hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Bickford (bobsleigh)
James John Bickford (November 2, 1912 – October 3, 1989) was an American bobsledder who competed from the late 1930s to the mid-1950s. Competing in four Winter Olympics, he won a bronze medal in the four-man event at St. Moritz in 1948.

Bickford also carried the United States flag during the opening ceremonies of the 1952 and 1956 Winter Olympics.

At the FIBT World Championships, he won three medals with one silver (Four-man: 1949) and two bronzes (Two-man: 1954, Four-man: 1937).

St. Moritz
St. Moritz is a high Alpine resort town in the Engadine in Switzerland, at an elevation of about 1,800 metres (5,910 ft) above sea level. It is Upper Engadine's major town and a municipality in the administrative region of Maloja in the Swiss canton of the Grisons.

St. Moritz lies on the southern slopes of the Albula Alps below the Piz Nair (3,056 m or 10,026 ft) overlooking the flat and wide glaciated valley of the Upper Engadine and Lake St. Moritz. It hosted the Winter Olympics in 1928 and 1948.
Walter Coates
Walter Albert Coates (4 April 1895 – 8 November 1936) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Fulham, Hartlepools United, Leeds United and Newport County.

Four years after his last professional game, Coates was found lying unconscious on the Burnhope Road in Lanchester. He died the following day, having never regained consciousness, and was suspected of having had a seizure.

Lanchester, County Durham
Lanchester  is a village and civil parish in County Durham, England, 8 miles (13 km) west of Durham and 5 miles (8 km) from Consett. It had a population at the 2011 Census of 4,054.

Although there was a small drift mine on the edge of the village which closed in the 1970s, Lanchester's economy was mainly based on agriculture. It is now a residential village in which a number of housing estates have been developed since the late 1960s.
Banks–Zaks fixed point
In quantum chromodynamics (and also N = 1 super quantum chromodynamics) with massless flavors, if the number of flavors, Nf, is sufficiently small (i.e. small enough to guarantee asymptotic freedom, depending on the number of colors), the theory can flow to an interacting conformal fixed point of the renormalization group. If the value of the coupling at that point is less than one (i.e. one can perform perturbation theory in weak coupling), then the fixed point is called a Banks–Zaks fixed point.  The existence of the fixed point was first reported in 1974 by Alexander Belavin and Alexander A. Migdal and by William E. Caswell, and later used by Tom Banks and Alex Zaks in their analysis of the phase structure of vector-like gauge theories with massless fermions. The name Caswell–Banks–Zaks fixed point is also used.

Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics)
In quantum mechanics, perturbation theory is a set of approximation schemes directly related to mathematical perturbation for describing a complicated quantum system in terms of a simpler, known system. The idea is to start with a simple system for which a mathematical solution is known (e.g. the time-independent Schrödinger equation: ) and add an additional "perturbing" Hamiltonian () representing a weak disturbance to the known system to the original Hamiltonian () of the known system (i.e. ). If the disturbance is small, the new energy levels and eigenstates of the perturbed system can be expressed as "corrections" to the known energy levels and eigenstates of the simpler system. These corrections can be made at progressively smaller orders of magnitude until an n-th order that is so small a correction that it is negligible to the accuracy of the approximation.
Dice (horse)
Dice (1925–1927) was an American Champion Thoroughbred racehorse. Bred by Harry Payne Whitney, he was purchased as a yearling by Gladys Mills Phipps who raced him under her Wheatley Stable banner.

After making a winning debut in an overnight race at Jamaica Race Course in New York, Dice went on to win four straight important races for his age group. After a one-mile workout at Saratoga Race Course in preparation for the following weeks Saratoga Special Stakes, Dice suddenly began bleeding from the nostrils and died.

Dice was retrospectively voted co-winner with Reigh Count as the American Champion Two-Year-Old Colt for 1927, an award won by his sire Dominant in 1915.

Eclipse Award
The Eclipse Award is an American Thoroughbred horse racing award named after the 18th-century British racehorse and sire, Eclipse.

