hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Problems (Aristotle)
Problems (Greek: Προβλήματα; Latin: Problemata) is an Aristotelian or possibly pseudo-Aristotelian collection of questions about the world and answers to them. The collection, gradually assembled by the peripatetic school, reached its final form anywhere between the third century BC and the 6th century AD. The work is divided by topic into 38 sections, and the whole contains almost 900 problems.

Later writers to compose question-and-answer works in imitation of Problems include Plutarch, Alexander of Aphrodisias, and Cassius Iatrosophista. The medieval and Renaissance commentators of Aristotle's Problemata include Pietro d'Abano (whose Expositio of 1310 was reprinted in a number of early editions), Giulio Guastavini and Ludovico Settala.

Pseudo-Aristotle
Pseudo-Aristotle is a general cognomen for authors of philosophical or medical treatises who attributed their works to the Greek philosopher Aristotle, or whose work was later attributed to him by others. Such falsely attributed works are known as pseudepigrapha. The term Corpus Aristotelicum covers both the authentic and spurious works of Aristotle.
Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology
Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal publishing review articles on ADME-Tox. It was established in 2005 and is published by Taylor and Francis. The editor-in-chief is Luis Valerio (Food and Drug Administration).

Embase
Embase (often styled EMBASE for Excerpta Medica dataBASE) is a biomedical and pharmacological bibliographic database of published literature designed to support information managers and pharmacovigilance in complying with the regulatory requirements of a licensed drug. Embase, produced by Elsevier, contains over 32 million records from over 8,500 currently published journals from 1947 to the present. Through its international coverage, daily updates, and drug indexing with EMTREE, Embase enables tracking and retrieval of drug information in the published literature. Each record is fully indexed and Articles in Press are available for some records and In Process are available for all records, ahead of full indexing. Embase's international coverage expands across biomedical journals from 95 countries and is available through a number of database vendors.
Kallah
Yarchei Kallah (Hebrew: ירחי כלה 'months of the bride') is the name of a teachers' convention that was held twice a year in Babylonian Academies, by the Jews then in captivity in Babylon, after the beginning of the amoraic period, in the two months Adar and Elul. The name refers to the Torah as bride to be studied in the months of farming inactivity after oil and wine harvest.

Amoraim
Amoraim (Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אמוראים [ʔamoraˈʔim], singular Amora אמורא [ʔamoˈra]; "those who say" or "those who speak over the people", or "spokesmen") refers to Jewish scholars of the period from about 200 to 500 CE, who "said" or "told over" the teachings of the Oral Torah. They were primarily located in Babylonia and the Land of Israel. Their legal discussions and debates were eventually codified in the Gemara. The Amoraim followed the Tannaim in the sequence of ancient Jewish scholars. The Tannaim were direct transmitters of uncodified oral tradition; the Amoraim expounded upon and clarified the oral law after its initial codification.
2017 International Championship
The 2017 International Championship (officially the 2017 OPPO International Championship) was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place from 29 October to 5 November 2017 in Daqing, China. It was the eighth ranking event of the 2017/2018 season.

Qualifying for the tournament took place between 26 and 30 September 2017 in Preston.

Mark Selby was the defending champion, having beaten Ding Junhui 10–1 in the 2016 final. Selby retained his title by beating Mark Allen 10–7 in the final of this year's edition.

Kyren Wilson made the 133rd official maximum break in the 10th frame of his last 32 match against Martin Gould. It was Wilson's first professional maximum break.

Martin Gould
Martin Gould (born 14 September 1981) is an English former professional snooker player from Pinner in the London Borough of Harrow. He has appeared in four ranking finals and won one ranking title, the 2016 German Masters.
Terrells Mountain
Terrells Mountain or Terrell's Mountain is a hill in Chatham County, North Carolina, about 5–10 miles southwest of Chapel Hill.

Terrells Mountain contains several radio transmission antennas, the tallest of which stands at the summit and rises about 1,300 feet (400 m). The summit itself is 755 feet (230 m) above sea level.

The primary user of the antennas is WUNC and its sister stations which broadcast the public radio service operated by the nearby University of North Carolina.

Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Chapel Hill is a town in the counties of Orange and Durham, North Carolina, United States. Its population was 61,960 in the 2020 United States census, making Chapel Hill the 17th-most populous municipality in the state. Chapel Hill and Durham make up the Durham–Chapel Hill, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 608,879 in 2023. When it is combined with Raleigh, the state capital, they make up the corners of the Research Triangle (officially the Raleigh–Durham–Cary, NC Combined Statistical Area), which had an estimated population of 2,368,947 in 2023.

The town was founded in 1793 and is centered on Franklin Street, covering 21.3 square miles (55 km2). It contains several districts and buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and UNC Health Care are a major part of the economy and town influence. Local artists have created many murals in the town.
Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine (Veronese, c. 1547–1550)
Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine is an oil painting on canvas of c. 1547–1550 by the Italian Renaissance painter Paolo Veronese. It was in the Liechtenstein Collection by 1767 and was acquired in 1926 by Catherine Barker Spaulding Hickox, who in 1970 bequeathed it to its present owner, the Barker Welfare Foundation. It is currently on long-term loan from the Foundation to the Yale University Art Gallery.

Yale University Art Gallery
The Yale University Art Gallery (YUAG) is an  art museum in New Haven, Connecticut. It houses a major encyclopedic collection of art in several interconnected buildings on the campus of Yale University. Although it embraces all cultures and periods, the gallery emphasizes early Italian Renaissance painting, African sculpture, and modern art. It is the oldest university art museum in the Western Hemisphere.
Anduzedoras
Anduzedoras oxyrhynchus is the only species in the genus Anduzedoras of the catfish (order Siluriformes) family Doradidae. This species originates from the Rio Negro and upper Orinoco River basins of Brazil and Venezuela and reaches a length of 32.3 centimetres (12.7 in) SL.

Rio Negro (Amazon)
The Rio Negro (Spanish: Río Negro [ˈri.o ˈneɣɾo] "Black River"), or Guainía as it is known in its upper part, is the largest left tributary of the Amazon River (accounting for about 14% of the water in the Amazon basin), the largest blackwater river in the world, and one of the world's ten largest rivers by average discharge. It originates in the tepuis of the department of Guainía, Colombia, and then flows southeastward before finally entering Brazil. Despite its high flow, the Rio Negro has a low sediment load (5.76 million tonnes per year on average in Manaus).
Catherine Pilachowski
Catherine Anderson Pilachowski (born 1949) is an American astronomer, professor and Kirkwood Chair in astronomy at Indiana University Bloomington. She is a fellow at the American Association for the Advancement of Science and former president of the American Astronomical Society.

American Astronomical Society
The American Astronomical Society (AAS, sometimes spoken as "double-A-S") is an American society of professional astronomers and other interested individuals, headquartered in Washington, DC. The primary objective of the AAS is to promote the advancement of astronomy and closely related branches of science, while the secondary purpose includes enhancing astronomy education and providing a political voice for its members through lobbying and grassroots activities. Its current mission is to enhance and share humanity's scientific understanding of the universe as a diverse and inclusive astronomical community.
2004 Pilot Pen Tennis – Doubles
Virginia Ruano Pascual and Paola Suárez were the defending champions, but did not compete this year.

Nadia Petrova and Meghann Shaughnessy won the title by defeating Martina Navratilova and Lisa Raymond 6–1, 1–6, 7–6(7–4) in the final. It was the 10th doubles title for both players in their respective doubles careers. It was also the 6th title for the pair during the season, after their wins in Miami, Amelia Island, Berlin, Rome and Los Angeles.

Meghann Shaughnessy
Meghann Shaughnessy (born April 13, 1979) is an American former professional tennis player. She achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 11 in 2001 and won six titles on the WTA Tour. Her best doubles ranking was world No. 4, and she won 17 career doubles titles, including the WTA Championships in 2004. She is best known for her serve, which was one of the most powerful on tour, and has produced as many as 22 aces in a match.

Shaughnessy was coached and managed by Rafael Font de Mora for most of her career. She is the niece of Dan Shaughnessy, a Boston Globe sports columnist.
Forest School Complex in Biłgoraj
Forest School Complex in Biłgoraj (pl. Zespół Szkół Leśnych w Biłgoraju) is an educational institution in Biłgoraj, Poland, which brings together professional technical school and first-level vocational forestry school with an educational profile focused on forest management. It is one of the 11 forest schools in Poland.

