hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Smithton Low-Level Bridge
The Smithton Low-Level Bridge is a structure that carries Pennsylvania Route 981 across the Youghiogheny River between South Huntingdon Township and Rostraver Township, just north of Smithton, Pennsylvania.

The previous structure on this site was a cantilever bridge built in 1900 to connect Smithton, which was then thriving due to its brewery, with residences on the west bank of the river; a state court ruled in favor of petitioners who demanded the creation of a bridge, but ordered that they contribute $1,200 in construction costs. Until the completion of the Smithton High-Level Bridge in 1956 (which eventually became part of busy Interstate 70), this structure was one of the most important vehicular crossings of the river. In 1986, the original bridge was replaced by a modern girder bridge.

Cantilever bridge
A cantilever bridge is a bridge built using structures that project horizontally into space, supported on only one end (called cantilevers). For small footbridges, the cantilevers may be simple beams; however, large cantilever bridges designed to handle road or rail traffic use trusses built from structural steel, or box girders built from prestressed concrete.

The steel truss cantilever bridge was a major engineering breakthrough when first put into practice, as it can span distances of over 1,500 feet (450 m), and can be more easily constructed at difficult crossings by virtue of using little or no falsework.
Civil War History
Civil War History is an academic journal of the American Civil War. It was established in 1955 at the State University of Iowa and is published quarterly by Kent State University Press. Topics covered in this journal include slavery and abolition, antebellum and Reconstruction politics, diplomacy, social and cultural developments, and military history. Notable contributors include Stephen Ambrose, Charles B. Dew, Gary W. Gallagher, James M. McPherson, Mark E. Neely Jr., James I. Robertson Jr., and T. Harry Williams.

Charles B. Dew
Charles Burgess Dew (born 1937) is an American author and historian, specializing in the history of the Southern United States, American Civil War and the Reconstruction era, and holds the Ephraim Williams Professorship of American History at Williams College. His first of three published books was a New York Times Notable Book of the Year.
Rodger Head
Rodger Head (20 June 1939 – 8 July 2012) was an Australian rules footballer who played for St Kilda in the Victorian Football League during the 1960s. Head was a member of the St Kilda 1966 Premiership team.
Lived in Anglesea, a legend of the Surf Coast.

1966 VFL grand final
The 1966 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Collingwood Football Club and St Kilda Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 24 September 1966. It was the 69th annual grand final of the Victorian Football League (VFL), staged to determine the premiers for the 1966 VFL season. The match, attended by 101,655 spectators, was won by St Kilda by a margin of one point, marking that club's first and only premiership victory to date.
Konstantin Yeryomenko
Konstantin Viktorovich Yeryomenko, often transliterated as Eremenko (Russian: Константин Викторович Ерёменко; 5 August 1970 – 18 March 2010) was a Russian futsal player who was named the greatest futsal player of the 20th century.

Russian Futsal Super League
The Russian Futsal Superleague (Russian: Чемпионат России по мини-футболу (Суперлига), Superliga; complete official name BETCITY-Russian Futsal Championship among the club teams of Superleague, Russian: БЕТСИТИ-Чемпионат России по мини-футболу (футзалу) среди команд клубов Суперлиги) is the premier professional futsal league in Russia. It was founded in 1991. The Super League, which is played under UEFA rules, currently consists of 13 teams.
Lehigh High School
Lehigh High School can refer to more than one educational institution in the United States:

Lehigh Senior High School, in Lehigh Acres, Florida

Lehigh High School (Kansas), in Lehigh, Kansas, merged with Hillsboro High School (Kansas) in 1960s

