hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Conservation biology
Conservation biology is the study of the conservation of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management.

The conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology.

Biomass
Biomass is material produced by the growth of microorganisms, plants or animals. Beyond this general definition, there are differences in how the term is used and applied depending on industry or subject-matter norms. For example, it may be more narrowly defined as just plant matter, or as a combination of plant and animal matter.
Gustakh
Gustakh (Urdu: گستاخ, lit. 'Impudent') previously titled Shaam Se Pehlay is a Pakistani television drama serial, produced under the banner of Aijaz Aslam's production house, Ice Entertainment & Media. It is written by Saima Akram Chudhery of Suno Chanda fame and directed by Najaf Bilgrami. It stars Faysal Quraishi, Yashma Gill, Faryal Mehmood, Jinaan Hussain and Muhammad Faizan Sheikh. It aired on Express Entertainment from July 2020 to January 2021.

Aijaz Aslam
Aijaz Aslam (born 3 October 1966) (Urdu: اعجاز اسلم) is a Pakistani television actor, model, fashion designer and entrepreneur.

He is best known for playing the lead in his drama debut Kashkol, which was telecasted on NTM in 1993, in PTV's 2003 drama Mehndi and Geo TV's 2011 sitcom Kis Din Mera Viyah Howay Ga.
American Statesmanship Park
American Statesmanship Park, also known as "Mount Rush Hour", is a park in Houston, Texas. Located at the intersection of Interstate 10 and Interstate 45, the park has a series of four 18-foot, two-ton busts depicting Stephen F. Austin, Sam Houston, Abraham Lincoln, and George Washington. The sculptures, known as A Tribute to American Statesmanship, were created in 2008 and donated to Harris County in November 2012 by artist David Adickes.

Harris County, Texas
Harris County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,731,145, and was estimated to be 5,009,302 in 2024, making it the most populous county in Texas and the third-most populous county in the United States. Its county seat is Houston, the most populous city in Texas and the fourth-most populous city in the United States. The county was founded on December 22, 1836 and organized on March 10, 1837. It is named for John Richardson Harris, who founded the town of Harrisburg on Buffalo Bayou in 1826. It contains over 16% of the state's population. Harris County is included in the nine-county Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan statistical area, which is the fifth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States.
20 Camelopardalis
20 Camelopardalis (20 Cam) is a solitary star in the circumpolar constellation Camelopardalis. It has an apparent magnitude of 7.45, making it readily visible in binoculars but not to the naked eye. Located about 880 light years away, it is approaching the Solar System with a radial velocity of −50.3 km/s. Due to its faintness, 20 Cam is one of the 220 Flamsteed stars without Bright Star Catalog designations.

20 Cam is a red clump giant star with a spectral classification of G8 II-III. It has a measured angular diameter of 0.44 mas, with an actual radius of 13 R☉ at its estimated distance. It has 1.83 times the mass of the Sun and shines at 142 times the luminosity of the Sun from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,064 K, giving it a yellow glow. 20 Cam's metallicity – elements heavier than helium – is around solar level.

Metre per second
The metre per second  is the unit of both speed (a scalar quantity) and velocity (a vector quantity, which has direction and magnitude) in the International System of Units (SI), equal to the speed of a body covering a distance of one metre in a time of one second. As the base unit for speed in the SI, it is commonly used in physics, mechanics, and engineering contexts. It represents both scalar speed and vector velocity, depending on context. According to the definition of metre, 1 m/s is exactly ⁠1/299792458⁠ of the speed of light.

The SI unit symbols are m/s, m·s−1, m s−1, or ⁠m/s⁠.
Sthananga Sutra
Sthananga Sutra (Sanskrit: Sthānāṅgasūtra; Prakrit: Ṭhāṇaṃgasutta) (c. 4th–3rd century BCE) forms part of the first eleven Angas of the Jaina Canon which have survived despite the bad effects of this Hundavasarpini kala as per the Śvetāmbara belief. This is the reason why, under the leadership of Devardhigani Ksamasramana, the eleven Angas of the Śvetāmbara canon were formalised and reduced to writing. This took place at Valabhi 993 years after Māhavīra's nirvana. (466 CE). In the vacana held at Valabhi, in Gujarat, the Sthananga Sutra was finalised and redacted. The language used is Ardhamāgadhī Prakrit. The mula sutras of the Sthananga Sutra are difficult to understand without the help of a commentary or tika. Hence, in the 11th century CE, Abhayadevasuri wrote a comprehensive Sanskrit gloss on the Sthananga Sutra.

