hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Traveling carnival
A traveling carnival (American English), usually simply called a carnival, travelling funfair or travelling show (British English), is an amusement show that may be made up of amusement rides, food vendors, merchandise vendors, games of chance and skill, thrill acts, and animal acts. A traveling carnival is not set up at a permanent location, like an amusement park, but is moved from place to place. Its roots are similar to the 19th century circus with both being fitted-up in open fields near or in town and moving to a new location after a period of time. In fact, many carnivals have circuses while others have a clown aesthetic in their decor. Unlike traditional Carnival celebrations, the North American traveling carnival is not tied to a religious observance.

American burlesque
American burlesque is a genre of variety show derived from elements of Victorian burlesque, music hall, and minstrel shows. Burlesque became popular in the United States in the late 1860s and slowly evolved to feature ribald comedy and female nudity. By the late 1920s, the striptease element overshadowed the comedy and subjected burlesque to extensive local legislation. Burlesque gradually lost its popularity, beginning in the 1940s. A number of producers sought to capitalize on nostalgia for the entertainment by recreating burlesque on the stage and in Hollywood films from the 1930s to the 1960s. There has been a resurgence of interest in this format since the 1990s.
Hendrick Island
40°24′27″N 74°59′40″W﻿ / ﻿40.40750°N 74.99444°W﻿ / 40.40750; -74.99444

Hendrick Island is a large erosional feature in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Once part of the main shoreline, a sizable channel of the Delaware River now separates it from the rest of the state. The island is part of Solebury Township and a protected natural area within Delaware Canal State Park.

Bucks County, Pennsylvania
Bucks County is in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 646,538, making it the fourth-most populous county in Pennsylvania. Its county seat is Doylestown. The county is named after the English county of Buckinghamshire. The county is part of the Southeast region of the commonwealth.

The county represents the northern boundary of the Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA–NJ–DE–MD metropolitan statistical area.

To its southwest, Bucks County borders Montgomery County and Philadelphia, the nation's sixth-largest city. To its east, the county borders the Delaware River and U.S. state of New Jersey. To its north, the county borders Lehigh and Northampton counties in the state's Lehigh Valley region. The county is approximately 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Allentown, the state's third-largest city, and 40 miles (64 km) north of Philadelphia, the state's largest city.
Manisha Singh (politician)
Manisha Singh (born 1982) is an Indian politician from Madhya Pradesh. She is a member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly representing the Bharatiya Janata Party from Jaisingnagar Assembly constituency, which is reserved for the Scheduled Tribe community, in Shahdol district. She was elected as an MLA in the 2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election.

Shahdol district
Shahdol district (Hindi pronunciation: [ʃɛʱ.ɖoːl]) is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in east central India. Its old name was Matsya raj or Virat kingdom in the name of great king Maharaja Virata. With a total area of 6,205 km2 (2,396 sq mi) and a population of 10,66,063. Shahdol is an important district of Madhya Pradesh. The town of Shahdol is the district headquarters. The district formerly comprised Shahdol division.

The Virateshwara Temple in Sohagpur Vangana is the most important tourist destination of Shahdol and a structural masterpiece. The district extends 110 km (68 mi) from east to west and 170 km (110 mi) from north to south.
Patrik Kallin
Patrik Åke Kalli (born January 4, 1979 in Härnösand) is a Swedish wheelchair curler.

He participated at the 2010 Winter Paralympics where Swedish team won a bronze medal, and at the 2014 Winter Paralympics where Swedish team finished on seventh place.

Härnösand
Härnösand (Swedish pronunciation: [hæɳøˈsanːd]) is a locality and the seat of Härnösand Municipality in Västernorrland County, Sweden with 25,012 inhabitants in 2023. It is called "the gate to the High Coast" because of the world heritage landscape just a few miles north of Härnösand. Härnösand is the seat of the Diocese of Härnösand, the County Governor residence and Västernorrland County Museum.
Bokea, California
Bokea (also, Boch-heaf) is a former Pomo settlement in Mendocino County, California, one of a number of Pomo settlements catalogued by Stephen Powers. It was located in Rancheria Valley; its precise location is unknown.

The Boch-heaf band of Pomo are one of four bands of Pomo described by George Gibbs as living between Hopland and the coast; the other three are Moiya, Tabahtea, and Ubakhea.

