hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hong Kong English
Hong Kong English or Honglish is a variety of the English language native to Hong Kong. The variant is either a learner interlanguage or emergent variant, primarily a result of Hong Kong's British colonial history and the influence of native Hong Kong Cantonese speakers.

Voicelessness
In linguistics, voicelessness is the property of sounds being pronounced without the larynx vibrating. Phonologically, it is a type of phonation, which contrasts with other states of the larynx, but some object that the word phonation implies voicing and that voicelessness is the lack of phonation.

The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) has distinct letters for many voiceless and modally voiced pairs of consonants (the obstruents), such as [p b], [t d], [k ɡ], [q ɢ], [c ɟ], [f v], and [s z]. Also, there are diacritics for voicelessness,  U+0325 ◌̥ COMBINING RING BELOW and U+030A ◌̊ COMBINING RING ABOVE, which is used for letters with a descender. Diacritics are typically used with letters for prototypically voiced sounds, such as vowels and sonorant consonants: [ḁ], [l̥], [ŋ̊].
In Russian use of the IPA, the voicing diacritic may be turned for voicelessness, e.g. ⟨ṋ⟩.
Frank Lumley Playford
Frank Lumley Playford (1855–1931) was a British rower who won the Wingfield Sculls five times  and the Diamond Challenge Sculls at Henley Royal Regatta in 1876.

Playford was born at Putney,  the son of Francis Playford and his wife Emily Augusta Blake. His father and uncle Herbert Playford were both eminent oarsmen. He became stockbroker in his father's business.

Playford rowed for London Rowing Club and won the Wingfield Sculls in 1875 beating the previous winner A C Dicker. In 1876, he won the Diamond Challengs Sculls at Henley as well as the London Cup at the Metropolitan Regatta.  He won Wingfield Sculls in 1877 beating Tom Edwards-Moss, in 1878 beating Alexander Payne and in 1879 beating Jefferson Lowndes. He did not defend his title in 1880.

Playford died at Epsom at the age of 75.

Playford married Kate Percy and was the father of Humphrey Playford.

Diamond Challenge Sculls
The Diamond Challenge Sculls is a rowing event for men's single sculls at the annual Henley Royal Regatta on the River Thames at Henley-on-Thames in England. First run in 1844, it is open to male scullers from all eligible rowing clubs.

The Diamond Challenge Sculls, the Wingfield Sculls and the London Cup in the Metropolitan Regatta make up the "Triple Crown" of the three premier single sculling events in the United Kingdom.
Patrick Syring
William Patrick Syring (born 30 August 1957, in Toledo, Ohio) is an American career diplomat who was twice convicted of threatening and violating the civil rights of James Zogby and other employees of the Arab American Institute. The first threats took place during the 2006 Lebanon War. Syring pleaded guilty and was sentenced to one year in prison 11 July 2008, and was released early, in January 2009. Syring was again indicted by a federal grand jury in the District of Columbia on very similar offenses on February 21, 2018, and was ultimately sentenced to 60 months in prison. Syring was released early in June 2022 under the First Step Act.

First Step Act
The First Step Act, formally known as the Formerly Incarcerated Reenter Society Transformed Safely Transitioning Every Person Act, is a bipartisan criminal justice bill passed by the 115th U.S. Congress and signed by President Donald Trump in December 2018. The act enacted several changes in U.S. federal criminal law aimed at reforming federal prisons and sentencing laws in order to reduce recidivism, decreasing the federal inmate population, and maintaining public safety.
Bongani Mahlangu
Bongani ("Wonderboy") Mahlangu (born 7 October 1979) is a South African professional boxer. As an amateur, he participated in the 2004 Summer Olympics, where he was stopped in the first round of the lightweight division by Azerbaijan's Rovshan Huseynov.

Mahlangu won the silver medal in the same division one year earlier, at the All-Africa Games in Abuja, Nigeria.

Boxing at the 2003 All-Africa Games
Boxing at the 8th All Africa Games was held in Abuja, Nigeria from October 4-13, 2003. It served as a qualification tournament for the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. The number one and two earned a ticket for the Olympic tournament.

