hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spinocerebellar ataxia type-13
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 13 (SCA13) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder, which, like other types of SCA, is characterized by dysarthria, nystagmus, and ataxia of gait, stance and the limbs due to cerebellar dysfunction. Patients with SCA13 also tend to present with epilepsy, an inability to run, and increased reflexes. This cerebellar dysfunction is permanent and progressive. SCA13 is caused by mutations in KCNC3, a gene encoding a voltage-gated potassium channel KV3.3. There are two known mutations in this gene causative for SCA13. Unlike many other types of SCA, these are not polyglutamine expansions but, rather, point mutations resulting in channels with no current or altered kinetics.

Ataxia
Ataxia (from Greek α- [a negative prefix] + -τάξις [order] = "lack of order") is a neurological sign consisting of lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements that can include gait abnormality, speech changes, and abnormalities in eye movements, that indicates dysfunction of parts of the nervous system that coordinate movement, such as the cerebellum.

These nervous-system dysfunctions occur in several different patterns, with different results and different possible causes. Ataxia can be limited to one side of the body, which is referred to as hemiataxia. Friedreich's ataxia has gait abnormality as the most commonly presented symptom. Dystaxia is a mild degree of ataxia.
2025 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2025.

Small carbonaceous fossil
Small carbonaceous fossils (SCFs) are sub-millimetric organic remains of organisms preserved in sedimentary strata.

This category of fossils has traditionally included robust or thick-walled entities such as plant spores, acritarchs and chitinozoa, but the term 'SCFs' is usually applied to more fragile remnants of animals that can only be extracted through a delicate maceration technique.  SCFs are relatively widespread and abundant, and can potentially preserve both mineralized and non-mineralized parts of organisms. Since SCFs can preserve the remains of non-biomineralized organisms, they have been viewed as a relatively untapped record of animal evolution, which has the potential to circumvent some of the biases of the shelly fossil record.
HMS Thais
Several ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Thais:

HMS Thais (1806), an 18-gun sloop, sold in 1818

HMS Thais (1829), a 10-gun Cherokee-class brig-sloop, that became a Post Office Packet Service packet, sailing out of Falmouth, Cornwall. She foundered with the loss of all hands in 1833.

HMS Thais (1806)
HMS Thais was built for the British Royal Navy in 1806 and was the name-vessel of her class of fire ships. Between 1811 and 1813 she served in the West Africa Squadron, which was attempting to suppress the slave trade. During this service she captured several slave traders and an American privateer. She made one voyage to the East Indies. Thais was sold in 1818. She then became a merchantman. She was last listed in 1826.
Minimal instruction set computer
Minimal instruction set computer (MISC) is a central processing unit (CPU) architecture, usually in the form of a microprocessor, with a very small number of basic operations and corresponding opcodes, together forming an instruction set. Such sets are commonly stack-based rather than register-based to reduce the size of operand specifiers.

Such a stack machine architecture is inherently simpler since all instructions operate on the top-most stack entries. One result of the stack architecture is an overall smaller instruction set, allowing a smaller and faster instruction decode unit with overall faster operation of individual instructions.

Stack machine
In computer science, computer engineering and programming language implementations, a stack machine is a computer processor or a process virtual machine in which the primary interaction is moving short-lived temporary values to and from a push-down stack. In the case of a hardware processor, a hardware stack is used. The use of a stack significantly reduces the required number of processor registers. Stack machines extend push-down automata with additional load/store operations or multiple stacks and hence are Turing-complete.
Anna Senjuschenko
Anna Senjuschenko (Russian: Анна Сенющенко; 16 September 1961 – 19 August 1979) was an Australian soccer player who won four unofficial caps for the Australia women's national soccer team.

Senjuschenko was an elegant central defender, noted for her powerful shooting. At the 1978 Women's World Invitational Tournament, she was named Australia's best player and named to the team of the tournament. The following year she was involved in a fatal traffic accident, while travelling as a passenger in a car in central Perth. In 1996 Senjuschenko was named to the Football Hall of Fame Western Australia.

