hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Delta robot
A delta robot is a type of parallel robot that consists of three arms connected to universal joints at the base. The key design feature is the use of parallelograms in the arms, which maintains the orientation of the end effector. In contrast, a Stewart platform can change the orientation of its end effector.

Delta robots have popular usage in picking and packaging in factories because they can be quite fast, some executing up to 300 picks per minute.

Universal joint
A universal joint (also called a universal coupling or U-joint) is a joint or coupling connecting rigid shafts whose axes are inclined to each other. It is commonly used in shafts that transmit rotary motion. It consists of a pair of hinges located close together, oriented at 90° to each other, connected by a cross shaft. The universal joint is not a constant-velocity joint.

U-joints are also sometimes called by various eponymous names, as follows:

Cardan joint, after Gerolamo Cardano, a polymath of the 16th century who contributed to knowledge of various clever mechanisms, including gimbals

Hooke joint or Hooke's joint, after Robert Hooke, a polymath of the 17th century who contributed to knowledge of various clever mechanisms

Spicer joint, after Clarence W. Spicer and the Spicer Manufacturing Company, who manufactured U joints

Hardy Spicer joint, after the Hardy Spicer brand, a successor to the Spicer brand
Nine Princes in Amber (video game)
Nine Princes in Amber is an interactive fiction video game with graphics. The game was published by Telarium, a subsidiary of Spinnaker Software, in 1985. The game is based upon the fantasy novels Nine Princes in Amber and The Guns of Avalon by Roger Zelazny.

Text parser
In adventure games, a text parser takes typed input (a command) from the player and simplifies it to something the game can understand. Usually, words with the same meaning are turned into the same word (e.g. "take" and "get") and certain filler words are dropped (e.g. articles, or the "at" in "look at rock").

The parser makes it easier for the game's author to react on input. The author does not have to write special code to process the commands "get ye flask", "take ye flask", "get flask", "take flask", "take ye precious flask", etc. separately, as the parser will have stripped the input down to something like "take flask".

For the player, the game is more flexible, as the game has a larger vocabulary, and there are fewer guess-the-verb and guess-the-noun problems.

Parsers are used in early interactive fiction games like the Zork series, and more recently in games created by systems like Inform and TADS.
Cottler
Cottler is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Irving Cottler (1918–1989), an American drummer

Elaine Showalter (born Elaine Cottler in 1941), American literary critic, feminist, and writer

Irving Cottler
Irving Cottler (February 13, 1918 – August 8, 1989) was an American musician, and an early member of The Wrecking Crew. His credits include "L-O-V-E", "Impossible", "Stardust", and "Unforgettable", recorded with Nat King Cole. Cottler also recorded and performed live with Frank Sinatra, Louis Armstrong, Bing Crosby, Walt Disney, Peggy Lee, Dinah Shore, Ella Fitzgerald, Neal Hefti, Nelson Riddle, Count Basie, and many others. He was best known as the drummer for Sinatra, with whom he worked for over 30 years beginning in 1955.
Wang Maorun
Wang Maorun (Chinese: 王茂润; 6 May 1936 – 17 October 2008) was a general in the People's Liberation Army of China who served as political commissar of the PLA National Defence University between 1995 and 2001.

He was a representative of the 11th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party,  member of the 14th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection,member of the 15th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, delegate to the 7th National People's Congress and a member of the Standing Committee of the 10th National People's Congress.

Jiang (rank)
Jiang (formerly romanized chiang and usually translated general or, for navies, admiral) is a general officer (or flag officer for navies) rank used by China and Taiwan. It is also used as jang in North and South Korea, shō in Japan, and tướng in Vietnam.
2019 ABC Supply 500
The 2019 ABC Supply 500 was the 14th round of the 2019 IndyCar Series season. The race was held on August 18 at Pocono Raceway in Long Pond, Pennsylvania. Approaching rain and lightning caused the race to be shortened to only 128 of the scheduled 200 laps allowing Will Power to capture victory. It was Power's third Pocono 500 win, tying him with Rick Mears for second most all-time. As of 2025, this was the last time that IndyCar has visited Pocono.

