hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nosakh-e jahan-ara
The Nosakh-e jahan-ara (Persian: نسخ جهان‌آرا, romanized: The World-Adorning Texts), also known as the Tarikh-e jahan-ara, is a Persian universal history composed by the Safavid scribe and historian Ahmad Ghaffari Qazvini in 1563/64. It was dedicated to the Safavid shah Tahmasp I (r. 1524–1576).

The Nosakh-e jahan-ara was a prominent book, as indicated by numerous surviving copies. It was reported to have been translated into Ottoman Turkish. The work is structured, drawing inspiration from the Habib al-siyar, and instead of  artistic or poetic details, it prioritizes military events.

Shah
Shāh (/ʃɑː/; Persian: شاه [ˈʃaːɦ] ⓘ) is a royal title meaning 'king' in Persian. Though chiefly associated with the monarchs of Iran, it was also used to refer to the leaders of numerous Persianate societies, such as the Ottoman Empire, the Khanate of Bukhara and the Emirate of Bukhara, the Mughal Empire, the Bengal Sultanate, and various Afghan dynasties, as well as among Gurkhas. With regard to Iranian history, in particular, each ruling monarch was not seen simply as the head of the concurrent dynasty and state, but as the successor to a long line of royalty beginning with the original Persian Empire of Cyrus the Great. To this end, he was more emphatically known as the Shāhanshāh (شاهنشاه, šāhanšāh, 'king of kings' [ˌʃaːhanˈʃaːɦ]), since the Achaemenid dynasty. A roughly equivalent title is Pādishāh (پادشاه, pādišāh, pādšāh, 'master king'), which was most widespread during the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent.
Svenljunga Municipality
Svenljunga Municipality (Swedish: Svenljunga kommun) is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Svenljunga.

The present municipality was created in 1971 when five municipal units (or parts thereof) were amalgamated. The number of original entities (as of 1863) is 14.

Through the municipality the river Ätran flows in a scenic valley. It flows through the town of Svenljunga, where an old bridge crosses it.

This was the hometown of the great-great-great grandfather of Emma Stone, American actress. In the 18th-century, the village of Mårdaklev in 
Svenljunga Municipality was the home of a trio of sibling textile artists: Sven Erlandsson, Katarina Erlandsdotter and Lisa Erlandsdotter.

Västra Götaland County
Västra Götaland County  (Swedish: Västra Götalands län) is a county or län on the western coast of Sweden.

The county is the second most populous of Sweden's counties and it comprises 49 municipalities (kommuner). Its population of 1,616,000 amounts to 17% of Sweden's population. The formal capital and seat of the governor of Västra Götaland County is Gothenburg. The political capital and seat of the Västra Götaland Regional Council is Vänersborg.

The county was established on 1 January 1998, when Älvsborg County, Gothenburg and Bohus County and Skaraborg County were merged.
Buddleja scordioides
Buddleja scordioides is endemic to central Arizona, southeastern New Mexico, southwestern Texas, and the Chihuahua Desert of Mexico, growing amidst xeric thorn-scrub on alkaline soils at elevations of 600 – 2,500 m. The species was first named and described by Kunth in 1818.

Chihuahuan Desert
The Chihuahuan Desert (Spanish: Desierto de Chihuahua, Desierto Chihuahuense) is a desert ecoregion designation covering parts of northern Mexico and the southwestern United States. It occupies much of far West Texas, the middle to lower Rio Grande Valley and the lower Pecos Valley in New Mexico, and a portion of southeastern Arizona, as well as the central and northern portions of the Mexican Plateau. It is bordered on the west by the Sonoran Desert, the Colorado Plateau, and the extensive Sierra Madre Occidental range, along with northwestern lowlands of the Sierra Madre Oriental range. Its largest, continual expanse is located in Mexico, covering a large portion of the state of Chihuahua, along with portions of Coahuila, north-eastern Durango, the extreme northern part of Zacatecas, and small western portions of Nuevo León. With an area of about 501,896 km2 (193,783 sq mi), it is the largest hot desert in North America. The desert is fairly young, existing for only 8,000 years.
Otto Prausnitz
Otto Carl Willy Prausnitz (October 11, 1876 in Hamburg – April 21, 1963), also known as Carl Prausnitz-Giles,  was a German physician, bacteriologist, and hygienist who developed the Prausnitz–Küstner test with Heinz Küstner.

