hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Income inequality in Malaysia
According to the UNDP 1997 Human Development Report, and the 2004 United Nations Human Development (UNHDP) report, Malaysia has the highest income disparity between the rich and poor in Southeast Asia, greater than that of Philippines, Thailand, Singapore, Vietnam and Indonesia.

The UNHDP Report shows that the richest 10% in Malaysia control 38.4% of the economic income as compared to the poorest 10% who control only 1.7%. However, according to official statistics from the Prime Minister's Department, inequality has been decreasing steadily since 1970, with the Gini coefficient dropping to an all-time low of 0.40 in 2014.

Development theory
Development theory is a collection of theories about how desirable change in society is best achieved. Such theories draw on a variety of social science disciplines and approaches. In this article, multiple theories are discussed, as are recent developments with regard to these theories. Depending on which theory that is being looked at, there are different explanations to the process of development and their inequalities.
More News for Lulu
More News for Lulu is the second album of hard bop compositions performed by John Zorn, George Lewis, and Bill Frisell. Like the previous News for Lulu it features tunes by Kenny Dorham, Hank Mobley, Freddie Redd and Sonny Clark but also contains with one tune each by Misha Mengelberg and Big John Patton. The album was recorded live in Paris and Basel. It was released in 1992 on the Swiss Hathut Record label.

Kenny Dorham
McKinley Howard "Kenny" Dorham (August 30, 1924 – December 5, 1972) was an American jazz trumpeter, composer, and occasional singer. Dorham's talent is frequently lauded by critics and other musicians, but he never received the kind of attention or public recognition from the jazz establishment that many of his peers did. For this reason, writer Gary Giddins said that Dorham's name has become "virtually synonymous with 'underrated'."

Dorham also composed the bossa nova jazz standard "Blue Bossa", which was first recorded by his associate Joe Henderson.
Saratok
Saratok  is a town, and the capital of the Saratok District (1,586.9 square kilometres) in Betong Division, Sarawak, East Malaysia in the island of Borneo. The last recorded district population was 54,400 (year 2020 census). It is located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) from Betong. Iban forms the majority of the population (51%) with Malay (40%), Chinese (7%), Bidayuh and Melanau minorities.

A majority of the Iban people live in longhouses in rural areas, planting paddy, pepper and tapping rubber to earn a living. Some of the Ibans in Saratok either work on or own palm oil plantations. Generally, the Malay community live near rivers, fishing and planting pineapples, cocoa and coconut. A majority of the shopkeepers in Saratok town are Chinese.

Longhouse
A longhouse or long house is a type of long, proportionately narrow, single or multi-room building for communal dwelling. It has been built in various parts of the world including Asia, Europe, and North America.

Many were built from timber and often represent the earliest form of permanent structure in many cultures. Types include the Neolithic long house of Europe, the Norman Medieval Longhouses that evolved in Western Britain (Tŷ Hir) and Northern France (Longère), and the various types of longhouse built by different cultures among the indigenous peoples of the Americas.
Mathematical fiction
Mathematical fiction is a genre of creative fictional work in which mathematics and mathematicians play important roles. The form and the medium of the works are not important. The genre may include poems, short stories, novels or plays; comic books; films, videos, or audios. One of the earliest, and much studied, work of this genre is Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions, an 1884 satirical novella by the English schoolmaster Edwin Abbott Abbott. Mathematical fiction may have existed since ancient times, but it was recently rediscovered as a genre of literature; since then there has been a growing body of literature in this genre, and the genre has attracted a growing body of readers. For example, Abbott's Flatland 19th century novel spawned a sequel in the 20th century Sphereland and again in the 21st century Flatterland authored by Ian Stewart.

Flatland
Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions is a satirical novella by the English theologian, Anglican priest and schoolmaster Edwin Abbott Abbott, first published in 1884 by Seeley & Co. of London. Written pseudonymously by "A Square", the book used the fictional two-dimensional world of Flatland to satirise the class and gender hierarchies of Victorian society, but the novella's more enduring contribution is its examination of dimensions.