Rick Mears
Richard Ravon Mears (born December 3, 1951) is an American former race car driver. He is one of four men to win the Indianapolis 500 four times (1979, 1984, 1988, 1991) and is the current record-holder for pole positions in the race with six (1979, 1982, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991). Mears is also a three-time Indycar series/World Series champion (1979, 1981 and 1982).
Tiraspol
Tiraspol (Moldovan Cyrillic: Тираспол, pronounced [tiˈraspol]; also Tirișpolea/Тиришполя; Russian: Тирасполь, pronounced [tʲɪˈraspəlʲ]; Ukrainian: Тирасполь, romanized: Tyraspol', pronounced [tɪˈrɑspolʲ]) is the capital and largest city of Transnistria, a breakaway state of Moldova, where it is the second-largest city. The city is located on the eastern bank of the Dniester River. Tiraspol is a regional hub of culture, economy, tourism, and light industry, such as furniture and electrical goods production.

The modern city of Tiraspol was founded by the Russian generalissimo Alexander Suvorov in 1792, although the area had been inhabited for thousands of years by varying ethnic groups. The city celebrates its anniversary every year on 14 October.

Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet
The Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet is a Cyrillic alphabet designed for the Romanian language spoken in the Soviet Union (Moldovan) and was in official use from 1924 to 1932 and 1938 to 1989. It is still in use today in the breakaway Moldovan region of Transnistria.
Kate Maravan
Kate Maravan (born 1968) is a British actress, acting teacher, and co-founder of White Box, a resident theatre company at the Actors Centre, in London. She is best known for playing Laura Dunnford in the British television comedy series Broken News. Maravan trained at RADA, and teaches the Meisner Technique at the Royal Court Theatre. She has also taught for the International Institute of Performing Arts in Paris.

Meisner technique
The Meisner technique is an approach to acting developed by American theatre practitioner Sanford Meisner.

The goal of the Meisner approach is for the actor to not focus on themselves and instead concentrate on the other actors in the immediate environment. To this end, some exercises for the Meisner technique are rooted in repetition so that the words are deemed insignificant compared to the underlying emotion. In the Meisner technique, there is a greater focus on the other actor as opposed to one's internal thoughts or feelings associated with the character.
The Meisner technique is different from method acting taught by Lee Strasberg, although both developed from the early teachings of Konstantin Stanislavski.
St Peter's Church, Normanby by Spital
St Peter's Church is a redundant Anglican church in the village of Normanby by Spital, Lincolnshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building, and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust.  The church stands close to the former Roman road, Ermine Street, now the A15 road.

A15 road (England)
The A15 is a major road in England. It runs north from Peterborough via Market Deeping, Bourne, Sleaford and Lincoln along a variety of ancient, Roman, and Turnpike alignments before it is interrupted at its junction with the M180 near Scawby. The road restarts 10 miles (16 km) east, and then continues north past Barton-upon-Humber, crossing the Humber on the Humber Bridge before terminating at Hessle near Kingston upon Hull.
Tenhi
Tenhi is a Finnish neofolk band formed in 1996.

The music of Tenhi is minimalistic and dark. Usually, the rhythm instrument lines follow the customs of modern rock music. The melodical instruments and vocals are however very heavily folk-influenced. The basic instrumentarium of the band consists of acoustic guitar, bass and drums. Frequent additional instruments include piano, violin, viola and flute and less frequent didgeridoo, mouth harp, harmonium, cello, udu and synthesizer.

Väre
Väre is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Emil Väre (1885–1974), Finnish wrestler

Eero Väre (born 1984), Finnish ice hockey player

Hjalmar Väre (1892–1952), Finnish road racing cyclist
1,2-Dioxetanedione
The chemical compound 1,2-dioxetanedione, or 1,2-dioxacyclobutane-3,4-dione, often called peroxyacid ester, is an unstable oxide of carbon (an oxocarbon) with formula C2O4. It can be viewed as a double ketone of 1,2-dioxetane (1,2-dioxacyclobutane), or a cyclic dimer of carbon dioxide.

In ordinary conditions, it quickly decomposes to carbon dioxide (CO2) even at 180 K (−93.1 °C), but can be detected by mass spectrometry and other techniques.

1,2-Dioxetanedione is an intermediate in the chemoluminescent reactions used in glowsticks. The decomposition proceeds via a paramagnetic oxalate biradical intermediate.

