hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sacred herb
Sacred herbs are herbs that are considered sacred in some religions. Herbs such as myrrh (Commiphora myrrha), ague root (Aletris farinosa), and frankincense (Boswellia spp) in Christianity, Nine Herbs Charm in the partially Christianized Anglo-Saxon pagan, and a form of basil called tulsi—revered as a Hindu goddess for its medicinal value—are utilized in their rites and rituals.

Verbena
Verbena (/vərˈbiːnə/), also known as vervain or (in obsolete spelling) verveine, is a genus in the family Verbenaceae. It contains about 150 species of annual and perennial herbaceous or semi-woody flowering plants. The majority of the species are native to the Americas and Asia; however, Verbena officinalis, the common vervain or common verbena, is the type species and native to Europe.
1968 Falkland Islands general election
The Falkland Islands general election of 1968 was held on 13–15 March 1968 to elect members to the Legislative Council. Four out of the ten Councillors were elected through universal suffrage, two from Stanley and one each from East Falkland and West Falkland.

East Falkland (constituency)
East Falkland was a constituency of the Legislative Council of the Falkland Islands which was in existence from the first elections in the Falklands in 1949 until the 1985 election when the Falkland Islands Constitution came into force, abolishing the constituency. The constituency of East Falkland elected one member to the Legislative Council and consisted of the whole area of the island of East Falkland, excluding Stanley, and some neighbouring islands.  In 1964 it became the first seat to elect a female Councillor, Marjorie Vinson. East Falkland is now part of the Camp constituency.
Mount Tyrwhitt
Mount Tyrwhitt is a mountain in British Columbia and Alberta, Canada, located between Highway 40 and Elk Pass in the Elk Range of the Canadian Rockies, west of the Highwood Pass parking lot in Kananaskis Country and south east of Upper Kananaskis Lake.  Located on the Continental Divide, it is also therefore on the border between British Columbia and Alberta, which follows the Divide in this area.

The mountain was named in 1918 after First Admiral Reginald Tyrwhitt, a senior officer in the Royal Navy during the First World War.

Upper Kananaskis Lake
Upper Kananaskis Lake is a natural lake that was turned into a reservoir in Kananaskis Country in Alberta, Canada.

Upper Kananaskis Lake, along with the Lower Kananaskis Lake, is located in Peter Lougheed Provincial Park .

The lake is part of a series of natural and man made lakes in the Kananaskis and Bow Valleys used for hydro electric power, flood control, and water reserves for the Bow River water users such as the city of Calgary.

The lake is also used for recreational activities, with hiking paths surrounding the lake (and cross-country skiing trails in the winter).
Landing Cove
Landing Cove (60°44′S 45°41′W﻿ / ﻿60.733°S 45.683°W﻿ / -60.733; -45.683) is a cove north of Conroy Point on the northwest side of Moe Island in the South Orkney Islands, Antarctica. It was so named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee because the cove provides the only possible landing place for small boats on the island.

Conroy Point
Conroy Point (60°44′S 45°41′W﻿ / ﻿60.733°S 45.683°W﻿ / -60.733; -45.683) is a headland midway along the northwest side of Moe Island in the South Orkney Islands. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after James W.H. Conroy, ornithologist on Signy Island, 1967–68.
St. John's Church (Newark, New Jersey)
St. John's Church is a historic Roman Catholic parish church located within the Archdiocese of Newark at 22-26 Mulberry Street in Newark, Essex County, New Jersey, United States.  St. John's Church is the state's third-oldest Catholic church.

Parish (Catholic Church)
In the Catholic Church, a parish (Latin: parochia) is a stable community of the faithful within a particular church, whose pastoral care has been entrusted to a parish priest (Latin: parochus), under the authority of the diocesan bishop. It is the lowest ecclesiastical subdivision in the Catholic episcopal polity, and the primary constituent unit of a diocese or eparchy. Parishes are extant in both the Latin and Eastern Catholic Churches. In the 1983 Code of Canon Law, parishes are constituted under cc. 515–552, entitled "Parishes, Pastors, and Parochial Vicars."
Psyche (consciousness journal)
Psyche: The Official Journal of the Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness was an online peer-reviewed academic journal covering studies on consciousness and its relation to the brain from perspectives provided by the disciplines of cognitive science, philosophy, psychology, physics, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, and anthropology. It was established in 1993. In 2008 it became the official journal of the Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness. Psyche is no longer accepting articles, but the archive remains accessible.