George Gibbs (ethnologist)
George Gibbs (1815–1873) was an American ethnologist, naturalist and geologist who contributed to the study of the languages of indigenous peoples in Washington Territory. Known for his expertise in Native American customs and languages, Gibbs participated in numerous treaty negotiations between the U.S. government and the native tribes.
Gyula Nagy
Gyula Nagy (7 April 1924 – 10 March 1996), also referred to as Jules Nagy, was a Hungarian football player and manager.

Born in Szob, Nagy began his career with Vasas SC and then joined France where he played for numerous clubs. He had a spell of two years with Fiorentina. When he was still a player he began a coaching career with Metz, and also coached Bastia and FC Sète.

Szob
Szob (German: Zopp an der Donau, Slovak: Soba) is a town in Pest county, Central Hungary, Hungary. It is just south and east of the Slovak border on the north bank of the Danube.

Szob is on a major electrified rail connection from Bratislava and a major railway border crossing into Hungary. The border is located between Szob and Štúrovo. On 21 December 2007, all border controls ceased as Hungary and Slovakia became part of the Schengen Area.
Namsansinseong
Namsansinseong (Korean: 남산신성; Hanja: 南山新城) was a Silla-era Korean fortress located on the mountain Namsan in what is now Gyeongju, South Korea. On January 21, 1963, its location was made Historic Site of South Korea No. 22.

According to the Samguk sagi, it was built in 591 (Korean calendar), during the reign of King Jinpyeong. It was significantly renovated in 679, during the reign of King Munmu.

Its history is documented in 9 steles that have been discovered between 1935 and 1994. Currently much of the fortress is in ruins; parts of the wall remain.

Korean fortress
Korean fortresses are fortifications constructed by Koreans since the Three Kingdoms of Korea period. Koreans developed a unique and distinct fortress tradition. Korea, beginning with Goguryeo, has been called "a country of fortresses"; almost 2,400 mountain fortress sites have been found in Korea.

There are numerous types of Korean fortresses, including sanseong (mountain fortress), eupseong (city fortress), pyeongjiseong, gwanseong, jangseong, chaekseong, and more.
Jorge Mandrú
Jorge Mandrú (born May 5, 1986 in Osorno) is an alpine skier from Chile. He competed for Chile at the 2010 Winter Olympics. Mandrú was Chile's flag bearer during the 2010 Winter Olympics opening ceremony.

Osorno, Chile
Osorno (Mapuche: Chauracavi) is a city and commune in southern Chile and capital of Osorno Province in the Los Lagos Region. It had a population of 145,475, as of the 2002 census. It is located 945 kilometres (587 mi) south of the national capital of Santiago, 105 kilometres (65 mi) north of the regional capital of Puerto Montt and 260 kilometres (160 mi) west of the Argentine city of San Carlos de Bariloche, connected via International Route 215 through the Cardenal Antonio Samoré Pass. It is a gateway for land access to the far south regions of Aysén and Magallanes, which would otherwise be accessible only by sea or air from the rest of the country.

Located at the confluence of Rahue and Damas River, Osorno is the main service centre of agriculture and cattle farming in the northern Los Lagos Region. The city's cultural heritage is shaped by Huilliche, Spanish, and German influences.
Vusi Dube
Emmanuel Vusumuzi Dube (born 1952 or 1953) is a South African politician and Christian minister who has represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Legislature for over a decade. He is also the founder of eThekwini Community Church, a large charismatic church in Durban, and of Community Churches International. He is known as an ally of former president Jacob Zuma.

Pietermaritzburg
Pietermaritzburg (/ˌpiːtərˈmærɪtsbɜːrɡ/; Zulu: uMgungundlovu) is the capital and second-largest city in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa after Durban. It was named in 1838 and is currently governed by the Msunduzi Local Municipality.

The town was named in Zulu, after King Dingane's royal homestead uMgungundlovu. Pietermaritzburg is popularly called Maritzburg and is often informally abbreviated to PMB. It is a regionally important industrial hub, producing aluminium, timber and dairy products, and is the main economic hub of uMgungundlovu District Municipality. The public sector is a major employer in the city due to local, district and provincial government offices located here.