It is an intermediate in a reaction (between oxalyl chloride and hydrogen peroxide in ethyl acetate, accumulating in solution at room temperature  up to a few micromoles, provided that the activating dye and all traces of metals and other reducing agents are removed from the system, and the reactions are carried out in an inert atmosphere.

Non-Kekulé molecule
A non-Kekulé molecule is a conjugated hydrocarbon that cannot be assigned a classical Kekulé structure.

Since non-Kekulé molecules have two or more formal charges or 
radical centers, their spin-spin interactions can cause electrical conductivity or ferromagnetism (molecule-based magnets), and applications to functional materials are expected. However, as these molecules are quite reactive and most of them are easily decomposed or polymerized at room temperature, strategies for stabilization are needed for their practical use. Synthesis and observation of these reactive molecules are generally accomplished by matrix-isolation methods.
Paul Dietel
Paul Dietel (15 February 1860, Greiz – 30 October 1947, Zwickau) was a German mycologist.

He studied mathematics and natural sciences at the universities of Leipzig, Berlin and Göttingen, and afterwards worked as a schoolteacher in Greiz, Leipzig, Reichenbach im Vogtland and Glauchau.

He specialized in research of rust fungi (Uredinales) — from 1887 to 1943 he was the author of 150 scientific papers on rusts. His extensive treatment of rust fungi in Engler and Prantl's Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien was recognized as its definitive account for many years.

In 1897 Paul Christoph Hennings named the genus Dietelia (family Pucciniosiraceae) in his honor.

Greiz
Greiz (/ɡraɪts/ gryts; German pronunciation: [ɡʁaɪts] ⓘ) is a town in the state of Thuringia, Germany, and is the capital of the district of Greiz. Greiz is situated in eastern Thuringia, 100 kilometres (62 miles) east of the state capital Erfurt, on the White Elster river.

Greiz has a large park in its centre (Fürstlich Greizer Park) which is classified as an English garden. Thomasstraße, Burgstraße, Marktstraße, Waldstraße, and Leonhardtstraße, with their Jugendstil houses, are well-known examples of that architectural style.
James McInnes
James McInnes (19 May 1901 – 14 April 1974) was a Scottish politician.

Born in Newry, McInnes was educated at Glasgow Secondary School, and then became a railway clerk.  He joined the Labour Party, serving on Glasgow Town Council from 1933 until 1950, and was leader of the Labour group on the council for his final year.  In 1938, he chaired the Scottish Council of the Labour Party.

McInnes stood unsuccessfully in Glasgow Pollok at the 1935 United Kingdom general election, and then in Glasgow Central at the 1945 United Kingdom general election.  He won the seat at the 1950 United Kingdom general election, serving until his retirement in 1966.

Glasgow City Council
Glasgow City Council (Scottish Gaelic: Comhairle Baile Ghlaschu) is the local authority for the Glasgow City council area, the most populous of the 32 council areas of Scotland. In its modern form it was created in 1996. Glasgow was formerly governed by a corporation, also known as the town council, from the granting of its first burgh charter in the 1170s until 1975. From 1975 until 1996 the city was governed by City of Glasgow District Council, a lower-tier authority within the Strathclyde region.

Glasgow City Council has been under no overall control since 2017, being led by a Scottish National Party minority administration. The council has its headquarters at Glasgow City Chambers in George Square, completed in 1889.
Konetsgorye
Konetsgorye (Russian: Конецгорье) is the name of several rural localities in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia:

Konetsgorye, Pinezhsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, a village in Trufanogorsky Selsoviet of Pinezhsky District

Konetsgorye, Plesetsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, a village in Tarasovsky Selsoviet of Plesetsky District

Konetsgorye, Primorsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, a village in Lyavlensky Selsoviet of Primorsky District

Konetsgorye, Vinogradovsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, a village in Konetsgorsky Selsoviet of Vinogradovsky District

Pinezhsky District
Pinezhsky District (Пи́нежский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Pinezhsky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the oblast and borders with Mezensky District in the north, Leshukonsky District and Udorsky District of the Komi Republic in the east, Verkhnetoyemsky District in the south, Vinogradovsky District in the southwest, Kholmogorsky District in the west, and with Primorsky District in the northwest. Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Karpogory. District's population:  26,978 (2010 Census); 33,516 (2002 Census); 40,486 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Karpogory accounts for 16.5% of the district's total population.
1955 24 Hours of Le Mans
The 1955 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 23rd 24 Hours of Le Mans and took place on 11 and 12 June 1955 on Circuit de la Sarthe. It was also the fourth round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship. During the race, a crash killed driver Pierre Levegh and at least 81 spectators while injuring at least 120 others, making it the deadliest accident in motor racing history.

