hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sultan Mahmud Khan
Sultan Mahmud Khan (Punjabi: سلطان محمود خان, died 1859) was a Punjabi Muslim commander of the Sikh Khalsa Army, in the Sikh Empire. His derah of artillery was designated as Topkhana Sultan Mahmud. He is regarded as one of the best commanding officers of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.

He is best known for showcasing his bravery in Battle of Multan, Battle of Hairdu, Battle of Shopian and the Anglo-Sikh Wars: Battle of Ramnagar and Battle of Chillianwala, in which the Sikh army defeated the forces of Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough.

Punjabi Muslims
Punjabi Muslims (Punjabi: پن٘جابی مُسلمان) are Punjabis who are adherents of Islam. With a population of more than 112 million, they are the third-largest predominantly Islam-adhering Muslim ethnicity in the world, after Arabs and Bengalis.

The majority of Punjabi Muslims are adherents of Sunni Islam, while a minority adhere to Shia Islam. Most of them are primarily geographically native to the Pakistani province of Punjab, but a large group of them have ancestry across the Punjab region as a whole. Punjabi Muslims speak or identify with the Punjabi language (under a Perso-Arabic script known as Shahmukhi) as their mother tongue.
Augustalis (bishop)
Augustalis (fl. 441-442) was the first bishop of Toulon, according to some authorities. He was appointed in 441. He attended the Council of Orange that year, and the Council of Vaison the following. He is associated with the civitas of Arles (ancient Arelate) by the Martyrologium Hieronymianum, which honors him on September 7. He is also named by the Martyrologium romanum on that day, with his location noted as in Gallia. An Augustalis, most likely this man, appears among a group of bishops addressed by Pope Leo I in letters dated 22 August 449 and 5 May 450, the latter of which addresses issues of jurisdiction between Arles and Vienne.

Christianity in Gaul
Gaul was an important early center of Latin Christianity during late antiquity and the Merovingian period. By the mid-3rd century, several churches had been organized in Roman Gaul. In 314, shortly after the end of persecution, the bishops of the Latin world assembled at Arles.  The Church of Gaul faced three major crises during the late Roman period: Arianism, Priscillianism, and Pelagianism. Under Merovingian rule, a number of "Frankish synods" were held, reflecting a particularly Germanic development in the Western Church. A model for these later synods was set by Clovis I, who organized the First Council of Orléans in 511.
The Magic Friend
"The Magic Friend" is a song by Belgian/Dutch Eurodance band 2 Unlimited. It was released in August 1992 by Byte Records as the fourth and final single from their debut album, Get Ready! (1992). The UK release once again omitted Ray Slijngaard's rap, which lasted for 16 bars three times through, but did include some of the vocals from Anita Doth, with the "mocking chorus echoes" being abandoned as only Ray's part remains, thus leaving Anita's sole vocals as "disembodied whispers" during the middle eight. The single experienced chart success in many European countries, including Finland, where it topped the chart. Its accompanying music video was directed by David Betteridge and filmed in Australia. The Dutch leading afternoon radio program on national pop outlet Radio 3 FM/Hilversum renamed itself "The Magic Friend", after the single.

NPO 3FM
NPO 3FM is a Dutch rhythmic CHR radio station controlled by public broadcaster NPO. The vast majority of the songs played on-air are rock, alternative, indie and pop, though dance and Mega Top 30 tracks may also air at times.
Ann-Cecilie Larsen
Ann-Cecilie Larsen (born 14 February 1980) is a Norwegian nuclear physicist and nuclear astrophysicist, whose research interests include reaction rates in the astrophysical creation of heavy elements. She is an associate professor of nuclear and energy physics at the University of Oslo.

Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter.

Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the atom as a whole, including its electrons.

Discoveries in nuclear physics have led to applications in many fields such as nuclear power, nuclear weapons, nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging, industrial and agricultural isotopes, ion implantation in materials engineering, and radiocarbon dating in geology and archaeology. Such applications are studied in the field of nuclear engineering.

