hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
14th Virginia Regiment
The 14th Virginia Regiment was raised on September 16, 1776, in western Virginia for service with the Continental Army. The regiment would see action at the Battle of Brandywine, Battle of Germantown, Battle of Monmouth, and Siege of Charleston. Most of the regiment was captured at Charlestown, South Carolina, on May 12, 1780, by the British Army. The regiment was formally disbanded on November 15, 1783.

Siege of Charleston
The siege of Charleston was a major engagement and major British victory in the American Revolutionary War, fought in the environs of Charles Town (today Charleston), between March 29 and May 12, 1780. The British, following the collapse of their northern strategy in late 1777 and their withdrawal from Philadelphia in 1778, shifted their focus to the North American Southern Colonies. After approximately six weeks of siege, Major General Benjamin Lincoln, commanding the Charleston garrison, surrendered his forces to the British. It was one of the worst American defeats of the war.
Applegate, Oregon
Applegate is an unincorporated community in Jackson County, Oregon, United States. It is west of Medford on Oregon Route 238 and the Applegate River. The community was probably named for Lindsay Applegate, who, along with his brothers Jesse and Charles, explored the Applegate Valley while blazing the Applegate Trail.

Jesse Applegate
Jesse Applegate (July 5, 1811 – April 22, 1888) was an American pioneer who led a large group of settlers along the Oregon Trail to the Oregon Country. He was an influential member of the early government of Oregon, and helped establish the Applegate Trail as an alternative route to the Oregon Trail.
Ballinadee Church
Ballinadee Church is a small Gothic Revival Anglican church located in Ballinadee, County Cork, Ireland. It was completed in 1759. It is part of the Bandon Union of Parishes, in the Diocese of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross.

Diocese of Cork, Cloyne and Ross
The Diocese of Cork, Cloyne and Ross, also referred to as the United Diocese of Cork, Cloyne and Ross, is a diocese in the Church of Ireland. The diocese is in the ecclesiastical province of Dublin.  It is the see of the Bishop of Cork, Cloyne and Ross, the result of a combination of the bishoprics of Cork and Cloyne and Ross in 1583, the separation of Cork and Ross and Cloyne in 1660, and the re-combination of Cork and Ross and Cloyne in 1835.
2005 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Women's 500 m time trial
The Women's 500m Time Trial was one of the 6 women's events at the 2005 UCI Track Cycling World Championships, held in Los Angeles, United States.

18 Cyclists from 14 countries were due to participate in the contest, Christin Muche of Germany did not start. The Final was held on March 24 at 19:35.

Christin Muche
Christin Muche (born 19 October 1983) is a German female  track cyclist, and part of the national team. She competed at the 2005, 2007, 2008 and 2010 UCI Track Cycling World Championships. She won the bronze medal in the keirin event at the 2008 UCI Track Cycling World Championships.
John Campbell (musical composer)
John Campbell is an American musical composer. He wrote the music for most of the Adventures in Odyssey radio drama series, as well as Lamplighter Theatre, Paws & Tales, Down Gilead Lane, The Chronicles of Narnia, The Extraordinary Adventures of G.A. Henty, the Father Gilbert Mysteries, and the Ark Encounter. He also has written for many television shows, and composed themes for many broadcasting series, including Focus on the Family, Insight for Living, The Coral Ridge Hour, Promise Keepers, among others.

Paws & Tales
Paws & Tales (also known as The Wildwood Adventures) is a Christian children's radio drama, animated series, and online games website created by Insight for Living and Chuck Swindoll. Based upon the book Paw Paw Chuck's Big Ideas in the Bible, by Chuck Swindoll and Ross Vera,which have sold more than 100,000 hardcover copies. It first aired on radio in 2001, and in 2004 and 2005, the first two episodes were adapted into computer animation and was released onto VHS and DVD. As of March 2024, 74 audio episodes have been produced. It is broadcast on 450 outlets throughout North America.
2024 GameAbove Sports Bowl
The 2024 GameAbove Sports Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 26, 2024, at Ford Field in Detroit, Michigan. The 10th annual GameAbove Sports Bowl game (though only the first under the name; prior editions were known as the Quick Lane Bowl) featured Pittsburgh and Toledo. The game began at approximately 2:00 p.m. EST and aired on ESPN. The game was one of the 2024–25 bowl games concluding the 2024 FBS football season.

