hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Daoguang Emperor
The Daoguang Emperor (16 September 1782 – 26 February 1850), also known by his temple name Emperor Xuanzong of Qing, personal name Minning, was the seventh emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the sixth Qing emperor to rule over China proper. His reign was marked by "external disaster and internal rebellion". These include the First Opium War and the beginning of the Taiping Rebellion which nearly brought down the dynasty. The historian Jonathan Spence characterizes the Daoguang Emperor as a "well meaning but ineffective man" who promoted officials who "presented a purist view even if they had nothing to say about the domestic and foreign problems surrounding the dynasty".

Borjigin
The Borjigin or Borjigids are a Mongol tribal clan founded in the early 10th century or, around 900 AD. by Bodonchar Munkhag. The senior line of Borjigids provided ruling princes for Mongolia and Inner Mongolia until the 20th century. The clan formed the ruling class among the Mongols and other peoples of Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Today, the Borjigids are found in Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Buryatia, and Xinjiang, and genetic research shows that descent from Genghis Khan and Timur is common throughout Central and East Asia.
Thornton, Mississippi
Thornton, Mississippi is an unincorporated community located in Holmes County, near the Yazoo River. U.S. Highway 49E runs through the community, which is approximately 7 miles (11 km) north of Eden and approximately 10 miles (16 km) south of Tchula.

Yazoo River
32°20′8″N 90°53′50″W﻿ / ﻿32.33556°N 90.89722°W﻿ / 32.33556; -90.89722

The Yazoo River is a river primarily in the U.S. state of Mississippi. It marks the eastern boundary of the Mississippi Delta, a broad floodplain that was cultivated for cotton plantations before the American Civil War. It has continued to be devoted to large-scale agriculture.
Milnor–Thurston kneading theory
The Milnor–Thurston kneading theory is a mathematical theory which analyzes the iterates of piecewise monotone mappings of an interval into itself. The emphasis is on understanding the properties of the mapping that are invariant under topological conjugacy.

The theory had been developed by John Milnor and William Thurston in two widely circulated and influential Princeton preprints from 1977 that were revised in 1981 and finally published in 1988. Applications of the theory include piecewise linear models, counting of fixed points, computing the total variation, and constructing an invariant measure with maximal entropy.

Invariant measure
In mathematics, an invariant measure is a measure that is preserved by some function. The function may be a geometric transformation. For examples, circular angle is invariant under rotation, hyperbolic angle is  invariant under squeeze mapping, and a difference of slopes is invariant under shear mapping.

Ergodic theory is the study of invariant measures in dynamical systems. The Krylov–Bogolyubov theorem proves the existence of invariant measures under certain conditions on the function and space under consideration.
Xiulin, Hualien
Xiulin Township / Sioulin Township (Chinese: 秀林鄉; Hanyu Pinyin: Xiùlín Xiāng; Tongyong Pinyin: Siòulín Siang) is a mountain indigenous township of Hualien County, Taiwan. It is located northwest of Hualien City, and is the largest township in Taiwan by area (1,641.86 km²) with 9 villages. It has a population of 17,068, most of which are the indigenous Taroko people.

Because of its location beside the Central Mountain Range, the climate changes by altitude. Taroko National Park is located in Xiulin Township. In recent years, people in Xiulin have lobbied to change its name to "Taroko Township" (太魯閣鄉).

The second deadliest train disaster in Taiwan's history happened here in 2021.

Township (Taiwan)
Townships are the third-level administrative subdivisions of counties of the Republic of China (Taiwan), along with county-administered cities. After World War II, the townships were established from the following conversions on the Japanese administrative divisions:

Although local laws do not enforce strict standards for classifying them, generally urban townships have a larger population and more business and industry than rural townships, but not to the extent of county-administered cities. Under townships, there is also the village as the base/fourth level of administration.

As of 2022, there are in all 184 townships, including 38 urban townships, 122 rural townships and 24 mountain indigenous townships. 174 townships with 35 urban and 115 rural townships are located in Taiwan Province and 10 townships with 3 urban and 7 rural townships are located in Fujian Province. Penghu and Lienchiang are the only two counties that do not have urban townships.
Alexandra Dane
Alexandra Dane (born c. 1940 in Bethlehem, Free State, South Africa) is an English actress who appeared in many films including Carry On Doctor, Carry On Loving, other Carry On films, The Ups and Downs of a Handyman, Le Pétomane  and Terry Gilliam's Jabberwocky.

