hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lie group decomposition
In mathematics, Lie group decompositions are used to analyse the structure of Lie groups and associated objects, by showing how they are built up out of subgroups. They are essential technical tools in the representation theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras; they can also be used to study the algebraic topology of such groups and associated homogeneous spaces. Since the use of Lie group methods became one of the standard techniques in twentieth century mathematics, many phenomena can now be referred back to decompositions.

The same ideas are often applied to Lie groups, Lie algebras, algebraic groups and p-adic number analogues, making it harder to summarise the facts into a unified theory.

Algebraic topology
Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics that uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces. The basic goal is to find algebraic invariants that classify topological spaces up to homeomorphism, though usually most classify up to homotopy equivalence.

Although algebraic topology primarily uses algebra to study topological problems, using topology to solve algebraic problems is sometimes also possible. Algebraic topology, for example, allows for a convenient proof that any subgroup of a free group is again a free group.
Richard Maltby Jr.
Richard Eldridge Maltby Jr. (born October 6, 1937) is an American theatre director and producer, lyricist, and screenwriter. He conceived and directed the only two musical revues to win the Tony Award for Best Musical: Ain't Misbehavin' (1978: Tony, N.Y. Drama Critics, Outer Critics, Drama Desk Awards, also Tony Award for Best Director) and Fosse (1999: Tony, Outer Critics, Drama Desk Awards).

Theatrical producer
A theatrical producer is a person who is primarily responsible for providing or procuring financial resources for developing a theatre production. The producer oversees the managerial and financial aspects of the production such as budgeting and managing contracts with venues, personnel, and investors.
National Western Complex shootout
On January 30, 2016, a brawl involving gunfire and knives broke out between rival motorcycle clubs at the National Western Complex, in Denver, Colorado. One person was killed and seven others were injured.

Denver Police Department
The Denver Police Department (DPD) is the full service police department jointly for the City and County of Denver, Colorado, which provides police services to the entire county, including Denver International Airport, and may provide contractual security police service to special districts within the county. The police department is within the Denver Department of Public Safety, which also includes the Denver Sheriff Department and Denver Fire Department. The DPD was established in 1859. The current police chief is Ron Thomas.
David A. Jenkins
David Aaron Jenkins (April 5, 1822 – September 10, 1886) was a Republican politician and North Carolina State Treasurer from 1868 until 1876. His home was listed on the National Register of Historic Places before being demolished.

Gaston County, North Carolina
Gaston County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 227,943. The county seat is Gastonia. Dallas served as the original county seat from 1846 until 1911.

Gaston County is included in the Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 2,805,115 in 2023. The county is located in the southern Piedmont region.

Of North Carolina's 100 counties, Gaston County ranks 74th in size, consisting of approximately 364 square miles (940 km2), and is tenth in population. The county has fifteen incorporated towns. In addition to fifteen incorporated towns and cities, there are several unincorporated communities such as Hardin, Lucia, Crowders Mountain, Sunnyside, Alexis, Tryon, and North Belmont.
The Craig Machine
The Craig Machine is a live album by comedian Stephen Lynch, released on October 4, 2005 on What Are Records?. The CD was recorded live at Symphony Space in New York City on May 9 and 16, 2005. The Craig Machine debuted at #2 on Billboard Magazine's Comedy Charts and at #129 on the Billboard 200.

The title is lifted from a lyric from the fifth track on the album, which is from the point of view of Jesus Christ's brother, Craig. The quoted lyric asks of the listener "not 'What Would Jesus Do?' but 'Where will you be when the Craig Machine comes partyin' through?'"

What would Jesus do?
The phrase "What would Jesus do?", often abbreviated to WWJD, became particularly popular in the United States in the early 1900s, following the 1896 novel In His Steps: What Would Jesus Do? by Charles Sheldon. The phrase saw a resurgence in the 1990s as a personal motto for Christians, who used it as a reminder of their belief in the moral imperative in a way that demonstrated the love of Jesus through their actions. The resurgence of the motto in the 1990s stemmed from the WWJD abbreviation on wristbands that became popular among Christian youth groups.
Sodium pareth sulfate
Sodium alketh sulfate, known prior to being renamed in 2021 as sodium pareth sulfate, and also as sodium alkylpolyoxyethylene sulfate, is a surfactant found in some detergent products such as hand or body washes, but not as commonly as other chemicals such as sodium laureth sulfate (SLES).  It is the sodium salt of a sulfated polyethylene glycol ether.

