hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Morita conjectures
The Morita conjectures in general topology are certain problems about normal spaces, now solved in the affirmative. The conjectures, formulated by Kiiti Morita in 1976, asked

If  is normal for every normal space Y, is X a discrete space?

If   is normal for every normal P-space Y, is X metrizable?

If   is normal for every normal countably paracompact space Y, is X metrizable and sigma-locally compact?

The answers were believed to be affirmative. Here a normal P-space Y is characterised by the property that the product with every metrizable X is normal; thus the conjecture was that the converse holds.

Keiko Chiba, Teodor C. Przymusiński, and Mary Ellen Rudin proved conjecture (1) and showed that conjectures (2) and (3) cannot be proven false under the standard ZFC axioms for mathematics (specifically, that the conjectures hold under the axiom of constructibility V=L).

Fifteen years later, Zoltán Tibor Balogh succeeded in showing that conjectures (2) and (3) are true.

Σ-compact space
In mathematics, a topological space is said to be σ-compact if it is the union of countably many compact subspaces.

A space is said to be σ-locally compact if it is both σ-compact and (weakly) locally compact.  That terminology can be somewhat confusing as it does not fit the usual pattern of σ-(property) meaning a countable union of spaces satisfying (property); that's why such spaces are more commonly referred to explicitly as σ-compact (weakly) locally compact, which is also equivalent to being exhaustible by compact sets.
Staurothele elenkinii
Staurothele elenkinii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) lichen in the family Verrucariaceae. It was described as new to science by Ukrainian lichenologist Alfred Oxner in 1927, from the steppes of Ukraine. In 2013 it was recorded from the northeast Caucasus, in Russia. It is also widespread on dry rocks in the North American west, ranging from the Northwest Territories south to the southwestern United States. It grows on shales, sandstones, and calcareous rocks.

Calcareous
Calcareous (/kælˈkɛəriəs/) is an adjective meaning "mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate", in other words, containing lime or being chalky. The term is  used in a wide variety of scientific disciplines.
James Ruane
James Ruane is an Irish former Gaelic footballer who played for the Donegal county team.

Ruane won an Ulster Under-21 Football Championship with Donegal in 1995.

P. J. McGowan was the manager to introduce Ruane to the Donegal senior team.

He made a substitute appearance in the first game of Brian McEniff's last spell as Donegal manager, a league defeat to Galway in Tuam in February 2003. However, an ankle injury caused Ruane to miss the 2003 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship semi-final against Armagh.

Ruane also played for Donegal Boston.

Galway county football team
The Galway county football team (/ˈɡɔːlweɪ/ GAWL-way) represents Galway in men's Gaelic football and is governed by Galway GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Connacht Senior Football Championship and the National Football League.

Galway's home ground is Pearse Stadium, Salthill. The team's manager is Pádraic Joyce.

Galway was the first Connacht county to win an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC). It has nine All-Ireland SFCs, the third highest total after Kerry and Dublin. It won three consecutive All-Ireland SFCs in the mid-1960s and, from 1998 onwards, two All-Ireland SFC titles in four years. The team last won the Connacht Senior Championship in 2025, the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship in 2001 and the National League in 1981.
SS Wandle (1932)
SS Wandle was a British coastal collier owned and operated by the proprietors of Wandsworth gas works in south-west London. She was a flatiron, meaning that she had a low-profile superstructure, hinged funnel, hinged or telescopic mast and folding wheelhouse to enable her to pass under low bridges on the tidal River Thames upriver from the Pool of London. She was in service from 1932 to 1959 and survived a number of enemy attacks in the Second World War.

Flatiron (ship)
A flatiron, or flattie, is a type of coastal trading vessel designed to pass under bridges that have limited clearance. Her mast(s) are hinged or telescopic, her funnel may be hinged, and her wheelhouse may also fold flat.

Flatirons were developed in the UK in the latter part of the 19th century. Most were colliers built to bring coal from North East England and South Wales to gasworks and power stations on the River Thames that were upriver from the Pool of London.
Jim Härtull
Jim Härtull (born March 11, 1990) is a Finnish Nordic combined skier who has been competing since 2007. At the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2009 in Liberec, he finished eighth in the 4 x 5 km team and 51st in the 10 km individual normal hill events.

