hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Collin Freeland
Collin William Martin Freeland, AO (31 January 1933 – 10 April 2021) was an Australian public servant and policymaker. He is best known for his time heading the Department of Aviation and the Department of Transport in the 1980s.

Department of Aviation (Australia)
The Department of Aviation was an Australian government department that existed between May 1982 and July 1987.

The Department of Aviation was announced by Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser as a new agency in 1982. At the time Fraser said that "the re-establishment of an Aviation Department recognises the importance of civil aviation to the economy and to the community at large. It is a distinct area which presents  particular issues of its own and its importance warrants individual ministerial attention."
1984 Virginia Slims of Florida
The 1984 Virginia Slims of Florida was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida in the United States that was part of the Category 3 tier of the 1984 Virginia Slims World Championship Series.  It was the inaugural edition of the tournament, held from 12 March through 18 March 1984.  First-seeded Chris Evert-Lloyd won the singles title.

Palm Beach Gardens, Florida
Palm Beach Gardens is a city in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States, approximately 80 miles (130 km) north of Miami. Palm Beach Gardens is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area. The population was 59,182 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 61,146 in 2023.
Sportivo Las Parejas
Sportivo Atlético Club is an Argentine sports club, from the city of Las Parejas, in the Santa Fe Province. Although many sports are practised in the club, it is mostly known for its football and basketball teams. The football squad currently plays in the Torneo Argentino B, the regionalised 4th division of the Argentine football league system).

Las Parejas
Las Parejas is a city in the southwest of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, on National Route 178. Las Parejas has 11,301 inhabitants as per the 2001 census [INDEC].

The town was founded in 1889 on lands belonging to the Ferrocarril Central Argentino railway company. The communal jurisdiction was established on 6 October 1902. The commune officially became a city on 27 June 1986.

The economy of Las Parejas is based on agriculture and (on a smaller scale) cattle farming. Industries have experienced a surge, especially the manufacturing of agricultural machinery, since the turn of the 21st century. Las Parejas and Armstrong are home to 20% of the productive capacity of this industry, which supplies a growing local demand and is beginning to export. Las Parejas was declared "Provincial Capital of the Small and Medium Enterprise" in 2004.
Torybeia
Torybeia (Ancient Greek: Τορύβεια) was a city in ancient Acarnania. It is known mainly through epigraphic evidence. Mention is made of the appointment of theorodokos of Torybeia, about the year 356/5 BCE to receive the theoroi of Epidaurus and also an inscription dated to around 330 BCE to accommodate those of Argos. It was one of the cities belonging to the Acarnanian League around 272 BCE.

Its site is tentatively located near the modern Komboti.

Theorodokoi
The theorodokoi (Greek: θεωροδόκοι, θεαροδόκοι) in ancient Greece were sacred envoy-receivers whose duty was to host and assist the theoroi (θεωροί, "viewers") before the Panhellenic games and festivals.

A theorodokos was sometimes appointed by the community in which he lived but sometimes by the community that sent out the theoroi. To have a favorable report from the theoroi visiting the host city for a festival or games, the city-state assigned an affluent person to be a theorodokos. This was because in most cases the theorodokos was to bear the cost of hosting the theoroi, and to have adequate accommodations for the theoroi, the theorodokoi needed sufficient personal wealth. To have the desired favorable report from a theoros, the theoros was offered gifts, food, and even money to cover the cost of their travel to the hosting city-state.
Giordana Velodrome
Giordana Velodrome  is a cycling track in Rock Hill, South Carolina, United States. It opened in March 2012.

The 250-meter track is made of concrete with a 42.5 degree embankment in the corners and a 17 degree embankment on the front and back straights.
The velodrome is part of the Rock Hill Outdoor Center. U.S. national track cycling championships were held there in 2012 and 2013. The velodrome was designed by Ralph Schürmann, a cycling track architect from Münster, Germany.

Giordana Velodrome is going to be the center of a recreational area, of which the construction is still in progress. Additional cycling venues, athletic fields, parks, gardens and greenspace are planned nearby.

