hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Hanging on Union Square
The Hanging on Union Square: An American Epic is a novel by Chinese American author H.T. Tsiang, originally self-published in 1935. The story is about a man called "Mr. Nut" who sits in a cafeteria, and listens to the problems of the people around him. Mr. Nut himself is unemployed, however feels as though his condition is temporary and dreams of striking it rich. Throughout the story, the reader sees Mr. Nut transforming into a radical activist. The book shows multiple facets of the social strata within the streets of Greenwich Village. The first edition was self-published in 1935, after being rejected from numerous publishers. Tsiang places numerous rejection letters in the opening pages of the novel. True to Tsiang's radical aesthetic, the original copy does not show the title of the book, instead questioning what a book cover really is: “the cover of a book / is more of a book / than the book is a book.” The book was published in 2013 by Kaya Press, and edited by Floyd Cheung.

Self-publishing
Self-publishing is an author-driven publication of any media without the involvement of a third-party publisher. Since the advent of the internet, self-publishing usually depends on digital platforms and print-on-demand technology, ranging from physical books to eBooks. Examples include magazines, print-on-demand books, music albums, pamphlets, brochures, video games, video content, artwork, zines, and web fiction. Self-publishing is an alternative to traditional publishing that has implications for production, cost and revenue, distribution, and public perception.
Operation Hot Winter
In February 2008, the Israel Defense Forces launched Operation Hot Winter (Hebrew: מבצע חורף חם, romanized: Mivtza Horef Ham), also called Operation Warm Winter, in the Gaza Strip, starting on February 29, 2008 in response to Qassam rockets fired from the Strip by Hamas onto Israeli civilians. At least 112 Palestinians, along with three Israelis, were killed, and more than 150 Palestinians and seven Israelis were injured.

There was some international concern over the scale of the operation, with the United States Department of State encouraging Israel to exercise caution to avoid the loss of innocent life, and the United Nations criticising Israel's "disproportionate use of force". The European Union demanded an immediate end to Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel and also Israel's "disproportionate use of force".

Qassam rocket
The Qassam rocket (Arabic: صاروخ القسام Ṣārūkh al-Qassām; also Kassam) is a simple, steel artillery rocket developed and deployed by the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military arm of Hamas.

Since the rocket was first manufactured in 2001 by Tito Masoud and Nidal Farhat, three models of the Qassam rocket have been produced and used. More generally, all types of Palestinian rockets fired into southern Israel, for example the Palestinian Islamic Jihad Al Quds rockets, are called Qassams by the Israeli media, and often by foreign media.

Leading international human rights organizations have called Palestinian armed groups' use of Qassam rockets against civilians and civilian targets a war crime and a violation of international law.

Many of the rocket's components are made of common materials such as sugar, fertilizer, firearms cartridges, springs, nails, and steel cylinders.
Mandangad fort
Mandangad Fort (also called Chitradurga Fort)
is about 2 km from Mandangad town in Ratnagiri District, Maharashtra. This fort is said to be constructed by King Bhoj. After the Mughals lost the Battle of Umberkhind, This fort was captured by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj in the battle with Adil Shah. A 400-year-old cannon is the major feature of the fort. The fort constitutes a Ganapati Temple and a tank called Thorla Talav.

It consists of three separate fortifications - Mandangad proper to the south, Parkot in the middle while Jamba in the north. The Jamba water reservoir is now dry. Even though they are believed be much older, local legend attributes Mandangad to Shivaji, Parkot to Habshi of the Siddis and Jamba to Kanhoji Angre(also called Angria). All three forts were captured in 1818 by Col. Kennedy.

Kanhoji Angre
Kanhoji Angre ([kanʱod͡ʒiː aːŋɡɾe]), also known as Conajee Angria or Sarkhel Angré (August 1669 – 4 July 1729) was a Maratha Navy admiral. Kanhoji became known for attacking and capturing European East Indiamen and collecting jakat (known to locals as taxes), seen by Europeans traders and colonists  as ransoming of their crews. British, Dutch, and Portuguese ships often fell victims to these raids. Despite attempts by the Portuguese and British to put an end to his privateering activities, Angre continued to capture and collect jakat from European merchant ships until his death in 1729. Kanhoji's naval prowess in capturing dozens of European trading ships and avoiding capture has led to many historians to appraise Kanhoji as the most skilled Indian navy chief in the maritime history of India.
Controversy and criticism of The X Factor (British TV series)
The X Factor in the UK has been subject to much controversy and criticism since its launch in 2004. This has included allegations of conflict of interest, voting irregularities and overcharging, product placement for sponsors, staging scenes, use of pitch correction technology, and exploiting vulnerable contestants. The series has also been criticised for developing singers as marketable products rather than creative individuals. As of April 2020, there have been fifteen completed series broadcast on the ITV network, as well as spin-offs The X Factor: Celebrity (2019) and The X Factor: The Band (2019).

