hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Breton nationalism and World War II
Long before World War II, the various Breton nationalist organizations were often anti-French and anti-colonialist, opposed to the Central Government's policy of linguistic imperialism, and critical to varying degrees of post-French Revolution-style Republicanism. Some Breton nationalists were openly pro-fascist. The extent to which this led Breton nationalists into collaboration with the Axis Powers and their motivations, remains a matter of often bitter historical controversy and debate.

Anti-French sentiment
Anti-French sentiment (Francophobia or Gallophobia) refers to any manifestation of hatred, prejudice, and discrimination against the French people or the Francophonie. It is most generally based upon a disdain for French culture or the French language, and has been recorded across several countries and regions for centuries. The phenomenon may be motivated by a variety of factors, such as broader feelings of xenophobia or due to certain political developments involving France. Historically, French rivalries with the British and the Germans, among others, largely shaped anti-French sentiment in Europe. The Age of Discovery enabled the spread of this sentiment to varying degrees in the colonized Americas, particularly in British colonies that developed in direct competition with French colonies. Today, political and cultural anti-French sentiment is prominent in many African countries that were colonized by France, as well as in some parts of Anglophone Canada.
2020–21 figure skating season
The 2020–21 figure skating season began on July 1, 2020, and ended on June 30, 2021. During this season, elite skaters competed at the 2021 World Championships, as well as at elite events such as the Grand Prix series and the Challenger Series.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the International Skating Union (ISU) cancelled the Junior Grand Prix series and the Grand Prix Final. Additionally, the 2021 European Championships, Four Continents Championships, and World Junior Championships were all cancelled, although the 2021 World Championships were still held.

2020–21 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final
The 2020–21 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final was a figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU), originally scheduled to be hosted by the Chinese Skating Association, and would have been the final event of the 2020–21 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating series. It would have been held concurrently with the 2020–21 Junior Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final at the Capital Indoor Stadium in Beijing, China, from 10 to 13 December 2020. Medals would have been awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance at the senior and junior levels. However, the competition was cancelled due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Goleba pallens
Goleba pallens is a species of jumping spider in the genus Goleba. The species has been identified in Angola, Congo, Ghana, Kenya and South Africa. The female was first described by John Blackwall in 1877. Initially placed in the genus Lyssomanes, the genus was moved to Asamonea by Eugène Simon in 1885 and was then to Goleba in 1980 by Fred Wanless.

Fred Wanless
Fred R. Wanless (1940 – 15 December 2017) was a British arachnologist. Active in the field especially in the 1970s and 1980s, he described several dozen taxa, in particular among the spiders of the Salticidae family. Wanless played a significant role in the British Arachnological Society being its member in 1969–1973, 1974–1976 and 1986–1989, and Meetings Secretary in 1973–1978. From 1973 to 1988 he described 137 new species and 13 new genera.
Anandan
Anandan is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anathalavattom Anandan (born 1937), Indian politician

K. Murugesan Anandan (born 1951), Indian politician

M. Anandan, Indian politician

M. S. M. Anandan, Indian politician

Subhas Anandan (1947–2015), Singaporean lawyer

Subhas Anandan
Subhas Anandan (25 December 1947 – 7 January 2015) was a Singaporean criminal lawyer, who was known to have represented criminals in many high-profile cases that occurred in Singapore.

At the time of his death, Anandan was the senior partner in law firm RHTLaw Taylor Wessing LLP and headed its department in criminal law. He was a founding member and the first president of the Association of Criminal Lawyers of Singapore. He was also the president of Cuesports Singapore, the national sports association for billiards, snooker, and pool. Towards the end of his life, Anandan's health began to deteriorate and he died of heart failure in January 2015.
Macropterygius
Macropterygius is a genus of ichthyosaurs known from the Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian age) of England (Kimmeridge Clay formation). Though many specimens have been referred to this genus from all over Europe, the type specimen of the only recognized species, M. trigonus, consists of just a single vertebra. Because this cannot be used to distinguish ichthyosaurs from one another, the genus and species are currently considered nomina dubia (doubtful names).

