hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Qianfu Lun
The Qianfu Lun (Chinese: 潛夫論, Qiánfū lún, "Comments of a Recluse"), also known by its Wade-Giles romanization Ch'ien-fu Lun, is a political-metaphysical text by the Later Han philosopher Wang Fu. It contains criticisms of contemporary societies, especially the power of consort clans and the growing regionalism. In the work, Wang Fu strongly supports the Confucian model of good government and humanism.

Wang Fu (Han dynasty)
Wang Fu (Chinese: 王符; pinyin: Wáng Fú; about 82 AD – 167 AD), courtesy name  Jiexin (simplified Chinese: 节信; traditional Chinese: 節信; pinyin: Jiéxìn) was a Chinese essayist, historian, philosopher, and poet during the Eastern Han dynasty. Born in Gansu Province, Wang Fu was a studious and knowledgeable man of humble birth. Once he was discriminated by fellow villagers in youth and was later not recommended to the Court as a government official. There is little information left about him, but his only masterpiece, Qianfu Lun, is a most valuable source. Nowadays, scholars have begun to attach importance to him, but the study is confined by the lack of historical records.
Henry Meyer (poet)
Henry Meyer (December 5, 1840 – November 8, 1925) was a poet originally from
Brush Valley, (Centre County), Pennsylvania, and a politician serving in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. His native language was Pennsylvania Dutch, and although he learned English in school, he wrote his poetry in "Dutch".

His original career was as a wheelwright, but he lost an arm near Spottsylvania during the American Civil War. (He was a corporal in the Centre County Regiment, the 148th Pennsylvania Infantry.) In the war he began the diary he would keep the rest of his life, and after the war spent time as a teacher, county superintendent, state representative and justice of the peace during the 58 years he was in Rebersburg. He was a teacher of the poet Calvin Ziegler and was active in community organizations. While Meyer's collected poems have apparently yet to be published together, at least one ("For Was Er So Freundlich Is") was published in The Millheim Journal of 14 August 1907.

Centre County, Pennsylvania
Centre County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 158,172. Its county seat is Bellefonte.  Centre County is composed of the State College, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is part of the Central region of the commonwealth.
Havelian
Havelian (Urdu: حویلیاں [ɦəˈʋeːlɪjãː]) is the second largest municipality in the Abbottabad District, in the Hazara Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It serves as the headquarters for Havelian Tehsil. The word literally translates into English as "mansions". The outskirts of the city are also home to one of the largest ordnance factories of Pakistan, Pakistan Ordnance Factories Havelian. An ordnance depot also exists in the vicinity of the city and the factory.

Abbottabad District
Abbottabad District (Hindko, Urdu: ضِلع ایبٹ آباد) is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is part of the Hazara Division and covers an area of 1,969 square kilometres (760 mi2), with the city of Abbottabad being the principal town. Neighbouring districts include Mansehra to the north and Haripur to the west in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Muzaffarabad to the east in Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Rawalpindi to the south in the Punjab province. According to the 2023 Pakistani census, the population of Abbottabad District is 1,397,587.
Alpine borane
Alpine borane is the commercial name for an organoboron compound used in organic synthesis.  It is a colorless liquid, which is usually encountered as a solution.  A range of alkyl-substituted boranes are specialty reagents in organic synthesis.  Two such reagents closely related to Alpine borane are 9-BBN and diisopinocampheylborane.

Organic synthesis
Organic synthesis is a branch of chemical synthesis concerned with the construction of organic compounds. Organic compounds  are molecules consisting of combinations of covalently-linked hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms. Within the general subject of organic synthesis, there are many different types of synthetic routes that can be completed including total synthesis, stereoselective synthesis, automated synthesis, and many more. Additionally, in understanding organic synthesis it is necessary to be familiar with the methodology, techniques, and applications of the subject.
Copenhagen Hospitality College
Copenhagen Hospitality College (Danish: Hotel og Restaurantskolen, abbr. HRS) is a vocational college located in Copenhagen, Denmark. The school is Northern Europe's largest school specialising in hospitality courses and Denmark's largest food institute.

