hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lamination
Lamination is the technique/process of manufacturing a material in multiple layers, so that the composite material achieves improved strength, stability, sound insulation, appearance, or other properties from the use of the differing materials, such as plastic. A laminate is a layered object or material assembled using heat, pressure, welding, or adhesives.  Various coating machines, machine presses and calendering equipment are used.

Lamination may be applied to textiles, glass, wood, or other materials. Laminating paper in plastic makes it sturdy, waterproof, and erasable. Laminating metals and electronic components may provide electrical insulation and other benefits.

Thermal energy
The term "thermal energy" is often used ambiguously in physics and engineering. It can denote several different physical concepts, including:

Internal energy: The energy contained within a body of matter or radiation, excluding the potential energy of the whole system.

Heat: Energy in transfer between a system and its surroundings by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work and transfer of matter.

The characteristic energy kBT, where T denotes temperature and kB denotes the Boltzmann constant; it is twice that associated with each degree of freedom.

Mark Zemansky (1970) has argued that the term "thermal energy" is best avoided due to its ambiguity. He suggests using more precise terms such as "internal energy" and "heat" to avoid confusion. The term is, however, used in some textbooks.
USS Fiske (DE-143)
USS Fiske (DE-143) was an Edsall-class destroyer escort built for the United States Navy during World War II. Named for Rear Admiral Bradley Allen Fiske, she was the first of two U.S. Naval vessels to bear the name. The vessel entered service in 1943 and served in the Atlantic Ocean during World War II as part of a hunter-killer anti-submarine group. On 2 August 1944, Fiske was sunk by a torpedo fired by the German submarine U-804. Thirty-three of the ship's crew were killed and a further 50 were injured.

Hunter-killer Group
Hunter-killer Groups, also known as Convoy Support Groups, were groups of anti-submarine warships that were used to attack submarines during World War II. The advances in signals intelligence such as high-frequency direction finding (Huff−Duff), in cryptological intelligence such as Ultra, and in detection technologies such as radar and sonar/ASDIC enabled the Allied navies to form flotillas to hunt submarines and sink them. Similar groups also existed during the Cold War. A hunter-killer group would typically be formed around an escort carrier to provide aerial reconnaissance and air cover, with a number of corvettes, destroyers, destroyer escorts, frigates, and/or United States Coast Guard Cutters armed with depth charges and Hedgehog anti-submarine mortars.
Regency seat
A regency seat (Indonesian: Ibu kota kabupaten) is a capital or seat of government of a regency in Indonesia. It is roughly equivalent of county seat in the United States or county town in the United Kingdom. Legally, regency seats are not administrative subdivisions of Indonesia and have no official boundaries. A regency seat may occupy an entire district (such as Sigli in Pidie Regency, Ngawi (town) in Ngawi Regency), a part of district (such as Sarilamak in Harau district, Lima Puluh Kota Regency), or several districts (such as Ungaran, which consists of West Ungaran district and East Ungaran district in  Semarang Regency).

The regent offices in most Indonesian regencies usually have Traditional design representing a Region, although dome in a roof sometimes can be added in some Indonesian regent offices, resembling a U.S. state capitol or a county courthouse.

Sarilamak
Sarilamak is a town in Lima Puluh Kota Regency, of West Sumatra province of Indonesia and it is the administrative seat (capital) of Lima Puluh Kota Regency.

0°09′S 100°40′E﻿ / ﻿0.150°S 100.667°E﻿ / -0.150; 100.667
Corporations Act 1718
The Corporations Act 1718 (5 Geo. 1. c. 6) was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain. The act stated that members of municipal corporations were no longer required to take the oath against resistance nor to sign the repudiation of the Solemn League and Covenant. No person would be removed or prosecuted if they failed to take the sacramental test "unless such person be removed or such prosecution be commenced within six months of such person's being placed or elected into his respective office".

