hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal
The Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal is a quarterly academic journal established in 1991. It is published by the Johns Hopkins University Press on behalf of the Kennedy Institute of Ethics and focuses on questions of bioethics such as those relating to the research of and therapeutic use of human embryonic stem cells, organ donation, and genetic manipulation, as well as issues of global justice, research in the developing world, environmental ethics, food ethics, and issues of governance and expertise in clinical research.

The current editor-in-chief is Quill Kukla.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2015 impact factor of 1.129, ranking it 22nd out of 51 journals in the category "Ethics".

Global justice
Global justice is an issue in political philosophy arising from the concern about unfairness. It is sometimes understood as a form of internationalism. Global justice and international justice may be distinguished in that the latter is concerned with justice between nations or states whereas the former sees individual human beings as its main concern and seeks "to give an account of what fairness among such agents involves".
Joanna Douglas (actress)
Joanna Douglas is a Canadian actress. She is best known for portraying Samantha Strange on Being Erica.  She is a graduate of the University of Toronto and Sheridan College’s joint theatre and drama studies program.

Sheridan College
Sheridan College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning, formerly Sheridan College of Applied Arts and Technology, is a public polytechnic institute partnered with private Canadian College of Technology and Trades operating campuses across the Greater Toronto Area of Ontario, Canada. It is known colloquially as Sheridan College or simply Sheridan.

Founded in 1967, it is known for academic programs in creative writing and publishing, animation and illustration, film and design, business, applied computing, and engineering technology, among others. Sheridan operates the Davis Campus in Brampton, the Trafalgar Campus in Oakville, and the Hazel McCallion Campus in Mississauga.

In 2024 Sheridan College's dependence on International student enrollment was blamed for the cancellation of 40 programs and major layoffs.
Yves Daudigny
Yves Daudigny (born 23 February 1947) is a French politician and member of the Senate of France.  He represents the Aisne department, in Picardy, and is a member of the Socialist Party.

Daudigny is best known for his proposal to introduce a controversial 300% tax increase on palm oil, dubbed "the Nutella Tax" by the media because palm oil is one of the main ingredients in Nutella.

Aisne
Aisne (/eɪn/ ayn, US also /ɛn/ en; French: [ɛːn] ⓘ; Picard: Ainne) is a French department in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France. It is named after the river Aisne. In 2020, it had a population of 529,374.
Chicken Bones
Chicken Bones is a line of candy products manufactured by Ganong Bros. of St. Stephen, New Brunswick, and available in Canada. A pink cinnamon-flavoured candy with a chocolate filling, it is considered a traditional treat among Atlantic Canadians during Christmas. Due to its popularity, it is the sole remaining hard candy manufactured by the company.

Chicken Bones was created in 1885 by Frank Sparhawk, a candy maker from Baltimore who took a Ganong Bros. job opening. The original manufacturing method continues to be used.

These candies are used by New Brunswick brewer Moonshine Creek Distilleries to make Chicken-Bones-flavoured liqueur.

Candy
Candy, also commonly called sweets, is a confection that features sugar as a principal ingredient. The category, also called sugar confectionery, encompasses any sweet confection, including chocolate, chewing gum, and sugar candy. Vegetables, fruit, or nuts which have been glazed and coated with sugar are said to be candied.

Physically, candy is characterized by the use of a significant amount of sugar or sugar substitutes. Unlike a cake or loaf of bread that would be shared among many people, candies are usually made in smaller pieces. However, the definition of candy also depends upon how people treat the food. Unlike sweet pastries served for a dessert course at the end of a meal, candies are normally eaten casually, often with the fingers, as a snack between meals. Each culture has its own ideas of what constitutes candy rather than dessert. The same food may be a candy in one culture and a dessert in another.
César Chiffre
César Chiffre (born April 18, 1991) is a French director and actor. He is the third generation of a family with its roots in cinema. His grandfather Yvan Chiffre was film director and stunt coordinator and his father Philippe Chiffre is production designer.

