hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sfeka d'yoma
Sfeka d'yoma (Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: ספיקא דיומא, lit. 'doubt about the day', or doubt regarding the exact date of the day) is a concept and legal principle in Jewish law which explains why some Jewish holidays are celebrated for one day in the Land of Israel but for two days outside the Land. The implications of sfeka d'yoma are discussed in Rosh Hashanah 21a and in the commentaries and poskim.

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic
Jewish Babylonian Aramaic (Aramaic: ארמית Ārāmît) was the form of Middle Aramaic employed by writers in Lower Mesopotamia between the fourth and eleventh centuries. It is most commonly identified with the language of the Babylonian Talmud (which was completed in the fifth century), the Targum Onqelos, and of post-Talmudic (Gaonic) literature, which are the most important cultural products of Babylonian Jews. The most important epigraphic sources for the dialect are the hundreds of inscriptions on incantation bowls.
Arnoldo Berruti
Aroldo Berruti (23 December 1902 – 25 May 1967) was an Italian water polo player. He competed in the men's tournament with the national Italian team alongside his team-mates Tito Ambrosini, Mario Balla, Mario Cazzaniga, Eugenio Della Casa, Achille Gavoglio and Giuseppe Valle at the 1924 Summer Olympics.

Berruti was a member of the water polo section of the Gymnastic Society of Andrea Doria, and helped his team win eight national titles in 1921, 1922, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1930, and 1931.

Italy men's national water polo team
The Italy national water polo team represents Italy in men's international water polo competitions and is controlled by Federnuoto (the Italian Aquatics Federation). The national men's team has the nickname of "Settebello" (lit. 'Nice Seven'), the term for the seven of diamonds in the Italian card game scopa and a pun on a standard water polo team having seven players.

The Italian men's water polo team has won 8 Olympic medals, 7 World Championships, 5 World Cup, 11 European Championships medals and 3 World League medals, making them one of the most successful men's water polo teams in the world. They have won a combined twelve championships in those five competitions, with the World League, the last competition which Italy won in 2022.
Homstean
Homstean or Slettebrotane is a village in Vennesla municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located along the Norwegian National Road 9, about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of the village of Skarpengland, just about 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) north of the border with Kristiansand municipality. The 0.35-square-kilometre (86-acre) village has a population (2016) of 345 which gives the village a population density of 986 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,550/sq mi).

The small farming village of Mushom lies about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) to the west. That area has had some notable archaeological finds over the year including a very old ski that is now in a museum in Oslo.

Ski
Skis are runners, attached to the user's feet, designed to glide over snow. Typically employed in pairs, skis are attached to ski boots with ski bindings, with either a free, lockable, or partially secured heel. For climbing slopes, ski skins can be affixed to the base of each ski to prevent them from sliding backwards. Originally used as a means of travel over snow, skis have become specialized for recreational and competitive alpine and cross-country skiing.
Murder of Janet Acosta
On April 25, 2000, in Cudjoe Key, Florida, United States, 49-year-old Janet Acosta (1951 – April 25, 2000) was murdered by Michael Anthony Tanzi who kidnapped her in Miami-Dade County while she was on her lunch break, raped her, stole her van, and drove her to the Florida Keys. He then forced her to withdraw money from an ATM, and eventually strangled her to death before burying her in a secluded area. Tanzi was found guilty of first degree murder and sentenced to death in 2003. He was executed by lethal injection on April 8, 2025.

Less than a week before his execution, Tanzi's defense team claimed Tanzi's weight and health would result in a botched execution. His defense argued that lethal injection would violate the eight amendment's ban on cruel or unusual punishment. The argument was rejected by the Florida Attorney General's office, stating that Tanzi's defense provided no evidence that the method would violate the eight amendment.

Capital punishment in Florida
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Florida.

