hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paul Toboni
Paul Toboni (born February 1990) is an American professional baseball executive who is the President of Baseball Operations for the Washington Nationals of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously served as the Senior Vice President and Assistant General Manager of the Boston Red Sox. Toboni is currently the youngest President of Baseball Operations in Major League Baseball.

2025 Washington Nationals season
The 2025 Washington Nationals season was the Nationals' 21st season as the Major League Baseball franchise in the District of Columbia, the 18th season at Nationals Park, and the 57th since the original team was started in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.  The Nationals were led by Dave Martinez, in his eighth year as manager, for the first half of the season. Martinez and President of Baseball Operations Mike Rizzo were both dismissed on July 6.
Kenya Standard Gauge Railway
The Kenya Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) is a partially finished railway system connecting Kenya's cities. Once completed, it will link the country to the neighboring country of Uganda, and through Uganda, to South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Burundi. There are also plans to link to Addis Ababa, in neighboring Ethiopia to the north. The first segment, between Mombasa and Nairobi, opened passenger rail service in June 2017, and freight rail service in January 2018. Other segments are under construction or planned. The new standard gauge railway is intended to replace the old, inefficient metre-gauge railway system.

Export–Import Bank of China
The Export–Import Bank of China (中国进出口银行; commonly known as China Exim Bank or Exim Bank) is one of China's three major policy banks, operating under the authority of the State Council. Established in 1994, it was created to implement state policies in foreign trade, industrial development, overseas investment, and foreign aid, with a mandate to support the export of Chinese goods and services and the international expansion of Chinese firms.
Northern Luzon languages
The Northern Luzon languages (also  known as the Cordilleran languages) are one of the few established large groups within Philippine languages. These are mostly located in and around the Cordillera Central of northern Luzon in the Philippines. Among its major languages are Ilocano, Pangasinan and Ibanag.

Pangasinan language
Pangasinan (Pangasinense) is an Austronesian language, and one of the eight major languages of the Philippines. It is the primary and predominant language of the entire province of Pangasinan and northern Tarlac, on the northern part of Luzon's central plains geographic region, most of whom belong to the Pangasinan ethnic group. Pangasinan is also spoken in southwestern La Union, as well as in the municipalities of Benguet, Nueva Vizcaya, Nueva Ecija, and Zambales that border Pangasinan. A few Aeta groups and most Sambal in Central Luzon's northern part also understand and even speak Pangasinan as well.
Melius-Bentley House
The Melius-Bentley House is a historic home located in the towns of Ancram, Columbia County and Pine Plains, Dutchess County, New York. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 11, 1982, and preserves several rare architectural features. The house is situated on a 24.8-acre (10.0 ha) parcel of wooded land on Mount Ross Road (County Route 50). The lot is divided by the Dutchess–Columbia County border.

Dutchess County, New York
Dutchess County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 295,911. The county seat is the city of Poughkeepsie. The county was created in 1683, one of New York's first twelve counties, and later organized in 1713. Dutchess County is part of the Kiryas Joel–Poughkeepsie–Newburgh metropolitan area, which belongs to the larger New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area. The county is part of the Hudson Valley region of the state.
Waltz for Debby (1964 album)
Waltz for Debby is a 1964 album in English and Swedish by the Swedish singer Monica Zetterlund and an American jazz trio led by pianist Bill Evans. Evans met Zetterlund on a tour of Sweden and was "bowled over" by her EP recording of "Waltz for Debby" with a Swedish text titled "Monicas vals". Evans's manager, Helen Keane, set up a recording session for them at the end of the Swedish tour.

The album was re-released on CD by West Wind in 1997 and reissued by Verve Records in 2006.

Jazz trio
A jazz trio is a group of three jazz musicians, often a piano trio comprising a pianist, a double bass player and a drummer. Jazz trios are commonly named after their leader, such as the Bill Evans Trio.
Alberto Bressan
Alberto Bressan (born 15 June 1956) is an Italian mathematician at Penn State University. His primary field of research is mathematical analysis including hyperbolic systems of conservation laws, impulsive control of Lagrangian systems, and non-cooperative differential games.

