hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Africa Movie Academy Award for Best Nigerian Film
The Africa Movie Academy Award for Best Nigerian Film is an annual merit by the Africa Film Academy to recognize the best Nollywood film for the year. It was introduced in the 2007 edition as "Best Nigerian Film" but was renamed as "Heart of Africa" award in the 4th to 6th editions. Since the 7th edition, it has been renamed again to "Best Nigerian Film".

Nollywood
Nollywood, a portmanteau of Nigeria and Hollywood, is a sobriquet that originally referred to the Nigerian film industry. The origin of the term goes back to the early 2000s, traced to an article in The New York Times. Due to the history of evolving meanings and contexts, there is no clear or agreed-upon definition for the term, which has made it a subject of several controversies.
MTV Video Music Awards Latinoamérica 2004
The annual MTV Video Music Awards Latinoamérica 2004 took place on October 21, 2004 in Miami at the Jackie Gleason Theater for the third time in a row.

Paulina Rubio was the first woman to host the awards.

Molotov (band)
Molotov is a Mexican rock band formed in Mexico City in 1995. Their lyrics, which are rapped and sung by all members of the group, feature a mixture of Spanish and English. The band members also switch instruments and roles depending on what song they are performing. Most of the group's songs are best known for their content of political satire and social criticism towards the Mexican government and society, which led them to be a subject of censorship at the beginning of their career. Molotov are one of the best-selling Latin bands of all-time, having sold more than four million copies of their albums worldwide. Although some media outlets describe them as one of the most irreverent in their genre, they are still considered one of the best in contemporary rock en español.
Chromocyphella muscicola
Chromocyphella muscicola is a species of fungus in the family Hymenogastraceae. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are cyphelloid, cup-shaped, about 4 mm across, with an upper surface covered with fine hairs and a smooth underside.

It was first described as Cyphella muscicola by Elias Fries in 1822, and was transferred to the newly erected genus, Chromocyphella, in 1959 by Marinus Anton Donk.

Basidiocarp
In fungi, a basidiocarp, basidiome, or basidioma (pl. basidiomata) is the sporocarp of a basidiomycete, the multicellular structure on which the spore-producing hymenium is borne. Basidiocarps are characteristic of the hymenomycetes; rusts and smuts do not produce such structures. As with other sporocarps, epigeous (above-ground) basidiocarps that are visible to the naked eye (especially those with a more or less agaricoid morphology) are commonly referred to as mushrooms, while hypogeous (underground) basidiocarps are usually called false truffles.
Cochlear aqueduct
Medial to the opening for the carotid canal and close to its posterior border, in front of the jugular fossa, is a triangular depression; at the apex of this is a small opening, the aquaeductus cochleae (or cochlear aqueduct, or aqueduct of cochlea), which lodges a tubular prolongation of the dura mater establishing a communication between the perilymphatic space and the subarachnoid space, and transmits a vein from the cochlea to join the internal jugular vein. The cochlear aqueduct lies perpendicular to the petrous apex, in contrast with the vestibular aqueduct, which lies parallel to the petrous apex.

Perilymph
Perilymph is an extracellular fluid located within the inner ear. It is found within the scala tympani and scala vestibuli of the cochlea.  The ionic composition of perilymph is comparable to that of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. The major cation in perilymph is sodium, with the values of sodium and potassium concentration in the perilymph being 138 mM and 6.9 mM, respectively. It is also named Cotunnius' liquid and liquor cotunnii for Domenico Cotugno.
Kenton Hotel
The Kenton Hotel is a historic hotel in Portland, Oregon, United States.  It was built in 1909, added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 16, 1990, and identified as a contributing resource in the Kenton Commercial Historic District when the district was added to the National Register on September 3, 2001.

Kenton Commercial Historic District
The Kenton Commercial Historic District is a historic district in north Portland, Oregon's Kenton neighborhood, in the United States. The district is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Science and technology in Ukraine
Science and technology in Ukraine has its modern development and historical origins in the 18th and 19th centuries and is associated, first of all, with the Kyiv Mohyla Academy, University of Kyiv and University of Kharkiv. The founding of Ukraine's main research institution, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, in 1918 by Volodymyr Vernadsky marked an important milestone in the country's subsequent scientific and technological development.

Ukraine's space science advanced rapidly in the aftermath of World War II, with Korolyov and Chelomey leading the rocket and spaceflight development in the Soviet Union during the Space Race.

