hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dick Moss
Richard Myron Moss (July 30, 1931 – September 21, 2024) was an American labor lawyer. He argued the 1975 case involving pitchers Dave McNally and Andy Messersmith which led to the Seitz decision. The decision, which got rid of the reserve clause that bound players to teams unless their contracts expired or they were traded or released, led to free agency in baseball.

Reserve clause
The reserve clause, in North American professional sports, was part of a player contract which stated that the rights to players were retained by the team upon the contract's expiration. Players under these contracts were not free to enter into another contract with another team. Once signed to a contract, players could, at the team's discretion, be reassigned, traded, sold, or released.

The only negotiating leverage of most players was to hold out at contract time and to refuse to play unless their conditions were met. Players were bound to negotiate a new contract to play another year for the same team or to ask to be released or traded. They had no freedom to change teams unless they were given an unconditional release. In the days of the reserve clause, that was the only way a player could be a free agent.

Once common in sports, the clause was abolished in baseball in 1975. The reserve clause system has, for the most part, been replaced by free agency.
Gallic Alps
The Gallic Alps (Latin: Alpibus Gallicanis) were an ancient cultural region located in the Alps and populated mainly by Gauls. The term Celtic Alps is also found in ancient Greek texts.

The Romans distinguished the following chains in the Alps: Alpes Maritimae (Maritime Alps), Alpes Cottiae (Cottian Alps), Alpes Graiae (Graian Alps), Alpes Poeninae (Pennine Alps), Alpes Raeticae (Rhaetian Alps), Alpes Noricae (Noric Alps), Alpes Carnicae (Carnic Alps), and Alpes Venetae (Venetian Prealps). They also gave the name of Alpes to the Austrian (Austrian Central Alps) and Dalmatian mountains (Dinaric Alps).

Noric Alps
The Noric Alps (German: Norische Alpen) is a collective term denoting various mountain ranges of the Eastern Alps. The name derives from the ancient Noricum province of the Roman Empire on the territory of present-day Austria and the adjacent Bavarian and Slovenian area.
Frederick Wilkerson Waugh
Frederick Wilkerson Waugh (1872 – 1924) was an amateur Canadian ethnologist and natural historian who worked with the Geological Survey of Canada, and with a range of Haudenosaunee (Six Nations) communities and nations, including the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Seneca, and Tuscarora, as well as with Ojibwe communities, and in Labrador with the Naskapi, Innu, and Inuit communities. Largely self-taught, Waugh bridged the gap between amateur and professional anthropology during a period of significant transition in the discipline.

Ethnology
Ethnology (from the Ancient Greek: ἔθνος, ethnos meaning 'nation') is an academic field and discipline that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them (compare cultural, social, or sociocultural anthropology).
Stringmusic
Stringmusic is a musical composition for string orchestra by the American composer Morton Gould.  It was commissioned by the National Symphony Orchestra and was premiered at the Kennedy Center by the NSO on March 10, 1994.  The piece is dedicated to the conductor Mstislav Rostropovich upon his leave.

Unanimously recommended by the jury, Stringmusic was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Music in 1995.

"A large-scale suite, or serenade, for string orchestra, comprising five movements[:]" "Prelude", "Tango", "Dirge", "Ballad", "Strum".

Serenade
In music, a serenade (/ˌsɛrəˈneɪd/; also sometimes called a serenata, from the Italian) is a musical composition or performance delivered in honour of someone or something. Serenades are typically calm, light pieces of music. The term comes from the Italian word serenata, which itself derives from the Latin serenus. Sense influenced by Italian sera "evening", from Latin sera, fem. of serus "late".
EIM Group
EIM Group (Egyptian International Motors), established in 1979 is one of Egypt’s largest privately owned entities. EIM is the main business arm in the automotive industry of its parent company Alkan Group. EIM Group operates in several sectors, which includes servicing and distribution of automotive vehicles, as well as the manufacturing of earth moving apparatus, utility passenger motor vehicles and marine to power equipment. Eim Group is headquartered Mokattam, Cairo and is in partnership with Renault Egypt.

Since 2006, the Egyptian International Trading & Agencies Co. established themselves as the sole distributor of Kia Motors in Egypt, which became a subsidiary of EIM Group.

