hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cornelia Rudloff-Schäffer
Cornelia Rudloff-Schäffer (born 10 February 1957 in Bad Camberg/Taunus, West Germany) is a former president of the Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt (DPMA) (English: German Patent and Trade Mark Office), a post she held from 1 January 2009 until her retirement in January 2023. She studied law, politics and media studies and was, after the second legal civil service examination, employed as academic employee at the Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Patent, Copyright and Competition Law (German: Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches und internationales Patent-, Urheber- und Wettbewerbsrecht) and at the Institut for the Protection of Industrial Property (German: Institut für gewerblichen Rechtsschutz) at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. She retired at the end of January 2023 and was succeeded by Eva Schewior. Rudloff-Schäffer was the first woman to head the German Patent and Trade Mark Office "in the 145-year history of the office".

German Patent and Trade Mark Office
The German Patent and Trade Mark Office (German: Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt; abbreviation: DPMA) is the German national patent office, with headquarters in Munich, and offices in Berlin and Jena. In 2006 it employed 2556 people, of which about 700 were patent examiners.
Haworth baronets
The Haworth Baronetcy, of Dunham Massey in the County of Chester, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 3 July 1911 for Arthur Haworth, Liberal Member of Parliament for Manchester South from 1906 to 1912.

Dunham Massey
Dunham Massey is a civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, Greater Manchester, England. The parish includes the villages of Sinderland Green, Dunham Woodhouses and Dunham Town, along with Dunham Massey Hall and Park, formerly the home of the last Earl of Stamford and owned by the National Trust since 1976. Dunham Massey is in the historic county of Cheshire but, since 1974, it has been part of Trafford Metropolitan Borough; the nearest town is Altrincham. At the 2001 census, the parish had a population of 475.

Dunham Massey's history is reflected in its 45 listed buildings. It was a regionally important place during the medieval period and the seat of the Massey barons. The Georgian mansion, with the remains of a castle on its grounds, is a popular tourist attraction. There are two Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Dunham Massey: Dunham Park, located south of Dunham Town, and Brookheys Covert.
Cantiga da Ribeirinha
Cantiga da Ribeirinha (also known as Cantiga da Garvaia or Cantiga da Guarvaia) is one of the first known pieces of literature in Galician-Portuguese. The poem's date of composition is debated, with some experts placing it in 1189 or 1198, and others claiming it could not have been written before 1200. It was composed by Paio Soares de Taveirós and received its name because it was dedicated to Maria Pais Ribeira, the mistress of Sancho I of Portugal, known as "Ribeirinha."

Using the male I-lyric, the text tells of a platonic love between a poet of low station and a noble and unattainable woman. Although considered a love tune, it is sometimes interpreted instead as a song of derision or slander. Some experts believe that the poem is incomplete, and originally comprised three stanzas, with one having been lost. A recent hypothesis contests the poem's authorship, attributing it instead to Martim Soares de Baguim.

Sancho I of Portugal
Sancho I (born Martinho; Coimbra, 11 November 1154 – 26 March 1211) also referred to as Sancho the Populator ("Sancho o Povoador"), was King of Portugal from 1185 until his death in 1211. He was the second king of Portugal.

Sancho was the second but only surviving legitimate son and fifth child of Afonso I of Portugal by his wife, Matilda of Savoy. Sancho succeeded his father and was crowned in Coimbra when he was 31 years old on 9 December 1185. He used the title King of Silves from 1189 until he lost the territory to Almohad control in 1191.
Music Hall Strike of 1907
The Music Hall Strike of 1907 was a theatrical dispute which took place between music hall employees, stage artistes and London theatre proprietors. The catalyst for the strikes were the employees' lack of pay, the scrapping of perks, and an increase in working hours, and matinée performances.

The strike commenced on 22 January 1907 at the Holborn Empire in London and lasted for two weeks. The dispute gained momentum owing to the support from popular entertainers including Marie Dainton, Marie Lloyd, Arthur Roberts, Joe Elvin and Gus Elen, all of whom were active on picket lines outside both London and provincial theatres.

