hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The History of Rome
The History of Rome can refer to:

History of Rome (Livy) (Ab urbe condita, "From the Founding of the City"), a 1st century BCE work by Livy

The History of Rome (Mommsen) (Römische Geschichte), an 1854–1856 multi-volume work by historian Theodor Mommsen

The History of Rome (podcast), a 2007–2012 podcast created by Mike Duncan

History of Rome (Livy)
The History of Rome, perhaps originally titled Annales, and known since late antiquity as Ab Urbe Condita (English: From the Founding of the City), is a monumental history of ancient Rome, written in Latin between 27 and 9 BC by the Roman historian Titus Livius, better known in English as "Livy". The work covers the period from the legends concerning the arrival of Aeneas and the refugees from the fall of Troy, to the city's founding in 753 BC, the expulsion of the Kings in 509 BC, and down to Livy's own time, during the reign of the emperor Augustus. The last event covered by Livy is the death of Drusus in 9 BC. 35 of 142 books, about a quarter of the work, are still extant. The surviving books deal with the events down to 293 BC (books 1–10), and from 219 to 166 BC (books 21–45).
Hannah Fry
Hannah Mary Fry (born 21 February 1984) is a British mathematician, author and broadcaster. She is the Professor of the Public Understanding of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge, a fellow of Queens' College, Cambridge, and president of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications. She was previously a professor at University College London.

Her work has included studies of patterns of human behaviour, such as interpersonal relationships and dating, and how mathematics can apply to them, the mathematics behind pandemics, and scientific explanations of modern appliances. She has had a particular focus on helping the public to improve their mathematical skills. Fry gave the Royal Institution Christmas Lectures in 2019 and has presented several television and radio programmes for the BBC, including The Secret Genius of Modern Life. She has received several awards for her work in mathematics, including the Asimov Prize and David Attenborough Award.

Peter Snow
Peter John Snow CBE (born 20 April 1938) is a British radio and television presenter and historian. Between 1969 and 2005, he was an analyst of general election results, first on ITV and later for the BBC. He presented Newsnight from its launch in 1980 until 1997. He has presented a number of documentaries, including some with his son, Dan Snow.
Whisper (cartridge family)
The Whisper family of firearm cartridges is a group of wildcat cartridges developed in the early 1990s by J.D. Jones at SSK Industries. The Whisper family was developed as a line of accurate, multi-purpose cartridges using relatively heavy rifle bullets for a given caliber in subsonic loads. The intention was to create an extremely accurate cartridge family for military, police, competition and specialized hunting markets that could also be easily sound suppressed.

While all cartridges in the Whisper family must be capable of accuracy using subsonic loads, most of the smaller caliber cartridges of the family (.308" and under) are also capable of being loaded to supersonic velocities using relatively lightweight bullets for their caliber, increasing their utility.

.300 AAC Blackout
The .300 AAC Blackout (abbreviated as 300 BLK by the SAAMI and 300 AAC Blackout by the C.I.P.), also known as 7.62×35 mm, is an intermediate cartridge developed in the United States by Advanced Armament Corporation (AAC) for use in the M4 carbine. The cartridge yields increased performance in shorter barrels and effective subsonic performance for silencer use when compared to 5.56 mm NATO. The .300 AAC Blackout uses standard 5.56 mm NATO magazines and components with the exception of the barrel.
Monsuno
Monsuno, released as Jūsen Battle Monsuno (Japanese: 獣旋バトルモンスーノ, Hepburn: Jūsen Batoru Monsūno; "Spin Beast Battle Monsuno") in Japan, is an animated series that premiered in the United States on February 23, 2012 on Nickelodeon's sister channel, Nicktoons and began airing on TV Tokyo in Japan in October 2012, with global launches staggered by country sometime between mid-2012 and early 2013 through Nickelodeon. The series was directed by Yoshiaki Okumura. It is distributed by FremantleMedia and is produced by Dentsu Entertainment USA (part of Dentsu Aegis Network), Jakks Pacific, and The Topps Company. Japanese animation studio Larx Entertainment animated the series.

