hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edward E. Kramer
Edward Eliot Kramer (born March 20, 1961) is an American editor and convicted child molester. Kramer lives in Duluth, Georgia, and was a co-founder and part-owner of the Dragon*Con media convention. Kramer has also edited several works in the genres of science fiction, fantasy, and horror. Before pleading guilty in 2013 to three counts of child molestation, Kramer was the subject of a long-running legal battle that began with his initial arrest in August 2000.

Alford plea
In United States law, an Alford plea, also called a Kennedy plea in West Virginia, an Alford guilty plea, and the Alford doctrine, is a guilty plea in criminal court, whereby a defendant in a criminal case does not admit to the criminal act and asserts innocence, but accepts imposition of a sentence.

This plea is allowed even if the evidence to be presented by the prosecution would be likely to persuade a judge or jury to find the defendant guilty beyond reasonable doubt. This can be caused by circumstantial evidence and testimony favoring the prosecution, and difficulty finding evidence and witnesses that would aid the defense.

Alford pleas are permissible in all U.S. federal and state courts except Indiana, Michigan, and New Jersey. They are not permitted in United States military courts.
Grettis saga
Grettis saga Ásmundarsonar (modern Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈkrɛhtɪs ˈsaːɣa ˈauːsˌmʏntarˌsɔːnar̥] ⓘ, reconstructed Old Norse pronunciation: [ˈɡrɛtːɪs ˈsaɣa ˈɒːsˌmʊndarˌsɔnar]), also known as Grettla, Grettir's Saga or The Saga of Grettir the Strong, is one of the Icelanders' sagas. It details the life of Grettir Ásmundarson, a bellicose Icelandic outlaw, and is set in the eleventh century.

Icelandic Commonwealth
The Icelandic Commonwealth, also known as the Icelandic Free State, was the political unit existing in Iceland between the establishment of the Althing (Icelandic: Alþingi) in 930 and the pledge of fealty to the Norwegian king with the Old Covenant in 1262. With the probable exception of hermitic Irish monks known as Papar, Iceland was an uninhabited island until around 874.

The Icelandic Commonwealth had a unique political system whereby chieftains (goðar) established a common legal code and settled judicial disputes at the Althing, a national assembly. However, there was no executive body in Iceland that enforced the legal code. The Icelandic Commonwealth has consequently been characterized as a stateless society. During the 13th century, Iceland came under the control of the Kingdom of Norway.
Stanley Plotkin
Stanley Alan Plotkin (born 12 May 1932) is an American physician and virologist who specialized in the development of vaccines. In the 1960s, he played a pivotal role in the discovery of a vaccine against rubella virus while at Wistar Institute in Philadelphia. Plotkin was a member of Wistar’s research faculty from 1960 to 1991. In addition to his emeritus position at Wistar, he is emeritus professor of pediatrics at the University of Pennsylvania.  His book, Vaccines, is the standard reference on the subject. As of 2025, Vaccines is in its eighth edition. Plotkin is also an editor of Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, which is published by the American Society for Microbiology in Washington, D.C..

Epidemic Intelligence Service
The Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) is a program of the United States' Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The modern EIS is a two-year, hands-on post-doctoral training program in epidemiology, with a focus on field work.
Alfred W. Hales
Alfred Washington Hales (born November 30, 1938) is an American mathematician, a professor emeritus of mathematics at the University of California, Los Angeles, and one of the namesakes of the Hales–Jewett theorem. He was born in Pasadena, California, and is the older brother of R. Stanton Hales.

Ramsey theory
Ramsey theory, named after the British mathematician and philosopher Frank P. Ramsey, is a branch of the mathematical field of combinatorics that focuses on the appearance of order in a substructure given a structure of a known size. Problems in Ramsey theory typically ask a question of the form: "how big must some structure be to guarantee that a particular property holds?"
Josefino Cenizal
Josefino Cenizal (14 September 1919 – 27 March 2015) was a Filipino  actor, director, and composer from Tanza, Cavite. In 1937, he began to direct music films at Parlatone-Hispano Films, which is where his musical career began. In 2010, he received the Dangal ng Filscap Award.  His career spanned from the late 1930s to the 1970s. He is famous for adapting "Ang Pasko Ay Sumapit" in 1938 with lyrics provided by Levi Celerio from the original Cebuano Christmas carol entitled "Kasadya Ning Taknaa" composed by Vicente D. Rubi and Mariano Vestil.

