hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Quintus Antonius Balbus
Quintus Antonius Balbus was a Plebeian politician of Ancient Rome. He lived in the 1st century BCE.

Balbus was praetor in Sardinia in 82 BCE, during the civil war instigated by Roman Republican general Sulla. Balbus held that province on the side of the populares, but was killed by Lucius Marcius Philippus, legate of Sulla, who successfully conquered the province to bring it under Sulla's control.

Coinage survives that was struck either by, or in honor of, this Balbus. The obverse of the serrated silver denarius represents the head of the Roman god Jupiter; the reverse reads "Q. A(N)TO. BA(L)B. PR." with Victoria driving a quadriga.

Legate (ancient Rome)
A legate (Latin: legatus, Classical Latin: [ɫeːˈɡaːtʊs]) was a high-ranking military officer in the Roman army, equivalent to a modern-era general officer. Initially used to delegate power, the term became formalised under Augustus as the officer in command of a Roman legion.

From the times of the Roman Republic, legates received large shares of the military's rewards at the end of a successful campaign. This made the position a lucrative one, so it could often attract even distinguished consuls or other high-ranking political figures within Roman politics (e.g., the consul Lucius Julius Caesar volunteered late in the Gallic Wars as a legate under his first cousin, Gaius Julius Caesar).

Diplomats and envoys sent by Rome were also given the title of legate.
Ibogaminalog
Ibogaminalog (developmental code name DM-506) is a non-selective and non-psychedelic serotonin receptor modulator of the ibogalog group related to the iboga alkaloid ibogamine but with a simplified chemical structure. It was first described in the 1960s but was subsequently further studied and reported on in the 2020s.

Iboga-type alkaloid
Iboga-type alkaloids are a set of monoterpene indole alkaloids comprising naturally occurring compounds found in Tabernanthe and Tabernaemontana, as well as synthetic structural analogs. Naturally occurring iboga-type alkaloids include ibogamine, ibogaine, tabernanthine, and other substituted ibogamines (see below). Ibogaine is a hallucinogen and is referred to as an oneirogen. Many iboga-type alkaloids display biological activities such as cardiac toxicity and psychoactive effects, and some have been studied as potential treatments for drug addiction.
Linton Hall School
Linton Hall School (formerly Linton Hall Military School) is a Catholic coeducational day-school occupying a 120‑acre campus in Bristow, Virginia, in Prince William County about 60 km (37 mi) west of Washington, D.C. It is located within the Roman Catholic Diocese of Arlington.

Diocese of Arlington
The Diocese of Arlington (Latin: Dioecesis Arlingtonensis) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in Northern Virginia in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Archdiocese of Baltimore. The Cathedral of St. Thomas More is the mother church of the diocese.

Michael F. Burbidge has been serving as bishop of the Diocese of Arlington since December 2016. The patron saint of the diocese is the English statesman Thomas More.
Erskine Caldwell
Erskine Preston Caldwell (December 17, 1903 – April 11, 1987) was an American novelist and short story writer. His writings about poverty, racism and social problems in his native Southern United States, in novels such as Tobacco Road (1932) and God's Little Acre (1933), won him critical acclaim.

With cumulative sales of 10 million and 14 million copies, respectively, Tobacco Road and God's Little Acre rank as two of the best-selling American novels of all-time, with the former being adapted into a 1933 play that set a Broadway record for consecutive performances, since surpassed.

Paradise Valley, Arizona
Paradise Valley is a desert and mountain town in Arizona east of state capital Phoenix. The town is known for its golf courses, resorts and restaurants, the  workshop of Paolo Soleri, and close proximity to Scottsdale and Phoenix. According to the 2020 census, its population was 12,658.

The town's name comes from the expansive area known as Paradise Valley that spreads from north of the Phoenix Mountains to Cave Creek and Carefree on the north and the McDowell Mountains to the east. Resident children in the majority of the municipality attend schools in the Scottsdale Unified School District.
Kendra Johnson
Kendra Johnson is an American politician. She is a Democratic member of the Delaware House of Representatives, representing District 5. In 2018, Johnson was elected after winning a three-way primary race against Ajawavi J. Ajavon and William Resto Jr., where she received nearly 60 percent of the votes. She was unopposed in the general election.