In February 2021, the Personal Care Products Council announced a revision of INCI nomenclature that included replacement of the term "pareth" with "alketh" in all INCI names, affecting hundreds of INCI names.

It is produced similarly to SLES starting from fatty alcohols with 10 to 16 carbon atoms.

Fatty alcohol
Fatty alcohols (or long-chain alcohols) are usually high-molecular mass, straight-chain primary alcohols, but can also range from as few as 4–6 carbon atoms to as many as 22–26, derived from natural fats and oils. The precise chain length varies with the source. Some commercially important fatty alcohols are lauryl, stearyl, and oleyl alcohol. They are colourless oily liquids (for smaller carbon numbers) or waxy solids, although impure samples may appear yellow. Fatty alcohols usually have an even number of carbon atoms and a single alcohol group (–OH) attached to the terminal carbon. Some are unsaturated and some are branched. They are widely used in industry. As with fatty acids, they are often referred to generically by the number of carbon atoms in the molecule, such as "a C12 alcohol", that is an alcohol having 12 carbon atoms, for example dodecanol.
Australian Army other ranks rank insignia
Like the British Army, the Australian Army does not use the term 'enlisted' to describe its non-commissioned ranks. Instead, personnel who are not commissioned officers are referred to as other ranks. These are soldiers, non-commissioned officers (NCOs) and warrant officers (WOs). Warrant officers are appointed by a warrant which is signed by the Chief of the Army. The insignia for non-commissioned ranks are identical to the British Army up to the rank of warrant officer class two. Since 1976, WO1s and the WO in the Australian Army wear insignia using the Australian Coat of Arms.

Other ranks
Other ranks (ORs) in the Royal Marines (RM), the British Army, and the Royal Air Force (RAF), along with the navies, armies, and air forces of many other Commonwealth countries and Ireland, are those personnel who are not commissioned officers, but usually include non-commissioned officers (NCOs).  In the Royal Navy (RN), these personnel are called "ratings" rather than "other ranks".  "Non-commissioned member" (NCM) is the equivalent term in the Canadian Armed Forces, and "enlisted rank" is used in the United States and elsewhere.

The term "other ranks" is often considered to exclude warrant officers (WO), and occasionally in some militaries also excludes NCOs.  Formally, a regiment consists of the "officers, warrant officers, non-commissioned officers, and men", or the "officers, warrant officers, and other ranks".
Kara Depression
The Kara Depression is a depression in the Extreme North of European Russia, by the mouth of Kara River, north-east of the Pay-Khoy Ridge (a continuation of the northern Ural Mountains). It is of diameter 50–60 km (31–37 mi) and filled with Quaternary deposits.

The depression is part of the Pechora coal basin.

Deposition (geology)
Deposition is the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or landmass. Wind, ice, water, and gravity transport previously weathered surface material, which, at the loss of enough kinetic energy in the fluid, is deposited, building up layers of sediment.

This occurs when the forces responsible for sediment transportation are no longer sufficient to overcome the forces of gravity and friction, creating a resistance to motion; this is known as the null point hypothesis. Deposition can also refer to the buildup of sediment from organically derived matter or chemical processes. For example, chalk is made up partly of the microscopic calcium carbonate skeletons of marine plankton, the deposition of which induced chemical processes (diagenesis) to deposit further calcium carbonate. Similarly, the formation of coal begins with the deposition of organic material, mainly from plants, in anaerobic conditions.
Judo at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 52 kg
Women's 52 kg competition in judo at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom, took place at ExCeL London.

The gold and silver medals were determined by a single-elimination tournament, with the winner of the final taking gold and the loser receiving silver.  Judo events awarded two bronze medals.  Quarterfinal losers competed in a repechage match for the right to face a semifinal loser for a bronze medal (that is, the judokas defeated in quarterfinals A and B competed against each other, with the winner of that match facing the semifinal loser from the other half of the bracket).