Since 1976, the state has executed 127 convicted murderers, all at Florida State Prison. As of February 24, 2026, 250 offenders are awaiting execution.
Acacia ampliata
Acacia ampliata is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to a restricted area in the south-west of Western Australia. It is a shrub or small tree with hairy branchlets,  linear phyllodes, golden-coloured flowers arranged in oblong to short-cylindrical heads, and linear pods up to 110 mm (4.3 in) long.

Phyllode
Phyllodes are modified petioles or leaf stalks, which are leaf-like in both appearance and function. In some plants, these  become flattened and widened, while the leaf itself becomes reduced or vanishes altogether. Thus the phyllode comes to serve the purpose of the leaf. Some important examples are Euphorbia royleana which are cylindrical and Opuntia which are flattened.

They are common in the genus Acacia, especially the Australian species, at one time put in Acacia subg. Phyllodineae. Sometimes, especially on younger plants, partially formed phyllodes bearing reduced leaves can be seen. The illustration (to the right) of Acacia suaveolens from Novae Hollandiae plantarum specimen shows the juvenile true leaves, together with the developing phyllodes, and the phyllodes of the mature plant.

The genus, Daviesia, in the family Fabaceae, is characterised in part by the plants having phyllodes.
Members of the Queensland Legislative Council, 1910–1916
This is a list of members of the Queensland Legislative Council from 1 January 1910 to 31 December 1916. Appointments, made by the Governor of Queensland, were for life, although many members for one reason or another resigned.

The Labor Party had a major win in the Legislative Assembly at the 1915 election, and proceeded with their stated goal of abolishing the Legislative Council by introducing legislation to that effect in 1916, which of course was defeated by the non-Labor majority Council. By the end of 1916, the membership had fallen from 44 to 37 members as the government had only appointed one new member in two years.

Legislative Council of Queensland
The Legislative Council of Queensland was the upper house of the parliament in the Australian state of Queensland. It was a fully nominated body which first took office on 1 May 1860. It was abolished by the Constitution Amendment Act 1921, which took effect on 23 March 1922.

Consequently, the Legislative Assembly of Queensland is the only unicameral state Parliament in Australia. Two territories, the Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory, also maintain unicameral parliaments.

Most of the early members of the Council came from wealthy families, were well educated and were born in England. Absenteeism was a problem in the early years, with some members returning to England, being absent for several years.
Maryland Route 980
Maryland Route 980 (MD 980) is a designation used for a collection of five service roads in the U.S. state of Maryland along MD 4, four in Bristol and Waysons Corner in southern Anne Arundel County and one near Upper Marlboro in southern Prince George's County. MD 980 was assigned to the service roads constructed during the expansion of MD 4 to a four-lane divided highway in the early to mid-1960s.

Upper Marlboro, Maryland
Upper Marlboro, officially the Town of Upper Marlboro, is a town in and the county seat of Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population within the town limits was 652, although Greater Upper Marlboro, which covers a large area outside the town limits, is many times larger.
Toby Beau
Toby Beau is an American band from Texas, formed in the early 1970s and perhaps best known for the 1978 hit single, "My Angel Baby". The band is still in existence today and continues to perform on the club circuit. The band's name was based from one of the last original wooden shrimp boats docked in the Gulf Coast community of Port Isabel, Texas.

Gulf Coast of the United States
The Gulf Coast of the United States, also known as the Gulf South or the South Coast, is the coastline along the Southern United States where they meet the Gulf of Mexico. The coastal states that have a shoreline on the Gulf of Mexico are Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida, and these are known as the Gulf States.

The economy of the Gulf Coast area is dominated by industries related to energy, petrochemicals, fishing, aerospace, agriculture, and tourism. The large cities of the region are (from west to east) Brownsville, Corpus Christi, Houston, Galveston, Beaumont, Lake Charles, Lafayette, Baton Rouge, New Orleans, Gulfport, Biloxi, Mobile, Pensacola, Panama City, St. Petersburg, and Tampa. All are the centers or major cities of their respective metropolitan areas and many contain large ports.
Silas Sammis House
Silas Sammis House is a historic home located at Huntington in Suffolk County, New York. It consists of a 1+1⁄2-story, five-bay, shingled section built about 1730 and a larger, three-bay, 1+1⁄2-story shingled residence built about 1800.  The small east wing was the original dwelling.  It is an intact example of settlement period architecture in Huntington.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Huntington, New York
Huntington is one of ten towns in Suffolk County, New York, United States. The town's population was 204,127 at the time of the 2020 census, making it the 11th most populous city/town in the state.