Éric Rochant
Éric Rochant  (born 24 February 1961) is a French film director and screenwriter. He is an alumnus of the Institut des hautes études cinématographiques (IDHEC), from the generation of Arnaud Desplechin and Noémie Lvovsky. Rochant is of Jewish background.
Will Owen (racing driver)
William Owen (born 23 March 1995 in Castle Rock, Colorado, US) is an American racing driver. He attended high school at Valor Christian High School prior to attending TCU for university. He competed in the 2022 season of the FIA World Endurance Championship with United Autosports.

2022 FIA World Endurance Championship
The 2022 FIA World Endurance Championship was the tenth season of the FIA World Endurance Championship, an auto racing series organised by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) and the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO). The series was open to prototype and grand tourer-style racing cars divided into four categories. World Championship titles were awarded to the leading manufacturers and drivers in both the prototype and grand tourer divisions.

It was the first season in which LMDh (Le Mans Daytona h) entries were allowed to compete alongside LMH (Le Mans Hypercar) entries on a race-by-race basis. However, they were not eligible for championship points until 2023. It was the last season for LMGTE Pro class.
Mount Pisgah Academy
Mount Pisgah Academy is a four-year secondary education boarding and day school located in Candler, North Carolina, United States, near Asheville.  The academy is named after the Mount Pisgah of biblical reference as well as its proximity to Mount Pisgah in the Blue Ridge Mountains.

Affiliated with the Seventh-day Adventist Church, the campus lies on 230 acres (93 ha) of property.  It was founded in 1914 as a private academy, by E.C. Waller, William Steinman, and C.A. Graves with their families, and originally called the Pisgah Industrial Institute.  In 1952, its ownership was transferred to the Carolina Conference of the Seventh-Day Adventist church, and it was given its present name.
It is a part of the Seventh-day Adventist education system, the world's second largest Christian school system.

The current principal at the academy is Dewald Coetzer.

For the 2023-2024 school year, it had an enrollment of 90 students.

Mount Pisgah (mountain in North Carolina)
Mount Pisgah is a mountain in the Appalachian mountain range and part of the Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina, United States.  The mountain's height is 5,721 feet (1,744 m) above sea level, and it sits approximately 15 miles (24 kilometers) southwest of Asheville, near the crossing of the boundaries of Buncombe, Haywood, Henderson and  Transylvania counties.  It is located on the border of Buncombe and Haywood counties, close to the point where Henderson and Transylvania meet them, but not actually within the latter two counties.  The mountain is easily accessible via a hiking trail from the Blue Ridge Parkway, near the Pisgah Inn.

Some people in the area have referred to "Pisgah and the Rat" because the mountain and others nearby are said to look like a rat. Art by Harry Sage appears on the city seal of Asheville, North Carolina.
The Kents (band)
The Kents are a Canadian rock band formed in 2011 in Lindsay, Ontario. The band's current lineup consists of Warren Frank (vocals), Luke Shauf (bass), Freddy Kwon (guitar), and Tanner Paré (drums). They have released three EPs: 2014's Locals, 2016's Waking, and 2017's Within Waves. The band describe their sound as "indie pop in the vein of...Foster The People, Young the Giant and The Arkells."  They have toured with and opened for other Canadian acts such as The Sheepdogs and The Strumbellas and have been featured on curated playlists on Spotify and Apple Music.

Arkells
Arkells is a Canadian rock band, formed in Hamilton, Ontario. In 2006, they signed with Dine Alone Records, and have since signed with Universal Music Canada. They have released nine albums: Jackson Square (2008), Michigan Left (2011), High Noon (2014), Morning Report (2016), Rally Cry (2018), Blink Once (2021), Blink Twice (2022), Laundry Pile (2023) and Disco Loadout, Volume 1 (2024). The band has been nominated for over 15 Juno Awards; winning Rock Album of the Year for High Noon and Rally Cry, and  six times for Group of the Year.
Richard Hyde (MP for Worcestershire)
Richard Hyde (1440–1490), of Stoke Bliss was a 15th-century member of the Herefordshire gentry and a Member of parliament for Worcestershire in the readeption parliament of King Henry VI which sat between 1470–1471 and for the same county under Edward IV the following year. He was a royal official under both kings, acting as escheator, customer and under-sheriff at various times. 
Hyde, originally from Swindon, had been in the service of  George, Duke of Clarence since at least 1471, and was one of the men the duke sent in 1477 to arrest Ankarette Twynho of Frome, on suspicion that she had murdered the duchess with poison. He became an "esquire and king's servant" to Richard III in 1484 with an annuity of £20 per annum, and the following year received a generic royal pardon in January 1485. He was dead by April 1490 when his will was proved; he was survived by his wife, Margaret, whom he appointed his executor, and his daughter Agnes, who married one Thomas Hinkley of Worcester.