The strikes ended two weeks later and resulted in a rise in pay and better working conditions for both stage workers and artistes.

Joe Elvin
Joe Elvin (born Joseph Peter Keegan; 29 November 1862 – 3 March 1935) was an English comedian and music hall entertainer and a Founder of the Grand Order of Water Rats, a show business charity. With other leading performers he took part in the Music Hall War of 1907, which supported less well paid music hall artistes in their strike for better pay and conditions.
Sakuradamon Incident (1860)
The Sakuradamon Incident (桜田門外の変, Sakuradamon-gai no Hen; or 桜田門の変 Sakuradamon no Hen) was the assassination of Ii Naosuke, Chief Minister (Tairō) of the Tokugawa shogunate, on March 24, 1860 by rōnin samurai of the Mito and Satsuma Domains, outside the Sakurada Gate of Edo Castle.

Tairō
Tairō (Japanese: 大老, "great elder") was a high-ranking official position in the Tokugawa shogunate government of Japan, roughly comparable to the office of prime minister. The tairō presided over the governing rōjū council in the event of an emergency. A tairō was nominated from among the fudai daimyōs, who worked closely with the Tokugawa traditionally. Generally, the office holder was the shogunate's chief policymaker, and provided Japan with a capable temporary leader in the absence of a shōgun, or in the event that the shōgun was incapacitated.
Iboguhé
Iboguhé is a town in western Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Issia Department in Haut-Sassandra Region, Sassandra-Marahoué District.

Iboguhé was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Iboguhé was 41,768.

Sassandra-Marahoué District
Sassandra-Marahoué District (French: District du  Sassandra-Marahoué, [sa.sɑ̃d.ʁa ma.ʁa.we]) is one of fourteen administrative districts of Ivory Coast. The district is located in the central part of the country. The capital of the district is Daloa.
Tanezrouft
The Tanezrouft (Arabic: تنزروفت) is a natural region located along the borders of Algeria and Mali, west of the Hoggar Mountains. Along with the Libyan Desert it is one of the most desolate and most arid parts of the Sahara Desert. This area has no permanent residents and is known for its soaring temperatures and scarce access to crucial resources: water and food. Due to this, it is commonly referred to as the "land of terror". The name means ‘waterless dessert’ in Tamashek.

Natural region
A natural region (landscape unit) is a basic geographic unit. Usually, it is a region which is distinguished by its common natural features of geography, geology, and climate.

From the ecological point of view, the naturally occurring flora and fauna of the region are likely to be influenced by its geographical and geological factors, such as soil and water availability, in a significant manner. Thus most natural regions are homogeneous ecosystems. Human impact can be an important factor in the shaping and destiny of a particular natural region.
Elisabetta Sancassani
Maria Elisabetta Sancassani (born 6 February 1983) is an Italian female competition rower. A gold medal winner at the 2005 Mediterranean Games she twice represented her native country at the Summer Olympics, in 2004 and 2008. She began competing as a lightweight in 2012 and won the women's lightweight double scull in 2013 with Laura Milani, both at the European Rowing Championships and the World Rowing Championships.

She is the younger sister of nine-time world champion rower Franco Sancassani.

Lightweight rowing
Lightweight rowing (abbreviated Lwt or Lt) is a category of rowing where limits are placed on the maximum body weight of competitors. According to the International Rowing Federation (FISA), this weight category was introduced "to encourage more universality in the sport especially among nations with less statuesque people".

At the international level, for crew boats, the limits are:

Men: Crew average 70 kg (154.3 lb) – no rower over 72.5 kg (159.8 lb)

Women: Crew average 57 kg (125.7 lb) – no rower over 59 kg (130.1 lb)

For single sculls, the limits are 72.5 kg (159.8 lb) for men and 59 kg (130.1 lb) for women.
Manish Timsina
Manish Timsina (born 20 June 1988) is a Nepali Football coach and former professional goalkeeper. His the first Nepali to obtain the AFC Goalkeeping "A" Diploma License  and the first Nepali to serve as a goalkeeping coach for a foreign national team. As of 2025, he is the goalkeeping coach of the Afghanistan national football team and Punjab FC in India.