Bacteriologist
A bacteriologist is a microbiologist, or similarly trained professional, in bacteriology— a subdivision of microbiology that studies bacteria, typically pathogenic ones. Bacteriologists are interested in studying and learning about bacteria, as well as using their skills in clinical settings. This includes investigating properties of bacteria such as morphology, ecology, genetics and biochemistry, phylogenetics, genomics and many other areas related to bacteria like disease diagnostic testing. Alongside human and animal healthcare providers, they may carry out various functions as medical scientists, veterinary scientists, pathologists, or diagnostic technicians in locations like clinics, blood banks, hospitals, laboratories and animal hospitals. Bacteriologists working in public health or biomedical research help develop vaccines for public use as well as public health guidelines for restaurants and businesses.
Daniel Samper Ospina
Daniel Samper Ospina was born in Bogotá, Colombia, in 1974. He is a Colombian comedian and columnist, and previous director of adult magazine SoHo from 2001 to 2014. He also wrote for Revista Semana.

Samper studied literature at Pontifical Xavierian University, later becoming a literature teacher at Gimnasio Moderno School, and a journalism teacher at University of the Andes, in Bogotá.

As a journalist he worked at Cromos, and  Jet Set; as a columnist, he wrote columns for El Tiempo, and from 2008 to 2020, he wrote at Semana, turning it into a controversial, subject for debate in the media. Though a recognized columnist in Colombia, Samper Ospina hardly engages in serious political analysis; rather, he is a satirical commentator whose main objective is to deprecate politicians (mostly of conservative convictions) under the umbrella of satire and black humor.

Gimnasio Moderno
The Gimnasio Moderno is a private mixed gender elite-traditional and liberal, primary and secondary school located in Bogotá, Colombia. It was founded in 1914 by Colombians following the leading initiative of Agustín Nieto Caballero.

The school celebrated its centennial anniversary in 2014.
Folliott Sandford Pierpoint
Folliott Sandford Pierpoint (7 October 1835 – 10 March 1917) was a hymnodist and poet.

Born at Spa Villa, Bath, England, he was educated at Queens' College, Cambridge. Pierpoint was a classics schoolmaster and a devout Tractarian. He taught at Somersetshire College, spending most of his life in Bath and the south-west.

He published "The Chalice of Nature and Other Poems", republished in 1878 as "Songs of Love", "The Chalice of Nature", and "Lyra Jesu". He also contributed hymns to "The Churchman's Companion", "The Lyra Eucharistica", and others.

He is sometimes confused with James Lord Pierpont, another composer

His most famous hymn is For the Beauty of the Earth which he wrote in 1864 at age 29.

Pierpoint died in 1917 at age 82.

James Lord Pierpont
James Lord Pierpont (April 25, 1822 – August 5, 1893) was an American composer, songwriter, arranger, organist, and Confederate States soldier. Pierpont wrote and composed "Jingle Bells" in 1857, originally titled "The One Horse Open Sleigh".

Pierpont was born in Boston, Massachusetts, and died in Winter Haven, Florida. Although Pierpont is obscure today, his composition "Jingle Bells" has become synonymous with the Christmas holiday and is one of the most performed and most recognizable songs in the world.
2024–25 North Dakota State Bison men's basketball team
The 2024–25 North Dakota State Bison men's basketball team represented North Dakota State University during the 2024–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Bison, led by 11th-year head coach David Richman, played their home games at the Scheels Center, as members of the Summit League.

NDSU made the Summit League tournament as the 4 seed. They lost to 5th seeded South Dakota in the quarterfinals to be eliminated from postseason contention.

2025 Summit League men's basketball tournament
The 2025 Summit League men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Summit League for the 2024–25 season. All tournament games were played at the Denny Sanford Premier Center in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, from March 5–9, 2025.

