hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Parietin
Parietin, or physcion, is the predominant cortical pigment of lichens in the genus Caloplaca, a secondary product of the lichen Xanthoria parietina, and a pigment found in the roots of curled dock (Rumex crispus). It has an orange-yellow color and absorbs blue light.

Parietin has also been shown to protect lichens against UV-B light, at high altitudes in alpine regions. The UV-B light stimulates production of parietin, protecting the lichens from damage. Lichens in arctic regions such as Svalbard retain this capability though they do not encounter damaging levels of UV-B, a capability that could help protect the lichens in case of ozone layer thinning.

It has also shown antifungal activity against barley powdery mildew and cucumber powdery mildew, more efficiently in the latter case than treatments with fenarimol and polyoxin B.

It reacts with KOH to form a deep, reddish-magenta compound.

Erysiphaceae
Erysiphaceae (commonly known as powdery mildews) is a family of ascomycete fungi in the order Helotiales. The members of this family are obligate parasites with a superficial mycelium that forms a characteristic white, powdery coating on their host plants.

The family contains seventeen genera and around a thousand species. Combined they infect over 10,000 species of plants, many of which are commercially valuable.
Huernia macrocarpa
Huernia macrocarpa is a colorful succulent plant related to the milkweeds. This beautiful plant grows to a height of five or six meters, extending fleshy, toothed arms, dark pink star-shaped flowers and small eyes. It is commonly kept as a potted houseplant.

Asclepias
Asclepias is a genus of herbaceous, perennial, flowering plants known as milkweeds, named for their latex, a milky substance containing cardiac glycosides termed cardenolides, exuded where cells are damaged. Most species are toxic to humans and many other species, primarily due to the presence of cardenolides. However, as with many such plants, some species feed upon milkweed leaves or the nectar from their flowers. A noteworthy feeder on milkweeds is the monarch butterfly, which uses and requires certain milkweeds as host plants for its larvae.

The Asclepias genus contains over 200 species distributed broadly across Africa, North America, and South America. It previously belonged to the family Asclepiadaceae, which is now classified as the subfamily Asclepiadoideae of the dogbane family, Apocynaceae.
Pilgrimage (horse)
Pilgrimage (1875–1897) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse. As a two-year-old she was only defeated once and won the Dewhurst Plate. She only raced three times as a three-year-old, winning the 2000 Guineas and 1000 Guineas, before finishing as the runner-up in the Oaks Stakes. After retiring from racing she became a successful broodmare, foaling Oaks winner Canterbury Pilgrim and Derby winner Jeddah.

Epsom Downs Racecourse
Epsom Downs is a Grade 1 racecourse in a hilly area near Epsom in Surrey, England which is used for thoroughbred horse racing. The "Downs" referred to in the name are part of the North Downs.

The course has a crowd capacity of 130,000 including people watching from the Epsom Downs, an area freely open to the public. The course is best known for hosting the Derby Stakes, which has come to be widely referred to as The Derby or as the Cazoo Derby for sponsorship reasons, the United Kingdom's premier thoroughbred horse race for three-year-old colts and fillies, over a mile and a half (2400 m). It also hosts the Oaks Stakes (also widely referred to as The Oaks) for three-year-old fillies, and the Coronation Cup for horses aged four years and upwards. All three races are Group 1 races and run over the same course and distance.

The Chairman of the course since 2022 is Brian Finch.  The course is operated by the Jockey Club.  Queen Elizabeth II attended the Derby in most years of her reign.
Flip (TV series)
Flip is a 2019 Indian Hindi-language anthology thriller miniseries directed by Bejoy Nambiar and Aman Sachdeva starring an ensemble cast featuring Ranvir Shorey and Jim Sarbh. The series was released to negative reviews.

Bejoy Nambiar
Bejoy Nambiar (born 12 April 1979) is an Indian film director, and screenwriter known for his work in Hindi films. He is mostly known for his critically acclaimed short films, Rahu and Reflections, starring Mohanlal. He was the winner of Sony PIX Gateway to Hollywood, as the best director judged by Ashok Amritraj, Rajat Kapoor and Anurag Basu. He marked his feature film debut with the thriller Shaitan (2011). His second feature film was the anthology-drama film David, produced in Hindi and Tamil. His latest film was Taish (2020) was released on ZEE5. He also directed Wazir (2016), starring Amitabh Bachchan and Farhan Akhtar, and a short video 'Sachinocalypse' for All India Bakchod.
Wilfried Bingangoye
Wilfried Bingangoye (born March 25, 1985) is a Gabonese sprinter, specializing in the 100 metres. His personal best time is 10.34 seconds, achieved in August 2009 in Castres.