Ukraine was ranked 66th in the Global Innovation Index in 2025, down from 57th in 2023, and 49th in 2021.

Marchenko–Pastur distribution
In the mathematical theory of random matrices, the Marchenko–Pastur distribution, or Marchenko–Pastur law, describes the asymptotic behavior of singular values of large rectangular random matrices.  The theorem is named after Soviet Ukrainian mathematicians Volodymyr Marchenko and Leonid Pastur who proved this result in 1967.

If  denotes a  random matrix whose entries are independent identically distributed random variables with mean 0 and variance  , let

and let  be the eigenvalues of  (viewed as random variables).  Finally, consider the random measure

counting the number of eigenvalues in the subset  included in .

Theorem.  Assume that  so that the ratio .  Then  (in weak* topology in distribution), where

and

with

The Marchenko–Pastur law also arises as the free Poisson law in free probability theory, having rate  and jump size .
Montréal Carsteel FC
Montréal Carsteel FC (later known as Cancar FC) was a Canadian soccer club based in Montréal, Québec. They were one-time Dominion of Canada Football Championships winners, lifting the Challenge Trophy in 1948. They were recognized by the Canada Soccer Hall of Fame as an Organisation of Distinction.

Over the course of their soccer history, Carsteel FC played in several leagues and competitions and were at times either a professional or amateur club. They were renamed Cancar FC in 1949 and they played their last major season in 1953. The soccer team was owned (and named after) the Canadian Car and Foundry.

Wrote Winnipeg sports journalist Vince Leah in 1943, "you can name the famous Canadian soccer teams on one hand... Westminster Royals, Toronto Ulster, Montréal Carsteel and United Weston."

1948 Dominion of Canada Football Championship
The 1948 Dominion of Canada Football Championship was the 27th staging of the Canada Soccer's domestic football club competition. Montréal Carsteel FC won the Challenge Trophy for the first time, beating Vancouver St. Andrews FC in a best-of-three final in Toronto from 7-11 August 1948.

On the road to the Canadian Final, Montréal Carsteel FC beat Montréal Stelco FC in the Québec section and then beat Toronto Greenbacks in the Eastern Final at Montréal.
Etringus
Etringus is an extinct genus of prehistoric marine herring that lived during the Upper Miocene subepoch. It contains a single species, E. scintillans, known from the Modelo and Puente Formations of the Los Angeles Basin in California, US. It is known from both articulated skeletons and isolated scales.

Puente Formation
The Puente Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the middle to upper Miocene epoch of the Neogene period, most of which were deposited in a deepwater environment. Owing to its depositional environment, it is one of the very few geologic formations to preserve articulated specimens of fossilized deep-sea anglerfish.

As its name suggests, it primarily outcrops in the Puente Hills.
Anglican Diocese of Aba Ngwa North
The Anglican Diocese of Aba Ngwa North is one of nine dioceses within the Anglican Province of Aba, itself one of 14 ecclesiastical provinces within the Church of Nigeria. The current bishop is the Right Rev. Nathan Kanu.

The diocese was established in 2007 and the pioneer bishop was John Ezirim. After his death in 2008, Nathan Kanu was consecrated as the second bishop on 29 April 2009.

Church of Nigeria
The Church of Nigeria, officially styled the Church of Nigeria (Anglican Communion), is the Anglican church in Nigeria. The church claims to be the second-largest province in the Anglican Communion, as measured by baptised membership (not by attendance), after the Church of England with 18 million members.

Since 2002 the Church of Nigeria has been organised into 14 ecclesiastical provinces. It has rapidly increased the number of its dioceses and bishops from 91 in 2002 to 161 as at January 2013 and 176 from September 2025. The administrative headquarters are located in Abuja. Archbishop Henry Ndukuba became its primate in 2020.
Humjoli
Humjoli (transl. Fellow) is a 1970 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film, produced by Prasan Kapoor under the Tirupati Pictures banner and directed by T. R. Ramanna. The film stars Jeetendra, Leena Chandavarkar, and is music composed by Laxmikant Pyarelal. It is a remake of the Tamil film Panakkara Kudumbam (1964).