Founded in 1653, the Town of Huntington is located on the North Shore of Long Island in northwestern Suffolk County, with the Long Island Sound to its north and Nassau County adjacent to the west. It is part of the New York metropolitan area.
Revolution of Our Times
Revolution of Our Times (Chinese: 時代革命) is a 2021 Hong Kong documentary film directed by Kiwi Chow. The film covers the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests through interviews and footage of the frontline protest scenes. The documentary takes its name from a locally well-known political slogan "liberate Hong Kong, revolution of our times" which has been ruled as illegal by the Hong Kong High Court. The film had its debut in the 2021 Cannes Film Festival in France and is currently banned in mainland China and Hong Kong.

Hong Kong High Court
The High Court of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is a part of the Judiciary of Hong Kong, consisting of the upper Court of Appeal and the lower Court of First Instance. It also deals with criminal and civil cases which have risen beyond the lower courts.

The hierarchy of the Hong Kong judiciary from high to low is: the Court of Final Appeal, the High Court (consisting of the upper Court of Appeal and the lower Court of First Instance), the District Court, and magistrates' courts.

It is a superior court of record of unlimited civil and criminal jurisdiction. It was named the Supreme Court before 1997. Though previously named the Supreme Court, this Court has long been the local equivalent to the Senior Courts of England and Wales and has never been vested with the power of final adjudication.
The Two Princes
The Two Princes is a scripted fantasy action adventure podcast from Gimlet Media. It was created and written by Kevin Christopher Snipes and directed by Mimi O'Donnell. The story focuses on two princes from warring kingdoms who become unwitting allies when they journey into a mysterious forest in order to try and save their realms. Along the way, the two heroes fall in love with each other.

Action fiction
Action fiction is a genre in literature that focuses on stories involving high-stakes, high-energy, and fast-paced events. This genre includes a wide range of subgenres, such as spy novels, adventure stories, tales of terror, intrigue ("cloak and dagger"), and mysteries.  These kinds of stories utilize suspense, the tension that is built up when the reader wishes to know how the conflict between the protagonist and antagonist is going to be resolved or the solution to a mystery of a thriller.

The intricacies of human relationships or the nuances of philosophy and psychology are rarely explored in action fiction, typically being fast-paced mysteries that merely seek to provide the reader with an exhilarating experience.

Action fiction can also be a plot element of non-literary works such as graphic novels and film.
Komayanvalasu
Komayanvalasu is a village in Perundurai taluk of Erode district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located 8 km away from National Highway 544 between Salem and Coimbatore.  It is 18 km from Gobichettipalayam, 18 km from Erode and 10 km from Perundurai.

Salem, Tamil Nadu
Salem (pronounced [seːlam] ⓘ) is a major tier II city in Salem district, located on the banks of the Thirumanimutharu river in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu surrounded by mountains. Salem is the fifth largest urban agglomeration in the state, and the third largest metropolitan region. The city is 124 km2 (48 sq mi) large.
Ephedra strobilacea
Ephedra strobilacea is a species of Ephedra that is native to Iran and Central Asia (Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan).

The plant grows at 700–2,500 metres (2,300–8,200 ft) in elevation.

Taxonomy

It was originally described by Alexander G. von Bunge in 1852 and placed in section Alatae, tribe Tropidolepides by Otto Stapf in 1889. In 1996 Robert A. Price left E. strobilacea in section Alatae without recognizing a tribe.

