hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Tree (short story)
"The Tree" is a macabre short story by American horror fiction writer H. P. Lovecraft. It was written in 1920, and published in October 1921 in The Tryout. Set in ancient Greece, the story concerns two sculptors who accept a commission with ironic consequences.

Lovecraft wrote "The Tree" early in his career. He was dismissive of the story in a 1936 letter. Such stories, he said, "if typed on good stock make excellent shelf-paper, but little else." The assessment of Lovecraft authority S. T. Joshi was that although the story "may be a trifle obvious... it is an effective display of Lovecraft's skill in handling a historical setting."

Macabre
In art, the term macabre (US: /məˈkɑːb/ or UK: /məˈkɑːbrə/; French: [makabʁ]) means "having the quality of having a grim or ghastly atmosphere".

The macabre emphasises the details and symbols of death.
Ricky Hatton vs. Juan Lazcano
Ricky Hatton vs. Juan Lazcano, billed as Homecoming, was a boxing light welterweight fight between Ricky Hatton and challenger Juan Lazcano for the IBO and The Ring titles. It was held in Manchester, England at the City of Manchester Stadium in front of a record 55,000 fans. This was a record for a boxing event post world war II, until 2014 when Carl Froch faced George Groves, fight which sold 80,000 seats. The fight went the full 12 rounds and Hatton won by unanimous decision.

Unanimous decision
A unanimous decision (UD) is a winning criterion in several full-contact combat sports, such as boxing, kickboxing, Muay Thai, mixed martial arts and other sports involving striking and submission in which all three judges agree on which fighter won the match.

In boxing, each of the three judges keeps score (round by round) of which fighter they feel is winning (and losing). This only includes landed blows to the head or the body. In MMA, judges look for different criteria such as kicks, take-downs, punches, knees, elbows, cage control, submission attempts, and aggression. A decision is not required to be unanimous for a boxer or mixed martial artist to be given a victory. In the modern era of Olympic boxing, UD is utilized more often than other outcomes, including stoppages. Unanimous decision should not be confused with a majority decision or split decision.
Tunisian Armed Forces
The Tunisian Armed Forces (Arabic: القوات المسلحة التونسية) consist of the Tunisian Army, Air Force and Navy.

As of 2019, Tunisia had armed forces with more than 150,000 active-duty personnel, of which 80,000 were conscripts. Paramilitary forces consisted of a 12,000-member national guard. Tunisia participates in United Nations peacekeeping efforts in the DROC (MONUSCO) and Côte d'Ivoire. Previous United Nations peacekeeping deployments for the Tunisian armed forces have included Cambodia (UNTAC), Namibia (UNTAG), Somalia, Rwanda, Burundi, Ethiopia/Eritrea (UNMEE), and the 1960s mission in the Congo, ONUC.

La Combattante III type fast attack craft
The La Combattante III type patrol boat was a type of fast attack craft built in France for export during the late 1970s and 1980s. The design was a modification of the successful La Combattante II type fast attack craft. Nineteen ships of the design were built in various classes for several navies around the world.
Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Comic Role
Indian Telly Award for Best Actor in a Comic Role – Female is an award given by IndianTelevision.com as part of its annual Indian Telly Awards for TV serials, to recognize a female actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a comic role.

The award was first awarded in 2002. Since 2012, the award has been separated in two categories, Jury Award and Popular Award. Jury award is given by the chosen jury of critics assigned to the function while Popular Award is given on the basis of public voting.

Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah
Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah (transl. "Taarak Mehta's Inverted Spectacles"), often abbreviated as TMKOC, is an Indian sitcom and comedy based on the weekly column Duniya Ne Undha Chasma by Tarak Mehta for the magazine Chitralekha. Produced by Asit Kumarr Modi, it is one of the longest-running television series in India. The series premiered on 28 July 2008 on Sony SAB and is also digitally available on SonyLIV.
Peruvanam
Peruvanam (Peruvanam Gramam) is a historical area of Brahmin settlement in central Kerala. In Kerala Sanskrit literature, the name "Peruvanam" is often Sanskritized as Puruvana meaning the forest where a sage named Puru lived and meditated. The name "Perumanam" is also used instead of Peruvanam.

