hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zack (surname)
Zack is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alma Zack (born 1970), Israeli actress

Arnold M. Zack (born 1931), American arbitrator and mediator of labor management disputes

Darren Zack (born 1960), Canadian Ojibwa softball player

Eddie Zack (1922–2002), American country music singer, guitarist and songwriter

Léon Zack (1892–1980), Russian-born French painter and sculptor

Joseph Zack (1898–1963), Austrian-born American communist and anti-communist

Maya Zack (born 1976), Israeli artist and filmmaker

Naomi Zack, professor of philosophy at the University of Oregon

Raymond Zack (c. 1958–2011), a man who died while police and firefighters did nothing to save him

Sally Zack (born 1962), American road cyclist

Stephen Zack (born 1992), American basketball player

Léon Zack
Léon Zack (1892–1980), also known as Lev Vasilyevich Zak (Russian: Лев Васильевич Зак), was a Russian-born French figurative and later abstract painter and sculptor. He has been described as a School of Paris painter.
Carl R. Sovinec
Carl Richard Sovinec is an American physicist from the University of Wisconsin, Madison.

Sovinec is the son of Dr. Richard and Cathleen Sovinec and a 1981 graduate of Winona Senior High School in Winona, Minnesota. He attended the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, Colorado. He was awarded the status of Fellow in the American Physical Society, after they were nominated by their Division of Plasma Physics  in 2009, for using large scale magnetohydrodynamic simulation to elucidate the roles of reconnection, relaxation and transport in self-organization processes of low field magnetic confinement devices and for providing a primary scientific leadership role in the development of the NIMROD project.

Winona, Minnesota
Winona (/wɪnˈoʊnə/ win-OH-nə) is a city in and the county seat of Winona County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 25,948 at the 2020 census.  Located in bluff country, otherwise known as the Driftless Area on the Mississippi River, its most noticeable physical landmark is Sugar Loaf. Winona is known as the home of Winona State University, Saint Mary's University of Minnesota, and the Minnesota Marine Art Museum.
View Point
View Point (63°33′S 57°22′W﻿ / ﻿63.550°S 57.367°W﻿ / -63.550; -57.367) is 150m long eastern tip of a promontory, on Antarctica, forming the west side of the entrance to Duse Bay on the south coast of Trinity Peninsula, on the northern portion of the Antarctic Peninsula. Situated 6.79 km east of Skomlya Hill and 6.45 km southeast of Boil Point. Discovered by a party under J. Gunnar Andersson of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition, 1901-04. So named by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) following their survey of the area in 1945 because from this promontory, good panoramic photographs were obtained.

Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition
The Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE) was an aerial survey of the Falkland Islands Dependencies and the Antarctic Peninsula which took place in the 1955–56 and 1956–57 southern summers.

Funded by the Colonial Office and organized by Peter Mott, the survey was carried out by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd.  The expedition was based at Deception Island and utilized the Oluf Sven, two Canso flying-boats, and several helicopters.

The photographic collection, held by the British Antarctic Survey as the United Kingdom Antarctic Mapping Centre, comprises about 12,800 frames taken on 26,700 kilometers of ground track.
The Christmas Album (Neil Diamond album)
The Christmas Album is the twentieth studio album by Neil Diamond and his first to feature Christmas music. It features orchestral and choir arrangements by David Campbell. The album reached No. 8 on the Billboard 200 album sales chart, No. 50 on the UK album sales chart, and No. 30 on Australian music chart.

In his review music critic Johnny Loftus states, "While Neil Diamond's The Christmas Album is designed almost exclusively for his adult contemporary constituency, the vocalist still manages to light up most of the obviousness of these standards with his trademark gritty soul and flair for inflection."

On August 7, 2001, The Christmas Album was certified Double Platinum by the RIAA for shipment of two million copies in the United States since its 1992 release. By November 2014, it was the twenty-fifth best-selling Christmas/holiday album in the United States of the SoundScan era of music sales tracking (March 1991–present), having sold 1,910,000 copies according to SoundScan.

Kent Music Report
The Kent Music Report was a weekly record chart of Australian music singles and albums which was compiled by music historian David Kent from May 1974 through to January 1999. The chart was re-branded the Australian Music Report (AMR) in July 1987. From June 1988, the Australian Recording Industry Association, which had been using the top 50 portion of the report under licence since mid-1983, chose to produce their own listing as the ARIA Charts.

