hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Astrionics
Astrionics is the science and technology of the development and application of electronic systems, subsystems, and components used in spacecraft.  The electronic systems on-board a spacecraft are embedded systems and include attitude determination and control, communications, command and telemetry, and computer systems. Sensors refers to the electronic components on board a spacecraft.

For engineers one of the most important considerations that must be made in the design process is the environment in which the spacecraft systems and components must operate and endure.  The challenges of designing systems and components for the space environment include more than the fact that space is a vacuum.

Space environment
Space environment is a branch of astronautics, aerospace engineering and space physics that seeks to understand and address conditions existing in space that affect the design and operation of spacecraft. A related subject, space weather, deals with dynamic processes in the solar-terrestrial system that can give rise to effects on spacecraft, but that can also affect the atmosphere, ionosphere and geomagnetic field, giving rise to several other kinds of effects on human technologies.

Effects on spacecraft can arise from radiation, space debris and meteoroid impact, upper atmospheric drag and spacecraft electrostatic charging. Various mitigation strategies have been adopted.
SS Edgar E. Clark
SS Edgar E. Clark was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was named after Edgar E. Clark, the chief executive of the Order of Railway Conductors, member of the Interstate Commerce Commission from 1906 to 1921, serving as its chairman from 1913 to 1914 and 1918 to 1921.

Edgar E. Clark
Edgar Erastus Clark (February 18, 1856 – December 1, 1930) was an American attorney, railway union official, and government employee. The chief executive of the Order of Railway Conductors for more than 15 years, Clark served on the Interstate Commerce Commission from 1906 to 1921, and was its chairman from 1913 to 1914 and 1918 to 1921.
Clashes in Bogdanovci
The Clashes in Bogdanovci occurred during the Croatian War of Independence on 18 November 1991. They were fought between Croatia, and SAO Krajina which was supported by the Yugoslav People's Army. The battle ended with a Serbian victory and the taking over of Bogdanovci.

Škabrnja
Škabrnja is a village and a municipality in northern Dalmatia, Croatia, located halfway between Zadar and Benkovac, in the lowland region of Ravni Kotari. The municipality includes the village of Škabrnja with a population of 1,413, as well as the smaller village of Prkos, population 363, with a total of 1,776 residents (2011 census). The total area of the municipality is 22.7 km2.
Life at the Top (film)
Life at the Top is a 1965 British drama film, a production of Romulus Films released by Columbia Pictures. The screenplay was by Mordecai Richler, based on the 1962 novel Life at the Top by John Braine, and is a sequel to the film Room at the Top (1959). It was directed by Ted Kotcheff and produced by James Woolf, with William Kirby as associate producer. The music score was by Richard Addinsell and the cinematography by Oswald Morris.  The film's art director, Edward Marshall, received a 1966 BAFTA Award nomination.

The film stars Laurence Harvey, once again playing Joe Lampton, with Jean Simmons, Honor Blackman and Michael Craig. Four actors reprised their roles from Room at the Top: Harvey, Donald Wolfit, Ambrosine Phillpotts and Allan Cuthbertson.

John Braine
John Gerard Braine (13 April 1922 – 28 October 1986) was an English novelist. Braine is usually listed among the angry young men, a loosely defined group of English writers who emerged on the literary scene in the 1950s.
San José (Buenos Aires Underground)
San José is a station on Line E of the Buenos Aires Underground. The old station San José vieja was closed the year the current station opened, after the line was re-routed from Constitucion railway station to its current trajectory. The station was opened on 20 June 1944 as the eastern terminus of the inaugural section of the line from San José to General Urquiza. On 24 April 1966 the line was extended further east to Bolívar.

In December 2014, murals representing scenes and dialogues from the Argentine film Moebius (which used the station as one of the locations of the film) were set up at the station.

Constitución railway station
Constitución railway station (Spanish: Estación Constitución) is a major railway station in Constitución, a barrio in central Buenos Aires, Argentina. The full official name of the station is Estación Plaza Constitución (in English: Constitution Square Station) reflecting the fact that the station is located opposite Constitution Square, two kilometers to the south of the Obelisco landmark. The ground floor of the station has fourteen tracks and the floor below has two tracks for the Buenos Aires Underground. It serves as the South terminal for the city (with Retiro and Once stations as the North and West terminals respectively).

