hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1988 Polish strikes
The 1988 Polish strikes were a massive wave of workers' strikes which broke out from 21 April 1988 in the Polish People's Republic.

The strikes, as well as street demonstrations, continued throughout spring and summer, ending in early September 1988. These actions shook the Communist regime of the country to such an extent that it was forced to begin talking about recognising Solidarity. As a result, later that year, the regime decided to negotiate with the opposition, which opened way for the 1989 Round Table Agreement. The second, much bigger wave of strikes (August 1988) surprised both the government, and top leaders of Solidarity, who were not expecting actions of such intensity. These strikes were mostly organized by local activists, who had no idea that their leaders from Warsaw had already started secret negotiations with the Communists.

Czesław Kiszczak
Czesław Jan Kiszczak (Polish pronunciation: [ˈt͡ʂɛswaf ˈkʲiʂt͡ʂak] ⓘ; 19 October 1925 – 5 November 2015) was a Polish general, communist-era interior minister (1981–1990) and prime minister (1989).

In 1981 he played a key role in imposing martial law and suppression of the Solidarity movement in Poland. But eight years later he presided over the country's transition to democracy as its last communist prime minister and a co-chairman of the Round Table conference, in which officials of the ruling Polish United Workers' Party faced the democratic opposition leaders. The conference led to the reconciliation with and reinstatement of Solidarity, the 1989 elections, and the formation of Poland's first non-communist government since 1945.
Chika Chika Chicks
Chicks to Chicks (later Chika Chika Chicks) is a Philippine television sitcom series broadcast by IBC and ABS-CBN. Directed by Ading Fernando and Johnny Manahan, it stars Freddie Webb and Nova Villa. It aired on IBC from 1979 to February 25, 1987. The show moved to ABS-CBN from March 4, 1987 to 1991. The sitcom is about a married couple who lived with a bevy of stunning and sexy models in their house as boarders. It chronicled the day-to-day activities of a middle-class family with their dreams, ambitions and values. The sitcom is best known for inventing the Filipino term manyakis (manyak sa kiss, Filipino slang for "kissing maniac") by Chito Arceo's character, Chiqui.

Carmi Martin
Carmita Martin (born August 9, 1963) is a Filipino actress, model, and comedian.

Martin has acted in many film and TV projects over the years. She reached new audiences in the 2010s and 2020s with roles in the films In the Name of Love, No Other Woman, Working Girls, and Four Sisters and a Wedding. In 2017, she returned to a television role with ABS-CBN in The Better Half. In 2018, Martin starred in Since I Met You, and in 2022 joined the sitcom Happy ToGetHer with John Lloyd Cruz.
Eloise (Paul Ryan song)
"Eloise" is a song first released in 1968 on the MGM label. It was performed by English singer Barry Ryan and written by his twin brother, Paul Ryan. Running for over five minutes, it features strong orchestration, melodramatic vocals, and a brief slow interlude. It sold three million copies worldwide, and reached No. 2 in the UK Singles Chart as published by Record Retailer, but hit No. 1 in the NME and Melody Maker charts. It topped the chart in 17 countries, including Italy, the Netherlands and Australia.

The single was released as "Barry Ryan with the Majority". The Majority were a pop band who, for a period, were the backing band for Ryan and who, after renaming to Majority One, had some success in Europe. Ryan also released an Italian-language version of the song, "Eloise (Versione Italiana)", in 1968.

Record Retailer
Record Retailer was the only music trade newspaper for the UK record industry from 1959 to 1972. It was founded in August 1959 as a monthly newspaper covering both labels and dealers. Its founding editor was Roy Parker (who died on 27 December 1964). The title changed to Record Retailer and Music Industry News shortly after launch.

With its issue of 10 March 1960, Record Retailer became a weekly magazine and started a chart showing the top 50 records in sales. For the period until February 1969, when a standardised UK chart was established with the British Market Research Bureau, the Official Charts Company recognises the listings compiled by Record Retailer as representing the official national chart.

