hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Batholith
A batholith (from Ancient Greek βαθύς (bathús), meaning "deep", and λίθος (líthos), meaning "stone") is a large mass of intrusive igneous rock (also called plutonic rock), larger than 100 km2 (40 sq mi) in area, that forms from cooled magma deep in the Earth's crust. Batholiths are almost always made mostly of felsic or intermediate rock types, such as granite, quartz monzonite, or diorite (see also granite dome).

Diorite
Diorite (/ˈdaɪ.əraɪt/ DY-ə-ryte) is an intrusive igneous rock formed by the slow cooling underground of magma (molten rock) that has a moderate content of silica and a relatively low content of alkali metals. It is intermediate in composition between low-silica (mafic) gabbro and high-silica (felsic) granite.

Diorite is found in mountain-building belts (orogens) on the margins of continents. It has the same composition as the fine-grained volcanic rock, andesite, which is also common in orogens.

Diorite has been used since prehistoric times as decorative stone. It was used by the Akkadian Empire of Sargon of Akkad for funerary sculptures, and by many later civilizations for sculptures and building stone.
USS Puget Sound
USS Puget Sound has been the name of more than one ship of the United States Navy. These ships are named after Puget Sound in the state of Washington.

USS Salisbury Sound, a Currituck-class seaplane tender, was originally to be named Puget Sound; however it was renamed prior to launching in 1944.

The first commissioned USS Puget Sound (CVE-113) was an escort carrier in service for somewhat over a year, in 1945 and 1946.

The second USS Puget Sound (AD-38) was a destroyer tender in service from 1968 to 1996.

Destroyer tender
A destroyer tender or destroyer depot ship is a type of depot ship: an auxiliary ship designed to provide maintenance support to a flotilla of destroyers or other small warships. The use of this class has faded from its peak in the first half of the 20th century as the roles and weaponry of small combatants have evolved (in conjunction with technological advances in propulsion reliability and efficiency).
Isabel Bassett Wasson
Isabel Bassett Wasson (January 11, 1897 – February 21, 1994) was one of the first female petroleum geologists in the United States, the first female ranger at Yellowstone National Park, and also one of the first interpretive rangers (male or female) hired by the National Park Service.

Petroleum geologist
A petroleum geologist is an earth scientist who works in the field of petroleum geology, which involves all aspects of the discovery and production of oil and gas. Petroleum geologists are usually linked to the actual discovery of oil and gas and the identification of possible new oil deposits or gas fields. It can be a very labor-intensive task involving several different fields of science and elaborate equipment. Petroleum geologists look at the structural and sedimentary aspects of the stratum/strata to identify possible oil traps or tight shale plays.
Merle F. Palmer
Merle Franklin Palmer (March 11, 1919 - January 1, 1990)  was a state legislator and judge in Mississippi. He served in the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1960 to 1964 and the Mississippi Senate from 1964 to 1970, when he was appointed to the State Circuit Court. He served as president pro tempore of the Mississippi Senate and was acting governor of the state for part of January 1968.

He was a leader during desegregation. He chaired the senate's election committee.

Mississippi House of Representatives
The Mississippi House of Representatives is the lower house of the Mississippi Legislature, the lawmaking body of the U.S. state of Mississippi, the upper house being the Mississippi Senate. According to the state constitution of 1890, it is to comprise no more than 122 members elected for four-year terms. To qualify as a member of the House, candidates must be at least 21 years old, a resident of Mississippi for at least four years, and a resident in the district for at least two years. Elections are held the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November.
Jake Hallum
John Jacob Hallum Jr. (November 2, 1938 – August 6, 2015) was an American football coach and scout. He served as the head football coach at Morehead State University in Morehead, Kentucky from 1968 to 1971, compiling a record of 22–17–1. After leaving Morehead State, he was an offensive line assistant under Jerry Claiborne at the University of Maryland and University of Kentucky. Following his retirement from coaching, Hallum served as a scout for New England Patriots and Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL).