Before the Kent Report, Go-Set magazine published weekly Top 40 Singles from 1966, and albums chart from 1970 until the magazine's demise in August 1974.

David Kent later published Australian charts from 1940 to 1973 in a retrospective fashion, using state by state chart data obtained from various Australian radio stations.
Knoebels Amusement Resort
Knoebels Amusement Resort (/kəˈnoʊbəlz/) is a family-owned and operated amusement park, picnic grove, and campground in Elysburg, Pennsylvania. Opened in 1926, it is the United States's largest free-admission park. The park has more than 60 rides including three wooden roller coasters, three steel roller coasters, a 1913 carousel, and two haunted house dark rides.

The amusement park is owned and operated by the Knoebel (pronounced kuh-NO-bel) family. The park's name has traditionally been spelled "Knoebels" without the apostrophe and appears that way on all official park advertising and correspondence.

The park and its rides have won awards from organizations such as Amusement Today, American Coaster Enthusiasts (ACE), and the International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions. In 2014, Travel Channel rated Knoebels one of their Top 10 Family Friendly Amusement Parks in the United States.

Travel Channel
Travel Channel (stylized as Trvl Channel since 2018) is an American pay television channel owned by Warner Bros. Discovery, who previously owned the channel from 1997 to 2007. The channel is headquartered in Manhattan, with offices in Silver Spring, Maryland, and Knoxville, Tennessee.

Travel Channel features documentaries, reality, and how-to shows related to travel and leisure around the United States and throughout the world. Programming has included shows on African animal safaris, tours of grand hotels and resorts, visits to significant cities and towns around the world, programming about various foods around the world, and programming about ghosts and the paranormal in notable buildings.

As of November 2023, Travel Channel is available to approximately 67,000,000 pay television households in the United States-down from its 2011 peak of 96,000,000 households.
2019–20 UAE Division 2
2019–20 UAE Division two was the first UAE Division two season. The competition was created to create more clubs and increase the number of players in UAE. The season will feature 10 teams, 4 from Abu Dhabi, 4 from Dubai and 1 from Ras Al Khaimah and Ajman respectively. The season was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates.

COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates
The COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first confirmed case in the United Arab Emirates was announced on 29 January 2020. It was the first country in the Middle East to report a confirmed case.

The first patient, a 73-year-old Chinese woman, was released on 9 February after recovering. The first two deaths were confirmed on 20 March. On 22 March, Dubai started an 11-day sterilisation campaign as an effort to contain COVID-19. Night curfew was imposed four days later while the country began disinfection. School closure was first announced on 8 March for four weeks. Three weeks later, it was announced that schools will be closed until the end of the academic year.
The British Way and Purpose
The British Way and Purpose was an educational programme set up by the British Directorate of Army Education within the British Army in the autumn of 1942. The series of accompanying pamphlets were subsequently collated into an eponymous book published in 1944. The educationalist Robert L. Marshall was the general editor of the series. The booklets were also used by the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force.

There were a variety of contributors including Denis Brogan on the United States, Barbara Ward on citizenship and Hilary Marquand on people at work.

Barbara Ward, Baroness Jackson of Lodsworth
Barbara Mary Ward, Baroness Jackson of Lodsworth, DBE (23 May 1914 – 31 May 1981) was a British economist and writer interested in the problems of developing countries. She urged Western governments to share their prosperity with the rest of the world and in the 1960s turned her attention to environmental questions as well. She was an early advocate of sustainable development before this term became familiar and was well known as a journalist, lecturer and broadcaster. Ward was adviser to policymakers in the UK, United States and elsewhere. She was the founder of the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED).
Scrattons Eco Park
Scrattons Eco Park or Scrattons Farm Eco Park is a small nature reserve in Dagenham in the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham. It is owned and managed by the council. It was formerly marshland and allotments, but by the late 1990s the former allotments had become overgrown and inaccessible, and it was decided to convert it into an ecological park. It now has blocks of bramble with grass paths, preserving existing trees and shrubs. The aim is to create a range of habitats for plants, birds, insects and mammals.

