hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Koyra Chiini language
Koyra Chiini ([kojra tʃiːni], figuratively "town language"), or Western Songhay, is a member of the Songhay languages spoken in Mali by about 200,000 people (in 1999) along the Niger River in Timbuktu and upriver from it in the towns of Diré, Tonka, Goundam and Niafunké as well as in the Saharan town of Araouane to its north. In this area, Koyra Chiini is the dominant language and the lingua franca, although minorities speaking Hassaniya Arabic, Tamasheq and Fulfulde are found. Djenné Chiini [dʒɛnːɛ tʃiːni], the dialect spoken in Djenné, is mutually comprehensible, but has noticeable differences, in particular two extra vowels (/ɛ/ and /ɔ/) and syntactic differences related to focalisation.

East of Timbuktu, Koyra Chiini gives way relatively abruptly to another Songhay language, Koyraboro Senni.

Unlike most Songhai languages, Koyra Chiini has no phonemic tones and has subject–verb–object word order rather than subject–object–verb. It has changed the original Songhay z to j.

Focus (linguistics)
In linguistics, focus (abbreviated FOC) is a grammatical category that conveys the part of the sentence that contributes new, non-derivable, or contrastive information. In the English sentence "Mary only insulted BILL", focus is expressed prosodically by a pitch accent on "Bill", which identifies him as the only person whom Mary insulted. By contrast, in the sentence "Mary only INSULTED Bill", the verb "insult" is focused and thus expresses that Mary performed no other actions towards Bill. Focus is a cross-linguistic phenomenon and a major field of study in linguistics. Research on focus spans numerous subfields including phonetics, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and sociolinguistics.
Marie Dumesnil
Marie Françoise Dumesnil (2 January 1713 – 20 February 1803), original name Marie-Françoise Marchand, was a French actress.

She was born in Paris, the daughter of a poor nobleman, and began her stage career in the provinces, whence she was summoned in 1737 to make her debut at the Comédie-Française as Clytemnestre in Racine's Iphigénie en Aulide. She at once came into the front rank, playing Cléopâtre, Phèdre, Athalie and Hermione (tragic roles created by contemporary French playwrights) with great effect, and when she created Merope (1743), Voltaire says that she kept the audience in tears for three successive acts.

She retired from the stage in 1776 but lived until 1803. Her rival, La Clairon, having spoken ill of her, she authorized the publication of a Mémoire de Marie Françoise Dumesnil, en réponse aux mémoires d'Hippolyte Clairon (1800).

Jean Racine
Jean-Baptiste Racine (/ræˈsiːn/ rass-EEN, US also /rəˈsiːn/ rə-SEEN; French: [ʒɑ̃ batist ʁasin]; 22 December 1639 – 21 April 1699) was a French dramatist, one of the three great playwrights of 17th-century France, along with Molière and Corneille, as well as an important literary figure in the Western tradition and world literature. Racine was primarily a tragedian, producing such "examples of neoclassical perfection" as Phèdre, Andromaque, and Athalie. He did write one comedy, Les Plaideurs, and a muted tragedy, Esther, for the young.

Racine's plays displayed his mastery of the dodecasyllabic (12 syllable) French alexandrine. His writing is renowned for its elegance, purity, speed, and fury, and for what American poet Robert Lowell described as a "diamond-edge", and the "glory of its hard, electric rage". Racine's dramaturgy is marked by his psychological insight, the prevailing passion of his characters, and the nakedness of both plot and stage.
Middot (Talmud)
Tractate Middot (Hebrew: מִדּוֹת, lit. "Measurements") is the tenth tractate of Seder Kodashim ("Order of Holies") of the Mishnah and of the Talmud. This tractate describes the dimensions and the arrangement of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, and the Second Temple buildings and courtyards, various gates, the altar of sacrifice and its surroundings, and the places where the Priests and Levites kept watch in the Temple.

The tractate is divided into five chapters and has no Gemara either in the Jerusalem Talmud or the Babylonian Talmud, nor a Tosefta.

Tamid
Tamid (Hebrew: תָמִיד, romanized: tāmiḏ, lit. 'daily offerings') is the ninth tractate in Kodashim, which is the fifth of the six orders of the Mishnah, Tosefta, and the Talmud.

