hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tangent lines to circles
In Euclidean plane geometry, a tangent line to a circle is a line that touches the circle at exactly one point, never entering the circle's interior. Tangent lines to circles form the subject of several theorems, and play an important role in many geometrical constructions and proofs.  Since the tangent line to a circle at a point P is perpendicular to the radius to that point, theorems involving tangent lines often involve radial lines and orthogonal circles.

Line (geometry)
In geometry, a straight line, usually abbreviated line, is an infinitely long object with no width, depth, or curvature. It is a special case of a curve and an idealization of such physical objects as a straightedge, a taut string, or a ray of light. Lines are spaces of dimension one, which may be embedded in spaces of dimension two, three, or higher. The word line may also refer, in everyday life, to a line segment, which is a part of a line delimited by two points (its endpoints).

Euclid's Elements defines a straight line as a "breadthless length" that "lies evenly with respect to the points on itself", and introduced several postulates as basic unprovable properties on which the rest of geometry was established. Euclidean line and Euclidean geometry are terms introduced to avoid confusion with generalizations introduced since the end of the 19th century, such as non-Euclidean, projective, and affine geometry.
The Big Doe Rehab
The Big Doe Rehab is the seventh studio album by American rapper and Wu-Tang Clan member Ghostface Killah, released on December 4, 2007 on Def Jam Recordings. The album features guest appearances from fellow Wu-Tang members Raekwon, Method Man, U-God, and Masta Killa as well as from Kid Capri, Cappadonna and members of Ghostface's Theodore Unit crew. The album features production from LV & Sean C. among others.

Def Jam Recordings
Def Jam Recordings (also simply known as Def Jam) is an American multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It is based in Manhattan, New York City, specializing predominantly in hip-hop, contemporary R&B, soul and pop.

The label has a London-based, UK arm known as 0207 Def Jam (formerly Def Jam UK in the 1990s until the mid-2000s) and is currently operated through EMI Records. It has a Johannesburg, South Africa and Lagos, Nigeria-based arm known as Def Jam Africa.
2024 Baltic Sea submarine cable disruptions
On 17–18 November 2024, two submarine telecommunication cables, the BCS East-West Interlink and C-Lion1 fibre-optic cables, were disrupted in the Baltic Sea. The incidents involving both cables occurred in close proximity to each other and near-simultaneously, which prompted accusations from European government officials and NATO member states of hybrid warfare and sabotage as the cause of the damage. Currently, the damage to those undersea cables has not been conclusively attributed to any specific party. Investigations are ongoing and since 19 November, the Chinese cargo ship Yi Peng 3 has been under scrutiny due to its presence near the cables at the time of the incidents. Western intelligence officials believe the ship's anchor may have caused the damage, either accidentally or under the influence of Russian intelligence.

Turva
Turva is a Finnish offshore patrol vessel. Built in 2014 by STX Finland Rauma shipyard for the Finnish Border Guard, she is the largest vessel of the fleet as well as the first patrol vessel in Finland powered by liquefied natural gas (LNG).
Sulev Teppart
Sulev Teppart (born 13 September 1960 in Viljandi) is an Estonian actor.

In 1982 he graduated from the Tallinn State Conservatory's Performing Arts Department. From 1982 until 1985, he worked at the Estonian Youth Theatre, and from 1985 until 2006, at the Estonian Drama Theatre. Since 2006 he has been a freelance actor. Besides theatre roles he has played in films and on television. Teppart was married to actress Anu Lamp. The couple had three sons, including actors Jaak Prints and Tõnn Lamp. They later divorced

Viljandi
Viljandi (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈvilʲːjɑnʲːdi]) is a city and municipality in southern Estonia with a population of 17,255 in 2024. It is the capital of Viljandi County and is geographically located between two major Estonian cities, Pärnu and Tartu.

