hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
African American–Jewish relations
African Americans and Jewish Americans have interacted throughout much of the history of the United States. This relationship has included widely publicized cooperation and conflict, and it has been an area of significant academic research since the 1970s. Cooperation during the Civil Rights Movement was strategic and significant, culminating in the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

The relationship has also featured conflicts and controversies which are related to such topics as the Black Power movement, Zionism, affirmative action, and the antisemitic trope concerning the alleged dominant role of American and Caribbean-based Jews in the Atlantic slave trade.

American Jewish Congress
The American Jewish Congress (AJCongress) is an association of American Jews organized to defend Jewish interests in the US and internationally through public policy advocacy, using diplomacy, legislation, and the courts.
Lists of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States
The lists of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States cover the law clerks who have assisted the justices of the Supreme Court of the United States in various capacities since the first one was hired by Justice Horace Gray in 1882. The list is divided into separate lists for each position in the Supreme Court.

Each justice is permitted to have three or four law clerks per Court term. Most clerks are recent law school graduates, who have typically graduated at the top of their class and spent at least one year clerking for a lower federal judge. Among their many functions, clerks do legal research that assists justices in deciding what cases to accept and what questions to ask during oral arguments, prepare memoranda, and draft orders and opinions. Research suggests that clerks exert a moderate influence on how justices vote in cases, but have "substantial influence in cases that are high-profile, legally significant, or close decisions".

Law school in the United States
A law school in the United States is an educational institution where students obtain a professional education in law after first obtaining an undergraduate degree.

Law schools in the U.S. confer the degree of Juris Doctor (J.D.), which is a professional doctorate. It is the degree usually required to practice law in the United States, and the final degree obtained by most practitioners in the field. Juris Doctor programs at law schools are usually three-year programs if done full-time, or four-year programs if done via evening classes. Some U.S. law schools include an Accelerated JD program.

Other degrees that are awarded include the Master of Laws (LL.M.) and the Doctor of Juridical Science (J.S.D. or S.J.D.) degrees, which can be more international in scope. Most law schools are colleges, schools or other units within a larger post-secondary institution, such as a university. Legal education is very different in the United States than in many other parts of the world.
Cathedral Rock (New York)
Cathedral Rock is a mountain in the Adirondack Mountains region of New York. It is located north of Wanakena in St. Lawrence County. The fire tower on Cathedral Rock was first constructed on Tooley Pond Mountain northwest of Cranberry Lake in 1919. The tower ceased fire lookout operations at the end of the 1971 season and was removed by students from the New York State College of Environmental Science and Forestry at Wanakena. Reconstruction of the tower began at Cathedral Rock in the 1980s, and was completed in 2000.

St. Lawrence County, New York
St. Lawrence County is the northernmost county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 108,505. The county seat is Canton.
The county is named for the Saint Lawrence River. This was as named by early French explorer Jacques Cartier for the Christian saint Lawrence of Rome, as he visited the river on the saint's feast day. The county is part of the North Country region of the state.

St. Lawrence County comprises the Ogdensburg-Massena, NY Micropolitan Statistical Area and is New York's largest county by area.
Rhopilema verrilli
Rhopilema verrilli, the mushroom cap jellyfish, is a species of jellyfish in the family Rhizostomatidae. They are cnidarian invertebrates distinguished by their mushroom-shaped medusae.  The species does not have any tentacles; however, they still have stinging cells, called nematocysts, within their bells, which can produce mild stings to humans.

Scyphozoa
The Scyphozoa are an exclusively marine class of the phylum Cnidaria, referred to as the true jellyfish (or "true jellies").

The class name Scyphozoa comes from the Greek word skyphos (σκύφος), denoting a kind of drinking cup and alluding to the cup shape of the organism.

Scyphozoans have existed from the earliest Cambrian to the present.
The Whodlums
The Whodlums are a tribute band to the Who based in North East England. Endorsed by the Who's lead singer Roger Daltrey, the band often perform in aid of the Teenage Cancer Trust, of which Daltrey is patron. As of June 2012, the band had raised £20,000 for the Trust.