Excel London
Excel London (formerly styled as ExCeL, an abbreviation for Exhibition Centre London) is an international exhibition and convention centre in the Custom House area of Newham, East London. The facility is situated on a 100-acre (0.40 km2) site on the northern quay of the Royal Victoria Dock in London Docklands, located between Canary Wharf and London City Airport.
Old Central Fire Station (Pittsfield, Massachusetts)
The Old Central Fire Station is a historic fire station at 66 Allen Street in Pittsfield, Massachusetts.  Built in 1895, it is the city's oldest surviving fire station, and a prominent local example of Romanesque architecture.  The station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977, and was included in an expansion of Pittsfield's Park Square Historic District in 1991.  It now houses offices.

Fire station
A fire station (also called a fire house, fire hall, firemen's hall, or engine house) is a structure or other area for storing firefighting apparatuses such as fire engines and related vehicles, personal protective equipment, fire hoses and other specialized equipment. Fire stations frequently contain working and living space for the firefighters and support staff.

In large U.S. cities, fire stations are often named for the primary fire companies and apparatus housed there, such as "Ladder 49". Other fire stations are named based on the settlement, neighborhood or street where they are located, or given a number.
Evert Nyberg
John Evert Nyberg (28 February 1925 – 17 August 2000) was a Swedish long-distance runner who won a bronze medal in the 5000 m event at the 1946 European Championships.

Nyberg was born on 28 February 1925 in Gothenburg.

He competed in the 5000 m at the 1948 Summer Olympics and in the marathon at the 1956 and 1960 Summer Olympics with the best result of eighth place in 1956. He won the Košice Peace Marathon in 1955.

Nyberg won national titles in the 5000 m (1946 and 1956), 10000 m (1955), 25000 m (1955–57 and 1960), 30000 m (1961 and 1962), marathon (1955, 1957, 1962 and 1963) and cross country (1950, 1955 and 1957).

Košice Peace Marathon
The Košice Peace Marathon (Slovak: Medzinárodný maratón mieru) is an annual road marathon held in Košice, Slovakia, since 1924.  It is the oldest continuously running in the world, having been run every year since 1941.  It is the oldest marathon in Europe and the third-oldest in the world (after the Boston Marathon, first held in 1897, and the Yonkers Marathon, first held in 1907).  However, Boston and Yonkers have been continuous only since 2021.  The marathon generally takes place each year on the first Sunday in October.  The course is relatively flat and consists of two loops, mostly within the city center.

The marathon is an AIMS-certified race.  It is also categorized as a Silver Label Road Race by World Athletics, and was certified as a 5-Star Quality Road Race by European Athletics Running for All in 2015.
Esat Teliti
Esat Teliti (born 27 December 1950 in Kavajë) is an Albanian filmmaker, producer, and former actor. After graduating from the Academy of Fine Arts in 1972 with a degree in drama, he began working at Radio Televizioni Shqiptar where he has been involved in the production of many documentaries and short films. In 1974, he co-hosted the National Song Festival alongside Arta Dade. Since October 2003, Teliti has been working as artistic director and contributor for Pasqyra Shqiptare TV show, a weekly program in the Albanian language aired by OMNI 1 Television in Toronto for the Albanian community in Canada.

Albanian Canadians
Albanian Canadians (Albanian: shqiptaro-kanadezët; French: albanais-canadien) are Canadians of full or partial Albanian ancestry and heritage in Canada. They trace their ancestry to the territories with a large Albanian population in the Balkans among others to Albania, Italy, Kosovo, North Macedonia and Montenegro. They are adherents of different religions and are predominantly Muslims though there are also many who adhere to Christianity.

In 2021, there were 41,620 Canadian citizens of Albanian descent living in Canada. The Albanian Canadians are predominantly distributed in the provinces of Ontario and Quebec followed by growing communities in Alberta and British Columbia.
Jamie Brown (American football)
Jamie Shepard Brown, II (born April 24, 1972) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL) for the Denver Broncos, San Francisco 49ers, and Washington Redskins. Brown won Super Bowl XXXII with the 1997 Broncos over the Green Bay Packers. He played college football for the Florida A&M Rattlers and was selected in the fourth round of the 1995 NFL draft.

