hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Block Realty Building
The Block Realty Building is a historic commercial building at 723 West Markham Street in Little Rock, Arkansas.  It is a two-story structure, built out of steel and concrete, with a flat roof.  It is supported by corten steel columns, with its first floor predominantly finished in glass, and the upper level in aggregate concrete tiles.  It was built in 1964 to a design by architect-engineer Eugene Levy, and is a good local example of commercial Mid-Century Modern architecture.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018.

Weathering steel
Weathering steel, often called corten steel (or its trademarked name, COR-TEN) is a group of steel alloys that form a stable external layer of rust that eliminates the need for painting.

U.S. Steel (USS) holds the registered trademark on the name COR-TEN. The name COR-TEN refers to the two distinguishing properties of this type of steel: corrosion resistance and tensile strength. Although USS sold its discrete plate business to International Steel Group (now ArcelorMittal) in 2003, it makes COR-TEN branded material in strip mill plate and sheet forms.

The original COR-TEN received the standard designation A242 (COR-TEN A) from the ASTM International standards group. Newer ASTM grades are A588 (COR-TEN B) and A606 for thin sheet. All of the alloys are in common production and use.

The surface oxidation generally takes six months to develop, although surface treatments can accelerate this to as little as one hour.
A Geography of Blood
A Geography of Blood: Unearthing Memory from a Prairie Landscape is a 2012 book by Canadian author Candace Savage. The book combines natural and human history to reconstruct the past of Southwest Saskatchewan, and in particular the settlement of the region by Canadians, which relied on the forceful removal of the region's Indigenous peoples. Savage explores the colonial history of the area, including the slaughter of the Plains bison, which was an integral part of Indigenous prairie life. The author was inspired initially by a stay in the town of Eastend at the childhood home of American author Wallace Stegner, who also wrote about the region in his autobiography Wolf Willow.

Eastend
Eastend is a town in south-west part of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan, situated approximately 55 kilometres (34 mi) north of the Montana border and 85 kilometres (53 mi) east of the Alberta border.

The town is best known for the nearby discovery of a Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton nicknamed "Scotty" in 1994. The town has used the discovery of this fossil as the main centrepiece in the construction of a museum called the T.rex Discovery Centre, which opened on May 30, 2003. The centre is operated by the Royal Saskatchewan Museum, and contains the RSM Fossil Research Station.
JUDGES Act of 2024
The Judicial Understaffing Delays Getting Emergencies Solved (JUDGES) Act of 2024 was a legislative proposal aimed at expanding the Federal judiciary of the United States to address increasing caseloads and judicial backlogs. The bill sought to create 66 new federal district judgeships across 25 district courts in 13 states, including California, Florida, and Texas, with the additions phased in over several years through 2035.

The bill passed in Congress with a vote of 236–173, which represented the first attempt at a major expansion of the judiciary in 30 years, although Senators Dick Durbin and Jerry Nadler accused Republicans of suspicious timing in the introduction of the bill.

Todd Young
Todd Christopher Young (born August 24, 1972) is an American politician and attorney serving as the senior United States senator from Indiana, a seat he has held since 2017. A member of the Republican Party, Young previously served as the U.S. representative for Indiana's 9th congressional district. He was elected to the United States Senate in the November 8, 2016, general election, succeeding retiring Republican Dan Coats, and became Indiana's senior senator in January 2019 when Joe Donnelly left the seat following his defeat. From 2019 to 2021, he served as the chair of the National Republican Senatorial Committee. Young was reelected in 2022.
Kris Newby
Kris Newby (born 21 January 1988) is a Semi-professional footballer who is a player for East Thurrock Community FC

Newby started his career with East Thurrock United in the Isthmian League North Division. He left East Thurrock after their defeat in the Isthmian League Premier Division Play-offs loss to Lowestoft Town. He then Joined Witham Town in the Isthmian League North Division and he was their top-scorer that season and winning the Isthmian North Division Play-offs.

Takeley F.C.
Takeley Football Club is an English football club based in Takeley, Essex. The club are currently members of the Isthmian League North Division, which sits at step 4 (Level 8 of National League System). Takeley were promoted to the Step 4 football on the 3rd May after beating Woodford Town 2-0 in the playoff final in front of a record crowd of 1,003 people. Takeley will be in the Isthmian North League for the 25/26 season. Takeley FC play at the Full Vision Stadium, Station Road, Takeley.

