hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier. Established in 1961, it covers research in optics and spectroscopy, including light scattering, radiative heat transfer and computational methods. Its founding editor-in-chief is Stanford S. Penner; Peter Bernath (Old Dominion University), Mathieu Francoeur (University of Utah) and Miroslav Kocifaj (Slovak Academy of Sciences) serve as the current editors-in-chief.

Slovak Academy of Sciences
The Slovak Academy of Sciences (Slovak: Slovenská akadémia vied, or SAV) is the main scientific and research institution in Slovakia fostering basic and strategic basic research. It was founded in 1942, closed after World War II, and then reestablished in 1953.

Its primary mission is to acquire new knowledge of nature, society and technology, specifically targeted at ensuring scientific basis for the advancement in Slovakia. It comprises 58 scientific institutes and 13 ancillary institutions. The SAV edits 44 scientific and scholarly journals and 100–120 monographs per annum. Moreover, 41 scientific and scholarly societies, which associate scientists and scholars from various disciplines, are affiliated with SAV.
Shang Zhen
Shang Zhen (Chinese: 商震; Wade–Giles: Shang Chen; 21 September 1888 – 15 May 1978) was a general of the National Revolutionary Army during the Warlord Era, Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II.  He was an early 20th century field general who won his share of wars and successful retreats.  He then represented China's military in Washington and other international settings during World War II and post war Japan.

Postwar Japan
Postwar Japan is the period in Japanese history beginning with the surrender of Japan to the Allies of World War II on 2 September 1945, and lasting at least until the end of the Shōwa era in 1989.

Despite the massive devastation it suffered in the Second World War, Japan established itself as a global economic power at peace with the world after the Allied-occupation ended on 28 April 1952 by the Treaty of San Francisco. In terms of political power it was more reluctant, especially in the nonuse of military force. The post-war constitution of 1947 included Article 9, which restricted Japan from having a military force and engaging in war. However, it has operated military forces in the stationing of the United States Forces Japan based on the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty after the Allied occupation and the form of the Japanese Self-Defense Forces since 1954.
Ephraim Curzon
Ephraim Curzon (first ¼ 1883 – 1966) was an English soldier, and rugby union and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1900s and 1910s. He played representative level rugby union (RU) for British Army Rugby Union, and at club level for Carlisle RFC, Lismore RFC (in Edinburgh), and Kirkcaldy RFC (in Fife), and representative level rugby league (RL) for Great Britain and Lancashire, and at club level for Salford, as a forward.

Carlisle RFC
Carlisle Rugby Club is an English rugby union club based in Carlisle, Cumbria. The first XV team currently plays in Counties 1 Cumbria. As well as a 1st XV, the club also operates men's 2nd XV (Crusaders), an occasional 3rd XV (Hornets) side, a Colts (under-18), a women's side (Cougars), and a number of junior sides for boys and girls aged 6 to 16.
Hesquiat Peninsula Provincial Park
Hesquiat Peninsula Provincial Park is a provincial park at the western extremity of the Clayoquot Sound region of the West Coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. The park was established by order-in-council on July 12, 1995 as part of the Clayoquot Land-Use Decision.

Hesquiaht
The Hesquiaht are one of the Nuu-chah-nulth peoples of the West Coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.  Today the Hesquiaht are governed mostly by the Hesquiaht First Nation band government, though some are in the Tla-O-Qui-Aht First Nations, which also includes the Clayoquot and some of the Ahousaht.
1N400x rectifier diodes
The 1N400x (or 1N4001 or 1N4000) series is a family of popular one-ampere general-purpose silicon rectifier diodes commonly used in AC adapters for common household appliances.  Its blocking voltage varies from 50 volts (1N4001) to 1000 volts (1N4007).  This JEDEC device number series is available in the DO-41 axial package.  Diodes with similar ratings are available in SMA and MELF surface mount packages (in other part number series).

The 1N540x (or 1N5400) series is a similarly popular family of diodes rated 3 Amperes, which has a larger DO-201AD axial package to dissipate heat better.

Metal electrode leadless face
Metal electrode leadless face (MELF) is a type of leadless cylindrical electronic surface mount device package with metal end terminals. Diodes and resistors are the most common MELF devices.