The city has many schools and tertiary education institutions, including a campus of the University of KwaZulu-Natal.
St. Stan's Brewery
St. Stan's Brewery is a microbrewery in Modesto, California. The company was established in 1984.

In 2017, St. Stan's reopened in downtown Modesto, with a taproom as well as offsite brewing of craft beers by their original brewmaster of 25 years, Bill Coffey, brewing originals such as Red Sky Ale, Whistlestop Pale Ale, Amber and Barley Wine, in addition to plans for some new styles.

Anheuser-Busch
Anheuser-Busch Companies, LLC (/ˈænhaɪzər ˈbʊʃ/ AN-hy-zər BUUSH) is an American brewing company headquartered in St. Louis, Missouri. Since 2008, following the hostile takeover by AB Inbev of Belgium, it has been wholly owned by Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV (AB InBev), now the world's largest brewing company, which owns multiple global brands, notably Budweiser, Michelob, Stella Artois, and Beck's.

The company employs over 19,000 people, operates 12 breweries and nine aluminum can plants in the United States, and until December 2009, was one of the largest theme park operators in the United States, with ten theme parks through the company's family entertainment division Busch Entertainment Corporation.38°35′57″N 90°12′52″W﻿ / ﻿38.59917°N 90.21444°W﻿ / 38.59917; -90.21444
HLA-B47
HLA-B47 (B47) is an HLA–B serotype. The serotype identifies the HLA-B*47 gene products (B*4701, B*4702, B*4703) . Comparison of B47 nucleotide sequence with other HLA-B sequences shows a segment of 228 bp identical with B44 in the alpha 1 domain and a segment of 218 bp identical with B27 in the alpha 2 domain, but only a 91 bp segment of identity with B13 in the alpha 1 domain. The complex pattern of substitutions and their degree of divergence indicate that HLA-B13 and HLA-Bw47 alleles are not related by a simple mutational event. B47 is linked to (close to on the chromosome) a gene that causes adrenal deficiency. B47 is generally low in frequency and with highest known frequencies in Central and Western Africa. (For terminology help see: HLA-serotype tutorial)

Serotype
A serotype or serovar is a distinct variation within a species of bacteria or virus or among immune cells of different individuals. These microorganisms, viruses, or cells are classified together based on their shared reactivity between their surface antigens and a particular antiserum, allowing the classification of organisms to a level below the species. A group of serovars with common antigens is called a serogroup or sometimes serocomplex.

Serotyping often plays an essential role in determining species and subspecies. The Salmonella genus of bacteria, for example, has been determined to have over 2600 serotypes. Vibrio cholerae, the species of bacteria that causes cholera, has over 200 serotypes, based on cell antigens. Only two of them have been observed to produce the potent enterotoxin that results in cholera: O1 and O139.

Serotypes were discovered in hemolytic streptococci by the American microbiologist Rebecca Lancefield in 1933.
Kavarna Municipality
Kavarna Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Каварна) is a municipality (obshtina) in Dobrich Province, Northeastern Bulgaria, located on the Northern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast in Southern Dobruja geographical region. It is named after its administrative centre - the town of Kavarna.

The municipality embraces a territory of 481.4 km2 (185.9 sq mi) with a population of 15,861 inhabitants, as of December 2009.

Geographically, the area is best known with the long and narrow headland of Kaliakra.
The main road E87 crosses the municipality connecting the port of Varna with the Romanian port of Constanța.

Opština
Opština, općina, občina, obshtina or obshchina (Cyrillic: општина, опћина or община), is a local government unit in Slavic-speaking countries, most commonly translated as municipality in English. It is used by the following countries:
Emil Tchakarov
Emil Tchakarov (Bulgarian: Емил Чакъров), born 29 June 1948 in Burgas, Bulgaria; died 4 August 1991 in Paris, was a Bulgarian conductor who had a career both in the concert hall and in the opera house. He also made a series of Russian opera recordings.

Burgas
Burgas (Bulgarian: Бургас, pronounced [burˈɡas] ⓘ), sometimes transliterated as Bourgas, is the second largest city on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast in the region of Northern Thrace and the fourth-largest city in Bulgaria after Sofia, Plovdiv, and Varna, with a population of 210,396 inhabitants, while 226,092 live in its urban area. It is the capital of Burgas Province and an important industrial, transport, cultural and tourist centre.

