hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Conrad Brunkman
Conrad Anton Olsson Brunkman (20 January 1887 – 27 May 1925), also spelled Konrad, was a Swedish rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He won a silver medal in the coxed four, inriggers, and failed to reach the finals of the eight tournament. His younger brother Gustaf competed alongside in the men's eight.

Rowing at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's eight
The men's eight was a rowing event held as part of the Rowing at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fourth appearance of the event. The competition was held from Wednesday to Friday, 17 to 19 July 1912. Ninety-nine rowers (11 boats) from eight nations competed. Nations were still permitted to have two boats each in the event.

The event was won by the Leander Club of Great Britain, successfully defending their 1908 Olympic title. Silver also went to Great Britain, with their second boat from New College Boat Club. Germany earned its first medal in the men's eight with a bronze by the Berliner Ruderverein von 1876 (Berlin rowing club of 1876).

According to the records of silver medallists New College, the final featured controversy as Leander's team acted outside convention over a coin toss, though this is not mentioned in the official record.
Robert Brigham (died 1349)
Robert Brigham (died 1349) was an English Member of Parliament.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Cambridge. His wife was named Maud and his son was also a Cambridge MP, Robert Brigham the second.

Cambridge (UK Parliament constituency)
Cambridge is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2015 by Daniel Zeichner of the Labour Party.

Centred on the university city of Cambridge, it is one of the country's oldest continuously constituted constituencies. It was created in 1295 and returned two Members of Parliament (MPs) and was represented in the House of Commons of England until 1707, then in the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, and then in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1885. From 1885 onwards, the seat has elected one MP.

It was held by the Conservatives from 1967 to 1992, since which time it has been represented alternately by both Labour and the Liberal Democrats.

In the 2016 referendum to leave the European Union, the constituency voted 73.8% to remain.
Banjani
Banjani (Serbian Cyrillic: Бањани) was a tribe  in Old Herzegovina, and historical region in western Montenegro. Its territory comprises 380 km2 (150 sq mi), west of Nikšić, in the centre between Nikšić and Bileća, from the top of Njegoš mountain to the Trebišnjica river, and on to the Bileća Lake. All Banjani families have Jovanjdan (St. John's feast day, January 20) as their slava (a Serbian Orthodox tradition).

Slava (tradition)
Slava (Serbian: Слава, lit. 'Celebration', pronounced [ˈslâʋa]) is a family's annual ceremony and veneration of their patron saint, found mainly among ethnic Serbs.

Although its origin is unknown, this old tradition is an important ethnic marker of Serbian identity. It is a tribute to the family's first ancestor, who was baptized into Christianity, with its presiding saint. Slava is passed down exclusively through male lineage and it symbolizes family identity, unity, and faith.

In 2014, Slava was inscribed on UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists of Serbia. In general, the observance of Slava remains one of the most enduring and cherished traditions among Serbs worldwide.
Jedediah Kimball
Jedediah Kimball (1810 - ?) was a farmer from Portland, Wisconsin (originally from Maine) who served a single one-year term in 1849 (the 2nd Wisconsin Legislature) as a member for the 4th Wisconsin State Assembly district (the Towns of Elba, Lowell, Portland and Clyman) from Dodge County. At the time of taking office (January 10, 1849), he was 38 years old, and had been in Wisconsin four years. He is believed to have been a Democrat; he succeeded Monroe Thompson, a Whig, and was succeeded by Democrat William T. Ward.

2nd Wisconsin Legislature
The Second Wisconsin Legislature convened from January 10, 1849, to April 2, 1849, in regular session. Senators representing odd numbered districts were newly elected for this session and were serving the first year of a two-year term.  Senators representing even numbered districts were serving the second year of their two-year term.

The governor of Wisconsin during this entire term was Democrat Nelson Dewey, of Grant County, serving his first full year in office after winning election in the state's first gubernatorial election in May 1848, and taking office in June 1848.
Gotham War
"Gotham War" is an eight-issue comic book crossover storyline published by the comic book publishing company DC Comics in late 2023, featuring Batman and his family dealing with Catwoman's new idea in taking down crime. Primarily written by Chip Zdarsky and Tini Howard, the arc is their first major arc on Batman and Catwoman in Dawn of DC. The main story received poor reviews from critics, with critics criticizing the inconsistent art, story, and writing for Catwoman.

