hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Biospeedotrema jolliveti
Biospeedotrema jolliveti is a species of trematodes inhabiting hydrothermal vent fishes (particularly Ventichthys biospeedoi) in the south eastern Pacific Ocean. It can be distinguished from its family by its symmetrical testicular configuration; its uterus passing between the testes. Furthermore, it can be differentiated by vitelline fields which extend slightly into its post-testicular region; its intestinal bifurcation is dorsal to its ventral sucker; its genital pore is somewhat submedian or median; its cirrus sac is short and the caeca are large and overlap the testes.

Trematoda
Trematoda is a class of flatworms known as trematodes, and commonly as flukes. They are obligate internal parasites with a complex life cycle requiring at least two hosts. The intermediate host, in which asexual reproduction occurs, is a mollusk, usually a snail. The definitive host, where the flukes sexually reproduce, is a vertebrate. Infection by trematodes can cause disease in all five vertebrate groups: mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and fish.
Normanby, Taranaki
Normanby is a small village in South Taranaki, New Zealand. It is approximately 6 km inland from Hāwera along State Highway 3. Eltham is 13 km further north.

The village is also situated on the Marton–New Plymouth line railway, which has been freight-only through Normanby since the cessation of passenger railcar services between Wellington and New Plymouth on 30 July 1977.

The town was founded at the site of the Waihi redoubt, which was established as a field headquarters in September 1866 by colonial military forces fighting Hauhau Māori in the Second Taranaki War

Marton–New Plymouth line
The Marton–New Plymouth line (MNPL) is a secondary railway in the North Island of New Zealand, linking the Taranaki and Manawatū-Whanganui regions. It diverges from the North Island Main Trunk (NIMT) at Marton and follows the South Taranaki Bight along the west coast before turning inland to meet the Stratford–Okahukura Line (SOL) at Stratford, continuing on to New Plymouth.

Construction of the line was completed in 1885. With the completion of the SOL in 1933, the combined route provided an alternative western connection to the NIMT—though this role diminished when the SOL was mothballed in 2010. In its early years, the MNPL hosted the New Plymouth Express, the North Island’s first regional express service. Following the withdrawal of passenger services in 1977, the line has been used exclusively for freight.
Internal Security Act 1960
The Internal Security Act 1960 (Malay: Akta Keselamatan Dalam Negeri 1960, abbreviated ISA) was a preventive detention law in force in Malaysia.  The legislation was enacted after the Federation of Malaya gained independence from Britain in 1957.  The ISA allows for detention without trial or criminal charges under limited, legally defined circumstances.  On 15 September 2011, the Prime Minister of Malaysia, Najib Razak said that this legislation will be repealed and replaced by two new laws. The ISA was replaced and repealed by the Security Offences (Special Measures) Act 2012 which has been passed by Parliament and given the royal assent on 18 June 2012. The Act came into force on 31 July 2012.

Federation of Malaya
Malaya, officially the Federation of Malaya, was a country in Southeast Asia from 1948 to 1963. It succeeded the Malayan Union and, before that, British Malaya. It comprised eleven states – nine Malay states and two of the Straits Settlements, Penang and Malacca. It was established on 1 February 1948.

Initially a self-governing colony of the United Kingdom, Malaya became fully sovereign on 31 August 1957, and on 16 September 1963, Malaya was superseded by Malaysia when it united with Singapore, North Borneo (Sabah) and Sarawak. Singapore was expelled on 9 August 1965, leaving the original states of Malaya along with Sarawak and Sabah – now collectively known as East Malaysia – to form modern-day Malaysia, while the former Federation of Malaya is now referred to as Peninsular Malaysia or West Malaysia.
Samuel Dyer
Samuel Dyer (Chinese: 台約爾, 20 February 1804 – 24 October 1843) was a British Protestant Christian missionary to China in the Congregationalist tradition who worked among the Chinese in Malaysia. He arrived in Penang in 1827. Dyer, his wife Maria, and their family lived in Malacca and then in Singapore. He was known as a typographer for creating a steel typeface of Chinese characters for printing to replace traditional wood blocks. Dyer's type was accurate, aesthetically pleasing, durable, and practical.