Anna's brother Alex Senjuschenko was also a soccer centre-half and Football Hall of Fame Western Australia member. Their parents were Russian and moved to Australia in the early 1950s. Alex died in April 2012.

Australia women's national soccer team
The Australia women's national soccer team is overseen by the governing body for soccer in Australia, Football Australia, which is currently a member of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) and the regional ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) since leaving the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) in 2006. The team's official nickname is "the Matildas" (from the Australian folk song "Waltzing Matilda"; officially known as the CommBank Matildas for sponsorship reasons); they were known as the "Female Socceroos" before 1995.

Australia is a three-time OFC champion, one-time AFC champion and one-time AFF champion. The team has represented Australia at the FIFA Women's World Cup on eight occasions (once as co-host in 2023) and at the Olympic Games on five, although it has won neither tournament. Their performance in the 2023 World Cup attracted significant nationwide attention and has had an impact on the perception of women's sport in Australia.
Chesterton Commercial Historic District
The Chesterton Commercial Historic District is a historic district in Chesterton, Indiana.

Originally called Coffee Creek and located a little to the south of the current downtown, the name was changed some time after the post office was established in 1833 to Calumet, the river to the north. When the Lake Shore and Michigan Railroad came through the area in 1852, the town moved north to the current location and began to develop. The town's name was not changed to Chesterton until after the Civil War. There appears to have been confusion with Calumet, Illinois, further up the track.

The town's location along the railroad helped industry to grow. Soon, there was a cooperage, sawmills, a washing machine factory, and an organ company. Among the better examples of the towns growth are the commercial building on the southwest corner of Broadway and Calumet Rd, and the old Chesterton Tribune Building.

Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway
The Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway, established in 1869, and sometimes referred to as the Lake Shore, was a major part of the New York Central Railroad's Water Level Route from Buffalo, New York, to Chicago, Illinois, primarily along the south shore of Lake Erie (in New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio) and across northern Indiana. The line's trackage remains a major rail transportation corridor used by Amtrak passenger trains and several freight lines; in 1998, its ownership was split at Cleveland, Ohio, between CSX Transportation to the east and Norfolk Southern Railway in the west.
Afriodinia
Afriodinia is a genus of butterflies in the family Riodinidae. Species in the genus were formerly placed in the genus Abisara which was found to be polyphyletic. The genus Abisara is now found only in Asia while Afriodinia is Afrotropical.

The species that are included in the genus are:

Afriodinia caeca (Rebel, 1914)

Afriodinia cameroonensis (Callaghan, 2003)

Afriodinia delicata (Lathy, 1901)

Afriodinia gerontes (Fabricius, 1781)

Afriodinia intermedia (Aurivillius, 1895)

Afriodinia lico (Collins, 1990)

Afriodinia neavei (Riley, 1932)

Afriodinia rogersi (Druce, 1878)

Afriodinia rutherfordii (Hewitson, 1874)

Afriodinia talantus (Aurivillius, 1891)

Afriodinia tantalus (Hewitson, 1861)

Afriodinia zanzibarica (Collins, 1990)

Afriodinia rogersi
Afriodinia rogersi, the light banded Judy, is a butterfly in the family Riodinidae. The species was first described by Herbert Druce in 1878. It is found in Nigeria, Cameroon, Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Tanzania and Zambia. The habitat consists of shady areas in forests and open areas in submontane forests.

The larvae possibly feed on Maesa species.
Norman Sheil
Norman Leslie Sheil (22 October 1932 – 25 October 2018) was a racing cyclist who won world pursuit championships for Britain in 1955 and 1958 and rode the Tour de France in 1960. He became national coach of the British Cycling Federation and later of the Canadian Cycling Association. He returned to racing in 1998, one month after the birth of his grandson, and won the world points championship for over-65s, in Manchester England.

1960 Tour de France
The 1960 Tour de France was the 47th edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It took place between 26 June and 17 July, with 21 stages covering a distance of 4,173 km (2,593 mi). The race featured 128 riders, of which 81 finished, and was won by the Italian Gastone Nencini.