Florida A&M Rattlers football
The Florida A&M Rattlers football team represents Florida A&M University in the sport of American football. The Rattlers compete in the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) of Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Starting with the fall 2021 season, the Rattlers will compete in the East Division of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC), after a long tenure in the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC). They play their home games at Bragg Memorial Stadium in Tallahassee.

The Rattlers have won 17 black college football national championship, 29 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) titles, eight MEAC titles, one SWAC title and one I-AA national title in the history of their football program. During the 2004 season, the Rattlers briefly attempted to move up to Division I-A (now known as the FBS) and become the only HBCU at college football's highest level, but the team was forced to abort its bid.
Marc Berdoll
Marc Berdoll (born 6 April 1953) is a French former professional footballer who played as a striker. During his career he played for Angers, 1. FC Saarbrücken and Marseille, Angers again, Amiens, Orléans and L'Hopital. He earned 16 caps scoring five goals for the France national team, appearing in the 1978 FIFA World Cup, where he scored in the first round match against Hungary.

Amiens SC
Amiens Sporting Club (French pronunciation: [amjɛ̃]; commonly referred to as Amiens SC or simply Amiens) is a French association football club based in the northern city of Amiens in the Hauts-de-France region. The club was formed in 1901 and play in Ligue 2, the second division of French football. The club plays its home matches at the Stade de la Licorne located within the city. The 2017–18 Ligue 1 season was the first in the club's 116-year history, where they finished in 13th place.
Gourma-Rharous
Gourma-Rharous (French pronunciation: [ɡuʁma ʁaʁus]) or Rharous, is a rural commune and small town in the Timbuktu Region, Mali. The town is the administrative center (chef-lieu) of the Gourma-Rharous Cercle and lies on the right bank of the Niger River 110 km east of Timbuktu. The commune has an area of approximately 7,000 km2 and contains 29 villages. In the census of 2009 it had a population of 26,115. French singer Daniel Balavoine died in a helicopter crash in Gourma-Rharous as he was leading a fund-raising effort in Africa during the 1986 Dakar Rally.

Tombouctou Region
Tombouctou Region or Timbuktu Region (Bambara: ߕߎߡߎߕߎ ߘߌߣߋߖߊ, Tumutu Dineja) is one of the administrative regions of Mali. For administrative purposes, the region is subdivided into five cercles.

The region is part of northern Mali that was separated and declared independent by the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) during the Tuareg rebellion of 2012. In the course of the conflict, the MNLA lost control of the territory to Islamist militias.

Tombouctou Region is world-famous for its capital, the ancient city Timbuktu (French: Tombouctou), synonymous to 19th-century Europeans with an elusive, hard-to-reach destination. The city gained fame in 1390 when its ruler, Mansa Musa I, went on a pilgrimage to Mecca, stopping with his entourage in Egypt and dispensing enough gold to devalue the Egyptian currency. This started the legend of a city in the interior of Africa, where roads were said to be paved with gold and buildings topped with roofs of gold.
Algiers suburban rail network
The Algiers suburban rail network (French: Réseau ferré de la banlieue d'Alger; Arabic: شبكة السكك الحديدية لضواحي الجزائر) is a commuter rail network serving the region of Algiers, the capital and largest city of Algeria. Operated by the Société Nationale des Transports Ferroviaires (SNTF), Algeria's national railway company, the network consists of seven lines and 212 kilometres (132 mi) of track serving 44 stations. The network serves a total of four provinces: Algiers, Blida, Boumerdès, and Tizi Ouzou,  and carried 32.6 million passengers in 2018.

Algiers–Oran railway
The Algiers–Oran railway is one of the major components of the Algerian railway network. It links Algiers station with Oran. The first segment of the line, connecting Algiers with Blida opened on September 8, 1862 and was extended to Oran on May 1, 1871.