On 5 October 1967 the title reverted to Record Retailer and in January 1971 became Record & Tape Retailer. The publication was relaunched on 18 March 1972 as Music Week.
John B. Thomas
John Bowman Thomas (July 14, 1925 – September 13, 2018) was an American electrical engineer, educator, and a professor at Princeton University. He received his Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1955. He was the adviser of numerous outstanding scientists, including Vincent Poor, Jack Wolf, Abraham H. Haddad, Dag Tjøstheim, Hisashi Kobayashi, Bob Kahn, Eugene Wong, and Oscar C. Au. His PhD adviser was Willis W. Harman, a President of IONS.

Abraham H. Haddad
Abraham H. Haddad is an Israeli control theorist and the Henry and Isabelle Dever Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States. Haddad is known for his contributions to the theory of hybrid systems.
Chawri Bazar
Chawri Bazar is a specialized wholesale market of brass, copper and paper products. Established in 1840, with a hardware market, it was the first wholesale market of Old Delhi it lies to the west of Jama Masjid in Delhi.

It can be reached by taking the street just near the middle projection of Jama Masjid's western (rear) wall. It was accessible via the Chawri Bazar underground station of the Delhi Metro.

Wholesaling
Wholesaling or distributing is the sale of goods or merchandise to retailers; to industrial, commercial, institutional or other professional business users; or to other wholesalers (wholesale businesses) and related subordinated services. In general, it is the sale of goods in bulk to anyone, either a person or an organization, other than the end consumer of that merchandise. Wholesaling involves purchasing goods in bulk, usually directly from the manufacturer or source, at a discounted rate. Retailers then sell these goods to end consumers at a higher price, generating a profit.

Traditionally, wholesalers were closer to the markets they supplied than the source from which they got the products. However, with the advent of the internet and e-procurement there is an increasing number of wholesalers located nearer to the manufacturers in China, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia. The profit margins of wholesalers depend largely on their ability to achieve market competitive transaction costs.
Suguru Ino
Suguru Ino (井野 卓, Ino Suguru; born November 23, 1983) is a Japanese former professional baseball catcher. He has played in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles, Yomiuri Giants and Tokyo Yakult Swallows.

On November 2, Ino announced his retirement.

Tokyo Yakult Swallows
The Tokyo Yakult Swallows (Japanese: 東京ヤクルトスワローズ, Hepburn: Tōkyō Yakuruto Suwarōzu) are a Japanese professional baseball team competing in Nippon Professional Baseball's Central League. Based in Shinjuku, Tokyo, they are one of two professional baseball teams in Tokyo, the other being the Yomiuri Giants. They have won nine Central League championships and six Japan Series championships. Since 1964, they have played their home games at Meiji Jingu Stadium.

The Swallows are named after their corporate owners, Yakult Honsha. From 1950 to 1965, the team was owned by the former Japanese National Railways (known as Kokutetsu (国鉄) in Japanese) and called the Kokutetsu Swallows; the team was then owned by the newspaper Sankei Shimbun from 1965 to 1968 and called the Sankei Atoms. Yakult purchased the team in 1970 and renamed it the Yakult Atoms, before renaming it again as the Yakult Swallows in 1974, and then the Tokyo Yakult Swallows in 2006.
John Allanson
John Allanson is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s. He played for the Western Suburbs Magpies from 1987 to 1988 and the Newcastle Knights from 1989 to 1990. He played for Country Origin in 1987 and 1990. Allanson is a life member of Stockton & Northern Districts Cricket Club.

Western Suburbs Magpies
The Western Suburbs Magpies (legal name: Western Suburbs District Rugby League Football Club Ltd) is an Australian rugby league football club based in the western suburbs of Sydney, New South Wales. Formed in 1908, Wests, as the club is commonly referred to, was one of the nine foundation clubs of the first New South Wales Rugby League competition in Australia. The club, as a sole entity, departed the top-flight competition in 1999 after forming a 50–50 joint venture with Balmain Tigers to form the Wests Tigers. The club currently fields sides in the NSW State Cup (Canterbury Cup), Ron Massey Cup (Opens), S.G. Ball Cup (Under 19's) and Harold Matthews Cup (Under 17's) competitions.

