hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tax resistance
Tax resistance (also known as a tax strike or tax revolt) is the refusal to pay tax because of opposition to the government that is imposing the tax, or to government policy, or as opposition to taxation in itself. Tax resistance is a form of direct action and, if in violation of the tax regulations, also a form of civil disobedience. Tax resisters are distinct from "tax protesters", who deny that the legal obligation to pay taxes exists or applies to them. Tax resisters may accept that some law commands them to pay taxes but they still choose to resist taxation.

Examples of tax resistance campaigns include those advocating home rule, such as the Salt March led by Mahatma Gandhi, and those promoting women's suffrage, such as the Women's Tax Resistance League. War tax resistance is the refusal to pay some or all taxes that pay for war and may be practiced by conscientious objectors, pacifists, or those protesting against a particular war.

Conscientious objector
A conscientious objector is an "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service" on the grounds of freedom of conscience or religion. The term has also been extended to objecting to working for the military–industrial complex due to a crisis of conscience. In some countries, conscientious objectors are assigned to an alternative civilian service as a substitute for conscription or military service.

A number of organizations around the world celebrate the principle on May 15 as International Conscientious Objection Day.

On March 8, 1995, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights resolution 1995/83 stated that "persons performing military service should not be excluded from the right to have conscientious objections to military service". This was re-affirmed on April 22, 1998, when resolution 1998/77 recognized that "persons [already] performing military service may develop conscientious objections".
The Turn of the Screw (play)
The Turn of the Screw is a theatrical adaptation by Jeffrey Hatcher of the 1898 novella of the same name by Henry James. Hatcher developed the adaptation with the Portland Stage Company as part of its Little Festival of the Unexpected program in 1995, and it debuted at the company's home theater in Portland, Maine on January 11, 1996. In 1999, the play was staged Off-Broadway by the Primary Stages company. Director Melia Bensussen won an Obie Award for the Primary Stages production.

Portland Stage Company
Portland Stage Company is a professional LORT (League of Resident Theaters) theater company in the state of Maine. Founded as the Profile Theatre in 1974 as a touring theater company, the company made Portland its permanent location in 1976. In 1982, it moved to its current home of 25A Forest Avenue in Portland, Maine. Anita Stewart has served as the Artistic Director since 1996, and in 2006 was made Executive Director.
Sind Province (1936–1955)
Sind, sometimes spelled Scinde, was a province of Pakistan from 1947 till its amalgamation into West Pakistan in 1955; and prior, a province of British India from being granted provincial status in 1936 till Pakistan's independence in 1947. Karachi was the capital of the province till 1948, succeeded by Hyderabad.

Under the British, it encompassed the current territorial limits excluding the princely state of Khairpur. In 1948, Karachi was separated from the province to form the Federal Capital Territory and serve as the federal capital of Pakistan; this resulted in the provincial capital being shifted to Hyderabad. The province was dissolved alongside Baluchistan, the North-West Frontier Province, West Punjab, and a number of Pakistani princely states to form a unified province of West Pakistan in 1955, upon implementation of the One Unit Scheme.

Princely states of Pakistan
The Princely States of Pakistan (Urdu: پاکستان کی نوابی ریاستیں) were princely states of the British Indian Empire which acceded to the new Dominion of Pakistan in 1947 and 1948, following the partition of British India and its independence.

At the time of the withdrawal of British forces from the subcontinent on 15 August 1947, West Pakistan was less than half of its ultimate size. The princely states were incorporated following a year of negotiations and interventions.
Garoute
Garoute is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alice Garoute (1874–1950), Haitian suffragist and women's rights advocate

Charles H. Garoute (1854–1910), American attorney and judge

Jean-Claude Garoute (1935–2006), Haitian painter and sculptor

Alice Garoute
Alice Garoute (1874 – 30 October 1950) was a Haitian suffragist and advocate for women's rights in Haiti, including those of rural women. On her deathbed in 1950, Alice Garoute asked that flowers be placed on her grave the day Haitian women would finally be able to vote.  She may have attended the first meeting of the Inter-American Commission of Women (IACW) in Havana in February 1930. The IACW was in charge of investigating the legal status of women in Latin-America and is credited for being the first governmental organization in the world to be founded for the express purpose of advocating women's issues.
Joseph J. Cole Jr. House and 1925 Cole Brouette No. 70611
The Joseph J. Cole Jr. House and 1925 Cole Brouette No. 70611 are a house and historic motor car located at 4909 N. Meridian Street in Indianapolis, Indiana.  The house, also known as Colehaven, dates from 1924 and reflects Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals architecture and French Renaissance architecture. The 1.3-acre (0.53 ha) property includes the house and one other contributing structure.

