hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
A Perfect Enemy
A Perfect Enemy is a 2020 psychological thriller directed by Kike Maíllo based on Amélie Nothomb's novel The Enemy's Cosmetique. The film is a Spanish-German-French international co-production starring Tomasz Kot and Athena Strates alongside Marta Nieto and Dominique Pinon.

Tomasz Kot
Tomasz Kot (Polish pronunciation: [ˈtɔmaʂ ˈkɔt]; born 21 April 1977) is a Polish film, television, and theatre actor. He has appeared in more than 30 films and 26 plays as well as dozens of television series. He received the Polish Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in 2014 film Gods.
Viva Republica
Viva Republica Inc. (Korean: 주식회사 비바리퍼블리카) is a South Korean technology company active in lending, payment services, financial services and stock brokerage. It is the operator of the financial super-app Toss, which had over 20 million users in South Korea in 2021. With a valuation of $7.4 billion, it was one of the most valuable unicorns in South Korea.

Super app
A super app or super-app (also called everything app) is a mobile or web application that can provide multiple services including payment and instant messaging services, effectively becoming an all-encompassing, self-contained, commerce and communication online platform that embraces many aspects of personal and commercial life. Notable examples of super apps include Tencent's WeChat in China, Tata Neu in India, Grab in Southeast Asia and Max in Russia.

For end users, a super app is an application that provides a set of core features while also giving access to independently developed miniapps. For app developers, a super app is an application integrated with the capabilities of platforms and ecosystems that allows third-parties to develop and publish miniapps.
Vegar Eggen Hedenstad
Vegar Eggen Hedenstad (born 26 June 1991) is a Norwegian professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Norwegian First Division club Vålerenga. Hedenstad has been capped at international level for Norway

Vålerenga Fotball
Vålerenga Fotball (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈvôːɽɛŋɑ] ⓘ) is a Norwegian professional football club from Oslo, and a part of the multi-sport club Vålerengens IF. The club currently competes in the Eliteserien after being promoted from the Norwegian First Division in 2024. Founded in 1913, the club is named after the neighbourhood of Vålerenga. Vålerenga's home ground is Intility Arena, located in Valle-Hovin. Vålerenga are five-time league champions and four-time Norwegian Football Cup champions, having last won the league in 2005 and the cup in 2008. Vålerenga is generally considered to be the largest football club in Oslo, and they are known for their loyal supporters.
Christoph Deutschmann
Christoph Deutschmann (born 15 November 1946 in Stuttgart) is a German sociologist. He currently holds a professorship at the University of Tübingen.

Deutschmann studied sociology as a major, with economics and law as minors, at the Goethe University of Frankfurt am Main, graduating (German Diplom) in 1973 and earning his PhD (German Dr.) there in 1975. From 1976 to 1984, he worked as a research assistant at the Institute for Social Research, home of the Frankfurt School and Critical Theory. In 1987, he habilitated in the Social Sciences at Goethe University Frankfurt. Since 1989, he is professor for Social and Behavioural Sciences in Tübingen.

His research is mainly in the field of economic sociology, dealing with the role of money in modernization and for the affluent society; he criticizes money as being the new religion of the secular and capitalist society. Deutschmann is a proponent of Keynesianism suggests to overcome growth imperatives.

University of Frankfurt Institute for Social Research
The University of Frankfurt Institute for Social Research (German: Institut für Sozialforschung, IfS) is a research organization for sociology and continental philosophy, best known as the institutional home of the Frankfurt School and critical theory. Currently a part of Goethe University Frankfurt, it has historically also been affiliated with Columbia University in New York City.
Old Apple Tree Park
The Old Apple Tree was an apple tree in Vancouver, Washington, United States, purported to be the oldest apple tree in the Pacific Northwest.  Genetic testing determined that the apples produced are unique and distantly related to the 500-year-old French Reinette variety.

Reinette
Reinette (French for Little Queen), often Rennet in English, and popular in Italian and Portuguese cuisines as Renetta and Reineta respectively,  is the name of a number of apple cultivars, in the Diel-Lucas and the Diel-Dochnahl apple classification system. 
Reinettes are divided into the following groups.

1. One Colored Reinettes  eg. Ananas Reinette, Reinette Franche, Rhode-Island Greening.

2. Red Reinettes eg. Baumans Reinette, Jonathan

3a. Gold Reinettes striped eg. Blenheim Orange, Cox Orange Pippin, von Zuccalmaglios Reinette.