Élie Bayol
Élie Marcel Bayol (28 February 1914 – 25 May 1995) was a French racing driver who raced in Formula One for the O.S.C.A. and Gordini teams.  Bayol also raced sports cars, mostly driving DB-Panhards for the Deutsch Bonnet works team including winning the 750cc class and Index of Performance at the 1954 24 Hours of Le Mans.
Sylvia Froos
Sylvia Froos (April 19, 1914 – March 28, 2004), sometimes spelled as Sylvia Fross, was an American actress and singer who appeared on stage, radio, recordings, television, and film during the 1920s through the 1940s. She was a child star that was sometimes billed as Baby Sylvia and as the "Little Princess of Song" and in the UK as "America's Queen of Song". She was also referred to as "The Miniature Belle Baker", with her ability to mimic the vocal performances of celebrities being particularly noted by the media, and was additionally likened to Sophie Tucker and Marion Harris.

Stand Up and Cheer!
Stand Up and Cheer! is a 1934 American Pre-Code musical film directed by Hamilton MacFadden. The screenplay by Lew Brown and Ralph Spence was based upon a story idea by Will Rogers and Philip Klein. The film is about efforts undertaken during the Great Depression to boost the morale of the country. It is essentially a vehicle for a string of vaudeville acts and a few musical numbers. The film is best known for providing the first big breakthrough role for legendary child actress Shirley Temple. A little known bit player before the film, by the end of the year, she appeared in 10 movies, including 4 starring roles in major feature-length films.
First Pawar ministry
Sharad Pawar broke away in 1978 from Government of Maharashtra led by Vasantdada Patil of Indian National Congress, formed the Indian National Congress (Socialist), allied with the Janata party and the Peasants' and Workers' Party of India (PWP) to form a coalition government of the Progressive Democratic Front (PDF) or Purogami Lokshahi Aghadi. The Progressive Democratic Front government was sworn in on 18 July 1978. This government was dismissed on 18 February 1980 following Indira Gandhi's return to power at the Centre.

Vasantdada Patil
Vasantrao Banduji Patil (13 November 1917 – 1 March 1989) was an Indian politician from Sangli, Maharashtra. He was known as the first modern Maratha strongman and first mass leader in Maharashtrian politics.

Patil served as Chief Minister of Maharashtra from 17 May 1977 to 18 July 1978 and again from 2 February 1983 to 1 June 1985. He also served as the governor of Rajasthan for a little under two years from 1985 to 1987.
Mujum
Mujum is a village and jamoat in north-west Tajikistan. It is located in Devashtich District in Sughd Region. The jamoat has a total population of 27,835 (2015). It consists of 10 villages, including Mujum (the seat) and Istiqlol.

Devashtich District
Devashtich District (Russian: Район Деваштич; Tajik: Ноҳияи Деваштич; before 2016 Ghonchi District) is a district in the center of Sughd Region, Tajikistan, located south of the regional capital, Khujand and bordering Kyrgyzstan to the east. Its capital is Ghonchi (Ganchi in Russian transliteration). The population of the district is 173,500 (January 2020 estimate).
Hans M. Heybroek
Hans M. Heybroek (30 May 1927, Bussum, - 13 June 2022, Wassenaar) was a Dutch botanist best known for his research into the genus Ulmus at the Dorschkamp Research Institute for Forestry & Landscape Planning. Until his retirement in 1992, he was responsible for the raising and release of numerous elm hybrid cultivars, notably 'Columella'. Specializing in phytopathology, Heybroek also investigated the Coral Spot fungus Nectria cinnabarina in elm. In 1960 he travelled to the Kashmir to search for a frost-hardy form of the Himalayan Elm Ulmus wallichiana as a source of anti-fungal genes for use in the Dutch elm research programme.

Heybroek also collected cultural material from around Europe related to the elm.