The main subject of Tamid is the morning and evening burnt offerings (Exodus 29:38–42; Numbers 28:3–8), but it also deals with other Temple ceremonies. The tractate includes information about the Temple Service from sages who had been present at the Temple and witnessed the service.  This tractate contains few disagreements between the sages and few exegetical derivations. It is written as a historical description of the service.
Speak Softly (You're Talking to My Heart)
"Speak Softly (You're Talking to My Heart)" is a song written by Jesse Mendenhall and Steve Spurgin, and recorded by American country music artist Gene Watson.  It was released in February 1982 as the second single from album Old Loves Never Die.  The song reached  number nine on the Billboard Hot Country Singles and Tracks chart.

Gene Watson
Gary Gene Watson (born October 11, 1943) is an American country music singer. He is most famous for his 1975 hit "Love in the Hot Afternoon", his 1981 number-one hit "Fourteen Carat Mind", and his signature 1979 song "Farewell Party".  Watson's long career has included five number-one hits, 21 top 10s, and 48 charted singles.
La Rochepot
La Rochepot (French pronunciation: [la ʁɔʃpo]) is a commune in France in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Côte-d'Or department. It is a part of the canton of Arnay-le-Duc and of the arrondissement of Beaune. It has a hillside castle, converted to a château, on the D973 road between Beaune and Nolay on the way to Saisy.

The INSEE code is 21527.

Arrondissement of Beaune
The arrondissement of Beaune is an arrondissement of France in the Côte-d'Or department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. It has 222 communes. Its population is 109,089 (2021), and its area is 2,359.1 km2 (910.9 sq mi).
Barium hexaboride
Barium hexaboride is a hard material with a high melting point. It can be formed by passing a barium vapour at >750 °C over boron crystals:

Ba + 6B  →  BaB6

However, it can also be formed by reacting barium chloride with boron in two stages: firstly at 900 °C for 30 minutes and then at 1,500 °C for 60 minutes.

Melting point
The melting point (or, rarely, liquefaction point) of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium. The melting point of a substance depends on pressure and is usually specified at a standard pressure such as 1 atmosphere or 100 kPa.

When considered as the temperature of the reverse change from liquid to solid, it is referred to as the freezing point or crystallization point. Because of the ability of substances to supercool, the freezing point can easily appear to be below its actual value. When the "characteristic freezing point" of a substance is determined, in fact, the actual methodology is almost always "the principle of observing the disappearance rather than the formation of ice, that is, the melting point."
Matteo Palmieri
Matteo di Marco Palmieri (1406–1475) was a Florentine humanist and historian who is best known for his work Della vita civile ("On Civic Life"; printed 1528) which advocated civic humanism, and his influence in refining the Tuscan vernacular to the same level as Latin. He was sent as Florentine ambassador to the court of Alfonso I of Naples. Vespasiano da Bisticci included him among the illustrious men of his generation whose careers deserved an article in his Vite di uomini illustri del secolo XV vita.

San Pier Maggiore, Florence
San Pier Maggiore was a church and monastery in Florence, Tuscany, central Italy that existed from the eleventh to the eighteenth century, and hosted ceremonies for the reception of newly appointed Bishops of Florence.
2024 Internazionali Femminili di Tennis Città di Caserta – Doubles
Anastasia Tikhonova and Moyuka Uchijima were the defending champions but chose not to participate.

Yuliana Lizarazo and Despina Papamichail won the title, defeating Ali Collins and María Paulina Pérez in the final, 4–6, 6–3, [10–3].

María Paulina Pérez
María Paulina Pérez García (born 10 January 1996) is a Colombian professional tennis player.
On 28 August 2023, she peaked at No. 115 in the WTA doubles rankings.
On 12 September 2022, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 619. 
Pérez has won one doubles title on the WTA Tour and 13 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.

