hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Subdwarf
A subdwarf, sometimes denoted by "sd", is a star with luminosity class VI under the Yerkes spectral classification system. They are defined as stars with luminosity 1.5 to 2 magnitudes lower than that of main-sequence stars of the same spectral type. On a Hertzsprung–Russell diagram subdwarfs appear to lie below the main sequence.

The term "subdwarf" was coined by Gerard Kuiper in 1939, to refer to a series of stars with anomalous spectra that were previously labeled as "intermediate white dwarfs".(p 87)

Since Kuiper coined the term, the subdwarf type has been extended to lower-mass stars than were known at the time. Astronomers have also discovered an entirely different group of blue-white subdwarfs, making two distinct categories:

Cool subdwarfs

Hot subdwarfs

Metallicity
In astronomy, metallicity is the abundance of elements present in an object that are heavier than hydrogen and helium. Most of the normal currently detectable (i.e. non-dark) matter in the universe is either hydrogen or helium, and astronomers use the word metals as convenient shorthand for all elements except hydrogen and helium. This word-use is distinct from the conventional chemical or physical definition of a metal as an electrically conducting element. Stars and nebulae with relatively high abundances of heavier elements are called metal-rich when discussing metallicity, even though many of those elements are called nonmetals in chemistry.
Norm Cash
Norman Dalton Cash (November 10, 1933 – October 11, 1986) was an American Major League Baseball first baseman who spent almost his entire career with the Detroit Tigers. A power hitter, his 377 career home runs were the fourth most by an American League left-handed hitter when he retired, behind Babe Ruth, Ted Williams and Lou Gehrig; his 373 home runs with the Tigers is tied for second in franchise history with Miguel Cabrera, behind Al Kaline (399). He also led the AL in assists three times and fielding percentage twice; he ranked among the all-time leaders in assists (4th with 1,317) and double plays (10th with 1,347) upon his retirement, and was fifth in AL history in games at first base (1,943). He was known to fans and teammates during his playing days as "Stormin' Norman."

Double play
In baseball and softball, a double play (denoted as DP in baseball statistics) is the act of making two outs during the same continuous play. Double plays can occur any time there is at least one baserunner and fewer than two outs.

In Major League Baseball (MLB), the double play is defined in the Official Rules in the Definitions of Terms, and for the official scorer in Rule 9.11. During the 2023 Major League Baseball season, teams completed an average 132 double plays per 162 games played during the regular season.
Mount Augustus National Park
Mount Augustus National Park is located 852 km north of Perth, 490 km by road east of Carnarvon and 390 km northwest of Meekatharra, in the Gascoyne region of Western Australia. Mount Augustus itself, the feature around which the national park is based, is known as Burringurrah to the local Wadjari Aboriginal people.

Wajarri
The Wajarri people, also spelt Wadjari, Wadjarri, Watjarri, and other variations, are an Aboriginal Australian people whose traditional lands are in the Mid West region of Western Australia.

Boolardy Station, along with the tiny settlement of Pia Wajarri adjacent to it, are part of the site of the Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory (MRO). As the MRO lies within Wajarri country, negotiations towards an Indigenous land use agreement (ILUA) have been proceeding for some years.
Canine coronavirus
Canine coronavirus (CCoV) is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus  which is a member of the species Alphacoronavirus suis. It is distributed world wide and may cause intestinal disease in dogs. The infecting virus enters its host cell by binding to the APN receptor. It was discovered in 1971 in Germany during an outbreak in sentry dogs. The virus is a member of the genus Alphacoronavirus and subgenus Tegacovirus.

Sense (molecular biology)
In molecular biology and genetics, the sense of a nucleic acid molecule, particularly of a strand of DNA or RNA, refers to the nature of the roles of the strand and its complement in specifying a sequence of amino acids. Depending on the context, sense may have slightly different meanings. For example, the negative-sense strand of DNA is equivalent to the template strand, whereas the positive-sense strand is the non-template strand whose nucleotide sequence is equivalent to the sequence of the mRNA transcript.
Anko van der Werff
Anko van der Werff (born 1975) is a Dutch lawyer and business executive in the airline industry, who is president and CEO of Scandinavian Airlines since 2021.

