hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Harry J. Karns
Harry John Karns (1880 – April 29, 1956) was an Arizona politician who served a single term in the Arizona State Senate during the 2nd Arizona State Legislature.  He served 3 consecutive terms as mayor of Nogales from 1927 to 1933.  While in office, he oversaw the paving of the streets of Nogales, installation of a sewer system, and street lights.

2nd Arizona State Legislature
The 2nd Arizona State Legislature, consisting of the Arizona State Senate and the Arizona House of Representatives, was constituted from January 1, 1915, to December 31, 1916, during the second term of George W. P. Hunt as governor of Arizona, in Phoenix. The number of senators and representatives remained constant, at 19 and 35 respectively. The Democrats increased their lead in both houses, winning 18 of the 19 senate seats, and winning a clean sweep of the house, 35–0.
Ziklag (organization)
Ziklag is a Christian dominionist organization named after the biblical city of Ziklag. Its membership is exclusively for individuals with a net worth over $25 million as well as faith-based interests. The organization's goal is to "take dominion over the Seven Mountains" of society.

ProPublica
ProPublica, Inc. (/proʊˈpʌblɪkə/), is a nonprofit investigative journalism organization based in New York City. ProPublica's investigations are conducted by its staff of full-time reporters, and the resulting stories are distributed to news partners for publication or broadcast. In some cases, reporters from both ProPublica and its partners work together on a story. ProPublica has partnered with more than 90 different news organizations and has won several Pulitzer Prizes.

In 2010, ProPublica became the first online news source to win a Pulitzer Prize; the story chronicled the urgent life-and-death decisions made by one hospital's exhausted doctors when they were cut off by the floodwaters of Hurricane Katrina, and it was published both in the New York Times Magazine and on ProPublica's website.
Rupert Price Hallowes
Rupert Price Hallowes VC MC (5 May 1881 – 30 September 1915) was a British recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

He was born to F. B. and Mary Ann Taylor Hallowes, of Redhill, Surrey. He was 34 years old, and a temporary second lieutenant in the 4th Battalion, The Duke of Cambridge's Own (Middlesex Regiment), during the First World War. He was awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions between 25 and 30 September 1915 at Hooge, Belgium.

Redhill, Surrey
Redhill (/ˈrɛdhɪl/) is a town in the borough of Reigate and Banstead within the county of Surrey, England. The town, which adjoins the town of Reigate to the west, is due south of Croydon in Greater London, and is part of the London commuter belt. The town is also the post town, entertainment and commercial area of three adjoining communities : Earlswood, Merstham and Whitebushes, as well as of two small rural villages to the east in the Tandridge District, Bletchingley and Nutfield.

The town is situated on the junction of the north–south A23 (London to Brighton) road, and the east–west A25 road which runs from Guildford through to Sevenoaks. It is also on the railway junction, served by Redhill railway station, of the Brighton Main Line, North-Downs line, and Redhill-Tonbridge line.
Weil–Brezin Map
In mathematics, the Weil–Brezin map, named after André Weil and Jonathan Brezin, is a unitary transformation that maps a Schwartz function on the real line  to a smooth function  on the Heisenberg manifold. The Weil–Brezin map gives a geometric interpretation of the Fourier transform, the Plancherel theorem and the Poisson summation formula. The image of Gaussian functions under the Weil–Brezin map are nil-theta functions, which are related to theta functions. The Weil–Brezin map is sometimes referred to as the Zak transform, which is widely applied in the field of physics and signal processing; however, the Weil–Brezin Map is defined via Heisenberg group geometrically, whereas there is no direct geometric or group theoretic interpretation from the Zak transform.

Signal processing
Signal processing is an electrical engineering subfield that focuses on analyzing, modifying and synthesizing signals, such as sound, images, potential fields, seismic signals, altimetry processing, and scientific measurements. Signal processing techniques are used to optimize transmissions, digital storage efficiency, correcting distorted signals, improve subjective video quality, and to detect or pinpoint components of interest in a measured signal.
2014 Currie Cup Premier Division
The 2014 Currie Cup Premier Division was the 76th season in the competition since it started in 1889 and was contested from 9 August to 25 October 2014. The tournament (known as the Absa Currie Cup Premier Division for sponsorship reasons) is the top tier of South Africa's premier domestic rugby union competition.