A total number of 182 fighters from 27 countries did participate in Abuja, Nigeria, with the host country (four gold, three silver, no bronze) as the overall-winner before Egypt (three gold, two silver, two bronze) and Algeria (two gold, one silver, four bronze).  All the finalists got quotes for the 2004 Summer Olympics.  Two more qualification tournaments followed afterwards on the African continent: in Casablanca, Morocco (January 15 to January 22, 2004) and in Gaborone, Botswana (March 15 to March 22, 2004).
Selfridge, North Dakota
Selfridge is a city in Sioux County, North Dakota, United States and on the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation. Selfridge was founded in 1911. The population was 127 at the 2020 census. Other settlements near this town include Fort Yates and Porcupine. Previous settlements that have since dissolved are Maple Leaf and Chadwick.

Milwaukee Road
The Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad (CMStP&P), better known as the Milwaukee Road (reporting mark MILW), was a Class I railroad that operated in the Midwest and Northwest of the United States from 1847 until 1986.

The company experienced financial difficulty through the 1970s and 1980s, including bankruptcy in 1977 (though it filed for bankruptcy twice in 1925 and 1935, respectively). In 1980, it abandoned its Pacific Extension, which included track in the states of Montana, Idaho, and Washington. The remaining system was merged into the Soo Line Railroad (reporting mark SOO), a subsidiary of Canadian Pacific Railway (reporting mark CP), on January 1, 1986. Much of its historical trackage remains in use by other railroads. The company brand is commemorated by buildings like the historic Milwaukee Road Depot in Minneapolis and preserved locomotives such as Milwaukee Road 261 which operates excursion trains.
Diary of an Afro Warrior
Diary of an Afro Warrior is the second album by dubstep producer Benga. Released in 2008 it was met with favourable reviews and has been credited – along with fellow Tempa artist, Skream – with introducing the genre to a more mainstream audience.

Tempa Recordings
Tempa is a garage and dubstep music label founded in 2000 by Neil Jolliffe, who also coined the term "dubstep" in 2002.

The label, along with Big Apple Records, and parent label Ammunition, was part of the formation of dubstep as a genre.

A key member and the face of Tempa Recordings is DJ and producer Youngsta, who has been in charge of artists and repertoire for the label since its inception.

The label's biggest release is the "Midnight Request Line" by Skream which was released in 2005.
Trinity Group (geologic group)
The Trinity Group is a group (sequence of rock strata) in the Lower Cretaceous lithostratigraphy of Texas, Arkansas, Mississippi, Louisiana and Oklahoma. It is named for the Trinity River of Texas.

A stratigraphic column at the Mount Bonnell Fault location starts with the Lower Cretaceous Trinity Group overlain by the Edwards Group.  Upper Cretaceous formations follow, starting with the Del Rio Clay, Buda Limestone, and then the Eagle Ford Group.  Formations within the Trinity Group include the Hammett Formation, Cow Creek Formation, Hensel Formation, and Lower and Upper Glen Rose Formation.  The Hammett and the lower portion of the Upper Glen Rose act as confining units (or aquitard) for the Middle Trinity Aquifer.  The Upper Glen Rose contains the Upper Trinity Aquifer, which appears to have intra-aquifer groundwater flow with the Edwards Aquifer as water levels are at the same elevation.

Edwards Aquifer
The Edwards Aquifer is one of the most prolific artesian aquifers in the world. Located on the eastern edge of the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas, it is the source of drinking water for two million people, and is the primary water supply for agriculture and industry in the aquifer's region. Additionally, the Edwards Aquifer feeds the Comal and San Marcos Springs, provides springflow for recreational and downstream uses in the Nueces, San Antonio, Guadalupe, and San Marcos river basins, and is home to several unique and endangered species.
Potentilla yadonii
Potentilla yadonii, commonly known as Santa Lucia horkelia, is a rare species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is endemic to California, where it is known from the Central Coast Ranges from Monterey to Santa Barbara Counties. It occupies chaparral and woodland habitat, often in meadows and dry riverbeds. Easily confused with related species, this plant was not recognized as a species of its own until 1993.

Santa Barbara County, California
Santa Barbara County, officially the County of Santa Barbara (Spanish: Condado de Santa Bárbara), is a county located in Southern California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 448,229. The county seat is Santa Barbara, and the largest city is Santa Maria.

Santa Barbara County comprises the Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. Most of the county is part of the California Central Coast. Mainstays of the county's economy include engineering, resource extraction (particularly petroleum extraction and diatomaceous earth mining), winemaking, agriculture, and education. The software development and tourism industries are important employers in the southern part of the county.
Olimp Air Flight 4653
On 20 January 2015, an Antonov An-2P plane operated by Olimp Air crashed 20 km away from the Shatyrkul mine in the Shu District of Jambyl Region, Kazakhstan. Of the seven people on board, only one survived.