The town was first mentioned in 1283, upon being granted its town charter by Wilhelm von Endorpe. The town became a member of the Hanseatic League at the beginning of the 14th century, and is one of five Estonian cities and cities in the league. The once influential Estonian newspaper Sakala was founded in Viljandi in 1878.
Tōyama Tomoyoshi
Tōyama Tomoyoshi (遠山友禄, October 20, 1819 – April 4, 1894) was the 12th and final daimyō of Naegi Domain under the Bakumatsu period Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan. His wife was a daughter of Shimazu Tadayuki of Sadowara Domain. His courtesy titles were Buzen-no-kami, Shinano-no-kami and Mino-no-kami, and he was also called Tōyama Tomoaki (遠山友詳).

Government of Meiji Japan
The Government of Meiji Japan (明治政府, Meiji seifu) was the government that was formed by politicians of the Satsuma Domain and Chōshū Domain in the 1860s. The Meiji government was the early government of the Empire of Japan.

Politicians of the Meiji government were known as the Meiji oligarchy, who overthrew the Tokugawa shogunate.
Nadvoitsy (inhabited locality)
Nadvoitsy (Russian: Надвоицы) is the name of several inhabited localities in Segezhsky District of the Republic of Karelia, Russia:

Nadvoitsy, an urban locality (an urban-type settlement)

Nadvoitsy (rural locality), a rural locality (a village)

Nadvoitsy
Nadvoitsy (Russian: Надво́ицы; Karelian: Vojačču; Finnish: Vojatšu) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Segezhsky District of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located on the shore of Lake Vygozero, 287 kilometers (178 mi) north of Petrozavodsk, the capital of the republic. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 8,372.
Carolina Gaitán
Carolina del Pilar Gaitán Lozano (born 4 April 1984) is a Colombian actress and singer. She studied at the Lee Strasberg Theater and Film Institute in New York and has been awarded two Premios Tu Mundo from Telemundo.

She has starred in many series with lead roles in Celia, Sin Senos Sí Hay Paraíso, and Narcos, among many others. She has also worked on several musicals at Colombia's National Theater. As a singer, she has lent her voice to many TV theme songs and has her album composed by her. Her musical project combines the sounds of various tropical currents empowering Latin women with salsa, son, and bolero, among others.

She participated in The Greatest Showman promotional theme "This is Me" and voiced Pepa Madrigal in the 2021 Disney animated film Encanto.  She is also participating as a judge in the reality show X Factor Colombia.

Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute
The Lee Strasberg Theatre & Film Institute (originally the Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute) is an acting school founded in 1969 by the actor, director, and acting teacher Lee Strasberg. The Institute is located in Union Square on East 15th Street, also known as Lee Strasberg Way, in New York City. The school has a secondary campus in Los Angeles.

For more than 40 years, the Institute has partnered with New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, where students can earn a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree. The Los Angeles campus also offers an Associate of Occupational Studies degree. Until her January 2024 death, the Institute was under the artistic direction of Anna Strasberg, Lee Strasberg's widow. Students at the Lee Strasberg Theatre & Film Institute learn method acting, an acting technique created and developed by Strasberg.
Spanish ship Principe de Asturias
A number of ships of the Spanish Navy (Armada Española) have been named Principe de Asturias, including -

Principe de Asturias, the former HMS Cumberland (1695), a ship of the line acquired in 1717 and recaptured by the British in 1718.

Principe de Asturias, a ship of the line launched in 1794 and lost in 1814.

Príncipe de Asturias, a light aircraft carrier in commission from 1988 to 2013 and sold for scrapping in 2017.

Light aircraft carrier
A light aircraft carrier, or light fleet carrier, is an aircraft carrier smaller than the standard carriers of a navy. The precise definition of the type varies by country; light carriers typically have a complement of aircraft only one-half to two-thirds the size of a full-sized fleet carrier. A light carrier was similar in concept to an escort carrier in most respects; however, light carriers were intended for higher speeds to be deployed alongside fleet carriers, while escort carriers were typically relatively slow and usually defended equally slow convoys, as well as providing air support during amphibious operations.
Anti-Flag Desecration Law (Germany)
The Anti-Flag Desecration Law of 1932 banned flag desecration by "insulting or maliciously and with intent belittling" the German Reich, its states, their constitution, colors, or flags, or the Wehrmacht. The law was not a Nazi law; it was an amendment to the German criminal code, signed into law as an emergency decree in the Weimar Republic on 19 December 1932 by President Paul von Hindenburg and the cabinet of Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher. A revised form of the law is still in effect today.

