hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Niculae-Cornel Crăciun
Niculae-Cornel Crăciun (born 29 July 1925) is a Romanian Nordic skier who competed in the 1950s. At the 1952 Winter Olympics, he finished 19th in the Nordic combined event and 68th in the 18 km cross-country skiing event. At the 1948 Winter Olympics he participated in the demonstration sport military patrol and finished seventh as a member of the Romanian team.

Born in Crucea de Sus, Suceava County, he is the brother of fellow Olympian Moise Crăciun.

Suceava County
Suceava County (Romanian pronunciation: [suˈtʃe̯ava]) is a county (Romanian: județ) of Romania. Most of its territory lies in the southern part of the historical region of Bukovina, while the remainder forms part of Western Moldavia proper. The county seat and the most populous urban settlement of the county is Suceava.
Postage stamps and postal history of Malawi
This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Malawi.

Malawi is a landlocked country in southeast Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the northwest, Tanzania to the northeast, and Mozambique on the east, south and west. The country is separated from Tanzania and Mozambique by Lake Malawi. Its size is over 118,000 km2 (45,560 sq mi) with an estimated population of more than 13,900,000. Its capital is Lilongwe.

Postal history
Postal history is the study of postal systems and how they operate and, or, the study of the use of postage stamps and covers and associated postal artifacts illustrating historical episodes in the development of postal systems. The term is attributed to Robson Lowe, a professional philatelist, stamp dealer and stamp auctioneer, who made the first organised study of the subject in the 1930s and described philatelists as "students of science", but postal historians as "students of humanity".  More precisely, philatelists describe postal history as the study of rates, routes, markings, and means (of transport).
Louise McCarthy
Louise Noreen McCarthy (born 18 October 1993) is an Irish cricketer who plays as a right-arm medium bowler. She made her international debut for Ireland in 2010 at the age of 16, and went on to play 28 One Day Internationals and 28 Twenty20 Internationals between 2010 and 2017. In June 2020, she was added to Ireland's training squad following a three-year absence. In July 2020, she was awarded a non-retainer contract by Cricket Ireland for the following year. She has played domestic cricket for all three of the Women's Super Series teams, as well as spending the 2019 season with Durham. She is the sister of Barry McCarthy, who played for Durham and Ireland.

Cricket Ireland
Cricket Ireland (formerly the Irish Cricket Union) is the national governing body for cricket on the island of Ireland (both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland), and oversees the national men's and women's cricket teams. It also organises the men's Inter-Provincial Series (which includes the Inter-Provincial Championship, Inter-Provincial Cup and Inter-Provincial Trophy), the women's Super Series, and three All-Ireland club competitions: Irish Senior Cup, National Cup and the All-Ireland T20 Cup. It achieved Test status for women in 2000, and for men in 2017 when it was made a Full Member of the ICC in June 2017.
Tal-y-llyn, Anglesey
Tal-y-llyn is the name of a former township on the island of Anglesey, north-west Wales. It was located about 4.25 kilometres (3 mi) to the northeast of Aberffraw. In 1306, when a survey was carried out of the lands held by the Bishop of Bangor, Tal-y-llyn was recorded as having three free tenants, who together had about 60 acres (24 ha), and nineteen unfree tenants, who held about 90 acres (36 ha) between them.  This would suggest a total population for the community of 110 individuals. However, the population declined in the fourteenth century, the period of the Black Death. St Mary, Tal-y-llyn, the chapel of ease that used to serve the community, remains.  The oldest parts of the church date from the twelfth century.  St Mary's, which is a Grade I listed building – the highest grade of listing, designating buildings of "exceptional, usually national, interest" – has been in the care of the Friends of Friendless Churches since 1999.

Bishop of Bangor
The Bishop of Bangor is the ordinary of the Diocese of Bangor of the Church in Wales. The see is based in the city of Bangor where the bishop's seat (cathedra) is at Cathedral Church of Saint Deiniol.

The Report of the Commissioners appointed by his Majesty to inquire into the Ecclesiastical Revenues of England and Wales (1835) found the see had an annual net income of £4,464. This made it the second wealthiest diocese in Wales, after St Asaph.

