hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hespeler, Ontario
Hespeler is a neighbourhood and former town within Cambridge, Ontario, located along the Speed River in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. In 1973, Hespeler, Preston, Galt, and the hamlet of Blair were amalgamated to form the City of Cambridge. The first mayor of Cambridge was Claudette Millar.

No population data is available for the former Hespeler since the census reports cover only the full area of Cambridge. However, the combined population of the census tracts that cover what is now Hespeler was 26,391 as of the 2016 Canada Census.

The neighbourhood of Hespeler is located in the most northeasterly section of Cambridge. Even in the early days it had an industrial base, primarily activity from woolen and textile mills.

Kitchener, Ontario
Kitchener is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario, about 100 km (62 mi) west of Toronto. It is one of three cities that make up the Regional Municipality of Waterloo and is the regional seat. Kitchener was known as Berlin until a 1916 referendum changed its name. The city covers an area of 136.86 km2, and had a population of 256,885 at the time of the 2021 Canadian census.

The Regional Municipality of Waterloo has 673,910 people as of year-end 2023, making it the 10th-largest census metropolitan area (CMA) in Canada and the fourth-largest CMA in Ontario. Kitchener and Waterloo are considered "twin cities", which are often referred to jointly as "Kitchener–Waterloo" (K–W), although they have separate municipal governments.
Enterovirus cis-acting replication element
Enterovirus cis-acting replication element is a small RNA hairpin in the coding region of protein 2C as the site in PV1(M) RNA that is used as the primary template for the in vitro uridylylation. The first step in the replication of the plus-stranded poliovirus RNA is the synthesis of a complementary minus strand. This process is initiated by the covalent attachment of uridine monophosphate (UMP) to the terminal protein VPg, yielding VPgpU and VPgpUpU.

VPg
VPg (viral protein genome-linked) is a protein that is covalently attached to the 5′ end of positive strand viral RNA and acts as a primer during RNA synthesis in a variety of virus families including Picornaviridae, Potyviridae, Astroviridae and Caliciviridae. There are some studies showing that a possible VPg protein is also present in astroviridae, however, experimental evidence for this has not yet been provided and requires further study.  The primer activity of VPg occurs when nucleotides are covalently added to it, providing nucleobases that can base pair with the 3' end of the viral RNA. For some virus families, VPg also has a role in translation initiation by acting like a 5' mRNA cap.

VPg was first described in initial investigations of poliovirus RNA as a protein covalently attached to the 5' end of the genome. and later seen in caliciviruses.
Rameshwar Chaurasiya
Rameshwar Chaurasiya is an Indian politician, and member of the Lok Janshakti Party. Chaurasiya was also a member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly, from the Nokha constituency in Rohtas district, as a member of Bharatiya Janata Party.

In October 2020, Chaurasiya joined Lok Janshakti Party and was given a ticket from Sasaram constituency in 2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election.
 In 2022, he rejoins Bharatiya Janata Party.

Rohtas district
Rohtas district  also spelled as Rautas,is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India. It came into existence when Shahabad District was bifurcated into Bhojpur & Rohtas in 1972. Administrative headquarter of the district is Sasaram. Rohtas district has the highest literacy in Bihar. The literacy rate of Rohtas district which is 73.37% as per 2011 census is highest among all 38 districts of Bihar.

Rohtas district also has one of the highest forest cover among all 38 districts of Bihar.

The Rohtas district is a part of Patna Division, and it has an area of 3850 km², a population of 2,959,918 (2011 census), and a population density of 763 persons per km². Languages spoken here are Bhojpuri, Hindi and English.
1952 Leeds South East by-election
The 1952 Leeds South East by-election was held on 7 February 1952.  It was held due to the elevation to a hereditary peerage of the incumbent Labour MP, James Milner.  It was retained by the Labour candidate, Denis Healey.

Leeds South East
Leeds South East was a borough constituency in the city of Leeds in West Yorkshire.  It returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

The constituency was created for the 1918 general election, and abolished for the 1983 general election.
0,1-simple lattice
In lattice theory, a bounded lattice L is called a 0,1-simple lattice if nonconstant lattice homomorphisms of L preserve the identity of its top and bottom elements. That is, if L is 0,1-simple and ƒ is a function from L to some other lattice that preserves joins and meets and does not map every element of L to a single element of the image, then it must be the case that ƒ−1(ƒ(0)) = {0} and ƒ−1(ƒ(1)) = {1}.