Campbelltown Stadium, which has a capacity of 18,000, is the club's home stadium.
Duhalde
The Basque surname Duhalde can refer to:

Alfredo Duhalde (1898–1985), ex-provisional Chilean president

Eduardo Duhalde (born 1941), Argentine president

Hilda de Duhalde (born 1946), Argentine Senator

Jean-Baptiste Du Halde (1674–1743), French jesuit, specialized in Chinese history

Margot Duhalde (1920–2018), Chilean pilot

Basques
The Basques are a Southwestern European ethnic group, characterised by the Basque language, a common culture, shared genetic ancestry to the ancient Vascones and Aquitanians, and are considered among the last remaining direct descendants of Neolithic Europeans populations in Europe. Basques are indigenous to, and primarily inhabit, an area traditionally known as the Basque Country (Basque: Euskal Herria)—a region that is located around the western end of the Pyrenees on the coast of the Bay of Biscay and straddles parts of north-central Spain and south-western France.
Rutherford Aris
Rutherford "Gus" Aris (September 15, 1929 – November 2, 2005) was a chemical engineer, control theorist, applied mathematician, and a regents professor emeritus of chemical engineering at the University of Minnesota (1958–2005).

Applied mathematics
Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, social science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge. The term "applied mathematics" also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical problems by formulating and studying mathematical models.

In the past, practical applications have motivated the development of mathematical theories, which then became the subject of study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake. The activity of applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics.
Uppal Kalan
Uppal is a neighbourhood in Eastern Hyderabad, Telangana, India. It is the mandal headquarters of Uppal mandal in Keesara revenue division in Medchal-Malkajgiri district. It forms Circle No.2 in the L. B. Nagar Zone of Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation. There are four wards i.e., Chilukanagar (7), Habsiguda (8), Ramanthapur (9) and Uppal (10) in this circle.

Medchal-Malkajgiri district
Medchal−Malkajgiri district is a district in the Indian state of Telangana. Shamirpet is the headquarter of the district. It is the second most populous district in the state with a population of 2.5 million and also 91.40% urbanized district in the state of Telangana, standing next only to Hyderabad district which has a population of 4 million. The district shares boundaries with Hyderabad, Medak, Sangareddy, Yadadri, Siddipet and Rangareddy districts.The most part of the district consist of Hyderabad City (GHMC)
East Los Angeles Cobras
The East Los Angeles Cobras were an American soccer team that played in East Los Angeles, California. They joined the USISL in 1993 and later became affiliated with the Los Angeles Salsa of the American Professional Soccer League. The Cobras moved to the USISL Pro League in 1995 and were temporarily renamed the Los Angeles Salsa U-23 as a replacement for the parent club.

United States Interregional Soccer League
The United States Interregional Soccer League (USISL) was a semi-professional men's outdoor soccer league that played six seasons from 1989 to 1994. It was the first outdoor league to be operated by the organization known today as the United Soccer League. Commencing play in 1989, it received Division 3 status from U.S. Soccer for its final season in 1994. It was split into the USISL Professional League and the amateur USISL Premier League in 1995. The Colorado Comets and Greensboro Dynamo were the most successful clubs in the league, winning two championships each.
Joana Mortágua
Joana Rodrigues Mortágua (born 24 June 1986) is a Portuguese politician. A member of the Left Bloc (Bloco de Esquerda), she has been a deputy in the Portuguese Assembly of the Republic since 2015, representing Setúbal.

Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)
The Assembly of the Republic (Portuguese: Assembleia da República, pronounced [ɐsẽˈblɐjɐ ðɐ ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ]), commonly referred to as simply Parliament (Portuguese: Parlamento), is the unicameral parliament of Portugal. According to the Constitution of Portugal, the parliament "is the representative assembly of all Portuguese citizens". The constitution names the assembly as one of the country's sovereignty bodies.

It meets in São Bento Palace, the historical site of an old Benedictine monastery. The palace has been the seat of the Portuguese parliaments since 1834 (Cortes until 1910, Congress from 1911 to 1926 and National Assembly from 1933 to 1974).
Jang Si-hwan
Jang Si-hwan (born November 1, 1987) is a South Korean professional baseball pitcher for the Hanwha Eagles of the KBO League. He has also played for the Hyundai Unicorns, the Nexen Heroes, and the Lotte Giants.

On November 21, 2019, he and Kim Hyun-woo, who were then members of the Lotte Giants, and Kim Joo-hyun and Ji Sung-joon, who were members of the Hanwha Eagles, moved to a 2:2 trade.

