hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sir Lyonel Lyde, 1st Baronet
Sir Lyonel Lyde, 1st Baronet (1724–1791), also known as Lionel Lyde, was a tobacco merchant.

Lyde was born in Bristol, where his father served as mayor. The Lyde family had interests in the tobacco plantations of Virginia and in slave trading.
Historic England describes Lyde as a tobacco merchant and a director of the Bank of England, but also indicates that the Lyde fortune came from the slave trade.
Lyonel and his brother Samuel formed a partnership dealing with the family's business affairs in London. Lyonel was made a director of the Bank of England in the 1760s. The American War of Independence subsequently created difficult conditions for the tobacco trade.

Plantation economy
A plantation economy is an economy based on agricultural mass production, usually of a few commodity crops, grown on large farms worked by laborers or slaves. The properties are called plantations. Plantation economies rely on the export of cash crops as a source of income. Prominent crops included cotton, rubber, sugar cane, tobacco, figs, rice, kapok, sisal, Red Sandalwood, and species in the genus Indigofera, used to produce indigo dye.

The longer a crop's harvest period, the more efficient plantations become. Economies of scale are also achieved when the distance to market is long. Plantation crops usually need processing immediately after harvesting. Sugarcane, tea, sisal, and palm oil are most suited to plantations, while coconuts, rubber, and cotton are suitable to a lesser extent.
Shaolin Wooden Men
Shaolin Wooden Men (Chinese: 少林木人巷) (Shao Lin mu ren xiang) is a 1976 Hong Kong martial arts film directed by Chen Chi-hwa, written by Gam Yam, and produced by Lo Wei. The film stars Jackie Chan, with a supporting cast of Doris Lung Chun-erh, Chiang Kam, Kam Kong, and Yuen Biao. It was made at Lo Wei's studio at Golden Harvest, during the post-Bruce Lee era.

The film was also released internationally under several alternative titles, including:

"36 Wooden Men"

"Shaolin Chamber of Death" (initial UK releases)

"Shaolin Wooden Men - Young Tiger's Revenge" (USA)

"Wooden Man" (Germany)

Disney Networks Group Asia Pacific
Disney Networks Group Asia Pacific was a Hong Kong–based commercial broadcasting company operating multiple specialty television channels. The company was founded in 1991 by Hong Kong - Canadian businessman Richard Li.

Originally established by Hutchison Whampoa and later acquired by the original News Corporation, Star TV was once the most prominent satellite television broadcaster in Asia. On 20 March 2019, following Disney's acquisition of 21st Century Fox, Fox Networks Group Asia and Star India became a part of Disney, and Fox Networks Group Asia Pacific merged with the Disney Branded Television unit.

DNG Asia Pacific's channels were available in Southeast Asia, East Asia, South Asia, and the Middle East.
1939 Palestine Cup
The 1939 Palestine Cup (Hebrew: הגביע הארץ-ישראלי, HaGavia HaEretz-Israeli) was the tenth season of Israeli Football Association's nationwide football cup competition.

The defending holders, Hapoel Tel Aviv, won the cup for the third time in a row, beating Maccabi Avshalom Petah Tikva 2–1 in the Maccabiah Stadium.

Maccabiah Stadium
The Maccabiah Stadium (Hebrew: אצטדיון המכביה Itztadion HaMakabiya) was a football stadium on the Yarkon River in Tel Aviv, Israel.

Maccabiah Stadium was built in 1932 for the first Maccabiah Games and was filled to capacity for the opening ceremony. It was used by Maccabi Tel Aviv until 1969, when the team moved to the Bloomfield Stadium.
Jammed finger
Jammed finger is a common term used to describe various types of finger joint injuries. It happens from a forceful impact originating at the tip of the finger directed towards the base. This type of directional force is called axial loading. It occurs most often when the finger is fully extended. This kind of impact can stretch or strain the ligaments in the joint beyond their normal limits. The severity of damage to the finger increases with the amount of force on the fingertip. In severe cases, injury to bone may occur. When experiencing a jammed finger, the extent of injury is not always obvious and one should be evaluated by a medical professional. Toes may become jammed as well, with similar results.