Hospitality
Hospitality is the relationship of a host towards a guest, wherein the host receives the guest with some amount of goodwill and welcome. This includes the reception and entertainment of guests, visitors, or strangers. Louis, chevalier de Jaucourt describes hospitality in the Encyclopédie as the virtue of a great soul that cares for the whole universe through the ties of humanity. Hospitality is also the way people treat others, for example in the service of welcoming and receiving guests in hotels. Hospitality plays a role in augmenting or decreasing the volume of sales of an organization.

Hospitality ethics is a discipline that studies this usage of hospitality.
Shumate
Shumate is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anderson E. Shumate (1879–1947), American politician

David Shumate, American poet

Fern Shumate (1910–2003), American writer

Harold Shumate (1893–1983), American screenwriter

Ignatius Elgin Shumate (1834–1907), American politician

Jabar Shumate (born 1976), American politician

Jessamine Shumate (1902–1990), American artist, historian and cartographer

Jim Shumate (1921–2013), American bluegrass fiddler

John Shumate (1952–2025), American basketball player

Keith Shumate (born 1965/66), American college baseball player and coach

Mark Shumate (born 1960), American football player

Whitney Shumate (1896–1966), American businessman and civic leader

Jessamine Shumate
Ada Jessamine Shumate (born March 31, 1902, as Ada Jessamine White in Horsepasture, Virginia – died on December 16, 1990, in Greenville, North Carolina) was an American artist, historian and cartographer, winner of the "Award of Distinction" in 1955 from the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.
Willis Creek (Garfield and Kane counties, Utah)
Willis Creek is a creek in Bryce Canyon National Park, Dixie National Forest, and  the Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument in Garfield and Kane counties in southern Utah, United States. The creek rises in the national park in Garfield County, but quickly heads south out of the park to enter the national forest and Kane County. The course of the creek then curves to the east and enters the national monument, were it eventually runs through a wash, which in some sections narrows to become a slot canyon. This slot canyon is officially known as the Willis Creek Slot Canyon and it is a 5.8 mile hike that is accessible at the Willis Creek Slot Canyon Trailhead. This creek is popular with hikers as the stream is generally 1-2 inches deep and a trail runs the length of the creek. The end of the creek is dry.

Willis Creek was named for William Patterson Willis, an early settler in the area.

Garfield County, Utah
Garfield County is a county in south central Utah, United States. As of the 2020 United States census the population was 5,083, making it the fifth-least populous county in Utah; with about one inhabitant per square mile, it is also the least densely populated county in Utah. Its county seat and largest city is Panguitch.
Mangala (game)
Mangala is a traditional Turkish mancala game. It is strictly related to the mancala games Iraqi Halusa, Palestinian Al-manqala, and Baltic German Bohnenspiel. There is also another game referred as Mangala played by the Bedouin in Egypt, and Sudan, but it has quite different rules.

The game can be traced in Ottoman miniatures starting from the 16th century. According to the Turkish ethnologue Metin And, the "mancala" of The Arabian Nights (fifteenth night) could be directly related to this game. It was first described in 1694 by British orientalist Thomas Hyde. The game was also referred as Mangola in some later western works.

The classic mangala game is still known in Turkey, but mangala played in Gaziantep, in Southern Anatolia, is more similar to Syrian mancala La'b Madjnuni (Crazy Game). There are many other mancala variants played in Anatolia: Pıç in Erzurum, Altıev in Safranbolu, Meneli Taş in Ilgın, etc.

Mancala
Mancala (Arabic: منقلة manqalah) is a family of two-player turn-based strategy board games played with small stones, beans, marbles or seeds and rows of holes or pits in the earth, a board or other playing surface.  The objective is usually to capture all or some set of the opponent's pieces.

Versions of the game date back past the 3rd century and evidence suggests such games existed in Ancient Egypt. It is among the oldest known family of games still widely played today.
H. O. Bergqvist
Harry Olaf Bergqvist (4 April 1889 – 3 January 1967) was a Norwegian engineer, businessperson and politician for the Conservative Party.