The city is surrounded by the Burgas Lakes and located at the westernmost point of the Black Sea, at the large Burgas Bay. LUKOIL Neftochim Burgas is the largest oil refinery in southeastern Europe and the largest industrial enterprise. The Port of Burgas is the second largest port in Bulgaria, and Burgas Airport is the second most important in the country. Burgas is the centre of the Bulgarian fishing and fish processing industry.
German submarine U-2508
German submarine U-2508 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 13 June 1944 at the Blohm & Voss yard at Hamburg, as yard number 2508. She was launched on 19 August 1944, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Uwe Christiansen on 26 September 1944.

Oberleutnant zur See
Oberleutnant zur See (OLt zS or OLZS in the German Navy, Oblt.z.S. in the Kriegsmarine) is traditionally the highest rank of Lieutenant in the German Navy. It is grouped as OF-1 in NATO.

The rank was introduced in the Imperial German Navy by renaming the former rank of Premier Lieutenant in 1890. Within the navy, officers of this rank were simply addressed as Herr Oberleutnant. To distinguish naval officers from those of the army, the suffix zur See (at sea) was added in official communications, sometimes shortened to z.S. (Oblt.z.S.). The rank has since been used by the Reichsmarine, Kriegsmarine, and Bundesmarine.  In the Volksmarine, the rank was originally used in the same way until the suffix zur See was dropped. In the Kriegsmarine, engineers (Ingenieur – Ing.) of the same rank were distinguished as Oberleutnant (Ing.).
Kiho-tumu
In the mythology of the Tuamotu archipelago, Kiho-tumu (or Kiho) represents the supreme god (Sykes and Kendall 2003:108).

The Milky Way is said to be his 'sacred ocean' and the dark rift within the Milky Way is referred to as his sacred ship, called 'the Long Shark' (Beckwith  1970:236).

On the other hand, research by anthropologist Kenneth Emory led him to doubt the reliability of Stimson's sources:

These details concerning the principal informants for the esoteric cult of Kio or Kiho, coming to my attention, have made it more and more difficult for me to accept their accounts and esoteric versions of chants, unsupported by trustworthy confirmation. Both Bishop Paul Mazé and I have earnestly searched for corroboration and have not only failed to find any, but have come across so much reliable contrary evidence (now on file at the Bishop Museum) that we are left completely without faith in the cult.

Ship
A ship  is a large watercraft designed for travel across the surface of a body of water, carrying cargo or passengers, or in support of specialized tasks such as warfare, oceanography and fishing. Ships are generally distinguished from boats, based on size, shape, load capacity and purpose. Ships have supported exploration, trade, warfare, migration, colonization, and science. Ship transport is responsible for the largest portion of world commerce.

The word ship has meant, depending on era and context, either simply a large vessel or specifically a full-rigged ship with three or more masts, each of which is square rigged.

The earliest historical evidence of boats is found in Egypt during the 4th millennium BC. In 2024, ships had a global cargo capacity of 2.4 billion tons, with the three largest classes being ships carrying dry bulk (43%), oil tankers (28%) and container ships (14%).
Generator matrix
In coding theory, a generator matrix is a matrix whose rows form a basis for a linear code. The codewords are all of the linear combinations of the rows of this matrix, that is, the linear code is the row space of its generator matrix.

Basis (linear algebra)
In mathematics, a set B of elements of  a vector space V is called a basis (pl.: bases) if every element of V can be written in a unique way as a finite linear combination of elements of B. The coefficients of this linear combination are referred to as components or coordinates of the vector with respect to B. The elements of a basis are called basis vectors.

Equivalently, a set B is a basis if its elements are linearly independent and every element of V is a linear combination of elements of B. In other words, a basis is a linearly independent spanning set.

A vector space can have several bases; however all the bases have the same number of elements, called the dimension of the vector space.

This article deals mainly with finite-dimensional vector spaces. However, many of the principles are also valid for infinite-dimensional vector spaces.

Basis vectors find applications in the study of crystal structures and frames of reference.
2010 London Marathon
The 2010 London Marathon was the 30th running of the annual marathon race in London, England, which took place on Sunday, 25 April. The elite men's race was won by Ethiopia's Tsegaye Kebede in a time of 2:05:19 hours and the elite women's race was won by Aselefech Mergia, also of Ethiopia, in 2:22:38.

