hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Duvaucelia lineata
Duvaucelia lineata is a species of dendronotid nudibranch. It is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Tritoniidae. Previously known as Tritonia lineata this species was moved to the genus Duvaucelia in 2020.

Nudibranch
Nudibranchs (/ˈnjuːdɪbræŋk/) are a group of soft-bodied marine gastropod molluscs, belonging to the order Nudibranchia, that shed their shells after their larval stage. They are noted for their often extraordinary colours and striking forms, and they have been given colourful nicknames to match, such as "clown", "marigold", "splendid", "dancer", "dragon" , and "sea rabbit". About 3,000 species of nudibranchs are known.

The word nudibranch comes from the Latin nudus 'naked' and the Ancient Greek βράγχια (bránkhia) 'gills'.

Nudibranchs are often casually called sea slugs, as they are a family of opisthobranchs (sea slugs), within the phylum Mollusca (molluscs), but many sea slugs belong to several taxonomic groups that are not closely related to nudibranchs. A number of these other sea slugs, such as the photosynthetic Sacoglossa and the colourful Aglajidae, are often confused with nudibranchs.
West Siberian Railway
West Siberian Railway (Russian: Западно-Сибирская железная дорога, Zapadno-Sibirskaya zheleznaya doroga) is a Rail operator of Russian Railways and part of the Great Trans-Siberian Railway crossing the Omsk, Novosibirsk, Kemerovo, Tomsk, and Altai regions of the Russian Federation as well as a portion of Kazakhstan.

Omsk Oblast
Omsk Oblast (Russian: О́мская о́бласть, romanized: Omskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in southwestern Siberia. The oblast has an area of 139,700 square kilometers (53,900 sq mi). Its population is 1,977,665 (2010 Census) with the majority, 1.12 million, living in Omsk, the administrative center.

The oblast borders Tyumen Oblast in the north and west, Novosibirsk Oblast and Tomsk Oblast in the east, and Kazakhstan in the south.
War chest
A war chest is a metaphor for any collection of tools or money intended to be used in a challenging or dangerous situation.  Historically, it referred to an actual chest located in the homes or barracks of soldiers or military leadership, in which arms and armor were stored. Traveling armies, such as that of Hannibal, collected the spoils of war and used them to negotiate with others to resolve conflicts through economic exchange rather than violence. In the modern era, the term refers to amassed funds, expertise, and/or equipment which allows a person or organization to survive a challenging situation.

Funding
Funding is the act of providing resources to finance a need, program, or project. While this is usually in the form of money, it can also take the form of effort or time from an organization or company. Generally, this word is used when a firm uses its internal reserves to satisfy its necessity for cash, while the term financing is used when the firm acquires capital from external sources.

Sources of funding include credit, venture capital, donations, grants, savings, subsidies, and taxes. Funding methods such as donations, subsidies, and grants that have no direct requirement for return of investment are described as "soft funding" or "crowdfunding". Funding that facilitates the exchange of equity ownership in a company for capital investment via an online funding portal per the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (alternately, the "JOBS Act of 2012") (U.S.) is known as equity crowdfunding. Funds can be allocated for either short-term or long-term purposes.
Roy Shepherd
Roy Walter William Shepherd (4 August 1931 – 11 April 2008) was a British ice hockey player. He played between 1951 and 1978 for the Wembley Lions, Southampton Vikings and Brighton Tigers. He also played for the Great Britain national ice hockey team between 1951 and 1962. He was inducted to the British Ice Hockey Hall of Fame in 1999. Shepherd died in Haywards Heath, West Sussex on 11 April 2008, at the age of 76.

Great Britain men's national ice hockey team
The Great Britain men's national ice hockey team (also known as Team GB) is the national ice hockey team that represents the United Kingdom. A founding member of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) in 1908, the team is controlled by Ice Hockey UK.
2019–20 Serie A (women)
The 2019–20 Serie A (women) was the 53rd season of the women's football top level league in Italy. The season was scheduled to run from 14 September 2019 to 16 May 2020, however on 9 March 2020, the Italian government halted the league until 3 April 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Play did not resume, and the season was terminated on 8 June 2020. On 25 June, Juventus, unbeaten first placed in the championship prior the lockdown, was awarded the championship title by the FIGC.

