hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Southern Africa Mathematical Sciences Association
The Southern Africa Mathematical Sciences Association (SAMSA) is a regional professional society for mathematicians working in countries of southern Africa.  The society was founded in 1981.  It has been involved in several capacity building programs, including the Masamu project of collaborative research with Auburn University in the US and the Kovalevskaia Research Grants for women mathematicians of the region.

The SAMSA also includes some members from other parts of Africa, as well as from Europe and the US.

University of Dar es Salaam
The University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM; Swahili: Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam) is a public university located in Ubungo District, in the Dar es Salaam Region of Tanzania. It was established in 1961 as an affiliate college of the University of London and became an affiliate of the University of East Africa (UEA) in 1963, shortly after Tanganyika gained its independence from the United Kingdom. In 1970, UEA split into three independent universities: Makerere University in Uganda, the University of Nairobi in Kenya, and the current University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania.
Never Have to Be Alone
Never Have to Be Alone is a song by American gospel singer CeCe Winans, released in 2017. The song earned the singer a Grammy Award for Best Gospel Performance/Song. The song is from the artist's Let Them Fall in Love album.

Let Them Fall in Love
Let Them Fall in Love is the tenth studio album by American singer CeCe Winans. As a CD, it was released by PureSprings Gospel in 2016, but was available on digital platforms in February 3, 2017. The album won the 2018 Grammy Award for Best Gospel Album.
Lucía, Lucía
Lucía, Lucía (Spanish: La hija del caníbal, lit. 'The Cannibal's Daughter') is a 2003 crime comedy-drama film written and directed by Antonio Serrano, based on the 1997 novel La hija del caníbal by Rosa Montero. The film stars Cecilia Roth, Carlos Álvarez-Nóvoa and Kuno Becker.

Kuno Becker
Eduardo Kuno Becker Paz (born January 14, 1978), professionally known as Kuno Becker, is a Mexican actor and film director who has appeared in telenovelas, Mexican and American films. He is perhaps best known for his roles as Rubén Barraisabal in Soñadoras and Santiago Muñez in the Goal! film series.

He also portrayed Drew Ramos on the American series Dallas.
Bougna
Bougna is a traditional feast dish of the Kanak people of New Caledonia. The word "bougna" comes from the Drehu word "puhnya" meaning "bundle", "pack".   The dish is also eaten in Vanuatu, where it is known as bunya or bunia.

Bougna often contains taro, yam, sweet potato, banana, and pieces of either chicken, fish, crab,  prawns  or lobster. The contents are wrapped in banana leaves and are then buried to cook in a ground oven, which uses red-hot rocks heated by fire.  After about two hours of cooking, the banana leaves are unearthed and unwrapped, and the contents are eaten.

Banana leaf
The banana leaf is the leaf of the banana plant, which may produce up to 40 leaves in a growing cycle. The leaves have a wide range of applications because they are large, flexible, waterproof and decorative. They are used for cooking, wrapping, and food-serving in a wide range of cuisines in tropical and subtropical areas. They are used for decorative and symbolic purposes in numerous Hindu and Buddhist ceremonies. In traditional home building in tropical areas, roofs and fences are made with dry banana-leaf thatch. Bananas and palm leaves were historically the primary writing surfaces in many nations of South and Southeast Asia.
Place des Vosges
The Place des Vosges (French: [plas de voʒ]; lit. 'Vosges Square'), originally the Place Royale ('Royal Square'), is the oldest planned square in Paris, just before the Place Dauphine. It is located in the Marais district, and it straddles the dividing-line between the 3rd and 4th arrondissements. It is an enclosed square, accessible via a main street on one of its four sides and two streets running beneath pavilions. It was a fashionable and expensive square to live in during the 17th and 18th centuries, and one of the main reasons for the chic nature of the Marais among the Parisian nobility. Along with the Place des Victoires, the Place Dauphine, the Place Vendôme and the Place de la Concorde, it is one of the five royal squares in Paris.