Fremantle (company)
FremantleMedia Limited, trading as Fremantle (/ˈfriːmæntəl/; formerly FremantleMedia), is a British multinational television production and distribution company based in London. The company was founded as Pearson Television in 1993 when publishing and education company Pearson acquired the former British ITV franchisee Thames Television. Fremantle takes its name from Fremantle International, which was acquired by predecessor company All American Television in 1994. Pearson Television and Bertelsmann's CLT-UFA merged in 2000 to form the RTL Group, with Pearson Television itself being renamed FremantleMedia on 20 August of the following year.

Fremantle owns non-scripted formats, including the British talent shows Idols, Got Talent and The X Factor; all of which have been sold globally. Since 1994, Fremantle has distributed American game shows locally in the United States and globally.
Edward Hidalgo
Edward Kunhardt Hidalgo (born Eduardo Hidalgo; October 12, 1912 – January 21, 1995) was a Mexican-American attorney who served as United States Secretary of the Navy from 1979 to 1981. Appointed by President Jimmy Carter, he was the first Hispanic American to serve as Secretary of the Navy and promoted the recruitment of Hispanics for high command.

Hidalgo previously served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Manpower and Reserve Affairs from April 1977 to October 1979.

Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Manpower and Reserve Affairs)
The assistant secretary of the navy (manpower and reserve affairs) (abbreviated as ASN M&RA) is a civilian office in the United States Department of the Navy.  The assistant secretary of the navy (manpower and reserve affairs) reports to the under secretary of the navy who in turn reports to the secretary.

The office of Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Manpower and Reserve Affairs) was created in 1968. The assistant secretary of the navy (manpower and reserve affairs) is responsible for recruiting all of the personnel of the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps, including military personnel (both active and reserve), government civilians, contractors, and volunteers. Since 1993, the assistant secretary of the navy (manpower and reserve affairs) has been assisted by the Department of the Navy Force Management Oversight Council, an advisory council of senior military and civilian personnel in the Department of the Navy.
Delahunty v Player and Wills (Ireland) Ltd.
Delahunty v Player and Wills (Ireland) Ltd, [2006] 1 IR 304; [2006] IESC 21 was an Irish Supreme Court case in which the Court gave a woman permission to take action for damages against two major tobacco companies in what was the first step in the battle against 'Big tobacco'.

Supreme Court of Ireland
The Supreme Court of Ireland (Irish: Cúirt Uachtarach na hÉireann) is the highest judicial authority in Ireland. It is a court of final appeal and exercises, in conjunction with the Court of Appeal and the High Court, judicial review over Acts of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament). The Supreme Court also has appellate jurisdiction to ensure compliance with the Constitution of Ireland by governmental bodies and private citizens. It sits in the Four Courts in Dublin.
Canton of Rombas
The canton of Rombas is an administrative division of the Moselle department, northeastern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Rombas.

It consists of the following communes:

Moselle (department)
Moselle (French pronunciation: [mɔzɛl] ⓘ) is the most populous department in Lorraine, in the northeast of France, and is named after the river Moselle, a tributary of the Rhine, which flows through the western part of the department. It had a population of 1,046,543 in 2019. Inhabitants of the department are known as Mosellans.
Maj. Henry A. Meetze House
Maj. Henry A. Meetze House is a historic home located near Lexington, Lexington County, South Carolina. It was built about 1855, and consists of a two-story, rectangular main block, with one-story side wings and a rear ell. The vernacular Italianate dwelling features a hipped roof with bracketed eaves, one and two-story porticoes with cast iron decoration, and bay windows. Also on the property is the original wellhouse and several sheds. Henry Meetze (1820-1904) was a prominent attorney, businessman and civic leader in the Lexington area.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Lexington County, South Carolina
Lexington County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 293,991. Its county seat and largest community is Lexington. The county was chartered in 1785 and was named in commemoration of Lexington, Massachusetts, the site of the Battle of Lexington in the American Revolutionary War. Lexington County is the sixth-most populous county in South Carolina by population and is part of the Columbia, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located in the Midlands region of South Carolina.
Silvia Rampazzo
Silvia Rampazzo (born 19 January 1980) is an Italian female long-distance runner and mountain runner who won the gold medal at individual senior level at the 2017 World Long Distance Mountain Running Championships.

