hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Test stub
A test stub is a test double that provides static values to the software under test.

A test stub provides canned answers to calls made during the test, usually not responding at all to anything outside what's programmed in for the test.

A stub may be coded by hand, generated via a tool or be created as a dedicated part of a larger system such as a stub server or service.

Stubs differ from mock objects, which assert and verify interactions. Stubs only supply data.

Canned response
A canned response or canned reply is a predetermined response to a common question.

In fields such as technical support, canned responses to frequently asked questions may be an effective solution for both the customer and the technical adviser, as they offer the possibility to provide a quick answer to common inquiries while requiring little human intervention.

Improperly used, canned responses can prove frustrating to users by providing inadequate answers.
Robert Hovenden
Robert Hovenden D.D. (1544–1614) was an English academic administrator at the University of Oxford.

Hovenden was elected Warden (head) of All Souls College, Oxford in 1571, a post he held until 1614.
During his time as Warden of All Souls College, he was also Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University during 1582–3.
Hovenden was a humanist, undertook building work for All Souls College, and produced strip maps of the College estates.

Warden (college)
Warden is a title used by the heads of some university colleges, halls of residence, and other institutions. Its use in this sense dates back at least to the 13th century at Merton College, Oxford, as a translation of the Latin custos.
Michelle (name)
Michelle is a given name, originally a variant of Michèle, the French feminine form of Michel, derived from the Hebrew name Michael meaning "Who is like God?". The usual Latin feminine form of the name was Michaela, with Michael the vernacular form for both men and women. The name was given in reference to the archangel Michael, a saint of the Roman Catholic Church. The usual French feminine form of the name was Micheline. The name Michelle was rare until the 20th century. It became a popular name in France and later throughout the Anglosphere after 1930, popularized by French-born film actress Michèle Morgan, who was born Simone Roussel. The name was further popularized by the 1965 hit Beatles song "Michelle".  The name peaked in usage for American girls in 1968, when it was among the five most popular names for newborn girls. The name has since declined in popularity but remains in regular use in English-speaking as well as French-speaking countries.

It is also a surname.

Quis ut Deus?
Quis ut Deus? (or Quis sicut Deus?), a Latin sentence meaning "Who [is] like God?", is a literal translation of the name Michael (Hebrew: מִיכָאֵל, transliterated Micha'el or Mîkhā'ēl).

The sentence Quis ut Deus? is particularly associated with Archangel Michael. In art, St. Michael is often represented as an angelic warrior, fully armed with helmet, sword, and shield, as he overcomes Satan, sometimes represented as a dragon and sometimes as a man-like figure. The shield at times bears the inscription: Quis ut Deus, the translation of the archangel's name, but capable also of being seen as his rhetorical and scornful question to Satan.

The Scapular of St. Michael the Archangel also bears this phrase.
Laugh It Up, Fuzzball: The Family Guy Trilogy
Laugh It Up, Fuzzball: The Family Guy Trilogy consists of three episodes of the American animated sitcom Family Guy. The episodes are a crossover and parody retelling of the Star Wars original trilogy, consisting of the films Star Wars (1977), The Empire Strikes Back (1980), and Return of the Jedi (1983). The first episode, "Blue Harvest" (2007), was released to commemorate the original film's 30th anniversary. Due to its success, it was followed by two direct-to-video sequels: "Something, Something, Something, Dark Side" (2009) and "It's a Trap!" (2010), which were subsequently aired on television in edited versions, omitting most profanity and sexual references. The trilogy was released on Blu-ray and DVD in the United States on December 21, 2010. Its title comes from a phrase Han Solo said to Chewbacca in The Empire Strikes Back as the latter was laughing at the former.

Profanity
Profanity, also known as swearing, cursing, or cussing, is the usage of notionally offensive words for a variety of purposes, including to demonstrate disrespect or negativity, to relieve pain, to express a strong emotion (such as anger, excitement, or surprise), as a grammatical intensifier or emphasis, or to express informality or conversational intimacy. In many formal or polite social situations, it is considered impolite (a violation of social norms), and in some religious groups it is considered a sin. Profanity includes slurs, but most profanities are not slurs, and there are many insults that do not use swear words.