Omaha clinched the Summit League's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament, after both the Mavericks and St. Thomas both won their tournament semifinal games, since St. Thomas is ineligible for NCAA postseason play as a team transitioning from Division III. The matchup between Omaha and St. Thomas in the Summit League championship marked the first ever appearance in a Division I conference tournament championship game for both teams. Omaha defeated St. Thomas in that matchup to secure their first ever Summit League championship.
Spastic quadriplegia
Spastic quadriplegia, also known as spastic tetraplegia, is a subset of spastic cerebral palsy that affects all four limbs (both arms and legs).

Compared to quadriplegia, spastic tetraplegia is defined by spasticity of the limbs as opposed to strict paralysis. It is distinguishable from other forms of cerebral palsy in that those afflicted with the condition display stiff, jerky movements stemming from hypertonia of the muscles.

Spastic quadriplegia, while affecting all four limbs more or less equally, can still present parts of the body as stiffer than others, such as one arm being tighter than another arm, and so forth. Spastic triplegia, meanwhile, involves three limbs (such as one arm and two legs, or one leg and two arms, etc.); spastic diplegia affects two limbs (commonly just the legs), spastic hemiplegia affects one or another entire side of the body (left or right); and spastic monoplegia involves a single limb.

Paralysis
Paralysis (pl.: paralyses; also known as plegia) is a loss of motor function in one or more muscles. Paralysis can also be accompanied by a loss of feeling (sensory loss) in the affected area if there is sensory damage. In the United States, roughly 1 in 50 people have been diagnosed with some form of permanent or transient paralysis. The word "paralysis" derives from the Greek παράλυσις, meaning "disabling of the nerves" from παρά (para) meaning "beside, by" and λύσις (lysis) meaning "making loose". A paralysis accompanied by involuntary tremors is usually called "palsy".
The Fair of Mayfair
The Fair of Mayfair is an 1832 collection of short stories written by the British author Catherine Gore, published in three volumes. It features six novellas which focus on fashionable London High society while siding with middle class critics of the aristocracy. It was part of the genre of Silver fork novels which had gained great popularity during the later Regency era.

Aristocracy
Aristocracy (from Ancient Greek  ἀριστοκρατίᾱ (aristokratíā) 'rule of the best'; from  ἄριστος (áristos) 'best' and  κράτος (krátos) 'power, strength') is a form of government that places power in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class, the aristocrats.

Across Europe, the aristocracy exercised immense economic, political, and social influence. In Western Christian countries, the aristocracy was mostly equal with magnates, also known as the titled or higher nobility, however the members of the more numerous social class, the untitled lower nobility (petty nobility or gentry) were not part of the aristocracy.
Edward Harman
Edward Beversham Harman (September 1802 – 6 January 1866) was an Irish first-class cricketer and physician.

The son of Beversham Harman and Mary Connolly, he was born at Cork in September 1802. He was educated in Edinburgh, before going up to Trinity College, Dublin in 1820 where he studied medicine. He was admitted as a fellow in 1830 to Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Harman became the first graduate of Trinity College to play first-class cricket in 1837, when he played for the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) against Oxford University at Lord's in 1837. Batting twice in the match, he ended the MCC first innings unbeaten on 0, while in their second innings he was dismissed without scoring by Charles William Beauclerk. Harman practiced medicine in England at Bath and Midhurst. He later retired to Norfolk, where he died at Weeling in January 1866.

Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Gonville and Caius College, commonly known as Caius (/kiːz/ KEEZ), is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1348 by Edmund Gonville, it is the fourth-oldest of the University of Cambridge's 31 colleges and one of the wealthiest. In 1557, it was refounded by John Caius, an alumnus and English physician.

The college has been attended by many students who have gone on to significant accomplishment, including fifteen Nobel Prize winners, the second-largest number of any Oxbridge college.

Several streets in the city, including Harvey Road, Glisson Road, and Gresham Road, are named after Gonville and Caius alumni. The college and its masters have been influential in the development of the university, including in the founding of other colleges, including Trinity Hall and Darwin College and providing land on Sidgwick Site on which the Faculty of Law was built.
Michigan Sports Network
The Michigan Wolverines Sports Network is an American radio network consisting of 46 radio stations which carry coverage of Michigan Wolverines football and men's basketball. WCSX (94.7 FM) and  WMGC-FM (105.1 FM), both in Metro Detroit, serve as the network's flagship stations.  The network also includes 44 affiliates in the U.S. states of Michigan and Ohio: 27 AM stations, four of which extend their signals with low-power FM translators; and 17 full-power FM stations (WQQO Toledo generally only broadcasts Michigan content over its HD Radio digital subchannel). Games are also available on SiriusXM satellite radio and online via TuneIn.

