hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2012 Archdiocese of Philadelphia school closings
The 2012 Archdiocese of Philadelphia school closings was the solution to the reducing enrollment problem of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia, caused mainly by demographic shifts and an increasing number of students enrolling in unaffiliated schools. Because of this, tuition rates had to be raised, causing fewer families to be able to afford the cost. Being in the decision process for years, the list was finalized by the Blue Ribbon Commission on January 6, 2012 at around 11:00 AM. The schools were informed soon afterward, and they were all officially announced during the press conference at 4:00 PM.

Archdiocese of Philadelphia
The Archdiocese of Philadelphia (Latin: Archidiœcesis Philadelphiensis) is a diocese of the Catholic Church in southeastern Pennsylvania in the United States. The seat of the archbishop is the Cathedral Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul in Philadelphia. Nelson J. Pérez is the archbishop.
Ratchet & Clank: Size Matters
Ratchet & Clank: Size Matters is a 2007 third-person shooter platform video game developed by High Impact Games and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation Portable. A spin-off of the Ratchet & Clank series, it is the first game in the series to be released for a handheld console. Developer High Impact Games consisted of former employees of series creator Insomniac Games. A port to the PlayStation 2 was released the following year.

The PSP version received generally positive reviews from critics, while the PS2 version received mixed reviews. The game sold 4.4 million units. The PSP version was re-released in July 2024 for the PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5.

Third-person shooter
Third-person shooter (TPS) is a subgenre of 3D shooter games in which the gameplay consists primarily of shooting. It is closely related to first-person shooters, but with the player character visible on-screen during play. While 2D shoot 'em up games also employ a third-person perspective, the TPS genre is distinguished by having the game presented with the player's avatar as a primary focus of the camera's view.
David Peppercorn
David Peppercorn (born 1931) is a British Master of Wine, French wine importer and author, known for his books about the wines of Bordeaux and long experience in his field, having collected tasting notes since the late 1950s. He is married to fellow MW and wine writer Serena Sutcliffe. They were the first husband and wife team to both earn the qualification of Master of Wine. (Peter and Philippa Carr would later join them as the only two husband and wife MW teams.) He has three daughters (Caroline, Sarah and Fanny) by a previous marriage. Peppercorn's books include Bordeaux, The Wines of Bordeaux, The Simon & Schuster Pocket Guide to the Wines of Bordeaux, Mouton-Rothschild 1945, The Wine To End All Wars and Great Vineyards and Winemakers.

Wine tasting
Wine tasting is the sensory examination and evaluation of wine. While the practice of wine tasting is as ancient as its production, a more formalized methodology has slowly become established from the 14th century onward. Modern, professional wine tasters (such as sommeliers or buyers for retailers) use a constantly evolving specialized terminology which is used to describe the range of perceived flavors, aromas and general characteristics of a wine. More informal, recreational tasting may use similar terminology, usually involving a much less analytical process for a more general, personal appreciation.

Results that have surfaced through scientific blind wine tasting suggest the unreliability of wine tasting in both experts and consumers, such as inconsistency in identifying wines based on region and price.
GTPase-activator protein for Ras-like GTPase
GTPase-activator protein for Ras-like GTPase is a family of evolutionarily related proteins. Ras proteins are membrane-associated molecular switches that bind GTP and GDP and slowly hydrolyze GTP to GDP. This intrinsic GTPase activity of ras is stimulated by a family of proteins collectively known as 'GAP' or GTPase-activating proteins. As it is the GTP bound form of ras which is active, these proteins are said to be down-regulators of ras.

The Ras GTPase-activating proteins are quite large (from 765 residues for sar1 to 3079 residues for IRA2) but share only a limited (about 250 residues) region of sequence similarity, referred to as the 'catalytic domain' or rasGAP domain.

Note: There are distinctly different GAPs for the rap and rho/rac subfamilies of ras-like proteins (reviewed in reference) that do not share sequence similarity with ras GAPs.

GTPase
GTPases are a large family of hydrolase enzymes that bind to the nucleotide guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and hydrolyze it to guanosine diphosphate (GDP). The GTP binding and hydrolysis takes place in the highly conserved P-loop "G domain", a protein domain common to many GTPases.
Peter Trend
Peter Charles Trend (born 24 August 1974) is a former English cricketer.  Trend was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper.  He was born in Wolverhampton, Staffordshire.