Cognitive science
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition (in a broad sense). Mental faculties of concern to cognitive scientists include perception, memory, attention, reasoning, language, and emotion. To understand these faculties, cognitive scientists borrow from fields such as psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. The typical analysis of cognitive science spans many levels of organization, from learning and decision-making to logic and planning; from neural circuitry to modular brain organization. One of the fundamental concepts of cognitive science is that "thinking can best be understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that operate on those structures."
Velyki Ozera
Velyki Ozera (Ukrainian: Великі Озера; Polish: Jeziory) is a village in the Polesia region of Ukraine. Jeziory is located in the Rivne Oblast in Sarny Raion, but was formerly administered within Dubrovytsia Raion. It lies on the banks of the Lwa River. Until 1945, it was located in Poland, within the Polesie Voivodeship of Powiat Piński.

On September 18, 1939, upon the Soviet invasion of Poland, the playwright Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz committed suicide while staying in the village. He was buried in the village's cemetery.

Rivne Oblast
Rivne Oblast (Ukrainian: Рівненська область, romanized: Rívnensʹka óblastʹ), also referred to as Rivnenshchyna (Ukrainian: Рівненщина, romanized: Rívnenščyna), is an oblast in northwestern Ukraine. Its administrative center is Rivne. The surface area of the region is 20,100 square kilometres (7,800 mi2). Its population is: 1,141,784 (2022 estimate).

Before its annexation by the Soviet Union during World War II, the region was part of the Second Polish Republic's Wołyń Voivodeship following the Polish–Soviet War. Previously it was part of the Volhynian Governorate.

The Rivne Nuclear Power Plant is located in the oblast, near the city of Varash.
Aamer Mirza
Aamer Mirza (born 11 June 1965 in Peshawar) is a Pakistani former first-class cricketer active 1983–1987 who played for Peshawar. Aamer Mirza was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm off break bowler. He scored 1,174 career runs with a highest score of 105*. He took 25 wickets in his 25 first-class appearances with a best innings performance of six for 29.

Peshawar cricket team
The Peshawar cricket team is a Pakistani first-class cricket team from Peshawar. The team's home ground is Arbab Niaz Stadium, Peshawar. They participate in the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy. It was refounded in the 2023/24 season after a revamp of the domestic structure.
Vittorio Emanuele (Rome Metro)
Vittorio Emanuele is a station on Line A of the Rome Metro.  The station was inaugurated in 1980 and is sited underground, beneath Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II, which gives it its name, in the Esquilino rione.

The atrium of the station houses several mosaics from the Artemetro Roma Prize. The mosaics on display are by Nicola Carrino and Giulia Napoleone.

On 17 October 2006 there was a train crash in this station, killing one and injuring over 200 people.

Line A (Rome Metro)
Line A (Italian: Linea A) of the Rome Metro runs across the city from the north-west terminus of Battistini to the south-east terminus at Anagnina. It intersects with Line B at Termini and with Line C at San Giovanni. The line is marked orange on metro maps.

Normally very crowded, Line A is estimated to transport nearly half a million people daily.

It is the only line of the Rome Metro that crosses the Tiber.
2022 in archosaur paleontology
This article records new taxa of fossil archosaurs of every kind described during the year 2022, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of archosaurs that occurred in 2022.

Paleontology portal

History of science portal

dinosaurs portal

Campanian
The Campanian is the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous epoch on the geologic timescale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). In chronostratigraphy, it is the fifth of six stages in the Upper Cretaceous Series. Campanian spans the time from 83.6 (± 0.2) to 72.2 (± 0.2) million years ago. It is preceded by the Santonian and it is followed by the Maastrichtian.

