hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Poupko
Poupko is a rabbinic family hailing from Russia. Led by Rabbi Eliezer, Av Beth Din of Velizh, and Pesha, noted female talmudist. All of their children went on to play an important role within world Jewry.

Genealogists speculate that Poupko derives from the Yiddish word meaning «doll» or «figurehead».

Pupko is a very common Lithuanian/Jewish ("Litvak") surname, especially around Lida, now in Belarus, but historically Lithuanian territory. Per the Yizkor of Lida article, "Jewish Family Names of Residents of Lida and Its Neighborhood", by Itchak Ganuz (Ganuzowitsch), translated by Rabbi David Haymowitz:  "Some family names' identity is not clear like PUPKO. Such a very common name in Lida according to the famous saying: “Where ever you find a Pupko, you look at a Lida man.” The ending of the family name of the “ko” is very common in the Ukrainian non-Jewish family names."

Beth din
A beth din (Hebrew: בֵּית דִּין, romanized: Bēṯ Dīn, Beit Din, lit. 'house of judgment', [beːθ ˈdiːn], Ashkenazic: beis din, plural: batei din) is a rabbinical court of Judaism. A hearing held before a beth din is called a din Torah (Hebrew: דין תורה, romanized: din Torah, lit. 'Torah law', plural dinei Torah). A beth din can be found both in Israel and in many Jewish diaspora communities.

A ruling (Hebrew: פסק, romanized: psak) from a beth din is based upon Jewish law (Hebrew: הלכה, romanized: halakha), though other legal systems are occasionally incorporated. Because it is not part of secular legal systems, when a case overlaps with secular courts its judgment is not always recognized by such courts.
2018 6 Hours of The Glen
The 2018 Sahlen's Six Hours of the Glen was an endurance race sanctioned by the International Motor Sports Association (IMSA). The race was held at Watkins Glen International in Watkins Glen, New York, on July 1, 2018. The race was the sixth round of the 2018 IMSA SportsCar Championship, as well as the third round of the 2018 Patron North American Endurance Cup.

João Barbosa
João Ricardo da Silva Coelho Barbosa (born 11 March 1975 in Porto, Portugal) is a Portuguese auto racing driver. He currently competes in the IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship for Sean Creech Motorsport in the LMP2 class.

Barbosa was runner-up in the GTS class of the Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series in 2003 and fifth in the DP class in 2008, accumulating a total of seven overall victories. Barbosa won the 2010 and 2014, and was third in 2009 and 2011 and fourth in 2007 and 2013. Also resulted fourth in the 2007 24 Hours of Le Mans and 2012 12 Hours of Sebring.
Kilo-
Kilo is a unit prefix in the metric system of measurement, denoting multiplication by one thousand (103). The International System of Units reserves the lowercase symbol k.

Kilo is derived from the Greek word χίλιοι (chilioi), meaning "thousand".

In 19th century English the prefix was sometimes spelled chilio, in line with a puristic opinion by Thomas Young. As an opponent of suggestions to introduce the metric system in Britain, he qualified the nomenclature adopted in France as barbarous.

Thomas Young (scientist)
Thomas Young FRS (13 June 1773 – 10 May 1829) was a British polymath who made notable contributions to the fields of vision, light, solid mechanics, energy, physiology, language, musical harmony, and Egyptology. He was instrumental in the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, specifically the Rosetta Stone.

Young's work influenced that of William Herschel, Hermann von Helmholtz, James Clerk Maxwell, and Albert Einstein. Young is credited with establishing Christiaan Huygens' wave theory of light, in contrast to the corpuscular theory of Isaac Newton. Young's work was subsequently supported by the work of Augustin-Jean Fresnel.
Underplayed
Underplayed is a 2020 Canadian documentary film, directed by Stacey Lee. The film profiles various women in electronic music, centring in large part on their struggles to be taken as seriously as male counterparts during the 2019 music festival season due to continued gender inequality in the music business.

Artists profiled in the film include Rezz, Nervo, Nightwave, Sherelle, Tygapaw, Tokimonsta and Alison Wonderland. It also contextualizes the broader history of women in electronic music, including information about pioneers such as Delia Derbyshire, Suzanne Ciani and Daphne Oram.