Initially, §134a StGB protected only the flag of the democratic Germany.

Later legislation, on 12 March 1933, and the Reichsflaggengesetz of 15 September 1935, extended the protection to the Nazi flag.

National colours
National colours are frequently part of a country's set of national symbols. Many states and nations have formally adopted a set of colours as their official "national colours" while others have de facto national colours that have become well known through popular use. National colours often appear on a variety of different media, from the nation's flag to the colours used in sports. Before World War I, they also served as the colours of different military uniforms for each nation or region.
WKEF
WKEF (channel 22) is a television station in Dayton, Ohio, United States, affiliated with ABC, Fox, and MyNetworkTV. It is owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group, which provides certain services to WRGT-TV (channel 45) under a local marketing agreement (LMA) with Cunningham Broadcasting. However, Sinclair effectively owns WRGT-TV as the majority of Cunningham's stock is owned by the family of deceased group founder Julian Smith. The two stations share studios on Corporate Place in Miamisburg; WKEF's transmitter is located off South Gettysburg Avenue in southwest Dayton.

Duopoly (broadcasting)
A duopoly (or twinstick, referring to "stick" as jargon for a radio tower) is a situation in television and radio broadcasting in which two or more stations in the same city or community share common ownership.
Xylosma nepalensis
Xylosma nepalensis is an extinct species of flowering plant in the family Salicaceae, excavated from the Sivalik Hills within western Nepal, with an estimated temporal range spanning the Miocene to the Pliocene. It was first described by Mahesh Prasad and Shivendra Mohan Pandey in 2008.

Sivalik Hills
The Sivalik Hills, also known as Churia Hills, are a mountain range of the outer Himalayas.
The literal translation of "Sivalik" is 'tresses of Shiva'. The hills are known for their numerous fossils, and are also home to the Soanian Middle Paleolithic archaeological culture.
Turnpike trust
Turnpike trusts were bodies set up by individual acts of Parliament, with powers to collect road tolls for maintaining the principal roads in Britain from the 17th but especially during the 18th and 19th centuries. At the peak, in the 1830s, over 1,000 trusts  administered around 30,000 miles (48,000 km) of turnpike road in England and Wales, taking tolls at almost 8,000 toll-gates and side-bars.

During the early 19th century the concept of the turnpike trust was adopted and adapted to manage roads within the British Empire (Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India, and South Africa) and in the United States.

Turnpikes declined with the coming of the railways and then the Local Government Act 1888 gave responsibility for maintaining main roads to county councils and county borough councils.

Thomas Telford
Thomas Telford FRS FRSE (9 August 1757 – 2 September 1834) was a Scottish civil engineer. After establishing himself as an engineer of road and canal projects in Shropshire, he designed numerous infrastructure projects in his native Scotland, as well as harbours and tunnels. Such was his reputation as a prolific designer of highways and related bridges, he was dubbed the 'Colossus of Roads' (a pun on the Colossus of Rhodes), and, reflecting his command of all types of civil engineering in the early 19th century, he was elected as the first president of the Institution of Civil Engineers, a post he held for 14 years until his death. The town of Telford in Shropshire was named after him.
Didier Borotra
Didier Borotra (30 August 1937 – 21 August 2024) was a French politician who was a member of the Senate, representing the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department from 1992 to 2011. He was re-elected in 2001 and did not stand in 2011.

Borotra served alongside Auguste Cazalet (1983–2011), Louis Althapé (1992–2001), André Labbarère (2001–2006) and Annie Jarraud-Vergnolle (2006–2011).