An Eclipse Award Trophy is presented to the winner in each division. The trophy is made by a few small selected American foundries with expertise in studio bronze casting. It is then mounted on the hand-crafted native Kentucky walnut base to comprise the Eclipse Award on which a brass plate recites the award winner.

The equivalent award in Australia is the Australian Thoroughbred racing awards, in Canada the Sovereign Awards, and in Europe, the Cartier Racing Awards.
John Cecil, 7th Earl of Exeter
John Cecil, 7th Earl of Exeter (c. 1700–1722) was an English peer and member of the House of Lords, styled Lord Burghley from 1721 to 1722.

He inherited the earldom in 1721. His parents were John Cecil, 6th Earl of Exeter, and Elizabeth Brownlow, daughter of Sir John Brownlow, 3rd Baronet. He was Keeper of the Westhay Walk, Bailiwick of Cliffe, Rockingham Forest. He was succeeded by his brother, Brownlow Cecil, 8th Earl of Exeter.

Sir John Brownlow, 3rd Baronet
Sir John Brownlow, 3rd Baronet (26 June 1659 – 16 July 1697) of Belton House near Grantham in Lincolnshire, was an English member of parliament. He built the grand mansion of Belton House, which survives today.
Fittipaldi F5
The Fittipaldi F5 was a Formula One car for the 1977 Formula One season. It was driven by Brazilian Emerson Fittipaldi. The engine was a Ford Cosworth DFV, with the car achieving three of the team's 11 points from the season. The car was modified to become the F5A, which was used for the 1978 season and part of the 1979 season. Fittipaldi was the sole driver of the car in all three seasons. The car was succeeded by the Fittipaldi F6A.

After Formula One, F5 cars continued to be used in the Aurora F1 Championship in 1978, 1979, and 1980 and later in historic racing.

Historic motorsport
Historic motorsport or vintage motorsport,  is motorsport with vehicles limited to a particular era. Only safety precautions are modernized in these hobbyist races. A historical event can be of various types of motorsport disciplines, from road racing to rallying.
2022 Texas Bowl (December)
The 2022 Texas Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 28, 2022, at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas. The 16th annual Texas Bowl, the game featured Texas Tech from the Big 12 Conference and Ole Miss from the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The game began at 8:09 p.m. CST and was aired on ESPN. It was one of the 2022–23 bowl games concluding the 2022 FBS football season. Sponsored by tax preparation software company TaxAct, the game was officially known as the TaxAct Texas Bowl.

TaxAct
TaxAct Holdings, Inc. is an American tax preparation software company based in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. The company offers its own software package "TaxAct" to individual tax registers, companies and professional affiliates. The company was founded in 1998.
Israel–Turkey relations
The State of Israel and Turkey formally established diplomatic relations in March 1949. Less than a year after the Israeli Declaration of Independence, Turkey recognized Israeli sovereignty, making it the world's first Muslim-majority country to do so. Both countries gave high priority to bilateral cooperation in the areas of diplomacy and military/strategic ties, while sharing concerns with respect to the regional instabilities in the Middle East.

In recent decades, particularly under Turkey's Erdoğan administration, the two countries' relationship with each other has deteriorated considerably. However, diplomatic ties were reinstated after a normalization initiative in mid-2022. Relations soured again after the October 7 attacks and Gaza war, with Turkey condemning Israel and backing Hamas. On 13 November 2024, Erdoğan announced his intention to sever Turkey's diplomatic relations with Israel.

Israel Katz
Israel Katz (Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל כַּ״ץ; born 21 September 1955) is an Israeli politician and member of the Knesset for Likud currently serving as Minister of Defense and a member of the Security Cabinet of Israel. Katz has been recognized for his role in modernizing Israel's transportation infrastructure, including the expansion of highways, the development of high-speed rail, and reforms to Israel's ports that increased competition and reduced shipping costs. Katz has previously served as Minister of Agriculture, Minister of Transport, Minister of Intelligence, Minister of Energy, Minister of Finance, and twice as Minister of Foreign Affairs. On 5 November 2024, it was announced that he would be nominated by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu as Defense Minister after Yoav Gallant was dismissed.
Birbal Dhar
Birbal Dhar was a Kashmiri Pandit and noble in the early 19th century who led a deputation which persuaded Sikh ruler Maharaja Ranjit Singh to invade Kashmir Valley in 1819, effectively ending the Afghan and Muslim rule in Kashmir.