The game took six overtime periods to decide, setting the record for the most overtime periods in a Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) bowl game, a record that had previously been set just two days prior when the 2024 Hawaii Bowl took five overtimes to decide. Lasting for four hours and thirty-nine minutes, it was the longest bowl game in history.

Ford Field
Ford Field is a domed American football stadium located in Detroit, Michigan, U.S. It primarily serves as the home of the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL), the Mid-American Conference championship game, the annual state championship football games for the MHSAA, the MHSAA State Wrestling Championships, and the MCBA Marching Band State Finals, among other events. It was also the home of the Michigan Panthers of the United Football League (UFL) from 2023 to 2025. The regular seating capacity is approximately 65,000, though it is expandable up to 70,000 for football and 80,000 for basketball.

The naming rights were purchased by the Ford Motor Company for $40 million over 20 years; the Ford family holds a controlling interest in the company, and they have controlled ownership of the Lions franchise since 1964.
Coccolepididae
Coccolepididae is an extinct family of ray-finned fish, known from the Early Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, most of which were originally referred to the type genus Coccolepis. They had a widespread distribution, being found in North and South America, Australia, Asia and Europe. They are mostly known from freshwater environments, though several species have been found in marine environments. They are morphologically conservative, and have poorly ossified endo and exoskeletons, which usually results in poor preservation. Historically, they have been classified as members "Palaeonisciformes”, a paraphyletic grouping of non-neopterygian fish, due to their plesiomorphic conservative morphology closely resembling those of many other groups of earlier ray-finned fish. Some recent authors have suggested that they may belong to the order Chondrostei as relatives of the Acipenseriformes (which contains sturgeons and paddlefish).

Neopterygii
Neopterygii (from Ancient Greek νέος (néos), meaning "new", and πτέρυξ (ptérux), meaning "wing, fin") is a subclass of ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii). Neopterygii includes the Holostei and the Teleostei, of which the latter comprise the vast majority of extant fishes, and over half of all living vertebrate species. While living holosteans include only freshwater taxa, teleosts are diverse in both freshwater and marine environments. Many new species of teleosts are scientifically described each year.

The potentially oldest known neopterygian is the putative "semionotiform" Acentrophorus varians from the Middle Permian of Russia; however, one study incorporating morphological data from fossils and molecular data from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, places this divergence date at least 284 mya (million years ago), during the Artinskian stage of the Early Permian. Another study suggests an even earlier split (360 myr ago, near the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary).
David Farrell (Gaelic footballer)
David Farrell was Gaelic footballer from Camp, County Kerry. He played with Kerry during the late 1980s and 1990s. He won an All Ireland Minor medal and an Under 21 All Ireland medal. He played his club football with Annascaul and West Kerry.

Tyrone GAA
The Tyrone County Board (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael, Coiste Chontae Tír Eoghain), or Tyrone GAA, is one of the 32 county boards of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) in Ireland, and is responsible for the administration of Gaelic games in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland.

The county board is responsible for preparing the Tyrone county teams in the various Gaelic sporting codes; football, hurling, camogie and handball.

The county football team was the sixth from the province of Ulster to win the Sam Maguire Cup, leaving only Antrim, Fermanagh and Monaghan to still win the trophy and become All-Ireland champions.

According to a 2015 TUD study by Shane Mangan, Tyrone had 10,500 players.
Singularity (Northlane album)
Singularity is the second studio album by Australian metalcore band Northlane. It was released on 22 March 2013 through UNFD and Distort. This is the last album to feature vocalist Adrian Fitipaldes before his departure in September 2014. It was produced by Will Putney and recorded at The Machine Shop in Belleville, New Jersey.

In 2014, a deluxe edition of Singularity was released, which contains instrumental versions of all songs.

At the J Awards of 2013, the album was nominated for Australian Album of the Year.

J Awards of 2013
The J Award of 2013 was the ninth annual J Awards, established by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's youth-focused radio station Triple J. The announcement comes at the culmination of Ausmusic Month (November). For the sixth and final year, three awards were presented; Australian Album of the Year, Australian Music Video of the Year and Unearthed Artist of the Year.

