hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Altay Sarsenuly Amanzholov
Altay Sarsenuly Amanzholov (Kazakh: Алтай Сәрсенұлы Аманжолов, Altaı Sársenuly Amanjolov; February 6, 1934 – August 10, 2012) was a Kazakh SSR, Kazakh Turkologist. He followed his father Sarsen Amanzholov's steps continuing in this field of study.

Turkology
Turkology (or Turcology or Turkic studies) is a complex of humanities sciences studying languages, history, literature, folklore, culture, and ethnology of people speaking Turkic languages and the Turkic peoples in chronological and comparative context. That includes ethnic groups from the Sakha, in eastern Siberia, to the Turks in the Balkans and the Gagauz, in Moldova.
Terrorism in Yemen
In its war on terrorism in Yemen, the US government describes Yemen as "an important partner in the global war on terrorism". There have been attacks on civilian targets and tourists, and there was a cargo-plane bomb plot in 2010. Counter-terrorism operations have been conducted by the Yemeni police, the Yemeni military, the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, and the U.S. Department of Defense - U.S. Special Operations Forces and United States Central Command.

Marib
Marib (Arabic: مَأْرِب, romanized: Maʾrib; Old South Arabian: 𐩣𐩧𐩨/𐩣𐩧𐩺𐩨 Mryb/Mrb) is the capital city of Marib Governorate, Yemen. It was the capital of the ancient kingdom of Sabaʾ (Arabic: سَبَأ), which some scholars believe to be the ancient Sheba of biblical fame. It is about 120 kilometres (75 miles) east of Yemen's modern capital, Sanaa, and is in the region of the Sarawat Mountains. In 2005 it had a population of 16,794. However, in 2021, it had absorbed close to a million refugees fleeing the Yemeni Civil War.

The ancient city of Mirwah is one of the most important places for Arabian archaeology, and in 2023, was added by the UNESCO to its World Heritage Site List, as one of the Landmarks of the Ancient Kingdom of Saba, Marib.
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bombay
The Archdiocese of Bombay is a Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic Church. Its episcopal see is in Bombay (Mumbai) and encompasses the northern Konkan division of Maharashtra, India. The cathedral is the Cathedral of the Holy Name. It also administers an important minor basilica, the Basilica of Our Lady of the Mount, in Bandra suburb of Bombay.

As of 2006, the archdiocese had 277 diocesan priests, 283 religious priests, 383 male religious brothers and 1,530 religious sisters. The archdiocese serves a total of 506,976 Indian Catholics in 121 parishes all across the Greater Bombay Metropolitan Area.

Archbishop John Rodrigues succeeded Oswald Cardinal Gracias as the Archbishop of Bombay on 25 January 2025, following Pope Francis's acceptance of Cardinal Gracias' resignation.

Konkan division
Konkan division is one of the six administrative divisions of Maharashtra state in India. It comprises the central portions of the Konkani region, excluding Goa and Daman, which were absorbed into Maharashtra owing to the States Reorganisation of India. Konkan division is the western section of present-day Maharashtra, alongside the west coast of India. The two districts of the state capital of Mumbai (Bombay) also fall into this division.
Instant payment notification
Instant payment notification (IPN) is a method for online retailers to automatically track purchases and other server-to-server communication in real time.  This allows E-commerce systems the opportunity to store payment transactions, order information and other sales internally.  IPN messages can represent payment success or failures, order transaction status changes, accounting ledger information and many others depending on the payment gateway.

The payments industry is an evolving market, technology like IPN and instant payment are now used in the retail market and in the domestic sphere, but they are expected to evolve into the corporate, business-to-business (B2B) segment and cross-border space.

Business-to-business
Business-to-business (B2B or, in some countries, BtoB or B4B) refers to trade and commercial activity where a business sees other businesses as its customer base. This typically occurs when:

A business sources materials for its production process for output (e.g., a food manufacturer purchasing salt), i.e. providing raw material to the other company that will produce output.

A business needs the services of another for operational reasons (e.g., a food manufacturer employing an accountancy firm to audit their finances).

A business re-sells goods and services produced by others (e.g., a retailer buying the end product from the food manufacturer).

Business-to-business activity is thought to allow business segmentation.