In 2006 Scrattons Ecopark and extension was designated a local nature reserve with an area of two hectares. The entrance to the park is by a footpath at the end of Morrison Road. There is no public access to the extension off Levine Gardens.

51°31′44″N 0°08′06″E﻿ / ﻿51.529°N 0.135°E﻿ / 51.529; 0.135

Local nature reserve
Local nature reserve (LNR) is a statutory designation for certain nature reserves in Great Britain. The Wild Life Conservation Special Committee established them and proposed a national suite of protected areas comprising national nature reserves, conservation areas (which incorporated suggestions for Sites of Special Scientific Interest), national parks, geological monuments, local nature reserves and local educational nature reserves.

There are now over 1,280 LNRs in England, covering almost 40,000 hectares, which range from windswept coastal headlands and ancient woodlands to former inner city railways and long abandoned landfill sites.
Huangqiao sesame cake
Huangqiao sesame cake (simplified Chinese: 黄桥烧饼; traditional Chinese: 黃橋燒餅; pinyin: Huángqiáo shāobǐng) is a sesame seed cake that originated from Huangqiao town in Taixing, Jiangsu. It has been speculated to be one of the oldest cakes in the Taizhou region of China.

Taixing
Taixing (simplified Chinese: 泰兴; traditional Chinese: 泰興; pinyin: Tàixīng) is a county-level city under the administration of Taizhou, Jiangsu province, China. It is located in the Yangtze River Delta, bordering the prefecture-level cities of Nantong to the east, Changzhou to the southwest, and Zhenjiang to the west.
Kaalong language
Kaaloŋ (Kàlòng) also known as Dimbong (Mboŋ), is a nearly extinct Bantu language from the Center Province of Southern Cameroon.

Many Kaalong speakers have shifted to the similar yet arguably distinct Bafia language.

Pey (Rɨpeʔ) may be a dialect, in which case the language might not be close to extinction.

Centre Region (Cameroon)
The Centre Region (French: région du Centre) occupies 69,000 km2 of the central plains of the Republic of Cameroon. It is bordered to the north by the Adamawa Region, to the south by the South Region, to the east by the East Region, and to the West by the Littoral and West Regions. It is the second largest (after East Region) of Cameroon's regions in land area. Major ethnic groups include the Bassa, Ewondo, and Vute.

Yaoundé, capital of Cameroon, is at the heart of the Centre, drawing people from the rest of the country to live and work there. The Centre's towns are also important industrial centres, especially for timber. Agriculture is another important economic factor, especially with regard to the province's most important cash crop, cocoa. Outside of the capital and the plantation zones, most inhabitants are sustenance farmers.
Indonesia at the Asian Youth Games 2013
Indonesia competed at the 2013 Asian Youth Games in Nanjing, China, from 16 - 24 August 2013. This is Indonesia's second appearance in the competition since the 2009 edition. The Indonesian contingent for this year's games consists of 103 athletes from several sports.The Indonesian team won one gold, two silver and two bronze medals.

2013 Asian Youth Games
The 2013 Asian Youth Games or AYG 2013 (Chinese: 2013年亚洲青年运动会; pinyin: Èr Líng yī sān Nián Yàzhōu Qīngnián Yùndònghuì), officially the 2nd Asian Youth Games (Chinese: 第二届亚洲青年运动会; pinyin: Dìèr Jiè Yàzhōu Qīngnián Yùndònghuì) and commonly as Nanjing 2013 (Chinese: 南京2013; pinyin: Nánjīng Èr Líng yī sān), were held in Nanjing, China from August 16–24, 2013. Like the inaugural edition, the games acted as dress-rehearsal for the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics, which were also held in the same city.
Palazzo Cutò
Palazzo Cutò or Palazzo Aragona di Cutò is one of the large villas built in the early eighteenth century in Bagheria in the Province of Palermo near the ancient Via Consolare. Today it is located near the city's railway station.

Province of Palermo
The province of Palermo (Italian: provincia di Palermo; Sicilian: pruvincia di Palermu) was a province in the autonomous region of Sicily, a major island in Southern Italy. Its capital was the city of Palermo. On 4 August 2015, it was replaced by the Metropolitan City of Palermo.
35th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)
The 35th Lika Assault Division (Tridesetpeta lička udarna divizija) was a Yugoslav Partisan division formed on 30 January 1944. It was formed from the 1st and 2nd Lika Brigades of Operational Staff for Lika. Lika Partisan Detachment, Plavi Jadran Battalion and an Artillery divizion were also part of the division upon formation, at the time it had 2,262 fighters. It was part of thee 11th Corps and it operated in territory controlled by Independent State of Croatia.