Daphne Oram
Daphne Blake Oram (31 December 1925 – 5 January 2003) was a British composer and electronic musician. She was one of the first British composers to produce electronic sound, and was an early practitioner of musique concrète in the UK. As a co-founder of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop, she was central to the development of British electronic music. Her uncredited scoring work on the 1961 film The Innocents helped to pioneer the electronic soundtrack.

Oram was the creator of the Oramics technique for graphical sound. She was the first woman to independently direct and set up a personal electronic music studio, and the first woman to design and construct an electronic musical instrument. In her book An Individual Note of Music, Sound and Electronics (1971) she explored philosophical themes related to acoustics and electronic composition.
Wiremu Hikairo
Wiremu Hikairo (c. 1780/90 – 28 October 1851) was a New Zealand tribal leader and peacemaker. Of Māori descent, he identified with the Ngāti Rangiwewehi iwi. He was born in Puhirua or Te Awahou, on the northern shore of Lake Rotorua, New Zealand.

Ngāti Rangiwewehi
Ngāti Rangiwewehi is a New Zealand Māori iwi (tribe) of the Te Arawa confederation.

A Ngāti Rangiwewehi kapa haka group was founded in 1968 and has published their own songs and participated in various music festivals such as Te Matatini. The tribe is a two-time contest winners. They won their first contest in 1983 and their last one was in 1996.

Te Arawa FM is the radio station of Te Arawa iwi. It was established in the early 1980s and became a charitable entity in November 1990. The station underwent a major transformation in 1993, becoming Whanau FM. One of the station's frequencies was taken over by Mai FM in 1998; the other became Pumanawa FM before later reverting to Te Arawa FM. It is available on 89.0 FM in Rotorua.
St. Seii
Jalal St. Toby Iyonagbe, known professionally as St. Seii, is a Nigerian singer-songwriter and rapper. He is best known for his extended play Bittersweet, which debuted on Nigeria Spotify Top Albums chart alongside Burna Boy, Asa, Simi according to Vanguard Nigeria. It also ranked among the top 10 most trending albums on Audiomack all genres. He is also known for his single "Jefa" which earned him his first chart entry on Nigeria TurnTable Top 50 single chart and was ranked number 9 on TurnTable's NXT Emerging Top Artistes, "Jefa" also debuted on the Spotify Viral Top 50.

TurnTable
TurnTable is a Nigerian music and entertainment magazine founded by Ayomide Oriowo, and Similoluwa Adegoke. TurnTable focuses primarily on music charts, news, and events. Its music charts include the Top 100, and the Year-End chart. TurnTable magazine has two issues, and its first issue was published on 19 December 2020, by Similoluwa Adegoke. Its issues are printed in English language. In 2023 the magazine launched its music recording certification, TurnTable Certification System of Nigeria to represent the recording certification system of music industry in Nigeria.
Phosphoglycerate kinase
Phosphoglycerate kinase (EC 2.7.2.3) (PGK 1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transfer of a phosphate group from 1,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid (1,3-BPG) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) producing 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PG) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP):

Like all kinases it is a transferase. PGK is a major enzyme used in glycolysis, in the first ATP-generating step of the glycolytic pathway. In gluconeogenesis, the reaction catalyzed by PGK proceeds in the opposite direction, generating ADP and 1,3-BPG.

In humans, two isozymes of PGK have been so far identified, PGK1 and PGK2. The isozymes have 87-88% identical amino acid sequence identity and though they are structurally and functionally similar, they have different localizations: PGK2, encoded by an autosomal gene, is unique to meiotic and postmeiotic spermatogenic cells, while PGK1, encoded on the X-chromosome, is ubiquitously expressed in all cells.

Isozyme
In biochemistry, isozymes (also known as isoenzymes or more generally as multiple forms of enzymes or isoforms) are enzymes that differ in amino acid sequence but catalyze the same chemical reaction.  Isozymes usually have different kinetic parameters (e.g. different KM values), or are regulated differently.  They permit the fine-tuning of metabolism to meet the particular needs of a given tissue or developmental stage.

In many cases, isozymes are encoded by homologous genes that have diverged over time.  Strictly speaking, enzymes with different amino acid sequences that catalyse the same reaction are isozymes if encoded by different genes, or allozymes if encoded by different alleles of the same gene; the two terms are often used interchangeably.
Roland Zielke
Roland Zielke (born 30 July 1946 in Opladen) is a German politician for the Free Democratic Party.

