hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Calibre (software)
Calibre (/ˈkælɪbər/ KAL-ih-bər) is a cross-platform free and open-source suite of e-book software. Calibre supports organizing existing e-books into virtual libraries, displaying, editing, creating and converting e-books, as well as syncing e-books with a variety of e-readers. The editing of books is supported for EPUB and AZW3 formats. Books in other formats like MOBI must first be converted to those formats, if they are to be edited. Calibre also has a large collection of community contributed plugins.

Dropbox
Dropbox is a file hosting service operated by the American company Dropbox, Inc., headquartered in San Francisco, California, that offers cloud storage, file synchronization, personal cloud, and client software. Dropbox was founded in 2007 by MIT students Drew Houston and Arash Ferdowsi as a startup company, with initial funding from seed accelerator Y Combinator.

Dropbox has experienced criticism and generated controversy for issues including security breaches and privacy concerns.
1910s in Western fashion
The 1910s in Western fashion encompasses styles from 1910 to 1919. Western fashion in this period carries influences from oriental and neoclassical inspirations as well as the subsequent effects of World War I. Over the decade, Women's fashion experienced a shift towards shorter hemlines and dropped waistlines in addition to the more practical garments necessitated by the war. In men's fashion, evening wear largely continued to adhere to previous conventions while trends in informal outerwear continued to evolve. During the period, shifts in fashion made way for styles associated with the Jazz Age of the 1920s.

Spats (footwear)
Spats, a shortening of spatterdashes, or spatter guards are a type of footwear accessory for outdoor wear, covering the instep and the ankle. Spats are distinct from gaiters, which are garments worn over the lower trouser leg as well as the shoe.
Diploschizia impigritella
Diploschizia impigritella, the yellow nutsedge moth or the five-barred glyphipterid moth, is a species of sedge moth in the genus Diploschizia. It was described by James Brackenridge Clemens in 1862. It is found in North America, from Newfoundland to Florida, west to Texas and North Dakota. It has also been recorded from California.

The wingspan is 7–9 mm. Adults are on wing from early May to early November.

The larvae feed on Cyperus esculentus. They bore in the stems and leaf sheaths of their host plant.

James Brackenridge Clemens
James Brackenridge Clemens (31 January 1825, in Wheeling, Virginia – 11 January 1867, in Easton, Pennsylvania) was an American entomologist who specialized in Lepidoptera. He described many new species. His collection of microlepidoptera is in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Parumala Valiya Panayannarkavu Devi Temple
Parumala Valiya Panayannarkavu Devi Temple (Malayalam: പരുമല വലിയ പനയന്നാർകാവ് ദേവി ക്ഷേത്രം) is an ancient Hindu temple dedicated to Sri Badrakali and Lord Shiva, situated on the banks of the Pampa river at Parumala of Pathanamthitta District in Kerala state in India.
The Panaynararkavu Temple is one of the three most important Bhadrakali temples in Kerala. Thirumandhamkunnu Temple in Malabar, Kodungallur Temple in Cochin and Panayannarkavu Temple in Travancore is almost equally important. References to this temple are found in Aithihyamala of Kottarathil Sankunni and Unnuneeli Sandesam, the classics of Malayalam Literature. According to folklore, sage Parashurama has installed the idol of Lord Shiva and devi idol installed by sage Durvasa and Narada in the Treta Yuga. The temple is a part of the 108 famous Shiva temples in Kerala.

Treta Yuga
Treta Yuga (IAST: Tretā-yuga) (Devanagari: त्रेतायुग), in Hinduism, is the second and second-best of the four yugas (world ages) in a Yuga Cycle, preceded by Krita (Satya) Yuga and followed by Dvapara Yuga. Treta Yuga lasts for 1,296,000 years (3,600 divine years).

Treta means 'a collection of three things' in Sanskrit, and is so called because during the Treta Yuga, there were three Avatars of Vishnu that were seen: the fifth, sixth and seventh incarnations as Vamana, Parashurama and Rama, respectively. The bull of Dharma symbolizes that morality stood on three legs during this period. It had all four legs in the Satya Yuga and two in the succeeding Dvapara Yuga. Currently, in the immoral age of Kali, it stands on one leg.
Katja Becker
Katja Becker (born 7 March 1965, also known as Katja Becker-Brandenburg in some older publications) is a German physician and biochemist who has been serving as the president of the German Research Foundation (DFG) since 2020. She had previously been the organization's vice president from 2014 to 2019.

