hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Verhoeff's stain
Verhoeff's stain, also known as Verhoeff's elastic stain (VEG) or Verhoeff–Van Gieson stain (VVG), is a staining protocol used in histology, developed by American ophthalmic surgeon and pathologist Frederick Herman Verhoeff (1874–1968) in 1908. The formulation is used to demonstrate normal or pathologic elastic fibers.

Verhoeff's stain forms a variety of cationic, anionic and non-ionic bonds with elastin, the main constituent of elastic fiber tissue. Elastin has a strong affinity for the iron-hematoxylin complex formed by the reagents in the stain and will hence retain dye longer than other tissue elements. This allows elastin to remain stained while the remaining tissue elements are decolorized. Sodium thiosulfate is used to remove excess iodine and a counterstain (most often Van Gieson's stain) is used to contrast the principal stain. Elastic fibers and cell nuclei are stained black, collagen fibers are stained red, and other tissue elements including cytoplasm are stained yellow.

Histology
Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy, microanatomy or histoanatomy, is the branch of biology that studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues. Histology is the microscopic counterpart to gross anatomy, which looks at larger structures visible without a microscope.

Historically, microscopic anatomy was divided into organology, the study of organs, histology, the study of tissues, and cytology, the study of cells, although modern usage places all of these topics under the field of histology. In medicine, histopathology is the branch of histology that includes the microscopic identification and study of diseased tissue. In the field of paleontology, the term paleohistology refers to the histology of fossil organisms.
Mummy Range
The Mummy Range (elevation approximately 13,000 ft) is a mountain range in the Rocky Mountains of northern Colorado in the United States. The range is a short subrange of the Front Range located in southwestern Larimer County northwest of the town of Estes Park. It is located largely within Rocky Mountain National Park, extending north from Trail Ridge Road approximately 15 mi (24 km). The Arapaho name is "nooku-bee3ei-no," which translates to "White Owls."

Prominent peaks in the range include Hagues Peak, Ypsilon Mountain, Mummy Mountain, and Mount Chiquita. These peaks are easily accessible via the Lawn Lake trail leading to "the Saddle" between Hagues Peak and Fairchild Mountain and, on the southwestern end, the Chapin Pass trail from the Fall River road. Some offer reasonably challenging technical routes but all can be ascended by steep hiking and mild scrambling after snow melt.

Fall River (Larimer County, Colorado)
The Fall River is a 17.1-mile-long (27.5 km) tributary of the Big Thompson River in Larimer County, Colorado.  The river's source is near the Alpine Visitor Center in Rocky Mountain National Park.  It flows down a canyon and over Chasm Falls before a confluence with the Big Thompson in Estes Park.
Independiente de Villa Obrera
Independiente de Villa Obrera is a football team from San Juan, Argentina.

Independiente used to play in the Torneo Argentino A (the third division of the Argentine football league system) although the team was relegated in 2002–03 after losing a play-off with Gimnasia y Esgrima de Mendoza.

Independiente de Oberá currently plays in the Liga Sanjuanina de fútbol.

Torneo Argentino A
The Torneo Argentino A (in English "Argentine A Tournament") was one of the two leagues that formed the regionalised third level of the  Argentine football league system. Clubs in the Torneo Argentino have indirect membership in AFA, while clubs in the Primera B Metropolitana (the other third division) have direct membership in AFA. All teams with indirect membership are from outside the city of Buenos Aires and its metropolitan area (Greater Buenos Aires), while most of the direct members are from the aforementioned area.
Kowloon Motor Bus
The Kowloon Motor Bus Company (1933) Limited (KMB) is a bus company operating franchised services in Hong Kong. It is the largest bus company in Hong Kong by fleet size and number of bus routes, with over 4,000 buses - mostly double deckers - and 420 routes. It is a subsidiary of Transport International.

Sai Kung District
Sai Kung District is one of the 18 districts of Hong Kong. The district comprises the southern half of the Sai Kung Peninsula, the Clear Water Bay Peninsula in the New Territories and a strip of land to the east of Kowloon. Areas in the district include Sai Kung Town, Hong Kong UNESCO Global Geopark, Tseung Kwan O and over 70 islands of different sizes. The administrative centre had been located in Sai Kung Town until the Sai Kung District Office was relocated to Tseung Kwan O recently. The district's population is concentrated in Tseung Kwan O, as of 2011. In 2011, the district was the third youngest district, with a median age of 39.3. Known as the "back garden of Hong Kong", Sai Kung has been able to retain its natural scenery. Many traditional customs and cultures are still retained in the rural villages.
2015 Guzzini Challenger
The 2015 Guzzini Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the thirteenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Recanati, Italy between 20 and 26 July 2015.