In addition to playing in small venues around North East England, they have headlined at the O2 Academy Newcastle three times, first in September 2010, again in December 2012 then most recently in October 2014. All three concerts were to support the Teenage Cancer Trust's units at the Great North Children's Hospital at the Royal Victoria Infirmary, and Freeman Hospital in Newcastle upon Tyne. In 2011, they performed at Langford Live, a benefit concert at Langford Court in South West England, with Ocean Colour Scene.

Teenage Cancer Trust
Teenage Cancer Trust is a cancer care and support charity in the UK that exists to improve the cancer experience of young people aged 13–24. Founded in 1990, the charity's key service is providing specialist teenage units in NHS hospitals. It also trains and funds staff who are teenage cancer specialists. The units are dedicated areas for teenage and young adult patients, who are involved in their concept and creation. Medical facilities on the units are equipped with computers, TVs and game consoles.

The charity also serves as an advocate for teenage cancer needs, promoting related research and national and international forums. It also provides support services and education related to teenage and young adult cancer.
Norwegian Telecommunication Organisation
The Norwegian Telecommunication Organisation (Norwegian: Den norske teleorganisasjon, DNTO) was a trade union representing technical staff at Televerket.

The union was founded in 1909 as the National Telegraph Workers' Union.  It affiliated to the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions, and by 1963, it had 1,638 members.  By 1983, it had 4,053 members.  In November 1988, it merged with the Norwegian Union of Telecommunication Workers, to form the Norwegian Telecommunication and Data Workers' Union.

Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions
The Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions (Norwegian: Landsorganisasjonen i Norge, LO) is a national trade union center, the largest and probably the most influential umbrella organization of labour unions in Norway. The 21 national unions affiliated to the LO have almost 1,000,000 members of a Norwegian population of 5 million. The majority of affiliated unions organizes traditional blue collar workers, but the largest affiliate is the Norwegian Union of Municipal and General Employees which makes up more than a third of all members. LO is affiliated to the ITUC and the ETUC.

It was named the Workers' National Trade Union (Norwegian: Arbeidernes Faglige Landsorganisasjon, AFL) from 1899 to 1957. Affiliated with the Labour Party throughout its history, several of LO's member unions have concurrently been member bodies in the Labour Party.

The organization owns the Norwegian Labour Movement Archives and Library.
Jill Whalen
Jill Whalen was an Ashland, Massachusetts based former search engine optimization consultant (SEO), speaker and writer.

Whalen was the CEO of High Rankings, and co-founded Search Engine Marketing New England. She was a regular speaker at Search Engine Strategies Conferences. High Rankings included a top-rated SEO discussion forum.

Whalen has been quoted as an authority by major publications including The Wall Street Journal, and Inc. She has also written search engine optimization articles for business websites including ClickZ and Search Engine Land, and her work on search engines is shared in marketing programs focused on attracting new clients.

Search engine optimization
Search engine optimization (SEO) is the practice of improving the visibility and performance of websites and web pages in search engine results pages (SERPs). It focuses on increasing the quantity and quality of traffic from unpaid (organic) search results rather than paid advertising. SEO applies to multiple search formats, including web, image, video, news, academic, and vertical search engines, as well as AI-assisted search interfaces.

SEO is commonly used as part of a broader digital marketing strategy and involves optimizing technical infrastructure, content relevance, and authority signals to improve rankings for user queries. The objective of SEO is to attract users who are actively searching for information, products, or services, thereby supporting brand visibility, user engagement, and conversions.
Lallemantia
Lallemantia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It is named after the German botanist Julius Léopold Eduard Avé-Lallemant.

There are five species in the genus. They are native to central and southwestern Asia. They are annual or biennial herbs. They have been used for various purposes. Lallemantia iberica is cultivated as an oilseed crop.

