hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Roe (1801 ship)
Roe was launched in France in 1792, almost certainly under another name. The British captured her and between 1801 and 1808 she became a Liverpool based slave ship, making four voyages in the  triangular trade in enslaved people. After the end of the British slave trade Roe traded with Brazil. The Americans captured her in 1812 but she was quickly recaptured. She was wrecked in November 1814.

Slave ship
Slave ships were large cargo ships specially built or converted from the 17th to the 19th century for transporting slaves. Such ships were also known as "Guineamen" because the trade involved human trafficking to and from the Guinea coast in West Africa.
Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic
The Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic (Russian: Крымская Социалистическая Советская Республика or Крымская Советская Социалистическая Республика; Crimean Tatar: Qırım Şuralar Sotsialistik Cumhuriyeti) or the Soviet Socialist Republic of the Crimea was a state allied with Soviet Russia that existed in Crimea for several months in 1919 during the Russian Civil War.  It was the second Bolshevik government in Crimea and its capital was Simferopol.

Simferopol
Simferopol (/ˌsɪmfəˈroʊpəl/ SIM-fər-OH-pəl), also known as Aqmescit, is the second-largest city on the Crimean Peninsula. The city, along with the rest of Crimea, is internationally recognized as part of Ukraine, but controlled by Russia. It is considered the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.

Since 2014 it has been under the de facto control of Russia, which annexed Crimea that year and regards Simferopol as the capital of the Republic of Crimea.

Simferopol is an important political, economic and transport hub of the peninsula, and serves as the administrative centre of both Simferopol Municipality and the surrounding Simferopol District. Its population was 332,317 (2014 Census).

After the 1784 annexation of the Crimean Khanate by the Russian Empire, the Russian empress decreed the foundation of a city named Simferopol on the location of the Crimean Tatar town of Aqmescit ("White Mosque").
Tawhitia glaucophanes
Tawhitia glaucophanes is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1907. It is endemic to New Zealand, where it has been recorded from Fiordland to Mount Cook.

The wingspan is 21–32 mm. Adults are on wing from late December to February.

Aoraki / Mount Cook
Aoraki / Mount Cook is the highest mountain in New Zealand. Its height, as of 2014, is listed as 3,724 metres (12,218 feet). It is situated in the Southern Alps, the mountain range that runs the length of the South Island. A popular tourist destination, it is also a favourite challenge for mountaineers. Aoraki / Mount Cook consists of three summits: from south to north, the Low Peak (3,593 m or 11,788 ft), the Middle Peak (3,717 m or 12,195 ft) and the High Peak. The summits lie slightly south and east of the main divide of the Southern Alps, with the Tasman Glacier to the east and the Hooker Glacier to the southwest. Mount Cook is ranked 10th in the world by topographic isolation.
Moby Prince disaster
The Moby Prince disaster was a major maritime accident resulting in 140 deaths. It occurred in the late evening of Wednesday 10 April 1991, in the harbour of Livorno, Italy. It is the worst disaster in the Italian merchant navy since World War II. It is also considered one of the two worst environmental disasters in Italian history, along with the explosion and loss of the tanker Amoco Milford Haven on the following day in an unrelated accident near Voltri.

MV Moby Prince, a ferry owned by Navigazione Arcipelago Maddalenino (NAVARMA) Lines, collided with the oil tanker Agip Abruzzo, sparking an extensive fire that ravaged the ship. The only survivor of the crew and passengers of the ferry was a young ship's boy, Alessio Bertrand from Naples. The other 140 on board were killed by the fire or toxic fumes.

On 28 May 1998 the ship's hull sank while impounded in a dock in Leghorn Harbour; it was later refloated and sent to be scrapped in Turkey.

Cabin boy
A cabin boy or ship's boy is a boy or young man who waits on the officers and passengers of a ship, especially running errands for the captain. The modern merchant navy successor to the cabin boy is the steward's assistant.
Paanch Phoron
Paanch Phoron is a 2019 Bengali web series streamed on the OTT platform Hoichoi. The series is a collection of five romantic stories produced by five different directors. It is named after the panch phoron spice blend, which means 'five spices'. The series has been well received and is currently on its second season.