Anga
Anga was an ancient Indo-Aryan tribe of eastern South Asia whose existence is attested during the Iron Age. The members of the Aṅga tribe were called the Āṅgeyas.

Counted among the "sixteen great nations" in Buddhist texts like the Anguttara Nikaya, Aṅga also finds mention in the Jain Vyakhyaprajnapti's list of ancient janapadas.
Stefan Grozdanov
Stefan Stoyanov Grozdanov (Bulgarian: Стефан Стоянов Грозданов) (born 13 March 1946) is a Bulgarian former football player and manager. He coached Bdin Vidin, Hebar Pazardzhik, Septemvri Sofia, Velbazhd Kyustendil, and Spartak Varna.

Velbazhd Kyustendil
Velbazhd Kyustendil (Bulgarian: Велбъжд Кюстендил) is a Bulgarian professional association football club based in Kyustendil. The club currently competes in the A RFG Kyustendil, the fourth tier of Bulgarian football.

The club was founded in 1919. Velbazhd have spent most of their playing history between the second and third tiers of the Bulgarian football league system. The club first won promotion to the A Group in 1954, and have played a total of 7 seasons in the top flight, with the longest continuous spell being six seasons (1995–2001). This is generally seen as the club's most successful period. Velbazhd finished third in A Group in 1999, 2000 and 2001, competed in the Intertoto Cup in the 2000–01 season, and reached the Bulgarian Cup final in 2001.
Idicia
Idicia is an extinct genus of Palaeogene rodents belonging to the family Theridomyidae. The genus and its sole species Idicia vidalenci were both named by Monique Vianey-Liaud et al. in 2024 based on some holotype dentition from the French locality of Lavergne, dating to the middle Eocene. It was named in honor of Dominique Vidalenc, who discovered the holotype material. It is diagnosed as being a medium-sized and brachyodont (low-crowned) theridomyid with various specific morphologies of its cuspids. A wide range of other faunas were recovered form Lavergne along with Idicia such as the herpetotheriid Peratherium, nyctithere Saturninia, omomyid Necrolemur, carnivoraforme Quercygale, tapirulid Tapirulus, and the palaeothere Palaeotherium.

Necrolemur
Necrolemur is a small bodied omomyid with body mass estimations ranging from 114–346 g (4.0–12.2 oz). Necrolemur’s teeth feature broad basins and blunt cusps, suggesting their diet consisted of mostly soft fruit, though examination of microwear patterns suggests that populations from lower latitudes also consumed insects and gums.

While they do not sport a true tooth comb like modern lemurs, microwear patterns on their lower incisors suggest they engaged in fur grooming behaviors. Like tarsiers, Necrolemur had large, front-facing, close set eyes and were likely nocturnal. Analysis of cranial and postcranial fossils by paleontologists suggest members of the family Omomyidae, including the genus Necrolemur, possessed highly specialized adaptations for leaping.
Syed Muhammad Ishaq
Syed Muhammad Ishaq (Bengali: সৈয়দ মুহম্মদ এছহাক; 1915 – 1977) was a Bangladeshi Islamic scholar, author, mufassir, debator and educationist. He was a disciple of Ibrahim Ujani. He was the inaugural Pir of Charmonai, having founded the Charmonai Darbar Sharif and Jamia Rashidia Ahsanabad, one of the largest Islamic institutions in South Bengal. He was succeeded by his son, Syed Fazlul Karim, and became posthumously known by his followers as Dada Huzur.

South Bengal
South Bengal (Bengali: দক্ষিণবঙ্গ/দক্ষিণ বাংলা) is a term used for the southern parts of Bengal including Southern Bangladesh and Southern West Bengal, state in India.

The Bangladesh part denotes the Khulna Division, Faridpur Division and Barisal Division. The West Bengal part denotes the Presidency Division, Burdwan Division, Medinipur Division and Murshidabad district of Malda Division. Bay of Bengal is located at the end of southern part of Bangladesh and West Bengal.
Chorthippus dorsatus
Chorthippus dorsatus is a species belonging to the family Acrididae, subfamily Gomphocerinae. It is found across the Palearctic. The species lives in Central Europe usually at altitudes 500–800 meters, in Switzerland it rises to 1800, in Bulgaria also over 2200 meters. Humid to moist meadows are preferred, especially around moors, but the species is also found on moderately dry meadows. Heavily agricultural or fertilized meadows are avoided.