Batman Family
Batman Family is an American comic book anthology series published by the comic book publishing company DC Comics which ran from 1975 to 1978, primarily featuring stories starring supporting characters to the superhero Batman. An eight-issue miniseries called Batman: Family was published from December 2002 to February 2003.

The term "Batman Family" (or the shortened "Bat-Family") is most commonly used as the informal name for Batman's closest allies, generally masked vigilantes operating in Gotham City or simply "Gotham."
Healthy eating pyramid
The Healthy Eating Pyramid (alternately, Healthy Eating Plate) is a nutrition guide developed by the Harvard School of Public Health, suggesting quantities of each food category that a human should eat each day. The healthy eating pyramid is intended to provide a more sound eating guide than the widespread food guide pyramid created by the USDA.

The new pyramid aims to include more recent research in dietary health not present in the USDA's 1992 guide. The original USDA pyramid has been criticized for not differentiating between refined grains and whole grains, between saturated fats and unsaturated fats, and for not placing enough emphasis on exercise and weight control.

Refined grains
Refined grains have been significantly modified from their natural composition, in contrast to whole grains. The modification process generally involves the mechanical removal of bran and germ, either through grinding or selective sifting.
Los Tres
Los Tres (Spanish for The Three) is a Chilean rock band, formed in 1987 in Concepción by Álvaro Henríquez, Roberto "Titae" Lindl, Francisco Molina and Ángel Parra Jr. They are one of the most influential rock en español bands.

Roberto Parra
Roberto Parra Mateo (born 6 April 1976 in Socuéllamos, Ciudad Real) is a Spanish middle distance runner. He specialized in the 800 and 1500 metres events.

He was municipal councillor in his native town from 2011 to 2014.
History of prostitution in Canada
Canada inherited its criminal laws from England. The first recorded laws dealing with prostitution were in Nova Scotia in 1759, although as early as August 19, 1675 the Sovereign Council of New France convicted Catherine Guichelin, one of the King's Daughters, with leading a "life scandalous and dishonest to the public", declared her a prostitute and banished her from the walls of Quebec City under threat of the whip. Following Canadian Confederation, the laws were consolidated in the Criminal Code. These dealt principally with pimping, procuring, operating brothels and soliciting. Most amendments to date have dealt with the latter, originally classified as a vagrancy offence, this was amended to soliciting in 1972, and communicating in 1985. Since the Charter of Rights and Freedoms became law, the constitutionality of Canada's prostitution laws have been challenged on a number of occasions.

Niagara Falls, Ontario
Niagara Falls is a city in Ontario, Canada, adjacent to, and named after, Niagara Falls. As of the 2021 census, the city had a population of 94,415. The city is located on the Niagara Peninsula along the western bank of the Niagara River, which forms part of the Canada–United States border, with the other side being the twin city of Niagara Falls, New York. Niagara Falls is  within the Regional Municipality of Niagara and a part of the St. Catharines - Niagara Census Metropolitan Area (CMA).

Tourism is a major part of the city's economy: its skyline consists of multiple high-rise hotels and observation towers that overlook the waterfalls and adjacent parkland. Souvenir shops, arcades, museums, amusement rides, indoor water parks, casinos, theatres and a convention centre are located nearby in the city's large tourist area. Other parts of the city include historic sites from the War of 1812, parks, golf courses, commercial spaces, and residential neighbourhoods.
Yang Shi'e
Yang Shi'e (Chinese: 杨士莪; 9 August 1931 – 19 March 2024) was a Chinese engineer who was vice president of Harbin Institute of Shipbuilding Engineering (now Harbin Engineering University) from 1982 to 1987, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He was one of the founders of China's underwater acoustic engineering discipline.

Harbin Engineering University
Harbin Engineering University (HRBEU; 哈尔滨工程大学) is a public science and engineering university in Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education, and co-funded by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Education, the Heilongjiang Provincial People's Government, the Harbin Municipal People's Government, and the People's Liberation Army Navy. The university is part of the Double First-Class Construction and Project 211.