Sohini Sarkar
Sohini Sarkar is an Indian actress who works in Bengali-language films and television. She played the title character in the 2011–2012 TV series Adwitiya. Sarkar made her film debut in the 2013 film Rupkatha Noy. In the same year she acted in the film Phoring. In 2018, she was nominated at Filmfare Awards East for best actress in leading role for the film Bibaho Diaries.
Duke of Barcelos
The Dukes of Barcelos (Portuguese: Duque de Barcelos) was a title of nobility granted by King Sebastian of Portugal on 5 August 1562 to the heir of the Duke of Braganza. After the Braganza accession to the throne, the title continued to be the title of the heir of the Duke of Braganza, alongside the title of Prince of Beira.

This title (originally Count of Barcelos) belonged to the Braganzas since Alphonse, 8th Count of Barcelos and 1st Duke of Braganza.

The first Duke of Barcelos was John I, eldest son of Teodósio I, 5th Duque of Braganza, who become later John I, 6th Duke of Braganza.

Afonso I, Duke of Braganza
Dom Afonso I of Braganza (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐˈfõsu]; 10 August 1377 – 15 December 1461) was the first duke of Braganza and the eighth count of Barcelos. He founded the House of Braganza, the most powerful and wealthy dynasty in Portugal. His descendants became high-ranking nobles, imperial officials, and finally kings of Portugal and emperors of Brazil.
Mayfield, Oklahoma
Mayfield is an unincorporated community in Beckham County, Oklahoma, United States, It is on Oklahoma State Highway 30, 8.5 miles (13.7 km) north of Erick. Its post office opened on December 23, 1902; its first postmaster was Alfred S. Mayfield, for whom the community is named.

Erick, Oklahoma
Erick (/ˈɪərɪk/ EER-ik) is a city in Beckham County, Oklahoma, United States. It is located 15 miles (24 km) west of Sayre, the county seat, and 6 miles (9.7 km) east of the Oklahoma-Texas border. The population was an even 1,000 at the time of the 2020 census.

A post office, originally named Dennis, was established to serve the local community on November 8, 1900. This community developed along the Choctaw, Oklahoma and Gulf Railroad line (later the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway), built in 1902. On November 16, 1901, the name was changed to honor Beeks Erick, the townsite developer and president of the Choctaw Townsite and Improvement Company, and the town incorporated that year.
Glidcop
Glidcop is a family of copper-based metal matrix composite (MMC) alloys mixed primarily with small amounts of aluminum oxide ceramic particles. It is a trademark of North American Höganäs. The name is sometimes written GlidCop or GLIDCOP.

The aluminum oxide particles block dislocation creep, which retards recrystallization and prevents grain growth; thus preserving the metal's strength at high temperatures. They also protect the metal against radiation damage.  On the other hand, they exclude the possibly of heat treatment or hot working of the worked parts.

Grain growth
In materials science, grain growth is the increase in size of grains (crystallites) in a material at high temperature. This occurs when recovery and recrystallisation are complete and further reduction in the internal energy can only be achieved by reducing the total area of grain boundary. The term is commonly used in metallurgy but is also used in reference to ceramics and minerals. The behaviors of grain growth is analogous to the coarsening behaviors of grains, which implied that both of grain growth and coarsening may be dominated by the same physical mechanism.
Laudium
Laudium (/ˈlɔːdiəm, ˈloʊ-/) is an Indian township southwest of central Pretoria, in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. Claudius is a residential suburb that is effectively an extension of Laudium.

Township (South Africa)
In South Africa, the terms township and location usually refer to an under-developed, racially segregated urban area, from the late 19th century until the end of apartheid, which were reserved for non-whites, namely Black Africans, Coloureds and Indians. Townships were usually built on the periphery of towns and cities. The term township also has a distinct legal meaning in South Africa's system of land title, which carries no racial connotations.