Ultra-Ganges Missions
The Ultra-Ganges Missions were the London Missionary Society (LMS) outposts in Southeast Asia in the early 1800s. They were established as a way to develop missionary activities in China, before the Opium Wars permitted foreigners to enter the Chinese mainland.
Physiologic tremor
Physiologic tremor is a tremor or trembling of a limb or other body part.  The recorded frequency is in the range of 8-12Hz.  It occurs in normal individuals, especially when they are stressed by anxiety or fatigue.  It is therefore common in sports such as rock-climbing where it is known by names such as Elvis leg or sewing machine leg.  It may occur in an enhanced form as a pathological symptom of conditions such as hyperthyroidism or stimulants such as caffeine.

Fatigue
Fatigue is a state of being without energy for a prolonged period of time. Fatigue is used in two contexts: in the medical sense, and in the sense of normal tiredness.

In the medical sense, fatigue is seen as a symptom, and is sometimes associated with medical conditions including autoimmune disease, organ failure, mood disorders, heart disease, infectious diseases, and post-infectious-disease states. However, fatigue is complex and in up to a third of primary care cases no medical or psychiatric diagnosis is found.

In the sense of tiredness, fatigue often follows prolonged physical or mental activity. Physical fatigue results from muscle fatigue brought about by intense physical activity. Mental fatigue results from prolonged periods of cognitive activity which impairs cognitive ability, can manifest as sleepiness, lethargy, or directed attention fatigue, and can also impair physical performance.
Cold Tom
Children and Young Adult Literature portal

Cold Tom is a young adult fantasy novel by British author Sally Prue, published in 2002 by Oxford University Press. In 2002, the novel won the Branford Boase Award and the Smarties Prize Silver Award.

Fantasy literature
Fantasy literature is literature set in an imaginary universe, often but not always without any locations, events, or people from the real world. Magic, the supernatural and magical creatures are common in many of these imaginary worlds. Fantasy literature may be directed at both children and adults.

Fantasy is considered a genre of speculative fiction and is distinguished from the genres of science fiction and horror by the absence of scientific or macabre themes, respectively, though these may overlap. Historically, most works of fantasy were in written form, but since the 1960s, a growing segment of the genre has taken the form of fantasy films, fantasy television programs, graphic novels, video games, music and art.

Many fantasy novels originally written for children and adolescents also attract an adult audience. Examples include Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, the Harry Potter series, The Chronicles of Narnia, and The Hobbit.
Lemuel Williams
Lemuel Williams (June 18, 1747 – November 8, 1828) was a United States representative from Massachusetts. Born in Taunton in the Province of Massachusetts Bay, he graduated from Harvard College in 1765, studied law, was admitted to the bar and practiced in Bristol and Worcester Counties. He was town clerk of New Bedford from 1792 to 1800.

Williams was elected as a Federalist to the Sixth, Seventh, and Eighth Congresses, serving from March 4, 1799 to March 3, 1805, and was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1806. He resumed the practice of law and died in Acushnet, Massachusetts; interment was in Acushnet Cemetery.

7th United States Congress
The 7th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1801, to March 4, 1803, during the first two years of Thomas Jefferson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1790 United States census. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority, except when the Senate held a two-day Special Senate session in order to provide advice to the new President Thomas Jefferson, when there was still a Federalist majority in the Senate.
Gartki
Gartki [ˈɡartki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czersk, within Chojnice County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Czersk
Gmina Czersk is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Chojnice County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Czersk, which lies approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Chojnice and 77 km (48 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

The gmina covers an area of 379.85 square kilometres (146.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 20,548 (out of which the population of Czersk amounts to 9,463, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 11,085).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Tuchola Landscape Park.
Gudur, Kurnool
Gudur, natively known as Guduru, is a Nagar Panchayath and a Mandal HQ of Gudur Mandal in Kurnool district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.

It comes under Kodumur assembly constituency and Kurnool Parliament Constituency.

Gudur is Situated on Yemmiganur - Kurnool Road.

Nearest Railway Station is Kurnool City Railway Station.

Nearest Airport is Kurnool Airport.

