hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Covering problems
In combinatorics and computer science, covering problems are computational problems that ask whether a certain combinatorial structure 'covers' another, or how large the structure has to be to do that. Covering problems are minimization problems and usually integer linear programs, whose dual problems are called packing problems.

The most prominent examples of covering problems are the set cover problem, which is equivalent to the hitting set problem, and its special cases, the vertex cover problem and the edge cover problem.

Covering problems allow the covering primitives to overlap; the process of covering something with non-overlapping primitives is called decomposition.

Vertex cover in hypergraphs
In graph theory, a vertex cover in a hypergraph is a set of vertices, such that every hyperedge of the hypergraph contains at least one vertex of that set. It is an extension of the notion of vertex cover in a graph.: 466–470

An equivalent term is a hitting set: given a collection of sets, a set which intersects all sets in the collection in at least one element is called a hitting set. The equivalence can be seen by mapping the sets in the collection onto hyperedges.

Another equivalent term, used more in a combinatorial context, is transversal. However, some definitions of transversal require that every hyperedge of the hypergraph contains precisely one vertex from the set.
Yuvarlakia
Yuvarlakia or giouvarlakia (Greek: γιουβαρλάκια) is a Greek dish; it consists of balls of ground meat, rice, and seasonings, cooked in a pot in water or meat broth. The mixture is similar to that used for making sarma. They may be served in tomato or avgolemono sauce. Depending on the thickness of the sauce, it may be considered a soup or a stew.

Stuffed leaves
Stuffed leaves—more commonly known by its sub-types stuffed grape leaves,  stuffed vine leaves, or stuffed cabbage leaves—are a food made of leaves rolled around a filling of minced meat, grains such as rice, or both. It is occasionally known in the English-speaking world by its Turkish name, sarma, which, as a dish of the Ottoman Empire, is also used in Armenian and some Eastern European languages. Since the Ottoman Empire's dissolution, its popularity persists in Turkish, Persian, Greek, Romanian, Iraqi, Levantine, Egyptian cuisin, former Yugoslav constituent states, and Armenian cuisines.

Wrapped leaf dishes are part of the broader category of stuffed dishes known as dolma, and they have equivalents (such as the Polish gołąbki) in Eastern European cuisines from the northern Baltic through Romania. The type of leaves used commonly includes cabbage, patience dock, collard, grapevine, kale, or chard leaves.
Southcott (surname)
Southcott is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrew Southcott (born 1967), Australian politician

Ernest Southcott (1915–1976), Anglican priest

Heather Southcott (1928–2014), Australian politician

James Henry Southcott (1857–1913), Australian founder of Southcott Limited

Joanna Southcott (1750–1814), English self-described religious prophetess

Mary Southcott (1862–1943), Newfoundland nurse and hospital administrator

Ronald Vernon Southcott (1918–1998), Australian medical zoologist

Andrew Southcott
Andrew John Southcott (born 15 October 1967) is an Australian politician and medical practitioner. He was the Liberal member for the House of Representatives seat of Boothby from the 1996 election until he stood down at the 2016 election.
Jan Joachim Tarło
Jan Joachim Tarło (November 30, 1658 – August 13, 1732, in Vienna) was a Polish clergyman and bishop for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Poznań. He became ordained in 1719. He was appointed bishop in 1718. He died in 1732.

Jan Joachim Tarło was son of Jan Aleksander Tarło and Anna Czartoryska. His uncle was Kazimierz Florian Czartoryski, archbishop of Gniezno.

He was born on November 30, 1658, and baptized on December 26, 1658. There is no consensus among authors where he was born. According to some authors the place of his birth was Wadowice, but according to others he was born in Sandomierz Voivodeship. Tarło could be born in Wadowice Górne, which was in Sandomierz Voivodeship.

Wadowice
Wadowice (Polish: [vadɔˈvit͡sɛ] ⓘ) is a town in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship in southern Poland, 50 kilometres (31 miles) southwest of Kraków with 17,455 inhabitants (2022), situated on the Skawa river, confluence of Vistula, in the eastern part of Silesian Foothills (Pogórze Śląskie). Wadowice is known for being the birthplace of Karol Wojtyła, later Pope John Paul II and Godwin von Brumowski, Austria-Hungary’s best flying ace with 35 credited and an additional 8 possible wins in the air.
Ribosylnicotinamide kinase
In enzymology, a ribosylnicotinamide kinase (EC 2.7.1.22) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

ATP + N-ribosylnicotinamide  ADP + nicotinamide ribonucleotide

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and N-ribosylnicotinamide, whereas its two products are ADP and nicotinamide ribonucleotide.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing groups (phosphotransferases) with an alcohol group as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:N-ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphotransferase. This enzyme is also called ribosylnicotinamide kinase (phosphorylating).  This enzyme participates in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism.