Because Jacques Anquetil was absent after winning the 1960 Giro d'Italia, Roger Rivière became the main favourite. Halfway the race, Rivière was in second place behind Nencini, and with his specialty the time trial remaining, he was still favourite for the victory. When Rivière had a career-ending crash in the fourteenth stage, this changed, and Nencini won the Tour easily.
Đogani
Đogani (Serbian Cyrillic: Ђогани), formerly known as Giogani Fantastico, is a Serbian turbo-folk and Eurodance duo from Belgrade, founded in the early 90s. The group was originally composed of the married couple Đorđe Đogani and Slađana Delibašić. Following their divorce in 2001, Giogani Fantastico rebranded as Đogani, consisted of Đorđe Đogani and his new girlfriend, Vesna Trivić.

They have released twelve studio albums to date, as well as numerous standalone singles and EPs. Some of best known songs of Đogani include: "Idemo na Mars" (1994), "Leto je" (1995), "Čekaj me kod kolima" (2005), "Znam ja", "Nema više cile mile" (2007) featuring Mile Kitić, "Gljiva ludara", "Ajmo sad u provod" (2009) and "Srce mi je zastalo" (2013).

The duo has also been associated with Đogani's brothers Andrija Đogani - Baki B3 and Gagi Đogani from Funky G.

Turbo-folk
Turbo-folk (Serbian Cyrillic: турбо-фолк) is a subgenre of contemporary South Slavic pop music that initially developed in Serbia during the 1990s as a fusion of techno and folk. The term "turbo-folk" was coined by Montenegrin singer Rambo Amadeus, who jokingly used it to describe an aggressive, satirical style of music. While primarily associated with Serbia, this style is also popular in other former Yugoslav nations. A widely cited 2011 article from Vice described turbo-folk as "Musik für Idioten" ("music for idiots").
Little Black Backpack
"Little Black Backpack" is a song by American rock band Stroke 9 from their third studio album Nasty Little Thoughts (1999). It was released to radio as the lead single from the album in 1999, by Universal. The song was collectively written by Stroke 9 and produced by Jerry Harrison. The song was inspired by a women's fashion trend in the late-Nineties. Commercially, "Little Black Backpack" achieved moderate success in the United States and reached the top 20 in New Zealand.

Nasty Little Thoughts
Nasty Little Thoughts is the third studio album by the American rock band Stroke 9. Universal Records released the album on September 7, 1999. It was written by Stroke 9 and produced by Jerry Harrison and Rupert Hine. It received a mixed reception from musicians critics.

It was certified Gold by the RIAA on April 21, 2000 and yielded 2 singles: "Little Black Backpack" and "Letters", which charted the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks. The album charted the Top Heatseekers chart.
St. James's Place plc
St. James's Place plc, formerly St. James's Place Capital plc, is a British financial advice and wealth management company. The head office is in Cirencester, Gloucestershire, and there are over twenty other offices in the United Kingdom. It is a combined adviser, fund manager and life insurance business. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. As of December 2024, the company has £190 billion worth of assets under management (AUM).

Assets under management
In finance, assets under management (AUM), sometimes called fund under management, refers to the total market value of all financial assets that a financial institution—such as a mutual fund, venture capital firm, or depository institution—or a decentralized network protocol manages and invests, typically on behalf of its clients. Funds may be managed for clients, platform users, or solely for themselves, such as in the case of a financial institution which has mutual funds or holds its own venture capital. The definition and formula for calculating AUM may differ from one entity to another.
Lobanilia
Lobanilia is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae and the sole genus of the subtribe Lobaniliinae. It was first described as a genus in 1989 and is endemic to Madagascar.

Species

Lobanilia asterothrix Radcl.-Sm.

Lobanilia bakeriana (Baill.) Radcl.-Sm.

Lobanilia claoxyloides Radcl.-Sm.

Lobanilia crotonoides Radcl.-Sm.

Lobanilia hirtella (Baill.) Radcl.-Sm.

Lobanilia luteobrunnea (Baker) Radcl.-Sm.

Lobanilia ovalis (Baill.) Radcl.-Sm.

Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae (/juːˈfɔːrbiˌeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of the type genus of the family. Most spurges, such as Euphorbia paralias, are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees, such as Hevea brasiliensis. Some, such as Euphorbia canariensis,: 206  are succulent and resemble cacti because of convergent evolution. This family has a cosmopolitan global distribution. The greatest diversity of species is in the tropics; however, the Euphorbiaceae also have many species in nontropical areas of all continents except Antarctica.
Stenoptilia graphodactyla
Stenoptilia graphodactyla is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is found in Spain, Belgium, Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Albania. It is also known from Russia (the West Siberian plain).

The wingspan is 22–27 mm. Adults are on wing in July.

The larvae feed on Gentiana species, including Gentiana lutea, Gentiana verna, Gentiana clusii, Gentiana asclepiadea, and Gentiana pneumonanthe.

Gentiana verna
Gentiana verna, the spring gentian, is a species of flowering plant in the family Gentianaceae, and one of its smallest members, normally only growing to a height of a few centimetres.

The short stem supports up to three opposing pairs of elliptical or lanceolate leaves. The conspicuous vivid blue (sometimes purplish-red or rarely white) flowers are 1–2 cm in diameter, with a deeply five-lobed corolla; they are produced in late spring to early summer. The flowers attract butterflies and bees (particularly bumblebees) for pollination. Ants are responsible for the spreading of its seeds.
Lachie Schultz
Lachlan Schultz (born 30 November 1997) is a professional Australian rules footballer who plays for the Collingwood Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He previously played for the Fremantle Football Club from 2019–2023.

2023 AFL season
The 2023 AFL season was the 127th season of the Australian Football League (AFL), the highest-level senior Australian rules football competition in Australia. The season featured 18 clubs and ran from 16 March to 30 September, comprising a 23-match home-and-away season followed by a four-week finals series featuring the top eight clubs.

Collingwood won the premiership, defeating the Brisbane Lions by four points in the 2023 AFL Grand Final; it was Collingwood's 16th VFL/AFL premiership. Collingwood also won the minor premiership by finishing atop the home-and-away ladder with an 18–5 win–loss record. The Brisbane Lions' Lachie Neale won his second Brownlow Medal as the league's best and fairest player, and Carlton's Charlie Curnow won his second consecutive Coleman Medal as the league's leading goalkicker.
Tamara Minko
Tamara Minko is a distinguished professor and chair of the department of pharmaceutics at Rutgers University, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy. She has an H-index of 43 since 2016 and over 17,800 citations of her work.

Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy
The Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (EMSOP) is the pharmacy school of Rutgers University. It was founded in 1892 as the Newark College of Pharmacy and merged with Rutgers University in 1927 as the Rutgers College of Pharmacy. In 1971, the school moved to its current location in Piscataway, on the Busch Campus. In 2003, the school was renamed the Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy in recognition of Ernest Mario's contributions to the pharmaceutical industry and the school. As of 2015 it was tied as the 26th ranked pharmacy school in the US.
1918 Copa del Rey
The Copa del Rey 1918 was the 18th staging of the Copa del Rey, the Spanish football cup competition.

The competition started on 8 April 1918, and concluded on 2 May 1918 with the final, held at the O'Donnell in Madrid, in which Real Unión lifted the trophy for the first time (second time counting the trophy won by Racing de Irun in 1913) with a 2–0 victory over Madrid FC with Juan Legarreta netting both goals for Unión.

Recreativo de Huelva
Real Club Recreativo de Huelva, S.A.D. (Spanish pronunciation: [reˈal ˈkluβ rekɾeaˈtiβo ðe ˈwelβa]) is a Spanish football club based in Huelva, Andalucia, Spain. Founded on 18 December 1889, they are the oldest football club in Spain, and currently play in Segunda Federación – Group 4, holding home games at Estadio Nuevo Colombino, which has a 21,670 seating-capacity.