Birbal Dhar was the leading tax collector under the Afghan government from 1813 to 1819. After suffering from mistreatment on the hands of the Afghan governor Jabbar Khan Barakzai, he left for Punjab to sought help from Ranjit Singh in freeing Kashmir from Afghan rule. He was accompanied with several other Kashmiri nobles, most notably Mirza Pandit Dhar. He guided the Sikh army into Kashmir leading to the Sikh victory in the Battle of Shopian. After the Sikh conquest he was appointed on his earlier position again, but was dismissed on the allegations of corruption in 1821 which are said to be politically motivated and spent the rest of his life in obscurity.

Kashmiri Pandits
The Kashmiri Pandits (also known as Kashmiri Brahmins) are a group of Kashmiri Hindus and a part of the larger Saraswat Brahmin community of India. They belong to the Pancha Gauda Brahmin group from the Kashmir Valley, located within the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
Kashmiri Pandits are Hindu Kashmiris native to the Kashmir Valley, and the only remaining Hindu Kashmiris after the large-scale conversion of the Valley's population to Islam during medieval times. Prompted by the growth of Islamic militancy in the valley, large numbers left in the exodus of the 1990s. Even so, small numbers remain.
Meetha Khatta Pyaar Hamara
Meetha Khatta Pyaar Hamara (transl.  Our Sweet and Sour Love) is an Indian Hindi-language drama television series that aired from 24 April 2024 to 10 July 2024 on StarPlus and streams digitally on Disney+ Hotstar. Produced by Panorama Entertainment Pvt. Ltd, it is a remake of Star Pravah's Muramba. It starred Prerna Singh, Avinash Mishra and Aarchi Sachdeva.

Star Pravah
Star Pravah is an Indian Marathi language general entertainment pay television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Viacom18 and Disney India. It primarily telecasts family dramas, comedies, reality shows and films.
Perspektyva Stock Exchange
Perspektiva Stock Exchange (Stock Exchange "Perspektiva" PJSC) is a Ukrainian stock exchange, which has Ukrainian beneficiaries (1), domestically developed software (2), and the active use of electronic documents management (ED) and digital signature (DS), developed in full accordance with requirements of the Ukrainian law.

These are the most important distinctions in comparison with two other high-tech Stock Exchanges, which operates on the Ukrainian stock market (PFTS and Ukrainian Exchange). They use the software of their parent company Moscow Exchange, which belongs to state institutions of the Russian Federation (including the Central Bank of Russia).

Moscow Exchange
The Moscow Exchange (MOEX; Russian: Московская биржа, romanized: Moskovskaya birzha, IPA: [mɐˈskofskəjə ˈbʲirʐə]) is the largest exchange in Russia, operating trading markets in equities, bonds, derivatives, the foreign exchange market, money markets, and precious metals. The Moscow Exchange also operates Russia's central securities depository, the National Settlement Depository (NSD), and the country's largest clearing service provider, the National Clearing Centre. The exchange was formed in 2011 in a merger of the Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange and the Russian Trading System.

At the end of 2023, the total trading volume on MOEX platforms reached 1.3 quadrillion rubles (about $14 trillion).
Christenberry
Christenberry is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Herbert William Christenberry (1897–1975), American judge

James Robinson Christenberry (1926–1973), American lawyer, farmer, and politician

Robert K. Christenberry (1899–1973), American businessman and political figure

William Christenberry (1936–2016), American photographer, painter, sculptor, and teacher

Robert K. Christenberry
Robert Keaton Christenberry (January 27, 1899 – April 13, 1973) was an American businessman and political figure who served as president of the Hotel Astor, chairman of the New York State Athletic Commission and Postmaster of New York City and was the Republican nominee in the 1957 New York City mayoral election.
Stemilt Growers
Stemilt Growers is an American company owned by the Mathison family that grows, packs, and ships fruits. Based in Wenatchee, Washington, Stemilt is the largest fresh market sweet cherry shipper in the world, and one of the nation's largest grower-packer-shippers of apples, pears, cherries, and stone fruit. Its signature apple varieties include Piñata, Honeycrisp, Gala, and Pink Lady. The company is also a leader in organic fruit production, producing 26% of Washington's organic apples and 32% of the Pacific Northwest's organic pears. In 2008, the company shipped over 20 million boxes of fruit and employed 1,500 people full-time.