From 2009 to 2012 Becker was the vice president for research at Justus Liebig University in Giessen, Germany. From 2015 to 2017 she was a German representative on the scientific committee of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST).

Giessen
Giessen, spelled Gießen in German (German pronunciation: [ˈɡiːsn̩] ⓘ), is a town in the German state (Bundesland) of Hesse, capital of both the district of Giessen and the administrative region of Giessen. The population is approximately 90,000, with roughly 37,000 university students.

The name comes from Giezzen, as it was first referred to in 1197, which refers to the position of the town between several rivers, lakes and streams. The largest river in Giessen is the Lahn, which divides the town in two parts (west and east), roughly 50 kilometres (31 miles) north of Frankfurt am Main. Giessen is also home to the University of Giessen.

In 1969, the town hosted the ninth Hessentag state festival.
Forest swastika
The forest swastika was a patch of larch trees covering 0.36 ha (0.89 acres) area of pine forest near Zernikow, Uckermark district, Brandenburg, in northeastern Germany, arranged with their light colors to look like a swastika. The swastika was removed by the German government in 2000.

Larch
Larches are deciduous conifers in the genus Larix, of the family Pinaceae. Growing to as much as 60 m (195 ft) tall, they are native to the cooler regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They grow in lowland forests in the far north, and high in mountains further south. Larches are among the dominant plants in the boreal forests of Siberia and Canada, making them the most abundant genus of trees on earth. Larch wood is tough and relatively durable; it is used in boatbuilding, cladding, decking, garden furniture, fencing, and construction. Products extracted from larch include arabinogalactan, rosin, turpentine, and an essential oil.
Phyllis Hyman (album)
Phyllis Hyman is the self-titled solo debut studio album by American soul singer-songwriter Phyllis Hyman. It was released by Buddah Records in 1977. The album charted at number 107 on the Billboard 200 chart.

Betcha by Golly, Wow
"Betcha by Golly, Wow" is a song written by Thom Bell and Linda Creed, originally titled "Keep Growing Strong" and recorded by American actress and singer Connie Stevens under the Bell label in 1970. Stevens' recording runs two minutes and thirty seconds. The composition later became a hit when it was released by the Philadelphia soul group the Stylistics in 1972 under its better known title, "Betcha by Golly, Wow".
Kjetil Ulven
Kjetil Ulven (born 16 November 1967) is a Norwegian ski-orienteering competitor and world champion. He won a gold medal in the relay event at the World Ski Orienteering Championships in Val di Non in 1994, together with Lars Lystad, Harald Svergja and Vidar Benjaminsen. He received a bronze medal in the short distance in Windischgarsten in 1998, and a bronze medal in the middle distance in Borovetz in 2002.

Non Valley
The Non Valley (Italian: Val di Non or Valle di Non; Nones: Val de Nòn; German: Nonstal; Latin: Anaunia) is a valley mainly in the Trentino. Moreover, the Deutsch Nonsberg (also known as simply Nonsberg, Alta Val di Non in italian), a subregion, consists of three primarily German-speaking municipalities in the province of South Tyrol, Northern Italy.

The most populous municipalities in the valley are Cles (the main town), Predaia, Ville d'Anaunia, Novella and Borgo d'Anaunia.

There are a total of 23 municipalities (comune):

The German-speaking Deutschnonsberg municipalities are:

Laurein

Proveis

Unsere Liebe Frau im Walde-St. Felix

The latter comune is connected to the rest of its province by the Gampenpass, while the other two are accessible through a tunnel under the Hofmahdjoch from the rest of South Tyrol since 1998.

The Nones language is named after and spoken in the valley.
Balanagar mandal
Balanagar mandal is one of the 15 mandals in Medchal-Malkajgiri district in the Indian state of Telangana. It is under the administration of Malkajgiri revenue division with its headquarters at Balanagar. The mandal is bounded by Quthbullapur, Serilingampally mandals and Hyderabad district.