Northern Lehigh High School, in Slatington, Pennsylvania

Lehigh Senior High School
Lehigh Senior High School is located in Lehigh Acres, Florida, a suburb of Fort Myers. It is one of the largest high schools in Lee County. The current principal is Darya Grote. It is part of the Lee County School District. Lehigh currently has the highest percent of incoming students in Lee County. It is commonly referred to as "The Center of the Arts", being that it is recognized as one by the local school district for its zone. In addition to Lehigh Senior's dedication to the arts, it also offers dual enrollment classes that allow students to earn college credits for free through Florida SouthWestern State College. It is also now recognized as of 2008 as a University of Cambridge International School and also offers programs called AVID and Advanced Placement. The school is now also considered an Avid National Demonstration School.
Aldolase C
Aldolase C, fructose-bisphosphate (ALDOC, or ALDC), is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the ALDOC gene on chromosome 17. This gene encodes a member of the class I fructose-bisphosphate aldolase gene family. Expressed specifically in the hippocampus and Purkinje cells of the brain, the encoded protein is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the reversible aldol cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and fructose-1-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and either glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate or glyceraldehyde, respectively.

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, known in older publications as Harden-Young ester, is fructose sugar phosphorylated on carbons 1 and 6 (i.e., is a fructosephosphate). The β-D-form of this compound is common in cells.  Upon entering the cell, most glucose and fructose is converted to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
Metropolitan Open
The Metropolitan Open is a golf tournament organized by the Metropolitan Golf Association. In the early 20th century it was one of the top events in the country and was retroactively given PGA Tour-level status.

U.S. Open (golf)
The United States Open Championship, commonly known as the U.S. Open, is the annual open national championship of golf in the United States. It is the third of the four men's major golf championships, and is on the official schedule of both the PGA Tour and the European Tour. Since 1898 the competition has been 72 holes of stroke play (4 rounds on an 18-hole course), with the winner being the player with the lowest total number of strokes. It is staged by the United States Golf Association (USGA) in mid-June, scheduled so that, if there are no weather delays, the final round is played on the third Sunday. The U.S. Open is staged at a variety of courses, set up in such a way that scoring is very difficult, with a premium placed on accurate driving. As of 2024, the U.S. Open awards a $21.5 million purse, the largest of all four major championships.
Grey plover
The grey plover or black-bellied plover (Pluvialis squatarola) is a large plover breeding in Arctic regions. It is a long-distance migrant, with a nearly worldwide coastal distribution when not breeding.

Old World
The "Old World" (Latin: Mundus vetus) is a term for Afro-Eurasia coined by Europeans after 1493, when they became aware of the existence of the Americas. It is used to contrast the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia in the Eastern Hemisphere, previously thought of by the Europeans as the entire world, with the "New World", a term for the newly encountered lands of the Western Hemisphere, particularly the Americas.
Colebrook Iron Master's House
Colebrook Iron Master's House, also known as the Colebrook Mansion and Colebrook Estate, is a historic home located at South Londonderry Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania. It was built between about 1791 and 1796, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, 3-bay wide by 2-bay brownstone residence in a vernacular Georgian style.  Also on the property are a contributing spring house, kitchen house, stable, privy, carriage shed, spring trough, and an 18th-century iron fence.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.

Brownstone
Brownstone is a brown Triassic–Jurassic sandstone that was historically a popular building material. The term is also used in the United States and Canada to refer to a townhouse clad in this or any other aesthetically similar material.

Brownstone was a popular building material because it is unusually easy to quarry and carve; these qualities also make structures clad in it susceptible to weathering and damage over time.
Sainte-Marguerite-de-Carrouges
Sainte-Marguerite-de-Carrouges (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t maʁɡərit də kaʁuʒ] ⓘ, literally Sainte-Marguerite of Carrouges) is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France. As of 2021, the commune had a total population of 211 residents.

The commune is named for Marguerite de Carrouges (née de Thibouville; 1362, Château de Fontaine-la-Soret, Eure. Normandy – c. 1419), a French noblewoman and the wife of Sir Jean de Carrouges, Viscount of Bellême (c. 1330s, Carrouges, Normandy – 25 September 1396, Nicopolis, Ottoman Empire).

Fontaine-la-Soret
Fontaine-la-Soret (French pronunciation: [fɔ̃tɛn la sɔʁɛ]) is a former commune in the Eure department in the Normandy region in northern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Nassandres sur Risle.
Mini-Putt (video game)
Mini-Putt is a simulation of miniature golf developed by Artech Digital Entertainment and released by Accolade for the Commodore 64, MS-DOS, Family Computer (Famicom) and ZX Spectrum in 1987, and Apple IIGS in 1988. A version for the Nintendo Entertainment System based on the Famicom port was planned to be published by JVC Musical Industries in North America with a release in 1992, but it ultimately did not materialize.