Vicente Rubi
Vicente Daclan Rubi (January 23, 1903 – November 12, 1980) was a Filipino Visayan musician from Cebu, Philippines, best known for composing the Philippine Christmas carol Kasadyaa Ning Taknaa, which was translated into Tagalog, Ang Pasko ay Sumapit, by National Artist Levi Celerio. He was one of the top 100 Cebuano personalities according to The Freeman.
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phosphogalactonate aldolase
The enzyme 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phosphogalactonate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.21) catalyzes the chemical reaction

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate 6-phosphate  pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the aldehyde-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate-6-phosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase (pyruvate-forming). Other names in common use include 6-phospho-2-keto-3-deoxygalactonate aldolase, phospho-2-keto-3-deoxygalactonate aldolase, 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogalactonic aldolase, phospho-2-keto-3-deoxygalactonic aldolase, 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogalactonic acid aldolase, (KDPGal)aldolase, 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate-6-phosphate, and D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase.  This enzyme participates in galactose metabolism.

Galactose
Galactose (/ɡəˈlæktoʊs/, galacto- + -ose,  sometimes abbreviated Gal), is a common monosaccharide, i.e. a simple sugar.  It is classified as a reducing hexose, more specifically an aldohexose.  In terms of structure, it is a C-4 epimer of glucose. A white, water-soluble solid, it is about 80‍–‍90% as sweet as glucose and about 65% as sweet as sucrose.
Geology of Prince Edward Island
The geology of Prince Edward Island formed as a result of strike-slip extension in the mountains formed by the Taconic orogeny, Salinic orogeny, and Acadian orogeny, which created an area of subsidence in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The Maritime Rift resulted in the Magdalen Basin, which is actually a series of small basins surrounding the Gulf. In the Permian coal swamps formed in these basins, resulting in Atlantic Canada's extensive coal deposits, while in some cases, the swamps evaporated were replaced by gypsum evaporite. 
Up to 12 kilometers of late Paleozoic sediments filled the Maritime Rift as rivers transported sediments in from more distant highlands. The rock visible at the surface on Prince Edward Island is principally red sandstone and siltstone deposited during this period.

Taconic orogeny
The Taconic orogeny was a mountain building period that ended 440 million years ago (Ma) and affected most of modern-day New England. A great mountain chain formed from eastern Canada down through what is now the Piedmont of the east coast of the United States. As the mountain chain eroded during the Silurian and Devonian periods, sediment spread throughout the present-day Appalachians and midcontinental North America.
Jesús Fraile Moreno
Jesús Fraile Moreno (born 8 June 1964 in Toledo) is a boccia player from Spain.  He has a physical disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a BC2 type athlete.  He competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics.  He finished first in the BC1/BC2 team event and he finished third in the BC2 one person event.  He competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. He finished third in the BC2 one person event. He finished second in  the BC1/BC2 team event

1996 Summer Paralympics
The 1996 Summer Paralympic in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, were held from August 15 to 25. It was the first Paralympics to get mass media sponsorship, and had a budget of USD $81 million.

It was the first Paralympic Games where International Sports Federation for Persons with an Intellectual Disability athletes were given full medal status.
Whakatīwai Regional Park
Whakatīwai Regional Park is a regional park on New Zealand's North Island. It runs from the eastern side of the Hunua Ranges, where it adjoins Hunua Ranges Regional Park, down to the Firth of Thames coast, just north of the settlement of Whakatīwai. It is in the Hauraki District and the Waikato Region, not far from the border with the Auckland Region, and is owned and operated by Auckland Council.

In December 1967, the Auckland Regional Authority purchased a 323-hectare property owned by the McKerras family in order to create the park.

Auckland Region
Auckland (Māori: Tāmaki Makaurau) is one of the 16 regions of New Zealand, which takes its name from the eponymous urban area. The region encompasses the Auckland metropolitan area, smaller towns, rural areas, and the islands of the Hauraki Gulf. Containing 34 percent of the nation's residents, it has by far the largest population and economy of any region of New Zealand, but the second-smallest land area.