Trend made his debut for Lincolnshire in the 1997 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Hertfordshire.  Trend played Minor counties cricket for Lincolnshire from 1997 to 2000, which included 32 Minor Counties Championship matches and 16 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. He made his List A debut against Derbyshire in the 1997 NatWest Trophy.  He played 4 further List A matches for Lincolnshire, the last coming against Lancashire in the 2000 NatWest Trophy. In his 5 matches, he scored 94 runs at an average of 18.00, while behind the stumps he took 5 catches and made a single stumping. He scored his only half century when he made 53 against the Netherlands in the 2000 NatWest Trophy.

1997 NatWest Trophy
The 1997 NatWest Trophy was the 17th NatWest Trophy.  It was an English limited overs county cricket tournament which was held between 24 June and 7 September 1997. The tournament was won by Essex County Cricket Club who defeated Warwickshire County Cricket Club by 9 wickets in the final at Lord's.
Hispano-Suiza HS.820
The HS.820 is a 20 mm caliber autocannon developed by Hispano-Suiza primarily for aircraft use, but more widely used in a series of ground-based anti-aircraft guns. After Oerlikon purchased Hispano's armaments division in 1970, the HS.820 became the Oerlikon KAD, supplanting Oerlikon's own KAA and KAB weapons in the process. A US-built model, the M139, was used on the M114A1E1 and M114A2 Armored Command & Reconnaissance Carrier.

20 mm caliber
20 mm caliber is a specific size of popular autocannon ammunition. The dividing line between smaller-caliber weapons, commonly called "guns", from larger-caliber "cannons" (e.g. machine gun vs. autocannon), is conventionally taken to be the 20 mm round, the smallest caliber of autocannon. All 20 mm cartridges have an outside projectile (bullet) diameter and barrel bore diameter of approximately 0.787 inches (20.0 mm). These projectiles are typically 75 to 127 mm (3–5 in) long, cartridge cases are typically 75 to 152 mm (3–6 in) long, and most are shells, with an explosive payload and detonating fuze.

Weapons using this caliber range from anti-materiel rifles and anti-tank rifles to aircraft autocannons and anti-aircraft guns.
Jacqueline Crooks
Jacqueline Crooks is a British writer whose debut novel, Fire Rush, was shortlisted for the 2023 Women's Prize for Fiction. She was described as one of the "10 best new novelists for 2023" by The Observer.

Women's Prize for Fiction
The Women's Prize for Fiction (previously with sponsor names Orange Prize for Fiction (1996–2006 and 2009–2012), Orange Broadband Prize for Fiction (2007–08) and Baileys Women's Prize for Fiction (2014–2017) is one of the United Kingdom's most prestigious literary prizes. It is awarded annually to a female author of any nationality for the best original full-length novel written in English and published in the United Kingdom in the preceding year. A sister prize, the Women's Prize for Non-Fiction, was launched in 2023.
El Cortijo Polo Club
The El Cortijo Polo Club is a sports ground near Lima, Peru. In September 2019, it was announced as one of the venues to host cricket matches in the 2019 South American Cricket Championship, a Twenty20 International (T20I) cricket tournament.

2019 South American Cricket Championship
The 2019 South American Cricket Championship was a cricket tournament held in Lima, Peru from 3 to 6 October 2019. A men's and a women's tournament were held, with 2019 being the sixteenth edition of the men's South American Cricket Championship and the ninth edition of the women's event. Most matches played at the 2018 women's championship were granted Twenty20 International (T20I) status, and 2019 was the first time that matches in the men's event had the full T20I status, since the ICC granted Twenty20 International (T20I) status to matches between all of its Members. Mexico were the defending men's champions, while Brazil won the 2018 women's event.

Brazil retained the women's title with a 100% records during the tournament, including a four-wicket win against Argentina in the final.
Claire Porter
Claire Porter (born December 23, 1942) is an American choreographer/comedian known for blending comedic monologues with dance movement.  She is also a performer, author, and dance educator whose dance works, which she refers to as Portables, have been produced by various dance organizations, college theater programs and venues around the world.