Currie Cup
The Currie Cup (Afrikaans: Curriebeker) is South Africa's premier domestic rugby union competition featuring teams representing either entire provinces or substantial regions within provinces. The Currie Cup dates back to 1891.
Lepsi (dish)
Lepsi (Adyghe: Лэпсы; Turkish: Lepsi) is a dish from Circassian cuisine, eaten mainly in the Düzce area by both Circassian and Turkish people. The ingredients are beef, onion, red pepper, rice, salt, and water.

Düzce
Düzce (Turkish pronunciation: [dyz'dʒe]) is a city in northwestern Turkey, the capital city of Düzce Province, the eighty-first province in the country. It is the seat of Düzce District. Its population is 194,097 (as of 2022).
The Howlin' Wolf Album
The Howlin' Wolf Album is a studio album by Howlin' Wolf, released in 1969. It features members of Rotary Connection as his backing band. The album mixed blues with psychedelic rock arrangements of several of Wolf's classic songs. Howlin' Wolf strongly disliked the album, which is noted on the album's cover art. The album peaked at number 69 on Billboard magazine's "Black Albums" chart.

Louis Satterfield
Louis Edward Satterfield (April 3, 1937 – September 27, 2004) was an American bassist and trombonist. Satterfield was a member of both the Pharaohs and the Phenix Horns. He also collaborated with prominent artists such as Earth, Wind & Fire, Muddy Waters, Phil Collins, B. B. King, the Emotions, Ramsey Lewis, the Whispers, and the Gap Band.
Gate City Street Railroad
The Gate City Street Railroad Company of Atlanta, Georgia was chartered by the state of Georgia on September 26, 1879. The individuals involved in the formation of the company included Laurent DeGive (Belgian consul and opera house owner), Levi B. Nelson (city councilman), Capt. Augustus M. Reinhardt (namesake of Reinhardt University) and John Stephens. In 1884 they built a line which started at the Kimball House and went via Pryor, Wheat and Jackson Streets to Ponce de Leon Springs. The line operated until January 1887, when it was sold.

Reinhardt University
Reinhardt University is a private university with its main campus in Waleska, Georgia, and its Cauble School of Nursing and Health Sciences in Jasper. Over 50 graduate and undergraduate programs are offered on campus and online. Reinhardt is affiliated with the United Methodist Church. The 620-acre campus includes hiking trails, disc golf, professional concerts at the Falany Performing Arts Center, athletic teams, and the Funk Heritage Center and Bennett History Museum.
Concordia Association
The Concordia Association of Manchukuo (Chinese: 滿洲國協和會; pinyin: Mǎnzhōuguó Xiéhehuì; Wade–Giles: Man3-chou1-kuo2 Hsieh2-ho-hui4, Shinjitai: 満州国協和会, Hepburn: Manshū-koku Kyōwakai) was a political party in Manchukuo. Established to promote the ideals of Pan-Asianism and the creation of a multi-ethnic nation-state and to create a structure which would gradually replace military rule over Manchukuo with civilian control, the party was unable to fulfill its promise, and was eventually subverted into an instrument of totalitarian state-control by the Japanese Kwantung Army.

Civil authority
Civil authority or civil government is the practical implementation of a state on behalf of its citizens, other than through military units (martial law), that enforces law and order and that is distinguished from religious authority (for example, canon law) and secular authority. The enforcement of law and order is typically the role of the police in modern states.
Linde (surname)
Linde is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrei Linde, Russian physicist

Ann Linde (born 1961), Swedish politician and repeatedly minister

Bo Linde, Swedish composer

Carl von Linde, German engineer

Dennis Linde, American songwriter

Edward Linde-Lubaszenko (1939–2026), Polish actor

Elmarie Linde, South African politician

George Linde, South African cricketer

Hans A. Linde, American justice from Oregon

Hans-Martin Linde, flute and recorder player

Iluta Linde (born 1972), Latvian curler

Johan Linde, Australian boxer

Klaus Linde, German alternative medicine researcher

Leif Linde (born 1955), Swedish politician

Marie Linde (1894–1963), South African author

Peter Linde, Swedish sculptor

Samuel Linde (1771–1847), German-Polish lexicographer

Steve Linde (born 1960), newspaperman

Johan Linde
Johan ‘Ice Man’ Linde (born 27 June 1983 in Adelaide, South Australia) is an Australian boxer of Estonian descent. He represented Australia at the 2012 London Olympic Games in the super heavyweight division. He is the current Australian National Boxing Federation South Australian Heavyweight champion.
Signal transduction inhibitor
Signal transduction inhibitors are drugs that block signals passed from one molecule to another inside a cell. Blocking these signals can affect many functions of the cell, including cell division and cell death, and may kill cancer cells and their ability to multiply quickly and invade other tissues.