Takeley FC is managed by Kieran Amos. With the club captain being Glenn O'Hanlon and the vice captain being Charlie Wardle(Allum).
Symphony No. 9 (Michael Haydn)
Michael Haydn's Symphony No. 9 in D major, Perger 36, Sherman 9, MH 50, was written in Salzburg in 1766. It is the 21st D major symphony attributed to Joseph Haydn in Hoboken's catalog.

Scored for 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, and strings. In four movements:

Allegro assai

Andante in D minor

Minuet and Trio

Presto assai

Note however that Sherman and other scholars believe the Minuet and Trio may have been composed by someone else.

Anthony van Hoboken
Anthony van Hoboken (/ˈhoʊboʊkən/ HOH-boh-kən, Dutch: [vɑn ˈɦoːboːkə(n)]; 23 March 1887 – 1 November 1983) was a Dutch musical collector, bibliographer, and musicologist. He became especially well known for his scholarship on the music of Joseph Haydn and in particular for being the creator of the Hoboken catalogue, the standard scholarly catalogue of Haydn's works.
Tajhon Mailata
Tajhon Smallman Mailata (born 21 January 1986 in Auckland, New Zealand) currently plays rugby union for the Wellington Lions having transferred from the Bay of Plenty Steamers just prior to the 2010 season. Before relocating to New Zealand he played for Australian team Western Force.

He stands at 184 cm and weighs 94 kg, and his favoured position is fullback. He has been referred to as a "dazzling runner with ball in hand".

Moving to Australia with his family in 1996, Tajhon attended Brisbane's Nudgee College, winning an undefeated premiership with the school team in 2002 and graduating in 2003. While at Nudgee, Tajhon played fullback for the Australian schoolboys team, named as a reserve.

Tajhon is of mixed Māori, Samoan and European heritage. His iwi are Ngāti Tuwharetoa, Ngaiterangi and Ngapuhi.

Western Force
The Western Force is an Australian professional rugby union team based in Perth, Western Australia, currently competing in Super Rugby Pacific. They previously played in Super Rugby from 2006 until they were axed from the competition in 2017. Following their axing they played in the National Rugby Championship in 2018 and 2019, replacing the Perth Spirit, and Global Rapid Rugby from 2018 to 2020, an Indo-Pacific competition organised by Andrew Forrest.

Following the cancellation of both the 2020 Super Rugby season and 2020 Global Rapid Rugby season due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Western Force were invited to compete in the 2020 Super Rugby AU season, a domestic competition organised by Rugby Australia to replace the cancelled Super Rugby season. The Force competed in the 2021 Super Rugby AU season and Super Rugby Trans-Tasman, before being confirmed that their return to Super Rugby will be permanent in the revamped 2022 Super Rugby Pacific season.
2004–05 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team
The 2004–05 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team represented the University of Kansas Jayhawks for the NCAA Division I men's 2004–05 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by Bill Self in his second season as head coach. The team played its home games at Allen Fieldhouse in Lawrence, Kansas. The Jayhawks finished the season with a record of 23–7, 12–4 in Big 12 play to finish in a tie for first place in conference. The season marked the first of an NCAA record-setting 14 consecutive conference championships for Kansas. They lost to Oklahoma State in the semifinals of the Big 12 tournament. They received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament as a No. 3 seed in the Syracuse Region. The Jayhawks were upset in the first round by Bucknell on a last second shot.

2005 Big 12 men's basketball tournament
The 2005 Big 12 men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Big 12 Conference. It was played from March 10 to 13 in Kansas City, Missouri at Kemper Arena. Oklahoma State won the tournament for the 2nd time and received the conference's automatic bid to the 2005 NCAA tournament.
Krokowa
Krokowa [krɔˈkɔva] is a village in Puck County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Krokowa.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Puck County
Puck County (Polish: powiat pucki, Kashubian: pùcczi pòwiat) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland, on the Baltic coast. The powiat of this name existed  in the history of Poland, since the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth up to 1795, and then reintroduced in 1999.
Elm Court (Lenox and Stockbridge, Massachusetts)
Elm Court is a former Vanderbilt mansion located on Old Stockbridge Road, straddling the town line between Lenox and Stockbridge, Massachusetts. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and until July 2012 was owned and operated as a hotel by descendants of the original owners.