Kimmeridge Clay
The Kimmeridge Clay is a sedimentary deposit of fossiliferous marine clay which is of Late Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous age and occurs in southern and eastern England and in the North Sea. This rock formation is the major source rock for North Sea oil. The fossil fauna of the Kimmeridge Clay includes turtles, crocodiles, sauropods, plesiosaurs, pliosaurs and ichthyosaurs, as well as a number of invertebrate species.
Yingbo
Yingbo (Chinese: 𦀚伯) was an early ruler of the ancient Chinese state that would later be known as Chu. His father was Jilian and his mother was Bi Zhui (妣隹), a granddaughter of the Shang dynasty king Pangeng. He had a younger brother named Yuanzhong (遠仲).

According to the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips, Yingbo was succeeded by Xuexiong (better known as Yuxiong). However, Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian recorded the name of Jilian's son as Fuju (附沮), and Xuexiong as Fuju's son. The exact relationship between Yingbo, Fuju, and Xuexiong/Yuxiong is unclear.

Tsinghua Bamboo Slips
The Tsinghua Bamboo Strips (simplified Chinese: 清华简; traditional Chinese: 清華簡; pinyin: Qīnghuá jiǎn) are a collection of Chinese texts dating to the Warring States period and written in ink on strips of bamboo, that were acquired in 2008 by Tsinghua University, China. The texts were obtained by illegal excavation, probably of a tomb in the area of Hubei or Hunan province, and were then acquired and donated to the university by an alumnus. The very large size of the collection and the significance of the texts for scholarship make it one of the most important discoveries of early Chinese texts to date.

On 7 January 2014 the journal Nature announced that a portion of the Tsinghua Bamboo Strips represent "the world's oldest example" of a decimal multiplication table.
Yield (metric)
Yield (metric) is a significant metric used in integrated circuit reliability engineering. It quantifies the proportion of manufactured chips that meet the required performance specifications despite variations in the semiconductor fabrication process. In modern semiconductor manufacturing, yield has a direct influence on the cost of chip products. As such, it is crucial for circuit designers to accurately estimate yield  and to improve it as much as possible during the design phase. This demand has led to two central problems in the field: yield estimation (also referred to as yield analysis) and yield optimization.

Circuit design
In electrical engineering, the process of circuit design can cover systems ranging from complex electronic systems down to the individual transistors within an integrated circuit.  One person can often do the design process without needing a planned or structured design process for simple circuits. Still, teams of designers following a systematic approach with intelligently guided computer simulation are becoming increasingly common for more complex designs.  In integrated circuit design automation, the term "circuit design" often refers to the step of the design cycle which outputs the schematics of the integrated circuit. Typically this is the step between logic design and physical design.
Prescott Schools
The Prescott Schools are a collection of independent Seventh-day Adventist co-educational primary and secondary day schools located in various suburbs in Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

Prescott Secondary College is a secondary school with year levels beginning from Year 7 through to Year 12 and is located in the Adelaide suburb of Prospect. Prescott College Southern is a primary and secondary school catering for the southern Adelaide suburbs and is located in Morphett Vale. Prescott Primary Northern is located in Para Vista and caters for students from R to Year 6. The schools are connected with other Seventh-day Adventist schools throughout the Oceania region. It is part of the Seventh-day Adventist Church's worldwide educational system, the world's second-largest Christian school system.

Year 12
Year 12 is an educational year group in schools in many countries including England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Australia and New Zealand. It is sometimes the twelfth or thirteenth year of compulsory education, or alternatively a year of post-compulsory education. It usually incorporates students aged between 16 and 18, depending on the locality. It is also known as "senior year" in parts of Australia, where it is the final year of compulsory education. Year Twelve in England and Wales, and in New Zealand, is the equivalent of Eleventh grade, junior year, or grade 11 in the US and parts of Canada.
Tom Sharpe (musician)
Tom Sharpe is an American born musician, composer and recording artist who is principal performer and artistic director of the Sharpe World Music Ensemble.  He is best known as one of the drummers for the Grammy award-winning group, Mannheim Steamroller, as well as Dennis DeYoung, a founding member of the rock band Styx.

