hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Filatovo (lake)
Filatovo (Russian: Филатово) is a body of water in Makushinsky District, Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is the largest lake in the district.

The lake is located 46 kilometers (29 mi) to the south of Makushino and 57 kilometers (35 mi) to the southwest of Petukhovo. Presnovka, the capital of Zhambyl District, North Kazakhstan Region, lies 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) to the south, in Kazakhstan.

Zhambyl District, North Kazakhstan Region
Zhambyl District (Kazakh: Жамбыл ауданы, Jambyl audany) is a district of North Kazakhstan Region in northern Kazakhstan. The administrative center of the district is the selo of Presnovka. Population: 23,557 (2013 estimate); 25,378 (2009 census results); 36,989 (1999 census results).
Swimming at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Women's 200 metre individual medley
The women's 200 metre individual medley event at the 1972 Olympic Games took place August 28. This swimming event used medley swimming. Because an Olympic size swimming pool is 50 metres long, this race consisted of four lengths of the pool. The first length was swum using the butterfly stroke, the second with the backstroke, the third length in breaststroke, and the fourth freestyle. Unlike other events using freestyle, swimmers could not use butterfly, backstroke, or breaststroke for the freestyle leg; most swimmers use the front crawl in freestyle events anyway.

Breaststroke
Breaststroke is a swimming style in which the swimmer is on their chest and the torso does not rotate. It is the most popular recreational style due to the swimmer's head being out of the water a large portion of the time, and that it can be swum comfortably at slow speeds. In most swimming classes, beginners learn either the breaststroke or the freestyle (front crawl) first. However, at the competitive level, swimming breaststroke at speed requires endurance and strength comparable to other strokes. Some people refer to breaststroke as the "frog" stroke because the arms and legs move somewhat like a frog swimming in the water. The stroke itself is the slowest of any competitive strokes and is thought to be the oldest of all swimming strokes.
John Smith (BBC executive)
John Smith (born August 1957) was the chief executive officer of BBC Worldwide from 2004 until 2012 and was a board member of Burberry Group plc and Chief Operating Officer. He is now Chairman of several businesses and a Director of both listed and private equity owned companies.

Smith attended the Shelton Lock school (which became Merrill College) in Derby. He later went to the Harvard Business School. He completed the management development programme at the BRB Group before joining the BBC where he became CFO then COO. From there he became CEO of BBC Worldwide.

Alvaston Moor Academy
Alvaston Moor Academy is a secondary school for students aged 11–16 years, located in Alvaston, Derby, England, which opened in 2021. The school operated under the name Merrill College until 2012, and then as Merrill Academy from 2013 until 2021.
Wojciech Stattler
Wojciech Korneli Stattler or Albert Kornel Stattler (20 April 1800 – 6 November 1875) was a Polish Romantic painter of Swiss aristocratic ancestry, who started training in Vienna and at age 17 went to St. Luke's Academy in Rome. From 1831 he taught as professor at the School of Fine Arts in Kraków. 1850 he returned to Rome.  His most famous pupil was Poland's leading painter of historical figures and events, Jan Matejko.

Romanticism in Poland
Romanticism in Poland, a literary, artistic and intellectual period in the evolution of Polish culture, began around 1820, coinciding with the publication of Adam Mickiewicz's first poems in 1822. It ended with the suppression of the January 1863 Uprising against the Russian Empire in 1864.  The latter event ushered in a new era in Polish culture known as Positivism.

Polish Romanticism, unlike Romanticism in some other parts of Europe, was not limited to literary and artistic concerns. Due to specific Polish historical circumstances, notably the partitions of Poland, it was also an ideological, philosophical, and political movement that expressed the ideals and way of life of a Polish society subjected to foreign rule and to ethnic and religious discrimination.
A. H. F. Lefroy
Augustus Henry Frazer Lefroy (21 June 1852 – 7 March 1919) was a Canadian legal scholar.

Augustus Henry Frazer Lefroy was born on 21 June 1852 in Toronto, then in Canada West. He attended Rugby School and New College, Oxford, receiving an honours BA in 1875 and a MA in 1880.

Lefroy was called to the bars of England and Ontario in 1877 and 1878, respectively. He became a professor of law at the University of Toronto in 1900. He wrote four texts on Canadian constitutional law, published between 1897 and 1920. Lefroy was a legal positivist who endorsed the views of John Austin.