Her many television appearances include Not On Your Nellie, Alas Smith and Jones and Pulaski. In 1975, Dane took the part of Nefertiti Skupinski, described as "O'Brien's voluptuous, South African-bred daughter", in The Melting Pot. This was a sitcom written by Spike Milligan and Neil Shand, which was cancelled by the BBC after just one episode had been broadcast.

On stage, she appeared in summer seasons at British seaside resorts such as Torquay and Blackpool, in repertory theatres and with the Shakespeare Theatre Group. She is also interested in painting and sculpting and was married to the Scottish sculptor David McFall until his death.

Alas Smith and Jones
Alas Smith and Jones is a British comedy sketch television series starring Mel Smith and Griff Rhys Jones that originally ran for four series and two Christmas specials on BBC2 from 1984 to 1988, and then as Smith and Jones for six series on BBC1 from 1989 to 1998. A spin-off from Not the Nine O'Clock News, the show had a brief run in the United States on A&E and PBS in the late 1980s, as well as on CBS in the early 1990s during their late-night block.
Chery Cowin
The Chery Cowin (simplified Chinese: 旗云; pinyin: Qiyun), also known as Chery A15, Flagcloud, or Amulet, is a compact car produced by the Chinese manufacturer Chery from 2003 to 2010. A facelifted variant was called the Cowin 2 and was sold from 2010 to 2016.

Compact car
Compact car is a vehicle size class—predominantly used in North America—that sits between subcompact cars and mid-size cars. "Small family car" is a British term and a part of the C-segment in the European car classification. However, before the downsizing of the United States car industry in the 1970s and 1980s, larger vehicles with wheelbases up to 110 in (2.79 m) were considered "compact cars" in the United States.
Concore Entertainment
Concore Entertainment is an American record label based in Los Angeles, California. Concore Entertainment was founded in 1998 by Charve Norris Aka Charve The Don, known for producing Freddie Jackson on the album Here It Is, Immature on the album On Our Worst Behavior, Sweetest Love from the album Playtyme Is Over and Cherish. The company is home to a diverse roster of recording artists, musicians such as Tito Jackson from The Jackson 5 and brother of Michael Jackson. Producer Steve Russell from the platinum selling group Troop 3x Grammy winner producing and writing for Chris Brown, Kelly Clarkson, Jordin Sparks, B2K, Ciara, Jennifer Hudson, Charlie Wilson and more. Concore Entertainment also launched the career of Brazilian international star Natalia Damini who has had #1 songs on Billboard Emerging Artist Chart and #9 on Billboard Trending 140 and #15 on Billboard Next Big Sound and Natalia was also #1 on DRT (Digital Radio Tracking Charts) and #1 on Spotify Top 25.

On Our Worst Behavior
On Our Worst Behavior is the debut album by American band Immature, released on September 22, 1992 on Virgin Records. It is also the only album to feature former member, Don "Half-Pint" Santos, who was replaced by Kelton "LDB" Kessee. Rapper Megan Thee Stallion sampled the song ''Is It Love This Time" for her song "Big Ole Freak" from her second EP Tina Snow.
Myles Jones
Myles Jones (born March 15, 1993), is an American professional lacrosse player with Atlas Lacrosse Club of the Premier Lacrosse League. He attended Walt Whitman High School in Huntington Station, New York, completed a post-graduate year at Salisbury School in Salisbury, Connecticut and played collegiate lacrosse at Duke University.

His signature move is the bull dodge.

Salisbury School
Salisbury School is an elite all-boys, private college-preparatory boarding school in Salisbury, Connecticut. It was founded in 1901 by the Reverend George E. Quaile, former headmaster of  St. Austin's Military School in Staten Island, New York.

Its school newspaper is The Cupola. Its mascot is the Crimson Knight.

In 2015, Business Insider ranked it the most expensive private high school in the United States.
Pozorrubio
Pozorrubio, officially the Municipality of Pozorrubio ([pɔsɔˈrʊbjɔʔ]; Pangasinan: Baley na Pozorrubio; Ilocano: Ili ti Pozorrubio; Tagalog: Bayan ng Pozorrubio), is a municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 75,143 people.

Often, the town's name is written as "Pozzorubio", but the correct spelling is "Pozorrubio". Its land area is 8,965 hectares.