Nicotinamide riboside
Nicotinamide riboside (NR, SR647) is a pyridine-nucleoside and a form of vitamin B3. It functions as a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, or NAD+,
through a two-step and a three-step pathway.
Ilana Rooderkerk
Ilana Rooderkerk (pronounced [iˈlaːnaː ˈroːdərkɛr(ə)k]; born 4 May 1987) is a Dutch actress, political scientist and politician of the Democrats 66 (D66), who has served as a member of the House of Representatives since 2023. She previously held a seat in the municipal council of Amsterdam from 2018 to 2023. As an actress, Rooderkerk portrayed the character of Esmée Klein in the soap opera Onderweg naar Morgen from 2005 to 2010.

Municipal council (Netherlands)
In the Netherlands, the municipal council (Dutch: gemeenteraad [ɣəˈmeːn.təˌraːt] ⓘ) is the elected assembly of a municipality. Its main role is laying down the guidelines for the policy of the municipal executive and exercising control over its execution by the mayor and aldermen.

The municipal councils range in size from nine to 45 seats (as in Amsterdam, the capital city), depending on the municipality's population, and are elected by the population every four years. In many municipalities all major political parties contest in the election in addition to local parties. In most major, urban municipalities, all major parties are represented in the municipal council, while in smaller and more rural municipalities, only the largest parties and a local party have seats in the municipal council.
Werner Rolevinck
Werner Rolevinck (1425–1502) was a Carthusian monk and historian who wrote about 50 titles. He was born near Laer, Westphalia, the son of a wealthy farmer. In 1447 he entered Cologne Charterhouse, where he later died. His most famous work was his history of the world from Creation to Pope Sixtus IV, the Fasciculus temporum ("Little bundles of time"), which was published in many editions and translations between 1474 and 1726, including almost 40 editions during his lifetime. His other well-known work was a description of the manners and customs of his native land entitled De laude veteris Saxsoniæ nunc Westphaliæ dictæ.
His master work was translated into French in 1495 by Pierre Desrey as Fleurs et manières des temps passés.

Cologne Charterhouse
Cologne Charterhouse (German: Kölner Kartause) was a Carthusian monastery or charterhouse established in the Severinsviertel district, in the present Altstadt-Süd, of Cologne, Germany. Founded in 1334, the monastery developed into the largest charterhouse in Germany until it was forcibly dissolved in 1794 by the invading French Revolutionary troops. The building complex was then neglected until World War II, when it was mostly destroyed. The present building complex is very largely a post-war reconstruction. Since 1928, the Carthusian church, dedicated to Saint Barbara, has belonged to the Protestant congregation of Cologne.
Three Angels and Young Tobias
Three Archangels with Young Tobias is a painting by the Italian Renaissance painter Filippino Lippi, dated c. 1485. It is housed in the Galleria Sabauda of Turin.

On the background of a rocky landscape, resembling that of the London Adoration of the Magi, the picture represents the three archangels: Michael on the left, Raphael in the centre, and Gabriel holding a lily, together with a young Tobias, son of Tobit. The scene is clearly inspired by a Voyage of Tobias by Francesco Botticini, once in the Florentine church of Florence and now in the Uffizi, while the angels resemble those painted by Filippino himself in the Liberation of St. Peter in the Brancacci Chapel.

The work was once attributed to Sandro Botticelli or his workshop.

Uffizi
The Uffizi Gallery (UK: /juːˈfɪtsi, ʊˈfiːtsi/ yoo-FIT-see, uu-FEET-see; Italian: Galleria degli Uffizi, pronounced [ɡalleˈriːa deʎʎ ufˈfittsi]) is a prominent art museum adjacent to the Piazza della Signoria in the Historic Centre of Florence in the region of Tuscany, Italy. One of the most important Italian museums and the most visited, it is also one of the largest and best-known in the world and holds a collection of priceless works, particularly from the period of the Italian Renaissance.