Katapayadi system
Kaṭapayādi system (Devanagari: कटपयादि, also known as Paralppēru, Malayalam: പരല്‍പ്പേര്) of numerical notation is an ancient Indian alphasyllabic numeral system to depict letters to numerals for easy remembrance of numbers as words or verses. Assigning more than one letter to one numeral and nullifying certain other letters as valueless, this system provides the flexibility in forming meaningful words out of numbers which can be easily remembered.
Shampoo (duo)
Shampoo were a 1990s English pop-punk duo consisting of Jacqueline "Jacqui" Blake (born 23 November 1974 in Woolwich) and Caroline "Carrie" Askew (born 4 May 1976 in Plumstead). Their 1994 song "Trouble", from their debut album, We Are Shampoo, reached No. 11 in the UK Singles Chart and was featured in 1995's Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie.

Trojan War (film)
Trojan War is a 1997 American teen comedy film directed by George Huang and starring Will Friedle, Jennifer Love Hewitt, and Marley Shelton. The film was a critical and box office failure. Produced for $15 million, it made only $309 in ticket sales because it was played at two movie theaters in the United States and was pulled after only a week.
Ken Doubleday
Kenneth Leslie Doubleday (14 February 1926 – 8 June 2014) was an Australian hurdler and triple jumper who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics and in the 1956 Summer Olympics.

Doubleday finished third behind fellow Australian Ray Weinberg in the 120 yards hurdles event at the British 1952 AAA Championships.

1952 AAA Championships
The 1952 AAA Championships was the 1952 edition of the annual outdoor track and field competition organised by the Amateur Athletic Association (AAA). It was held from 21 to 22 June 1952 at White City Stadium in London, England.
Newton Abbot RFC
Newton Abbot Rugby Club is an English rugby union team based the town of Kingsteignton, just outside of Newton Abbot in Devon. The club runs two senior teams and a ladies side as well as the full range of junior teams.  The first XV play in Counties 1 Western West, a level seven league in the English rugby union system, following their relegation from Regional 2 South West at the end of the 2024–25 season.

Denys Dobson
Denys Douglas Dobson (28 October 1880 – 10 July 1916) was an English international rugby union forward who played club rugby for Oxford University and Newton Abbot. Dobson played international rugby for England and the British Isles team on its 1904 tour of Australia. Dobson was the first player from a British touring rugby team to be dismissed from the playing field, when he was sent off in a match against the Northern District in Newcastle, New South Wales.
Lais of Marie de France
The lais of Marie de France are a series of twelve short narrative Breton lais by the poet Marie de France. They are written in Anglo-Norman and were probably composed in the late 12th century, most likely between 1155–1170. The short, narrative poems generally focus on glorifying the concept of courtly love by the adventures of their main characters. Marie's lais are thought to form the basis for what would eventually become the genre known as the Breton lais. Despite her stature in Anglo-Norman literature and medieval French literature generally, little is known of Marie herself, but it is thought that she was born in France and wrote in England.

Anglo-Norman language
Anglo-Norman (Norman: Anglo-Normaund; French: Anglo-normand), also known as Anglo-Norman French and part of the French of England (including Anglo-French) was a dialect of Old Norman that was used in England and, to a lesser extent, other places in Great Britain and Ireland during the Anglo-Norman period.
Gest (surname)
Gest is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alain Gest (born 1950), French politician

David Gest (1953–2016), American television producer

John B. Gest (1823–1907), American banker and lawyer

Joseph Henry Gest (1859–1935), American artist and museum director

Lillian Gest (1897–1986), American mountain climber, writer

Morris Gest (1875–1942), Jewish-American theatrical producer

William H. Gest (1838-1912), member of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois

David Gest
David Alan Gest (May 11, 1953 – April 12, 2016) was an American producer and television personality. Gest founded the American Cinema Awards Foundation in 1983. He produced the television special Michael Jackson: 30th Anniversary Celebration in 2001, which was the last reunion of Michael Jackson and the Jacksons coming almost 17 years after their previous reunion. Gest appeared on the 2006 series of the British reality television show I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!. He frequently made tabloid headlines during his marriage with Liza Minnelli. In 2016, Gest appeared in Celebrity Big Brother 17 in the UK but elected to leave the show after 13 days due to "medical reasons". This resulted him finishing in 13th place.
Thomas E. Corts
Thomas Edward Corts (1941–2009) was an American university president. He served as President of Wingate College in North Carolina from 1974 to 1983, and the 17th President of Samford University in Birmingham, Alabama from 1983 to 2006.