B2B is often contrasted with business-to-consumer (B2C) trade, the latter of which typically sells directly to the general public and consumers, rather than other businesses and organisations.
Finance Act 1997
The Finance Act 1997 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom enacting the 1997 United Kingdom Budget. The Chancellor of the Exchequer delivers the annual budget speech outlining changes in spending, tax, duty and other financial matters. The respective year's Finance Act is the mechanism to enact the changes. Levels of Excise Duties, Value Added Tax, Income Tax, Corporation Tax and Capital Gains Tax) are often modified.

The rules governing the various taxation methods are contained within the relevant taxation acts. (For instance Capital Gains Tax Legislation is contained within Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992). The Finance Act details amendments to be made to each one of these Acts.

Capital gains tax in the United Kingdom
Capital gains tax in the United Kingdom is a tax levied on capital gains, the profit realised on the sale of a non-inventory asset by an individual or trust in the United Kingdom. The most common capital gains are realised from the sale of shares, bonds, precious metals, real estate, and property, so the tax principally targets business owners, investors and employee share scheme participants.

In the UK, gains made by companies fall under the scope of corporation tax rather than capital gains tax. In 2017–18, total capital gains tax receipts were £8.3 billion from 265,000 individuals and £0.6 billion from trusts, on total gains of £58.9 billion.

By 2024-25, CGT receipts had risen to a record £17 billion. Analysis attributed part of the increase to residential property disposals as landlords exited the private rented sector.

The current operation of the capital gains tax system is a recognised issue. The Conservative government consulted on the issue in 2020.
10th Japan Film Professional Awards
The 10th Japan Film Professional Awards (第10回日本映画プロフェッショナル大賞) was the 10th edition of the Japan Film Professional Awards. It awarded the best of film in 2000. The ceremony took place on April 14, 2001 at Shin-Bungeiza in Tokyo.

Ryūichi Hiroki
Ryūichi Hiroki (廣木 隆一, Hiroki Ryūichi; born January 1, 1954) is a Japanese film director. He won critical acclaim for 800 Two Lap Runners. Film critic and researcher Alexander Jacoby has described Hiroki as "one of the modern Japanese cinema's most intelligent students of character".
McNeill, Mississippi
McNeill, Mississippi is an unincorporated community in Pearl River County, Mississippi, United States. The zip code is: 39457.

McNeill is located on the Norfolk Southern Railway and was named by William Graham for a family who moved to the area from North Carolina to operate a turpentine business.

In 1906, McNeill had an estimated population of 250.

Mississippi State University operates the McNeill Research Unit in McNeill. The unit conducts experiments on muscadine growth and Formosan termites in addition to silvopasture research.

Donna Pope of McNeill was crowned Miss Mississippi in 1980, and was second runner-up at the Miss America Pageant.

Vitis rotundifolia
Vitis rotundifolia, or muscadine, is a grapevine species native to the southeastern and south-central United States. The growth range extends from Florida to New Jersey coast, and west to eastern Texas and Oklahoma. It has been extensively cultivated since the 16th century. The plants are well-adapted to their native warm and humid climate; they need fewer chilling hours than better known varieties, and thrive in summer heat.

Muscadine berries may be bronze or dark purple or black when ripe. Wild varieties may stay green through maturity. Muscadines are typically used in making artisan wines, juice, hull pie and jelly. They are rich sources of polyphenols.

In a natural setting, muscadine provides wildlife habitat as shelter, browse, and food for many birds and animals. It is also a larval host for the Nessus Sphinx Moth (Amphion floridensis) and the Mournful Sphinx Moth (Enyo lugubris).
Hydroelectric power plant in Włocławek
The hydroelectric power plant in Włocławek is the largest run-of-the-river hydroelectricity power plant in Poland. As a result of the construction of the power plant, a dam lake was created on the Vistula (Włocławek Reservoir). Initially it was supposed to be an element of the cascade of hydropower plants of the lower Vistula, but the other dams were never built.

The site is associated with the assassination of Jerzy Popiełuszko, including body disposal and discovery.

Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity
Run-of-river hydroelectricity (ROR) or run-of-the-river hydroelectricity is a type of hydroelectric generation plant whereby little or no water storage is provided. Run-of-the-river power plants may have no water storage at all or a limited amount of storage, in which case the storage reservoir is referred to as pondage. A plant without pondage is subject to seasonal river flows, so the plant will operate as an intermittent energy source. Conventional hydro uses reservoirs, which regulate water for flood control, dispatchable electrical power, and the provision of fresh water for agriculture.
Jørgen Munkeby
Jørgen Munkeby (born 3 September 1980 in Oslo, Norway) is a Norwegian jazz rock and heavy metal musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer. He is best known as the frontman in the band Shining and as a former member of Jaga Jazzist.

Marty Friedman
Martin Adam Friedman (Japanese: マーティン・アダム・フリードマン, Hepburn: Mātin Adamu Furīdoman) is an American guitarist, best known for his tenure as the lead guitarist of thrash metal band Megadeth from 1990 to 2000. He is also known for playing alongside Jason Becker in Cacophony from 1986 until 1989, as well as his 13 solo albums and tours. Friedman has resided in Tokyo since 2003, where he has appeared on over 700 Japanese television programs such as Rock Fujiyama, Hebimeta-san, Kōhaku Uta Gassen and Jukebox English. He has released albums with several record labels, including Avex Trax, Universal, EMI, Prosthetic, and Shrapnel Records.
Lexington Financial Center
The Lexington Financial Center, locally known as "Fifth Third" or the "Big Blue Building", is a 357,361-square-foot (33,199.9 m2), 410-foot (120 m), 31-floor high-rise in Lexington, Kentucky. It is located between Vine Street and Main Street at South Mill Street. Its exterior features blue tinted glass that has become an identifying symbol for the downtown.

It was originally proposed as a 26-story skyscraper in 1984 across from the Vine Center and replaced the failed project, the Galleria.

$7.5 million in state aid was announced by then-Governor Martha Layne Collins towards the construction of a six-level parking structure that would serve Triangle Center and the Lexington Financial Center.

Construction was completed in 1987. Upon completion, it housed the Webb Company, the Bank of Lexington, Sherman, Carter, Barnhart Architects and a law firm. Today, it houses the Fifth Third Bank among other financial institutions, including Kentucky Employers' Mutual Insurance

Kentucky Employers' Mutual Insurance
Kentucky Employers' Mutual Insurance (KEMI) is a workers' compensation insurance company in Lexington, Kentucky. KEMI was created in 1995 and is the largest provider of workers' compensation insurance in Kentucky.

KEMI is a mutual insurance company owned by its policyholders. KEMI is financed entirely by premium dollars and investment income. All workers' compensation insurance companies in Kentucky, including KEMI, are regulated by the Kentucky Department of Insurance and the Kentucky Department of Workers' Claims.
Ostroh Chronicler
The Ostroh Chronicler (Ukrainian: Остро́зький літо́писець, romanized: Ostróz'kyy litópysets') is a Ukrainian chronicle of the late 30s of the 17th century. The NASU Institute of Ukrainian Language has designated it as a monument of the Ukrainian language (Ukrainian: Пам'ятка української мови, romanized: Pam'yatka ukrajins'koj movy).

NASU Institute of the Ukrainian Language
The NASU Institute of the Ukrainian Language (Ukrainian: Інститут української мови, romanized: Instytut ukrainskoi movy) of the NAS of Ukraine is a research organization in Ukraine created to do thorough studying of the Ukrainian language. It is the Ukrainian coordinating centre of research issues for Ukrainian. An important function of the Institute is to consolidate the Ukrainian language as the country's  official language. One of the institute's aims is to promote lingual harmony in present-day Ukraine.

The Institute was formed in 1991. Its headquarters is located at the Institute of History of Ukraine building on Hrushevsky Street, Kyiv. The director of the institute is Professor Pavlo Hrytsenko . Other key members of the organisation include Vasyl Nimchuk, Ivan Vyhovanets, and Svitlana Yermolenko.
Levomepromazine
Levomepromazine, also known as methotrimeprazine, is a phenothiazine neuroleptic drug. Brand names include Nozinan, Levoprome, Detenler, Hirnamin, Levotomin and Neurocil. It is a low-potency antipsychotic (approximately half as potent as chlorpromazine) with strong analgesic, hypnotic and antiemetic properties that are primarily used in palliative care.