Species

Lallemantia baldshuanica Gontsch. - Iran, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan

Lallemantia canescens (L.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey. - Turkey, Iran, Caucasus

Lallemantia iberica (M.Bieb.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey. - Turkey, Iran, Turkmenistan, Caucasus, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Israel

Lallemantia peltata (L.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey. - Turkey, Iran, Turkmenistan, Caucasus; Oregon and Wyoming USA (introduced)

Lallemantia royleana (Benth.) Benth. - Western Siberia, Central Asia, Xinjiang, Pakistan, Kashmir, Iran, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Persian Gulf sheikdoms

Vegetable oil
Vegetable oils, or vegetable fats, are oils extracted from seeds or from other parts of edible plants. Like animal fats, vegetable fats are mixtures of triglycerides. Soybean oil, canola oil, grapeseed oil, and cocoa butter are examples of seed oils, or fats from seeds. Olive oil, palm oil, and rice bran oil are examples of fats from other parts of plants. In common usage, vegetable oil may refer exclusively to vegetable fats which are liquid at room temperature. Vegetable oils are usually edible and are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Gert Cornelius Nel
Gert Cornelius Nel (6 April 1885 – 16 February 1950) was a South African botanist. His formal botanical author abbreviation is Nel.

The genus Nelia, a flowering plant of the family Aizoaceae, is named in his honor.

Hypoxis
Hypoxis  is a  genus of flowering plants of the family Hypoxidaceae. The genus has an "almost cosmopolitan" distribution, occurring in Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Australia. Europe lacks native species. Most species are in the Southern Hemisphere, especially in southern Africa. Common names for the genus include star-grass, star lily, yellow stars, African potato, and stars. The genus is the largest of the Hypoxidaceae and has its centre of variation in South Africa, where it occurs in open undisturbed grasslands. The name Hypoxis was taken over by Linnaeus in 1759 from a name coined by Paul Reneaulme in 1611 for a superficially similar species of Gagea and meaning "a little sour", referring to the taste of that plant's leaves.
Psalmus Hungaricus (Kodály)
Psalmus Hungaricus, Op. 13, is a choral work for tenor, chorus and orchestra by Zoltán Kodály, composed in 1923. The Psalmus was commissioned to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the unification of Buda, Pest and Óbuda for a gala performance on 19 November 1923 along with the Dance Suite by Béla Bartók, and the Festival Overture by Ernő Dohnányi, who conducted the concert. The work's first performance outside Hungary took place under Volkmar Andreae in Zürich on 18 June 1926. This marked a turning point in the international recognition of Kodály as a composer, beyond his renown as an ethnomusicologist and music educator.

Óbuda
Óbuda (German: Alt-Ofen, lit. 'Ur-Buda'  or 'Old Buda') is, together with Buda and Pest, one of the three cities that were unified to form the Hungarian capital city of Budapest in 1873. Today, together with Békásmegyer, Óbuda forms a part of the city's third district, although the toponym is also sometimes used for northern Buda as a whole.

The neighborhood proper is centered on Fő tér beside the Szentlélek tér BHÉV station. Óbuda Island, which lies in the Danube beside Óbuda, hosts the Sziget Festival, a major annual music and cultural festival.
Aksha, Russia
Aksha (Russian: Акша) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Akshinsky District of Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia, located at the confluence of the Aksha and Onon Rivers, 169 kilometers (105 mi) south of Chita. Population:  3,941 (2010 Census); 4,129 (2002 Census); 4,637 (1989 Soviet census).

Zabaykalsky Krai
Zabaykalsky Krai is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the Russian Far East. Its administrative center is Chita. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 1,107,107.

The krai was created on 1 March 2008, as a result of a merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug after a referendum held on the issue on 11 March 2007. In 2018, the krai became part of the Far Eastern Federal District.
2007 New York Yankees season
The 2007 New York Yankees season was the 105th season for the New York Yankees franchise. The season started with the Yankees trying to win the American League East championship, a title they had won every season since the 1998 season, but ultimately they came in second place to the Boston Red Sox. The Yankees instead won the American League wild card, beating out the Seattle Mariners and the Detroit Tigers.

This was Joe Torre's final season as Yankees manager.

2007 Detroit Tigers season
The 2007 Detroit Tigers season was the team's 107th season and its eighth at Comerica Park.  The season ended with the 88–74 Tigers finishing runner-up in the American League Central, eight games in back of the Cleveland Indians. They failed in winning the Wild Card.