Laxmikant–Pyarelal
Laxmikant–Pyarelal (also known as L-P) were an Indian composer duo, consisting of Laxmikant Shantaram Kudalkar (1937–1998) and Pyarelal Ramprasad Sharma (born 1940). In their career span, stretching from 1963 to 1998, they composed music for about 750 movies, working with several prominent film-makers.
Mount Wuling
Mount Wuling (Chinese: 雾灵山; pinyin: Wùlíng Shān) is a mountain located at the border of Xinglong County, Chengde, Hebei Province and Miyun District, Beijing. It is the main peak of Yan Mountains, with a height of 2118 m above sea level.

The mount raised during the Yanshanian movement period; Yanshanian syenites are usually found in the main part of it. The soil developed from granite residual soil. Its average temperature is 7.9 °C.

Xinglong County
Xinglong County (simplified Chinese: 兴隆县; traditional Chinese: 興隆縣; pinyin: Xīnglóng Xiàn) is a county in the northeast of Hebei province, bordering the municipalities of Beijing to the west and Tianjin to the southwest. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Chengde, with a population of 270,000 residing in an area of 3,116 km2 (1,203 sq mi).
Giacomo Andrea da Ferrara
Giacomo Andrea da Ferrara (also known as Iacomo Andrea; died 12 May 1500) was an architect from Ferrara and the author on a commentary on Vitruvius. Very little is known about him; his name did not appear on any buildings in Milan.

Luca Pacioli wrote that Giacomo Andrea was almost like a brother to Leonardo da Vinci. Giacomo Andrea, active by the 1480s, drew a prototypical Vitruvian Man which may have served as the basis for Leonardo's drawing, or may have been conceived alongside it as a collaborative effort.

Giacomo Andrea was very loyal to the Sforza family. After the occupation of Milan by the French, he is said to have plotted against the French. He was put on trial and sentenced to death. Archbishop Pallavicini attempted to plead for his innocence. Giacomo Andrea was publicly beheaded on 12 May 1500. His body was quartered and placed on four different gates of the city. Leonardo da Vinci did not plot against the French, but instead went into their service.

Luca Pacioli
Luca Bartolomeo de Pacioli, O.F.M. (sometimes Paccioli or Paciolo; c. 1447 – 19 June 1517) was an Italian mathematician, Franciscan friar, collaborator with Leonardo da Vinci, and an early contributor to the field now known as accounting. He is referred to as the father of accounting and bookkeeping and he was the first person to publish a work on the double-entry system of book-keeping on the continent. He was also called Luca di Borgo after his birthplace, Borgo Sansepolcro, Tuscany.
Sandrea Ng Shy Ching
Sandrea Ng Shy Ching is a Malaysian politician who has served as Member of the Perak State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Barisan Nasional (BN) state administration under Menteri Besar Saarani Mohamad since November 2022 and Member of the Perak State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Teja since May 2018. She is a member of the People's Justice Party (PKR), a component party of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition. She is the Deputy Communication Director, Women Deputy Chief and Women Treasurer of PKR of Perak.

Perak State Executive Council
The Perak State Executive Council is the executive authority of the Government of Perak, Malaysia. The council comprises the Menteri Besar, appointed by the Sultan on the basis that he is able to command a majority in the Perak State Legislative Assembly, a number of members made up of members of the Assembly, the state secretary, the state legal adviser and the state financial officer.

This council is similar in structure and role to the Cabinet of Malaysia, while being smaller in size. As federal and state responsibilities differ, there are a number of portfolios that differ between the federal and state governments.

Members of the council are selected by the Menteri Besar, appointed by the sultan. The council has no ministry, but instead a number of committees; each committee will take care of certain state affairs, activities and departments. Members of the council are always the chair of a committee.
Cerro Maravilla
Cerro Maravilla is Puerto Rico's fourth highest peak at 1,205 meters (3,953 ft). It is located on the northern edge Barrio Anón in Ponce, close to the border with the municipality Jayuya, and is part of the Cordillera Central (Central Mountain Range). It is known as El Cerro de los Mártires ("Mountain of the Martyrs") and characterized as the most infamous peak in Puerto Rico, due to the 1978 Cerro Maravilla murders which took place here.