Cancer cell
Cancer cells are cells that divide continually, forming solid tumors or flooding the blood or lymph with abnormal cells. Cell division is a normal process used by the body for growth and repair. A parent cell divides to form two daughter cells, and these daughter cells are used to build new tissue or to replace cells that have died because of aging or damage. Healthy cells stop dividing when there is no longer a need for more daughter cells, but cancer cells continue to produce copies. They are also able to spread from one part of the body to another in a process known as metastasis.
Chiranjeevulu (2001 film)
Chiranjeevulu (transl. Immortals) is a 2001 Telugu action drama film written and directed by Radha Krishna in his debut. The film stars Ravi Teja, Sanghavi, Sivaji, Brahmaji, and Shiju. The music was composed by A. B. Murali, and the film released on 1 January 2001. The title is based on the 1956 Telugu film of the same name starring N. T. Rama Rao and Jamuna. The film is a remake of the Tamil film Putham Pudhu Payanam (1991).

Jamuna (actress)
Jamuna (née Nippani; 30 August 1936 – 27 January 2023) was an Indian actress, director, and politician who appeared mainly in Telugu cinema. She made her acting debut at age 16 in Dr. Garikapati Rajarao's Puttillu (1953), and received her breakthrough with L. V. Prasad's Missamma (1955). Her filmography also includes Tamil, Kannada, and Hindi films. She won a Filmfare Award and an award at Filmfare Awards South. She was a member of parliament in the 9th Lok Sabha (1989–1991) representing the Rajahmundry constituency.
Guo Shoujing
Guo Shoujing (Chinese: 郭守敬; 1231–1316), courtesy name Ruosi (若思), was a Chinese astronomer, hydraulic engineer, mathematician, and politician of the Mongol Empire and Yuan dynasty. The later Johann Adam Schall von Bell (1591–1666) was so impressed with the preserved astronomical instruments of Guo that he called him "the Tycho Brahe of China." Jamal ad-Din cooperated with him.

Water clock
A water clock, or clepsydra (from Ancient Greek  κλεψύδρα (klepsúdra) 'pipette, water clock'; from  κλέπτω (kléptō) 'to steal' and  ὕδωρ (hydor) 'water'; lit. ' water thief'), is a timepiece by which time is measured by the regulated flow of liquid into (inflow type) or out from (outflow type) a vessel, and where the amount of liquid can then be measured.

Water clocks are some of the oldest time-measuring instruments. The simplest form of water clock, with a bowl-shaped outflow, existed in Babylon, Egypt, and Persia around the 16th century BC. Other regions of the world, including India and China, also provide early evidence of water clocks, but the earliest dates are less certain. Water clocks were used in ancient Greece and in ancient Rome, as described by technical writers such as Ctesibius (died 222 BC) and Vitruvius (died after 15 BC).
SPDY
SPDY (pronounced "speedy") is an obsolete open-specification communication protocol developed for transporting web content. SPDY became the basis for HTTP/2 specification. However, HTTP/2 diverged from SPDY and eventually HTTP/2 subsumed all use cases of SPDY. After HTTP/2 was ratified as a standard, major implementers, including Google, Mozilla, and Apple, deprecated SPDY in favor of HTTP/2. Since 2021, no modern browser supports SPDY.

Google announced SPDY in late 2009 and deployed in 2010. SPDY manipulates HTTP traffic, with particular goals of reducing web page load latency and improving web security. SPDY achieves reduced latency through compression, multiplexing, and prioritization, although this depends on a combination of network and website deployment conditions. The name "SPDY" is not an acronym.

Digital obsolescence
Digital obsolescence is the risk of data loss because of inabilities to access digital assets, due to the hardware or software required for information retrieval being repeatedly replaced by newer devices and systems, resulting in increasingly incompatible formats. While the threat of an eventual "digital dark age" (where large swaths of important cultural and intellectual information stored on archaic formats becomes irretrievably lost) was initially met with little concern until the 1990s, modern digital preservation efforts in the information and archival fields have implemented protocols and strategies such as data migration and technical audits, while the salvage and emulation of antiquated hardware and software address digital obsolescence to limit the potential damage to long-term information access.
The Irish News
The Irish News is a compact daily newspaper based in Belfast, Northern Ireland. It is Northern Ireland's largest-selling morning newspaper and is available throughout Ireland. It is broadly Irish nationalist in its viewpoint, though it also features unionist columnists.