Plant pathology
Plant pathology or phytopathology is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Plant pathology involves the study of pathogen identification, disease etiology, disease cycles, economic impact, plant disease epidemiology, plant disease resistance, how plant diseases affect humans and animals, pathosystem genetics, and management of plant diseases.
Louis O'Dea
Louis Edward O'Dea (died 19 February 1955) was an Irish politician and solicitor. He was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Sinn Féin Teachta Dála (TD) for the Galway constituency at the 1923 general election.  He did not take his seat in the Dáil due to Sinn Féin's abstentionist policy. He did not contest June 1927 general election. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the Galway West constituency at the 1938 general election. In 1944 as a member of Fianna Fáil, he was elected to the 5th Seanad on the Cultural and Educational Panel.

Abstentionism
Abstentionism is the political practice of standing for election to a deliberative assembly while refusing to take up any seats won or otherwise participate in the assembly's business. Abstentionism differs from an election boycott in that abstentionists participate in the election itself. Abstentionism has been used by Irish republican political movements in the United Kingdom and Ireland since the early 19th century. It was also used by Hungarian and Czech nationalists in the Austrian Imperial Council in the 1860s.
Joystick (magazine)
Joystick (formerly Joystick Hebdo) was a French computer magazine that published monthly issues on PC games. It was founded in 1988 by Marc Andersen, who later left in November 1995. Originally published in the form of a 32-page weekly magazine in 1988 and 1989, it saw monthly 148-page issues (and more) past 1990. It initially sold with one or more floppy disks and then later with several CD-ROMs, and finally, until April 2012, a DVD that included complete copies of video games. In 2012, Joystick ceased distribution.

Despite 80,000 unique visitors per month to Joystick's website, it was closed in March 2002 due to the lack of profitability. It reopened in early 2008 as a summary of the magazine, including video game reviews and video game news; it would be updated irregularly until June 2012.

Computer magazine
Computer magazines are about computers and related subjects, such as networking and the Internet. Most computer magazines offer (or offered) advice, some offer programming tutorials, reviews of the latest technologies, and advertisements.
Mississippi Valley Conference (Illinois)
The Mississippi Valley Conference is a high school athletic league in the Metro-East region of southwestern Illinois. It has schools from the counties of Jersey, Madison, Monroe, and St. Clair. All of its members are class "AA" in Illinois' two-class and three-class systems and "AAA" in the four-class system.

Jersey County, Illinois
Jersey County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. At the 2020 census, it had a population of 21,512. The county seat and largest community is Jerseyville, with a population of 8,337 in 2010. The county's smallest incorporated community is Otterville, with a population of 87.

Jersey County is included in the St. Louis, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Stearne Miller
Stearne Ball Miller QC (1813 – 2 May 1897) was an Irish Conservative Party barrister, judge and politician.

He was born in Armagh, son of the Reverend George Miller, the Anglican priest and noted historian, and Elizabeth Ball, daughter of Robert Ball of County Wicklow. He was called to the Bar in 1835, Queen's Counsel in 1852. He married Sarah Rutherford, daughter of M.B. Rutherford of Dublin. He lived at Rutland Square in Dublin.

Miller was first elected MP for Armagh City in 1857, but was defeated at the next election in 1859. He regained the seat at the 1865 election, but resigned after being appointed the judge in bankruptcy in 1867. He held office as the Irish Bankruptcy judge until his death in 1897.

Armagh
Armagh (/ɑːrˈmɑː/ ar-MAH; Irish: Ard Mhacha, IPA: [ˌaːɾˠd̪ˠ ˈwaxə], "Macha's height") is a city and the county town of County Armagh, in Northern Ireland, as well as a civil parish. It is the ecclesiastical capital of Ireland – the seat of the Archbishops of Armagh, the Primates of All Ireland for both the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of Ireland. In ancient times, nearby Navan Fort (Eamhain Mhacha) was a pagan ceremonial site and one of the great royal capitals of Gaelic Ireland. Today, Armagh is home to two cathedrals (both named after Saint Patrick) and the Armagh Observatory, and is known for its Georgian architecture.

Statistically classed as a medium-sized town by NISRA, Armagh was given city status in 1994 and Lord Mayoralty status in 2012. It had a population of 16,310 people in the 2021 Census.