Morehead State University
Morehead State University (MSU) is a public university in Morehead, Kentucky, United States. The university began as Morehead Normal School, which opened its doors in 1887. The Craft Academy for Excellence in Science and Mathematics, a two-year residential early college high school on the university's campus, was established in 2014.
Deane Keller (portraitist)
Deane Keller BEM (December 14, 1901 – April 12, 1992) was an American artist, academic, soldier, art restorer, and preservationist. He taught for forty years at Yale University's School of Fine Arts, and during World War II was an officer with the Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives program.

Preservationist
Preservationist is generally understood to mean historic preservationist: one who advocates to preserve architecturally or historically significant buildings, structures, objects, or sites from demolition or degradation. Historic preservation usually refers to the preservation of the built environment, not to the preservation of, for instance, primeval forests or wilderness.

Preservationist is, however, sometimes used descriptively in other contexts, notably with regard to language and the environment.
Wilhelm Fliess
Wilhelm Fliess (German: Fließ [fliːs]; 24 October 1858 – 13 October 1928) was a German otolaryngologist who practised in Berlin. He developed the pseudoscientific theory of human biorhythms and a possible nasogenital connection that have not been accepted by modern scientists. He is today best remembered for his close friendship and theoretical collaboration with Sigmund Freud, a controversial chapter in the history of psychoanalysis.

Otorhinolaryngology
Otorhinolaryngology (/oʊtoʊˌraɪnoʊˌlærɪnˈɡɒlədʒi/ oh-toh-RY-noh-LARR-in-GOL-ə-jee, abbreviated ORL and also known as otolaryngology, otolaryngology – head and neck surgery (ORL–H&N or OHNS), or ear, nose, and throat (ENT) ) is a surgical subspecialty within medicine that deals with the surgical and medical management of conditions of the head and neck. Doctors who specialize in this area are called otorhinolaryngologists, otolaryngologists, head and neck surgeons, or ENT surgeons or physicians.

Patients seek treatment from an otorhinolaryngologist for diseases of the ear, nose, throat, base of the skull, head, and neck. These commonly include functional diseases that affect the senses and activities of eating, drinking, speaking, breathing, swallowing, and hearing. In addition, ENT surgery encompasses the surgical management of cancers and benign tumors and reconstruction of the head and neck as well as plastic surgery of the face, scalp, and neck.
Kent Persson (politician)
Kent Fredrik Persson (born 3 March 1971) is a Swedish politician who was party secretary of the Moderate Party from 2012 to 2015. On 18 December 2014, Persson announced his resignation as party secretary following the party's leadership election on 10 January 2015, and to leave the political arena.

From 2011 to 2012, Persson was the opposition leader in Örebro Municipality and was earlier opposition leader for Örebro County Council. He was also provincial chairman of the Moderate Party in Örebro County until 2012 and was a member of the executive board of the Moderate Party from 2011 to 2015.

Kent Persson is married and has two children. He is a teetotaler.

Teetotalism
Teetotalism is the practice of voluntarily abstaining from the consumption of alcohol. A person who practises (and possibly advocates) teetotalism is known as a teetotaller (British English) or teetotaler (American English) and is said to be teetotal. Globally, in 2016, 57% of adults did not drink alcohol in the past year, and 44.5% had never consumed alcohol. A number of temperance organisations have been founded to promote teetotalism and provide spaces for nondrinkers to socialise.

Teetotalism is found as an aspect of religious practise in Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Jainism, Sikhism and in some forms of Christianity. Other common reasons for choosing teetotalism are psychological, health, medical, philosophical, social, political, past alcoholism, or simply preference.
Oxydendrum
Oxydendrum arboreum (/ˌɒksɪˈdɛndrəm ɑːrˈbɔːriəm/ OK-sih-DEN-drəm ar-BOR-ee-əm), commonly known as sourwood or sorrel tree, is the sole species in the genus Oxydendrum, in the family Ericaceae. It is native to eastern North America, from southern Pennsylvania south to northwest Florida and west to southern Illinois; it is most common in the lower chain of the Appalachian Mountains. The tree is frequently seen as a component of oak-heath forests.

Ericaceae
The Ericaceae (/ˌɛrɪˈkeɪsi.aɪ, -iː/) are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with about 4,250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it the 14th most speciose family of flowering plants. The many well known and economically important members of the Ericaceae include the cranberry, blueberry, huckleberry, rhododendron (including azaleas), and various common heaths and heathers (Erica, Cassiope, Daboecia, and Calluna for example).
Peter Lee (bishop of Christ the King)
Christianity portal

Peter John Lee (born 5 June 1947) is a retired South African Anglican bishop. He was bishop of the Diocese of Christ the King, Johannesburg.