2017 World Long Distance Mountain Running Championships
The 2017 World Long Distance Mountain Running Championships (or 2017 World Long Distance MR Championships), was the 14th edition of the global Mountain running competition, World Long Distance Mountain Running Championships, organised by the World Mountain Running Association and was held in Premana, Italy on 6 August 2017.
Minister-President of Flanders
The minister-president of Flanders (Dutch: Minister-president van Vlaanderen) is the head of the Flemish Government, which is the executive branch of the Flemish Region and Flemish Community.

The incumbent officeholder is Matthias Diependaele, who took over from Jan Jambon, following the 2024 Belgian regional elections. The current government is made up of three parties, the New Flemish Alliance (N-VA), Vooruit, and Christian Democratic and Flemish (CD&V). The ministers were sworn in on 30 September 2024. The government consists of nine ministers, five for the N-VA, two for Vooruit and two for CD&V.

Vooruit (political party)
Vooruit (Dutch: [voːrˈœyt] ⓘ, lit. 'Forward') is a Flemish social democratic political party in Belgium. It was formerly known as the (Flemish) Socialist Party (1978–2001: Socialistische Partij, SP; 2001–2021: Socialistische Partij Anders [soːɕaːˈlɪstisə pɑrˈtɛi ˈɑndərs] ⓘ, lit. 'Socialist Party Differently', SP.A) until 21 March 2021, when its current name was adopted.

The party was founded following the linguistic split of the unitary Belgian Socialist Party in 1978, which also produced the Francophone Socialist Party. The Belgian Socialist Party itself consisted of former members of the Belgian Labour Party. From December 2011 to September 2014, the party was part of the Di Rupo Government, along with its Francophone counterpart. In 2020, it re-entered federal government as part of the De Croo Government. The party has been a part of the Flemish Government several times.
Wulfnoth
Wulfnoth is a masculine given name. Notable people with this name include:

Wulfnoth Cild (died c. 1014), probable father of Godwin, Earl of Wessex

Wulfnoth Godwinson (1040–1094), brother of Harold Godwinson, grandson of the above

Wulfnoth Godwinson
Wulfnoth Godwinson (1040–1094) was the youngest brother of King Harold II of England. The sixth son of Earl Godwin of Wessex, Wulfnoth was given as a hostage in childhood, and, as a result of war and political intrigue, was subsequently held in captivity for 43 years before dying, the longest-ever imprisonment of a member of British royalty.
Abalak, Tyumen Oblast
Abalak (Russian: Абалак) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Abalkskoye Rural Settlement of Tobolsky District, Tyumen Oblast, Russia. The population was 806 as of 2010. There are 20 streets.

Tyumen Oblast
Tyumen Oblast (Russian: Тюме́нская о́бласть, romanized: Tyumenskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. It is located in Western Siberia, and is administratively part of the Ural Federal District. The oblast has administrative jurisdiction over two autonomous okrugs: the Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The oblast, including its autonomous okrugs, is the third-largest federal subject by area, and has a population of 3,395,755 (2010).

Tyumen is the largest city and the administrative center of the oblast, and the first Russian city in Siberia.

Tyumen Oblast is the largest producer of oil and natural gas in the country, and has experienced an oil boom since the early 2000s. The rapid growth of the fuel industry has made the oblast by far the richest federal subject of Russia, with an average GDP per capita several times the national average since 2006.
Wilhelm Ramsay
Wilhelm Ramsay (20 January 1865 – 6 January 1928) was a Finnish geologist. He became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1914 and in 1915 was accepted into the Royal Physiographic Society in Lund. He coined the terms Fennoscandia (1900) and Postjotnian (1909). Ramsay also coined the term ijolite.

Together with Jakob Sederholm, Ramsay was a student of Fredrik Johan Wiik. Pentti Eskola was a student of Ramsay.

Royal Physiographic Society in Lund
The Royal Physiographic Society in Lund (Swedish: Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapet i Lund), is one of the Royal Academies in Sweden. It was founded in Lund, on December 2, 1772, and received a Royal Charter by Gustav III, on March 6, 1778.
Demographics of Western Norway
The Western Norway region of Norway showed the highest population growth rate in Norway in 2010, at 1.44%. The fertility rate in this region is higher than in other parts of Norway. The population as of 1 January 2010 was 1,263,464, with 37.7% of the population living in Hordaland, 33.8% in Rogaland, 19.8% in Møre og Romsdal, and 8.4% in Sogn og Fjordane. 60% of the population is under 40 years old, and 30% is under 20 years old. Many of the historical immigrants in Western Norway came from countries like Scotland, England, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark and Sweden. Western Norway is the part of Norway which has the largest immigration from the western world.

