hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Galloway revolt of 1234–1235
The Galloway revolt of 1234–1235 was an uprising in Galloway during 1234–1235, led by Tomás mac Ailein and Gille Ruadh. The uprising was in response to the succession of Alan of Galloway, whereby King Alexander II of Scotland ordered Galloway to be divided the amongst Alan's three heiresses under Norman feudal law. This judgement excluded Alan's illegitimate son Tomás, who believed he was the rightful heir under the Gaelic system of tanistry. Alexander II responded by leading an army into Galloway to crush the rebellion. The Scottish army was almost routed, however was saved by the arrival of Fearchar, Earl of Ross and his forces. Walter Comyn, Lord of Badenoch was left to mop up the revolt, however was forced to abandon the region. Patrick II, Earl of Dunbar led another army in 1235, with Adam, Abbot of Melrose, and Gilbert, Bishop of Galloway and forced the submission of Tomás and Gille.

Abbot of Melrose
The Abbot and then Commendator of Melrose was the head of the monastic community of Melrose Abbey, in Melrose in the Borders region of Scotland. The abbots of the earlier Northumbrian foundation from Lindisfarne are not included here. The second abbey was founded in 1136 on the patronage of David I (Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim), King of Scots, by Cistercian monks from Rievaulx Abbey, Yorkshire. Control of the abbey was secularized in the 16th century and after the accession of James Stewart, the abbey was held by commendators. The last commendator, James Douglas of Lochleven, resigned the abbacy to William Douglas, 6th Earl of Morton (his nephew) in December 1606, and the abbey itself to the king in 1608. The abbey (or most of its lands) was then erected into a secular lordship for viscount Haddington, John Ramsay, who in 1609 was created "Lord Melrose". Lochleven however resumed the title of commendator in 1613 until his death in 1620.
Robert Crosthwaite
Robert Jarratt Crosthwaite (13 October 1837, Wellington, Somerset – 9 September 1925, Bolton Percy) was the inaugural Bishop of Beverley in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Born in Wellington, Somerset, on 13 October 1837, Robert Crosthwaite was the son of Benjamin Crosthwaite, priest and canon. He was educated at Leeds Grammar School and Trinity College, Cambridge. Ordained in 1862, he began his career with a curacy at North Cave after which he was Domestic Chaplain  to the Archbishop of York. Following incumbencies in Brayton and St Lawrence's Church, York, he was Rector of Bolton Percy (1885–1923). Crosthwaite was appointed Archdeacon of York in 1884.

In 1889, Crosthwaite was appointed suffragan bishop within the Diocese of York and served until 1923. He was consecrated a bishop by William Thomson, Archbishop of York, at York Minster. He became a Doctor of Divinity; and died on 9 September 1925 at Bolton Percy.

Archbishop of York
The archbishop of York is a senior bishop in the Church of England, second only to the archbishop of Canterbury. The archbishop is the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of York and the metropolitan bishop of the province of York, which covers the northern regions of England (north of the Trent) as well as the Isle of Man.

The archbishop's throne (cathedra) is in York Minster in central York, and the official residence is Bishopthorpe Palace in the village of Bishopthorpe outside York. The current archbishop is Stephen Cottrell, since the confirmation of his election on 9 July 2020.
Naoi
Naoi (written: 直井) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Yuka Naoi (直井 由香, born 1963), Japanese goalball player

Yuki Naoi (直井 由紀, born 1963), Japanese goalball player

Naoi Rei (直井 怜, born 2004), member of the K-pop group IVE.

Yuka Naoi
Yuka Naoi (直井 由香, Naoi Yuka, born 17 March 1963) is a Japanese retired goalball player. She won a bronze medal at the 2004 Summer Paralympics with the Japanese team which also included her twin sister Yuki Naoi.

Like Yuki, she has retinitis pigmentosa. She developed symptoms when she was 20, and began playing goalball in around 1997.
Dialling (mathematics)
In somewhat archaic applied mathematics, dialling is the mathematics required to create a sundial face to determine solar time based on the position of the sun. Those skilled in the art were referred to as dialists or gnomonists, the latter derived from the word gnomon, which was a device that used a shadow as an indicator.

