hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Romualdo Coviello
Romualdo Coviello (8 May 1940 – 21 January 2022) was an Italian politician. A member of the Christian Democracy party, the Italian People's Party, and lastly Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy, he served in the Senate of the Republic from 1987 to 2006. He died in Rome on 21 January 2022, at the age of 81.

Italian People's Party (1994)
The Italian People's Party (Italian: Partito Popolare Italiano, PPI) was a Christian-democratic, centrist and Christian-leftist political party in Italy. The party was a member of the European People's Party (EPP).

The PPI was the formal successor of the Christian Democracy (DC), but was soon deprived of its conservative elements, which successively formed the Christian Democratic Centre (CCD) in 1994 and the United Christian Democrats (CDU) in 1995. The PPI was finally merged into Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy (DL) in 2002, and DL was later merged with the Democrats of the Left (DS) and minor centre-left parties into Democratic Party (PD) in 2007.
Simon-Emmanuel Duplay
Simon-Emmanuel Duplay (10 September 1836, in Paris – 16 January 1924) was a French surgeon who was a member of the Académie de Médecine (1879).

He studied medicine in Paris, obtaining his agrégation for surgery in 1866 with a thesis on umbilical hernias titled De la hernia ombilicale. In 1867 he was appointed surgeon to the "Bureau central", later working at the Hôpital de Lourcine (1871) and the Hôpital Saint-Antoine (from 1872). In 1880 he became a professor of surgical pathology, followed by a professorship in clinical surgery (1890).

In the late 19th century he provided a comprehensive description of periarthritis of the shoulder, a condition known today as frozen shoulder, and sometimes referred to as "Duplay's disease". With German surgeon Karl Thiersch (1822-1895), his name is associated with an operation for repair of distal hypospadias (Thiersch-Duplay technique). He is also credited with creation of a nasal speculum.

Surgical pathology
Surgical pathology is the most significant and time-consuming area of practice for most anatomical pathologists. Surgical pathology involves gross and microscopic examination of surgical specimens, as well as biopsies submitted by surgeons and non-surgeons such as general internists, medical subspecialists, dermatologists, and interventional radiologists.

The practice of surgical pathology allows for definitive diagnosis of disease (or lack thereof) in any case where tissue is surgically removed from a patient. This is usually performed by a combination of gross (i.e., macroscopic) and histologic (i.e., microscopic) examination of the tissue, and may involve evaluations of molecular properties of the tissue by immunohistochemistry or other laboratory tests.
Perineurium
The perineurium is a protective sheath that surrounds a nerve fascicle. This bundles together axons targeting the same anatomical location. The perineurium is composed from fibroblasts.

In the peripheral nervous system, the myelin sheath of each axon in a nerve is wrapped in a delicate protective sheath known as the endoneurium. Fascicles, bundles of neurons, are surrounded by the perineurium. Several fascicles may be in turn bundled together with a blood supply and fatty tissue within yet another sheath, the epineurium. This grouping structure is analogous to the muscular organization system of epimysium, perimysium and endomysium.

Fibroblast
A fibroblast is a type of biological cell typically with a spindle shape that synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen, produces the structural framework (stroma) for animal tissues, and plays a critical role in wound healing. Fibroblasts are the most common cells of connective tissue in animals.
Splenomegaly
Splenomegaly is an enlargement of the spleen. The spleen usually lies in the left upper quadrant (LUQ) of the human abdomen. Splenomegaly is one of the four cardinal signs of hypersplenism which include: some reduction in number of circulating blood cells affecting granulocytes, erythrocytes or platelets in any combination; a compensatory proliferative response in the bone marrow; and the potential for correction of these abnormalities by splenectomy. Splenomegaly is usually associated with increased workload (such as in hemolytic anemias), which suggests that it is a response to hyperfunction. It is therefore not surprising that splenomegaly is associated with any disease process that involves abnormal red blood cells being destroyed in the spleen. Other common causes include congestion due to portal hypertension and infiltration by leukemias and lymphomas. Thus, the finding of an enlarged spleen, along with caput medusae, is an important sign of portal hypertension.