WMGC-FM
WMGC-FM (105.1 MHz "105.1 The Bounce") is a commercial radio station in Detroit, Michigan. It is owned and operated by the Beasley Broadcast Group and airs a classic hip hop radio format. WMGC-FM broadcasts with 50,000 watts of effective radiated power (ERP) from a transmitter tower co-located with its studios and offices off Radio Plaza located in Royal Oak Charter Township in Oakland County.
Octavia (play)
Octavia is a Roman tragedy that focuses on three days in the year AD 62 during which Nero divorced and exiled his wife Claudia Octavia and married another (Poppaea Sabina). The play also deals with the irascibility of Nero and his inability to take heed of the philosopher Seneca's advice to rein in his passions.

The play was attributed to Seneca, but modern scholarship generally discredits this, since it contains accurate prophecies of both his and Nero's deaths. While the play closely resembles Seneca's plays in style, it was probably written some time after Seneca's death in the Flavian period by someone influenced by Seneca and aware of the events of his lifetime.

Latin literature
Latin literature includes the essays, histories, poems, plays, and other writings written in the Latin language. The beginning of formal Latin literature dates to 240 BC, when the first stage play in Latin was performed in Rome. Latin literature flourished for the next six centuries. The classical era of Latin literature can be roughly divided into several periods: early Latin literature, the golden age, the imperial period and Late Antiquity.

Latin was the language of the ancient Romans as well as being the lingua franca of Western and Central Europe throughout the Middle Ages. Latin literature features the work of Roman authors, such as Cicero, Virgil, Ovid and Horace, but also includes the work of European writers after the fall of the Empire, from religious writers like Aquinas (1225–1274) to secular writers like Francis Bacon (1561–1626), Baruch Spinoza (1632–1677), and Isaac Newton (1642–1727).
2013–14 Regionalliga
The 2013–14 Regionalliga was the sixth season of the Regionalliga, the second under the new format, as the fourth tier of the German football league system. The champions of Regionalliga Nord – Holstein Kiel – and Regionalliga Nordost – RB Leipzig – as well as Regionalliga Südwest runners-up SV Elversberg were promoted to the 3. Liga. Alemannia Aachen, Babelsberg 03 and Kickers Offenbach were relegated from 3. Liga.

SV Elversberg
SpVgg 07 Elversberg is a German association football club, located in Spiesen-Elversberg, Saarland. The club plays in the 2. Bundesliga from the 2023–24 season following promotion from the 3. Liga in 2022–23.
Fredrik Krogstad
Fredrik Krogstad (born 6 June 1995) is a Norwegian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Danish 1st Division club Hvidovre.

He played youth football for Vestli, Lyn and Lørenskog. In 2013, he made his senior debut for Lørenskog, and signed with Lillestrøm ahead of the 2015 season. He made his first-team debut in April 2015 against Start.

He spent the first half of the 2016 season on loan in Ullensaker/Kisa.

After leaving Stabæk at the end of 2023, Krogstad remained a free agent until 2 April 2024, when he joined Polish Ekstraklasa club Korona Kielce on a three-month contract. He made his debut ten days later in a 1–0 away loss against Warta Poznań.

In September 2024, Krogstad joined Danish 1st Division club Hvidovre.

Stabæk Fotball
Stabæk Fotball is a Norwegian professional football club based in Bærum, a suburb of Oslo. It is part of the multi-sport organization Stabæk IF. Founded in 1912, the club's name is an archaic spelling of the suburban area Stabekk, from which it once originated. The club currently competes in the Norwegian first division, the second tier of Football in Norway. Their home stadium is the Nadderud Stadion after a three-year-long stay at the Telenor Arena. Their current chairman is Espen Moe. Jörgen Wålemark is the current head coach of the club since taking over in December 2024.
Fort Noble Mountain
Fort Noble Mountain is a 2,310-foot-tall (700 m) mountain in the Adirondack Mountains of New York. It is located east-northeast of Nobleboro, on the line between the town of Ohio in Herkimer County and town of Morehouse in Hamilton County. In July 1910, a 30-foot-tall (9.1 m) wood fire lookout tower was built on the mountain. In 1916, it was replaced with a 50-foot-tall (15 m) steel tower. The tower ceased fire lookout operations in 1978, and was later removed.