For instance, let Ln be a (flat) lattice with n atoms a1, a2, ..., an, top and bottom elements 1 and 0, and no other elements. Then for n ≥ 3, Ln is 0,1-simple. However, for n = 2, the function ƒ that maps 0 and a1 to 0 and that maps a2 and 1 to 1 is a homomorphism, showing that  L2 is not 0,1-simple.

Atom (order theory)
In the mathematical field of order theory, an element a of a partially ordered set with least element 0 is an atom if 0 < a and there is no x such that 0 < x < a.

Equivalently, one may define an atom to be an element that is minimal among the non-zero elements, or alternatively an element that covers the least element 0.
James Reddy Clendon
James Reddy Clendon (1 October 1800 – 26 October 1872) was an early European settler in New Zealand, the first United States Consul to New Zealand, and he was a witness to the Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand (1835) and the Treaty of Waitangi (1840).

Bay of Islands
The Bay of Islands (Māori: Te Pēwhairangi) is an area on the east coast of the Far North District of the North Island of New Zealand. It is one of the most popular fishing, sailing and tourist destinations in the country, and has been renowned internationally for its big-game fishing since American author Zane Grey publicised it in the 1930s. It is 60 km (37 mi) north-west of the city of Whangārei. Cape Reinga, at the northern tip of the country, is about 210 km (130 mi) by road further to the north-west.
Lovatt
Lovatt is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Harry Lovatt (1905–1984), much-travelled English footballer

Mark Lovatt (born 1971), British road racing cyclist

Paul Lovatt-Cooper, "Composer in Association" of the Black Dyke Band

Stephen Lovatt (born 1964), New Zealand actor, plays Max Hoyland on the Australian soap Neighbours

Tom Lovatt-Williams (1897–1986), English poet and writer about railways and nature topics

George I. Lovatt, Sr. (1872–1958), US cathedral architect

Harry Lovatt
Harry Lovatt (c.1904 – 1984) was an English footballer. A much-travelled forward, he played for Port Vale, Preston North End, Crewe Alexandra, Bradford City, Wrexham, Scarborough, Leicester City, Notts County, Northampton Town, Macclesfield Town, Stafford Rangers, and Winsford United.
2nd Electoral Unit of Republika Srpska (NSRS)
The second electoral unit of Republika Srpska is a parliamentary constituency used to elect members to the National Assembly of Republika Srpska since 2014.  It consists of the Municipalities of Gradiška, Laktaši, Srbac and Prnjavor.

National Assembly (Republika Srpska)
The People's Assembly of Republika Srpska (Serbian: Народна скупштина Републике Српске, НСРС; Croatian: Narodna skupština Republike Srpske, NSRS) is the legislative body of Republika Srpska, one of two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The current assembly is the ninth since the founding of the entity.
Applecross, Western Australia
Applecross is a riverside suburb of Perth, Western Australia, bounded by Canning Highway and the Swan River.  It is located within the City of Melville.

As of 2025, several high-rise buildings are under construction in the eastern, "Applehattan", portion of the suburb, bringing their number to about a dozen, following similar developments in nearby South Perth. Until recently, the Raffles Waterfront Tower was the only high-rise building in the suburb.

Elizabeth Quay bus station
Elizabeth Quay bus station, formerly the Esplanade Busport, is a Transperth bus station, located at the southern edge of the Perth CBD in Western Australia, next to the Perth Convention Exhibition Centre and Elizabeth Quay railway station. It has 35 stands and is served by 55 Transperth routes operated by Path Transit, Swan Transit and Transdev WA. It is also served by South West Coach Lines services.
Rådhusstræde 1
Rådhusstræde 1/Brolæggerstræde 13 is a Neoclassical property overlooking Nytorv-Gammeltorv from its location at the corner of Rådhusstræde and Brolæggerstræde in the southeastern corner of the square, in the Old Town of Copenhagen, Denmark. The building was constructed by Andreas Hallander as part of the rebuilding of the city following the Copenhagen Fire of 1795 but owes its current appearance to a comprehensive renovation undertaken in 1851 for lawyer Carl Liebenberg. It was listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1918. Former residents include the politician Christian Colbjørnsen, physician and former director of the Danish West India Company Johan Friedrich Heinrich and composer W.H.R.R. Giedde. Posthusteatret, a combined theatre and art cinema, is based in the basement.