The house was constructed for Joseph J. Cole Jr., the president of the Cole Motor Car Company in Indianapolis. The Cole Brouette was produced at that factory and was owned by the Cole family.
The house and automobile were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.

National Register of Historic Places architectural style categories
In the United States, the National Register of Historic Places classifies its listings by various types of architecture.  Listed properties often are given one or more of 40 standard architectural style classifications that appear in the National Register Information System (NRIS) database.   Other properties are given a custom architectural description with "vernacular" or other qualifiers, and others have no style classification.  Many National Register-listed properties do not fit into the several categories listed here, or they fit into more specialized subcategories.
XCD
XCD can refer to:

XCD, ISO 4217 currency code for the Eastern Caribbean dollar

Champforgeuil Airport (IATA code)

Xerez Club Deportivo, Spanish football club

Bajaj XCD, 125cc bike by Bajaj Auto of India, released in 2007

Xuchang East railway station, China Railway pinyin code XCD

Xerez CD
Xerez Club Deportivo, S.A.D. is a Spanish football club based in the city of Jerez de la Frontera. Founded in 1947, it currently plays in Group 4 of the Segunda Federación, the fourth tier of the Spanish football league system.
DJ Abass
DJ Abass (born Abass Abayomi Tijani) is a media and entertainment consultant, broadcaster, DJ, and compere based in the United Kingdom. He is the CEO of the entertainment and media management outfit, DJAMEDIA. He is also well known within the Nigerian and African community in the United Kingdom for presenting and co-producing the television show Intro and the "Big Nigerian Independence Intro Jam" series.

The Mirror Boy
The Mirror Boy is a 2011 Nigerian fantasy adventure drama film written and directed by Obi Emelonye, produced by Patrick Campbell and starring Genevieve Nnaji, Osita Iheme and Edward Kagutuzi. The film which was shot in England and the Gambia, received 3 nominations at the 2011 Africa Movie Academy Awards.
Hohenfels-Essingen
Hohenfels-Essingen is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Gerolstein, whose seat is in the like-named town.

Eifel
The Eifel (German: [ˈaɪfl̩] ⓘ; Luxembourgish: Äifel, pronounced [ˈæːɪ̯fəl]) is a low mountain range in western Germany, eastern Belgium and northern Luxembourg. It occupies parts of southwestern North Rhine-Westphalia, northwestern Rhineland-Palatinate and the southern area of the German-speaking Community of Belgium.

The Eifel is part of the Rhenish Massif; within its northern portions lies the Eifel National Park. The Eifelian stage in geological history is named after the region because rocks of that period reach the surface in the Eifel at the Wetteldorf Richtschnitt outcrop.

The inhabitants of the Eifel are known as Eiflers or Eifelers.
National Doctors' Day
National Doctors' Day is a day celebrated to recognize the contributions of physicians to individual lives and communities. The date varies from nation to nation depending on the event of commemoration used to mark the day. In some nations the day is marked as a holiday. Although supposed to be celebrated by patients in and benefactors of the healthcare industry, it is usually celebrated by health care organizations. Staff may organize a lunch for doctors during which physicians are presented with tokens of recognition. Historically, a card or red carnation may be sent to physicians and their spouses, along with a flower being placed on the graves of deceased physicians.

Patient
A patient is any recipient of health care services that are performed by healthcare professionals. The patient is most often ill or injured and in need of treatment by a physician, nurse, optometrist, dentist, veterinarian, or other health care provider.
2000 Lombard regional election
The 2000 Lombard regional election took place on 16 April 2000. The 7th term of the Regional Council was chosen.