The EN 140401-803 and JEDEC DO-213 standards describe multiple MELF components.
2026 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona
The 2026 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona will be held on November 3, 2026, to elect the nine U.S. representatives from the State of Arizona, one from all nine of the state's congressional districts. The elections will coincide with other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. The primary elections will take place on July 21, 2026.

Arizona's congressional districts
Arizona is divided into nine congressional districts, each represented by a member of the United States House of Representatives. Since the 2008 elections, Democrats and Republicans have alternated holding a majority of seats in the delegation in six of the last eight elections.
Twardosławice
Twardosławice [tfardɔswaˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grabica, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Grabica, 4 km (2 mi) north-west of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 43 km (27 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Piotrków Trybunalski
Piotrków Trybunalski ([ˈpʲɔtrkuf trɨbuˈnalskʲi] ⓘ; also known by alternative names), often simplified to Piotrków, is a city in central Poland with 71,252 inhabitants (2021). It is the capital of Piotrków County and the second-largest city in the Łódź Voivodeship.

Founded in the late Middle Ages, Piotrków was once a royal city and holds an important place in Polish history; the first parliament sitting was held here in the 15th century. It then became the seat of a Crown Tribunal, the highest court of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The city also hosted one of Poland's oldest Jewish communities, which was entirely destroyed by the Holocaust. The old town in Piotrków features many historical and architectural monuments, including tenements, churches, synagogues and the medieval Royal Castle.
Lila Devi
Lila Devi (21 March 1919 – c. December 1972) was an Indian politician. She was a Member of Parliament, representing Himachal Pradesh in the Rajya Sabha the upper house of India's Parliament as a member of the Indian National Congress.

Devi's death was announced on 8 December 1972, at the age of 53.

Upper house
An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house. The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller and often has more restricted power than the lower house. A legislature composed of only one house (and which therefore has neither an upper house nor a lower house) is described as unicameral.
Ronen Ginzburg
Ronen "Neno" Ginzburg (Hebrew: רונן "ננו" גינזבורג; born 19 September 1963) is an Israeli-Czech professional basketball coach for Anwil Włocławek of the Polish Basketball League (PLK).

Ginzburg was head coach of the Czech Republic national team from November 2013 until July 2023. He coached them at the EuroBasket in 2015, 2017, and 2022, as well as the 2019 FIBA World Cup, and 2020 Summer Olympics.

In October 2020, he was granted Czech citizenship.

EuroBasket
EuroBasket, also commonly called the European Basketball Championship, is the main international basketball competition for the senior men's national teams of primarily European countries. It is held every four years and organised by FIBA Europe, the European zone of FIBA, the International Basketball Federation.

The competition was first held in 1935. The former Soviet Union holds the record for most gold medals with 14. The tournament is generally held in August or September, in the offseason of major club competitions. The current champion is Germany, who won the 2025 title.
Hamilton Ecological District
Hamilton Ecological District is part of the Waikato Ecological Region in New Zealand's North Island. It occupies the Hamilton basin and surrounding foothills, and has been heavily modified with less than two percent of its indigenous vegetation remaining. This location has been studied significantly including the process of restoration ecology.

C. Michael Hogan has classified the undisturbed portions of the woodland area as a beech and podocarp forest with associate understory ferns being Icarus filiformis, Asplenium flaccidum, Doodia media, Hymenophyllum demissum, Zealandia pustulata and Dendroconche scandens, and some prominent associate shrubs being Olearia ranii and Alseuosmia quercifolia.

Icarus filiformis
Icarus is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, with a single species Icarus filiformis, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). The genus is accepted in a 2016 classification of the family Blechnaceae, but other sources sink it into a very broadly defined Blechnum, equivalent to the whole of the PPG I subfamily.