The mathematician William Oughtred published a book, Easy Method of Mathematical Dialling, around 1600. Samuel Walker (1716–1782) was a Yorkshire mathematician and diallist. In his later years, Thomas Jefferson was known to practice dialling as a mental exercise. Professor of astronomy at Gresham College (London, UK), Samuel Foster (d. 1652), developed reflex dialling, which describes a device of his own invention: a sundial capable of reflecting a spot of light onto the ceiling of a room.

William Oughtred
William Oughtred  (5 March 1574 – 30 June 1660), also Owtred, Uhtred, etc., was an English mathematician and Anglican clergyman. After John Napier discovered logarithms and Edmund Gunter created the logarithmic scales (lines, or rules) upon which slide rules are based, Oughtred was the first to use two such scales sliding by one another to perform direct multiplication and division. He is credited with inventing the slide rule in about 1622. He also introduced the "×" symbol for multiplication and the abbreviations "sin" and "cos" for the sine and cosine functions.
Alexandrov theorem
In mathematical analysis, the Alexandrov theorem, named after Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov, states that if U is an open subset of  and  is a convex function, then  has a second derivative almost everywhere.

In this context, having a second derivative at a point means having a second-order Taylor expansion at that point with a local error smaller than any quadratic.

The result is closely related to Rademacher's theorem.

Mathematical analysis
Analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions.

These theories are usually studied in the context of real and complex numbers and functions. Analysis evolved from calculus, which involves the elementary concepts and techniques of analysis.
Analysis may be distinguished from geometry; however, it can be applied to any space of mathematical objects that has a definition of nearness (a topological space) or specific distances between objects  (a metric space).
Haiger station
Haiger station serves the town of Haiger in the Lahn-Dill-Kreis of the German state of Hesse. The first station at this point was opened 1862 when the Cologne-Minden Railway Company built the Deutz–Gießen railway, connecting Cologne-Deutz with Gießen. The station became more important when the direct connection was opened to Siegen (now considered part of the Dill line) in 1915.

Cologne–Minden Railway Company
The Cologne-Minden Railway Company (German, old spelling: Cöln-Mindener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft, CME) was along with the Bergisch-Märkische Railway Company and the Rhenish Railway Company one of the railway companies that in the mid-19th century built the first railways in the Ruhr and large parts of today's North Rhine-Westphalia.
New Year's Eve (1929 film)
New Year's Eve is a lost 1929 synchronized sound film drama produced and distributed by Fox Film Corporation and starring Mary Astor
and Charles Morton. While the film has no audible dialog, it was released with a synchronized musical score with sound effects using the sound-on-film Movietone process. Veteran Henry Lehrman, who had worked with Mack Sennett and Charlie Chaplin, was the director. Samuel L. Rothafel wrote the music for film. As was the  case for the majority of films during the early sound era, a silent version was prepared for theatres who had not yet converted to sound. Max Gold was an assistant director.

Mack Sennett
Mack Sennett (born Michael Sinnott; January 17, 1880 – November 5, 1960) was a Canadian-American producer, director, actor, and studio head who was known as the "King of Comedy" during his career.

Born in Danville, Quebec, he started acting in films in the Biograph Company of New York City in 1908, and later opened Keystone Studios in Edendale, California in 1912. Keystone possessed the first fully enclosed film stage, and Sennett became famous as the originator of slapstick routines such as pie-throwing and car-chases, as seen in the Keystone Cops films. He also produced short features that displayed his Bathing Beauties, many of whom had  acting careers.

After struggling with bankruptcy and the dominance of sound films in the early 1930s, Sennett was presented with an honorary Academy Award in 1938 for his contributions to the film industry, with the academy describing him as a "master of fun, discoverer of stars, sympathetic, kindly, understanding comedy genius".
Changshou Road station
Changshou Road (simplified Chinese: 长寿路; traditional Chinese: 長壽路; pinyin: Chángshòu Lù) is an interchange station on Line 7 and Line 13 of the Shanghai Metro, located in Putuo District. It opened in 2009. In December 2014, the station became a transfer station when the first extension of Line 13 opened. There are five exits located on the Changshou Road and Changde Road intersection. The station serves the southern central Putuo District and bordering Jing'an District. The station also served as the eastern terminus of Line 13 from 28 December 2014, when it was extended eastward from Jinshajiang Road, until 19 December 2015, when it was extended to Shibo Avenue.