In 2021, the station received the heritage designation of National Historic Monument.
The Last Stand (1984 film)
Last Stand is a documentary film of the final concert appearances by Australian rock band, Cold Chisel, prior to their first disbandment. It was filmed on 13 and 15 December 1983 at the Sydney Entertainment Centre and released to cinemas in July 1984. It featured the group performing two of the four final concerts of their national Last Stand Tour, from 12 to 15 December 1983. It is interspersed with short interviews from members of the band, their managers, audience members and Midnight Oil front man, Peter Garrett.  A DVD version featuring extra footage was issued in October 2005.

Wild Thing (The Troggs song)
"Wild Thing" is a song written by American songwriter Chip Taylor and popularized by the British rock band the Troggs. It was originally recorded and released by the American rock band the Wild Ones in 1965, but it did not chart. The following year, the Troggs' version peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart and topped the charts in the United States. Their version of "Wild Thing" was ranked at number 257 on the Rolling Stone magazine's 2004 list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.  It has also been performed by many other musicians.
Daly's Cross
Daly's Cross (Irish: Crosaire Uí Dhalaigh) is a small settlement in County Limerick, Ireland, about 12 km (7 mi) east of Limerick city, at the junction of the R445 and R525 roads. The village was bypassed in September 2010 by the M7. Previously, Daly's Cross had been considered a dangerous junction and endured heavy traffic, as the R445 formed part of the old N7 Dublin to Limerick primary route.

M7 motorway (Ireland)
The M7 motorway (Irish: Mótarbhealach M7) is a motorway in Ireland. The motorway runs continuously from the outskirts of Naas in County Kildare to Rossbrien on the outskirts of Limerick city. The M7 forms part of the Dublin to Limerick N7 national primary road. The section of the motorway bypassing Naas, an 8 km stretch, was the first section of motorway to open in Ireland, in 1983. Following substantial works to extend the M7 to Limerick, by the end of 2010, the motorway replaced all of the old single-carriageway N7 route which is now designated as R445. At 166.5 km, the M7 is the longest motorway in Ireland.
Ben (2015 film)
Ben is a 2015 Malayalam children's film the, which marks the directorial debut of Vipin Atley. 
 Gourav Menon, Suraj Venjaramoodu, and Anjali Nair in the lead roles. The film won the National Film Award for Best Child Artist, the Kerala State Film Award for Best Child Artist, and the Kerala State Film Award for Best Character Actress

National Film Award for Best Child Artist
The National Film Award for Best Child Artist is one of the National Film Awards presented annually by the National Film Development Corporation of India. It is one of several awards presented for feature films and awarded with Silver Lotus (Rajat Kamal).

The award was instituted in 1968, at 16th National Film Awards and awarded annually for films produced in the year across the country, in all Indian languages. The actors whose performances have won awards have worked in eleven major languages. Hindi (24 awards), Marathi (16 awards), Tamil (14 awards), Malayalam (14 awards), Kannada (7 awards), Bengali (6 awards), Telugu (4 awards), Meitei (1 award), Konkani (1 award), Assamese (1 award), Odia (1 award).
Kōshi, Kumamoto
Kōshi (合志市, Kōshi-shi) is a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan.  As of 31 July 2024, the city had an estimated population of 65,054 in 26670 households, and a population density of 860 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 53.19 km2 (20.54 sq mi)..

Cities of Japan
A city (市, shi) is a local administrative unit in Japan. Cities are ranked on the same level as towns (町, machi) and villages (村, mura), with the difference that they are not a component of districts (郡, gun). Like other contemporary administrative units, they are defined by the Local Autonomy Law of 1947.
Huoying station
Huoying station (simplified Chinese: 霍营站; traditional Chinese: 霍營站; pinyin: Huòyíng zhàn) is an interchange station on Line 8 and Line 13 of the Beijing Subway, and Line S2 of the Beijing Suburban Railway.

Line S2 (BCR)
Line S2 of Beijing Suburban Railway (BCR) (simplified Chinese: 北京市郊铁路S2线; traditional Chinese: 北京市郊鐵路S2線; pinyin: Běijīng Shìjiāo Tiělù S Èr Xiàn) is a commuter rail line in Beijing. The main line runs from Huangtudian railway station in Changping District to Yanqing railway station in Yanqing District, following the old Beijing–Baotou railway, and provides faster, more frequent and convenient service than preexisting trains. The line is 108.3 kilometres (67.3 mi) in length (main line + branch line). The train locomotives are marked "Great Wall" (Chinese: 长城号; pinyin: Chángchéng Hào).
US federal agencies targeted by DOGE
During the second Trump administration, the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) took control of the federal government information systems in order to downsize federal agencies. DOGE embedded units from the executive branch of the government, including cabinet departments and various types of independent agencies. It targeted regulatory agencies and units from the legislative branch. It also targeted quasi-autonomous non-governmental organizations and organizations outside the federal government.

