hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sunscreen Innovation Act
The Sunscreen Innovation Act (S. 2141, Pub. L. 113–195 (text) (PDF)) is a U.S. federal law passed by the House in 2014 that amended the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to establish an expedited process for the review and approval of over-the-counter (OTC) sunscreens. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had not approved a new active ingredient in sunscreen since 1999, despite some sunscreens having been approved and used overseas for a decade. The new law gave the FDA one year to respond to the existing backlog of sunscreen ingredient approval requests, and then 18 months to reply to any future applications.

The bill was introduced during the 113th United States Congress by Rep. Ed Whitfield (R, KY-1) and Sen. Jack Reed (D, RI), and signed into law by president Barack Obama on November 26, 2014.

Congressional Budget Office
The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) is a federal agency within the legislative branch of the United States government that provides budget and economic information to Congress. It is headquartered at the Ford House Office Building in Washington, DC. Inspired by California's Legislative Analyst's Office that manages the state budget in a strictly nonpartisan fashion, the CBO was created as a nonpartisan agency by the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974.

Whereas politicians on both sides of the aisle have criticized the CBO when its estimates have been politically inconvenient, economists and other academics overwhelmingly reject that the CBO is partisan or that it fails to produce credible forecasts. There is a consensus among economists that "adjusting for legal restrictions on what the CBO can assume about future legislation and events, the CBO has historically issued credible forecasts of the effects of both Democratic and Republican legislative proposals."
Carol Mansell
Carol Mansell is an American film and television actress, best known for her first television role: Ethel MacDoogan (aka Angel 972), the main character in the sitcom Down to Earth, running on WTBS from 1984 to 1987.

After the cancellation of Down to Earth, Mansell has mainly appeared in individual television episodes. Her recurring roles include parts in Married... with Children, Seinfeld, That '70s Show, Desperate Housewives, Days of Our Lives, The King of Queens, and a 2012 episode of Justified. She also appeared in the Season 9 episode of Friends "The One in Barbados Part 1" as a fan of Joey's. Her most prominent film role is as Collette Marshall in the 2000 biopic/horror film In the Light of the Moon. Other film appearances include those in The Couch Trip and Thelma & Louise. She has also appeared in the audio drama Adventures in Odyssey playing the character of “Eleanor Wise”.

That '70s Show
That '70s Show is an American television teen sitcom that aired on Fox from August 23, 1998, to May 18, 2006. The series focuses on the lives of a group of six teenage friends living in the fictional town of Point Place, Wisconsin, from 1976 to 1979. The ensemble cast features Topher Grace, Mila Kunis, Ashton Kutcher, Danny Masterson, Laura Prepon, Wilmer Valderrama, Lisa Robin Kelly, Debra Jo Rupp, Kurtwood Smith, Don Stark, Tommy Chong, and Tanya Roberts.

In 1999, the show was remade for the ITV network in the United Kingdom as Days Like These using almost verbatim scripts with minor changes to cultural references. A sequel series, That '90s Show, set in 1995 and focusing on the children of the main characters of the original show, was released on Netflix from 2023 to 2024.
Leiv Magnus Vidvei
Leiv Magnus Vidvei (11 September 1923 – 15 October 2016) was a Norwegian economist, civil servant and politician for the Liberal Party.

He was born in Time as a son of teacher Tor Vidvei (1888–1969) and Olga Gudmestad (1895–1972). In 1954 he married Alfhild Stene.

He finished his secondary education in 1943 and took Stavanger Commerce School in 1944. In 1950 he graduated with the cand.oecon. degree from the University of Oslo. He was hired as a secretary in Statistics Norway in 1949 and was promoted to acting assisting secretary in 1954 before moving on to become head of department in the Bank of Norway in 1955.

He was a member of Riksskattestyret from 1967 to 1971, and also deputy member of Bærum municipal council during the same period. From 1970 to 1971 he was appointed to Borten's Cabinet as a State Secretary in the Ministry of Finance and Customs. He has also worked in NATO and the International Monetary Fund.

He resided in Bekkestua and died in October 2016 at the age of 93.

Bærum
Bærum (Norwegian: [ˈbæ̂ːrʉm] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Greater Oslo Region in Akershus County, Norway. It forms an affluent suburb of Oslo on the west coast of the city. Bærum is Norway's fifth largest municipality with a population of 128,760 (2021). The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Sandvika. Bærum was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838.

