hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Actinism
Actinism is the property of solar radiation that leads to the production of photochemical and photobiological effects. It is important in chemical photography and x-ray imaging, and causes sunburn and photodegradation of materials. Actinic chemicals include silver salts used in photography and other light-sensitive chemicals.

The word actinism is derived from the Ancient Greek ἀκτίς, ἀκτῖνος ('ray, beam').

Photochemistry
Photochemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the chemical effects of light. Generally, this term is used to describe a chemical reaction caused by absorption of ultraviolet (wavelength from 100 to 400 nm), visible (400–750 nm), or infrared radiation (750–2500 nm).

In nature, photochemistry is of immense importance as it is the basis of photosynthesis, vision, and the formation of vitamin D with sunlight. It is also responsible for the appearance of DNA mutations leading to skin cancers.

Photochemical reactions proceed differently than temperature-driven reactions. Photochemical paths access high-energy intermediates that cannot be generated thermally, thereby overcoming large activation barriers in a short period of time, and allowing reactions otherwise inaccessible by thermal processes.  Photochemistry can also be destructive, as illustrated by the photodegradation of plastics.
French denier
The denier (/dəˈnɪər/; Latin: denarius, Italian: denaro, Greek: δηνάριο, romanized: dinario; abbr. d.) or penny was a medieval coin which takes its name from the Frankish coin first issued in the late seventh century; in English it is sometimes referred to as a silver penny. Its appearance represents the end of gold coinage, which, at the start of Frankish rule, had either been Roman (Byzantine) or "pseudo-imperial" (minted by the Franks in imitation of Byzantine coinage). Silver would be the basis for Frankish coinage from then on. The denier was minted in France, Cyprus and parts of the Italian peninsula for the whole of the Middle Ages, in states such as the patriarchate of Aquileia, the Kingdom of Sicily, the Republic of Genoa, the Republic of Siena, Kingdom of Cyprus, and the crusader state Kingdom of Jerusalem, among others.

Patria del Friuli
The Patria del Friuli (Latin: Patria Fori Iulii, Friulian: Patrie dal Friûl), also known as the Patriarchal State of Aquileia (Italian: Stato patriarcale di Aquileia), was the territory under the temporal (political) rule of the Patriarch of Aquileia, and one of the ecclesiastical states within the Holy Roman Empire. It was created in the second half of the 11th century, and existed up to the first half of the 15th century. As in the case of other ecclesiastical states, its territory was not identical with jurisdictional borders of the Patriarchate of Aquileia. In 1420, the Republic of Venice acquired and consequently annexed the territory, thus depriving the Patriarch of Aquileia of his temporal powers. Under Venetian rule, the region continued to be administered for some time under its own laws and customs.
Sean Wang
Sean Wang (traditional Chinese: 王湘聖; born 1994 or 1995) is a Taiwanese-American film director. His documentary short, Nǎi Nai & Wài Pó, premiered at the 2023 South by Southwest, where it won both the Grand Jury Award and the Audience Award. It went on to be nominated for Best Documentary Short Film at the 96th Academy Awards.

His feature-length directorial debut, Dìdi, premiered at the 2024 Sundance Film Festival, where it received the U.S. Dramatic Audience Award. Wang also won two Independent Spirit Awards for the film.

In June 2025, Wang was invited to join the Short Films Branch of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

2024 Sundance Film Festival
The 2024 Sundance Film Festival took place from January 18 to 28, 2024. The first lineup of competition films was announced on December 6, 2023.

Among the highlighted events included the premiere of a documentary about the 1980s rock band Devo.
Thuringia ski jump
Thüringenschanze or Thuringia ski jump, known as Hindenburg ski jump until 1945, was a ski jumping hill in Oberhof in the Thuringian Forest. The large hill, which was built between 1925 and 1927, was one of the largest ski jumps in Germany for over 50 years in terms of jump distances. It was located on the western slope of the Wadeberg next to the youth ski jump on the outskirts of Oberhof. It hosted the ski jumping competitions of the Nordic World Ski Championships in 1931 and numerous other ski jumping competitions with international participants. The construction point (K-point), the size for which a ski jump is designed, was last at 82 meters after several conversions and extensions and the hill record, set by Jens Weißflog in 1981, was 83.5 meters. It was demolished in 1986.