The incumbent is Andy John, who was consecrated on 29 November 2008 and enthroned on 24 January 2009. The bishop's residence is Ty'r Esgob ("Bishop's House") in Bangor.
Calibration
In measurement technology and metrology, calibration is the comparison of measurement values delivered by a device under test with those of a calibration standard of known accuracy. Such a standard could be another measurement device of known accuracy, a device generating the quantity to be measured such as a voltage, a sound tone, or a physical artifact, such as a meter ruler.

The outcome of the comparison can result in one of the following:

no significant error being noted on the device under test

a significant error being noted but no adjustment made

an adjustment made to correct the error to an acceptable level

Strictly speaking, the term "calibration" means just the act of comparison and does not include any subsequent adjustment.

The calibration standard is normally traceable to a national or international standard held by a metrology body.

Thermometer
A thermometer is a device that measures temperature (the hotness or coldness of an object) or temperature gradient (the rates of change of temperature in space). A thermometer has two important elements: (1) a temperature sensor (e.g. the bulb of a mercury-in-glass thermometer or the pyrometric sensor in an infrared thermometer) in which some change occurs with a change in temperature; and (2) some means of converting this change into a numerical value (e.g. the visible scale that is marked on a mercury-in-glass thermometer or the digital readout on an infrared model). Thermometers are widely used in technology and industry to monitor processes, in meteorology, in medicine (medical thermometer), and in scientific research.
Wachuqucha (Apurímac)
Wachuqucha (Quechua wachu furrow slice, ridge turned up by the plough between two furrows / row, qucha lake, hispanicized spellings Huachoccocha) is a lake in Peru. It is situated in the Apurímac Region, Andahuaylas Province, San Jerónimo District. Wachuqucha lies northeast of the lakes Suytuqucha and Quriqucha, and south of the lake Antaqucha.

Department of Apurímac
Apurímac (Spanish pronunciation: [apuˈɾimak])  is a department of Peru. Located in the southern-central part of the country, it is bordered on the east by Cuzco, on the west by Ayacucho, and on the south by the Arequipa and Ayacucho. It is administered by a regional government and its capital city is Abancay.
Post-irony
Post-irony is a term used to denote a state in which earnest and ironic intents become muddled, or alternatively to describe a return from irony to earnestness, similar to new sincerity.

In literature, David Foster Wallace is often described as the founder of a "postironic" literature. His essays "E Unibus Pluram" and "Fictional Futures and the Conspicuously Young" describe and hope for a literature that goes beyond postmodern irony. Other authors often described as postironic are Dave Eggers, Tao Lin, and Alex Shakar.

Alex Shakar
Alexander Michael Shakar (born April 25, 1968) is an American novelist, short story writer, and academic. His novel Luminarium (Soho Press, 2011) received the Los Angeles Times Book Prize in Fiction. His first novel, The Savage Girl, was chosen as a "Notable Book" by The New York Times, was a IndieBound pick, and has been translated into six languages.
Buddy (2013 film)
Buddy is a 2013 Indian Malayalam-language drama film written and directed by Raaj Prabavthy Menon. The film was produced by Augustin Jackson and features an ensemble cast of Anoop Menon, Balachandra Menon, Babu Antony, Mithun Murali, Lal, Srikanth, Bhumika Chawla, and Asha Sharath. Balachandra Menon made a comeback after a long time through this film. The film is inspired by The Kids Are All Right (2010).

The Kids Are All Right (film)
The Kids Are All Right is a 2010 American comedy drama film directed by Lisa Cholodenko and written by Cholodenko and Stuart Blumberg. It is among the first mainstream movies to show a same-sex couple raising two teenagers.  A hit at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival, it opened in limited release on July 9, 2010, expanded to more theaters on July 30, 2010, and was released on DVD and Blu-ray on November 16, 2010.

The film won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy and Annette Bening was awarded the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Musical or Comedy. The film also received 4 Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, at the 83rd Academy Awards.
Jama (woreda)
Jama (Amharic: ጃማ) is one of the woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Debub Wollo Zone, Jama is bordered on the southeast by the Qechene River which separates it from the Semien Shewa Zone, on the west by Kelala, on the north by Legahida, and on the northeast by Were Ilu. Towns in Jama include Dagolo, Faj, and Shul Afaf.