Jambyl Region
Jambyl Region, formerly named Dzhambul Region until 1991, is a region of Kazakhstan. The population of the region is 1,209,665 Its administrative center is Taraz, with a population of 335,100. To the south the region borders Kyrgyzstan and nearly borders Uzbekistan in the southwest. Jambyl also borders three other provinces of Kazakhstan: Karaganda Region (to the north), Turkistan Region (to the west), and Almaty Region (to the east). The total area is 144,200 square kilometres (55,700 mi2). The province borders Lake Balkhash to its northeast. The province (and its capital during the Soviet era) was named after the Kazakh akyn (folk singer) Jambyl Jabayev.
2024 European Open
The 2024 European Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the ninth edition of the European Open and part of the ATP Tour 250 series of the 2024 ATP Tour. It took place at the Lotto Arena in Antwerp, Belgium, from 14 October until 20 October 2024.

Lotto Arena
Lotto Arena is an arena in Antwerp, Belgium. It has a seating capacity for 8,050 people for concerts and 5,218 for sporting events. The arena opened on 10 March 2007 after nine months of construction. It is located in the district of Merksem, adjacent to the Sportpaleis.

The Antwerp Giants basketball club uses the arena as its home venue. It also hosts the European Open, a tennis tournament part of the ATP Tour 250 series.
1st Assault Brigade Royal Engineers
The 1st Assault Brigade Royal Engineers was a specialised armoured formation of the British Army active in the Second World War. It was formed in mid-1943 and its structure was three assault regiments of the Royal Engineers. It was assigned to the 79th Armoured Division in preparation for the Normandy invasion of 6 June 1944. The unit comprised armoured vehicles modified for specialist roles (also known as Hobart's Funnies), intended to assist with the landing phase of the operation.

Operation Blackcock
Operation Blackcock was an operation to clear German troops from the Roer Triangle, formed by the towns of Roermond and Sittard in the Netherlands and Heinsberg in Germany during the fighting on the Western Front in the Second World War. It was conducted by the British Second Army between 13 and 26 January 1945. The objective was to drive the German 15th Army back across the rivers Roer and Wurm and move the frontline further into Germany. The operation was carried out by Lieutenant-General Neil Ritchie's XII Corps by three divisions: the 7th Armoured Division (Major-General Lewis Lyne), the 43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division (Major-General Ivor Thomas) and the 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division (Major-General Edmund Hakewill-Smith). The operation, named after the Scottish male black grouse, is relatively unknown.
Michala Mrůzková
Michala Mrůzková (nee Strnadová; born 19 October 1979) is a former Czech female canoeist who won several medals at senior level at the Wildwater Canoeing World Championships. She also has competed since the mid-2000s in canoe sprint, when she won two medals at the 2006 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Szeged with a silver in the K-2 500 m and a bronze in the K-1 1000 m events.

2006 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 2006 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Szeged, Hungary, from August 17 to 20 2006. This was the second time the city had hosted the championships, doing so previously in 1998.

Men race as individuals, pairs and quads over 200 m, 500 m and 1000 m in both Canoe (Canadian) (C) and Kayak (K) events, giving a total of 18 gold medals. Women compete for only 9 gold medals as they race in kayak events only.

This was the 35th championships in canoe sprint.
Ravi Kumar Dhingra
Rear Admiral Ravi Kumar Dhingra, VSM (born 25 July 1970) is a serving Flag officer in the Indian Navy. He last served as the Flag Officer Commanding Tamil Nadu & Puducherry Naval Area. A submariner, he earlier served as the Commodore Commanding Submarines (West).

Rear admiral (India)
Rear admiral is a two-star flag officer rank in the Indian Navy. It is the third-highest active rank in the Indian Navy. Rear admiral ranks above the one-star rank of commodore and below the three-star rank of vice admiral.

The equivalent rank in the Indian Army is major general and in the Indian Air Force is air vice marshal.
Geopost
Geopost SA (formerly DPDgroup) is a multinational logistics company and an international parcel delivery service for sorter compatible parcels based in Issy-les-Moulineaux, France. Until 2015 DPD stood for Dynamic Parcel Distribution. Its brands are DPD, Chronopost, Seur, Speedy AD and BRT. The company is based in France and operates mainly in the express road-based market. Geopost is owned and operated by La Poste, the French state-owned postal service.