Solemn League and Covenant
The Solemn League and Covenant was an agreement between the Scottish Covenanters and the leaders of the English Parliamentarians in 1643 during the First English Civil War, a theatre of conflict in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. On 17 August 1643, the Church of Scotland (the Kirk) accepted it and on 25 September 1643 so did the English Parliament and the Westminster Assembly.
Cladonia coniocraea
Cladonia coniocraea, commonly known as the common powderhorn or the powderhorn cup lichen, is a species of fruticose, cup lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. It was first described by  Heinrich Gustav Flörke in 1821 under the name Cenomyce coniocraea, until Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel reclassified it under the genus Cladonia in 1827.

As of July 2021, its conservation status has not been estimated by the IUCN. In Iceland, its conservation status is denoted as data deficient (DD).

Fruticose lichen
A fruticose lichen is a form of lichen fungi that is characterized by a coral-like shrubby or bushy growth structure. It is formed from a symbiotic relationship of a photobiont such as green algae or less commonly cyanobacteria and one, two or more mycobionts.  Fruticose lichens are not a monophyletic and holophyletic lineage, but are a form encountered in many classes.  Fruticose lichens have a complex vegetation structure, and are characterized by an ascending, bushy or pendulous appearance. As with other lichens, many fruticose lichens can endure high degrees of desiccation. They grow slowly and often occur in habitats such as on tree barks, on rock surfaces and on soils in the Arctic and mountain regions.
Schloss Biederstein
Schloss Biederstein (Palace Biederstein) was a palace complex in the Munich neighborhood of Schwabing.  It was located in the area of today's Biedersteiner Strasse and Biedersteiner Tunnel and north of the Kleinhesseloher See  in the Englischer Garten.  It consisted of two old buildings, the so-called Altes Schloss (Old Palace) and the Neues Schloss (New Palace).  Remains of the demolished  Schloss Biederstein include gate with pillars, brick pillared entry with pedestrian gate, custodian's house and are listed as protected monuments by the Bavarian State Office for Monument Protection, D-1-62-000-7888.

Schwabing
Schwabing (German pronunciation: [ˈʃvaːbɪŋ] ⓘ) is a borough in the northern part of Munich, the capital of the German state of Bavaria. It is part of the city borough 4 (Schwabing-West) and the city borough 12 (Schwabing-Freimann). The population of Schwabing is estimated at 100,000, making it one of the largest districts of Munich. The main boulevard is Leopoldstraße. (For further information on the Munich boroughs, see Boroughs of Munich.)
José Vicente Féliz
José Vicente Tomás Féliz y Esquer (c. 1741 – 1822) was a Spanish soldier and settler who was a member of the 1775–76 Anza expedition that brought the first settlers to California. In 1781, he was one of four soldiers which guarded the settlers which founded the settlement of El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles (the Town of Our Lady the Queen of the Angels), which would become Los Angeles. He took on a leadership role in the founding and governance of that pueblo, in essence becoming the city's first mayor, and was rewarded for his efforts with a Spanish land grant in the hills above Los Angeles, in the area of what today still bears his name: Los Feliz.

Land grant
A land grant is a gift of real estate—land or its use privileges—made by a government or other authority as an incentive, means of enabling works, or as a reward for services to an individual, especially in return for military service. Grants of land are also awarded to individuals and companies as incentives to develop unused land in relatively unpopulated countries; the process of awarding land grants are not limited to the countries named below. The United States historically gave out numerous land grants as homesteads to individuals desiring to make a farm. The American Industrial Revolution was guided by many supportive acts of legislatures (for example, the Main Line of Public Works legislation of 1863) promoting commerce or transportation infrastructure development by private companies, such as the Cumberland Road turnpike, the Lehigh Canal, the Schuylkill Canal and the many railroads that tied the young United States together.
Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics
The Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics (IAPCM) was established in 1958 in Beijing in the People's Republic of China. The institution conducts research on nuclear warhead design computations for the Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) in Mianyang, Sichuan and focuses on applied theoretical research and on the study of fundamental theories. Its main research fields include: Theoretical physics, nuclear fusion, plasma physics, nuclear physics, atomic molecular physics, laser physics, fluid dynamics, applied mathematics, and arms control science and technology.

The Federal Bureau of Investigation has stated that IAPCM has targeted U.S. defense labs for industrial espionage.