The university was established in 1970 based on the Department of Naval Engineering of the then Chinese People's Liberation Army Military Engineering College. It received the national accreditation to confer master's degrees and doctorates in 1981. The university now offers more than 150 degree programs, among them 48 are conducted in English.
829 Naval Air Squadron
829 Naval Air Squadron (829 NAS), also referred to as 829 Squadron, was a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom’s Royal Navy (RN). Before it was decommissioned in March 2018, it operated the AgustaWestland Merlin HM2 helicopter.

The squadron was active twice during the Second World War and operated Fairey Albacore, Fairey Swordfish and Fairey Barracuda. It reformed in 1964 and flew Westland Wasp, Westland Whirlwind, Westland Wessex and Westland Lynx helicopters until 1993. It reformed again in 2004 with AgustaWestland Merlin HM1.

HMS Gloucester (D96)
HMS Gloucester was a Batch 3 Type 42 destroyer of the Royal Navy, built by Vosper Thorneycroft at Woolston, Southampton and launched on 2 November 1982 by The Duchess of Gloucester. Gloucester was one of the modified last four of the class to be built, having a lengthened hull design giving better seakeeping qualities, greater endurance and an external 'strake' to counter longitudinal cracking, seen on earlier ships of the type.
A True Novel
A True Novel (本格小説, Honkaku Shōsetsu) is a novel by Japanese author Minae Mizumura. It is a loose retelling of Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights set in post-World War II Japan. The novel was first serialized in the Japanese monthly literary journal Shinchō from January 2001 to January 2002. It was published in two volumes by Shinchosha in September 2002 and won the Yomiuri Prize for Literature in 2003. The English translation by Juliet Winters Carpenter was published in two volumes by Other Press in November 2013, as part of the Japanese Literature Publishing Project initiated by the Agency for Cultural Affairs. It won the Next Generation Indie Book Awards' Grand Prize in Fiction in 2014.

Other Press
Other Press is an independent publisher of literary fiction and non-fiction, based in New York City.  Founded in 1998 to publish academic and psychoanalytic titles, Other Press has since expanded to publish novels, short stories, nonfiction, poetry, and memoirs. Dedicated to publishing literature at its finest, Other Press emphasizes storytelling and exploring the limits of knowledge and imagination.
Heclahamna
Heclahamna is a natural harbour in Ny-Friesland at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It is located south of Crozierpynten, at the eastern side of Sorgfjorden. The harbour is named after the British naval vessel Hecla from Parry's 1827 expedition. Swedish members of the Swedish-Russian Arc-of-Meridian Expedition built a land station at this site, and overwintered there from 1899 to 1900.

Swedish–Russian Arc-of-Meridian Expedition
The Swedish–Russian Arc-of-Meridian expedition was a scientific expedition to Svalbard that took place from 1899 to 1902. The main purpose of the mission was to measure a meridian arc, in order to determine the earth flattening at the poles.

The measurements were done by establishing a chain of triangulation points from Keilhaufjellet in Sørkapp Land to Vesle Tavleøya north of Nordaustlandet. The Russians were responsible for the southern measurements, while the Swedes performed the northern measurements from a base at Crozierpynten on the eastern side of Sorgfjorden.

A total arc of 4° 10' was measured.

The expedition also took the first photographs of the aurora.
Psychogeography
Psychogeography is the exploration of urban environments that emphasizes interpersonal connections to places and arbitrary routes. It was developed by members of the Letterist International and Situationist International, which were revolutionary groups influenced by Marxist and anarchist theory as well as the attitudes and methods of Dadaists and Surrealists.

In 1955, Guy Debord defined psychogeography as "the study of the precise laws and specific effects of the geographical environment, consciously organized or not, on the emotions and behavior of individuals." The key tactic for exploring psychogeography is the loosely defined urban walking practice known as the dérive. As a practice and theory, psychogeography has influenced a broad set of cultural actors, including artists, activists and academics.