Hamilton County, New York
Hamilton County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,107, making it the least populous county in New York and its only county with fewer than 10,000 residents. With a land area nearly the size of Delaware, it is the least densely populated county east of the Mississippi River. Its county seat is Lake Pleasant.  The county was created in 1816 and organized in 1847. The county is part of the North Country region of the state.

Hamilton County is one of only two counties that lie entirely within the Adirondack Park (Essex being the other). There are no permanent traffic lights in the county, and much of the county has no cell phone service.
Oecomys speciosus
Oecomys speciosus, also known as the savannah oecomys, arboreal rice rat, or Venezuelan arboreal rice rat, is a species of rodent in the genus Oecomys of family Cricetidae. It ranges over northeastern Colombia and much of Venezuela, including the island of Trinidad. This rodent lives in tropical rainforest and tropical dry forest, including secondary forest and gallery forest, as well as in savanna habitat.

Gallery forest
A gallery forest is one formed as a corridor along rivers or wetlands, projecting into landscapes that are otherwise only sparsely treed such as savannas, grasslands, or deserts. The gallery forest maintains a more temperate microclimate above the river. Defined as long and narrow forest vegetation associated with rivers, gallery forests are structurally and floristically heterogeneous.

The habitats of these forests differ from the surrounding landscapes because they are, for example, more nutrient-rich or moister and/or there is less chance of fires. The forests are sometimes only a few meters wide, because they depend on the water they lie along.
B99, Bx99, and M99 buses
The B99, Bx99, and M99 bus routes formed a temporary night bus service in the New York City boroughs of Manhattan, Brooklyn, and the Bronx. The three bus routes were created to replace overnight subway service during the height of COVID-19 pandemic, while the subway system was closed to the public between 1:00 AM and 5:00 AM. All three routes overlapped in Manhattan allowing customers to easily transfer between services.

The M99 and B99 were created on June 28, 2020; the Bx99 was created on August 5, 2020. All routes stopped running on June 10, 2021, after overnight subway service was restored.

Night service (public transport)
Night service, sometimes also known as owl service, is a mode of public transport service operated during the night hours. As an intermediate approach – between providing full service around the clock and stopping services altogether – it provides more limited service during times of lower passenger volume, saving resources and allowing for maintenance on primary transportation systems. They typically offer fewer routes and less frequent service. Night-based services may be differently branded compared to daytime services. Examples are London and Chicago, where overnight buses are prefixed with an "N" for "night". Another common way to distinguish night services from their daytime counterparts is dark-colored line numbers. Some cities apply a different fare structure for night services from their daytime services.
Ingrid Torrance
Ingrid Torrance (born 1969 in British Columbia) is a Canadian actor best known for her role as a spokesperson on NBCi.com.

She is a Canadian actor, acting instructor and author. She has been a television and movie actor since 1994, an acting teacher since 1995, and a coach since 1998. Ingrid is a voting member of the American Academy of Motion Pictures.  In 1998, she was nominated as Best Actress for a Leo Award and in March, 2001, she was featured in Entertainment Weekly as a "Breakout" Actress.

Leo Awards
The Leo Awards are the awards program for the British Columbia film and television industry. Held each May or June in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, the Leo Awards were founded by the Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Foundation of British Columbia in 1999. Awards categories include but are not exclusive to live action, animated, adult dramatic, children's, documentary film, documentary television, feature films, short films.
Nick Piombino
Nick Piombino (born October 5, 1942) is an American poet, essayist, artist and psychotherapist. He has been associated with poets from both the New York School of the 1960s and the Language Poets of the 1970s, though his work is not easily classified.

New York School (art)
The New York School was an informal group of American poets, painters, dancers, and musicians active in the 1950s and 1960s in New York City. They often drew inspiration from surrealism and the contemporary avant-garde art movements, in particular action painting, abstract expressionism, jazz, improvisational theater, experimental music, and the interaction of friends in the New York City art world's vanguard circle.