South Wollo Zone
South Wollo (Amharic: ደቡብ ወሎ) is a zone in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. It acquired its name from the former province of Wollo. South Wollo is bordered on the south by North Shewa and the Oromia Special Zone (Amhara), on the west by East Gojjam, on the northwest by South Gondar, on the north by North Wollo, on the northeast by Afar Region, and on the east by the Oromia Special Zone and the Argobba special woreda. Its highest point is Mount Tabor in Amhara Sayint, 4247 meter above sea level. Cities in South Wollo include Kombolcha, Hayq, Dessie, Wuchale, Wogel Tena and Wurgessa.

On 24 August 2009 Zonal authorities announced that approximately 540 safe water units were constructed during the past Ethiopian budget year at a cost of over 23 million birr, while another 878 units were repaired. This has improved the access to safe water from 51% to 61% of the Zone's inhabitants.
Huangcun station
Huangcun station (Chinese: 黄村站; Cantonese Yale: Wòhngchyūn Jaahm), formerly Olympic Sports Center station (奥林匹克中心站; Oulàhmpāthāk Jūngsām Jaahm) when planning, is an interchange station between Line 4 and Line 21 of the Guangzhou Metro, and also the northern terminus of Line 4. It is located at the underground outside Guangdong Olympic Stadium in Huangcun Subdistrict (黄村街道), Tianhe District. It started operation on 25 September 2010. Line 4 linking the Asian Games New Town outside Haibang Station with Guangdong Olympic Stadium plays a major role in carrying passengers during the Guangzhou Asian Games. The station became a transfer station with Line 21 on 20 December 2019. It is located near the Tianhe East railway station.

Haibang station
Haibang Station (Chinese: 海傍站; Cantonese Yale: Hóibohng Jaahm) is an interchange station between Line 3 and Line 4 of the Guangzhou Metro, and also the southeastern terminus of Line 3. The Line 4 station started operations on 30 December 2006 and is located at the junction of Changnan Road. and the Jingzhu Expressway in Shiqi Town (石碁镇), Panyu District. The Line 3 station started operations on 1 November 2024.
Stefan Kuryłowicz
Stefan Kuryłowicz (26 March 1949 – June 6, 2011) was a Polish architect and professor who is widely credited with transforming the architecture and skyline of Warsaw, Poland, in the twenty years following the collapse of Communism in 1989. Media reports have called Kuryłowicz "one of the most influential Polish architects." He and the late architect Jacek Syropolski created the architecture company, Kurylowicz & Associates.

Skyline
A skyline is the outline or shape viewed near the horizon. It can be created by a city's overall structure, or by human intervention in a rural setting, or in nature that is formed where the sky meets buildings or the land.

City skylines serve as a pseudo-fingerprint as no two skylines are alike. For this reason, news and sports programs, television shows, and movies often display the skyline of a city to set a location. The term The Sky Line of New York City was introduced in 1896, when it was the title of a color lithograph by Charles Graham for the color supplement of the New York Journal. Paul D. Spreiregen, FAIA, has called a [city] skyline "a physical representation [of a city's] facts of life ... a potential work of art ... its collective vista."
Sigrid Augusta Green
Sigrid Augusta Green (3 December 1920 – 12 October 2012) gathered intelligence in preparation for the sabotage of the Telemark plant during the Second World War. She worked for the Norwegian Resistance and then as a code breaker at Bletchley Park.

Bletchley Park
Bletchley Park is an English country house and estate in Bletchley, Milton Keynes (Buckinghamshire), that became the principal centre of Allied code-breaking during the Second World War. During World War II, the estate housed the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS), which regularly penetrated the secret communications of the Axis powers –  most importantly the German Enigma and Lorenz ciphers. The GC&CS team of codebreakers included John Tiltman, Dilwyn Knox, Alan Turing, Harry Golombek, Gordon Welchman, Hugh Alexander, Donald Michie, Bill Tutte and Stuart Milner-Barry.

