hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Assassination of Uthman
Uthman ibn Affan, the third Rashidun caliph, who ruled from 644 to 656, was assassinated at the end of a siege upon his house in 656. This was initially a protest but escalated into a siege following the death of a protester. The protesters-turned-rebels had demanded a new caliph, which Uthman refused. On 17 June 656 (35 AH) protestors set the house on fire, made their way inside, and killed him.

The assassination of Uthman had a polarizing effect on the Ummah at the time. Questions were raised not only regarding his character and policies but also the relationship between Muslims and the state, religious beliefs regarding rebellion and governance, and the qualifications of rulership in Islam.

Rashidun
The Rashidun (Arabic: الراشدون, romanized: al-Rāshidūn, lit. 'the rightly-guided') are the first four caliphs (lit. 'successors') who led the Muslim community following the death of Muhammad: Abu Bakr (r. 632–634), Umar (r. 634–644), Uthman (r. 644–656), and Ali (r. 656–661).

The reign of these caliphs, called the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), is considered in Sunni Islam to have been 'rightly guided' (Arabic: rāshid), meaning that it constitutes a model (Sunnah) to be followed and emulated from a religious point of view.
Fatal Extravagance
Fatal Extravagance is a 1721 tragedy by the British writer Aaron Hill. It was presented by another writer Joseph Mitchell, a friend of Hill, at the Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre in London. The original cast included James Quin as Bellmour, Anthony Boheme as Courtney, John Ogden as Bargrave and Anna Maria Seymour as Louisa. It was printed with the slightly longer title The Fatal Extravagance.

Hill was inspired by the recent South Sea Bubble where speculative investment had led to a massive crash, ruining backers of the company. In the play this takes the former a out-of-control gambler who ends up killing a creditor and planning to commit suicide.

In 1793 a version of the play retitled The Prodigal by Francis Godolphin Waldron was staged at the Haymarket Theatre, with a happy ending added.

Lisle's Tennis Court
51°30′55″N 0°6′55″W﻿ / ﻿51.51528°N 0.11528°W﻿ / 51.51528; -0.11528

Lisle's Tennis Court was a building off Portugal Street in Lincoln's Inn Fields in London.  Originally built as a real tennis court, it was used as a playhouse during two periods, 1661–1674 and 1695–1705. During the early period, the theatre was called Lincoln's Inn Fields Playhouse, also known as The Duke's Playhouse, The New Theatre or The Opera.  The building was rebuilt in 1714, and used again as a theatre for a third period, 1714–1732.  The tennis court theatre was the first public playhouse in London to feature the moveable scenery that would become a standard feature of Restoration theatres.
Andrew B. Newberg
Andrew Newberg is an American neuroscientist who is a professor in the Department of Integrative Medicine and Nutritional Sciences and the director of research at the Marcus Institute of Integrative Health at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, previously an adjunct professor of religious studies and a lecturer in psychology in the Biological Basis of Behavior Program at the University of Pennsylvania.

He has been a prominent researcher in the field of nuclear medical brain imaging and neurotheology. In particular, his research has focused on the development of neurotransmitter tracers for the evaluation of religiosity as well as neurological and psychiatric disorders including clinical depression, head injury, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease.

Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
Thomas Jefferson University Hospital is the flagship hospital of Jefferson Health, a multi-state non-profit health system based in Philadelphia. The hospital serves as the teaching hospital for Thomas Jefferson University. With 937 licensed beds and 63 operating rooms, it is the second-largest hospital in Pennsylvania as of 2018.
The Metamorphosis
The Metamorphosis (German: Die Verwandlung), also translated as The Transformation, is a novella by Franz Kafka published in 1915. One of Kafka's best-known works, The Metamorphosis tells the story of salesman Gregor Samsa, who wakes to find himself inexplicably transformed into a huge insect (German: ungeheueres Ungeziefer, lit. "monstrous vermin") and struggles to adjust to this condition, as does his family. The novella has been widely discussed among literary critics, who have offered varied interpretations. In popular culture and adaptations of the novella, the insect is commonly depicted as a cockroach.