Delaware House of Representatives
The Delaware State House of Representatives is the lower house of the Delaware General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Delaware. It is composed of 41 Representatives from an equal number of constituencies, each of whom is elected to a two-year term. Its members are not subject to term limits, and their terms start the day after the election. The House meets at the Delaware Legislative Hall in Dover.
Altamirano (surname)
Altamirano is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Armin Altamirano Luistro (born 1961), Filipino politician and religious leader

Carlos Altamirano (1922–2019), Chilean socialist politician

Eric Altamirano (born 1966), Filipino basketball player and coach

Fernando Altamirano (1848–1908), Mexican physician, botanist, and naturalist

Héctor Altamirano (born 1977), Mexican footballer

Ignacio Manuel Altamirano (1834–1893), Mexican novelist and politician

Luis Altamirano (1867–1938), Chilean military officer

Porfi Altamirano (born 1952), Nicaraguan baseball player

Pedro de Anda Altamirano (1551–1619), Spanish conquistador

Eric Altamirano
Frederick "Eric" Altamirano (born August 8, 1966) is a Filipino former basketball player and was formerly the assistant coach of the Alaska Aces. At the present, he is the commissioner of Chooks-to-Go Pilipinas 3x3 and PBA 3x3. He was part of the Philippine national team that played at the 1986 Asian Games. He is the former head coach of the National University Bulldogs from 2011 to 2016.
Werbrouck
Werbrouck is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Joseph Werbrouck (1882–1974), Belgian track cyclist

Marcelle Werbrouck (1889–1959), Belgian Egyptologist

Ulla Werbrouck (born 1972), Belgian politician and judoka

Joseph Werbrouck
Joseph Werbrouck (10 January 1882 – 3 June 1974) was a Belgian track cyclist who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics. In 1908 he won the bronze medal in the 20 kilometres competition. He also competed in the 660 yards event but was eliminated in the first round.
Union for Democracy and Progress group
The Union for Democracy and Progress group (Arabic: فريق الاتحاد من أجل الديمقراطية والتقدم, French: Groupe de l'Union pour la démocratie et le progrès, UDP) is a Mauritanian parliamentary group in the National Assembly. It was created after the Union for Democracy and Progress (UDP) secured ten seats in the 2023 Mauritanian parliamentary election, three more than the required to form a parliamentary group.

Union for Democracy and Progress
The Union for Democracy and Progress (Arabic: الاتحاد من أجل الديمقراطية والتقدم, romanized: al-ittiḥād min ajl ad-dīmuqrāṭiya wat-taqaddum, French: Union pour la démocratie et le progrès, UDP) is a political party in Mauritania. The UDP is led by Naha Mint Mouknass. As of 2023, the UDP has 10 seats in the National Assembly of Mauritania.
Beer riots in Bavaria
The beer riots in Bavaria happened between 1 May and 5 May 1844, beginning after King Ludwig I decreed a tax on beer. Crowds of urban workers beat up police while the Bavarian army showed reluctance to get involved. Civil order was restored only after the King decreed a ten percent reduction in the price of beer.  Following the Revolutions of 1848, Ludwig I abdicated in favour of his son, Maximilian II.

Maximilian II of Bavaria
Maximilian II (28 November 1811 – 10 March 1864) reigned as King of Bavaria between 1848 and 1864.

Ascending the throne during the German Revolution of 1848, King Maximilian restored stability in his kingdom. The rest of his reign was characterized by attempts to maintain Bavarian independence during the wars of German Unification and to transform his capital city of Munich into a cultural and educational city. He was very popular and took a greater interest in the business of government than in personal extravagance.
Billy Kettle
William Walderham Kettle (10 September 1898 – 12 October 1980) was an English professional footballer who played as an outside left in the Football League for Wigan Borough, Southend United, Southport and Grimsby Town. He was an English Schools' international.

Wigan Borough F.C.
Wigan Borough Football Club was an English football club from the town of Wigan, Lancashire. their forerunners were Wigan A.F.C., Wigan County, Wigan United and Wigan Town,  County and Town having folded.
Hugh Paterson Innes
Hugh Paterson Innes, KC (September 14, 1870 – October 10, 1931) was an Ontario lawyer, judge and political figure. He represented Norfolk North in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1908 to 1911 as a Conservative member.

He was born in Dundas, Ontario, the son of William P. Innes, and was educated in Simcoe. He studied law at Osgoode Hall, was called to the bar in 1893 and set up practice in Simcoe. Innes served as town solicitor and was also a member of the local school board. In 1908, he was named King's Counsel. He married Mabel M. Livingston in 1896, with whom he had eight children.