He died on 7 March 1919 in Ottawa.

John Austin (legal philosopher)
John Austin (3 March 1790 – 1 December 1859) was an English legal theorist who posthumously influenced British and American law with an analytical approach to jurisprudence and a theory of legal positivism. Austin opposed traditional approaches of "natural law", arguing against any need for connections between law and morality. Human legal systems, he claimed, can and should be studied in an empirical, value-free way.
Ibn Sab'in
Ibn Sab'īn (Arabic: محمدبن عبدالحق بن سبعين ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq b. Sabʿīn al-Mursī) was an Arab Sufi philosopher, the last philosopher of the Andalus in the west land of Islamic world. He was born in 1217 in Spain and lived in Ceuta. It has been suggested that he was a Neoplatonic philosopher, a Peripatetic philosopher, a Pythagorean philosopher, a Hermeticist, an alchemist, a heterodox Sufi, a pantheist, though none of these adequately characterise Ibn Sab'in. He was also known for his knowledge of esotericism and was well versed in the knowledge of Islam and of other religions.

From his time and continuing through to today, Ibn Sabʿīn has been criticized for his views, though often by detractors who did so without an in-depth knowledge of his works, as many of the accusations against Ibn Sabʿīn are invalidated by Ibn Sabʿīn’s own writings, and suggest that some of our author’s critics were not even familiar with his works.

Eastern esotericism
Eastern esotericism is a term used by some scholars that loosely encompasses religious beliefs and practices of the Eastern world said to be "esoteric", secret, or occult. Its demarcation as a field, however, is difficult, as it varies depending on the boundaries of geographical and cultural notions of Western and Eastern (such as concerning Islamic nations) and the definition of esotericism, with some scholars arguing it cannot be a concept beyond Western esotericism (which may raise questions about an unsuitable non-emic classification), while others propose a globalizing perspective. Still, it has been employed by scholars who recognize the category, used to denote comparable secret studies and practices, mainly in traditions of Hinduism and Buddhism, and also in other systems, ethnic religions, and syncretisms.
Osiczyn
Osiczyn [ɔˈɕit͡ʂɨn] (German: Neuhof) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Borne Sulinowo, within Szczecinek County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north-west of Borne Sulinowo, 18 km (11 mi) south-west of Szczecinek, and 128 km (80 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 40.

Szczecinek
Szczecinek (Polish: [ʂt͡ʂɛˈt͡ɕinɛk] ⓘ; German: Neustettin) is a historic city in Middle Pomerania, northwestern Poland, capital of Szczecinek County in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, with a population of more than 40,000 (2011). The town's total area is 48.63 square kilometres (18.78 square miles).

The turbulent history of Szczecinek reaches back to the High Middle Ages, when the area was ruled by Pomeranian dukes and princes. The majority of the city's architecture survived World War II and, subsequently, its entire Old Town was proclaimed a national heritage monument of Poland. Szczecinek is the location of one of the oldest museums and one of the oldest high schools in Pomerania and northern Poland, and one of the places of production of krówki. It is an important railroad junction, located along the main Poznań - Kołobrzeg line, which crosses less important lines to Chojnice and Słupsk.
Nilla Fischer
Åsa Nilla Maria Fischer (born 2 August 1984) is a Swedish former footballer and police officer. Her last club was Linköpings FC. She played in the Swedish national team between 2001 and 2022. She was previously the captain of FC Rosengård. On 27 December 2022, she decided to retire. She graduated from the Swedish police academy in July 2025, and has been working full-time as a police officer since then.

VfL Wolfsburg (women)
Verein für Leibesübungen Wolfsburg e. V., commonly known as VfL Wolfsburg, is a German professional women's football club based in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony. The club is currently playing in the top division of Germany the Bundesliga. The club won the UEFA Women's Champions League in 2013 and 2014.
2018–19 Russian Cup
The 2018–19 Russian Cup, also known as the Olimp Russian Cup was the 27th season of the Russian football knockout tournament since the dissolution of Soviet Union. The Russian Cup is organized by the Russian Football Union.

The competition started on 21 July 2018 and concluded on 22 May 2019.

