hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Defense of the Wola cemeteries
The defense of the Wola cemeteries consisted of defensive battles in the area of Powązki and Okopowa Street in Warsaw, conducted by soldiers of the Home Army's Kedyw during the Warsaw Uprising.

From August 6 to 11, 1944, the units of the Radosław Group fiercely defended the cemetery zone in Wola. Fighting in partial encirclement, they managed to tie down significant enemy forces in this area, thereby giving the Home Army command time to organize the defense of the Old Town. Not having received permission from superiors to evacuate to the nearby Kampinos Forest, Lieutenant Colonel Jan Mazurkiewicz, codenamed Radosław, was ultimately forced to withdraw his units through the ruins of the Warsaw Ghetto to the Old Town. The battles in defense of the Wola cemeteries cost the Radosław Group more than half of its original personnel.

Radosław Group
Radosław Group (Polish: Zgrupowanie Radosław) was the codename of a group of Kedyw, a Polish World War II Armia Krajowa organization, units during World War II created shortly before the outbreak of the Warsaw Uprising.
Duan Siping
Duan Siping (Chinese: 段思平; pinyin: Duàn Sīpíng, IPA: [twân sí.pʰǐŋ]; Bai: Duainb six-pienp), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizu of Dali, was the founder and first emperor of the Dali Kingdom. The Dali Kingdom would last until the Mongol conquest in 1253 led by Kublai Khan and its territories would later be ruled by the Yuan dynasty.

Bai language
Bai (Bai: Baip‧ngvp‧zix; simplified Chinese: 白语; traditional Chinese: 白語; pinyin: Báiyǔ; lit. 'white language') is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in China, primarily in Yunnan Province, by the Bai people. The language has over a million speakers and is divided into three or four main dialects. Bai syllables are always open, with a rich set of vowels and eight tones. The tones are divided into two groups with modal and non-modal (tense, harsh or breathy) phonation. There is a small amount of traditional literature written with Chinese characters, Bowen (僰文), as well as a number of recent publications printed with a recently standardized system of romanisation using the Latin alphabet.

The origins of Bai have been obscured by intensive Chinese influence of an extended period. Different scholars have proposed that it is an early offshoot or sister language of Chinese, part of the Loloish branch, or a separate group within the Sino-Tibetan family.
Philippe De Brouwer
Philippe J.S. De Brouwer (born 21 February 1969) is a European investment and banking professional as well as academician in finance and investing. As a scientist he is mostly known for his solution to the Fallacy of Large Numbers (formulated by Paul A Samuelson in 1963) and his formulation of the Maslowian Portfolio Theory in the field of investment advice (and annex theory Target Oriented Investment Advice).

He worked mainly in Belgium, Ireland and Poland, where he currently lives. He is associated to the University of Warsaw and has a collaboration with the Vlerick Business School, while working in risk management for a large banking corporation.

Vlerick Business School
Vlerick Business School ("Vlerick") is a Belgian business school with campuses in Ghent, Leuven, and Brussels. It is a result of a merger of MBA programmes of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and of the Instituut Professor Vlerick voor Management of Ghent University, in 1999 (which, however, have both started offering MBA programmes again since). It is a higher education institute recognized and subsidized by decree.
8th Parliament of Ontario
The 8th Legislative Assembly of Ontario was in session from June 26, 1894, until January 28, 1898, just prior to the 1898 general election. The majority party was the Ontario Liberal Party  led by Oliver Mowat. Arthur Sturgis Hardy succeeded Mowat as Premier in 1896 after Mowat entered federal politics. The Assembly also had significant groupings from the Patrons of Industry (representing farmers' interests) and the Protestant Protective Association (representing anti-Catholic sentiment, and associated with the Orange Order), each of which returned candidates either on their own or with local Liberal or Conservative support.

William Douglas Balfour served as Speaker for the assembly until he was named to cabinet on July 14, 1896. Alfred Évanturel succeeded him as Speaker.