Participating in the 2004 Summer Olympics, he achieved eighth place in his 100 metres heat, failing to secure qualification to the second round. He did however run his then personal best time of 10.76 seconds. He also competed at the World Championships in 2005, 2007 and 2009. He finished sixth at the 2008 African Championships. Participating in the 2008 Summer Olympics, he achieved sixth place in his 100 metres heat, failing to secure qualification to the second round.  At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he finished third in his preliminary round heat, failing to progress further. At the 2016 Summer Olympics, he finished fifth in his preliminary round heat, and did not advance. Bingangoye has not recorded further competitive results in major international meets.

2008 African Championships in Athletics
The 16th African Championships in Athletics was held in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia, from April 30 to May 4, 2008. The competition venue was the Addis Ababa Stadium. It is the largest Athletics event held in Ethiopia to date. It was the first time in its then 29-year history the African Championships in Athletics were held in Eastern Africa, despite the region's well-documented success in long-distance running.

In the men's 100 m, Nigerians Olusoji Fasuba and Uchenna Emedolu repeated the places from the 2006 edition. On April 30, there was a 35-minute delay to the men's 10,000 metres due to weather, but the Ethiopians dominated the podium and the race, with the missed absence of world champion Kenenisa Bekele.
The Easy Road
The Easy Road is a 1921 American silent drama film directed by Tom Forman and written by Beulah Marie Dix. The film is based upon a story by Blair Hall. The Easy Road stars Thomas Meighan, Gladys George, Grace Goodall, Arthur Edmund Carewe, Lila Lee, Laura Anson, and Viora Daniel. The film was released on February 13, 1921, by Paramount Pictures.

Beulah Marie Dix
Beulah Marie Dix (December 25, 1876 – September 25, 1970) was an American screenwriter of the silent and sound film eras, as well as a playwright and author of novels and children's books. She wrote for more than 55 films between 1917 and 1942. Dix married G. H. Flebbe at St. John's Chapel in Boston, Massachusetts on May 6, 1910.
Somewhere Back in Time
Somewhere Back in Time - The Best of: 1980 - 1989 is a best of release by the English heavy metal band Iron Maiden, containing a selection of songs originally recorded for their first eight albums (including Live After Death).

Paul Di'Anno
Paul Andrews (17 May 1958 – 21 October 2024), better known by his stage name Paul Di'Anno, was an English heavy metal singer. He was the lead vocalist for Iron Maiden from 1978 to 1981. In his post-Maiden career, Di'Anno issued numerous albums over the years, as both a solo artist and as a member of bands such as Gogmagog, Di'Anno's Battlezone, Killers, Rockfellas, and Warhorse.  Together with fellow Iron Maiden member Dennis Stratton, he joined Praying Mantis for the recording of their 1990 live album Live at Last.
135th meridian west
The meridian 135° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, North America, the Pacific Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

The 135th meridian west forms a great circle with the 45th meridian east.

The Alaska Time Zone is based on the mean solar time of this meridian.

Solar time
Solar time is a calculation of the passage of time based on the position of the Sun in the sky. The fundamental unit of solar time is the day, based on the synodic rotation period. Traditionally, there are three types of time reckoning based on astronomical observations: apparent solar time and mean solar time (discussed in this article), and sidereal time, which is based on the apparent motions of stars other than the Sun.
Douglas Stubbs
Douglas Stubbs (1927–2008) was an Australian artist. Born in the country town of Leongatha in South Gippsland, Victoria he arrived in Melbourne as a young man to study at art school. Stubbs studied at the National Gallery School in Melbourne. Best known for his colourful surrealist paintings, frequently of birds, he held the first of several exhibitions in Melbourne in 1964.Sometimes described as "naive art", his highly imaginative works have been displayed in galleries all over the country. Stubbs is considered to be an under-recognised artist.

South Gippsland
South Gippsland, a region of Gippsland in Victoria, Australia, is a well-watered region consisting of low, rolling hills descending to the coast in the south and the Latrobe Valley in the north. It is part of the larger Gippsland Basin bioregion.
Therese Muldowney
Therese Muldowney (born 1987) is a camogie player and social worker, who played in the 2009 All Ireland camogie final. Therese has won Under-16 and Minor provincial titles with Kilkenny as well as a schools All- Ireland in the Senior 'B' grade. Her brother, Ciarán, is a well-known trainer and club player with Conahy Shamrocks, and she made her senior debut in 2009.