Geopost services are available in Europe, Asia, South Africa, India, Brazil and several other countries, either directly or through partnerships.

In 2024, Geopost delivered 2.1 billion parcels worldwide and achieved revenues of €15.8 billion.

Issy-les-Moulineaux
Issy-les-Moulineaux (French pronunciation: [isi le mulino]) is a commune in the southwestern suburban area of Paris, France, lying on the left bank of the river Seine. Its citizens are called Isséens in French. It is one of Paris's entrances and is located 6.6 km (4.1 mi) from Notre Dame Cathedral, which is considered Kilometre Zero in France. On 1 January 2010, Issy-les-Moulineaux became part of the  Grand Paris Seine Ouest agglomeration community, which merged into the Métropole du Grand Paris in January 2016.

Issy-les-Moulineaux has successfully moved its economy from an old manufacturing base to high value-added service sectors and is at the heart of the Val de Seine business district, the largest cluster of telecommunication and media businesses in France, hosting the headquarters of most major French television networks.
Ondagona Baa
Ondagona Baa is a 2003 Indian Kannada-language romance drama film directed by K. R. Udhayashankar and produced by Rockline Venkatesh. The film stars V. Ravichandran and Shilpa Shetty. Yester-year veteran actors J. V. Somayajulu and K. R. Vijaya too feature in prominent roles.  The film also marked the reunion of actor Ravichandran with music composer Hamsalekha who had parted ways due to some differences for many years. It is a remake of the Telugu film Kalisundam Raa.

The film created much hype before its release due to the reunion of veterans on the screen after a long time. Critics appreciated the film for its family-based theme and decent music.

K. R. Vijaya
Deivanayaki, better known by her stage name K. R. Vijaya, is an Indian actress who has featured in Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu and Kannada films. She started her career in 1963 and has been acting for more than six decades in South Indian cinema. The actress has worked with almost all the stalwarts of South Indian cinema and has played many key roles.
Uttarākhaṇḍ Devabhūmi Mātribhūmi
"Uttarākhaṇḍ Devabhūmi Mātŕbhūmi" is the official state song of the Indian state of Uttarakhand. The lyrics were written by Hemant Bisht, with music by the noted Uttarakhandi folk musician Narendra Singh Negi.

This song is trilingual with first three of its seven verses written in Hindi, while the last four verses are written in Garhwali and Kumaoni languages.

The song is a hymn, praising Uttarakhand as a divine motherland. The theme is set to reflect the geography, ecology, fauna and flora, culture, festivals, music, cuisine, arts, and lifestyle of the people of Uttarakhand.

Kumaoni language
Kumaoni (Kumaoni-Devanagari: कुमाऊँनी, pronounced [kuːmaːʊ̃ːniː]) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by over two million people of the Kumaon region of the state of Uttarakhand in Northern India, and the distant northwestern Sudurpashchim Province and Karnali Province of Nepal. As per 1961 survey there were 1,030,254 Kumaoni speakers in India. The number of speakers increased to 2.0 million in 2011.

Kumaoni is not endangered but UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger designates it as a language in the unsafe category, meaning it requires consistent conservation efforts.
Cyrus Sears
Cyrus Sears (March 10, 1832 – November 30, 1909) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Sears received his country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor. Sear's medal was awarded for his heroism during the Battle of Iuka in Mississippi on 19 September 1862. He was honored with the award on December 31, 1892.

Sears was born in Meredith, New York, and entered service in Bucyrus, Ohio. He was buried in Upper Sandusky, Ohio.

Upper Sandusky, Ohio
Upper Sandusky is a city in and the county seat of Wyandot County, Ohio, United States, along the upper Sandusky River. The city lies approximately 59 miles (95 km) south of Toledo and 62 miles (100 km) north of Columbus. The population was 6,698 at the 2020 census.