A sequel, Sphereland, was written by Dionys Burger in 1957. Several films have been based on Flatland, including the feature film Flatland (2007). Other efforts have been short or experimental films, including one narrated by Dudley Moore and the short films Flatland: The Movie (2007) and Flatland 2: Sphereland (2012).
Kileskus
Kileskus (meaning "lizard" in the Khakas language) is a genus of tyrannosauroid dinosaur known from partial remains found in Middle Jurassic (Bathonian stage) Itat Formation of Sharypovsky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai (Russia). Fossils recovered include the holotype maxilla, a premaxilla, a surangular, and a few bones from the hand and foot. Additional remains referred to the species include cervical and caudal vertebrae, as well as a fibula. The skull bones are similar to those of Proceratosaurus. The type species is K. aristotocus, named in 2010 by Averianov and colleagues.

Premaxilla
The premaxilla (or praemaxilla) is one of a pair of small cranial bones at the very tip of the upper jaw of many animals, usually, but not always, bearing teeth. In humans, they are fused with the maxilla. The "premaxilla" of therian mammals has been usually termed as the incisive bone. Other terms used for this structure include premaxillary bone or os premaxillare, intermaxillary bone or os intermaxillare, and Goethe's bone.
Diseñando tu amor
Diseñando tu amor (English title: The Thread of Love) is a Mexican telenovela that premiered on Las Estrellas and Univision on 26 April 2021. It ended on Las Estrellas on 8 October 2021. The series is produced by Pedro Ortiz de Pinedo. It is an adaptation of the Portuguese telenovela Meu Amor created by António Barreira, and stars an ensemble cast led by Gala Montes, Juan Diego Covarrubias, Sergio Goyri, Ana Belena, Osvaldo de León, and María Sorté. The series revolves around Valentina (Gala Montes) and Nora (Ale Müller), two sisters, with different personalities, who share the desire to stand out in the world of the fashion industry.

Pedro Ortiz de Pinedo
Pedro Ortiz de Pinedo (born 1 December 1977) is a Mexican television producer and writer. He has produced and created a number of television series including  Una familia de diez (2007–present), La CQ (2012–2014), and Renta congelada (2017–present). He is son of comedian and television producer Jorge Ortiz de Pinedo.
Lauren Fowlkes
Lauren Ann Fowlkes (born July 6, 1988) is a retired American soccer player from Lee's Summit, Missouri. She was a defender for the United States women's national under-23 soccer team and the Chicago Red Stars of National Women's Soccer League.

2008 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup
The 2008 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup was the 4th edition of the tournament. It was held in Chile between 19 November and 7 December 2008. Sixteen teams, comprising representatives from all six confederations, took part in the final competition, in which Chile had a guaranteed place as the host nation.
Rabindranath Maity
Rabindranath Maity is an Indian politician from Bharatiya Janata Party. In May 2021, he was elected as a member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from Bhagabanpur (constituency). He defeated Ardhendu Maity of All India Trinamool Congress by 27,549 votes in 2021 West Bengal Assembly election.

West Bengal Legislative Assembly
The West Bengal Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of West Bengal. It is located in the B. B. D. Bagh area of Kolkata, the capital of the state. Members of the Legislative assembly are directly elected by the people. The legislative assembly comprises 294 Members of Legislative Assembly, all directly elected from single-seat constituencies. Its term is five years, unless sooner dissolved.
François-Zéphirin Tassé
François-Zéphirin Tassé (May 14, 1825 – February 20, 1886) was a physician and political figure in Quebec. He represented Jacques Cartier in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1858 to 1864.

He was born in Saint-Martin, Quebec, the son of Pierre Tassé, the son of François Tassé, and Marie Valiquette, and was educated at the Petit Séminaire de Sainte-Thérèse. He apprenticed as a physician and practised in Saint-Laurent, Montreal and Saint-Vincent-de-Paul. Tassé served as a governor of the College of Physicians and Surgeons for Lower Canada and as a federal medical examiner. He also served on the town council for Saint-Laurent and as mayor. Tassé married Rose-de-Lima Painchaud in 1846. He resigned his seat in 1864 to become inspector of prisons. In 1873, he was named director of the Saint-Vincent-de-Paul prison at Laval. Tassé died in Montreal at the age of 60 and was buried in the Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery.

Saint-Laurent, Quebec
Saint-Laurent (French: [sɛ̃lɔʁɑ̃] ⓘ) is a borough of the city of Montreal, Canada, located in the northern part of the island. Although it is no longer an independent city, it is still commonly known as Ville Saint-Laurent (City of Saint-Laurent) or by its initials, VSL.

