hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Crop residue
Crop residues are waste materials generated by agriculture. The two types are:

Field residues are materials left in an agricultural field or orchard after the crop has been harvested. These residues include stalks and stubble (stems), leaves and seed pods. Good management of field residues can increase efficiency of irrigation and control of erosion. The residue can be ploughed directly into the ground, or burned first. In contrast, no-till, strip-till or reduced-till agriculture practices are carried out to maximize crop residue cover.

Process residues are materials left after the crop is processed into a usable resource. These residues include husks, seeds, bagasse, molasses  and roots. They can be used as animal fodder and soil amendment, fertilizers and in manufacturing.

Field (agriculture)
In agriculture, a field is an area of land, enclosed or otherwise, used for agricultural purposes such as cultivating crops or as a paddock or enclosure for livestock.  A field may also be an area left to lie fallow or as arable land.

Many farms have a field border, usually composed of a strip of shrubs and vegetation, used to provide food and cover necessary for the survival of wildlife. It has been found that these borders may lead to an increased variety of animals and plants in the area, but also in some cases a decreased yield of crops.
1953–54 Israel State Cup
The 1953–54 Israel State Cup (Hebrew: גביע המדינה, Gvia HaMedina) was the 17th season of Israel's nationwide football cup competition and the second after the Israeli Declaration of Independence.

The competition started in March 1953, after yet another agreement ending a rift between the Hapoel and Maccabi factions in the IFA, and the first rounds were played as a part of the 1952–53 Israeli football season. The competition continued during the 1953–54 season.

The final was held at the Basa Stadium in Tel Aviv on 3 July 1954. Maccabi Tel Aviv defeated Maccabi Netanya 4–0 and won its seventh cup.

Bloomfield Stadium
Bloomfield Stadium (Hebrew: אצטדיון בלומפילד) is a football stadium in Tel Aviv, Israel, with a capacity of 29,400. It is the home stadium of Hapoel Tel Aviv and Maccabi Tel Aviv. The stadium also serves the Israel national football team for some select home matches.
2025 Istanbul Challenger – Doubles
Aleksandre Bakshi and Yankı Erel were the defending champions but only Bakshi chose to defend his title, partnering Saba Purtseladze. They retired from their first round match against Guido Andreozzi and Daniil Golubev.

Miloš Karol and Daniel Masur won the title after defeating Stefanos Sakellaridis and Karan Singh 7–6(7–2), 6–1 in the final.

Stefanos Sakellaridis
Stefanos Sakellaridis (born 13 September 2004) is a Greek tennis player. Sakellaridis has a career high ATP singles ranking of world No. 220 achieved on 23 February 2026 and a career high ATP doubles ranking of No. 285 achieved on 18 December 2023.
Defence costs
Defence costs are the cost that are incurred in the defence of a criminal trial in England and Wales. Should a defendant be acquitted they will almost always be awarded their defence costs.

Defence costs will arise when a defendant is privately represented in a criminal matter. To be privately represented means that the defence will not be covered by legal aid. This tends to be because the defendant in question is wealthy.

Defence costs will be assessed by a taxation master at the conclusion of most successful criminal trials. Defendants will only be entitled to the proportion of their costs that are found to be reasonable.

Defendant
In court proceedings, a defendant is a person or object who is the party either accused of committing a crime in criminal prosecution or against whom some type of civil relief is being sought in a civil case.

Terminology varies from one jurisdiction to another. In Scots law, the terms "accused" or "panel" are used instead in criminal proceedings and "defender" in civil proceedings. Another term in use is "respondent".
Cosoleto
Cosoleto (Calabrian: Cosolìtu) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Reggio Calabria. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,006 and an area of 33.8 square kilometres (13.1 sq mi).

Cosoleto borders the following municipalities: Africo, Delianuova, Oppido Mamertina, Roghudi, Samo, San Luca, San Procopio, Santa Cristina d'Aspromonte, Scido, Sinopoli.

Samo, Calabria
Samo (Calabrian: Samu; Calabrian Greek: Σάμος) is a small town and comune located in the Province of Reggio Calabria, southern Italy. Samo has a population of 1,090, but this increases seasonally. Samo is about 10 kilometres (6 mi) inland and about 390 metres (1,280 ft) above sea level. It is located at the foot of Aspromonte National Park.

