hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization
In polymer chemistry, ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) is a type of chain-growth polymerization involving olefin metathesis. The reaction is driven by relieving ring strain in cyclic olefins. A variety of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts have been developed for different polymers and mechanisms. Heterogeneous catalysts are typical in large-scale commercial processes, while homogeneous catalysts are used in finer laboratory chemical syntheses. Organometallic catalysts used in ROMP usually have transition metal centres, such as tungsten, ruthenium, titanium, etc., with organic ligands.

Homogeneous catalysis
In chemistry, homogeneous catalysis is catalysis where the catalyst is in same phase as reactants, principally by a soluble catalyst in a solution. In contrast, heterogeneous catalysis describes processes where the catalysts and substrate are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas, respectively. The term is used almost exclusively to describe solutions and implies catalysis by organometallic compounds. Homogeneous catalysis is an established technology that continues to evolve. An illustrative major application is the production of acetic acid. Enzymes are examples of homogeneous catalysts.
Yantai South railway station
Yantai South railway station (Chinese: 烟台南站; pinyin: Yāntái Nán zhàn) is a railway station located in Laishan District, Yantai, Shandong, China. Unlike the older Yantai railway station, this is a through-station. It opened with the Qingdao–Rongcheng intercity railway on 28 December 2014. It is also served by Tianjin–Weifang–Yantai high-speed railway.

Tianjin–Weifang–Yantai high-speed railway
Tianjin–Weifang–Yantai high-speed railway is a high-speed railway in China. The railway is designed to reach a maximum speed of 350 kilometres per hour (220 mph). The Weifang–Yantai section of the railway opened on 21 October 2024, while the Tianjin–Weifang section is expected to open in 2027.
Ullath
Ullath is one of 18 villages on the island of Saparua in the province of Maluku, Indonesia.  Ullath situated on the southeastern peninsula of Saparua along with Siri-sori Amalatu, Siri-sori Amapatti, and Ouw.  It is most known for its cloves, fish, and sago.  The current raja (or traditional village leader) is Abraham Nikijuluw.

Ullath consists of an area that is 6,8 km2, and has a total population of 1,478 people, which makes it the 10th largest village on the island.

Raja
Raja (/ˈrɑːdʒɑː/; from IAST rājan-) is a noble or royal Sanskrit title historically used by some Indian rulers and monarchs and highest-ranking nobles. The title was historically used in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.

The title has a long history in South Asia and Southeast Asia, being attested from the Rigveda, where a rājan- is a ruler, see for example the daśarājñá yuddhá, the "Battle of Ten Kings".

The title has equivalent cognates in other Indo-European languages, notably the Latin Rex and the Celtic Rix.

The Maratha title "Rao" (or "Rao") functions as both a given name and an honorific title, derived from words like the Sanskrit "Rājā" meaning "king," is a associated with the Kshatriya varna and can be considered a Kshatriya title.
Bob De Schutter
Bob De Schutter is a Belgian video game designer and researcher, who is the C. Michael Armstrong professor of Applied Game Design at Miami University (Oxford, Ohio). He is best known for his work on the design of video games for players in middle through late adulthood. He has advocated the importance of play in later life and has spoken out against the stereotyping of older video game players in marketing and game design. He has also published on the design of experimental classrooms for gameful instruction.

Belgians
Belgians (Dutch: Belgen [ˈbɛlɣə(n)] ⓘ; French: Belges [bɛlʒ] ⓘ; German: Belgier [ˈbɛlɡi̯ɐ] ⓘ) are people identified with the Kingdom of Belgium, a federal state in Western Europe. As Belgium is a multinational state, this connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural rather than ethnic. The majority of Belgians, however, belong to two distinct linguistic groups or communities (Dutch: gemeenschap; French: communauté) native to the country, i.e. its historical regions: Flemings in Flanders, who speak Dutch, West Flemish and Limburgish; and Walloons in Wallonia, who speak French or Walloon. There is also a substantial Belgian diaspora, which has settled primarily in the United States, Canada, France, and the Netherlands.
Mukaiyama Station
Mukaiyama Station (向山駅, Mukaiyama-eki) is a railway station on the Aoimori Railway Line in the town of Oirase in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, operated by the third sector railway operator Aoimori Railway Company.