In the wheelchair races, Canada's Josh Cassidy (1:35:21) and Japan's Wakako Tsuchida (1:52:33) won the men's and women's divisions, respectively.

Around 163,000 people applied to enter the race: 51,378 had their applications accepted and 36,956 started the race. A total of 36,553 runners, 24,423 men and 12,130 women, finished the race.

In the under-17 Mini Marathon, the 3-mile non-disabled and wheelchair events were won by Jack Gray (14:29), Jessica Judd (16:39), Daniel Lucker (12:36) and Hannah Cockroft (15:48).

Hannah Cockroft
Hannah Lucy Cockroft (born 30 July 1992) is a British wheelchair racer, specialising in sprint distances in the T34 classification, and a TV presenter.

She holds the world records for the 100 metres, 200 metres, 400 metres, 800 metres and 1500 metres in her classification and the Paralympic records at 100 metres, 200 metres, 400 metres and 800 metres. Competing for Great Britain at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, she won two gold medals. She won three further gold medals at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro.
On the Radio (Donna Summer song)
"On the Radio" is a song by American singer-songwriter Donna Summer, produced by Italian musician Giorgio Moroder, and released in late 1979 on the Casablanca record label. It was written for the soundtrack to the film Foxes and included on Summer's first international compilation album On the Radio: Greatest Hits Volumes I & II.

Casablanca Records
Casablanca Records is an American record label owned by Universal Music Group and operated under Republic Records. Under its founder Neil Bogart, Casablanca was most successful during the disco era of the mid to late 1970s. The label focuses on dance and electronic music under the direction of Brett Alperowitz.
Louis-Théodore Besserer
Louis-Théodore Besserer (January 4, 1785 – February 3, 1861) was a businessman, notary and political figure in Lower Canada.

He was born at Château-Richer, Quebec in 1785. He studied at the Petit Séminaire de Québec and later became a notary. During the War of 1812, he was a lieutenant in the Quebec City militia, later becoming captain. He represented Quebec County in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1833 to 1838. He supported the Ninety-Two Resolutions, but preferred working through legal channels to rebellion. So, the British government saw him as a rebel, while the Parti patriote resented his moderate stance. In 1845, he retired to a large estate that he had purchased in Bytown. He subdivided this property and sold off building lots; this area is now the Ottawa neighbourhood of Sandy Hill. Besserer Street in this area was named after him.

He died at Ottawa in 1861.

Bytown
Bytown is the former name of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It was founded on September 26, 1826, incorporated as a town on January 1, 1850, and superseded by the incorporation of the City of Ottawa on January 1, 1855. The founding was marked by a sod turning, and a letter from Governor General Dalhousie which authorized Lieutenant Colonel John By to divide up the town into lots.  Bytown came about as a result of the construction of the Rideau Canal and grew largely due to the Ottawa River timber trade.  Bytown's first mayor was John Scott, elected in 1847.
HMS Hart
Several ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Hart including:

HMS Hart (1805), was a French schooner launched in 1789 that in 1804 was renamed Empereur and that cruised as a privateer out of Guadeloupe. The British Royal Navy captured Empereur in 1805 and took her into service. She captured numerous small merchant vessels and participated in the capture of the Danish West Indies in December 1807. The Navy sold her in 1810.loupe. The British Royal Navy captured Empereur in 1805 and took her into service. The Navy sold her in 1810.

HMS Hart (1868), a Beacon-class gunvessel launched in 1868

HMS Hart (1895), a Handy-class destroyer launched in 1895 and sold for scrap in 1912.

HMS Hart (U58), a Modified Black Swan-class sloop launched in 1943. Sold to Germany in 1959 and renamed Scheer; she was scrapped in 1971

HMS Hart (P257), the former HMAFV Stirling used as a patrol vessel at Gibraltar from 1985 until 1991

HMS Hart (1805)
HMS Hart was a French schooner launched in 1789 that in 1804 was renamed Empereur and that cruised as a privateer out of Guadeloupe. The British Royal Navy captured Empereur in 1805 and took her into service. She captured numerous small merchant vessels and participated in the capture of the Danish West Indies in December 1807. The Navy sold her in 1810.