Mathematical analysis
Analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions.

These theories are usually studied in the context of real and complex numbers and functions. Analysis evolved from calculus, which involves the elementary concepts and techniques of analysis.
Analysis may be distinguished from geometry; however, it can be applied to any space of mathematical objects that has a definition of nearness (a topological space) or specific distances between objects  (a metric space).
Anna Tramontano
Anna Tramontano (14 July 1957 – 10 March 2017) was an Italian computational biologist and chair professor of biochemistry at the Sapienza University of Rome. From 2011 to 2014 she was a member of the Scientific Council of the European Research Council (ERC).
She was an associate editor for the journal Bioinformatics from 2005 until 2016 editing papers in the area of structural bioinformatics.

Structural bioinformatics
Structural bioinformatics is the branch of bioinformatics that is related to the analysis and prediction of the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules such as proteins, RNA, and DNA. It deals with generalizations about macromolecular 3D structures such as comparisons of overall folds and local motifs, principles of molecular folding, evolution, binding interactions, and structure/function relationships, working both from experimentally solved structures and from computational models. The term structural has the same meaning as in structural biology, and structural bioinformatics can be seen as a part of computational structural biology. The main objective of structural bioinformatics is the creation of new methods of analysing and manipulating biological macromolecular data in order to solve problems in biology and generate new knowledge.
2008 Abierto Mexicano Telcel – Men's doubles
Potito Starace and Martín Vassallo Argüello were the defending champions. They were both present but did not compete together.
Starace partnered with Nicolás Massú, but lost in the semifinals to Oliver Marach and Michal Mertiňák.
Vassallo Argüello partnered with Albert Montañés, but lost in the first round to Óscar Hernández and Sergio Roitman.

Oliver Marach and Michal Mertiňák won in the final 6–2, 6–7(3–7), [10–7], against Agustín Calleri and Luis Horna.

Sergio Roitman
Sergio Andres Roitman (born 16 May 1979), nicknamed 'Motoneta' (Shotgun in Spanish) is a retired professional tennis player from Argentina.

He achieved a career-high rankings of world No. 62 in singles in October 2007, and world No. 45 in doubles in September 2008.

He won several Challenger and Futures singles titles in his career. In addition, Roitman won two ATP doubles titles – at Amsterdam in 2000, and Umag in 2001.
Silvije Degen
Silvije Degen (born 15 June 1942 in Bjelovar) is a Croatian lawyer and politician from Zagreb.

Silvije Degen, a native of Zagreb, in 1980s became one of the best known lawyers in Yugoslavia. This was due to his impeccable fashion sense and tendency to take high-profile criminal cases, best known being the trial of Andrija Artuković, whom he defended unsuccessfully.

In the early 1990s Degen entered politics, becoming a leader of the Socialist Party of Croatia. As such, he made a minor upset in the 1992 Croatian presidential election, by finishing fifth with 108,979 or 4.07% of the vote.

Bjelovar
Bjelovar (Hungarian: Belovár, German: Bellowar, Czech: Bělovar or Bělovár, Kajkavian: Belovar, Latin: Bellovarium) is a city in central Croatia. In the 2021 census, its population was 36,316. 
It is the administrative centre of Bjelovar-Bilogora County, as well as one of the youngest cities in Croatia, officially founded in 1756.
2022 Liepāja Open
The 2022 Liepāja Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the third edition of the tournament which was part of the 2022 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Liepāja, Latvia between 11 and 17 July 2022.

Liepāja Open
The Liepāja Open is a tournament for professional female tennis players played on outdoor clay courts. The event is classified as a $60,000 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour tournament and has been held in Liepāja, Latvia, since 2020.
Metoq
Metoq (Albanian definite form: Metoqi; Greek: Μετόχι Metochi) is a village in Vlorë County, southwestern Albania. It is part of the municipality of Sarandë. It is located to the east of Sarandë, next to the village of Vrion. The village is primarily inhabited by ethnic Greeks.