He was a member of the Centrist Union group and the MoDem. At the end of his tenure, he served on the Senate Committee for Foreign Affairs, Defence and the Armed Forces.

In 2017, he was accused of having "wrongfully canceled more than 4,632 minutes" between January 2009 and June 2013, having caused a shortfall of around 120,000 euros to the city of Biarritz. He was sentenced on appeal to a fine of 30,000 euro. His appeal was rejected by the Court of Cassation in 2018.

Borotra died in Bayonne on 21 August 2024, at the age of 86.

2011 French Senate election
A Senate election was held for 165 of the 348 seats in the Senate of France on 25 September 2011. Senate members were primarily elected by municipal officials, and the number of senators was increased from 343 to 348, due to the growth of France's population since the previous election was held in 2008. The Socialist Party and other left-of-center parties gained a majority of seats in the upper house for the first time in the Fifth Republic.
Gaines Davis
Gaines Nunnelly Davis mid-identified in one source as Trenton Gaines Davis (October 10, 1913 - December 1983) was an American football player.

Davis war born in 1914 in Abilene, Texas. He attended St. Joseph High School in Lubbock, Texas, and then enrolled at Texas Technological College (now known as Texas Tech University). He played college football as a guard for the Texas Tech Red Raiders from 1933 to 1935.

In February 1936, Davis signed with the New York Giants of the National Football League. He played for the Giants as a guard during their 1936 season, appearing in six games.

After his playing career ended, Davis became a manager of Texas-New Mexico Utilities Company at Floydada, Texas. In August 1934, he married Edith Dean in Tahoka, Texas. He served in the United States Navy during World War II. He later operated a beauty salon with his wife in Lamesa, Texas.  He died in Lamesa in 1972 at age 58.

Texas Tech Red Raiders football
The Texas Tech Red Raiders football program is a college football team that represents Texas Tech University (variously "TTU"). The Red Raiders competes as a member of the Big 12 Conference, which is a Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The program began in 1925 and has an overall winning record, including a total of 12 conference titles and one conference division title. On November 8, 2021, Joey McGuire was hired as the team's 17th head football coach, replacing Matt Wells, who was fired in the middle of the 2021 season. Home games are played at Jones AT&T Stadium in Lubbock, Texas.
America's National Game
America's National Game is a book by Albert Spalding, published in 1911, that details the early history of the sport of baseball. It is one of the defining books in the early formative years of modern baseball.

Much of the story is told first-hand; since the 1850s, Spalding had been involved in the game, first as a pitcher and later a manager and club owner. Later he branched out to become a leading manufacturer of sporting goods.

In addition to his personal recollections, he had access to the records of Henry Chadwick, the game's first statistician and archivist. Much of his early history of the game is considered to be reliable. Spalding was, however, said to aggrandize his role in the major moments in baseball's history. Early editions of the book include quality full-page photo-plates of important players.

Henry Chadwick (writer)
Henry Chadwick (October 5, 1824 – April 20, 1908) was an English-American sportswriter, baseball statistician and historian, often called the "Father of Baseball" for his early reporting on and contributions to the development of the game. He edited the first baseball guide sold to the public. He is credited with creating box scores, as well as creating the abbreviation "K" that designates a strikeout. He was posthumously inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1938.
Keep On Lovin' You
"Keep On Lovin' You" is a debut song recorded by American country music duo Steel Magnolia, which was written by Chris Stapleton and Trent Willmon.  It was released in September 2009 as the first single from the album Steel Magnolia.  The digital iTunes single was released a month earlier on August 9, 2009. It is included on the duo's self-titled EP, released in February 2010. The song was performed by the duo on the season finale of the CMT series Can You Duet, which they also won.

CMT (American TV channel)
Country Music Television, often abbreviated to CMT, is an American pay TV network that launched on March 5, 1983. It is currently owned by Paramount Skydance Corporation through the MTV Entertainment Group unit of its networks division. CMT was the first nationally available channel devoted to country music and country music videos, with its programming also including concerts, specials, and biographies of country music stars.