The team at Bletchley Park, 75% women, devised automatic machinery to help with decryption, culminating in the development of Colossus, the world's first programmable digital electronic computer. Codebreaking operations at Bletchley Park ended in 1946 and all information about the wartime operations was classified until the mid-1970s. After the war it had various uses and now houses the Bletchley Park museum.
Ya Kun Kaya Toast
1°18′N 103°48′E﻿ / ﻿1.3°N 103.8°E﻿ / 1.3; 103.8

Ya Kun Kaya Toast (YAH-koon; simplified Chinese: 亚坤加椰面包; traditional Chinese: 亞坤加椰麵包; pinyin: Yà Kūn Jiā Yē Miànbāo), often colloquially known just as Ya Kun (simplified Chinese: 亚坤; traditional Chinese: 亞坤; pinyin: Yà Kūn), is a Singaporean chain of mass-market, retro-ambience cafés selling toast products (notably kaya toast), soft-boiled eggs and coffee. Founded by Loi Ah Koon in 1944, Ya Kun remained a small family-run stall for decades, but has expanded rapidly since Loi's youngest son headed the business in 1999. The chain has over fifty outlets, mostly franchised, across 14 countries, and is a Singaporean cultural icon, known for its traditional brand identity and conservative, people-centric corporate culture.

Culture of Singapore
The culture of Singapore has changed greatly over the millennia. Its contemporary modern culture consists of a combination of Asian (Malay / Tamil / Chinese) and European cultures. Singapore has been dubbed as a country where "East meets West", "Gateway to Asia" and a "Garden city".
Ronnie Washington
Ronald Carroll Washington (born July 29, 1963) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Louisiana–Monroe Warhawks and was selected by the Atlanta Falcons in the eighth round of the 1985 NFL draft. He played for the Falcons in 1985, Los Angeles Raiders in 1987 and Indianapolis Colts in 1989.

Louisiana–Monroe Warhawks football
The Louisiana–Monroe Warhawks football (also known as ULM Warhawks, formerly competing as the Northeast Louisiana Indians) program is a college football team that represents the University of Louisiana at Monroe (ULM).

With a history dating back to 1931, ULM competes in the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), as a member of the Sun Belt Conference, and play their home games on campus at Malone Stadium in Monroe, Louisiana. Formerly known as the Indians, the Warhawks nickname was adopted in 2006.

They moved up to Division I-A (now FBS) in 1994. The Warhawks played in their first and only FBS bowl game in 2012, in the Independence Bowl in Shreveport, losing 45–14 to the Ohio Bobcats. Their thirteen-year drought is currently the longest among all NCAA Division I FBS teams.
Eryn Green
Eryn Green is an American poet who in 2013, while a graduate student at the University of Denver, won the Yale Series of Younger Poets Competition. His collection Eruv was published by Yale University Press in 2014. His second collection of poetry, Beit, was awarded the 2019 Editor’s Choice from New Issues, and will be published in 2020.

Yale Series of Younger Poets
The Yale Series of Younger Poets is an annual event of Yale University Press aiming to publish the debut collection of a promising American poet. Established in 1918, the Younger Poets Prize is the longest-running annual literary award in the United States.

Each year, the Younger Poets Competition accepts submissions from American poets who have not previously published a book of poetry. Once the judge has chosen a winner, the Press publishes a book-length manuscript of the winner's poetry as the next volume in the series. All poems must be original, and only one manuscript may be entered at a time.
Religion in Iraq
Religion in Iraq dates back to Ancient Mesopotamia, particularly Sumer, Akkad, Assyria, and Babylonia between c. 3500 BC and 400 AD. Iraq consists of a multi-ethnic and multi-religious population, all living together in one geographical area. The Iraqi civilization was built by peoples and nations, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Assyrians, Persians, Arabs, and Babylonians. Religious and cultural circumstances have helped Arabs to become the majority of Iraq’s population today, followed by Kurds, Turkmen, and other nationalities.

A national census has not been held since 1987. In the 2020s, the country is overwhelmingly Muslim, who are split into two distinct sects, Shia and Sunni.  Approximately 95% to 98% of the population are Muslims, with Shia Muslims constituting around 55%, and Sunnis around 40%. The remainder follow Christianity, Yazidism, Mandaeism and Yarsanism.

History of Mesopotamia
The Civilization of Mesopotamia ranges from the earliest human occupation in the Paleolithic period up to Late antiquity. This history is pieced together from evidence retrieved from archaeological excavations and, after the introduction of writing in the late 4th millennium BC, an increasing amount of historical sources. Mesopotamia has been home to many of the oldest major civilizations, entering history from the Early Bronze Age, for which reason it is often called a cradle of civilization.
Robert Buigues
Robert Buigues (born 9 May 1950) is a French former professional football player and manager.