Kurnool district
Kurnool district is one of the eight districts in the Rayalaseema region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh after the districts are reorganised in April 2022. It is located in the north western part of the state and is bounded by Nandyal district in the east, Anantapur district in the south, Raichur district of Karnataka in the northwest, Bellary district of Karnataka in the west, and Jogulamba Gadwal district of Telangana in the north. It has a population of 2,271,686  based on the  2011 census. The city of Kurnool is the headquarters of the district. Konda Reddy Fort, Mantralayam and Orvakal Rock Garden, Kurnool are tourist places of interest in the district.
Adrian Bogoi
Laurențiu Adrian Bogoi (born 16 February 1973) is a Romanian former professional footballer who played as a defender. Bogoi played in the Liga I for: Rapid București, Chindia Târgoviște, Argeș Pitești and Pandurii Târgu Jiu. After retirement Bogoi was the chairman of CSM Târgoviște and managed teams like: FCM Târgoviște, Chindia Târgoviște and Pandurii II Târgu Jiu. Currently he is the manager of Liga II side Pandurii Târgu Jiu.

Liga II
The Liga 2, most commonly spelled as Liga II, is the second level of the Romanian football league system. The league changed its name from Divizia B just before the start of the 2006–07 football season. It is currently sponsored by Casa Pariurilor, a betting company under the official name Liga 2 Casa Pariurilor.
Arrow Model F
The Arrow Model F or the Arrow Sport V-8 was a two-seat low-wing braced monoplane aircraft built in the United States between 1934 and 1938. It was built originally to a request by the US Bureau of Air Commerce to investigate the feasibility of using automobile engines to power aircraft. Accordingly, the Model F was fitted with a modified Ford V8 engine. Like the Arrow Sport before it, the Model F seated its pilot and passenger side-by-side in an open cockpit and was marketed for $1500.

Cockpit
A cockpit, also called flight deck, is the area, on the front part of an aircraft, spacecraft, or submersible, from which a pilot controls the vehicle.

The cockpit of an aircraft contains flight instruments on an instrument panel, and the controls that enable the pilot to fly the aircraft. In most airliners, a door separates the cockpit/Flight Deck from the aircraft cabin. After the September 11, 2001 attacks, all major airlines fortified their cockpits against access by hijackers.
Mesa Miners
The Mesa Miners were an independent professional baseball team based in Mesa, Arizona.  They began as a member of the Arizona Division of the now-defunct Golden Baseball League in 2005.  The original team became known as the Reno Silver Sox in 2006, and then the Tucson Toros in 2009, but the league could bring the Miners back as an expansion team should they decide to do so.

They returned to play in 2011 after a six-year absence as a member of the Arizona Summer League, one of two instructional leagues affiliated with the North American League, which was not affiliated with either Major League Baseball or Minor League Baseball.

North American League (baseball)
The North American League (officially known as the North American Baseball League) was an independent baseball league that began play in the 2011 season. The league consisted of a merger of three independent leagues, the Northern League of Illinois, United League Baseball of Texas, and the Golden Baseball League based in the Western United States and Western Canada and was a last-ditch effort to save the teams in said league. The league's chairman of the board was Dave Kaval, former CEO of Diamond Sports and Entertainment (owners of the now-defunct GBL), league president was Brian MacInnes and main board member was James C. Peters.

After playing two seasons, the North American League folded.
Theetta Rappai
Theetta Rappai (20 April 1939 – 9 December 2006) was an Indian competitive eater who used to eat enormous quantities of food. Rappai used to eat 75 idli for breakfast, buckets of rice and curries for lunch, and 60 chapatis for dinner. He is known to have eaten 250 idlis and 1.5 kg of pudding and halwa in one sitting. On a different occasion, he is known to have consumed 75 idlis, 2.5 kg appam, and buckets of payasam. Rappai had won several eating competitions in and outside Kerala. His name had been included in the Limca Book of World Records.

Idli
Idli (/ˈɪdliː/; plural: idlis) or idly is a South Indian and Sri Lankan rice cake popular as a breakfast food. The cakes are made by steaming a batter consisting of fermented hulled black lentils and rice. The fermentation process breaks down the starches so that they are more readily metabolised by the body.