Russian Football Union
The Russian Football Union (Russian: Российский Футбольный Союз, Rossiyskiy Futbolnyy Soyuz or RFS) is the official governing body of association football in the Russian Federation. With headquarters in Moscow, it organizes Russian amateur and professional football, including the men's, women's, youth, beach soccer, futsal and Paralympic national teams. The RFS sanctions referees and football tournaments for the Russian Premier League and other football leagues in Russia. RFS is headed by Aleksandr Dyukov, the CEO of Gazprom Neft.
Vyatka Governorate
Vyatka Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR from 1796 to 1929, with its capital in Vyatka (now Kirov). The area of the governorate roughly corresponds to modern-day Kirov Oblast and Udmurtia.

It was formed on territory of the historical lands of Vyatka (Latin: Veticiae).

Udmurtia
Udmurtia, officially the Udmurt Republic, is a republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is administratively part of the Volga Federal District. Its capital is the city of Izhevsk.

It was established as the Udmurt (until 1931 — Votskaya) an autonomous region of the Udmurts, Udmurtia, within Russia on November 4, 1920.
Inierie
Inierie is a stratovolcano located in the south-central part of the island of Flores, Indonesia, overlooking the Savu Sea. It is the highest volcano on the island.

The volcano looms over the little town of Bajawa and its upper slopes are bare without any vegetation.

The volcano is not active but there were reports of smoke emerging from the crater in June 1911.

Savu Sea
The Savu Sea (or the Sawu Sea) (Indonesian: Laut Sawu, Portuguese: Mar de Savu, Tetum: Tasi Savu) is a small sea within Indonesia named for the island of Savu (Sawu) on its southern boundary.  It is bounded by Savu and Raijua to the south, the islands of Rote and Timor (split between East Timor and Indonesia) to the east, Flores and the Alor archipelago to the north/northwest, and the island of Sumba to the west/northwest. Between these islands, it flows into the Indian Ocean to the south and west, the Flores Sea to the north, and the Banda Sea to the northeast.

The Savu Sea spans about 360 km (220 mi) from west to east, and 290 km (180 mi) from north to south. Its area is about 105,000 km2 (41,000 sq mi). It reaches about 3,500 m (11,500 ft) in depth. The largest city on the sea is Kupang, the capital of East Nusa Tenggara province on the island of Timor, with about 450,000 inhabitants.
ATN Cricket Plus
ATN Cricket Plus is a Canadian English language discretionary specialty channel owned by Asian Television Network (ATN). ATN Cricket Plus broadcasts programming related to the sport of cricket including live and tape-delayed matches and news and highlight series.

Television in Canada
Television in Canada officially began with the sign-on of the nation's first television stations in Montreal and Toronto in 1952. As with most media in Canada, the television industry, and the television programming available in that country, are strongly influenced by media in the United States and the United Kingdom, perhaps to an extent not seen in any other major industrialized nation. As a result, the government institutes quotas for "Canadian content". Nonetheless, new content is often aimed at a broader North American audience, although the similarities may be less pronounced in the predominantly French-language province of Quebec.
Cancom SE
Cancom SE is a German company for IT services based in Munich in the field of cloud computing. Cancom was the sixth-largest IT systems house in Germany in 2023.

The group is a partner of Hewlett-Packard, Microsoft, Cisco, IBM, SAP, Symantec, Citrix, VMware, Apple, Pure Storage and Adobe in Germany, among others.

Everpure
Everpure, Inc. (formerly known as Pure Storage) is an American publicly traded technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California, United States. It develops all-flash data storage hardware and software products. Pure Storage was founded in 2009 and developed its products in stealth mode until 2011. Afterwards, the company grew in revenues by about 50% per quarter and raised more than $470 million in venture capital funding, before going public in 2015. Initially, Pure Storage developed the software for storage controllers and used generic flash storage hardware. Pure Storage finished developing its own proprietary flash storage hardware in 2015. In February 2026, the company rebranded as Everpure.
Benelli Tre 1130 K
The Benelli Tre 1130 K is a Benelli 1100 class sport bike. It has a liquid cooled 4 stroke three cylinder DOHC 1,130 cc (69 cu in) engine based on the design used in the Tornado Naked Tre 1130, or TnT. Like the TnT, it also has tubular frame.

