hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vladimir Masorin
Vladimir Vasilyevich Masorin (born 24 August 1947) is a retired Russian admiral of the fleet who was Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy from 2005 to 2007. He was previously the Chief of the Main Staff and First Deputy Commander-in-Chief in 2005, and commanded the Black Sea Fleet from 2002 to 2005 and the Caspian Flotilla from 1996 to 2002. He was commissioned from the Nakhimov Black Sea Higher Naval School in Crimea in 1970, and commanded two destroyers, a destroyer brigade, and a squadron before reaching higher command. Masorin also graduated from the Grechko Naval Academy and the Russian General Staff Academy. As the head of the Russian navy he oversaw increased cooperation with NATO countries, for which he was made a Commander of the Legion of Merit by the United States.

Operation Active Endeavour
Operation Active Endeavour was a maritime operation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It operated in the Mediterranean Sea and was designed to prevent the movement of terrorists or weapons of mass destruction. It had collateral benefits in enhanced security of shipping in general. It was one of the first military actions taken by NATO in response to an invocation of Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty which provides for collective defense and the first-ever operation conducted by the Alliance in direct application of the defense clause of the Treaty. In November 2016 it was replaced by the non-Article-5 Operation Sea Guardian.
Royal studies
Royal studies is the academic research of the institution of monarchy across time and place including dynasties or royal families, relations with the nobility, aristocracies and commoners, royal courts, the relationship between monarchy and religion and the theory and practice of rulership.

Aristocracy
Aristocracy (from Ancient Greek  ἀριστοκρατίᾱ (aristokratíā) 'rule of the best'; from  ἄριστος (áristos) 'best' and  κράτος (krátos) 'power, strength') is a form of government that places power in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class, the aristocrats.

Across Europe, the aristocracy exercised immense economic, political, and social influence. In Western Christian countries, the aristocracy was mostly equal with magnates, also known as the titled or higher nobility, however the members of the more numerous social class, the untitled lower nobility (petty nobility or gentry) were not part of the aristocracy.
Vinička Vas
Vinička Vas (pronounced [ʋiˈniːtʃka ˈʋaːs]; Slovene: Vinička vas) is a settlement in the Municipality of Lenart in northeastern Slovenia. It lies in the Slovene Hills (Slovene: Slovenske gorice) southwest of Hrastovec. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.

A small chapel in the settlement dates to the early 20th century.

Drava Statistical Region
The Drava Statistical Region (Slovene: podravska statistična regija) is a statistical region in Slovenia. The largest city in the region is Maribor. The region's name comes from the Drava River and includes land on both banks along its course through Slovenia as well as the Pohorje mountains in the northeast of the region. The Drava is used for the production of hydroelectricity and the fertile land around it is used for agriculture. The share of job vacancies in all available jobs is among the highest in Slovenia and the region has a positive net migration rate but a very high natural decrease, which means an overall decrease in the population.
South Harting
South Harting is a village within Harting civil parish in the Chichester district of West Sussex, England. It lies on the B2146 road, 4 miles (6.4 km) southeast of Petersfield in Hampshire.

South Harting has two churches, one Anglican and one Congregational, plus a school and a pub. Recorded history dates from Norman times.

The National Trust property Uppark sits high on the South Downs, 1 mile (1.6 km) south of the village on the B2146.

Petersfield
Petersfield is a market town and civil parish in the East Hampshire district of Hampshire, England. It is 15 miles (24 km) north of Portsmouth. The town has its own railway station on the Portsmouth Direct line, the mainline rail link connecting Portsmouth and London. Situated below the northern slopes of the South Downs, Petersfield lies wholly within the South Downs National Park.

The town is on the crossroads of well-used north–south (formerly the A3 road which now bypasses the town) and east–west routes (today the A272 road) and it grew as a coach stop on the Portsmouth to London route. Petersfield is twinned with Barentin in France, and Warendorf in Germany.
Miraj Islamic School
Miraj Islamic School is a private Islamic school and community center in Tompkinsville area of Staten Island, New York. The school opened its doors in 1999 to only a handful of students and now serves approximately 266 students from Pre-kindergarten through 12th grade. It graduated its first class in 2011 with 14 students.