Playing for Colombia, Pérez has a win–loss record of 13–15 in Billie Jean King Cup competition (as of September 2024).
Mycothiol-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase
In enzymology, a mycothiol-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.306) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:

S-(hydroxymethyl)mycothiol + NAD+  S-formylmycothiol + NADH + +

The two substrates of this enzyme are S-(hydroxymethyl)mycothiol and oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Its products are S-formylmycothiol, reduced NADH, and a proton.

The enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is formaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase (mycothiol-formylating). This enzyme is also called NAD/factor-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase or S-(hydroxymethyl)mycothiol dehydrogenase.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Medical Relief Disqualification Removal Act 1885
The Medical Relief Disqualification Removal Act 1885 (48 & 49 Vict. c. 46) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It became law on 6 August 1885.

It provided that any person who had received medical or surgical treatment, for themselves or their family, paid for under the poor laws, was no longer disqualified from voting in parliamentary or municipal elections. The disqualification remained, however, with regards to voting for a Guardian of the Poor, a member of a parochial board, or any other body which governed poor relief.

The removal of the disqualification was to be considered as having been effective from 15 July 1884.

As to the meaning of "medical relief", see Kirkhouse v Blakeway.

The whole Act, so far as unrepealed, was repealed by section 47(1) of, and the Eighth Schedule to, the Representation of the People Act 1918.

Civil parishes in Scotland
Civil parishes are small divisions used for statistical purposes and formerly for local government in Scotland.

Civil parishes gained legal functions in 1845 when parochial boards were established to administer the poor law. Their local government functions were abolished in 1930 with their powers transferred to county or burgh councils. Since 1975, they have been superseded as the smallest unit of local administration in Scotland by community councils.
Bob Shiring
Charles Robert Shiring (April 13, 1876 – July 23, 1957) was a professional football player from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He began his professional playing career with the Homestead Library & Athletic Club in 1901. In 1902, he played for the Pittsburgh Stars of the first National Football League (NFL) who ended up winning the league title. Since the Stars consisted of the best professional players from western Pennsylvania at the time, it can be said that Shiring was considered the best at his position, center, in the region (and probably in the country). However Shiring is best known for playing for the Massillon Tigers from 1903 until 1907. He finally served from 1907 to 1910 as a player-coach for the Pittsburgh Lyceum, Pittsburgh's last championship professional football team until the 1970s.

National Football League (1902)
The first National Football League (NFL) was the first attempt at forming a national professional American football league in 1902. This league has no ties with the modern National Football League. In fact the league was only composed of teams from Pennsylvania, which meant it was actually regional, despite having locations in the two largest cities in Pennsylvania. Two of the teams were based in Philadelphia, while the third was based in Pittsburgh. This NFL was a curious mixture of football players and baseball players who adapted to playing football. Future Baseball Hall of Famer Rube Waddell was with the Philadelphia Athletics, and pitcher Christy Mathewson a fullback for Pittsburgh. Two of the three teams were owned by the Philadelphia Phillies and Philadelphia Athletics, with the third team suspected of being owned by the Pittsburgh Pirates. The league folded after the 1902 season.
John Butkiewicz
John Butkiewicz (born 9 November 1951) is an Australian field lacrosse player who was named the best midfielder at both the 1978 and 1982 World Lacrosse Championships (WLC). Butkiewicz represented Australia at a record five WLC's, from 1974 to 1990, and is in the Sport Australia Hall of Fame.

Butkiewicz popularized the lacrosse face-off "clamp" that is widely used today.

1974 World Lacrosse Championship
The 1974 World Lacrosse Championship was an international lacrosse tournament played at Olympic Park Stadium in Melbourne, Australia, from 30 June to 4 July 1974. It was the second World Lacrosse Championship with the first being played seven years prior. Four teams played in the 1974 championships with the United States taking out the round robin tournament defeating the other three teams that was competing in the tournament.
Match fixing in the Bangladesh Premier League
Bangladesh Cricket Board (BCB) president, Nazmul Hassan, stated on 30 May 2013 that a Bangladesh player was questioned by the ICC's Anti-Corruption and Security Unit (ACSU). He later confirmed the identity of the player as Mohammad Ashraful, the youngest centurion in test cricket.

