hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Romanian phonology
The Romanian language has a phoneme inventory of seven vowels, two or four semivowels (disputed), and twenty consonants. Other phonemes are found in interjections or recent borrowings.

Romanian includes the two unusual diphthongs /e̯a/ and /o̯a/ and the central vowel /ɨ/.

Vowel
A vowel (/ˈvaʊ.əl/) is a speech sound pronounced without any stricture in the vocal tract. Vowels are one of the two principal classes of speech sounds, the other being the consonant. Vowels vary in quality, loudness, and length. They are usually voiced and are closely involved in prosodic variation such as tone, intonation and stress. The nucleus, or "center", of a syllable typically consists of a vowel sound (though this is not always the case).

The word vowel comes from the Latin word vocalis, meaning "vocal" (i.e. relating to the voice). 
In English, the word vowel is commonly used to refer both to vowel sounds and to the written symbols that represent them: ⟨a⟩, ⟨e⟩, ⟨i⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩, and sometimes ⟨y⟩, and ⟨w⟩.
The Shirley Abicair Show
The Shirley Abicair Show is an Australian television variety series which aired in 1958.

The series was produced with the intention of running for nine episodes. Two of the episodes were produced and aired live in Melbourne by station GTV-9, the other seven were produced in Sydney by station ATN-7. In Melbourne it occupied the time-slot previously held by The Astor Show.

Apart from Abicair, other performers who made appearances during the run of the series included singer Jimmy Parkinson, singer Bill McCormack, singer Toni Lamond, singer Ted Hamilton, harmonica group The Three Winds, vocal group The Moontones, violinist Maurice Stead, Arthur Duncan, singer Bill French, The Tunetwisters, Graeme Bell and Bill Newman

ATN
ATN is the Sydney flagship television station of the Seven Network in Australia. The licence, issued to a company named Amalgamated Television Services, a subsidiary of John Fairfax & Sons, was one of the first four licences (two in Sydney, two in Melbourne) to be issued for commercial television stations in Australia. The station formed an affiliation with GTV-9 Melbourne in 1957, in order to share content. In 1963, Frank Packer ended up owning both GTV-9 and TCN-9, so as a result the stations switched their previous affiliations. ATN-7 and HSV-7 joined to create the Australian Television Network, which later became the Seven Network. ATN-7 is the home of the national-level Seven News bulletins.
Tindine
Tindine is a small town and rural commune in Taroudant Province of the Souss-Massa-Drâa region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 3,612 people living in 767 households.

Taroudant Province
Taroudant (Arabic: تارودانت) is a province in the Moroccan region of Souss-Massa. Its population in 2024 is 857,673.

The major cities and towns are:

Ait Iaaza

Aoulouz

El Guerdane

Irherm

Oulad Berhil

Oulad Teima

Taliouine

Taroudant
French ship Jules Verne (A620)
Jules Verne was a repair ship of the French Navy, named in honour of science-fiction writer Jules Verne.

Originally named Achéron and intended as an ammunition transport ship, she was converted to repair ship after her keel had been laid.

Jules Verne was long based in Djibouti (she was featured on the 10 000-Djiboutian francs banknote). In 1997, she was assigned to the Force d'Action Navale.

She was designed to replenish, refuel and repair the ships of an operational force at sea. She was fitted with a complete 240-m2 hospital including an operating theatre, a recompression chamber and 16 beds.

In May 2016 Jules Verne arrived at Ghent, Belgium for recycling by Galloo Group.

Operating theater
An operating theater (or operation theater, OT; also known as an operating room or OR, as well as an operating suite or operation suite) is a facility within a hospital where surgical operations are carried out in an aseptic environment.

Historically, the term operating theater referred to a non-sterile, tiered theater or amphitheater in which students and other spectators could watch surgeons perform surgery. Contemporary operating rooms are usually devoid of a theater setting, making the term operating theater a misnomer in those cases.
James C. Allen (engraver)
James Charles Allen (3 November 1790 – 1833) was an English line-engraver from London.

He was the son of William Allen, a Smithfield salesman, and his wife, Elizabeth.

Allen was taught by William Bernard Cooke, and in conjunction with whom he engraved and published in 1821 Views of the Colosseum, from drawings by Major-General Cockburn, and in 1825 Views in the South of France, chiefly on the Rhone, from drawings by Peter De Wint, after original sketches by John Hughes. He likewise engraved a spirited plate of the Defeat of the Spanish Armada, after P. J. de Loutherbourg, for the Gallery of Greenwich Hospital; St. Mawes, Cornwall, after Turner, for Cooke's Picturesque Views on the Southern Coast of England; Portsmouth from Spithead, after Stanfield; and The Temple of Isis, after Cockburn. He excelled especially in etching, and was much employed on illustrations for books.