From 2000 to 2010 van der Werff worked at KLM and later Air France–KLM, from 2000 to 2005 in the Netherlands, from 2005 to 2009 in Sweden (from 2006 to 2009 as regional manager for Sweden, Finland and the Baltics) and from 2009 to 2010 in the United Kingdom as commercial director for UK and Ireland. From 2010 to 2014 he worked at Qatar Airways and for 2014 to 2019 at Aeroméxico as executive vice president and chief commercial officer.

From 2019 to 2021 van der Werff was the president and CEO of Avianca Group. At Avianca, he was succeeded by Adrian Neuhauser.

In July 2021 van der Werff succeeded Rickard Gustafson as president and CEO of SAS AB.

KLM
KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, or simply KLM (an abbreviation for their official name Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij N.V. [ˈkoːnɪŋkləkə ˈlʏxtfaːrt ˌmaːtsxɑˈpɛi ˌɛnˈveː], lit. 'Royal Aviation Company'), is the flag carrier of the Netherlands. KLM’s headquarters are located in Amstelveen, with its hub at nearby Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. It is a subsidiary of the Air France–KLM group and a member of the SkyTeam airline alliance. Founded in 1919, KLM is the oldest operating airline still using its original name, having gone through significant changes in its ownership and legal structure over its history, including a period of majority government ownership. The company had a fleet of 110 aircraft (excluding subsidiaries) and 35,488 employees as of 2021. KLM operates scheduled passenger and cargo services to 145 destinations.
Carmack
Carmack is a surname derived from the Irish given name "Cormac". Notable people with the surname include:

Adrian Carmack (born 1969), game artist, cofounder of id Software

Chris Carmack (born 1980), American actor

Edward W. Carmack (1858–1908), American politician

George Carmack (1860–1922), American discoverer of gold in the Klondike region

Howard Carmack, Internet spammer

John Carmack (born 1970), American game programmer, co-founder of id Software

Justin Carmack (1981–2000), American child actor

Kate Carmack (1862–1920), First Nation woman

Kona Carmack (born 1976), American model

John Carmack
John D. Carmack II (born August 21, 1970) is an American computer programmer and video game developer. He co-founded the video game company id Software and was the lead programmer of its 1990s games Commander Keen, Wolfenstein 3D, Doom, Quake, and their sequels. Carmack made innovations in 3D computer graphics, such as his Carmack's Reverse algorithm for shadow volumes.

In 2013, he resigned from id Software to work full-time at Oculus VR as their CTO. In 2019, he reduced his role to Consulting CTO so he could allocate more time toward artificial general intelligence (AGI). In 2022, he left Oculus to work on his AGI startup, Keen Technologies.
NGC 2516
NGC 2516 (also known as Caldwell 96) is an open star cluster in the southern sky in the constellation Carina discovered by Abbe Lacaille in 1751-1752. It is also called Southern Beehive or  the Sprinter.

Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille
Abbé Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille (French: [nikɔla lwi də lakaj]; 15 March 1713 – 21 March 1762), formerly sometimes spelled de la Caille, was a French astronomer and geodesist who named 14 out of the 88 constellations. From 1750 to 1754, he studied the sky at the Cape of Good Hope in present-day South Africa. Lacaille observed over 10,000 stars using a refracting telescope.
David Kaufmann
David Kaufmann (7 June 1852 – 6 July 1899)  (Hebrew: דוד קויפמן) was a Jewish-Austrian scholar born at Kojetín, Moravia (now in the Czech Republic). From 1861 to 1867, he attended the gymnasium at Kroměříž, Moravia, where he studied the Bible and Talmud with Jacob Brüll, rabbi of Kojetín, and with the latter's son Nehemiah.