Bærum has the highest income per capita in Norway and the highest proportion of university-educated individuals. Bærum, particularly its eastern neighbourhoods bordering West End Oslo, is one of Norway's priciest and most fashionable residential areas. The municipality has been voted the best Norwegian place to live in considering governance and public services to citizens.
TT137
The Theban Tomb TT137 is located in Sheikh Abd el-Qurna. It forms part of the Theban Necropolis, situated on the west bank of the Nile opposite Luxor.

The tomb belongs to a 19th Dynasty ancient Egyptian named Mose, who was Head of the works of the Lord of the Two Lands in every monument of Amun during the reign of Ramesses II. Mose's wife was named Takharu.

The tomb has an inscribed passageway. Mose appears before a cartouche of Ramesses II. A funerary cone records the names of Mose's parents. His father Bak was a dignitary (and head of the Works in the Place of Eternity), and his mother's name was Tekhu.

Thebes, Egypt
Thebes (Egyptian Arabic: طيبه), known to the ancient Egyptians as Waset, was an ancient Egyptian city located along the Nile about 800 kilometers (500 mi) south of the Mediterranean. Its ruins lie within the modern Egyptian city of Luxor. Thebes was the main city of the fourth Upper Egyptian nome (Sceptre nome) and was the capital of Egypt for long periods during the Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom eras.

The city was close to Nubia and the Eastern Desert, with its valuable mineral resources and trade routes. It was a religious center and the most venerated city during many periods of ancient Egyptian history.

The site of Thebes includes areas on both the eastern bank of the Nile, where the temples of Karnak and Luxor stand and where the city was situated; and the western bank, where a necropolis of large private and royal cemeteries and funerary complexes can be found. In 1979, the ruins of ancient Thebes were classified by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
Howard Marshall
Howard Marshall is the name of:

Howard Marshall (broadcaster) (1900–1973), English sports broadcaster

Howard Marshall (rugby union) (1870–1929), English rugby union player

I. Howard Marshall (1934–2015), biblical scholar

J. Howard Marshall (1905–1995), American oil business executive

J. Howard Marshall III (born 1936), American businessman

J. Howard Marshall III
James Howard Marshall III (born February 6, 1936) is president and owner of MDH Industries, an electronics company based in Monrovia, California. He is the eldest son of J. Howard Marshall II, who owned 16% of Koch Industries.
Elmar Järvesoo
Elmar Järvesoo (until 1935 Elmar Gerberson; 22 March 1909, Pati Parish, Pärnu County – 7 December 1994 Daytona Beach, United States) was an Estonian agricultural scientist and politician.

In 1934 he graduated from the University of Tartu with a degree in agronomy. From 1934 to 1937 and in the 1940s he taught at the University of Tartu.

Following the Soviet reoccupation of Estonia in 1944, he fled to Germany. He was one of the founders of the Baltic University (1945–1949).

In 1949 he moved to the United States. From 1950 to 1977 he taught at the University of Massachusetts. In addition to teaching, he was the long-time head of Tartu Institute (in Toronto, Canada).

Järvesoo was also active in politics. From 1964 to 1971 he was the Estonian minister of education in exile, and from 1964 to 1971 the Estonian minister of agriculture in exile.

Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1944)
The Soviet Union (USSR) occupied most of the territory of the Baltic states in its 1944 Baltic Offensive during World War II. The Red Army regained control over the three Baltic capitals and encircled retreating Wehrmacht and Latvian forces in the Courland Pocket, where they held out until the final German surrender at the end of the war.
Antipterna stichoptis
Antipterna stichoptis is a species of moth in the family Oecophoridae, first described by Oswald Bertram Lower in 1915 as Linosticha stichoptis.   The male holotype for Linosticha stichoptis was collected at Broken Hill in New South Wales, in a Casuarina tree.

Casuarina
Casuarina, also known as she-oak, Australian pine and native pine, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Casuarinaceae, and is native to Australia, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, islands of the western Pacific Ocean, and eastern Africa.