Saint-Laurent is the largest of Montreal's boroughs by land area. Its population was 98,828 inhabitants in 2016.
Paul Philipp
Paul Philipp (born 21 October 1950) is a Luxembourgish football administrator and former player and manager serving as president of the Luxembourg Football Federation since 2004.

He previously managed the Luxembourg national team from 1985 to 2001, making him the sixth longest serving national team manager in history.

FC Avenir Beggen
Football Club Avenir Beggen is a football club, based in Beggen, Luxembourg.

The club were founded in 1915 as FC Daring Beggen but changed their name to FC Avenir Beggen a year later. In 1940, they were renamed SV 1915 Beggen, but in 1944, it was changed again to FC Avenir Beggen.

Avenir Beggen had played in the National Division in consecutive seasons since 1965–66, but were relegated in the 2005–06 season. Finishing second in their first season in the second-tier Division of Honour, Avenir returned to the National Division at the first time of asking. In 2008/09 the club finished 14th and were relegated back to the Luxembourg Division of Honour.
New Orleans Zen Temple
The New Orleans Zen Temple is a dojo of the Soto Zen tradition in New Orleans, Louisiana.  Robert Livingston Roshi was the abbot until his retirement in 2016, and Richard Collins is the current abbot.  Livingston, a close disciple of Taisen Deshimaru,  founded the temple in 1984.  Before his death in 1982, Deshimaru asked Livingston to go to the United States to open a Zen dojo and teach true Zen practice in the United States. The temple is also the home of the American Zen Association, which gives support to zen dojos and publishes rare Buddhist texts.

Sōtō
Sōtō Zen or the Sōtō school (曹洞宗, Sōtō-shū) is the largest of the three traditional sects of Zen in Japanese Buddhism (the others being Rinzai and Ōbaku). It is the Japanese line of the Chinese Caodong school, which was founded during the Tang dynasty by Dongshan Liangjie. It emphasizes Shikantaza, meditation with no objects, anchors, or content. The meditator strives to be aware of the stream of thoughts, allowing them to arise and pass away without interference.

The Japanese brand of the sect was imported in the 13th century by Dōgen Zenji, who studied Caodong Buddhism (Chinese: 曹洞宗; pinyin: Cáodòng Zōng) abroad in China. Dōgen is remembered today as the ancestor of Sōtō Zen in Japan along with Keizan Jōkin.

With about 14,000 temples, Sōtō is one of the largest Japanese Buddhist organizations. Sōtō Zen is now also popular in the West, and in 1996 priests of the Sōtō Zen tradition formed the Soto Zen Buddhist Association based in North America.
Vaishali Desai
Vaishali Desai is an Indian actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder. She is the granddaughter of veteran filmmaker Manmohan Desai. She won the title of Femina Miss India International 2005 and represented India at Miss International 2005 pageant held in Tokyo. She started her acting career with in the film Kal Kissne Dekha.

Miss International 2005
Miss International 2005 was the 45th Miss International pageant, held at the Koseinenkin Hall in Tokyo, Japan, on September 26, 2005.

Jeymmy Vargas of Colombia crowned Lara Quigaman of the Philippines as her successor at the end of the event. She became the fourth Filipino to win the pageant.
FAMAE
FAMAE (Spanish: Fábricas y Maestranzas del Ejército, lit. 'Factories and Workshops of the Army') is a Chilean state-owned firearms manufacturer. Its products are used by the Chilean armed forces and the Carabineros police force. The company produces the FAMAE CT-30 carbine, the FAMAE SAF submachine gun, the FAMAE FD-200 sniper rifle, the SLM MLRS, and the FAMAE revolver, among other types of weaponry.

Submachine gun
A submachine gun (SMG) or sub-gun is a magazine-fed automatic carbine designed to fire handgun cartridges. The term "submachine gun" was coined by John T. Thompson, the inventor of the Thompson submachine gun, to describe its design concept as an automatic firearm with notably less firepower than a machine gun (hence the prefix "sub-"). As a machine gun must fire rifle cartridges to be classified as such, submachine guns are not considered machine guns.