He studied mathematics in Cologne, Columbus and Konstanz. He received his doctor in mathematics in 1971. He went on to study medicine in Münster and received his doctorate in medicine in 1988. From 1975 to 2003 he was professor for applied mathematics at Osnabrück University.

He was elected to the Landtag of Lower Saxony in 2003, and has been re-elected on one occasion. He was member of the Landtag from 2003 to 2013.

Opladen
Opladen, now a district of Leverkusen, used to be the capital of the Rhein-Wupper-Kreis (Rhine-Wupper-District) until 1975. Opladen station is located 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) northeast from Cologne on the railway to Wuppertal. It is also on the Autobahn A3. Population (1905) was 6338, (1975) 42,000.

Opladen has several Evangelical and Roman Catholic churches. It used to have dyeing works, manufactures of dynamite, indigo products, publishing companies and a railway plant. Before passing to Prussia, Opladen belonged to the duchy of Berg.
Heinrich Sterr
Heinrich Sterr (24 September 1919 – 26 November 1944) was a World War II Luftwaffe military aviator. As a flying ace, he is credited with 130 aerial victories predominantly claimed on the Eastern Front. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, the highest award in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II. On 26 November 1944, he was shot down and killed in action by USAAF fighters.

German Cross
The War Order of the German Cross (German: Der Kriegsorden Deutsches Kreuz), normally abbreviated to the German Cross or Deutsches Kreuz, was instituted by Adolf Hitler on 28 September 1941. It was awarded in two divisions: in gold for repeated acts of bravery or military leadership; and in silver for distinguished non-combat war service. The German Cross in Gold ranked higher than the Iron Cross First Class but below the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, while the German Cross in Silver ranked higher than the War Merit Cross First Class with Swords but below the Knight's Cross of the War Merit Cross with Swords.
Beacon Hill Community School
Beacon Hill Community School is a coeducational secondary school located in Aspatria is the English county of Cumbria.

It is a community school administered by Cumberland Council, and is the feeder school for Oughterside Primary School and  Richmond Hill School in Aspatria, Blennerhasset School in Blennerhasset, St Michael's CE Primary School in Bothel, Plumbland CE School in Parsonby and St Matthew's CE School in Westnewton.

Beacon Hill Community School offers GCSEs and BTECs as programmes of study for pupils. The school shares a governing body with Solway Community School as part of the Cumbria Futures Federation.

The school also has a relationship with Aspatria Hornets Rugby Club, with the school using the clubs facilities.

Blennerhasset and Torpenhow
Blennerhasset and Torpenhow is a civil parish in Cumbria, England. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 437, reducing to 423 at the 2011 Census.  It includes the villages of Blennerhasset grid reference NY178415  and Torpenhow at NY202397 and the smaller settlement of Kirkland Guards at NY187401. It is located just outside the Lake District National Park. Baggrow railway station was immediately north of Blennerhasset.

The local pronunciation of Torpenhow is trə-PEN-ə (/trəˈpɛnə/ ⓘ), rather than the more intuitive TOR-pən-how (/ˈtɔːrpənhaʊ/). Blennerhasset is pronounced blen-RAY-sit (/blɛnˈreɪsɪt/) instead of BLEN-ər-hass-it (/ˈblɛnərhæsɪt/) as would be expected outside of Cumbria.

St Michael's Church, Torpenhow has a Norman chancel arch with a remarkable carving of interlocking human figures, and a painted wooden ceiling.
Pycnochromis vanderbilti
Pycnochromis vanderbilti, commonly known as Vanderbilt's chromis, is a species of damselfish native to the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. The specific name honours the yachtsman and explorer George Washington Vanderbilt III (1914–1961), the organiser of an expedition to Oahu in 1940 during which the type was collected. In naming this species Fowler acknowledged Vanderbilt for his role in developing the collection of fishes at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

Exploration
Exploration is the process of exploring, an activity which has some expectation of discovery. Organised exploration is largely a human activity, but exploratory activity is common to most organisms capable of directed locomotion and the ability to learn, and has been described in, amongst others, social insects foraging behaviour, where feedback from returning individuals affects the activity of other members of the group.
SU-152G
The SU-152G (Russian: СУ-152Г, GABTU index "Object 108") was a Soviet experimental 152-mm self-propelled howitzer or Russian: Samokhodnaya Ustanovka, and was designed by OKB-3 of the heavy machine construction division of Uralmash. The main designer of the SU-152G was Lev Gorlitsky. The SU-152G was intended to suppress and destroy enemy firing positions, engage enemy armored vehicles, as well as conducting area denial and counter-battery tasks.