Pangasinan language
Pangasinan (Pangasinense) is an Austronesian language, and one of the eight major languages of the Philippines. It is the primary and predominant language of the entire province of Pangasinan and northern Tarlac, on the northern part of Luzon's central plains geographic region, most of whom belong to the Pangasinan ethnic group. Pangasinan is also spoken in southwestern La Union, as well as in the municipalities of Benguet, Nueva Vizcaya, Nueva Ecija, and Zambales that border Pangasinan. A few Aeta groups and most Sambal in Central Luzon's northern part also understand and even speak Pangasinan as well.
Eberhard Dall'Asta
Eberhard Dall'Asta (3 February 1940 – 19 March 2024) was a German academic and politician. A member of the Christian Democratic Union, he served in the Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein from 1979 to 2000.

Dall'Asta died in Kiel on 19 March 2024, at the age of 84.

Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein
The Schleswig-Holstein Landtag is the state parliament of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. It convenes in the state's capital Kiel and currently consists of 69 members of five parties. The current majority consists of a coalition of the Christian Democratic Union and the Greens, supporting the cabinet of Minister President Daniel Günther.

The Landtag maintains partnerships with the parliament of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, the Oblast Duma of the Kaliningrad Oblast and the parliament of the Pomeranian Voivodeship.
Patrick Long
Patrick Brian Long (born July 28, 1981) is an American professional racing driver. He has previously competed in Pirelli World Challenge and the FIA World Endurance Championship, as well as the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series and the NASCAR Nationwide Series.

Long is one of eighteen Porsche factory racing drivers, and the only American to hold that distinction.

GT World Challenge America
GT World Challenge America is a North American auto racing series launched in 1990 by the Sports Car Club of America. It has been managed by the SRO Motorsports Group since 2018, and has been sanctioned by the United States Auto Club since 2017.

The series functions as the highest level of SRO Motorsports America race weekends, supported by the Pirelli GT4 America, GT America, Toyota GR Cup North America, TC America, and McLaren Trophy America series. A GT World Challenge America race weekend consists of two 90 minute races held exclusively for GT3-class race cars, though it has been confirmed that the format will change to a single three hour race per weekend beginning in 2026.
Montreuil-Bellay station
Gare de Montreuil-Bellay is a railway station serving the village of Montreuil-Bellay, Maine-et-Loire, western France. It is situated on the Saumur-Thouars railway, an electrified branch line of approximately 10 miles in length.  To the north of the line Saumur station also lies on the Tours–Saint-Nazaire railway.  TGV services to Paris are available from Tours. Thouars station to the south is situated on the Loudun-La Roche-Sur-Yon railway.

The station is served by regional trains (TER Pays de la Loire) towards Thouars, Saumur, Tours and La Roche-sur-Yon.

Maine-et-Loire
Maine-et-Loire (French pronunciation: [mɛn e lwaʁ] ⓘ) is a department in the Loire Valley in the Pays de la Loire region in Western France. It is named after the two rivers, Maine and the Loire. It borders Mayenne and Sarthe to the north, Loire-Atlantique to the west, Indre-et-Loire to the east, Vienne and Deux-Sèvres to the south, Vendée to the south-west, and Ille-et-Vilaine to the north-west. Its prefecture is Angers; its subprefectures are Cholet, Saumur and Segré-en-Anjou Bleu. Maine-et-Loire had a population of 818,273 in 2019.
Canton of Séderon
The Canton of Séderon is a former canton located in the Department of Drôme, in the Arrondissement of Nyons. It had 2,059 inhabitants (2012). It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It consisted of 18 communes, which joined the canton of Nyons et Baronnies in 2015.

Drôme
Drôme (French pronunciation: [dʁom] ⓘ; Occitan: Droma; Arpitan: Drôma) is the southernmost department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of Southeastern France. Named after the river Drôme, it had a population of 516,762 as of 2019. Drôme's prefecture is Valence.

The southern portion of the Drôme, closest to Provence, is often known as the fr:Drôme Provençale.
Hochfinsler
The Hochfinsler (2,423 m [7,949 ft]) is a mountain of the Glarus Alps, located south of Flums in the canton of St. Gallen. It lies on the range north of the Wissgandstöckli, that separates the Schilstal from the Weisstannental.