Aoimori Railway Company
Aoimori Railway Company (青い森鉄道株式会社, Aoimori Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha) is a third-sector railway company that operates the Aoimori Railway Line in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. Its headquarters are located in the city of Aomori. The government of Aomori Prefecture and the city of Aomori are the primary shareholders of the company.

The railway facilities and tracks are owned by the prefectural government of Aomori as a "Category 3 Railway Business" under the Railway Business Act of Japan. Aoimori Railway Company leases these facilities from the prefectural government and is responsible for operation of passenger trains on the tracks. This scheme is intended to mitigate the company's burden as an owner of fixed assets and is known as "track/service separation" (上下分離方式, jōge bunri hōshiki).
Nikolai Zherdev
Mykola Olehovych "Nikolai" Zherdev (Ukrainian: Микола Олегович Жердев; born November 5, 1984) is a Ukrainian-Russian professional ice hockey right winger.

He previously played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Columbus Blue Jackets, New York Rangers and Philadelphia Flyers.

Atlant Moscow Oblast
Hockey Club Atlant Moscow Oblast (Russian: ХК Атлант Московская область, English: Atlas Hockey Club Moscow Region) was a Russian professional ice hockey team based in Mytishchi, Moscow Oblast. They were members of the Bobrov Division of the Kontinental Hockey League in the 2014–15 season, but have not been active since the 2015–16 season due to financial issues.
OMAC
OMAC can refer to:

OMAC (Buddy Blank), a DC Comics superhero

OMAC (comics):  a fictional organization of powerful cyborgs in comic books published by DC Comics

The OMAC Project, a comics miniseries featuring with the OMACs
Michael Costner, the last remaining OMAC cyborg, chronicled in the 2006 OMAC miniseries

Old Man's Aircraft Company, a business aircraft company which made several prototypes of the Laser 300 plane in the late 1980s and early 1990s

One-key MAC, a construction in cryptography

Order of Malta Ambulance Corps, an Irish first-aid organisation linked to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta

OMAC (Industry Organization): Organization for Machine Automation and Control

Otherways, Otherways Management Association Club (OMAC), a vanity award organisation

Organization for Machine Automation and Control
The Organization for Machine Automation and Control (OMAC) is a global organization that supports the machine automation and operational needs of manufacturing.  OMAC, has in conjunction with ISA, created the PackML industry standard for describing the state and transitions of packaging machines.  OMAC was formed by General Motors in the 1980s under the name Open Modular Architecture Controls to address the problem of each machine having different controls and/or software implementations.  In the late 1990s OMAC expanded into the packaging automation industry.
Jon Byrne
Jon Stephen Byrne (born 23 June 1983) is an Australian former Major League Baseball (MLB) umpire. He made his debut on 16 May 2014, becoming the first MLB professional umpire to have been born in Australia. Australian second baseman Joe Quinn had acted as a substitute umpire for two National League games; one each in 1894 and 1896.

Byrne was an umpire primarily in Minor League Baseball (MiLB), working in the Midwest League (2006), Northwest League (2006), California League (2007), Eastern League (2008–2010), and International League (2011–2015). During the 2014 season, he umpired nine MLB games (three as the home plate umpire); he wore number 59 and did not issue any ejections. In 2015, Byrne worked MLB spring training games, but did not umpire any regular season games; he was released by MiLB after the season.

Northwest League
The Northwest League is a Minor League Baseball league that operates in the Northwestern United States and Western Canada. A Class A Short Season league for most of its history, the league was promoted to High-A as part of Major League Baseball's 2021 reorganization of the minor leagues. The league operated as the High-A West in 2021, then resumed its original moniker in 2022.
Tihomir Novakov
Tihomir Novakov, also known as Tica Novakov (March 16, 1929 – January 2, 2015) was a Serbian-born American physicist. As a scientist, Novakov is known for his black carbon, air quality, and climate change research. James Hansen dubbed him "the godfather of black carbon".

James Hansen
James Edward Hansen (born March 29, 1941) is an American climatologist. He is an adjunct professor directing the Program on Climate Science, Awareness and Solutions of the Earth Institute at Columbia University. He is best known for his research in climatology, his 1988 Congressional testimony on climate change that helped raise broad awareness of global warming, and his advocacy of action to avoid dangerous climate change. In recent years, he has become a climate activist to mitigate the effects of global warming, on a few occasions leading to his arrest.