His work remains in the British Museum.

Peter De Wint
Peter De Wint (21 January 1784 – 30 January 1849) was a prolific English painter, mostly in landscape painting in oils and watercolour. A number of his pictures are in Tate Britain, the Victoria and Albert Museum and The Collection, Lincoln. He died in London.
Noshi
Noshi (熨斗) are a kind of ceremonial origami, folded distinctly from "origami-tsuki". They serve as gifts that express "good wishes". Noshi consists of white paper folded with a strip of dried abalone or meat, considered a token of good fortune and longevity.

Abalone
Abalone (/ˈæbəloʊni/ ⓘ or /ˌæbəˈloʊni/; via Spanish abulón, from  Rumsen aulón), in singular "an abalone", are sea snails in the genus Haliotis, the only genus in the family Haliotidae. Abalone shells are distinctive for their flattened, ear-like shape, nacreous interior, and row of holes used for respiration. The flesh of abalone is widely considered to be a delicacy, and is consumed raw or cooked by a variety of cuisines. Abalone are globally distributed, with approximately 70 known species alive today. Though some species are small, the largest abalone can attain a length of 12 inches (300 mm).
Oriental hobby
The Oriental hobby (Falco severus) is a species of falcon typically 27–30 cm long. It can be found locally in the Indo-Gangetic Plain in the north of the Indian subcontinent, across the eastern Himalayas, east across southern China and the Philippines, and southwards through Indochina to New Guinea and the Solomon Islands; its distribution is patchy, being absent from Borneo, Sumatra, and the Malay Peninsula, despite occurring both north and south of there. It has been recorded as a vagrant from Malaysia and southern India.

Indo-Gangetic Plain
The Indo-Gangetic Plain, also known as the North Indian Plain or the Indus-Gangetic Plain, is a fertile plain spanning 700,000 km2 (270,000 sq mi) across the northern and north-eastern part of the Indian subcontinent. It encompasses northern and eastern India, eastern Pakistan, southern Nepal, and almost all of Bangladesh. It is named after the two major river systems that drain the region–Indus and Ganges.

It stretches from the Himalayas in the north to the northern edge of the Deccan Plateau in the south, and extends from North East India in the east to the Iranian border in the west. The region is home to many major cities and nearly one-seventh of the world's population. As the region was formed by the deposits of the three major rivers–Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra, the plains consist of the world's largest expanse of uninterrupted alluvium. Due to its rich water resources, it is one of the world's most densely populated and intensely farmed areas.
Barbus strumicae
Barbus strumicae is a disputed species of European cyprinid freshwater fish. It is found in Greece, Macedonia, and Bulgaria, in drainages of the Aegean Sea basin.

But it is often included in B. cyclolepis.

Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae is a family of cyprinoid freshwater fishes commonly referred to as the carp family, which includes the carps, barbs, and barbels, among others. These cyprinids also share sister taxa with the danionins and minnows under the suborder Cyprinoidei. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest family of vertebrates overall, with roughly 1,780 species split into 166 valid genera.

Cyprinids range from the 12 mm (0.5 in)-long glassfishes, to the 3 m (9.8 ft) giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis). The family name is derived from the Greek word kyprînos (κυπρῖνος 'carp').
2012 Red Deer Curling Classic
The 2012 Red Deer Curling Classic was held from November 2 to 5 at the Red Deer Curling Club in Red Deer, Alberta as part of the 2012–13 World Curling Tour. The event was held in a triple knockout format. The purse for the men's event was CAD$33,000, of which the winner, Brendan Bottcher, received CAD$9,000. The purse for the women's event was CAD$36,000, of which the winner, Chelsea Carey, received CAD$9,500. Bottcher defeated Kevin Koe in the men's final with a score of 6–3, while Carey defeated Kaitlyn Lawes, who was skipping in place of Jennifer Jones, in the women's final with a score of 7–3.

Kevin Koe
Kevin Koe (/ˈkuːiː/ KOO-ee; born January 11, 1975) is a Canadian curler. Koe is a two-time World champion and four-time Canadian champion. He was the skip of the Canadian men's team at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang.