Granulocyte
Granulocytes are cells in the innate immune system characterized by the presence of specific granules in their cytoplasm. Such granules distinguish them from the various agranulocytes. All myeloblastic granulocytes are polymorphonuclear, that is, they have varying shapes (morphology) of the nucleus (segmented, irregular; often lobed into three segments); and are referred to as polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN, PML, or PMNL). In common terms, polymorphonuclear granulocyte refers specifically to "neutrophil granulocytes", the most abundant of the granulocytes; the other types (eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells) have varying morphology. Granulocytes are produced via granulopoiesis in the bone marrow.
Caltongate
Caltongate, now known as New Waverley Square, is the largest city centre redevelopment project in Edinburgh since the 18th century. First proposed in 2005, it took 9 years to be approved by Edinburgh Council, after delays due to the 2008 financial crisis. The name Caltongate combines Canongate and Calton Hill, as the area lies on Canongate, and faces directly onto Calton Hill. Caltongate lies within the Old Town, Edinburgh, which was recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1994. Construction began in 2014 and is yet to be completed.

BrewDog
BrewDog is a multinational brewery and pub chain based in Ellon, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. With production of over 100 million litres, BrewDog is the seventh-largest beer brand in Britain, and claims to be the "#1 Craft Brewer in Europe". As of 2023, the brand was available in 57 countries, with beers sold in over 129 bars and widely distributed internationally.

BrewDog, founded in 2007 by James Watt and Martin Dickie, opted not to invest in traditional advertising such as billboards or newspaper placements. Instead, the company employed a strategy centred on generating free media coverage through deliberately provocative campaigns, controversies, and publicity stunts.
Arasay Thondike
Arasay María Thondike Santovenia (also spelled Thondique or Tondike; born 28 May 1986 in Sagua La Grande, Villa Clara) is a female hammer thrower from Cuba. She set a personal best throw of 71.14 metres in June 2007 in Warsaw. This personal best stood for two years until she significantly improved upon it with a throw of 71.72 m at the Barrientos Memorial in Cuba.

Sagua La Grande
Sagua la Grande (nicknamed La Villa del Undoso, sometimes shortened in Sagua) is a municipality located on the north coast of the province of Villa Clara in central Cuba, on the Sagua la Grande River.  The city is close to Mogotes de Jumagua, limestone cliffs. Many cays of the Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago are located off the northern coast. People born in Sagua are called "sagüeros".
Björnstjerna
Björnstjerna is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carl Björnstjerna (1886–1982), Swedish horse rider

Magnus Björnstjerna (1779–1847), Swedish general

Oscar Björnstjerna (1819–1905), Swedish diplomat and politician

Magnus Björnstjerna
Count Magnus Fredrik Ferdinand Björnstjerna, (10 October 1779 – 6 October 1847), was a Swedish count and military general, son of the envoy to Sachsen Magnus Olof Björnstjerna and his wife, countess Vilhelmina von Hagen. He was the grandson of archbishop Magnus Beronius.
Fujairah International Marine Club
The Fujairah International Marine Club (FIMC, now rebranded as the Marine Sports Club) is a club dedicated to recreational boating in Fujairah City, Emirate of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates.

FIMC was founded in 1999, with the patronage of Sheikh Hamad bin Mohammed Al Sharqi, the Ruler of Fujairah. Facilities include fishing trips, jet skiing and speed boats. FIMC organizes deep sea fishing trips. There is a small beach and also a diving club. The club has marina berthing facilities for 120 boats, with a workshop for repairs. The club also organizes championships (e.g., the annual Formula 2000 powerboat championships and jet ski competitions) and other events (e.g., dhow sailing races). There are restaurants and a bar at the club.

The club is located on the Fujairah Corniche, off Al Corniche Road. To the north at the Hilton Fujairah hotel and beyond that Fujairah Beach.

Club (organization)
A club is an association of people united by a common interest or goal. A service club, for example, exists for voluntary or charitable activities. There are clubs devoted to hobbies and sports, social activities clubs, political and religious clubs, and so forth.
Barala railway station
Barala railway station is a railway station on Nalhati–Azimganj branch line under the Howrah railway division of Eastern Railway zone. It is situated at Sahapur, Barala in Murshidabad district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Murshidabad district
Murshidabad district is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Situated on the left bank of the river Ganges, the district is very fertile. Covering an area of 5,341 km2 (2,062 sq mi) and having a population 7.103 million (according to 2011 census), it is a densely populated district and the ninth most populous in India (out of 640). Berhampore city is the headquarters of the district.