The ruins of two ancient Greek temples were found in the vicinity of the village. 
The village stands by the roads that connect Sarandë with the Albanian Riviera, as well as with the national road to Gjirokastër.

Definiteness
In linguistics, definiteness is a semantic feature of noun phrases that distinguishes between referents or senses that are identifiable in a given context (definite noun phrases) and those that are not (indefinite noun phrases). The prototypical definite noun phrase picks out a unique, familiar, specific referent such as the sun or Australia, as opposed to indefinite examples like an idea or some fish.

There is considerable variation in the expression of definiteness across languages, and some languages such as Japanese do not generally mark it, so the same expression can be definite in some contexts and indefinite in others. In other languages, such as English, it is usually marked by the selection of determiner (e.g., the vs. a). Still other languages, such as Danish, mark definiteness morphologically by changing the noun itself (e.g. Danish en mand (a man), manden (the man)).
2023 AFL Women's best and fairest
The 2023 AFL Women's best and fairest award was presented to the player adjudged the best and fairest player during the 2023 AFL Women's season. Richmond's Monique Conti won the award with 23 votes, an AFLW record.

2023 AFL Women's season
The 2023 AFL Women's season was the eighth season of the AFL Women's (AFLW) competition, the highest-level senior women's Australian rules football competition in Australia. The season featured 18 clubs and ran from 1 September to 3 December, comprising a ten-round home-and-away season followed by a four-week finals series featuring the top eight clubs.

Brisbane won the premiership, defeating North Melbourne by 17 points in the 2023 AFL Women's Grand Final. Adelaide won the minor premiership by finishing atop the home-and-away ladder with a 9–1 win–loss record, but was eliminated by North Melbourne in the preliminary finals. Richmond's Monique Conti won the AFL Women's best and fairest award as the league's best and fairest player, and Melbourne teammates Kate Hore and Eden Zanker tied for the AFL Women's leading goalkicker award as the league's leading goalkickers.
Geriş, Nazımiye
Geriş (Kurdish: Gerise) is a village in the Nazımiye District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Arel tribe and had a population of 69 in 2021.

The hamlets of Alaca, Bayındır, Dalik, Dilekli, Dutağacı, Köpüklü, Tanrıverdi and Uşan are attached to the village.

Tunceli Province
Tunceli Province (Turkish: Tunceli ili), formerly Dersim Province (Kurdish: Parêzgeha Dêrsim; Zazaki: Dêsim wilayet; Armenian: Տէրսիմի մարզ), is a province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Its central city is Tunceli. The province has a Kurdish majority. Moreover, it is the only province in Turkey with an Alevi majority. The province has eight municipalities, 366 villages and 1,087 hamlets.
Ninja Van
Ninja Van is a Singaporean logistics company. Founded in 2014, the company engages in last mile logistics and package delivery. Ninja Van has sorting warehouses across Southeast Asia, in Singapore, Myanmar, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam.

It works with e-commerce firms including Alibaba Group's Lazada, GoTo's Tokopedia for Indonesia, and Sea Group's Shopee.
It uses vehicle routing problem algorithms to improve delivery routes.

Sea Ltd
Sea Limited (stylized as: sea) is a tech conglomerate headquartered in Singapore. It is listed on the New York Stock Exchange, with revenue of US$16.8 billion (2024). Sea currently functions as a holding company for Garena, Monee and Shopee, the largest e-commerce platform in Southeast Asia.

Since 2020, Sea is also the owner of Singapore Premier League football club Lion City Sailors FC, after Forrest Li acquired, privatised and renamed Home United.
2017 Ricoh Open – Women's singles
The 2017 Ricoh Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 28th edition of the Rosmalen Grass Court Championships, and part of the 250 Series of the 2017 ATP World Tour, and of the WTA International tournaments of the 2017 WTA Tour. Both the men's and the women's events took place at the Autotron park in Rosmalen, 's-Hertogenbosch in the Netherlands, from June 12 through June 18, 2017.