George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence
George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence (21 October 1449 – 18 February 1478), was the sixth child and third surviving son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, and the brother of English kings Edward IV and Richard III. He played an important role in the dynastic struggle between rival factions of the Plantagenets now known as the Wars of the Roses.

Though a member of the House of York, he switched sides to support the House of Lancaster, before reverting to the Yorkists. He was later convicted of treason against his elder brother, Edward IV, and executed, allegedly by drowning in malmsey wine. He appears as a character in William Shakespeare's plays Henry VI, Part 3 and Richard III, in which his death is attributed to the machinations of Richard.
Gustavo Grondona
Gustavo Grondona (born 16 June 1968 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentinian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He is currently the assistant manager of Colo Colo football club from Chile.

Gustavo Grondona is the son of Héctor Grodona, brother of  Julio Humberto Grondona. He made his playing debut in 1989 for the club founded by his father, Arsenal de Sarandí.

Unlike his father Gustavo managed to step up to play at the highest level, appearing in the Argentine Primera División for Independiente, Huracán and Deportivo Español in the 1990s.

In 1998, he joined Peruvian club Universitario de Deportes where he was part of three championship winning squads between 1998 and 2000.

After a short spell with Sporting Cristal in 2001, he returned to Argentina to play out his career with Arsenal during their first ever season in the Argentine Primera.

Julio Grondona
Julio Humberto Grondona (18 September 1931 – 30 July 2014) was an Argentine football executive. He served as president of the Argentine Football Association (Asociación del Fútbol Argentino) from 1979 until his death in 2014. He also served as Senior Vice-President of FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association).
Ahmed Dino
Ahmed Bey Dino (1785–1849) was an Albanian military leader and politician.

He was born in 1785 in Preveza to the notable Dino family of the town. He was a close friend and ally of Ali Pasha. In Egypt he was one of the highest ranking generals of Muhammad Ali of Egypt during his conquest of Egypt. In 1844 he funded and built in Preveza the Yeni mosque, which was proclaimed a cultural monument of Preveza in the 2000s. In 1847 he took part in the Albanian Revolt of 1847 led by Zenel Gjoleka. Although the revolt was initially successful Gjoleka was eventually defeated and Ahmed Dino was exiled in Konya where he died in 1849. He was married to Saliha Çapari of the notable Çapari family, whom have roots in Capari. His son Abedin Dino became one of the founders of the League of Prizren and for a short period Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Ottoman Empire. He also had another son Vesel Bey Dino.

Konya
Konya is a major city in central Turkey, on the southwestern edge of the Central Anatolian Plateau, and is the capital of Konya Province. During antiquity and into Seljuk times it was known as Iconium.  In 19th-century accounts of the city in English its name is usually spelt Konia or Koniah. In the late medieval period, Konya was the capital of the Seljuk Turks' Sultanate of Rum, from where the sultans ruled over Anatolia.