Rock Hill, South Carolina
Rock Hill is the most populous city in York County, South Carolina, United States, and the 5th-most populous city in the state. It is also the 4th-most populous city of the Charlotte metropolitan area, behind Charlotte, Concord, and Gastonia (all located in North Carolina). As of the 2020 census, the city's population was 74,372.

The city is located approximately 25 miles (40 km) south of Charlotte and approximately 70 miles (110 km) north of Columbia.

Rock Hill offers scenic riverfront views along the Catawba River and is home to numerous nature trails, restaurants, and thirty-one parks which are used for both national and local events. Its historic downtown consist of twelve contiguous buildings built as early as 1840 offering dining and retail options. The city is also home to three colleges, including Winthrop University, a public liberal arts university founded in 1886 which enrolls nearly 6,000 students annually.
Dempster Highway
The Dempster Highway, also referred to as Yukon Highway 5 and Northwest Territories Highway 8, is a highway in Canada that connects the Klondike Highway in Yukon to Inuvik, Northwest Territories on the Mackenzie River delta. The highway crosses the Peel and the Mackenzie rivers using a combination of seasonal ferry services and ice bridges. Year-round road access from Inuvik to Tuktoyaktuk opened in November 2017, with the completion of the Inuvik–Tuktoyaktuk Highway, creating the first all-weather road route connecting the Canadian road network with the Arctic Ocean.

The highway is named for North-West Mounted Police (NWMP) officer William Dempster, who discovered the fate of a lost NWMP patrol in 1911.

Ice bridge
An ice bridge is a frozen natural structure formed over seas, bays, rivers or lake surfaces. They facilitate migration of animals or people over a water body that was previously uncrossable by terrestrial animals, including humans. The most significant ice bridges are formed by glaciation, spanning distances of many miles over sometimes relatively deep water bodies.

An example of such a major ice bridge was that connecting the island of Öland with mainland Sweden approximately 9000 BC. This bridge reached its maximum utility when the glacier was in retreat, forming a low-lying frozen bridge. The Öland ice bridge allowed the first human migration to the island of Öland, which is most readily documented by archaeological studies of the Alby People.

In Jules Verne's 1873 novel The Fur Country, a group of fur trappers establishes a fort on what they think is stable ground, only to find later on that is merely an iceberg temporarily attached by an ice bridge to the mainland.
I Vote No
Io Voto No ("I Vote No") is an advocacy group in Italy that successfully campaigned to reject the constitutional reform, proposed by Matteo Renzi's government and approved by the Italian Parliament in the Spring of 2016, in the December 2016 constitutional referendum. The group's honorary president is Gustavo Zagrebelsky.

On 30 October 2015 the "Committee for No to the referendum on the modification of the Constitution" (Comitato per il No al referendum sulle modifiche alla Costituzione) was founded, with Alessandro Pace as president and Gustavo Zagrebelsky as honorary president. Other notable members are Antonio Di Pietro, Maurizio Landini, Stefano Rodotà and Cesare Salvi.

On 11 March 2016, on the newspaper Il Fatto Quotidiano many notable professors, intellectuals, politicians and artists have signed a manifesto in opposition of the reforms. The most famous signatories were:

Antonio Di Pietro
Antonio Di Pietro (Italian pronunciation: [anˈtɔːnjo di ˈpjɛːtro]; born 2 October 1950) is an Italian politician, lawyer and magistrate. He was a minister in government of Romano Prodi, a Senator, and a Member of the European Parliament. He was a prosecutor in the Mani pulite corruption trials in the early 1990s.
Wile Carding Mill
The Wile Carding Mill is a defunct but still operational carding mill, in Bridgewater, Nova Scotia, Canada. The mill is now owned by the Province of Nova Scotia and operated as a museum by the DesBrisay Museum.

This water-powered mill was owned and operated by the Wile family from 1860 to 1968. The Wiles ran the mill but employed a number of workers, usually unmarried women, to operate the machinery. The mill was powered by a 7-horsepower (5 kW) overshot waterwheel using the water of Shady Brook, a tributary of the Lahave River.

It became a Registered Heritage Property in Bridgewater in 2013.