From August 2012, the director of the institute was LI Hua.

Industrial espionage
Industrial espionage, also known as economic espionage, corporate spying, or corporate espionage, refers to the systematic and unauthorized acquisition of sensitive business information. This practice typically targets trade secrets, proprietary operational data, and intellectual property belonging to competitors or other organizations. The information is gathered with the intent to gain a competitive advantage, facilitate business decision-making, or for commercial sale to interested parties. Industrial espionage is conducted by various actors, including current or former employees, contractors, corporate competitors, foreign governments, and criminal organizations, and is universally recognized as both illegal and unethical.

While political espionage is conducted or orchestrated by governments and is international in scope, industrial or corporate espionage is more often national and occurs between companies or corporations.
MEDFORIST
MEDFORIST is a project aimed at implementing a Euro-Mediterranean network for sharing information systems and technology (IST) resources. Started in August 2002, MEDFORIST is a project of the Euro-Mediterranean Information Society (EUMEDIS), an initiative of the European Union, ultimately aimed at establishing an EU-MED free trade zone by 2010 and setting up an information network system among European and Mediterranean universities and institutes in the field of information technology (IT). The project is coordinated by Centre TIME of the Grenoble école de management.

System resource
A computer system resource is any hardware or software aspect of limited availability that is accessible to a computer system. Like any resource, computer system resources can be exhausted, and issues arise due to scarcity.

Resource management, a key aspect of designing hardware and software, includes preventing resource leaks (not releasing a resource done with it) and handling resource contention (when multiple processes want to access the same resource). Computing resources are used in cloud computing to provide services through networks.
1968 Sudanese parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Sudan between 12 April and 2 May 1968. The election followed the resignation of a third of the members of the Assembly elected in 1965. The result was a victory for the new Democratic Unionist Party, formed by a merger of the National Unionist Party and the People's Democratic Party in December 1967 and led by President Ismail al-Azhari, which won 101 of the 218 seats. Voter turnout was 61.0%.

In contrast, since the last election the Umma Party had fractured, with competing wings being led by Sadiq al-Mahdi and Imam al-Hadi al-Mahdi. Whilst Sadiq's Umma party emerged as the stronger of the two wings, Sadiq actually lost his own seat in the election to a rival from the Imam wing. In total the various Umma party affiliates won some 827,289 votes, or 45.46% of the vote, compared to the 40.8% won by the DUP. The Umma affiliates won only 72 seats, in contrast to the 90 seats won at the previous election.

People's Democratic Party (Sudan)
The People's Democratic Party was a political party in Sudan. It was formed in 1956 following a split in the National Unionist Party (NUP). Those who left the NUP to form the PDP were largely members of the Khatmiyya Sufi order. After a period of siding with the Umma party, the PDP would later realign with the NUP, and the two parties merged in 1968 to form the Democratic Unionist Party.
Peripsocus consobrinus
Peripsocus consobrinus is a species of Psocoptera from the Peripsocidae family. It is known from the type locality in Somerset, Britain I. and Scotland. The species is 3.5 millimetres (0.14 in) long with dark forewings.

Britain I.
Britain I. is a distribution area defined in the Fauna Europaea database. It comprises the island of Great Britain and all surrounding islands and island groups including Orkney, Shetland, the Outer and Inner Hebrides, Anglesey and the Isles of Scilly. The Isle of Man is also included in the distribution area.

The following territories have their own defined distribution areas and are not included in Britain I.:

Northern Ireland

Republic of Ireland

Channel Islands
Mississippi College Choctaws
The Mississippi College Choctaws are the athletic teams that represent Mississippi College, located in Clinton, Mississippi, in intercollegiate sports at the Division II level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Choctaws have primarily competed in the Gulf South Conference since the 2014–15 academic year.

Mississippi College competes in 18 intercollegiate varsity sports. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, football, golf, soccer, tennis, and track and field (indoor and outdoor); while women's sports include basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, softball, tennis, track and field (indoor and outdoor), and volleyball.