Over time, the network's programming expanded to incorporate original lifestyle and reality programming, and acquired sitcoms. As of December 2023, CMT is available to approximately 56 million pay television households in the United States; down from its 2011 peak of 93 million households. The channel's headquarters are located at the Paramount Pictures lot in Los Angeles, and has additional offices in Nashville, Tennessee.
Wilfrido Garay
Wilfrido Garay (18 July 1943 – 24 January 2015) was a Paraguayan footballer. He played in one match for the Paraguay national football team in 1967. He was also part of Paraguay's squad for the 1967 South American Championship.

1967 South American Championship
The 1967 South American Football Championship was won by hosts Uruguay, with Argentina finished second. Brazil and Peru withdrew from the tournament. It was the first tournament in which Venezuela participated. It would be the last time the tournament would be known as the South American Football Championship before being rebranded to Copa América, and the last time it would be formatted as a round-robin tournament.
Julus terrestris
Julus terrestris is a species of millipede from the family Julidae. It was described by Carl Linnaeus in his landmark 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae. The species can be found in Austria, the Baltic states, Belarus, the Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine, Scandinavia (except Norway), and all countries of the former Yugoslavia (except Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, and Slovenia).

10th edition of Systema Naturae
The 10th edition of Systema Naturae (Latin; the English title is A General System of Nature) is a book written by Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus and published in two volumes in 1758 and 1759, which marks the starting point of zoological nomenclature. In it, Linnaeus introduced binomial nomenclature for animals, something he had already done for plants in his 1753 publication of Species Plantarum.
Nicholas Mwere
Nicholas Mwere (born 13 March 2001) is a Ugandan professional footballer who plays as a defender for BUL FC in the Uganda Premier League and the Uganda national football team. He has also represented Uganda in beach soccer with the national team, the Sand Cranes.

Uganda national beach soccer team
The Uganda national beach soccer team represents Uganda in international beach soccer competitions and is controlled by the FUFA, the governing body for football in Uganda. The Uganda national beach soccer team played their first game, in international friendly match, in December 2014, winning 6–5 to Zanzibar Sand Heroes Their second win came in the 2015 February 1 in the next friendly match against Kenya Sand Heroes in Mombasa, in which Uganda won against the hosts 7–6.
Kleiner Semmering Pass
Kleiner Semmering Pass (el. 463 m [1,519 ft]) is a low mountain pass in the Wienerwald in the Bundesland of Lower Austria.

It forms the divide between the watersheds of the Vienna River and the Liesingbach.

Lower Austria
Lower Austria (German: Niederösterreich pronounced [ˈniːdɐˌ(ʔ)øːstɐraɪç] ⓘ, Bavarian: Niedaöstareich, abbreviated LA or NÖ) is one of the nine states of Austria, located in the northeastern corner of the country. Major cities are Amstetten, Krems an der Donau, Wiener Neustadt and Sankt Pölten, which has been the capital of Lower Austria since 1986, replacing Vienna, which became a separate state in 1921. With a land area of 19,186 km2 (7,408 sq mi) and a population of 1.7 million people, Lower Austria is the largest and second-most-populous state in Austria (after Vienna).
Danoprevir
Danoprevir (INN) is an orally available 15-membered macrocyclic peptidomimetic inhibitor of NS3/4A HCV protease. It contains acylsulfonamide, fluoroisoindole and tert-butyl carbamate moieties. Danoprevir is a clinical candidate based on its favorable potency profile against multiple HCV genotypes 1–6 and key mutants (GT1b, IC50 = 0.2–0.4 nM; replicon GT1b, EC50 = 1.6 nM).
Danoprevir has been evaluated in an open-label, single arm clinical trial in combination with ritonavir for treating COVID-19 and favourably compared to lopinavir/ritonavir in a second trial.

Hepatitis C virus
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a small (55–65 nm in size), enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae. The hepatitis C virus is the cause of hepatitis C and some cancers such as liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma, abbreviated HCC) and lymphomas in humans.