Pre-kindergarten
Pre-kindergarten (also called pre-K or PK) is a voluntary classroom-based preschool program for children below the age of five in the United States, Canada, Turkey and Greece (when kindergarten starts). It may be delivered through a preschool or within a reception year in elementary school. Pre-kindergartens play an important role in early childhood education. They have existed in the US since 1922, normally run by private organizations. The U.S. Head Start program, the country's first federally funded pre-kindergarten program, was founded in 1967. This attempts to prepare children (especially disadvantaged children) to succeed in school.
Georgian football clubs in European competitions
Georgian football clubs have competed in European football tournaments since 1972–73 season, when Dinamo Tbilisi took part in UEFA Cup. At the time Georgian clubs were representing the Soviet Union. After gaining independence in 1991, clubs took part in the UEFA Champions League (formerly European Cup), UEFA Europa League (formerly UEFA Cup), UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and UEFA Intertoto Cup. Georgian clubs have been qualifying to European competitions through the Erovnuli Liga and Georgian Cup.

The biggest achievement of Georgian club football is winning UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1981 by Dinamo Tbilisi.

Georgian Cup
The Georgian Cup (Georgian: საქართველოს თასი) is the main annual association football knockout cup competition in Georgia. It is organized by the Georgian Football Federation (GFF) and is open to clubs of all divisions. The tournament was established in 1990 alongside the formation of the independent Georgian national league, and since 1993 has been officially named the David Kipiani Cup in honor of the famous Georgian footballer David Kipiani.

The winner qualifies for the UEFA Europa Conference League and also competes in the Georgian Super Cup against the national league champion.
Laccoptera nepalensis
Laccoptera nepalensis is a species of beetle of the Chrysomelidae family. This species is found in China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Taiwan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.

Adults have a triangular body. The pronotum yellowish-brown or brown, usually with two small black spots. The ground colour of the elytral disc is yellowish-brown or brown. The disc has a number of spots.

Elytron
An elytron (/ˈɛlɪtrɒn/; from Ancient Greek  ἔλυτρον (élutron) 'sheath, cover'; pl.: elytra,  /ˈɛlɪtrə/) is a modified, hardened forewing of beetles (Coleoptera), though a few of the true bugs (Hemiptera) such as the family Schizopteridae are extremely similar; in true bugs, the forewings are called hemelytra (sometimes alternatively spelled as "hemielytra"), and in most species only the basal half is thickened while the apex is membranous, but when they are entirely thickened the condition is referred to as "coleopteroid". An elytron is sometimes also referred to as a shard.
MV American Courage
MV American Courage is a diesel-powered lake freighter owned and operated by Grand River Navigation. This vessel was built in 1979 at Bay Shipbuilding Company, Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin and included self-unloading technology.

The ship is 635 feet (194 m) long and 68 feet (21 m) wide, with a carrying capacity of 24,300 gross tonnage (GT) at midsummer draft. The vessel carries a variety of cargoes including limestone, coal or iron ore.

Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin
Sturgeon Bay is a city in Door County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. The population was 9,646 at the 2020 census. Located at the bay of Sturgeon Bay for which it is named, it is the most populous city on the Door Peninsula, a popular Upper Midwest vacation destination.
Thomas Russell (Glasgow MP)
Thomas Russell (1836 – 15 August 1911) was a Scottish businessman and politician. He was a partner in the Saracen Foundry, established by his brother-in-law Walter Macfarlane, and bought the Ascog House estate in Bute. He also built a Glasgow city house at 5 Cleveden Road, completed in 1887, and developed housing in Ascog.

Russell was Member of Parliament for Buteshire in 1880. He was also Liberal MP for Glasgow for a few months in 1885. He was returned unopposed at a by-election.

The seat was abolished at the next general election.

Ascog House
Ascog House is a large 17th-century mansion house at Ascog on the Isle of Bute, southwest Scotland. The house is in the care of the Landmark Trust, and is protected as a category B listed building. Balmory Hall lies just to the west of the house.
Mariakerke, East Flanders
Mariakerke (Dutch pronunciation: [maːˈrijaːˌkɛrkə]) is a sub-municipality of the city of Ghent located in the province of East Flanders, Flemish Region, Belgium. It was a separate municipality until 1977. On 1 January 1977, it was merged into Ghent.