Swear words can be discussed or even sometimes used for the same purpose without causing offense or being considered impolite if they are obscured (e.g. "fuck" becomes "f***" or "the f-word") or substituted with a minced oath like "flip".
Gian Stone
Gian Stone is an American songwriter and record producer from New York City. He topped the Billboard Hot 100 Producer Chart in May 2020, following his production work on Justin Bieber and Ariana Grande's number one-single "Stuck with U".

His other credits include Maroon 5's "Girls Like You", Marshmello and Halsey's "Be Kind", and the Jonas Brothers "Like It's Christmas", as well as songs for John Legend, Zayn, Rosé, Teddy Swims, J-Hope, NBA YoungBoy, Le Sserafim, Meghan Trainor, The Roots, Ava Max, and T-Pain, among others. He has vocal produced for artists including Katy Perry, Madonna, Dua Lipa, Miley Cyrus, Jonas Brothers, Selena Gomez, Ellie Goulding, SZA, Bebe Rexha, Maroon 5, Keith Urban, Teddy Swims, Lewis Capaldi, and Rufus Du Sol.

He was nominated for a Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical Grammy Award in 2018 for his work on Head Over Heels by Chromeo, and a Grammy Award for Album of the Year in 2021 for his work on Justin Bieber's Justice.

Chromeo
Chromeo is a Canadian electro-funk duo from Montreal, formed in 2002 by musicians David "Dave 1" Macklovitch and Patrick "P-Thugg" Gemayel. Their sound draws from soul music, dance music, rock, synth-pop, disco and funk.

As of 2024, the band has released six studio albums, with three of them hitting the Billboard 200 charts. In 2018, Chromeo received their first Grammy Award nomination for Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical for their album Head over Heels.
Milęcice
Milęcice [milɛnˈt͡ɕit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubomierz, within Lwówek Śląski County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

During World War II, in 1945, the Germans established and operated a subcamp of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp in the village, in which 400 men were imprisoned, mostly Jews, but also Poles, French, and Germans, all transported from the Auschwitz concentration camp.

Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship (Polish: województwo dolnośląskie, [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ dɔlnɔˈɕlɔ̃skjɛ] ⓘ) in southwestern Poland, is one of the 16 voivodeships (provinces) into which Poland is divided. It covers an area of 19,946 square kilometres (7,701 sq mi) and as of 2019 has a total population of 2,899,986.

It is one of the wealthiest provinces in Poland, as natural resources such as copper, brown coal and rock materials are widely present.

Its capital and largest city is Wrocław, situated on the Oder River. The voivodeship is host to several spa towns, many castles and palaces, and the Giant Mountains, with several ski resorts. For this reason, tourism is a large part of this region's economy.
Drowning in Limbo
Drowning in Limbo is a compilation album by the singer-songwriter Lydia Lunch, released in 1989 through Widowspeak Productions. It contains the EPs The Drowning of Lucy Hamilton and In Limbo, neither of which had been previously released on CD.

Lydia Lunch
Lydia Lunch (born Lydia Anne Koch; June 2, 1959) is an American singer, poet, writer, actress and self-empowerment speaker. Her career began during the 1970s New York City no wave scene as the singer and guitarist of Teenage Jesus and the Jerks.

Her work typically features provocative and confrontational noise music delivery and she has maintained an anti-commercial stance, operating independently of major labels and distributors. The Boston Phoenix named Lunch one of the ten most influential performers of the 1990s. Kerrang! named Sonic Youth's "Death Valley '69" featuring Lunch one of "The 50 Most Evil Songs Ever".
Hyposmocoma petroptilota
Hyposmocoma petroptilota is a species of moth of the family Cosmopterigidae. It was first described by Lord Walsingham in 1907. It is endemic to the Hawaiian islands of Kauai, Oahu, Maui and Hawaii. The type locality is Kīlauea.

The larvae feed on dead wood of Metrosideros and Pelea species.

Cosmopterigidae
The Cosmopterigidae  are a family of insects (cosmet moths) in the order Lepidoptera. These are small moths with narrow wings whose tiny larvae feed internally on the leaves, seeds and stems of their host plants. About 1500 species have been described. The taxonomic family is most diverse in the Australian and Pacific region with about 780 species.