Technikum (Polish education)
Technikum is an institute of vocational education in Poland.

It is a mass-education institution of "special middle education" category 1 step higher than PTU, but aimed to train low and middle level (depending on profile) industrial managers, foremen, coordinators, technical supervisors etc. or specializing in occupations that require skills more advanced than purely manual labor, especially in high-tech occupations (such as electronics). After graduation from a technikum/college, a student may apply to an institution of higher learning (i.e. university) as a freshman.
Chouafaa
Chouafaa is a small town and rural commune in Kénitra Province of the Rabat-Salé-Kénitra region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 17,202 people living in 2337 households.

Rabat-Salé-Kénitra
Rabat-Salé-Kénitra (Arabic: الرباط-سلا-القنيطرة, romanized: ar-ribāṭ salā al-qunayṭira) is one of twelve administrative regions of Morocco. It is situated in north-western Morocco and has a population of 5,132,639 (2024 census). The capital is Rabat.
John C. Peck
John C. Peck (October 6, 1828 – unknown) was a businessman and building contractor from Atlanta, Georgia, United States. Peck is known for constructing some of Atlanta's most notable early buildings including the Kimball House hotels.  He was also the Chief of the Department of Construction for the 1881 International Cotton Exposition under Director-General Hannibal Kimball.

International Cotton Exposition
International Cotton Exposition (I.C.E.) was a world's fair held in Atlanta, Georgia, from October 4 to December 31 of 1881.
The location was along the Western & Atlantic Railroad tracks near the present-day King Plow Arts Center development in the West Midtown area. It planned to show the progress made since the city's destruction during the Battle of Atlanta and new developments in cotton production. It demonstrated the rebirth of Atlanta and the South by announcing an end to both the racial progress of the Reconstruction Era and the regional hostilities that had plagued the nation after the Civil War.

Placed a short train ride from downtown, it was designed so that the largest building could later be used as a cotton mill (see Exposition Cotton Mills). A quarter of a million people attended, generating between $220,000 and $250,000 in receipts, split evenly between sales and gate receipts.
Franco-Flemish War
The Franco-Flemish War was a conflict between the Kingdom of France and the County of Flanders between 1297 and 1305.
The war is related to the original Gascon War and the First War of Scottish Independence, as Philip IV of France and Edward I of England sought allies in Scotland and Flanders respectively and thus involved the related conflicts.

Vassal
A vassal or liege subject is a person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe and elsewhere. While the subordinate party is called a vassal, the dominant party is called a suzerain. The rights and obligations of a vassal are called vassalage, while the rights and obligations of a suzerain are called suzerainty.
The obligations of a vassal often included military support by knights in exchange for certain privileges, usually including land held as a tenant or fief.

In contrast, fealty (fidelitas) is sworn, unconditional loyalty to a monarch.
Sack of Rome (1084)
The sack of Rome of May 1084 was a Norman sack, the result of the pope's call for aid from the duke of Apulia, Robert Guiscard.

Pope Gregory VII was besieged in the Castel Sant'Angelo by the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV in June 1083. He held out and called for aid from Guiscard, who was then fighting the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the Balkans. He returned, however, to the Italian Peninsula and marched north with 36,000 men. He entered Rome and forced Henry to retreat, but a riot of the citizens led to a three days sack, after which Guiscard escorted the pope to the Lateran. The Normans had mainly pillaged the old city, which was then one of the richest cities in Italy. After days of unending violence, the Romans rose up and caused the Normans to set fire to the city. Many of the buildings of Rome were gutted on the Capitoline and Palatine hills along with the area between the Colosseum and the Lateran. In the end the ravaged Roman populace succumbed to the Normans.