This operation allowed Elon Musk and a network of operatives to facilitate mass layoffs, to terminate contracts, and to slash regulations. Many public records were modified or removed from federal websites and databases. These actions have fostered reactions by federal workers, civil society, and the public, ranging from protests to lawsuits.

Thomas Shedd
Thomas Shedd was the director of the Technology Transformation Services (TTS) and the Federal Acquisition Service Deputy Commissioner for the General Services Administration (GSA) and was chief information officer at the Department of Labor (DOL). During his time heading TTS, Shedd oversaw a large scale reduction of the TTS workforce, including the elimination of the digital transformation agency 18F.
Seán Keane (fiddler)
Seán Keane (Irish: Seán Ó Catháin; 12 July 1946 – 7 May 2023) was an Irish fiddler, teacher and member of The Chieftains. He was a member of Ceoltóirí Chualann in the 1960s, before joining The Chieftains in 1968. He had a unique style, especially in his use of ornamentation, perhaps influenced by the music of the uilleann pipes.

TG4
TG4 (/ˌtiː dʒiː ˈkæhər/; Irish: TG Ceathair, pronounced [ˌtʲeːɟeː ˈcahəɾʲ]) is an Irish free-to-air public service television channel. It launched on 31 October 1996 and is available online and through its on-demand service TG4 Player in Ireland and beyond.

TG4 was initially known as Teilifís na Gaeilge (TnaG), before being renamed in 1999. It was the third national station to be launched in Ireland, after RTÉ One in 1961 (as Teilifís Éireann) and RTÉ Two in 1978. It was followed by a fourth channel, TV3 (now called Virgin Media One), in 1998.

On average 1.2m people watch TG4 in the Republic of Ireland every week. 650,000 viewers tune into the channel each day. It has a 2% share of the national television market in the Republic of Ireland and 3% of the national television market in Northern Ireland. The daily Irish-language programme schedule is its core service: seven hours of programming in Irish supported by a wide range of material in other languages, mostly English and French.
Binibining Pilipinas 2010
Binibining Pilipinas 2010 was the 47th edition Binibining Pilipinas. It took place at the Smart Araneta Coliseum in Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines on March 6, 2010.

At the end of the event, Bianca Manalo crowned Venus Raj as Binibining Pilipinas Universe 2010, Marie-Ann Umali crowned Czarina Gatbonton as Binibining Pilipinas World 2010, and Melody Adelheid Gersbach crowned Krista Kleiner as Binibining Pilipinas International 2010. Dianne Necio was named 1st Runner-Up and Helen Nicolette Henson was named 2nd Runner-Up.

This is also the last year of the Miss World Philippines title to be under Binibining Pilipinas after the franchise of Miss World Philippines was transferred to the Miss World Philippines Organization.

Miss World Philippines
Miss World Philippines is a beauty pageant in the Philippines that selects the country's representatives to the Miss World, one of the Big Four international beauty pageants.

The pageant also selects representative to participate in minor international pageants. In addition the organizer of the pageant also held its male counterpart Mister World Philippines to pick representatives to participate in Mister World.

The pageant is inspired by the Miss World Ltd.'s slogan "Beauty with a Purpose" and henceforth adopted the theme "Beauty in Giving."

The winner and her court work with charities that benefit children in need and also join movements of supporting women and children's rights and many more advocacies.
Astrothelium trypethelioides
Astrothelium trypethelioides is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Venezuela, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected by Harrie Sipman along the Carapo River (Cerro Guaiquinima, Bolivar) at an altitude of 800 m (2,600 ft). The lichen has a smooth, somewhat shiny, pale yellowish-grey thallus that covers areas of up to 9 cm (3.5 in). Its ascospores are hyaline, spindle-shaped (fusiform) with between 7 and 9 septa and dimensions of 49–52 by 13–16 μm. No lichen products were detected in the species using thin-layer chromatography.