CoCo Vandeweghe was the defending champion, but lost in the first round to Carina Witthöft. Unseeded Anett Kontaveit won her first WTA title, defeating Natalia Vikhlyantseva in the final, 6–2, 6–3.

's-Hertogenbosch
's-Hertogenbosch (Dutch: [ˌsɛrtoːɣə(m)ˈbɔs] ⓘ), colloquially known as Den Bosch (pronounced [dɛm ˈbɔs] ⓘ), is a city and municipality in the Netherlands with a population of 160,783. It is the capital of the province of North Brabant and its fourth largest city by population. The city is directly south of the Maas river and near the Waal.
Toulouse Cathedral
Toulouse Cathedral (French: Cathédrale Saint-Étienne de Toulouse; Occitan: Catedrala Sant Estève de Tolosa) is a Roman Catholic church located in the city of Toulouse, France. The cathedral is a national monument, and is the seat of the Archbishop of Toulouse.
It has been listed since 1862 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.

Ministry of Culture (France)
The Ministry of Culture (French: Ministère de la Culture [ministɛʁ də la kyltyʁ]) is the ministry of the Government of France in charge of national museums and the monuments historiques. Its goal is to maintain the French identity through the promotion and protection of the arts (visual, plastic, theatrical, musical, dance, architectural, literary, televisual and cinematographic) on national soil and abroad. Its budget is mainly dedicated to the management of the Archives Nationales (six national sites and hundred decentralised storage facilities) and the regional Maisons de la culture (culture centres).

Its main office is in the Palais-Royal in the 1st arrondissement of Paris on the Rue de Valois. It is headed by the Minister of Culture, a cabinet member. The most recent officeholder has been Rachida Dati, before she resigned to focus on her candidacy of the 2026 Paris municipal election.
Hipólito Unanue
José Hipólito Unanue y Pavón (August 13, 1755–July 15, 1833) was a physician, naturalist, meteorologist, cosmographer, the first Minister of Finance of Peru, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Protomédico (equivalent to Minister of health combining with head of "Escuela de Medicina del Peru"), university professor, founder of the San Fernando Medical School (now the Medicine faculty of San Marcos University), representative of Arequipa in the Cortes of Cádiz, President of the Junta de Gobierno (highest executive power in the Peruvian government at that time), Protector of the province of Arequipa (during the Spanish Empire), independence precursor and a Peruvian politician, active in politics in the early years after independence. He served as the President of the Congress from 1822 to 1823.

Cosmography
The term cosmography has two distinct meanings: traditionally it has been the protoscience of mapping the general features of the cosmos, heaven and Earth; more recently, it has been used to describe the ongoing effort to determine the large-scale features of the observable universe.

Premodern views of cosmography can be traditionally divided into those following the tradition of ancient near eastern cosmology, dominant in the Ancient Near East and in early Greece.
Mapsco
Mapsco was a privately held publisher of maps and atlases, and was based in Addison, Texas. Universal Map Group, LLC, an affiliate of Kappa Media Group, Inc. acquired the assets of Mapsco, Inc. from Dallas-based Rupe Investment Corp. in March 2010. Rupe Investment Corp. had owned Mapsco, Inc. since 1989. The Kappa Map Group suddenly ceased operations in early 2022 when the group's Managing Director departed for another position and no so-called "white knight" was found to rescue the mapping group. Decades of cartographic work was abandoned when the Map Group closed down.

Map
A map is a symbolic depiction of interrelationships, commonly spatial, between things within a space. A map may be annotated with text and graphics. Like any graphic, a map may be fixed to paper or other durable media, or may be displayed on a transitory medium such as a computer screen. Some maps change interactively. Although maps are commonly used to depict geographic elements, they may represent any space, real or fictional. The subject being mapped may be two-dimensional such as Earth's surface, three-dimensional such as Earth's interior, or from an abstract space of any dimension.