The Campanian was an age when a worldwide sea level rise covered many coastal areas. The morphology of some of these areas has been preserved: it is an unconformity beneath a cover of marine sedimentary rocks.
1989 French municipal elections
Municipal elections were held in France on 12 and 19 March 1989. After the 1983 disaster, the left did relatively well in 1989. They gained Nantes, Strasbourg, Brest, Orléans, Mulhouse, Avignon, Chambéry, and Blois while losing Amiens, Saint-Malo, and Laon. The Communists continued their decline. Chirac repeated his 1983 sweep in Paris, but the PS did the same in Marseille. The FN won their first city, Saint-Gilles in the Gard. The Greens and ecologists did well, winning over 600 seats and around 15 cities.

Saint-Gilles, Gard
Saint-Gilles (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʒil] ⓘ; Provençal: Sant Geli; English: St. Giles) or Saint-Gilles-du-Gard is a commune in the Gard department in southern France.

It is the second most populous commune in the Nîmes metropolitan area.
Rudi Spring
Rudi Spring (17 March 1962 – 28 December 2025) was a German composer of classical music, pianist and academic teacher. He also worked as a church organist and conductor. He was known for vocal compositions on texts by poets and his own, and for chamber music such as his three Chamber Symphonies. As a pianist, he played with several regular duo partners and made recordings of works by Bach and his sons, Schubert and Sibelius. He taught Lied interpretation at the Musikhochschule München from 1999.

ORF (broadcaster)
Österreichischer Rundfunk (ORF [oːɛʁˈɛf] ⓘ; German pronunciation: [ˌøːstəʁaɪçɪʃɐ ˈʁʊntfʊŋk], lit. 'Austrian broadcasting') is the national public broadcaster and news website of Austria. Funded from a combination of television licence fee revenue and limited on-air advertising, ORF is the dominant player in the Austrian broadcast media. Austria was the last country in continental Europe after Albania to allow nationwide private television broadcasting, although commercial TV channels from neighbouring Germany have been present in Austria on pay-TV and via terrestrial overspill since the 1980s.
Vandal War (439–442)
The Vandal War (439–442) was a military conflict between the Western Roman Empire and the Vandals that was fought in the western Mediterranean Sea region. The main protagonists in this conflict were the Vandal king Geiseric and the commander-in-chief of the Roman army Aetius.

Jordanes
Jordanes (/dʒɔːrˈdeɪniːz/; Greek: Ιορδάνης), also written as Jordanis or Jornandes, was a 6th-century Eastern Roman bureaucrat, of Gothic descent, who became a historian later in life.

He wrote two works, one on Roman history (Romana) and the other on the Goths (Getica). The latter, along with Isidore of Seville's Historia Gothorum, is one of only two extant ancient works dealing with the early history of the Goths. Other writers, such as Procopius, wrote works on the later history of the Goths. Getica has been the object of much critical review. Jordanes wrote in Late Latin rather than the classical Ciceronian Latin. According to his own introduction, he had only three days to review what Cassiodorus had written and so he must also have relied on his own knowledge.
KV56
Tomb KV56, also known as the Gold Tomb, is a tomb located in the Valley of the Kings, near Luxor, Egypt. It was discovered by Edward R. Ayrton in January 1908 and contained what is thought to be the intact burial of a royal child from the late Nineteenth Dynasty. The burial and casket have disintegrated, leaving a thin layer of gold leaf and stucco in the original location. Most famously the tomb contained spectacular gold and silver jewellery including earrings, rings, silver bracelets with the names of Seti II and Twosret inscribed, and a pair of small silver gloves. The original occupant of this tomb is unknown but was possibly an Eighteenth Dynasty queen.

Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt
The Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XIX), also known as the Ramessid  dynasty, is classified as the second Dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian New Kingdom period, lasting from 1292 BC to 1189 BC. The 19th Dynasty and the 20th Dynasty furthermore together constitute an era known as the Ramesside period. This Dynasty was founded by Vizier Ramesses I, whom Pharaoh Horemheb chose as his successor to the throne.
Matsumoto Hōji
Matsumoto Hōji (松本 奉時, date of birth unknown – September 30, 1800, Osaka), also known as Shusuke (周助/周介) and Hōji Dojin (奉時道人), was a mid-Edo period painter and picture framer. He was particularly fond of and skilled at ink-wash zenga paintings, especially those of Japanese toads.