Gomphocerinae
Gomphocerinae, sometimes called "slant-faced grasshoppers", are a subfamily of grasshoppers found in every continent except Antarctica and Australia. There are at least 192 genera in this subfamily, further dividing into at least 1,274 species. Gomphocerinae species are most often found in swamp, desert, tundra and tropical rainforest environments. The defining characteristic of these insects is the uniformity and location of their femoral stridulatory mechanism.
Franklin Lakes Nature Preserve
Franklin Lakes Nature Preserve is a 147 acre public nature reserve located mostly within Franklin Lakes, New Jersey, with a tiny portion extending into North Haledon, New Jersey.   Situated between the First and Second ridges of the northern Watchung Mountains, the preserve occupies the site of the former Haledon Reservoir, which previously supplied water to North Haledon, Haledon, and Prospect Park.  Passive recreation opportunities include hiking, fishing, and bird watching.

Haledon, New Jersey
Haledon (English pronunciation: /ˈheɪldən/ ⓘ ) is a borough in Passaic County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 9,052, an increase of 734 (+8.8%) from the 2010 census count of 8,318, which in turn reflected an increase of 66 (+0.8%) from the 8,252 counted in the 2000 census.

Haledon was incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 8, 1908, replacing the now-defunct Manchester Township, based on the results of a referendum held on May 21, 1908.
Tim Hyde
Timothy Joseph Hyde (1908–1967) was an Irish National Hunt racing jockey during the 1930s and 1940s.

Hyde began his career in show jumping before becoming an amateur jockey in National Hunt racing. After turning professional he had immediate success, winning the Irish Grand National in 1938 on Clare County and the Grand National in 1939 on Workman. He then became the regular partner of Prince Regent who won the Irish Grand National and the Cheltenham Gold Cup.

In 1951 he suffered a fall while showjumping, which left him partially paralysed for the rest of his life. Despite using a wheelchair, he trained horses for several years at Camas Park stables in Cashel, County Tipperary.

His son, also named Tim, became a very successful bloodstock agent and breeder.

His grandson and great-grandson are also named Tim, and have continued the family tradition of riding a winner.

Hyde died in 1967.

Cheltenham Gold Cup
51°55′13″N 2°3′28″W﻿ / ﻿51.92028°N 2.05778°W﻿ / 51.92028; -2.05778

The Cheltenham Gold Cup is a Grade 1 National Hunt horse race run on the New Course at Cheltenham Racecourse in England, over a distance of about 3 miles 2½ furlongs (3 miles 2 furlongs and 70 yards, or 5,294 m), and during its running there are 22 fences to be jumped. The race takes place each year during the Cheltenham Festival in March.

The steeplechase, which is open to horses aged five years and over, is the most prestigious of all National Hunt events and it is sometimes referred to as the Blue Riband of jump-racing. Its roll of honour features the names of such chasers as Arkle, Best Mate, Golden Miller, Kauto Star, Denman and Mill House. The Gold Cup is the most valuable non-handicap chase in Britain, and in 2025 it offered a total prize fund of £625,000.
The Sound of Drums (album)
The Sound of Drums is a double album by Australian electronic rock band Rogue Traders, including their debut compilation album The Greatest Hits and the fourth studio album Night of the Living Drums. The album did not chart in Australia.  The album's title is a reference to the Doctor Who episode of the same name, which featured "Voodoo Child" prominently.

The Sound of Drums
"The Sound of Drums" is the twelfth episode of the third series of the revived British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It was broadcast on BBC One on 23 June 2007. It is the second of three episodes that form a linked narrative, following "Utopia" and followed by "Last of the Time Lords".

In the episode, set in the 21st century, the alien time traveller the Master (John Simm) uses a network of mobile phone satellites to hypnotise the world and influence the population of the United Kingdom into electing him Prime Minister. Following the election, he makes contact with an invading race he calls the Toclafane.
Gong Qiuwen
Gong Qiuwen (born June 13, 1993, in Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang) is a Chinese former male short track speed skater. He competed in the 2011–12 World Cup, finishing twince in top-3, and at the 2012 World Championships, finishing 4th in 500 m race. He was also named to the Chinese team at the 2011 Asian Winter Games.

2011–12 ISU Short Track Speed Skating World Cup
The 2011–12 ISU Short Track Speed Skating World Cup was a multi-race tournament over a season for short track speed skating. The season began on 22 October 2011 and ended on 12 February 2012. The World Cup was organised by the International Skating Union (ISU) who also ran world cups and championships in speed skating and figure skating.
1984 Donnay Indoor Championships – Doubles
Heinz Günthardt and Balázs Taróczy were the defending champions, but lost in the semifinals this year.