Glarus Alps
The Glarus Alps (German: Glarner Alpen) are a mountain range in central Switzerland. They are bordered by the Uri Alps and the Schwyz Alps to the west, the Lepontine Alps to the south, the Appenzell Alps to the northeast. The eastern part of the Glarus Alps contains a major thrust fault that was declared a geologic UNESCO World Heritage Site (the Swiss Tectonic Arena Sardona).

The Glarus Alps extend well beyond the canton of Glarus, including parts of the cantons of Uri, Graubünden, and St Gallen. Conversely, not all the mountains in the canton of Glarus are part of the Glarus Alps, with those to the north of the Urner Boden and to the west of the valley of the river Linth considered to be part of the Schwyz Alps.
Rashid Ali (cricketer)
Syed Rashid Ali (Urdu: سید راشد علی; born 1 January 1975) is a Danish former cricketer. He is of Pakistani descent.

Ali played two matches for Denmark Under-19s against Bermuda Under-19s and Ireland Under-19s in Canada in 1991. He made his Lisr A debut for Denmark in English domestic cricket's 2005 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy against Northamptonshire at Svanholm Park, Brøndby. Opening the batting with Mickey Lund, Ali was dismissed for 8 runs by Charl Pietersen, one of his seven wickets, with Denmark being dismissed for just 56. Their first-class county opponents won the match by 8 wickets. Later in 2005, he was selected in Denmark's squad for the ICC Trophy in Ireland, with the matches in the tournament having List A status. He made four List A appearances during it, against Uganda, the United States, Bermuda and Ireland. Ali scored 32 runs in the tournament, at an average of 8.00, with a high score of 19. This was the last time he played for Denmark.

2005 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy
The 2005 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy was the 4th Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy, an English county cricket tournament, held between 3 May and 3 September 2005. The competition was contested by all 18 first-class counties, as well as 10 minor counties and the national teams of Scotland, Ireland, the Netherlands and Denmark, to make up a full 32-team tournament. The final was won by the Hampshire Hawks, who beat the Warwickshire Bears by 18 runs at Lord's on 3 September 2005.

This would be the final year that the competition used a purely knockout format, and was also the final year to date in which the minor counties also participated. It would be the first year white balls and coloured clothing were used, although red balls and white clothing were still used in the early stages in matches between first class counties and the minor counties.
Leghorn Swoggled
Leghorn Swoggled is a 1951 Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies cartoon directed by Robert McKimson and written by Warren Foster. The cartoon was released on July 28, 1951, and features Foghorn Leghorn, Henery Hawk and the Barnyard Dawg. The cartoon's plot is similar to Henhouse Henery (1949) and The Leghorn Blows at Midnight (1950). The title is a humorous portmanteau of Leghorn (Foghorn's last name) and the word "hornswoggle", meaning to lie and deceive.

Robert McKimson
Robert Porter McKimson Sr. (October 13, 1910 – September 29, 1977) was an American animator and illustrator, best known for his work on the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons from Warner Bros. Cartoons and later DePatie–Freleng Enterprises. He wrote and directed many animated cartoon shorts starring Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Foghorn Leghorn, Hippety Hopper, Speedy Gonzales, and the Tasmanian Devil, among other characters. He also developed Bugs Bunny's design in the 1943 short Tortoise Wins by a Hare.
Fitzalan Square
Fitzalan Square is a municipal square situated in the city centre of Sheffield in South Yorkshire, England. The present day square is one of the busiest areas of the city centre, with traffic and pedestrians continually moving through the area. It has a Sheffield Supertram stop and a taxi rank.

This area of the city had been the market quarter since the medieval era and the modern square takes its name from the Fitzalan Market Hall, which stood near the site from 1786 to 1930. The Fitzalans were a lesser branch of the Howard family, Dukes of Norfolk and the major local landowners at that time.

In 2017, Sheffield City Council announced plans to renovate the square.

Sheffield City Council
Sheffield City Council is the local authority for the City of Sheffield, a metropolitan borough with city status in South Yorkshire, England. The council consists of 84 councillors, elected to represent 28 wards, each with three councillors. It is currently under no overall control, with Labour, the Liberal Democrats and the Green Party each holding chair positions in a proportionate number of committees.
Frederick Blundell
Frederick John Blundell (19 November 1850 – 26 April 1929) was an English first-class cricketer and agriculturalist.