Particle physics evolved out of nuclear physics and the two fields are typically taught in close association. Nuclear astrophysics, the application of nuclear physics to astrophysics, is crucial in explaining the inner workings of stars and the origin of the chemical elements.
Lake Kivijärvi (South Karelia)
Lake Kivijärvi is a medium-sized lake in South Karelia, Eastern Finland, with a total area of 76.4 square kilometres (29 sq mi). The name Kivijärvi is rather common name of the lake. In Finland there are 121 lakes with the same name. This one is the second biggest.

South Karelia
South Karelia (or Southern Karelia, Finnish: Etelä-Karjala; Swedish: Södra Karelen) is a region of Finland. It borders the regions of Kymenlaakso, South Savo and North Karelia, as well as Russia (Republic of Karelia and Leningrad Oblast).
Coldrick
Coldrick is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David Coldrick, Gaelic football referee

Graham Coldrick (born 1945), Welsh footballer

Percy Coldrick (1888–1953), Welsh rugby player

Percy Coldrick (trade unionist) (Albert Percival Coldrick; 1913–1999); British trade union leader

William Coldrick (1894–1975), British politician

David Coldrick
David Coldrick is a Gaelic football referee from County Meath. A member of the Blackhall Gaels club, he has refereed four finals of the All-Ireland SFC.

Seán Moran, writing in The Irish Times in 2015, described Coldrick as "one of the least excitable referees on the inter-county scene. What might have been seen as diffidence earlier in his career has evolved into a patient and punctiliously polite demeanour, like a schoolteacher with a difficult class". In 2022, Martin Breheny named him among "five of the best football referees".
La Venoge (poem)
"La Venoge" is a poem written by Jean Villard, proprietor of the cabaret "Chez Gilles", who also wrote the popular song Les trois cloches. It refers to the River Venoge that flows in the Canton of Vaud, Switzerland to Lake Léman. The poem, which is a vibrant and humorous homage to the author's canton, inspired Jacques Brel for his famous song  Le Plat Pays (see  underneath Quote).

Many French Swiss, jokingly consider it as a kind of national anthem representing best their "minority entity" feelings towards the German Swiss vast majority, (see  and Röstigraben): "La Venoge" being the only significant river in canton of Vaud contributing to the "French" Rhône basin, all others flowing through the German Swiss Area into the Rhine River.

Röstigraben
Röstigraben (German pronunciation: [ˈrøːstiˌɡraːbən]; lit. 'Rösti ditch'  or 'Rösti trench', also transcribed Röschtigraben to reflect the Swiss German pronunciation [ˈrøːʃtiˌɡrabə]) is a term used to refer to the cultural boundary between German-speaking Switzerland and Romandy, the French-speaking parts. There is also the term Polentagraben, referring to the boundary between German-speaking cantons and the Italian-speaking canton of Ticino.

The term first appeared during World War I, when neutral Switzerland stood between the warring German Empire and the French Republic.
Manoma
The Manoma is a river in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It is the main, right tributary of the Anyuy. It flows between Khabarovsk and Komsomolsk-on-Amur. It is 198 kilometres (123 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 2,450 square kilometres (950 sq mi). It originates on the slopes of Sikhote-Alin mountain range. In its upper reaches it is a typical mountain river, downstream it flows through flat fields.

Komsomolsk-on-Amur
Komsomolsk-on-Amur (Russian: Комсомольск-на-Амуре, romanized: Komsomolsk-na-Amure, IPA: [kəmsɐˈmolʲsk nɐ‿ɐˈmurʲə]) is a city in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, located on the west bank of the Amur River in the Russian Far East. It is located on the Baikal-Amur Mainline, 356 kilometers (221 mi) northeast of Khabarovsk. Population: 238,505 (2021 census); 263,906 (2010 census); 281,035 (2002 census); 315,325 (1989 Soviet census).
Hilliard Gates Sports Center
Hilliard Gates Sports Center is a multi-purpose arena located in the northeast corner of the Purdue University Fort Wayne campus, in Fort Wayne, Indiana. It opened in 1981 and contains 68,106 square feet (6,327.3 m2) of space. It is home to the Purdue Fort Wayne Mastodons volleyball and men's and women's basketball teams.

