hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michigan Public Transit Association
The Michigan Public Transit Association (MPTA) is a non-profit statewide association incorporated in 1977 under Section 501(c)6 of the Internal Revenue Code. First organized in 1974, the membership ranges from the largest urban public transit system providers in Michigan to a majority of the smaller rural demand-response systems. Geographically, MPTA membership is distributed throughout the state, from southeast Michigan to the westernmost point of the Upper Peninsula.

MPTA offices have been located in East Lansing since October, 1999, close to Michigan State University and nearby the State Capitol. Much of MPTA's advocacy involves working closely with Michigan's Executive and Legislative branches and the Michigan Department of Transportation.

East Lansing, Michigan
East Lansing is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. Most of the city lies within Ingham County, although a small portion extends north into Clinton County. At the 2020 census, the city had a population of 47,741. The city is located immediately east of Lansing, Michigan's capital and sixth most populous city. Both cities are part of the Lansing–East Lansing metropolitan area.

East Lansing is a college town, and is home to Michigan State University (MSU), one of the largest public universities in the United States. The city is economically and demographically dominated by MSU.
Risley Moss
Risley Moss is an area of peat bog situated near Birchwood in Warrington, England. It is a country park, Site of Special Scientific Interest and a Local Nature Reserve. It covers an area of 210.5 acres (85.2 ha) and is one of the last remaining fragments of the raised bogs that once covered large areas of South Lancashire and North Cheshire.

Local nature reserve
Local nature reserve (LNR) is a statutory designation for certain nature reserves in Great Britain. The Wild Life Conservation Special Committee established them and proposed a national suite of protected areas comprising national nature reserves, conservation areas (which incorporated suggestions for Sites of Special Scientific Interest), national parks, geological monuments, local nature reserves and local educational nature reserves.

There are now over 1,280 LNRs in England, covering almost 40,000 hectares, which range from windswept coastal headlands and ancient woodlands to former inner city railways and long abandoned landfill sites.
Songs for Singles
Songs for Singles is an EP by the American rock band Torche. The album was released on September 21, 2010, through Hydra Head Records. It is the first Torche album, and second release after the split single Chapter Ahead Being Fake, to not feature guitarist Juan Montoya.

Hydra Head Records
Hydra Head Records was an independent record label specializing in extreme metal music, founded in New Mexico by Aaron Turner (the frontman of Isis) in 1993. It had another imprint, Hydra Head Noise Industries, which specialized in experimental and noise music. Turner announced he was winding the label down in 2012. In 2020, the label removed its catalog from Spotify and returned its album rights back to several artists.
Taractrocera anisomorpha
Taractrocera anisomorpha, the large yellow grass-dart or orange grass-dart, is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. It is found in the Northern Territory, Queensland and Western Australia.

The habitat consists of open eucalypt forests.

The wingspan is about 20 mm.

The larvae feed on Setaria paspalidioides, Eulalia aurea and Sorghum bicolor.

Eulalia aurea
Eulalia aurea is a grass (in the Poaceae family). It was first described as Andropogon aureum in 1804 by Bory de Saint-Vincent but was transferred to the genus, Eulalia, in 1830 by Kunth.

The Walmajarri people of the southern Kimberley call it "Water grass" and Jirtapuru.
Kitchener Fire Department
The Kitchener Fire Department provides fire protection, technical rescue services, hazardous materials response, and first responder emergency medical assistance to the city of Kitchener, Ontario. The department has seven fire stations and 229 employees.

Fire protection
Fire protection is the study and practice of mitigating the unwanted effects of potentially destructive fires. It involves the study of the behaviour, compartmentalisation, suppression and investigation of fire and its related emergencies, as well as the research and development, production, testing and application of mitigating systems. In structures, be they land-based, offshore or even ships, owners and operators may be responsible for maintaining their facilities in accordance with a design-basis rooted in law, including local building and fire codes.

