and 223 km (139 mi) south-east of Prague.

Zlín Region
Zlín Region (Czech: Zlínský kraj) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the south-eastern part of the historical region of Moravia. It is named after its capital Zlín. Together with the Olomouc Region, it forms a cohesion area of Central Moravia. It is located in the eastern part of the Czech Republic, where the borders with Slovakia (Trenčín and Žilina Regions) are formed by its eastern edge. It borders the South Moravian Region in the southwest, the Olomouc Region in the northwest, and the Moravian-Silesian Region in the north. Culturally, the region is composed of parts of three traditional Moravian regions: Haná, the Moravian Slovakia, and the Moravian Wallachia, as the city of Zlín lies roughly at their tripoint.
Jennifer Byrne (research scientist)
Jennifer Anne Byrne (born 1966) is an Australian cancer researcher and academic. She is a Professor of Molecular Oncology at University of Sydney, Australia. Byrne is notable for not only her cancer research, but the uncovering of academic fraud and junk science in cancer research.

As a result of her and her colleague's investigations, 17 papers have been retracted, and others have been noted. As a result, the journal Nature rated Byrne as one of their "Ten people who mattered" in 2017.

Junk science
Junk science is spurious or fraudulent scientific data, research, or analysis. The concept is often invoked in political and legal contexts where facts and scientific results have a great amount of weight in making a determination. It usually conveys a pejorative connotation that the research has been untowardly driven by political, ideological, financial, or otherwise unscientific motives.

The concept was popularized in the 1990s in relation to expert testimony in civil litigation. More recently, invoking the concept has been a tactic to criticize research on the harmful environmental or public health effects of corporate activities, and occasionally in response to such criticism.

In some contexts, junk science is counterposed to the "sound science" or "solid science" that favors one's own point of view. Junk science has been criticized for undermining public trust in real science.: 110–111  Junk science is not the same as pseudoscience.
Ungannians
Ugaunians or Ugannians (Estonian: ugalased; Latvian: ugauņi), referred to as Chudes by the earliest Russian chronicles, were a historic Finnic people inhabiting the southern Estonian Ugandi County (Latin: Ungannia; also Ugania, Ugaunia) that is now Tartu, Põlva, Võru and Valga counties of Estonia.

Võru County
Võru County (Estonian: Võru maakond or Võrumaa; Võro: Võro maakund) is a county in southern Estonia. It is bordered by Valga and Põlva counties, Latvia's Alūksne and Ape municipalities, and Russia's Pskov Oblast (making it the only Estonian county to border two countries).

The territory of Võrumaa covers 2,305 km2 (890 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. In 2022, Võru County had a population of 34,182, 2.6% of the total population in Estonia. The county is subdivided into 12 rural municipalities and one urban municipality, the county capital, Võru.
There's a Hole in the City
"There's a Hole in the City" is a 2005 speculative fiction short story by Richard Bowes that describes the September 11th attacks alongside the "summoned ghosts from past disasters" in New York City. Originally published in the online magazine Sci Fiction, the story has been reprinted multiple times in various anthologies and won both the Million Writers Award and the International Horror Guild Award. It was also a finalist for the Nebula Award for Best Short Story.  The story has been called "the single best piece of fiction" about the experience and aftermath of the 9/11 attacks and has been analyzed in critical examinations of fiction related to New York.

Speculative fiction
Speculative fiction is an umbrella genre of fiction that encompasses all the subgenres that depart from realism, or strictly imitating everyday reality, instead presenting fantastical, supernatural, futuristic, or other highly imaginative realms or beings.

This catch-all genre includes, but is not limited to: fantasy, science fiction, science fantasy, superhero, paranormal and supernatural horror, alternate history, magical realism, slipstream, weird fiction, utopia and dystopia, apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction. In other words, the genre presents individuals, events, or places beyond the ordinary real world.

The term speculative fiction has been used for works of literature, film, television, drama, video games, radio, and hybrid media.
Whitney K. Newey
Whitney Kent Newey (born July 17, 1954) is the Ford Professor of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a well-known econometrician. He is best known for developing, with Kenneth D. West, the Newey–West estimator, which robustly estimates the covariance matrix of a regression model when errors are heteroskedastic and autocorrelated.

Autocorrelation
Autocorrelation, sometimes known as serial correlation in the discrete time case, measures the correlation of a signal with a delayed copy of itself. Essentially, it quantifies the similarity between observations of a random variable at different points in its domain (which for this article is time). The analysis of autocorrelation is a mathematical tool for identifying repeating patterns or hidden periodicities within a signal obscured by noise. Autocorrelation is widely used in signal processing, time domain and time series analysis to understand the behavior of data over time.

Different fields of study define autocorrelation differently, and not all of these definitions are equivalent. In some fields, the term is used interchangeably with autocovariance.

Various time series models incorporate autocorrelation, such as unit root processes, trend-stationary processes, autoregressive processes, and moving average processes.
Rohru
Rohru is a town and a municipal committee in Shimla district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. It is at the banks of the Pabbar River, and it is about 115 km from Shimla city.  Rohru is at 31°12′07″N 77°45′07″E﻿ / ﻿31.202°N 77.7519°E﻿ / 31.202; 77.7519. It has an average elevation of 1,525  metres (5,003 feet).

Tons River
The Tons (टौंस नदी) is the largest tributary of the Yamuna. It flows through cultural Mahasu region in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh, marking the boundaries of the two states after Tyuni, where confluence of Tons and Pabbar river happen. The Tons thrust is named after this river.