Bolívar (state)
Bolívar (Spanish: Estado Bolívar, IPA: [esˈtaðo βoˈliβaɾ]) is the largest of the 23 states of Venezuela in area. The state capital city is Ciudad Bolívar and the largest city is Ciudad Guayana. Bolívar State covers a total surface area of 242,801 km2 (93,746 sq mi) and as of the 2011 census, had a population of 1,410,964. The state contains Angel Falls.
Port Burwell, Nunavut
Port Burwell is a harbour on western Killiniq Island, formed as an arm of Ungava Bay, at the mouth of Hudson Strait. Previously within Labrador, and then the Northwest Territories, it is now situated within the borders of Nunavut, Canada. Cape Chidley is 25 miles (40 km) to the northeast. The community of Port Burwell lies on the shore at 60°25′30″N 64°50′00″W﻿ / ﻿60.42500°N 64.83333°W﻿ / 60.42500; -64.83333﻿ (Port Burwell).

Labrador
Labrador (/ˈlæbrədɔːr/) is a geographic and cultural region within the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.  It is the primarily continental portion of the province and constitutes 71% of the province's area but is home to only 6% of its population. It is separated from the island of Newfoundland by the Strait of Belle Isle. It is the largest and northernmost geographical region in the four Atlantic provinces.

Labrador occupies most of the eastern part of the Labrador Peninsula. It is bordered to the west and south by the province of Quebec. Labrador also shares a small land border with the territory of Nunavut on Killiniq Island.

The indigenous peoples of Labrador include the Northern Inuit of Nunatsiavut, the Southern-Inuit of NunatuKavut, and the Innu of Nitassinan.
Lanë
The Lanë (Albanian definite form: Lana) is the main stream that crosses through Tirana, the capital of Albania. Its source is in the mountains east of Tirana. Although once clean, it now carries sewage. During the 1990s, many illegal kiosks and buildings were constructed on the banks of the river. They were later demolished and removed in a campaign by Tirana's then-mayor Edi Rama in the early 2000s. No fish live there now due to the high pollution of its waters. The Lanë flows into the Tiranë River near Bërxullë.

Definiteness
In linguistics, definiteness is a semantic feature of noun phrases that distinguishes between referents or senses that are identifiable in a given context (definite noun phrases) and those that are not (indefinite noun phrases). The prototypical definite noun phrase picks out a unique, familiar, specific referent such as the sun or Australia, as opposed to indefinite examples like an idea or some fish.

There is considerable variation in the expression of definiteness across languages, and some languages such as Japanese do not generally mark it, so the same expression can be definite in some contexts and indefinite in others. In other languages, such as English, it is usually marked by the selection of determiner (e.g., the vs. a). Still other languages, such as Danish, mark definiteness morphologically by changing the noun itself (e.g. Danish en mand (a man), manden (the man)).
Biswajit Daimary
Biswajit Daimary (born 4 February 1971) is an Indian politician from Bharatiya Janata Party who is serving as the 17th Speaker of Assam Legislative Assembly since 2021.
He has represented the Panery constituency in Assam Legislative Assembly since 2021. He was also member of Rajya Sabha as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party from 2021 to 2021 and as a member of the Bodoland People's Front from 2008 to 2020. He was first elected as Member of Assam Legislative Assembly from 2001 to 2006. He was elected for second term from 2014 to 2020 as a member of Bodoland People's Front and from 2021 as a member of Bharatiya Janata Party. In November 2020, Daimary left BPF to join Bharatiya Janata Party before Bodoland Territorial Council elections.

Panery Assembly constituency
Panery Assembly constituency was one of the 126 assembly constituencies of Assam Legislative Assembly. Panery formed part of the Mangaldoi Lok Sabha constituency. This constituency was abolished in 2023.
Mississippi slimy salamander
The Mississippi slimy salamander (Plethodon mississippi) is a species of terrestrial plethodontid salamander found throughout most of the U.S. state of Mississippi, western Alabama, western Tennessee, far western Kentucky, and eastern Louisiana. The Mississippi slimy salamander is part of the larger slimy salamander (P. glutinosus) complex.