Fusion of the Belgian municipalities
The fusion of the Belgian municipalities (French: fusion des communes, Dutch: fusie van Belgische gemeenten) was a Belgian political process that rationalized and reduced the number of municipalities in Belgium between 1964 and 1983. In 1961, there were 2,663 such municipalities; by 1983, these had been re-arranged and combined into 589 larger municipalities.
Samuel Train Dutton
Samuel Train Dutton (October 1849 – March 28, 1919) was the superintendent of schools at Teachers College, Columbia University. He was a founder of the New York Peace Society and the treasurer of the American College for Girls at Constantinople.

New York Peace Society
The New York Peace Society was the first peace society to be established in the United States. It has had several different incarnations, as it has merged into other organizations or dissolved and then been re-created.
Mancinelli
Mancinelli is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Antonio Mancinelli (1452–1505), Italian humanist, grammarian and rhetorician

Daniel Mancinelli (born 1988), Italian racing driver

Dusty Mancinelli, Canadian film director

Giuseppe Mancinelli (painter) (1813–1875), Italian painter

Graziano Mancinelli (1937–1992), Italian show jumping rider

Gustavo Mancinelli (1842–1906), Italian painter

Joseph Mancinelli (born 1957), Canadian trade unionist

Laura Mancinelli (1933-2016), Italian writer and medievalist

Luigi Mancinelli (1848–1921), Italian classical composer and conductor

Marco Mancinelli (born 1982), Italian footballer

Raniero Mancinelli, Italian tailor

Roberto Mancinelli (disambiguation)

Stefano Mancinelli (born 1983), Italian basketball player

Laura Mancinelli
Laura Mancinelli OMRI (18 December 1933 – 7 July 2016) was an Italian writer, Germanist, medievalist and university professor.

Mancinelli also wrote academic texts, children's books, essays (numerous of medieval history), and novels.
Philharmonic Hall
Philharmonic Hall also known as Philharmonie refers to concert halls that have an in-house orchestra:

Elbphilharmonie, Hamburg, Germany

Gewandhaus Philharmonie, Augustusplatz, Leipzig, Germany

Berliner Philharmonie, Berlin, Germany

Philharmonic Hall, Cologne, Germany

David Geffen Hall at the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, New York, US; known as Philharmonic Hall at its opening in 1962, renamed for Avery Fisher in 1973, and renamed for David Geffen in 2015

Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Hall in Baku, Azerbaijan

Philharmonic Hall, Liverpool, UK

Philharmonic Hall, London, UK

Petronas Philharmonic Hall, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Petronas Philharmonic Hall
The Petronas Philharmonic Hall (Malay: Dewan Filharmonik Petronas) is Malaysia's first concert hall built specifically for classical music. It is the home of the Malaysian Philharmonic Orchestra (MPO), and has hosted many of the world's leading orchestras such as New York Philharmonic, Philadelphia Orchestra, BBC Symphony and Vienna Symphony.

The concert hall was designed by Cesar Pelli based on the inspiration from the traditional shoebox shape of the 19th century European classical music halls. It has the capacity to accommodate for 920 seats which includes box seats, corporate suites and a royal suite. The stage floor is designed for flexibility, has an approximate area of 297m2, and can be extended to 369m2. The orchestra pit was designed to accommodate up to 45 musicians but can accommodate more with the existing stage extension.
Sadiqabad, Punjab
Sadiqabad (Punjabi/Urdu: صادق آباد) is a city and capital of Sadiqabad Tehsil in Rahim Yar Khan District, Punjab province of Pakistan.

It is situated at the border of Sindh and Punjab. According to the 2023 Pakistani census, it is the 32nd  largest city of Pakistan with a population of 274,210.

Sadiqabad Tehsil
Sadiqabad (Urdu: تحصیل صادق آباد) is a tehsil located in Rahim Yar Khan District, Punjab province of Pakistan situated at the border of Sindh and Punjab. It is located on the east bank of the Indus River.
Dennis Cambal
Dennis Hayden Cambal (January 27, 1949 – September 9, 2018) was an American professional football player for the National Football League (NFL)'s New York Jets. He played the running back position in college at William & Mary.  He was selected by the Oakland Raiders in the 14th round of the 1972 NFL draft and was placed on their taxi squad for the 1972 season but then was cut.  The Jets signed him as a free agent before the 1973 season and he made the team, playing in eight games mostly as a tight end and on special teams. He missed five games in October and November due to an injury he suffered in the Jets' October 21 game against the Pittsburgh Steelers.  In 1974, he crossed the Jets' picket line during the 1974 NFL strike during the preseason, but was waived before the regular season started.