With its source in the 20,722 feet (6,316 m) high Bandarpunch mountain, it is one of the most major perennial Indian Himalayan rivers. In fact, it carries more water than the Yamuna itself, which it meets below Kalsi near Dehradun, Uttarakhand.
Alida Rockefeller Messinger
Alida Rockefeller Messinger (born 1948) is an American philanthropist who is an heir to the Rockefeller family fortune.

A donor to Democratic candidates and environmentalist causes, she is the former wife of former Minnesota governor and former U.S. Senator Mark Dayton, and also sister to former West Virginia governor and former U.S. Senator Jay Rockefeller. She has notably been a major donor to progressive political causes in her home state of Minnesota.

Outside of activism, she is a former trustee of the Rockefeller Family Fund, a public charity started by her father and his siblings. Her great-grandfather is John D. Rockefeller, the founder of the Standard Oil Company and widely considered to be the wealthiest American of all time and the richest person in modern history.

Rockefeller Family Fund
The Rockefeller Family Fund (RFF) is a philanthropic foundation created by members of the Rockefeller family, that “initiates, cultivates, and funds strategic efforts to promote a sustainable, just, free, and participatory society.”  The president of the RFF is Miranda Kaiser, a great-granddaughter of David Rockefeller. The RFF is active in areas such as environmental protection, promoting economic equality for women, and supporting socially disadvantaged citizens and refugees.
A Farewell to Alms
A Farewell to Alms: A Brief Economic History of the World is a 2007 book about economic history by Gregory Clark. It is published by Princeton University Press.

The book's title, like Clark's other book The Son Also Rises, is a pun on Ernest Hemingway's novel, A Farewell to Arms.

Pun
A pun, also known as a paronomasia in the context of linguistics, is a form of word play that exploits multiple meanings of a term, or of similar-sounding words, for an intended humorous or rhetorical effect. These ambiguities can arise from the intentional use of homophonic, homographic, metonymic, or figurative language.

A pun differs from a malapropism in that a malapropism is an incorrect variation on a correct expression, while a pun involves expressions with multiple (correct or fairly reasonable) interpretations. Puns may be regarded as in-jokes or idiomatic constructions, especially as their usage and meaning are usually specific to a particular language or its culture.

Puns have a long history in writing. For example, the Roman playwright Plautus was famous for his puns and word games.
Hablingbo
Hablingbo (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈhâbːlɪŋˌbuː]) is a populated area, a socken (not to be confused with parish), on the Swedish island of Gotland. It comprises the same area as the administrative Hablingbo District, established on 1 January 2016.

In 1961, the Havor Hoard was found at a hillfort in the small village of Havor in Hablingbo.

Registration districts in Sweden
A registration district is, since 1 January 2016, the smallest administrative subdivision for population registration in Sweden (Swedish: folkbokföring), i.e. the civil registration of births, marriages, civil partnerships and deaths, and for the collation of census information.

Geographically, the districts correspond to the parishes of the Church of Sweden of 31 December 1999. About 85% of the old sockens corresponds with the new districts. The civil registration was originally maintained by the Church of Sweden, but since July 1991 it is administered by the Swedish Tax Agency.

The registration district is also used for registration of land ownership by Lantmäteriet, for the reason that owned land was historically named after parish:neighbourhood:number, but in 2000 changed to municipality:neighbourhood:number, which caused confusion with multiple neighbourhood names in the same municipality.
Radial Road 10
Radial Road 10 (R-10), informally known as the R-10 Road, and commonly Road 10, is a network of roads and bridges which will comprise the tenth radial road of Manila in the Philippines once completed. It is the westernmost of the radial roads north of the Pasig River, running north–south close to the shoreline of Manila Bay. When completed, the road would link the city of Manila with Navotas and the northern coastal provinces of Bulacan, Pampanga, and Bataan in Central Luzon.

At present, only the Manila–Navotas segment of the road is complete.

Arterial road
An arterial road or arterial thoroughfare is a high-capacity urban road that sits below highways on the road hierarchy in terms of traffic flow and speed. The primary function of an arterial road is to deliver traffic from collector roads to highways or expressways, and between urban hubs at a relatively high level of service. Therefore, many arteries are limited-access roads or feature restrictions on private access. Because of their relatively high accessibility, many major roads face large amounts of land use and urban development, making them significant urban places.

In traffic engineering hierarchy, an arterial road delivers traffic between collector roads and highways. For new arterial roads, intersections are often reduced to increase traffic flow. In California, arterial roads are usually spaced every half mile, and have intersecting collector(s) and streets.
Cyanodontia
Cyanodontia is a fungal genus in the family Meruliaceae. It is a monotypic genus, circumscribed by mycologist Kurt Hjorstam in 1987 to contain the single species Cyanodontia spathulata. This is a toothed crust fungus that is found in East Africa. The type was collected by Leif Ryvarden in Tanga, Tanzania in 1973.

Corticioid fungi
The corticioid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota typically having effused, smooth basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that are formed on the undersides of dead tree trunks or branches. They are sometimes colloquially called crust fungi or patch fungi. Originally such fungi were referred to the genus Corticium ("corticioid" means Corticium-like) and subsequently to the family Corticiaceae, but it is now known that all corticioid species are not necessarily closely related. The fact that they look similar is an example of convergent evolution. Since they are often studied as a group, it is convenient to retain the informal (non-taxonomic) name of "corticioid fungi" and this term is frequently used in research papers and other texts.