Lotte Giants
The Lotte Giants (Korean: 롯데 자이언츠) are a South Korean professional baseball team based in Busan. They are a member of the KBO League. The Lotte Giants are owned by Lotte Corporation.

From 1982 through 1985, they played at Gudeok Baseball Stadium and since then have played at Sajik Baseball Stadium. They have won the Korean Series twice, in 1984 and 1992. The team drew about 1.38 million spectators during the 2009 season, a record which remains as the highest attendance in a single season in any South Korean sports league. They are often called the Busan Seagulls (Korean: 부산 갈매기) because the official bird of the city of Busan is the seagull, and their main fight song is Moon Seung-jae's "Busan Seagulls".
Duke Ding of Lu
Duke Ding of Lu (Chinese: 魯定公; pinyin: Lǔ Dìng Gōng, 556 BC – 15 May 495 BC) was a ruler of the State of Lu during the Spring and Autumn period of ancient China. His ancestral name was Ji (姬), given name Song (宋), and Duke Ding was his posthumous title.

Since the reign of Duke Xuan of Lu, The politics of Lu had been dominated by multiple cadet branches of the ducal house, particularly the Three Huan: Jisun (季孫), Shusun (叔孫), and Mengsun (孟孫). Efforts of Confucius, who served as Duke Ding's Minister of Crime (大司寇), to curb the power of the Three Huan were met with failure. Eventual political differences and externally-fomented discord caused Confucius to go on exile, seeking to realize his ambitions elsewhere.

Posthumous name
A posthumous name is an honorary name given mainly to revered dead people in East Asian culture. It is predominantly used in Asian countries such as China, Korea, Vietnam, Japan,  Malaysia and Thailand. Reflecting on the person's accomplishments or reputation, the title is assigned after death and essentially replaces the name used during life. Although most posthumous names are given to royalty, some posthumous names are given to honor significant people without hereditary titles, such as courtiers or military generals.

To create a posthumous name, one or more adjectives are inserted before the deceased's title. The name of the state or domain of the owner may be added to avoid ambiguity.
James Bradshaw (1613–1685)
James Bradshaw (1613–1685) was an English clergyman and ejected minister.

James Bradshaw was born at Darcy Lever, near Bolton, Lancashire, and educated at Brasenose College, Oxford. He was presbyterian rector of Wigan, who in 1644 encouraged the siege of Lathom House by sermons from Jeremiah xv. 14, in which he compared Lathom's seven towers to the seven heads of the beast. He was superseded at Wigan by Charles Hotham for not observing the parliamentary fast, but called to Macclesfield, whence he was ejected in 1662. He preached at Houghton Chapel, and subsequently at Bradshaw Chapel, reading some of the prayers, but not subscribing. He died in 1685, aged 73, and was buried at Bolton on 26 February. He was succeeded by his eldest son, John Bradshaw.

Great Ejection
The Great Ejection followed the Act of Uniformity 1662 in England. Several thousand Puritan ministers were forced out of their positions in the Church of England following the Restoration of Charles II. It was a consequence (not necessarily an intended one) of the Savoy Conference of 1661.
2022 Andalucía Challenger – Men's doubles
Dominic Inglot and Matt Reid were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Roman Jebavý and Philipp Oswald won the title after defeating Hugo Nys and Jan Zieliński 7–6(8–6), 3–6, [10–3] in the final.

Roman Jebavý
Roman Jebavý (born 16 November 1989) is a Czech former professional tennis player. He is a doubles specialist who has won four ATP Tour doubles titles. He reached a career-high ranking in doubles of World No. 43 on 4 March 2019.
Group Selection (book)
Group Selection is a 1971 book edited by George C. Williams, containing papers written by biologists arguing against the view of group selection as a major force in evolution. The group of biologists writing on a single unified (if somewhat broad) theme contrasts with Williams' earlier seminal 1966 book Adaptation and Natural Selection, whose arguments Williams suspected to be his alone.  In particular it contains a reprint, with an erratum, of W.D. Hamilton's classic 1964 paper on inclusive fitness, "The Genetical Evolution of Social Behavior" plus a paper by John Maynard Smith entitled "The Origin and Maintenance of Sex" (pp 163–175), containing ideas on evolution of sex later developed by Maynard Smith; see especially his 1978 book The Evolution of Sex.