Monologue
In theatre, a monologue (also spelled monolog in American English) (in Greek: μονόλογος, from μόνος mónos, "alone, solitary" and λόγος lógos, "speech") is a speech presented by a single character, most often to express their thoughts aloud, though sometimes also to directly address another character or the audience. Monologues are common across the range of dramatic media (plays, films, etc.), as well as in non-dramatic media such as poetry. Monologues share much in common with several other literary devices including soliloquies, apostrophes, and asides. There are, however, distinctions between each of these devices.
Lilienfeld (surname)
Lilienfeld is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Abraham Lilienfeld (1920–1984), American epidemiologist

Julius Edgar Lilienfeld (1882–1963), German-American engineer and inventor

Nikolaus Lilienfeld, German engineer and clockmaker

Paul von Lilienfeld (1829–1903), Russian statesman and social scientist

Scott Lilienfeld (1960–2020), American author, professor, psychologist

Julius Edgar Lilienfeld
Julius Edgar Lilienfeld (April 18, 1882 – August 28, 1963) was an Austro-Hungarian, and later American (where he moved in 1921) electrical engineer and physicist who has been credited with the first patent on the field-effect transistor in 1925. He was never able to build a working practical semiconductor device based on his concept. Additionally, because he didn't publish articles in learned journals and since high-purity semiconductor materials were not available to him, his FET patent never achieved fame, causing confusion for later inventors.
Harold Gould Henderson
Harold Gould Henderson (1889–1974) was an American academic, art historian and Japanologist. He was a Columbia University professor for twenty years.  From 1948 through 1952, he was the President of the Japan Society in New York, and in 1968 he cofounded the Haiku Society of America.

Japan Society (Manhattan)
Japan Society is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, formed in 1907 to promote relations between the United States and Japan. Its headquarters was designed by Junzo Yoshimura and opened in 1971 at 333 East 47th Street near the United Nations. With a focus on "arts and culture, public policy, business, language, and education", the organization has regularly held events in its many facilities, including a library, art gallery, and theater, since its opening. After suspending all activities during World War II, Japan Society expanded under the leadership of John D. Rockefeller III.
Achatocarpaceae
The Achatocarpaceae are a family of woody flowering plants consisting of two genera and 11 known species, and has been recognized by most taxonomists. The family is found from the southwestern United States south to tropical and subtropical South America.

The APG II system (2003; unchanged from the APG system of 1998) assigns it to the order Caryophyllales in the clade core eudicots. It forms a clade together with Amaranthaceae and Caryophyllaceae, two very large families.

APG II system
The APG II system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II system) of plant classification is the second, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly molecular-based,  system of plant taxonomy that was published in April 2003 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. It was a revision of the first APG system, published in 1998, and was superseded in 2009 by a further revision, the APG III system.
Tusson
Tusson (French pronunciation: [tysɔ̃]) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

It is the site of four large Neolithic tumuli, known as the Gros Dognon, the Petit Dognon, the Vieux Breuil and La Justice. Marguerite de Navarre spent time in the priory in the village, built by Robert d'Abrissel in the 12th century as an offshoot of the Abbey of Fontevraud. The village grew up subsequently around the religious establishment.

Until the 1960s it used to be a centre for the trading of horses and donkeys. Nowadays it is known for its artists and craftspeople, as well as its well-preserved historical buildings, many renovated with the participation of the Club Marpen, a local heritage group.

Robert of Arbrissel
Robert of Arbrissel (c. 1045 – 1116) was an itinerant preacher, and founder of Fontevraud Abbey. He was born at Arbrissel (near Retiers, Brittany) and died at Orsan Priory in the present department of Cher.
Jean Thurel
Jean Thurel, or Jean Theurel (French pronunciation: [tyʁɛl]; 6 September 1698 – 10 March 1807), was a fusilier of the French Army and a centenarian with an extraordinarily long career that spanned over 75 years of service in the Touraine Regiment. Born in the reign of Louis XIV and dying during that of Napoleon I, Thurel was possibly the last known person born in the 17th century.

