hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Suryakant Lavande
Suryakant Lavande was an Indian cinematographer who worked primarily in Marathi cinema, occasionally in Hindi and Gujarati cinema. He received the V. Shantaram Lifetime Achievement Award from the Government of Maharashtra for his work in cinematography.

Samna (film)
Samna is a 1974 Indian Marathi-language crime drama film directed by Jabbar Patel and written by Vijay Tendulkar. The film starring Mohan Agashe, Nilu Phule, Shriram Lagoo, and Smita Patil in key roles. It was entered into the 25th Berlin International Film Festival and also won National Film Award for Best Marathi Feature Film at 23rd National Film Awards.

Samna was Jabbar Patel's debut Marathi film, featuring a screenplay and dialogue by Vijay Tendulkar in his first independent project, initially struggled to engage audiences.  However, a German delegation recognized the performances of Nilu Phule and Shreeram Lagoo, leading to the film's selection for the Berlin Film Festival. This international acknowledgment, combined with positive word-of-mouth, contributed to its successful re-release in 1975. Ultimately, the film garnered significant acclaim, winning three national awards, seven Maharashtra State awards, and three Filmfare awards.
Urysohn's lemma
In topology, Urysohn's lemma is a lemma that states that a topological space is normal if and only if any two disjoint closed subsets can be separated by a continuous function.

Urysohn's lemma is commonly used to construct continuous functions with various properties on normal spaces. It is widely applicable since all metric spaces and all compact Hausdorff spaces are normal. The lemma is generalised by (and usually used in the proof of) the Tietze extension theorem.

The lemma is named after the mathematician Pavel Samuilovich Urysohn.

Disjoint sets
In set theory in mathematics and formal logic, two sets are said to be disjoint sets if they have no element in common. Equivalently, two disjoint sets are sets whose intersection is the empty set. For example, {1, 2, 3} and {4, 5, 6} are disjoint sets, while {1, 2, 3} and {3, 4, 5} are not disjoint. A collection of two or more sets is called disjoint if any two distinct sets of the collection are disjoint.
Namma Makkalu
Namma Makkalu (pronunciationⓘ transl. Our Children) is a 1969 Indian Kannada film, directed by R. Nagendra Rao and produced by Harini. The film stars Chandrashekar, K. S. Ashwath, Pandari Bai, KM Jayashree, and Amarnath in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Vijaya Bhaskar.

K. S. Ashwath
Karaganahalli Subbaraya Ashwathanarayana (25 March 1925 – 18 January 2010) was an Indian veteran actor who appeared in Kannada films. He appeared in over 370 films during his five-decade-long career. His memorial is in the Kengeri satellite town, Bengaluru. Memorial name - "K. S. Ashwath Memorial Children's Park".
Bag-in-box
A bag-in-box or BiB is a container for the storage and transportation of liquids. It consists of a strong bladder (or plastic bag), usually made of several layers of metallised film or other plastics, seated inside a corrugated fiberboard box. The BiB is used because of its easy transportation and ability to dispense liquids. It is mainly used in the food industry for transporting condiments and drinks, for transporting liquid chemicals, and for dispensing fertilizer for various farming practices.

Storage of wine
Storage of wine is an important consideration for wine that is being kept for long-term aging. While most wine is consumed within 24 hours of purchase, fine wines are often set aside for long-term storage. Wine is one of the few commercial product that can improve in flavour and value with age, but it can also rapidly deteriorate if kept in inadequate conditions.

The three factors that have the most direct impact on a wine's condition are light, humidity, and temperature. Historically, the storage of wine was handled by wine merchants. Since the mid-20th century, however, consumers have been increasingly storing their own wine in home-based wine cellars.
Areal Technology
Areal Technology, Inc., was an American hard disk drive manufacturer active from 1987 to 1999. The company was the first to produce hard drives employing glass as the substrate for their platters, allowing for significantly higher data densities and greater shock resistance. Other hard drives manufacturers across the board soon followed suit with this approach. In 1993, Areal was sold to Tomen Electronics and Sanyo, who operated the company as a joint venture. Areal continued as a subsidiary until 1999.