Mokattam
The Mokattam (Arabic: المقطم  [elmoˈʔɑtˤ.tˤɑm], also spelled Muqattam), also known as the Mukattam Mountain or Hills, is the name of an Eastern Desert plateau as well as the district built over it in the Southern Area of Cairo, Egypt. This is false by the consensus of the historians due lack of evidence (against the claim of it moving).
Alfredo Alcón
Alfredo Félix Alcón (Spanish pronunciation: [alˈfɾeðo alˈkon]; 3 March 1930 – 11 April 2014) was an Argentine theatre and film actor born in Buenos Aires. Widely regarded as one of the best and most important Argentine actors of the 20th century.

He worked in more than 50 movies since his first one, El amor nunca muere (Love Never Dies), in 1955, and received many recognitions for his work: among others, the Silver Condor, the Martin Fierro Award and the 1981 Diamond Konex Award.

He died on April 11, 2014, at the age of 84.

Fernando Ayala
Fernando Ayala (2 July 1920 – 11 September 1997) was an Argentine film director, screenwriter and film producer of the classic era.

Ayala initially began as a trainee assistant director in 1942, in El Viaje, and within two years he had become an assistant director. By 1949 he had obtained his first job as director, and from 1958 he also served as producer for the films he directed and some others. Between 1950 and 1987 he was involved in the direction and production of well over 40 films, such as Ayer fue primavera in 1955 and Argentinísima and Argentinísima II in 1972 and 1973 respectively. In 1963 he was a member of the jury at the 13th Berlin International Film Festival. His 1983 film The Deal was entered into the 13th Moscow International Film Festival where it won a Special Diploma.
Bacalhau à Narcisa
Bacalhau à Narcisa (Portuguese pronunciation: [bɐ.kɐˈʎaw a naɾˈsi.zɐ], meaning "salt cod in the style of Narcisa"), also known as bacalhau à minhota or bacalhau à Braga, is a traditional Portuguese cod fish (bacalhau). It consists of fried cod loins, accompanied by thinly sliced potatoes and onions that are fried in the same olive oil as the cod, together with bay leaves and cloves.

It originated in Braga, where it was served in the restaurant of the same name. It gained popularity and was eventually adopted by other restaurants, becoming one of the signature dishes of Minho cuisine.

Despite the name, the recipe was created by Dona Eusébia (who died in 1972), who kept the name of the tavern that had belonged to a certain Narcisa. Due to her advanced age, Narcisa could not continue running the business and handed it over to Dona Eusébia and her husband, Félix Ferreira Valença, in the mid-1930s.

Clove
Cloves are the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, Syzygium aromaticum (/sɪˈzɪdʒiːəm ˌærəˈmætɪkəm/). They are native to the Maluku Islands, or Moluccas, in Indonesia, and are commonly used as a spice, flavoring, or fragrance in consumer products, such as toothpaste, soaps, or cosmetics. Cloves are available throughout the year owing to different harvest seasons across various countries.
A'arab Zaraq – Lucid Dreaming
A'arab Zaraq – Lucid Dreaming is the sixth studio album by Swedish symphonic metal band Therion released in the year that the band celebrated their tenth anniversary. The record contains a few unused songs from Theli, a few cover songs the band had made, plus a full soundtrack Christofer Johnsson had made independently for the film called The Golden Embrace.

Theli (album)
Theli is the fifth studio album by Swedish symphonic metal band Therion. While Theli stays true to the band's roots in that it has a very dark sound, it is a major turning point in their history. Set, Egyptian god, is shown on the front cover . This was the last album on which Christofer Johnsson sang until 2004's Lemuria.  A music video was filmed for the song "To Mega Therion". The song "To Mega Therion" appears in the shockumentary film Traces of Death IV.
William Clark Denison
William Clark Denison (June 1, 1928 – April 8, 2005) was an American mycologist. Born in Rochester, New York, Denison attended Oberlin College, from which he earned a B.A. degree in 1950, and a Master's degree in 1952. Under the supervision of Richard P. Korf, Denison completed a PhD from Cornell University in 1956 on the ascomycete genus Scutellinia. He accepted a position as associate professor in the department of botany and plant pathology at Oregon State University  in 1966, simultaneously becoming curator of the mycological herbarium. He retired from Oregon State University in 1993. He was described as "a pioneer in the use of lichens to monitor air quality in the United States".

Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, genetics, biochemical properties, and use by humans. Fungi can be a source of tinder, food, traditional medicine, as well as entheogens, poison, and infection. Yeasts are among the most heavily utilized members of the fungus kingdom, particularly in food manufacturing.

Mycology branches into the field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases. The two disciplines are closely related, because the vast majority of plant pathogens are fungi. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist.
Efren Cruz
Efren Pablioto Cruz (born 27 May 1981) is a former English List A cricketer. A right-handed batsman who played primarily as a wicketkeeper, he was born at Hammersmith, London.

Cruz made his List-A debut for Surrey Cricket Board against Huntingdonshire in the 2nd round of the 2001 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy. Between 2001 and 2002, he played 5 List-A matches, the last of which for the Surrey Cricket Board came against the Essex Cricket Board at Chelmsford in the 2nd round of the 2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which was played in 2002.  In his 5 List-A matches, he scored 24 runs at a batting average of 8.00, with a high score of 11.  Behind the stumps he took a single catch and made 2 stumpings.

Between 1999 and 2000, he also represented the Surrey Second XI in the Second XI Championship and Second XI Trophy a combined total of 12 times.

County Cricket Ground, Chelmsford
The County Ground in Chelmsford, Essex, has been the official home ground of Essex County Cricket Club since 1967. It has been used for first-class cricket since 1925 and List A matches since 1969. The capacity is 6,500, mostly in single-tier seating with a single double-tiered stand. The pavilion was completed in the 1970s.
William Ball (Michigan politician)
William Ball (April 7, 1830 – August 28, 1902) was an American politician. From 1865 to 1868, he served in the Michigan House of Representatives, where he represented the Livingston County 1st district. He served another term in the state House from 1881 to 1882, where he represented the Livingston County district. During this term, he served as speaker pro tempore. From 1889 to 1890, Ball was served in the Michigan Senate. As president pro tempore of the state Senate, Upon the death of Lieutenant Governor James H. MacDonald in 1889, Ball served president of the Senate and as acting lieutenant governor. He died at age 72 in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Michigan Senate
The Michigan Senate is the upper house of the Michigan Legislature. Along with the Michigan House of Representatives, it composes the state legislature, which has powers, roles and duties defined by Article IV of the Michigan Constitution, adopted in 1963. The primary purpose of the Legislature is to enact new laws and amend or repeal existing laws.

The Michigan Senate is composed of 38 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of between approximately 212,400 to 263,500 residents. Legislative districts are drawn on the basis of population figures, provided by the federal decennial census. In January 2023, Democrats took the majority with 20 seats to Republicans' 18 seats. The Senate chamber is located in the State Capitol building.
Fusible core injection molding
Fusible core injection molding, also known as lost core injection molding, is a specialized plastic injection molding process used to mold internal cavities or undercuts that are not possible to mold with demoldable cores. Strictly speaking the term "fusible core injection molding" refers to the use of a fusible alloy as the core material; when the core material is made from a soluble plastic the process is known as soluble core injection molding. This process is often used for automotive parts, such as intake manifolds and brake housings, however it is also used for aerospace parts, plumbing parts, bicycle wheels, and footwear.

The most common molding materials are glass-filled nylon 6 and nylon 66. Other materials include unfilled nylons, polyphenylene sulfide, glass-filled polyaryletherketone (PAEK), glass-filled polypropylene (PP), rigid thermoplastic urethane, and elastomeric thermoplastic polyurethane.

Nylon 6
Nylon 6 or polycaprolactam is a polymer, in particular semicrystalline polyamide. Unlike most other nylons, nylon 6 is not a condensation polymer, but instead is formed by ring-opening polymerization; this makes it a special case in the comparison between condensation and addition polymers. Its competition with nylon 66 and the example it set have also shaped the economics of the synthetic fibre industry. It is sold under numerous trade names including Perlon (Germany), Dederon (former East Germany), Nylatron, Capron, Ultramid, Akulon, Kapron (former Soviet Union and satellite states), Rugopa (Turkey) and Durethan.
James Westfall Thompson
James Westfall Thompson (1869–1941) was an American historian specializing in the history of medieval and early modern Europe, particularly of the Holy Roman Empire and France. He also made noteworthy contributions to the history of literacy, libraries and the book trade in the Middle Ages.