Italian Peninsula
The Italian Peninsula (Italian: penisola italica or penisola italiana) is located within the Italian geographical region; it extends from the southern Alps in the north to the central Mediterranean Sea in the south which comprises much of the country of Italy and the enclaved microstates of San Marino and Vatican City.
The peninsula is also known as the Italic Peninsula, Apennine Peninsula, Italian Boot, or Mainland Italy.
Battle of Warsaw (1656)
The Battle of Warsaw (German: Schlacht von Warschau; Polish: Bitwa pod Warszawą; Swedish: Tredagarsslaget vid Warschau) took place near Warsaw on July 28–July 30 [O.S. July 18–20] 1656, between the armies of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden and Brandenburg. It was a major battle in the Second Northern War between Poland and Sweden in the period 1655–1660, also known as The Deluge. According to Hajo Holborn, it marked "the beginning of Prussian military history".

In the battle, a smaller Swedish-Brandenburg force, but with the fire superiority of infantry and artillery gained tactical victory over a Polish–Lithuanian force superior in numbers, though in the long term the victory achieved little.  Polish–Lithuanian losses were insignificant, since the Polish-Lithuanian forces, including the sizeable noble levy  retreated in good order from the battlefield.

Hajo Holborn
Hajo Holborn (German pronunciation: [ˈhaːjo hɔlˈbɔʁn]; 18 May 1902, Berlin – 20 June 1969, Bonn) was a German-American historian and specialist in modern German history. He was designated a Sterling Professor of History at Yale University in 1959, the highest academic rank offered by the  university.
Siirt
Siirt (Kurdish: سێرت, romanized: Sêrt; Arabic: سِعِرْد, romanized: Veleye; Armenian: Սղերդ, romanized: S'gherd; Syriac: ܣܥܪܬ, romanized: Siirt;) is a city in the Siirt District of Siirt Province in Turkey. It had a population of 160,340 in 2021. The city is predominantly inhabited by Kurds and is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan.

Turkish Kurdistan
Turkish Kurdistan or Northern Kurdistan (Kurdish: Bakurê Kurdistanê) is the southeastern part of Turkey where Kurds form the predominant ethnic group. The Kurdish Institute of Paris estimates that there are 20 million Kurds living in Turkey, the majority of them in the southeast.

Southeastern Turkey (Northern Kurdistan) is considered to be one of the four parts of Kurdistan, which also includes parts of northern Syria (Western Kurdistan), northern Iraq (Southern Kurdistan) and northwestern Iran (Eastern Kurdistan).
Dannozukaana Kofun Cluster
The  Dannozukaana Kofun cluster (段の塚穴古墳群) is a pair of Kofun period burial mounds, located in the Mima neighborhood of the city of Mima, Tokushima on the island of Shikoku in Japan. It was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1942.

Shikoku
Shikoku (四国, Shikoku; pronounced [ɕi̥ꜜ.ko.kɯ, ɕi̥.koꜜ.kɯ] ⓘ, lit. 'four provinces') is the smallest of the four main islands of Japan. It is 225 kilometres (140 miles) long and between 50 and 150 kilometres (30 and 95 miles) wide. It has a population of 3.8 million, the least populated of Japan's four main islands. It is south of Honshu and northeast of Kyushu. Shikoku's ancient names include Iyo-no-futana-shima (伊予之二名島), Iyo-shima (伊予島), and Futana-shima (二名島), and its current name refers to the four former provinces that make up the island: Awa, Tosa, Sanuki, and Iyo.
Songs by Lead Belly
Songs by Lead Belly is an album by Lead Belly, recorded in 1943 by Asch Recordings and probably released in 1944.

At this point in Lead Belly's career he had split with John Lomax and was mainly recording with Moe Asch. In August 1943, Lead Belly recorded six songs for Asch.: 306–07  These songs were likely released as singles before being compiled into an album. In April 1944, Asch stated that Lead Belly was paid $250 for a special run of 10,000 copies of "How Long Blues," a cover of Leroy Carr's 1928 song.: 226  Meanwhile, the New York Times reports that in June 1944, Songs by Lead Belly was issued as a new album. Songs by Lead Belly (catalog number: Asch A-343) was Lead Belly's third album for Moe Asch. It was released as a three-disc collection of 10" 78 rpm records, with notes prepared by Charles Edward Smith.