Vosges
The Vosges (/voʊʒ/ VOHZH, French: [voʒ] ⓘ; German: Vogesen [voˈɡeːzn̩] ⓘ; Franconian and Alemannic German: Vogese) is a range of medium mountains in Eastern France, near its border with Germany. Together with the Palatine Forest to the north on the German side of the border, they form a single geomorphological unit and low mountain range of around 8,000 km2 (3,100 sq mi) in area. It runs in a north-northeast direction from the Burgundian Gate (the Belfort–Ronchamp–Lure line) to the Börrstadt Basin (the Winnweiler–Börrstadt–Göllheim line), and forms the western boundary of the Upper Rhine Plain.

The Grand Ballon is the highest peak at 1,424 m (4,672 ft), followed by the Storkenkopf (1,366 m, 4,482 ft), and the Hohneck (1,364 m, 4,475 ft).
Tritan Shehu
Tritan Shehu is a member of the Assembly of the Republic of Albania for the Democratic Party of Albania. He was minister of foreign affairs from July 11, 1996 to April 12, 1997, minister of health from 1993 to 1996, and Vice Prime Minister of Albania from 1996 to 1997. Shehu also served as president of the Commission of Health in the Assembly of the Republic of Albania from 2005 to 2013. He is currently vice rector at the Catholic University "Our Lady of Good Counsel" (Albanian: Universiteti Katolik "Zoja e Këshillit të Mirë") and president of the Anesthesy and Reanimation Order in Albania.

Democratic Party of Albania
The Democratic Party of Albania (Albanian: Partia Demokratike e Shqipërisë, PDSH), also known as the Democratic Party (Albanian: Partia Demokratike, PD), is a conservative political party in Albania. It has been the largest opposition party in the country since 2013, and is one of the two major parties in Albanian politics along with the Socialist Party.

The Democratic Party of Albania was founded in 1990 as a strongly anti-communist party with the majority of its followers being from politically persecuted dissidents of the Communist dictatorial regime of Enver Hoxha. In international relations, it is an associate member of the European People's Party and a full member of International Democracy Union.
William John Wunderlich
William John Winderlich Sr. (August 27, 1906 - c. 1976) was a state legislator and merchant in Arkansas. A Democrat, he served two terms in the Arkansas House of Representatives in 1943 and 1945. He lived in Blytheville in Mississippi County, Arkansas. He married Donna Cooke and had two children.

He was born in Springfield, Missouri. He attended Western Military Academy and the University of Missouri. A Methodist, he served in the Lions Club and Chamber of Commerce.

Arkansas House of Representatives
The Arkansas House of Representatives is the lower house of the Arkansas General Assembly, the state legislature of the US state of Arkansas. The House has 100 members elected from an equal number of constituencies across the state. Each district has an average population of 30,137, according to the 2020 federal census. Members are elected to two-year terms and, since the 2014 Amendment to the Arkansas Constitution, limited to sixteen years cumulative in either house.

The Arkansas House of Representatives meets annually, in regular session in odd number years and for a fiscal session in even number years, at the State Capitol in Little Rock.
Ali Khoynezhad
Ali B. Khoynezhad (born 1970) is an Iranian-American cardiothoracic surgeon, surgeon, medical device inventor, and medical researcher specializing in aortic and heart rhythm surgeries. He is medical director of Cardiovascular Surgery at MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute at Long Beach Medical Center, Director of Aortic and Arrhythmia Surgery at MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute. Previously, he served as Director of Aortic Surgery at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Professor of Surgery at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.

Kellogg School of Management
The Northwestern University Kellogg School of Management (branded as Northwestern Kellogg) is the graduate business school of Northwestern University, a private research university in Evanston, Illinois. It was founded in 1908. Kellogg is part of the M7 group of business schools recognized as having strong MBA programs, that are often highly-ranked in US MBA rankings.
Oregon's 13th House district
District 13 of the Oregon House of Representatives is one of 60 House legislative districts in the state of Oregon. As of 2021, the boundary for the district is located entirely within Lane County and covers the northern part of Eugene. The current representative for the district is Democrat Nancy Nathanson of Eugene.