Plants in the genus Casuarina are monoecious or dioecious trees with green, pendulous, photosynthetic branchlets, the leaves reduced to small scales arranged in whorls around the branchlets, the male and female flowers arranged in separate spikes, the fruit a cone containing grey or yellowish-brown winged seeds.
That Kind of Woman
That Kind of Woman is a 1959 American drama film directed by Sidney Lumet, who was nominated for the Golden Bear at the 9th Berlin International Film Festival. It stars Sophia Loren and Tab Hunter. The screenplay by Walter Bernstein, based on a short story by Robert Lowry ("Layover in El Paso"), is highly reminiscent of the 1938 film The Shopworn Angel.

The Paramount Pictures release was filmed on location in New York City and Long Beach, New York.

Loren said the film “wasn’t much of a success, despite the fact that a great artist like Sidney Lumet directed it.”

9th Berlin International Film Festival
The 9th annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 26 June to 7 July 1959. The festival welcomed the cinematic movement known as the French New Wave and screened the work of directors such as Jean-Luc Godard, Agnès Varda and François Truffaut.

The Golden Bear was awarded to Les Cousins directed by Claude Chabrol.
Stephen Ting
Stephen Ting, or Ting Ka-Yu, born 1959, is a former chief executive officer of Next Media, Hong Kong's largest listed media company. He was appointed to the post in January 2007.

After joining Apple Daily as chief financial officer in December 1997, Ting went on to become directory of the company and chief financial officer of the Group in 1999. He earned a Bachelor of Economics from Macquarie University in Australia and is a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia.

Ting was the chief operating and financial officer, and an executive director, when he resigned from Next Digital at the end of 2015.

The Hong Kong national security law was enacted by China in 2020. This led to police raids at Next Digital and the arrest of Next Digital employees, including founder Jimmy Lai. Ting was arrested by the national security department of the Hong Kong Police Force on 2 March 2021 on fraud charges, and later released on bail and required to report back to police in May.

Macquarie University
Macquarie University (/məˈkwɒri/ mə-KWORR-ee) is a public research university in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Founded in 1964 by the New South Wales Government, it was the third university to be established in the Sydney metropolitan area.

Established as a verdant university, Macquarie has four faculties, as well as the Macquarie University Hospital, which are on the university's main Wallumattagal campus in the suburb of Macquarie Park.

The university is the first in Australia to fully align its degree system with the Bologna Accord.
Talkhatra
Talkhatra (Arabic: تلخطرة)  is a Syrian village located in Abu al-Duhur Nahiyah in Idlib District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Talkhatra had a population of 749 in the 2004 census.

Abu al-Duhur Subdistrict
Abu al-Duhur Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية أبو الظهور) is a Syrian nahiyah (subdistrict) located in Idlib District in Idlib. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Abu al-Duhur Subdistrict had a population of 38,869 in the 2004 census.
Chess Fever
Chess Fever (Russian: Шахматная горячка, romanized: Shakhmatnaya goryachka) is a 1925 Soviet silent comedy film directed by Vsevolod Pudovkin and Nikolai Shpikovsky. Chess Fever is a comedy about the Moscow 1925 chess tournament, made by Pudovkin during the pause in the filming of Mechanics of the Brain. The film combines acted parts with actual footage from the tournament.

Fedor Ozep
Fedor Ozep or Fyodor Otsep (Russian: Фёдор Алекса́ндрович О́цеп, Fyodor Aleksandrovich Otsep; February 9, 1895 – June 20, 1949) was a Russian-American film director and screenwriter, born in Moscow. An important early writer on film and film theory, he served as dramaturge for the Mezhrabpomfilm-Rus company and wrote a number of films for directors such as V.I. Pudovkin and Yakov Protazanov before turning to directing in 1926.

Ozep was born into a Jewish merchant family in Moscow; his parents Khonon and Basya Otsep owned an umbrella factory. During the production of The Living Corpse in Germany, he decided to remain and worked throughout Europe during the 1930s, enjoying international acclaim for films including The Murderer Dimitri Karamazov and Amok. With the advent of World War II he moved to Hollywood but was unable to establish a career there, directing only one film. His last two films were made in Canada. He died of a heart attack in Los Angeles in 1949.
Mineral dust
Mineral dust is an atmospheric aerosol originated from the suspension of minerals constituting the soil, composed of various oxides and carbonates.  Human activities lead to 25% of the airborne dust (particulates) load in the atmosphere. The Sahara Desert is the major source of mineral dust, which subsequently spreads across the Mediterranean (where it is the origin of rain dust) and Caribbean seas into northern South America, Central America, and eastern North America, and Europe.  Additionally, it plays a significant role in the nutrient inflow to the Amazon rainforest. The Gobi Desert is another source of dust in the atmosphere, which affects eastern Asia and western North America.