Moses Asch
Moses Asch (December 2, 1905 – October 19, 1986) was an American recording engineer and record executive. He founded Asch Records, which then changed its name to Folkways Records when the label transitioned from 78 RPM recordings to LP records. Asch ran the Folkways label from 1948 until his death in 1986. Folkways was influential in bringing folk music into the American cultural mainstream. Some of America's greatest folk songs were originally recorded for Asch, including "This Land Is Your Land" by Woody Guthrie and "Goodnight Irene" by Lead Belly. Asch sold many commercial recordings to Verve Records; after his death, Asch's archive of ethnic  recordings was acquired by the Smithsonian Institution, and released as Smithsonian Folkways Records.
Postsynaptic density
The postsynaptic density (PSD) is a protein dense specialization attached to the postsynaptic membrane.  PSDs were originally identified by electron microscopy as an electron-dense region at the membrane of a postsynaptic neuron. The PSD is in close apposition to the presynaptic active zone and ensures that receptors are in close proximity to presynaptic neurotransmitter release sites. PSDs vary in size and composition among brain regions, and have been studied in great detail at glutamatergic synapses. Hundreds of proteins have been identified in the postsynaptic density, including glutamate receptors, scaffold proteins, and many signaling molecules.

Scaffold protein
In biology, scaffold proteins are crucial regulators of many key signalling pathways.  Although scaffolds are not strictly defined in function, they are known to interact and/or bind with multiple members of a signalling pathway, tethering them into complexes.  In such pathways, they regulate signal transduction and help localize pathway components (organized in complexes) to specific areas of the cell such as the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, the nucleus, the Golgi, endosomes, and the mitochondria.
1977 Honduran Segunda División
The 1977 Honduran Segunda División was the eleventh season of the Honduran Segunda División.  Under the management of Roy Almendárez, C.D. Tiburones won the tournament after defeating Alianza in the final series and obtained promotion to the 1978–79 Honduran Liga Nacional.

1978–79 Honduran Liga Nacional
The 1978–79 Honduran Liga Nacional season was the 13th edition of the Honduran Liga Nacional.  The format of the tournament remained the same as the previous season.  C.D. Motagua won the title after defeating Real C.D. España in the finals.  It's unclear why no Honduran representation was sent to the 1979 CONCACAF Champions' Cup.  Nevertheless, Motagua, Real España, Olimpia and Broncos obtained berths to the 1979 Copa Fraternidad.
Journal of Supply Chain Management
The Journal of Supply Chain Management is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal that was established in 1965. The journal covers supply chain management, operations management, marketing, strategic management, and social network analysis. It is published by Wiley-Blackwell and the editors-in-chief are Wendy L. Tate (University of Tennessee, Knoxville), Andreas Wieland (Copenhagen Business School), and Tingting Yan (Texas Tech University).

Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons. It was formed by the merger of John Wiley & Sons Global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing in 2007.

Wiley-Blackwell is now an imprint that publishes a diverse range of academic and professional fields, including biology, medicine, physical sciences, technology, social science, and the humanities.
Liuboslav Hutsaliuk
Liuboslav Hutsaliuk (first name also variously spelled Lubomyr, Luboslau, Ljuboslav, or shortened to Lubo and surname also spelled Hucaljuk) (2 April 1923 in Lviv – 16 December 2003 in New York City) was a Poland born Ukrainian-American painter, graphic artist, cartoonist and caricaturist. Along with Edward Kozak, Mykola Butovych and Mykhailo Moroz, Hutsaliuk was cited in 1972 as amongst the best known of Ukrainian painters living in the United States, and mentioned as "becoming increasingly popular". In 1982, he was again mentioned as one of Ukraine's "first rate artists" living in the United States. He was best known for his "neo-impressionist oil paintings of cityscapes, landscapes and still lifes."

Caricature
A caricature is a rendered image showing the features of its subject in a simplified or exaggerated way through sketching, pencil strokes, or other artistic drawings (compare to: cartoon). Caricatures can be either insulting or complimentary, and can serve a political purpose, be drawn solely for entertainment, or for a combination of both. Caricatures of politicians are commonly used in newspapers and news magazines as political cartoons, while caricatures of movie stars are often found in entertainment magazines. In literature, a caricature is a distorted representation of a person in a way that exaggerates some characteristics and oversimplifies others.