3b. Gold Reinettes blushed eg. Court of Wick.

4. Gray Reinettes eg. Brownless Russet, Roxbury Russet
Monica Gunnarsson
Monica Gunnarsson (born 22 April 1965) is a Swedish female former racewalking athlete. She was a seven-time participant at the IAAF World Race Walking Cup, racing at every edition from 1983 to 1995. Her best finish at the competition was 14th, achieved in 1991. She also represented her country at the 1987 World Championships in Athletics, where she was sixth overall, and was eighth at the European Athletics Championships in 1986 and 1990. She was a bronze medallist at the 1987 European Athletics Indoor Championships.

Gunnarsson won four times in the Swedish 10 km race walk championships and three time at the Swedish Athletics Championships over 5000 metres race walk. She won four national titles in the 3000 metres race walk at the Swedish Indoor Championships. At regional level at the Nordic Race Walking Championships, she was the junior 5 km champion in 1983 and went on to win minor medals as a senior in 1985 and 1987.

European Athletics Championships
The European Athletics Championships is a biennial (from 2010) athletics event organised by the European Athletic Association and is recognised as the elite continental outdoor athletics championships for Europe.
Timeline of particle physics technology
Timeline of particle physics technology

1896 - Charles Wilson discovers that energetic particles produce droplet tracks in supersaturated gases.

1897-1901 - Discovery of the Townsend discharge by John Sealy Townsend.

1908 - Hans Geiger and Ernest Rutherford use the Townsend discharge principle to detect alpha particles.

1911 - Charles Wilson finishes a sophisticated cloud chamber.

1928 - Hans Geiger and Walther Muller invent the Geiger Muller tube, which is based upon the gas ionisation principle used by Geiger in 1908, but is a practical device that can also detect beta and gamma radiation. This is implicitly also the invention of the Geiger Muller counter.

1934 - Ernest Lawrence and Stan Livingston invent the cyclotron.

1945 - Edwin McMillan devises a synchrotron.

1952 - Donald Glaser develops the bubble chamber.

1968 - Georges Charpak and Roger Bouclier build the first multiwire proportional mode particle detection chamber.

Supersaturation
In physical chemistry, supersaturation occurs with a solution when the concentration of a solute exceeds the concentration specified by the value of solubility at equilibrium. Most commonly the term is applied to a solution of a solid in a liquid, but it can also be applied to liquids and gases dissolved in a liquid. A supersaturated solution is in a metastable state; it may return to equilibrium by separation of the excess of solute from the solution, by dilution of the solution by adding solvent, or by increasing the solubility of the solute in the solvent.
Geography of Algeria
Algeria comprises 2,381,740 square kilometres (919,590 sq mi) of land, more than 80% of which is desert, in North Africa, between Morocco and Tunisia. It is the largest country in Africa. Its Arabic name, Al Jazair (the islands), is believed to derive from the rocky islands along the coastline of the Mediterranean Sea. The northern portion, an area of mountains, valleys, and plateaus between the Mediterranean and the Sahara Desert, forms an integral part of the section of North Africa known as the Maghreb. This area includes Morocco, Tunisia, and the northwestern portion of Libya known historically as Tripolitania.

Tassili n'Ajjer
Tassili n'Ajjer (Berber: Tassili n Ajjer, Arabic: طاسيلي ناجر, romanized: ṭāssīlī naʾjir; "Plateau of rivers") is a mountain range in the Sahara desert, located in south-eastern Algeria. It holds one of the most important groupings of prehistoric cave art in the world and covers an area of more than 72,000 km2 (28,000 sq mi).

The site has been designated a national park and a Biosphere Reserve, and was inducted into the UNESCO World Heritage Site list in 1982.

The literal English translation of Tassili n'Ajjer is 'plateau of rivers'.
Samuel Shimon
Samuel Shimon (born 1956 in Al-Habbaniyah, Iraq) is an Iraqi writer and journalist of Assyrian descent. He left Iraq in 1979 with dreams of becoming a director in Hollywood, and has since then lived in Damascus, Amman, Beirut, Nicosia, Aden, Cairo, Tunis and Paris, before finally settling in London. Along with his wife Margaret Obank, he is a co-founder and, since issue #39, editor of the literary magazine Banipal.

Shimons first novel, Iraqi fi Baris (An Iraqi in Paris) was published in 2005. Boyd Tonkin wrote of the book in The Independent, calling it "an Arabic answer to Miller's Tropic of Cancer".