He was born in Ås, but was raised at Grefsen. In 1915 he moved to Bryn, Oslo. He found work as an engineer in Norsk Gjærde- og Metaldukfabrik, a metal manufacturing company not far from his home. He gradually advanced to become manager of the company. Before Norsk Gjærde- og Metaldukfabrik, he worked for some time in Myrens Verksted.

He was a member of Aker and Oslo municipal councils (Aker was incorporated into Oslo) from 1932 to 1955; for many years in the executive committee. He was a board member of the Oslo branch of the Federation of Mechanical Industries from 1936 to 1940 and Oslo Lysverker, and member of the supervisory council of Akers Sparebank. He was awarded the King's Medal of Merit in 1959. He died in January 1967, and was buried in Østre Aker.

King's Medal of Merit
The King's Medal of Merit (Norwegian: Kongens fortjenstmedalje) is a Norwegian award. It was instituted in 1908 to reward meritorious achievements in the fields of art, science, business, and public service. It is divided in two classes: gold and silver. The medal in gold is rewarded for extraordinary achievements of importance to the nation and society while the medal in silver may be awarded for lesser achievements. It is suspended from a ribbon in the colours of the Royal Standard of Norway.

The medal in gold is ranked eighth in the ranking of Norwegian orders and medals. The medal in silver is ranked 11th.
Austen Harrison
Austen St. Barbe Harrison (1891–1976) was a British-born architect. While British, Harrison spent most of his career overseas, and mainly in the Middle East. His works include the British Representative's Residence, Amman, the High Commissioner's Residence, Jerusalem, the Rockefeller Museum, Jerusalem, 1935, and Nuffield College, Oxford.

Israel Antiquities Authority
The Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA, Hebrew: רשות העתיקות rashut ha-'atiqot; Arabic: دائرة آثار إسرائيل, before 1990, the Israel Department of Antiquities) is an independent Israeli  governmental authority responsible for enforcing the 1978 Law of Antiquities. The IAA regulates excavation and conservation, and promotes research.

The National Campus for the Archaeology of Israel is the new home of the IAA, located on Museum Hill in Jerusalem. In 2025, the almost completed Campus started offering guided tours.
DY postcode area
The DY postcode area, also known as the Dudley postcode area, is a group of fourteen postcode districts in England, within eight post towns. These cover the south-western part of the West Midlands (including Dudley, Tipton, Brierley Hill, Stourbridge and Kingswinford) and north Worcestershire (including Kidderminster, Bewdley and Stourport-on-Severn), plus the south-westernmost part of Staffordshire and a small part of south-east Shropshire.

Mail for this area is sorted, along with mail for the adjacent WV postcode area, at the North West Midlands Mail Centre in Wolverhampton.

Kingswinford
Kingswinford is a town of the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley in the English West Midlands, situated 5 miles (8 km) west-southwest of central Dudley, bordering the South Staffordshire district. In 2011 the area had a population of 25,191, down from 25,808 at the 2001 Census.

The current economic focus of Kingswinford is education and housing for commuters. Positioned at the far western edge of the West Midlands Urban Area it borders on a rural area extending past the River Severn; but its position at the edge of the Black Country and its long standing in the area means it has had significant industrial influence in the past. This is illustrated by the influence in creating local workhouses, which shows a population of 15,000 plus in the 1831 census.
Johan Gørrissen
Johan Fredrik Gørrissen (18 March 1907 – 2 April 1982) was a Norwegian chemical engineer and industrial leader.

He was born in Kristiania, a son of ship-owner Willy Gørrissen and Magdalene Lothe. He graduated in chemical engineering from the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1935. He worked as an engineer for Christiania Spigerverk in the 1930s, and later assumed various leading positions for Elektrokemisk.

During the German occupation of Norway he took part in the leadership of Milorg, (the Norwegian resistance movement), until he was arrested in October 1942, and sent to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp in Germany in 1943. He was decorated with the King's Medal for Courage in the Cause of Freedom for his contributions during World War II.

He died in April 1982 and was buried at Ris.