Plethodontidae
Plethodontidae, or lungless salamanders, are a family of salamanders. With over 500 species, lungless salamanders are by far the largest family of salamanders in terms of their diversity. Most species are native to the Western Hemisphere, from British Columbia to Brazil. Only two extant genera occur in the Eastern Hemisphere: Speleomantes (native to Sardinia and mainland Europe south of the Alps) and Karsenia (native to South Korea).
Snowmass Peak
Snowmass Peak in the U.S. state of Colorado dominates the view from Snowmass Lake. It is often mistaken for Snowmass Mountain, the thirty-fourth highest mountain peak in the state, as well as for Hagerman Peak. Snowmass Peak is not really a peak but the lower end of Hagerman Peak's east ridge. Natural forced perspective causes the optical illusion that Snowmass Peak is higher than Hagerman Peak though it is actually 221 ft shorter than Hagerman's summit. This illusion combined with its striking rise behind Snowmass Lake justifies it being a named point on USGS topographical maps. It is located in the Elk Mountains, within the Maroon Bells-Snowmass Wilderness of the White River National Forest. It lies along the border between Pitkin and Gunnison counties, west of Aspen and southwest of the town of Snowmass Village.

Forced perspective
Forced perspective is a technique that employs optical illusion to make an object appear farther away, closer, larger or smaller than it actually is. It manipulates human visual perception through the use of scaled objects and the correlation between them and the vantage point of the spectator or camera. It has uses in photography, filmmaking and architecture.
Hilbert–Mumford criterion
In mathematics, the Hilbert–Mumford criterion, introduced by David Hilbert  and David Mumford,  characterizes the semistable and stable points of a group action on a vector space in terms of eigenvalues of 1-parameter subgroups (Dieudonné & Carrell 1970, 1971, p.58).

Singular point of a curve
In geometry, a singular point on a curve is one where the curve is not given by a smooth embedding of a parameter. The precise definition of a singular point depends on the type of curve being studied.
Grassridge Dam
The Grassridge Dam is an earth-fill type dam located on a tributary of the Great Fish River called the Great Brak River, near Hofmeyr, Eastern Cape, South Africa. It is the starting point for the Fish River Canoe Marathon, which ends in Cradock. The Dam was constructed in 1923 (commissioned in 1924) and was renovated in 1948. Its main purpose is for irrigation use and the hazard potential has been ranked high (3).

Hofmeyr
Hofmeyr is a small Karoo town in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, 20 km west of the Bamboesberg mountain range. It lies 64 km north-east of Cradock at an altitude of 1,252 metres. According to the 2011 census, the population of Hofmeyr proper is about 326 persons and the neighbouring township of Luxolweni is about 3354. In former times it lay at the centre of a flourishing sheep-farming district and managed some salt pans 10 km to its west.

Founded in 1873, the town was initially named Maraisburg. To avoid confusion with the Gauteng area of Maraisburg it was renamed Hofmeyr in 1911  in honour of Jan Hendrik Hofmeyr (Onze Jan), a campaigner for the equal treatment of Afrikaans and English and a prominent figure in the Eerste Taalbeweging.
Robidni Breg
Robidni Breg (pronounced [ɾɔˈbiːdni ˈbɾeːk]) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Kanal ob Soči in western Slovenia. Until 2007, the area was part of the settlement of Anhovo. The settlement is part of the traditional region of the Slovenian Littoral and is included in the Gorizia Statistical Region.

Municipality of Kanal ob Soči
The Municipality of Kanal ob Soči (pronounced [kaˈnaːl ɔp ˈsoːtʃi] or [kaˈnaːu̯ ɔp ˈsoːtʃi]; Slovene: Občina Kanal ob Soči) is a municipality in the traditional region of the Littoral in western Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Kanal. Kanal ob Soči became a municipality in 1994. It borders Italy.
2026 Adelaide International – Men's singles
Tomáš Macháč defeated Ugo Humbert the final, 6–4, 6–7(2–7), 6–2 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2026 Adelaide International. It was his second ATP Tour title.

Félix Auger-Aliassime was the reigning champion, but did not participate this year.

Ugo Humbert
Ugo Humbert (French pronunciation: [yɡo œ̃bɛʁ]; born 26 June 1998) is a French professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 13, achieved on 15 April 2024 and a doubles ranking of No. 348, achieved on 26 August 2024. He has won seven ATP Tour singles titles, and was runner-up at a Masters 1000 event at the Paris Masters. He is currently the No. 2 singles player from France.

Humbert won his first ATP Tour match and made his Grand Slam singles debut in 2018. At the 2019 Wimbledon Championships, he reached the fourth round, where he lost to eventual champion Novak Djokovic.