The title track of his debut CD Like Setting Myself on Fire was voted Grand Prize Winner - World Music Song of the Year by the John Lennon Songwriting Contest.

On October 28, 2014, Sharpe released his second solo CD Lifting the World via Marathon Records.

Sharpe attended the Interlochen Arts Academy and holds the degrees Bachelor of Music and Master of Music from DePaul University in Chicago.

Sharpe lives in Oswego, Illinois, but grew up in Romeo, Michigan.

Interlochen Center for the Arts
Interlochen Center for the Arts (/ˈɪntərˈlɒkən/ IN-tər-lock-ən; also known as ICA or Interlochen and previously known as the National Music Camp) is a non-profit corporation which operates arts education programs and performance venues. Established in 1928 by Joseph E. Maddy, Interlochen Center for the Arts is located on a 1,200-acre (490 ha) campus in Green Lake Township, Grand Traverse County, Michigan, immediately south of the eponymous community of Interlochen and about 10 miles (16 km) southwest of Traverse City.
Death Before Dishonour
Death Before Dishonour is the fifth studio album by the Scottish punk rock band The Exploited. It was released on 15 April 1987 through Rough Justice Records. With this release, The Exploited moved to a more crossover thrash direction. This album was re-released on 19 June 2001 on Spitfire Records and contained an additional seven tracks. A music video of the band playing live with a woman was released for the 1987 single "Sexual Favours". The album cover features the Grim Reaper and former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.  The album ranked in the top 200 of the Britain Alternative Music list.

Grim Reaper
The Grim Reaper is a popular personification of death in Western culture in the form of a hooded skeletal figure wearing a black robe and carrying a scythe.  Since the 14th century, European art connected each of these various physical features to death, though the name "Grim Reaper" and the artistic popularity of all the features combined emerged as late as the 19th century. Sometimes, particularly when winged, the character is equated with the Angel of Death. The scythe as an artistic symbol of death has deliberate agricultural associations since the medieval period. The tool symbolizes the removal of human souls from their bodies in huge numbers, with the analogy being to a farmer (reaper) cutting through large swaths of grain crops during harvest.
Battle of Flamborough Head
The Battle of Flamborough Head was a naval battle that took place on 23 September 1779 in the North Sea off the coast of Yorkshire between a combined Franco-American squadron, led by Continental Navy officer John Paul Jones, and two British escort vessels protecting a large merchant convoy. It became one of the most celebrated naval actions of the war in America, despite its relatively small size and a considerable dispute over what had actually occurred.

Scarborough, North Yorkshire
Scarborough (/ˈskɑːbrə/) is a seaside town and civil parish in the district and ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. With a population of 61,749, Scarborough is the largest town on the Yorkshire Coast and the fourth-largest settlement in the county.

located on the North Sea coast, and is on the Cleveland Way long distance footpath which follows the coast through the town. Historically in the North Riding of Yorkshire, the town lies between 10 and 230 feet (3–70 m) above sea level, from Scarborough Harbour rising steeply north and west towards limestone cliffs. The older part of the town lies around the harbour and is protected by a rocky headland that extends into the North Sea.

The town has fishing and service industries, including a growing digital and creative economy, and is a tourist destination. Residents of the town are known as Scarborians.
Results of the 2025 Western Australian state election (Legislative Assembly)
This is a list of electoral district results for the 2025 Western Australian state election.

Percentages, margins and swings are calculated on notional estimates based on analysis of the redistributed electoral boundaries by the ABC's Antony Green for the Western Australian Parliamentary Library.

Antony Green
Antony John Green AO FASSA (born 2 March 1960) is an Australian psephologist, data scientist, journalist, and commentator. He was chief election analyst for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) until his retirement from the role after the federal election in May 2025. He continues to work part-time for the ABC in an off-air capacity.
Karolinum Press
Karolinum Press is the university press of Charles University in Prague. It was established in 1990, and it has published over 5000 titles since then. Its English-language books are distributed globally by University of Chicago Press, and its e-books are available via ebrary.