Ofcom
The Office of Communications (Ofcom) is the government-approved regulatory and competition authority for the broadcasting, internet, telecommunications and postal industries of the United Kingdom.

Ofcom has wide-ranging powers across the television, radio, telecoms, internet and postal sectors. It has a statutory duty to represent the interests of citizens and consumers by promoting competition and protecting the public from harmful or offensive material.

Some of the main areas Ofcom regulates are TV and radio standards, broadband and phones, video-sharing platforms online, the wireless spectrum and postal services.

The regulator was initially established by the Office of Communications Act 2002 (c. 11) and received its full authority from the Communications Act 2003 (c. 21).
Sir Basil Dixwell, 1st Baronet
Sir Basil Dixwell, 1st Baronet (1585-1642), of Terlingham, Folkestone, Kent; formerly of Canterbury, Kent; later of Broome Park, Barham, Kent, was an English Member of Parliament (MP).

He was a Member of the Parliament of England for Hythe in 1626. He was the uncle of regicide, John Dixwell.

Barham, Kent
Barham /ˈbærəm/ ⓘ BARR-əm is a village and civil parish in the City of Canterbury district of Kent, England. Barham village is approximately 6 miles (10 km) south-east from Canterbury and 8 miles (13 km) north from Folkestone.
LAM Museum
LAM Museum (Lisser Art Museum) is an art museum in Lisse, the Netherlands, with a focus on art related to food. The museum is located in the flower garden of Keukenhof. It opened in 2019.

The collection includes works by artists Renzo Martens, Yinka Shonibare, Ron Mueck, Uta Eisenreich, George Belzer, Peter Anton, Stefan Gross, and Itamar Gilboa, who recorded in porcelain what he ate and drank for a year.

Renzo Martens
Renzo Martens (born 1973 in Terneuzen) is a Dutch artist who currently lives and works in Amsterdam and Kinshasa. Martens became known for his controversial work, including Episode III: Enjoy Poverty (2008), a documentary that suggests that the Congo markets its poverty as a natural resource. In 2010 Renzo Martens initiated the art institute Human Activities that postulates a gentrification program on a palm oil plantation in the Congolese rainforest.
2015–16 CS Constantine season
In the 2015–16 season, CS Constantine competed in the Ligue 1 for the 20th season, as well as the Algerian Cup. The National Well Works Company (ENTP), regional leader in drilling whose head office is in Hassi Messaoud, also part of the giant oil group Sonatrach, will officially take over from Tassili Airlines. This change is motivated by the financial problems encountered by Tassili Airlines and ENTP with share capital of 14,800,000,000 DA, bought the majority of the shares of the SSPA/CS Constantine.

Domestic Airlines
Domestic Airlines (Arabic: طيران الطاسيلي) formerly Tassili Airlines, is an Algerian passenger airline based in Algiers. Following a strategic restructuring in 2025, it operates as a wholly owned subsidiary of Air Algérie, the national flag carrier.

Originally founded in 1998 to serve the Algerian oil industry, operating charter and shuttle services domestically and internationally. The airline eventually transitioned to a scheduled carrier. Following its acquisition by Air Algérie in June 2025, it was rebranded as Domestic Airlines to serve as the group's regional and domestic specialist arm.
Diane Leblanc
Diane Leblanc (born 9 December 1954) is a publicist and politician in Quebec. She served as a member of the National Assembly of Quebec for the Quebec Liberal Party, representing Beauce-Sud from 1997 to 2007.

Quebec Liberal Party
The Quebec Liberal Party (QLP; French: Parti libéral du Québec [paʁti libeʁal dy kebɛk], PLQ) is a provincial political party in Quebec. It has been independent of the federal Liberal Party of Canada since 1955.