History of libraries
The history of libraries began with the first efforts to organize collections of documents. Topics of interest include accessibility of the collection, acquisition of materials, arrangement and finding tools, the book trade, the influence of the physical properties of the different writing materials, language distribution, role in education, rates of literacy, budgets, staffing, libraries for targeted audiences, architectural merit, patterns of usage, and the role of libraries in a nation's cultural heritage, and the role of government, church or private sponsorship. Computerization and digitization arose from the 1960s, and changed many aspects of libraries.
Kamerni teatar 55
Kamerni teatar 55 (English: Chamber Theater 55) is a theater in Sarajevo, established in 1955. It is registered as public institution under the Ministry of Culture and Sport of Canton Sarajevo.

On average, around 13,000 people view performances throughout the year, and the capacity of the theater is 160 seats.

Zlatko Topčić managed this theater from 2001 to 2011.

Sarajevo Canton
The Sarajevo Canton (Bosnian: Kanton Sarajevo; Croatian: Sarajevska županija; Serbian: Сарајевски кантон) is a federated state and one of the ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its cantonal seat is the city of Sarajevo, also the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The canton is bordered by Republika Srpska to the north and east, Bosnian-Podrinje Canton Goražde to the southeast, Herzegovina-Neretva Canton to the south and southwest, and Central Bosnia Canton to the west.

The Canton represents the metro area of Sarajevo. It contains 97% of the city's population, but a much smaller percentage of the official land area. The majority of the population is Bosniak (83.8%).
Al-Zaytuna Mosque
Al-Zaytuna Mosque (Arabic: جامع الزيتونة, romanized: Jāmiʿ al-Zaytūnah, lit. 'Mosque of the olive') is a major mosque at the center of the historic medina of Tunis, Tunisia. The mosque is the oldest in the city. It was founded at the end of the 7th century or in the early 8th century, but its current architectural form dates from a reconstruction in the 9th century, including many antique columns reused from Carthage, and from later additions and restorations over the centuries.

The mosque developed into a place of higher education, today the University of Ez-Zitouna, which became the most important educational institution in Tunisia from around the 13th century onward. Ibn 'Arafa, a major Maliki scholar, al-Maziri, the great traditionalist and jurist, and Aboul-Qacem Echebbi, a famous Tunisian poet, all taught there, among others.

Maliki school
The Maliki school or Malikism is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas (c. 711–795 CE) in the 8th century. In contrast to the Ahl al-Hadith and Ahl al-Ra'y schools of thought, the Maliki school takes a unique position known as Ahl al-A'mal, in which they consider the Sunnah to be primarily sourced from the practice of the people of Medina and living Islamic traditions for their rulings on Islamic law.

The Maliki school is the second largest Sunni school, larger than the Shafi’i school but smaller than the Hanafi school. It is predominant in North Africa, West Africa and the Gulf states of Bahrain, Kuwait and United Arab Emirates. The current Maliki population is said to be around 500 million, comprising about 25% of the total Muslim population.
Ralf Otto
Ralf Otto (born 1956) is a German conductor, especially known as a choral conductor and academic teacher. He founded the Vokalensemble Frankfurt, focused on contemporary music and winning competitions including Let the Peoples Sing. Since 1986, he has been director of the Bachchor Mainz, with a tradition of performing Bach cantatas in broadcast church services. He added late romantic and contemporary works to their repertoire and made international tours with them. They made world premiere recordings of some cantatas by Bach's oldest son, Wilhelm Friedemann Bach, among other recordings. Otto was professor of choral conducting at the Folkwang Hochschule from 1990 to 2006, when he took the same position at the Hochschule für Musik Mainz.

Junge Deutsche Philharmonie
The Junge Deutsche Philharmonie (JDPh; Young German Philharmonic) is one of the national youth orchestras of Germany. Unlike the Bundesjugendorchester, which is composed of pre-university students aged 14–19, the Junge Deutsche Philharmonie consists of conservatory students up to the age of 28. It was founded in 1974 and is based in Frankfurt.