Idli has several variations, including rava idli, which is made from semolina. Regional variants include sanna of Konkan.
Ghumman (surname)
Ghumman or Ghuman is a Jat clan of Punjabis, found in Pakistan and India, mainly in Sialkot, Jhelum, Gujranwala, Daska and some other districts of Punjab, Pakistan.

In India, they are found in Gurdaspur, Amritsar and Tarn taran districts of Majha Punjab, India.

Sialkot District
Sialkot District is a district within the Gujranwala Division of Punjab, Pakistan. Located in northeastern Punjab, the city of Sialkot is the headquarters of the district. It houses the Sialkot Cantonment, established in 1852.
Delta, Ontario
Delta, Ontario, is a community in the Township of Rideau Lakes, Leeds and Grenville County in Eastern Ontario. The village is located between two lakes, Upper Beverley and Lower Beverley, along highway 42, approximately 15 kilometres west of Athens, Ontario and 28 kilometres east of Westport, Ontario.

Westport, Ontario
Westport is a village in the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville, Eastern Ontario, Canada. It lies at the west end of Upper Rideau Lake, at the head of the navigable Rideau Canal system, 100 km (62 mi) southwest of Ottawa.

The village of Westport was incorporated as an independent municipality in 1904. It is an enclave within the Township of Rideau Lakes.
2005 Icelandic Cup
The 2005 Visa-Bikar was the 46th season of the Icelandic national football cup. It started on 17 May 2005 and concluded with the final held on 24 September 2005. The winners qualified for the first qualifying round of the 2006–07 UEFA Cup.

2006–07 UEFA Cup
The 2006–07 UEFA Cup was the 36th edition of the UEFA Cup, Europe's second-tier club football tournament. On 16 May 2007, at Hampden Park, Glasgow, Scotland, Sevilla won their second consecutive UEFA Cup, defeating Espanyol 3–1 on penalties after the match finished 2–2 after extra time. Sevilla became the second side to win the competition for two consecutive seasons, following the hiatus of the original record holder Real Madrid achieved in 1985 and 1986.

Walter Pandiani of Espanyol was the top goals scorer of this UEFA Cup edition with 11 goals.
Maxwell Hunter
Maxwell White Hunter II (March 11, 1922 – November 10, 2001) was a prominent American aerospace engineer. He worked on the design of the Douglas B-42 and Douglas B-43 bombers, the Honest John, Nike-Ajax, and Nike-Zeus missiles, the Thor IRBM, and on parts of the Strategic Defense Initiative.
In later years he worked on space-launch vehicles and was a proponent of Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) designs. He was honored in 1995 by the National Space Society for lifelong contributions to the technology of spaceflight.

Douglas XB-42 Mixmaster
The Douglas XB-42 Mixmaster is an experimental American bomber aircraft, designed for a high top speed. The unconventional approach was to mount the two engines within the fuselage driving a pair of contra-rotating propellers mounted at the tail in a pusher configuration, leaving the wing and fuselage clean and free of drag-inducing protrusions.

Two prototype aircraft were built, but the end of World War II changed priorities and the advent of the jet engine gave an alternative way toward achieving high speed.
Robby Cantarutti
Robby Cantarutti (born 17 June 1966) is an Italian architect and industrial designer from Venice and the best known practitioner of Italian Rationalism.

Menu of Cantarutti's works are located in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, including his Cabin at the River, where he lives with his family.

Campoformido
Campoformido (Italian: [ˌkampoˈfɔrmido]; archaically Campoformio; Friulian: Cjampfuarmit) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northeastern Italy, with a population of 7,743 (December 2019). It is notable for the 1797 Treaty of Campo Formio.
Diana L. Eck
Religion portal

LGBTQ portal

Diana Louise Eck (born July 5, 1945) is a scholar of religious studies who is the Fredric Wertham professor of law and psychiatry in society and a professor of comparative religion and Indian studies at Harvard University, as well as a former faculty dean of Lowell House and the Director of The Pluralism Project at Harvard. Among other works, she is the author of Banaras, City of Light, Darshan: Seeing the Divine Image in India, Encountering God: A Spiritual Journey from Bozeman to Banaras, A New Religious America: How a Christian Country Became the World's Most Religiously Diverse Nation, and "India: A Sacred Geography."  At Harvard, she is in the Department of South Asian Studies, the Committee on the Study of Religion, and is also a member of the Faculty of Divinity. She has been the chair for the Committee on the Study of Religion. She also served on the Humanities jury for the Infosys Prize in 2019.