Royal Danish Library
Royal Danish Library (Danish: Det Kgl. Bibliotek) is a merger of the two previous national libraries in Denmark: the State and University Library in Aarhus and the Royal Library in Copenhagen. Although now under a single organisation, the separate locations in both cities are maintained.

The merger came into effect on January 1, 2017.
Maitland Wood
Christianity portal

Alfred Maitland Wood (died 28 December 1918) was Archdeacon of Macclesfield from 1904 to 1918. He was educated at Christ's Hospital and Trinity College, Cambridge  and ordained in 1886. After curacies at Tarvin and Wallasey he became Vicar of St Mary's, Liscard in 1878. He held a similar post at Runcorn from 1887 to 1911; and was Rural Dean of Frodsham before his appointment to the Diocese of Chester's senior leadership team.

He died on 28 December 1918.

Christ's Hospital
Christ's Hospital is a public school (English fee-charging boarding school for pupils aged 11–18) with a royal charter, located to the south of Horsham in West Sussex.

The school was founded in 1552 and the royal charter granted in 1553 (26 June, 7 Edw. VI). Since its establishment, Christ's Hospital has been a charity school, with a core aim to offer children from disadvantaged backgrounds the chance of a better education.
Bangor Theological Seminary
Bangor Theological Seminary was an ecumenical seminary, founded in 1814 (1814), in the Congregational tradition of the United Church of Christ. Located in Bangor, Maine, and Portland, Maine, it was the only accredited graduate school of religion in Northern New England.

The seminary had campuses in Bangor and Portland, Maine. Its primary mission was preparation for Christian ministry and providing a general theological education. Graduate programs included the Master of Divinity (M.Div.), Master of Arts (MA) and the Doctor of Ministry (D.Min.) degrees. The school was accredited by the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada, New England Association of Schools and Colleges, and Maine Board of Education.  Bangor Theological Seminary was an official Open and Affirming seminary.

The school closed with its final commencement service on June 22, 2013.

Bowdoin College
Bowdoin College (/ˈboʊdɪn/ ⓘ BOH-din) is a private liberal arts college in Brunswick, Maine, United States. It was chartered in 1794.

In addition to its Brunswick campus, Bowdoin owns a 118-acre (48 ha) coastal studies center on Orr's Island and a 200-acre (81 ha) scientific field station on Kent Island in the Bay of Fundy.

The college was a founding member of its athletic conference, the New England Small College Athletic Conference, and the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium, an athletic conference and inter-library exchange with Bates College and Colby College. Bowdoin has over 30 varsity teams, and the school mascot was selected as a polar bear in 1913 to honor Robert Peary, a Bowdoin alumnus who claimed to have led the first successful expedition to the North Pole.
Snuka
Snuka is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Snuka Boy (born 1974), Japanese professional wrestler, known as Gentaro

Jimmy Snuka, Jr. (born 1971), American professional wrestler

Jimmy Snuka (1943–2017), Fijian professional wrestler and actor

Tamina Snuka (born 1978), American professional wrestler and actress

Terry Snuka (born 1964), American professional wrestler, known as Sabu

Tamina Snuka
Sarona Moana Marie Reiher Snuka-Polamalu (born January 10, 1978) is an American professional wrestler. She is signed to WWE where she performs under the ring name, Tamina, but has been inactive since March 2023.

The daughter of professional wrestler Jimmy Snuka, she began wrestling in 2009 and worked for World Xtreme Wrestling, and she signed a contract with WWE the following year. She is a former one-time WWE Women's Tag Team Champion (with Natalya) and a nine-time WWE 24/7 Champion. Snuka was last active on the March 3rd, 2023 edition of Main Event.
Leštiny
Leštiny (Hungarian: Lestin) is a village and municipality in Dolný Kubín District in the Žilina Region of northern Slovakia.

The village contains an Evangelical wooden church constructed in 1688-89 by local carpenters.

Dolný Kubín District
Dolný Kubín District (okres Dolný Kubín) is a district in
the Žilina Region of central Slovakia. The district is located in a hilly area north of the Malá Fatra and Choč mountain ranges. The engineering, electrical engineering, metallurgy and wood processing industries represent the core of this district's economy.  The district seat is its largest town Dolný Kubín.
Wełnica, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Wełnica [vɛu̯ˈnit͡sa] (German: Neue Walkmühle) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Czaplinek, within Drawsko County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) east of Czaplinek, 31 km (19 mi) east of Drawsko Pomorskie, and 113 km (70 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772-1945 Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Drahim County.