Originally from Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Koe now resides in Calgary, Alberta and curls out of The Glencoe Club. He learned to curl at the age of six in Inuvik, Northwest Territories.
Stride Toward Freedom
Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story (published 1958) is Martin Luther King Jr.'s historic account of the 1955–1956 Montgomery bus boycott. The book describes the conditions of African Americans living in Alabama during the era, and chronicles the events and participants' planning and thoughts about the boycott and its aftermath.

Montgomery bus boycott
The Montgomery bus boycott was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. It was a foundational event in the civil rights movement in the United States. The campaign lasted from December 5, 1955 – the Monday after Rosa Parks, an African-American woman, was arrested for her refusal to surrender her seat to a white person – to December 20, 1956, when the federal ruling Browder v. Gayle, a United States Supreme Court decision that declared the Alabama and Montgomery laws that segregated buses were unconstitutional, took effect.
Samuel ben Solomon of Falaise
Samuel ben Solomon of Falaise was a French rabbi, a tosafist of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. His French name was Sir Morel, by which he is often designated in rabbinical literature. "Kadesh Urchatz", the now ubiquitous poem at the beginning of the traditional Haggadah, is attributed to him.

He was a pupil of Judah Sir Leon of Paris and of Isaac ben Abraham of Sens. In 1240 he took part in the renowned controversy instigated by the baptized Jew Nicholas Donin.

Samuel was the author of the following works:

Tosafot to several Talmudical treatises, among which those to the 'Abodah Zarah were published, together with the text, according to the redaction of his disciple Perez ben Elijah

A commentary, no longer in existence, on the laws concerning Passover composed in verse by Joseph Ṭob 'Elem, quoted by Isaac ben Moses of Vienna (Or Zarua, ii. 114)

Ritual decisions, frequently cited by Meir of Rothenburg, Mordechai ben Hillel, and other rabbinical authorities of that time.

Isaac ben Moses of Vienna
Isaac ben Moses of Vienna, also called Isaac Or Zarua or the Riaz, is considered to be one of the prominent rabbis of the Middle Ages. He was probably born in Bohemia, Prague and lived between 1200 and 1270.  He attained his fame in Vienna and his major work, the halachic guide known as the Or Zarua a compilation of halachic decisions and legal rulings, was very popular among Ashkenazic Jewry.  He was a member of the Ashkenazi Hasidim and studied under many scholars, including Eliezer ben Joel HaLevi, Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg,  Samson of Coucy and Eleazar of Worms. He was among the teachers of Meir of Rothenburg.
Adam's Apple (album)
Adam's Apple is the tenth album by post-bop jazz artist Wayne Shorter. Recorded in 1966 and released in 1967, it included the first recording of his composition "Footprints", later recorded by the Miles Davis Quintet for the album Miles Smiles (1967). Shorter is featured with pianist Herbie Hancock, bassist Reggie Workman and drummer Joe Chambers. The CD release includes the Hancock composition "The Collector" (also known as "Teo's Bag") as a bonus track.

Post-bop
Post-bop is a jazz term with several possible definitions and usages. It has been variously defined as a musical period, a musical genre, a musical style, and a body of music, sometimes in different chronological periods, depending on the writer. Musicologist Barry Kernfeld wrote in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians that post-bop is "a vague term, used either stylistically or chronologically (with divergent results) to describe any continuation or amalgamation of bop, modal jazz, and free jazz; its meaning sometimes extends into swing and earlier styles or into fusion and third stream styles."
Trams in Istanbul (1871-1966)
The former capital of the Ottoman Empire, Istanbul, was once served on both its Asian and European sides by a large network of trams in Istanbul. Its first-generation tram network first operated as a horse tram system starting in 1871, and was eventually converted to electric trams in the early twentieth century. The original tram network finally closed in 1966.

Trams returned in 1990, and a second generation of modern tram service began service in 1992. In this modern era, Istanbul is served by three separate tramway systems. The Asian side has a heritage tramline, whereas the European side has both a heritage tramline and a modern tram system.

Maçka, Istanbul
Maçka is one of the four neighbourhoods (together with Teşvikiye, Osmanbey and Pangaltı) within the Nişantaşı quarter of the Şişli district in Istanbul, Turkey.