Several genera formerly included here have been moved to the Agonoxeninae.
Karamba Diaby
Karamba Diaby (born 27 November 1961) is a Senegalese-born German chemist and politician of the Social Democratic Party who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag from the 2013 elections to 2025 elections.

Demographics of Senegal
Demographic features of the population of Senegal include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

About 42% of Senegal's population is rural. In rural areas, population density varies from about 77 per square kilometer (200/mile²) in the west-central region to 2 per square kilometer (5/mile²) in the arid eastern section. The average population density for the country is 68 people per square kilometer (180 people/mi2). French is the official language but is used regularly only by the literate minority. Almost all Senegalese speak an indigenous language, of which Wolof has the largest usage. Many Senegalese live in Europe, particularly in France, Italy and Spain.
John Bouverie
John Bouverie (c. 1723 – 19 September 1750) was a British antiquarian and art collector.  He was the originator of a collection of drawings now known as the "Bouverie collection", which passed to his spinster sister Elizabeth and from her to Sir Charles Middleton, then to Middleton's son-in-law Sir Gerald Noel, father of the 1st Earl of Gainsborough.  Bouverie died at Guzel Hissar on 19 September 1750 whilst travelling in the Ottoman Empire and observing ancient remains there with Robert Wood and James Dawkins.

Sir Gerard Noel, 2nd Baronet
Sir Gerard Noel Noel, 2nd Baronet (17 July 1759 – 25 February 1838), of Welham Grove in Leicestershire and Exton Park in Rutland, known as Gerard Edwardes until 1798, was an English Member of Parliament.
Bureau of Normalization
The Bureau of Normalization (NBN; Dutch: Bureau voor Normalisatie; French: Bureau de normalisation) is the Belgian national organization for standardization and is the country's ISO member body.

Its name was changed in 2003 from Belgian Institute for Normalization.

Standardization
Standardization (American English) or standardisation (British English) is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments. Standardization can help maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, efficiency, and quality. It can also facilitate a normalization of formerly custom processes.

In social sciences, including economics, the idea of standardization is close to the solution for a coordination problem, a situation in which all parties can realize mutual gains, but only by making mutually consistent decisions. Divergent national standards impose costs on consumers and can be a form of non-tariff trade barrier.
Chang Tak Ching
Chang Tak Ching (Chinese: 張德正; born 22 January 1995) is a Hong Kong badminton player. He, partnered with Ng Wing Yung, participated in the 2021 BWF World Championships' mixed doubles event, and defeated the top seeds and the defending champions Zheng Siwei and Huang Yaqiong in the second round by 16–21, 21–13, 21–17.

Huang Yaqiong
Huang Yaqiong (Chinese: 黄雅琼; pinyin: Huáng Yǎqióng, born 28 February 1994) is a Chinese badminton player who specializes in doubles. She is an Olympic gold medalist, three-time World Champion, two-time Asian Games gold medalist, and two-time Asian Champion. She also won a silver medal in the 2020 Summer Olympics. Huang reached a career-high of world number 1 in the mixed doubles event with Zheng Siwei.

Huang won the prestigious All England Open in 2017 partnered with Lu Kai, and in 2019 with Zheng Siwei. Together with Lu, she emerged as the champion at the 2017 Asian Championships. With her current partner Zheng, she won the gold medal at the 2018 and 2022 Asian Games, and claimed the BWF World Championships titles in 2018, 2019, and 2022. Huang was named the Female Player of the Year by the BWF in 2018 and 2019.
Lia Beel Quintana
Lia Beel Quintana (born 22 July 1995 in Pinjarra, Australia) is a blind Spanish Paralympic athlete who competes in sprinting events in international level events. She trains with her husband David Alonso Gutierrez who is her running guide.