Italian Football Federation
The Italian Football Federation (Italian: Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio, pronounced [federatˈtsjoːne itaˈljaːna ˈdʒwɔːko ˈkaltʃo]; FIGC [ˌfiddʒitˈtʃi]), known colloquially as Federcalcio (pronounced [federˈkaltʃo]), is the governing body of football in Italy. It is based in Rome and the technical department is in Coverciano, Florence.

It manages and coordinates the Italian football league system. It is also responsible for appointing the management of the Italy national football team (men's), women's, and youth national football teams. The Italy national futsal team also belongs to the federation.
Twitchen, Shropshire
Twitchen is a hamlet in Shropshire, England, on the B4385 south of Purslow and near to Hopton Castle.

The southern part of the settlement is called Three Ashes.

A mile southeast of Twitchen is the small railway station at Hopton Heath, on the Heart of Wales Line.

Three civil parishes come together at Twitchen: Clunbury, Hopton Castle and Clungunford.

Clunbury
Clunbury is a village and civil parish in south Shropshire, England.

It is near to the small town of Clun and the villages of Clunton, Purslow and Aston on Clun. In the village is the Norman Church of St Swithin and a Church of England primary school.

The village lies between 145m and 155m above sea level. To the north the Clun and Kemp rivers flow, before meeting to the northeast. A lane runs up to the B4368 / B4385 crossroads at Little Brampton, and crosses these rivers by bridges.
Sons of Silence
The Sons of Silence Motorcycle Club (SOSMC) is an international outlaw motorcycle club. Founded in Niwot, Colorado in the United States in 1966, the club has a membership of over 250, with 35 chapters based in 12 U.S. states and in Germany. The Sons of Silence are the sixth-largest motorcycle club in the world, behind the Hells Angels, the Bandidos, the Outlaws, the Pagans and the Mongols.

The United States Department of Justice has designated the Sons of Silence a criminal organization.

Colors (motorcycling)
Colors are the insignia, or "patches", worn by motorcycle club members on cut-off vests to identify membership of their club and territorial location. Club patches have been worn by many different groups since the 1960s.  They are regarded by many to symbolize an elite amongst motorcyclists and the style has been widely copied by other subcultures and commercialized.

Colors are considered to represent "significant markers of the socialization" of new members to clubs, rank and present a dominant symbol of identity and are marked with related symbolism. They can be embroidered patches sewn onto clothing or stenciled in paint, the primary symbol being the back patch of the club's insignia or logo and generally remain the property of the club. Wearing such clothing is referred to as "flying one's colors". The term has its roots in military history, originating with regimental colours.
Sarasota Subdivision
The Seaboard Air Line Railroad's Sarasota Subdivision (W Line) was a rail line that ran from the company's main line at Turkey Creek south to Palmetto, Bradenton, Sarasota, and Venice.  The line was built in phases from 1901 to 1911.  Parts of the line are still in service today.

Durant, Florida
Durant is an unincorporated community in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The community is located on County Road 676, 6.4 miles (10.3 km) east-southeast of Brandon. Durant has a post office with ZIP code 33530, which opened on August 27, 1902. Durant is home to Durant High School.
AAU men's basketball records
This article lists all-time records achieved in the AAU tourney and the local leagues in a few statistical categories. The tournaments organized by the AAU started in 1897 and until the late 1940s included college teams, athletic clubs and company teams. Gale Bishop holds the record for most points scored having netted 62 in the second round of the 1945 tournament in Denver.

Former NBA players such as LeRoy Ellis, Tim Hardaway and Artis Gilmore have played in the masters tournaments, and set several records.

Gale Bishop
Robert Gale Bishop (June 4, 1922 – December 26, 2003) was an American professional basketball player.

Born in Sumas, Washington, he played collegiately for the Washington State University.