Elm Court was built as the Berkshire summer home of William Douglas Sloane and Emily Thorn Vanderbilt, a member of the wealthy American Vanderbilt family. Designed by premier architectural firm Peabody and Stearns, with gardens and landscape design by Frederick Law Olmsted, Elm Court is the largest Shingle style house in the United States, with 106 rooms.

Stockbridge, Massachusetts
Stockbridge is a town in Berkshire County in Western Massachusetts, United States. It is part of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts, Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 2,018 at the 2020 census. A year-round resort area, Stockbridge is home to the Norman Rockwell Museum, Naumkeag, a public garden and historic house, the Austen Riggs Center (a psychiatric treatment center), and Chesterwood, home and studio of sculptor Daniel Chester French.
The Field of Life and Death
The Field of Life and Death (simplified Chinese: 生死场; traditional Chinese: 生死場; pinyin: Shēng sǐ chǎng) is a modern Chinese novel written by Xiao Hong, first published in complete form in 1935. Along with Tales of Hulan River, it is generally regarded as one of Xiao Hong's most successful works.

Set in a village near the city of Harbin, the novel examines the difficulties of peasant life during the 1920s and early 1930s, and in particular the suffering of women. The latter part of the novel also deals with life under occupation after the Japanese invasion of Manchuria.

Japanese invasion of Manchuria
The Empire of Japan's Kwantung Army invaded the Manchuria region of China on 18 September 1931, immediately following the Mukden incident,  a false flag event staged by Japanese military personnel as a pretext to invade. At the war's end in February 1932, the Japanese established the puppet state of Manchukuo. The occupation lasted until mid-August 1945, towards the end of the Second World War, in the face of an onslaught by the Soviet Union and Mongolia during the Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation.

With the invasion having attracted great international attention, the League of Nations produced the Lytton Commission (headed by British politician Victor Bulwer-Lytton) to evaluate the situation, with the organization delivering its findings in October 1932. Its findings and recommendations that the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo not be recognized and the return of Manchuria to Chinese sovereignty prompted the Japanese government to withdraw from the League entirely.
Patrick Callaghan
Patrick Callaghan (12 August 1879 – 26 February 1959) was a Scottish footballer who played for Hibernian and represented Scotland once. Callaghan, who played mainly as an inside left, was a "superb servant" of Hibernian, playing for the club for his whole career from debut in 1899 until his retirement in 1914.

Early in his time with the club, he won the Scottish Cup in 1902 and the league championship in 1903; Callaghan made 21 appearances and scored nine goals in the latter triumph.

Callaghan represented Scotland once, in a 1900 British Home Championship match against Ireland. He also played for the Scottish Football League XI twice (1900 and 1903).

Scottish Football League XI
The Scottish League XI was a representative side of the Scottish Football League. The team regularly played against the (English) Football League and other national league select teams between 1892 and 1980. For a long period the annual fixture between the English and Scottish leagues was only second in importance to the matches between the two national teams. The fixture declined in importance after regular European club competition was instituted in the 1950s; matches in the 1960s and 1970s were played irregularly and poorly attended. A match involving a Scottish League XI was last played in 1990, to mark the centenary of the League.
Kalumburu, Western Australia
Kalumburu (and Kalumburu Community, formerly Drysdale River Mission) are bounded localities within the Shire of Wyndham-East Kimberley in Western Australia (postcode 6740). Kalumburu Community is the northernmost settlement in Western Australia.

According to the 2011 census, it has a population of 412 people and is inhabited mostly by Aboriginal people from the Wunambal and Kwini language groups.  Kalumburu Community is remote from any main roads – the nearest is the Gibb River Road, 270 km to the south via the Kalumburu Road. It was the site of a World War II airbase, which was attacked by Japanese planes in 1943.

Wunambal language
The Wunambal language, also known as Northern Worrorran, Gamberre, or Gambera, is a moribund Australian Aboriginal language of Western Australia. It has several dialects, including Yiiji, Gunin, Miwa, and Wilawila (with Gaambera and Wunambal also distinguished as separate). It is spoken by the Wunambal people.