Bangladesh Cricket Board
The Bangladesh Cricket Board (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ ক্রিকেট বোর্ড, romanized: Bāṅlādēś Krikēṭ Bōrḍ; abbreviated as BCB), formerly known as Bangladesh Cricket Control Board, is the governing body of cricket in Bangladesh. It became an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 1977, and a full member on 26 June 2000. BCB has three teams which represent Bangladesh in international cricket: the Bangladesh men's national cricket team, Bangladesh women's national cricket team and Bangladesh under-19 cricket team.

The board's headquarters are located at the Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium in Mirpur, Dhaka.
Rybník (Ústí nad Orlicí District)
Rybník is a municipality and village in Ústí nad Orlicí District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 900 inhabitants.

Rybník lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) south-east of Ústí nad Orlicí, 53 km (33 mi) east of Pardubice, and 149 km (93 mi) east of Prague.

Pardubice
Pardubice (Czech pronunciation: [ˈpardubɪtsɛ] ⓘ; German: Pardubitz) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 92,000 inhabitants. It is the capital city of the Pardubice Region and lies on the Elbe River. The historic centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.

Pardubice is known as a centre of industry, with dominant industries being the chemical industry, electrical engineering and mechanical engineering. The city is also well known for its sporting events, which include the Velká pardubická (a cross-country steeplechase), the Golden Helmet of Pardubice in motorcycle racing, and the Czech Open international chess and board games festival.
Básquet Coruña
Club Básquet Coruña, SAD, also known as Leyma Coruña for sponsorship reasons, is a professional basketball club based in A Coruña, Spain. The team plays in the LEB Oro, after being relegated in their 2024–25 ACB season. Their home arena is the Coliseum da Coruña.

Sociedad Anónima Deportiva
Sociedad anónima deportiva ("Public limited sports company") is a special type of Spanish public limited company (known as sociedad anónima in Spain). The new legal status was introduced in 1990 to improve financial management and transparency in sports clubs. Many Spanish football and basketball clubs add the suffix S.A.D. to the end of their official name, for example Club Atlético de Madrid, S.A.D.

Every club which plays in La Liga, Segunda División or Liga ACB and remains in the league was obliged to convert to S.A.D. status. However, this obligation was eliminated in 2022.

For historical reasons, Athletic Club, FC Barcelona, Real Madrid and Osasuna were allowed to retain their status as non-commercial sports associations.
Nasal bridge
The nasal bridge is the upper part of the nose, where the nasal bones and surrounding soft tissues provide structural support. While commonly discussed in human anatomy, nasal bridges exist in various forms across many vertebrates, particularly mammals. The shape, size, and function of the nasal bridge are influenced by evolutionary adaptations, playing a key role in respiration, sense of smell, and thermoregulation.

Sense of smell
The sense of smell, or olfaction, is the special sense through which smells (or odors) are perceived. The sense of smell has many functions, including detecting desirable foods, hazards, and pheromones, and plays a role in taste.

In humans, it occurs when an odor binds to a receptor within the nasal cavity, transmitting a signal through the olfactory system. Glomeruli aggregate signals from these receptors and transmit them to the olfactory bulb, where the sensory input will start to interact with parts of the brain responsible for smell identification, memory, and emotion.

There are many different things which can interfere with a normal sense of smell, including damage to the nose or smell receptors, anosmia, upper respiratory infections, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative disease.
Carolina style
Carolina style refers to an established set of condiments for hot dogs and hamburgers, originating in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont regions of North Carolina and South Carolina. The classic combination is chili, slaw and onions; locally, mustard sometimes replaces slaw, or is added as a fourth item.

The designation "Carolina style" has become increasingly recognized outside of the Carolinas: for example, the restaurant chain Wendy's from time to time has offered a "Carolina Classic" option on its hamburger menu.