Samo has a number of fresh water springs running in the nearby mountains and through the town which are used by most of the population for drinking.
Burning Benches
"Burning Benches" is a song by English rock band Morning Runner and was the fourth track on their 2006 debut album Wilderness Is Paradise Now. The song was also released as the lead single from that album on 20 February 2006, peaking at #19 in the UK Singles Chart (see 2006 in British music).

The single enjoyed a large amount of success on the radio, reaching the BBC Radio 1 B List, as well as being made single of the week by Steve Lamacq, Scott Mills, and Colin and Edith.

The song was, according to the band, not so much about love as it was about obsession. Lead singer Matthew Greener said, "It sounded a bit too lovely, which is why we made it louder towards the end, we wanted to mess it up a bit." It was inspired by the surreal David Lynch horror film Eraserhead, in which the main character Henry Spencer watches and listens to the Lady in the Radiator sing about finding happiness in heaven.

Scott Mills
Scott Robert Mills (born 28 March 1973) is an English radio DJ, television presenter and occasional actor. He is best known for presenting the Scott Mills show on BBC Radio 1 from 2004 to 2022 and since then, on BBC Radio 2, where he has been hosting the station's flagship breakfast show since January 2025. Mills has also been a UK commentator for the semi-finals of the Eurovision Song Contest.
Bryson of Heraclea
Bryson of Heraclea (Greek: Βρύσων Ἡρακλεώτης, gen.: Βρύσωνος; fl. late 5th-century BCE) was an ancient Greek mathematician and sophist who studied the solving the problems of squaring the circle and calculating pi.

Upper and lower bounds
In mathematics, particularly in order theory, an upper bound or majorant of a subset S of some preordered set (K, ≤) is an element of K that is greater than or equal to every element of S.
Dually, a lower bound or minorant of S is defined to be an element of K that is less than or equal to every element of S. 
A set with an upper (respectively, lower) bound is said to be bounded from above or majorized (respectively bounded from below or minorized) by that bound. 
The terms bounded above (bounded below) are also used in the mathematical literature for sets that have upper (respectively lower) bounds.
Gange
"Gange" (Italian for Ganges) is a song performed by Italian singer Francesca Michielin and featuring Italian rapper Shiva. The song was released on 21 February 2020 by RCA Records as the second single from her fourth studio album Feat (stato di natura), and co-written and produced by Adam11.

The song peaked at number 61 on the Italian Singles Chart.

Shiva (rapper)
Shiva, stage name of Andrea Arrigoni (born 27 August 1999) is an Italian rapper.

He debuted with the studio album Tempo anima in January 2017. In 2020 his single "Auto blu" featuring Eiffel 65 peaked number 1 of FIMI's single chart for three weeks.
Heritance Tea Factory
Heritance Tea Factory, formerly known as The Tea Factory Hotel, is a luxury four-star hotel in Kandapola, Sri Lanka. The hotel is situated in Nuwara Eliya District, 14 kilometres (8.7 miles) from Nuwara Eliya, the district capital. Hethersett Hotels Ltd, a subsidiary of Aitken Spence Hotel Holdings, is the proprietor of the hotel. The hotel is part of Aitken Spence's Heritance Hotels and Resorts chain brand. The hotel is the brainchild of G. C. Wickremasinghe, a director of Aitken Spence. After seeing the neglected tea factory of the Hethersett Tea Estate on a visit in 1992, Wickremasinghe had the idea of converting the facility into a hotel. Nihal Bodhinayake is the architect who oversaw the transformation of the hotel. The hotel began its operations in 1996 as The Tea Factory Hotel. The hotel won the merit award at the 2001 UNESCO Asia Pacific Heritage Awards. The hotel is relaunched as Heritance Tea Factory at the end of 2009.

Nuwara Eliya District
Nuwara Eliya District (Tamil: நுவரெலியா மாவட்டம், romanized: Nuvareliyā Māvaṭṭam; Sinhala: නුවරඑළිය දිස්ත්‍රික්කය, romanized: Nuvaraeḷiya Distrikkaya) is a district in Central Province, Sri Lanka, centered on the tourist city of Nuwara Eliya.
Sherbourne station
Sherbourne is a subway station on the Bloor–Danforth line in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The station, which opened in 1966, is located west of Sherbourne Street on the south side of Bloor Street East. The station primarily serves the  St. James Town neighbourhood and the southern portion of Rosedale. In December 2021, this station became an accessible subway station after undergoing renovations that began in August 2019.