Polycarbonate
Polycarbonates (PC) are a group of thermoplastic polymers containing carbonate groups in their chemical structures. Polycarbonates used in engineering are strong, tough materials, and some grades are optically transparent. They are easily worked, molded, and thermoformed.  Because of these properties, polycarbonates find many applications. Polycarbonates do not have a unique resin identification code (RIC) and are identified as "Other", 7 on the RIC list. Products made from polycarbonate can contain the precursor monomer bisphenol A (BPA).
Dorling Kindersley
Dorling Kindersley Limited (branded as DK) is a British multinational publishing company specialising in illustrated reference books for adults and children in 63 languages. 
It is part of Penguin Random House, a subsidiary of German media conglomerate Bertelsmann.
Established in 1974, DK publishes a range of titles in genres including travel (including DK Eyewitness Travel), history, geography, science, space, nature, sports, gardening, cookery, parenting and many others. DK has offices in New York, Melbourne, London, Munich, New Delhi, Toronto, Madrid, Beijing, and Jiangmen.
DK works with licensing partners such as Disney, LEGO, DC Comics, the Royal Horticultural Society, MasterChef, and the Smithsonian Institution. 
DK has commissioned authors such as Mary Berry, Monty Don, Robert Winston, Huw Richards, and Steve Mould for a range of books.

Bertelsmann
Bertelsmann SE & Co. KGaA, commonly known as Bertelsmann (German pronunciation: [ˈbɛʁtl̩sˌman] ⓘ), is a German private multinational conglomerate corporation based in Gütersloh, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is one of the world's largest media conglomerates and is also active in the service sector and education.

Bertelsmann was founded as a publishing house by Carl Bertelsmann in 1835. After World War II, Bertelsmann, under the leadership of Reinhard Mohn, went from being a medium-sized enterprise to a major conglomerate, offering not only books but also television, radio, music, magazines and services. Its principal divisions include the RTL Group, Penguin Random House, BMG, Arvato, the Bertelsmann Marketing Services, the Bertelsmann Education Group and Bertelsmann Investments.

Bertelsmann is an unlisted and capital market-oriented company, which remains primarily controlled by the Mohn family.
Fusion adaptive resonance theory
Fusion adaptive resonance theory (fusion ART) is a generalization of self-organizing neural networks known as the original Adaptive Resonance Theory models for learning recognition categories across multiple pattern channels. There is a separate stream of work on fusion ARTMAP, that extends fuzzy ARTMAP consisting of two fuzzy ART modules connected by an inter-ART map field to an extended architecture consisting of multiple ART modules.

Fusion ART unifies a number of neural model designs and supports a myriad of learning paradigms, notably unsupervised learning, supervised learning, reinforcement learning, multimodal learning, and sequence learning. In addition, various extensions have been developed for domain knowledge integration, memory representation, and modelling of high level cognition.

Multimodal learning
Multimodal learning is a type of deep learning that integrates and processes multiple types of data, referred to as  modalities, such as text, audio, images, or video. This integration allows for a more holistic understanding of complex data, improving model performance in tasks like visual question answering, cross-modal retrieval, text-to-image generation, aesthetic ranking, and image captioning.

Large multimodal models, such as Google Gemini and GPT-4o, have become increasingly popular since 2023, enabling increased versatility and a broader understanding of real-world phenomena.
Rap Shit
Rap Shit (stylized as Rap Sh!t) is an American comedy television series created by Issa Rae for HBO Max. The show is produced by Hoorae Productions and 3 Arts Entertainment and centers on two Miami-based rappers (portrayed by Aida Osman and KaMillion) who try to find success in the music industry. The series debuted at the American Black Film Festival on June 18, 2022, and was released on July 21, 2022. It was renewed for a second season in September 2022, which premiered on November 9, 2023. The season was originally set to debut on August 10, 2023, but was delayed due to the 2023 SAG-AFTRA strike. In January 2024, the series was canceled after two seasons.