Mississippi College
Mississippi College (MC) is a private university affiliated with the Mississippi Baptist Convention and located in Clinton, Mississippi, United States. Founded in 1826, MC is the second oldest Baptist-affiliated college or university in the United States and the oldest college or university in Mississippi.
East African coral coast
The East African coral coast is a marine ecoregion along the eastern coast of Africa. It extends along the coasts of Kenya, Tanzania, and northern Mozambique, from Lamu in Kenya (2º30' S) to Angoche in Mozambique (16°14 S). It adjoins the Northern Monsoon Current Coast ecoregion to the north, and the Bight of Sofala/Swamp Coast ecoregion to the south.

Lamu
Lamu or Lamu Town is a small town on Lamu Island, which in turn is a part of the Lamu Archipelago in Kenya. Situated 341 kilometres (212 mi) by road northeast of Mombasa that ends at Mokowe Jetty, from where the sea channel has to be crossed to reach Lamu Island, it is the headquarter of Lamu County and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The town contains the Lamu Fort on the seafront, constructed under Fumo Madi ibn Abi Bakr, the Sultan of Pate, and was completed after his death in the early 1820s. Lamu is also home to 23 mosques, including the Riyadha Mosque, built in 1900, and a donkey sanctuary.
Hurricane (Halsey song)
"Hurricane" is a song by American singer and songwriter Halsey. First appearing on her extended play (EP), Room 93 (2014), the song was re-released on her debut studio album, Badlands (2015). The song was written by Halsey and Tim Anderson. It was released as a promotional single on October 11, 2014. The Arty remix was featured in the 2016 film Nerve starring Emma Roberts and Dave Franco.

Nerve (2016 film)
Nerve is a 2016 American techno-thriller adventure film directed by Henry Joost and Ariel Schulman, and written by Jessica Sharzer, based on the 2012 novel. The film stars Emma Roberts, Dave Franco, and Juliette Lewis, and revolves around an online dare game, which allows people to enlist as "players" or "watchers", and as the game progresses, the players are contacted and invited to participate in more dangerous dares than their prior ones.

The film premiered at the SVA Theater on July 12, 2016, and was released theatrically in the United States on July 27 by Lionsgate. It received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $85 million against a $19 million budget.
Redmond Town Center
Redmond Town Center is a mixed-use development and shopping center in downtown Redmond, Washington. Owned and managed by Fairbourne Properties, Redmond Town Center has more than 110 shops, restaurants, lodging, and entertainment venues in an outdoor environment. It opened in 1997 on the site of a defunct municipal golf course along the north side of State Route 520.

DRA Advisors and JSH acquired the retail component of the Redmond Town Center in 2013, shortly after Shorenstein Properties bought the office portion, which Microsoft and AT&T occupy. In late 2019, the retail portion was sold to Fairbourne Properties.

Bed Bath & Beyond
Bed Bath & Beyond was an American big-box retail chain specializing in housewares, furniture, and specialty items. Headquartered in Union, New Jersey, the chain operated stores in the United States and Canada, and was once counted among the Fortune 500 and the Forbes Global 2000. The chain filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in April 2023 and liquidated all of its remaining stores, with the last closing on July 30, 2023. Following the retail chain's liquidation, its name was adopted by online retailer Overstock.com, which acquired Bed Bath and Beyond's trademarks in a bankruptcy auction. The name is also still used by the chain's former Mexican division, which is now independent.
Tryptic soy-serum-bacitracin-vancomycin
Tryptic soy-serum-bacitracin-vancomycin (TSBV) is a type of agar plate medium used in microbiological testing to select for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. a.).  It was described by Jørgen Slots in 1982, who also discovered the role of A.a. in periodontitis.

Per litre, TSBV contains:

40 g tryptic soy agar

1 g yeast extract

100 mL horse serum

75 mg bacitracin

5 mg vancomycin

Bacitracin
Bacitracin is a polypeptide antibiotic. It is a mixture of related cyclic peptides produced by Bacillus licheniformis bacteria, that was first isolated from the variety "Tracy I" (ATCC 10716) in 1945. These peptides disrupt Gram-positive bacteria by interfering with cell wall and peptidoglycan synthesis.