German occupation of Norway
The occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany during the Second World War began on 9 April 1940 after Operation Weserübung. Conventional armed resistance to the German invasion ended on 10 June 1940, and Nazi Germany controlled Norway until the capitulation of German forces in Europe on 8 May 1945. Throughout this period, a pro-German government named Den nasjonale regjering ('the National Government') ruled Norway, while the Norwegian king Haakon VII and the prewar government escaped to London, where they formed a government in exile. Civil rule was effectively assumed by the Reichskommissariat Norwegen (Reich Commissariat of Norway), which acted in collaboration with the pro-German puppet government. This period of military occupation is, in Norway, referred to as the "war years", "occupation period" or simply "the war".
Rewa Plateau
The Rewa Plateau covers a portion of Rewa district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.

The Rewa Plateau lies between the Kaimur Range in the south and Vindhya Range or Binj Pahar in the north. To the north of the Binj Pahar are the alluvial plains known as Uprihar. The plateau covers the Huzur, Sirmaur and Mauganj tehsils of Rewa district. The height decreases from south to north. The Kaimur Range is more than 450 metres (1,480 ft). The alluvial plains of Teonthar are just around 100 metres (330 ft). A series of plateaux runs along the Kaimur Range. These fluvial plateaux, consists of a series of descending plateaux, starting with the Panna Plateau in the west, followed by Bhander Plateau and Rewa Plateau and ending with Rohtas Plateau in the east.

Mauganj
Mauganj is the administrative headquarter of Mauganj district in Madhya Pradesh. Bagheli is the regional language of Mauganj. Mauganj is the seat of legislative assembly in Madhya Pradesh. Its nearest towns are Manikwar, Hanumana, Deotalab, Naigadhi.
Rancho Bolsa del Pajaro
Rancho Bolsa del Pajaro was a 5,496-acre (22.24 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Santa Cruz  County, California given in 1837 by Governor Juan B. Alvarado to Sebastian Rodríguez.  The name means "pocket of the Pajaro".  
Pocket usually refers to land surrounded by slough—in this case the Watsonville Slough. The grant extended from Monterey Bay to present-day Watsonville with the Pajaro River as its southern boundary.

Santa Cruz County, California
Santa Cruz County (/ˌsæntə ˈkruːz/ ⓘ), officially the County of Santa Cruz, is a county on the Pacific coast of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 270,861. The county seat is Santa Cruz. Santa Cruz County comprises the Santa Cruz–Watsonville, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area. The county is on the California Central Coast, south of the San Francisco Bay Area region. The county forms the northern coast of the Monterey Bay, with Monterey County forming the southern coast.
Gul-o-Gulzar
Gul-o-Gulzar (Urdu: گل و گلزار, lit. 'Gul and Gulzar') is a 2019 Pakistani television series created by Humayun Saeed and Shahzad Nasib under their production house Six Sigma Plus. It focuses on the life of two best friends turned enemies; Gul and Gulzar played by Saboor Aly and Kinza Hashmi, respectively. The serial aired every Thursday evening on ARY Digital.

It was broadcast by MBC Bollywood in Arab countries under the title جل و جلزار. The series is available on Indian OTT Platform MX Player.

ARY Digital
ARY Digital HD (Urdu: ARY ڈیجیٹل) is a Pakistani television network available in Pakistan. ARY Digital was founded by a Dubai-based holding company of Pakistani businessman, Abdul Razzak Yaqoob and Salman Iqbal (ARY). The network is focused towards on Pakistani entertainment dramas, sitcoms, talk shows, web series and culture.

The channel broadcasts on cable and satellite networks, linear television as well as streaming platforms including YouTube Channel and ARY ZAP.
Hieracium lucidum
Hieracium lucidum, or Sicilian sparviere, is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is very similar to Hieracium cophanense. Hieracium lucidum is a perennial herb that prefers the northern slopes of chalky seaside cliffs exposed to wet winds, including sites rich in nitrates from sea bird droppings. Unlike most other hawkweeds, this species reproduces only from seeds.