Protestant Protective Association
The Protestant Protective Association was an anti-Catholic group in the 1890s based in Ontario, Canada, associated with the Orange Order. Originally a spinoff of the American group the American Protective Association, it became independent in 1892. The PPA denounced the role of Catholics and French-Canadians in politics, and warned Protestants that Catholics were attempting to take over Ontario. It aimed to eliminate French language education in schools in Ontario and western Canada (particularly Manitoba), and to roll back or block Catholic school systems in those provinces.
Museum for Old Techniques
The Museum for Old Techniques (Dutch: Museum voor de Oudere Technieken, MOT) is located in Grimbergen, Belgium. The museum has an extensive collection of hand tools, technical manuals and trade catalogues.

The MOT studies the history of techniques, more specifically natural power. The subject is limited to what is driven by muscle, water or wind power.

Grimbergen
Grimbergen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɣrɪmbɛrɣə(n)]) is a municipality in the province of Flemish Brabant, in the Flemish region of Belgium, 10 km (6.2 mi) north of the capital Brussels. The municipality comprises the towns of Beigem, Grimbergen, Humbeek, and Strombeek-Bever. In 2017, Grimbergen had a total population of 37,030. The total area is 38.61 km2 (14.91 sq mi), which gives a population density of 959/km2 (2,480/sq mi), this is not much for a Region.

Grimbergen is in the Dutch language area of Belgium. The French-speaking minority is represented by four members on the 30-seat local council. Grimbergen is mostly known for its Norbertine abbey and the beer once brewed there. Grimbergen's proximity to Brussels makes it a residential town for commuting.
2022 Birmingham Classic – Singles
Beatriz Haddad Maia won the women's singles title at the 2022 Birmingham Classic, after Zhang Shuai retired from the final with the scoreline at 5–4 due to a neck injury. By winning the title, Haddad Maia extended her winning streak to 10 consecutive matches.

Ons Jabeur was the defending champion, but she chose to play in Berlin instead.

Donna Vekić
Donna Vekić (Croatian pronunciation: [ʋěːkitɕ]; born 28 June 1996) is a Croatian professional tennis player. She achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 17 on 27 January 2025. Her best performance at a major is reaching the semifinals at the 2024 Wimbledon Championships, the longest in the history of the tournament, which she lost against Jasmine Paolini. Vekić is also an Olympic silver medalist, in singles at the 2024 Paris Olympics.

Vekić has won four singles titles on the WTA Tour – at the 2014 Malaysian Open, at the 2017 Nottingham Open, the 2021 Courmayeur Ladies Open, and the 2023 Monterrey Open. She has also won five titles in singles and one doubles title on the ITF Circuit.
Dúbravka, Bratislava
Dúbravka (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈduːbrawka]) is a city borough of Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia. It is located in the north-western part of the city, lying on the slopes of the Devín Carpathians mountains. It is part of the Bratislava IV administrative district. 
The city borough covers 862 ha and is home to approximately 36,000 inhabitants. The borough is served by both public transport trams and buses, yet Dúbravka is known for the low level of service provided here.

Dúbravka features a museum, an ancient Germanic settlement with Roman-style buildings (sometimes wrongly labeled "villa rustica"), a covered ice stadium, ŠKP Dúbravka football stadium, numerous schools, two Roman Catholic churches and an Evangelical church. The Dúbravka House of Culture is the cultural center of the borough.

Slovak Democratic and Christian Union – Democratic Party
The Slovak Democratic and Christian Union – Democratic Party (Slovak: Slovenská demokratická a kresťanská únia – Demokratická strana, SDKÚ-DS) is a liberal-conservative, Christian-democratic political party in Slovakia. The SDKÚ-DS was a member of the Centrist Democrat International and was a member of the European People's Party until 2018, when it was expelled due to inactivity.

For 10 years, SDKÚ was a major centre-right political force in Slovakia. During their rule, Slovakia became member of the European Union and NATO, as well as put through economic reforms leading to the 00's economic boom. The party lost its significance in the 2012 parliamentary election, when it received only 6% of the popular vote. In the 2016 election, it lost the rest of its MPs and received only 0.26% of the vote. The party ran again in the 2023 election, receiving only 0,03% of votes.
WarGames (video game)
WarGames is a strategy video game developed by Coleco for the ColecoVision and published in 1984. It was ported to the 
Atari 8-bit computers and Commodore 64. The game's goal is to defend the United States against nuclear attack, much in the style of a less frantic Missile Command. The principal designer was Coleco staffer Joseph Angiolillo.