W. D. Hamilton
William Donald Hamilton FRS (1 August 1936 –  7 March 2000) was a British evolutionary biologist, recognised as one of the most significant evolutionary theorists of the 20th century. Hamilton became known for his theoretical work expounding a rigorous genetic basis for the existence of altruism, an insight that was a key part of the development of the gene-centered view of evolution. He is considered one of the forerunners of sociobiology. Hamilton published important work on sex ratios and the evolution of sex. From 1984 to his death in 2000, he was a Royal Society Research Professor at Oxford University.

Richard Dawkins has written that Hamilton was "the greatest Darwinian of my lifetime".
Louisiana's 77th House of Representatives district
Louisiana's 77th House of Representatives district is one of 105 Louisiana House of Representatives districts. It is currently represented by Republican Mark Wright of Covington. It was formerly represented by later Louisiana State Treasurer, John Schroder.

John Schroder
John Michael Schroder Sr. (born February 23, 1961) is an American businessman from Covington, Louisiana who served as state treasurer from 2017 to 2024. He was formerly a Republican member of the Louisiana House of Representatives for District 77 in St. Tammany Parish in suburban New Orleans.

Schroder was a candidate for Governor of Louisiana in 2023, receiving 5.3% of the vote coming in fourth place.
Fichera's existence principle
In mathematics, and particularly in functional analysis, Fichera's existence principle is an existence and uniqueness theorem for solution of functional equations, proved by Gaetano Fichera in 1954. More precisely, given a general vector space V and two linear maps from it onto two Banach spaces, the principle states necessary and sufficient conditions for a linear transformation between the two dual Banach spaces to be invertible for every vector in V.

Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica Francesco Severi
The Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica Francesco Severi, abbreviated as INdAM, is a government created non-profit research institution whose main purpose is to promote research in the field of mathematics and its applications and the diffusion of higher mathematical education in Italy.

Its founder and first president, later nominated life president, was Francesco Severi, who exerted also a major influence on the creation of the institute.
2005 Sharm El Sheikh bombings
The 2005 Sharm El Sheikh bombings were committed by Islamist group Abdullah Azzam Brigades on 23 July 2005 in the Egyptian resort city of Sharm El Sheikh, at the southern tip of the Sinai Peninsula. Eighty-eight people were killed by the three bombings, the majority of them Egyptians, and over 200 were injured, making the attack the deadliest terrorist action in the history of Egypt, until it was surpassed by the 2017 Sinai mosque attack.

The attack took place on Egypt's Revolution Day, a public holiday, and was part of a strategy of damaging tourism in the country, a major part of the economy.

After the attacks, many arrests took place, especially of the Bedouin in the Sinai, who allegedly aided the attack, and Egypt started erecting a separation barrier around the city, cutting it off from possible attacks and the nearby Bedouin community.

History of Egypt
Egypt, one of the world's oldest civilizations, was unified around 3150 BC by King Narmer. It later came under Persian, Greek, Roman, and Islamic rule before joining the Ottoman Empire in 1517. Controlled by Britain in the late 19th century, it became a republic in 1953. After several political transitions, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi currently leads the country.
John Fullonton
John Fullonton  (1812-1896) was an American pastor, academic and legislator.

Fullonton was born in Raymond, New Hampshire in 1812. He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1840, and from the Baptist Biblical School (later renamed Cobb Divinity School at Bates College) in Whitestown, New York, in 1849. Fullonton served as principal of North Parsonsfield Seminary in 1840 and of the Whitestown Seminary in 1843. Between 1851 and 1896 Fullonton served a professor and dean in the Free Baptist Theological School, first when it was attached to the New Hampton Institute and then Bates College since 1870. Fullonton received an honorary doctor of divinity from Dartmouth in 1862. Fullonton served as chaplain of the New Hampshire Legislature in 1863 and a member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives in 1867-1868.

New Hampton School
New Hampton School is an independent college preparatory high school in New Hampton, New Hampshire, United States. It has 330 students from over 30 states and 22 countries. The average class size is eleven, and the student-faculty ratio is five to one. New Hampton School does not require a uniform.

New Hampton School is a member of the Independent Schools Association of Northern New England and is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges. The school became an International Baccalaureate World School in 2010.