Härtull's best World Cup finish was a 43rd in the 10 km Gundersen event at Klingenthal in February 2009.  His best career finish was 12th in a Gundersen Continental Cup event also held at Klingenthal a month earlier.

Liberec
Liberec (Czech pronunciation: [ˈlɪbɛrɛts] ⓘ; German: Reichenberg) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 108,000 inhabitants, making it the fifth largest city in the country. It lies on the Lusatian Neisse River, in a basin surrounded by mountains. The city centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.

Liberec was once home to a thriving textile industry and hence nicknamed the "Manchester of Bohemia". A symbol of the city and the main landmark of the panorama of Liberec is the Ještěd Tower. Since the end of the 19th century, the city has been a conurbation with the suburb of Vratislavice nad Nisou and the neighbouring city of Jablonec nad Nisou.
E. Chandrasekharan
Edayillam Chandrasekharan (born 26 December 1948) is an Indian politician from Kasaragod, and is the former Revenue Minister of Kerala in the Pinarayi Vijayan Ministry.

He is the son of P. Kunhiraman Nair and Edayillam Parvathi Amma; born at Perumbala on 26 December 1948.

He is presently representing Kanhangad assembly constituency since 2011. Additionally, Member, C.P.I., State Secretariat (Since 2005) Communist Party of India (CPI).

First Vijayan ministry
First Pinarayi Vijayan ministry is the Council of Ministers headed by Pinarayi Vijayan that was formed after the Left Democratic Front (LDF) won the 2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly elections. The Council assumed office on 25 May 2016. The ministry had a total of 19 ministers in the Cabinet at the time of swearing-in compared to 21 ministers in the previous government. Pinarayi Vijayan sworn in as 22nd Chief Minister of Kerala, 12th person to hold this position. Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan on 3 May 2021 submitted the resignation of the Council of Ministers headed by him to Governor Arif Mohammed Khan after winning a historic victory in the 15th legislative assembly elections by winning 99 of the 140 seats in the Assembly.
Madonna del Prato (Bellini)
Madonna del Prato (Madonna of the Meadow) is a 1505 painting of the Virgin Mary and the Christ Child by the Italian Renaissance painter Giovanni Bellini, now in the National Gallery in London. Originally painted as oil and egg tempera on wood, it was transferred to canvas in 1949,  with damage in places.

It presents a medieval iconography of the Virgin of humility seated before a full and shining rural panorama, with both the devotional aspect and the landscape aspect given equal prominence. Full of small details of everyday life, this landscape contributes to the intimate and familiar tone of the two figures. The raven in the tree possibly symbolises death. The figures' poses invite meditation on Jesus's death and passion, recalling Pietà compositions with the dead adult Jesus in his mother's lap.

Pietà
The Pietà (Italian pronunciation: [pjeˈta]; meaning "pity", "compassion") is a subject in Christian art depicting the Blessed Virgin Mary cradling the mortal body of Jesus Christ after his Descent from the Cross. It is most often found in sculpture. The Pietà is a specific form of the Lamentation of Christ in which Jesus is mourned by the Virgin Mary alone. However, in practice works called a Pietà may include angels, the other figures usual in Lamentations, and even donor portraits.

An image consisting only of a dead Christ with angels is also called a Pietà, at least in German, where Engelpietà (literally "Angel Pietà") is the term for what is usually called Dead Christ supported by angels in English.

Several namesake images have merited a Pontifical decree of coronation, including the Pieta of Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome, in the Marienthal Basilica in France, the Franciscan church in Leuven, Belgium, at the Kamp-Bornhofen, Germany, and Our Lady of Charity in Cartagena, Spain.
Andolsek
Andolsek is a habitational surname  for someone from the village of Andol in Lower Carniola. In North America, the surname may also be from Andoljšek. Notable people with the surname include:

Eric Andolsek (1966–1992), American football player

Eugene Andolsek (1921–2008), American draughtsman

Eric Andolsek
Eric Thomas Andolsek (August 22, 1966 – June 23, 1992) was an American professional football player who was an offensive lineman for the Detroit Lions in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the LSU Tigers.
Towerrunning World Championships
The Towerrunning World Championships is a global tower running competition organised by the Towerrunning World Association (TWA), the global body for competitive stair climbing. The first edition was held in 2015, and the second edition was held in 2018. It became part of the TWA's Towerrunning Tour for its third edition in 2020, although that competition was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The venues for the championships are skyscrapers that host annual competitions, with the Aspire Tower and Taipei 101 hosting the 2015 and 2018 events, respectively.