Educated at Gresham's School, Holt, Norfolk, the Hotchkiss School in Connecticut and St. John's College, Cambridge, Lee was ordained in the Church of England and has worked in South Africa since 1976.

Lee worked with Archbishop Desmond Tutu as canon missioner of the Anglican diocese of Johannesburg before being elected as bishop of the new Diocese of Christ the King. He retired in June 2016. The electoral college whose job it was to elect a successor failed to do so. The synod of bishops of the Anglican Church of Southern Africa appointed a successor at their meeting in 2016.

Holt, Norfolk
Holt is a market town and civil parish in the county of Norfolk, England. The town is 23 miles (37 km) north of the city of Norwich, 10 miles (16 km) west of Cromer and 35 miles (56 km) east of King's Lynn. The town has a population of 3,550, rising and including the ward to 3,810 at the 2011 census. Holt is within the area covered by North Norfolk District Council. Holt has a heritage railway station; it is the south-western terminus of the preserved North Norfolk Railway, known as the Poppy Line.
Deaths in April 2025
The following is a list of notable deaths in April 2025.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

SC Preußen Münster
SC Preußen Münster (English: Prussia Münster) is a German sports club based in Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia which is mostly recognised for its football section. The football team currently plays in the 2. Bundesliga which is the second tier in German football. Preußen Münster also fields teams in tennis, athletics, futsal, handball, fistball, darts and esports.
Scottish Region of British Railways
The Scottish Region (ScR) was one of the six regions created on British Railways (BR) and consisted of ex-London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) and ex-London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) lines in Scotland. It existed from the creation of BR in 1948, and was renamed to ScotRail in the mid-1980s (see separate entity for details).

Stranraer
Stranraer (Scottish Gaelic: An t-Sròn Reamhar [ən̪ˠˌt̪ʰɾɔːn ˈɾãũ.əɾ]), also known as The Toon or The Cleyhole, is a town in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, on Loch Ryan and the northern side of the isthmus joining the Rhins of Galloway to the mainland. Stranraer is Dumfries and Galloway's second-largest town, with a population of 10,593.

Stranraer is the administrative centre for the Wigtownshire area of Dumfries and Galloway. It was formerly a ferry port, connecting Scotland with Belfast and Larne in Northern Ireland; the service was transferred to nearby Cairnryan in 2011. It lies 87 miles (140 km) south-west of Glasgow, 52 miles (84 km) south-west of Ayr and 72 miles (116 km) west of Dumfries.

The town's English name comes from its Scottish Gaelic counterpart An t-Sròn Reamhar, meaning "the broad headland" or "the fat nose".
King Hussein Business Park
King Hussein Business Park is a Jordanian business park located in west Amman. It is named after the late King Hussein and contains office buildings, auditorium, sports complex, and support areas that are equipped with an extensive ICT infrastructure.

It is home to over 40 major companies branches located in Amman such as; Hewlet-Packard, Rubicon LG and many others. And home to the annual New Think Festival and Zain Innovative Campus (ZINC).

Since the park opened in 2010, it has attracted $175 million in investment and created 3,600 jobs. In 2017, CEO Soud Soror said that the business park had reached 95% occupancy and that plans were underway to expand the park from 106,000 square meters of building area to 1.4 million square meters.

Rubicon
The Rubicon (Latin: Rubico; Italian: Rubicone [rubiˈkoːne]; Romagnol: Rubicôn [rubiˈkoːŋ]) is a shallow river in northeastern Italy, just south of Cesena and north of Rimini. It was known as Fiumicino until 1933, when it was identified with the ancient river Rubicon, crossed by Julius Caesar in 49 BC.
The river flows for around 80 km (50 mi) from the Apennine Mountains to the Adriatic Sea through the south of the Emilia-Romagna region, between the towns of Rimini and Cesena.
Alaka
Alaka (Sanskrit: अलका, romanized: Alakā), also called Alakapuri or Alkavati, is a city featured in Hinduism. It is the home of Kubera, the king of a race called the yakshas and the god of wealth. The Mahabharata mentions this city as the capital of the Yaksha kingdom. This city is said to rival Amaravati, the capital of Indra, the king of the devas, in its architecture, opulence, and overall splendour. It is quoted in the Sanskrit lyrical poem Meghadūta by Kalidasa.