The venue is named for former area sportscaster Hilliard Gates. Before being renamed in his honor in 1991, the Gates Center was known as the Multipurpose Building.

The center was damaged by two burst pipes in 2019, which released 20,000 to 40,000 gallons of water, forcing the cancellation of an indoor track meet.

In addition to its use as a venue for intercollegiate competition, the Gates Center also has fitness facilities for students and faculty. Alumni and members of the general public may also use these facilities by purchasing a pass.

Purdue University Fort Wayne
Purdue University Fort Wayne (PFW) is a public university in Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States. A campus of Purdue University, Purdue Fort Wayne was founded on July 1, 2018, when its predecessor university, Indiana University–Purdue University Fort Wayne formally split into two separate institutions: Purdue University Fort Wayne and Indiana University Fort Wayne.

Its athletic teams are the Purdue Fort Wayne Mastodons. Most of the university's 14 men's and women's athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA Horizon League; the men's volleyball team competes in the Midwestern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association.
My Country's Wings
My Country's Wings (Spanish: Alas de mi patria) is a 1939 Argentine film directed and written by Carlos F. Borcosque during the Golden Age of Argentine cinema. The film stars Enrique Muiño, Pablo Palitos and Delia Garcés. The film is centered on the lives of men in Argentine Army Aviation.

Carlos F. Borcosque
Carlos Francisco Borcosque Sánchez  (9 September 1894 – 5 September 1965) was a Chilean film director and screenwriter notable for his work during the Golden Age of Argentine cinema.

Borcosque was born in Valparaíso. He established Estudios Cinematográficos Borcosque in Santiago in 1922 and directed several Chilean silent movies before he moved to Hollywood in 1926 where he worked as a consultant on Latin-based movies, and had a spell working for Paramount Pictures. Between 1922 and his death in 1965 Borcosque was responsible for directing and screenwriting mostly simultaneously some 45 different feature films including the 1951 film El alma de los niños. He died in Buenos Aires.
Ghetto Hymns
Ghetto Hymns is the solo debut studio album by American contemporary R&B singer Dave Hollister. It was released by DreamWorks Records on May 25, 1999 (1999-05-25), in the United States. His first effort (after his success with Blackstreet), the album was co-produced by Hollister and Erick Sermon. It peaked at number 34 on the US Billboard 200.

Three singles were released from the album: "My Favorite Girl", "Can't Stay" and "Baby Mama Drama". "My Favorite Girl" is Hollister's only hit to date on the US Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 39 in 1999. The album was certified gold on March 6, 2000 (2000-03-06). In addition to original songs, the album contains covers of the Michael McDonald song "I Keep Forgettin' (Every Time You're Near)" and the Twinkie Clark-Terrell song "In Him There is No Sorrow"  (listed on the album as "Keep Forgettin'" and "Respect 2 Him", respectively).

DreamWorks Records
DreamWorks Records (often referred in copyright notices as SKG Music, LLC) was an American record label founded in 1996 by David Geffen, Mo Ostin, his son Michael Ostin and Lenny Waronker as a subsidiary of DreamWorks Pictures. The label operated until January 9, 2005, when it was sold to Universal Music Group. The label itself also featured a Nashville, Tennessee-based subsidiary, DreamWorks Nashville, which specialized in country music and was shut down in 2005 then moved to MCA Nashville. The company's logo was designed by Roy Lichtenstein and was his last commission before his death on September 29, 1997. DreamWorks Pictures's DreamWorks Records catalogue is managed by Music Corporation of America, while its DreamWorks Nashville catalogue is managed by MCA Nashville.
Chetak Express
The 20473 / 20474 Chetak Express is a Superfast Express train belonging to Indian Railways – North Western Railway zone that runs between Udaipur City and Delhi Sarai Rohilla in India.

It operates as train number 20474 from Udaipur City to Delhi Sarai Rohilla and as train number 20473 in the reverse direction, serving the states of Rajasthan, Haryana & Delhi.

It is named after the legendary horse of Maharana Pratap – Chetak who has been immortalized in the ballads of Rajasthan. Previously this train ran as a Meter-Gauge Express till 2004 to Udaipur City & till 2007 to Chittaurgarh.