In 2000, Hansen had proposed an alternative scenario for combating the threat of global warming by focusing on reducing non-CO2 greenhouse gases (GHGs). His estimates of global climate had found that non-CO2 GHGs (such as methane) caused more observed global warming than carbon dioxide. However, he pointed out that CO2 would become the dominant climate forcing, if global emissions continued to rise.
Johannes Thomassen Heftye
Johannes Thomassen Heftye (17 October 1792 – 2 November 1856) was a Norwegian businessperson and politician.

He was the son of merchant Thomas Johannessen Heftye (1767–1827), an immigrant from Switzerland who founded the family company Thos. Joh. Heftye & Søn. He was the father of banker Thomas Johannessen Heftye and grandfather of Thomas Heftye. He was also an older brother of Henrik Heftye and a brother-in-law of ship-owner Mogens Thorsen.

He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1827, representing the constituency of Christiania. He worked as a merchant and consul there. He only served one term.

Thos. Joh. Heftye & Søn
Thos. Joh. Heftye & Søn was a Norwegian bank company. It was one of the first commercial banks in Norway. Based in Christiania, it was founded in 1818 by Thomas Johannessen Heftye (1767–1827), an immigrant from Switzerland. The bank remained in the family in the next generations, and both Henrik Heftye and Thomas Johannessen Heftye worked there.
Gene Conley
Donald Eugene Conley (November 10, 1930 – July 4, 2017) was an American professional baseball and basketball player. He pitched for four teams in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1952 to 1963. Conley also played as a forward in the 1952–53 season and from 1958 to 1964 for two teams in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is the 2nd person (Otto Graham) to win championships in two of the four major American sports: one with the Milwaukee Braves in the 1957 World Series and three with the Boston Celtics from 1959 to 1961.

1961 NBA Finals
The 1961 NBA World Championship Series was the championship series of the 1961 NBA playoffs, which concluded the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s 1960–61 season in North America. The best-of-seven series was played between the Western Division champion St. Louis Hawks and the Eastern Division champion Boston Celtics. This was the fourth and final World Championship Series meeting between the two teams, and was the fifth meeting between teams from Boston and St. Louis for a major professional sports championship. It was also the Celtics' fifth straight trip to the championship series, and they won the series against the Hawks, 4–1.

As of 2026, this remains the Hawks’ last appearance in the NBA Finals, the second-longest drought behind the Kings franchise who last played in the NBA Finals in 1951.
Solar Radiation and Thermospheric Satellite
Solar Radiation and Thermospheric Satellite (SRATS), also knows as Taiyo ("Sun" in Japanese) or Shinsei-3, was a space probe developed by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) at the University of Tokyo. The probe was launched on February 24, 1975, from Kagoshima Space Center by M-3C-2 rocket. Its mission was focused on upper atmospheric physics, X-ray and UV solar radiation, and the Earth's ionosphere. Taiyo completed its mission before re-entering Earth's atmosphere on June 29, 1980.

The satellite had a shape of octagonal cylinder (or prism), weighing 86 kg. It orbited the Earth in an elliptical orbit with a periapsis of 260 km and an apoapsis of 3,140 km, at a 32-degree inclination. The satellite's primary goal was to investigate solar X-rays, ultraviolet radiation, and the distribution of ions and electrons in the Earth's upper atmosphere.

Octagon
In geometry, an octagon (from Ancient Greek  ὀκτάγωνον (oktágōnon) 'eight angles') is an eight-sided polygon or 8-gon.

A regular octagon has Schläfli symbol {8} and can also be constructed as a quasiregular truncated square, t{4}, which alternates two types of edges. A truncated octagon, t{8} is a hexadecagon, {16}. A 3D analog of the octagon can be the rhombicuboctahedron with the triangular faces on it like the replaced edges, if one considers the octagon to be a truncated square.
St Mary's Church, Betws Gwerful Goch
St Mary's Church, Betws Gwerful Goch, is in the village of Betws Gwerful Goch, Denbighshire, Wales.  It is an active Anglican church in the deanery of Penllyn & Edeyrnion, the archdeaconry of Wrexham and the diocese of St Asaph.  The church is designated by Cadw as a Grade II* listed building.