Asger Jorn
Asger Oluf Jorn (3 March 1914 – 1 May 1973) was a Danish painter, sculptor, ceramic artist, and author. He was a founding member of the avant-garde movement COBRA and the Situationist International.

The largest collection of Jorn's works—including his major work Stalingrad—can be seen in the Museum Jorn, Silkeborg, Denmark. Jorn willed his property and the works of art located inside to the Municipality of Albissola Marina (Savona), so the Italian museum called "Casa Museo Jorn" was created for displaying his works.
Monte Terza Grande
Monte Terza Grande (2,586 m) is a mountain of the Carnic Alps in Belluno, Veneto in north-eastern Italy. It is the highest mountain of the Southern Carnics and is part of a small Dolomitic group known as the "Dolomiti Pesarine". It resembles a pyramid from the north and south and a rocky massif from the east or west, and boasts a northwest face that is one kilometre high. It was first climbed in 1820.

Province of Belluno
The province of Belluno (Italian: provincia di Belluno; Austrian German: provinz Belluno; Ladin: provinzia de Belum) is a province in the region of Veneto in Italy. Its capital is the city of Belluno.

It has a population of 197,708 in an area of 3,610 square kilometres (1,390 mi2) across its 61 municipalities.
William F. Mahar Jr.
William Francis Mahar, Jr. (born February 13, 1947) is an American politician.

Born in Chicago Heights, Illinois, Mahar served in the United States Army from 1970 to 1972. He received his bachelor's degree in psychology from Southern Illinois University and his master's degree in personnel services from Purdue University. He lived in Homewood, Illinois and served on the Homewood village board.

Mahar served in the Illinois Senate from 1985 to 2003 and was a Republican. His father William F. Mahar Sr. also served in the Illinois General Assembly.

Chicago Heights, Illinois
Chicago Heights is a city in Cook County, Illinois, United States. The population was 27,480 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 26,533 in 2024. A southern suburb in the Chicago metropolitan area, its nicknames include "The Crossroads of the Nation" and "Da Heights”.
1997 Ameritech Cup – Doubles
Lisa Raymond and Rennae Stubbs were the defending champions but lost in the first round to Katrina Adams and Debbie Graham.

Alexandra Fusai and Nathalie Tauziat won in the final 6–3, 6–2 against Lindsay Davenport and Monica Seles.

Debbie Graham
Debbie Graham or Debbie Graham Shaffer (born August 25, 1970) is a retired tennis player from the United States.

She was awarded the "Most Impressive Newcomer" by WTA in 1992. She was a "High Performance Coach" for women with the USTA at the USTA Training Center in Carson, California.

She is the director of Little Aces Tennis, where she is teaching children to play tennis with low compression balls, smaller rackets, and smaller nets.

Graham played college tennis for Stanford University. She won the Broderick Award (now the Honda Sports Award) as the nation's top collegiate tennis player in 1990. She was inducted into the Stanford Hall of Fame in 1997 for winning NCAAA singles her sophomore year and only losing one match on an undefeated team.
1921–22 County Antrim Shield
The 1921–22 County Antrim Shield was the 33rd edition of the County Antrim Shield, a cup competition in Northern Irish football.

Linfield won the tournament for the 9th time, defeating Distillery 4–1 in the final replay at Solitude, after the original final at The Oval ended in a 1–1 draw.

Lisburn Distillery F.C.
Lisburn Distillery Football Club is a Northern Irish intermediate football club who are based in Ballyskeagh, Lisburn. A founder member of the Irish League, they currently play in the NIFL Premier Intermediate League, the third tier of the Northern Ireland Football League. The club was simply known as Distillery Football Club from 1880 to 1999.
Evanescent field
In electromagnetics, an evanescent field, or evanescent wave, is an oscillating electric and/or magnetic field that  does not propagate as an electromagnetic wave but whose energy is spatially concentrated in the vicinity of the source (oscillating charges and currents). Even when there is a propagating electromagnetic wave produced (e.g., by a transmitting antenna), one can still identify as an evanescent field the component of the electric or magnetic field that cannot be attributed to the propagating wave observed at a distance of many wavelengths (such as the far field of a transmitting antenna).