Bloor Street
Bloor Street is an east–west arterial street in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Bloor Street runs from the Prince Edward Viaduct, which spans the Don River Valley, westward into Mississauga where it ends at Central Parkway. East of the viaduct, Danforth Avenue continues along the same right-of-way. The street, approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) long, contains a significant cross-sample of Toronto's ethnic communities. It is also home to Toronto's famous shopping street, the Mink Mile.

A portion of Line 2 of the Bloor-Danforth subway line runs along Bloor from Kipling Avenue to the Don Valley Parkway, and then continues east along Danforth Avenue.
Great White Death (album)
Great White Death is the ninth studio album by power electronics band Whitehouse, released in February 1985. It was the last Whitehouse record to be released through Come Organization, a label which dissolved after the band went on hiatus after the record's release. The album was reissued on CD format in 1991 through the band's new label, Susan Lawly. A special edition was issued in 1997 which came with a bonus track, an extended version of the song "My Cock Is On Fire". In 2010, a vinyl reissue of the album was released through Very Friendly.

Power electronics (music genre)
Power electronics (also known as heavy electronics) is a subgenre of noise and industrial music, characterized by static, screeching waves of feedback, analogue synthesizers, sub-bass pulses and high frequency squealing sounds.
Kolve
Kolve is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ivar Kolve (born 1967), Norwegian jazz musician, brother of Kåre

Kåre Kolve (born 1964), Norwegian saxophonist

Verdel Kolve (born 1934), American English professor

Ivar Kolve
Ivar Kolve (born 31 March 1967) is a Norwegian jazz musician (xylophone, vibraphone, marimba and percussion), the younger brother of the saxophonist Kåre Kolve, and known from several album releases as soloartist and for collaborations with Maria Joao, Jan Gunnar Hoff, Ståle Storløkken, Mathias Eick, Eivind Aarset and Bjørn Kjellemyr among others.
Jones Road Fire
The Jones Road Fire was a major wildfire that broke out on April 22, 2025, in Barnegat Township, in Ocean County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, rapidly spreading eastward towards Waretown and Lacey Township. The fire began in the Greenwood Forest Wildlife Management Area, leading to large-scale evacuations, infrastructure disruptions, and significant environmental impact.

Barnegat Township, New Jersey
Barnegat Township (pronounced "BAR-nuh-git") is a township in Ocean County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 24,296, the highest ever count at a decennial census and an increase of 3,360 (+16.0%) from the 2010 census count of 20,936, which in turn reflected an increase of 5,666 (+37.1%) from the 15,270 counted in the 2000 census.

What is now Barnegat Township was originally incorporated as Union Township on March 10, 1846, from portions of both Dover Township (now Toms River Township) and Stafford Township, while the area was still part of Monmouth County. It became part of the newly formed Ocean County on February 15, 1850. Portions of the township were taken to form Lacey Township (March 23, 1871), Ocean Township (April 13, 1876), Harvey Cedars (December 13, 1894) and Long Beach Township (March 23, 1899). Union Township changed its name to Barnegat Township as of January 1, 1977.
The Prone Gunman
The Prone Gunman (French: La Position du tireur couché) is a thriller novel written by Jean-Patrick Manchette, published in 1981 in the Série noire collection of éditions Gallimard. It was translated into English by James Brook, and first published by City Lights in 2002.

In 2010, illustrator Jacques Tardi produced an illustrated adaptation of the book. The novel also inspired the name for a musical group from Clermont-Ferrand.

Éditions Gallimard
Éditions Gallimard (French: [edisjɔ̃ ɡalimaːʁ]), formerly Éditions de la Nouvelle Revue Française (1911–1919) and Librairie Gallimard (1919–1961), is one of the leading French book publishers. In 2003, it and its subsidiaries published 1,418 titles.

Founded by Gaston Gallimard in 1911, the publisher is now majority-owned by his grandson Antoine Gallimard.

Éditions Gallimard is a subsidiary of Groupe Madrigall, the third largest French publishing group.
Panagia Kanala
The Panagia Kanala (Greek: Παναγιά Κανάλα) is a Greek Orthodox church-sanctuary that contains the religious icon of the Virgin Mary, called Panagia Kanala, located in Kanala, on the island of Kythnos, in the South Aegean region of Greece.