After the ruling House of Medici died out, their art collections were given to the city of Florence under the famous Patto di famiglia ("family pact") negotiated by Anna Maria Luisa, the last Medici heiress. The Uffizi is one of the first modern museums. The gallery had been open to visitors by request since the sixteenth century, and in 1769 it was officially opened to the public, formally becoming a museum in 1865.
Ramam Raghavam
Ramam Raghavam is a 2025 Indian Telugu-language drama thriller film directed by Dhanraj Koranani in his directorial debut. The film features Samuthirakani, Dhanraj Koranani, Harish Uthaman, Satya, Srinivas Reddy, Pruthviraj, Mokksha, and Pramodini. The film was also partially filmed in Tamil. It was released on 21 February 2025.

Mokksha
Pritha Sengupta, professionally credited as Mokksha, is an Indian film actress and classical dancer, who started her career in Bengali films and she also appeared in Tamil cinema, Telugu cinema and Malayalam cinema. Her debut Bengali film lead role is Karma (2020); she made debuts in Tamil with Yevaal (2022), Telugu with Lucky Lakshman (2022) and Malayalam with Kallanum Bhagavathiyum (2023).
Blank (solution)
A blank solution is a solution containing little to no analyte of interest, usually used to calibrate instruments such as a colorimeter. According to the EPA, the "primary purpose of blanks is to trace sources of artificially introduced contamination." Different types of blanks are used to identify the source of contamination in the sample. The types of blanks include equipment blank, field blank, trip blank, method blank, and instrument blank.

Solution (chemistry)
In chemistry, a solution is defined by IUPAC as "A liquid or solid phase containing more than one substance, when for convenience one (or more) substance, which is called the solvent, is treated differently from the other substances, which are called solutes. When, as is often but not necessarily the case, the sum of the mole fractions of solutes is small compared with unity, the solution is called a dilute solution." One parameter of a solution is the concentration, which is a measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solution or solvent. The term "aqueous solution" is used when one of the solvents is water.
2025 Montemar Challenger – Doubles
Karol Drzewiecki and Piotr Matuszewski were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Erik Grevelius and Adam Heinonen won the title after defeating Federico Bondioli and Gianluca Cadenasso 6–3, 6–3 in the final.

Adam Heinonen
Adam Heinonen (born 22 August 2002) is a Swedish tennis player.

Heinonen has a career high ATP singles ranking of No. 735 achieved on 17 February 2025 and a career high ATP doubles ranking of No. 184 achieved on 2 February 2026.

Heinonen made his ATP main draw debut at the 2024 Stockholm Open after receiving a wildcard into the doubles main draw with Leo Borg.

Heinonen represents Sweden at the Davis Cup, though he has not yet appeared in a match.
Timoci Volavola
Timoci Volavola is a Fijian rugby union player. He has played in the Fiji rugby sevens side including the victorious IRB Sevens World Series Champions side of 2006. He has also played club rugby in Sydney, Australia with Randwick DRUFC.

Fiji national rugby sevens team
The Fiji national rugby sevens team has competed in the World Rugby Sevens Series, Rugby World Cup Sevens and the Olympics. Fiji won the gold medal in the inaugural rugby sevens at the Summer Olympics in 2016 in Brazil, the country's first Olympic medal in any event, and repeated as Olympic champions in the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, defeating New Zealand. Fiji would fall short from winning gold for a third straight time in 2024 after a defeat in the final to hosts France. Overall, Fiji are the only national rugby sevens team in the world to have won the Sevens Treble (the Olympics, Sevens Series, and World Cup), the three major achievements in Sevens. They have won multiple World Rugby Sevens Series and Rugby World Cup Sevens.

Fiji Sevens is watched and enjoyed by fans around the world for its style of play — the "Flying Fijians" play with Fijian flair. Their passing and offloads can be unorthodox for traditional rugby coaching, and more similar to basketball style.
Mattias Elfström
Mattias Elfström (born 8 January 1997) is a Swedish professional ice hockey forward currently playing for Hanhals IF of the Hockeyettan (Div.1). He was drafted by the Detroit Red Wings in the seventh round, 197th overall, in the 2016 NHL Entry Draft.

Elfström played nine games in the Swedish Hockey League for the Malmö Redhawks. Approaching the 2018–19 season, Elfström left Västerviks IK of the HockeyAllsvenskan, moving down a tier to the Hockeyettan with Hanhals IF on September 21, 2018.