Buildings must be maintained in accordance with the current fire code, enforced by fire prevention officers of a local fire department. In the event of fire emergencies, Firefighters, fire investigators, and other fire prevention personnel are called to mitigate, investigate and learn from the damage of a fire.
Sfinks Festival
Sfinks is a global pop festival that takes place annually in Boechout, Belgium, a village southeast of Antwerp. The first edition dates back to 1976. The festival usually takes place on the last weekend of July. Since 2023, Slinks has been organizing two festivals: the one-day festival "Sfinks Mundial" in May, and the four-day festival "Sfinks Mixed" in July.

Both festivals are free and focus on sustainability, accessibility, gender equality,  and safety for everyone.

Gary Thomas (musician)
Gary Thomas (born June 10, 1961) is an American jazz saxophonist and flautist, born in Baltimore, Maryland. He was a member of Jack DeJohnette's Special Edition band and has worked with John McLaughlin, Herbie Hancock, Pat Metheny, John Scofield, Jim Hall, Dave Holland, Greg Osby, Wayne Shorter, Ravi Coltrane, Cassandra Wilson, Wallace Roney, Steve Coleman, and Miles Davis.

Thomas was the Director and Chair of Jazz Studies at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore.
O with macron (Cyrillic)
O with macron (О̄ о̄; italics: О̄ о̄) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. In all its forms it looks exactly like the Latin letter O with macron (Ō ō Ō ō).

O with macron are used in the Evenki, Mansi, Nanai, Negidal, Orok, Ulch, Kildin Sami, Selkup, and Chechen languages.

O with macron also appears in the Rusyn language in Ukraine, representing a close allophone of /o/. However, this letter primarily features in materials for beginning readers; the same sound is otherwise represented with the Cyrillic letter O.

Negidal language
Negidal (also spelled Neghidal) is a language of the Tungusic family spoken in the Russian Far East, mostly in Khabarovsk Krai, along the lower reaches of the Amur River. Negidal belongs to the Northern branch of Tungusic, together with Evenki and Even. It is particularly close to Evenki, to the extent that it is occasionally referred to as a dialect of Evenki.
Snak King
Snak King is a privately owned snack food manufacturer founded in 1978, headquartered in Industry, California. Snak King manufactures potato chips, tortilla chips, nuts, popcorn and other snacks under private label as well its own proprietary brand names
. The company is one of the largest manufacturers of snack foods in the United States, employing about 950 people and operating more than 600,000 square feet of manufacturing and warehouse space.

In December 2011, Snak King acquired C.J. Vitner Company, a Chicago based manufacturer and distributor of snack foods.

Distributor
A distributor  is an electric and mechanical device used in the ignition system of older spark-ignition engines. The distributor's main function is to route electricity from the ignition coil to each spark plug at the correct time.
2022 NBBF Premier League
The 2022 NBBF Premier League was the 21st season of the Nigerian Premier League, the top division of professional basketball in Nigeria. After the 2021 season was organised by the Nigerian Ministry of Youth and Sports, the organisation returned to the Nigeria Basketball Federation (NBBF) this season.

Rivers Hoopers were the defending champions, however, they were eliminated in the semi-finals. Kwara Falcons won their first-ever national championship and qualified directly for the 2023 BAL season. The Falcons' Dada Samuel, who was still a high school student at the time, was named MVP during his first appearance in the Final 8.

Nigerian Premier League (basketball)
The Nigerian Premier Basketball League, often abbreviated to the NPL, is the pre-eminent men's professional basketball league in Nigeria. The league consists of sixteen teams who are categorized into two conferences based on the geographical location. These conferences are Savannah and the Atlantic.
Boonville Airport (California)
Boonville Airport (FAA LID: D83), formerly Q17, is a public airport located one mile (1.6 km) northwest of the central business district (CBD) of Boonville, a town in Anderson Valley in Mendocino County, California, United States. It is mostly used for general aviation.