Axial loading
Axial loading is defined as applying a force on a structure directly along a given axis of said structure. In the medical field, the term refers to the application of weight or force along the course of the long axis of the body. The application of an axial load on the human spine can result in vertebral compression fractures. Axial loading takes place during the practice of head-carrying, an activity which a prospective case–control study in 2020 shows leads to "accelerated degenerative changes, which involve the upper cervical spine more than the lower cervical spine and predisposes it to injury at a lower threshold."
Richard Statman
Richard Statman (born September 6, 1946) is an American computer scientist whose principal research interest is the theory of computation, especially symbolic computation. His research involves lambda calculus, type theory, and combinatory algebra.

Type theory
In mathematics and theoretical computer science, a type theory is the formal presentation of a specific type system. Type theory is the academic study of type systems.

Some type theories serve as alternatives to set theory as a foundation of mathematics. Two influential type theories that have been proposed as foundations are:

Typed λ-calculus of Alonzo Church

Intuitionistic type theory of Per Martin-Löf

Most computerized proof-writing systems use a type theory for their foundation. A common one is Thierry Coquand's calculus of inductive constructions.
Lickdale, Pennsylvania
Lickdale, previously known as Union Forge, is an unincorporated community in northern Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is a village approximately three miles (4.8 km) west of Fredericksburg, Pennsylvania (formerly Stumpstown), and was named for James Lick. Lickdale was a prominent 19th century canal port along a branch of the Union Canal and contained a large commercial ice house. It is on the Swatara Creek and serves as a southern gateway to Swatara State Park. It is located in Union Township and Route 72 has an interchange with Interstate 81 via Fisher Avenue. It is served by the Jonestown post office with the zip code of 17038.

Interstate 81 in Pennsylvania
Interstate 81 (I-81) is a north–south Interstate Highway, stretching from I-40 in Dandridge, Tennessee, northeast to Fishers Landing, New York on Wellesley Island, at the Canada–United States border. In Pennsylvania, I-81 runs for 232.76 miles (374.59 km) from the Maryland state line northeast to the New York state line near Hallstead and is called the American Legion Memorial Highway. The Interstate enters the state near the borough of Greencastle, serving the boroughs of Chambersburg and Carlisle, before reaching Harrisburg, the capital. After that, it climbs into the Pocono Mountains to run through the Wyoming Valley, then exits into New York. It is the longest north–south Interstate in Pennsylvania.
Australian folk music
Australian folk music is the traditional music from the large variety of immigrant cultures and those of the original Australian inhabitants.

Celtic, English, German and Scandinavian folk traditions predominated in the first wave of European immigrant music. The Australian tradition is, in this sense, related to the traditions of other countries with similar ethnic, historical and political origins, such as New Zealand, Canada and the United States.

Nordic folklore
Nordic folklore is the folklore of Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland and the Faroe Islands. It has common roots with, and has been under mutual influence with, folklore in England, Germany, the Low Countries, the Baltic countries, Finland and Sápmi. Folklore is a concept encompassing expressive traditions of a particular culture or group. The peoples of Scandinavia are heterogenous, as are the oral genres and material culture that has been common in their lands. However, there are some commonalities across Scandinavian folkloric traditions, among them a common ground in elements from Norse mythology as well as Christian conceptions of the world.

Among the many tales common in Scandinavian oral traditions, some have become known beyond Scandinavian borders – examples include The Three Billy Goats Gruff and The Giant Who Had No Heart in His Body.
Navapur Tur Dal
Navapur Tur Dal or Redgram is a variety of pigeon pea cultivated in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is a common and widely cultivated crop in the 160 villages of Navapur taluka located in Nandurbar district. Under its Geographical Indication tag, it is referred to as "'Navapur Tur Dal".

Pigeon pea
The pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) or toor dal is a perennial legume from the family Fabaceae native to the  Eastern Hemisphere. The pigeon pea is widely cultivated in tropical and semitropical regions around the world, being commonly consumed in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean.: 5941
New South Wales Country Eagles
The New South Wales Country Eagles is an Australian rugby union football team competes in the National Rugby Championship (NRC). The team was founded by a group of patrons associated with country rugby in New South Wales. The Eagles team plays home matches in regional centres of New South Wales including Armidale, Goulburn, Orange, and Tamworth.