Wunambal is one of three Worrorran languages, the others being (Western) Worrorra and Ngarinyin (Eastern Worrorra, or Ungarinjin).

As of 2020, "Wunambal Gaambera" is part of a language revival project.
Fuzzy rule
Fuzzy rules are used within fuzzy logic systems to infer an output based on input variables. Modus ponens and modus tollens are the most important rules of inference.  A modus ponens rule is in the form

Premise: x is A

Implication: IF x is A THEN y is B

Consequent: y is B

In crisp logic, the premise x is A can only be true or false. However, in a fuzzy rule, the premise x is A and the consequent y is B can be true to a degree, instead of entirely true or entirely false. This is achieved by representing the linguistic variables A and B using fuzzy sets. In a fuzzy rule, modus ponens is extended to generalised modus ponens:.

Premise: x is A*

Implication: IF x is A THEN y is B

Consequent: y is B*

The key difference is that the premise x is A can be only partially true. As a result, the consequent y is B is also partially true. Truth is represented as a real number between 0 and 1, where 0 is false and 1 is true.

Modus ponens
In propositional logic, modus ponens (/ˈmoʊdəs ˈpoʊnɛnz/; MP), also known as modus ponendo ponens (from Latin 'mode that by affirming affirms'), implication elimination, or affirming the antecedent, is a deductive argument form and rule of inference. It can be summarized as "P implies Q. P is true. Therefore, Q must also be true."

Modus ponens is a mixed hypothetical syllogism and is closely related to another valid form of argument, modus tollens. Both have apparently similar but invalid forms: affirming the consequent and denying the antecedent. Constructive dilemma is the disjunctive version of modus ponens.

The history of modus ponens goes back to antiquity. The first to explicitly describe the argument form modus ponens was Theophrastus. It, along with modus tollens, is one of the standard patterns of inference that can be applied to derive chains of conclusions that lead to the desired goal.
Australian Music Centre
The Australian Music Centre (AMC), founded as Australia Music Centre in 1974 and known as Sounds Australian in the 1990s, is a national organisation promoting and supporting art music in Australia. It operates mainly as a service organisation, and co-hosts the Art Music Awards along with APRA AMCOS. It also publishes Resonate Magazine.

Creative Australia
Creative Australia, formerly known as the Australia Council for the Arts and the Australia Council, is the country's official arts council, serving as an arts funding and advisory body for the Government of Australia.

The council was announced in 1967 as the Australian Council for the Arts, with the first members appointed the following year. It was made a statutory corporation by the passage of the Australia Council Act 1975. It became the Australia Council in 2013, and then Creative Australia, with a new organisational structure, from 24 August 2023.

The organisation has included several boards within its structure over the years, including more than one incarnation of a Visual Arts Board (VAB), in the 1970s–80s and in the early 2000s.
Vörnir
Vörnir is a jötunn in Nordic mythology. He is only extant in Nafnaþulur in the Prose Edda.

The name has been connected to the PIE  root *ver- (from *verunyos?), meaning "to cover". Cognates in other Indo-European languages have been suggested, but remain uncertain. The Vedic Varuna, the Mitanni names aruna and urvana, Uranos, the sky god in Greek mythology, the Slavic god Veles, and velnias, the Lithuanian for "devil".

Uranus (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Uranus (/ˈjʊərənəs/ YOOR-ə-nəs, also /jʊˈreɪnəs/ yoo-RAY-nəs), sometimes written Ouranos (Ancient Greek: Οὐρανός, lit. 'sky', [uːranós]), is the personification of the sky and one of the Greek primordial deities. According to Hesiod, Uranus was the son and husband of Gaia (Earth), with whom he fathered the first generation of Titans. However, no cult addressed directly to Uranus survived into classical times, and Uranus does not appear among the usual themes of Greek painted pottery. Elemental Earth, Sky, and Styx might be joined, however, in solemn invocation in Homeric epic. The translation of his name in Latin is Caelus.
Competitive equilibrium
Competitive equilibrium (also called: Walrasian equilibrium) is a concept of economic equilibrium, introduced by Kenneth Arrow and Gérard Debreu in 1951, appropriate for the analysis of commodity markets with flexible prices and many traders, and serving as the benchmark of efficiency in economic analysis. It relies crucially on the assumption of a competitive environment where each trader decides upon a quantity that is so small compared to the total quantity traded in the market that their individual transactions have no influence on the prices. Competitive markets are an ideal standard by which other market structures are evaluated.