Afghanistan national football team
The Afghanistan national football team represents Afghanistan in men's international football and is controlled by the Afghanistan Football Federation. The Afghanistan Football Federation was established in 1922 and joined FIFA in 1948. It was also one of the founding members of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) in 1954.

Afghanistan claimed their first international football title and marked a historic moment for Afghan football when they became champions of the 2013 tournament of the SAFF Championship.
Gloria Coleman
Gloria Coleman (died February 18, 2010) was an American musician.

Coleman played bass, piano then organ. As a jazz organist she released two albums. The first, Soul Sisters by the Gloria Coleman Quartet, was for the Impulse! Records label. It featured drummer Pola Roberts, Leo Wright and Grant Green.   It was produced by Bob Thiele. The second album featured Ray Copeland, Dick Griffith, James Anderson, Earl Dunbar and Charlie Davis. A more recent album was released in 2008 on Doodlin' Records (Sweet Missy) which reunited Gloria with her former husband saxophonist George Coleman.  It featured their son George Coleman, Jr. on drums; guitarists, Eric Johnson and Calvin Keys as well as drummer Deszon Claiborne.  Dr. Lonnie Smith is also heard on one track.

Coleman wrote many songs for Bobbi Humphrey and Ernestine Anderson, among others.

Coleman married saxophonist George Coleman. The couple had two children and divorced. She died on February 18, 2010.

Bobbi Humphrey
Barbara Ann "Bobbi" Humphrey (born April 25, 1950) is an American jazz flutist and singer. She has recorded twelve albums over the course of her career, mostly playing jazz fusion, funk, and soul-jazz. In 1971, she was the first female instrumentalist signed by Blue Note and in 1994, she founded the jazz label Paradise Sounds Records.
Punctelia digitata
Punctelia digitata is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Brazil, it was described as a new species in 2009 by lichenologists Patrícia Jungbluth, Marcello Marcelli, and John Alan Elix. The holotype was collected  from Itirapina municipality in São Paulo State. It was found growing on a tree trunk in a cerrado forest, at an altitude of 770 m (2,530 ft). The thallus is greyish in colour, measuring 4.5–10 cm (2–4 in), comprising irregularly branched lobes with a width of 2–4 mm (0.08–0.16 in). The specific epithet digitata (Latin for "finger-like") refers to the characteristic shape of the lacinules (vegetative propagules). The lichen contains trace amounts of atranorin, and lecanoric acid as the main secondary metabolite.

Atranorin
Atranorin is a chemical substance produced by some species of lichen. It is a secondary metabolite belonging to a group of compounds known as depsides. Atranorin has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antiviral, and immunomodulatory properties. In rare cases, people can have an allergic reaction to atranorin.
Louisiana Literature festival
Louisiana Literature Festival is an annual literary festival which takes place around the third weekend of August at the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, 35 km (22 mi) north of Copenhagen, Denmark. The festival began in 2010, and each year it features around forty writers from all over the world over a span of four days.

Situated throughout the museum and the sculpture garden, the festival encompasses conversations between writers as well as between writers and critics, readings and various performances.

Conversation
Conversation is interactive communication between two or more people. The development of conversational skills and etiquette is an important part of socialization. The development of conversational skills in a new language is a frequent focus of language teaching and learning. Conversation analysis is a branch of sociology which studies the structure and organization of human interaction, with a more specific focus on conversational interaction.
Maiden Down
Maiden Down is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in Devon, England. It is located 1.8km southeast of Burlescombe and 2.9km northwest of Culmstock. Its northern edge borders the M5 motorway. This site is protected because of the diversity of insects supported by the heathland vegetation present.