HockeyAllsvenskan
HockeyAllsvenskan (previously Allsvenskan and SuperAllsvenskan) is a professional ice hockey league, and the second-highest league in the Swedish ice hockey system, after the SHL. Since the 2009–10 season, the league has consisted of fourteen teams.
Robert Henry Southwell
Robert Henry Southwell (October 1745 – 29 August 1817), styled The Honourable from 1766, was an Irish politician.

He was the second son of Thomas Southwell, 1st Viscount Southwell and his wife Margaret Hamilton, daughter of Arthur Cecil Hamilton. Southwell served as lieutenant-colonel of the 8th Dragoons. In 1776, he entered the Irish House of Commons for Downpatrick, representing the constituency until 1783.

In 1786, he married Frideswide Moore, daughter of John Moore, and had by her a son and a daughter. Southwell died at Clontarf, Dublin.

Irish House of Commons
The Irish House of Commons (Irish: Teach na gComóntach, Teach na dTeachtaí) was the lower house of the Parliament of Ireland that existed from 1297 until the end of 1800. The upper house was the House of Lords. The membership of the House of Commons was directly elected, but on a highly restrictive franchise, similar to the unreformed House of Commons in contemporary Great Britain. Catholics were disqualified from sitting in the Irish parliament from 1691, even though they comprised the vast majority of the Irish population.

The Irish executive, known as the Dublin Castle administration, under the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, was not answerable to the House of Commons but to the British government. However, the Chief Secretary for Ireland was usually a member of the Irish parliament. In the Commons, business was presided over by the Speaker.

From 1 January 1801, it ceased to exist and was succeeded by the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.
Slavčo Georgievski
Slavčo Georgievski (Macedonian: Славчо Георгиевски; born 30 March 1980 in Skopje, SR Macedonia, SFRY) is a retired footballer from Macedonia, who last played for Inter Baku as a midfielder and currently manager for FK Skopje.from 01.01-2025-… Fc Kozuf head coach

Şamaxı FK
Şamaxı Futbol Klubu (pronounced [ʃɑmɑˈxɯ], lit. 'Shamakhi Football Club') is an Azerbaijani professional football club based in Shamakhi, which competes in the Azerbaijan Premier League. The club has won the Premier League title twice. Previously the club was known as Xəzər Universiteti FK (1999–2004), İnter Bakı PİK (2004–2017) and Keşlə FK (2017–2022).
Jonathan Rosenbaum
Jonathan Rosenbaum (born February 27, 1943) is an American film critic and author. Rosenbaum was the head film critic for The Chicago Reader from 1987 to 2008. He has published and edited numerous books about cinema and has contributed to such notable film publications as Cahiers du cinéma and Film Comment.

Regarding Rosenbaum, French New Wave director Jean-Luc Godard said, "I think there is a very good film critic in the United States today, a successor of James Agee, and that is Jonathan Rosenbaum. He's one of the best; we don't have writers like him in France today. He's like André Bazin."

Cahiers du Cinéma
Cahiers du Cinéma (French pronunciation: [kaje dy sinema], lit. 'notebooks on cinema') is a French film magazine co-founded in 1951 by André Bazin, Jacques Doniol-Valcroze, and Joseph-Marie Lo Duca. It developed from the earlier magazine Revue du Cinéma (lit. 'review of cinema' established in 1928) involving members of two Paris film clubs— Objectif 49 (Objective 49) (Robert Bresson, Jean Cocteau, and Alexandre Astruc, among others) and the Ciné-Club du Quartier Latin (Latin Quarter Cinema Club).

Initially edited by Doniol-Valcroze and, after 1957, by Éric Rohmer (aka, Maurice Scherer), it included amongst its writers Jacques Rivette, Jean-Luc Godard, Claude Chabrol, and François Truffaut, who went on to become highly influential filmmakers. It is the oldest French-language film magazine in publication.
1979 Australian Open – Men's singles
Defending champion Guillermo Vilas defeated John Sadri in the final, 7–6(7–4), 6–3, 6–2 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1979 Australian Open. It was his second Australian Open title and fourth and last major singles title overall.