Icarus filiformis, synonym Blechnum filiforme, is known as thread fern or pānoko in Māori. It is endemic to New Zealand. It has a creeping and climbing habit. It has three different types of fronds: long climbing fronds with long pointed leaves, shorter creeping fronds with nearly round leaves, and fertile fronds with threadlike leaves that give the species its common name.
Ivane Beritashvili
Ivane Beritashvili (Georgian: ივანე ბერიტაშვილი; 10 January 1885 – 29 December 1974), was one of the great Georgian physiologists, one of the founders of the modern biobehavioral science.
He was a founder and director of a school of physiology in Georgia; academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1939), founding member of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR (1944) and of the Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR (1941). In 1964 Beritashvili received Hero of Socialist Labor award. For more than a half-century of his activity, Beritashvili was considered a leader among neurophysiologists of Central and Eastern European countries and the former Soviet Union. In the study of higher brain functions he tried to bridge the gap between physiology and psychology and did much to bring them closer together. In 1958–1960 together with Herbert Jasper and Henri Gastaut, he was one of the founders of the International Brain Research Organization (IBRO).

Herbert Jasper
Herbert Henri Jasper OC GOQ FRSC (July 27, 1906 –  March 11, 1999) was a Canadian psychologist, physiologist, neurologist, and epileptologist.

Born in La Grande, Oregon, he attended Reed College in Portland, Oregon and received his PhD in psychology from the University of Iowa in 1931 and earned a Doctor of Science degree from the University of Paris for research in neurobiology.

From 1946 to 1964 he was professor of experimental neurology at the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University and then from 1965 to 1976 he was professor of neurophysiology, Université de Montréal. He did his most important research with Wilder Penfield at McGill University. He was a member of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He was also a member of the Canadian Neurological Society and the Royal Society of Medicine. He wrote more than 350 scientific publications.
Sextus Julius Major
Sextus Julius Major was a Roman senator active during the first half of the second century, and who held several positions in the service of the emperor. Major was suffect consul around 126. Major's origins were with the "high aristocracy" of Asia Minor. Ronald Syme notes his ancestors included Polemon I the king of Pontus and Antonia Pythodoris.

Kingdom of Pontus
Pontus (Ancient Greek: Πόντος Pontos) was a Hellenistic kingdom centered in the historical region of Pontus in modern-day Turkey, and ruled by the Mithridatic dynasty of Persian origin, which may have been directly related to Darius the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty. The kingdom was proclaimed by Mithridates I in 281 BC and lasted until its conquest by the Roman Republic in 63 BC. The Kingdom of Pontus reached its greatest extent under Mithridates VI the Great, who conquered Colchis, Cappadocia, Bithynia, the Greek colonies of the Tauric Chersonesos, and for a brief time the Roman province of Asia. After a long struggle with Rome in the Mithridatic Wars, Pontus was defeated.

The kingdom had three cultural strands, which often fused together: Greek (mostly on the coast), Persian, and Anatolian, with Greek becoming the official language in the 3rd century BC.
Sphinx (gene)
In molecular biology, Sphinx (spx) is a long non-coding RNA found in Drosophila. It is expressed in the brain, within the antennal lobe and inner antennocerebral tract. It is involved in the regulation of male courtship behaviour, this may be via olfactory neuron mediated regulation. Sphinx may act as a negative regulator of target genes. It is a chimeric gene, originating from a retroposed sequence of the ATP synthase chain F gene from chromosome 2 to chromosome 4. Nearby sequences were recruited to form an intron and an exon of this chimeric gene.

Antennal lobe
The antennal lobe is the primary (first order) olfactory brain area in insects. The antennal lobe is a sphere-shaped deutocerebral neuropil in the brain that receives input from the olfactory sensory neurons in the antennae and mouthparts. Functionally, it shares some similarities with the olfactory bulb in vertebrates. The anatomy and physiology function of the insect brain can be studied by dissecting open the insect brain and imaging or carrying out in vivo electrophysiological recordings from it.
Asia Avia Airlines
Asia Avia Airlines (Asia Avia Megatama P.T.) was an airline based in Jakarta, Indonesia. It operated scheduled domestic passenger services from Malacca to Pekan Baru and Jambi, using a fleet of two Fokker F27 Friendship aircraft. Its main base was Polonia International Airport, Medan.