About 70 printed pages, it is the longest of the stories Kafka considered complete and published during his lifetime. It was first published in 1915 in the October issue of the journal Die weißen Blätter under the editorship of René Schickele. The first edition in book form appeared in December 1915 in the series Der jüngste Tag, edited by Kurt Wolff.

René Schickele
René Schickele (4 August 1883 – 31 January 1940) was a German-French writer, essayist and translator.

Schickele's most famous work is the novel trilogy Das Erbe am Rhein (1925–31): Maria Capponi (1925), Blick auf die Vogesen (1927) and Der Wolf in der Hürde (1931).
Imagining Palestine
Imagining Palestine: Cultures of Exile and National Identity is a 2022 book by Tahrir Hamdi, a professor of Decolonial Studies at Arab Open University. It was a 2023 winner of the Counter Current Award category by Palestine Book Award and has been widely reviewed.

Arab Open University
Arab Open University (AOU) (Arabic: الجامعة العربية المفتوحة) is a non-profit university system in the Arab world. Headquartered in Kuwait, the system is composed of 16 campuses across 9 countries: Ardiya in Kuwait, Riyadh, Jeddah, Dammam, Madinah, Ḥail, Al-Ahsa in Saudi Arabia, Seeb in Oman, A'ali in Bahrain, Amman in Jordan, Al-Bireh in Palestine, Beirut, Antelias, Tripoli in Lebanon, El-Shorouk in Egypt and Khartoum in Sudan.

The university has a combined student body of 62,612 students, 61,886 of which are postgraduates while 742 of which are postgraduates, 1031 staff members and 77,037 living alumni.

The headquarters of the university is located in Kuwait, designated in 2000. The university has a long-standing academic partnership with the United Kingdom's Open University.
Danny Healy-Rae
Daniel Healy-Rae (born 16 July 1954) is an Irish independent politician who has been a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Kerry constituency since the 2016 general election. Prior to entering national politics, he was a member of Kerry County Council from 2003 to 2016 for the Killarney local electoral area.

A member of the Healy-Rae family, he is a son of Jackie Healy-Rae and brother of fellow constituency TD Michael Healy-Rae. His daughter, Maura and son, Johnny are both elected members of Kerry County Council for the Killarney and Kenmare local electoral areas respectively. He has worked in plant hire and owns a pub in Kilgarvan.

Equipment rental
Equipment rental, or plant hire, is a service industry providing machinery, equipment and tools for a limited period of time to final users, mainly to general contractors but also to industry and individual consumers. Renting can be defined as paying someone for the use of something for temporary or short-term purposes.
Jagdish Chandra Mathur
Jagdish Chandra Mathur (16 July 1917 –14 May 1978) was a Hindi playwright and writer. He came into fame by his first play Konark. He was born in a village near Khurja. His other famous works includes Phela Raja, Shardiya, Dasrath Nandan, Bhor ka Tara and Oo mere Sapne.

Khurja
Khurja is a city (and a municipal board) in Bulandshahr district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is situated around 20 km from Bulandshahr and 85 km from Delhi. Khurja supplies a large portion of the ceramics used in the country, hence it is sometimes called The Ceramics City. The city is also famous for a special sweet, known as "khurchan".

The principal inhabitants of Khurja are the Pashtuns, mainly members from the Kheshgi Dynasty of Timur's army.

The name Khurja is derived from the Urdu word kharija meaning, cancelled or condemned, as the revenue for this town was waived because this land included many swamps and the agricultural possibilities were rare.

Khurja is known for ceramics production. With over 500 factories producing ceramic works, its skyline is dotted with chimneys.
Madan Mahatta
Madan Mahatta (1932–2014) was an Indian photographer. He was mainly interested in architectural photography. He worked closely with architects including Raj Rewal, Charles Correa, Habib Rahman, and Achyut Kanvinde. Many of his works are in black-and-white. Mahatta died of cancer on 5 March 2014.

Habib Rahman (architect)
Habib Rahman (1915 – 19 December 1995) was an Indian architect. Regarded as a pioneer of the Bahaus style of architecture in India, Rahman was known for combining Indian architectural elements into modernist designs.