Team colours are white shirts with blue vertical stripes and white shorts.
Wickersham House (Fairbanks, Alaska)
The Wickersham House is a historic house museum at Pioneer Park ("Alaskaland") in Fairbanks, Alaska.  The single-story wood-frame house was built in 1904 for James Wickersham, one of the dominant political figures of early 20th-century Alaskan history.  It was the first frame house (and at three rooms the largest) built in Fairbanks, and the first to feature a wooden sidewalk, picket fence, and grass lawn.  The house was the first designated state landmark, designated by Governor Walter J. Hickel in May 1966.  The house was rescued from demolition by the Fairbanks chapter of the Pioneers of Alaska, and moved from its original site at First and Noble Streets to the newly formed Alaskaland park in 1967.  It is now a museum operated by the Tanana-Yukon Historical Society.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Historic house museum
A historic house museum is a house of historic significance that is preserved as a museum. Historic furnishings may be displayed in a way that reflects their original placement and usage in a home. Historic house museums are held to a variety of standards, including those of the International Council of Museums. Houses are transformed into museums for a number of different reasons. For example, the homes of famous writers are frequently turned into writer's home museums to support literary tourism.
Emotions in the History of Witchcraft
Emotions in the History of Witchcraft is a 2017 book edited by historians Laura Kounine and Michael Ostling, published by Palgrave Macmillan. The book received scholarly reviews in Preternature, Zeitschrift für Historische Forschung, Renaissance Quarterly, and Comparative Studies in Society and History.

Comparative Studies in Society and History
Comparative Studies in Society and History is a peer-reviewed academic journal published quarterly by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Society for Comparative Study of Society and History. It was established in 1958 by Sylvia L. Thrupp. When she retired as editor-in-chief, she entrusted the journal's editorship and managing editorship to Raymond Grew and his wife Daphne Merriam Grew.
Karonga War
The name Karonga War  is given to a number of armed clashes that took place between mid-1887 and mid-1889 near Karonga at the northern end of Lake Malawi in what is now Malawi between a Scottish trading concern called the African Lakes Company Limited and elements of the Ngonde people on one side and Swahili traders and their Henga allies on the other. In the 19th century, it was referred to as the “Arab War”, despite few actual Arabs being involved. Although these conflicts predate formal endorsement of a British Central Africa Protectorate west of Lake Malawi in 1891, European involvement, both by the African Lakes Company and by Germans attempting to prevent Swahili slave trading around Lake Tanganyika in German East Africa, had upset the previous balance between the Ngonde and their neighbours and created the conditions for this conflict. It was between the Tumbuka and Nyakyusa-Ngonde ethnic groups.

Lake Tanganyika
Lake Tanganyika (/ˌtæŋɡənˈjiːkə, -ɡæn-/ TANG-gən-YEE-kə, -⁠gan-; Kirundi: Ikiyaga ca Tanganyika) is an African Great Lake. It is the world's second-largest freshwater lake by volume and the second deepest, in both cases after Lake Baikal in Siberia. It is the world's longest freshwater lake. It is also the 6th largest lake by area. The lake is shared among four countries—Tanzania, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (the DRC), Burundi, and Zambia—with Tanzania (46%) and the DRC (40%) possessing the majority of the lake. It drains via the Lukuga River into the Congo River system, which ultimately discharges at Banana, Democratic Republic of the Congo into the Atlantic Ocean.
Mieczysław Palus
Mieczysław Palus (31 August 1921 – 15 May 1986) was a Polish ice hockey player. He played for Pogoń Lwów, Spartak Lviv, Wisła Krakow, Cracovia, and Legia Warsaw during his career. He won the Polish league championship in 1949 with Cracovia, and seven more times from 1951 to 1957 with Legia. Palus also played for the Polish national team at the 1948 Winter Olympics, and the 1947 World Championship. He served as a co-coach for Poland at the 1956 Winter Olympics.

Cracovia (ice hockey)
Cracovia, commonly erroneously referred to as Cracovia Kraków and playing as Comarch Cracovia for sponsorship reasons, is a professional ice hockey team based in Kraków, Poland. The team competes in the Polska Hokej Liga, the highest league in Poland. With 12 Polish championships (as of 2025), it is one of the most accomplished Polish ice hockey teams.