Benelli (motorcycles)
Benelli Q.J. is an Italian company, based in the city of Pesaro in the Marche region, that produces motorcycles and scooters.

Since 2005 Benelli is owned by the Qianjiang Motorcycle, a Chinese company owned by the Geely Holding Group. Originally founded in 1911 in Pesaro, Benelli is the second oldest Italian motorcycle company still in business.

Design, development and marketing activities are carried out at the Benelli QJ headquarters in Pesaro, Italy, in synergy with the parent company of Wenling China where motorcycles are produced.
Application Defined Network
An Application Defined Network (ADN) is a style of enterprise data network that uses virtual networks and security components to provide a logical network for applications. This allows customized security and network policies to be created to meet the requirements of that specific application. ADN technology allows for simple physical architectures with fewer devices and less configuration and integration. Usage of ADNs help corporate data centers, cloud services, and third-party networks securely and cost-effectively. Some ADN solutions integrate 3G or 4G wireless backup services to enable a second internet connection when connectivity is lost on the primary access connection. The ADN design provides an application-to-application (A2A) based model instead of S2S (site-to-site) model.

Security policy
Security policy is a definition of what it means to be secure for a system, organization or other entity.  For an organization, it addresses the constraints on behavior of its members as well as constraints imposed on adversaries by mechanisms such as doors, locks, keys, and walls.  For systems, the security policy addresses constraints on functions and flow among them, constraints on access by external systems and adversaries including programs and access to data by people.
Thukhamein Hlaing
Thukhamein Hlaing (Burmese: သုခမိန်လှိုင်, b. 1948), also known by his pen name Siddhattha Hlaing (သိဒ္ဓတ္ထလှိုင်) is a Burmese poet, songwriter, and writer. Along with contemporaries like Aung Cheint, he helped revolutionised contemporary Burmese poetry, by pivoting away from classical forms of Burmese poetry. He is a prolific pop music songwriter, closely associated with musicians like Kaiser, Connie, Hay Mar Nay Win, and May Sweet. Along with Maung Thit Min, Win Min Tway, and Min Chit Thu, he is considered one of the "Four Kings" (မင်းလေးမင်း) of Burmese songwriting.

Burmese literature
The literature of Myanmar (Burmese: မြန်မာစာပေ) spans over a millennium. The Burmese language, unlike other Southeast Asian languages (e.g. Thai, Khmer), adopted words primarily from Pāli rather than from Sanskrit. In addition, Burmese literature tends to reflect local folklore and culture.

Burmese literature has historically been a very important aspect of Burmese life steeped in the Pali Canon of Buddhism. Traditionally, Burmese children were educated by monks in monasteries in towns and villages. During British colonial rule, instruction was formalised and unified, and often bilingual, in both English and Burmese known as Anglo-Vernacular. Burmese literature played a key role in disseminating nationalism among the Burmese during the colonial era, with writers such as Thakin Kodaw Hmaing, an outspoken critic of British colonialism in Burma.

Beginning soon after self-rule, government censorship in Burma has been heavy, stifling literary expression.
Patagonia (film)
Patagonia is a 2010 Welsh-Argentine drama film co-written and directed by Marc Evans. The story centres on Welsh and Argentine people connected to "Y Wladfa", the Welsh settlement in Patagonia, Argentina. The film stars several well-known Welsh actors including Matthew Rhys, Nia Roberts and the singer Duffy. It premiered at the Seattle International Film Festival on 10 June 2010 and had its UK premiere in Cardiff on 4 March 2011.

It was selected as the British entry for Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards, but it did not make the final shortlist.

Seattle International Film Festival
The Seattle International Film Festival (SIFF) is an Oscar-qualifying film festival held annually in Seattle, Washington, United States, since 1976. It usually takes place in late May and/or early June. It is one of the largest festivals in the world, and features a diverse assortment of predominantly independent and foreign films, and a strong contingent of documentaries.

SIFF 2006 included more than 300 films and 160,000 attendees; also it was the first SIFF to include a venue in neighboring Bellevue, Washington, after an ill-fated early attempt. However, in 2008, the festival was back to being entirely in Seattle, and had a slight decrease in the number of feature films. The 2010 festival featured over 400 films, shown primarily in downtown Seattle and its nearby neighborhoods, and in Renton, Kirkland, and Juanita Beach Park.
Orpheum Theater (Madison, Wisconsin)
The Orpheum Theater is a live performance and musical theater built in the 1920s as a movie palace in downtown Madison, Wisconsin, located one block from the Wisconsin State Capitol. In 2008 the Orpheum was added to the National Register of Historic Places as Madison's best surviving representative of the movie palace era.