Quthbullapur
Quthbullapur is a Town in Hyderabad in the Medchal-Malkajgiri district of the Indian state of Telangana. It is the mandal headquarters of Quthbullapur mandal in Malkajgiri revenue division. The mandal was a part of Ranga Reddy district before the re-organisation of districts in the state. It was a municipality prior to its merger into the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation.
Al-Muqawqis
Al-Muqawqis (Arabic: المقوقس, Coptic: ⲡⲭⲁⲩⲕⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ, ⲡⲓⲕⲁⲩⲕⲟⲥ, romanized: p-khaukianos, pi-kaukos, lit. 'man of the Caucasus') is mentioned in Muslim history as a ruler of Egypt who corresponded with Muhammad. He is widely identified with the last prefect of Egypt, Cyrus of Alexandria, who was the Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria of the second era of Byzantine Egypt (628-642).

An alternative view identifies al-Muqawqis with the governor of Sasanian Egypt, said to be a Greek man named "Kirolos, leader of the Copts", although the Sassanian governor at the time was the military leader named Shahrbaraz.

When being presented with the letter of invitation to Islam by Muhammad, he said he couldn’t risk his kingdom, therefore not accepting Islam. He sent the messenger back with several gifts, including two women, and told his servants not to say anything.

Shahrbaraz
Shahrbaraz (also spelled Shahrvaraz or Shahrwaraz; New Persian: شهربراز) was shah (king) of the Sasanian Empire from 27 April 630 to 9 June 630. He usurped the throne from Ardashir III, and was killed by Iranian nobles after forty days. Before usurping the Sasanian throne he was a spahbed (general) under Khosrow II (590–628). He is furthermore noted for his important role during the climactic Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628, and the events that followed afterwards.
Andrii Nediak
Andrii Nediak (Ukrainian: Андрій Дмитрович Недяк; born 27 March 1963) is a Ukrainian professional football defender who played for Vorskla and Naftokhimik Kremenchuk. Since 2005 he is the director for Ukrainian Second League club Kremin Kremenchuk.

Ukrainian Second League
The Ukrainian Second League (Ukrainian: Друга ліга, Druha Liha) is a professional football league in Ukraine which is part of the Professional Football League of Ukraine, a collective member of the Ukrainian Association of Football. As the third tier it was established in 1992 as the Transitional League and changed its name the next season.

The league is lower than the Ukrainian First League (Persha Liha) and the lowest level of professional football competitions in the country. Since 1996 the league, after being merged with its lower tier (in 1992–1995 there was the Third League), consists of two main regions roughly north-west and south-east. The league's relegated teams lose their professional status and return to their regional associations.
Mavros
Mavros (Greek: Μαύρος, "black"), is an uninhabited Greek islet, in the Aegean Sea, close to the eastern coast of Crete. Administratively it lies within the Itanos municipality of Lasithi. It is also known as Mavronisi, "black island".

Itanos
Itanos (Greek: Ίτανος) is a municipal unit (demotike enoteta) of the municipality (demos) Siteia in the Lasithi regional unit, eastern Crete, Greece. A former municipality itself, it was included in Siteia as part of the 2011 local government reform. The municipal unit has an area of 197.406 km2 (76.219 sq mi). The population was 2,014 in 2021.

The seat of the municipality was in Palaikastro, but now all municipal units are administered from the municipal seat, Siteia. Until 2017 Itanos comprised four local communities (topika koinoteta): Palaikastro, Karydi, Zakros, and Mitato (Μητάτο). Subsequently by Presidential Decree No. 70/207, on recommendation of the Minister of the Interior, and approval by Sitia and Palaikastro, Mitato was abolished, due to its seriously declining population (being a few mountain communities) and its settlements were turned over to Palaikastro.
Sabine Thillaye
Sabine Thillaye (born 18 May 1959) is a French-German entrepreneur and politician who has been serving as a member of the French National Assembly since 18 June 2017, representing the 5th constituency of the departement of Indre-et-Loire. 
She was elected as a member of La République En Marche!, but left the party in 2020 and was one of the 17 initial members of the new Ecology Democracy Solidarity group in the National Assembly.

Indre-et-Loire's 5th constituency
The 5th constituency of Indre-et-Loire is one of five French legislative constituencies in the Indre-et-Loire département.

It consists of the North-West of Tours, the
Canton of Langeais and Canton of Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire and the
communes Neuillé-Pont-Pierre and Neuvy-le-Roi.
Dennis Wojtkiewicz
Dennis Wojtkiewicz (born 1956) is an American Hyperrealist painter and draughtsman.