Tim Gullikson and Tom Gullikson won the title, defeating Kevin Curren and Steve Denton 6–4, 6–7, 7–6 in the final.

Kevin Curren
Kevin Melvyn Curren (born 2 March 1958) is a South African former professional tennis player. He played in two Grand Slam singles finals and won four Grand Slam doubles titles, reaching a career-high singles ranking of world No. 5 in July 1985. During his career he won 5 singles and 16 doubles titles.
HMS Cawsand Bay
HMS Cawsand Bay was a Bay-class anti-aircraft frigate of the British Royal Navy, named for Cawsand Bay in Cornwall.

The ship was originally ordered from the Blyth Shipbuilding Company of Blyth, Northumberland on 25 January 1943 as the Loch-class frigate Loch Rowan, and laid down on 24 April 1944. However the contract was then changed, and the ship was completed to a revised design as a Bay-class anti-aircraft frigate, launched on 26 February 1945, and completed on 13 November 1945.

Cawsand Bay
50°19′48″N 4°12′00″W﻿ / ﻿50.330°N 4.200°W﻿ / 50.330; -4.200

Cawsand Bay is a bay on the southeast coast of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.

The bay takes its name from the village Cawsand at grid reference SX 434 503, to the northeast of the Rame Peninsula. Cawsand Bay is oriented north–south, opening eastward into Plymouth Sound about 3 miles (5 km) south-southwest of Plymouth, as the crow flies.

Cawsand Bay is about one mile (1.6 km) across and about a mile-and-a-half (2.4 km) wide across its mouth and is bounded by Penlee Point to the south.

A once-popular ballad entitled "Harry Grady and Miss Elinor Ford, the Rich Heiress" appeared as early as 1840 in Hamilton Moore's Nautical Sketches (William Edward Painter, 1840). It was included under the title "Cawsand Bay" in Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch's The Oxford Book of Ballads (Clarendon Press, 1910).
Communes of the Deux-Sèvres department
The following is a list of the 252 communes of the Deux-Sèvres department of France.

The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2025):

Communauté d'agglomération du Bocage Bressuirais

Communauté d'agglomération du Niortais

Communauté de communes Airvaudais-Val du Thouet

Communauté de communes Haut Val de Sèvre

Communauté de communes Mellois en Poitou

Communauté de communes de Parthenay-Gâtine

Communauté de communes du Thouarsais

Communauté de communes Val-de-Gâtine

Communauté d'agglomération du Niortais
The Communauté d'agglomération du Niortais is the communauté d'agglomération, an intercommunal structure, centred on the city of Niort. It is located in the Deux-Sèvres department, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, western France. It was created in January 2014 by the merger of the former Communauté d'agglomération de Niort with the former communauté de communes Plaine de Courances and the commune Germond-Rouvre. Its seat is in Niort. Its area is 815.4 km2. Its population was 120,733 in 2017, with 58,707 residing in Niort proper.
Jae-woo
Jae-woo is a Korean given name.

People with this name include:

Gwak Jae-u (1552–1617), Joseon Dynasty general

Lee Jae-woo (handballer) (born 1979), South Korean handball player

Lee Jae-woo (baseball) (born 1980), South Korean baseball player

Lee Jae-woo (badminton) (born 1992), South Korean badminton player

Bae Jae-woo (born 1993), South Korean football player

Choi Jae-woo (born 1994), South Korean freestyle skier

Kim Jae-woo (born 1998), South Korean football player

Kwak Chaeu
Kwak Chaeu (Korean: 곽재우; Hanja: 郭再祐; 1552–1617) was a Korean military general from Uiryeong. He was called the "Red Robe General" (천강홍의장군; 天降紅衣將軍) after his habit of wearing a coat made of red silk. In 1592, nine days into the Imjin War, he formed a righteous army to fight against the Japanese army. He originally did not have an official position, but King Seonjo of Joseon granted him a government position.
Y Gors, Ceredigion
Y Gors is a hamlet in the  community of Trawsgoed, Ceredigion, Wales, which is 71.5 miles (115.1 km) from Cardiff and 176.1 miles (283.4 km) from London. Y Gors is represented in the Senedd by Elin Jones (Plaid Cymru) and is part of the Ceredigion Preseli constituency in the House of Commons.