After a trip to the 2006 World Series that ended with a defeat to the St. Louis Cardinals, the Tigers started the offseason by trading pitchers Humberto Sánchez, Kevin Whelan, and Anthony Claggett to the New York Yankees for outfielder and designated hitter Gary Sheffield.  Plus, they re-signed players from the previous season's team; first baseman Sean Casey, second baseman Omar Infante, outfielder Craig Monroe, left-handed starting pitcher Nate Robertson, and right-handed relief pitcher Fernando Rodney all returned with the Tigers for the 2007 season.
Sulev Mäeltsemees
Sulev Mäeltsemees (born 7 August 1947) is an Estonian public administration and local government scholar and generally held to be the father of municipal autonomy in Estonia.

Born in Tallinn, Mäeltsemees received his degrees from the University of Tartu and worked, among others, as director of the Department of Social Infrastructure and Regional Economics of the Institute of Economics of the Estonian Academy of Sciences (1986-1992). He is currently professor and chair of regional policy at Tallinn University of Technology, where he already worked from 1978 to 1986 and from 2005 to 2016 also serves as dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities.

In 1992-1993 he was chairman of the Tallinn city council, and from 1993-1997 the director of the Estonian Institute of Public Management, the state's central in-service training agency for civil servants.

Regional policy
Regional policy is the sum of a series of policies formulated according to regional differences to coordinate regional relations and regional macro operation mechanism, which affects regional development at the macro level. It includes regional economic policy, regional social policy, regional environmental policy, regional political policy, regional cultural policy, etc. Regional policy aims to improve economic conditions in regions of relative disadvantage, either within a nation or within a supranational grouping such as the European Union. Additionally, a regional policy may try to address high levels of unemployment and lower-than-average per capita incomes. Its main tool is public investment.
1976 Women's World Allround Speed Skating Championships
The 37th edition of the  World Allround Speed Skating Championships 1976 took place on 21 and 22 February in Gjøvik, Norway at the Gjøvik Stadion ice rink.

Title holder was the East German Karin Kessow.

Karin Kessow
Karin Kessow (born 8 January 1954, married name Drbal) is a retired German speed skater who won the World All-Round Speed Skating Championships in 1975. Next year she competed at the 1976 Winter Olympics in the 1500 m and 3000 m and finished in fifth and fourth  place, respectively.

After marrying Karl-Heinz Drbal she changed her last name to Drbal. She works as a speed skating coach in Berlin.

Personal bests:

500 m – 44.2 (1976)

1000 m – 1:27.2 (1976)

1500 m – 2:13.1 (1976)

3000 m – 4:39.1 (1976)

5000 m – 8:20.4 (1976)
Inwardleigh
Inwardleigh is a village and civil parish about 3+1⁄2 miles north north west of Okehampton railway station, in the West Devon district, in the county of Devon, England. The parish contains the village of Folly Gate. The A386 road runs through the parish. In 2011 the parish had a population of 491. The parish touches Hatherleigh, Sampford Courtenay, Okehampton Hamlets, Jacobstowe and Northlew.

West Devon
West Devon is a local government district with borough status in Devon, England. Its council is based in Tavistock, the borough's largest town. The borough also includes the towns of Hatherleigh, North Tawton and Okehampton, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

A large area in the south-east of the borough lies within the Dartmoor National Park, and part of the south-west of the borough lies within the Tamar Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are Torridge, Mid Devon, Teignbridge, South Hams and Cornwall.
St Peter, Jersey
St Peter (French: Saint-Pièrre; Jèrriais: St Pièrre) is one of the twelve parishes of Jersey in the Channel Islands. It is around 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi) north-west of St Helier. The parish has a population of 5,003. It has a surface area of 10.6 square kilometres (4.1 sq mi).

It is the only parish with two separate coastlines, stretching from St Ouen's Bay in the west to St Aubin's Bay in the south, and thereby cutting St Brelade off from other parishes.  It also borders St Ouen and St Mary to the north and St Lawrence to the east. A large portion of the parish is occupied by Jersey Airport.

The traditional nickname for St. Pierrais is ventres à baînis (limpet bellies), perhaps because their parish sticks to two coasts like limpets.

Saint Aubin, Jersey
St. Aubin (Jèrriais: Saint Aubîn) is a town and port in La Vingtaine du Coin, St. Brelade in Jersey, the largest of the Channel Islands. It is located on the western end of St. Aubin's Bay, on the south coast of the island, opening out into the Gulf of Saint-Malo.