Townships for non-whites were also called locations or lokasies in Afrikaans and are often still referred to as such in the smaller towns. The slang term "kasie / kasi", a popular short version of "lokasie" is also used. Townships sometimes have large informal settlements nearby.
Lawrence F. Cafero
Lawrence F. Cafero Jr. (born January 8, 1958, in Bridgeport, Connecticut) is an eleven-term Republican member of the Connecticut House of Representatives, having represented parts of Norwalk and New Canaan in the 142nd District from 1992 until 2015. He served as House Minority Leader from 2007-2015.

Connecticut House of Representatives
The Connecticut House of Representatives is the lower house in the Connecticut General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The house is composed of 151 members representing an equal number of districts, with each constituency containing nearly 22,600 residents. Representatives are elected to two-year terms with no term limits.
The House convenes within the Connecticut State Capitol in Hartford.
Swimming at the 2013 SEA Games – Men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay
The Men's 4 x 100 metre freestyle relay event at the 2013 SEA Games took place on 14 December 2013 at Wunna Theikdi Aquatics Centre.

There were 6 teams who took part in this event. Singapore won the gold medal, Malaysia and Thailand won the silver and bronze medal respectively.

Singapore at the 2013 SEA Games
Singapore participated at the 2013 Southeast Asian Games from 11 to 22 December 2013. The 27th Southeast Asian Games took place in Naypyidaw, the capital of Myanmar, as well as in two other main cities, Yangon and Mandalay. Singapore itself became the host for the next 2015 event from 5–16 June 2015.
Mouse's case
Mouse's Case (1608) is a landmark English law judgment. The matter helped establish the defence of necessity in tort.

A ferryman was carrying forty-seven people, including one named Mouse, when a storm threatened the barge off Gravesend.  Another passenger threw the cargo overboard to save the barge. Mouse's casket included £113 inside and he sued the passenger for its loss. The court found that in cases of necessity, any one may act to save lives and there is no liability to them, although there may be liability against the ferryman. It was, however, still incumbent on the ferryman to contribute to the reimburse of the loss.

Passenger
A passenger is a person who travels in a vehicle, but does not bear any responsibility for the tasks required for that vehicle to arrive at its destination or otherwise operate the vehicle, and is not a steward. The vehicles may be bicycles, buses, cars, passenger trains, airliners, ships, ferryboats, personal watercraft, all terrain vehicles, snowmobiles, and other methods of transportation.

Crew members (if any), as well as the driver or pilot of the vehicle, are usually not considered to be passengers. For example, a flight attendant on an airline would not be considered a passenger while on duty and the same with those working in the kitchen or restaurant on board a ship as well as cleaning staff, but an employee riding in a company car being driven by another person would be considered a passenger, even if the car was being driven on company business.
Portrait of George III (Gainsborough)
Portrait of George III is a 1781 portrait painting by the English artist Thomas Gainsborough. It depicts George III, king of Great Britain. He is portrayed wearing the Windsor uniform and pointing to the Garter star on his chest. The king was painted by a number of artists following his accession to the throne.

The work was commissioned by George. Gainsborough also produced a companion piece featuring his wife, Queen Charlotte. The work was shown at the Royal Academy's Summer Exhibition of 1781 at Somerset House. The king hung it in the dining room at Buckingham Palace and it has remained in the Royal Collection since.

The commission promoted Gainsborough into royal favour at the expense of his rival Sir Joshua Reynolds.

Royal Academy Summer Exhibition
The Summer Exhibition is an open art exhibition held annually by the Royal Academy in Burlington House, Piccadilly in central London, England, during June, July, and August. The exhibition includes paintings, prints, drawings, sculpture, architectural designs and models, and is the largest and most popular open exhibition in the United Kingdom. It is also "the longest continuously staged exhibition of contemporary art in the world".

When the Royal Academy was founded in 1768, one of its key objectives was to establish an annual exhibition, open to all artists of merit, which could be visited by the public. The first Summer Exhibition took place in 1769; it has been held every year since without exception.
Papua New Guinea national under-20 rugby union team
The Papua New Guinea national under-20 rugby union team is for Papua New Guinean rugby union players aged 20 or under on January 1 of the year during which they are selected. The team has played at the World Rugby U20 Trophy and also competes at the Oceania U20 Championship as of 2015.

Under 20 age grade rugby came into existence, as a result of the IRB combining the Under 19 Rugby World Championship and Under 21 Rugby World Championship into a single IRB Junior World Championship tournament.