The city was founded in 1843 and named for an earlier Wyandot village of the same name, which was located nearby. Despite what its name may suggest, Upper Sandusky is actually about 55 miles (89 km) southwest of the city of Sandusky. It was named "Upper" because it is located near the headwaters of the Sandusky River, which flows downriver through the city of Sandusky and empties into Lake Erie.
Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil
Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta appraised by Dante and Virgil (and several variant titles) is a composition painted in at least six very similar versions by Ary Scheffer between 1822 and 1855; all are in oils on canvas. The paintings show a scene from Dante's Inferno, of Dante and Virgil in the shadows to the right viewing the murdered lovers Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta in Hell. It "could be described as Scheffer's best work".

Paolo Malatesta
Paolo Malatesta (Italian pronunciation: [ˈpaːolo malaˈtɛsta]; c. 1246 – 1285), also known as il Bello ('the Beautiful'), was the third son of Malatesta da Verucchio, Lord of Rimini. He is best known for the story of his affair with Francesca da Polenta, portrayed by Dante in a famous episode of his Inferno (Canto V). He was the brother of Giovanni (Gianciotto) and Malatestino Malatesta.
Hal Mohr
Harold Leon "Hal" Mohr, A.S.C. (August 2, 1894 – May 10, 1974) was a famed movie cinematographer, noted for shooting The Jazz Singer, Hollywood's landmark semi-talkie. Mohr won an Oscar for his work on the 1935 film, A Midsummer Night's Dream, another for the 1943 version of The Phantom of the Opera, and received an Oscar nomination for lensing the 1952 film of Jan de Hartog's The Fourposter.

The Fourposter
The Fourposter is a play written by Jan de Hartog. The two-character story spans 35 years, from 1890 to 1925, as it focuses on the trials and tribulations, laughters and sorrows, and hopes and disappointments experienced by Agnes and Michael throughout their marriage. The set consists solely of their bedroom, dominated by the large, fourposter bed in the centre of the room. Among the couple's milestones are the consummation of their marriage, the birth of their first child, Michael's success as a writer, his extramarital affair, their daughter's wedding, and their preparations to move to smaller quarters and pass their home on to another newlywed couple.

After a pre-London tour, it opened in the West End in 1950. A Broadway production followed in 1951, and the play has been adapted for film, television and musical theatre.
Venus of Willendorf
The Venus of Willendorf is an 11.1-centimetre-tall (4.4 in) Venus figurine estimated to have been made c. 30,000 years ago. It was recovered on 7 August 1908 from an archaeological dig conducted by Josef Szombathy, Hugo Obermaier, and Josef Bayer at a Paleolithic site near Willendorf, a village in Lower Austria. The figurine was found by a workman named either Johann Veran or Josef Veram and is carved from an oolitic limestone that is not local to the area, and tinted with red ochre. It is in the Natural History Museum in Vienna, Austria as of 2003.

Hugo Obermaier
Hugo Obermaier (29 January 1877, in Regensburg – 12 November 1946, in Fribourg) was a distinguished Spanish-German prehistorian and anthropologist who taught at various European centres of learning. Although he was born in Germany, he was later naturalized as a Spanish citizen in 1924. He is particularly associated with his work on the diffusion of mankind in Europe during the Ice Age, and in connection with north Spanish cave art, and resisted placing his science at the disposal of nationalistic and racialist interests in the Germany of the 1930s.
2002 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
The 2002 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the 116th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament. The championship began on 5 May 2002 and ended on 22 September 2002.

Galway entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Kerry in the All-Ireland quarter-final.

On 22 September 2002, Armagh won the championship following a 1–12 to 0–14 defeat of Kerry in the All-Ireland final. This was their first of two All-Ireland titles.

Armagh's Oisín McConville was the championship's top scorer with 1–40. His teammate Kieran McGeeney was the choice for the three Footballer of the Year awards.

Armagh GAA
The Armagh County Board (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste Chontae Ard Mhacha) or Armagh GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) in Ireland, and is responsible for the administration of Gaelic games in County Armagh, Northern Ireland.

The county board is responsible for preparing the Armagh GAA teams in the various sporting codes; football, hurling, camogie and handball.

The county football team has won two All-Ireland Senior Football Championships in 2002 and 2024.
Yüksekoluk
Yüksekoluk (formerly Glavur) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Toroslar, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 400 (2022). The village is in the Taurus Mountains and the distance to Mersin city center is about 35 kilometres (22 mi). The main economic activity of the village is agriculture.

Toroslar
Toroslar is a municipality and district of Mersin Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,075 km2, and its population is 319,711 (2022). It covers the northern part of the city of Mersin and the adjacent countryside.