Nancy Nathanson
Nancy Louise Nathanson (born September 29, 1951 in Dallas, Texas) is a Democratic member of the Oregon House of Representatives, representing the 13th district. Nathanson attended Northwestern University, and later the University of Oregon where she received a Bachelor of Science in urban geography.
2008–09 Liga ABF
The Liga ABF 2008–09 was the 52nd season of women's handball top flight in Spain since its establishment, running from 13 September 2008. to 23 May 2009. SD Itxako won the championship for the first time with a seven points advantage over Balonmano Sagunto. CBF Elda, Bera Bera, Mar Alicante and CB Elche followed in European positions, while CB Zuazo and CBF Monóvar were relegated.

SD Itxako
Sociedad Deportiva Itxako, known as Asfi Itxako for sponsorship reasons, was a Spanish women's handball team from Estella-Lizarra, Navarre. Itxako were four times Spanish league winners and the EHF Women's Champions League runners-up.
Cassandra Lynn
Cassandra Lynn Hensley (née Jensen, previously D'Elia, August 15, 1979 – January 15, 2014) was an American model and is Playboy's Playmate of the Month for February 2006. At age eighteen, Hensley moved to Newport Beach, California to study to become an aesthetician. She also opened a tanning salon and did some modeling. After placing in the Top 20 in a Hawaiian Tropic pageant, she submitted photos to Playboy. It was not until the second time she submitted photos that she received a callback and became a Playmate. She made an appearance on the television series Bikini Destinations in 2008.

Hensley was born in Price, Utah. She was found dead of an apparent overdose, in the bathtub at a friend's home in Los Angeles, California, on January 15, 2014.

Cosmetology
Cosmetology (from Greek κοσμητικός, kosmētikos, "beautifying"; and -λογία, -logia) is the study and application of beauty treatment. Branches of specialty include hairstyling, skin care, cosmetics, manicures/pedicures, non-permanent hair removal such as waxing and sugaring, and permanent hair removal processes such as electrology and intense pulsed light (IPL).

In the United States as of 2008, an occupational license is required in all states to be a cosmetologist, with the average cost of a certificate from a for-profit school being $17,000 and 1,500 required hours (ten times the hours required for an EMT) with cosmetologists making a median wage of $25,000.
The Geography of Thought
The Geography of Thought: How Asians and Westerners Think Differently...and Why is a book by social psychologist Richard Nisbett that was published by Free Press in 2003. By analyzing the differences between Asia and the West, it argues that cultural differences affect people's thought processes more significantly than believed.

In the book, Nisbett demonstrates that "people actually think about—and even see—the world differently because of differing ecologies, social structures, philosophies, and educational systems that date back to ancient Greece and China". At its core, the book assumes that human behavior is not “hard-wired” but a function of culture.

Social psychology
Social psychology is the methodical study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. Although studying many of the same substantive topics as its counterpart in the field of sociology, psychological social psychology places more emphasis on the individual, rather than society; the influence of social structure and culture on individual outcomes, such as personality, behavior, and one's position in social hierarchies. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the relationship between mental states and social situations, studying the social conditions under which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors occur, and how these variables influence social interactions.
Ion Popa (historian)
Ion Popa is a historian who studies the role of Christian churches in the Holocaust. He received his doctorate from Manchester University in 2014. His book The Romanian Orthodox Church and the Holocaust received the 2018 Yad Vashem International Book Prize for Holocaust Research. From 2012 to 2013, he held a Ausnit Fellowship at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) is the United States' official memorial to the Holocaust, dedicated to the documentation, study, and interpretation of the Holocaust. Opened in 1993, the museum explores the Holocaust through permanent and traveling exhibitions, educational programs, survivor testimonies and archival collections. The USHMM was created to help leaders and citizens of the world confront hatred, prevent genocide, promote human dignity, and strengthen democracy.
The Cook Up with Adam Liaw
The Cook Up with Adam Liaw is an Australian television cooking and talk series presented by Adam Liaw. It is produced by SBS Food. It premiered on 19 April 2021.

The series sees Liaw chatting and cooking with guests including Colin Fassnidge, Julie Goodwin, Jock Zonfrillo, Yumi Stynes, Jessica Rowe and Jimmy Barnes.