Carding
In textile production, carding is a mechanical process that disentangles, cleans and intermixes fibres to produce a continuous web or sliver suitable for subsequent processing. This is achieved by passing the fibres between differentially moving surfaces covered with "card clothing", a firm flexible material embedded with metal pins. It breaks up locks and unorganised clumps of fibre and then aligns the individual fibres to be parallel with each other. In preparing wool fibre for spinning, carding is the step that comes after teasing.

The word is derived from the Latin carduus meaning thistle or teasel, as dried vegetable teasels were first used to comb the raw wool before technological advances led to the use of machines.
Süleýman Orazow
Süleyman Orazov (Turkmen: Süleýman Orazow; born 2 January 1989) is a Turkmen footballer playing for FC Aşgabat of the Ýokary Liga as a midfielder. He received his first national team cap against Guam on 11 June 2015.

Ýokary Liga
The Turkmenistan Higher League, also called Türkmenistan Ýokary Liga (Turkmen: Ýokary liga futbol klublarynyň arasyndaky futbol boýunça Türkmenistanyň çempionaty), is the top division of professional football in Turkmenistan, operated by the Turkmenistan Football Federation.

It was founded in 1992. Nine clubs participate in the Higher League of the Turkmenistan National Championship. The season runs between April and November.

There are 9 teams in the competition. As of the 2024 season, the league had one AFC Champions League Two qualifying spot for the league winner league.

Since the introduction of the Turkmenistan Higher League in 1992, Altyn Asyr (8 times), Köpetdag (6 times), Nebitçi (4 times), Nisa (4 times), Ýedigen (4 times), Arkadag (3 times), Aşgabat (2 times), Ahal (1 time) and Şagadam (1 time) have won the title.

FC Arkadag are the current champions (2025) (for the third time).
Theta vacuum
In quantum field theory, the theta vacuum is the semi-classical vacuum state of non-abelian Yang–Mills theories specified by the vacuum angle θ that arises when the state is written as a superposition of an infinite set of topologically distinct vacuum states. The dynamical effects of the vacuum are captured in the Lagrangian formalism through the presence of a θ-term which in quantum chromodynamics leads to the fine tuning problem known as the strong CP problem. It was discovered in 1976 by Curtis Callan, Roger Dashen, and David Gross, and independently by Roman Jackiw and Claudio Rebbi.

David Gross
David Jonathan Gross (/ɡroʊs/; born February 19, 1941) is an American theoretical physicist and string theorist. He shared the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics with Frank Wilczek and Hugh David Politzer "for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction".

Gross is the Chancellor's Chair Professor of Theoretical Physics at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP) of the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), and was formerly the KITP director and holder of their Frederick W. Gluck Chair in Theoretical Physics. He is also a faculty member in the UCSB Physics Department and is affiliated with the Institute for Quantum Studies at Chapman University in California. He is a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Mickey Rutner
Milton "Mickey" Rutner (March 18, 1919 – October 17, 2007) was an American third baseman in Major League Baseball who played briefly with the Philadelphia Athletics during the 1947 season. Listed at 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m), 190 lb., Rutner batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Hempstead, New York, and was Jewish. He attended James Monroe High School, and St. John's University in Brooklyn, New York.

In a 12-game career, Rutner was a .250 hitter (12-for-48) with one home run and four RBI, including one double and four runs. In 11 third base appearances, he recorded five putouts with 18 assists and committed three errors in 26 chances for a .885 fielding percentage.

Rutner died in Georgetown, Texas at age 88.

He is the basis for the main character, Mike Kutner, in the Eliot Asinof novel, Man On Spikes.

Fielding error
In baseball and softball statistics, an error is an act, in the judgment of the official scorer, of a fielder misplaying a ball in a manner that allows a batter or baserunner to advance one or more bases or allows a plate appearance to continue after the batter should have been put out. The term  error is sometimes used to refer to the play during which an error was committed.
Volovsky District, Tula Oblast
Volovsky District  (Russian: Воло́вский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-three in Tula Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Volovsky Municipal District. It is located in the southeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,080 square kilometers (420 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Volovo. Population: 13,596 (2010 Census);  15,957 (2002 Census); 18,419 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Volovo accounts for 28.3% of the district's total population.