The Murshidabad city, which lends its name to the district, was the seat of power of the Nawabs of Bengal. All of Bengal was once governed from this city. A few years after Nawab Siraj-ud-Daula lost to the British at the Battle of Plassey, the capital of Bengal was moved to the newly founded city of Calcutta, now called Kolkata.
Black-tailed gnatcatcher
The black-tailed gnatcatcher (Polioptila melanura) is a small, insectivorous bird which ranges throughout the Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.  It is nonmigratory and found in arid desert areas year-round.

Chihuahuan Desert
The Chihuahuan Desert (Spanish: Desierto de Chihuahua, Desierto Chihuahuense) is a desert ecoregion designation covering parts of northern Mexico and the southwestern United States. It occupies much of far West Texas, the middle to lower Rio Grande Valley and the lower Pecos Valley in New Mexico, and a portion of southeastern Arizona, as well as the central and northern portions of the Mexican Plateau. It is bordered on the west by the Sonoran Desert, the Colorado Plateau, and the extensive Sierra Madre Occidental range, along with northwestern lowlands of the Sierra Madre Oriental range. Its largest, continual expanse is located in Mexico, covering a large portion of the state of Chihuahua, along with portions of Coahuila, north-eastern Durango, the extreme northern part of Zacatecas, and small western portions of Nuevo León. With an area of about 501,896 km2 (193,783 sq mi), it is the largest hot desert in North America. The desert is fairly young, existing for only 8,000 years.
Harry Ensign
Harry Ensign (1883 in Waterbury, Connecticut – 1943 in Hollywood) was an early American cinematographer of the silent period. He became head of the film laboratory at Paramount Pictures. He worked with Charlie Chaplin on films such as A Night in the Show (1915), A Woman (1915), By the Sea (1915),  The Champion (1915), A Jitney Elopement (1915), The Bank (1915), Work (1915), A Night Out (1915), Shanghaied (1915). Police (1916),  and Triple Trouble (1918).

A Night Out (1915 film)
A Night Out is a 1915 Charlie Chaplin comedy short. It was Chaplin's first film with Edna Purviance, who would continue as his leading lady for the following eight years.  It was also Chaplin's first film with Essanay Film Company in Niles, California.  Chaplin's first Essanay film, His New Job, was made in the Chicago studio, after which he moved to Niles Studios.  He found Purviance in San Francisco when he was searching for a leading lady for his films.  A Night Out also stars Ben Turpin, Leo White and Bud Jamison.
Sailor Zombie
Sailor Zombie (Japanese: セーラーゾンビ, Hepburn: Sērā Zonbi) is a Japanese mixed-media project created by the AKB48 idol group and Isshin Inudo. A television drama series aired from April to July 2014. A manga adaptation with art by Jiji & Pinch was serialized in Hero's Inc.'s seinen manga magazine Monthly Hero's from April 2014 to December 2015 and was collected in four tankōbon volumes. An anime adaptation has been announced.

Mixed media
In visual art, mixed media describes artwork in which more than one medium or material has been employed.
Assemblages, collages, and sculpture are three common examples of art using different media. Materials used to create mixed media art include, but are not limited to, paint, cloth, paper, wood and found objects.

Mixed media art is distinguished from multimedia art which combines visual art with non-visual elements, such as recorded sound, literature, drama, dance, motion graphics, music, or interactivity.
Subrata Adak
Subrata Adak is an Indian biochemist and a senior scientist at the Indian Institute of Chemical Biology. An alumnus of Jadavpur University from where he secured a PhD, Adak is known for his studies on Leishmania, the causative pathogen of Leishmaniasis. His studies have been documented by way of a number of articles and ResearchGate, an online repository of scientific articles has listed 55 of them. Besides, he has published one monograph on Leishmania where he has also contributed chapters. The Department of Biotechnology of the Government of India awarded him the National Bioscience Award for Career Development, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to biosciences, in 2012.

Department of Biotechnology
The Department of Biotechnology (DBT) is an Indian government department, under the Ministry of Science and Technology responsible for administrating development and commercialisation in the field of modern biology and biotechnology in India. It was set up in 1986.
Leon Bristedt
Leon Bristedt (born 14 March 1995) is a Swedish professional ice hockey forward. He is currently playing with Rögle BK in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL).

Bristedt spent four years at the University of Minnesota in the Big Ten Conference before returning to Sweden and signing with Rögle BK of the SHL in 2018. Bristedt has also played two seasons in the Swiss National League (NL) with HC Davos.