Ranks in the French Army
Rank insignia in the French Army are worn on the sleeve or on shoulder marks of uniforms, and range up to the highest rank of Marshal of France, a state honour denoted with a seven-star insignia that was last conferred posthumously on Marie Pierre Koenig in 1984.
Operational Group Ermakov
The Operational Group Ermakov was a grouping of three Field Armies of the Red Army, the 3rd, 13th, and 50th Armies. It fought during the Battle of Moscow on the Bryansk Front on the Eastern Front during World War II. It was named after its commander, then Major General Arkady Yermakov. Ermakov's command was controversial for his focus on offensive operations from mid August to late September 1941. Marshal Yeryomenko credited his command's actions for significantly weakening the strength of the German Attack Groupings. Conversely, General Sanalov criticized him for paying insufficient attention to the defense during this time, leading to later losses. It was disbanded.

Field army
A field army (also known as numbered army or simply army) is a military formation in many armed forces, composed of two or more corps. It may be subordinate to an army group. Air armies are the equivalent formations in air forces, and fleets in navies. A field army is composed of 80,000 to 300,000 soldiers.
Daniel Hogan (Irish politician)
Daniel Hogan (1899 – 1 August 1980) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician. A farmer, he was elected at his second attempt to Dáil Éireann, as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Leix–Offaly constituency at the 1938 general election.

He lost his Dáil seat at the 1943 general election but was elected to the 4th Seanad on the Agricultural Panel. He was re-elected to the Seanad in 1944 but lost his Seanad seat in 1948. In 1957, he was again elected to the Seanad. He was re-elected in 1961 but lost his seat at the 1965 Seanad election.

Seanad Éireann
53°20′26″N 6°15′14″W﻿ / ﻿53.34055°N 6.254021°W﻿ / 53.34055; -6.254021
Seanad Éireann (/ˈʃænəd ˈɛərən, ˈʃænəð/ ⓘ SHAN-əd(h) AIR-ən; Irish: [ˈʃan̪ˠəd̪ˠ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ]; "Senate of Ireland") is the upper house of the Oireachtas (the Irish legislature), which also comprises the President of Ireland and Dáil Éireann (the lower house).

It is commonly called the Seanad or Senate and its members are known as senators (Irish: seanadóirí, singular: seanadóir). Unlike Dáil Éireann, it is not directly elected but consists of a mixture of members chosen by various methods. Its powers are much weaker than those of the Dáil and it can only delay laws with which it disagrees, rather than veto them outright. It can introduce new legislation. Since its establishment, it has been located in Leinster House.
Goulbourne
Goulbourne is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Elva Goulbourne (born 1980), Jamaican track and field athlete

Tyrell Goulbourne (born 1994), Canadian ice hockey player

Stokeley Clevon Goulbourne (born 1996), American rapper and songwriter

Tyrell Goulbourne
Tyrell Goulbourne (born January 26, 1994) is a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who is the current captain for the Tulsa Oilers of the ECHL. He has formerly played parts of two seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Philadelphia Flyers. He was drafted by the Flyers in the third round of the 2013 NHL Entry Draft.
Aerosila
SPE "Aerosila" (Russian: Аэросила) is the leading Russian firm in the field of development and manufacturing of aircraft propellers, propfans, auxiliary gas-turbine engines as well as aviation aggregates of different purpose including hydromechanical rotation frequency governors of propellers and power ballscrew mechanisms with integrated gearboxes for aircraft with a wing variable sweep, oil-pumps, air regulators, fans and others.

Since 1956 the enterprise started creation of auxiliary gas-turbine engines for APU. For a short period the enterprise has developed and put into operation the family of TA for the aircraft Tu-154, Tu-154M, Tu-134A, Tu-144, Tu-160, Tu-22M, Tu-204, Il-62, Il-62M, Il-76, Il-76MD, Yak-42, An-22, An-124, An-74, An-70, A-40, and the helicopter Mi-26. Since the 2010s, the company has been working on developing new auxiliary power units (APU) for the aircraft Yakovlev MC-21 and Beriev A-100