Ski jumping hill
A ski jumping hill is a sports venue used for ski jumping. They vary in size from temporary handmade snow structures to permanent competition venues. At the top is an in-run where the jumper runs down to generate sufficient speed, before reaching the jump. The skier is then airborne until landing on the landing slope. The last part of the hill is the out-run, which may be either flat or even uphill, allowing the jumper to stop. The construction point (K point) is used to determine the distance points for a particular length. The size of a hill is measured in the hill size. Hills with a hill size exceeding HS185 are designated ski flying hills; there are five such hills in the world.
Ray Brown (safety)
Raymond Madison Brown (January 12, 1949 – October 26, 2023) was an American professional football player who was a safety in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the West Texas State Buffaloes. He was drafted by the Atlanta Falcons in the sixth round of the 1971 NFL draft.

1971 NFL draft
The 1971 NFL draft was held January 28–29, 1971, at the Belmont Plaza Hotel in New York City, New York.  The Boston Patriots, who did not officially change their name to New England Patriots until after the draft, used the first overall pick to select quarterback Jim Plunkett, the Heisman Trophy winner. It was the first draft where the first three selections were quarterbacks (Plunkett, Archie Manning, and Dan Pastorini).

During round 17, after Falcons coach Norm Van Brocklin had yelled to his staff "Do we want the roughest, toughest s.o.b. in the draft?!", the team drafted the then-64-year-old actor John Wayne, though saying he was from "Fort Apache State" (Wayne actually played football at USC); NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle rejected the selection.
Lesvi
Lesvi is a Roman Catholic titular bishopric in the former ecclesiastical province of Mauretania Sitifensis, suffragan of Sitifis, or Sétif, in modern Algeria. It is not, as is sometimes stated, the Island of Lesbos, which never was a titular bishopric, but possesses two titular archbishoprics: Mytilene and Methymna.

The "Itinerarium Antonini" describes Lesvi as situated twenty-five miles from Tupusuctu or Tiklat and eighteen miles from Horrea Aninici (now Ain-Roua, south of Béjaïa). The town was therefore located on the Bou Sellam River. However, there are no archaeological remains.

Béjaïa
Béjaïa (/bɪˈdʒaɪə/ bij-EYE-ə; Arabic: بجاية, romanized: Bijāya, pronounced [biˈdʒaːja], locally [ˈb(d)ʒæːjə]), formerly known as Bougie and Bugia, is a Mediterranean port city and commune on the Gulf of Béjaïa in Algeria; it is the capital of Béjaïa Province.
301 Bavaria
301 Bavaria is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the intermediate asteroid belt, approximately 53 kilometers (33 miles) in diameter. It was discovered by Johann Palisa on 16 November 1890 in Vienna.

301 Bavaria is classified as a carbonaceous C-type asteroid. It is spinning with a rotation period of 12.24 h.

Johann Palisa
Johann Palisa (6 December 1848 – 2 May 1925) was an Austrian astronomer, born in Troppau, Austrian Silesia, now Czech Republic. He was a prolific discoverer of asteroids, discovering 122 in all, from 136 Austria in 1874 to 1073 Gellivara in 1923. Some of his notable discoveries include 153 Hilda, 216 Kleopatra, 243 Ida, 253 Mathilde, 324 Bamberga, and the near-Earth asteroid 719 Albert. Palisa made his discoveries without the aid of photography, and he remains the most successful visual (non-photographic) asteroid discoverer of all time. He was awarded the Valz Prize from the French Academy of Sciences in 1906. The asteroid 914 Palisana, discovered by Max Wolf in 1919, and the lunar crater Palisa were named in his honour.
History of Sligo
The town of Sligo was founded in 1243 AD by the Norman knight Maurice Fitzgerald and Fedlim O'Conchobar the Rí Coiced (Provincial King) of Connacht. Norman influence appears to have lasted for about 60 years. From around 1310, after the Gaelic resurgence, the town existed well within the Gaelic cultural zone and developed on the Sligeach (Garavogue) river under the O’Conchobhar Sligigh dynasty and within the Irish túath of Cairbre Droma Cliabh as part of the Gaelic confederation of Iochtar Connacht (Lower Connacht) until the creation of County Sligo by the English Lord Deputy Henry Sidney in 1561.