Anón
Anón (Barrio Anón) is one of the 31 barrios in the municipality of Ponce, Puerto Rico.  Along with Marueño,  Coto Laurel, Guaraguao, Quebrada Limon, Real, and San Patricio, and the coastal barrios of Canas and Capitanejo, Anón is one of the municipality's nine bordering barrios. Anón borders the municipalities of Jayuya and Juana Diaz. The name of this barrio is of native indigenous origin. It was founded in 1878. Barrio Anón is one of three Ponce barrios (the others are Barrio Guaraguao and Barrio San Patricio) located on the Cordillera Central mountain range.
Irreligion in Italy
Irreligion in Italy includes all citizens of Italy that are atheist, agnostic, or otherwise irreligious. Approximately 12% of Italians are irreligious, and no affiliation is the second most common religious demographic in Italy after Christianity. Freedom of religion in Italy was guaranteed by the Constitution of Italy following its enactment in 1948. Until then, the Catholic Church was the official state church of Italy. The latest data in 2020, from a large study financed by the Italian Catholic Bishops Conference, concluded that 30% of the population was atheist, being around 18 million people. Moreover, in 2023, regular Church and mass attendance dropped to 18.8%, which represented 11.28 million Italians, while other research in 2024 showed only 15.8% were regular churchgoers.

Irreligion
Irreligion is the absence or rejection of religious beliefs or practices. It encompasses a wide range of viewpoints drawn from various philosophical and intellectual perspectives, including atheism, agnosticism, religious skepticism, rationalism, secularism, and non-religious spirituality. These perspectives can vary, with individuals who identify as irreligious holding diverse beliefs about religion and its role in their lives.

Relatively little scholarly research was published on irreligion until around the year 2010.
Lorna Clarke
Lorna Clarke is an Australian politician from the Labor Party who is member of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly for the electoral district of Butler. She won her seat at the 2025 Western Australian state election.

Western Australian Legislative Assembly
The Western Australian Legislative Assembly, or lower house, is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of Western Australia, an Australian state. The Parliament sits in Parliament House in the Western Australian capital, Perth.

The Legislative Assembly today has 59 members, elected for four-year terms from single-member electoral districts.  Members are elected using the preferential voting system. As with all other Australian states and territories, voting is compulsory for all Australian citizens over the legal voting age of 18.
Bubba Carpenter
Charles Sydney "Bubba" Carpenter (born July 23, 1968) is an American former professional baseball outfielder and designated hitter. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Colorado Rockies, and in the KBO League for the Hyundai Unicorns in the 2000 season.

Designated hitter
The designated hitter (DH) is a baseball player who bats in place of the pitcher. Unlike other players in a team's lineup, they generally only play as an offensive player and usually do not play defense as a fielder or a pitcher during a game. Due to their specialized offensive-only role, the designated hitter is generally expected to produce above average offensive stats and production compared to other players who play defense.

In Major League Baseball, the position is authorized by Rule 5.11 of the Official Baseball Rules. It was adopted by the American League in 1973 and by the National League in 2022, making it universal in MLB. Within that time frame, nearly all amateur, collegiate, and professional leagues worldwide adopted the designated hitter or some variant, a major exception being Nippon Professional Baseball's Central League, which plans to adopt it in 2027.
Sleep (Sher-Gil)
Sleep, also called Indu's Nude or Nude of Indira, is an oil on canvas painting by Amrita Sher-Gil, completed in 1933. It depicts a view from above of Sher-Gil's younger sister Indira, naked and lying on a white sheet at a diagonal, and with one raised arm. Just beneath her is a shawl depicting a dragon, whose body appears to flow in parallel with the flow of her hair and body curves.

Sher-Gil started the painting in 1932 in Paris while also painting a view from the top of Notre-Dame de Paris. Later, it was nearly sold to Nawab Salar Jung and was subsequently displayed at her solo exhibition at Faletti's Hotel in Lahore, British India, in 1937. In 1940, the painting was one of six of her works displayed at the Indian Academy of Fine Arts' Amritsar Exhibition. In 2007, it was shown at the Tate Gallery in London.

Although Sher-Gil and National Congressman Diwan Chaman Lall tried to sell the painting, it remained unsold, and is housed in the National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi.

Faletti's Hotel
Faletti's Hotel is a historical hotel in Lahore, Pakistan, which was opened in 1880 during the British Raj by an Italian, Giovanni Faletti. It was closed in the late 1990s for privatisation and re-opened in June 2013 after undergoing a major refurbishment.