A hallmark of an evanescent field is that there is no net energy flow in that region. Since the net flow of electromagnetic energy is given by the average Poynting vector, this means that the Poynting vector in these regions, as averaged over a complete oscillation cycle, is zero.

Wave vector
In physics, a wave vector (or wavevector) is a vector used in describing a wave, with a typical unit being cycle per metre. It has a magnitude and direction. Its magnitude is the wavenumber of the wave (inversely proportional to the wavelength), and its direction is perpendicular to the wavefront.  In isotropic media, this is also the direction of wave propagation.

A closely related vector is the angular wave vector (or angular wavevector), with a typical unit being radian per metre.  The wave vector and angular wave vector are related by a fixed constant of proportionality, 2π radians per cycle.

It is common in several fields of physics to refer to the angular wave vector simply as the wave vector, in contrast to, for example, crystallography.  It is also common to use the symbol k for whichever is in use.

In the context of special relativity, a wave four-vector can be defined, combining the (angular) wave vector and (angular) frequency.
Klaudia Taev
Klaudia Taev (13 April 1906 in Saaremaa – 7 June 1985 in Pärnu) was an Estonian vocal pedagogue.

Born into a teacher's family on the Estonian island of Saaremaa, she studied as an opera singer at the Tallinn Conservatoire, under the tutorage of Aino Tamm, the first professional opera singer in Estonia.

During World War II, she taught singing in Yaroslavl, and her students included the famous Estonian baritone, Georg Ots. Later, other well-known Estonian singers Urve Tauts, Silvia Vestmann, Hans Miilberg, Viktor Gurjev, Asta Vihandi studied under her.

Taev died on 7 June 1985, due to an illness. She is remembered through an international competition for opera singers named after her - the Klaudia Taev Competition.

Urve Tauts
Urve Tauts (born 2 November 1935 in Pärnu) is an Estonian opera singer (mezzo-soprano).

In 1963, she graduated from Tallinn State Conservatory in singing specialty.

1960–2001, she was the soloist in Estonian National Opera.

1974–1978, she taught singing at Georg Ots Tallinn Music School and 1978–2002 at Tallinn State Conservatory (later Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre).
La Plana - Picamoixons railway station
La Plana – Picamoixons is a railway station owned by adif located in the town of Picamoixons in the municipality of Valls, in the comarca of Alt Camp. The station is on the Tarragona-Reus-Lleida line, and it is served by trains of the R13 and R14 lines of the Rodalies de Catalunya, operated by Renfe Operadora.

This station entered service in 1863 when the section built by the Reus to Montblanc Railway Company between the Reus (1856) and Montblanc went into operation.

Despite not being close to a significant population center, the station is of certain importance, as it is here that the line to Lleida bifurcates, one branch going to Reus and Tarragona and the other to Valls and Sant Vicenç de Calders.

In 2016, the station recorded the entry of 6,000 passengers.

Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias
ADIF (Spanish: [aˈðif], an acronym of Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias) is a Spanish state-owned railway infrastructure manager.  This state owned company reports to the Ministry of Transport and Sustainable Mobility. ADIF is charged with the management of most of Spain's railway infrastructure, that is the track, signaling and stations. It was formed in 2005 in response to European Union requirements to separate the natural monopoly of infrastructure management from the competitive operations of running train services. It is the legal successor of Renfe, Feve (Ferrocarriles de Vía Estrecha), and GIF (Gestor de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias).
Nizhniye Vyazovye
Nizhniye Vyazovye (Russian: Ни́жние Вязовы́е; Tatar: Карамалы Тау) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Zelenodolsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located on the right bank of the Volga River (Kuybyshev Reservoir), 6 kilometers (3.7 mi) west of Zelenodolsk, the administrative center of the district. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 8,048.

Zelenodolsk, Republic of Tatarstan
Zelenodolsk (Russian: Зеленодо́льск; Tatar: Яшел Үзән; Mari: Парат) is a town in Tatarstan, Russia, located in the northwest of the republic on the left bank of the Volga River, 38 kilometers (24 mi) from Kazan. Population:  97,674 (2010 census); 100,139 (2002 census); 94,079 (1989 Soviet census).