Calcareous
Calcareous (/kælˈkɛəriəs/) is an adjective meaning "mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate", in other words, containing lime or being chalky. The term is  used in a wide variety of scientific disciplines.
Kazim Ali
Kazim Ali (born April 5, 1971) is an American poet, novelist, essayist, and professor. His most recent books are Inquisition (Wesleyan University Press, 2018) and
All One's Blue (Harper Collins India, 2016). His honors include an Individual Excellence Award from the Ohio Arts Council. His poetry and essays have appeared in literary journals and magazines including The American Poetry Review, Boston Review, Barrow Street, Jubilat, The Iowa Review, West Branch and Massachusetts Review, and in The Best American Poetry 2007.

The Massachusetts Review
The Massachusetts Review is a literary quarterly founded in 1959 by a group of professors from Amherst College, Mount Holyoke College, Smith College, and the University of Massachusetts Amherst. It receives financial support from Five Colleges, Inc., a consortium which includes Amherst College and four other educational institutions in a short geographical radius.
Vsevolozhsk constituency
The Vsevolozhsk constituency (No.111) is a Russian legislative constituency in Leningrad Oblast. The constituency covers northern Leningrad Oblast and eastern suburbs of Saint Petersburg.

The constituency has been represented since 2021 by United Russia deputy Svetlana Zhurova, four-term State Duma member and 2006 Olympic speed skater, who won the open seat, after defeating one-term United Russia incumbent Vladimir Drachev in the primary.

Priozersky District
Priozersky District (Russian: Приозерский район) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast and borders with Lakhdenpokhsky District of the Republic of Karelia in the north, Vsevolozhsky District in the south, and Vyborgsky District in the west. In the east, the district is bounded by Lake Ladoga. The area of the district is 3,597.5 square kilometers (1,389.0 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Priozersk. Population (excluding the administrative center): 43,260 (2010 Census); 42,859 (2002 Census); 40,231 (1989 Soviet census).
Fay Jones (politician)
Fay Alicia Jones (born 18 January 1985) is a British former politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Brecon and Radnorshire from 2019 to 2024. She is a member of the Conservative Party and a former junior government minister.

Parliamentary private secretary
A parliamentary private secretary (PPS) is a member of Parliament (MP) in the United Kingdom who acts as an unpaid assistant to a government minister or a shadow minister. They are selected from backbench MPs as the "eyes and ears" of the minister in the House of Commons.

PPSs are junior to parliamentary under-secretaries of state, a ministerial post salaried by one or more departments.
Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis
Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (English: "Our Dear Lady Hospital") is a major clinical hospital situated near Oosterpark in Amsterdam in the Netherlands. Founded in 1898, it is now part of OLVG, a network of hospitals formed by the merger of the Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis with the former Sint Lucas Andreas hospital, and is now known as OLVG, West Location.

Oosterpark (Amsterdam)
The Oosterpark (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌoːstərˈpɑr(ə)k], "Eastern Park") is the first large park laid out by the municipality of Amsterdam. Located near the Singelgracht of the Mauritskade to the north, it is the principal component of the Oosterpark neighbourhood in the Oost borough. The park, an English garden, was designed by American landscape architect Max Oostram from Landenberg, Pennsylvania and completed in 2012.
Frederick Gordon Spear
Frederick Gordon Spear (often F. Gordon Spear or F.G. Spear; 1895–1980) was a British physician and researcher. Originally trained in tropical medicine, he spent time working in what was then the Belgian Congo. After his return to England in 1923, he became interested in radiology and radiobiology. As a member of the Medical Research Council, he was involved in the decision to continue work at Strangeways Research Laboratory following the 1926 death of founder Thomas Strangeways. He served as Deputy Director under the laboratory's longtime director Honor Fell from 1931 to 1958. While at Strangeways he conducted experiments on the effects of radiation on cells and tissues, particularly tissue cultures derived from cancers.: 254  He was known for forceful rhetoric in support of the then-controversial field of tissue culture and its potential in informing clinical practice.

Tissue culture
Tissue culture is the growth of tissues or cells in an artificial medium separate from the parent organism. This technique is also called micropropagation. This is typically facilitated via use of a liquid, semi-solid, or solid growth medium, such as broth or agar. Tissue culture commonly refers to the culture of animal cells and tissues, with the more specific term plant tissue culture being used for plants. The term "tissue culture" was coined by American pathologist Montrose Thomas Burrows.