He played for the Philadelphia Warriors (1948–49) in the BAA for 56 games.

Bishop died on December 26, 2003, in Tacoma, Washington.
Oospore
An oospore is a thick-walled sexual spore that develops from a fertilized oosphere in some algae, fungi, and oomycetes. They are believed to have evolved either through the fusion of two species or the chemically induced stimulation of mycelia, leading to oospore formation.

In Oomycetes, oospores can also result from asexual reproduction, by apomixis. These haploid, non-motile spores are the site of meiosis and karyogamy in oomycetes.

A dormant oospore, when observed under an electron microscope, has led researchers to draw conclusion that there is only a single central globule with other storage bodies surrounding it.

Apomixis
In botany, apomixis is asexual development of seed or embryo without fertilization.

Apomictically produced offspring are genetically identical to the parent plant, except in nonrecurrent apomixis.  Its etymology is Greek for "away from" + "mixing".

Normal asexual reproduction of plants, such as propagation from cuttings or leaves, has never been considered to be apomixis. In contrast to parthenocarpy, which involves seedless fruit formation without fertilization, apomictic fruits have viable seeds containing a proper embryo, with asexual origin.

In flowering plants, the term "apomixis" is used in a restricted sense to mean agamospermy, i.e. clonal reproduction through seeds. Although agamospermy could theoretically occur in gymnosperms, it appears to be absent in that group.

Some authors included all forms of asexual reproduction within apomixis, but that generalization of the term has since died out.
George Clayes
George Clayes (c. 1831 – March 3, 1888) was an American-born farmer, merchant and political figure in Quebec. He represented Missisquoi in the House of Commons of Canada from 1887 to 1888 as a Liberal member.

He was born in New Hampshire, the son of the Reverend Dana Clayes, and came to Bedford, Canada East with his uncle in 1846. In 1850, he went to Cleveland, Ohio, where he entered business as a merchant. He then went to Omaha, Nebraska, where he served as a member of the territorial legislature. In 1866, Clayes returned to Bedford. He married his cousin Sophia Clayes in 1855. Clayes was an unsuccessful candidate for a seat in the House of Commons in 1878 and 1882. He died in office at the age of 57.

Canada East
Canada East (French: Canada-Est) was the northeastern portion of the Province of Canada. Lord Durham's Report investigating the causes of the Upper and Lower Canada Rebellions recommended merging those two colonies. The new colony, known as the Province of Canada, was created by the Act of Union 1840 passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, having effect in 1841. For administrative purposes, the new Province was subdivided into Canada West and Canada East.  The former name of "Lower Canada" came back into official use in 1849, and as of Canadian Confederation of 1867 it formed the newly created province of Quebec.

An estimated 890,000 people lived in Canada East in 1851.
ARTag
An ARTag is a fiducial marker system to support 3D registration (alignment) and pose tracking in augmented reality.  They can be used to facilitate the appearance of virtual objects, games, and animations within the real world.  Like the earlier ARToolKit system, they allow for video tracking capabilities that calculate a camera's position and orientation relative to physical markers in real time.  Once the camera's position is known, a virtual camera can be positioned at the same point, revealing the virtual object at the location of the ARTag.  It thus addresses two of the key problems in Augmented Reality: viewpoint tracking and virtual object interaction.

An ARTag appears on the Mars Science Laboratory.
A similar technique is being used by NASA's Spacecraft 3D smartphone app as an educational outreach tool.

ARTag is supported by the open source Goblin XNA software.

Fiducial marker
A fiducial marker or fiducial is an object placed in the field of view of an image for use as a point of reference or a measure. It may be either something placed into or on the imaging subject, or a mark or set of marks in the reticle of an optical instrument.
Business class
Business class is a travel class available on many commercial airlines and rail lines, known by brand names that vary by airline or rail company. In the airline industry, it was originally intended as an intermediate level of service between economy class and first class, but many airlines now offer business class as the highest level of service, having eliminated first class seating. Business class is distinguished from other travel classes by the quality of seating, food, drinks, ground service and other amenities. In commercial aviation, full business class is usually denoted 'J' or 'C' with schedule flexibility, but can be many other letters depending on circumstances.