Para-athletics
Para-athletics is the sport of athletics practiced by people with a disability as a parasport. The athletics events within the parasport are mostly the same as those available to able-bodied people, with two major exceptions in wheelchair racing and the club throw, which are specific to the division. Certain able-bodied events are rarely contested as para-athletic events outside deaf sport; pole vault, triple jump, hammer (of which the club throw is sometimes considered the para-athletic equivalent) and the three hurdling events. The sport is known by various names, including disability athletics, disabled track and field and Paralympic athletics. Top-level competitors may be called elite athletes with disability.
Romas Dressler
Romas Dressler (born 16 October 1987) is a German former professional footballer who played as a forward. He played for Hamburger SV II, Olba, Lucchese, Greuther Fürth II, Wuppertaler SV Borussia, Chemnitzer FC, Wormatia Worms, SSV Jahn Regensburg, SV Eintracht Trier 05 and FC Kray.

FC Kray
The FC Kray is a German football club from the Kray suburb of Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia.

The club's greatest success has been to earn promotion to the tier four Regionalliga West in 2012, and again in 2014.
Parkgate Cricket Ground
Parkgate Cricket Ground is a cricket ground in Station Road, Parkgate, Cheshire. The ground, which is situated close to the bank of the River Dee, is mostly surrounded by residential housing. The site is fairly large, with two cricket pitches, lawn tennis courts, all weather floodlit tennis courts, lawn bowls, boules, 3 squash courts and a full floodlit AstroTurf field hockey pitch. It is used by Neston Cricket Club and Neston Hockey Club. The club also has representative Tennis, Squash and Racquetball teams.

The ground is also home to the Parkgate Club House featuring 3 bars, a Cafe and 2 function rooms.

Racquetball
Racquetball is a racquet sport and a team sport played with a hollow rubber ball on an indoor or outdoor court. Joseph Sobek invented the modern sport of racquetball in 1950, adding a stringed racquet to paddleball in order to increase velocity and control. Unlike most racquet sports, such as tennis and badminton, there is no net to hit the ball over, and, unlike squash, no tin (out of bounds area at the bottom of front wall) to hit the ball above. Also, the court's walls, floor, and ceiling are legal playing surfaces, with the exception of court-specific designated hinders being out-of-bounds. Racquetball is played between various players on a team who try to bounce the ball with the racquet onto the ground so it hits the wall, so that an opposing team's player cannot bounce it back to the wall.

The sport is similar to 40×20 American handball, which is played in many countries. It is also similar to the British sport Squash 57, which was called racketball before 2016.
2015 WTA Finals – Singles
Agnieszka Radwańska defeated Petra Kvitová in the final, 6–2, 4–6, 6–3 to win the singles tennis title at the 2015 WTA Finals. This marked the first time since 2005 that the Tour Finals champion did not win a major in the corresponding year.

Serena Williams was the three-time reigning champion, but withdrew due to injury.

Garbiñe Muguruza, Flavia Pennetta and Lucie Šafářová made their debuts at the event.

For the first time since the round-robin format was re-introduced in 2003, both finalists reached the final despite losing two matches in the round-robin stage.

This year marked the first time since 2006 that all participating players came from European countries.

2005 WTA Tour Championships
The 2005 WTA Tour Championships, also known as the Sony Ericsson Championships, was a women's round robin tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, United States. It was the 35th edition of the year-end singles championships, the 30th edition of the year-end doubles championships, and was part of the 2005 WTA Tour. The tournament was held between November 8 and November 13, 2005. Fourth-seeded Amélie Mauresmo won the singles event, the first French player to win the title, and she earned $1,000,000 first-prize money as well as 485 ranking points.

Justine Henin-Hardenne had qualified for the tournament but withdrew due to a hamstring injury.
The Wizard of Lies
The Wizard of Lies is a 2017 American television biopic film directed by Barry Levinson and written by Sam Levinson, Sam Baum, and John Burnham Schwartz, based on the 2011 non-fiction book of the same name by Diana B. Henriques. The film stars Robert De Niro as businessman and fraudster Bernie Madoff, Michelle Pfeiffer as his wife Ruth Madoff, and Alessandro Nivola as their older son Mark Madoff. It aired on HBO on May 20, 2017. This is the fourth film featuring De Niro and Pfeiffer, following Stardust (2007), New Year's Eve (2011) and  The Family (2013), as well as their first collaboration for television.