Jambi
Jambi is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the east coast of central Sumatra and stretches to the Barisan Mountains in the west. Its capital and largest city is also called Jambi. It is bordered by the provinces of Riau to the north, West Sumatra to the west, Bengkulu to the southwest, South Sumatra to the south, and shares a maritime border with the Riau Islands to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the east. The province has a land area of 49,026.58 km2, and a sea area of 3,274.95 km2. Its area is comparable to the European country of Slovakia or Smolensk Oblast. It had a population of 3,092,265 according to the 2010 census and 3,548,228 according to the 2020 census; the official estimate of population as of mid-2024 was 3,745,746 (comprising 1,893,490 males and 1,830,790 females).
Orofacial pain
Orofacial pain (OFP) is a general term covering any pain which is felt in the mouth, jaws and the face. Orofacial pain is a common symptom, and there are many causes.

Orofacial pain is the specialty of dentistry that encompasses the diagnosis, management and treatment of pain disorders of the jaw, mouth, face and associated regions. These disorders as they relate to orofacial pain include but are not limited to temporomandibular muscle and joint (TMJ) disorders, jaw movement disorders, neuropathic and neurovascular pain disorders, headache, and sleep disorders.

Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms are diagnostic indications of an illness, injury, or condition. While signs are objective and externally observable, symptoms are a person's reported subjective experiences.

A sign, for example, can be an elevated or lower than normal temperature or blood pressure; or an abnormal finding showing on medical imaging. A symptom is something out of the ordinary that is experienced by an individual such as feeling feverish, a headache or other pains in the body. Symptoms can be a result of the immune system's response to an infection, the physical manifestation of an abnormal body condition, or the effect of a consumed substance. Symptoms, though often indicative of a disease process, are not always diagnostically relevant, and can be idiopathic in nature.
Viña Vik
Viña Vik is a winery, luxury hotel, and vineyard, located in the Millahue Valley, O'Higgins Region, in Chile. It was founded in 2006 by the Norwegian Alexander Vik and his wife Carrie Vik, after the acquisition of 4,300 hectares in the Cachapoal Valley. The winery produces five grape varieties: Carmenère, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc and Syrah, which it markets through its brands Vik, Milla Cala, La Piu Belle and La Piu Belle Rosé. Also, installations include the Pavilion restaurant. The vineyard is a combination of design, art, landscape and gastronomy.

Winery
A winery is a building or property that produces wine, or a business involved in the cultivation and production of wine, such as a wine company. Some wine companies own many wineries. Besides wine making equipment, larger wineries may also feature warehouses, bottling lines, laboratories, and large expanses of tanks known as tank farms. Wineries may have existed as long as 8,000 years ago.
Macchiascandona
Macchiascandona (also known as Le Palazzine) is a hamlet in the municipality of Castiglione della Pescaia, province of Grosseto, in Tuscany, central Italy.

The hamlet is located near the eastern edge of the municipality, at the foot of Poggio Ballone and along the Bruna River, which also marks the border with Grosseto. Significant hydraulic reclamation projects between the 19th and 20th centuries have shaped the area's landscape. Macchiascandona is bordered to the east by the drainage canal, which runs parallel to the river's right embankment, while the Sovata stream joins the Bruna just north of the village. The area is known for producing olive oil and sunflowers, as well as for breeding Maremma cattle and horses.

National Research Council (Italy)
The National Research Council (Italian: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR) is the largest research council in Italy. As a public organisation, its remit is to support scientific and technological research. Its headquarters are in Rome.
1924 Vermont Green and Gold football team
The 1924 Vermont Green and Gold football team was an American football team that represented  the University of Vermont as an independent during the 1924 college football season. In their fourth year under head coach Tom Keady, the team compiled a 2–7 record.

1924 college football season
The 1924 college football season was the year of the Four Horsemen as the Notre Dame team, coached by Knute Rockne, won all of its games, including the Rose Bowl, to be acclaimed as the best team in the nation.  Notre Dame and Stanford were both unbeaten at season's end, with the Fighting Irish winning the Rose Bowl contest 27–10. The Penn Quakers were retroactively awarded a national championship by Parke H. Davis.