Wingate University
Wingate University is a private university with campuses in Wingate and Hendersonville, North Carolina, United States. The university enrolls more than 3,450 students and offers 37 undergraduate majors as well as 7 master's and 5 doctoral degrees. Academic programs are housed in the Cannon College of Arts and Sciences; the Levine College of Health Sciences; the Byrum School of Business; and the College of Professional Studies, which includes the Thayer School of Education and the School of Sport Sciences.

The university was originally affiliated with the Baptist State Convention of North Carolina. Although it is no longer affiliated with the Baptist convention, the university's materials identify it as promoting "Judeo-Christian principles" and there is no faith requirement for admission to, or employment at, the university.
Selby Mvusi
Selby Mvusi (1929–1967) was a South African artist. He was born in Richmond, KwaZulu-Natal, on 18 June 1929. In 1961 he took a post at Clarke College, Atlanta, Georgia. He died in a car crash near Nairobi, Kenya, on 10 December 1967. In 2015 Elza Miles wrote a biography of Mvusi, called Selby Mvusi: To Fly with the North Bird South.

Clark Atlanta University
Clark Atlanta University (CAU or Clark Atlanta) is a private, Methodist, historically black research university in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It was founded on September 19, 1865, as Atlanta University, the first HBCU in the United States to confer graduate degrees to African Americans.   In 1988, the school consolidated with Clark College (established 1869) to form CAU. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Tabernaemontana rotensis
Tabernaemontana rotensis is a species of endangered tree in the dogbane family (Apocynaceae). It is endemic to the Mariana Islands of Guam and Rota, where it grows as a medium-sized tree in native karst forests in shade or full sun.

Rota, Northern Mariana Islands
Rota (Chamorro: Luta), also known as the "Friendly Island", is the southernmost island of the United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) and the third southernmost of the Marianas Archipelago (the first being Cocos Island). Early Spanish records called it Zarpana; the name Rota may have come from the Andalusian municipality of Rota. It lies approximately 40 nautical miles (74 km) north-northeast of the separately administered United States territory of Guam. Sinapalo village is the largest and most populated, followed by Songsong village. Rota functions as one of the four municipalities of the CNMI.
Mizan Rahman
Mizan Rahman (September 16, 1932 – January 5, 2015) was a Bangladeshi Canadian mathematician and writer. He specialized in fields of mathematics such as hypergeometric series and orthogonal polynomials. He also had interests encompassing literature, philosophy, scientific skepticism, freethinking and rationalism. He co-authored Basic Hypergeometric Series with George Gasper. This book is widely considered as the standard work of choice for that subject of study. He also published ten Bengali books.

Hypergeometric function
In mathematics, the Gaussian or ordinary hypergeometric function 2F1(a, b; c; z) is a special function represented by the hypergeometric series, that includes many other special functions as specific or limiting cases. It is a solution of a second-order linear ordinary differential equation (ODE). Every second-order linear ODE with three regular singular points can be transformed into this equation.

For systematic lists of some of the many thousands of published identities involving the hypergeometric function, see the reference works by Erdélyi et al. (1953) and Olde Daalhuis (2010). There is no known system for organizing all of the identities; indeed, there is no known algorithm that can generate all identities; a number of different algorithms are known that generate different series of identities. The theory of the algorithmic discovery of identities remains an active research topic.
Rhizamoeba
Rhizamoeba is a small genus of free-living  marine naked lobose amoebae in the monotypic family Rhizamoebidae in the order Leptomyxida. It is most closely related to Leptomyxa and Flabellula, and some species have been moved to Leptomyxa due to molecular data.