First Partition of Poland
The First Partition of Poland took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that eventually ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The growth of power in the Russian Empire threatened the Kingdom of Prussia and the Habsburg monarchy and was the primary motive behind the First Partition.

Frederick the Great, King in Prussia, engineered the partition to prevent Austria, which was envious of Russian successes against the Ottoman Empire, from going to war. Territories in Poland–Lithuania were divided by its more powerful neighbours (Austria, Russia and Prussia) to restore the regional balance of power in Central Europe among those three countries.

With Poland unable to defend itself effectively and foreign troops already inside the country, the Polish Sejm ratified the partition in 1773 during the Partition Sejm, which was convened by the three powers.
Collective work (US)
A collective work in the copyright law of the United States is a work that contains the works of several authors assembled and published into a collective whole. 
The owner of the work has the property rights in the collective work, but the authors of the individual works may retain rights in their contributions.
Electronic reproduction of the whole work is allowed, but electronic reproduction of the individual works on their own, outside the context of the work as a whole, may constitute an infringement of copyright.

Copyright Act of 1976
The Copyright Act of 1976 is a United States copyright law and remains the primary basis of copyright law in the United States, as amended by several later enacted copyright provisions. The Act spells out the basic rights of copyright holders, codified the doctrine of "fair use", and for most new copyrights adopted a unitary term based on the date of the author's death rather than the prior scheme of fixed initial and renewal terms. It became Public Law number 94-553 on October 19, 1976; most parts of the law went into effect on January 1, 1978.

U.S. Register of Copyrights Barbara Ringer and Congressman Robert Kastenmeier took central roles in drafting the statute.
Southwark School
Southwark School is a public K-8 school located in the Central South Philadelphia neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is a part of Philadelphia Public Schools.

Students zoned to Francis Scott Key School (K–6) are zoned to Southwark for grades 7–8. Students zoned to Southwark and to Key are also zoned to South Philadelphia High School.

K–8 school
K–8 schools, elementary-middle schools, or K–8 centers are schools in the United States that enroll students from kindergarten/pre-K (age 5–6) to 8th grade (up to age 14), combining the typical elementary school (K–5/6) and junior high or middle school (6/7–8).

As of 2007, many American private schools have K–8 configurations.
Combretum imberbe
Combretum imberbe (also known as leadwood or mhoba-hoba, Afrikaans: hardekool, Sotho: mohwelere-tšhipi, Tsonga: motswiri/mondzo, Zulu: impondondlovu) is a characteristic and often impressive bushwillow species of the southern Afrotropics. The medium to large tree has a sparse, semi-deciduous canopy of grey-green leaves. The twigs and leaves are hairless as the name imberbe suggests. Its heartwood is dark brown, close-grained, very hard and heavy, as suggested by its vernacular name "leadwood", and durable; it is much sought after in the woodcarving industry. The Hereros and Ovambos of Namibia attach special cultural and religious significance to the tree, as to them it is the great ancestor of all animals and people, which must be passed with respect.

Afrotropical realm
The Afrotropical realm is one of the Earth's eight biogeographic realms. It includes Sub-Saharan Africa, the southern Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, and the islands of the western Indian Ocean. It was formerly known as the Ethiopian Zone or Ethiopian Region.
Kase (surname)
Kase (written: 加瀬) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hideaki Kase (加瀬 英明, 1936–2022), Japanese diplomatic critic

Jiro Kase (加瀬 次郎, born 1954), Japanese judoka

Kanako Kase (加瀬 加奈子, born 1980), Japanese professional racing cyclist

Kiyoshi Kase (加瀬 清), Japanese sport wrestler

Max Kase (1897–1974), American newspaper editor

Ryō Kase (加瀬 亮, born 1974), Japanese actor

Shun'ichi Kase (加瀬 俊一, 1897–1956), Japanese diplomat

Taiji Kase (加瀬 泰治, 1929–2004), Japanese karate master

Toshikazu Kase (加瀬 俊一, 1903–2004), Japanese diplomat

Yasuyuki Kase (加瀬 康之, born 1971), Japanese voice actor

Shun'ichi Kase
Shun'ichi Kase (加瀬 俊一, Kase Shun'ichi, October 23, 1897– September 9, 1956) was a Japanese diplomat both during and after World War II.