KLM
KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, or simply KLM (an abbreviation for their official name Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij N.V. [ˈkoːnɪŋkləkə ˈlʏxtfaːrt ˌmaːtsxɑˈpɛi ˌɛnˈveː], lit. 'Royal Aviation Company'), is the flag carrier of the Netherlands. KLM’s headquarters are located in Amstelveen, with its hub at nearby Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. It is a subsidiary of the Air France–KLM group and a member of the SkyTeam airline alliance. Founded in 1919, KLM is the oldest operating airline still using its original name, having gone through significant changes in its ownership and legal structure over its history, including a period of majority government ownership. The company had a fleet of 110 aircraft (excluding subsidiaries) and 35,488 employees as of 2021. KLM operates scheduled passenger and cargo services to 145 destinations.
Stone–Tolan House
Stone–Tolan House is a historic home located at Brighton in Monroe County, New York. The 2-story frame house has a 1-story frame wing that is believed to have been built in 1792. It is a vernacular Federal-style structure and served as a frontier tavern, public meeting place, and pioneer homestead. The Landmark Society of Western New York acquired the property in 1956 to restore and preserve as a museum.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Monroe County, New York
Monroe County is a county in the U.S. state of New York, located along Lake Ontario's southern shore. As of 2022, the population was 752,035, according to Census Bureau estimates. Its county seat and largest city is Rochester. The county is named after James Monroe, the fifth president of the United States. Monroe County is part of the upstate Rochester, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.
Hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI
Hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI is a functional medical imaging technique for probing perfusion and metabolism using injected substrates.

It is enabled by techniques for hyperpolarization of carbon-13-containing molecules using dynamic nuclear polarization and rapid dissolution to create an injectable solution. Following the injection of a hyperpolarized substrate, metabolic activity can be mapped based on enzymatic conversion of the injected molecule. In contrast with other metabolic imaging methods such as positron emission tomography, hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI provides chemical as well as spatial information, allowing this technique to be used to probe the activity of specific metabolic pathways. This has led to new ways of imaging disease. For example, metabolic conversion of hyperpolarized pyruvate into lactate is increasingly being used to image cancerous tissues via the Warburg effect.

Carbon-13
Carbon-13 (13C) is a natural, stable isotope of carbon with a nucleus containing six protons and seven neutrons. It constitutes about 1.07% of natural carbon and is one of the so-called environmental isotopes.
Özgür Özel
Özgür Özel (Turkish pronunciation: [œzˈɟyɾ œˈzæl]) (born 21 September 1974) is a Turkish pharmacist and politician who has served as leader of the Republican People's Party (CHP) since 2023. He had previously shared the parliamentary deputy group leadership of the CHP with Engin Altay and Levent Gök between 2015 and 2023.

Özel has been an MP for the electoral district of Manisa since the 2011 general election and is well known for his activism concerning the rights of miners in Manisa Province. Since February 2024, he has served as vice president of the Socialist International.

Miner
A miner is a person who extracts ore, coal, chalk, clay, or other minerals from the earth through mining. There are two senses in which the term is used. In its narrowest sense, a miner is someone who works at the rock face; cutting, blasting, or otherwise working and removing the rock. In a broader sense, a "miner" is anyone working within a mine, not just a worker at the rock face.

Cave-ins, explosions, toxic air, and extreme temperatures are some of the most dangerous mining accidents. The overall long-term health effects of underground mining conditions is also a hazard. In some countries, miners lack social guarantees and in case of injury may be left to cope without assistance.

In regions with a long mining tradition, many communities have developed cultural traditions and aspects specific to the various regions, in the forms of particular equipment, symbolism, music, and the like.
Ketchikan Indian Community
The Ketchikan Indian Community is a federally recognized Native American tribe in the United States. This Alaska Native tribe is headquartered in Ketchikan, Alaska. Tribal citizens include descendants of Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian, Aleut and other tribal nations.