Serious side effects include tardive dyskinesia, akathisia, abnormalities in the electrical cycle of the heart, low blood pressure and the potentially fatal neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

As is typical of phenothiazine antipsychotics, levomepromazine is a "dirty drug", that is, it exerts its effects by blocking a variety of receptors, including adrenergic receptors, dopamine receptors, histamine receptors, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and serotonin receptors.

Adrenergic receptor
The adrenergic receptors or adrenoceptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of many catecholamines like norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) produced by the body, but also many medications like beta blockers, beta-2 (β2) agonists and alpha-2 (α2) agonists, which are used to treat high blood pressure and asthma, for example.

Many cells have these receptors, and the binding of a catecholamine to the receptor will generally stimulate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). The SNS is responsible for the fight-or-flight response, which is triggered by experiences such as exercise or fear-causing situations. This response dilates pupils, increases heart rate, mobilizes energy, and diverts blood flow from non-essential organs to skeletal muscle. These effects together tend to increase physical performance momentarily.
Glaves
Glaves is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gordon Glaves, the namesake of the Gordon Glaves Memorial Pathway, a portion of the Hamilton–Brantford–Cambridge Trails, Canada

Helen Glaves, Senior Data Scientist at the British Geological Survey

Noel David Glaves James  (1912-1993), English author and historian of forestry

Rory Glaves (born 1982), Canadian professional lacrosse player

N. D. G. James
Noel David Glaves James, known as "Jimmy," (1912-1993) was an English author and historian of forestry.  His works included:

The Forester's Companion (1955)

A Pictorial Guide to Bicton Gardens (1970)

A History of English Forestry (1981)

A Forestry Centenary: the history of the Royal Forestry Society of England, Wales, and Northern Ireland (1982)

Plain Soldiering. A history of the armed forces on Salisbury Plain (1987)

An Historical Dictionary of Forestry and Woodland Terms (1991)
Oh My My (Ringo Starr song)
"Oh My My" is a song by English musician Ringo Starr from his 1973 album Ringo. It was also issued as the third single from the album, becoming a top-five hit in the United States and Canada. The recording was produced by Richard Perry and includes backing vocals by Merry Clayton and Martha Reeves.

Jim Keltner
James Lee Keltner (born April 27, 1942) is an American drummer and percussionist known primarily for his session work. He was characterized by Bob Dylan biographer Howard Sounes as "the leading session drummer in America".
Vyvyan family
For the Vivian family of Glynn and Truro, Cornwall, see Baron Vivian.

The Vyvyans /ˈvɪviən/ comprise a prominent Cornish family who were members of Parliament, baronets, and landowners in Penwith and Kerrier since the 15th century. The Vyvyan family has held the large Trelowarren Estate in the parish of Mawgan-in-Meneage in west 
Cornwall for nearly 600 years. They moved to Trelowarren in 1427 from Trevedran, St. Buryan when they acquired Trelowarren through marriage to the daughter of Honora Ferrers, heiress to the estate of the previous owner, Richard Ferrers. Trelowarren's first garden (at least under the Vyvyans) is recorded in 1428. In the English Civil War (1642–1651) the Vyvyans were royalist supporters. Sir Richard Vyvyan (1613–1724), 1st Baronet, was given a large equestrian portrait of King Charles I (1600–1649), a copy of the famous painting by Anthony van Dyck, by King Charles II (1630–1685) in recognition of his support.

Equestrian Portrait of Charles I
The Equestrian Portrait of Charles I (also known as Charles I on Horseback) is a large oil painting on canvas by Anthony van Dyck, showing  Charles I on horseback.  Charles I had become King of England, Scotland and Ireland in 1625 on the death of his father James I, and Van Dyck became Charles's Principal Painter in Ordinary in 1632.

The portrait is thought to have been painted in about 1637–38, only a few years before the English Civil War broke out in 1642. It is one of many portraits of Charles by Van Dyck, including several equestrian portraits. It is held by the National Gallery, London.
Porphyrosela dismochrysa
Porphyrosela dismochrysa is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from the Australian states of New South Wales and South Australia.

The larvae feed on Hardenbergia species (including Hardenbergia ovata), Kennedia nigricans and Meibomia viridiflora. They probably mine the leaves of their host plant.

This species was first described by Oswald Bertram Lower in 1897.