Divizion
A divizion (dywizjon) (a word in several European languages, mostly Slavic) is a military unit in some armed branches, usually artillery and cavalry, being an equivalent of battalion. It should be distinguished from division, which is a larger formation. The same word is used in some of these languages for a group of naval vessels (a division in naval usage).
Education in Oman
Education in Oman is provided free of charge up to  end of secondary education, though attendance is not mandatory at any level. In 1970 there were only three formal schools with 900 students in the whole state. Oman's national educational programme expanded rapidly during the 1970s and the 1980s, with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia sending teachers on its own expense during that time period. In 2006–2007 about 560,000 students attended 1053 public schools. The number of students in private schools is about 65,000. There are also extensive programmes to combat adult illiteracy. Sultan Qaboos University, the only national university near Muscat, was founded in 1986, and in 2006 it had 13,500 students. The Human Development Report found the literacy rate to be 93.0% in adults, up from 54.7% in 1990.  For the same period, the youth literacy rate increased from 85.6 to 97.3%. Public expenditure on education was reported to be 4.6% of GDP and 26.1% of total government spending.

Salalah
Salalah (Arabic: صَلَالَة, romanized: Ṣalālah) is the capital and largest city of the southern Omani governorate of Dhofar. It has a population close to 331,949.

Salalah is the third-largest city in the Sultanate of Oman, and the largest city in the Dhofar province. Salalah is the birthplace of former Omani Sultan Qaboos bin Said. Salalah attracts many tourists from other parts of Oman and from abroad during the monsoon/khareef season, from June to September. The climate of the region and the monsoon allow the city to grow some vegetables and fruits like coconut and bananas. There are many gardens within the city where these vegetables and fruits grow.
Terry Braunstein (artist)
Terry Braunstein (née Malikin; born 1942) is a photomontage artist based in Long Beach, California. Her work has used multiple media – photography, installation, assemblage, painting, printmaking, video, sculpture and large permanent public art. She also creates artists' books (more than 90, between 1972 and 2016) – some published, most one-of-a-kind artists' books.

Braunstein's art references the style and form of artists Hannah Höch, Max Ernst, Joseph Cornell, László Moholy-Nagy, and Alexander Rodchenko.

In 2024, Braunstein donated most of her life's work to the University of Michigan Museum of Art (UMMA).

Photomontage
Photomontage is the process and the result of making a composite photograph by cutting, gluing, rearranging and overlapping two or more photographs into a new image. Sometimes the resulting composite image is photographed so that the final image may appear as a seamless physical print. A similar method, although one that does not use film, is realized today through image-editing software. This latter technique is referred to by professionals as "compositing", and in casual usage is often called "photoshopping" (from the name of the popular software system). A composite of related photographs to extend a view of a single scene or subject would not be labeled as a montage, but instead a stitched image or a digital image mosaic.
Paul Fitzgibbon
Joseph Paul Fitzgibbon (March 21, 1903 – March 12, 1975) was an American professional football player who was a wide receiver for six seasons for the Duluth Eskimos, Frankford Yellow Jackets, Chicago Cardinals, and Green Bay Packers.  Following his football career Paul Fitzgibbon became a neurologist and later one of the seven founding members of the Permanente Medical Group, now Kaiser Permanente.

Frankford Yellow Jackets
The Frankford Yellow Jackets (sometimes called Frankford Yellowjackets) were a professional American football team, part of the National Football League from 1924 to 1931, although its origin dates back to as early as 1899 with the Frankford Athletic Association. The Yellow Jackets won the NFL championship in 1926. The team played its home games from 1923 in Frankford Stadium (also called Yellow Jacket Field) in Frankford, Philadelphia, a neighborhood in the northeast of Philadelphia, noted for the Market–Frankford Line that terminates there.
Inuit phonology
This article discusses the phonology of the Inuit languages. Unless otherwise noted, statements refer to Inuktitut dialects of Canada.