Lev Gorlitsky
Lev Izrailevich Gorlitsky (Russian: Лев Израилевич Горлицкий) (3 March 1906 - 2 November 2003) was a Jewish Soviet weapons designer. Under the guidance of Gorlitsky special artillery pieces were designed to be mounted on T-34 self-propelled guns.
Von Graefe's sign
Von Graefe's sign is the lagging of the upper eyelid on downward rotation of the eye, indicating exophthalmic goiter (Graves' disease). It is a dynamic sign, whereas lid lag is a static sign which may also be present in cicatricial eyelid retraction or congenital ptosis.

A pseudo Graefe's sign (pseudo lid lag) shows a similar lag, but is due to aberrant regeneration of fibres of the oculomotor nerve (III) into the elevator of the upper lid. It occurs in paramyotonia congenita.
A pseudo Graefe's sign is most commonly manifested in just one eye but can occasionally be observed in both.  The reason only one eye is affected is not yet clear.

Paramyotonia congenita
Paramyotonia congenita (PC) is a rare congenital autosomal dominant neuromuscular disorder characterized by "paradoxical" myotonia. This type of myotonia has been termed paradoxical because it becomes worse with exercise whereas classical myotonia, as seen in myotonia congenita, is alleviated by exercise. PC is also distinguished as it can be induced by cold temperatures. Although more typical of the periodic paralytic disorders, patients with PC may also have potassium-provoked paralysis. PC typically presents within the first decade of life and has 100% penetrance. Patients with this disorder commonly present with myotonia in the face or upper extremities. The lower extremities are generally less affected. While some other related disorders result in muscle atrophy, this is not normally the case with PC. This disease can also present as hyperkalemic periodic paralysis and there is debate as to whether the two disorders are actually distinct.
Vennila Kabaddi Kuzhu 2
Vennila Kabaddi Kuzhu 2 (transl. White Moon Kabaddi Team 2) is a 2019 Indian Tamil-language sports action film directed by Selva Sekaran. A sequel to Vennila Kabadi Kuzhu (2009), the film is written by the original's director Suseenthiran and features Vikranth and Arthana Binu. An ensemble cast including Pasupathy, Kishore, Anupama Kumar, Soori, Appukutty, and Ganja Karuppu also plays pivotal roles. Featuring music composed by V. Selvaganesh, the venture began production in December 2016 and was released on 12 July 2019.

Ganja Karuppu
Karuppu Raja, known for his stage name Ganja Karuppu (born 5 January 1976), is an Indian actor who has predominantly appeared in comedy roles in Tamil cinema. After making his debut in Bala's Pithamagan (2003), Ganja Karuppu experienced success in the late 2000s with his roles in Raam (2005),  Sivakasi (2005), Paruthiveeran (2007), Subramaniyapuram (2008) and Naadodigal (2009).
Craster Lifeboat Station
Craster Lifeboat Station is located at West End, in the small harbour village of Craster, situated mid-way between Seahouses and Amble, on the coast of Northumberland, England.

An Inshore lifeboat was first stationed in Craster by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) in August 1969.

The station currently operates a D-class (IB1) Inshore lifeboat, Skpr James Ballard RNVR DSC (D-839), on station since 2019.

Craster
Craster is a small fishing village on the  Northumberland coast of England, eight miles (13 km) from Alnwick. The next village to the north is Embleton. It is within the Northumberland Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
StGiNU
StGiNU (acronym for Stop the Genocide in Northern Uganda) is an advocacy group formed in the beginning of 2005 by Ugandans living in the United Kingdom. At that time, the situation in the concentration camps in Northern Uganda was claiming lives more than cross fire casualties. In the same year 2005, the Ugandan World Health Organization reported that there were 5000 excess deaths per week due to camp conditions alone.

Jan Egeland UN's Undersecretary General for Humanitarian Affairs stated that the Northern Uganda situation was worse than Iraq. Another UN representative Olara Otunnu said the situation in Northern Uganda was a secret genocide.

StGiNU group carried out their main public demonstration on the 16 April 2005 in Downing Street, and handed a petition to UK PM Tony Blair. Copies of the petition documents were later on sent to several governments including the United Nations office.  The documents can be accessed here.