Shanghai Metro
The Shanghai Metro (Chinese: 上海地铁; pinyin: Shànghǎi Dìtiě; Shanghainese: Zaon6he5 Di6thiq7) is a rapid transit system in Shanghai, operating urban and suburban transit services to 14 of its 16 municipal districts and to the neighboring township of Huaqiao, in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province.

Forming the vast majority of the broader, multi-operator Shanghai rail transit network, the Shanghai Metro system is the world's second longest metro system by route length, totaling 808 kilometres (502 mi) and the second largest system by number of stations, with 506 stations across 19 lines (408, if stations connected by transfers are counted as single stations). It also ranks first in the world by annual ridership, with 3.88 billion rides delivered in 2019. The last daily ridership record was set on 9 March 2024, at 13.39 million rides. Ridership routinely stands at over 10 million on an average workday, accounting for 73% of trips on public transport in the city.
Prince Edward Island Route 1A
Route 1A is a 20-kilometre (12 mi) long provincial highway in central Prince Edward Island. The route is a spur route of the Route 1 which connects the Trans-Canada Highway near Borden-Carleton and the Confederation Bridge with the city of Summerside. It is an uncontrolled access 2-lane highway with a maximum speed limit of 90 km/h (55 mph) and is considered a "Core route" of Canada's National Highway System. Route 1A is unnamed except for the portion within Summerside city limits, where it is known as Read Drive.

National Highway System (Canada)
The National Highway System (French: Réseau routier national) in Canada is a federal designation for a strategic transport network of highways and freeways. The system includes but is not limited to the Trans-Canada Highway, and currently consists of 38,098 kilometres (23,673 mi) of roadway designated under one of three classes: Core Routes, Feeder Routes, or Northern and Remote Routes.

The Government of Canada maintains very little power or authority over the maintenance or expansion of the system beyond sharing part of the cost of economically significant projects within the network. Highways within the system are not given any special signage, except where they are part of a Trans-Canada Highway route.
A World of Love
A World of Love  (Spanish: Un mundo de amor) is a 1975 Argentine comedy film directed by Mario Sábato with a screenplay by Diego Santillán and Luz Tambascio. It stars Andrea Del Boca, Ubaldo Martínez, Miguel Ligero and Nelly Beltrán.

The film premiered on 17 July 1975. Newspaper La Nación described it as an "optimistic fable", but Osvaldo Iakkidis referred to it in El Cronista Comercial as "monotonous".

El Cronista
El Cronista (Spanish: The Reporter) is a daily business newspaper published in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

It was founded by Martin Giménez Antonio and first published as El Cronista Comercial on November 1, 1908.  In 1989 the name was changed to El Cronista.

It was the first business daily newspaper in Argentina.  In 1994, it was the first newspaper in Argentina to publish online.

It is published by Unidad Editorial.

In 2021, it was acquired by Grupo América for 6 million USD.
Kenogami Lake Station
Kenogami Lake Station is an unincorporated place and railway point in the Unorganized West Part of Timiskaming District in northwestern Ontario, Canada. It is located on the Blanche River in the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin.

Unorganized West Timiskaming District
Unorganized West Timiskaming District is an unorganized area in the Canadian province of Ontario, comprising almost all portions of the Timiskaming District which are not organized into incorporated municipalities.

The division encompasses 10,199.80 square kilometres (3,938.16 sq mi), and had a population of 3,210 in the 2021 Canadian census.
Bloody Daddy
Bloody Daddy is a 2023 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film directed by Ali Abbas Zafar, who co-wrote the film with Aditya Basu and Siddharth–Garima, and produced by Jio Studios. It features Shahid Kapoor, Sanjay Kapoor, Diana Penty, Ronit Roy, Rajeev Khandelwal, Ankur Bhatia and Vivan Bhatena. It is a remake of the 2011 French film Sleepless Night.