On 1 November 2010, the Auckland region became a unitary authority administered by the Auckland Council, replacing the previous regional council and seven local councils. In the process, an area in its southeastern corner was transferred to the neighbouring Waikato region. Since then, the Auckland Council has introduced a system of local boards to divide the region for local government.
Alpina Comune
The Alpina Comune is a heterogeneous population of domestic goats widely distributed in the Alps of northern Italy, particularly in the regions of Lombardy and Piemonte. It is highly variable in size, in morphological characteristics such as the type, colour and pattern of its coat and the shape and carriage of its ears, and in type of use. It does not display any of the uniformity characteristic of a breed, other than a consistent hardiness and adaptation to mountain terrain. It is however officially recognised and protected as one. The name Alpina Comune, "common", is more used in Piemonte; in Lombardy it may be called Alpina Locale, "local", or simply Nostrana, "ours".

Bergamasque Alps
The Bergamasque Alps or Bergamo Alps (Italian: Alpi Orobie; sometimes translated into English as Orobic Alps) are a mountain range in the Italian Alps. They are located in northern Lombardy and named after the city Bergamo, south of the mountains. Within the Eastern Alps, the Alpine Club or AVE system places them within the Western Limestone Alps, while the SOIUSA system classifies them within the Southeastern Alps.
Hutuna
Hutuna (sometimes spelt Hutuana) is a village in the Solomon Islands, on Rennell Island in the Rennell and Bellona province.

11°46′47.3″S 160°26′53.9″E﻿ / ﻿11.779806°S 160.448306°E﻿ / -11.779806; 160.448306

The village is in a setting with a sunken PBY Catalina flying plane sitting in 4 metres (13 ft) of water about 50 metres (160 ft) offshore. It is about a 30-minute boat ride from the lake end or a 1.5-hour walk from Tegano. There is a large playing field in the centre of the village.

Hutuna is the site of the eighth People First Network email station, which was established in 2003. Hutuna was one of the sites included in the 2004 JICA-USP research on the impacts of the ICT on rural development.

Consolidated PBY Catalina
The Consolidated Model 28, more commonly known as the PBY Catalina (U.S. Navy designation), is an American flying boat and amphibious aircraft designed by Consolidated Aircraft in the 1930s and 1940s. In U.S. Army service, it was designated as the OA-10 and in Canadian service as the Canso, and it later received the NATO reporting name Mop. It was one of the most widely used seaplanes of World War II. Catalinas served with every branch of the United States Armed Forces and in the air forces and navies of many other nations.  The last military PBYs served until the 1980s.
Les Nouvelles Egotistes
Les Nouvelles Egotistes is a grouping of documentary filmmakers who make films where they themselves are featured.  This is against the grain of more traditional documentary film which is mainly voyeuristic observation.

Jon Ronson
Jon Ronson (born 10 May 1967) is a British-American journalist, author, and filmmaker. He is known for works such as Them: Adventures with Extremists (2001), The Men Who Stare at Goats (2004), and The Psychopath Test (2011).

He has been described as a gonzo journalist, becoming a faux-naïf character in his stories. He produces informal but sceptical investigations of controversial fringe politics and science. He has published nine books and his work has appeared in publications such as The Guardian, City Life and Time Out. He has made several BBC Television documentary films and two documentary series for Channel 4.
Omori Station (Shizuoka)
Omori Station (尾盛駅, Omori-eki) is a train station in the town of Kawanehon, Haibara District, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, operated by the Ōigawa Railway. It was built primarily to support dam construction activities in the area in the 1960s.

Ōigawa Railway
Ōigawa Railway (大井川鐵道, Ōigawa Tetsudō) is a private railway company in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, founded in 1925. The company is commonly known as Daitetsu (大鐵). The company was a subsidiary of the Meitetsu Group until 2015, when it was restructured and sold to Eclipse Hidaka, a food, hotel, and investment company headquartered in Hidaka, Hokkaido.
La terza luna
"La terza luna" is an Italian popular song recorded by the American pop singer Neil Sedaka, written and arranged by Luis Enriquez Bacalov with the text by Franco Migliacci. It was released in November 1962 in Italy by RCA Victor Records.

It was enormously popular, reaching #1 on the Italian pop charts for one week in April 1963. It was included as the third song of Sedaka's 1964 Italiano compilation album. A Cinebox film of Sedaka performing "La terza luna" was also produced.