Wojtkiewicz graduated from Southern Illinois University and is an artist associated with the Hyperrealist movement. He is best known for his large scale renderings of sliced fruit and flowers. Wojtkiewicz relies on traditional oil paint and pastels for his drawings.

Dennis Wojtkeiwicz's work is exhibited in leading fine art galleries from across the world. His work is owned by many leading private, corporate and public collections including the Evanston Museum of Art, Fidelity Investments in Boston and the University of South Dakota.

Hyperrealism (visual arts)
Hyperrealism is a genre of painting and sculpture resembling a high-resolution photograph.  Hyperrealism is considered an advancement of photorealism by the methods used to create the resulting paintings or sculptures.  The term is primarily applied to an independent art movement and art style in the United States and Europe that has developed since the early 1970s. Carole Feuerman is the forerunner in the hyperrealism movement along with Duane Hanson and John De Andrea.
Bob Brady
Robert A. Brady (born April 7, 1945) is an American politician who served as the U.S. representative for Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district from 1998 to 2019. He was the ranking Democrat and Chairman of the United States House Committee on House Administration from 2007 to 2019. He has served as Chairman of the Philadelphia Democratic Party since 1986 and is a registered lobbyist for NBC Universal and Independence Blue Cross.

Ranking member
In United States politics, a ranking member is the most senior member of a congressional or state legislative committee from the minority party.  On many committees the ranking minority member, along with the Chair, serve as ex officio members of all of the committee's subcommittees.

Both the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives use ranking members as part of their legislative structure.

When party control of a legislative chamber changes, a committee's ranking minority member is generally ensured to become the next chairman of the committee, and vice versa.
1989 Great American Bank Classic – Doubles
Patty Fendick and Jill Hetherington were the defending champions but lost in the quarterfinals to Gretchen Magers and Robin White.

Elise Burgin and Rosalyn Fairbank won in the final 4–6, 6–3, 6–3 against Magers and White.

Robin White (tennis)
Robin White (born December 10, 1963) is a former professional tennis player from the United States.

White played on the WTA Tour from 1983 to 1995. She won two singles titles: in Hershey, Pennsylvania, in 1985 and in Auckland in 1992. The highlight of her career was her victory with Gigi Fernández in the US Open women's doubles in 1988. She won 11 other doubles titles, including the US Open mixed doubles in 1989 with Shelby Cannon. She was a finalist in the Australian Open mixed doubles in 1991 and reached the final of the women's doubles in 1994 with Katerina Maleeva.

White's singles record includes wins over Pam Shriver, Hana Mandlíková and Gabriela Sabatini. Her highest rankings were world No. 15 for singles and No. 8 for doubles. She currently is a full-time national coach for women's tennis for the USTA.

She is not related to Anne White, a contemporary on the WTA tour.
ENTel
The Empresa Nacional de Telecomunicaciones (National Telecommunications Enterprise, mostly known for its acronym ENTel) was an Argentine state-owned enterprise which had the monopoly on public telecommunications in the country.

Originally set-up in 1956 during the government of de facto President Pedro Eugenio Aramburu after the nationalization of all the assets and services of the private companies that had operated Argentina's telephone services until that point carried out by Juan Perón. In 1990, the company was liquidated under the Carlos Menem's administration that privatised most of public services and companies in the country, with Telecom and Telefónica taking over the telephone services previously managed by ENTel.

Pedro Eugenio Aramburu
Pedro Eugenio Aramburu Silveti (May 21, 1903 – June 1, 1970) was an Argentine Army general and the de facto President of Argentina from 1955 to 1958. He was a major figure behind the Revolución Libertadora, the military coup against Juan Perón in 1955. He was kidnapped by the left-wing organization Montoneros on May 29, 1970, and then murdered as part of retaliation. He had been involved in the June 1956 execution of Army General Juan José Valle—associated with the Peronist movement— and 26 Peronist militants, after a botched attempt to overthrow his regime.
Alejandro Foxley
Alejandro Tomás Foxley Rioseco (born 26 May 1939 in Viña del Mar) is a Chilean economist and politician. He was the Foreign Minister of Chile from 2006  to 2009 and previously served as Minister of Finance from 1990 to 1994 and leader of the Christian Democrat Party from 1994 to 1996.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Chile)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Chile (Spanish: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores) is the cabinet-level administrative office in charge of planning, directing, coordinating, executing, controlling and informing the foreign policy formulated by the President of Chile. It is located in the Edificio José Miguel Carrera at Plaza de la Constitución (Constitution Square), in downtown Santiago.