Condiment
A condiment is a preparation that is added to food, typically after cooking, to enhance the flavor, to complement the dish, or to impart a specific flavor. Such specific flavors generally add sweetness or pungency, or sharp or piquant flavors. The seasonings and spices common in many different cuisine arise from global introductions of foreign trade. Condiments include those added to cooking to impart flavor, such as barbecue sauce and soy sauce; those added before serving, such as mayonnaise in a sandwich; and those added tableside to taste, such as ketchup with fast food. Condiments can also provide other health benefits to diets that lack micronutrients.
Franziska Brauße
Franziska Brauße (born 20 November 1998) is a German professional road and track, who currently rides for UCI Women's WorldTeam Ceratizit Pro Cycling. In 2012, Franziska Brauße won her first national title when she became German champion in the road race for schoolchildren. She is a multiple German champion and European champion. She won the gold medal at the 2020 Summer Olympics on the track in the women's team pursuit with Lisa Brennauer, Mieke Kröger and Lisa Klein, setting the new world record.

Ceratizit Pro Cycling
Ceratizit Pro Cycling (UCI code: CTC) was a professional women's cycling team, based in Kempten, Germany, which competed in elite road bicycle racing events such as the UCI Women's World Tour. The team ceased racing in September 2025 after the Ceratizit Group concluded its sponsorship.
2007 Ohio's 5th congressional district special election
The 2007 special election in Ohio's 5th congressional district occurred when the district became vacant following the death of incumbent Paul E. Gillmor. A special election to fill the seat was called by Ohio Governor Ted Strickland for December 11, 2007. Republican nominee and Ohio State Senator Bob Latta won election to Congress, defeating Democratic nominee Robin Weirauch.

Paul Gillmor
Paul Eugene Gillmor (February 1, 1939 – September 5, 2007) was an American politician of the Republican Party who served as the U.S. representative from the 5th congressional district of Ohio from 1989 until his death in 2007.
Tristram's bunting
Tristram's bunting (Emberiza tristrami) is a bird in the family Emberizidae. The species was first described by Robert Swinhoe in 1870.

It breeds in eastern Manchuria and the Russian Far East and winters in central and southern China.

It is accidental in Japan, Korea, Laos, Myanmar, Russia, Mongolia, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam and north-eastern India. Its natural habitat is boreal forests.

Robert Swinhoe
Robert Swinhoe FRS (1 September 1836 – 28 October 1877) was an English diplomat and naturalist who worked as a Consul in Qing-era Taiwan (then known to Westerners as Formosa). He catalogued many Southeast Asian birds, and several, such as Swinhoe's pheasant, are named after him.
Siege of Hikida Castle
The 1573 siege of Hikida Castle (疋壇城の戦い, Hikida-jō no Tatakai) was one of many battles the warlord Oda Nobunaga fought against the Azai and Asakura clans during Japan's Sengoku period. These two families were among the staunchest opponents of Nobunaga's attempts to seize land and power for himself.

In summer 1573, Nobunaga led 30,000 forces marched from Gifu Castle to Omi province to besieged Odani Castle, which was held by Azai Nagamasa. In respond, Asakura Yoshikage, led a 20,000 forces to relieve and reinforce the Azai garrison. However, Nobunaga's forces turned around to attack Yoshikage's. Later, when Yoshikage came under attack by Nobunaga's army, he sought refuge in Hikida Castle, and came under siege himself.

Hikida castle fell on August 10, and Yoshikage fled back to his home castle at Echizen province.

Echizen Province
Echizen Province (越前国, Echizen no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [e.tɕiꜜ.(d)zeɴ, -(d)zen no kɯ.ɲi]) was a province of Japan in the area that is today the northern portion of Fukui Prefecture in the Hokuriku region of Japan. Echizen bordered on Kaga, Wakasa, Hida, and Ōmi Provinces. It was part of Hokurikudō Circuit. Its abbreviated form name was (Esshū; 越州).
Juniata Valley School District
The Juniata Valley School District, commonly abbreviated JVSD, is a rural public school district based in the borough of Alexandria, Pennsylvania.  The school district includes all of Alexandria borough, Petersburg borough, Barree Township, Logan Township, West Township, Morris Township and Spruce Creek township.
The district encompasses approximately 125 square miles. According to 2000 federal census data, it serves a resident population of 5,334.

Logan Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania
Logan Township is a township that is located in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 614 at the time of the 2020 census.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 22.8 square miles (59.2 km2), of which 22.7 square miles (58.8 km2) is land and 0.2 square mile (0.4 km2) (0.66%) is water.