Performance
A performance is an act or process of staging or presenting a play, concert, or other forms of entertainment. It is also defined as the action or process of carrying out or accomplishing an action, task, or function.
Eroii de la Rovine
Eroii de la Rovine ("The Heroes of Rovine") is a one-act opera composed by Nicolae Bretan. The libretto is by Bretan, based on the poem "Scrisoarea III" (Letter III) by Mihai Eminescu, inspired by the Battle of Rovine between Wallachia and the Ottoman Empire.  The piece received its world premiere on 24 January 1935 at the Romanian Opera, Cluj, where it was revived in 1987.

Romanian National Opera, Cluj-Napoca
The Romanian National Opera, Cluj-Napoca (Romanian: Opera Națională Română din Cluj-Napoca) is one of the national opera and ballet companies of Romania. The Opera shares the same building with the National Theatre in Cluj-Napoca.
Environmental issues in Turkey
Turkey hosts more than three thousand endemic plant species, has high diversity of other taxa, and is mostly covered by three of the world's thirty-five biodiversity hotspots.  Although some environmental pressures have been decoupled from economic growth, the environment still faces many threats, such as coal and diesel fuel emitting greenhouse gases and deadly fine particulate air pollution. There is no fine particulate limit and coal in Turkey is subsidized. Some say the country is a pollution haven.

European Environment Agency
The European Environment Agency (EEA) is the agency of the European Union (EU) which provides independent information on the environment in climate policy, biodiversity conservation and other environmental goals set by the country.
Neoconorbina
Neoconorbina is a genus of recent (Holocene) discorboidean foraminifers related to Rosalina with a low conical trochoidal test, circular in outline. The conical side is the spiral side, on which all three whorls are visible, the final chamber taking up most of the periphery. The umbilical side is flat to concave. exposing only the three to four chambers of the final whorl around an open umbilicus. Chambers on the umbilical side have triangular to platelike umbilical extensions as with other rasalinids. The wall of is calcite, finely and densely perforate on the spiral side, more coarsely perforate on the umbilical side; surface smooth; aperture at the umbilical margin of the chamber, beneath the platelike extension, or folium.

Neoconorbina and the Rosalinidae are included in the Kingdom Protoctista according to the Sen Gupta, 2002. Loeblich and Tappan, 1964, in the Treatise included Neoconobina in the Discorbidae, along with such as  Discorbis and Rosalina, all regarded as Protista.

Helen Niña Tappan Loeblich
Helen Niña Tappan Loeblich (October 12, 1917 – August 18, 2004) was an American micropaleontologist who was a professor of geology at the University of California, Los Angeles, a United States Geological Survey (USGS) biostratigrapher, and a scientific illustrator whose micropaleontology specialty was research on Cretaceous foraminifera.

She received a Guggenheim Fellowship award in 1953 and travelled to Europe to focus on her studies of foraminifera with her husband. She would also be awarded with multiple other titles and was recognized as the first woman professor in Tulane University.
Selagia spadicella
Selagia spadicella is a species of snout moth. It is found in most of Europe (except Ireland, Great Britain, Portugal, Spain and Slovenia), as well as in Turkey and North Africa (including Morocco).

The wingspan is 23–28 mm. Adults are on wing from July to September.

The larvae feed on Calluna and Teucrium species.

Calluna
Calluna vulgaris, common heather, ling, or simply heather, is the sole species in the genus Calluna in the flowering plant family Ericaceae. It is a low-growing evergreen shrub growing to 20 to 50 centimetres (8 to 20 in) tall, or rarely to 1 metre (40 in) and taller, and is found widely in Europe and Asia Minor on acidic soils in open sunny situations and in moderate shade.

It is the dominant plant in most heathland and moorland in Europe, and in some bog vegetation and acidic pine and oak woodland.  It is tolerant of grazing and regenerates following occasional burning, and is often managed in nature reserves and grouse moors by sheep or cattle grazing, and also by light burning.