For his Anglophone fans in America, England, Australia and elsewhere, Sedaka recorded an English-language version, "Waiting For Never", released as the B-side of "Let's Go Steady Again" in 1963. He also recorded a Spanish-language version, "Ire Por Ti".

The B-side of "La terza luna" was "Il re dei pagliacci", an Italian-language version of Sedaka's 1962 hit, "King of Clowns".

Cinebox
The Cinebox was a coin-operated Italian 16mm film projector jukebox type machine invented in 1959 that appeared in Europe to rival the French made Scopitone  that appeared in 1960. The Cinebox was manufactured in Rome by Ottico Meccanica Italiana.

In 1963 it appeared in the USA and was retitled Colorama in 1965.  In 1961 Cinebox machines were placed on ocean liners of the American Export Lines with Cineboxes showing cartoons and short subject comedies in on board nurseries whilst on board lounges showed musical and travelogues.  Each of the Cineboxes held five 40 minute films.

In the United States the Cinebox musical juke box provided three minutes of sound film for 25 cents with 40 titles available at a time on the machine.

In Canada, the Cinebox became the first e.commerce website (cinebox.net), founded by Loïc Berthout, to sell movies (DVD) online in 1998. It then proposed video games and reached an international scope. It was also selling through cinebox.com until 2010.
D'Anchieta's fruit bat
D'Anchieta's fruit bat or D'Anchieta's epauletted bat (Plerotes anchietae) is a species of megabat in the family Pteropodidae. It is the only species in the genus Plerotes. It is found in Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, and Zambia, where it lives in subtropical or tropical dry forests, dry savanna, and moist savanna.

The scientific and common names for the species commemorate José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta, who is also honoured in the names of Anchieta's pipistrelle (Hypsugo anchietae) and the Angolan vlei rat (Otomys anchietae). It was described in 1900 by Antero Frederico de Seabra, under the name Epomorphus anchietae.

José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta
José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta (variations José d'Anchieta, José Anchieta, José de Anchieta - b. October 9, 1832 in Lisbon, Kingdom of Portugal, d. September 14, 1897 in Caconda, Portuguese Angola) was a 19th-century Portuguese explorer and naturalist who, between 1866 and 1897, travelled extensively in Portuguese Angola, Africa, collecting animals and plants. His specimens from Angola and Mozambique were sent out to Portugal, where they were later examined by several zoologists and botanists, chiefly among them J.V. Barboza du Bocage.
Wow... The Story
Wow... The Story is a double album by Baby Cham, released on 24 October 2000, (see 2000 in music) and referred to by the Miami New Times as "the most anticipated album in years from any reggae artist.". The album serves as an introduction to Baby Cham, one of Jamaica's dancehall artists. The first disc has previously released titles while disc two has new material. Disc one includes "The Mass" and "Funny Man", as well as the popular hits such as "Ghetto Pledge" and "Can I get A". On disc two, Cham moves away from the traditional dancehall. This disc includes "High Roller", where Cham collaborates with the dancehall artist Shaggy.

Shaggy (musician)
Orville Richard Burrell CD (born October 22, 1968), known professionally as Shaggy, is a Jamaican-American reggae musician who scored hits with the songs "It Wasn't Me", "Boombastic", "In the Summertime", "Oh Carolina", and "Angel". He has been nominated for eight Grammy Awards, winning twice for Best Reggae Album with Boombastic in 1996 and 44/876 with Sting in 2019, and has won the Brit Award for International Male Solo Artist in 2002.

In 2007, he was awarded the Jamaican Order of Distinction with the rank of Commander. In 2022, he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Fine Arts degree from Brown University.
The Mighty Queens of Freeville
The Mighty Queens of Freeville: A Mother, a Daughter, and the Town That Raised Them is a memoir by Amy Dickinson, the author of the syndicated advice column Ask Amy. It was released on February 3, 2009 by Hyperion Books.

On the publication date, Dickinson appeared on Good Morning America and the following day she appeared on The View to promote the memoir, which chronicles her experiences with divorce and single motherhood and her life in a family that is predominantly made up of women. The Mighty Queens in the title refer to her mother, aunts and sisters. Dickinson also went on a book tour to promote the memoir, making stops all over the country.

On February 22, 2009, the book debuted on The New York Times bestseller list at number sixteen, tied with Barack Obama's inauguration address. In 2010, a paperback copy of the book was released with a slightly different cover design.