Born in Calcutta, Rahman was educated at the University of Calcutta and later at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After a brief stint in the United States, he returned to India in 1946, and was appointed senior architect for the government of West Bengal. Rahman's work in West Bengal includes the Gandhi Ghat, Bengal Engineering College, and New Secretariat building.

In 1953, Rahman moved to Delhi to work for the central government, and designed various public buildings, including the National Zoological Park, and the Rabindra Bhavan. He also designed the tombs of Maulana Azad, Zakir Husain, and Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed.

He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1955, and the Padma Bhushan in 1974.
Ford Motor Company of Canada
Ford Motor Company of Canada, Limited (French: Ford du Canada Limitée) was founded on August 17, 1904, for the purpose of manufacturing and selling Ford cars in Canada. It was originally known as the Walkerville Wagon Works and was located in Walkerville, Ontario (now part of Windsor, Ontario). The founder, Gordon Morton McGregor, convinced a group of investors to invest in Henry Ford's new automobile, which was being produced across the river in Detroit, Michigan.

The firm manufactures and sells cars in Canada, and also in the United States and other countries around the world.

Canadian French
Canadian French (French: français canadien, [fʁãˈsɛ kanaˈd͡zjɛ̃]) is the French language as it is spoken in Canada. It includes multiple varieties, the most prominent of which is Québécois (Quebec French). Formerly Canadian French referred solely to Quebec French and the closely related varieties of Ontario (Franco-Ontarian) and Western Canada—in contrast with Acadian French, which is spoken by Acadians in New Brunswick (including the Chiac dialect) and some areas of Nova Scotia (including the dialect St. Marys Bay French), Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland & Labrador (where Newfoundland French is also spoken).
Kosmo!
Kosmo! (short for Cosmopolitan; Malay: Kosmopolitan) is a Malay-language compact format newspaper tabloid in Malaysia owned by the Utusan Group, which also owns Kosmo!'s Sunday paper Kosmo! Ahad, Utusan Malaysia, and Mingguan Malaysia.  It is available in Malaysia at most newsstands.

Compact (newspaper)
A compact newspaper is a broadsheet-quality newspaper printed in a tabloid format, especially one in the United Kingdom. The term as used for this size came into use after The Independent began producing a smaller format edition in 2003 for London's commuters, designed to be easier to read when using mass transit.

Readers from other parts of the country liked the new format, and The Independent introduced it nationally. The Times and The Scotsman copied the format as The Independent increased in sales. The Times and The Scotsman are now printed exclusively in compact format following trial periods during which both broadsheet and compact version were produced simultaneously. The Independent published its last paper edition on 20 March 2016 and now appears online only.
1989 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1989 Nabisco Grand Prix was the only tennis circuit for male players held that year. It incorporated the four Grand Slam tournaments, one World Championship Tennis tournament and the Grand Prix tournaments.

Kelly Jones (tennis)
Kelly Jones (born March 31, 1964) is an American former doubles world No. 1 tennis player. Jones reached the finals in doubles at the Australian and US Opens in 1992. He was the Head Men's Tennis Coach at Furman University in Greenville, South Carolina from 2011–2019. He was replaced by former assistant J.J. Whitlinger.
Lacus Tenebrarum
Lacus Tenebrarum (Latin tenebra, "darkness") is a small patch of the lunar surface that has been inundated by flows of lava, leaving a level patch with a lower albedo than the surrounding ground.  It is located near the lunar south pole, which is illuminated by the sun only obliquely.  It was named by the IAU on August 28, 2025.

The lacus lies between the prominent crater Drygalski and the south pole.  A small crater called Ibn Bajja is adjacent to it.  Cabeus crater is to the east and Kocher is to the west.

Cabeus (crater)
Cabeus is a lunar impact crater that is located about 100 km (62 mi) from the south pole of the Moon. At this location the crater is seen obliquely from Earth, and it is almost perpetually in deep shadow due to lack of sunlight. Hence, not much detail can be seen of this crater, even from orbit. Through a telescope, this crater appears near the southern limb of the Moon, to the west of the crater Malapert and to the south-southwest of Newton.
Iqaddar
Iqaddar is a small town and rural commune in El Hajeb Province of the Fès-Meknès region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 10,483 people living in 1938 households.