Betws Gwerfil Goch
Betws Gwerfil Goch (Standard Welsh: Betws Gwerful Goch) is a village and community in Denbighshire, Wales.  It had a population of 351 at the 2011 census.  Until 1974 it was part of Edeirnion Rural District in Meirionnydd, and was transferred to Glyndŵr District in Clwyd by the Local Government Act 1972.  It became part of Denbighshire in 1996. The community includes Melin-y-Wig village.

The village retains its primary school.
Nyboda depot
Nyboda depot (in Swedish: Nybodadepån or Nybodahallen) is a garage/depot for subway trains and buses of Storstockholms Lokaltrafik (SL), located in Liljeholmen, Stockholm Municipality, along Hägerstensvägen and under Essingeleden. Nybodadepån is connected with Liljeholmen metro station via a bridge over Hägerstensvägen and a tunnel in the mountain under Nybohov.

Nybodadepån started operations for buses and trams in 1945, then called Brännkyrkahallen. 1963–64, it was rebuilt to be adapted for the cars of Stockholm Metro. It could house 30 railway cars on four tracks in a bus garage and another 64 on four tracks in two rock tunnels. 2001–2002, it was rebuilt to be adapted for the new C20 metro cars and was further upgraded to C30s in 2019.

Around 100 persons are employed at the depot, which is one of five depots serving the Stockholm metro system.

Stockholm Municipality
Stockholm Municipality (Swedish: Stockholms kommun) or the City of Stockholm (Swedish: Stockholms stad) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. It has the largest population of the 290 municipalities of the country, but one of the smallest areas, making it the second most densely populated. It is also the most populous municipality in the Nordic countries.

Although legally a municipality with the official proper name Stockholms kommun, the municipal assembly (kommunfullmäktige) has decided to use the name Stockholms stad (City of Stockholm in English) whenever possible. This is purely nominal and has no effect on the legal status of the municipality.

Geographically, the city comprises the Stockholm City Centre and two suburban areas, Söderort (South Stockholm) and Västerort (West Stockholm). Administratively, it is subdivided into 14 districts (sometimes incorrectly called "boroughs" in English), which are administered by district councils (stadsdelsnämnder).
Mahmoud Hamshari
Mahmoud Hamshari (Arabic: محمود الهمشري; 29 August 1939 – 9 January 1973) was a Palestinian official who was assassinated by Israel in Paris, France, on 8 December 1972. He was serving as the representative of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) to France when the incident occurred. He died in a Paris hospital on 9 January 1973.

Tulkarm
32°18′45″N 35°1′36″E﻿ / ﻿32.31250°N 35.02667°E﻿ / 32.31250; 35.02667

Tulkarm or Tulkarem (Arabic: طولكرم, Ṭūlkarm) is a city in the West Bank, Palestine and the capital of the Tulkarm Governorate. Netanya is to the west in Israel, while Nablus and Jenin are to the east. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, in 2017 Tulkarm had a population of 64,532. Tulkarm is under the administration of the Palestinian National Authority.
Washington Historic District (Washington, North Carolina)
Washington Historic District is a national historic district located at Washington, Beaufort County, North Carolina. It encompasses 512 contributing buildings and one contributing structure in the town of Washington. They include a variety of institutional, commercial, and residential buildings primarily dating from the late 19th and early 20th centuries.  Notable buildings include the Beaufort County Courthouse, Havens and Fowle warehouses, Mayo Law Office (c. 1830), Marsh House, Myers House, Hyatt House, Griffin House, Rodman House, Elmwood, Firehouse and City Hall (c. 1884), Post Office and Federal Courthouse (1913), railroad station, Presbyterian church, Saint Peter's Episcopal Church, First Methodist Church (1899), Singleton Primitive Baptist Church (c. 1880), Blount-Bragaw Building (1901-1904), Minor House, and George T. Leach House (c. 1890).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

Beaufort County, North Carolina
Beaufort County (/ˈboʊfərt/ BOH-fərt) is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 44,652. Its county seat is Washington. The county was founded in 1705 as Pamptecough Precinct. Originally included in Bath County, it was renamed Beaufort Precinct in 1712 and became Beaufort County in 1739.