Aspire Tower
Aspire Tower, also known as The Torch Doha, is a 300-metre-tall (980 ft) skyscraper hotel located in the Aspire Zone complex in Doha, Qatar. Designed by architect Hadi Simaan and AREP and engineer Ove Arup and Partners, the tower served as the focal point for the 15th Asian Games hosted by Qatar in December 2006.

The tower is currently the second tallest structure and building in Doha and Qatar. In 2023, it was surpassed by the Lusail Plaza Towers. The tower has also been known as Khalifa Sports Tower or Doha Olympic Tower.
Arnside railway station
Arnside is a railway station on the Furness Line, which runs between Barrow-in-Furness and Lancaster. The station, situated 12+1⁄4 miles (20 km) north-west of Lancaster, serves the village of Arnside in Cumbria. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.

A short distance west of the station, the railway crosses the River Kent on an impressive 50-span viaduct that is some 1,558-foot (475 m) long. The historic structure underwent major repairs and refurbishment, including the complete replacement of the rail deck in 2011. Similar work was carried out on the nearby Leven Estuary viaduct in the spring of 2006.

Furness line
The Furness line is a British railway between Barrow-in-Furness and Carnforth, where it joins the West Coast Main Line. It serves various towns along the Furness coast, including Barrow-in-Furness, Ulverston and Grange-over-Sands.

The line serves primarily passenger traffic, with regional rail services operated by Northern from Manchester Airport, Preston and Lancaster. The majority of services along the line terminate at Barrow-in-Furness, however some services continue along the Cumbrian Coast Line to Millom, Whitehaven and Carlisle.

The line also sees regular freight traffic serving the Port of Barrow and Sellafield. The line was designated a community rail partnership by the Department for Transport in 2012.
SRSP Flood Flow Canal
SRSP Flood Flow Canal (Telugu:శ్రీరాంసాగర్ వరద కాలువ) also known as Sriram Sagar Flood Flow Canal (SRSP FFC), is a 130 km long gravity canal from Sriram Sagar Project, Village & Mandal Mupkal, Nizamabad District to Mid Manair Dam, Manwada Village, Karimnagar District, Telangana.

Mupkal, Nizamabad district
Mupkal is a village in Mupkal Mandal in Nizamabad district of the Indian state of Telangana. It is located 39 kilometres (24 mi) north east of Nizamabad and 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) north from Balkonda, 15 km north of Armoor, 20 km south from Nirmal.

Kisan Nagar (2 km), Kottapally (2 km), Nagapur (3 km), Jalalpur (4 km), Vempally (4 km) are the nearest villages. Mupkal is surrounded by Armoor Mandal towards South, Velpur Mandal to the South, Mortad Mandal to the East, Nandipet Mandal to the west. Armoor, Nirmal, Nizamabad, Koratla, Bhainsa are the closest cities.
Sauvo
Sauvo (Finnish: [ˈsɑu̯ʋo]; Swedish: Sagu) is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the Southwest Finland region. The municipality had a population of 2,968 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 299.47 square kilometres (115.63 sq mi) of which 47.21 km2 (18.23 sq mi) is water. The population density is 11.74 inhabitants per square kilometre (30.4/sq mi).

Like many waterside areas near major population centres, Sauvo's population increases every summer because of summer cottage usage. While vacationers are not reflected in the official statistics, they roughly double the population during the summer. Today it holds a stone church from the late 15th century, and many manor houses.

The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

Regions of Finland
Finland is divided into 19 regions (Finnish: maakunta; Swedish: landskap)
which are governed by regional councils that serve as forums of cooperation for the municipalities of each region. The councils are composed of delegates from the municipal councils. The main tasks of regional councils are regional planning, the development of enterprises, and education. Between 2004 and 2012, the regional council of Kainuu was elected via popular elections as part of an experimental regional administration.