Television comedy
Television comedy is a category of broadcasting that has been present since the early days of entertainment media. While there are several genres of comedy, some of the first ones aired were variety shows. One of the first United States television programs was the comedy-variety show Texaco Star Theater, which was most prominent in the years that it featured Milton Berle (from 1948 to 1956). The range of television comedy has become broader, with the addition of sitcoms, improvisational comedy, and stand-up comedy, while also adding comedic aspects into other television genres, including drama and news. Television comedy provides opportunities for viewers to relate the content in these shows to society. Some audience members may have similar views about certain comedic aspects of shows, while others will take different perspectives. This also relates to developing new social norms, sometimes acting as the medium that introduces these transitions.
Phang Nga Bay
Phang Nga Bay (Thai: อ่าวพังงา, RTGS: ao phangnga [ʔàːw pʰāŋ.ŋāː]) is a 400 km2 (150 sq mi) bay in the Andaman Sea between the island of Phuket and the mainland of the Kra Isthmus of southern Thailand. Since 1981, an extensive section of the bay has been protected as the Ao Phang Nga National Park.  The park is in Phang Nga Province, at 8°17′N 98°36′E﻿ / ﻿8.283°N 98.600°E﻿ / 8.283; 98.600.

Limestone cliffs with caves, collapsed cave systems, and archaeological sites are found about Phang Nga Bay.  Around 10,000 years ago, when sea levels were lower, it was possible to walk from Phuket and Krabi.

Andaman Sea
The Andaman Sea (historically also known as the Burma Sea) is a marginal sea of the northeastern Indian Ocean bounded by the coastlines of Myanmar and Thailand along the Gulf of Martaban and the west side of the Malay Peninsula, and separated from the Bay of Bengal to its west by the Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands.  Its southern end is at Breueh Island just north of Sumatra, with the Strait of Malacca further southeast.

Traditionally, the sea has been used for fishery and transportation of goods between the coastal countries and its coral reefs and islands, which are popular tourist destinations.  The fishery and tourist infrastructure was severely damaged by the December 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami.
Diospyros simaloerensis
Charcoal Wood (Diospyros simaloerensis) is a tree in the family Ebenaceae and the genus Diospyros, a genus of deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs. The tree is named for Simeulue Island  in Sumatra.

Ebenaceae
The Ebenaceae are a family of flowering plants belonging to order Ericales. The family includes ebony and persimmon among about 768 species of trees and shrubs. It is distributed across the tropical and warmer temperate regions of the world. It is most diverse in the rainforests of Malesia, India, Thailand, tropical Africa and tropical America.

Many species are valued for their wood, particularly ebony, for fruit, and as ornamental plants.
Mirage Yachts
Mirage Yachts Limited was a Canadian boat builder initially based in Pointe Claire, Quebec, a suburb of Montreal and founded by Dick and Irene Steffen. The company specialized in the manufacture of sailboats.

The company was founded in February 1972 and went out of business in 1989.

Vaudreuil-Dorion
Vaudreuil-Dorion (French pronunciation: [vodʁœj dɔʁjɔ̃]) is a suburb of Greater Montreal, in the Montérégie region of southwestern Quebec, Canada. The result of the merger of two towns, Vaudreuil and Dorion, it is located in the Vaudreuil-Soulanges Regional County Municipality.
Karoo lark
The Karoo lark should not be confused with the similarly named Karoo long-billed lark.

The Karoo lark (Calendulauda albescens)  or red-backed lark is a species of lark in the family Alaudidae. It is endemic to South Africa where its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry shrubland.

Karoo long-billed lark
The Karoo long-billed lark (Certhilauda subcoronata) or Karoo longbill is a species of lark in the family Alaudidae. It is found in southern Africa in its natural habitat of subtropical or tropical dry shrubland.
Mehsampur
Mehsampur (Punjabi: ਮਹਿਸਮਪੁਰ) is a village in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 16 km from Nakodar, 31 km from Phillaur, 40 km from the district headquarters Jalandhar and 140 km from the state capital Chandigarh. The village is administered by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of the village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Jalandhar district
Jalandhar district is a district in Doaba region of the state of Punjab, India. The district headquarters is the city of Jalandhar.