The son of Joseph Blundell, he was born in November 1850 at South Stoneham, Hampshire. A club cricketer in Southampton for St Luke's Cricket Club, Blundell made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Hampshire against Marylebone Cricket Club at Southampton in 1880. Batting once in the match, he was dismissed for 2 runs by Robert Clayton in Hampshire's first innings. With his slow bowling, he took the wickets of John West and Walter Bird in the MCC's first innings, with Hampshire winning the match by an innings and 38 runs. Outside of cricket, Blundell was a renowned agriculturalist in Hampshire and was a member of the Hampshire Farmer's Club. He died in April 1929 at Botley, Hampshire. He was interred at Botley close to the family vault, which was full at the time of his death.

Club cricket
Club cricket is a mainly amateur, but still formal form of the sport of cricket, usually involving teams playing in competitions at weekends or in the evening. There is a great deal of variation in game format although the Laws of Cricket are observed. The main nations that club cricket is played in include Pakistan, England, Australia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, West Indies, New Zealand, Bangladesh, Nepal, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Ireland, Wales, Scotland, Netherlands, Hong Kong and in some of the major cities in India. Club cricket is also now played in the United States and Canada, as both countries have large communities of immigrants from mainstream cricket-playing regions such as the Caribbean, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australasia.
Jordan Officer
Jordan Officer (born 1976) is a Canadian guitarist who plays jazz, blues, and country music. He has worked often with singer Susie Arioli, as well as releasing music as a solo artist.

Officer was born in Montreal. He played violin and drums before taking up guitar at the age of fourteen. He performed with blues bands in clubs, which is how he met Susie Arioli, a Canadian jazz singer who also plays snare drum. In 1997, they added a bassist and formed a trio which performed in bars and clubs. During the following year, they opened for Ray Charles at the Montreal Jazz Festival. Officer cites Charlie Christian as an influence and has a particular fondness for the swing era. He has played mandolin with opera singer Nils Brown and has worked with blues musician Stephen Barry.

In 2024 he released the album Like Never Before, which included collaborations with Martha Wainwright, Ariane Moffatt and Brad Barr.

Brad Barr
Philip Bradford "Brad" Barr (born July 27, 1975), better known by "Brad Barr," is an American-Canadian guitarist and singer-songwriter, best known for his work with The Slip, The Barr Brothers and Surprise Me Mr. Davis.

Born to his mother Nancy Verde Barr, a contemporary author and culinary chef, and his father Philip Duane Barr, a once practicing orthodontist, during the summer of 1975 in Providence, Rhode Island. This would set Barr up for a core memory in his adolescent years, a time in which he'd often wander Rhode Island with his early friends, resulting in an incidental visit to the Newport's "Breakers Mansion." This event lead to the inspiration for the titular track of The Barr Brothers' fourth studio album; Queens of The Breakers.
Bree Newsome
Brittany Ann Byuarm Newsome Bass (born May 13, 1985) is an American filmmaker, activist and speaker from Charlotte, North Carolina. She is best known for her act of civil disobedience on June 27, 2015, when she was arrested for removing the Confederate flag from the South Carolina state house grounds in the aftermath of the Charleston church shooting. The resulting publicity put pressure on state officials to remove the flag, and it was taken down permanently on July 10, 2015.

12th Annual Black Reel Awards
The 2012 Black Reel Awards, which annually recognize and celebrate the achievements of black people in feature, independent and television films, took place in Washington, D.C., on February 9, 2012. While the film Pariah had the most nominations with nine, The Help was the big winner taking home six out of the seven awards for which it was nominated. Attack the Block and  Shame were also multiple winners, with each winning two awards. Octavia Spencer, Viola Davis and Steve McQueen also won two awards apiece.
89th Texas Legislature
The 89th Texas Legislature is the meeting of the legislative branch of the U.S. state of Texas, composed of the Texas Senate and the Texas House of Representatives. The regular session ended on June 2, 2025.

All 150 seats in the Texas House of Representatives and 15 seats in the Texas Senate were up for election in November 2024, with Republicans continuing their majority in both chambers.

David Cook (Texas politician)
David Cook (born July 5, 1971) is an American politician serving as a member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 96th district. Cook was first elected in November 2020 and assumed office in January 2021. He is a member of the Republican Party and was the mayor of Mansfield, Texas, from May 2008 to January 2021.