HC Davos
Hockey Club Davos is a professional ice hockey club based in Davos, Switzerland. The team competes in the National League (NL), the highest league in Switzerland. It is generally referred to by its abbreviation "HCD" by the fans. The team is usually a strong force in the league and often bolster their roster with Swiss national team players and players who once played for National Hockey League (NHL) teams. Since 1923, HC Davos has hosted the annual Spengler Cup tournament, which is an invitational competition.

The team had the lowest attendance of the National League for the 2016–17 season, averaging 4,792 spectators over their 25 regular season home games.
Blood pasta
Blood pasta (Italian: pasta al sangue; German: blutnudeln/bludnudlen, schwoasnudel, lit. 'blood noodles, black noodles') is a pasta delicacy of Trentino-South Tyrol, Italy. The pasta is traditionally made from rye flour - typical to Trentino-South Tyrolean cuisine - and pig's blood, in a tagliatelle format. The blood lends the pasta a unique color varying between red, purple and brown.

The pasta was historically made during the traditional European autumn pig slaughter, in an effort to utilize all parts of the slaughtered pig. Blood pasta is traditionally pared with a sauce of butter, sage and cheese: cheeses used include farmer's cheese, and the regional specialty Tyrolean grey cheese.

Tyrolean grey cheese
Tyrolean grey cheese (Tiroler Graukäse) is a strongly flavoured, rennet-free cows-milk acid-curd cheese made in the Tyrolean Alp valleys, Austria. It owes its name to the grey mold that usually grows on its rind. It is extremely low in fat (around 0.5%) and it has a powerful penetrating smell.
The cheese produced in Austria is registered as protected designation of origin (PDO), Austria generally indicated in German as g.U. (geschützte Ursprungsbezeichnung) under the official name Tiroler Graukäse. The registration of the PDO states that its production has been a significant element of Tyrolean peasant gastronomy for centuries. Graukäse produced in Italy is protected by a prodotti agroalimentari tradizionali (PAT) designation. Graukäse making became widespread on farms due to the simplicity of making and the availability of low-fat milk after the fat had been taken for use in butter making.
Law of Bahrain
The Law of Bahrain is set out in its constitution.  Several controversial laws have been passed in the history of the country.  The State Security Law of 1974, for example, was used by the government to crush political unrest from 1974 until 2001.  Also, the Royal Decree 56 of 2002 issued by King Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifah grants impunity to security officers and state officials from being prosecuted for human rights abuses prior to 2001.  Amiri decrees are also put into effect in the Law of Bahrain.

Amiri decree
An amiri decree is a decree, equivalent to a law, made by an emir or his representatives (Arabic: المرسوم الأميري), generally in Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates.

Examples are:

Amiri Decree Law No. 13 of 1984 (Bahrain), establishing a High Counsel for Labour Services

Amiri Decree No. 11/1999 (Qatar) forming a Constitution Drafting Committee

Amiri Decree No. 3 of 1988 as amended by the Amiri Decree No. 3 of 1996 (Ajman, UAE) creating and granting autonomous status to the Ajman Free Zone
Nangal Soti
Nagal Soti is a village in India. It is located in the Najibabad block, Bijnor district of the state of Uttar Pradesh. Nagal Soti belongs to the Moradabad division, which is located 34 km north of the district headquarters of Bijnor, 15 km from Najibabad, and 483 km from the state capital of Lucknow.

Najibabad
Najibabad is a town in the Bijnor district of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, located near the city of Bijnor. It is a major industrial centre and has national transport links via rail and roadways such as NH 119 and NH 74.
Shivam (2015 Kannada film)
Shivam is a 2015 Indian Kannada action thriller film written and directed by Srinivas Raju and produced by C. R. Manohar. It stars Upendra, Saloni Aswani, Ragini Dwivedi, Makarand Deshpande, Sharath Lohitashwa, P. Ravi Shankar and Srinivasa Murthy.

Shivam was released on 2 January 2015 and received positive reviews from critics. It was dubbed and released in Telugu as Brahmana in 2016.

P. Ravi Shankar
Pudipeddi Ravi Shankar (born 28 November 1966), also known as Sai Ravi, is an Indian actor, dubbing artist, director and a writer. As an actor, he predominantly appears in Kannada films, in addition to Telugu and Tamil films. As a dubbing artist, he has dubbed for over 3500 films, with more than 1000 of those each in Telugu and Tamil, and over 150 in Kannada.