Oceania Rugby Under 20 Championship
The Oceania Rugby Under 20 Championship is an international rugby union competition organised by Oceania Rugby, which is the regional governing body for rugby in Oceania. It is contested by men's junior national teams with an under-20 age requirement, and played as two tournaments: the Oceania Championship for teams that qualify for the World Championship; and the Oceania Trophy for teams aiming to compete in the World Rugby U20 Trophy.
Watkins Biographical Dictionary
Watkins's Biographical Dictionary was originally published in 1800, with a second edition in 1825, as An Historical Account of the lives, characters and works of the most eminent persons in every age and nation, from the earliest times to the present.  It was compiled by John Watkins, LL.D., and published by Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.

An Universal Biographical and Historical Dictionary (London, 1800) was a book written and published by John Watkins on academic figures, statesmen, and royalty. The dictionary went through several editions and was translated into several languages, including French and German.

Longman
Longman, also known as Pearson Longman, is a publishing company founded in 1724 in London, England, that is owned by Pearson PLC.

Since 1968, Longman has been used primarily as an imprint by Pearson's Schools business. The Longman brand is also used for the Longman Schools in China and the Longman Dictionary.
Mereana Reid Arbelot
Mereana Reid Arbelot (born 28 July 1976) is a French politician from Tāvini Huiraʻatira who has represented French Polynesia's 3rd constituency in the National Assembly since 2023, when she replaced Moetai Brotherson who was elected President of French Polynesia.

Tāvini Huiraʻatira
Tāvini Huiraʻatira (lit. 'People's Servant'  or 'Serve the People'), also known as Tāvini huiraʻatira nō te ao māʻohi – FLP (lit. 'Serving the Maohi people'  or 'Servant of the Maohi people'), is a pro-independence political party in French Polynesia. Founded in 1977 as the Front de libération de la Polynésie (FLP), the party has been led since its inception by Oscar Temaru. From 2004 to 2013 it was part of the Union for Democracy (UPLD) coalition.

The party has primarily been in the opposition, but between 2004 and 2013 governed French Polynesia at various times as part of various coalition arrangements.
Nelson Pinder
Rev. Canon Nelson W. Pinder (July 27, 1932 – July 10, 2022) was an American civil rights activist. He arrived in Orlando in 1959 and served the Orlando Community for more than 50 years.  He was the minister of Parramore's Episcopal Church of St. John the Baptist until 1997 and served on a temporary basis afterward.  He worked with white officials for peaceful racial integration in Orlando in order to avoid incidents of civil disorder that were occurring in other Florida cities during the Civil Rights Movement.  Rev. Pinder organized sit-in protests of segregated lunch counters and theaters in Orlando including the Beacham Theatre. He also served as a member of the Mayor of Orlando Bob Carr's Biracial Commission which dealt with desegregation and equal employment opportunities for African-American citizens.

Desegregation in the United States
Desegregation is the process of ending the separation of two groups, usually referring to races. Desegregation is typically measured by the index of dissimilarity, allowing researchers to determine whether desegregation efforts are having impact on the settlement patterns of various groups. This is most commonly used in reference to the United States. Desegregation was long a focus of the American civil rights movement, both before and after the US Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education, particularly desegregation of the school systems and the military. Racial integration of society was a closely related goal.
Percy Cerutty
Percy Wells Cerutty MBE (10 January 1895 – 14 August 1975) was an Australian athletics coach in the 1950s and 1960s.

The eccentric Australian pioneered a home-spun system of "Stotan" training, embracing a holistic regime of natural diets, hard training in natural surroundings, and mental stimulation.

Cerutty coached Herb Elliott to a series of world record performances, culminating in an Olympic gold medal in the 1960 Rome Games.

World record
A world record is usually the best global and most important performance that is ever recorded and officially verified in a specific skill, sport, or other kind of activity. The book Guinness World Records and other world records organizations collates and publishes notable records of many.
2007 Asian Women's Junior Handball Championship
The 2007 Asian Women's Junior Handball Championship (9th tournament) took place in Almaty from 1 July–7 July. It acts as the Asian qualifying tournament for the 2008 Women's Junior World Handball Championship.