Goulburn
Goulburn (/ɡoʊlbərn/ GOHL-bərn) is a regional city in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia, approximately 195 kilometres (121 mi) south-west of Sydney and 90 kilometres (56 mi) north-east of Canberra. It was proclaimed as Australia's first inland city through letters patent by Queen Victoria in 1863. Goulburn had a population of 24,565 as of the 2021 census. Goulburn is the seat of Goulburn Mulwaree Council.

Goulburn is a railhead on the Main Southern line, and regional health & government services centre, supporting the surrounding pastoral industry as well as being a stopover for travellers on the Hume Highway. It has a central historic park and many historic and listed buildings. It is also home to the monument the Big Merino, a sculpture that is the world's largest concrete sheep.
Pijao language
Pijao (Piajao, originally Pinao) is an unclassified indigenous American language that was spoken in the villages of Ortega, Coyaima (Koyai, Tupe) and Natagaima in the Magdalena River Valley of Colombia until the 1950s, by the Pijao and Panche people.

Panche people
The Panche or Tolima are an indigenous group of people that lived in what is now Colombia. They inhabited the southwestern parts of the department of Cundinamarca and the northeastern areas of the department of Tolima, close to the Magdalena River. At the time of the Spanish conquest, more than 30,000 Panche were living in what would become the New Kingdom of Granada. Early knowledge about the Panche has been compiled by scholar Pedro Simón.
Microphallus piriformes
Microphallus piriformes is a parasitic trematode (fluke). It belongs to the Xiphidiata, a large suborder of the digenean fluke order Plagiorchiida. M. piriformes is unusual among the flukes in having only one intermediate host rather than two, and no free-swimming cercarian stage.

It is most notable, however, for modifying the behaviour of its intermediate host in a way that increases its chance of transmission to the primary host. This has been researched by Helen O. McCarthy and her team of University of Ulster scientists both in the laboratory and at Muck Island in Scotland.

Trematoda
Trematoda is a class of flatworms known as trematodes, and commonly as flukes. They are obligate internal parasites with a complex life cycle requiring at least two hosts. The intermediate host, in which asexual reproduction occurs, is a mollusk, usually a snail. The definitive host, where the flukes sexually reproduce, is a vertebrate. Infection by trematodes can cause disease in all five vertebrate groups: mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and fish.
Workers' Initiative
The All-Poland Trade Union Workers' Initiative (Polish: Ogólnopolski Związek Zawodowy Inicjatywa Pracownicza; OZZIP), commonly known simply as Workers' Initiative (Polish: Inicjatywa Pracownicza; IP), is a Polish anarcho-syndicalist trade union center. Established by Polish anarchists in 2001, the union attracted workers who were dissilusioned by the larger trade union centers. Through its decentralised structure, the union has focused on organising precarious workers, including in the country's logistics, care and cultural industries. In collaboration with other social movements, the union also engages in community unionism, in which local activists support workplace struggles through milieu committees.

Decentralization
Decentralization or decentralisation is the process by which the activities of an organization, particularly those related to planning and decision-making, are distributed or delegated away from a central, authoritative location or group and given to smaller factions within it.

Concepts of decentralization have been applied to group dynamics and management science in private businesses and organizations, political science, law and public administration, technology, economics and money.
Warzone (song)
"Warzone" is a song by British-Irish boy band the Wanted, released as the fourth and final single from their second studio album, Battleground (2011). It is also featured on the special edition of their self-titled EP. It was released on 26 December 2011. The electropop ballad contains elements of dubstep, and was written by band members Nathan Sykes and Max George, alongside Jack McManus and producer Harry Sommerdahl.

"Warzone" received positive reviews from music critics, who felt the song was one of the highlights of the album. "Warzone" has peaked at number 21 on the UK Singles Chart, becoming their first single to miss the UK top 20.

The music video premiered on 10 November 2011.

The Wanted (EP)
The Wanted is the first extended play by British-Irish boy band The Wanted. It was released on 24 April 2012 as the band's debut release in Canada and United States via Mercury Records. The album comprises material from The Wanted's two studio albums: The Wanted (2010) and Battleground (2011), as well as two new songs: "Chasing the Sun" and "Satellite".
William Spriggs
William Edward Spriggs (April 8, 1955 – June 6, 2023) was an American economist who was a professor of economics at Howard University, chief economist for the AFL-CIO, and Assistant Secretary of Labor for Policy in the Obama administration from 2009 to 2012.