Son of the actor P. J. Sarma and the younger brother of actor Sai Kumar, Ravi Shankar made his directorial debut with the Kannada film Durgi in 2004. Shankar worked as a dialogue writer, writing dialogues for over 75 Telugu films and its Tamil counterparts. He also worked as a playback singer for Telugu films, such as Rakta Charitra and Bejawada. He gained recognition for his role in the 2011 Kannada film Kempe Gowda, for which he won the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Kannada.
WAAW
WAAW (94.7 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Williston, South Carolina, and serving the Augusta metropolitan area. The station carries a gospel music format. It uses the moniker "Shout 94.7". It is owned by Wisdom, Inc., led by Dr. Frank Neely. The radio studios and offices are on Park Avenue SE in Aiken, South Carolina.

WAAW has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 2,550 watts. The transmitter is on Perry Street at Old Barnwell Road in Montmorenci, South Carolina.

Montmorenci, South Carolina
Montmorenci is an unincorporated community in Aiken County, South Carolina, United States. The community is located along U.S. Route 78, 5.3 miles (8.5 km) east-southeast of Aiken. Montmorenci has a post office with ZIP code 29839.
Coretho
In Greek mythology, Coretho (Ancient Greek: Κορέθοντα) was an Arcadian prince as one of the 50 sons of the impious King Lycaon either by the naiad Cyllene, Nonacris or by unknown woman. Possibly he is the same person as the Italian king named Corythus, who is called the father of Dardanus through his wife Electra.

Naiad
In Greek mythology, the naiads (/ˈnaɪædz, ˈneɪædz, -ədz/; Ancient Greek: ναϊάδες, romanized: naïádes), sometimes also hydriads, are a type of female spirit, or nymph, presiding over fountains, wells, springs, streams, brooks and other bodies of fresh water.

They are distinct from river gods, who embodied rivers, and the very ancient spirits that inhabited the still waters of marshes, ponds and lagoon-lakes such as pre-Mycenaean Lerna in the Argolis.
Ye Le Pagoda
Kyauktan Ye Le Pagoda (Burmese: ကျောက်တန်းရေလယ်ဘုရား [tɕaʊʔtáɰ̃ jèlɛ̀ pʰəjá], formally Kyaikhmawwun Yele Pagoda (ကျိုက်မှော်ဝန်းရေလယ်စေတီတော်) is a Buddhist pagoda located in Kyauktan Township, Yangon Region, on a small island in Hmaw Wun Creek, a tributary of Yangon River. The pagoda was built with many Buddha's relics inside.

Two things are noticed, the water level never rises to cover the pagoda, and there will always be enough room for everyone who come to visit the pagoda (meaning, even the pagoda has small room for visitors somehow it is always balanced out between those who is coming & leaving).

It is approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Thanlyin. This unusual temple was built under King Bawgasena in the third century BCE. The temple hosts an impressive collection of paintings, sculptures and other fine demonstrations of Burmese Buddhist artwork and craftsmanship.

Burmese pagoda
Burmese pagodas are stupas that typically house Buddhist relics, including relics associated with Buddha. Pagodas feature prominently in Myanmar's landscape, earning the country the moniker "land of pagodas." Several cities in the country, including Mandalay and Bagan, are known for their abundance of pagodas. Pagodas are the site of seasonal pagoda festivals.

Burmese pagodas are enclosed in a compound known as the aran (အာရာမ်, from Pali ārāma), with gateways called mok (မုခ်, from Pali mukha) at the four cardinal directions. The platform surrounding a Burmese pagoda is called a yinbyin (ရင်ပြင်).

According to 2016 statistics compiled by the State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee, Myanmar is home to 1,479 pagodas exceeding 27 feet (8.2 m) in height, a quarter of which are located in Sagaing Region.
European medieval architecture in North America
Medieval architecture in North America is an anachronism. Some structures in North America can however be classified as medieval, either by age or origin. Most of these were disassembled in Europe and reconstructed in whole or in part in North America. Often these are museums or museum exhibits. In rare cases these structures are seen as evidence of pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact. Although much of this is pseudoscience, these buildings are of interest to American scholars of medieval architecture.

St. Joan of Arc Chapel
St. Joan of Arc Chapel is a Roman Catholic chapel today located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, on the campus of Marquette University, in the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. It was dedicated to Joan of Arc on 26 May 1966, after it had been moved from its previous location on Long Island, New York. It was originally built in the Rhône River Valley in France.