Gala (apple)
Gala is an apple cultivar with a sweet, mild flavor, a crisp but not hard texture, and a striped or mottled orange or reddish appearance. Originating from New Zealand in the 1930s, similar to most named apples it is clonally propagated. Easy to grow, the Gala is one of the top commercial apple varieties today and one of the most popular in North America.
11-Deoxycorticosterone
11-Deoxycorticosterone (DOC), or simply deoxycorticosterone, also known as 21-hydroxyprogesterone, as well as desoxycortone (INN), deoxycortone, and cortexone, is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal gland that possesses mineralocorticoid activity and acts as a precursor to aldosterone. It is an active (Na+-retaining) mineralocorticoid. As its names indicate, 11-deoxycorticosterone can be understood as the 21-hydroxy-variant of progesterone or as the 11-deoxy-variant of corticosterone.

DOCA is the abbreviation for the ester 11-deoxycorticosterone acetate.

Hydroxy group
In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula −OH and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry, alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy groups. Both the negatively charged anion HO−, called hydroxide, and the neutral radical HO·, known as the hydroxyl radical, consist of an unbonded hydroxy group.

According to IUPAC definitions, the term hydroxyl refers to the hydroxyl radical (·OH) only, while the functional group −OH is called a hydroxy group.
Alvin Independent School District
Alvin Independent School District is a school district based in Alvin, Texas, U.S.

Alvin ISD is a large suburban school district south of Houston which includes the following areas: the majority of Alvin, Manvel, Hillcrest, Iowa Colony, Liverpool, and portions of Pearland. It also serves Amsterdam and some areas with Rosharon postal addresses. Alvin ISD serves Pearland city's rapidly growing western portion of the city including the new large master-planned communities of Shadow Creek Ranch, South Fork, and Southern Trails.  Alvin ISD covers 252 square miles (650 km2) of land.

Planned community
A planned community, planned city, planned town, or planned settlement is any community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically constructed on previously undeveloped land. This contrasts with settlements that evolve organically.

The term new town refers to planned communities of the new towns movement in particular, mainly in the United Kingdom. It was also common in the European colonization of the Americas to build according to a plan either on fresh ground or on the ruins of earlier Native American villages.

A model city is a type of planned city designed to a high standard and intended as a model for others to imitate. The term was first used in 1854.
Renato Gotti
Renato Gotti (born 26 July 1964) is a former Italian male long-distance runner who competed at three editions of the IAAF World Cross Country Championships at senior level (1992, 1993, 1994). He won two national championships at senior level (5000 metres: 1992, 1994).

World Athletics Cross Country Championships
World Athletics Cross Country Championships is the most important competition in international cross country running. Formerly held annually and organised by World Athletics (formerly the IAAF), it was inaugurated in 1973, when it replaced the International Cross Country Championships. It was an annual competition until 2011, when World Athletics changed it to a biennial event.
2014 Texas elections
Elections were held in Texas on November 4, 2014. All of Texas's executive officers were up for election as well as a United States Senate seat, and all of Texas's thirty-six seats in the United States House of Representatives. Primary elections were held on March 4, 2014. Primary runoffs, required if no candidate wins a majority of the vote, were held on May 27, 2014. Elections were also held for the Texas legislature and proposition 1, seeking funds for Texas highways (which passed).

A combination of retirements, incumbents seeking other offices and a primary defeat means that after the election, for the first time since 1874, all of Texas's executive offices were held by new officeholders.

The Tea Party made large gains in the 2014 elections, with Tea Party-backed candidates being elected into offices such as lieutenant governor and attorney general, among other offices.