Suspension (chemistry)
In chemistry, a suspension is a heterogeneous mixture of a fluid that contains solid particles sufficiently large for sedimentation. The particles may be visible to the naked eye, usually must be larger than one micrometer, and will eventually settle, although the mixture is only classified as a suspension when and while the particles have not settled out.
Mosesite
Mosesite is a very rare mineral found in few locations. It is a mercury mineral found as an accessory in deposits of mercury, often in conjunction with limestone. It is known to be found in the U.S. states of Texas and Nevada, and the Mexican states of Guerrero and Querétaro. It was named after Professor Alfred J. Moses (1859–1920) for his contributions to the field of mineralogy in discovering several minerals found alongside mosesite. The mineral itself is various shades of yellow and a high occurrence of spinel twinning. It becomes isotropic when heated to 186 °C (367 °F).

Crystal optics
Crystal optics is the branch of optics that describes the behaviour of light in anisotropic media, that is, media (such as crystals) in which light behaves differently depending on which direction the light is propagating. The index of refraction depends on both composition and crystal structure and can be calculated using the Gladstone–Dale relation. Crystals are often naturally anisotropic, and in some media (such as liquid crystals) it is possible to induce anisotropy by applying an external electric field.
Rosanna Vaudetti
Rosanna Vaudetti (born 19 December 1937) is an Italian television host and announcer for RAI.

Vaudetti was born in 1937 in Ancona. She was educated at the University of Turin where she was appointed by Radiotelevisione Italiana around late 1960 and became a television announcer for Secondo Programma in 1961. Vaudetti hosted the Italian game show Games Without Frontiers in the 1970s; she was the Italian commentator for the Eurovision Song Contest seven times and the Italian spokesperson in the contest three times. She was married to television director Antonio Moretti.

In April 1999 Vaudetti was appointed Commander of the Italian Republic.

Rosanna Vaudetti is Roman Catholic.

Ancona
Ancona (/æŋˈkoʊnə/, also US: /ænˈ-, ɑːnˈ-/; Italian: [aŋˈkoːna] ⓘ) is a city and a seaport in the Marche region of central Italy. The city of Ancona has an estimated population of around 99,469 as of 2025. Ancona is the capital of the homonymous province and of the region. The city is located 280 km (170 mi) northeast of Rome, on the Adriatic Sea, between the slopes of the two extremities of the promontory of Monte Conero, Monte Astagno and Monte Guasco. The hilly nature around Ancona is a strong contrast to the flatter coastline in areas further north.

Ancona is one of the main ports on the Adriatic Sea, especially for passenger traffic, and is the main economic and demographic centre of the region.

As a result of Ancona's unique elbow shape facing the sea, Ancona is one of the few cities in the world and the only city in Italy where it is possible to see both sunrise and sunset over the sea.
VM/386
VM/386 is a multitasking Multi-user environment or 'control program' that took early advantage of the capabilities of Intel's 386 processor. By utilizing Virtual 8086 mode, users were able to run their existing text-based and graphical DOS software in safely separate environments. The system offered a high degree of control, with the ability to set memory limits, CPU usage and scheduling parameters, device assignments, and interrupt priorities through a virtual machine manager menu. Unique CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files could be configured for each application, and even different DOS versions. In 1991 the vendor announced intentions to support DPMI 1.0 in VM/386.

CONFIG.SYS
CONFIG.SYS is the configuration file for the DOS and OS/2 operating systems that specifies startup options – options that cannot be changed after the system has booted. The data it contains is read by the system and used to configure many aspects including memory management, peripherals and applications. Each line can contain a name-value pair that is either a directive that sets the value of a system setting or with name "DEVICE" extends system capability by loading a file such as a device driver or a terminate-and-stay-resident (TSR) program. CONFIG.SYS was introduced with DOS 2.0.