Boonville, California
Boonville (formerly The Corners and Kendall's City) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Mendocino County, California, United States. It is located 12.5 miles (20 km) southwest of Ukiah, at an elevation of 381 feet (116 m). The population was 1,018 at the 2020 census.
Jean Aubert (architect)
Jean Aubert (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ obɛʁ]; ca. 1680 – 13 October 1741) was a French architect, the most successful of the Régence and designer of two of the most important buildings of the period: the stables of the Château de Chantilly and the Hôtel Biron in Paris. He also created innovative interior designs, the most notable, the separation of private and public spaces for the Palais Bourbon in Paris.

Princes of Condé
The Most Serene House of Bourbon-Condé (pronounced [buʁbɔ̃ kɔ̃de]), named after Condé-en-Brie (now in the Aisne département), was a French princely house and a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon. The name of the house was derived from the title of Prince of Condé (French: prince de Condé) that was originally assumed around 1557 by the French Protestant leader Louis de Bourbon (1530–1569), uncle of King Henry IV of France, and borne by his male-line descendants.

This line became extinct in 1830 when his eighth-generation descendant, Louis Henri Joseph de Bourbon, died without surviving male issue. The princely title was held for one last time by Louis d'Orléans, Prince of Condé, who died in 1866.
Billy Hamill
William Gordon Hamill (born 23 May 1970) is an American international motorcycle speedway rider. He is a former Speedway World Champion, winning the title in 1996 and earned 29 caps for the United States national speedway team.

Vojens
Vojens  (German: Woyens) is a railway town in Denmark with a population of 7,424 (1 January 2025). It was the main town of the now abolished Vojens Municipality, now the second largest town of Haderslev Municipality in Region of Southern Denmark.

Vojens is located 41 km east of Ribe, 33 km south of Vejen, 29 km north of Aabenraa and 14 km west of Haderslev.
Migration policy of Azerbaijan
In Azerbaijan, migration policy is handled by the State Migration Service, and appropriate departments of Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of Population, Ministry of Healthcare, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of İnternal Affairs, State Border Service, State Committee of Republic of Azerbaijan for Refugees and IDPs and State Security Service. Migration Code, Law on Citizenship, Law on Immigration are the foundations of migration policy in Azerbaijan. An independent migration office, the State Migration Service, was established on March 19, 2007 to regulate fast-paced migrants and prepare comprehensive and efficient migration policies.

State Security Service (Azerbaijan)
The State Security Service (Azerbaijani: Dövlət Təhlükəsizlik Xidməti; DTX) is the principle domestic intelligence agency and secret police of Azerbaijan, created out of the 2015 dissolution of the Ministry of National Security. The DTX was established by Presidential Decree 706 of 14 December 2015, issued by Ilham Aliyev. Headquartered in Baku, the agency has been led by Colonel General Ali Naghiyev since June 2019.

Its foreign intelligence counterpart is the Foreign Intelligence Service.
Duncan Probert
Duncan Probert (born 13 April 1961, died on 15 December 2016) was a scholar of early medieval British place- and personal names, one of the editors of the Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland, and a council member of the English Place-Name Society from 2005 to his death. He was particularly noted for his work in his doctoral thesis and subsequent publications revising scholars' 'understanding of the relationship between the West Saxons and the Britons of the south west' in early medieval Britain. This included major contributions to understanding Kingston place-names in England, and 'searching' and 'painstaking' research showing 'how close scrutiny of charters and their bounds can allow detailed understanding of earlier land units and landscapes'.

Charter
A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term. In early medieval Britain, charters transferred land from donors to recipients.

The word entered the English language from the Old French charte, via Latin charta, and ultimately from Greek χάρτης (khartes, meaning "layer of papyrus"). It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of rights or privileges.
2023 MPBL Preseason Invitational
The 2023 MPBL Preseason Invitational was the preseason pocket tournament for the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League's 2023 season and the second edition of the MPBL Preseason Invitational. The tournament began February 21, 2023 and ended with the final game on February 27, 2023 when the Zamboanga Family's Brand Sardines beat the Nueva Ecija Rice Vanguards, 88–80. Dexter Maiquez was crowned the tournament's MVP.