Chetak
Chetak or Cetak is the name given in traditional literature to the horse ridden by Maharana Pratap at the Battle of Haldighati, fought on 18 June 1576 at Haldighati, in the Aravalli Mountains of Rajasthan, in western India.: 45
Jerome Bruner
Jerome Seymour Bruner (October 1, 1915 – June 5, 2016) was an American psychologist who made significant contributions to human cognitive psychology and cognitive learning theory in educational psychology. Bruner was a senior research fellow at the New York University School of Law. He received a BA in 1937 from Duke University and a PhD from Harvard University in 1941. He taught and conducted research at Harvard University, the University of Oxford, and New York University.  A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Bruner as the 28th most cited psychologist of the 20th century.

Cognitive psychology
Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of human mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning. Cognitive psychology originated in the 1960s in a break from behaviorism, which held from the 1920s to 1950s that unobservable mental processes were outside the realm of empirical science. This break came as researchers in linguistics, cybernetics, and applied psychology used models of mental processing to explain human behavior. Work derived from cognitive psychology was integrated into other branches of psychology and various other modern disciplines like cognitive science, linguistics, and economics.
Sequestered (TV series)
Sequestered is an American thriller television series created by Aaron Tracy, airing via online streaming video service Crackle. The first six episodes were released online on August 5, 2014, and the second set of six episodes were released on October 14. The show is no longer available on the Crackle service or Netflix but is now available on the 7plus service for free.

Crackle (service)
Crackle was an American-based video streaming service. It was founded in 2004 as Grouper, before the service was purchased by Sony Pictures in 2006 and renamed Crackle. In 2018, the name was changed to Sony Crackle. Sony sold a majority stake to Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment in March 2019, and the name was changed back to Crackle. In July 2024, Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment was placed in Chapter 7 liquidation, which entailed a liquidation of the company's assets and the cessation of its subsidiaries, including Crackle; while all other subsidiaries were closed, the Chapter 7 trustee kept the Crackle website operating for the United States until June 2025.
Rabbit, Run (film)
Rabbit, Run  is a 1970 American independent drama film directed by Jack Smight and written and produced by Howard B. Kreitsek, based on John Updike's 1960 novel. It stars James Caan as Rabbit Angstrom, Carrie Snodgress as Rabbit's wife Janice, and Anjanette Comer as his girlfriend Ruth. It co-stars Jack Albertson as Coach Marty Tothero, Arthur Hill as Rev. Jack Eccles, and Henry Jones and Josephine Hutchinson as Rabbit's parents.

Jack Smight
John Ronald Smight (March 9, 1925 – September 1, 2003) was an American theatre and film director. His film credits include Harper (1966), No Way to Treat a Lady (1968), Airport 1975 (1974), Midway (1976), and Fast Break (1979).
Altai Nature Reserve
Altai Nature Reserve (Russian: Алтайский заповедник, also called Altayskiy Zapovednik) is a Russian zapovednik ('sanctuary, strict nature reserve') in the Altai Mountains of south Siberia, Russia. It is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Golden Mountains of Altai", recognized as an area of high biodiversity and isolation from human intrusion.   It is also included in the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves. The Altai Reserve includes the 30 km (19-mile) east bank of Lake Teletskoye and stretches 230 km (140 miles) into the high mountains to the southeast of the lake. It is situated in Ulagansky District and Turochaksky District in the north and east of the Altai Republic.

Turochaksky District
Turochaksky District (Russian: Туроча́кский райо́н; Altay: Турачак аймак, Turaçak aymak) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Altai Republic, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic. The area of the district is 11,015 square kilometers (4,253 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Turochak. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 12,484, with the population of Turochak accounting for 44.7% of that number.
M.S.S. Wakf Board College
Muqayyath Sha Sirguro Wakf Board College (Tamil: மு.ஷா.ச.வக்ஃபு வாரியக் கல்லூரி; also Muqyyath, Myqyyath, MSS) is a Muslim minority institution and the only college in India run by the Wakf Board. Established in 1968, it is the first Muslim institution, and one of the oldest academic institutions, in Madurai. The college offers seven undergraduate courses and two postgraduate courses in the aided stream. The college also offers five undergraduate courses, two postgraduate courses, and a postgraduate diploma and diploma in Computer Applications in the self-financing stream. It has been accredited by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council with a "B" grade.