The National Company for Rail Transport is converting the entirety of the line to a double-track line.
Hernandez Stroud
Hernandez Stroud (born August 31, 1988) is a senior counsel for the Justice Program at the Brennan Center for Justice at New York University School of Law.  An expert on prisons and jails and constitutional law, he researches and drafts criminal justice policy reforms at the federal level; he also studies federal judicial intervention into state prisons and local jails, particularly court takeovers of correctional institutions through receivership. He serves as an adjunct assistant professor at Columbia University and the New York University School of Law. He is also an affiliated fellow at Yale Law School.

Brennan Center for Justice
The Brennan Center for Justice is an American liberal nonprofit law and public policy institute. The organization is named after Supreme Court justice William J. Brennan Jr. The Brennan Center advocates for public policy positions including raising the minimum wage, opposing voter ID laws, and calling for public funding of elections. Its operations are centered at the New York University School of Law. The organization opposed the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in Citizens United v. FEC, which held that the First Amendment prohibits the government from restricting independent political expenditures by nonprofit organizations.

The stated mission of the Brennan Center is to "work to hold our political institutions and laws accountable to the twin American ideals of democracy and equal justice for all". Its president is Michael Waldman, former speechwriter for President Bill Clinton.
WGI (radio station)
WGI was an early radio broadcasting station, licensed to the American Radio and Research Corporation (AMRAD) of Medford Hillside, Massachusetts. WGI received its initial broadcasting license on February 7, 1922. However, the station had previously made regular broadcasts under an experimental license as 1XE, which were the first organized broadcasts in the Boston area.

WGI was widely known as "The AMRAD station", and initially gained national prominence for its innovative programs. However, AMRAD soon faced severe financial problems that curtailed the station's operations. In early 1925 the call letters briefly changed to WARC, but within a few weeks the station suspended operations when the parent company filed for bankruptcy. WARC would continue to be listed on the government rosters of active stations for two more years, but it never actually resumed broadcasting before being formally deleted in early 1927.

WGY (AM)
WGY (810 AM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Schenectady, New York, and serving the Capital District of New York. It simulcasts a talk format with WGY-FM (103.1 FM). Owned by iHeartMedia, its studios are located on Troy-Schenectady Road in Latham. WGY is one of the first stations in the United States, and the oldest to operate continuously in New York State, having launched on February 20, 1922.

WGY is powered at 50,000 watts clear-channel, the maximum for commercial AM stations in the U.S. Its transmitter is off Mariaville Road, near the New York State Thruway in the Town of Rotterdam. In addition to a standard analog transmission, WGY is also available online via iHeartRadio.
Cave Spring Commercial Historic District
The Cave Spring Commercial Historic District in Cave Spring, Georgia is a 6 acres (2.4 ha) historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.  The listing included 12 contributing buildings and a contributing site.

It includes the intersections of Alabama Road, Broad Street, Rome Road, Cedartown Road, and Padlock Street, and extends about a block in each direction.

Cave Spring, Georgia
Cave Spring is a city near 
Floyd County, Georgia, United States. It is located 17 miles (27 km) southwest of Rome, the county seat. As of the 2020 census, Cave Spring had a population of 1,174. It is part of the Rome, Georgia, metropolitan area.

The town is named for its natural limestone cave and mineral spring site which serves as the main source of drinking water for nearby communities. The spring flows from the cave into a rock holding pond in Rolater Park and then into a 1.5-acre (6,100 m2) swimming pool constructed of stones.

Spring water is piped to local homes and businesses by the public-utility service of Cave Spring. Visitors may also bring jugs to fill at the spring and take home for drinking.
Udvari (surname)
Udvari is a Hungarian surname, an adjective of Udvar, a name of a village in Hungary. Notable people with the surname include:

Andreas Udvari (born 1981), German bobsledder

Frank Udvari (1924–2014), Canadian ice hockey referee

Szabolcs Udvari (1974–2020), Hungarian footballer

Andreas Udvari
Andreas Udvari (born 15 December 1981) is a retired German decathlete and bobsledder who competed from 2004 to 2007. His best Bobsleigh World Cup finish was third in the four-man event at Igls in January 2007.