Joseph Angiolillo presented a one-hour seminar on the creation of WarGames at the August 2011 Board Game Players Convention in Lancaster, PA where he showed a DVD of his creation process and memos and lists from Coleco showing the designers of each Coleco product.

The game was directly inspired by MGM's 1983 film WarGames, but instead of depicting the film's events, it adapts its iconic NORAD scene into playable form.

NORAD
The North American Aerospace Defense Command (commonly abbreviated to NORAD /ˈnɔːræd/ NΟR-ad; French: Commandement de la défense aérospatiale de l'Amérique du Nord; CDAAN) is a bi-national mutual defense organization in Canada and the United States. Established 12 September 1957 as the North American Air Defense Command, NORAD is headquartered at Peterson Space Force Base in Colorado, which also serves as the headquarters of United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM).

During World War II, Canada contacted the United States for protection from Nazi aggression. Later, during the beginning of the Cold War, the U.S. and Canada formed a permanent military alliance.

NORAD has three regions: the Alaskan region, the Canadian region, and the American Continental region. The administrative offices are located in New Mexico and Arizona. NORAD has an alternate command center called Cheyenne Mountain Complex in Colorado. NORAD has a total of 1,000 soldiers, personnel and military dependents.
Albertine Necker de Saussure
Albertine Adrienne Necker de Saussure (9 April 1766, in Geneva – 13 April 1841, in Mornex, on the Salève, near Geneva) was a Genevan and then Swiss writer and educationalist, and an early advocate of education for women.

Education sciences
Education sciences, also known as education studies or education theory, and traditionally called pedagogy, seek to describe, understand, and prescribe education including education policy. Subfields include comparative education, educational research, instructional theory, curriculum theory and psychology, philosophy, sociology, economics, and history of education. Related are learning theory or cognitive science.
Doué River
Doué River (French: Rivière Doué) is a left branch of the Senegal River in Senegal roughly between the cities of Kaédi and Podor. The Doué is about 68 kilometers long, and it runs parallel to the Senegal River on its southern side. The long land strip between the branches is called Morfil.

The Ndioum Bridge spans the Doué River to connect the town of Ndioum to Morphil Island. Prior to the bridge being built, people drowned frequently due to canoes and ferries being capsized.

Kaédi
Kaédi (Arabic: كيهيدي) is the largest city and administrative center of the Gorgol Region of Southern Mauritania, located on the border with Senegal. It is approximately 435 km from Mauritania's capital, Nouakchott.
High school diploma
A high school diploma (sometimes referred to as a high school degree) is a diploma awarded upon graduation of high school. A high school diploma is awarded after completion of courses of studies lasting four years, from grade 9 to grade 12. It is the school leaving qualification in the United States and Canada.

The diploma is awarded by the school in accordance with the requirements of the local state or provincial government. Requirements for earning the diploma vary by jurisdiction, and there may be different requirements for different streams or levels of high school graduation. Typically they include a combination of selected coursework meeting specified criteria for a particular stream and acceptable passing grades earned on the state exit examination.

Cambridge International Education
Cambridge International Education (abbreviated CIE, informally known as Cambridge International or simply Cambridge and formerly known as CAIE, Cambridge Assessment International Education and CIE, Cambridge International Examinations) is a provider of international qualifications, offering examinations and qualifications to 10,000 schools in more than 160 countries. It is part of Cambridge University Press & Assessment, a non-profit and non-teaching department of the University of Cambridge.
Issei Kitagawa
Issei Kitagawa (北川 一成, Kitagawa Issei, December 1, 1942 in Higashiōsaka – September 7, 2021) was a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party, a member of the House of Councillors in the Diet (national legislature). A graduate of Kansai University, he was elected to the House of Councillors for the first time in 2004 after serving in the assembly of Osaka Prefecture for four terms.