Beaufort County comprises the Washington, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Greenville-Washington, NC Combined Statistical Area.
Soundman Vol. 1
Soundman Vol.1 is a debut EP by Nigerian singer Wizkid, credited as Starboy. It was released on 6 December 2019 through Starboy Entertainment without any announcement. The 7-track EP features additional vocals and production by Chronixx, Blaq Jerzee, Kel-P, London and DJ Tunez. Soundman Vol. 2, the sequel to the album, was released on 22 December 2023.

Chronixx
Jamar Rolando McNaughton (born 10 October 1992), popularly known as Chronixx, is a Jamaican reggae artist and a member of the UK-based music collective Sault. His stage name replaced the name "Little Chronicle" which he was given because of his father, the singer "Chronicle". Chronixx and his music have been branded as a roots "Reggae Revival", alongside other reggae musicians including Dre Island, Jah Bouks, Jah9, Protoje, Kelissa, Jesse Royal, Keznamdi, Kabaka Pyramid and Lila Iké. His lyrical content includes anti-war sentiments, romantic declarations and messages of resilience.
Batchelor Institute of Indigenous Tertiary Education
Batchelor Institute of Indigenous Tertiary Education (BIITE, generally known as Batchelor Institute and formerly known as Batchelor College) provides training and further education, and higher education for Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders. It is based in Kungarakany and Awarai country, in Batchelor, Northern Territory in Australia.

Batchelor Institute is classified as a 'Table A' tertiary education provider. Like an increasing number of universities, Batchelor Institute is a dual-sector institution, providing higher education and vocational education and training courses. The Institute is the first Indigenous-controlled higher education institution in Australia. It is also unusual in that most of its students are over 30 years of age, and a high proportion of its students are female.

Nhulunbuy
Nhulunbuy (/nuːlənbaɪ/), also formerly known as Gove, is a town and locality in the far north of the Northern Territory of Australia. Founded on the Gove Peninsula in north-east Arnhem Land when a bauxite mine and deep water port were established in the late 1960s, the town's economy largely revolved around its alumina refinery until it closed in May 2014. The town is a private mining town residing on Aboriginal-owned land.

Nhulun, named Mount Saunders by Matthew Flinders, is a 200-metre (660 ft) flat-topped hill rising behind the town, which gets its name from this sacred site. In the 2021 census, the locality of Nhulunbuy had a population of 3,350 people.
Susan L. Mizruchi
Susan Laura Mizruchi (July 13, 1959) is professor of English literature and the William Arrowsmith Professor in the Humanities at Boston University. Her research interests include nineteenth- and twentieth-century American literature, religion and culture, literary and social theory, literary history, history of the social sciences, and American and Global Film and TV. Since 2016, she has served as the director of the Boston University Center for the Humanities.

Literary theory
Literary theory is the systematic study of the nature of literature and of the methods for literary analysis. Since the 19th century, literary scholarship includes literary theory and considerations of intellectual history, moral philosophy, social philosophy, and interdisciplinary themes relevant to how people interpret meaning. In the humanities in modern academia, the latter style of literary scholarship is an offshoot of post-structuralism. Consequently, the word theory became an umbrella term for scholarly approaches to reading texts, some of which are informed by strands of semiotics, cultural studies, philosophy of language, and continental philosophy, often witnessed within Western canon along with some postmodernist theory.
CA/Browser Forum
The Certification Authority Browser Forum, also known as the CA/Browser Forum, is a voluntary consortium of certification authorities, vendors of web browsers and secure email software, operating systems, and other PKI-enabled applications that promulgates industry guidelines governing the issuance and management of X.509 v.3 digital certificates that chain to a trust anchor embedded in such applications.  Its guidelines cover certificates used for the SSL/TLS protocol and code signing, as well as system and network security of certificate authorities.

As of May 2022, the consortium includes 54 certificate issuers, 11 certificate consumer vendors, and industry standards and audit bodies including the European Accredited Conformity Assessment Bodies’ Council (ACAB’C), the WebTrust Task Force, and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).

European Telecommunications Standards Institute
The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) is an independent, not-for-profit, standardization organization operating in the field of information and communications. ETSI supports the development and testing of global technical standards for ICT-enabled systems, applications and services.