Whilst playing for Marseille, Buigues started in the 1976 French Cup final and collected a winner's medal when Marseille defeated Lyon 2–0.

Buigues' long career both as a player and a manager was mostly spent in France, although he did have a short spell as manager of Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 3 side Medenine in 1998. He retired from management in 2006 after leaving FC Sète.

1976 Coupe de France final
The 1976 Coupe de France final was a football match held at Parc des Princes, Paris on 12 June 1976. Olympique de Marseille defeated Olympique Lyonnais 2–0 thanks to goals by Raoul Noguès and Saar Boubacar.
Wonder Drug (book)
Wonder Drug: The Secret History of Thalidomide in America and Its Hidden Victims is a nonfiction book authored by Jennifer Vanderbes and published by Random House in 2023. It tells the story of how Frances Oldham Kelsey of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) found flaws in thalidomide research. Contrary to the initial opinion that the FDA declined the drug a license for morning sickness in pregnancy and the US was therefore spared the thalidomide scandal, Vanderbes claims that the drug was still widely distributed there in the late 1950s and 1960s. As a result, many more babies were affected by phocomelia than originally believed.

Phocomelia
Phocomelia is a congenital disorder that involves malformations of human arms and legs which result in a flipper-like appendage.  A prominent cause of phocomelia is the mother being prescribed the use of the drug thalidomide during pregnancy; however, the causes of most cases are to be determined.

Occurrence in an individual results in various abnormalities to the face, limbs, ears, nose, vessels and many other underdevelopments. Although operations may improve some abnormalities, many are not surgically treatable due to the lack of nerves and other related structures.

The term is from Ancient Greek φώκη phōkē, "seal (animal)" + -o- interfix + μέλος melos, "limb" + ια -ia suffix). Phocomelia is an extremely rare congenital disorder involving malformation of the limbs (dysmelia). Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire coined the term in 1836.
Chen Shi-chang
Chen Shi-chang (Chinese: 陳錫章; pinyin: Chén Xīzhāng; 6 May 1934 – 25 December 2014) was a Taiwanese politician.

Chen served on the Huwei Township Council before he was elected to the Yunlin County Council. From 1977 to 1987, he was a member of the Taiwan Provincial Consultative Council, when he was named to the Control Yuan. Chen then served as a member of the Legislative Yuan between 1993 and 1996. He was elected to the fourth National Assembly in 2005.

Chen was diagnosed with esophageal cancer in 2013, but refused treatment. He died of multiple organ failure at home, aged 80, on 25 December 2014.

Taiwan Provincial Consultative Council
24°03′16″N 120°41′48″E﻿ / ﻿24.054416045198°N 120.696749312406°E﻿ / 24.054416045198; 120.696749312406

The Taiwan Provincial Consultative Council (TPCC) was the council of the streamlined Taiwan Province of the Republic of China. In July 2018, all duties of the Taiwan Provincial Government and TPCC were transferred to the National Development Council and other ministries of the Executive Yuan.
Igor Blaževič
Igor Blaževič (born 1963 in Trebinje, Herzegovina region of SFR Yugoslavia) is a European human rights campaigner of Bosnian origin living in the Czech Republic as the founder and longtime director of One World, the Europe's biggest human rights documentary International Film Festival and the director of the People in Need foundation. He is also the member of the steering committee of World Movement for Democracy. Currently he is a Programme Director at the Prague Civil Society Centre. Among other activities he is the director of the Educational Initiatives, training program for the Burma activists based in Thailand.

Boatswain
A boatswain (/ˈboʊsən/ BOH-sən, formerly and dialectally also /ˈboʊtsweɪn/ BOHT-swayn; also known as bo's'n, bos'n, or bosun, also known as a deck boss, or a qualified member of the deck department, or the third hand on a fishing vessel) is the most senior rate of the deck department and is responsible for the components of a ship's hull. The boatswain supervises the other members of the ship's deck department, and typically is not a watchstander, except on vessels with small crews. Additional duties vary depending upon ship, crew, and circumstances.