Spriggs' work and research focused on workforce discrimination, minimum wage, national and international labor standards, and pay equity. He supported organized labor and liberal economics.

Economic Policy Institute
The Economic Policy Institute (EPI) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit think tank based in Washington, D.C., that carries out economic research and analyzes the economic impact of policies and proposals. Affiliated with the labor movement, the EPI is usually described as presenting a left-wing and pro-union viewpoint on public policy issues. Since 2021, EPI has been led by economist Heidi Shierholz, the former chief economist of the Department of Labor.

EPI has an advocacy arm, EPI Action, which is a 501(c)(4) group.
Ohio State Route 251
State Route 251 (SR 251) is a north–south state highway located in the southwestern portion of the U.S. state of Ohio. Its southern terminus is at U.S. Route 50 (US 50) about one mile (1.6 km) south of St. Martin in northern Brown County.  The northern terminus of SR 251 is at US 68 nearly two and a half miles (4.0 km) northwest of St. Martin in southwestern Clinton County.

Brown County, Ohio
Brown County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 43,676. The county seat is Georgetown. The county was created in 1818 and is named for Major General Jacob Brown, an officer in the War of 1812 who was wounded at the Battle of Lundy's Lane. Brown County is part of the Cincinnati–Middletown, OH–KY–IN Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Rotor solidity
Rotor solidity is a dimensionless quantity used in design and analysis of rotorcraft, propellers and wind turbines. Rotor solidity is a function of the aspect ratio and number of blades in the rotor and is widely used as a parameter for ensuring geometric similarity in rotorcraft experiments. It provides a measure of how close a lifting rotor system is to an ideal actuator disk in momentum theory. It also plays an important role in determining the fluid speed across the rotor disk when lift is generated and consequentially the performance of the rotor; amount of downwash around it, and noise levels the rotor generates. It is also used to compare performance characteristics between rotors of different sizes. Typical values of rotor solidity ratio for helicopters fall in the range 0.05 to 0.12.

Aspect ratio
The aspect ratio of a geometric shape is the ratio of its sizes in different dimensions. For example, the aspect ratio of a rectangle is the ratio of its longer side to its shorter side—the ratio of width to height, when the rectangle is oriented as a "landscape".

The aspect ratio is most often expressed as two integer numbers separated by a colon (x:y), less commonly as a simple or decimal fraction. The values x and y do not represent actual widths and heights but, rather, the proportion between width and height. As an example, 8:5, 16:10, 1.6:1, 8⁄5 and 1.6 are all ways of representing the same aspect ratio.

In objects of more than two dimensions, such as hyperrectangles, the aspect ratio can still be defined as the ratio of the longest side to the shortest side.
Leon Trotsky bibliography
The following is a chronological list of books by Leon Trotsky, a Marxist theoretician, including hardcover and paperback books and pamphlets published during his life and posthumously during the years immediately following his assassination in the northern summer of 1940. Included are the original Russian or German language titles and publication information, as well as the name and publication information of the first English language edition.

In the course of his life, Trotsky wrote about 30,000 documents, most of which are contained in various archives. According to his biographer Isaac Deutscher stated that Trotsky wrote most of the Soviet's manifestos and resolutions, edited its Izvestia newspaper.

This material represents a small fraction of the myriad of articles published by Trotsky during his life and afterwards, with the complete 1989 bibliography by Louis Sinclair running to nearly 1,100 printed pages.

Maxim Lieber was Trotsky's literary agent at the end of his life.

Isaac Deutscher
Isaac Deutscher (Polish: Izaak Deutscher; 3 April 1907 – 19 August 1967) was a Polish Marxist writer, journalist and political activist who moved to the United Kingdom before the outbreak of World War II. He is best known as a biographer of Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin and as a commentator on Soviet affairs.