Devanagari transliteration
Devanagari transliteration is the process of representing text written in Devanagari script—an Indic script used for Classical Sanskrit and many other Indic languages—in the Latin script, preserving pronunciation and spelling conventions. There are several methods of transliteration from Devanagari to the Latin script (i.e., romanisation), including the IAST notation. Romanised Devanagari is also called Romanagari.
Hugh Price (intelligence)
Hugh E. "Ted" Price is a former Deputy Director for Operations of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency and is currently chairman of Lehman Brothers India.

Price graduated from Yale before serving five years in the United States Marine Corps.  While with the CIA he served in Thailand, Taiwan, Myanmar, Hong Kong, Singapore, Ethiopia and China. Price held the positions of Station chief, Director of Personnel, Director of Counterintelligence from 1992-1994, as well as Deputy Director for Operations.  In 1994, he received a letter of reprimand over his role in the Aldrich Ames spy case while director of counterintelligence.

After leaving the Central Intelligence Agency, Price joined the private security business Kroll Inc. as head of its crisis management group.  He joined Lehman Brothers in December 2001 as head of Global Security.

In 2005 Price married Lisa Spiro, former communications head at Salomon Brothers and UBS.

Deputy Director of the CIA for Operations
The deputy director of the CIA for operations is a senior United States government official in the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency who serves as head of the Directorate of Operations. The position was established December 1, 1950 and from January 4, 1951, until March 1, 1973, it was known as Deputy Director of Plans (DDP). When this unit was known as the Directorate of Plans, it at first accounted for about 75% of the CIA budget and about 60% of the personnel within the CIA.

After staying named the deputy director of plans until 1973, the position was then known as Deputy Director for Operations (DDO) until December 17, 2004 when, under the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, the position was renamed to Director of the National Clandestine Service (D/NCS). When David Marlowe was chosen to lead the Directorate of Operations by CIA director William J. Burns in June 2021, media reported his position as being titled Deputy Director of Operations.
Bianconi
Bianconi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carlo Bianconi (1732–1802), Italian painter, sculptor and architect

Charles Bianconi (1786–1875), Irish businessman

Diego Bianconi (born 1957), Swiss painter

Franca Bianconi (born 1962), Italian figure skater and coach

Ginestra Bianconi, Italian network scientist

Giovanni Giuseppe Bianconi (1809–1878), Italian zoologist, herpetologist, botanist and geologist

Giovanni Ludovico Bianconi (1717–1781), Italian doctor and antiquarian

Marcelo Bianconi (1956–2025), Brazilian journalist

Miguel Bianconi (born 1992), Brazilian footballer

Niko Bianconi (born 1991), Italian footballer

Philippe Bianconi (born 1960), French classical pianist

Roberta Bianconi (born 1989), Italian water polo player

Stefano Bianconi (born 1968), Italian footballer

Ginestra Bianconi
Ginestra Bianconi is a network scientist and mathematical physicist, known for her work on statistical mechanics, network theory, multilayer and higher-order networks, and in particular for the Bianconi–Barabási model of growing of complex networks and for the Bose–Einstein condensation (network theory) in complex networks. She is a professor of applied mathematics at Queen Mary University of London, and the editor-in-chief of Journal of Physics: Complexity.
Alice Mary Dowd
Alice Mary Dowd (pen name, Alice M. Dowd; December 16, 1855 – July 2, 1943) was an American educator and author. She was born in Virginia in 1855 and began teaching at the age of seventeen. Dowd taught for more than three decades before retiring in 1926, having had experience in almost all phases of the work, including district school substitute, evening school, private school, high school, college, and Sunday school. Besides numerous uncollected poems, she published a volume entitled Vacation Verses in 1890. In 1906, she published Our Common Wild Flowers. With her sister, Luella Dowd Smith, she co-authored another book of poetry, Along the Way, in 1938. Dowd was an occasional contributor to papers, and at one time, a regular contributor to the magazine edition of Pasadena News. Dowd died in 1943.