Culmstock
Culmstock is a village and civil parish in Mid Devon, England, centred 10 miles from Tiverton and 6 NE of Cullompton. It is laid out on both sides of the River Culm; the village is joined by a single old narrow stone bridge across the river. The population of the parish at the 2011 Census was 554. The northern boundary of the parish forms part of the Devon – Somerset border and clockwise from there it is surrounded by the Devon parishes of Hemyock, Uffculme, Burlescombe and Holcombe Rogus.

Historically, in minor matters of law and taxation, Culmstock contributed to Hemyock Hundred. It saw prosperity as a centre of weaving and the wool trade, but this prosperity, and the relative population to that nationally, declined considerably in the latter part of the Industrial Revolution. The population was around 1446 for the forty years before the 1841 census but fell in the next 40 years to 863. In 1961 after a non-linear descent, the population was 692, broadly similar to today's total.
Zachary J. Eisner
Zachary J. Eisner is the operations director of LFR International known for his work on the Lay First Responder Model, which received the Prince Michael International Road Safety Award in 2020.

Eisner has developed emergency medical services in Kenya, Sierra Leone, and Nigeria. He is an advisor to the Nigerian Federal Road Safety Corps. Eisner co-founded the First Responder Coalition of Sierra Leone.

In December 2020, Eisner's contributions to emergency services development in developing countries with LFR International were recognized with the Prince Michael International Road Safety Award.

LFR International
LFR International (Lay First Responders) is an American international nonprofit organization focused on prehospital emergency medical research and emergency medical services development in sub-Saharan Africa. LFR launches sustainable prehospital emergency care programs in resource-limited settings of low-income countries without formal emergency medical services by collaborating with local governments and stakeholders to train lay first responders.
Phenyl azide
Phenyl azide is an organic compound with the formula C6H5N3.  It is one of the prototypical organic azides.  It is a pale yellow oily liquid with a pungent odor. The structure consists of a linear azide substituent bound to a phenyl group.  The C−N=N angle is approximately 116°. It was discovered in 1864 by Peter Griess by the reaction of ammonia and phenyldiazonium.

Peter Griess
Johann Peter Griess (6 September 1829 – 30 August 1888) was an industrial chemist and an early pioneer of organic chemistry. Griess was influential in the formation of modern dyes, first formulating the diazotization reaction of arylamines.
Glycerol-3-phosphate—glucose phosphotransferase
In enzymology, a glycerol-3-phosphate-glucose phosphotransferase (EC 2.7.1.142) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + D-glucose  glycerol + D-glucose 6-phosphate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and D-glucose, whereas its two products are glycerol and D-glucose 6-phosphate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing groups (phosphotransferases) with an alcohol group as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is sn-glycerol-3-phosphate:D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase.

Glycerol 3-phosphate
sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate is the organic ion with the formula HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OPO32-.  It is one of two stereoisomers of the ester of dibasic phosphoric acid (HOPO32-) and glycerol.  It is a component of bacterial and eukaryotic glycerophospholipids. From a historical reason, it is also known as L-glycerol 3-phosphate, D-glycerol 1-phosphate, L-α-glycerophosphoric acid.
Texas State Highway Spur 601
Texas State Highway Spur 601 or Spur 601 is a 7.4-mile-long (11.9 km) freeway spur route in El Paso County in the U.S. State of Texas. It runs from U.S. Route 54 (US 54) in El Paso eastward to Loop 375 in the Fort Bliss Military Reservation. The construction of this freeway improved access to Biggs Army Airfield and Fort Bliss. The route is officially known as the Liberty Expressway.

Spur route
A spur route is a short road forming a branch from a longer, more important road such as a freeway, Interstate Highway, or motorway. A bypass or beltway is not considered a  spur route as it typically reconnects with another or the same major road.
Open C tuning
Open C tuning is an open tuning for guitar. The open-string notes form a C major chord, which is the triad (C,E,G) having the root note C, the major third (C,E), and the perfect fifth (C,G). When the guitar is strummed without fretting any strings, a C-major chord is sounded. By barring all of the strings for one fret (from one to eleven), one finger suffices to fret the other eleven major-chords.