Higashiōsaka
Higashiōsaka (東大阪市, Higashiōsaka-shi; literally "East Osaka City") is a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2023, the city had an estimated population of 486,464 in 233,124 households and a population density of 7,874 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 61.78 square kilometres (23.85 sq mi). The city is known as one of the industrial cities of Japan and "the rugby football town".
ICF Canoe Marathon World Championships
ICF Canoe Marathon World Championships is an International Canoe Federation competition in canoe marathon in which athletes compete over long distances. The race usually starts and ends at the same place, and includes portages. Race categories vary by the number of athletes in the boat, the length of the course, and whether the boat is a canoe or kayak. In a kayak, the paddler is seated in the direction of travel, and uses a double-bladed paddle. In a canoe the paddler kneels on one knee with the other leg forward and foot flat on the floor inside the boat, and paddles a single-bladed paddle on one side only. The World Championships were held every two years from 1988, becoming annual in 1998.

Sprint canoe
A sprint canoe is a canoe used in International Canoe Federation canoe sprint. It is an open boat propelled by one, two or four paddlers from a kneeling position, using single-bladed paddles. The difficulty of balance can depend on how wide or narrow the canoe is, although regularly the less contact a canoe has with the water the faster it goes. This makes the narrower boats much faster and popular when it comes to racing.
Kitatono Station
Kitatono Station (北殿駅, Kitatono-eki) is a railway station on the Iida Line in the village of Minamiminowa, Kamiina District, Nagano Prefecture, Japan, operated by Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central).

Kamiina District, Nagano
Kamiina (上伊那郡, Kamiina-gun) is a district located in southern Nagano Prefecture, Japan.

As of May 2008, the district has an estimated population of 86,453 with a density of 168 persons per km2. The total area is 514.55 km2.

On the other hand, if the cities of Ina and Komagane were included, the area will be known as the Kamiina Region.
Steve Wiebe
Steven J. Wiebe (/ˈwiːbi/; born January 3, 1969) is an American two-time world champion of the video game Donkey Kong, most recently holding the title from September 20, 2010, to January 10, 2011, with a high score of 1,064,500. Wiebe was the first person to achieve over a million points on Donkey Kong, with 1,006,600 on July 4, 2004. He is one of the primary subjects of the 2007 documentary The King of Kong: A Fistful of Quarters. Like his Donkey Kong rival Billy Mitchell, Wiebe was put in a Topps Allen & Ginter baseball set, which is featured in the 2009 edition of the baseball product.

Topps
The Topps Company, Inc. is an American company that manufactures trading cards and other  collectibles. Formerly based in New York City, Topps is best known as a leading producer of baseball and other sports and non-sports themed trading cards. Topps also produces cards under the brand names Allen & Ginter and Bowman.

In the 2010s, Topps was the only baseball card manufacturer with a license with Major League Baseball. Following the loss of that license to Fanatics, Inc. in 2022, Fanatics acquired Topps in the same year.
Driven right leg circuit
A driven right leg circuit (DRL circuit; also known as the right leg driving technique) is an electric circuit that is often added to biological signal amplifiers to reduce common-mode interference. Biological signal amplifiers such as ECG (electrocardiogram), EEG (electroencephalogram), or EMG circuits measure very small electrical signals emitted by the body, often as small as several micro-volts (millionths of a volt). However, the patient's body can also act as an antenna which picks up electromagnetic interference, especially 50/60 Hz noise from electrical power lines. This interference can obscure the biological signals, making them very hard to measure. Right leg driver circuitry is used to eliminate interference noise by actively cancelling the interference.

Other methods of noise control include:

Faraday cage

Twisting Wires

High Gain Instrumentation Amplifier

Filtering

Electronic filter
Electronic filters are a type of signal processing filter in the form of electrical circuits.  This article covers those filters consisting of lumped electronic components, as opposed to distributed-element filters.  That is, using components and interconnections that, in analysis, can be considered to exist at a single point.  These components can be in discrete packages or part of an integrated circuit.