Tula Oblast
Tula Oblast (Russian: Ту́льская о́бласть, romanized: Tulʹskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. It is geographically located in European Russia and is administratively part of the Central Federal District, covering an area of 25,700 square kilometers (9,900 sq mi). It has a population of 1,553,925 (2010 census). Tula is the largest city and the administrative center of the oblast.

Tula Oblast borders Moscow Oblast in the north, Ryazan in the east, Lipetsk in the southeast, Oryol in the southwest, and Kaluga in the west. Tula Oblast is one of the most developed and urbanized territories in Russia, and the majority of the territory forms the Tula-Novomoskovsk Agglomeration, an urban area with a population of over 1 million.
Peter Faucett
Peter Faucett (1813 – 22 May 1894) was an Australian barrister, judge and politician. He was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly between 1856 and 1865. He held the position of Solicitor General in the first government of James Martin. He was a judge of the Supreme Court between 1865 and 1888 and a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council between 1888 and 1894.

Supreme Court of New South Wales
The Supreme Court of New South Wales is the highest state court of the Australian state of New South Wales. It has unlimited jurisdiction within the state in civil matters, and hears the most serious criminal matters. Whilst the Supreme Court is the highest New South Wales court in the Australian court hierarchy, an appeal by special leave can be made to the High Court of Australia.

Matters of appeal can be submitted to the New South Wales Court of Appeal and Court of Criminal Appeal, both of which are constituted by members of the Supreme Court, in the case of the Court of Appeal from those who have been commissioned as judges of appeal.

The Supreme Court consists of 52 permanent judges, including the Chief Justice of New South Wales, currently Andrew Bell, the President of the Court of Appeal, 10 Judges of Appeal, the Chief Judge at Common Law, and the Chief Judge in Equity.

The Supreme Court's central location is the Law Courts Building in Queen's Square, Sydney.
Carl Fallberg
Carl Robert Fallberg (September 11, 1915 – May 9, 1996) was a writer and cartoonist known for his work on animated feature films and TV cartoons for Disney Studios, Hanna-Barbera, and Warner Brothers. He also wrote comic books for Dell Comics, Western Publishing, and Gold Key Comics.

Golden Comics Digest
Golden Comics Digest was one of three digest size comics published by Gold Key Comics in the early 1970s. The other two were Mystery Comics Digest and Walt Disney Comics Digest.

Published from 1969 to 1976, all 48 issues were reprints, mainly of various licensed properties. These included Tom and Jerry, Bugs Bunny and other Warner Brothers cartoons, Woody Woodpecker and other Walter Lantz Studios characters, The Pink Panther, various Hanna-Barbera properties, Tarzan, The Lone Ranger, and their own Turok and Brothers of the Spear.
Dominum et vivificantem
Dominum et vivificantem (Latin: The Lord and Giver of Life) is the fifth encyclical written by Pope John Paul II. The encyclical was promulgated on 18 May 1986. It is a theological examination of the role of the Holy Spirit as it pertains to the modern world and the church and the use of spiritual prayer to renew one's spiritual life. This extended meditation on the Holy Spirit completed the Pope's Trinitarian trilogy of encyclicals, which includes Redemptor Hominis and Dives in Misericordia.

In 1986, Pope John Paul II was already anticipating the new millennium, with its new challenges, as well as the new graces the Holy Spirit would bestow upon the Church as she celebrated the Great Jubilee beginning the third millennium of Christianity. Wishing to prepare the Church for these things by giving the people of God an increased awareness and knowledge of the Holy Spirit, he issued the encyclical  on May 18, the Solemnity of Pentecost.

Promulgation
Promulgation is the formal proclamation or the declaration that a new statutory or administrative law is enacted after its final approval. In some jurisdictions, this additional step is necessary before the law can take effect.

After a new law is approved, it is announced to the public through the publication of government gazettes and/or on official government bulletins. National laws of extraordinary importance to the public may be announced by the head of state or head of government on a national broadcast. Local laws are usually announced in local newspapers and published in bulletins or compendia of municipal regulations.
Alex Doduk
Alexander Doduk is an American voice actor and former child actor who is well known for his roles in the films: Barbie in the Nutcracker (2001), Scary Godmother (2003), The Impossible Elephant (2001) and in the animated series Brain Powered. He was the first voice of Lan Hikari for 14 episodes (1-5, 9–17) on the English version of Megaman NT Warrior before Brad Swaile became the voice for Lan. Doduk has voiced in other English dubs of anime, such as Inuyasha and the Ocean dub of Escaflowne. He was also José on Cybersix. He provided the voice of Vega Obscura in the English version of Zoids: New Century Zero. In 2000, Doduk voiced Jake Spankenheimer in Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer.