History of the Jews in Austria
The history of the Jews in Austria starts after the exodus of Jews from Judea under Roman occupation. There have been Jews in Austria since the 3rd century CE. Over the course of many centuries, the political status of the community rose and fell many times: during certain periods, the Jewish community prospered and enjoyed political equality, and during other periods it suffered pogroms, deportations to concentration camps and mass murder, and further antisemitism. The Holocaust drastically reduced the Jewish community in Austria and only 8,140 Jews remained in Austria according to the 2001 census. As of 2020, Austria had a Jewish population of 10,300 and a total of 33,000 when including any Austrian with at least one Jewish grandparent.
Super Pack
Super Pack is a compilation album by hip hop group Fly Union. The album was released on April 20, 2010. The album compiles the first four installments of Fly Union's Value Pack series of EPs (Value Pack 1, Value Pack 2, Value Pack 3 and Value Pack 4) along with seven previously unreleased songs. The album features guest appearances from artists Big Sean, Curren$y, Dom Kennedy, and Willie the Kid.

Currensy
Shante Scott Franklin (born April 4, 1981), better known by his stage name Currensy (stylized as Curren$y), is an American rapper. Born and raised in New Orleans, Louisiana, he signed with the local record labels Cash Money Records and Young Money Entertainment in the mid-2000s, but parted ways with both without any major releases. He signed with DD172 to release four albums before signing with Warner Records to release his fifth album and major label debut, Weekend at Burnie's (2011). In February of that year, he founded the record label Jet Life Recordings.

Currensy is perhaps best known for his 2015 single, "Bottom of the Bottle" (featuring Lil Wayne and August Alsina), which remains his sole entry on the Billboard Hot 100.
Royalton, Vermont
Royalton is a town in Windsor County, Vermont, United States. The population was 2,750 at the 2020 census. It includes the villages of Royalton, South Royalton, and North Royalton. Vermont Law School, the state's only accredited law school, is located in South Royalton.

Joseph Smith Birthplace Memorial
The Joseph Smith Birthplace Memorial is a granite obelisk on a hill in the White River Valley near Sharon and South Royalton in the U.S. state of Vermont. It marks the spot where Joseph Smith was born on December 23, 1805. The monument was erected by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), which recognizes Smith as its first president and founding prophet. The LDS Church continues to own and operate the site as a tourist attraction.
Bjarne Undheim
Bjarne Undheim (12 January 1905  –  28 May 1988) was a Norwegian educator and politician for the Centre Party.

He was born in Time. He obtained a cand.real. degree from the University of Oslo in 1930 and worked as a teacher and later principal at high schools in Rogaland.

He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Rogaland in 1961 and was re-elected once.

Undheim was mayor of Time during the term 1955–1959.

Rogaland
Rogaland (Norwegian: [ˈrûːɡɑlɑn] ⓘ) is a county in Western Norway, bordering the North Sea to the west and the counties of Vestland to the north, Telemark to the east and Agder to the east and southeast. As of 1 January 2024, it had a population of 499,417 people.

The administrative centre of the county is the city of Stavanger, which is the third largest city in Norway.
Wu Chaozheng
Wu Chaozheng (Chinese: 吳超徵; 1905 – 20 April 1933) was a Chinese military officer in the National Revolutionary Army who died during the defense of the Great Wall, a military campaign against the Japanese. After his death, top Chinese leaders Chiang Kai-shek, T.V. Soong, Sun Fo, as well as top military brass Zhu Peide, Zhang Zhizhong, Cai Tingkai, Liu Zhi and his immediate leader Huang Chieh all wrote epitaphs in his memory.

Wu Chaozheng was a graduate of the Whampoa Military Academy.

Republic of China Military Academy
The Republic of China Military Academy (Chinese: 中華民國陸軍軍官學校; pinyin: Zhōnghúa Mīngúo Lùjūn Jūnguān Xúexiào; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Lio̍k-kun Kun-koaⁿ Ha̍k-hāu), also known as the  Chinese Military Academy (CMA), is the service academy for the Republic of China Army. It was founded as the Whampoa Military Academy at Whampoa, Canton (present day Huangpu, Guangzhou) in 1924. At the end of the Chinese Civil War the academy evacuated to the island of Taiwan and took its current name. Its graduates participated in the Northern Expedition, the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War.
Ḑ
D-cedilla (majuscule: Ḑ, minuscule: ḑ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, consisting of the letter D with a cedilla under it. The letter stands for the voiced palatal plosive [ɟ] in the Livonian alphabet. Before a 1904 spelling reform, the letter was also used in Romanian for the voiced alveolar fricative [z] in Latin-derived words where Latin had used ⟨d⟩ — the reform replaced this with a simple ⟨z⟩; see Obsolete letters of the Romanian alphabet.