Electronic filters remove unwanted frequency components from the applied signal, enhance wanted ones, or both. They can be:

passive or active

analog or digital

high-pass, low-pass, band-pass, band-stop (band-rejection; notch), or all-pass.

discrete-time (sampled) or continuous-time

linear or non-linear

infinite impulse response (IIR type) or finite impulse response (FIR type)

The most common types of electronic filters are linear filters, regardless of other aspects of their design. See the article on linear filters for details on their design and analysis.
AEG D.I
The AEG D.I was a prototype biplane fighter built by the Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft (AEG) during the First World War for the Imperial German Army's (Deutsches Heer) Imperial German Air Service (Luftstreitkräfte). Three prototypes were ordered in 1917, but after the first two were involved in fatal crashes, development was cancelled. A triplane version was built as the Dr.I.

MG 08
The MG 08 (German: Maschinengewehr 08, lit. 'Machine gun 08') is a heavy machine gun (HMG) which served as the standard HMG of the Imperial German Army during World War I. It was an adaptation of Hiram Maxim's 1884 Maxim gun design, and was produced in a number of variants during the war. The MG 08 also saw service during World War II in the infantry divisions of the German Army, although by the end of the war it had mostly been relegated to second-rate "fortress" units.

Designated after 1908, the year it was adopted by the Imperial German Army, the MG 08 was a development of the license-made MG 01, which was a slight development of the MG 99 The MG 08's rate of fire depends on the lock assembly used and averages 500 rounds per minute for the Schloss 08 and 600 rounds per minute for the Schloss 16. Additional telescopic sights were also developed and used in large quantities during World War I to enable the MG 08 to be used in long-range direct fire and indirect fire support roles.
Cameron Crazies
The Cameron Crazies are the student section supporting the Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team and the Duke Blue Devils women's basketball team. The section can hold approximately 1,200 occupants. The section, also deemed "The Zoo" by Al McGuire for their humorous pranks, and "The Sixth-Man" by Duke men's basketball head coach Mike Krzyzewski, is known for being "rude, crude and lewd – as well as cleverly funny," stated Frank Vehorn of the Virginian-Pilot. The Crazies are famous for painting their bodies blue and white or wearing outrageous outfits. They start their cheering as soon as warm-ups begin. Throughout the game, the Crazies jump up and down when the opposing team has possession of the ball and yell cheers in unison at focal points of the game.

The Virginian-Pilot
The Virginian-Pilot is the daily newspaper for Hampton Roads, Virginia, United States. Commonly known as The Pilot, it is Virginia's largest daily. It serves the five cities of South Hampton Roads as well as several smaller towns across southeast Virginia and northeast North Carolina.  It was a locally owned, family enterprise from its founding in 1865 at the close of the American Civil War until its sale to Tribune Publishing in 2018. Its headquarters is in Newport News, and prior to 2020 was in Norfolk.

The Virginian-Pilot is owned by parent company Tribune Publishing. This company was acquired by Alden Global Capital, which operates its media properties through Digital First Media, in May 2021.
Attaiyeh
Attaiyeh (Persian: عطائيه, also Romanized as ‘Aţţā’īyeh) is a village in Eshqabad Rural District, Miyan Jolgeh District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 801, in 200 families.

Nishapur County
Nishapur County (Persian: شهرستان نیشاپور) is in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Nishapur, the second largest city in the province and the third largest city in Eastern Iran.
Emanuela Felici
Emanuela Felici (born 22 December 1980 in Borgo Maggiore) is a Sammarinese sport shooter. She represented her nation San Marino in two editions of the Olympic Games (2000 and 2004), finishing seventh each in the process. Considered one of the world's top female trap shooters, Felici pocketed two career bronze medals at the 2002 European Championships in Lonato del Garda, Italy, and at the 2007 ISSF World Cup Series in Maribor, Slovenia.

Borgo Maggiore
Borgo Maggiore (Italian pronunciation: [ˈborgo madˈdʒoːre]; Romagnol: E Bórgh; lit. 'Major borough') is one of the nine castelli of San Marino. It lies at the foot of Monte Titano and has a population of 6,953 (January 2025), making it the second largest town of San Marino after Dogana.