Church of Greece
The Church of Greece (Greek: Ἐκκλησία τῆς Ἑλλάδος, romanized: Ekklēsía tē̂s Helládos, IPA: [ekliˈsi.a tis eˈlaðos]), part of the wider Greek Orthodox Church, is one of the autocephalous churches which make up the communion of Eastern Orthodox Christianity. Its canonical territory is confined to the borders of Greece prior to the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913 ("Old Greece"), with the rest of Greece (the "New Lands", Crete, and the Dodecanese) being subject to the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. However, most of the dioceses of the Metropolises of the New Lands are de facto administered as part of the Church of Greece for practical reasons, under an agreement between the churches of Athens and Constantinople. The primate of the Church of Greece is the archbishop of Athens and All Greece.
2008 United Nations Security Council election
The 2008 United Nations Security Council election was held on 17 October 2008 during the 63rd session of the United Nations General Assembly at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The elections were held for five non-permanent seats on the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 2009.

In accordance with the Security Council's rotation rules, the ten non-permanent Security Council seats rotate among the regional blocs into which UN member states traditionally divide themselves for voting and representation purposes.  All five contests were won on the first ballot.  The five available seats were allocated as follows:

One for the African Group, held by South Africa

One for the Asian Group, held by Indonesia

One for the Latin American and Caribbean Group, held by Panama

Two for the Western European and Others Group, held by Belgium and Italy

The newly elected five member states served on the Security Council for the 2009–10 period.

African Group
The Group of African States, or African Group, is one of the five United Nations regional groups and is composed of 54 Member States from the African continent. The African Group is the largest regional group, and compose 28% of all United Nations members.

The Group, as with all the regional groups, is a non-binding dialogue group where subjects concerning regional and international matters are discussed. Additionally, the Group works to help allocates seats on United Nations bodies by nominating candidates from the region.
John Basson Humffray
John Basson Humffray (17 April 1824 – 18 March 1891) was a leading advocate in the movement of miner reform process in the British colony of Victoria, and a member of parliament.

Humffray was born in Newtown, Montgomeryshire, Wales. He was articled to a solicitor, and became active in the Chartist movement, but abandoned his legal studies and migrated to Victoria, Australia in 1853.

Montgomeryshire
Montgomeryshire (Welsh: Sir Drefaldwyn 'the shire of Baldwin's town', or simply Maldwyn) was one of the thirteen counties of Wales that existed from 1536 until their abolition in 1974, later becoming a district of Powys from 1974 to 1996. It was named after its county town, Montgomery, which in turn was named after one of William the Conqueror's main counsellors, Roger de Montgomerie, who was the 1st Earl of Shrewsbury.

The area of what was Montgomeryshire, now constitutes the northern part of the county of Powys. The current area was 2,174 square km (839 square miles).

The largest town was Newtown, followed by Welshpool and Llanidloes.
Arvo Viitanen
Arvo Albert Viitanen (12 April 1924 – 28 April 1999) was a Finnish cross-country skier who competed in the 1950s. He won a silver medal in the 4 × 10 km relay at the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo. He was born in Uurainen, Central Finland and died in Myllykoski.

Viitanen also won five medals in the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships with a gold in the 4 × 10 km relay (1954), a silver in the 15 km (1954), and bronzes in the 50 km (1954, 1958) and the 4 × 10 km relay (1958).

He also won the 50 km event at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 1956.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships is a biennial Nordic skiing event organized by the International Ski Federation (FIS). The World Championships was started in 1924 for men and opened for women's participation in 1954. World Championship events include Nordic skiing's three disciplines: cross-country skiing, ski jumping, and Nordic combined (the latter being a combination sport consisting of both cross-country and ski jumping). The Winter Olympics from 1924 to 1980 were also the Nordic World Ski Championships. This meant that the Olympic champions were also World champions and received an additional medal from the International Ski Federation (FIS). Since 1985, the World Championships have been held in odd-numbered years.
Niclas Lucenius
Niclas Lucenius (born May 3, 1989) is a Finnish professional ice hockey center. He is currently playing with Vaasan Sport of the Finnish Liiga. Lucenius was selected by the Atlanta Thrashers in the 4th round (115th overall) of the 2007 NHL Entry Draft.