Depending on certain fonts, the cedilla traditionally looks like a comma below in Livonian use. In other use, like UNGEGN romanizations, the cedilla is like a regular cedilla.

D-cedilla is listed as an allograph of D-comma (D̦d̦) in Ithkuil.

Allograph
In graphemics and typography, the term allograph is used of a glyph that is a design variant of a letter or other grapheme, such as a letter, a number, an ideograph, a punctuation mark or other typographic symbol.
Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy
The Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy (SCORE; Malay: Koridor Tenaga Diperbaharui Sarawak) is an economic region and development corridor covering central Sarawak, a Malaysian State on the island of Borneo. SCORE was launched in 2008. It is one of the five regional development corridors launched throughout Malaysia during the Abdullah Badawi administration. SCORE is managed by the Regional Corridors Development Authority ("RECODA"), a state government agency created through an Ordinance of the State Legislative Assembly.

Limbang
Limbang is a border town and the capital of Limbang District in the Limbang Division of northern Sarawak, East Malaysia, on the island of Borneo. This district area is 3,978.10 square kilometres, and population (year 2020 census) was 56,900. It is located on the banks of the Limbang River (Sungai Limbang in Malay), between the two halves of Brunei.
Yevgeny Yatsinenko
Yevgeney Yatsinenko (January 8, 1925 – December 15, 2013) was a Soviet sprint canoeist who competed in the late 1950s. He won a silver medal in the K-2 1000 m event at the 1958 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Prague. Yatsinenko also finished fifth in the K-2 10000 m event at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne.

1958 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1958 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Prague, Czechoslovakia. This event was held under the auspices of the International Canoe Federation.

The men's competition consisted of four Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Two events were held for the women, both in kayak. This was the fifth championships in canoe sprint.

The Soviet Union won their first medals at these championships.
Stockton Center for International Law
The Stockton Center for International Law is an American research center at the Center for Naval Warfare Studies at the Naval War College. The center is focused on original research and analysis in international law and military operations. Predominantly, the Stockton Center has been involved in the review of various military manuals under international law, including the Tallinn Manual 2.0, the San Remo Manual and the Woomera Manual. Additionally, the center is responsible for the International Law Studies Journal, the editor-in-chief of which is the current Charles H. Stockton Professor of International Law, Professor James Kraska. The center routinely organizes workshops and seminars on contemporary issues in international law.

Military operation
A military operation (op) is the coordinated military actions of a state, or a non-state actor, in response to a developing situation. These actions are designed as a military plan to resolve the situation in the state or actor's favor. Operations may be of a combat or non-combat nature and may be referred to by a code name for the purpose of national security. Military operations are often known for their more generally accepted common usage names than their actual operational objectives.
Østvold
Østvold is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Benjamin Østvold (born 2001), Norwegian ski jumper

Line Østvold (1978–2004), Norwegian professional snowboarder

Marius Østvold (born 1997), retired Norwegian football midfielder

Per Østvold (born 1949), Norwegian trade unionist and politician

Thomas Østvold (born 1973), retired Norwegian football defender

Marius Østvold
Marius Østvold (born 4 November 1997) is a retired Norwegian football midfielder.

He hails from Porsgrunn, but joined Stabæk as a youth player and also featured for Norway internationally. He made his Norwegian Premier League debut in May 2016 against IK Start, but tore a cruciate ligament in June 2016. A year later he faced another surgery, this time in both shins. He never returned to Stabæk's first team, and ahead of the 2018 season he trialled with Lyn. After four matches for Lyn he retired because of the injuries.

Former footballer Thomas Østvold is his uncle.
Premalata Mohapatra
Premalata Mohapatra (15 July 1950 – 1 May 2015) was an Indian politician. She was elected as a member of the Odisha Legislative Assembly from the Kamakhyanagar constituency in a by-election held on 8 February 1997 as an Indian National Congress candidate.

Kamakhyanagar Assembly constituency
Kamakhyanagar is a Vidhan Sabha constituency of Dhenkanal district, Odisha.