He was named judge for Dufferin County in May 1931. Innes died later that year when his car collided with a stationary freight train at night during a heavy rainstorm.

Dundas, Ontario
Dundas (/ˈdʌnˌdæs/) is a community and urban district in the city of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. It is nicknamed Valley Town because of its topographical location at the bottom of the Niagara Escarpment on the western edge of Lake Ontario. The population has been stable for decades at about 20,000, largely because it has not annexed rural land from the protected Dundas Valley Conservation Area.

Notable events are the Buskerfest in early June and the Dundas Cactus Festival in August.
Neuropathic pain
Neuropathic pain is pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. Neuropathic pain may be associated with abnormal sensations called dysesthesia or pain from normally non-painful stimuli (allodynia). It may have continuous and/or episodic (paroxysmal) components. The latter resemble stabbings or electric shocks. Common qualities include burning or coldness, "pins and needles" sensations, numbness and itching.

Up to 7–8% of the European population is affected by neuropathic pain, and in 5% of persons it may be severe. The pain may result from disorders of the peripheral nervous system or the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). Neuropathic pain may occur in isolation or in combination with other forms of pain. Medical treatments focus on identifying the underlying cause and relieving pain. In cases of peripheral neuropathy, the pain may progress to insensitivity.

Nerve injury classification
Nerve injury classification assists in prognosis and determination of treatment strategy for nerve injuries. Classification was described by Seddon in 1943 and by Sunderland in 1951. In the lowest degree of nerve injury the nerve remains intact, but signaling ability is damaged, termed neurapraxia. In the second degree the axon is damaged, but the surrounding connecting tissue remains intact – axonotmesis. The last degree, in which both the axon and connective tissue are damaged, is called neurotmesis.
2014 Distal & ITR Group Tennis Cup – Doubles
Santiago Giraldo and Cristian Rodríguez were the defending champion but Giraldo did not participate that year. Rodríguez played alongside Enrico Fioravante and they lost in the First Round.

Guillermo Durán and Máximo González won the title, defeating Riccardo Ghedin and Claudio Grassi in the final, 6–1, 3–6, [10–7].

Máximo González
Máximo González Mereira (Latin American Spanish: [ˈmaɣsimo ɣonˈsales meˈɾejɾa]; born July 20, 1983) is an Argentine professional tennis player. His career-high singles ranking is World No. 58, achieved in July 2009 and his career-high doubles ranking is World No. 10 achieved on 11 September 2023.
War of the Twins
War of the Twins is a 1986 fantasy novel by American writers Margaret Weis and Tracy Hickman. Part of the Dragonlance series of novels, it is the second novel in the Dragonlance Legends trilogy, which details the journey of the fictional twins Raistlin Majere and Caramon Majere, along with Crysania and Tasslehoff Burrfoot. The book details their adventures during the Dwarfgate Wars, some 100 years after the Cataclysm, a monumental event in the Dragonlance world that altered the shape of the world. The story sees Raistlin, Caramon, and Crysania arrive in the Tower of High Sorcery at Palanthas. Caramon, before bent on stopping Raistlin's quest for godhood, must now aid him to return to his own time period.

Margaret Weis
Margaret Edith Weis (/waɪs/; born March 16, 1948) is an American fantasy and science fiction author of dozens of novels and short stories. At TSR, Inc., she teamed with Tracy Hickman to create the Dragonlance role-playing game (RPG) world. She is founding CEO and owner of Sovereign Press, Inc and Margaret Weis Productions, licensing several popular television and movie franchises to make RPG series in addition to their own.

In 1999, Pyramid magazine named Weis one of The Millennium's Most Influential Persons, saying she and Hickman are "basically responsible for the entire gaming fiction genre". In 2002, she was inducted into the Origins Hall of Fame in part for Dragonlance.
John Clang
John Clang, born Ang Choon Leng (Chinese: 汪春龙; pinyin: Wāng Chūnlóng), is a Singaporean visual artist whose work encompasses photography, film, and metaphysical performance. His practice explores themes of time, identity, interiority, and diaspora, often blurring the line between documentation and conceptual inquiry.