Doduk retired from acting in 2003. He became a police officer for the Edmonton Police Service as an adult. In November 2019, Doduk was arrested for punching and hitting a man with a police baton. The event was recorded through security footage. In June 2025, he was acquitted of all assault charges.

Cybersix
Cybersix is an Argentine comics character and comic book series published in 1991, created by the Argentine authors Carlos Trillo (story) and Carlos Meglia (art) for the comics magazine Skorpio (Eura Editoriale). The series first appeared in Spanish in November 1993. It follows the eponymous leather-clad genetic engineering survivor who cross-dresses (to conceal her identity) working as a male teacher during the day, and fights against the scientist who created her at night.

The series was adapted into a live-action television series and an animated television series that garnered positive critical reception from the Pulcinella Awards.
Verbandsliga Hessen-Nord
The Verbandsliga Hessen-Nord, until 2008 named Landesliga Hessen-Nord, is currently the sixth tier of the German football league system. Until the introduction of the 3. Liga in 2008 it was the fifth tier of the league system, and until the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 it was the fourth tier.

3. Liga
The 3. Liga is a professional association football league and the third division in Germany. In the German football league system, it is positioned between the 2. Bundesliga and the fourth-tier Regionalliga.

The modern 3. Liga was formed for the 2008–09 season, replacing the Regionalliga, which had previously served as the third-tier in the country. In Germany, the 3. Liga is also the highest division that a club's reserve team can play in.
Frederick Douglass Film Company
The Frederick Douglass Film Company was an early American film production company in Jersey City, New Jersey. It was established in 1916, soon after the pioneering Lincoln Motion Picture Company, by prominent African-American business and professional men from New Jersey. The intent of the founders was to counter anti-African-American films such as The Birth of a Nation (1915) and to improve race relations. It was named after the African-American abolitionist Frederick Douglass.

Its first film, The Colored American Winning His Suit, debuted at the Majestic Theatre in Jersey City on July 14, 1916, to an "interracial audience of over 800." The film is a love story about a lawyer and was hailed by The New York Age as "the first five-reel Film Drama written, directed, acted and produced by Negroes."

It only produced two more films, in 1917 and 1919.

Lincoln Motion Picture Company
The Lincoln Motion Picture Company was an American film production company founded in 1916 by Noble Johnson and George Perry Johnson. Noble Johnson was president of the company, and the secretary was actor Clarence A. Brooks. Dr. James T. Smith was treasurer, and Dudley A. Brooks was the assistant secretary. The company is known as the first producer of race movies. Established in Omaha, Nebraska, the company relocated to Los Angeles the following year. It remained in operation until 1921, closing shortly after announcing a final project, The Heart of a Negro. The point of the creation of Lincoln's was to eliminate the stereotypical roles of "slapstick comedy" in Hollywood at the time for Black actors and actresses. The "best advertised and most widely known Race Corporation in the world" is the famous slogan for the company.
Tales of the South Pacific
Tales of the South Pacific is a Pulitzer Prize-winning collection of sequentially related short stories by James A. Michener about the Pacific campaign in World War II. The stories are based on observations and anecdotes he collected while stationed as a lieutenant commander in the US Navy at the Espiritu Santo Naval Base in the New Hebrides Islands (now known as Vanuatu).

Written in 1946 and published in 1947, the book was loosely adapted in 1949 as the Broadway musical South Pacific, which itself formed the basis of two films dating from 1958 and 2001.

Pacific Ocean theater of World War II
The Pacific Ocean theater of World War II was a major theater of the Pacific War, the war between the Allies and the Empire of Japan. It included the U.S. Pacific Ocean Areas command, which comprised most of the Pacific Ocean and its islands.

The Philippines, Dutch East Indies, British Borneo, Australia, most of the Territory of New Guinea, and the western Solomons were under a different Allied command.