From its 1880 opening until the establishment of modern 5-star hotels in Pakistan in the 1970s, Faletti's was considered to be the most prestigious hotel in Pakistan.
Victor Odlum
Major General Victor Wentworth Odlum, CB, CMG, DSO (21 October 1880 – 4 April 1971) was a Canadian journalist, soldier, and diplomat. He was a prominent member of the business and political elite of Vancouver, British Columbia from the 1920s until his death in 1971. He was a newspaper publisher, a Liberal MLA from 1924 to 1928, co-founder of the Non-Partisan Association in 1937, temperance advocate, one of the first directors on the board of governors that oversaw the new Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, and a Canadian ambassador. He fought in the Second Boer War, World War I and World War II.

Second Battle of Ypres
The Second Battle of Ypres was fought from 22 April – 25 May 1915, during the First World War, for control of the tactically valuable high ground to the east and the south of the Flemish town of Ypres, in western Belgium. The First Battle of Ypres had been fought the previous autumn. The Second Battle of Ypres was the occasion of the first mass use by Germany of poison gas on the Western Front.
Babette Babich
Babette Babich (born 14 November 1956, New York City) is an American philosopher who writes from a continental perspective on aesthetics, philosophy of science, especially Nietzsche's, and technology, especially Martin Heidegger's and Günther Anders, in addition to critical and cultural theory.

Ludwik Fleck
Ludwik Fleck (Polish: [ˈludvik ˈflɛk]; Hebrew: לודוויק פלק; 11 July 1896 – 5 June 1961) was a Polish and Israeli physician and biologist who did important work in epidemic typhus in Lwów, Poland, with Rudolf Weigl and in the 1930s developed the concepts of "Denkstil" ("thought style") and "Denkkollektiv" ("thought collective").

Fleck's concept of "thought collective" is important in the philosophy of science and in logology (the "science of science"), helping explain how scientific ideas change over time, much as in Thomas Kuhn's later notion of "paradigm shift" (on Fleck's possible influence on Kuhn, see Jarnicki and Greif) and in Michel Foucault's concept of "episteme".

Fleck's account of the development of facts at the intersection of active elements of a thought collective and the passive resistances of nature provides a way of considering the culture of modern science as evolutionary and evidence-oriented.
Tsai Yi-lin
Tsai Yi-lin (Chinese: 蔡佾霖, born (1987-03-29)29 March 1987), nicknamed "Mayaman" (Chinese: 馬雅人) in PTT, is a Taiwanese historian, teacher, archaeologist, and writer who specializes in history of the Maya civilization and the history of the Tang dynasty. He was an active member of PTT and had participated in "ancient" (Chinese: 古文明板) and "Gossiping" (Chinese: 八卦板) forums. He was known for his knowledgeable posts about Maya civilization and historical research. Currently, Tsai is a history teacher at BTS (Chinese: 無界塾), an alternative education institution in Taiwan.

PTT Bulletin Board System
PTT Bulletin Board System (PTT, Chinese: 批踢踢實業坊; pinyin: Pītītī Shíyè Fāng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Phi-thek-thek Si̍t-gia̍p-hong) is the largest terminal-based bulletin board system (BBS) based in Taiwan. It was founded by Yi-Chin Tu and other students from the National Taiwan University in 1995 as Professional Technology Temple, and it is currently administered by the Electronic BBS Research Society as a non-commercial and open-source BBS.

PTT has more than 1.5 million registered users, with over 150,000 users online during peak hours. The BBS has over 20,000 boards covering a multitude of topics, and more than 20,000 articles and 500,000 comments are posted every day.
William Oswald Mills
William Oswald Mills Sr. (August 12, 1924 – May 24, 1973), was a Republican U.S. congressman who represented the 1st congressional district of Maryland from May 25, 1971, until his death in Easton, Maryland, on May 24, 1973.

Maryland's 1st congressional district
Maryland's 1st congressional district encompasses the entire Eastern Shore of Maryland, including Salisbury, as well as Harford County and parts of Baltimore County; it is the largest congressional district in the state geographically, covering all of 10 counties and part of an 11th.

The district is currently represented by Republican Andy Harris, who defeated Democratic incumbent Frank M. Kratovil Jr. in 2010. The district was the subject of a 2014 boycott following legislation Harris introduced nullifying a District of Columbia law de-criminalizing possession of marijuana. With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of R+8, it is the only Republican district in Maryland.