In the 20th century, the submachine gun was developed during World War I (1914–1918) as a close-quarter offensive weapon, mainly for trench raiding. At its peak during World War II (1939–1945), millions of submachine guns were made for assault troops and auxiliaries whose doctrines emphasized close-quarter suppressive fire. New submachine gun designs appeared frequently during the Cold War, especially among special forces, commandos and mechanized infantrymen. Submachine gun usage for frontline combat decreased in the 1980s and 1990s.
Silence (TV series)
Silence (traditional Chinese: 深情密碼; simplified Chinese: 深情密码; pinyin: Shen Qing Mi Ma) is a 2006 Taiwanese drama starring Vic Chou, Park Eun-hye, Andy Hui, Megan Lai, and Kingone Wang. It was produced by Comic Ritz International Production and Chai Zhiping and Hsiao Dingyi as producers and directed by Zhang Zhongyi. The series premiered in Taiwan on free-to-air China Television (CTV) from May 21, 2006, to September 24, 2006, every Sunday at 22:00. It was also shown on cable TV Eastern Television (ETTV).

Taiwanese television drama
Taiwanese drama (Chinese: 台灣電視劇; pinyin: Táiwān Diànshìjù, also known as T.W. drama) refer to dramatic programming of television programming extended stories usually dramatizing relationships through the general range of ten to forty one-hour episodes. They are produced in Taiwan and have gained increasing popularity in the Mandarin-speaking community internationally. The term "Taiwanese drama" is applied to Taiwanese miniseries in general, even including those with greater elements of comedy than of drama.
Aicardi
Aicardi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Giovanni Battista Visconti Aicardi (1644–1713), Roman Catholic Bishop of Novara

Cristina Aicardi (born 1986), Peruvian badminton player

Giorgio Matteo Aicardi (1891–1984), Italian painter and illustrator

Jean Aicardi (1926–2015), French neurologist

Jérémy Aicardi (born 1988), French rugby sevens player

Matteo Aicardi (born 1986), Italian water polo player

Beatriz H. C. Aicardi de Neuhaus, Argentine human rights activist, co-founder of the Grandmothers Association of Plaza de Mayo

Matteo Aicardi
Matteo Aicardi (born 19 April 1986) is an Italian professional water polo center forward. He won the world title in 2011 and two medals at the 2012 and 2016 Olympics. In 2012 he was awarded the Gold Collar of Sporting Merit from the Italian Olympic Committee.
KKMC
KKMC (880 AM) is a commercial radio station broadcasting a Spanish language Catholic radio format. Licensed to Gonzales, California, it serves the Salinas-Monterey and Santa Cruz areas of Central California. The station is owned by El Sembrador Ministries.

KKMC is powered at 10,000 watts. Because 880 AM is a clear channel frequency, KKMC uses a three-tower array directional antenna to avoid interference. The transmitter is off Jacks Road in Gonzales. Programming is also heard on 10 watt FM translator K247BL in Tularcitos & Carmel, California.

Carmel-by-the-Sea, California
Carmel-by-the-Sea (/kɑːrˈmɛl/), commonly known simply as Carmel, is a city in Monterey County, California, located on the Central Coast of California. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 3,220, down from 3,722 at the 2010 census. Situated on the Monterey Peninsula, Carmel is a tourist destination, known for its natural scenery and artistic history.

The Spanish founded a settlement in 1771, when Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo was relocated by St. Junípero Serra from Monterey. Mission Carmel served as the headquarters of the Californian mission system, until the Mexican secularization act of 1833, when the area was divided into rancho grants. The settlement was largely abandoned by the U.S. Conquest of California in 1848 and stayed undeveloped until Santiago J. Duckworth built a summer colony in 1888. When the Carmel Development Company was formed in 1902, Carmel became an art colony and seaside resort, which incorporated in 1916.
2004 NASDAQ-100 Open – Women's singles
Two-time defending champion Serena Williams defeated Elena Dementieva in the final, 6–1, 6–1 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2004 Miami Open.

This tournament marked the first career meeting between Serena Williams and Maria Sharapova; Williams won in straight sets in their fourth-round encounter.

Mara Santangelo
Mara Santangelo (born 28 June 1981) is a former tennis player from Italy and Grand Slam champion in doubles, winning 2007 French Open. As single player, she won a decisive match in the final Italy vs Belgium against Kirsten Flipkens allowing her national team to win for the first time the 2006 Fed Cup.
National Employment Savings Trust
The National Employment Savings Trust (Nest, sometimes branded Nest Pensions) is the United Kingdom’s public-service defined contribution workplace pension scheme, created to support automatic enrolment under the Pensions Act 2008. It is run by Nest Corporation, a public corporation (non-departmental public body) accountable to Parliament through the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP). Nest has a public service obligation to accept any employer that wishes to use the scheme to meet automatic-enrolment duties.