The tournament was once again held at a single venue, this time being the Lagao Gymnasium in General Santos, home of the GenSan Warriors, with a format is similar to that of the previous edition, albeit downsized to accommodate the smaller pool of teams.

General Santos
General Santos, officially the City of General Santos and abbreviated as GenSan, is a highly urbanized city in the region of Soccsksargen, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 722,059 people making it the most populous city in Soccsksargen Region.

It is located on the island of Mindanao, it is the southernmost and 13th-most populous city in the Philippines. It is the regional center for commerce and industry of the Soccsksargen region, and it is also the only coastal as well as the largest city in the province of South Cotabato wherein it is geographically situated and grouped under the province by the Philippine Statistics Authority but administered independently of it.
Neustadtl
The term Neustadtl is the German name for:

Nové Mesto nad Váhom in Slovakia

Nové Město na Moravě in the Czech Republic

Novo Mesto in Slovenia

The Neustadtl score is a scoring system often used to break ties in chess tournaments

Neustadtl score

Nové Město na Moravě
Nové Město na Moravě (Czech pronunciation: [ˈnovɛː ˈmɲɛsto ˈna moravjɛ] ⓘ; German: Neustadt in Mähren) is a town in Žďár nad Sázavou District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 9,800 inhabitants. Located in the Křižanov Highlands, Nové Město na Moravě is a winter sports resort, known primarily for hosting biathlon competitions.

Among the most important feudal owners of the town was the Pernštejn family, during whose rule in the 16th century the town experienced its greatest prosperity. The historic town centre with Renaissance, Baroque and Neoclassical houses is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Çakıllı
Çakıllı (former Erenler and Çakalondon) is a town (belde) in the Vize District, Kırklareli Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,981 (2022). The town is situated on Turkish state highway D.020 which connects İstanbul to Kırklareli. Distance to Vize is 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) and to Kırklareli is 66 kilometres (41 mi). The earliest inhabitants around Çakıllı were Thracians of the ancient ages. In Middle Ages it was a part of the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires. Turkish traveller Evliya Çelebi described the settlement as  a settlement where Turks and Greeks lived together in the 17th century. After the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878) Turkish refugees from Bulgaria were also settled in Çakıllı. Çakıllı was declared a seat of township in 1969.

Belde
Belde (literally "town", also known as kasaba) means "large village with a municipality" in Turkish.

All Turkish province centers and district centers have municipalities, but the villages are usually too small to have municipalities. The population in some villages may exceed 2000 and in such villages a small municipality may be established depending on residents' choice. Such villages are called belde. Up to 2014 the number of belde municipalities was about 1400.

On 30 March 2014 by the act no. 6360 all villages (those with and without municipality) were included in the urban fabric of the district municipalities in 30 provinces. Thus belde municipalities in 30 provinces were abolished. The number of abolished belde municipalities is 1040.

Presently, in 51 provinces, which are not in the scope of the act no 6360, there are still 394 belde municipalities.
Jovan Ćulibrk
Jovan Ćulibrk (Serbian Cyrillic: Јован Ћулибрк; born 16 April 1965), is a Serbian Orthodox prelate who is the current bishop of Pakrac and Slavonia of the Serbian Orthodox Church, from 2014. Before that, he was titular bishop of Lipljan between 1999 and 2014. Ćulibrk was an active music critic and author about rock and roll and pop culture.

Music criticism
The Oxford Companion to Music defines music criticism as "the intellectual activity of formulating judgments on the value and degree of excellence of individual works of music, or whole groups or genres". In this sense, it is a branch of musical aesthetics.

With the concurrent expansion of interest in music and information media since the turn of the 20th century, the term has come to acquire the conventional meaning of journalistic reporting on musical performances.
Gossops Green & Ifield East (electoral division)
51°07′04″N 0°12′52″W﻿ / ﻿51.11764°N 0.21458°W﻿ / 51.11764; -0.21458

Gossops Green & Ifield East is an electoral division of West Sussex in the United Kingdom, and returns one member to sit on West Sussex County Council.