Clang’s work has been exhibited at art institutions and major platforms including the Centre for Contemporary Culture Strozzina (Italy),Deichtorhallen Hamburg (Germany), the National Museum of Singapore, the Pera Museum (Turkey), the Singapore Art Museum, and Sharjah Biennial

He divides his time between Singapore and New York.

Gillman Barracks
Gillman Barracks is a contemporary arts cluster in Singapore that is home to international art galleries, restaurants and the NTU Centre for Contemporary Art Singapore, which are all housed in conserved colonial barracks. Gillman Barracks lies near to Alexandra Road, and the 6.4-hectare (16-acre) site covers Lock Road and Malan Road amid greenery. Gillman Barracks is jointly developed by the Singapore Economic Development Board, JTC Corporation and the National Arts Council.
Thomas Shaw, 3rd Baron Craigmyle
Thomas Shaw, 3rd Baron Craigmyle KStJ, (17 November 1923 – 30 April 1998) was a British aristocrat, a prominent convert to Roman Catholicism and a philanthropist. He was a former President of the Catholic Union of Great Britain.

Catholic Union of Great Britain
The Catholic Union of Great Britain is an association of Roman Catholic laypeople in England, Wales, and Scotland. It works with the Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales and the Catholic Bishops' Conference of Scotland. The membership of the Catholic Union includes people from all parts of the country and all walks of life. It includes doctors, nurses, teachers, lawyers, and civil servants. It represents a wealth of lay Catholic experience and expertise. The Union's purpose is to promote a Christian standpoint in public affairs.
István Bacskulin
István Bacskulin (Serbian Cyrillic: Иштван Бачкулин, romanized: Ištvan Bačkulin; born 3 March 1958) is a Serbian politician from the country's Hungarian community. He was the mayor of Kanjiža from 1993 to 2000 and served in the Vojvodina provincial assembly from 1993 to 2004. From 2012 to 2016, he led the community government of Horgoš, a settlement in Kanjiža.

Hungarians in Serbia
Hungarians are a recognized ethnic minority in Serbia. According to data from the 2022 census, the population of ethnic Hungarians in Serbia is 184,442, constituting 2.7% of the total population; they are the second-largest ethnic group in the country after Serbs and the largest ethnic minority group. The vast majority of them live in the province of Vojvodina, where they make up 10.5% of population.

Overwhelming majority of Hungarians in Serbia are Catholics, while some 5% are Protestant (mostly Calvinist).
Kushtau
Kushtau (Bashkir: Ҡуштау — «twin mountain») – is a shihan hill located in Ishimbaysky District along with Sterlitamak city's border, Russia. The mountain is a reef of an ancient tropical sea of the Lower Permian (Late Paleozoic) period formed over 230 million years ago.

Sterlitamak
Sterlitamak (Russian: Стерлитама́к, IPA: [stʲɪrlʲɪtɐˈmak]; Bashkir: Стәрлетамаҡ, romanized: Stärletamaq; Bashkir pronunciation: [stær.ˌlɪ̞.tɑ.ˈmɑq] pronunciationⓘ) is the second largest city in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, located on the left bank of the Belaya River (a tributary of the Kama River), 121 kilometers (75 mi) from Ufa. The city's name comes from the Bashkir language and literally means "mouth of the Sterlya river". According to data released by Bashstat, Sterlitamak had a population of 277,410 at the time of the census. The permanent population
of Sterlitamak as of January 1, 2023 was 279,174 people.
Religion and the Internet
Religions are represented on the Internet in many ways. There are sites which attempt to cover all religions, traditions, and faiths, such as Patheos (which also provides a forum for atheism and Humanism), Religious Tolerance, and Beliefnet. There are also sites that are specific to a religious tradition. Many sites are discussion groups, others host theological debates, and some provide advice concerning religious doctrine. Some sites aim to provide a religious experience facilitating prayer, meditation, or virtual pilgrimages. People also leverage search engines to investigate aspects of religion. Some religious websites are translated into several languages. For example, JW.ORG features content in over 1,000 languages.

Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance
The Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance (OCRT) was a group in Kingston, Ontario, that was dedicated to the promotion of religious tolerance through their website, ReligiousTolerance.org, from 1995 to 2023.
Kathan Brown
Kathan Louise Brown (April 23, 1935 – March 10, 2025) was an American master printmaker, writer, lecturer, and entrepreneur. In 1962, Brown founded Crown Point Press, a fine art print shop specializing in etching, and owned and directed the shop since then. Crown Point Press is widely credited with sparking the revival of etching as a viable art medium. Some of the most important artists of our time, including John Cage, Chuck Close, Anish Kapoor, Ed Ruscha, Kiki Smith and Pat Steir, have worked there.