Roberto Formigoni (Forza Italia) was re-elected for the second time in a row President, defeating Mino Martinazzoli (Italian People's Party). His re-election resulted in a landslide, as this time he was supported also by the Northern League.

Mino Martinazzoli
Fermo "Mino" Martinazzoli (Italian pronunciation: [ˈfermo ˈmiːno martinatˈtsɔːli]; 3 November 1931 – 4 September 2011) was an Italian lawyer, politician, and former minister. He was the last secretary of the Christian Democracy (DC) party and the first secretary of the Italian People's Party (PPI) founded in 1994.
Prudential Staff Union
The Prudential Staff Union was a trade union representing workers at the Prudential insurance company, in the United Kingdom.  The only union of insurance workers to affiliate to the Labour Party, it was briefly represented on its National Executive Committee, and for a time sponsored a Member of Parliament.

National Executive Committee of the Labour Party (UK)
The National Executive Committee (NEC) is the governing body of the UK Labour Party, setting the overall strategic direction of the party and policy development. Its composition has changed over the years, and includes representatives of affiliated trade unions, the Parliamentary Labour Party, constituency Labour parties (CLP), and socialist societies, as well as ex officio members such as the party Leader and Deputy Leader and several of their appointees.
Mount Edziza Provincial Park
Mount Edziza Provincial Park is a provincial park in Cassiar Land District of northern British Columbia, Canada. It was established on 27 July 1972 to showcase the Mount Edziza volcanic complex and the surrounding Tahltan Highland.

Provincial park
A provincial park (or territorial park) is a park administered by one of the provinces of a country, as opposed to a national park. They are similar to state parks in other countries. They are typically open to the public for recreation. Their environment may be more or less strictly protected.
Ministry of the Interior (Slovenia)
The Ministry of the Interior (Slovene: Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve) of the Republic of Slovenia is responsible for public security and police, internal administrative affairs, and migration in Slovenia.

Freedom Movement (Slovenia)
The Freedom Movement (Slovene: Gibanje Svoboda, GS) is a social-liberal political party in Slovenia. It was founded on 26 January 2022, as the successor of the extraparliamentary Green Actions Party (Slovene: Stranka Zelenih Dejanj, Z.DEJ), which was founded on 8 May 2021.

In its first parliamentary election, the party placed first, obtaining 41 of the 90 seats in the National Assembly, which is a record for a single party in the history of independent Slovenia. Its chairman Robert Golob subsequently became Prime Minister of Slovenia, heading the Golob Cabinet in  coalition with the Social Democrats and The Left. Shortly after the elections, the Party of Alenka Bratušek and List of Marjan Šarec merged with the party.
Paramilitary
A paramilitary is a force or unit that functions and is organized in a manner analogous to a military force, but does not have professional or legitimate status.  The Oxford English Dictionary traces the use of the term "paramilitary" as far back as 1934. It has been used by many different Political organizations. Paramilitaries have widely been synonymous with violence, political repression, ethnic cleansing,  genocide and crimes against humanity. Paramilitaries may use combat-capable kit/equipment (such as internal security/SWAT vehicles), or even actual military equipment (such as armored personnel carriers; usually military surplus resources) that are compatible with their purpose, often combining them with skills from other relevant fields such as law enforcement, coast guard, or search and rescue. A paramilitary may fall under the command of a military, train alongside them, or have permission to use their resources, despite not actually being part of them.

Police armored vehicle
A police armored vehicle, also referred to as a police rescue vehicle, armored rescue vehicle, tactical police vehicle, or SWAT vehicle, is a non-military armored vehicle used by police, primarily police tactical units and riot police, to respond to incidents that necessitate their use. They are most often in configurations similar to military light utility vehicles, infantry mobility vehicles, or armoured personnel carriers. They are generally designed to have armor that can sufficiently block high-caliber rounds, space to carry the unit's equipment, and sufficient passenger seating; some also allow for additional personnel to hang onto the side of the vehicle in transit.
Brachymeles lukbani
Brachymeles lukbani, also known commonly as Lukban's loam-swimming skink, is a species of lizard in the subfamily Scincinae of the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to the island of Luzon in the Philippines.