Flavio Cipolla
Flavio Cipolla (born 20 October 1983) is an Italian tennis coach and former professional player. His career-high Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) ranking was No. 70, achieved on 23 April 2012. His best major result was reaching the third round of the 2008 US Open.
Hoghton Road Stadium
Hoghton Road Stadium was a sports stadium on Hoghton Road, Sutton, a suburb of St. Helens (population approx 100,000), the administrative centre of the Metropolitan Borough of St Helens in Merseyside, England.

Sutton, St Helens
Sutton is an area of St Helens, in Merseyside, England, and a ward of the metropolitan borough of the same name. The population of the ward taken at the 2011 census was 12,003.

Historically within Lancashire, it is one of the four townships along with Eccleston, Parr and Windle that formed the municipal borough of St Helens in 1868.
Northern Army Group
The Northern Army Group (NORTHAG) was a NATO military formation comprising four Western European Army Corps, during the Cold War as part of NATO's forward defence in western Germany.

The Army Group headquarters was established on 1 November 1952 in Bad Oeynhausen, but was relocated in 1954 to Rheindahlen. The HQ complex near Mönchengladbach contained NORTHAG HQ and three other command posts: the headquarters of the Second Allied Tactical Air Force (2 ATAF), British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) and Royal Air Force Germany (RAFG).

Previously, 21st Army Group had been on the left flank of the Allied advance into Germany, and had advanced into the North German Plain. This may have been the reason that a four-corps sized formation - which would usually be considered an army - was given the title of 'Army group'.

21st Army Group
The 21st Army Group was a British headquarters formation formed during the Second World War. It controlled two field armies and other supporting units, consisting primarily of the British Second Army and the First Canadian Army. Established in London during July 1943, under the command of Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF), it was assigned to Operation Overlord, the Western Allied invasion of Europe, and was an important Allied force in the European Theatre. At various times during its existence, the 21st Army Group had additional British, Canadian, American, and Polish field armies or corps attached to it. The 21st Army Group operated in Northern France, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany from June 1944 until August 1945, when it was renamed the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR).
Edgar Phillips
Edgar Phillips (8 October 1889 – 30 August 1962), known by the bardic name "Trefin", was a Welsh poet and served as Archdruid of the National Eisteddfod of Wales from 1960 until his death.

Phillips took his bardic name from his birthplace, the village of Trefin in Pembrokeshire. He did not learn Welsh until his family moved to Cardiff when he was aged eleven. Whilst working as an apprentice tailor back in his native county, he mastered the art of cynghanedd. After running his own tailoring business in Cardiff, he joined the Royal Garrison Artillery during World War I, and was seriously wounded. In 1921, he took a teaching course at Caerleon, and taught at Pengam and Pontllanfraith. In 1933, he won the chair at the National Eisteddfod held in Wrexham.

His third wife, whom he married in 1951, was the travel writer Maxwell Fraser (real name Dorothy Phillips).

A memorial was erected within the chapel grounds of Rehoboth chapel.

Bardic name
A bardic name (Welsh: enw barddol, Cornish: hanow bardhek, Breton: anv ur barzh) is a pseudonym used by poets and other artists in the Brythonic cultures of Wales, Cornwall and Brittany.

In Wales, it is also associated with the National Eisteddfod, with new members of the Gorsedd assuming a bardic name when being admitted.
Nurocyon
Nurocyon is an extinct member of the dog family (Canidae) from the Pliocene of Mongolia. Nurocyon chonokhariensis is the only species in the genus.  The teeth of Nurocyon show adaptations to an omnivorous diet, comparable to the living raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides). The overall structure of the skull is similar to the more primitive Eucyon.