Oswald Bertram Lower
Oswald Bertram Lower (28 February 1864 in Norwood, South Australia – 18 March 1925 in Wayville, South Australia) was an Australian chemist and pharmacist who is best known for his contributions to entomology, in particular butterflies and moths. His collection is now at the South Australian Museum.

In 1909 he married Eva Linda May (Davies) Lower. The couple had two sons: Oswald Bertram and Raymond Brackleigh.
I Can Take You to the Sun
"I Can Take You To The Sun" is a song that was composed and recorded by The Misunderstood at Philips Studios in London in 1966. The song is considered a psychedelic music classic.

The single was released to critical acclaim but the band was forced to break up shortly thereafter when lead vocalist/harmonica player Rick Brown was drafted into the Vietnam War.

In a release of early BBC Top Gear shows, host John Peel introduced the song with the comment, "This is to my mind the best popular record that's ever been recorded". Peel would later rank the song as his number 3 song for 1966 in his "Peelennium" (Greatest Songs of the 20th Century) list.

Record Collector magazine, in a July 1999 article wrote, "The Misunderstood were a band of immense talent (...) Without apologies, the Misunderstood single stands (...) as one of the most powerful and best psychedelic singles ever released." "I Can Take You to the Sun" is mentioned in Record Collector's book "100 Greatest Psychedelic Records".

Peelennium
The Peelennium was a selection of songs by BBC Radio DJ John Peel from 1900 to 2000 in order to celebrate the last 100 years of music leading up to the millennium. It was carefully timed to play out over the 100 remaining shows of 1999, starting with Thursday 13 May.
Pearl (given name)
Pearl is a unisex given name derived from the English word pearl, a hard, roundish object produced within the soft tissue of a living, shelled mollusk. Pearls are commonly used in jewelry-making. The name has a history of usage among Jews. Pearl is used as an Anglicization of the Yiddish name Perle. Pearl is also a common Jewish surname. Usage of the name for girls may also have been inspired by the name Margaret, which means "pearl". Pearl came into wider popular use in the Anglosphere along with other gemstone names used for girls during the late Victorian Era.

Anglosphere
The Anglosphere, also known as the Anglo-American world, is a sphere of influence among Anglophone countries. The core group of this sphere of influence comprises five developed countries that maintain close social, cultural, political, economic, and military ties with each other: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Anglosphere countries are generally aligned with each other on global issues and collaborate extensively in matters of security, as exemplified by alliances like Five Eyes. The core countries of the Anglosphere are either NATO members or designated by the United States as major non-NATO allies.
Homilsha Woods National Nature Park
The Homilsha Woods National Nature Park (Ukrainian: Національний природний парк «Гомільшанські ліси», romanized: Homil'šans'ki lisy) is a national park of Ukraine that covers established forests in the Donets River valley.  The site has been a protected area for a very long time, beginning with Peter the Great designating local territory as a 'protected ship grove' for wood to build ships. The site also has high ecological value as forest-steppe land.  Administratively, the park is in the Chuhuiv Raion of Kharkiv Oblast, about 50 km south of the regional city of Kharkiv.

Donets
The Seversky Donets (Russian: Северский Донец) or Siverskyi Donets (Ukrainian: Сіверський Донець), usually simply called the Donets (Russian: Донец, lit. 'Don + - ets, suffix'), is a river on the south of the East European Plain. It originates in the Central Russian Upland, north of Belgorod, flows south-east through Ukraine (Kharkiv, Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts) and then again through Russia (Rostov Oblast) to join the river Don, about 100 km (62 mi) from the Sea of Azov. The Donets is the fourth-longest river in Ukraine, and the largest in eastern Ukraine, where it is an important source of fresh water. It gives its name to the Donets Basin, known commonly as the Donbas, an important coal-mining and industrial region in Ukraine.
Timeline of the 2007 pet food recalls
This timeline of the 2007 pet food recalls documents how events related to the 2007 pet food recalls unfolded. Several contaminated Chinese vegetable proteins were used by pet food makers in North America, Europe and South Africa, leading to kidney failure in animals fed the contaminated food. Both the centralization of the pet food industry and the speed and manner of the industry and government response became the subjects of critical discussion.

American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) is a non-profit organization dedicated to preventing animal cruelty. Based in New York City since its inception in 1866, the organization's mission is "to provide effective means for the prevention of cruelty to animals throughout the United States."