One of the five campuses of the Istanbul Technical University, the Maçka Campus, is located in Maçka. The main building of ITU's Maçka Campus was originally built in 1834 (renovated in 1873) as the Maçka Barracks (Maçka Kışlası) of the Ottoman Army.
Goa State Election Commission
Goa State Election Commission is an autonomous and statutory body constituted in Indian state of Goa for ensuring that elections are conducted in free, fair and unbiased way. Constitution of India with provisions as per Article 243K and 243 ZA and Article 324 ensures creation and safeguarding of the powers of State Election Commissions. Goa State Election Commission is responsible for conducting elections for Urban Local Bodies like Municipalities, Municipal Corporations, Panchayats and any other specified by Election Commission of India. Goa State Election Commissioner is appointed by Governor of Goa.

Autonomy
In developmental psychology and moral, political,  bioethical philosophy, autonomy is the capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision. Autonomous organizations or institutions are independent or self-governing. Autonomy can also be defined from a human resources perspective, where it denotes a (relatively high) level of discretion granted to an employee in their work. In such cases, autonomy is known to generally increase job satisfaction. Self-actualized individuals are thought to operate autonomously of external expectations. In a medical context, respect for a patient's personal autonomy is considered one of many fundamental ethical principles in medicine.
Manuel Villegas (golfer)
Manuel Villegas Restrepo (born 3 December 1984) is a Colombian professional golfer who currently plays on the Korn Ferry Tour and PGA Tour Latinoamérica. He is also the brother of PGA Tour player Camilo Villegas.

Colombian Open
The Colombian Open, or Abierto de Colombia, is a golf tournament on the Colombian Tour and PGA Tour Latinoamérica that was first played in 1945. It has also on occasion been an event on the Tour de las Américas.

In 2001, Camilo Villegas won a record fifth consecutive amateur prize, at the same time becoming only the second amateur to take the overall title.
Dana Jeri Maier
Dana Jeri Maier (born September 27, 1982) is an American artist, cartoonist, and author. She is the author of Skip to the Fun Parts: Cartoons and Complaints About the Creative Process.

Maier has been a contributor to The New Yorker Daily Shouts since 2018. Her online cartoon series The Worried Well was syndicated by Andrews McMeel Universal in 2016. Maier cites Richard Thompson, Shel Silverstien and Saul Steinberg as influences.

Maier is also known for her wheatpasting and murals throughout Washington, DC, most notably her mural depicting a bookshelf that is often used for selfies at the Politics and Prose Union Market location.

Richard Thompson (cartoonist)
Richard Church Thompson (October 8, 1957 – July 27, 2016) was an American illustrator and cartoonist best known for his syndicated comic strip Cul de Sac and the illustrated poem "Make the Pie Higher". He was given the Reuben Award for Outstanding Cartoonist of the Year for 2010.
1963–64 Liga Gimel
The 1963–64 Liga Gimel season saw 155 clubs competing in 16 regional divisions for promotion to Liga Bet.

Hapoel Hulata, Hapoel Beit Eliezer, Beitar Beit Lid, Hapoel Shefayim, Beitar Petah Tikva, Beitar Ramat Gan, Beitar Rehovot, ASA Jerusalem, Hapoel Kiryat Malakhi and Hapoel Be'eri won their regional divisions and promoted to Liga Bet.

Promotion play-offs, held in neutral venues, were contested between six other regional division winners and saw Beitar Kiryat Tiv'on, Hapoel Yagur and Hapoel Ashdod win over Hapoel Beit She'an, Al-Amal Acre and Hapoel Dimona

15 clubs did not finish the season due to suspensions and withdrawals, which were: Hapoel Kfar Baruch, Hapoel Neve Eitan, Hapoel Givat Oz, Hapoel Ma'alot, Hapoel Shlomi, Hapoel Matzuva, Hapoel Kadima, Hapoel HaKochav Or Yehuda, Hapoel Zarnuga, Hapoel Mishmar HaSharon, Hapoel Nir Yitzhak, Maccabi Jerusalem, Maccabi Kfar Ata, Beitar Mahane Israel and Beitar Ramat HaSharon.

Beitar Petah Tikva F.C.
Beitar Petah Tikva (Hebrew: בית"ר פתח תקוה) is an Israeli football club based in Petah Tikva. The club currently plays in Liga Bet South A division and play home matches at the Sportek Stadium in Kfar Sirkin.
Supervolcano
A supervolcano is a volcano that has had an eruption with a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 8, the largest recorded value on the index. This means the volume of deposits for such an eruption is greater than 1,000 cubic kilometers (240 cubic miles).

Supervolcanoes occur when magma in the mantle rises into the crust but is unable to break through it. Pressure builds in a large and growing magma pool until the crust is unable to contain the pressure and ruptures. This can occur at hotspots (for example, Yellowstone Caldera) or at subduction zones (for example, Toba).