Edward Ruscha
Edward Joseph Ruscha IV (/ruːˈʃeɪ/, roo-SHAY; born December 16, 1937) is an American artist associated with the pop art movement. He has worked in the media of painting, printmaking, drawing, photography, and film. He is also noted for creating several artist's books. Ruscha lives and works in Culver City, California.
Nakatsuka Kofun
The Nakatsuka Kofun (中塚古墳, Nakatsuka Kofun) is a kofun burial mound located in what is now part of the town of Wakasa, Fukui in the Hokuriku region of Japan. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1935.

Kofun
Kofun (古墳; from Sino-Japanese "ancient burial mound") are megalithic tombs or tumuli in Northeast Asia. Kofun were mainly constructed in the Japanese archipelago between the middle of the 3rd century to the early 7th century AD.

The term is the origin of the name of the Kofun period, which indicates the middle 3rd century to early–middle 6th century. Many kofun have distinctive keyhole-shaped mounds (zempō-kōen fun (前方後円墳)). The Mozu-Furuichi kofungun or tumulus clusters were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2019, while Ishibutai Kofun is one of a number in Asuka-Fujiwara residing on the Tentative List.
Refugee studies
Refugee studies is the academic study of refugees and forced migration. It is an interdisciplinary field associated with the humanities, the social sciences and the political sciences. It is concerned with defining the concept of the refugee, with its own relations to policymaking and with issues of displacement, settlement and integration, and family and kinship networks. The field of refugee studies emerged in the twentieth century and has produced several (sub)fields and critiques, including forced migration studies and critical refugee studies. Important contributions to the field are published in the Journal of Refugee Studies, established by the Refugee Studies Centre at the University of Oxford.

Refugee Studies Centre
The Refugee Studies Centre (RSC) was established in 1982, as part of the University of Oxford's Department of International Development (Queen Elizabeth House), in order to promote the understanding of the causes and consequences of forced migration and to improve the lives of some of the world's most marginalised people. Its philosophy is to "combine world-class academic research with a commitment to improving the lives and situations for some of the world's most disadvantaged people".
2021–22 LEB Plata season
The 2021–22 LEB Plata season was the 22nd season of the Spanish basketball third league. It started on 9 October 2021 with the first round of the regular season and ended on 21 May 2022 with the promotion playoffs.

2020–21 Liga EBA season
The 2020–21 Liga EBA season was the 27th season of the Spanish basketball fourth league. It started on 17 October 2020 with the first round of the regular season and ended on 16 May 2021 with the promotion playoffs.

It was the following season after the 2019–20 season was curtailed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, the competition systems were adapted to the growth of the number of teams with a series of independent modifications in each of the five conferences.
Convergence (SSL)
Convergence was a proposed strategy for replacing SSL certificate authorities, first put forth by Moxie Marlinspike in August 2011 while giving a talk titled "SSL and the Future of Authenticity" at the Black Hat security conference. It was demonstrated with a Firefox addon and a server-side notary daemon.

In the talk, Marlinspike proposed that all of the current problems with the certificate authority (CA) system could be reduced to a single missing property, which he called "trust agility" and which Convergence aimed to provide. The strategy claimed to be agile, secure, and distributed.

As of 2013, Marlinspike was focused on an IETF proposal called TACK, which was designed to be an uncontroversial first step that advocates for dynamic certificate pinning instead of full CA replacement and reduces the number of times a third party needs to be trusted.

Development of Convergence was continued in a "Convergence Extra" fork until about 2014.

Daemon (computing)
In computing, a daemon is a program that runs as a background process, rather than being under the direct control of an interactive user. Customary convention is to name a daemon process with the letter d as a suffix to indicate that it's a daemon. For example, syslogd is a daemon that implements system logging facility, and sshd is a daemon that serves incoming SSH connections.

Even though the concept can apply to many computing systems, the term daemon is used almost exclusively in the context of Unix-based systems. In other contexts, different terms are used for the same concept.

Systems often start daemons at boot time that will respond to network requests, hardware activity, or other programs by performing some task. Daemons such as cron may also perform defined tasks at scheduled times.