Fez-Meknes
Fez-Meknes (Arabic: فاس-مكناس, romanized: fās maknās) is among the twelve Regions of Morocco. It has a population of 4,467,911 (2024 census). Its capital is Fez. Its current president is Abdelouhed El Ansari, and its current wali (governor) is Khalid Aït Taleb.
Four Course
Four Course (1928 – 1932) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse. She was one of the best two-year-old fillies of her generation in England when she won three of her four races, namely the July Stakes, Richmond Stakes and Gimcrack Stakes. In the following spring she won the 1000 Guineas and finished second in both the Epsom Oaks and the Falmouth Stakes. She was retired at the end of the year but died before she could make and mark as a broodmare.

Gimcrack Stakes
The Gimcrack Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-old colts and geldings. It is run at York over a distance of 6 furlongs (1,207 metres) and is scheduled to take place each year in August.

Entry into this "prestigious" race is often indicative of confidence in a horse's ability and potential.
Anyuan Miners' Strike Memorial Hall
Anyuan Miners' Strike Memorial Hall (Chinese: 安源路矿工人运动纪念馆) is a museum in Anyuan District, Pingxiang, China. The museum memorializes part of the early revolutionary activity of Mao Zedong. Li Lisan and Liu Shaoqi are also commemorated.

Anyuan, Pingxiang
Anyuan District (simplified Chinese: 安源区; traditional Chinese: 安源區; pinyin: Ānyuán Qū) is a district of the city of Pingxiang, Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China.

The famous Maoist propaganda painting Chairman Mao Goes to Anyuan is set in this location, depicting an occasion when the young Mao Zedong traveled to Anyuan to help lead a miners' strike. The 1962 painting "Comrade Liu Shaoqi and the Anyuan Miners" portrays the same strike.

The memorial of Anyuan
Makaramanju
Makaramanju (English: The Mist of Capricorn) is a 2011 Malayalam language romantic drama film written and directed by Lenin Rajendran. The film is about a certain stage in the life of a celebrated painter, Raja Ravi Varma. It also narrates the story of the epic character, Pururavas. Cinematographer Santhosh Sivan and Karthika Nair appear in the lead roles. The movie is the latter's major Malayalam debut (in her mother tongue).

"Urvashi Pururavas" is the painting woven into the film's narrative. In a story within a story format, Lenin Rajendran intertwines the story of the artist with that of the mythological Urvashi and her beloved King Pururavas. The film received mixed reviews upon release. It was one of the five Malayalam films to be screened at the International Film Festival of India. It won the FIPRESCI Prize for Best Malayalam Film at the International Film Festival of Kerala. It was nominated at the National Film Awards for 2010.

International Film Festival of India
The International Film Festival of India (IFFI), founded in 1952, is an annual film festival currently held in Goa, on the western coast of India. The festival aims at providing a common platform for the cinemas of the world to project the excellence of the film art; contributing to the understanding and appreciation of film cultures of different nations in the context of their social and cultural ethos, and promoting friendship and cooperation among people of the world. The festival is conducted jointly by the National Film Development Corporation of India (under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting) and the state Government of Goa.
Narutaka Ozawa
Narutaka Ozawa (小沢登高, Ozawa Narutaka) (born 1974) is a Japanese mathematician, known for his work in operator algebras and discrete groups. He has been a professor at Kyoto University since 2013. He earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics in 1997 from the University of Tokyo and a Ph.D. in mathematics in 2000 from the same institution. One year later he received a Ph.D. in mathematics from Texas A&M University. He was selected for one of the prestigious Sloan Research Fellowships in 2005 and was an invited speaker at the 2006 ICM in Madrid where he gave a talk on "Amenable actions and Applications". He has won numerous prizes including the Mathematical Society of Japan (MSJ) Spring Prize and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Prize. Before becoming a full professor at Kyoto University in 2013, he was an associate professor at the University of Tokyo and at University of California, Los Angeles.

Sloan Research Fellowship
The Sloan Research Fellowships are awarded annually by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation since 1955 to "provide support and recognition to early-career scientists and scholars". This program is one of the oldest of its kind in the United States.