Japanese common toad
The Japanese common toad, Japanese warty toad or Japanese toad (Bufo japonicus) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Japan. Its natural habitats are subarctic forests, temperate forests, temperate shrubland, swamps, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, freshwater springs, arable land, rural gardens, urban areas, ponds, and irrigated land. Amplexus is the mating behaviour involved in the Japanese common toad during the breeding season.
Lefrançois
Lefrançois or LeFrançois (French pronunciation: [lə fʁɑ̃swa]) is a surname of French origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Anne-Marie LeFrançois (born 1977), Canadian skier

Cathy LeFrançois (born 1971), Canadian professional bodybuilder

Charles Lefrançois (born 1972), Canadian Olympic high jumper

J.-Eugène Lefrançois (1896–1979), Québécois industrialist and politician

Laurent Lefrançois (born 1974), French composer

Marc LeFrançois (born 1939), Canadian business executive; former president and CEO of Via Rail Canada

Nicolas Lefrançois (1794–1866), Canadian surveyor

Nicolas Lefrançois (cyclist) (born 1987), French cyclist

Roselyne Lefrançois (born 1950), French politician

Sabrina Lefrançois (born 1980), French Olympic figure skater

Nicolas Lefrançois
Nicolas Lefrançois (French pronunciation: [nikɔla ləfʁɑ̃swa]; November 2, 1794 – February 22, 1866) was a land surveyor and political figure in Lower Canada. He represented Montmorency in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1836 until the suspension of the constitution in 1837.

He was born in L'Ange-Gardien, the son of Pierre Lefrançois and Marguerite Gravelle, received his commission as a surveyor in 1823 and practised until 1865. He conducted surveys on the north bank of the Saint Lawrence River between Portneuf and La Malbaie and on the south bank between the seigneury of Lauzon and Saint-Jean-Port-Joli. Lefrançois was elected to the assembly in an 1836 by-election held after Elzéar Bédard was named a judge. He appears to have never married. Lefrançois died in L'Ange-Gardien at the age of 71.
Rashad Atia
Rashad Atia  (born 2 September 1986) is an Egyptian male volleyball player. He was part of the Egypt men's national volleyball team at the 2014 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship in Poland. He played for Zamalek.

Egypt men's national volleyball team
The Egypt men's national volleyball team represents Egypt in international volleyball competition. The team is governed by the Egyptian Volleyball Federation, which represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches.
John Ousterhout
John Kenneth Ousterhout (/ˈoʊstərhaʊt/, born October 15, 1954) is an American computer scientist. He is a professor of computer science at Stanford University. He founded Electric Cloud with John Graham-Cumming.

Ousterhout was previously a professor of computer science at University of California, Berkeley, where he created the Tcl scripting language and the Tk platform-independent widget toolkit, and proposed the idea of coscheduling. Ousterhout led the research group that designed the experimental Sprite operating system and the first log-structured file system.
Ousterhout also led the team that developed the Magic VLSI computer-aided design (CAD) program.

Coscheduling
Coscheduling is the principle for concurrent systems of scheduling related processes to run on different processors at the same time (in parallel). There are various specific implementations to realize this.

If an application consists of a collection of processes working closely together, and if some but not all of the processes are scheduled for execution, the executing processes may attempt to communicate with those that are not executing, which will cause them to block.  Eventually the other processes will be scheduled for execution, but by this time the situation may be reversed so that these processes also block waiting for interactions with others.  As a result, the application makes progress at the rate of at most one interprocess interaction per time slice, and will have low throughput and high latency.
Wingst
Wingst (German pronunciation: [vɪŋst] ⓘ) is a municipality in the district of Cuxhaven, in Lower Saxony, Germany.

Wingst belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, established in 1180. In 1648 the Prince-Archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish Crown - interrupted by a Danish occupation (1712–1715) - and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. In 1807 the ephemeric Kingdom of Westphalia annexed the Duchy, before France annexed it in 1810. In 1813 the Duchy was restored to the Electorate of Hanover, which - after its upgrade to the Kingdom of Hanover in 1814 - incorporated the Duchy in a real union and the Ducal territory, including Wingst, became part of the new Stade Region, established in 1823.