He died on September 9, 2018, in Barnstable, Massachusetts at age 69.

Barnstable, Massachusetts
Barnstable (/ˈbɑːrnstəbəl/ BARN-stə-bəl) is a town on Cape Cod in Massachusetts and the county seat of Barnstable County. Barnstable is the largest community, both in land area and population, on Cape Cod, and is one of thirteen Massachusetts municipalities that have been granted city forms of government by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts but wish to retain "the town of" in their official names. At the 2020 census it had a population of 48,916. The town contains several villages (one of which is also named Barnstable) within its boundaries. Its largest village, Hyannis, is the central business district of the Cape, and home to Barnstable Municipal Airport, the airline hub of Cape Cod and the islands of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket. Additionally, Barnstable is a 2007 winner of the All-America City Award.
Matthew Rowlinson
Matthew Rowlinson (born 1956) is a Canadian scholar and political candidate. He is professor and former chair of graduate studies in English at the University of Western Ontario. Rowlinson is known for his research on the relationship between literature and economics.

He has run as a candidate for Canada's federal parliament as a NDP candidate in London, Ontario in 2015.

Economics of the arts and literature
Economics of the arts and literature  or cultural economics (used below for convenience) is a branch of economics that studies the economics of creation, distribution, and the consumption of works of art, literature and similar creative and/or cultural products.   For a long time, the concept of the "arts" were confined to visual arts (e.g., painting) and performing arts (music, theatre, dance) in the Anglo-Saxon tradition. Usage has widened since the beginning of the 1980s with the study of cultural industry (cinema, television programs, book and periodical publishing and music publishing) and the economy of cultural institutions (museums, libraries, historic buildings).  The field is coded as JEL: Z11 in the Journal of Economic Literature classification system used for article searches.
National Marionette Theatre
The National Marionette Theatre (Czech: Národní divadlo marionet, NDM) is a theatre company devoted to puppetry performances, located in the Old Town neighborhood of Prague, Czech Republic. The company has been active since June 1991, but uses a historical puppetry space called Říše loutek (Kingdom of the Puppets) that dates to at least 1929, when it hosted the founding of the Union Internationale de la Marionnette

The company generally stages adaptations of classic opera and theatre, with the most successful serial production thus far being Don Giovanni, which uses period costume and has a run of over 6500.  There are shows nearly every evening.  Due to the popularity of the production and the steady demand from the tourist market, additional companies have recently been developed in the area, in some cases trading on their similarity to the original NDM.

Old Town (Prague)
The Old Town of Prague (Czech: Staré Město pražské, German: Prager Altstadt) is a medieval settlement of Prague, Czech Republic. It was separated from the outside by a semi-circular moat and wall, connected to the Vltava river at both of its ends. The moat is now covered up by the streets (from north to south-west) Revoluční, Na Příkopě, and Národní — which remain the official boundary of the cadastral community of Old Town. It is now part of Prague 1.

Notable places in the Old Town include Old Town Square and Astronomical Clock. The Old Town is surrounded by the New Town of Prague. Across the river Vltava connected by the Charles Bridge is the Lesser Town of Prague (Czech: Malá Strana). The former Jewish Town (Josefov) is located in the northwest corner of Old Town heading towards the Vltava.
McKenzie Windmill
McKenzie Windmill is a historic windmill on Tennessee State Route 58 in Georgetown, Tennessee.

The windmill was built in 1931 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. At the time of its listing, it was the only windmill in Meigs County.

Tennessee State Route 58
State Route 58 (SR 58), also locally called "Highway 58", is a north–south state highway in the U.S. state of Tennessee that serves as a major route for many communities in Roane, Meigs, and Hamilton counties.

The section of SR 58 in Chattanooga between SR 153 and Ochs Highway is a largely unsigned secondary alignment following other state and local roads before becoming a primary route toward the north of the city.