As Windows technology diverged from DOS over time, use of CONFIG.SYS diminished. Both CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT are in the root folder of the Windows 95 and Windows 98 boot drives, but typically, they are empty. Windows Me does not use a CONFIG.SYS file at all. Instead, it loads environment variables from the Windows Registry key: HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\SessionManager\Environment.
Ge with stroke
Ge with a stroke (Ғ ғ, italics: Ғ ғ) is a Cyrillic letter which represents the letter Г with a horizontal stroke. It is also used in the Bashkir, Kazakh Cyrillic and Uzbek Cyrillic alphabets where it represents a voiced uvular fricative /ʁ/. Despite having a similar shape, it is not related to the F of the Latin alphabet.  In Kazakh, this letter may also represent the voiced velar fricative /ɣ/. In the Uzbek Latin alphabet, this letter corresponds to Gʻ.

The letter is also used in Bashkir, Tajik, Karakalpak, Shor, Siberian Tatar and Nivkh languages, and formerly in Azerbaijani. It is similar to the letter Ğ found in Turkish and Latin Azerbaijani alphabets.

Shor language
Shor (endonym: шор тили, şor tili; тадар тили, tadar tili), or Kuznets Tatar, is a critically endangered Turkic language spoken by about 2,800 people in a region called Mountain Shoriya, in Kemerovo Oblast in Southwest Siberia, although the entire Shor population in this area is over 12,000 people. Presently, not all ethnic Shors speak Shor and the language suffered a decline from the late 1930s to the early 1980s. During this period the Shor language was neither written nor taught in schools. However, since the 1980s and 1990s there has been a Shor language revival. The language is now taught at the Novokuznetsk branch of the Kemerovo State University.
Nomandla Bloem
Sylvia Nomandla Bloem is a South African politician who served as the Northern Cape MEC for Transport and Safety Liaison from June 2020 until June 2024 2024 and as a member of the Northern Cape Provincial Legislature from May 2019 until May 2024. From May 2019 to June 2020, she served as the Northern Cape MEC for Land Reform, Agriculture and Nature Conservation and Environmental Affairs. Bloem is a member of the African National Congress.

Government of the Northern Cape
The Northern Cape province of South Africa is governed in a parliamentary system in which the people

elect the provincial legislature and the legislature, in turn, elects the Premier as head of the executive. The Premier leads an Executive Council consisting of members who oversee various executive departments. The structure of the provincial government is defined by chapter six of the Constitution of South Africa.
Tangmere
Tangmere is a village, civil parish, and electoral ward in the Chichester District of West Sussex, England. Located three miles (5 km) north east of Chichester, it is twinned with Hermanville-sur-Mer in Lower Normandy, France.

The parish has a land area of 467.3 hectares (1,154 acres). In the 2001 census 2,462 people lived in 963 households, of whom 1,233 were economically active. At the 2011 Census the population was 2,625.

Tangmere (ward)
Tangmere was an electoral ward of Chichester District, West Sussex,  England that returned one member to sit on Chichester District Council.

Following a district boundary review, it was merged into the new North Mundham and Tangmere ward in 2019.
Holding a Black Lives Matter Sign in America's Most Racist Town
36°12′43″N 93°04′31″W﻿ / ﻿36.211974°N 93.0752647°W﻿ / 36.211974; -93.0752647

"Holding a Black Lives Matter Sign in America's Most Racist Town" is a YouTube video by American filmmaker Rob Bliss, published on July 27, 2020. The video shows Bliss holding a sign reading "Black Lives Matter" in Harrison, Arkansas, a town that has been dubbed "America's Most Racist Town" for its connections to white pride riots and the nearby headquarters of the white supremacist terrorist hate group the Ku Klux Klan. During the video, white passersby drive by and shout racist obscenities.

"Holding a Black Lives Matter Sign in America's Most Racist Town" was filmed from July 9–11 in Harrison using a GoPro. The video was released during protests in the wake of the murder of George Floyd at the hands of Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin.

The video drew national media coverage. It drew criticism from Harrison officials, including Mayor Jerry Jackson.

White pride
White pride is an expression primarily used by white nationalist, neo-Nazi, and white supremacist organizations in order to signal racist or racialist viewpoints. It is also a slogan used by the prominent post–Ku Klux Klan group Stormfront and a term used to make racist/racialist viewpoints more palatable to the general public who may associate historical abuses with the terms white nationalist, neo-Nazi, and white supremacist. It is often used alongside the related term white power.