Nyctereutes
Nyctereutes (Ancient Greek: νύξ, νυκτ- [nýx, nykt-] 'night' + ἐρέυτης [eréutēs] 'wanderer') is a genus of Asian canid with two extant species, the raccoon dogs: the common raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and the Japanese raccoon dog (Nyctereutes viverrinus). Nyctereutes entered the fossil record 5.5 million years ago (Mya) in northern China. It was one of the earliest canines in the Old World. All but two species became extinct before the end of the Pleistocene. A study suggests that the evolution of Nyctereutes was influenced by environmental and climatic changes, such as the expansion and contraction of forests and the fluctuations of temperature and precipitation.
Transport in Cape Verde
Most transportation in Cape Verde is done by air. There are regular flights between the major islands (Santiago, Sal and São Vicente), with less frequent flights to the other islands. Boat transportation is available, though not widely used nor dependable. In the major cities, public bus transport runs periodically, and taxis are common. In smaller towns, there are mostly hiaces and/or taxis.

Mindelo
Mindelo is a port city in the northern part of the island of São Vicente in Cape Verde. Mindelo is also the seat of the parish of Nossa Senhora da Luz, and the municipality of São Vicente. The city is home to 93% of the entire island's population and is Cape Verde's second most populous city and largest city in Barlavento Islands. Mindelo is also considered the cultural capital of Cape Verde, known for its colourful and animated carnival celebrations, with roots in Portuguese traditions later influenced by the Brazilian culture.
As I Love You
"As I Love You" is a 1958 hit song by Shirley Bassey with Wally Stott & His Orchestra, written by Jay Livingston and Ray Evans for the Universal International motion picture, The Big Beat (1958).

From 20 February 1959, it was number one on the UK Singles Chart for four weeks.

Jay Livingston
Jay Livingston (born Jacob Harold Levison; March 28, 1915 – October 17, 2001) was an American composer best known as half of a composing-songwriting duo with Ray Evans, with whom he specialized in composing film scores and original soundtrack songs. Livingston composed the music while Evans wrote the lyrics.
1923 Newfoundland general election
The 1923 Newfoundland general election was held on 3 May 1923 to elect members of the 25th General Assembly of Newfoundland in the Dominion of Newfoundland. The Liberal Reform Party, an alliance between the Liberals led by Richard Squires and the Fishermen's Protective Union of William Coaker, were re-elected. The Liberal-Labour-Progressive party, led by John R. Bennett, formed the opposition. Squires was forced to resign as Prime Minister just two months later in July 1923 after allegations of corruption were brought forward. William Warren became Liberal Reform Party leader and Prime Minister. After Warren's government was defeated following a motion of no confidence, Albert Hickman was asked to form a government and Warren joined William J. Higgins to form the new Liberal-Conservative Progressive Party.

Richard Squires
Sir Richard Anderson Squires KCMG (January 18, 1880 – March 26, 1940) was the Prime Minister of Newfoundland from 1919 to 1923 and from 1928 to 1932.

As prime minister, Squires attempted to reform Newfoundland's fishing industry, but failed at doing so. He also attempted to diversify Newfoundland's economy. However, his two tenures as prime minister were both marred by serious corruption. He lost the position in 1923 after an arrest for bribery. In 1932, he narrowly escaped a riot, which forced him from power, and temporarily ended democracy in Newfoundland.

While Squires retired after the riot, he continued to campaign against rule by the British Crown under the Commission of Government. He died in 1940, at the age of 60.
Lake Flagstaff
Lake Flagstaff, sometimes referred to as Flagstaff Lake  is an ephemeral salt lake located in the Great Southern region of Western Australia, approximately 21 km (13 mi) north west of Woodanilling and 28 km (17 mi) south west of Wagin.

Wagin, Western Australia
Wagin /ˈweɪdʒɪn/ is a town and shire in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia, approximately 225 km (140 mi) south-east of Perth on the Great Southern Highway between Narrogin and Katanning. It is also on State Route 107. The main industries are wheat and sheep farming.
Anniversary Anyway
Anniversary Anyway (Korean: 어쨌든 기념일) is a South Korean web series starring Hongseok, Nayun, Gyujin, Minseo, Jaesuk Lee and Park Ji-ye, the series aired on Naver V (V Live) at 7:00 PM every Tuesday and Friday on May 5 to July 5, 2019.