As of 2024, the population of the Metropolitan Province was 2,330,024. 1,433,861 live in the three urban districts (Karatay, Selcuklu, Meram), making it the sixth most populous city in Turkey, and second most populous of the Central Anatolia Region, after Ankara. City has Konya is served by TCDD high-speed train (YHT) services from Istanbul, Ankara and Karaman. The local airport (Konya Havalimanı, KYA) is served by frequent flights from Istanbul whereas flights to and from İzmir are offered few times a week.
Syncuaria
Syncuaria is a genus of parasites in the family Acuariidae, first described in 1927. They are usually found in the gizzard lining of the aquatic birds that they parasitize which belong to Pelecaniformes, Ciconiiformes and Podicipediformes. The genus is characterized by, among other things, cordons on the bodies lateral sides that are linked by anastomosis, and monodelphy. Synonyms include: Skrjabinocara (Kurashvili), Chordocephalus (Alegret), and Decorataria (Sobolev).

Anastomosis
An anastomosis (/əˌnæstəˈmoʊsɪs/, pl.: anastomoses) is a connection or opening between two things (especially cavities or passages) that are normally diverging or branching, such as between blood vessels, leaf veins, or streams. Such a connection may be normal (such as the foramen ovale in a fetus' heart) or abnormal (such as the patent foramen ovale in an adult's heart); it may be acquired (such as an arteriovenous fistula) or innate (such as the arteriovenous shunt of a metarteriole); and it may be natural (such as the aforementioned examples) or artificial (such as a surgical anastomosis). The reestablishment of an anastomosis that had become blocked is called a reanastomosis. Anastomoses that are abnormal, whether congenital or acquired, are often called fistulas.

The term is used in medicine, biology, mycology, cybernetics, as well as geology, and geography.
Dakota Southern Railway
The Dakota Southern Railway (reporting mark DSRC) was a railroad that until late May 2021 ran 189.7 miles (305.3 km) between Kadoka, South Dakota, and Mitchell, South Dakota, and which continued to service the approximately 10 miles (16 km) of remaining active track of the Napa Junction–Platte Line in southern South Dakota.  It connected with the BNSF Railway in Mitchell and Napa Junction respectively.

Reporting mark
A reporting mark is a code used to identify owners or lessees of rolling stock and other equipment used on certain rail transport networks.  The code typically reflects the name or identifying number of the owner, lessee, or operator of the equipment, similar to IATA airline designators.

In North America, the mark, which consists of an alphabetic code of two to four letters, is stenciled on each piece of equipment, along with a one- to six-digit number. This information is used to uniquely identify every such rail car or locomotive, thus allowing it to be tracked by the railroad it is traveling over, which shares the information with other railroads and customers.  In multinational registries, a code indicating the home country may also be included.
No. 46 Squadron (Finland)
No. 46 Squadron (Finnish: Lentolaivue 46 or LLv.46, from 3 May 1942 Le.Lv.46), renamed No. 46 Bomber Squadron (Finnish: Pommituslentolaivue 46 or PLe.Lv.46 on 14 February 1944) was a bomber squadron of the Finnish Air Force during World War II. The squadron was part of Flying Regiment 4.

Finnish Air Force
The Finnish Air Force (FAF or FiAF; Finnish: Ilmavoimat, lit. 'Air forces' [ˈilmɑˌʋoi̯mɑt]; Swedish: Flygvapnet, lit. 'Air arm') is the aerial warfare branch of the Finnish Defence Forces. Its primary peacetime tasks include airspace surveillance, identification and interception missions, and maintaining operational readiness for wartime operations. The Finnish Air Force was founded on 6 March 1918.
Everitt Lechesa Segoete
Everitt Lechesa Segoete (1858–1923) was a Mosotho writer, minister, and teacher. He is considered one of the earliest authors of Sesotho literature. Segoete is best known for his novel Monono ke moholi ke mouoane (Riches Are Mist, They Are Vapor), his second book Raphepheng, as well as a teacher to Thomas Mofolo.

Sotho language
Sotho (/ˈsuːtuː/), also known as Sesotho (/sɪˈsuːtuː, sə-/), Southern Sotho, or Sesotho sa Borwa, is a Southern Bantu language spoken in Lesotho, as its national language, and South Africa, where it is an official language.

Like all Bantu languages, Sesotho is an agglutinative language, using numerous affixes and derivational and inflexional rules to build complete words.
2023 Maidstone Borough Council election
The 2023 Maidstone Borough Council election took place on 4 May 2023 to elect members of Maidstone Borough Council in Kent, England. This was on the same day as other local elections in England.