Alexander von Bunge
Alexander Georg von Bunge (Russian: Алекса́ндр Андре́евич Бу́нге; 6 October [O.S. 24 September] 1803 – 18 July [O.S. 6 July] 1890) was a Russian botanist. He is best remembered for scientific expeditions into Asia and especially Siberia.
Edward Lewis (Australian politician)
Edward Wallace Lewis (born 24 December 1936) is an Australian politician.

Lewis was born in Sydney, and was a shearer and farmer before entering politics. He travelled widely before settling in Hamilton around 1963, becoming secretary of the local branch of the Australian Workers' Union and president of the Hamilton Labor Party branch. In 1970 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the member for Dundas, but he was defeated in 1973.

After politics, Lewis farmed at Eualameet North, New South Wales and Foster, Victoria.

Electoral district of Dundas (Victoria)
Dundas (called Dundas and Follett 1856–59) was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Victoria from 1856 to 1976. It covered a region of western Victoria and consisted of the counties of Dundas and Follett.

The district of Dundas and Follett was one of the initial districts created in the first Victorian Legislative Assembly, 1856. It was renamed Dundas from 1859 as a result of the Electoral Act (of December 1858) although it covered the same area as Dundas and Follett previously.

Later its borders were re-arranged somewhat and included the sub-divisions of Harrow, Casterton, Hamilton, Branxholme, Penshurst and Mortlake.
Edgar Allen Poe (film)
Edgar Allen Poe  [sic] is a 1909 American silent drama film produced by the Biograph Company of New York and directed and co-written by D. W. Griffith. Herbert Yost stars in this short as the 19th-century American writer and poet Edgar Allan Poe, while Linda Arvidson portrays Poe's wife Virginia. When it was released in February 1909 and throughout its theatrical run, the film was consistently identified and advertised with Poe's middle name misspelled in its official title, using an "e" instead of the correct second "a". The short was also originally shipped to theaters on a "split reel", which was a single reel that accommodated more than one film. This 450-foot drama shared its reel with another Biograph short, the 558-foot comedy A Wreath in Time. Prints of both films survive.

Biograph Company
The Biograph Company, also known as the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company, was a motion picture company founded in 1895 and active until 1916. It was the first company in the United States devoted entirely to film production and exhibition, and for two decades was one of the most prolific, releasing over 3000 short films and 12 feature films. During the height of silent film as a medium, Biograph was the most prominent American film studio and one of the most respected and influential studios worldwide, only rivaled by Germany's UFA, Sweden's Svensk Filmindustri and France's Pathé. The company was home to pioneering director D. W. Griffith and such actors as Mary Pickford, Lillian Gish, and Lionel Barrymore.
Vasily Banykin
Vasily Vasilevich Banykin (Russian: Василий Васильевич Баныкин; 11 February [O.S. 30 January] 1888 – 15 June 1918) was a Russian revolutionary. He was one of the founders of Soviet power in the city of Tolyatti (then called Stavropol-on-the-Volga). He was the First Chairman of the executive committee of that city (equivalent to mayor). He was killed when Stavropol was falling to the Czech Legion during the Russian Civil War.

Stavropolsky District
Stavropolsky District (Russian: Ставропо́льский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-seven in Samara Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 3,662 square kilometers (1,414 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Tolyatti (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 54,181 (2010 Census);  45,167 (2002 Census); 40,347 (1989 Soviet census).
Live at the Loosdrecht Jazz Festival
Live at the Loosdrecht Jazz Festival is a live album by Music Inc. led by American jazz trumpeter Charles Tolliver recorded in 1972 and first released as a double LP on the Strata-East label, later released on CD as Grand Max  by the Black Lion label

Strata-East Records
Strata-East Records is an American record company and label specialising in jazz founded in 1971 by Charles Tolliver and Stanley Cowell with the release of their first recording Music Inc. The label released over 50 albums in the 1970s. Many of the label's releases are now hailed as prime examples of 1970s post-bop, spiritual jazz, and afro-jazz.

Gil Scott-Heron recorded his 1974 album Winter in America with Brian Jackson for Strata-East. "The Bottle" featured on the album, was a popular single. This album stands as one of the label's best-known recordings.