Naver
Naver (Korean: 네이버; stylized as NAVER) is a South Korean online platform operated by the Naver Corporation. The company's products include a search engine, email hosting, blogs, maps, and mobile payment.
Šourek
Šourek (feminine Šourková) is a Czech surname meaning scrotum. Notable people include:

Antonín Václav Šourek (1857–1926), Czech mathematician

František Šourek-Tuček, Czech fencer

Jan Šourek, Czech rower

Jaroslav Šourek (athlete), Czech athlete

Ondřej Šourek, Czech footballer

Scrotum
In most terrestrial mammals, the scrotum (pl.: scrotums or scrota; possibly from Latin scortum, meaning "hide" or "skin") or scrotal sac is a part of the external male genitalia located at the base of the penis. It consists of a sac of skin containing the external spermatic fascia, testicles, epididymides, and vasa deferentia. The scrotum will usually tighten when exposed to cold temperatures.

The scrotum is homologous to the labia majora in females.
Carl Wilhelm Erich Zimmer
Carl Wilhelm Erich Zimmer (Sondershausen, 29 September 1873 – Hüll bei Wolnzach, 8 November 1950) was a German zoologist specialising in crustaceans, especially the order Cumacea.

He studied zoology at the universities of Strasbourg, Munich and Breslau, receiving his doctorate in 1897. In 1912, he was appointed second director at the Zoological State Collection of Munich, whereas in 1917, he became the director. From 1924 to 1937, he was a full professor and director of the zoological museum in Berlin.

The crustacean genus Zimmeriana (Hale, 1946; family Gynodiastylidae) commemorates his name, as do species with the epithet of zimmeri, including three species of frogs (Arthroleptis zimmeri, Oreophryne zimmeri, and Pseudophilautus zimmeri) and a species of lizard (Sphenomorphus zimmeri). He is the taxonomic authority for the krill species Euphausia hanseni.

Bavarian State Collection of Zoology
The Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (German: Zoologische Staatssammlung München) or ZSM is a major German research institution for zoological systematics in Munich. It has over 20 million zoological specimens. It is one of the largest natural history collections in the world. The sections are Entomology, Invertebrates and Vertebrates. The history of the museum is outlined on the museum's home page together with a biography of Johann Baptist von Spix the first curator of zoology.
Palo Duro
Palo Duro can refer to:

Palo Duro Canyon, a canyon system in Texas, U.S.

Palo Duro Creek, a river in Texas, U.S.

Palo Duro High School, a high school in the Amarillo Independent School District, Texas, U.S.

Palo Duro Records, a U.S. record label

Palo Duro High School
Palo Duro High School is a school located in the city of Amarillo, Texas, United States, and is one of four high schools in the Amarillo Independent School District. As of the 2016–17 school year, it has 2,075 students.

The school was named after Palo Duro Canyon, a canyon system in the Texas Panhandle.

Classified as a 5A school by the UIL. In 2015, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency.
2002 LPGA Championship
The 2002 LPGA Championship was the 48th LPGA Championship, played June 6–9 at DuPont Country Club in Wilmington, Delaware.

Se Ri Pak, age 24, won the second of her three LPGA Championships, three strokes ahead of runner-up Beth Daniel, the 54-hole leader and champion in 1990. It was the fourth of Pak's five major titles; at the time, she was the youngest woman to win four major titles. Daniel, age 45, was attempting to become the oldest winner of a major in LPGA history, but carded a final round 77.

Annika Sörenstam shot 65 to climb up the leaderboard into third; she won the next three editions of this championship.

The DuPont Country Club hosted the LPGA Championship for eleven consecutive seasons, from 1994 through 2004.

Women's major golf championships
Women's golf has a set of major championships, a series of tournaments designated to be of a higher status than other tournaments. Five tournaments are currently designated as 'majors' in women's golf by the LPGA.

The LPGA's list of majors has changed in constitution since the first major was held at the Women's Western Open in 1930. There have been four different periods, 1930 to 1972, 1973 to 2000, 2001 to 2013, and the current version which began in 2014. The current version of tournaments is the Chevron Championship, The Evian Championship, U.S. Women's Open, Women's PGA Championship, The Women's Open.
Peshawar Morr Interchange
Peshawar Morr Interchange (also known as G-9 interchange) is Pakistan's biggest interchange in Islamabad, Pakistan. It is located at the intersection of Srinagar Highway and Ninth Avenue, connecting the G and H sectors of Islamabad.