Artech Digital Entertainment
Artech Digital Entertainment, Ltd. (stylized as ARTECH studios) was a video game developer formed in 1982 in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Also known as Artech Studios, the company developed games such as Raze's Hell, Monopoly, Jeopardy!, Wheel of Fortune, and a remake of Q*bert.

The company has developed games for the ColecoVision, Commodore 64, Amiga, Atari computers, Nabu Network, Genesis, PlayStation, PlayStation 2, Xbox, PC, and the Xbox 360. They have also developed a series of interactive games designed for standard DVD players.

Artech Studios closed its doors in December 2011.
Janel Jacobson
Janel Jacobson  (born 1950 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American artist known for ceramics and woodcarving. She started her career carving porcelain and has since changed her medium to wood, most often boxwood. Her work is in the Philadelphia Museum of Art the Racine Art Museum, the Smithsonian American Art Museum (SAAM), and the Yale University Art Gallery. Several of her works were acquired by the SAAM as part of the Renwick Gallery's 50th Anniversary Campaign.

Racine Art Museum
The Racine Art Museum (RAM) and RAM's Charles A. Wustum Museum of Fine Arts are located in Racine, Wisconsin, U.S. The museum holds the largest and most significant  contemporary craft collection in North America, with more than 9,500 objects from nationally and internationally recognized artists. The Racine Art Museum's mission is to exhibit, collect, preserve, and educate in the contemporary visual arts. Its goal is to elevate the stature of craft to fine arts by presenting contemporary crafts alongside paintings and sculptures.
Francis Agbodeka
Francis Agbodeka FGA (31 December 1931 – 29 October 2005) was a Ghanaian academic and writer. He was a professor of history at the University of Cape Coast, and the first person to obtain a doctorate degree from the University of Ghana.

Usmanu Danfodiyo University
Usmanu DanfodiyoListenⓘ  University, Listenⓘ Sokoto (UDUS), also known as UDUSOK, is a public research university located in the city of Sokoto, in north-western Nigeria. It is one of the initial twelve universities founded in Nigeria by the federal government in 1975.

Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto motto is "Ikraa",  which means "Read". The degree is awarded based on character and learning.

The university is named after the famous Usman dan Fodio, the founder of the Sokoto Caliphate.
Antoinette Perry (lieutenant governor)
Antoinette Perry OPEI (born 1953 or 1954) is a Canadian former schoolteacher who served as the 29th lieutenant governor of Prince Edward Island from 2017 to 2024, acting as the province's viceregal representative of Queen Elizabeth II and then of King Charles III. She was appointed on September 14, 2017, by Governor General David Johnston on the constitutional advice of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, and was sworn in on October 20, 2017, succeeding H. Frank Lewis. Perry's swearing in ceremony took place in Tignish, Prince Edward Island, marking the first time a PEI lieutenant governor was sworn in outside of the province's capital, Charlottetown.

Perry is an Acadian who taught as a schoolteacher for 32 years after attaining a bachelor's degree in music education at the Université de Moncton in 1976, and has also served as the church organist at St. Simon & St. Jude Church in Tignish. Perry, who is single, was the first unmarried lieutenant governor of Prince Edward Island.

Charlottetown
Charlottetown is the capital and largest city of the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island, and the county seat of Queens County. Named after Queen Charlotte, Charlottetown was an unincorporated town until it was incorporated as a city in 1855.

It was the site of the famous Charlottetown Conference in 1864, the first gathering of Canadian and Maritime statesmen to discuss the proposed Maritime Union. This conference led, instead, to the union of British North American colonies in 1867, which was the beginning of the Canadian Confederation. Prince Edward Island, however, did not join Confederation until 1873. From this, the city adopted as its motto Cunabula Foederis, "Birthplace of Confederation".