Shun'ichi Kase was a secretary to Japanese Foreign Minister Yōsuke Matsuoka in 1941.  Then he was chargé d’affaires in Italy, as of 1943.  Subsequently, he served as Japanese Ambassador to Switzerland (in 1945), Japanese Ambassador to Mexico (in 1952), and Japanese Ambassador to West Germany (1953-1956).

The names Shun'ichi Kase and Toshikazu Kase are spelled in Japanese using the same characters, but are two different people. Toshikazu was a bureau chief in the foreign office in Tokyo who also served as secretary to several foreign ministers.
2017–2018 Massachusetts legislature
The 190th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 2017 and 2018 during the governorship of Charlie Baker. Harriette L. Chandler served as president of the Senate, and Robert DeLeo served as speaker of the House.

President of the Massachusetts Senate
The president of the Massachusetts Senate is the presiding officer.  Unlike the United States Congress, in which the vice president of the United States is the ex officio president of the United States Senate, in Massachusetts, the president of the Senate is elected from and by the senators. The president, therefore, typically comes from the majority party, and the president is then the de facto leader of that party.

The current president of the Massachusetts Senate, since July 26, 2018, is Karen Spilka, a Democrat from Ashland. Democrats have had a majority in the Senate since 1959. Notable former presidents of the Massachusetts Senate include U.S. president Calvin Coolidge.
The Bells of St. Mary's
The Bells of St. Mary's is a 1945 American comedy-drama film produced and directed by Leo McCarey and starring Bing Crosby and Ingrid Bergman. Written by Dudley Nichols and based on a story by McCarey, the film is about a priest and a nun who, despite their good-natured rivalry, try to save their parochial school from being shut down. The character Father O'Malley had been previously portrayed by Crosby in the 1944 film Going My Way, for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor. The film was produced by Leo McCarey's production company, Rainbow Productions.

Johnny Burke (lyricist)
John Francis Burke (October 3, 1908 – February 25, 1964) was an American lyricist, successful and prolific between the 1920s and 1950s. His work is considered part of the Great American Songbook.

His song "Swinging on a Star", from the Bing Crosby film Going My Way, won an Academy Award for Best Song in 1944.
Nueva Segovia
Nueva Segovia suburb (Segovia, Spain)

Nueva Segovia Department (Nicaragua)

Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nueva Segovia (Philippines)

City

Nueva Segovia, Nicaragua founded by Spanish colonists in Quilalí, in 1543, now called Ocotal

Lal-Lo, Cagayan, formerly named Nueva Segovia (Philippines)

The full name of Barquisimeto, Venezuela, is Nueva Segovia de Barquisimeto

Barquisimeto
Barquisimeto is the capital city of Lara and seat of the Iribarren Municipality in Venezuela. Barquisimeto is located in the Central-Western Region. The city is an important urban, industrial, commercial, musical, and transportational center in the country, recognized as the fourth-largest city by population after Caracas, Maracaibo, and Valencia. Barquisimeto is sometimes referred to as the "Music City of Venezuela" due to the large number of musical institutions there. Gustavo Dudamel, the director of the Simón Bolívar Symphony Orchestra and the Los Angeles Philharmonic, was born in the city.
Novolaspa
Novolaspa (Ukrainian: Новоласпа; Russian: Новоласпа; Urum: Йаны Ласпи) is a village in Kalmiuske Raion (district) in Donetsk Oblast of eastern Ukraine, at 75.2 km SSE from the centre of Donetsk city.

During the war in Donbas, that started in 2014, the village was taken under control of pro-Russian forces.

Kalmiuske Raion
Kalmiuske Raion (Ukrainian: Кальміуський район, romanized: Kalmiuskyi raion, Russian: Кальмиусский район, romanized: Kalmiussky rayon) is a prospective raion (district) of Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. It was formally created in July 2020 as part of the reform of administrative divisions of Ukraine. The center of the raion is in the city of Kalmiuske. Population: 120,769 (2022 estimate).

Until the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the village of Slavne was the only locality of the raion under Ukrainian government control. The raion is occupied by Russia, which continues to use the pre-2020 administrative divisions of Ukraine.