The following demographic statistics are from the Statistics Norway, unless otherwise indicated.

Sogn og Fjordane
Sogn og Fjordane (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈsɔŋn ɔ ˈfjûːrɑnə] ⓘ; literally "Parish and the Fjords") was a county in western Norway, from 1 January 1919 to 31 December 2019, after it was merged to become part of Vestland county. It was surrounded by Møre og Romsdal, Oppland, Buskerud, and Hordaland counties. The county administration was in the village of Hermansverk in Leikanger Municipality. The largest town in the county was Førde.

Although Sogn og Fjordane has some industry, predominantly hydroelectricity and aluminium, it is predominantly an agricultural area. Sogn og Fjordane is also home to the Urnes Stave Church and the Nærøyfjord, which are both listed by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites.

The Western Norway University of Applied Sciences has campuses in Sogndalsfjøra and Førde.
Alois Rašín
Alois Rašín (18 October 1867 – 18 February 1923) was a Czech and Czechoslovak politician, economist, one of the founders of Czechoslovakia and first Ministry for Finance. He was the author of the first law of Czechoslovakia and creator of the country's currency, the Czechoslovak koruna. Rašín was a representative of conservative liberalism and was mortally wounded in assassination for being viewed as a head of the nation's capitalism.

Young Czech Party
The Young Czech Party (Czech: Mladočeši, officially National Liberal Party, Národní strana svobodomyslná) was formed in the Bohemian crown land of Austria-Hungary in 1874. It initiated the democratization of Czech political parties and led to the establishment of the political base of Czechoslovakia.
Carex phacota
Carex phacota, the lentoid sedge, is a species of flowering plant in the family Cyperaceae. It is native to parts of the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, most of Malesia, New Guinea, central and southern China, Hainan, Taiwan, Korea, the Ryukyus, and Japan. A pioneer species adapted to disturbances such as fire and landslides, it is typically found in wet grasslands, ditches, the banks of streams, and the sides of roads, and is categorized by the IUCN as Least Concern.

Malesia
Malesia is a biogeographical region straddling the Equator and the boundaries of the Indomalayan and Australasian realms. It is a phytogeographical floristic region in the Paleotropical kingdom. It was first recognized as a distinct region in 1857 by Heinrich Zollinger, a Swiss botanist and explorer. The precise boundaries used to define Malesia vary. The broadly defined area used in Flora Malesiana consists of the countries of Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, the Philippines, Timor-Leste and Papua New Guinea. The original definition by the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) covered a similar area, but New Guinea and some offshore islands were split off as Papuasia in its 2001 version.
The Siemon Company
The Siemon Company is an American telecommunications company founded in 1903 that provides IT infrastructure hardware and services for data centers, local area networks (LANs) and intelligent buildings.

The Siemon Company offers copper and optical fiber cabling systems, cabinets, racks, cable management, data center power and cooling systems.

Cable management
Cable management refers to management of electrical or optical cable in a cabinet or an installation.  The term is used for products, workmanship or planning.  
Cables can easily become tangled, making them difficult to work with, sometimes resulting in devices accidentally becoming unplugged as one attempts to move a cable. Such cases are known as "cable spaghetti", and any kind of problem diagnosis and future updates to such enclosures could be very difficult.

Cable management both supports and contains cables during installation, and makes subsequent maintenance or changes to the cable system easier. Products such as cable trays, cable ladders, and cable baskets are used to support a cable through cabling routes.
Zairul Fitree Ishak
Zairul Fitree bin Ishak (born 4 February 1985) is a Malaysian former professional footballer who played as a left back. Born and raised in Kota Bharu, Zairul began his career with Kelantan youth team. His senior debut came in 2005. He later was assistant coach of Kelantan The Real Warriors.