The present minister of foreign affairs (who is also known colloquially as Chancellor) is Alberto van Klaveren.
1943 Ashford by-election
The 1943 Ashford by-election was held on 10 February 1943.  The by-election was held due to the appointment of the incumbent Conservative MP, Patrick Spens, as Chief Justice of India. It was won by the Conservative candidate Edward Percy Smith.

Chief Justice of India
The Chief Justice of India (CJI) is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of India and the highest-ranking officer of the Indian judiciary. The Constitution of India grants power to the president of India to appoint the chief justice, as recommended by the outgoing chief justice in consultation with other judges of the Supreme Court.The chief justice serves until the age of 65 or if removed early by the constitutional process of impeachment. The chief justice ranks sixth in the Order of precedence in India. As head of the Supreme Court, the chief justice is responsible for the allocation of cases and other administrative functions of the Court.

Surya Kant is the incumbent and 53rd chief justice of India, and was appointed on 24th November 2025.
Hypoxia (album)
Hypoxia is Kathryn Williams tenth album and was released by One Little Indian on 15 June 2015. The songs were initially conceived as a result of a 2013 writing commission from New Writing North in conjunction with the Durham Book Festival's 50th anniversary celebration of the publication of Sylvia Plath's 'The Bell Jar' novel.

Kathryn performed five songs at the festival and completed writing the project whilst touring her 'Crown Electric' release.  "So I was writing the songs in Travelodges and on the side of the A1 in between gigs. Those were some dark days with only the sound of the motorway and a Little Chef to drown my sorrows in,"

The Scottish Herald wrote the album was "a collection of rare eloquence and spectacular beauty" with Clash Magazine concluding "By inhabiting and responding to a genuinely significant work of literature, Williams has produced her own spellbinding work of art"

The Bell Jar
The Bell Jar is the only novel written by the American writer and poet Sylvia Plath. Originally published under the pseudonym "Victoria Lucas" in 1963, the novel is supposedly semi-autobiographical, with the names of places and people changed. The book is often regarded as a roman à clef because the protagonist's descent into mental illness parallels Plath's own experiences with what may have been clinical depression. Plath died by suicide a month after its first UK publication.

The novel was published under Plath's name for the first time in 1966. It was not published in the United States until 1971, in accordance with the wishes of both Plath's husband Ted Hughes and her mother. In the United States, the book became an instant best-seller, and has since been translated into more than forty languages.
Cellular confinement
Cellular confinement systems (CCS)—also known as geocells—are widely used in construction for erosion control, soil stabilization on flat ground and steep slopes, channel protection, and structural reinforcement for load support and earth retention. Typical cellular confinement systems are geosynthetics made with ultrasonically welded high-density polyethylene (HDPE) strips or novel polymeric alloy (NPA)—and expanded on-site to form a honeycomb-like structure—and filled with sand, soil, rock, gravel or concrete.

Structural load
A structural load or structural action is a mechanical load (more generally a force) applied to structural elements. A load causes stress, deformation, displacement or acceleration  in a structure. Structural analysis, a discipline in engineering, analyzes the effects of loads on structures and structural elements. Excess load may cause structural failure, so this should be considered and controlled during the design of a structure. Particular  mechanical structures—such as aircraft, satellites, rockets, space stations, ships, and submarines—are subject to their own particular structural loads and actions. Engineers often evaluate structural loads based upon published regulations, contracts, or specifications.  Accepted technical standards are used for acceptance testing and inspection.
Inge King
Ingeborg Viktoria "Inge" King AM (née Neufeld; 26 November 1915 – 23 April 2016) was a German-born Australian sculptor. She received many significant public commissions. Her work is held in public and private collections. Her best known work is Forward Surge (1974) at the Melbourne Arts Centre. She became a Member of the Order of Australia in January 1984.

National Gallery of Australia
The National Gallery of Australia (NGA), formerly the Australian National Gallery, is the national art museum of Australia as well as one of the largest art museums in Australia, holding more than 166,000 works of art. Located in Canberra in the Australian Capital Territory, it was established in 1967 by the Australian Government as a national public art museum. As of 2022 it is under the directorship of Nick Mitzevich.