Bremen-Verden
Bremen-Verden, formally the Duchies of Bremen and Verden (German pronunciation: [ˈfɛɐ̯dən]; German: Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden), were two territories and immediate fiefs of the Holy Roman Empire, which emerged and gained imperial immediacy in 1180. By their original constitution they were prince-bishoprics of the Archdiocese of Bremen and Bishopric of Verden.

In 1648, both prince-bishoprics were secularised, meaning that they were transformed into hereditary monarchies by constitution, and from then on both the Duchy of Bremen and the Duchy of Verden were always ruled in personal union, initially by the royal houses of Sweden, the House of Vasa and the House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, and later by the House of Hanover.

With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, Bremen-Verden's status as fiefs of imperial immediacy became void; as they had been in personal union with the neighbouring Kingdom of Hanover, they were incorporated into that state.
Dennis Alexander
Dennis Alexander (1935—2011) was an English footballer who played as an inside forward.

Alexander started his career at Nottingham Forest, progressing from the youth team before making his first team debut in 1955. Alexander scored four goals in 20 league appearances for Forest before a brief spell at Brighton & Hove Albion, in which he did not make an appearance. Alexander then signed for Gateshead in 1958, going on to score a single goal in 17 league appearances. Alexander went on to play non-league football with Ilkeston Town, Sutton Town, Long Eaton United (where he was player-manager) and Belper Town.

Belper Town F.C.
Belper Town Football Club is a football club based in Belper, Derbyshire, England. They are currently members of the Northern Premier League Division One Midlands and play at Christchurch Meadow. The club are nicknamed the "Nailers" due to the town's nail-making industry.
American Civil Liberties Union v. Clapper
American Civil Liberties Union v. Clapper, 785 F.3d 787 (2nd Cir., 2015), was a lawsuit by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and its affiliate, the New York Civil Liberties Union, against the United States federal government as represented by then-Director of National Intelligence James Clapper. The ACLU challenged the legality and constitutionality of the National Security Agency's (NSA) bulk phone metadata collection program.

The challenge was initially rejected in District Court, but that ruling was overturned at the Circuit Court level. However, this particular ruling later became moot when the U.S. Congress clarified NSA surveillance procedures in the USA Freedom Act of 2015.

Smith v. Maryland
Smith v. Maryland, 442 U.S. 735 (1979), was a Supreme Court case holding that the installation and use of a pen register by the police to obtain information on a suspect's telephone calls was not a "search" within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, and hence no search warrant was required. In the majority opinion, Justice Harry Blackmun rejected the idea that the installation and use of a pen register constitutes a violation of the suspect's reasonable expectation of privacy since the telephone numbers would be available to and recorded by the phone company anyway.

The Smith ruling was the Supreme Court's first significant articulation of the third-party doctrine in which government investigators may be permitted to search a person's private information by obtaining it not from the person directly, but from a business or other party with which the person has traded such information voluntarily.
Toyo Seat
Toyo Seat Co., Ltd. is an automotive company based in Japan, founded in May 1947.  In January 1988, the company expanded to the United States as Toyo Seat USA Corp. Further sites had been established in Taiwan (China) (1992), Philippines (1998) and Hungary (2002).

Beside soft tops for convertibles and roofmodules, Toyo Seat produces automobile seats, mechanical products, automotive exhaust pipes, door trims, train seats, steel office furniture, health equipment, and other products.

At the end of 2006 Toyo Seat had about 900 employees and a turnover of US$43.2 billion.

One customer of Toyo Seat in Hungary, where about 170 people work, is Suzuki.

In 2019 Toyo Seat US started a joint venture with two more suppliers for the production of seats.

Exhaust system
An exhaust system is used to guide reaction exhaust gases away from a controlled combustion inside an engine or stove. The entire system conveys burnt gases from the engine and includes one or more exhaust pipes. Depending on the overall system design, the exhaust gas may flow through one or more of the following:

Cylinder head and exhaust manifold

A turbocharger to increase engine power.

A catalytic converter to reduce air pollution.

A muffler (North America/Australia) / silencer (UK/India), to reduce noise.