Lobosa
Lobosa is a taxonomic group of amoebae in the phylum Amoebozoa.  Most lobosans possess broad, bluntly rounded pseudopods, although one genus in the group, the recently discovered Sapocribrum, has slender and threadlike (filose) pseudopodia. In current classification schemes, Lobosa is a subphylum, composed mainly of amoebae that have lobose pseudopods but lack cilia or flagella.
Medea in Corinto
Medea in Corinto (Medea in Corinth) is an 1813 opera in Italian by the composer Simon Mayr. It takes the form of a melodramma tragico in two acts. The libretto, by Felice Romani, is based on the Greek myth of Medea and the plays on the theme by Euripides and Pierre Corneille. The same subject had formed the basis for Luigi Cherubini's famous opera Médée (1797) which may have had an influence on Mayr's work. Medea in Corinto was first performed at the Teatro San Carlo in Naples on 28 November 1813 and was Mayr's greatest theatrical success.

Felice Romani
Giuseppe Felice Romani (31 January 1788 – 28 January 1865) was an Italian poet and scholar of literature and mythology who wrote many librettos for the opera composers Donizetti and Bellini. Romani was considered the finest Italian librettist between Metastasio and Boito.
Indre Sorokaite
Indrė Sorokaitė (born 2 July 1988) is a Lithuanian-born Italian volleyball player. She plays for Union Volley Pinerolo and for the Italy women's national volleyball team. She competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

Italy women's national volleyball team
The Italy women's national volleyball team represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches. As of 2025, they hold three major trophies: they are the current Olympics champions, 2025 FIVB Women's Volleyball Nations League title holders and world champions. The national team is controlled by the Federazione Italiana Pallavolo (FIPAV), the governing body for volleyball in Italy. The team's biggest victories were the gold medal at the 2024 Summer Olympics, the 2002 and 2025 World Championships, and the 2007 and 2011 World Cups. In 28 September 2025, with Italy equaled a record previously held by the USSR by becoming world volleyball champions in both men’s and women’s competitions — a feat the Soviet Union had achieved in 1952 and 1960.
Norbuprenorphine
Norbuprenorphine is a major active metabolite of the opioid modulator buprenorphine. It is a μ-opioid, δ-opioid, and nociceptin receptor full agonist, and a κ-opioid receptor partial agonist. In rats, unlike buprenorphine, norbuprenorphine produces marked respiratory depression but with very little antinociceptive effect. In explanation of these properties, norbuprenorphine has been found to be a high affinity P-glycoprotein substrate, and in accordance, shows very limited blood-brain-barrier penetration.

Opioid modulator
An opioid modulator (or opioid receptor modulator) is a drug which has mixed agonist and antagonist actions at different opioid receptors and thus cannot clearly be described as either an opioid agonist or antagonist. An example of an opioid modulator is buprenorphine, which is a partial agonist of the μ-opioid receptor and an antagonist of the κ-opioid receptor.
Ambrose Blacklock
Ambrose Blacklock (May 17, 1784 – October 5, 1866) was a Scottish-born farmer, physician and political figure in Upper Canada.

He was born in Dumfries and studied medicine in Scotland. In 1807, he was commissioned as a surgeon in the Royal Navy. He served on lakes Ontario and Champlain during the War of 1812. Blacklock lived in Cornwall and later St. Andrews. He married Catherine Macdonell. Blacklock served as a justice of the peace and coroner for the Eastern District.

He represented Stormont in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada from 1828 to 1830 as a Reformer.

He died at St. Andrews at the age of 82.

Coroner
A coroner is a government or judicial official who is empowered to conduct or order an inquest into the manner or cause of death. The official may also investigate or confirm the identity of an unknown person who has been found dead within the coroner's jurisdiction.

In Medieval England, English coroners were Crown officials who held financial powers and conducted some judicial investigations in order to counterbalance the power of sheriffs or bailiffs.

Depending on the jurisdiction, the coroner may adjudge the cause of death personally, or may act as the presiding officer of a special court (a "coroner's jury"). The term coroner derives from the same source as the word crown.
Sailmaker's whipping
The sailmaker's whipping is one of the most durable and stable of rope whippings known. According to The Ashley Book of Knots, "palm-and-needle whipping, or sailmaker's whipping, is the most satisfactory of all."

Whipping knot
A whipping knot or whipping is a binding of marline twine or whipcord around the end of a rope to prevent its natural tendency to fray.