SR 58 joins I-40 for part of its route in Roane County, from the Kingston exit (352) east to the Oak Ridge exit (356) west of Oak Ridge.
Rogelio Montemayor Seguy
Rogelio Montemayor Seguy (born August 18, 1947 Mexico City) is a Mexican politician and economist who served as the Governor of Coahuila from December 1, 1993, to November 30, 1999.

In December 1999, Montemayor was appointed the director general of Pemex, the state-owned petroleum company, following the resignation of his predecessor, Adrian Lajous Vargas.

Director general
A director general, general director or director-general (plural: directors general, general directors, directors-general, director generals or director-generals) is a senior executive officer, often the chief executive officer, within a governmental, statutory, NGO, third sector or not-for-profit institution. The term is commonly used in many countries worldwide, but with various meanings.
Butterfly and Sword
Butterfly and Sword (新流星蝴蝶劍), also known as Butterfly Sword on home media releases, is a 1993 Hong Kong wuxia film adapted from the novel Liuxing Hudie Jian by Gu Long. Directed by Michael Mak, with action directed by Ching Siu-tung, the film starred Tony Leung, Michelle Yeoh, Jimmy Lin, Joey Wong and Donnie Yen.

Gu Long
Xiong Yaohua (7 June 1938 – 21 September 1985), better known by his pen name Gu Long, was a Taiwanese novelist, screenwriter, film producer and director. Born in Hong Kong and educated at Cheng Kung Senior High School and Tamkang University in Taiwan, he is best known for writing wuxia novels, among which his best known works are Juedai Shuangjiao, the Xiaoli Feidao Series, the Chu Liuxiang Series, the Lu Xiaofeng Series, and The Eleventh Son. Some of them have been adapted into films and television series. In the 1980s, he started his own film studio to produce film adaptations of his works.
Bodil Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role
The Bodil Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role (Danish: Bodilprisen for bedste mandlige hovedrolle) is one of the merit categories presented annually by the Danish Film Critics Association at the Bodil Awards. Created in 1948, it is one of the oldest film awards in Europe, and it honours the best performance by an actor in a leading role in a Danish produced film. The jury can decide not to hand out the award. This has happened five times, in 1952, 1970, 1976, 1985, and in 1986.

Ulrich Thomsen
Ulrich Thomsen (born 6 December 1963) is a Danish actor and filmmaker, known for his role of Christian in the 1998 film The Celebration and for the role of Kai Proctor in the Cinemax original series Banshee (2013–2016).
Puesto Arbilla
The Arbilla Post is a sector of the La Florida estate located in the valley of Laguna del Desierto where the homonymous outpost of Carabineros de Chile was established, belonging to the Lago O'Higgins detachment. On November 6, 1965, Lieutenant Hernán Merino Correa died in a clash with the Argentine National Gendarmerie during the Laguna del Desierto dispute between the two countries.

Currently, near the location of the events, there is a place called "Sovereignty Square" with signs recounting the events.

O'Higgins/San Martín Lake
The lake known as O'Higgins in Chile  and San Martín in Argentina is located around coordinates 48°50′S 72°36′W﻿ / ﻿48.833°S 72.600°W﻿ / -48.833; -72.600 in Patagonia, between the Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region and the Santa Cruz Province.
Clerc
Clerc is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Albert Clerc, French chess player

Aurélien Clerc, Swiss cyclist

François Clerc, French footballer

José Luis Clerc, Argentine tennis player

Jub Clerc, Australian filmmaker

Julien Clerc, French singer

Laurent Clerc, teacher, co-founder of the first school for the deaf in North America

Maurice Clerc (mathematician), French mathematician

Maurice Clerc (organist), French organist

Mialitiana Clerc (born 2001), Malagasy alpine skier

Onésime Clerc, Swiss born Russian naturalist

Vincent Clerc, French rugby union player

Julien Clerc
Paul-Alain Auguste Leclerc (born 4 October 1947), better known by his stage name Julien Clerc (pronounced [ʒyljɛ̃ klɛʁ]), is a French singer-songwriter.

He rose to fame with his song "La cavalerie" (1968), that captured the "rebellious essence" of those times and became an anthem of the French youth. Among Clerc's most known songs are "Ce n'est rien" (1971), "Si on chantait" (1972), "Ma préférence" (1978), "Femmes... Je vous aime" (1982), "Mélissa" (1984), "Hélène" (1987), "Fais-moi une place" (1990).