Fellowships were initially awarded in physics, chemistry, and mathematics. Awards were later added in neuroscience (1972), economics (1980), computer science (1993), computational and evolutionary molecular biology (2002), and ocean sciences or earth systems sciences (2012). Winners of these two-year fellowships are awarded $75,000, which may be spent on any expense supporting their research.  From 2012 through 2020, the foundation awarded 126 research fellowships each year; in 2021, 128 were awarded, and 118 were awarded in 2022.
1969 Copa Argentina
The 1969 Copa Argentina was the first edition of Copa Argentina, being held between February and July 1969. The tournament was played as a knockout competition, with the participation of 32 teams; 19 of the Primera División, 1 of the Primera B, 12 of the Regional leagues.

Primera B Metropolitana
Primera B Metropolitana, also known as B Metro is one of two professional leagues that form the third level of the Argentine football league system. The division is made up of 17 clubs mainly from the city of Buenos Aires and its metropolitan area, Greater Buenos Aires.

Originally created as the second division, it became the third level after a restructuring of the system in 1985 that ended with the creation of Primera B Nacional, set as the second division since then.

The other league at level three is the Torneo Federal A, where teams from regional leagues take part.
Elena Efimovna Kuzmina
Elena Efimovna Kuz'mina (Russian: Еле́на Ефи́мовна Кузьмина́; 13 April 1931 – 17 October 2013) was a Russian archaeologist. She was the chief research officer of the Russian Institute for Cultural Researches. She led 25 archaeological expeditions and participated in over a hundred, mostly in the Eurasian steppe region.

She received her Candidate of Sciences degree in archaeology in 1964 at the Moscow State University, and her Doktor nauk degree in 1988. She was a full professor of archaeology from 1988 to 2013.

She was the head scholar of the Russian Institute for Cultural Research. She was also an academician, member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (1988), Corresponding Fellow of the German Archaeological Institute (1982), member of the Italian Società Iranologica Europea (1996), and of the European Association of South Asian Archaeologists.

In 2009, she won Iran's World Prize for book of the year for her book The Origins of the Indo-Iranians.

German Archaeological Institute
The German Archaeological Institute (German: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, DAI) is a research institute in the field of archaeology (and other related fields). The DAI is a "federal agency" under the Federal Foreign Office of Germany.
Deaths in June 2013
The following is a list of notable deaths in June 2013.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship and reason for notability, established cause of death, reference.

Nord (French department)
Nord (French pronunciation: [nɔʁ] ⓘ; officially French: département du Nord; Picard: départémint dech Nord; Dutch: Noorderdepartement, lit. 'northern department') is a department in Hauts-de-France region, France, bordering Belgium. It was created from the western halves of the historical counties of Flanders and Hainaut, and the Bishopric of Cambrai. The modern coat of arms was inherited from the County of Flanders.

Nord is the country's most populous département. It had a population of 2,608,346 in 2019. It also contains the metropolitan region of Lille (the main city and the prefecture of the département), the fourth-largest urban area in France after Paris, Lyon and Marseille. The department is the part of France where the French Flemish dialect of Dutch has historically been spoken as a native language. Similarly, the distinct French Picard dialect Ch'ti is spoken there.
Drug cartel
A drug cartel   is a criminal organization composed of independent drug lords who collude with each other in order to improve their profits and dominate the illegal drug trade. Drug cartels form with the purpose of controlling the supply of the illegal drug trade and maintaining prices at a high level. The formations of drug cartels are common in Latin American countries. Rivalries between multiple drug cartels cause them to wage turf wars against each other. Drug cartels often transport both drugs and narcotics, and most often the term "Narcotics cartel" is not used to describe an organization that transports the latter legally defined set of illegal substances, such as marijuana.

Commisso 'ndrina
The Commisso 'ndrina (Italian: [komˈmisso, ˈkɔmmisso]) is a powerful clan of the 'Ndrangheta, a criminal and mafia-type organization in Calabria, Italy. The 'ndrina is based in Siderno, but also has a branch in the Greater Toronto Area in Canada as part of the Siderno Group. The Commisso clan is involved in international drug trafficking using family ties in Italy and Canada.