His scholarly biographies of Trotsky and Stalin have received widespread acclaim, with several reviewers ranking his three-volume Prophet biography of Trotsky among the greatest of political biographies; some criticism has been directed at his overly sympathetic tone for the subject matter. His biography of Trotsky was also highly influential among the British New Left in the 1960s and 1970s.
Aleksandar Đokić
Aleksandar Đokić (Serbian Cyrillic: Александар Ђокић; 28 December 1936 – 22 May 2002) was a Serbian architect who gained fame for his original designs created in the Brutalist and postmodernist styles. He graduated from the University of Belgrade Faculty of Architecture.

A native of the Serbian capital, Belgrade, Aleksandar Đokić has designed numerous structures and edifices considered to be straddling the boundary between post-Modern and neo-Romantic architecture.  His most-publicized creation, the Center of Norwegian-Yugoslav Friendship in the Rudnik-Vujan mountain town of Gornji Milanovac, has been compared to the works of his younger Japanese contemporary, Makoto Sei Watanabe, who incorporates tigers and dragons into his art, as Đokić has included Serbian log cabins and Norsemen boats into his designs for the Center.

Aleksandar Đokić died in Belgrade at the age of 65.

Postmodern architecture
Postmodern architecture is a style or movement which emerged in the 1960s as a reaction against the austerity, formality, and lack of variety of modern architecture, particularly in the international style championed by Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock. The movement was formally introduced by the architect and urban planner Denise Scott Brown and architectural theorist Robert Venturi in their 1972 book Learning from Las Vegas, building upon Venturi's "gentle manifesto" Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture, published by the Museum of Modern Art in New York in 1966.

The style flourished from the 1980s through the 1990s, particularly in the work of Scott Brown & Venturi, Philip Johnson, Charles Moore and Michael Graves. In the late 1990s, it divided into a multitude of new tendencies, including high-tech architecture, neo-futurism, new classical architecture, and deconstructivism. However, some buildings built after this period are still considered postmodern.
Zhubei
24°50′00″N 121°00′43″E﻿ / ﻿24.83333°N 121.01194°E﻿ / 24.83333; 121.01194

Zhubei (Wade-Giles: Chupei; Hakka PFS: Chuk-pet; Hokkien POJ: Tek-pak) is a city in Hsinchu County, Taiwan. It is one of the country's fastest-growing settlements, with a population gain of 51,000 between 2010 and 2019, the highest of any township/city or district. The city has attracted migration both because of its proximity to Hsinchu City and the Hsinchu Science and Technology Park, and because the Hsinchu County government has focused most of its infrastructure here.

It is governed as a county-administered city, and is the county seat of Hsinchu County. Taiwan High Speed Rail's Hsinchu HSR station is located here.

Taiwanese Hakka
Taiwanese Hakka is a language group consisting of Hakka dialects spoken in Taiwan, and mainly used by people of Hakka ancestry. Taiwanese Hakka is divided into five main dialects: Sixian, Hailu, Dapu, Raoping, and Zhao'an. The most widely spoken of the five Hakka dialects in Taiwan are Sixian and Hailu. The former, possessing 6 tones, originates from Meizhou, Guangdong, and is mainly spoken in Miaoli, Pingtung and Kaohsiung, while the latter, possessing 7 tones, originates from Haifeng and Lufeng, Guangdong, and is concentrated around Hsinchu. Taiwanese Hakka is also officially listed as one of the national languages of Taiwan. In addition to the five main dialects, there are the northern Xihai dialect and the patchily distributed Yongding, Fengshun, Wuping, Wuhua, and Jiexi dialects.
Volkswagen Group E platform
The Volkswagen Group E platform was a series of automobile platforms shared among multiple marques of sport utility vehicles (SUVs) (4x4s in the European market).  It was co-developed by Volkswagen Group and Porsche AG.  All platform users shared the Volkswagen Bratislava Plant in Slovakia, with the Porsche Cayenne having final assembly at the Porsche plant at Leipzig.

Car platform
A car platform is a shared set of common design, engineering, and production efforts, as well as major components, over a number of outwardly distinct models and even types of cars, often from different, but somewhat related, marques. It is practiced in the automotive industry to reduce the costs associated with the development of products by basing those products on a smaller number of platforms. This further allows companies to create distinct models from a design perspective on similar underpinnings. A car platform is not to be confused with a platform chassis, although such a chassis can be part of an automobile's design platform, as noted below.