Lieutenant Governor of Texas
The lieutenant governor of Texas is the second-highest constitutional officer in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the second-highest rank in the state government, behind only the governor.

The lieutenant governor serves as the first person in the gubernatorial line of succession, as an ex officio member of several state boards, and as the president of the Texas Senate. Unlike most lieutenant governors in the U.S., whose position in their respective state senates are largely ceremonial, the lieutenant governor of Texas plays an active role in running the chamber.

The lieutenant governor is elected every four years during the state's midterm elections. It is elected separately from the governor and has no term limits. The current lieutenant governor is Dan Patrick, who has served since January 20, 2015.
Trent Lott International Airport
Trent Lott International Airport (IATA: PGL, ICAO: KPQL, FAA LID: PQL) is a county-owned public-use airport located in Moss Point, approximately six miles (9.7 km) north of the central business district of Pascagoula, a city in Jackson County, Mississippi, United States. The airport is named for Trent Lott, a former United States Senator from Mississippi.

Although many U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, Trent Lott International Airport is assigned PQL by the FAA and PGL by the IATA. PGL was formerly assigned to Jackson County Airport in Pascagoula which closed sometime between 1982 and 1989.

DayJet provided an on-demand jet air taxi service from this airport to Jacksonville, Lakeland, Tallahassee, Pensacola, Gainesville, Boca Raton, Opa-Locka/Miami Dade County, Naples, Sarasota/Bradenton, Savannah, Macon, and Montgomery. This service ended in September 2008.

Jackson County, Mississippi
Jackson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 143,252, making it the fifth-most populous county in Mississippi. Its county seat is Pascagoula. The county was named for Andrew Jackson, general in the United States Army and afterward President of the United States. Jackson County is included in the Pascagoula, MS Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located at the southeastern tip of the state. The county has sandy soil and is in the Piney Woods area. It borders the state of Alabama on its east side. The county was severely damaged by both Hurricane Camille in August 1969 and Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005, which caused catastrophic effects.

The county bears no relation with the state capital of Jackson, which is one of the two county seats of Hinds County, along with the city of Raymond.
Simone Courvoisier
Simone Courvoisier was a French experimental pharmacologist who, while the head of pharmacology at Rhône-Poulenc in the 1950s, investigated the use of the antipsychotic medication chlorpromazine. She discovered that the compound promazine had sedating properties despite not being an antihistamine like its precursor promethazine, and then extensively analyzed the properties of its descendant drug chlorpromazine.

Rhône-Poulenc
Rhône-Poulenc (French pronunciation: [ʁon pulɛ̃k]) was a French chemical and pharmaceutical company founded in 1928.  In 1999, it merged with Hoechst AG to form Aventis.  As of 2015, the pharmaceutical operations of Rhône-Poulenc are part of Sanofi and the chemicals divisions are part of Solvay group and Bayer Crop Science.
Liz McColgan
Elizabeth Nuttall MBE (née Lynch, formerly McColgan; born 24 May 1964) is a British former middle- and long-distance runner. She won the gold medal in the 10,000 metres at the 1991 World Championships and a silver over the same distance at the 1988 Olympic Games. McColgan earned a silver in the 3000 metres at the 1989 World Indoor Championships. She was a two-time gold medalist in the event at the Commonwealth Games, 1992 World Half Marathon champion and a two-time individual medallist at the World Cross Country Championships. She claimed three victories at the World Marathon Majors: at the 1991 New York City Marathon, 1992 Tokyo Marathon and 1996 London Marathon.

McColgan's 10,000 metres best of 30:57.07 set in 1991, moved her to second on the world all-time list at that time and stood as the Scottish record until 2022, when it was broken by her daughter Eilish McColgan. Her marathon best of 2:26:52 set in 1997, stood as the Scottish record until 2019.

Athletics at the Commonwealth Games
Athletics is one of several sports contested at the quadrennial Commonwealth Games competition. It has been a Commonwealth Games sport since the inaugural edition of the event's precursor, the 1930 British Empire Games. It is a core sport and must be included in the sporting programme of each edition of the Games.