Antonov An-22
The Antonov An-22 "Antei" (Russian: Ан-22 Антей, romanized: An-22 Antey; lit. 'Antaeus'; NATO reporting name: "Cock") is a heavy military transport aircraft designed by the Antonov Design Bureau in the Soviet Union. Powered by four turboprop engines, each driving a pair of contra-rotating propellers, its design was the first wide-body transport aircraft and remains the world's largest turboprop-powered aircraft to date. The An-22 first appeared publicly outside the Soviet Union at the 1965 Paris Air Show. Thereafter, the model saw extensive use in major military and humanitarian airlifts for the Soviet Union, and remained in service with the Russian Aerospace Forces until December 2025, when the last operational aircraft crashed during a test flight.
2012 Bermudian general election
General elections were held in Bermuda on 17 December 2012 to elect all 36 members of the House of Assembly. The result was a victory for the One Bermuda Alliance, led by Craig Cannonier, which won 19 seats in the House of Assembly. The incumbent Progressive Labour Party (PLP) lost five seats and government, and Premier Paula Cox lost her Devonshire North West seat, and resigned as leader of the PLP the next day, with Derrick Burgess becoming Acting Party Leader. Marc Bean became PLP leader on 22 December 2012.

House of Assembly of Bermuda
The House of Assembly is the lower house of the Parliament of the British Overseas Territory of Bermuda. The house has 36 Members of Parliament (MPs), elected for a term of five years in single seat constituencies using first-past-the-post voting. Bermuda now has universal voting with a voting age of 18 years. Voting is non-compulsory. The presiding officer of the House is called the Speaker.
Elaine Kasimatis
Elaine Ann Kasimatis (May 25, 1952 – September 7, 2021) was an American mathematician specializing in discrete geometry and mathematics education. She was a professor in the Department of Mathematics & Statistics at California State University, Sacramento.

Discrete geometry
Discrete geometry and combinatorial geometry are branches of geometry that study combinatorial properties and constructive methods of discrete geometric objects.  Most questions in discrete geometry involve finite or discrete sets of basic geometric objects, such as points, lines, planes, circles, spheres, polygons, and so forth.  The subject focuses on the combinatorial properties of these objects, such as how they intersect one another, or how they may be arranged to cover a larger object.

Discrete geometry has a large overlap with convex geometry and computational geometry, and is closely related to subjects such as finite geometry, combinatorial optimization, digital geometry, discrete differential geometry, geometric graph theory, toric geometry, and combinatorial topology.
Putulik
Putulik, formerly Hat Island, is a small (about 4 km × 8 km [2.5 mi × 5.0 mi]) uninhabited island located in the Kitikmeot of Nunavut, Canada. The island is situated in Victoria Strait (Queen Maud Gulf) approximately 110 km (68 mi) southeast of Victoria Island and 80 km (50 mi) southwest of King William Island. The Requisite Channel separates the island from Amundsen Island, the larger of the Nordenskiöld Islands.

Hat Island (CAM-B) is a former Distant Early Warning Line and current North Warning System site The Canadian government's Contaminated Sites directorate has determined Hat Island to be a contaminated site in need of future remediation.

Another smaller Hat Island is also in Nunavut.

Queen Maud Gulf
Queen Maud Gulf lies between the northern coast of the mainland and the southeastern corner of Victoria Island in Nunavut, Canada. At its western end lies Cambridge Bay, leading to Dease Strait; to the east lies Simpson Strait; and to the north, Victoria Strait. It is home to the Queen Maud Gulf Migratory Bird Sanctuary.
Eirik Soltvedt
Eirik Soltvedt (born 3 September 1979) is a retired Norwegian football striker.

Hailing from Randaberg, he played youth football for Viking and represented Norway as a youth international. In 1994 he went on trial with AFC Ajax, followed by IFK Göteborg and Ipswich Town in 1995, Southampton in 1996 and a week-long trial with AC Milan Primavera in 1997.

He started his senior career in Bryne, but was not a squad member in 2000 and went to Randaberg; in mid-2000 he moved to Oslo and played successively for Skeid and Ullern. In 2002 he joined Ull/Kisa, and after 25 goals in the 2003 2. divisjon he was picked up by Lillestrøm. Never a success, in mid-2005 he moved on to Notodden. In mid-2007 he returned to Ull/Kisa, and from 2013 he finished his career in lowly Eidsvold and Hauerseter.

Ullern IF
Ullern Idrettsforening is a Norwegian multi-sports club from Ullern, Oslo. It has sections for association football, team handball, basketball, bandy and cheerleading. The club colors are white and red.