The QLP has traditionally supported a form of Quebec federalist ideology with nuanced Canadian nationalist tones that supports Quebec remaining within the Canadian federation, while also supporting reforms that would allow substantial autonomism in Quebec. In the context of federal Canadian politics, it is a more centrist party when compared to Conservative and Liberal parties in other provinces, such as the former British Columbia Liberal Party.
Oviedo Cathedral
The Metropolitan Cathedral Basilica of the Holy Saviour or Cathedral of San Salvador (Spanish: Catedral Metropolitana Basílica de San Salvador, Latin: Sancta Ovetensis) is a Roman Catholic church and minor basilica in the centre of Oviedo, in the Asturias region of northern Spain.

The Cathedral of San Salvador of Oviedo today displays an array of architectural styles, from Pre-Romanesque to Baroque, including Romanesque, Gothic and Renaissance parts.

Alfonso II of Asturias
Alfonso II of Asturias (c. 760 – 842), nicknamed the Chaste (Spanish: el Casto), was the king of Asturias during two different periods: first in the year 783 and later from 791 until his death in 842. Upon his death, Nepotian, a family member of undetermined relation, attempted to usurp the crown in place of the future Ramiro I.

During his reign, which covered a span of 51 years, Alfonso discovered the supposed tomb of St. James the Great (called Santiago in Spanish) in the town of Compostela, which later became known as the city of Santiago de Compostela. He was the son of Fruela I and Munia, a Basque woman captured and brought back to Asturias by the former following a military campaign.
Clanculus margaritarius
Clanculus margaritarius, common name the beautiful clanculus, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.

Clanculus margaritarius multipunctatus Jansen, 1995: synonym of Clanculus multipunctatus Jansen, 1995

Trochidae
The Trochidae, common name top-snails or top-shells, are a family of various sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subclass Vetigastropoda. This family is commonly known as the top-snails because in many species the shell resembles a toy spinning top.
Mitrofan Dovnar-Zapolsky
Mitrofan Viktorovich Dovnar-Zapol'skiy (Belarusian: Мітрафан Віктаравіч Доўнар-Запольскі, Russian: Митрофан Викторович Довнар-Запольский; 14 June [O.S. 2 June] 1867, Rechytsa, Minsk Governorate – 30 September 1934, Moscow) was a historian, ethnographer, and diplomat of Belarusian origin. He hailed from the family of land-less smaller nobility and was the son of Collegiate Secretary.

He was the author of more than 150 works on the history of Kievan Rus', Muscovy, 19th-century Russia, Lithuania and Belarus, on the social-political movement, peasants' question and the ethnography of Belarus. Notably, the majority of his works were of a scientific-analytical nature. He extensively sourced his works on the materials from more than 20 archives in Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Kyiv, Vilna, Warsaw, Kraków, Lviv, Kostroma, Yaroslavl, Novgorod, Nyasvizh etc. Many of his works remain unpublished. He was awarded the Order of Saint Vladimir 4th grade (April 1916) for his scientific work.

Veliky Novgorod
Veliky Novgorod (/vəˈliːki ˈnɒvɡərɒd/ ⓘ və-LEE-kee NOV-gə-rod; Russian: Великий Новгород, IPA: [vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj ˈnovɡərət]; lit. 'Great Newtown'), also known simply as Novgorod (Новгород), is the largest city and administrative centre of Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is one of the oldest cities in Russia, being first mentioned in the 9th century. The city lies along the Volkhov River just downstream from its outflow from Lake Ilmen and is situated on the M10 federal highway connecting Moscow and Saint Petersburg. UNESCO recognized Novgorod as a World Heritage Site in 1992. The city has a population of 224,286 (2021 census).

At its peak during the 14th century, the city was the capital of the Novgorod Republic and was one of Europe's largest cities. The "Великий" (Veliky) part was added to the city's name in 1999.
George B. Perkins
George B. Perkins (August 11, 1874 – October 4, 1955) was an American businessman and politician.

Born in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, Perkins went to the Fond du Lac public schools. In 1896, Perkins moved to Sac City, Iowa. He was the president of the First National Bank of Sac City. Perkins served as mayor of Sac City. He also served on the Sac City Independent School District board and served as the school board treasurer. Perkins also served as clerk of courts for Sac County, Iowa. From 1919 to 1923, Perkins served in the Iowa House of Representatives and was a Republican. He then served in the Iowa State Senate from 1923 to 1927. Perkins died at Loring Hospital in Sac City, Iowa following a heart attack.