In 2022, new Wellbeing services counties were established as part of a health care and social services reform. The wellbeing services counties follow the regional borders, and are governed by directly elected county councils.
Wyżyny, Warsaw
Wyżyny (Polish: [vɘ̟ˈʐɘ̟.nɘ̟]; lit. 'the Highlands') is a neighbourhood in Warsaw, Poland, located in the Ursynów district, within the City Information System area of Natolin. It consists of mid- and high-rise apartment buildings, and was developed in the 1980s.

M1 (Warsaw)
The M1 line is the first line of the Warsaw Metro. It is 23.1 km (14.4 mi) long, has 21 stations and runs from the Kabaty neighborhood in the Ursynów district to the Młociny district in Bielany.

The decision to build it was made in 1982, and a year later the first works in Ursynów began. In 1995, the first section of the route connecting Ursynów and Mokotów with Śródmieście was launched, and the next sections were put into operation in the following years. In 2008, construction of the Bielany section was completed and crossings on the whole line were started. There is also a plan to add two additional stations around the center portion of the metro line.

M1 trains run from approximately 5:00 am to 12:10 am (from Monday to Thursday and Sunday) and from approximately 5:00 am to 3:00 am (Fridays and Saturdays).
Cattle raiding
Cattle raiding is the act of stealing live cattle, often several or many at once. In Australia, such stealing is often referred to as duffing, and the perpetrator as a duffer. In other areas, especially in Queensland, the practice is known as poddy-dodging with the perpetrator known as a poddy-dodger. In North America, especially in the Wild West cowboy culture, cattle theft is dubbed rustling, while an individual who engages in it is a rustler.

Theft
Theft (from Old English  þeofð, cognate to thief) is the act of taking another person's property or services without that person's permission or consent with the intent to deprive the rightful owner of it. The word theft is also used as a synonym or informal shorthand term for some crimes against property, such as larceny, robbery, embezzlement, extortion, blackmail, or receiving stolen property. In some jurisdictions, theft is considered to be synonymous with larceny, while in others, theft is defined more narrowly. A person who engages in theft is known as a thief (pl. thieves).

Theft is the name of a statutory offence in California, Canada, England and Wales, Hong Kong, Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, and the Australian states of South Australia and Victoria.
Allied Blenders & Distillers
Allied Blenders & Distillers (commonly referred to as ABD) is an Indian-made foreign liquor company, headquartered in Mumbai, India. It is a major distributor of whiskey, rum, vodka, brandy and other spirits, and exports to 22 countries around the world.

Whisky
Whisky or whiskey is a type of liquor made from fermented grain mash. Various grains (which may be malted) are used for different varieties, including barley, corn, rye, and wheat. Whisky is typically aged in wooden casks, commonly of charred white oak. Uncharred white oak casks previously used for the aging of port, rum, or sherry may be employed during storage to impart a unique flavour and colour.

Whisky is a strictly regulated spirit worldwide with many classes and types. The typical unifying characteristics of the different classes and types are the fermentation of grains, distillation, and aging in wooden barrels.
Racing Club Portuense
Racing Club Portuense is a Spanish football team based in El Puerto de Santa María, Province of Cádiz, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Founded in 1928, it plays in the Primera Andaluza Cádiz, holding home games at José del Cuvillo Stadium, with a capacity of 8,600 seats.

El Puerto de Santa María
El Puerto de Santa María (Spanish pronunciation: [el ˈpweɾto ðe ˈsanta maˈɾi.a]), locally known as El Puerto and historically in English as Port Saint Mary, is a municipality of Spain located on the banks of the Guadalete River in the province of Cádiz, Andalusia. As of 2016, the city has a population of c. 88,184, of which some 50,000 live in the urban center, and the remainder in the surrounding areas.

The town of El Puerto de Santa María is located 10 km (6 mi) northeast of Cádiz, across the bay of Cádiz.
Tintinnabulum
A tintinnabulum (roughly "little bell" in Medieval Latin) is a bell mounted on a pole, placed in a Roman Catholic basilica to signify the church's link with the Pope. It consists of a small gold bell within a golden frame crowned with the papal tiara and Keys of Heaven. If the Pope were to say Mass within the basilica, the tintinnabulum would be used to lead the very special procession down the shrine's aisle. However, these symbols are not stipulated in the 1989 Vatican directives.