Musical tuning
In music, there are two common meanings for tuning:

Tuning practice, the act of tuning an instrument or voice.

Tuning systems, the various systems of pitches used to tune an instrument, and their theoretical bases.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Medina County, Texas
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Medina County, Texas.

This is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Medina County, Texas. There are two districts and seven individual properties listed on the National Register in the county. One district includes an individually listed property that is also a State Historic Site, State Antiquities Landmark (SAL), and a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark (RTHL). This district contains several other RTHLs while properties elsewhere in the county include one more SAL and RTHL.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 21, 2025.

Recorded Texas Historic Landmark
Recorded Texas Historic Landmark (RTHL) is a designation awarded by the Texas Historical Commission for historically and architecturally significant properties in the U.S. state of Texas. RTHL is a legal designation and the highest honor the state can bestow on a historic structure. Purchase and display of a historical marker is a required component of the RTHL designation process. Because it is a legal designation, owners of RTHL-designated structures must give 60 days' notice before any alterations are made to the exterior of the structure. Changes that are unsympathetic may result in removal of the designation and historical marker. More than 3,600 RTHL structures are spread throughout the state.
Marouane Hadhoudi
Marouane Hadhoudi (Arabic: مروان الهدهودي; born 13 February 1992) is a Moroccan professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Sabah in the Azerbaijan Premier League and the Morocco national team.

Sabah FK (Azerbaijan)
Sabah Futbol Klubu (pronounced [sɑbɑh]), commonly known as Sabah FK, Sabah FC, or simply Sabah, is a professional football club based in Masazir, Azerbaijan. The team plays in the Azerbaijan Premier League, the top tier of Azerbaijani football league system. Its home ground is the Bank Respublika Arena in Masazir.
1-Bromododecane
1-Bromododecane is a bromoalkane with the formula Br(CH2)11CH3. It is a colorless liquid.  It is used as a long chain alkylating agent to improve the lipophilicity and hydrophobicity of organic molecules for biological applications.

Organobromine chemistry
Organobromine chemistry is the study of the synthesis and properties of organobromine compounds, also called organobromides, which are organic compounds that contain carbon bonded to bromine. The most pervasive is the naturally produced bromomethane.

One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.

A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact.
Glen Wild Methodist Church
Glen Wild Methodist Church is a historic Methodist church on Old Glen Wild Road in Glen Wild, Sullivan County, New York.  It was built in 1867 and is a rectangular, wood-frame building with board and batten siding in a vernacular Gothic Revival style.  It features square based tower, with belfry and steeple, projecting from the front facade.  Also on the property is the former church hall built in 1944.  It is a small, one-story wood-frame L-shaped building.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Sullivan County, New York
Sullivan County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 78,624. The county seat is Monticello. The county's name honors Major General John Sullivan, who was labeled at the time as a hero in the American Revolutionary War in part due to his successful campaign in destroying 40 Iroquois villages and chasing 5,000 of them out of the area (see Sullivan Expedition). The county is part of the Hudson Valley region of the state.

The county was the site of hundreds of Borscht Belt hotels and resorts, which had their heyday from the 1920s through the 1970s.

In 2010, the state's center of population was at the southern edge of Sullivan County.
Bogusławy
Bogusławy [bɔɡuˈswavɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Paradyż, within Opoczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north-west of Paradyż, 17 km (11 mi) west of Opoczno, and 65 km (40 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Opoczno County
Opoczno County (Polish: powiat opoczyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, south-east Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Opoczno, which lies 72 kilometres (45 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Drzewica, lying 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Opoczno.

The county covers an area of 1,038.77 square kilometres (401.1 sq mi). As of 2009 its total population is 78,467, out of which the population of Opoczno is 21,635 (2016), that of Drzewica is 3,913 (2016), and the rural population is 52,006.