Yumi Stynes
Yumi Tasma Stynes (born 2 June 1975) is an Australian feminist podcaster and author. She is the presenter of the ABC Radio podcast Ladies, We Need to Talk about female health and sexuality, and the SBS Audio podcast, SEEN, where she talks with trailblazers from communities outside the mainstream. Between 2010 and 2012, she presented the morning television show The Circle and was previously a television presenter on Channel V Australia and Max. During 2013 she was a presenter on Sydney's Mix 106.5 FM radio breakfast program. A portrait of Stynes by Yoshio Honjo was a finalist for the 2022 Archibald Prize.
Kif-Kif (organization)
Kif-Kif (The Association of Lesbians, Gays, Transgenders and Bisexuals of Morocco) is a non-governmental LGBT rights organization for LGBT Moroccans. Since it is not legally recognized in Morocco, the organization has been licensed and checked in Spain since 2008. On its constitutive act, it is mentioned that its actions include both Spain and Morocco. Although its focus is on homosexual rights, membership is open to everyone who shares its values based on the universal declaration of human rights.

The association is widely criticized from the very conservative parts of Muslim society in the country, even by means of the use of threats, or in some extreme cases; personal violence.

Kif-kif is an expression that means "same" in Moroccan dialect. The organization also operates a magazine titled Mithly (The Arabic word "Mithly" can mean either "similar to me" or "gay").

Moroccans
Moroccans (Arabic: المغاربة, romanised: al-Maġāriba) are the citizens and nationals of Morocco. The country's population is predominantly composed of Arabs and Berbers. The term also applies more broadly to any people who share a common Moroccan culture and identity, as well as those who natively speak Moroccan Arabic or other languages of Morocco.

In addition to the approximately 37 million residents of Morocco, there is a large Moroccan diaspora. Considerable Moroccan populations can be found in France, Spain, Belgium, Italy, and the Netherlands; with smaller notable concentrations in other Arab states as well as Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada.
Georgia v. Stanton
Georgia v. Stanton, 73 U.S. (6 Wall.) 50 (1868), also called the Library Case, was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the court does not hold jurisdiction over the political question of enforcement of the Reconstruction Acts against the Southern States. The court did recognize its original jurisdiction in the matter and its ability to decide issues of the rights of persons or property. Nevertheless, the case before it was not one of persons or property, but the political question of whether the federal government could annul state governments and replace them with new ones. Since it found that the issue raised by the three Southern States was a political one, the court decided it did not possess jurisdiction over the subject matter of the case.

Original jurisdiction
In common law legal systems, original jurisdiction of a court is the power to hear a case for the first time, as opposed to appellate jurisdiction, when a higher court has the power to review a lower court's decision.
Limited good
In anthropology, limited good is the theory commonly held in traditional societies that there is a limited amount of "good" to go around. In other words, the amount of land, money, etc. available is held to be finite, so every time one person profits, another loses.

Societies that subscribe to this philosophy tend to display strong levels of equality among members and to be strongly resistant to social change.

The term was coined by George M. Foster in his 1965 article, "Peasant Society and the Image of Limited Good", in the American Anthropologist. The concept has been described by Allen as the rural counterpart of the culture of poverty. The Mexican peasants (in Tzintzuntzan, Michoacán) Foster studied were seen by him to lack interest in new opportunities because of their perception of the world as a "competitive game." This led to a high level of distrust and envy, and fragile and constantly shifting patterns of alignment.