Ebrary
ebrary (the "e" is lower case) was an online digital library which held over 100,000 scholarly e-books in 2014.  It was available in many academic libraries and provided a set of online database collections that combined scholarly books from over 435 academic, trade, and professional publishers. It also included sheet music (9,000 titles) and government documents. Additionally, ebrary offered a service called "DASH!" for customers to distribute their own PDF content online.

ebrary had 2,700 subscribers (mostly libraries) at the end of 2009. Users gained access through a subscribing library and could view, search, copy, and print documents from their computers.

ebrary was founded in 1999 by friends Christopher Warnock and Kevin Sayar. It was headquartered in Palo Alto, California, and was acquired by ProQuest in 2011. In 2015, ProQuest replaced ebrary with ProQuest Ebook Central. Before it was replaced, it held over 900,000 documents.
Budde
Budde is a surname of German origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Brad Budde (b. 1958), American professional football player

Christoph Budde (1963–2009), German football player

Ed Budde (1940–2023), American professional football player

Elmar Budde (1935–2025), German musicologist

Gustav Henrik Andreas Budde-Lund (1846–1911), Danish zoologist

Jonas Budde (1644–1710), Danish-Norwegian army officer

Jöns Budde (c. 1435–1495), Finnish Franciscan friar

Kai Budde (1979–2026), German professional Magic: The Gathering player

Karl Budde (1850–1935), German theologian

Katrin Budde (b. 1965), German politician

Mariann Budde (b. 1959), diocesan bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Washington, D.C.

Ryan Budde (b. 1979), American professional baseball player

Theo Budde (1889–1959), Dutch jeweller, preservationist, and poet

Vincens Budde (1660–1729), Norwegian army officer

Christoph Budde
Christoph Budde (11 February 1963 – 1 December 2009) was a German professional footballer who made 42 appearances in the Bundesliga for Borussia Mönchengladbach as a striker between 1985 and 1990.

He died on 1 December 2009 of swine flu, aged 46.
Kurattikkadu
Kurattikkadu is the main part of Mannar town situated in Alappuzha district in Kerala, India. It is situated on the banks of the Pampa River. Many institutions like Mannar Panchayath Office, Mannar Village Office, Mannar Panchayath Library, National Granthasala, and Village Extension Office are situated in Kurattikkadu. Mannar is situated at only 10 km from Chengannur, Thiruvalla, Haripad and Mavelikara. Mannar is connected via 4 railway stations (Chengannur, Thiruvalla, Harippad and Mavelikara) at a distance of 10 km each on four sides.

Haripad
Haripad is a municipality in Onattukara region of Alappuzha District, Kerala, India located between Alappuzha and Kollam on the National Highway 66. Haripad is bordered on the east by Pallippad, Veeyapuram and Karuvatta to the north, Kumarapuram and Karthikappally to the West, and on the south by Cheppad. It is known as the land of art, artists, land of snake boats, land of music, dance and drama. Due to town with highest number of temples in kerala, it is also popularly known as Kshetranagari (Town of Temples) in which Haripad Temple and Mannarasala Temple being the chief one among them. One of the largest thermal power plants in Kerala, the Rajiv Gandhi Combined Cycle Power Plant run by the NTPC, is situated at Haripad.

Haripad is a primary economic and cultural hub of the Onattukara region and Alappuzha district. It is famous for its religious and cultural heritage, and is a centre for Hindu culture.
César A. Amigó
César Alfredo "Amigó" Aguilar (born August 23, 1981) is a Mexican film producer, screenwriter, director, cinematographer, actor, and founder of Oscuro Deseo Producciones. He is known as the creator of the film series Serial Comic, and as a screenwriter of the short films Sesiones and the critically acclaimed Un aliado en el tiempo (An ally in time). He is a make-up artist known for his work on Sus satánicas majestades.