Arvin Cantor Diesmos
Arvin Cantor Diesmos (born 4 June 1969 in Manila, Luzon) is a Filipino biologist, zoologist, ecologist, and conservationist. His main research focus is herpetology, but he also studies birds and mammals.
Dark Horses (band)
Dark Horses are a British rock band formed in 2010, consisting of lead vocalist Lisa Elle, synth player/guitarist Bobby Waterson, lead guitarist David Wheeldon, electric bass Anastasia Zio and drummer Stevie Ingham. The band's formation also includes Ali Tollervey, photographer, and Pierre Angelique, visual and video artist.

The band has gained following with their two studio LPs, Black music and Hail Lucid State (2014), both produced by Richard Fearless and released on Last Gang Records.

Clinic
A clinic (or outpatient clinic or ambulatory care clinic) is a health facility that is primarily focused on the care of outpatients. Clinics can be privately operated or publicly managed and funded. They typically cover the primary care needs of populations in local communities, in contrast to larger hospitals which offer more specialized treatments and admit inpatients for overnight stays.

Most commonly, the English word clinic refers to a general practice, run by one or more general practitioners offering small therapeutic treatments, but it can also mean a specialist clinic. Some clinics retain the name "clinic" even while growing into institutions as large as major hospitals or becoming associated with a hospital or medical school.
HEL cell line
The HEL cell line is an immortalised cell line from a 30-year old male Acute erythroid leukemia patient, used in biomedical research.

HEL cell is capable of induced globin synthesis, producing mainly Gγ and Aγ chains.

Immortalised cell line
An immortalised cell line is a population of cells from a multicellular organism that would normally not proliferate indefinitely but, due to mutation, have evaded normal cellular senescence and instead can keep undergoing division. The cells can therefore be grown for prolonged periods in vitro. The mutations required for immortality can occur naturally or be intentionally induced for experimental purposes. Immortal cell lines are a very important tool for research into the biochemistry and cell biology of multicellular organisms. Immortalised cell lines have also found uses in biotechnology.

An immortalised cell line should not be confused with stem cells, which can also divide indefinitely, but form a normal part of the development of a multicellular organism.
Sacred Citadel
Sacred Citadel is a side-scrolling action brawler video game in the Sacred series. It was released in April 2013, and takes place before the 2014 sequel Sacred 3. It was developed by Southend Interactive and published by Deep Silver for Xbox Live Arcade, PlayStation Network, and Microsoft Windows. A DLC called Sacred Citadel: Jungle Hunt was released on the same month.

PlayStation Network
PlayStation Network (PSN) is a digital media entertainment service provided by Sony Interactive Entertainment. Launched in November 2006, PSN was originally conceived for the PlayStation video game consoles, but soon extended to encompass smartphones, tablets, Blu-ray players and high-definition televisions. It succeeded Sony Entertainment Network in 2015 and this service is the account for PlayStation consoles, accounts can store games and other content.

PlayStation Network's services are dedicated to an online marketplace (PlayStation Store), a premium subscription service for enhanced gaming and social features (PlayStation Plus), music streaming (PlayStation Music, based on Spotify), and formerly a cloud gaming service (PlayStation Now; folded into PlayStation Plus Premium in June 2022). The service is available in 73 territories.
Makkal TV
Makkal TV is a Tamil language TV channel. It was launched on 6 September 2006 and is promoted by Makkal Tholai Thodarpu Kuzhumam. Pattali Makkal Katchi leader Ramadoss is the founder of TV and T.Bhuvaneswari is the Vice President and Administrator of the Channel.

Pattali Makkal Katchi
The Pattali Makkal Katchi (transl. Proletarian People's Party; abbreviated as PMK) is a political party in Tamil Nadu, India. It was founded by Dr. S. Ramadoss in 1989 to provide political representation for the Vanniyar caste, a community found throughout northern Tamil Nadu. It is a part of the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA).Its symbol is a mango. As of 2025, it is currently led by Dr. Anbumani Ramadoss following a months long dispute that resulted in his father, Dr. S. Ramadoss, forming a splinter faction of the PMK.
Sanctus Diavolos
Sanctus Diavolos is the eighth full-length album by Greek extreme metal band Rotting Christ.