Elin Jones
Elin Jones (born 1 September 1966), PC  MS is a Welsh politician who has served as the Llywydd of the Senedd since 2016. A member of Plaid Cymru, Jones has been the Member of the Senedd (MS) for Ceredigion since 1999.
Uglem
Uglem is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gerald Uglem (born 1947), American politician

Kari Uglem (born 1970), Norwegian cross-country skier

Mark Uglem (born 1951), American politician

Gerald Uglem
Gerald Uglem (born September 18, 1947) is an American politician who served in the North Dakota House of Representatives from the 19th district from 2002 to 2010 and in the North Dakota Senate from the 19th district from 2010 to 2012.
William McFatridge
William McFatridge was an American politician who served as a member of the Illinois House of Representatives.

He served as a state representative representing Johnson County in the 2nd Illinois General Assembly and 3rd Illinois General Assembly.

3rd Illinois General Assembly
The 3rd Illinois General Assembly, consisting of the Illinois State Senate and the Illinois House of Representatives, met from December 2, 1822, to February 18, 1823, during the first two years of Edward Coles' governorship,  at The Vandalia State House.  The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the provisions of the First Illinois Constitution. Political parties were not established in the State at the time.

The 3rd General Assembly was preceded by the 2nd Illinois General Assembly, and was succeeded by the 4th Illinois General Assembly.
Cigarettes & Coffee
Cigarettes & Coffee is a 1993 short film written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson, and starring Philip Baker Hall. It tells the story of five people connected through a $20 bill. Anderson later used it as a basis for his directorial debut film Hard Eight.

Miguel Ferrer
Miguel José Ferrer (February 7, 1955 – January 19, 2017) was an American actor. His breakthrough role was as Bob Morton in the 1987 film RoboCop. Other film roles include Harbinger in Hot Shots! Part Deux (1993), Quigley in Blank Check, Eduardo Ruiz in Traffic (2000) and Vice President Rodriguez in Iron Man 3 (2013). Ferrer's notable television roles include FBI Agent Albert Rosenfield on Twin Peaks (1990–1991, 2017), Dr. Garret Macy on Crossing Jordan (2001–2007) and NCIS Assistant Director Owen Granger on NCIS: Los Angeles (2012–2017).

Ferrer also performed voice acting in animated projects, including Shan Yu in Mulan (1998), Tarakudo on Jackie Chan Adventures (2000–2005), Vandal Savage in Young Justice (2010–2012), and Delgado in Beverly Hills Chihuahua 2 (2011).
Black Mountain Archeological District
The Black Mountain Archeological District is a region of the Bighorn Basin near Shell, Wyoming that contains archeological sites associated with chert deposits used in making tools and weapons. It covers 530 acres (210 ha).

The area was occupied from about 11,500 years ago in the Paleoindian Period to the Late Prehistoric Period of 1500 to 400 years ago. The sites have not yielded more recent artifacts.

The area contains six rock shelters, two campsites at canyon bottoms and one interfluve campsite, as well as the Black Mountain and East Spring Creek chert quarries. The local chert comes from the Phosphoria Formation, and is red in color.

The district was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 2, 1987.

Shell, Wyoming
Shell is a census-designated place (CDP) in Big Horn County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 83 at the 2010 Census.

The community is named for the abundance of fossil shells located in the area. Nearby exposed formations such as the Cloverly Formation and the Morrison Formation have yielded numerous fossils of dinosaurs and other animals.  Located to the west of the town is the Red Gulch Dinosaur Tracksite, a rare collection of dinosaur tracks from the Jurassic period.

Shell is home to the Iowa State University geology field station.
Bullfinch-class destroyer
Two Bullfinch-class destroyers served with the British Royal Navy; Bullfinch and Dove were both built by Earle's Shipbuilding company in Hull in 1898.  They were 345-ton class C-class destroyers, sporting three funnels, and capable of a speed of 30 knots (56 km/h), thanks to their Thornycroft boilers.  They were 210 feet long, generated 5,800 HP and carried a full complement of 63 officers and men.  They were distinguished from other similar C-class ships by their flat-sided centre funnels and conspicuous steam pipes.  They were armed with the standard twelve-pounder and two torpedo tubes, and served through the Great War, being broken up after the end of hostilities.

HMS Bullfinch (1898)
HMS Bullfinch was a three-funnel, 30-knot destroyer ordered by the Royal Navy under the 1896–1897 Naval Estimates. She was the third ship to carry this name since it was introduced in 1857 for a 4-gun wooden-screw gunboat.