Red Grange's Illinois team upset Michigan. The Illini were upset by Minnesota, which in turn was upset by Vanderbilt. Fred Russell's Fifty Years of Vanderbilt Football dubs 1924 "the most eventful season in the history of Vanderbilt football." Centre claimed a southern title in its last season of national relevance, upsetting Wallace Wade's first SoCon champion Alabama team. Alabama did not lose another game until 1927.
When I Grow Up (film)
When I Grow Up is a 1951 American drama film written and directed by Michael Kanin and starring Bobby Driscoll, Robert Preston, Martha Scott and Charley Grapewin. The film was produced by Sam Spiegel through his Horizon Pictures and distributed by United Artists.

Charley Grapewin
Charles Ellsworth Grapewin (December 20, 1869 – February 2, 1956) was an American vaudeville and circus performer, writer, and stage and film actor.

As a character actor, he worked in over one-hundred motion pictures during the silent and sound eras, mostly as a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract player during the 1930s and is best known to modern audiences for portraying Uncle Henry in MGM's film adaptation of The Wizard of Oz (1939), "Grandpa" William James Joad in The Grapes of Wrath (1940), Jeeter Lester in Tobacco Road (1941), Uncle Salters in Captains Courageous  (1937), Gramp Maple in The Petrified Forest (1936), Wang's Father in The Good Earth (1937), and California Joe in They Died With Their Boots On (1941).
The Battle of Kerzhenets
The Battle of Kerzhenets (Russian: Сеча при Керженце; tr.: Secha pri Kerzhentse) is a 1971 Soviet animated film directed by Ivan Ivanov-Vano and Yuri Norstein. The film is set to music by Rimsky-Korsakov and uses Russian frescoes and paintings from the 14th–16th centuries. These are animated using 2-dimensional stop motion animation.

Kerzhenets
The Kerzhenets (Russian: Керженец) is a river in the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Volga, joining it near Lyskovo, about 70 km east of Nizhny Novgorod. It is 290 kilometres (180 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 6,140 square kilometres (2,370 sq mi).
Maya Green
Maya Green is the Chief Medical Officer at Chicago’s Howard Brown Health and the founder of HIV Real Talk which is a community based HIV screening and prevention program. Green was an educator, in both private and public schools, before getting her medical training. She also serves on the AMA-LGBT Medical Advisory Committee.

When COVID-19 became a major issue in the black and brown communities of Chicago, she established the first testing center in South Side, Chicago followed by one on the West Side.

HIV screening in the United States
HIV screening in the United States is the use of tests to determine HIV status of individuals, as a part of general public health strategies to reduce the rate of transmission of HIV/AIDS in the United States and to lead to treatment of HIV positive individuals. As a public health measure, widespread testing is advocated by some.  Programs such as the National HIV Testing Day on June 27 are used to promote it.  The New England Journal of Medicine endorsed widespread testing in 2013.  There are special challenges in reaching teenagers. Numerous areas have offered free and rapid HIV testing to the public, including Atlanta, Georgia on World AIDS Day, December 1.
Kōzan-ji (Shimonoseki)
The Kinzan Kōzan-ji (金山功山寺) is a temple of the Sōtō school of Zen faction in Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. It was first established as a temple of the Rinzai school by Kyoan Genjaku in 1327 of the late Kamakura era.

Kōzan-ji's Butsuden, completed in 1320, is a National Treasure of Japan. This architecture in Zenshūyō (禅宗様) (aka Zen'yō) style (Zen style), combining Japanese and Chinese Buddhist design features. It is the oldest building designed in the Zenshūyō style that exists in Japan.

The Chūgoku 33 Kannon Pilgrimage No.19.

Yamaguchi Prefecture
Yamaguchi Prefecture (山口県, Yamaguchi-ken) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu. Yamaguchi Prefecture has a population of 1,377,631 (1 February 2018) and has a geographic area of 6,112 km2 (2,359 sq mi). Yamaguchi Prefecture borders Shimane Prefecture to the north and Hiroshima Prefecture to the northeast.

Yamaguchi is the capital and Shimonoseki is the largest city of Yamaguchi Prefecture, with other major cities including Ube, Shūnan, and Iwakuni. Yamaguchi Prefecture is located at the western tip of Honshu with coastlines on the Sea of Japan and Seto Inland Sea, and separated from the island of Kyushu by the Kanmon Straits.