Mark Madoff
Mark David Madoff (/ˈmeɪdɔːf/ MAY-doff; March 11, 1964 – December 11, 2010) was an American financier who alongside his brother was a contributor in exposing the multi-billion dollar Ponzi scheme committed by his father, Bernie Madoff.
Manitoba Liberal Party leadership elections
The Manitoba Liberal Party, a political party in the Canadian province of Manitoba, has chosen most of its leaders by delegated leadership conventions. Since 1993, the Manitoba Liberal Party has chosen its leaders by an open vote of party members, weighted by riding.

The party's first leader, Thomas Greenway, does not appear to have faced any formal opposition when he created the party in 1882/1883.

Jon Gerrard
Jon Gerrard PC (born October 13, 1947) is a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1993 to 1997, and was a secretary of state in the government of Jean Chrétien. He was the leader of the Manitoba Liberal Party from 1998 until 2013, and the member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba for River Heights from 1999 until his defeat in 2023.
Derek Smart
Derek K. Smart is an American video game designer. He is the president and lead developer of 3000AD, Inc., an indie game development company based in Aventura, Florida. In addition he is the president of and investor in the video game development company Quest Online. Smart is an independent video game designer and software developer, and the creator of several video game series.

Game design
Game design is the process of creating and shaping the mechanics, systems, rules, and gameplay of a game. Game design processes apply to board games, card games, dice games, casino games, role-playing games, sports, war games, or simulation games.

In Elements of Game Design, game designer Robert Zubek defines game design by breaking it down into three elements:

Game mechanics and systems, which are the rules and objects in the game.

Gameplay, which is the interaction between the player and the mechanics and systems. In Chris Crawford on Game Design, the author summarizes gameplay as "what the player does".

Player experience, which is how users feel when they are playing the game.

In academic research, game design falls within the field of game studies (not to be confused with game theory, which studies strategic decision making, primarily in non-game situations).
2016 UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship
The 2016 UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship was the ninth edition of the UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship, the annual European international youth football championship contested by the women's under-17 national teams of UEFA member associations. Belarus, which were selected by UEFA on 20 March 2012, hosted the tournament between 4 and 16 May 2016.

A total of eight teams played in the tournament, with players born on or after 1 January 1999 eligible to participate. Each match had a duration of 80 minutes, consisting of two halves of 40 minutes with a 15-minute half-time.

Same as previous editions held in even-numbered years, the tournament acted as the UEFA qualifiers for the FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup. The top three teams of the tournament qualified for the 2016 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in Jordan as the UEFA representatives.

FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup
The FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup is an annual (biennial until 2024) international women's association football tournament for female players under the age of 17. It is organized by Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) since 2008. The current champions are North Korea, who won a record-extending fourth title at the 2025 edition in Morocco.
Aish HaTorah
Aish, formerly known as Aish HaTorah (Hebrew: אש התורה, lit. 'Fire of the Torah'), is a Jewish Orthodox educational organization. The focus of Aish is the spread of traditional Jewish religious teachings and culture to Jews around the globe, utilizing a significant online presence made up of its website, Aish.com, and various social media channels.

In addition to the educational organization, the organization's main campus in Jerusalem also includes a yeshiva and a women's seminary, as well as several other in-person programs. In the late 1990s, the Los Angeles branch of Aish pioneered the speed dating concept as a way to promote marriages between Jewish partners.

In 2001, as part of its outreach and advocacy, Aish set up the Hasbara Fellowships, an initiative designed to combat anti-Israel ideas on North American college campuses, in collaboration with the Israeli Foreign Ministry.

Jewish culture
Jewish culture is the culture of the Jewish people, from its formation in ancient times until the current age. Judaism itself is not simply a faith-based religion, but an orthopraxy and ethnoreligion, pertaining to deed, practice, and identity. Jewish culture covers many aspects, including religion and worldviews, literature, media, and cinema, art and architecture, cuisine and traditional dress, attitudes to gender, marriage, family, social customs and lifestyles, music and dance. Some elements of Jewish culture come from within Judaism, others from the interaction of Jews with host populations, and others still from the inner social and cultural dynamics of the community. Before the 18th century, religion dominated virtually all aspects of Jewish life, and infused culture. Since the advent of secularization, wholly secular Jewish culture emerged likewise.