Peshawar Morr Interchange eased traffic congestion on two main highways of the capital city i.e. Srinagar Highway and Ninth Avenue. It facilitates traffic to the Islamabad International Airport,  Lahore–Islamabad Motorway and Islamabad–Peshawar Motorway.

The total length of the overhead, underground and ramp roads of the interchange is approximately 14 km and it features eight flyovers.

The construction of the interchange started in May 2014 along with the construction of Rawalpindi-Islamabad Metrobus, but took longer to complete than anticipated. It costed almost Rs. 6 billion (60 million USD) and was completed by March 2016.

Sectors of Islamabad
Sectors of Islamabad are administrative divisions of Zone I and Zone II of the Islamabad Capital Territory region. The capital territory is divided into 5 zones, of which Zone I and Zone II have been designated urban development zones.
Arrondissement of Châteaubriant-Ancenis
The arrondissement of Châteaubriant-Ancenis is an arrondissement of France in the Loire-Atlantique department in the Pays de la Loire region. It has 76 communes. Its population is 231,576 (2021), and its area is 3,157.4 km2 (1,219.1 sq mi).

Arrondissements of France
An arrondissement (English: /əˈrɒndɪsmənt/, French: [aʁɔ̃dismɑ̃] ⓘ) is the third level of administrative division in France generally corresponding to the territory overseen by a subprefect. As of 2023, the 101 French departments are divided into 333 arrondissements (including 13 overseas).

The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture. When an arrondissement contains the prefecture (capital) of the department, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The term arrondissement can be roughly translated into English as district.

Some municipalities in Quebec are divided into arrondissements, reflecting the province’s historical link to New France.
Paris quartets
The Paris quartets is a collective designation for two sets of Chamber music compositions, each consisting of six works for flute, violin, viola da gamba (or cello), and continuo, by Georg Philipp Telemann, first published in 1730 and 1738, respectively. Telemann called his two collections Quadri and Nouveaux Quatuors. The collective designation "Paris quartets" was only first bestowed upon them in the second half of the twentieth century by the editors of the Telemann Musikalische Werke, because of their association with Telemann's celebrity visit to Paris in 1737–38. They bear the numbers 43:D1, 43:D3, 43:e1, 43:e4, 43:G1, 43:G4, 43:g1, 43:A1, 43:A3, 43:a2, 43:h1, 43:h2 in the TWV (catalog of Telemann's works).

Figured bass
Figured bass is musical notation in which numerals and symbols appear above or below (or next to) a bass note. The numerals and symbols (often accidentals) indicate intervals, chords, and non-chord tones that a musician playing piano, harpsichord, organ, or lute (or other instruments capable of playing chords) should play in relation to the bass note. Figured bass is closely associated with basso continuo: a historically improvised accompaniment used in almost all genres of music in the Baroque period of Classical music (c. 1600–1750), though rarely in modern music. Figured bass is also known as thoroughbass.

Other systems for denoting or representing chords include plain staff notation, used in classical music; Roman numerals, commonly used in harmonic analysis; chord letters, sometimes used in modern musicology; the Nashville Number System; and various chord names and symbols used in jazz and popular music (e.g., C Major or simply C; D minor, Dm, or D−; G7, etc.).
Tony Hemmerling
Anthony Elmer Charles Hemmerling (May 15, 1914 — May 23, 1983) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played 24 games in the National Hockey League with the New York Americans between 1936 and 1937. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1929 to 1947, was spent in various minor leagues. Hemmerling was born in Landis, Saskatchewan.

New York Americans
The New York Americans, colloquially known as the Amerks, were a professional ice hockey team based in New York City from 1925 to 1942. They were the third expansion team in the history of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the second to play in the United States. The team never won the Stanley Cup, but reached the semifinals twice. While it was the first team in New York City, it was eclipsed by the second, the New York Rangers, which arrived in 1926 under the ownership of the Amerks' landlord, Madison Square Garden. The team played as the Brooklyn Americans during the 1941–42 season before suspending operations in 1942 due to World War II and long-standing financial difficulties. The demise of the club marked the beginning of the NHL's Original Six era from 1942 to 1967, though the Amerks' franchise was not formally canceled until 1946. The team's overall regular season record was 255–402–127.