Lough Gill
Lough Gill (Irish: Loch Gile, meaning 'bright or white lake') is a freshwater lough (lake) mainly situated in County Sligo, but partly in County Leitrim, in Ireland. Lough Gill provides the setting for William Butler Yeats' poem "The Lake Isle of Innisfree".
Swaps Regulatory Improvement Act
The Swaps Regulatory Improvement Act (H.R. 992) is a bill that would amend the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.  The Swaps Regulatory Improvement Act would improve the ability of banks to use swaps as a tool for hedging risk. If Dodd–Frank is not amended, non-bank institutions will have to do many of the swap trades instead.  H.R. 992 passed the House during the 113th United States Congress.

Hedge (finance)
A hedge is an investment position intended to offset potential losses or gains that may be incurred by a companion investment. A hedge can be constructed from many types of financial instruments, including stocks, exchange-traded funds, insurance, forward contracts, swaps, options, gambles, many types of over-the-counter and derivative products, and futures contracts.

Public futures markets were established in the 19th century to allow transparent, standardized, and efficient hedging of agricultural commodity prices; they have since expanded to include futures contracts for hedging the values of energy, precious metals, foreign currency, and interest rate fluctuations.
The Atheist's Guide to Christmas
The Atheist's Guide to Christmas is a 2009 book written by 42 atheist celebrities, comedians, scientists and writers who give their humorous and serious tips for enjoying the Christmas season as an atheist. It made the Amazon best-seller list on its launch.
It is the first atheist charity book campaign with the full book advance and half of the royalties being donated to the UK HIV charity Terrence Higgins Trust.

Contributors to the book include Richard Dawkins, Charlie Brooker, Derren Brown, Ben Goldacre, Jenny Colgan, David Baddiel, Simon Singh, AC Grayling, Jey McCreight, Natalie Haynes, Brian Cox, Nick Doody, Ed Byrne, Christina Martin, Matt Kirshen, Richard Herring, Emery Emery and Simon Le Bon. In the audio book version, the authors read out their contributions.  The number of authors was kept to 42 to honor the memory of Douglas Adams, a friend of Richard Dawkins and an atheist himself.

Ed Byrne (comedian)
Edward Cathal Byrne (born 16 April 1972) is an Irish actor and comedian. He has presented the British television shows Just for Laughs and Uncut! Best Unseen Ads, has been a guest on numerous television panel games and has appeared on a number of television cooking shows.
Lyne, Surrey
Lyne is a village in the Borough of Runnymede in Surrey, England, approximately 32 km (20 mi) southwest of central London. In the early 13th century, the area was known as la Linde meaning the lime tree.

The nearest town is Chertsey, approximately 1.6 miles (2.6 km) to the east.  The M25 motorway is accessible via junction 11 and runs immediately to the east of the village.

Tilia
Tilia is a genus of about 30 species of trees or bushes, native throughout most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The species are known as linden or lime for the European and Asian species, and linden or basswood for North American species and more generally in American literature. The greatest species diversity is found in Asia, but the genus also occurs widely in Europe and eastern North America. Under the Cronquist classification system, this genus was placed in the family Tiliaceae, but genetic research summarised by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group has resulted in the incorporation of this genus, and of most of the previous family, into the Malvaceae.

Tilia is the only known ectomycorrhizal genus in the family Malvaceae. Studies of ectomycorrhizal relations of Tilia species indicate a wide range of fungal symbionts and a preference toward Ascomycota fungal partners.
Football at the Osandok Prize Sports Games
Football at the Osandok Prize Sports Games is an association football competition held for professional teams in the Multi-sport events - Osandok Prize Sports Games in North Korea. It is held and overseen by the DPR Korea Football Association and was founded in 2015. Osandok is a dong in hoeryeong

Hoeryong
Hoeryŏng (Hangul: "회령시", Korean pronunciation: [ɸwe̞.ɾjʌŋ]) is a city in North Hamgyong Province, North Korea. It is located opposite Jilin Province, China, with the Tumen River in between. Sanhe (三合鎮), in Longjing City, is the closest Chinese town across the river. Hoeryŏng is the birthplace of Kim Il Sung's first wife and Kim Jong Il's mother, Kim Jong Suk. The Hoeryong Revolutionary Site commemorates the birthplace.