The population of Charlottetown is estimated to be 40,500 (2022); this forms the centre of a census agglomeration of 83,063 (2021), which is roughly half of the province's population (160,302).
Assassin's Creed (soundtrack)
Assassin's Creed (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack to the 2016 film Assassin's Creed directed by Justin Kurzel, based on the video game franchise of the same name. The film featured musical score composed by singer-songwriter Jed Kurzel. The album was released through Verve Music on December 21, 2016.

Justin Kurzel
Justin Dallas Kurzel (/kɜːrˈzɛl/; born c. 1974) is an Australian film director. His films include Snowtown (2011), Macbeth (2015), Assassin's Creed (2016), True History of the Kelly Gang (2018), Nitram (2021) and The Order (2024).
Numerical range
In the mathematical field of linear algebra and convex analysis, the numerical range or field of values or Wertvorrat or Wertevorrat of a complex  matrix A is the set

where  denotes the conjugate transpose of the vector . The numerical range includes, in particular, the diagonal entries of the matrix (obtained by choosing x equal to the unit vectors along the coordinate axes) and the eigenvalues of the matrix (obtained by choosing x equal to the eigenvectors).

Equivalently, the elements of  are of the form  , where  is a Hermitian projection operator from   to a one-dimensional subspace.

In engineering, numerical ranges are used as a rough estimate of eigenvalues of A. Recently, generalizations of the numerical range are used to study quantum computing.

A related concept is the numerical radius, which is the largest absolute value of the numbers in the numerical range, i.e.

Square matrix
In mathematics, a square matrix is a matrix with the same number of rows and columns. An n-by-n matrix is known as a square matrix of order . Any two square matrices of the same order can be added and multiplied.

Square matrices are often used to represent simple linear transformations, such as shearing or rotation. For example, if  is a square matrix representing a rotation (rotation matrix) and  is a column vector describing the position of a point in space, the product  yields another column vector describing the position of that point after that rotation. If  is a row vector, the same transformation can be obtained using , where  is the transpose of .
A Swedish Tiger (film)
A Swedish Tiger (Swedish: En svensk tiger) is a 1948 Swedish war drama film directed by Gustaf Edgren and starring Edvin Adolphson, Erik Berglund and Margareta Fahlén. The film's sets were designed by the art director Nils Svenwall. Its title refers to the wartime propaganda campaign A Swedish Tiger encouraging inhabitants to avoid careless talk.

Gustaf Edgren
Gustaf Edgren (1 April 1895 – 10 June 1954) was a prominent Swedish film director, screenwriter, and producer who played a significant role in the development of Swedish cinema during the first half of the 20th century. His extensive filmography across multiple roles – totaling over 80 film credits – spans silent films to talkies and comedies to dramas.
Njan Kodiswaran
Njan Kodiswaran is a 1994 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by Jose Thomas. The film stars Jagadish, Innocent, Sudheesh, Baiju, Rajan P. Dev, Kuthiravattom Pappu, Oduvil Unnikrishnan, M. S. Thrippunnithra, Jose Pallissery, Vinodhini, Akshara, Nina Kurup, Kaviyoor Ponnamma, Zeenath, Aranmula Ponnamma, etc. The film has musical score by Ouseppachan.

Aranmula Ponnamma
Aranmula Ponnamma (8 April 1914 – 21 February 2011) was an Indian actress known for her roles as mother of the protagonist in numerous films in a career spanning over five decades. She is widely described as a mother figure in Malayalam cinema. In 2005, she was honoured with the J. C. Daniel Award, Kerala government's highest honour for contributions to Malayalam cinema.
Araden
Araden (Arabic: أرادن, Kurdish: ئه‌رادن, Syriac: ܐܪܕܢ) is a village in Dohuk Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. It is located in the Sapna valley in the Bamarni Sub-District of Amedi District.

In the village, there are Chaldean Catholic churches of Mart Shmune, Sultana Mahdokht, and Mar Awda. There is also a church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus.