Tzintzuntzan, Michoacán
Tzintzuntzan (Spanish pronunciation: [tsin'tsuntsan]) is a town in Tzintzuntzan Municipality located in the north of Michoacán state, 53 km from the capital of Morelia and 17.5 km from Pátzcuaro, located on the northeast shore of Lake Pátzcuaro. It is best known as the former capital of the Tarascan state until it was conquered by the Spanish in the 1520s. Today, Tzintzuntzan is a small town with two major attractions, the archeological site of Tzintzuntzan and the former monastery complex of San Francisco. The municipality contains another important archeological site called Ihuatzio. It is also notable for its festivals, which include the Festival of Señor del Rescate, Day of the Dead celebrations and a cultural event related to New Year's.
Cantaloupe, Inc.
Cantaloupe, Inc., previously known as USA Technologies Inc., is an American company known for its work with ePort cashless acceptance technology running on its patented ePort Connect service, a PCI compliant services. ePort Connect wirelessly facilitates electronic payment options to consumers with credit, debit, or NFC enabled electronic wallets like Apple Pay and Google Pay while providing operators with both telemetry and machine-to-machine (M2M) services. ePort technology is primarily found in vending machines, kiosks and point-of-sale (POS) terminals, but the ePort Online and ePort Mobile products have extended the network to accept recurring payments from a PC or retail outlets and the taxi industry through smartphone devices.

Near-field communication
Near-field communication (NFC) is a set of communication protocols that enables communication between two electronic devices over a distance of 4 cm (1+1⁄2 in) or less. NFC offers a low-speed connection through a simple setup that can be used for the bootstrapping of capable wireless connections. Like other proximity card technologies, NFC is based on inductive coupling between two electromagnetic coils present on an NFC-enabled device such as a smartphone. NFC communicating in one or both directions uses a frequency of 13.56 MHz in the globally available unlicensed radio-frequency ISM band, compliant with the ISO/IEC 18000-3 air-interface standard at data rates ranging from 106 to 848 kbit/s.

The NFC Forum has helped define and promote the technology, setting standards for certifying device compliance. Secure communications are available by applying encryption algorithms, as is done for credit cards, and if they fit the criteria for being considered a personal area network.
It Was Romance
It Was Romance is an American rock band formed by Lane Moore. It began as the bedroom recording project of lead singer and songwriter Moore, who years later added a backing band. Moore is the chief songwriter, singer, and multi-instrumentalist, using an electric ukulele with distortion that she plays like an electric guitar as well as piano, synthesizer, accordion, bass guitar, and percussion. Bust magazine called It Was Romance The Best Band Of 2015.

Ukulele
The ukulele (/ˌjuːkəˈleɪli/ YOO-kə-LAY-lee; Hawaiian: [ʔukulele]), also called a uke (informally), is a member of the lute (ancient guitar) family of instruments. The ukulele is of Portuguese origin and was popularized in Hawaii. The tone and volume of the instrument vary with size and construction. Ukuleles commonly come in four sizes: soprano, concert, tenor, and baritone.

Ukuleles generally have four nylon strings  tuned to GCEA (except baritone, which is normally tuned DGBE). They have 16–22 frets depending on the size.
Célestin Bergevin
Célestin Bergevin (September 7, 1832 – July 17, 1910) was a farmer and political figure in Quebec. He represented Beauharnois in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1867 to 1871 and from 1878 to 1886 as a Conservative member.

He was born in Saint-Timothée, Lower Canada, the son of Pierre Bergevin and Angélique Mercier. Bergevin was mayor of Saint-Clément-de-Beauharnois from 1878 to 1882. He was also a justice of the peace and harbour master for Valleyfield. In 1857, he married Marie Salomae May. Bergevin was defeated by George-Étienne Cartier when he ran for reelection in 1871, also losing by-elections in 1873 and 1875. He was successful in 1878 and 1881 but defeated again in 1886. Bergevin died in Salaberry-de-Valleyfield at the age of 77.

His cousins Achille Bergevin and Arthur Plante, and his uncle Moïse Plante were also elected to represent Beauharnois in the Quebec assembly.

Salaberry-de-Valleyfield
Salaberry-de-Valleyfield (French pronunciation: [salabɛʁi də valefiɫd]) is a city in southwestern Quebec, Canada, in the Regional County Municipality of Beauharnois-Salaberry. The population as of 2021 was 42,410.

The historic downtown is a major touristic centre for the area.

Due to the presence of Lake St. Francis on the St. Lawrence River, St. Francis Bay in downtown, and of numerous rivers and canals all over the town, the city is nicknamed "The Venice of Quebec".