The former Hoeryŏng concentration camp (Kwalliso No. 22) was located 20 kilometres (12 mi) from the city.
Pavel David
Pavel David (born 17 October 1978) is a Czech former footballer. David, who played as a forward, spent several years in Germany, playing for the first and second teams of 1. FC Nürnberg. He has also played for SC Pfullendorf, Rot-Weiß Erfurt, Dynamo Dresden and Hallescher FC.

SC Pfullendorf
SC Pfullendorf is a German sports club based in Pfullendorf, Baden-Württemberg. The 700-member club is best known for its football department, but also has departments for chess, table tennis and ice stock sport, a winter sport similar to curling.
Pucice
Pucice [puˈt͡ɕit͡sɛ] (German: Oberhof) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Goleniów, within Goleniów County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) south-west of Goleniów and 12 km (7 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 490.

Goleniów County
Goleniów County (Polish: powiat goleniowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Goleniów, which lies 22 kilometres (14 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin. The county also contains the towns of Nowogard, lying 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Goleniów, and Maszewo, 19 km (12 mi) south-east of Goleniów.

The county covers an area of 1,616.99 square kilometres (624.3 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 78,738, out of which the population of Goleniów is 22,448, that of Nowogard is 16,745, that of Maszewo is 3,073, and the rural population is 36,472.
Neuville Airport
Neuville Airport (TC LID: CNV9) is a privately owned general aviation aerodrome operated by Neuville Aéro. It is located 16 nautical miles (30 km; 18 mi) west of Quebec City and 1.1 NM (2.0 km; 1.3 mi) northeast of the village of Neuville, Quebec, in Canada.

Built in 2012, the airfield, which includes a 3,000 ft (914 m) runway and a hangar is primarily intended for owners of light aircraft. Construction and commissioning of the aerodrome is hotly contested by a group of citizens, the town and the Quebec government, among others, on a variety of environmental and jurisdictional grounds.

Light aircraft
A light aircraft is an aircraft that has a maximum gross takeoff weight of 12,500 lb (5,670 kg) or less.

Light aircraft are used as utility aircraft commercially for small-scale passenger and freight transport; for sightseeing, photography, cropdusting, and other so-called aerial work roles of civil aviation; for the personal-use aspect of general aviation; and in certain aspects of military aviation.

Examples of aircraft that are at the maximum gross takeoff weight for this category include the de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter and Beechcraft B200 Super King Air.
Wakinyantanka
Wakinyantanka (from Lakota Wakíŋyaŋ Tȟáŋka, "great thunderbird") is an ichnogenus of footprint produced by a large theropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation of South Dakota. Wakinyantanka tracks are large with three long, slender toes with occasional impressions of a short hallux and narrow metatarsals. Wakinyantanka was the first dinosaur track to be discovered in the Hell Creek Formation, which remain rare in the preservational conditions of the rocks. The potential trackmakers may be a large oviraptorosaur or a small (possibly juvenile) tyrannosaurid.

Toe
Toes are the digits of the foot of a tetrapod. Animal species such as cats that walk on their toes are described as being digitigrade. Humans, and other animals that walk on the soles of their feet, are described as being plantigrade; unguligrade animals are those that walk on hooves at the tips of their toes.
Parry Sound Area Municipal Airport
Parry Sound Area Municipal Airport (IATA: YPD, TC LID: CNK4), commonly known as Parry Sound Airport, is a registered aerodrome that serves as a regional airport located in Seguin Township within the Parry Sound District in Ontario, Canada. It is used by civil aviation, air ambulances, Hydro One Helicopters, the Ontario Provincial Police, and search and rescue. It is located 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) southeast of Parry Sound.