Iowa House of Representatives
41°35′28″N 93°36′14″W﻿ / ﻿41.591°N 93.604°W﻿ / 41.591; -93.604

The Iowa House of Representatives is the lower house of the Iowa General Assembly, the upper house being the Iowa Senate. There are 100 seats in the Iowa House of Representatives, representing 100 single-member districts across the state, formed by dividing the 50 Senate districts in half. Each district has a population of approximately 30,464 as of the 2010 United States census. The House of Representatives meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines.

Unlike the upper house, the Iowa Senate, state House representatives serve two-year terms with the whole chamber up for re-election in even-numbered years. There are no term limits for the House.
Sharanabasappa Darshanapur
Sharanabasappa Gouda Darshanapur, also known as Sharanabasappa Darshanapur (born 3 March 1961) is an Indian politician, He was born in Darshanapur village in shahapur taluk, Shahapur in Yadgir District, Karnataka. He is currently serving as the Member of Karnataka Legislative Assembly from Shahapur. He is a member of the Indian National Congress. He is a Civil Engineer graduate from PDA Engineering college in Gulbarga.

Karnataka Legislative Assembly
The Karnataka Legislative Assembly (formerly the Mysore Legislative Assembly) is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of the southern Indian state of Karnataka. Karnataka is one of the six states in India where the state legislature is bicameral, comprising two houses: the Vidhan Sabha (lower house) and the Vidhan Parishad (upper house).

There are 224 Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) and are directly elected  through adult franchise. Karnataka is thus divided into 224 constituencies to elect members to the Assembly, each constituency electing one member. The assembly is elected using the simple plurality or "first past the post" electoral system. The elections are conducted by the Election Commission of India.
History of Post-Communist Albania
In 1991, the Socialist Party of Albania, with specific social democratic ideology took control of the country through democratic elections. One year later the Democratic Party of Albania won the new elections. After 1990, Albania has been seeking a closer relationship with the West. What followed were deliberate programs of economic and democratic reform, but the implementation of capitalism led to the proliferation of pyramid schemes. Chaos in late 1996 to early 1997, as a result of the collapse of these pyramid schemes, alarmed the world and prompted the influx of international peacekeeping forces. In 1995, Albania was accepted into the Council of Europe and requested membership in NATO (obtained in 2009) and is a potential candidate country for accession to the European Union. The workforce of Albania has continued to emigrate to Western countries, especially Greece and Italy.

Tritan Shehu
Tritan Shehu is a member of the Assembly of the Republic of Albania for the Democratic Party of Albania. He was minister of foreign affairs from July 11, 1996 to April 12, 1997, minister of health from 1993 to 1996, and Vice Prime Minister of Albania from 1996 to 1997. Shehu also served as president of the Commission of Health in the Assembly of the Republic of Albania from 2005 to 2013. He is currently vice rector at the Catholic University "Our Lady of Good Counsel" (Albanian: Universiteti Katolik "Zoja e Këshillit të Mirë") and president of the Anesthesy and Reanimation Order in Albania.
Trigonalidae
Trigonalidae is a family of parasitic wasps in the suborder Apocrita. They are the only living members of the superfamily Trigonaloidea.  Trigonalidae are divided into 2 subfamilies; Orthogonalinae and Trigonalinae. These wasps are extremely rare, but surprisingly diverse, with over 90 species in 16 genera, and are known from all parts of the world. It is possibly the sister group to all Aculeata.

Aculeata
Aculeata is an infraorder of Hymenoptera containing ants, bees, and stinging wasps. The name is a reference to the defining feature of the group, which is the modification of the ovipositor into a stinger. However, many members of the group cannot sting, either retaining the ovipositor, or having lost it altogether. A large part of the clade is parasitic.

This group includes all of the eusocial Hymenopterans.

The oldest aculeates are known from the Late Jurassic Karabastau Formation of Kazakhstan, represented by the family Bethylonymidae, which may be para- or polyphyletic.
Benevento–Campobasso railway
The Benevento–Campobasso railway (also known as the Samnium railway) is a secondary Italian railway line in Campania and Molise connecting Benevento with Campobasso of Samnium. Planned as an alternative to the Naples–Foggia railway to connect the Tyrrhenian Sea to the Adriatic Sea, but later deemed very slow and therefore uncompetitive, it has never been affected by large volumes of traffic.

The main interchange centres with other lines are the two terminuses; at the Bosco Redole railway station there is also the junction to Isernia, but this station has been closed.