Large-volume supervolcanic eruptions are also often associated with large igneous provinces, which can cover huge areas with lava and volcanic ash. These can cause long-lasting climate change (such as the triggering of a small ice age) and threaten species with extinction. The Oruanui eruption of New Zealand's Taupō Volcano (about 25,600 years ago) was the world's most recent VEI-8 eruption.

Extinction event
An extinction event (also known as a mass extinction or biotic crisis) is a widespread and rapid decrease in the biodiversity on Earth. Such an event is identified by a sharp fall in the diversity and abundance of multicellular organisms. It occurs when the rate of extinction increases with respect to the background extinction rate and the rate of speciation.

Estimates of the number of major mass extinctions in the last 540 million years range from as few as five to more than twenty. These differences stem from disagreement as to what constitutes a "major" extinction event, and the data chosen to measure past diversity.
The Plaything of Broadway
The Plaything of Broadway is a 1921 American drama film directed by John Francis Dillon and written by E. Lloyd Sheldon. The film stars Justine Johnstone, Crauford Kent, Macey Harlam, Edwards Davis, George Cowl, and Lucy Parker. The film was released in February 1921, by Realart Pictures Corporation.

E. Lloyd Sheldon
E. Lloyd Sheldon (May 27, 1886 – January 24, 1957) was an American screenwriter, film producer, and film editor. He wrote for more than 40 films from 1916 to 1942. He also produced 19 films from 1927 to 1939. He was born in Springfield, Massachusetts, and died in Los Angeles.
Alexander Ingram Fisher
Alexander Ingram Fisher (November 20, 1875 – December 10, 1943) was a lawyer, judge and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Fernie from 1916 to 1920 in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia as a Liberal.

He was born in Waterdown, Ontario (now Hamilton, Ontario), the son of Reverend Simeon Whidden Fisher and Mary Ingram, and was educated in Dundas, at Toronto University and at Osgoode Hall. Fisher was called to the Ontario bar in 1906 and to the British Columbia bar in 1907. In the same year, he married Eva Mary MacKinnon. He ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the assembly in 1909. Fisher was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1920. He was named King's Counsel in 1923. In 1929, Fisher was named to the Supreme Court of British Columbia. He was elevated to the British Columbia Court of Appeal in 1942. Fisher died in hospital in Toronto the following year at the age of 68.

Dundas, Ontario
Dundas (/ˈdʌnˌdæs/) is a community and urban district in the city of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. It is nicknamed Valley Town because of its topographical location at the bottom of the Niagara Escarpment on the western edge of Lake Ontario. The population has been stable for decades at about 20,000, largely because it has not annexed rural land from the protected Dundas Valley Conservation Area.

Notable events are the Buskerfest in early June and the Dundas Cactus Festival in August.
German Furriers' Union
The German Furriers' Union (German: Deutscher Kürschner-Verband) was a trade union representing fur workers in Germany.

Local unions of furriers in Germany were established from 1883, and in 1890, they met in Hamburg to form a national association.  However, due to disputes, this dissolved in 1896.

On 1 January 1902, the local unions of furriers formed a new national union, the "German Furriers' Union".  This affiliated to the General Commission of German Trade Unions, and to the International Federation of Furriers, in which it soon became prominent.  It adopted the international federation's German-language journal, Der Kürschner, as its publication.

The union was a founding constituent of the General German Trade Union Federation in 1919, and by 1921, it had 12,076 members.  By the end of 1923, membership was down to 7,000, half of whom were women.  At the start of 1924, the union merged into the German Clothing Workers' Union.

Fur clothing
Fur clothing is clothing made from the preserved skins of mammals. Fur is one of the oldest forms of clothing and is thought to have been widely used by people for at least 120,000 years. The term 'fur' is often used to refer to a specific item of clothing such as a coat, wrap, or shawl made from the fur of animals.

Humans wear fur garments to protect them from cold climates and wind chill, but documented evidence of fur as a marker of social status exists as far back as 2,000 years ago with ancient Egyptian royalty and high priests wearing the skins of leopards.

Historically in European and Middle Eastern cultures fur garments often had the fur facing inwards with cloth on the exterior of the jacket, but in the 19th century a trend for wearing seal fur coats with the fur facing outwards became the trend. Worldwide, both styles are popular, with fur linings offering more thermal benefits and exterior furs serving more of a fashionable purpose.