Compact (newspaper)
A compact newspaper is a broadsheet-quality newspaper printed in a tabloid format, especially one in the United Kingdom. The term as used for this size came into use after The Independent began producing a smaller format edition in 2003 for London's commuters, designed to be easier to read when using mass transit.

Readers from other parts of the country liked the new format, and The Independent introduced it nationally. The Times and The Scotsman copied the format as The Independent increased in sales. The Times and The Scotsman are now printed exclusively in compact format following trial periods during which both broadsheet and compact version were produced simultaneously. The Independent published its last paper edition on 20 March 2016 and now appears online only.
Valderrivas
Valderrivas is an administrative neighborhood of Madrid belonging to the district of Vicálvaro. It was formally constituted as independent entity in November 2017, after the administrative reorganization of the district passed by the Plenary of the Ayuntamiento de Madrid on 31 October 2017. The toponym Valderrivas (corresponding to the preexisting differentiate urban development) makes a reference to the former cement factory installed in the area named as Portland Valderrivas S. A.

As of 1 March 2020, it has a population of 18,175.

City Council of Madrid
The City Council of Madrid (Spanish: Ayuntamiento de Madrid) is the top-tier administrative and governing body of Madrid, the capital and biggest city of Spain.

The city council is composed by three bodies: the mayor, who leads the city council and the executive branch of it; the governing council (Junta de Gobierno), which is the main body of the executive branch composed by the mayor and the councillors appointed by him; and the Plenary, a democratically elected assembly which represents the people of Madrid. The current mayor of Madrid is José Luis Martínez-Almeida since June 2019.
Phil Skaggs
Philip Skaggs (born May 1, 1968) is an American politician who serves as the State Representative for Michigan's 80th House District in the Michigan House of Representatives. The 80th District includes the city of East Grand Rapids, Michigan, city of Kentwood, Michigan, portion of the city of Grand Rapids, Michigan, a portion of Grand Rapids Township, Michigan and Cascade Township, Michigan. He was elected to the Michigan House of Representatives in the newly drawn 80th district in the 2022 Michigan House of Representatives election. He was reelected in 2024.

2022 Michigan House of Representatives election
An election was held on November 8, 2022, to elect all 110 members to Michigan's House of Representatives. The election coincided with elections for other offices, including governor, State Senate and U.S. House of Representatives. Democrats won a majority of 56 out of 110 seats, winning control of the chamber for the first time since 2008.
Deane McMinn
Deane McMinn (1916–1961) was a figure skating judge who was serving as team manager for the United States Figure Skating team attending the 1961 World Figure Skating Championships.  He was killed along with all other members of the team in the crash of Sabena Flight 548 en route to the competition.

McMinn, who was born in Danforth, Maine and lived in Lomita, California, was a former ice dancer who competed at the regional and sectional level in the early 1950s.  He judged at the 1960 Winter Olympics and 1961 North American Figure Skating Championships in addition to many competitions in the United States.  For example, at the 1960 United States Figure Skating Championships, McMinn was on the judging panel for all four championship-level events.

On January 28, 2011, McMinn was inducted into the United States Figure Skating Hall of Fame along with the entire 1961 World Team.

Danforth, Maine
Danforth is a town in Washington County, Maine, United States. The town was named for proprietor Thomas Danforth. The population was 587 at the 2020 census. The town contains the villages of Danforth and Eaton. East Grand School is located in Danforth.
Joshua Brillante
Joshua Brillante (Italian: [briˈlːante]; born 25 March 1993) is an Australian professional soccer player who plays as a  defensive midfielder  for A-League club Western Sydney Wanderers. Brillante holds dual citizenship due to his Italian heritage.

2016–17 A-League
The 2016–17 A-League was the 40th season of top-flight soccer in Australia, and the 12th since the establishment of the A-League in 2004. The season began on 7 October 2016.