St. Aubin was originally a fishing village and the historic economic centre of the island. The Jersey Railway historically terminated in the town, at what is now the parish hall. The Railway Walk, a trail following the route of the former Jersey Railway to La Corbière, starts from St Aubin.

The town is the civil administrative centre for the parish of St. Brelade; however, ecclesiastically, the parish church is located in St. Brelade's Bay. It retains a much more historic character than St. Helier, whose architecture has changed as the centre of Jersey's finance industry.
José del Campillo
José del Campillo y Cossío (February 13, 1693 in Alles, Peñamellera Alta, Asturias – April 11, 1743 in Madrid), was a Spanish statesman. His writings were influential in shaping the Spanish monarchy's reorganization of its empire, known as the Bourbon Reforms.

Peñamellera Alta
Peñamellera Alta (in asturian: El Valle Altu de Peñamellera) is a municipality in the Autonomous Community of the Principality of Asturias, Spain. It is bordered on the north by Llanes, on the west by Cabrales, on the east by Peñamellera Baja and on the south by the Autonomous Community of Cantabria.
Francisco Salas
Francisco Lleroa y Salas (12 March 1812 in Albaicín, Province of Granada – 21 June 1875 in Madrid) was a Spanish classical opera singer (bass-baritone), one of the crucial figures in the revival of the zarzuela genre.

Province of Granada
The Province of Granada (Spanish: Provincia de Granada) is a province in the eastern part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in Spain. It is bordered by the provinces of Albacete, Murcia, Almería, Jaén, Córdoba, Málaga, and the Mediterranean Sea (along the Costa Tropical). Its capital city is Granada.

The province has an area of 12,645.41 km2 (4,882.42 sq mi) and a population is 939,741 across its 170 municipalities.

There are certain conception about the autonomous community of Granada being separate from Andalusia. The new autonomous community would consist of the provinces of Granada, Almería and Málaga. The conception has not yet found a response.
Crónica Electrónica
Crónica Electrónica, also known as Crónica, is an independent media-label based in Porto, Portugal. Founded in 2003 by Miguel Carvalhais, Pedro Tudela, Lia, João Cruz, Paulo Vinhas and Pedro Almeida, it publishes experimental sound and visual artists.
Originally formed around a small group of Portuguese artists, Crónica eventually expanded its roster to include international musicians and sound artists.
Since 2005, Crónica organizes a free annual event in Porto which is "simultaneous the celebration of the label's anniversary, a gathering of friends and lovers of experimental music and an offer to the city" it operates in.

Pedro Tudela
Pedro Tudela (born 1962 in Viseu, Portugal) is a Portuguese artist.

As a student, he co-founded the Missionary Group (Grupo Missionário), where he collaborated from 1981 to 1987. In 1992, on the occasion of the exhibition "Mute... life", he founds the collective Multimedia Mute Life Dept. (MLd). Author of and Presenter of the Radio Programmes “Choose a Finger” and “Reduced Atmosphere” on the XFM Radio station, between 1995 and 1996. He co-founded the @c project in 2000 with Miguel Carvalhais. Collaborates with the Group Virose and becomes a member of the Virose – Associação Cultural e Recreativa in 2000. He co-founded of Crónica Media Label. Graduates in Fine Arts [Painting] at ESBAP, Porto, Portugal, 1987. He has regularly exhibited in Portugal and abroad since 1982, and is now a professor at the University of Porto.
South East Asian Mathematics Competition
The South East Asian Mathematics Competition (SEAMC) is an annual three-day non-profit mathematics competition for Southeast Asian students at different grade levels. It is a qualifying competition for invitation to the World Mathematics Championships.

Teams have participated from China, Thailand, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Nepal.

Host venue locations of the SEAMC changes annually. An online version was held due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

South Island School
South Island School is a private international school founded by the English Schools Foundation of Hong Kong, located at 50 Nam Fung Road, Aberdeen, Hong Kong, with about 1,400 students enrolled and 107 teachers. Students come from diverse backgrounds, with over 38 nationalities represented.

The school offers the GCSE/IGCSE syllabus, IB Diploma Programme, IB Career-related Programme and the BTEC qualification.

The school is one of three ESF secondary schools on Hong Kong Island, the others being West Island School and Island School.