Bacitracin is primarily used as a topical preparation, as it can cause kidney damage when used internally. It is generally safe when used topically, but in rare cases may cause hypersensitivity, allergic or anaphylactic reactions, especially in people allergic to neomycin.

In 2023, it was the 323rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 100,000 prescriptions.
Time Machine (group)
Time Machine is American Independent Hip Hop group composed of DJ Mekalek (Matthew Katz), Stoerok (Mike Puretz),  Jaysonic (Jason Shechtman) and Comel (Eric Latham). The group formed in 1999 in Washington, D.C.

Ed O.G.
Edward Anderson (born November 27, 1970) is a rapper from Boston, Massachusetts, better known by his stage name  Ed O.G.. Edo is the seniormost hip-hop artist from Boston (if not from anywhere in Massachusetts), in the sense that he was the first to gain recognition in New York City and in the wider United States of America, and remains one of the best-known Boston rap artists internationally, having collaborated with large numbers of independent rap artists all over the globe. He is additionally known by the name Edo G., which was initially a misspelling by a record label but has endured.
E-tran
e-tran was the public transit system for the city of Elk Grove, California and parts of south Sacramento. Public transit in these areas was operated by Sacramento Regional Transit District (SacRT) until 2005, when E-tran began operation under the City of Elk Grove, with bus operations contracted to MV Transportation; subsequently, SacRT took up the contract to operate E-tran in 2019 and then re-annexed E-tran in 2021.

Cosumnes River College
Cosumnes River College is a public community college in Sacramento, California. It opened in 1970, taking its name from the Cosumnes River, which flows a few miles to the south. As of Fall 2018, enrollment was at 14,439 students at its main and satellite campus in Elk Grove, California. The college is part of the Los Rios Community College District and part of 4 colleges under the district after Folsom Lake College, a former satellite campus, attained independence in 2004.
Tangyuan (food)
Tangyuan, also translated as sweet dumplings, are a traditional Chinese dessert made of glutinous rice shaped into balls that are served in a hot broth or syrup. They come in varying sizes, anything between a marble to a ping-pong ball, and are often stuffed with filling. Tangyuan are traditionally eaten during the Lantern Festival, but because the name is a homophone for reunion (traditional Chinese: 團圓; simplified Chinese: 团圆; pinyin: tuányuán) and symbolizes togetherness and completeness, this dish is also served at weddings, family reunions, Chinese New Year, and the Dōngzhì (winter solstice) festival.

Homophone
A homophone (/ˈhɒməfoʊn, ˈhoʊmə-/) is a word that is pronounced the same as another word but differs in meaning or in spelling. The two words may be spelled the same, for example rose (flower) and rose (past tense of "rise"), or spelled differently, as in rain, reign, and rein. The term homophone sometimes applies to units longer or shorter than words, for example a phrase, letter, or groups of letters which are pronounced the same as a counterpart. Any unit with this property is said to be homophonous (/həˈmɒfənəs/).

Homophones that are spelled the same are both homographs and homonyms. For example, the word read, in "He is well read" and in "Yesterday, I read that book".

Homophones that are spelled differently are also called heterographs, e.g. to, too, and two.
Igor Karpenko
Igor Vasilovich Karpenko (Ігор Васильович Карпенко, Ihor Vasylyovych Karpenko; born July 23 1976) is a Ukrainian former professional ice hockey goaltender who last played for Sokil Kyiv of the Professional Hockey League. He was selected 185th overall by the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim in the 1995 NHL Entry Draft and spent one season in North America playing for minor league teams. However the majority of his career was spent in Europe, playing for teams in Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine. Internationally Karpenko represented Ukraine in multiple World Championships both at the junior and senior level, and played in the 2002 Winter Olympics.

Ice hockey at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Hockey at the 2002 Winter Olympics was held at the E Center in West Valley City and Peaks Ice Arena in Provo, Utah, United States. The men's and women's tournaments were won by Canada, defeating the hosts United States in both finals. Sweden won the bronze medal in the women's tournament and Russia in the men's tournament.