Ancestry.com
Ancestry.com LLC is an American genealogy company based in Lehi, Utah. The largest for-profit genealogy company in the world, it operates a network of genealogical, historical records, and related genetic genealogy websites. It is owned by Blackstone Inc., which acquired the company on December 4, 2020, in a deal valued at $4.7 billion.

As of 2022, the company said it had provided access to 30 billion historical records, tripling its November 2018 figure of 10 billion records. In 2018 it also reported having 3 million paying subscribers, and to have sold 18 million DNA kits to customers. By 2023, Ancestry was the largest provider of consumer DNA testing in the world with a network of more than 25 million users, and Ancestry DNA testing is available in 128 countries.

As well as its main website, Ancestry operates country-specific versions for Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
Hitler's Letters and Notes
Hitler's Letters and Notes is a book by Werner Maser.  It is a collection of Adolf Hitler’s personal correspondence and private notations with comments by Maser.  It reproduces photo-facsimiles of the handwritten original documents, with translations thereof, from the age of 17 until his death.  Maser contends that the book casts new light onto the development of Hitler's political philosophy.

It was first published in German as Hitlers Briefe und Notizen: sein Weltbild in handschriftlichen Dokumenten in 1973. Heinemann (London) published a slightly adapted translation (by Arnold Pomerans) as a 390-page hardcover in 1974, followed by Harper & Row in the United States. Bantam Books released a paperback version in 1976.

Letter (message)
A letter is a written message conveyed from one person (or group of people) to another through a medium. Something epistolary means that it is a form of letter writing. The term usually excludes written material intended to be read in its original form by large numbers of people, such as newspapers and placards, although even these may include material in the form of an "open letter". The typical form of a letter for many centuries, and the archetypal concept even today, is a sheet (or several sheets) of paper that is sent to a correspondent through a postal system. A letter can be formal or informal, depending on its audience and purpose. Besides being a means of communication and a store of information, letter writing has played a role in the reproduction of writing as an art throughout history. Letters have been sent since antiquity and are mentioned in the Iliad. Historians Herodotus and Thucydides mention and use letters in their writings.
Lalaji
Lalaji is a Hindi Language film. It was released in 1942. The film starred Yashodhra Katju, Yakub, Amar, Sunalini Devi, Krishnakant and Maya Devi. It was directed by Chamankant Gandhi and Lalit Mehta for National Studios with music composed by Vasant Kumar Naidu.

Yakub (actor)
Yakub Khan (3 April 1903 – 24 August 1958), popularly known as Yakub, was an Indian actor born into a Pathan family in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. He is best known for his comic and comic villainous roles.

He began his career with roles as an extra, but eventually was cast in more important roles, frequently playing the parts of heroes and villains. He became one of the most renowned screen villains, while achieving equal success in comedy and character roles. Yakub appeared in over 100 films.
Rishi Panchami
Rishi Panchami (Sanskrit: ऋषिपंचमी, romanized: Rṣipañcamī) is a Hindu observance held on the fifth day of the month of Bhadrapada of the Lunar calendar, the next day after Ganesh Chaturthi. It involves the traditional worship of the Saptarishi, a group of the seven most prominent sages – Kashyapa, Atri, Bharadvaja, Vishvamitra, Gautama Maharishi, Jamadagni, and Vasishtha. In some parts of Kerala, the day is also observed as Vishvakarma Puja.

Vishvamitra
Vishvamitra (Sanskrit: विश्वामित्र, IAST: Viśvāmitra) is one of the most venerated rishis or sages of ancient India. Vishvamitra is one of the seven Brahmarshi.  According to Hindu tradition, he is stated to have written most of the Mandala 3 of the Rigveda, including the Gayatri Mantra (3.62.10). The Puranas mention that only 24 rishis since antiquity have understood the whole meaning of —and thus wielded the whole power of — the Gayatri Mantra. Vishvamitra is supposed to have been the first, and Yajnavalkya the last.

Before renouncing his kingdom and royal status, Brahmarishi Vishvamitra was a king, and thus he retained the title of Rajarshi, or 'royal sage'.