Maps of geographic territory have a very long tradition and have existed from ancient times. The word "map" comes from the medieval Latin: Mappa mundi, wherein mappa meant 'napkin' or 'cloth' and mundi 'of the world'. Thus, "map" became a shortened term referring to a flat representation of Earth's surface.
Jump process
A jump process is a type of stochastic process that has discrete movements, called jumps, with random arrival times, rather than continuous movement. It is typically modelled as a simple or compound Poisson process.

In finance, various stochastic models are used to model the price movements of financial instruments; for example the Black–Scholes model for pricing options assumes that the underlying instrument follows a traditional diffusion process, with continuous, random movements at all scales, no matter how small. John Carrington Cox and Stephen Ross: 145–166  proposed that prices actually follow a 'jump process'.

Robert C. Merton extended this approach to a hybrid model known as jump diffusion, which states that the prices have large jumps interspersed with small continuous movements.

Diffusion process
In probability theory and statistics, diffusion processes are a class of continuous-time Markov process with almost surely continuous sample paths. Diffusion processes are stochastic in nature and hence are used to model many real-life stochastic systems. Brownian motion, reflected Brownian motion and Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes are examples of diffusion processes. It is used heavily in statistical physics, statistical analysis, information theory, data science, neural networks, finance and marketing.

A sample path of a diffusion process models the trajectory of a particle embedded in a flowing fluid and subjected to random displacements due to collisions with other particles, which is called Brownian motion.  The position of the particle is then random; its probability density function as a function of space and time is  governed by a convection–diffusion equation.
Sir Annesley Stewart, 6th Baronet
Sir Annesley Stewart, 6th Baronet (1725 – March 1801) was an Anglo-Irish banker and politician.

Stewart was the son of Ezekiel Stewart and Anne Ward. He was the Member of Parliament for Charlemont in the Irish House of Commons between 1763 and 1797. He was a banker in Dublin.

He married Mary Moore, daughter of John Moore, in September 1755. On 14 August 1769 Stewart succeeded the baronetcy of his distant cousin, William Stewart, 1st Earl of Blessington. He was succeeded by his eldest son, James Stewart.

Irish House of Commons
The Irish House of Commons (Irish: Teach na gComóntach, Teach na dTeachtaí) was the lower house of the Parliament of Ireland that existed from 1297 until the end of 1800. The upper house was the House of Lords. The membership of the House of Commons was directly elected, but on a highly restrictive franchise, similar to the unreformed House of Commons in contemporary Great Britain. Catholics were disqualified from sitting in the Irish parliament from 1691, even though they comprised the vast majority of the Irish population.

The Irish executive, known as the Dublin Castle administration, under the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, was not answerable to the House of Commons but to the British government. However, the Chief Secretary for Ireland was usually a member of the Irish parliament. In the Commons, business was presided over by the Speaker.

From 1 January 1801, it ceased to exist and was succeeded by the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.
Ctenodecticus
Ctenodecticus is a genus of bush crickets erected by erected by Ignacio Bolívar in 1877; it is the type genus of the small tribe Ctenodecticini.  Species have been recorded from the Iberian Peninsula, Sardinia, Sicily and North Africa.

Ignacio Bolívar
Ignacio Bolívar y Urrutia (Spanish pronunciation: [iɣˈnasjo βoˈliβaɾjuˈrutja]; 9 November 1850 – 19 November 1944) was a Spanish naturalist and entomologist, and one of the founding fathers of Spanish entomology. He helped found the Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural (Royal Spanish Natural History Society) in 1871, and was the author of several books and of over 1000 species.

He also encouraged other naturalists to study entomology, José María de la Fuente being one example. In this field he wrote more than 300 books and monographs and described more than thousand new species and about 200 genera.

After the Spanish Civil War he was exiled to Mexico when the nationalist government harshly repressed Republican militants and sympathisers. Here he was made Doctor honoris of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. In Mexico he was devoted mainly to entomology and founded in 1940 the journal Ciencia (Science).