2009 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship
The 2009 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship—known as the Gala All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship for sponsorship reasons— was the high point of the 2009 season in the sport of camogie. It commenced on 20 June 2009 and ended with the final on 13 September 2009. Eight teams competed in the Senior Championship out of twenty-seven who competed overall in the Senior, Intermediate and Junior Championships. The final of the 2009 Senior Championship was contested by Cork—the reigning champions—and Kilkenny at Croke Park on 13 September 2009. The final was available to view worldwide. Cork won the game.
2009 English cricket season
The 2009 English cricket season was the 110th in which the County Championship had been an official competition. Four regular tournaments were played: The LV County Championship (first-class), Friends Provident Trophy (50 Over), NatWest Pro40 League (40 Over) and the Twenty20 Cup (T20). All four tournaments featured the eighteen classic county cricket teams, although the Friends Provident Trophy also featured sides from Ireland and Scotland.

On the international scene England hosted the 2009 ICC World Twenty20. Australia toured England to compete for the Ashes; it was the 74th test series between the two sides with England winning 2–1. The West Indies also toured losing the Wisden Trophy test series 2–0 to England.

2009 World Twenty20
The 2009 ICC World Twenty20 was the second edition of the  Men's T20 World Cup, formerly known as the ICC World Twenty20 that took place in England in June 2009. As before, the tournament featured 12 male teams – nine of the ten Test-playing nations and three associate nations, which earned their places through a qualification tournament. ICC Full member Zimbabwe were expelled from the tournament due to political reasons. Matches were played at three English grounds – Lord's and The Oval in London, and Trent Bridge in Nottingham. The tournament was organised in parallel with the women's tournament, with the men's semi-finals and final being preceded by the semi-finals and final from the women's event. The final took place at Lord's on Sunday 21 June with Pakistan beating Sri Lanka by eight wickets and England beating New Zealand by six wickets in the women's final.
Didang railway station
Didang railway station (Chinese: 迪荡站; pinyin: Dídàng zhàn) is a railway station in Didang Subdistrict, Yuecheng District, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China. It is an intermediate stop on the Xiaoshan–Ningbo railway and is served by trains on the Shaoxing Urban Rail Line service.

Construction started in late 2019. The station opened on 30 December 2022.

Xiaoshan–Ningbo railway
The Xiaoshan–Ningbo railway or Xiaoyong railway (simplified Chinese: 萧甬铁路; traditional Chinese: 蕭甬鐵路; pinyin: Xiāoyǒng tiělù), is a double-track railroad in eastern China between Hangzhou and Ningbo in Zhejiang Province.  Its name in Chinese, the Xiaoyong Line, is named after the railway's two terminal stations, Hangzhou South in Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou on the southern bank of Qiantang River, and Ningbo, whose Chinese character abbreviation is yong. The line is 147.3 km (92 mi) long and was originally built in three parts in 1912, 1914 and 1936; rebuilt in 1959, then electrified in 2009.  Cities along route include Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Shangyu, Yuyao and Ningbo, all in Zhejiang Province. The Hangzhou–Ningbo high-speed railway runs parallel to the line. The section between Ningbo and Zhuangqiao railway station is proposed to be quadruple-tracked.
Tyrian purple
Tyrian purple (Ancient Greek: πορφύρα porphúra; Latin: purpura), also known as royal purple, imperial purple, imperial dye, or simply tyrian, is a reddish-purple natural dye. The name Tyrian refers to the city of Tyre in ancient Phoenicia (modern-day Lebanon). It is secreted by several species of predatory sea snails in the family Muricidae, rock snails originally known by the name Murex (Bolinus brandaris, Hexaplex trunculus and Stramonita haemastoma). In ancient times, extracting this dye involved tens of thousands of snails and substantial labour, and as a result, the dye was highly valued. The coloured compound is 6,6'-dibromoindigo.