The winners were announced on Triple J on Friday 22 November 2013.
Strée
Strée (French pronunciation: [stʁe]) is a village and district of the municipality of Modave, located in the province of Liège in Wallonia, Belgium.

During the Middle Ages, the village was in possession of the Knights Templar. From the 15th century, a local court of justice existed in the village. The village church, the Church of Saint Nicholas, Strée, is a Romanesque edifice dating from the 11th century. It contains a baptismal font from the same century, and a Roman funerary monument from the 3rd century, reused as a base for a crucifix. The church is surrounded by a historical cemetery and lies close to a source which was considered to have healing properties. In the village, there is also a château from c. 1600, rebuilt during the 18th and 19th centuries.

Château
A château (plural châteaux, both pronounced [ʃɑto]) is a manor house, or palace, or residence of the lord of the manor, or a fine country house of nobility or gentry, with or without fortifications, originally, and still most frequently, in French-speaking regions.

Nowadays, a château may be any stately residence built in a French style; the term is additionally often used for a winegrower's estate, especially in the Bordeaux region of France.
Toronto Varsity Blues men's soccer
The Toronto Varsity Blues Men's Soccer is a Canadian intercollegiate soccer team  founded in 1879. They represent the University of Toronto. The program operates in the Ontario University Athletics conference of U Sports, and the team competes in the East Division of the OUA. The Varsity Blues play their home games at Varsity Stadium, a 4000-seat stadium  in downtown Toronto on the University of Toronto St. George campus.

The Varsity Blues captured one National Championship in 1988. The 1988 National Championship team has since been inducted into the Varsity Blues Hall of Fame. The Varsity Blues won 49 provincial OUA Championships with the most recent one in 2010. The Varsity Blues won the Argo Cup in the Red and Blue Bowl in 2013.

In January 2019, Ilya Orlov was appointed as the new Head Coach after serving as the Lead Assistant Coach for 4 years under Anthony Capotosto's tenure.

U Sports
U Sports (stylized as U SPORTS) is the national sport governing body for universities in Canada, comprising the majority of degree-granting universities in the country and four regional conferences: Ontario University Athletics (OUA), Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec (RSEQ), Canada West (CW), and Atlantic University Sport (AUS). The equivalent body for organized sports at colleges in Canada is the Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). Some institutions are members of both bodies for different sports.
Czesław Janicki
Czesław Andrzej Janicki (born 19 July 1926 in Korytnica, died 29 December 2012 in Poznań) was a Polish scientist, zootechnician, teacher, and academic lecturer, professor of agricultural sciences, Minister of Agriculture and Deputy Prime Minister (1989–1990), and a member of the Sejm during its 10th term.

Zootechnics
Zootechnics is the scientific art of managing domestic or captive animals, including handling, breeding, and keeping.

Based on: genetics, reproduction (animal husbandry), feeding and nutrition, handling, health (preventive medicine) and economics.

Zootechnical studies or zootechnics engineering is a degree more popular in South America and Iberian Europe rather than in other parts of the world.
Tafsir Ibn Atiyya
Al-Muharrar al-Wajiz fi Tafsir al-Kitāb al-'Aziz (Arabic: المحرّر الوجيز في تفسير الكتاب العزيز, lit. 'The Compendious Record in the Interpretation of the Mighty Book') or shortly named al-Muharrar al-Wajiz (English: The Accurate and Brief Commentary), better known as Tafsir Ibn 'Atiyya (Arabic: تفسير ابن عطية), is a classical Sunni tafsir of the Qur'an, authored by the Maliki-Ash'ari scholar Ibn 'Atiyya (d. 541/1147).

It can be identified as the exegesis that amalgamates Tafsir bi al-Ma'thur (tradition-based interpretation) with Tafsir bi al-Ra'y (reason-based interpretation). But, generally, it is considered as Tafsir bi al-Ma'thur (interpretation based on traditions or reports).

Maliki school
The Maliki school or Malikism is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas (c. 711–795 CE) in the 8th century. In contrast to the Ahl al-Hadith and Ahl al-Ra'y schools of thought, the Maliki school takes a unique position known as Ahl al-A'mal, in which they consider the Sunnah to be primarily sourced from the practice of the people of Medina and living Islamic traditions for their rulings on Islamic law.