Amedi District
Amedi (or Amadiya) District (Kurdish: قەزای ئامێدی, romanized: Qezaye Amêdî, Arabic: قضاء العمادية, romanized: qaḍāʾ al-Emadiyah) is a district of Duhok Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The administrative centre is Amedi.
Pandolfo Malatesta
Pandolfo Malatesta is the name of the following members of the Italian House of Malatesta:

Pandolfo I Malatesta (c. 1267–1326), Italian condottiero and Lord of Rimini from 1317

Pandolfo II Malatesta (1325–1373), Italian condottiero and son of Malatesta I Malatesta

Pandolfo III Malatesta (c. 1369-1427), Italian condottiero and lord of Fano; father of Sigismondo Pandolfo

Pandolphe de Malatesta (1390–1441), Italian archbishop

Pandolfo IV Malatesta (1475-1534), Italian condottiero

Pandolfo III Malatesta
Pandolfo III Malatesta (c. 1369 – October 3, 1427) was an Italian condottiero and lord of Fano, a member of the famous House of Malatesta. He was the father of the infamous Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta and Blessed Roberto Malatesta.
The Satyr and the Traveller
The Satyr and the Traveller (or Peasant) is one of Aesop's Fables and is numbered 35 in the Perry Index. The popular idiom 'to blow hot and cold' is associated with it and the fable is read as a warning against duplicity.

Gaspare Diziani
Gaspare Diziani (1689 – 17 August 1767) was an Italian painter of the late-Baroque or Roccoco period, active mainly in the Republic of Venice but also in Dresden and Munich. The artist's canvas is the largest painting of the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg.
James Roy Tucker
James Roy Tucker (25 December 1909 – 22 September 1987) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. Born in Burnt Point, Newfoundland, he was a manager and merchant by career.

He was first elected at the Trinity—Conception riding in the 1958 general election then was re-elected there in 1962, 1963 and 1965. With riding boundary changes, Tucker was a candidate at the Bonavista—Trinity—Conception riding in the 1968 federal election but was defeated by Frank Moores of the Progressive Conservative party.

Trinity—Conception
Trinity—Conception was a federal electoral district in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1949 to 1968. This riding was created in 1949 when Newfoundland joined the Canadian Confederation. It was abolished in 1966 when it was merged into Bonavista—Trinity—Conception riding.

It consisted of the Districts of Trinity North, Trinity South, Carbonear-Bay de Verde, Harbour Grace, and Port de Grave.
Wola Zaleska, Łódź Voivodeship
Wola Zaleska [ˈvɔla zaˈlɛska] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zadzim, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south-east of Zadzim, 16 km (10 mi) south-west of Poddębice, and 41 km (25 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Poddębice County
Poddębice County (Polish: powiat poddębicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Poddębice, which lies 37 kilometres (23 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Uniejów, lying 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Poddębice.

The county covers an area of 880.91 square kilometres (340.1 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 42,195, out of which the population of Poddębice is 7,875, that of Uniejów is 2,916, and the rural population is 31,404.
Kings–Sharks rivalry
The Kings–Sharks rivalry is an ice hockey rivalry between the National Hockey League (NHL)'s Los Angeles Kings and San Jose Sharks. The two teams have played in the same division ever since the Sharks began play in the 1991–92 season. They were in the Smythe Division from 1991 to 1993 and have been in the Pacific Division ever since. This rivalry stems from the fact that both teams are located in the state of California, as well as the other professional sports rivalries between Greater Los Angeles and the San Francisco Bay Area, namely Dodgers–Giants, 49ers–Rams, Lakers–Warriors, and Earthquakes–Galaxy. The rivalry reached a boiling point in the early-to-mid 2010s, with Los Angeles and San Jose meeting in the playoffs four times in a span of six years, as well as one of the two teams appearing in six of seven conference finals from 2010 to 2016.

Logan Couture
Logan Couture (born March 28, 1989) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He played as a centre and spent his entire National Hockey League (NHL) career with the San Jose Sharks, who selected him ninth overall in the 2007 NHL entry draft. Couture was forced to retire in 2025 after not playing since January 2024 due to injury. Despite retirement, he will formally remain on the Sharks roster on long-term injured reserve until 2027.

Outside of the NHL, Couture briefly played internationally with Genève-Servette HC during the 2012–13 NHL lockout.