Shrine
A shrine (Latin: scrinium "case or chest for books or papers"; Old French: escrin "box or case") is a sacred space dedicated to a specific deity, ancestor, hero, martyr, saint, daemon, or similar figure of respect, wherein they are venerated or worshipped. Shrines often contain idols, relics, or other such objects associated with the figure being venerated. A shrine at which votive offerings are made is called an altar.

Shrines are found in many of the world's religions, including Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Chinese folk religion, Shinto, indigenous Philippine folk religions, and Germanic paganism as well as in secular and non-religious settings such as a war memorial. Shrines can be found in various settings, such as churches, temples, cemeteries, or as household shrines. Portable shrines are also found in some cultures.
It Doesn't Have to Be That Way
"It Doesn't Have to Be That Way" is a song written and recorded by Jim Croce for his 1973 album Life and Times. Originally released early that year as the B-side of the "One Less Set of Footsteps" single, it was reissued that December as the third and final single from the album as well as Croce's second posthumously-released single. It reached a peak of #64 on the Billboard Hot 100, spending five weeks on the chart.

Because of its Christmas setting and the wintery images associated with its lyrics, the song is often played during the holiday season.

Life and Times (Jim Croce album)
Life and Times is the fourth studio album by American singer-songwriter Jim Croce, released in January 1973. The album contains the No. 1 Billboard chart hit "Bad, Bad Leroy Brown". Croce was nominated for two 1973 Grammy Awards in the "Pop Male Vocalist" and "Record of the Year" categories for the song "Bad, Bad Leroy Brown". It would be the last album to be released during Croce's lifetime.
Mew (surname)
Mew is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charlotte Mew (1869–1928), English poet

Chris Mew (born 1961), Australian rules footballer

Darren James Mew (born 1975), English music producer

Darren Mew (born 1979), British swimmer

John Mew (1928–2025), British orthodontist

Jack Mew (1889–1963), English football goalkeeper

James Mew (1837–1913), English lawyer and biographer

Peter Mew, British audio engineer

Scarlett Mew Jensen, British diver

William Mew (1602–c. 1669), English clergyman, playwright and beekeeper

Chris Mew
Chris Mew (born 7 May 1961) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Hawthorn in the Victorian/Australian Football League.

A defender, Mew usually played at centre half-back and was a five-time premiership player, in 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989 and 1991.

He retired after the 1989 season but was talked into returning by weekly visits from his coach Allan Jeans.

At the start of 1993, without playing a game, he ruptured his Achilles tendon and retired immediately.

Mew was named as a centre half-back in Hawthorn's official 'Team of the Century'.
Diploschistes hensseniae
Diploschistes hensseniae is a species of terricolous (ground-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Australia, it was scientifically described as a new species in 1985 by the lichenologists H. Thorsten Lumbsch and John Elix. Diploschistes hensseniae is characterised by its distinctive fruiting bodies, which are perithecioid in shape and remain closed. The spores it produces are relatively small, and its asci, the sac-like structures that contain the spores, are cylindrical. Furthermore, Diploschistes hensseniae is chemically unique, containing a combination of diploschistesic, orsellinic, and lecanoric acids that set it apart from other close relatives. The specific epithet hensseniae is named after the Norwegian lichenologist Aino Henssen, commemorating her 60th birthday the same year the species was published.

John Alan Elix
John Alan (Jack) Elix (born 1941) emeritus professor in chemistry at the Australian National University, is an organic chemist who has contributed in many fields: lichenology, lichen chemotaxonomy, plant physiology and biodiversity and natural product chemistry. He has authored 2282 species names, and 67 genera in the field of mycology. Elix edited the exsiccata series Lichenes Australasici exsiccati.

The standard author abbreviation Elix is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Mary L. Easley
Mary L. Easley served as the Oklahoma Senator representing District 18, which includes Mayes, Tulsa and Wagoner counties from her win in a special election in 2004 until 2010. She previously served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from 1996 through 2004, representing District 78.

Mayes County, Oklahoma
Mayes County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 39,046. Its county seat is Pryor Creek. Named for Samuel Houston Mayes, Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation from 1895 to 1899, it was originally created at the Sequoyah Convention in August 1905.