Aleuts
Aleuts (/ˌæ.liːˈuːt/ ⓘ AL-ee-OOT; Aleut: Unangan (west) or Unangas (east) Russian: Алеуты, romanized: Aleuty) are the Indigenous people of the Aleutian Islands, which are located between the North Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea. Both the Aleuts and the islands are politically divided between the U.S. state of Alaska and the Russian administrative division of Kamchatka Krai. This group is also known as the Unangax̂ in Unangam Tunuu, the Aleut language. There are 13 federally recognized Aleut tribes in the Aleut Region of Alaska. In 2000, Aleuts in Russia were recognized by government decree as a small-numbered Indigenous people.
Quality Education Fund
The Quality Education Fund (Chinese: 優質教育基金; 2 January 1998 – ) is a fund in Hong Kong set up for promoting education reform. It was suggested by Tung Chee-hwa, former Chief Executive of Hong Kong, in his first policy address in October 1997. It is used for funding various quality education programmes in Hong Kong.

After the fund was set up, it obtained five billion HKD from the Government of Hong Kong to support its long-term operation. Initially, the full amount of requested funding will be allocated to the applicants, but now the fund is a matching fund.

Policy Address
In Hong Kong, the Policy Address (Chinese: 施政報告) is the constitutionally mandated annual address to the legislature delivered by the Chief Executive. The practice of giving annual Policy Addresses is mandated under Article 64 of the Basic Law, which requires the government to "present regular Policy Addresses to the [Legislative] Council". Many people see the Policy Address as a useful way to predict how the Chief Executive will operate.
Teofils Biķis
Teofils Biķis (30 August 1952 – 2 November 2000) was a Latvian pianist.

He born in Rucava and was trained at the Moscow Conservatory under Lev Vlassenko, graduating in 1975. That same year he won the Vianna da Motta International Music Competition and was appointed a teacher at the Novosibirsk Conservatory. In 1989 he was promoted to the Latvian Academy of Music, where he held a professorship and led the piano department. He served subsequently as the president of the European Piano Teachers Association's Latvian branch.

Jāzeps Vītols Latvian Academy of Music
Jāzeps Vītols Latvian Academy of Music (Latvian: Jāzepa Vītola Latvijas Mūzikas akadēmija), formerly the Riga Conservatory, is a higher  music conservatory in Riga, Latvia. The junior institute is the Emīls Dārziņš Music School.
Alaska Current
The Alaska Current is a southwestern shallow warm-water current alongside the west coast of the North American continent beginning at about 48-50°N. The Alaska Current produces large clockwise eddies at two sites: west of Haida Gwaii ("Haida Eddies") and west of Sitka, Alaska ("Sitka Eddy").

Sitka, Alaska
Sitka (Tlingit: Sheetʼká; Russian: Ситка) is a unified city-borough in the southeast portion of the U.S. state of Alaska. It was under Russian rule from 1799 to 1867. The city is situated on the west side of Baranof Island and the south half of Chichagof Island in the Alexander Archipelago of the Pacific Ocean (part of the Alaska Panhandle). As of the 2020 census, Sitka had a population of 8,458, making it the fifth-most populated city in the state.

With a consolidated land area of 2,870.3 square miles (7,434 square kilometers) and total area (including water) of 4,811.4 sq mi (12,461 km2), Sitka is the largest city by total area in the U.S.
Friedrich August von Gebler
Friedrich August von Gebler or Fedor Vasilievich Gebler (Russian: Федор Васильевич Геблер; 15 December 1781 – 9 March 1850) was a Prussian physician, explorer, and naturalist who worked in the Russian Empire and was a corresponding member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences of Russia. He described several species of beetle and the Altai snowcock.

Altai snowcock
The Altai snowcock (Tetraogallus altaicus) is a species of bird in the family Phasianidae. It is found in western Mongolia and adjacent areas of China, Kazakhstan and Russia. Its natural habitat is boreal forests.