The Maliki school is the second largest Sunni school, larger than the Shafi’i school but smaller than the Hanafi school. It is predominant in North Africa, West Africa and the Gulf states of Bahrain, Kuwait and United Arab Emirates. The current Maliki population is said to be around 500 million, comprising about 25% of the total Muslim population.
Mousepad (software)
Mousepad is a graphical text editor written for Xfce, a Linux desktop environment. The program has a small footprint, similar to Leafpad, but has additional features such as plugins, search history and automatic reloading. The name Mousepad is derived from the mouse in Xfce's logo.

Mousepad was originally written as a fork of an existing text editor, Leafpad, to improve support for printing. It was rewritten in December 2012 with version 0.3.0, which replaced the original code with a complete rewrite.

Though written for Linux, Mousepad has been ported to FreeBSD and is also available for macOS via MacPorts, and Microsoft Windows via Cygwin. It is the default text editor for Linux distributions that use Xfce, such as Xubuntu. Kali Linux uses Mousepad as its default text editor, but modifies the code to add a newline at the end of files so that they are POSIX-compliant and do not merge when printing multiple files back-to-back.

Kali Linux
Kali Linux  is a Linux distribution designed for digital forensics and penetration testing. It is maintained and funded by Offensive Security. The software is based on the testing branch of the Debian Linux Distribution: most packages Kali uses are imported from the Debian repositories. Kali Linux has gained popularity in the cybersecurity community due to its comprehensive set of tools designed for penetration testing, vulnerability analysis, and reverse engineering.

It was developed by Mati Aharoni and Devon Kearns of Offensive Security through the rewrite of BackTrack, their previous information security testing Linux distribution based on Knoppix.

Kali Linux was featured in multiple episodes of the TV series Mr. Robot.
Brazilian submarine Humaitá (S41)
Humaitá (S41) is a Brazilian Riachuelo-class submarine built for the Brazilian Navy by ICN in Itaguaí, and DCNS.

The Brazilian boats are larger in length, tonnage and cargo capacity compared to the original French project. The Brazilian version are 70.62 m (231 ft 8 in) and 1,900 tons, compared to the original Scorpènes that are 61.7 m (202 ft 5 in) and 1,565 tons.

Naval Group
Naval Group is a French industrial group specialising in naval defense design, development and construction. Its headquarters are located in Paris, France.

Heir to the French naval dockyards initiated in 1631 by Cardinal Richelieu and to the Direction des Constructions et Armes Navales (DCAN), which became Direction des Constructions Navales (DCN) in 1991 and then DCNS in 2007, the company was rebranded Naval Group in 2017. Its two main shareholders are the French State (62.25%) and Thales Group (35%).

As of 2024, Naval Group employs 15,261 people across 17 countries.
David Stead (cricketer)
David William Stead (born 26 May 1947) is a former New Zealand cricketer who played first-class cricket for Canterbury from 1969 to 1986.

A right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pace and leg-spin bowler, Stead had his most successful season with the bat in 1980/81, when he made 479 runs at an average of 43.54, including his only century, 193 not out against Central Districts. He also took 6 for 79 in the first innings of the same match, but Central Districts won by three wickets. His best figures in first-class cricket were 7 for 99 against Otago in 1982–83, when Canterbury nevertheless lost by an innings.

His son Gary played Test cricket for New Zealand in 1999 and was appointed coach of the national team in August 2018. David's elder sister Janice also played cricket for New Zealand.

Canterbury cricket team
Canterbury is a first-class cricket team based in Canterbury, New Zealand. It is one of six teams that compete in senior New Zealand Cricket competitions and has been the second most successful domestic team in New Zealand history. They compete in the Plunket Shield first-class competition and The Ford Trophy one day competition as well as in the Men's Super Smash competition as the Canterbury Kings.
Albert F. Yeager
Albert Franklin Yeager (1892 – November 4, 1961) was an American horticulturalist. From his work developing hardy vegetables and fruits at the North Dakota Agricultural College (NDAC) and the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station (NDAES), he was known as the "plant wizard of the north" and the "Luther Burbank of North Dakota."

University of New Hampshire
The University of New Hampshire (UNH) is a public land-grant research university with its main campus in Durham, New Hampshire, United States. It was founded and incorporated in 1866 as a land grant college in Hanover, moved to Durham in 1893, and adopted its current name in 1923.