This airport has served both the Parry Sound community and as a passage to the north since 1979. Located just north of the top of Lake Joseph, it also offers a fuel and rest point for pilots of smaller aircraft in the cottage country area. The airport offers food from its Wings Cafe, an addition since 2006.

Lake Joseph
Lake Joseph is located in Seguin Township, Ontario. Cottage development in the Muskoka region began on the northern islands of Lake Joseph in the 1870's but quickly spread to other sections of all three of the larger Muskoka lakes. Lake Joseph is connected to Lake Rosseau through the narrows at Port Sandfield and the Joseph River. William Robinson, a member of the House of Assembly for Upper Canada (1830-1840) and later Commissioner of Public Works named Lake Joseph and neighbouring Lake Rosseau after his friend Joseph Rousseau, the father of a fur trader in the area.
Laws of Deception
Laws of Deception is an erotic suspense thriller film produced in 1997. Written by Rollin Jarrett and directed by Joey Travolta, it stars C. Thomas Howell, James Russo, Amber Smith, Nick Mancuso and Brian Austin Green.

Nick Mancuso
Nicodemo Antonio Massimo Mancuso (born May 29, 1948) is an Italian-Canadian actor, artist, playwright, and director. Beginning his career as a stage actor, he had his breakthrough role in the 1981 drama Ticket to Heaven, for which he won the Genie Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor. He has over 155 film and television credits, including voicing Billy in the slasher film Black Christmas (1974), acting as Eli in the film Heartbreakers (1984), starring as Ray on the NBC series Stingray (1985–1987), and playing antichrist Franco Macalousso in the Apocalypse film series (1998–2001).
Patricia Bouyer-Decitre
Patricia Bouyer-Decitre (published as Patricia Bouyer, born 1976) is a French theoretical computer scientist known for her research on timed automata, model checking, and  temporal logic. She is a senior researcher for the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), and director of the Laboratoire Méthodes Formelles (Formal Methods Lab) of CNRS and the École normale supérieure Paris-Saclay.

Model checking
In computer science, model checking or property checking is a method for checking whether a finite-state model of a system meets a given specification (also known as correctness). This is typically associated with hardware or software systems, where the specification contains liveness requirements (such as avoidance of livelock) as well as safety requirements (such as avoidance of states representing a system crash).

In order to solve such a problem algorithmically, both the model of the system and its specification are formulated in some precise mathematical language. To this end, the problem is formulated as a task in logic, namely to check whether a structure satisfies a given logical formula. This general concept applies to many kinds of logic and many kinds of structures. A simple model-checking problem consists of verifying whether a formula in the propositional logic is satisfied by a given structure.
Copa Tres Diamantes
The Copa Tres Diamantes is a golf tournament on the Tour de las Americas, the highest level professional golf tour in Latin America. First held in 2006, it has always been held at the Barquisimeto Country Club in Barquisimeto, Venezuela.

Although it has been a fixture on the Tour de las Americas schedule since its inception, it has only been a qualifying event for the Order of Merit since 2008.

Barquisimeto
Barquisimeto is the capital city of Lara and seat of the Iribarren Municipality in Venezuela. Barquisimeto is located in the Central-Western Region. The city is an important urban, industrial, commercial, musical, and transportational center in the country, recognized as the fourth-largest city by population after Caracas, Maracaibo, and Valencia. Barquisimeto is sometimes referred to as the "Music City of Venezuela" due to the large number of musical institutions there. Gustavo Dudamel, the director of the Simón Bolívar Symphony Orchestra and the Los Angeles Philharmonic, was born in the city.
Lietaer
Lietaer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bernard Lietaer (1942–2019), Belgian civil engineer, economist, writer, and academic

Eliot Lietaer (born 1990), Belgian cyclist

Noël Liétaer (1908–1941), French footballer

Noël Liétaer
Noël Liétaer (17 November 1908 – 21 February 1941) was a French association footballer. He played for U.S. Tourcoing and Excelsior AC Roubaix, and earned 7 caps for the France national football team, and played in the 1934 FIFA World Cup. A soldier in the French Army's 100th Infantry Regiment, he died of an illness in Rostock as a prisoner of war in 1941.