Boyd Tonkin
Boyd Tonkin Hon. FRSL is an English writer, journalist and literary critic. He was the literary editor of The Independent newspaper from 1996 to 2013. A long-time proponent of foreign-language literature, he is the author of The 100 Best Novels in Translation (2018). He has been involved with leading literary prizes such as the Man Booker International Prize and the Independent Foreign Fiction Prize. In 2020, Tonkin was the recipient of the Benson Medal from the Royal Society of Literature.
Os Eki Pou I Kardia Bori N' Antexi
Os Eki Pou I Kardia Borei N' Antexi (Greek: Ως Εκεί Που Η Καρδιά Μπορεί Ν' Αντέξει; English: As Much As The Heart Can Stand) is the seventh album by Greek singer Natasa Theodoridou. It was released on 19 October 2005 by Sony BMG Greece and received gold certification, selling 20,000 units. The album has a majority of composed songs by popular Greek singer and composer, Michalis Hatzigiannis and it's characterized by the variety of musical sounds.

Michalis Hatzigiannis
Michalis Hatzigiannis (Greek: Μιχάλης Χατζηγιάννης; born 5 November 1978) is a Greek Cypriot singer. He served as the Deputy Minister of Culture for Cyprus under President Christodoulides, from March 1, 2023 until July 11, 2023.

From 2000 to 2010 he received over 30 sales certifications in Greece, making him one of the most successful artists of the decade. He is also known for representing Cyprus in the Eurovision Song Contest in 1998. In 2010, he released his first English-language album. In 2010, Forbes listed him as the most popular Cypriot male singer in Cyprus and 22nd most powerful and influential celebrity in Greece and the fifth highest-ranked singer.
Markus Janka
Markus Janka (born 21 March 1980 in Wolfratshausen) is a German professional ice hockey player who is currently an unrestricted free agent. He most recently played for Schwenninger Wild Wings in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (German Ice Hockey League). Previously he has also played for the Kassel Huskies, Krefeld Pinguine, Straubing Tigers and ERC Ingolstadt.

ERC Ingolstadt
ERC Ingolstadt (Eishockey-und-Rollschuh club, German pronunciation: [ˈaɪshɔkeː ʔʊnt ˈʁɔlʃuː ˈklʊp]) is a German professional ice hockey club that plays in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL). Commonly known as the Panthers, the team plays its home games at the Saturn Arena in Ingolstadt.
Maseikula
Oceania portal

Maseikula (pronounced: [maseikulaː]) was a Fijian High Chief. He was a Chief of the island of Nayau.

Maseikula was a son of High Chief Buivaroro and his wife, the High Chiefess Tarau.  
Maseikula's grandfather was Naosara. He was a progenitor of a prominent Fijian royal house.
It is possible that Maseikula was born on the island of Lakeba, where lived his uncle Kalouyalewa. On the other hand, he may have been born on Nayau.

After his father died, Maseikula succeeded him. Maseikula married an unknown woman, with whom he had two sons – Vakaoti and Vukinavanua.

Vukinavanua ruled after Maseikula died, while Vakaoti had a title of Sau Mai.

Tu'i
Tu'i, also spelled more simplistically Tui, is a Polynesian traditional title for tribal chiefs or princes. In translations, the highest such positions are often rendered as "king". For details, see the links below various polities. Traditionally, a Tui is an equivalent of God title. Origin of Tui is believed to be Tui Manu'a (the title given to the son of the Polynesian God Tagaloa, and therefore Tui were viewed as living Gods).
Howie Lockhart
Howard Bond Lockhart (April 22, 1896 - August 2, 1956) was a Canadian ice hockey goaltender who played six seasons in the National Hockey Association and the National Hockey League for the Northern Fusiliers, Toronto St. Pats, Quebec Bulldogs, Hamilton Tigers and Boston Bruins. He played 12 games in the NHA and 59 in the NHL and finished with a combined record of 23 wins and 46 losses.

The nickname "Holes" is associated with Lockhart, but there are no contemporaneous uses of the term for him, and it  appears to have been coined by hockey writer Stan Fischler sometime in the 1970s.

Lockhart holds the records for the most five-or-more goal games allowed to opposing players, with four.