Clifford Jordan and Bill Lee, father of Spike Lee, were involved in many releases.
Distribution ensemble
In cryptography, a distribution ensemble or probability ensemble is a family of distributions or random variables  where  is a (countable) index set, and each  is a random variable, or probability distribution. Often  and it is required that each  have a certain property for n sufficiently large.

For example, a uniform ensemble  is a distribution ensemble where each  is uniformly distributed over strings of length n. In fact, many applications of probability ensembles implicitly assume that the probability spaces for the random variables all coincide in this way, so every probability ensemble is also a stochastic process.

Countable set
In mathematics, a set is countable if either it is finite or it can be made in one to one correspondence with the set of natural numbers. Equivalently, a set is countable if there exists an injective function from it into the natural numbers; this means that each element in the set may be associated to a unique natural number, or that the elements of the set can be counted one at a time, although the counting may never finish due to an infinite number of elements.

In more technical terms, assuming the axiom of countable choice, a set is countable if its cardinality (the number of elements of the set) is not greater than that of the natural numbers. A countable set that is not finite is said to be countably infinite.

The concept is attributed to Georg Cantor, who proved the existence of uncountable sets, that is, sets that are not countable; for example the set of the real numbers.
Arya Pratinidhi Sabha of Fiji
The Arya Pratinidhi Sabha of Fiji (Arya Representative Society) is the national body for all the Arya Samajs in Fiji.  It was formed in 1918 and registered as a religious body through the efforts of Manilal Doctor, who was in Fiji from 1912 to 1920 at the behest of Mahatma Gandhi to provide legal assistance to the Fiji Indians. Its first President was Swami Manoharanand Saraswati who had arrived  in Fiji, from India, in 1913. The Arya Pratinidhi Sabha of Fiji is affiliated to Sarvadeshik Arya Pratinidhi Sabha (World Council of Arya Samaj) based in New Delhi.

Immediately after its formation the Sabha went about establishing schools in Fiji, with the first one, Gyrykul Primary School, established in 1918 in Saweni, Lautoka. The Sabha owns and manages 14 pre-schools, 18 primary schools, 7 secondary schools, a commercial school, a religious training centre, a youth development centre and has provided the facilities and resources for the establishment of the University of Fiji.

Lautoka
Lautoka (Fijian pronunciation: [lɔu̯toka] ⓘ, Fiji Hindi: लौटोका) is the second largest metropolitan area in Fiji. It is on the west coast of the island of Viti Levu, in the Ba Province of the Western Division. Lying in the heart of Fiji's sugar cane-growing region, the city has come to be known as the Sugar City. Covering an area of 32 square kilometres, it had a population of 71,573 at the 2017 census, the most recent to date.
Badljevina
Badljevina   is a village in the western Slavonia region of Croatia. The settlement is administered as a part of the City of Pakrac and the Požega-Slavonia County. According to the 2021 census it has 597 inhabitants. It is connected by the D5 state road.

D5 road (Croatia)
D5 is a state road in the eastern Croatia the A3 motorway Okučani interchange to a number of cities in the western Slavonia region, including Pakrac and Daruvar, as well as to Drava River valley city of Virovitica. The road also links international border crossings Terezino Polje and Stara Gradiška providing access to Barcs, Hungary and Bosanska Gradiška, Bosnia and Herzegovina respectively. The road is 123.1 km (76.5 mi) long.

The road, as well as all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, a state-owned company.
2018–19 Coupe de France preliminary rounds, Occitanie
The 2018–19 Coupe de France preliminary rounds, Occitanie was the qualifying competition to decide which teams from the leagues of the Occitanie region of France took part in the main competition from the seventh round.

Lot (department)
Lot (French pronunciation: [lɔt]; Occitan: Òlt [ɔl]) is a department in the Occitanie region of France. Named after the Lot River, it lies in the southwestern part of the country and had a population of 174,094 in 2019. Its prefecture is Cahors; its subprefectures are Figeac and Gourdon.