Piala Presiden (Malaysia)
The Piala Presiden (English: President's Cup) is a developmental football competition in Malaysia for under-21 players. The cup consists of developmental squads from clubs competing in the top two divisions of Malaysian football league system.

The president in the title refers to the President of Football Association of Malaysia as the country did not have a president, but rather a king. It exists alongside the youth competition for under-18 players, the Piala Belia.
Route Package
A Route Package were the names given by the US Air Force and US Navy to describe areas of air operations over North Vietnam. Generally referred to as "Route Pack" or even just "Pac" or "RP", each of the seven numbered areas represented a specific area of the country. Route Pack 1 was in the southernmost extremes of the country, on the border with South Vietnam. Route Pack 6, or 6B specifically, referred to the area around Hanoi and was considered to be the best defended airspace in the world at that time, and home to the dreaded Thud Ridge.

Thud Ridge
Thud Ridge was the nickname given by United States Air Force F-105 Thunderchief pilots (the aircraft being nicknamed "Thud") during the Vietnam War to the Tam Dao range a 24 km, 5,000 feet (1,500 m) high ridge that ran parallel to the Red River approximately 32 km northwest of Hanoi, which was both a waypoint during air attacks and a terrain masking feature for ingressing fighters in the vicinity of Hanoi, North Vietnam.

The North Vietnamese eventually installed anti-aircraft artillery on the ridge using heavy-lift helicopters.

Phúc Yên Air Base is located at the base of the ridge, while Kép Air Base is located east of the ridge.

The ridge features heavily in the book Thud Ridge.
Dongyu River
The Dongyu River (Chinese: 东鱼河), formerly known as the Hongwei River (红卫河),  is a river in the Shandong Province of the People's Republic of China, is the largest artificial river in southwestern Shandong, with a length of 172.1 kilometres a basin area of 5,923 square kilometers.

Dongyu River stretches from Dongming County of Heze City in the west, reaches Yutai County of Jining City in the east, and enters Zhaoyang Lake (昭阳湖).

Dongyu River was excavated during the Cultural Revolution of the PRC, and was called the Hongwei River at that time. In October 1985, "Hongwei River" was renamed "Dongyu River".

Dongming County
Dongming County in Heze Prefecture is the westernmost county of Shandong Province in the People's Republic of China. It borders Henan Province to the west across the Yellow River. Dongming County had a population of 677,563 in 1999.
Krasnokamenka, Chelyabinsk Oblast
54°36′N 60°12′E﻿ / ﻿54.6°N 60.2°E﻿ / 54.6; 60.2

Krasnokamenka (Russian: Краснока́менка, roughly translated as "red stone settlement") is a village in Uysky District of Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia.  Postal code: 456476.

Uysky District
Uysky District (Russian: Уйский район) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-seven in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,637 square kilometers (1,018 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Uyskoye. Population: 26,184 (2010 Census); 28,555 (2002 Census); 29,132 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Uyskoye accounts for 28.1% of the district's total population.
Manganese fluoride
Manganese fluoride can refer to:

Manganese(II) fluoride, MnF2

Manganese(III) fluoride, MnF3

Manganese(IV) fluoride, MnF4

These three compounds are the totality of binary manganese fluorides that have been well characterized.

Manganese(V) fluoride, MnF5, is a binary hypothetical inorganic compound of manganese and fluorine.

Manganese(II) fluoride
Manganese(II) fluoride is the chemical compound composed of manganese and fluoride with the formula MnF2. It is a light pink solid, the light pink color being characteristic for manganese(II) compounds. It is made by treating manganese and diverse compounds of manganese(II) in hydrofluoric acid.  Like some other metal difluorides, MnF2 crystallizes in the rutile structure, which features octahedral Mn centers.
Troy Shelley
Troy Shelley is an American politician. He serves as a Republican member for the 66th district in the Utah House of Representatives since 2025. In the 2024 election he was elected unopposed after winning the Republican primary. Shelley was previously chair of the Sanpete County Republican Party.

Utah House of Representatives
The Utah House of Representatives is the lower house of the Utah State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Utah. The House is composed of 75 representatives elected from single member constituent districts. Each district contains an average population of 44,000 people. Members of the House are elected to two-year terms without term limits. The House convenes at the Utah State Capitol in Salt Lake City.