It is also the first release after the departure of long-time guitarist Kostas and keyboardist George. The album features a guest appearance by Gus G. (Dream Evil, Firewind) on guitar, a live choir, and mainman Sakis Tolis handling synthesizers.

It was recorded at SCA studios in Greece and mixed by Fredrik Nordström (Studio Fredman) in Sweden.

Firewind
Firewind is a Greek power metal band formed in Thessaloniki in 1998. The group is currently signed to AFM records and was originally a small project created by guitarist Gus G. to showcase his demo, Nocturnal Symphony, in 1998. Firewind later became a full band over three years later when they recorded their debut album, Between Heaven and Hell. To date, the band has released ten studio albums and has been met with international success.
Rondey Robinson
Rondey Robinson (born May 14, 1967) is an American former professional basketball player. He played six seasons in the Icelandic Úrvalsdeild with Njarðvík, winning the national championship three times.

Úrvalsdeild karla (basketball)
Úrvalsdeild karla (English: Men's Premier League), also known as Bónus deild karla for sponsorship reasons, is the highest men's professional basketball competition among clubs in Iceland, where play determines the national champion. It is organized by the Icelandic Basketball Federation (Icelandic: Körfuknattleikssamband Íslands - KKÍ).
The season consists of a home-and-away schedule of 22 games, followed by an eight-team playoff round. Quarterfinals, semifinals and finals series are best-of-five. The bottom clubs are relegated, and replaced by the top team from the regular-season phase and the four-team playoff round winner of the second-level First Division (Icelandic: 1. deild karla).
Nemo 33
Nemo 33 is an indoor non-chlorinated fresh water facility in Brussels, Belgium. It previously held the Guinness World Record as the deepest indoor swimming pool in the world between its opening on 1 May 2004, and the completion of "Y-40 The Deep Joy" at Hotel Terme Millepini in Montegrotto Terme, Padua, Italy, on 5 June 2014.

The pool's maximum depth is 34.5 metres (113 ft). It contains 2,500,000 litres (550,000 imp gal; 660,000 US gal) of non-chlorinated, highly filtered spring water, maintained at 30 °C (86 °F) by a solar heater, and holds several simulated underwater caves at the 10 metres (33 ft) depth level. Due to the warm temperature in the pool, divers can dive for extended periods without a dry suit. The complex was designed by Belgian diving expert John Beernaerts as a multipurpose diving instruction, recreational, and film production facility in 2004. Popular Mechanics rates Nemo 33 as one of the top eighteen strangest pools in the world.

Montegrotto Terme
Montegrotto Terme (Venetian: Montegròto) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Padua in the Italian region Veneto, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) west of Venice and about 11 kilometres (7 mi) southwest of Padua.

Montegrotto Terme is a  spa resort, part of the Terme Euganee spas.  The Euganean Hills (Colli Euganei) are located nearby.

Montegrotto Terme borders the following municipalities: Abano Terme, Battaglia Terme, Due Carrare, Galzignano Terme, Torreglia.

The Hotel Terme Millepini, which is a Guinness World Record holder for containing the world's deepest pool is located in Montegrotto Terme.
Miles Park
Miles Park was an American horse racing track located in Louisville, Jefferson County, Kentucky. The track served as the "minor leagues" for many jockeys who later went on to the larger, more famous Kentucky tracks. The biggest event was the annual Junior Derby.

Miles Park started life as Fairgrounds Speedway, a harness racing track in 1956, but was converted to thoroughbred racing and renamed Miles Park two years later, after being acquired by oilman and horseman General J. Fred Miles. The track struggled after a fire in May 1964 killed 26 thoroughbreds and burned down 13 barns.

The track was renamed Commonwealth Race Course after being sold in 1974 and ran American Quarter Horse meets for two years before burning in 1978 and closing permanently.

Jefferson County, Kentucky
Jefferson County is a county located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 782,969. It is the most populous county in the commonwealth (with more than twice the population of second ranked Fayette County).

Since a city-county merger in 2003, the county's territory, population and government have been coextensive with the city of Louisville, which also serves as county seat. The administrative entity created by this merger is the Louisville/Jefferson County Metro Government, abbreviated to Louisville Metro.

Jefferson County is the anchor of the Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area, locally referred to as Kentuckiana.