Two weeks before the election, the council went into no overall control when the Conservatives lost their majority due to the resignation of Robert Eves, leaving them with 27 out of the 54 occupied seats.

The council stayed under no overall control following the election, with the Conservatives forming the largest group. They continued to hold the council's leadership positions as a minority administration.

Borough of Maidstone
The Borough of Maidstone is a local government district with borough status in Kent, England. It is named after its largest settlement of Maidstone, the county town of Kent, which is also where the council is based. The borough also includes surrounding rural areas.

The borough was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the municipal borough of Maidstone with the rural districts of Maidstone and Hollingbourne, under the Local Government Act 1972.
William Horace Taylor
William Horace Taylor (7 December 1889 – 20 June 1986) was a Canadian politician.

Born in Townsend Township, Ontario, he grew up on a farm near Scotland, Ontario, south of Brantford, Ontario. From 1921 to 1925, he was a farmer in Scotland. He was elected a councillor and later the reeve of Windham Township.

In 1926, he was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the riding of Norfolk—Elgin. A Liberal, he was re-elected in 1930, 1935, and 1940. From 1940 to 1945, he was the Chief Government Whip.

In 1945, he was summoned to the Senate of Canada representing the senatorial division of Norfolk, Ontario. He retired in 1966.

1930 Canadian federal election
The 1930 Canadian federal election was held on July 28, 1930, to elect members  of the House of Commons of the 17th Parliament of Canada. Richard Bedford Bennett's Conservative Party won a majority government, defeating the Liberal Party led by Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King. 3,922,481 votes were cast in this election.
Dortmund I
Dortmund I is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 141. It is located in the Ruhr region of North Rhine-Westphalia, comprising the western part of the city of Dortmund.

Dortmund I was created for the inaugural 1949 federal election. Since 2021, it has been represented by Jens Peick of the Social Democratic Party (SPD).

1949 West German federal election
A federal election was held in West Germany on 14 August 1949 to elect the members of the first Bundestag, with a further eight seats elected in West Berlin between 1949 and January 1952 and another eleven between February 1952 and 1953. They were the first free federal elections in West Germany since 1933 and the first after the division of the country.

The CDU/CSU formed a centre-right coalition government with the FDP and the DP.
Outline of George Washington
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to George Washington:

George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. He is commonly known as the Father of the Nation for his role in bringing about American independence.

Badge of Military Merit
The Badge of Military Merit was an award for non-commissioned officers and soldiers of the Continental Army. It is considered America's first military decoration, and the second oldest in the world (after the Order of St. George). Non commissioned officers and soldiers of the Continental Army were eligible. Renamed as the Purple Heart, it was ordered redesigned in 1931, and was re-commissioned in 1932 by General Douglas MacArthur in honor of George Washington’s bicentennial.
Swachh Survekshan
Swachh Survekshan (SS; lit. 'Cleanliness Survey' from Sanskrit) is an annual survey of cleanliness, hygiene and sanitation in villages, cities and towns across India. It was launched as part of the Swachh Bharat Mission, which aimed to make India clean and free of open defecation by 2 October 2019. The first survey was undertaken in 2016 and covered 73 cities (53 cities with a population of over a million, and all state capitals); by 2020 the survey had grown to cover 4242 cities and was said to be the largest cleanliness survey in the world. The surveys are carried out by Quality Council of India.

Hygiene
Hygiene is a set of practices performed to preserve health.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases." Personal hygiene refers to maintaining the body's cleanliness. Hygiene activities can be grouped into the following: home and everyday hygiene, personal hygiene, medical hygiene, sleep hygiene, and food hygiene. Home and every day hygiene includes hand washing, respiratory hygiene, food hygiene at home, hygiene in the kitchen, hygiene in the bathroom, laundry hygiene, and medical hygiene at home.

While often equated with cleanliness in common usage, hygiene is a term encompassing the personal practices and environmental conditions that maintain health and prevent disease.