Most Inuit varieties have fifteen consonants and three vowel qualities (with phonemic length distinctions for each). Although Inupiatun and Qawiaraq have retroflex consonants, retroflexes have otherwise disappeared in all the Canadian and Greenlandic dialects.

Natsilingmiutut
Natchilingmiutut (ᓇᑦᕠᓕᖕᒥᐅᑐᑦ), Netsilik /ˌnɛtˈsɪlɪk/, Natsilik, Nattilik, Netsilingmiut, Natsilingmiutut, Nattilingmiutut, or Nattiliŋmiutut is an Inuit language variety spoken in western Nunavut, Canada, by Netsilik Inuit.

Natchilingmiutut (ᓇᑦᕠᓕᖕᒥᐅᑐᑦ 'people from Natchilik') came from natsik 'seal' + postbase -lik 'place with something' + postbase -miut 'inhabitants of'.
F1NN5TER
F1NN5TER, (born 21 April 2000), is an English Internet personality known for long-term cross-dressing. A Twitch streamer, TikToker, YouTuber, and OnlyFans model, he began cross-dressing as a campaign in which he would dress as his e-girl persona Rose for a month if he received a certain amount of money in donations. He gained broader attention in 2023 when Twitch temporarily banned him for allegedly violating a policy usually applied only to women. Later in 2023, he donated $50,000 to the transgender medical care provider GenderGP together with a friend. In March 2024, he came out as genderfluid (preferring he/him) and shared that he had started feminising hormone replacement therapy, saying that after cross-dressing "It felt a bit like I'd uncovered a part of myself that I had been purposely shutting down for as long as I could remember, and never questioned why."

Tweet (social media)
A tweet  is a short status update on X (formerly known as Twitter) which can include images, videos, GIFs, straw polls, hashtags, mentions, and hyperlinks. Around 80% of all tweets are made by 10% of users, averaging 138 tweets per month, with the median user making only two tweets per month.

Following the acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk in October 2022, and rebranding of the platform as X in July 2023, all references to the word "tweet" were removed from the service, changed to a straightforward "post", and "retweet" changed to "repost"; the terms "tweet" and "retweet" are still more popular when referring to posts on X, however.
United States ship naming conventions
United States ship naming conventions for the U.S. Navy were established by congressional action at least as early as 1862. Title 13, section 1531, of the U.S. Code, enacted in that year, reads, in part,

The vessels of the Navy shall be named by the Secretary of the Navy under direction of the President according to the following rule:
Sailing-vessels of the first class shall be named after the States of the Union, those of the second class after the rivers, those of the third class after the principal cities and towns and those of the fourth class as the President may direct.

Further clarification was made by executive order of President Theodore Roosevelt in 1907. However, elements had existed since before his time. If a ship is reclassified, for example a destroyer is converted to a mine layer, it retains its original name.

United States Code
The United States Code, formally The Code of Laws of the United States of America, is the official codification of the general and permanent federal statutes of the United States. It contains 53 titles organized into numbered sections.

The U.S. Code is published by the U.S. House of Representatives' Office of the Law Revision Counsel. New editions are published every six years, with cumulative supplements issued each year. The official version of these laws appears in the United States Statutes at Large, a chronological, uncodified compilation.
Ernest Sharpe
Christianity portal

Ernest Newton Sharpe (1866 – January 1949) was an eminent Anglican Priest in the 20th century.

He was born into an ecclesiastical family  in 1866 and educated at Westminster and Clare College, Cambridge. Ordained in 1890, he began his career  with a curacy at Bath Abbey. Following this he was Vicar of Emanuel Church, West Hampstead  then Rector of Kersal. After this he was Rector of Holy Trinity, Marylebone, then vicar of St James's Church, Paddington. A Prebendary then Canon of St Paul's Cathedral, he was Archdeacon of London from 1930 to 1947. He died on 20 January 1949.

Clare College, Cambridge
Clare College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. The college was founded in 1326 as University Hall, making it the second-oldest surviving college of the University after Peterhouse. It was refounded in 1338 as Clare Hall by an endowment from Elizabeth de Clare, and took on its current name in 1856. Clare is famous for its chapel choir and for its gardens on the Backs (the rear of the colleges that overlook the River Cam). It is a registered charity.