Chromophore
A chromophore is the part of a molecule responsible for its color. The word is derived from Ancient Greek  χρῶμᾰ (chroma) 'color' and  -φόρος (phoros) 'carrier of'.
The color that is seen by our eyes is that of the light not absorbed by the reflecting object within a certain wavelength spectrum of visible light. The chromophore is a region in the molecule where the energy difference between two separate molecular orbitals falls within the range of the visible spectrum (or in informal contexts, the spectrum under scrutiny). Visible light that hits the chromophore can thus be absorbed by exciting an electron from its ground state into an excited state. In biological molecules that serve to capture or detect light energy, the chromophore is the moiety that causes a conformational change in the molecule when hit by light.
No. 5 Air Experience Flight RAF
No. 5 Air Experience Flight (5 AEF) is one of thirteen  Air Experience Flights (AEFs) run by the Air Cadet Organisation of the Royal Air Force.  The primary purpose of the AEF organisation is to provide air experience to members of the Air Training Corps, Combined Cadet Force (RAF) Section and occasionally, the Girls Venture Corps Air Cadets and the Air Scouts.

Royal Air Force Air Cadets
The Royal Air Force Air Cadets (RAFAC) is the combined volunteer-military youth organisation sponsored by the Royal Air Force, which is formed by both the Air Training Corps and RAF Sections of the Combined Cadet Force. The organisation is headed by a serving RAF officer, Commandant Air Cadets. The current commandant is Air Commodore Al Lewis. In addition to the Commandant, who is responsible for the organisation’s uniformed activities, RAFAC also has a National Chair, who serves as the senior representative of the trustee pillar; the current incumbent is Mr Stuart Ensor OBE.

Prior to 1 October 2017, the RAFAC was called the Air Cadet Organisation. As of 1 April 2023, the RAFAC had a strength of 42,190 cadets and 10,070 Cadet Force Adult Volunteers (CFAVs), along with ~5,000 trustees. Cadets are aged between 12 and 17 on entry to the organisation, and can remain until they are 18, or with special permission, until they are 20.
Perijá brushfinch
The Perijá brushfinch (Arremon perijanus) is a species of bird in the family Emberizidae.

It lives in the undergrowth of humid forest, especially near edges, at altitudes of 300 to 1,200 metres (980 to 3,940 ft) in the Serranía del Perijá between north-east Colombia and north-west Venezuela.

Emberiza
The buntings are a group of Old World passerine birds forming the genus Emberiza, the only genus in the family Emberizidae. The family contains 44 species. They are seed-eating birds with stubby, conical bills.
HSwMS Draken
Five warships of Sweden have been named Draken, after Draken:

HSwMS Draken (1595), a warship launched in 1595.

HSwMS Draken (1656), a warship launched in 1926 and ran aground in 1677.

HSwMS Draken (1717), a galley launched in 1717.

HSwMS Draken (1926), a Draken I-class submarine launched in 1926 and stricken in 1948.

HSwMS Draken (1960), a Draken II-class submarine launched in 1960 and stricken in 1982.

Draken-class submarine (1960)
The Draken class was a submarine class built for the Swedish Navy from 1960 to 1962. A total of six submarines were delivered. Four of the boats were modernised in 1981–1982. The design was a modified version of the Hajen class with only one shaft with a larger 5-bladed propeller for improved underwater performance and reduced noise. Draken, Vargen, Nordkaparen and Springaren were ordered from Kockums.  Gripen and Delfinen were from Karlskrona. These boats were decommissioned 1988–1990 and were succeeded by the Sjöormen and Näcken-class submarines.

One submarine, HSwMS Nordkaparen, was preserved and can be seen at the Maritiman in Gothenburg.
1938 United States Senate special election in New Jersey
The United States Senate special election of 1938 in New Jersey was held on November 8, 1938.

The vacancy was created when incumbent Senator A. Harry Moore resigned to become Governor of New Jersey. Interim appointee John Gerald Milton did not run in the election.

Former Republican U.S. Senator William Warren Barbour returned to the Senate after defeating Democrat William H. J. Ely, the state administrator of the Works Progress Administration.

William H. J. Ely
William Harvey Johnson Ely (September 8, 1891 – March 2, 1942) was an American jurist and Democratic Party politician from New Jersey who served as a State Senator and the state administrator for the Works Progress Administration. He was the Democratic candidate for the United States Senate in 1938.
Audrey Golden
Audrey Golden is an American writer, journalist, lecturer, and radio presenter. She is a contributing editor at Louder Than War, and her writing has been featured in Maggot Brain (Third Man), The Quietus, Rolling Stone, The Guardian, DIVA magazine, American Book Review, The Irish Times, The Herald, Crack Magazine, Antipodes, and the International League of Antiquarian Booksellers. She is station manager of Louder Than War Radio, where she also presents the show "Breaking Glass" that highlights the work of women in the music industry.