Conductors and soloists that appeared with the orchestra include Rudolf Barshai, George Benjamin, Pierre Boulez, Renaud Capuçon, Péter Eötvös, Julia Fischer, Martin Fröst, Beat Furrer, Sol Gabetta, Heiner Goebbels, Martin Helmchen, Janine Jansen Sergey Khachatryan, Truls Mørk, Christiane Oelze, Enno Poppe, Wolfgang Rihm, José María Sánchez-Verdú, Christian Stadelmann, Christian Tetzlaff, Carolin Widmann, Jörg Widmann, Lothar Zagrosek and Hans Zender.

Jonathan Nott has been the orchestra's principal conductor since 2014.

It is a member of the European Federation of National Youth Orchestras.
Cape Thomas Hubbard
Cape Thomas Hubbard is a headland located in the northern Canadian territory of Nunavut. Projecting into the Arctic Ocean, it is situated on the northern tip of Axel Heiberg Island, 320 mi (510 km) from Etah, Greenland.

Etah, Greenland
Etah is an abandoned settlement in the Avannaata municipality in northern Greenland. It was a starting point of discovery expeditions to the North Pole and the landing site of the last migration of the Inuit from the Canadian Arctic.
2017 Rivers State budget
The 2017 Rivers State budget was the financial statement of the Rivers State government presenting its proposed revenues and spending for the 2017 fiscal year. It was named the Golden Jubilee Budget for Accelerated Development to mark the state's 50th anniversary in 2017. It was presented before the House on 28 December 2016 by Governor Ezenwo Nyesom Wike. This was Governor Wike's second budget submitted as governor.

The budget was approved by the House of Assembly on 30 December 2016 and signed into law by the governor on 13 January 2017. During the signing ceremony, Governor Wike expressed his gratitude for its quick passage, and thanked the legislators for supporting the Executive to provide basic infrastructure to Riverians.

Rivers State House of Assembly
Rivers State House of Assembly is the legislative branch of the Government of Rivers State inaugurated in 1979. It is a unicameral body with 32 members elected into 32 state constituencies. The Assembly's primary function is to enact laws for the peace, order, and good governance of Rivers State, as outlined in the Constitution of Nigeria. The current Speaker of the State Assembly is Martins Amaewhule.
Richmond Barthé
James Richmond Barthé, also known as Richmond Barthé (January 28, 1901 – March 5, 1989) was an African-American sculptor associated with the Harlem Renaissance. Barthé is best known for his portrayal of black subjects. The focus of his artistic work was portraying the diversity and spirituality of man. Barthé once said: "All my life I have been interested in trying to capture the spiritual quality I see and feel in people, and I feel that the human figure as God made it, is the best means of expressing this spirit in man."

Rose McClendon
Rose McClendon (August 27, 1884 – July 12, 1936) was a leading African-American Broadway actress of the 1920s. A founder of the Negro People's Theatre, she guided the creation of the Federal Theatre Project's African American theatre units nationwide and briefly co-directed the New York Negro Theater Unit.
Call Me Madam (film)
Call Me Madam is a 1953 American Technicolor musical film directed by Walter Lang, with songs by Irving Berlin, based on the 1950 stage musical  of the same name. The film, with a screenplay by Arthur Sheekman, stars Ethel Merman, Donald O'Connor, Vera-Ellen, Billy DeWolfe, George Sanders, and Walter Slezak.

Merman won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Musical or Comedy. Music director Alfred Newman won the Oscar for Best Scoring of a Musical Picture, and Irene Sharaff was nominated for her costume design. Lang was nominated for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures by the Directors Guild of America and the Grand Prize at the 1953 Cannes Film Festival; Sheekman's screenplay was nominated Best Written American Musical by the Writers Guild of America.

1953 Cannes Film Festival
The 6th Cannes Film Festival took place from 15 to 29 April 1953. French writer and filmmaker Jean Cocteau served as jury president for the main competition.

The Grand Prize of the Festival was awarded, as the highest prize, to The Wages of Fear by Henri-Georges Clouzot.

During the opening ceremony, Walt Disney was awarded the "Legion of Honour" from the hands of Monsieur Hugues, Minister of Information of France.

The festival opened with Endless Horizons by Jean Dréville.