Some whippings are finished cleanly, as by drawing the bitter end of the cordage beneath the whipping itself. Others are tied off or have the end(s) of the twine sewn through the rope. According to The Ashley Book of Knots, "The purpose of a whipping is to prevent the end of a rope from fraying ... A whipping should be, in width, about equal to the diameter of the rope on which it is put ... [Two sailmaker's whippings], a short distance apart, are put in the ends of every reef point, where the constant 'whipping' against the sail makes the wear excessive; this is said to be the source of the name whipping." The other type of stopping knot is a seizing knot.

Whipping is suitable for synthetic and natural stranded and braided lines, including 3-strand rope, 4-strand cable and 8-strand multiplait, as well as concentric and braided constructions.
Feminist movements and ideologies
A variety of movements of feminist ideology have developed over the years. They vary in goals, strategies, and affiliations. They often overlap, and some feminists identify themselves with several branches of feminist thought.

Bracha L. Ettinger
Bracha Lichtenberg Ettinger (Hebrew: ברכה ליכטנברג אטינגר; born 23 March 1948) is an Israeli-French artist, writer, psychoanalyst and philosopher based in France. Born in Mandatory Palestine, she lives and works in Paris. She is a feminist theorist and artist in contemporary New European Painting who invented the concepts of the matrixial space and matrixial gaze and related concepts around trauma, aesthetics and ethics. Ettinger is a professor at European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland and at GCAS, Dublin. In 2023, she was part of the Finding Committee for the Artistic Director of Documenta's 2027 edition. She resigned from that role with a public letter intended to open a radical discussion in the artworld, following the administration's rejection of her request for a pause due to the attacks on civilians in Israel and in Gaza and the ongoing heavy losses of life.
USCGC Ida Lewis
USCGC Ida Lewis (WLM-551) is the lead ship of the United States Coast Guard Keeper-class of Coastal Buoy Tenders.  Launched in 1995, she has spent her entire career maintaining navigational aids near her homeport of Newport, Rhode Island.  Ida Lewis is assigned to the First Coast Guard District.

Buoy tender
A buoy tender is a type of vessel used to maintain and replace navigational buoys. This term can also apply to an actual person who does this work.

The United States Coast Guard uses buoy tenders to accomplish one of its primary missions of maintaining all U.S. aids to navigation (ATON).

The Canadian Coast Guard uses multi-use vessels (most being icebreakers) with tasks including buoy tending.
Diffused monotheism
Diffused monotheism (from Greek μόνος "one" and θεός "god," with Middle French diffuser, from Latin diffūsus, past participle of diffundere, from dis- + fundere) is a term primarily used by scholars in the philosophy of religion and theology to refer to the belief in one Supreme Being who consigns authority to myriad lesser divinities or deities, creating a belief system where the One God is generally acknowledged but worship is centred on the other divinities, making it seem like polytheism while still established in monotheism. Closely related to the concept of henotheism, it was originated by E. Bolaji Idowu in 1962.

Middle French
Middle French (French: moyen français) is a historical division of the French language that covers the period from the mid-14th to the early 17th centuries. It is a period of transition during which:

the French language became clearly distinguished from the other competing Oïl languages, which are sometimes subsumed within the concept of Old French (l'ancien français)

the French language was imposed as the official language of the Kingdom of France in place of Latin and other Oïl and Occitan languages

the literary development of French prepared the vocabulary and grammar for the Classical French (le français classique) spoken in the 17th and 18th centuries.

It is the first version of French that is largely intelligible to Modern French, contrary to Old French.
Valerie Brandes
Valerie Brandes is a British publisher who is the founder and CEO of Jacaranda Books, a diversity-led publishing house established in 2012. She was born in London, and studied American and Commonwealth Arts before taking a master's degree in Publishing Studies. She worked for the publishing companies Barnes and Noble and Profile Books, before setting up Jacaranda Books.

Brandes was listed consecutively in the Powerlist 2018 and Powerlist 2019 as one of the 100 most influential black Britons. In June 2021, she was an invited speaker at the online London Book Fair.

Powerlist
The Powerlist is a list of the 100 most influential people of African or African Caribbean heritage in the United Kingdom. The list is updated annually and has been published in book format by Powerful Media since 2007. The Powerlist is not limited to British-born citizens and includes immigrants to the UK.