Kenneth Arrow
Kenneth Joseph Arrow (August 23, 1921 – February 21, 2017) was an American economist, mathematician and political theorist. He received the John Bates Clark Medal in 1957, and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1972, along with John Hicks.

In economics, Arrow was a major figure in postwar neoclassical economic theory. Four of his students (Roger Myerson, Eric Maskin, John Harsanyi, and Michael Spence) went on to become Nobel laureates themselves. His contributions to social choice theory, notably his "impossibility theorem", and his work on general equilibrium analysis are significant. His work in many other areas of economics, including endogenous growth theory and the economics of information, was also foundational.
Valdayka
The Valdayka (Russian: Валда́йка) is a river in Valdaysky District of Novgorod Oblast and in Bologovsky District of Tver Oblast in Russia. It is a tributary of Lake Piros and belongs to the basin of the river Msta. It is 50 kilometres (31 mi) long, and the area of its basin 783 square kilometres (302 sq mi).

The Valdayka flows over the Valdai Hills and is a part of the waterway from Lake Valdayskoye to Lake Ilmen. The source of the Valdayka is in Lake Uzhin within the Valdaysky National Park, close to the town of Valday. The river flows north-east to Lake Piros. It runs through a number of lakes 3 to 4 kilometres (1.9 to 2.5 mi) long and 300 to 400 metres (980 to 1,310 ft) wide, in particular, Lake Zakidovskoye and Lake Plotichno. The Moscow – Saint Petersburg Railway crosses the Valdayka close to the village of Lykoshino. Since the Berezayka flows through the Lake Piros, the Valdayka is considered its tributary.

As many rivers in the Valdai Hills, it is a popular rafting route.

Lykoshino
Lykoshino (Russian: Лыкошино) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Lykoshino (settlement), Bologovsky District, Tver Oblast, a settlement in Bologovsky District of Tver Oblast

Lykoshino (village), Bologovsky District, Tver Oblast, a village in Bologovsky District of Tver Oblast

Lykoshino, Lesnoy District, Tver Oblast, a village in Lesnoy District of Tver Oblast

Lykoshino, Danilovsky District, Yaroslavl Oblast, a village in Danilovsky District of Yaroslavl Oblast

Lykoshino, Tutayevsky District, Yaroslavl Oblast, a village in Tutayevsky District of Yaroslavl Oblast
1977 in music
This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1977. It marked the peak of vinyl record sales in the United States, which declined in the following decades before experiencing a resurgence in the 21st century.

Luciano Berio
Luciano Berio OMRI (24 October 1925 – 27 May 2003) was an Italian composer noted for his experimental work (in particular his 1968 composition Sinfonia and Sequenza, a series of solo pieces for instruments using extended techniques), and for his pioneering work in electronic music. His early work was influenced by Igor Stravinsky and experiments with serial and electronic techniques, while his later works explore indeterminacy and the use of spoken texts as the basic material for composition.
Tenterhook
Tenterhooks or tenter hooks are hooked nails used with a device known as a tenter,  a wooden frame, used since at least the 14th century in the process of making woolen cloth, over which wet cloth would be stretched to prevent shrinkage as it dries, but now superseded by the stenter in the textile manufacturing industry.

The phrase "on tenterhooks" has become a metaphor for nervous anticipation.

Nail (fastener)
In woodworking and construction, a nail is a small object made of metal (or wood, called a tree nail or "trunnel") which is used as a fastener, as a peg to hang something, or sometimes as a decoration. Usually, nails have a sharp point on one end and a flattened head on the other, but headless nails are available. Nails are made in a great variety of forms for specialized purposes. The most common is a wire nail. Other types of nails include pins, tacks, brads, spikes, and cleats.

Nails are typically driven into the workpiece by a hammer or nail gun. A nail holds materials together by friction in the axial direction and shear strength laterally. The point of the nail is also sometimes bent over or clinched after driving to prevent pulling out.