Bloody Daddy was released on 9 June 2023 in JioCinema and received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics. At the 2023 Filmfare OTT Awards, Bloody Daddy received 7 nominations, including Best Actor in a Web Original Film (Kapoor).

2023 Filmfare OTT Awards
2023 Filmfare OTT Awards, the fourth edition of awards presented to honour artistic and technical excellence in original programming on over-the-top streaming media in Hindi-language. Web original shows or films released across OTT platforms between 1 August 2022 and 31 July 2023 were eligible for Awards. Nominations were announced by Filmfare on 22 November 2023.

Jubilee led the ceremony with 17 nominations, followed by Gulmohar with 14 nominations, Rocket Boys (Season 2) with 13 nominations, and Darlings with 11 nominations.

Jubilee won 9 awards, including Best Director in a Drama Series (for Vikramaditya Motwane), thus becoming the most-awarded series at the ceremony.
Johannes Wolf (musicologist)
Johannes Wolf (17 April 1869 – 25 May 1947) was a German musicologist, archivist and teacher, known for his research on medieval and Renaissance music, particularly Ars Nova, and early music notation.

Born in Berlin, Wolf studied music history under Philip Spitta and Heinrich Bellermann at the Friedrich Wilhelm University. He completed his doctorate at the Berlin University in 1902.

Wolf is viewed as one of the last great universal musicologists of the twentieth century, his published researches and editions ranging from the Middle Ages to the Romantic period. He devoted particular attention to music of the Reformation, the history of music theory and the interpretation of Ars Nova notation. He died in Munich aged 78.

Early music
Early music generally comprises Medieval music (500–1400) and Renaissance music (1400–1600), but can also include Baroque music (1600–1750) or Ancient music (before 500 AD). Originating in Europe, early music is a broad musical era for the beginning of Western classical music.
1982 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election
Elections to the Nagaland Legislative Assembly were held in November 1982 to elect members of the 60 constituencies in Nagaland, India. The United Democratic Front—Progressive alliance, led by the Indian National Congress won the most seats and S. C. Jamir was appointed as the Chief Minister of Nagaland for his second term. The number of constituencies was set as 60 by the recommendation of the Delimitation Commission of India.

S. C. Jamir
Senayangba Chubatoshi Jamir (born 17 October 1931) is an Indian politician and former Governor of Odisha. He was Parliamentary Secretary to Jawaharlal Nehru and Deputy Minister under Indira Gandhi. He has served as the Chief Minister of Nagaland, Governor of Maharashtra, Governor of Gujarat & Governor of Goa. He was awarded the third-highest civilian award in India, the Padma Bhusan, in 2020 for his work in public affairs.
World Have Your Say
World Have Your Say (WHYS) is an international BBC global discussion show, that was broadcast on BBC World Service every weekday at 16:00 UTC and on BBC World News every Friday at 15:00 UTC.

World Have Your Say won Gold in the 2008 Sony Radio Awards, in the category Listener Participation.

The show described itself as "the BBC News programme where you set the agenda." Typically each edition addressed a question, or number of questions, raised by the users of its blog and Facebook site, as well as emailers to the BBC.

It encouraged callers to talk to each other and directed questions asked by listeners to the guests on the programme, intervening as little as possible to keep the show more of a conversation than a talk show.

The show also occasionally worked as a forum for the BBC World Service's global audience to put questions to a particular guest. Previous guests included Aung San Suu Kyi, Philip Pullman and Thilo Sarrazin.

Thilo Sarrazin
Thilo Sarrazin (born 12 February 1945) is a German politician and former member of the SPD, writer, senator of finance for the State of Berlin from January 2002 until April 2009, former member of the Executive Board of the Deutsche Bundesbank until 2010.

He became well known after publishing a controversial book about Muslim immigrants in Germany in 2010. In his book Deutschland schafft sich ab (Germany Abolishes Itself), he denounces what he sees as the failure of Germany's post-war immigration policy, sparking a nationwide controversy about the costs and benefits of multiculturalism. As a result, he is no longer a member of the SPD as of 31 July 2020.
Berula
Berula is a cosmopolitan genus of flowering plants in the family Apiaceae, whose species are known as water parsnips, as are some other plants in Apiaceae such as Sium latifolium and Sium suave.  It is easily confused with the highly toxic water hemlock (Cicuta maculata).