Toronto 228th Battalion
The Toronto 228th Battalion (NHA) was an ice hockey team, composed entirely of troops in the 228th (Northern Fusiliers) Battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force, in the National Hockey Association (fore-runner to the modern NHL) for the 1916–17 season.

The battalion assumed the place of the former Toronto Shamrocks franchise, which had been dormant since the end of the 1914–15 season, and played out of the Mutual Street Arena.

Also known as the Northern Fusiliers, the team played wearing khaki military uniforms and was the league's most popular and highest scoring club until the unit was ordered overseas in February 1917 and the team was forced to withdraw. A scandal ensued when several stars were subsequently discharged and alleged they had been promised commissions solely to play hockey.

The NHA then sued the military for $3000 and some game revenues due to the team leaving the league. This lawsuit was not successful.
Joshua (name)
Joshua is a given name derived from the Hebrew יְהוֹשֻׁעַ‎‎ (Modern: Yəhōšūaʿ, Tiberian: Yŏhōšūaʿ), prominently belonging to Joshua, an early Hebrew leader of the Exodus period who has a major role in several books of the Bible. In later periods, a common alternative form of the name was Yeshua (יֵשׁוּעַ‎, Yēšūaʿ‍) which corresponds to the Greek spelling Ἰησοῦς (Iesous), from which, through the Latin Iesus, comes the English spelling Jesus. As a result of the origin of the name, a majority of people before the 17th century who have this name were Jewish. A variant, truncated form of the name, Josh, gained popularity in the United States in the 1920s.

Tiberian Hebrew
Tiberian Hebrew is the canonical pronunciation of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) committed to writing by Masoretic scholars living in the Jewish community of Tiberias in ancient Galilee c. 750–950 CE under the Abbasid Caliphate. They wrote in the form of Tiberian vocalization, which employed diacritics added to the Hebrew letters: vowel signs and consonant diacritics (nequdot) and the so-called accents (two related systems of cantillation signs or te'amim). These together with the marginal notes masora magna and masora parva make up the Tiberian apparatus.

Although the written vowels and accents came into use in around 750 CE, the oral tradition that they reflect is many centuries older, with ancient roots.
Vera Carrara
Vera Carrara (born 6 April 1980) is an Italian professional racing cyclist.

Carrara was born in Alzano Lombardo and joined the G.S. Valoti Arredamenti at the age of seven. Since then she has become a multiple world champion in the points race, but despite her track cycling success she also races on the road, winning a stage of the Holland Ladies Tour in 2006 and finishing second in the prologue of the 2008 Giro d'Italia Femminile.

Holland Ladies Tour
The Holland Ladies Tour is a women's elite professional road bicycle racing stage race held annually in September since 1998 in the Netherlands. It is a tour with 6 or 7 stages. For sponsorship reasons, the 2011 race was officially titled the Profile Ladies Tour, the 2012 race the BrainWash Ladies Tour, from 2013 to 2019 as the Boels Rental Ladies Tour, and since 2021 as the Simac Ladies Tour. The race was not held in 2020.
National Art Gallery (Bangladesh)
The National Art Gallery (Bengali: জাতীয় চিত্রশালা) is a fine arts gallery of Shilpakala Academy in Segunbagicha, Dhaka, Bangladesh. It contains works of art from national artists, such as Zainul Abedin and Quamrul Hassan.

Art museum
An art museum, or art gallery, is an organization, usually with buildings or spaces for the display of art from the museum's own collection. It might be in public or private ownership, be accessible to all, or have restrictions in place. Although primarily concerned with visual art, art museums are often used as a venue for other cultural exchanges and artistic activities, such as lectures, jewelry, performance arts, music concerts, or poetry readings. Art museums also frequently host themed temporary exhibitions, which often include items on loan from other collections.
Estonia at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Estonia competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany. It was the nation's fifth consecutive appearance at the Games since 1920, and also the last time prior to World War II. As the country was, after 1940, occupied by the Soviet Union, Nazi Germany, and the subsequent re-annexation by the Soviet Union, the next time Estonia was able to participate in the Summer Olympics as an independent nation came only with the 1992 Summer Olympics.

Herbert Niiler
Herbert Aleksander Juhan Niiler (27 April 1905 – 13 April 1982) was an Estonian American basketball player and coach.

Niiler was born in Tallinn. He received a degree in physical education from Springfield College in 1928 and then introduced basketball to Estonia. He coached the Estonia men's national basketball team in the 1936 Summer Olympics, where the team placed 9th. He also led Estonia to EuroBasket 1937 and EuroBasket 1939, finishing both in 5th place.