Molise
Molise (UK: /mɒˈliːzeɪ/ mol-EE-zay, US: /ˈmoʊlizeɪ, moʊˈliːzeɪ/ MOH-lee-zay, moh-LEE-zay;Italian: [moˈliːze]) is an administrative region of Italy that covers 4,460.65 km2 (1,722 sq mi), thus being the second smallest region in the country after Aosta Valley; it is located in southern Italy, and has a population of 287,966 as of 2025. Its regional capital is Campobasso, which is also the capital of the Province of Campobasso, one of the two provinces that make up Molise. The other one is the Province of Isernia.

The region was born in 1963 from the division with Abruzzo, with which it formed the region of Abruzzi e Molise.

Molise's small size and relative obscurity led it to become the subject of a popular meme "Molise doesn't exist".
The Killdares
The Killdares were a Dallas celtic rock group formed in 1996. The group released five studio albums and two live music projects; the live CD LIVE from 2002 and live DVD/dual CD combo Up Against the Lights in 2010. The Killdares played many local Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex festivals, including Taste Addison, MayFest, Texas Scottish Festival and Highland Games, Wildflower! Arts and Music Festival, and Grapefest, and were featured at the State Fair of Texas for seventeen years. The band retired in November 2016 after 20 years of performing.

Addison, Texas
Addison is an incorporated town in Dallas County, Texas, United States. The 2020 census population was 16,661. Addison is immediately north of Dallas.

Addison and Flower Mound were the only two Texas municipalities labeled "towns" with a population greater than 10,000 at the 2010 census; since then the municipalities of Prosper and Trophy Club—also identifying as towns—have also exceeded 10,000 in population estimates.
Kasey Shepherd
Kasey Juwan Shepherd (born June 5, 1994) is an American professional basketball player who plays as a guard for KK Bosna BH Telecom of the Bosnian League and the ABA League. He has competed for multiple clubs across Europe since beginning his professional career in 2017, including in Montenegro, Hungary, Georgia, Ukraine, Turkey, Romania, Israel and Russia.

Basketball Championship of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Basketball Championship of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the top–tier men's professional basketball league in Bosnia and Herzegovina for men and women, respectively. The league is operated by the Basketball Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Eternity (Alibi song)
"Eternity" is a song by Dutch disc jockeys and producers Armin van Buuren and DJ Tiësto under the alias Alibi. It was released in on 21 June 2000 in the Netherlands on Armind as 12" vinyl and CD single. It is the second single from DJ Tiësto's compilation album Magik Five: Heaven Beyond.

The track was supported by Paul van Dyk who played it at Love Parade and decided to sign it on his label Vandit Records.

Twelve-inch single
The twelve-inch single (often written as 12-inch or 12″) is a type of vinyl (polyvinyl chloride or PVC) gramophone record that has wider groove spacing and shorter playing time with a "single" or a few related sound tracks on each surface, compared to LPs (long play) which have several songs on each side. It is named for its 12-inch (30 cm) diameter that was intended for LPs. This technical adaptation allows for louder levels to be cut on the disc by the mastering engineer, which in turn gives a wider dynamic range, and thus better sound quality. This record type, which is claimed to have been accidentally discovered by Tom Moulton, is commonly used in disco and dance music genres, where DJs use them to play in clubs. They are played at either 33+1⁄3 or 45 revolutions per minute (rpm). The conventional 7-inch single usually holds three or four minutes of music at full volume. The 12-inch LP sacrifices volume for extended playing time.
Benina
Benina is a suburban borough ( formerly Basic People's Congress) and an administrative division of Benghazi, Libya. It contains the Benina International Airport. Benina contains at least 5 mosques and Benghazi International Airport. It is also the location for the Benina Martyrs Football Stadium which is open for international games as certified by CAF

Basic People's Congress (administrative division)
Basic People's Congress (Arabic: مؤتمر شعبي أساسي, romanized: Mu'tamar shaʿbi asāsi) was the primary administrative division in Libya under the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011. It corresponded approximately to the level of a township or borough.

During Muammar Gaddafi's rule, political caucuses and committees of the Basic People's Congress operated at this level.  Representatives from the Basic People's Congresses regulated operations at the higher shabiyah (district) level.

In July 2013 the shabiyat and Basic People's Congress system was replaced with a new baladiyat system of ninety-nine first-level administrative divisions.