Before the Partition of India, Jalandhar was also the headquarters of the Jalandhar Division, with constituent districts Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur, Ludhiana, Ferozepur and Kangra. The entire Jalandhar Division was awarded to India when Punjab was partitioned.
Tuskaloosa darter
The Tuskaloosa darter (Etheostoma douglasi) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is endemic to Alabama in the United States, where it occurs only in the upper Black Warrior River drainage, with disjunct populations occurring in the Locust Fork system and upper Sipsey Fork systems.

This fish inhabits rocky riffles of creeks and small to medium rivers. Adults typically occur in riffles of streams with moderate to strong current over gravel or cobble substrate.

Etheostomatinae
Etheostomatinae is a species-rich subfamily of freshwater ray-finned fish, the members of which are commonly known as the darters. The subfamily is part of the family Percidae which also includes the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. The family is endemic to North America. It consists of three to five different genera and well over 200 species. A common name for these fish in southern Indiana is pollywog.
FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships 2011 – Men's moguls
The men's moguls competition of the FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships 2011 was held at Deer Valley, United States on February 2, 2011 (qualifications and finals).

35 athletes from 17 countries competed.

Mogul skiing
Mogul skiing, commonly shortened to moguls, is a freestyle skiing competition consisting of one timed run of free skiing on a steep, bumpy course, stressing technical turns, aerial maneuvers and speed. Internationally, the sport is contested at the FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships, and at the Winter Olympic Games.

Moguls are a series of bumps on a piste formed when skiers push snow into mounds as they do sharp turns. This tends to happen naturally as skiers use the slope but they can also be constructed artificially. Once formed, a naturally occurring mogul tends to grow as skiers follow similar paths around it, further deepening the surrounding grooves known as troughs. Since skiing tends to be a series of linked turns, moguls form together to create a bump field.

The term mogul is from the Bavarian/Austrian German word Mugel, meaning 'mound, hillock'.
Susan Duerden
Susan Duerden (born 20 September 1973) is a British actress and audiobook narrator. Her roles include the character of Carole Littleton in the television series Lost. She has performed on television, film, and theater.

Zen (TV series)
Zen is a British television series produced by Left Bank Pictures for the BBC, co-produced with WGBH Boston for its Masterpiece anthology series, Mediaset and ZDF. It stars Rufus Sewell and Caterina Murino and is based on the Aurelio Zen detective novels by Michael Dibdin. The series was filmed on location in Italy, but the dialogue is in English. The series, which comprises three 90-minute films, was broadcast in the United Kingdom on Sunday evenings from 2 January 2011 on BBC One. The three films were based on the books Vendetta (1990), Cabal (1992) and Ratking (1988). The series was cancelled by BBC One in February 2011; BBC One controller Danny Cohen later said there were already enough male crime-fighters on TV. Left Bank, the show's producer, tried to find other broadcasters to fund another series but were unsuccessful.
Château de Grésillon
The Château de Grésillon (Esperanto: Kastelo Greziljono) is situated 250 km to the southwest of Paris in Baugé between Angers, Le Mans and Tours in France.

The nonprofit organization "Cultural House of French Esperanto Speakers," established in 1951, owns the château with an 18 hectare park (about 0.2 square kilometers). It is frequently visited by students of Esperanto from all around the world, especially in summer.