Adelaide United were both the defending A-League Premiers and Champions. The 2017 Grand Final took place on 7 May 2017, with Sydney FC claiming their third Championship with a 1–1 (4–2 on penalties) win against Melbourne Victory. Sydney FC also claimed the premiership for the 2016–17 regular season, their second in club history.
Upper Wick
Upper Wick is a hamlet in the parish of Rushwick, Worcestershire.

Ralph Ardern inherited the manor of Upper Wick between 1382 (the death of his father, Henry de Ardern) and 1408 (the death of his mother). The farm, as pictured, is owned by the Edmonds family.

Ralph Ardern
Ralph Ardern, or Ralph de Ardern (c. 1374 – c. 1420), was Member of Parliament for Worcestershire from March 1406. He was the son of Henry de Ardern who had previously held the seat in November 1381. He died sometime before 28 October 1420.

He was a Deputy High Sheriff of Worcestershire from 4 November 1404 to 27 November 1405.

Some time between the death of his father, Henry de Ardern in 1382 and the death of his mother in 1408 Ralph Ardern inherited the manors of Little Inkberrow and Wyke Sapy in Worcestershire and Barcheston, Park Hall near Castle Bromwich, Peddimore and property at Curdworth and Sutton Coldfield in Warwickshire.

In 1409 he granted land at Crofton Hackett to a John Richards.
Bella ciao
"Bella ciao" (Italian: [ˈbɛlla ˈtʃaːo]) is an anti-Nazi and anti-fascist Italian folk song dedicated to the partisans of the Italian resistance, who fought against the occupying troops of Nazi Germany and the collaborationist fascist forces during the liberation of Italy.

The exact origins are not known, but it is theorized to be based on a folk song of the late 19th century, sung by female workers (mondine) of the paddy fields in Northern Italy in protest against harsh working conditions. There is little evidence of the song being used during World War II, with the current partisan version becoming widespread only after it ended. Versions of Bella ciao continue to be sung worldwide as a hymn of resistance against Nazism, fascism, injustice and oppression.

Marnik
MARNIK is an Italian electronic dance music duo formed in 2013 by Alessandro Martello and Emanuele Longo. Known for their fusion of trance-inspired melodies and festival-ready drops, the duo has released music on major labels including Spinnin’ Records, Revealed Recordings, Dim Mak, and has performed at leading electronic music festivals such as Tomorrowland, Creamfields, and Sunburn Festival. Their tracks have collectively amassed over 1 billion streams, and in 2024 they entered DJ Mag’s Top 100 DJs list, reaching position #90.
El Pino Lake
El Pino Lake is a lake in Guatemala. It is located 30 km south-southeast of Guatemala City, in the municipalities of Santa Cruz Naranjo (¾ of the lake) and Barberena (¼) in the Santa Rosa Department in southeastern Guatemala. The lake has a surface area of 0.72 km² and a maximum depth of 18 m.  The lake waters are used for subsistence fishing, sport fishing, and swimming.

Pontederia crassipes
Pontederia crassipes (formerly Eichhornia crassipes), commonly known as common water hyacinth, is an aquatic plant native to South America, naturalized throughout the world, and often invasive outside its native range. It is the sole species of the subgenus Oshunae within the genus Pontederia. Anecdotally, it is known as the "terror of Bengal" due to its invasive growth tendencies.
Vivione Pass
Vivione Pass Passo (Italian Passo del Vivione) is a mountain pass that links Schilpario in Val di Scalve with Paisco Loveno in Val Camonica.
The road was built during World War I to supply troops in the nearby Adamello. Vivione Pass has a height of 1828 m and is usually closed for snow from December to May, the road is not larger than 2 meters but is paved.

Val Camonica
Val Camonica or Valcamonica (Eastern Lombard: Al Camònega), also Valle Camonica and anglicized as Camonica Valley, is one of the largest valleys of the central Alps, in eastern Lombardy, Italy. It extends about 90 kilometres (56 mi) from the Tonale Pass to Corna Trentapassi, in the commune of Pisogne near Lake Iseo. It has an area of about 1,335 km2 (515 mi2) and 118,323 inhabitants. The River Oglio runs through it, rising at Ponte di Legno and flowing into Lake Iseo between Pisogne and Costa Volpino.

Almost all of the valley is included in the administrative territory of the province of Brescia, except for Lovere, Rogno, Costa Volpino and the Val di Scalve, which belong to the province of Bergamo. Since 1979, the rock drawings along the valley have been a UNESCO World Heritage Site, while the entire valley became a UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve in 2018.