Lucenius played for Tappara in SM-liiga from 2007 to 2011. He later reached agreement with Dinamo Riga played in Kontinental Hockey League in the 2011–12 season.

After parts of two seasons abroad, Lucenius returned to Finland during the 2016-17 season, joining LeKi of the Mestis.

Lempäälän Kisa
Lempäälän Kisa (LeKi) is an ice hockey team from Lempäälä, Finland. They currently compete in the Suomi-sarja. Their home rink is Masku Areena, which currently has a seating capacity of only 900 people.
Aulacomnium acuminatum
Aulacomnium acuminatum, commonly called sharp-leaved bog moss or acute-tipped aulacomnium moss, is a species of moss in the family Aulacomniaceae. It is found in Arctic regions of Canada and Alaska in the United States. It grows in calcareous soil in open tundra habitats.

Tundra
In physical geography, a tundra (/ˈtʌndrə, ˈtʊn-/) is a type of biome where tree growth is hindered by frigid temperatures and short growing seasons. There are three regions and associated types of tundra: Arctic, Alpine, and Antarctic.

Tundra vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges, grasses, mosses, and lichens. Scattered trees grow in some tundra regions. The ecotone (or ecological boundary region) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline. The tundra soil is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus. The soil also contains large amounts of biomass and decomposed biomass that has been stored as methane and carbon dioxide in the permafrost, making the tundra soil a carbon sink. As global warming heats the ecosystem and causes soil thawing, the permafrost carbon cycle accelerates and releases much of these soil-contained greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, creating a feedback cycle that contributes to climate change.
Sayalgudi
Sayalgudi is a town panchayat in Ramanathapuram district of Tamil Nadu State in India. It is located west of the district along the East Coast Highway towards Kanyakumari. The state highway SH200 passes through the town connecting districts of Thoothukudi and Tirunelveli. It surrounded by many small villages and acts as marketplace for people.

Nagar panchayat
A nagar panchayat (transl. 'town council') or town panchayat or Notified Area Council (NAC) in India is a settlement in transition from rural to urban and therefore a form of an urban political unit comparable to a municipality. An urban centre with more than 12,000 and less than 40,000 inhabitants is classified as a nagar panchayat. The population requirement for a town panchayat can vary from state to state.

Such councils are formed under the panchayati raj administrative system. In census data, the abbreviation T.P. is used to indicate a "town panchayat". Tamil Nadu was the first state to introduce the panchayat town as an intermediate step between rural villages and urban local bodies (ULB). The structure and the functions of the nagar panchayat are decided by the state government.
Starý Smokovec railway station
Starý Smokovec railway station (Slovak: Železničná stanica Starý Smokovec) is a junction station in the High Tatras. It serves the ski, tourist and health resort of Starý Smokovec, in the Prešov Region, northeastern Slovakia.

Opened in 1908, the station is the focal point of the metre gauge Tatra Electric Railway (TEŽ). It forms the junction between the TEŽ's Poprad-Tatry–Štrbské Pleso main line and its only other line, the Starý Smokovec–Tatranská Lomnica branch.

The station is currently owned by Železnice Slovenskej republiky (ŽSR); train services are operated by Železničná spoločnosť Slovensko (ZSSK).

Železničná spoločnosť Slovensko
Železničná spoločnosť Slovensko, a.s. (ZSSK) ((lit. 'The Railway Company Slovakia')) is a Slovak state-owned passenger train company based in Bratislava.

In 2002 a company Železničná spoločnosť was established as a successor of personal and cargo transport part of the Železnice Slovenskej republiky. In 2005 this new company was further split into "Železničná spoločnosť Slovensko, a. s." providing Passenger transport services and "Železničná spoločnosť Cargo Slovakia, a. s." (ZSSK CARGO or ZSCS) providing cargo services.

The fleet of the Železničná spoločnosť Slovensko was partially modernised with the introduction of 8 3-car units and 2 4-car dual-voltage units of the new Škoda 7Ev EMUs.  The contract included the option for additional 5 3-car units and 10 4-car units. The company ordered in August 2021 from Škoda Transportation another nine trains for Košice region. There is also a purchase option for 11 additional trains. Further new EMUs entered service in 2023.