Area of this constituency includes Kamakhyanagar, Bhuban, 15 GPs (Badasuanlo, Jagannathpur, Bhairapur, Baruan(K), Baunspal, Kanapura, Baisinga, Baligorad, Mahulapal, Kadua, Rainarasinghpur, Sogar, Budhibilli, Bankual and Kotagara) of Kamakshyanagar block and 7 GPs (Barada, Gengutia, Sankulei, Tarva, Chaulia, Sogarpasi and Bansingh) of Dhenkanal block, and Bhuban block.

In 1985 election, Bharatiya Janata Party candidate Prasanna Pattnaik was elected from Kamakhyanagar to become the first BJP MLA from Odisha.
Bolles+Wilson
Bolles+Wilson is an architecture firm established by Julia Bolles-Wilson and Peter Wilson, both Architectural Association (AA) graduates. Established in London, the firm moved to Münster after winning the design competition for the Münster City Library. Other major works include the Luxor Theatre in Rotterdam (2001) and the Helmond City Library (2010).

Architectural design competition
An architectural competition is a type of design competition, in which an entity that intends to build new work, or is just seeking ideas, invites architects to submit design proposals. The winning proposal is usually chosen by an independent panel of design professionals, stakeholders (such as government and local representatives, the leadership of a cultural institution, etc.) or public opinion. The effect of architectural competitions varies with competition format.
Skool Luv Affair
Skool Luv Affair is the second extended play by South Korean boy band BTS. The ten-track album was released by Big Hit Entertainment on February 12, 2014, with "Boy in Luv" as its lead single. Two music videos, including a choreography only version, accompanied the single's release. A second single, "Just One Day", was promoted in April. Four different music videos were subsequently released in support of the song.

A limited edition repackage of the album, Skool Luv Affair Special Addition, was released on May 14, 2014. The physical copy of the repackage contained eighteen tracks, including two new songs: "Miss Right" and "I Like It (Slow Jam Remix)", and six instrumentals. After its initial release sold out, the repackage remained out of print for six years. Big Hit made the album available for purchase once again in October 2020, due to popular demand.

Big Hit Music
Big Hit Music (Korean: 빅히트 뮤직, stylized in all caps), formerly Big Hit Entertainment (Korean: 빅히트 엔터테인먼트), is a South Korean record label established in 2005 by Bang Si-hyuk. It was re-branded and re-structured into an independent label under Hybe Corporation (formerly Big Hit Entertainment Co., Ltd.) in March 2021. As of date, the label is home to soloist Lee Hyun, and boy groups BTS, Tomorrow X Together, and Cortis. It previously managed soloist Lim Jeong-hee, and groups 8Eight, 2AM, and co-managed Glam.
Emily Rapp Black
Emily Rapp Black (born July 12, 1974) is an American memoir author. When she was six years old, she was chosen as the poster child for the non-profit organization March of Dimes, due to a congenital birth defect that resulted in the amputation of her left leg. She has written two memoirs, one that presents her life as an amputee and the other that tells the story of the birth of her son Ronan Christopher Louis and his diagnosis of Tay–Sachs disease. She is a former Fulbright scholar and recipient of the James A. Michener Fellowship. She is a professor at the University of California, Riverside, School of Medicine.

March of Dimes
March of Dimes is an American nonprofit organization that works to improve the health of mothers and babies. The organization was founded by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1938, as the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, to combat polio. The name "March of Dimes" was coined by Eddie Cantor as a pun on the newsreel series The March of Time. After funding Jonas Salk's polio vaccine, the organization expanded its focus to the prevention of birth defects and infant mortality.  In 2005, as preterm birth emerged as the leading cause of death for children worldwide, research and prevention of premature birth became the organization's primary focus.
Stuart McKenzie (footballer, born 1967)
Stuart Ronald McKenzie (born 19 September 1967) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender in the Football League for York City and in non-League football for Bridlington Trinity, Guiseley, Hall Road Rangers, North Ferriby United, Lincoln United, Ossett Town and Brigg Town.

Lincoln United F.C.
Lincoln United Football Club is a football club based in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England. They are currently members of the Northern Premier League Division One East and play at Ashby Avenue. Nicknamed the Whites after their home kit colours, they have played at Ashby Avenue since their foundation in 1938.