West Sussex County Council
West Sussex County Council is the upper tier local authority for the non-metropolitan county of West Sussex in England.

The county also contains seven district and borough councils, and 158 town, parish and neighbourhood councils. The county council has 70 elected councillors. The chief executive and directors are responsible for the day-to-day running of the council.

Since 1997, West Sussex County Council has been controlled by the Conservative Party.
Michael Wainwright (racing driver)
Michael Stuart Wainwright (born 25 July 1973) is a British racing driver and oil businessman who competes in the FIA World Endurance Championship for GR Racing.

Wainwright made his professional career at oil trading company Trafigura from 1996 to 2023. Being the protégé of the company's founder Claude Dauphin, he ultimately served as COO of the group based in Geneva. He is listed among the 300 wealthiest individuals of Switzerland, with an estimated fortune of 300-400 millions swiss francs. In 2022, following a very profitable year on the oil market following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, he acquired a property in Geneva for 49.5 million swiss francs.

In December 2023, Wainwright was charged by the Swiss Federal Criminal Court and the US Department of Justice over allegations of bribing public officials in Angola and Brazil, together with two other individuals. In January 2025, he was sentenced to 32 months in prison on charges of bribery, with 20 months being suspended.

Claude Dauphin (businessman)
Claude Dauphin (10 June 1951 – 30 September 2015) was a French billionaire businessman and executive chairman of Trafigura Beheer BV, a company specialising in commodity trading (oil, metals, ores). He was a founding partner of Trafigura and its CEO for a time. In March 2013, his net worth was estimated at $1 billion by Forbes.
Banwari Lal (revolutionary)
Banwari Lal Bhargava (pronunciationⓘ) was a member of Hindustan Republican Association, who participated in the Kakori train robbery, carried out in August 1925 to buy ammunition for revolutionary activities and protests against British rule in India. He lived in Shahjahanpur, in the present-day state of Uttar Pradesh, India. He became an approver in the subsequent court case concerning that robbery for monetary gains and to evade punishment.

A member of the Hindustan Republican Association (later known as the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association), Banwari Lal was arrested at Raibareli and sent to Lucknow jail. He became an approver (traitor for HRA), then also he was sentenced for five years imprisonment.

Bhargava's name was not included in the autobiography of Ram Prasad Bismil, as Bismil feared that revealing it could bring serious consequences for Bhargava and his family.

Turn state's evidence
A criminal turns state's evidence by admitting guilt and testifying as a witness for the state against their associate(s) or accomplice(s), often in exchange for leniency in sentencing or immunity from prosecution. The testimony of a witness who testifies against co-conspirator(s) may be important evidence.

According to a 2008 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime document, persons who turn state's evidence "are known by a variety of names, including cooperating witnesses, crown witnesses, snitches, witness collaborators, justice collaborators, state witnesses, 'supergrasses', macarons and pentiti (Italian for 'those who have repented')."
Daniel S. Kemp
Daniel Schaeffer Kemp (October 20, 1936 – May 2, 2020) was an American organic chemist, an emeritus professor of chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Kemp's work was focused on the synthesis and conformational analysis of peptides. He developed several chemical ligation strategies and methods for templating the formation of helices and sheets. The eponymous Kemp's triacid and the Kemp elimination reaction (and the Kemp decarboxylation variant) are among his developments. He was the author of an organic chemistry textbook. He died from COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts.

Chemical ligation
Chemical ligation is the chemoselective condensation of unprotected peptide segments enabled by the formation of a non-native bond at the ligation site.

Chemical ligation is usually carried out in aqueous solution. Multiple consecutive chemical ligation reactions can be used to make proteins of the typical size found in nature, i.e. with polypeptide chains containing 200–300 amino acids, produced by total synthesis.