Olara Otunnu
Olara A. Otunnu (born 6 September 1950) is a Ugandan politician, diplomat, and lawyer. He was President of the Uganda People's Congress (UPC), a political party, from 2010 to 2015 and stood as the party's candidate in the 2011 presidential election. Otunnu was Uganda's Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1980 to 1985 and served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1985 to 1986. Later, he was President of the International Peace Academy from 1990 to 1998, and an Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations and Special Representative for Children and Armed Conflict from 1997 to 2005.
Tenidap
Tenidap was a COX/5-LOX inhibitor and cytokine-modulating anti-inflammatory drug candidate that was under development by Pfizer as a promising potential treatment for rheumatoid arthritis,  but Pfizer halted development after marketing approval was rejected by the FDA in 1996 due to liver and kidney toxicity, which was attributed to metabolites of the drug with a thiophene moiety that caused oxidative damage.

Anti-inflammatory
Anti-inflammatory refers to any drug, substance or mechanism that reduces inflammation by lessening the redness, swelling, fever, or pain and loss of function which are part of bodies inflammatory response. Anti-inflammatory drugs are agents that inhibit action or production of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, histamines and prostaglandins. These drugs reduce pain by inhibiting mechanisms of inflammation, as opposed to opioids, which affect the central nervous system to block pain.

Common anti-inflammatory drugs include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, antileukotrienes, and monoclonal antibodies.
The Escape (1928 film)
The Escape is a 1928 American silent drama film directed by Richard Rosson and written by Garrett Graham and Paul Schofield. It is based on the 1913 play The Escape by Paul Armstrong. The film stars William Russell, Virginia Valli, Nancy Drexel, George Meeker, William Demarest, and James Gordon. The film was released on April 29, 1928, by Fox Film Corporation.

Richard Rosson
Richard Rosson (April 4, 1893 – May 31, 1953) was an American film director and actor. As an actor, he was known for the nearly 100 films he was in during the silent era. As a director, he directed the logging sequences in the 1936 film Come and Get It.
Fibromatosis
The term fibromatosis refers to a group of soft tissue tumors which have certain characteristics in common, including absence of cytologic and clinical malignant features, a histology consistent with proliferation of well-differentiated fibroblasts, an infiltrative growth pattern, and aggressive clinical behavior with frequent local recurrence. It is classed by the World Health Organization as an intermediate soft tissue tumor related to the sarcoma family. Arthur Purdy Stout coined the term fibromatosis (in the name congenital generalized fibromatosis, describing myofibromatosis), in 1954.

Fibroblast
A fibroblast is a type of biological cell typically with a spindle shape that synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen, produces the structural framework (stroma) for animal tissues, and plays a critical role in wound healing. Fibroblasts are the most common cells of connective tissue in animals.
Hokuriku Railroad Asanogawa Line
The Asanogawa Line (浅野川線, Asanogawa-sen) is a Japanese railway line which connects Kanazawa Station in Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture with Uchinada Station in Uchinada, Ishikawa Prefecture. It is owned and operated by Hokuriku Railroad. Due to its history as the former Asanogawa Electric Railway, the line is often referred to as the Asaden (浅電).

Uchinada, Ishikawa
Uchinada (内灘町, Uchinada-machi) is a town located in Kahoku District, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 28 February 2018, the town had an estimated population of 26,811 in 10783 households, and a population density of 1300 persons per km2. The total area of the town was 20.33 square kilometres (7.85 sq mi).
1982 Women's Nordic Football Championship
1982 Women's Nordic Football Championship was the ninth and last edition of the Women's Nordic Football Championship tournament. It was held from 14 July to 18 July in Herning, Kolding and Vejle in Denmark.

Kolding
Kolding (Danish pronunciation: [ˈkʰʌle̝ŋ]) is a Danish seaport city located at the head of Kolding Fjord in the Region of Southern Denmark. It is the seat of Kolding Municipality. It is a transportation, commercial, and manufacturing centre and has numerous industrial companies, principally geared towards shipbuilding. The manufacturing of machinery and textiles and livestock export are other economically significant activities.

With a population of 95,897 (1 January 2025), the Kolding municipality is the eleventh most populous in Denmark. The city itself has a population of 63,645 (1 January 2025) and is the eighth largest city in Denmark.

The city is part of the Triangle Region, which includes the neighbouring cities of Fredericia and Vejle. The city was recognized as a "Design City" by UNESCO in 2017.