Baugé
Baugé (French pronunciation: [boʒe] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire département in western France. On 1 January 2013, it was merged with the former communes of Montpollin, Pontigné, Saint-Martin-d'Arcé and Le Vieil-Baugé to create the commune of Baugé-en-Anjou. Since then it is a commune déléguée of this commune.
Eid Khidr Elias
Eid Khidr Elias (Arabic: عيد خضر إلياس) is a holiday celebrated by Iraqis, Yazidis, and Turkmens every year in February. The holiday revolves around the mythical figure of al-Khidr. During the holiday, candles are lit and thrown into the Tigris river at sunset, asking for the fulfillment of wishes and prayers. Ziyarat are practiced to the shrine of al-Khidr, located in Shawaka on the banks of the Tigris in Baghdad, Iraq. Social gatherings also occur. The holiday is also significant within Iraqi Yazidis in Northern Iraq and other Yazidis. Due to the significance of al-Khidr in Yazidi lore, the holiday is celebrated in the second week of February, typically called "purity week" of each year according to the Yazidi Eastern calendar. Fasting, special meals, and community activities are special features that Yazidis observe during the holiday.

Yazidis in Iraq
Yazidis in Iraq are adherents of Yazidism from Iraq who reside mainly in the districts of Shekhan, Simele, Zakho and Tel Kaif, in Bashiqa and Bahzani, and the areas around Sinjar mountains in Sinjar district. According to estimates, the number of Yazidis in Iraq is up to 700,000. According to the Yazda aid organization, just over half a million Yazidis lived throughout Iraq before August 2014.
Duggirala
Duggirala is a village in Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the mandal headquarters of Duggirala mandal in Tenali revenue division. It is one of the major turmeric trading centres in the country.

Tenali revenue division
Tenali revenue division is an administrative division in the Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It comprises 8 mandals and is one of the two revenue divisions in the district, along with Guntur. Tenali serves as the headquarters of the division.
Datafication
Datafication is a technological trend turning many aspects of our life into data, which is then  converted into information, thereby manifesting as a new form of value. This concept was introduced to the broader lexicon in 2013 by Kenneth Cukier and Viktor Mayer-Schönberger. Prior to this, datafication had been predominantly associated with the analysis of representations of our lives captured through data, but not on the present scale. This transformation can be attributed to the impact of big data and the computational opportunities afforded to predictive analytics.

Datafication is not the same as digitization, which takes analog content—books, films, photographs—and converts it into digital information, a sequence of ones and zeros that computers can read. Datafication is a far broader activity: taking all aspects of life and turning them into data [...] Once we datafy things, we can transform their purpose and turn the information into new forms of value

Kenneth Cukier
Kenneth Neil Cukier (born 1968) is an American journalist and author of books on technology and society. He is best known for his work at The Economist and the book Big Data: A Revolution that Will Transform How We Work, Live and Think, coauthored with Viktor Mayer-Schönberger and published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt in 2013.
This Was a Woman
This Was a Woman is a 1948 British crime film directed by Tim Whelan and starring Sonia Dresdel, Walter Fitzgerald and Emrys Jones. It was written by Val Valentine from a treatment by based on a successful play by former film actress Joan Morgan. Its plot concerns an outwardly respectable family dominated by a murderous matriarch.

Val Valentine
Val Valentine (1895–1971) was a British screenwriter.

Val Guest said he was "a larger-than-life character who won the VC and Christ knows what else. He was a large lively man, always brimming with ideas, some awful, some of which were very funny, many of which we used."
OpenEmu
OpenEmu is an open-source multi-system video game emulator designed for macOS. It provides a plugin interface to emulate numerous consoles' hardware, such as the Nintendo Entertainment System, Genesis, Game Boy, and many more. The architecture allows for other developers to add new cores to the base system without the need to account for specific macOS APIs.

Version 1.0 was released on December 23, 2013, after a lengthy beta testing period. Numerous incremental updates have been released since then, with plans to incorporate support for more consoles in future releases. Some of these in-development cores are available to download in an optional "experimental" cores build (released alongside the regular, "standard" version), containing support for arcade systems using MAME.

Branching (version control)
Branching, in version control and software configuration management, is the duplication of an object under version control (such as a source code file or a directory tree). Each object can thereafter be modified separately and in parallel so that the objects become different. In this context the objects are called branches. The users of the version control system can branch any branch.

Branches are also known as trees, streams or codelines. The originating branch is sometimes called the parent branch, the upstream branch (or simply upstream, especially if the branches are maintained by different organizations or individuals), or the backing stream.