John Sadri
John Sadri (born September 19, 1956) is a former tennis player from the United States. Sadri, an All-American at North Carolina State, reached the finals of the 1978 men's NCAA singles championship, losing to John McEnroe in four sets. He reached the final of the 1979 Australian Open, losing in straight sets to Guillermo Vilas. He won two singles titles and achieved a career-high singles ranking of World No. 14 in September 1980. Sadri formerly ran a junior tennis academy at Russell Tennis Center in Charlotte, North Carolina.
Rhomaioi
Rhomaioi or Romaioi (Ῥωμαῖοι) were the Greek-speaking inhabitants of Southern Europe and Western Asia that identified as Romans starting from Late Antiquity. Although modern scholarship commonly refers to these populations as Byzantines, Eastern Romans, or Byzantine Greeks, they consistently understood their identity as Roman, rooted in imperial continuity, the Christian faith, and the Greek language and culture. Over time, Rhōmaios became closely associated with the Eastern Orthodox Church as well as Greek speech, and the identity continued in use among Greek Orthodox communities after the fall of Constantinople in 1453.

Rum millet
Rūm millet (Ottoman Turkish: millet-i Rûm, lit. 'Roman nation') was the name of the Eastern Orthodox Christian community in the Ottoman Empire, and often Anatolia in particular. Despite being subordinated within the Ottoman political system, the community maintained a certain internal autonomy.
Aleksandra Čamagić
Aleksandra Čamagić (Serbian Cyrillic: Александра Чамагић; born 1985) is a politician and administrator in Serbia. She briefly served in the National Assembly of Serbia in 2020 as a member of the Serbian Patriotic Alliance (Srpski patriotski savez, SPAS) and is now an assistant minister in the country's ministry of family welfare and demography.

New Belgrade
New Belgrade (Serbian: Нови Београд / Novi Beograd, pronounced [nôʋiː beǒɡrad]) is a municipality of the city of Belgrade. It was a planned city and now is the central business district of Serbia and South East Europe. Construction began in 1948 in a previously uninhabited area on the left bank of the Sava river, opposite old Belgrade. In recent years, it has become the central business district of Belgrade and its fastest developing area, with many businesses moving to the new part of the city, due to more modern infrastructure and larger available space. With 209,763 inhabitants, it is the second most populous municipality of Serbia after Novi Sad.
Matt Herkenhoff
Matthew Bernard Herkenhoff (born April 2, 1951) is an American former professional football offensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Kansas City Chiefs between 1976 and 1985. He played for the New York Stars/Charlotte Hornets of the World Football League (WFL) in 1974.

World Football League
The World Football League (WFL) was an American football league that played one full season in 1974 and most of its second in 1975. Although the league's proclaimed ambition was to bring American football onto a worldwide stage, only one team – the Hawaiians in Honolulu, Hawaii – was headquartered outside of continental North America. The league folded in 1975 midway through its second season.
Karuṇā
Karuṇā (Sanskrit: करुणा) is generally translated as compassion or mercy and sometimes as self-compassion or spiritual longing. It is a significant spiritual concept in the Indic religions of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism.

Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu (also known as Ajahn Geoff; born December 28, 1949) is an American Buddhist monk and author. Belonging to the Thai Forest Tradition, he studied for ten years under the forest master Ajahn Fuang Jotiko (himself a student of Ajahn Lee). Since 1993, he has served as abbot of the Metta Forest Monastery in San Diego County, California—the first monastery in the Thai Forest Tradition in the U.S.—which he cofounded with Ajahn Suwat Suvaco.

Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu is perhaps best known for his translations of the Dhammapada and the Sutta Pitaka—almost 1000 suttas in all—provided free of charge on his website "Talks, Writing & Translations of Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu" as well as translations from the dhamma talks of the Thai forest ajahns. He has also authored several dhamma-related works of his own, and has compiled study-guides of his Pali translations.
Ernesto Noris
Ernesto Noris Chacón    (born November 24, 1972) is a Cuban baseball pitcher. He played in the Serie Nacional Baseball for Industriales and then defected to Brazil where he played. He represented Brazil at the 2008 Americas Baseball Cup and the 2013 World Baseball Classic.

Brazil national baseball team
The Brazil national baseball team (Portuguese: Seleção Brasileira de Beisebol) is the national baseball team of Brazil. The team represents Brazil in international competitions. It is currently ranked 22nd in the world.

The Brazilian team was once nicknamed both as "Araras Azuis" (Blue Parrots) and "Os Carteiros" (The Correios Mailmans) due the main blue and yellow uniforms, but as 2025, there is not an official nickname or a widely known nickname.

Team Brazil will compete in the 2026 World Baseball Classic in March 2026.