Crack (magazine)
Crack is a monthly independent music and culture magazine distributed across Europe.

Founded in Bristol in the UK in 2009, the magazine has featured Björk, MF Doom, Lil Yachty, FKA twigs, Gorillaz and Queens of the Stone Age on the cover. The same team, still based in Bristol are also involved with the curation of Simple Things Festival there.
Pakistan Single Window
The Pakistan Single Window (PSW) stands as a prominent undertaking spearheaded by Pakistan Customs. Its overarching objective is to diminish the time and expenses associated with conducting business by transitioning Pakistan's cross-border trade into a digital realm, thereby eliminating the need for paper-based manual procedures.

The PSW represents a tangible implementation of trade facilitation principles aimed at mitigating procedural hurdles. It enables international traders engaged in cross-border commerce to submit their information to a single agency instead of navigating the complexities of dealing with multiple agencies spread across various locations. This streamlined approach simplifies the acquisition of essential documents, permits, and clearances necessary for the completion of import or export procedures.

Ministry of Maritime Affairs (Pakistan)
The Ministry of Maritime Affairs (Urdu: وزارت بحری امور), previously known as the Ministry of Ports and Shipping, is a Federal Ministry of the Government of Pakistan. The current Minister for Maritime Affairs is Muhammad Junaid Anwar Chaudhry and the current Federal Secretary for Maritime Affairs is Zafar Ali Shah. The longest-serving Federal Secretary for Ports and Shipping are Muhammad Saleem Khan and Rizwan Ahmed.
The Ministry is headquartered in Islamabad and its main attached departments are in the port city of Karachi.
Saadat Ali Khan I
Saadat Khan Nishapuri (born Mir Muhammad Amin; c. 1680 – 19 March 1739) was the first Nawab of the Kingdom of Awadh from 26 January 1722 to 1739 and the son of Muhammad Nasir. At age 25, he accompanied his father on the final campaign of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb against the Marathas in the Deccan, and the emperor awarded him the title of Khan Bahadur for his service.

Jats
The Jat people (Hindi: [dʒaːʈ], Punjabi: [dʒəʈː]), also spelt Jaat and Jatt, are a traditionally agricultural caste in Northern India and Pakistan. Originally pastoralists in the lower Indus river-valley of Sindh, many Jats migrated north into the Punjab region in late medieval times, and subsequently into the Delhi Territory, northeastern Rajputana, and the western Gangetic Plain in the 17th and 18th centuries. Of Hindu, Muslim and Sikh faiths, they are now found mostly in the Indian states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan and the Pakistani regions of Sindh, Punjab and AJK.

By the 20th century, the landowning Jats became an influential group in several parts of North India, including Punjab, Western Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi. Over the years, several Jats abandoned agriculture in favour of urban jobs, and used their dominant economic and political status to claim higher social status.
Lok-lok
Lok-lok is a dish consisting of various steamboat style foods inclusive of meats and vegetables that are served on a skewer in mobile form.

It is a street food in Malaysia, in cities such as Malacca, Kuching, among others.

Hot pot
Hot pot (traditional Chinese: 火鍋; simplified Chinese: 火锅; pinyin: huǒguō; lit. 'fire pot') or hotpot, also known as steamboat, is a dish of soup or stock kept simmering in a pot by a heat source on the table, accompanied by an array of raw meats, vegetables and soy-based foods which diners quickly cook by dipping in the broth.
Winkburn Hall
Winkburn Hall is a Grade I listed country house which stands at the corner of an estate a few miles north-east of Southwell, Nottinghamshire, off the Hockerton to Kirklington road. It was built for the Burnell family circa 1700 as a two-storey mansion in red brick with ashlar dressing and a hipped slate roof. The original mansard roof has since been converted to an additional third storey.

Southwell, Nottinghamshire
Southwell (/ˈsaʊθwəl, -wɛl/ SOWTH-wəl, -⁠wel, locally also /ˈsʌðəl/ SUDH-əl) is a minster and market town, and a civil parish, in the district of Newark and Sherwood, in Nottinghamshire, England. It is home to the grade-I listed Southwell Minster, the cathedral of the Anglican Diocese of Southwell and Nottingham. The population of the town was recorded at 7,491 in the 2021 census.