Student financial aid
Student financial aid (or student financial support, or student aid) is financial support given to individuals who are furthering their education. Student financial aid can come in a number of forms, including scholarships, grants, student loans, and work study programs. Each of these methods of providing financial support to students has its advantages and drawbacks.

Many countries have some kind of financial aid program for their students. In countries that provide education to all at nominal cost, financial aid may have only a tertiary link to educational status, instead tied to the economic conditions of the family, and financial support for students is primarily indirect. In Belgium, for example, "[t]here is no system of student loans and direct support is only given in the form of means-tested grants to students from low-income families", which constitutes a very limited proportion of students.
Mark Horrocks
Mark Horrocks (born 13 January 1977) is a former English cricketer.  Horrocks was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace.  He was born in Hereford, Herefordshire.

Horrocks made his debut for Herefordshire in the 2001 Minor Counties Championship against Berkshire.  From 2001 to 2004, he represented the county in 7 Championship matches, the last of which came against Berkshire.  His MCCA Knockout Trophy debut for the county came against the Gloucestershire Cricket Board in 2002.  From 2002 to 2004, he represented the county in 6 Trophy matches, the last of which came against Wiltshire.

He also represented Herefordshire in 2 List A matches.  These came against Oxfordshire in the 1st round of the 2004 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which was played in 2003 and Worcestershire in the 2nd round of the same competition, which was played in 2004.  In his 2 matches, he took a single wicket at a bowling average of 78.00, with best figures of 1/46.

Wiltshire County Cricket Club
Wiltshire County Cricket Club is one of twenty minor county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. Founded in 1893, it represents the historic county of Wiltshire.

The team is a member of the Minor Counties Championship Western Division and plays in the MCCA Knockout Trophy. Wiltshire played List A matches occasionally from 1964 until 2005 but is not classified as a List A team per se.

The club is a member of Wiltshire Cricket Limited, the governing body for cricket in the county.
Tunkalilla
Tunkalilla is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located on the south coast of the Fleurieu Peninsula overlooking Backstairs Passage about 83 kilometres (52 miles) south of the state capital of  Adelaide.

Tunkalilla’s boundaries were created in August 1999 along with the selection of its name which is derived from prior uses of the name for features such as a creek, a beach and a homestead.

As of 2015, the principal land use within the locality is primary production uses such as agriculture.  A secondary land use is conservation which includes the protected area known as the Eric Bonython Conservation Park and the coastline overlooking Backstairs Passage.

Tunkalilla is located within the federal division of Mayo, the state electoral district of Mawson and the local government area of the District Council of Yankalilla.

Eric Bonython Conservation Park
Eric Bonython Conservation Park (formerly Eric Bonython National Parks Reserve) is a protected area in South Australia located about 16 kilometres (9.9 miles) south of the town of the Yankalilla.

The conservation park was proclaimed under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 in 1972. On 9 November 1967, it was proclaimed under the National Parks Act 1966 as Eric Bonython National Parks Reserve. Prior to 1967, it was already under statutory protection.

As of 2011, the conservation park was described as being "a fine, but small, example of the pre-European settlement vegetation that once covered this area". The conservation park contains a dominant forest of messmate stringybark with an understorey including "tall shrubs and mid ferns" as well as the nationally endangered perennial herb, Osborn's eyebright.

The conservation park is classified as an IUCN Category Ia protected area.
Merola
Merola is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gaetano Merola (1881–1953), Italian composer, pianist and opera manager

Mario Merola (1934–2006), Italian singer and actor

Virginio Merola (born 1955), Italian politician

Mario Merola (singer)
Mario Merola (Italian pronunciation: [ˈmaːrjo ˈmɛːrola]; 6 April, 1934 – 12 November, 2006) was an Italian singer and actor. He has been nicknamed "The King of the Sceneggiata" (Italian: il Re della sceneggiata), a type of regional drama originating in Naples and later finding more widespread recognition.