In 1945, he fled from the Soviet occupation with his family via Sweden and Germany to the United States, where they resided in Pittsburgh from 1949 onward.

Niiler died at North Hills Passavant Hospital in 1982.
Saša Imprić
Saša Imprić (born January 9, 1986, in Zagreb) is a medley swimmer and  from Croatia, who made his Olympic debut for his native country at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. There he was eliminated in the qualifying heats of the 400 m Individual Medley, placing 32nd.

Medley swimming
Medley swimming is a combination of four different swimming strokes butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, freestyle (usually front crawl), into one race. This race is either swum by one swimmer as individual medley (IM) or by four swimmers as a medley relay.
David Werdyger
David Werdyger (Hebrew: אלתר דוד יצחק ורדיגר; 30 October 1919 – 2 April 2014) was a Polish-American Hasidic hazzan and solo singer. A Holocaust survivor who was incarcerated in several Nazi concentration camps, including the factory run by Oskar Schindler, Werdyger moved to Brooklyn, New York, after World War II and began recording albums featuring the music of the Bobov, Boyan, Skulen, Melitz, Radomsk, and Ger Hasidic dynasties, recording 60 albums in all. He also established the Jewish record label Aderet Records, now managed and owned by his son Mendy Werdyger.

He was the father of singer Mordechai Ben David and the grandfather of singer Yeedle Werdyger (Mordechai's son). Werdyger collaborated with Velvel Pasternak, among others, in his recordings.

Skulen (Hasidic dynasty)
Skulen (סקולען) Hasidic dynasty was founded by Eliezer Zusia Portugal. It was headed by his son, Yisroel Avrohom Portugal until his death on April 1, 2019. Its name is from Sculeni (Yiddish: סקולען Skulen), a town in Bessarabia (now in Moldova) where Eliezer Zusia Portugal was born and served as rabbi.

The central Skulener synagogue is in, Boro Park, Brooklyn in New York City.
Glenn Perry
Glenn Perry is an Australian writer and opera librettist.

He is notable for his librettos for Julian Yu's operas Fresh Ghosts (1997) and The Possessed (2003). Perry received a grant in 2002 from the Australia Council for the writing of The Obsessed. He wrote the libretto for the operatic version of Helen Garner's novella The Children's Bach. For this work, Perry received the 2007 RE Ross Trust Playwrights' Script Development Award.

He has also adapted Australian children's author Morris Gleitzman's book Second Childhood for the stage.

In 2012, he adapted Dostoevsky’s The Gambler into a radio drama The Roulettenburg.

He currently teaches English as a Second Language at Monash College.

Morris Gleitzman
Morris Gleitzman (born 9 January 1953) is an Australian author of children's and young adult fiction. He has gained recognition for sparking an interest in AIDS in his novel Two Weeks with the Queen (1990).

He has co-written many children's series with another Australian children's author, Paul Jennings. One of Gleitzman and Jennings' collaborations, the Wicked! book series, was adapted into an animated series in 2000.

Gleitzman has also published three collections of his newspaper columns for The Age and The Sydney Morning Herald as books for an adult readership, and he used to write for the popular Norman Gunston Show in the 1970s. His latest book in the Once series, Always, was released in 2021. He is also known for his Toad series of books.

In February 2018, Gleitzman was named the Australian Children's Laureate for 2018/2019.
Revival Foundation
Revival Foundation, Inc. is US-based 501(c)(3) non-governmental non-for-profit organization dedicated to support Ukrainian people. Located in Washington, D.C. The Revival Foundation mission is to deliver effective and innovative solutions in critical times, to connect community of donors and community of people with needs by creating relevant infrastructure and logistics solutions in the most agile way: "From Revival to Survival". The foundation primarily focuses on providing urgent logistic of humanitarian and medical aid to Ukraine using a network of medical and pharmaceutical US companies and private donors through flexible logistics solutions.

Temur Iakobashvili
Temur Yakobashvili (Georgian: თემურ  იაკობაშვილი, also transliterated as Temur Iakobashvili) (born 3 September 1967) is a Georgian political scientist, diplomat, and politician, serving as State Minister for Reintegration since 2008; he was named Deputy Prime Minister in 2009.  On 20 November 2010 his nomination as Ambassador to the United States was announced. After change of government in Georgia he resigned on 8 November 2013.