Hachette Books
Hachette Books, formerly Hyperion Books, is a general-interest book imprint of the Perseus Books Group, which is a division of Hachette Book Group and ultimately a part of Lagardère Group. Established in 1990, Hachette publishes general-interest fiction and non-fiction books for adults. A former subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company, it was originally named after Hyperion Avenue, the location of Walt Disney Studios prior to 1939. Hachette took over a 1,000 book backlist when Hyperion was purchased from Disney in 2013 with 250 bestselling novels, including Mitch Albom's The Five People You Meet in Heaven.
1999 Stinkers Bad Movie Awards
The 22nd Stinkers Bad Movie Awards were released by the Hastings Bad Cinema Society in 2000 to honour the worst films the film industry had to offer in 1999. Founder Ray Wright listed Pokémon: The First Movie among his five worst movies of the 1990s alongside Batman & Robin, It's Pat, Crash, and Nothing but Trouble. Listed as follows are the different categories with their respective winners and nominees, including Worst Picture and its dishonourable mentions, which are films that were considered for Worst Picture but ultimately failed to make the final ballot (42 total). All winners are highlighted.

1999 in film
The year 1999 in film included Stanley Kubrick's posthumous final film Eyes Wide Shut, Pedro Almodóvar's first Oscar-winning film All About My Mother, the science-fiction film The Matrix, the animated works The Iron Giant,  Toy Story 2, Tarzan, and South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut, the Best Picture-winner American Beauty, and the well-received The Green Mile. Other noteworthy releases include M. Night Shyamalan's The Sixth Sense, David Fincher's Fight Club, Sofia Coppola's The Virgin Suicides, Paul Thomas Anderson's Magnolia and Spike Jonze and Charlie Kaufman's Being John Malkovich. The year also featured George Lucas' top-grossing Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace. Columbia Pictures and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer celebrated their 75th anniversaries in 1999.
New York Handicap Triple
The Handicap Triple Crown or New York Handicap Triple are the names used to refer to three American handicap races for older Thoroughbred racehorses run by the New York Racing Association at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York. The three races are (in order):

Metropolitan Handicap

Suburban Handicap

Brooklyn Handicap (now the Brooklyn Invitational Stakes)

Since 2008, the Brooklyn Handicap and Metropolitan Handicap have both been run on Belmont Stakes day, making it impossible for a horse to win all 3 races.

Four horses have won the Handicap Triple Crown:

Whisk Broom II (1913)

Tom Fool (1953)

Kelso (1961)

Fit to Fight (1984)

Handicap (horse racing)
A handicap race in horse racing is a race in which each horse is assigned a specific weight to carry, determined by its past performance and perceived ability. Stronger horses carry more weight, while less accomplished ones carry less. This system aims to equalize the chances of all horses in the race.

The skill in betting on a handicap race lies in predicting which horse can overcome its handicap. Although most handicap races are run for older, less valuable horses with less prize money, this is not true in all cases; some prestigious races are handicaps, such as the Grand National steeplechase, Betfair Stayers' Handicap Hurdle in the UK and the Melbourne Cup in Australia. In the United States, over 30 handicap races are classified as Grade I, the top level of the North American grading system.
Calgary Mustangs (ice hockey)
The Calgary Mustangs were a junior A ice hockey team in the Alberta Junior Hockey League (AJHL).  They played in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, at the Father David Bauer Olympic Arena. They were known as the Calgary Royals from 1990 until 2010. On May 4, 2019, it was announced that the Mustangs had elected to take a leave of absence for the 2019–20 season.

Alberta Junior Hockey League
The Alberta Junior Hockey League (AJHL) is an Alberta-based Junior A ice hockey league that belongs to the Canadian Junior Hockey League (CJHL).  It was formed as a five-team league in 1964. The 2023–24 season began with 16 teams, however 5 teams did not finish the season after it was announced that 
they planned to join the BCHL in the 2024–25 season. The regular season league champions receive the Dave Duchak Trophy.  The playoff champions receive the Inter Pipeline Cup (previously known as the Carling O'Keefe trophy and Gas Drive Cup). The winner of the AJHL playoffs continues on to play in the Centennial Cup tournament, which determines Canadian Junior A champion.