Berula species are perennial, aquatic to semi-aquatic, herbaceous plants. The leaves are usually oppositely arranged. The flowerheads are arranged in umbels of small white flowers. Berula erecta is a widespread aquatic plant with fern-like leaves, found across Eurasia, Africa, North America, and elsewhere.

Apiaceae
Apiaceae (/ˌeɪpiˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ ⓘ), also called Umbelliferae, is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus Apium, and commonly known as the celery, carrot, or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,800 species in about 446 genera, including such well-known, and economically important plants as ajwain, angelica, anise, asafoetida, caraway, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, lovage, cow parsley, parsley, parsnip and sea holly, as well as silphium, a plant whose exact identity is unclear and which may be extinct.

The family Apiaceae includes a significant number of phototoxic species, such as giant hogweed, and a smaller number of highly poisonous species, such as poison hemlock, water hemlock, spotted cowbane, fool's parsley, and various species of water dropwort.
Absolution (2015 film)
Absolution (also known as The Mercenary: Absolution) is a 2015 English-language Romanian action thriller film directed by Keoni Waxman and starring Steven Seagal, Vinnie Jones, and Byron Mann. The film is a sequel to A Good Man, and is the sixth collaboration between Steven Seagal and director Waxman. The film also marks the third collaboration between Seagal and Jones (who starred in Submerged (2005) and Gutshot Straight (2014), and between Seagal and Mann (who previously starred in Belly of the Beast (2003) and A Dangerous Man (2009)) .

Action fiction
Action fiction is a genre in literature that focuses on stories involving high-stakes, high-energy, and fast-paced events. This genre includes a wide range of subgenres, such as spy novels, adventure stories, tales of terror, intrigue ("cloak and dagger"), and mysteries.  These kinds of stories utilize suspense, the tension that is built up when the reader wishes to know how the conflict between the protagonist and antagonist is going to be resolved or the solution to a mystery of a thriller.

The intricacies of human relationships or the nuances of philosophy and psychology are rarely explored in action fiction, typically being fast-paced mysteries that merely seek to provide the reader with an exhilarating experience.

Action fiction can also be a plot element of non-literary works such as graphic novels and film.
Afronemacheilus abyssinicus
Afronemacheilus abyssinicus is a species of stone loach endemic to Ethiopia. As such, it is known as the ethiopian loach. It is known from the Blue Nile at its outlet from Tana Lake (the type locality), with records from the Baro River. Originally the only species in its genus, in 2013 A. kaffa was described based on the Omo population, formerly included in A. abyssinicus.

A. abyssinicus can reach a standard length of 5.1 cm (2.0 in). The specific epithet, abyssinicus, is derived from Latin and means "Abyssinian" or "Ethiopian".

Omo River
The Omo River (Amharic: ኦሞ ወንዝ, romanized: Omo Wenz; also called Omo-Bottego) in southern Ethiopia is the largest Ethiopian river outside the Nile Basin. Its course is entirely contained within the boundaries of Ethiopia, and it empties into Lake Turkana on the border with Kenya. The river is the principal stream of an endorheic drainage basin, the Turkana Basin.

The river basin is famous for its large number of early hominid fossils and archeological findings such as early stone tools, leading to its inclusion on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1980.
Alesi
Alesi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrija Aleši, Renaissance sculptor and master architect

Giuliano Alesi (born 1999), French racing driver

James Alesi, New York State Senator

Jean Alesi (born 1964), French racing driver of Italian origins

Octavio Alesi (born 1986), Venezuelan swimmer

Valerio Alesi (born 1966), former professional soccer player

James S. Alesi
James S. "Jim" Alesi (born 1948) is a retired politician who served as New York State Senator for the 55th district, representing parts of Monroe County from 1997 to 2012. A Republican, Alesi previously served in the Monroe County Legislature and in the New York State Assembly. Following his 2012 retirement from the Senate, Alesi has served on the state's Unemployment Insurance Appeal Board and on the Public Service Commission.

Alesi is notable as one of four Republican members of the New York State Senate that voted in favor of the Marriage Equality Act in 2011.