Infosys Prize
The Infosys Prize is an annual award granted to scientists, researchers, engineers and social scientists of Indian origin (not necessarily born in India) by the Infosys Science Foundation and ranks among the highest monetary awards for research in India. The prize for each category includes a gold medallion, a citation certificate, and prize money of US$100,000 (or equivalent in Indian Rupees). The prize purse is tax free for winners living in India. The winners are selected by the jury of their respective categories, headed by the jury chairs.

In 2008, the prize was jointly awarded by the Infosys Science Foundation and National Institute of Advanced Studies for mathematics. The following year, three additional categories were added: Life Sciences, Mathematical Sciences, Physical Sciences and Social Sciences. In 2010, Engineering and Computer Science was added as a category. In 2012, a sixth category, Humanities, was added.
SRV-300
SRV-300 is a deep-submergence rescue vehicle that is rated to dive up to 300 m (980 ft). It was built by DRASS (Livorno) for the Marina Militare, and is capable of descending to 300 metres (980 ft) carrying 12 passengers in addition to crew. SRV-300 is hosted by Anteo, berthed at La Spezia.

SRV-300 supplanted the Breda MSM-1S USEL deep-submergence rescue vehicle, in 2002 and since 2004 it has been fitted with a Simrad EM-1002 multibeam echo-sounder. Further upgrades in 2010 introduced air portability.

There is a new version under development, the SRV-650, with a maximum depth of 650 m (2 133 ft) and with a hosting capacity of 15 people.

Kongsberg Maritime
Kongsberg Maritime (KM) is a Norwegian technology enterprise within the Kongsberg Gruppen (KOG). Kongsberg Maritime deliver systems for positioning, surveying, navigation, and automation to merchant vessels and offshore installations. Their most well known products exist within dynamic positioning systems, marine automation and surveillance systems, process automation, satellite navigation, and hydroacoustics.
Volgodonskoy (rural locality)
Volgodonskoy (Russian: Волгодонской) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Sovetskoye Rural Settlement, Kalachyovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,272 in 2010. There are 14 streets.

Kalachyovsky District
Kalachyovsky District (Russian: Калачёвский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-three in Volgograd Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Kalachyovsky Municipal District. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is 4,200 square kilometers (1,600 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kalach-na-Donu. As of the 2021 Census, the total population of the district was 47,566, with the population of Kalach-na-Donu accounting for 37,1% of that number.
Carbon oxohalide
Carbon oxohalides are a group of chemical compounds that contain only carbon, oxygen and halogen atoms: fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. They include carbonyl halides, COX2, and oxalyl halides, C2X2O2, where X = F, Cl, Br or I. The halogen atoms X do not have to be identical; they differ in mixed oxohalides. Most combinations of halogens exist but carbonyl iodide, COI2, is unknown. The carbon–oxygen bond length in carbonyl halides (1.13–1.17 Å) is shorter than in other carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes and ketones, carboxylic acids, esters and amides (1.20–1.21 Å). They are reactive reagents for halogenation, acylation and dehydration reactions.

Amide
In organic chemistry, an amide, also known as an organic amide or a carboxamide, is a compound with the general formula R−C(=O)−NR′R″, where R, R', and R″ represent any group, typically organyl groups or hydrogen atoms. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, as in asparagine and glutamine. It can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid (R−C(=O)−OH) with the hydroxyl group (−OH) replaced by an amino group (−NR′R″); or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group (R−C(=O)−) joined to an amino group.

Common amides are formamide (H−C(=O)−NH2), acetamide (H3C−C(=O)−NH2), benzamide (C6H5−C(=O)−NH2), and dimethylformamide (H−C(=O)−N(−CH3)2).

Amides are qualified as primary, secondary, and tertiary according to the number of acyl groups bounded to the nitrogen atom.