2008 Women's Junior World Handball Championship
The 2008 Women's Junior World Handball Championship was the 16th edition of the tournament and took place in Macedonia from 21 July to 3 August 2008.

Germany won the gold-medal match by defeating Denmark 25-23 while South Korea got the bronze medal.
Minister for Auckland
Minister for Auckland is a minister in the New Zealand Government with responsibility over issues concerning Auckland, first created by Prime Minister Helen Clark in 1999 and reinstated by Chris Hipkins in 2023. The first minister was Judith Tizard, and the current minister is Simeon Brown.

Ministers in the New Zealand Government
Ministers (Māori: nga minita) in the New Zealand Government are members of Parliament (MPs) who hold ministerial warrants from the Crown to perform certain functions of government. This includes formulating and implementing policies and advising the governor-general. Ministers collectively make up the executive branch of the New Zealand state. The governor-general is obliged to follow the advice of the prime minister on the appointment and dismissal of ministers.

Most ministers are members of Cabinet, and all ministers, including those outside Cabinet, serve concurrently as councillors of the Executive Council of New Zealand. These executives are also formally titled "ministers of the Crown", as in other Commonwealth realms.
2013 New Year Honours
The New Year Honours 2013 were appointments by some of the 16 Commonwealth realms to various orders and honours to recognise and reward good works by citizens of those countries. The New Year Honours are awarded as part of the New Year celebrations at the start of January.

The New Year Honours were announced on 28 December 2012 in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, on 31 December 2012 in New Zealand, and 28 December 2012 in the Cook Islands, Barbados, Grenada, Solomon Islands, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Belize, and Antigua and Barbuda,

The recipients of honours are displayed as they were styled before their new honour and arranged by the country (in order of precedence) whose ministers advised The Queen on the appointments, then by honour with grades i.e. Knight/Dame Grand Cross, Knight/Dame Commander etc. and then divisions i.e. Civil, Diplomatic and Military as appropriate.

Territorial Decoration
The Territorial Decoration (TD) was a military medal of the United Kingdom awarded for long service in the Territorial Force and its successor, the Territorial Army.

This award superseded the Volunteer Officer's Decoration when the Territorial Force was formed on 1 April 1908, following the enactment of the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907, (7 Edw.7, c.9) which was a large reorganisation of the old Volunteer Army and the remaining units of militia and Yeomanry.  However, the Militia were transferred to the Special Reserve rather than becoming part of the Territorial Force. Recipients of this award are entitled to use the letters "TD" after their name (post-nominal).
2020 Houston Roughnecks season
The 2020 Houston Roughnecks season was the first season for the Houston Roughnecks as a professional American football franchise. They played as charter members of the XFL, one of eight teams to compete in the league for the 2020 season. The Roughnecks played their home games at TDECU Stadium and were led by head coach June Jones.

Their inaugural season was cut short due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the XFL officially suspended operations for the remainder of the season on March 20, 2020.

2020 XFL season
The 2020 XFL season was the first season in the reboot of the XFL, and the second in the history of the XFL brand created and owned by professional wrestling magnate Vince McMahon, coming 19 years after the 2001 XFL season.

The season began on February 8, 2020, with the DC Defenders hosting and defeating the Seattle Dragons. The league planned to have a ten-week regular season through April 12, with division championships April 18 and 19, with the XFL Championship scheduled for April 26 in Houston.

In March 2020, amid the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, the XFL announced that the league would be canceling the rest of the season, ahead of the league's suspension of operations and bankruptcy filing a month later.
Caputia tomentosa
Caputia tomentosa, known as the woolly senecio, cocoon-plant, and the matted caputia, is a perennial, succulent dwarf shrub of the Caputia genus that grows in the Cape Provinces of South Africa, usually between the 900 and 1200 meters elevation. It has been introduced to Myanmar. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit as an ornamental.

Senecio
Senecio is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family (Asteraceae) that includes groundsels and some ragworts. Variously circumscribed taxonomically, the genus Senecio is one of the largest genera of flowering plants. Plants of the World Online currently accepts 1482 species.