The university's Durham campus comprises six colleges. A seventh college, the University of New Hampshire at Manchester, occupies the university's campus in Manchester. The University of New Hampshire School of Law is in Concord, the state's capital. The university is part of the University System of New Hampshire and is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".

As of 2018, its combined campuses made UNH the largest state university system in the state of New Hampshire, with over 15,000 students. It was also the most expensive state-sponsored school in the United States for in-state students.
The Rising of the Shield Hero season 2
The Rising of the Shield Hero is an anime television series based on the light novel series of the same name written by Aneko Yusagi. At 2019's Crunchyroll Expo, it was announced that the anime series would receive a second and third season. Masato Jinbo replaced Takao Abo as director, with the rest of the main staff members from the previous season returning and production by Kinema Citrus and DR Movie. During "Kadokawa Light Novel Expo 2020", it was revealed that the second season was originally set to premiere in October 2021, but it was later delayed by 6 months. The second season aired from April 6 to June 29, 2022, on AT-X and other networks. It ran for 13 episodes, adapting volumes 6 to 9 of the light novel series. Crunchyroll streamed the English dub one month after the season's initial broadcast.

The opening theme song is "Bring Back", performed by Madkid, while the ending theme song is "Yuzurenai" (ゆずれない, lit. 'I Can't Give Up'), performed by Chiai Fujikawa.

AT-X (TV network)
AT-X, an abbreviation of Anime Theatre X, is a Japanese anime television network owned by AT-X, Inc. AT-X, Inc. was founded on June 26, 2000, as a subsidiary of TV Tokyo Medianet, which is (in turn) owned by TV Tokyo. Its headquarters are in Minato, Tokyo. The AT-X network has been broadcasting anime via satellite, cable, and IPTV since December 24, 1997.

AT-X broadcasts many Comic Gum anime adaptations. Ikki Tousen, Ah My Buddha and Juden Chan were shown on this channel first, before they were rebroadcast on Tokyo MX. Due to its status as a premium channel, AT-X is also known for showing uncensored versions of several anime such as Juden Chan, Ah My Buddha, Girls Bravo, Elfen Lied,  Mahoromatic, High School DxD and Redo of Healer, which would normally be censored on free-to-air television because of the large amount of mature content.
Storavatnet
Storavatnet is a lake in Bergen Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The 2.2-kilometre (1.4 mi) lake is located just southwest of the village of Loddefjord in the borough of Laksevåg, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southwest of the centre of the city of Bergen.

There is a small man-made dam on the southwest coast, regulating the one natural outlet for the 1-square-kilometre (250-acre) lake. The major highway junction of Norwegian County Road 562 and Norwegian National Road 555 lies on the northern shore of the lake. Route 562 heads north to the Askøy Bridge going to the island of Askøy.  Route 555 heads west to the Sotra Bridge which goes to the island of Sotra. The terminal station in Loddefjord, near the lake is the proposed end of the new Loddefjord branch of the Bergen Light Rail system.

Loddefjord
Loddefjord is an urban settlement in the borough of Laksevåg in Bergen Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) southwest of the centre of the city of Bergen. Loddefjord consists mainly of high- and low-rise flats revolving around the local shopping mall.

Informally, the area is sometimes referred to as "Loddikken".
Oxygen diffusion-enhancing compound
An oxygen diffusion-enhancing compound is any substance that increases the availability of oxygen in body tissues by influencing the molecular structure of water in blood plasma and thereby promoting the movement (diffusion) of oxygen through plasma. Oxygen diffusion-enhancing compounds have shown promise in the treatment of conditions associated with hypoxia (a lack of oxygen in tissues) and ischemia (a lack of oxygen in the circulating blood supply). Such conditions include hemorrhagic shock, myocardial infarction (heart attack), and stroke.

Molecular geometry
Molecular geometry is the three-dimensional arrangement of the atoms that constitute a molecule. It includes the general shape of the molecule as well as bond lengths, bond angles, torsional angles and any other geometrical parameters that determine the position of each atom.

Molecular geometry influences several properties of a substance including its reactivity, polarity, phase of matter, color, magnetism and biological activity. The angles between bonds that an atom forms depend only weakly on the rest of a molecule, i.e. they can be understood as approximately local and hence transferable properties.