As of 31 March 2025, Nest reported managing about £49.7 billion on behalf of around 13.8 million members. Nest is an authorised master trust supervised by The Pensions Regulator.

Public service obligation
In the context of European Union law, a public service obligation or PSO is an obligation imposed on an organisation by legislation or contract to provide a service of general interest within EU territories. PSOs may operate in any field of public service, but postal services, social services, energy, transport and banking are specific sectors where the concept is relevant.
DPHS
DPHS, in the United States, may stand for:

Deer Park High School (disambiguation):
Deer Park Junior/Senior High School, Cincinnati, Ohio
Deer Park High School (New York), Deer Park, New York, on Long Island
Deer Park High School (Texas), in the Deer Park Independent School District, Deer Park, Texas

Dr. Phillips High School, Orlando, Florida

Dos Pueblos High School Goleta, California

De Pere High School, a senior high school in De Pere, Wisconsin

Deer Park High School (Texas)
Deer Park High School, located in Deer Park, Texas is a high school serving students from grades 9-12 as part of the Deer Park Independent School District. The school consists of 3 separate campuses: Deer Park High School North Campus (Grade 9), Deer Park High School South Campus (Grades 10-12) and Deer Park High School Wolters Campus, an alternative high school.
USS Osage (1863)
USS Osage was a single-turreted Neosho-class monitor built for the Union Navy during the American Civil War. After completion in mid-1863 by Edward Hartt, the ship patrolled the Mississippi River against Confederate raids and ambushes as part of Rear Admiral David Porter's Mississippi Squadron. Osage participated in the Red River Campaign in March–May 1864, during which she supported the capture of Fort DeRussy in March and participated in the Battle of Blair's Landing in April. The ship was grounded on a sandbar for six months after the end of the campaign and badly damaged. Osage, after being refloated and repaired, was transferred to the West Gulf Blockading Squadron in early 1865 for the campaign against Mobile, Alabama. During the Battle of Spanish Fort in March 1865 she struck a mine and rapidly sank. The ship was later salvaged and sold in 1867.

Union navy
The Union navy is used to describe the United States Navy (USN) during the American Civil War, when it fought the Confederate States Navy (CSN). The term is sometimes used to describe vessels of war used on the rivers of the interior under the control of the Union army.
Baboucarr-Blaise Jagne
Baboucarr-Blaise Ismaila Jagne (born February 11, 1955) was the foreign minister of the Gambia from 1995 until 1997 and from August 30, 2001, until October 14 2004. He was the Gambian Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1998 to 2001, and was President of the United Nations Security Council in June 1999.

Ministry of foreign affairs
In many countries, the ministry of foreign affairs (abbreviated as MFA or MOFA) is the highest government department exclusively or primarily responsible for the state's foreign policy and relations, diplomacy, bilateral, and multilateral relations affairs as well as for providing support, including consular services, for a country's citizens who are abroad. The entity is usually headed by a foreign minister or minister of foreign affairs (the title may vary, such as a secretary of state who has the same functions). The foreign minister typically reports to the head of government (such as prime minister or president).
Abelardo Quinteros
Abelardo Quinteros (born 10 December 1923, Valparaiso) is a Chilean composer who is particularly known for his contributions to twelve-note composition and serialism. His most well known works include his award-winning Horizon carré, Cantos al espejo, Sinfonema,  3 arabescos concertantes, and Piano Studies. His music is known for its lyricism and expressiveness.

From 1936 to 1941 Quinteros studied industrial design at Federico Santa María Technical University. He then studied music composition in Santiago with Pedro H. Allende from 1942 to 1948 and Fré Focke from 1949 to 1951. He won a scholarship from the Austrian Embassy in Chile which enabled him to pursue further studies at the Steinbauer Academy in Vienna, where he studied serialism with Othmar Steinbauer and singing with Christal Kern.

Othmar Steinbauer
Othmar Steinbauer (6 November 1895 – 5 September 1962) was an Austrian composer and music theorist. He progressed developments in twelve-tone composition (Klangreihenmusik). His own teachers included Joseph Marx, Anton Webern, Arnold Schoenberg and Josef Matthias Hauer.