Mœnia
Mœnia is a Mexican electronic/synthpop/ambient group. Popular within the Latin club scene while simultaneously pioneering a darker, more experimental, more poetic side of Spanish-language electronica, Mœnia has had three top-20 hits. Mœnia is often considered one of the first successful experimental Mexican music composers and performers, finding commercial viability in a market normally dominated by Latin ballad crooners, teenage vocal groups and musical styles with more mass appeal like cumbia, reggaeton and ranchera. Mœnia is also popular in other parts of Latin America, including the Argentinian and Chilean music markets, where they have also charted. Some of their most recognized singles include "Estabas Ahí", "No Dices Más" and "Manto Estelar".
Tanh-sinh quadrature
Tanh-sinh quadrature is a method for numerical integration introduced by Hidetoshi Takahashi and Masatake Mori in 1974. It is especially applied where singularities or infinite derivatives exist at one or both endpoints.

The method uses hyperbolic functions in the change of variables

to transform an integral on the interval x ∈ (−1, 1) to an integral on the entire real line t ∈ (−∞, ∞), the two integrals having the same value.
After this transformation, the integrand decays with a double exponential rate, and thus, this method is also known as the double exponential (DE) formula.

For a given step size , the integral is approximated by the sum

with the abscissas

and the weights

Double exponential function
A double exponential function is a constant raised to the power of an exponential function.  The general formula is  (where a>1 and b>1), which grows much more quickly than an exponential function. For example, if a = b = 10:

f(x) = 1010x

f(0) = 10

f(1) = 1010

f(2) = 10100 = googol

f(3) = 101000

f(100) = 1010100 = googolplex.

Factorials grow faster than exponential functions, but much more slowly than double exponential functions. However, tetration and the Ackermann function grow faster. See Big O notation for a comparison of the rate of growth of various functions.

The inverse of the double exponential function is the double logarithm log(log(x)). The complex double exponential function is entire, because it is the composition of two entire functions  and .
The Eye of the Sibyl
"The Eye of the Sibyl" is a science fiction short story by American writer Philip K. Dick. It was written sometime around 1975, but not published until 1987 when it was included in volume 5 (subtitled "The Little Black Box") of The Collected Stories of Philip K. Dick, and has been reprinted since in other editions of this book such as the U.S. edition The Eye of the Sibyl and Other Stories .

This is said to have been Dick's first piece of fiction for publication after his "2-3-74" experience that was the basis for his Exegesis, and later the novels VALIS, the posthumously published precursor to VALIS, Radio Free Albemuth, and The Divine Invasion. Eventually rejected by the venue for which it was written, the major points of Dick's 1975 worldview are set forth, in a style reminiscent of his earlier work, and very similar to his treatment of this material in his later books.

The Divine Invasion
The Divine Invasion is  a 1981 science fantasy novel by American writer Philip K. Dick. It is the second book in the gnostic VALIS trilogy, and takes place in the indeterminate future, perhaps a century or more after VALIS. The novel,  originally titled Valis Regained, was nominated to the BSFA Award.

After the fall of Masada in AD 74, God, or "Yah", is exiled from Earth and forced to take refuge in the CY30-CY30B star system. Although people of Earth are meanwhile ruled by Belial, the fallen Morning Star who serves as Yah's principal Adversary, Yah is intent on reclaiming his creation.
Nuevos Senderos
Nuevos Senderos ("New Paths") is the fourth studio album released by Puerto Rican singer Olga Tañón on April 16, 1996. The album marks a musical departure from her merengue recordings and instead focuses on pop ballads. The songs were composed and produced by Mexican singer-songwriter Marco Antonio Solís, except for "Cuestión de Suerte", which was written by Jesus Monarrez. It was nominated at the 9th Lo Nuestro Awards in 1997 for "Pop Album of the Year".

Olga Tañón
Olga Teresa Tañón Ortiz (born April 13, 1967) is a Puerto Rican singer. Over the course of her career, she has earned two Grammy Awards, three Latin Grammy Awards, and 29 Premio Lo Nuestro Awards. She has sold over five million copies of her albums.
Monkman Provincial Park
Monkman Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, southwest of Tumbler Ridge and northeast of Hansard. Like Monkman Pass, Monkman Lake, Monkman Creek and Monkman Falls, it was named after Alexander Monkman.

Provincial park
A provincial park (or territorial park) is a park administered by one of the provinces of a country, as opposed to a national park. They are similar to state parks in other countries. They are typically open to the public for recreation. Their environment may be more or less strictly protected.