hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Riemann form
In mathematics, a Riemann form in the theory of abelian varieties and modular forms, is the following data:

A lattice Λ in a complex vector space Cg.

An alternating bilinear form α from Λ to the integers satisfying the following Riemann bilinear relations:

the real linear extension αR:Cg × Cg→R of α satisfies αR(iv, iw)=αR(v, w) for all (v, w) in Cg × Cg;

the associated hermitian form H(v, w)=αR(iv, w) + iαR(v, w) is positive-definite.

(The hermitian form written here is linear in the first variable.)

Riemann forms are important because of the following:

The alternatization of the Chern class of any factor of automorphy is a Riemann form.

Conversely, given any Riemann form, we can construct a factor of automorphy such that the alternatization of its Chern class is the given Riemann form.

Furthermore, the complex torus Cg/Λ admits the structure of an abelian variety if and only if there exists an alternating bilinear form α such that (Λ,α) is a Riemann form.

European Mathematical Society
The European Mathematical Society (EMS) is a European organization dedicated to the development of mathematics in Europe. Its members are different mathematical societies in Europe, academic institutions and individual mathematicians. The current president is Jan Philip Solovej, professor at the Department of Mathematics at the University of Copenhagen.
Carlton W. Fulford Jr.
Carlton W. Fulford Jr. (born May 11, 1944) is a retired United States Marine Corps four-star general who served as Deputy Commander in Chief, United States European Command (DCINCEUR) from 2000 to 2002.

The Basic School
The Basic School (TBS) is where all newly commissioned and appointed (for warrant officers) United States Marine Corps officers are taught the basics of being an "Officer of Marines." The Basic School is located in Stafford County, Virginia to the south-west of the Marine Corps Base Quantico complex. Each year, over 1,700 new officers are trained, representing such commissioning sources as the U.S. Naval Academy, Navy ROTC (Marine Option), Officer Candidates School, and newly appointed Marine Corps Warrant Officers, U.S. Merchant Marine Academy (Marine Option) accession programs.
Charles Frederick Peploe
Rev. Charles Frederick Peploe (10 February 1865 – 25 June 1937) was an English Anglican clergyman who was vicar of Christ Church, Southgate, from 1909–37. His wife, Kathleen, was a campaigner on behalf of British prisoners of war during the First World War.

Christ Church, Southgate
Christ Church, Southgate, is a Church of England parish church in Waterfall Road, Southgate, London. It describes itself as a "liberal catholic Church of England parish". The building is grade II* listed with Historic England. In 2014 the church registered as an Inclusive Church. The church choir makes regular recordings and tours as well as supporting worship on Sundays at 10am and at Choral Evensong at 6.30pm.
Rafha (horse)
Rafha (19 February 1987 – 2010) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. As a two-year-old in 1989 she won two of her four races including the May Hill Stakes. In the following year she was undefeated in three starts, taking the Princess Elizabeth Stakes and the Lingfield Oaks Trial before recording her biggest victory in the Prix de Diane. After her retirement from racing she became a prolific and successful broodmare whose foals include Invincible Spirit, who later emerged as one of Ireland's prominent stallions.

Lingfield Oaks Trial
The Oaks Trial Stakes is a Listed flat horse race in Great Britain open to three-year-old fillies. It is run over a distance of 1 mile, 3 furlongs and 133 yards (2,334 metres) at Lingfield Park in May.
Roy Lacey
Roy Lacey (born November 5, 1947, in Pocatello, Idaho) was a Democratic Idaho Senator  from 2012 to 2016 for District 30, he was also an Idaho State Representative from 2010 to 2012 representing District 30 in the A seat.

Idaho House of Representatives
The Idaho House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Idaho Legislature.

It consists of 70 representatives elected to two-year terms. The state is divided into 35 districts, each of which elects two representatives to separate seats. It meets at the Idaho State Capitol in Boise, Idaho, in the State Capitol Building.
GDP-6-deoxy-D-talose 4-dehydrogenase
In enzymology, a GDP-6-deoxy-D-talose 4-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.135) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

GDP-6-deoxy-D-talose + NAD(P)+  GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)H + H+

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are GDP-6-deoxy-D-talose, NAD+, and NADP+, whereas its 4 products are GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose, NADH, NADPH, and H+.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is GDP-6-deoxy-D-talose:NAD(P)+ 4-oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called guanosine diphospho-6-deoxy-D-talose dehydrogenase. This enzyme participates in fructose and mannose metabolism.

Hydrogen ion
A hydrogen ion is an ion created when a hydrogen atom loses or gains an electron. A positively charged hydrogen ion (or proton) can readily combine with other particles and therefore is only seen isolated when it is in a gaseous state or a nearly particle-free space. Due to its extremely high charge density of approximately 2×1010 times that of a sodium ion, the bare hydrogen ion cannot exist freely in solution as it readily hydrates, i.e., bonds quickly. The hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ions of hydrogen and its isotopes. 
Depending on the charge of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished: positively charged ions (hydrons) and negatively charged (hydride) ions.
Luang Phinphakphitthayaphet
Pin Muangman (Thai: พิณ เมืองแมน, RTGS: Phin Mueangmaen; 1900–1977), known by his noble title as Luang Phinphakphitthayaphet (หลวงพิณพากย์พิทยาเภท), was a Thai radiologist who introduced the field to the country. He graduated in medicine from Jefferson Medical College and trained in radiology at Harvard's Peter Bent Brigham Hospital. In 1928, he brought the first X-ray machine into the country, and established the practice at Siriraj Hospital, where he headed the radiology department. He later served as director of the hospital and the dean of its Faculty of Medicine, President of the University of Medical Sciences, and Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Public Health.

Siriraj Hospital
Siriraj Hospital (Thai: โรงพยาบาลศิริราช; RTGS: Rong Phayaban Siriraj) is the oldest and largest public hospital in Bangkok, Thailand on the west bank of the Chao Phraya River, opposite Thammasat University's Tha Phrachan campus. It is the primary teaching hospital of the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University at Bangkok.
Flag of Austria
The national flag of Austria is a triband in the following order: red, white, and red.

The Austrian flag is considered one of the oldest national symbols still in use by a modern country, with its first recorded use in 1230. The Austrian triband originated from the arms of the Babenberg dynasty. As opposed to other flags, such as the black-and-yellow banner of the Habsburgs, the red-white-red flag was from very early on associated, not with a reigning family or monarch, but with the country itself.

In addition to serving as the flag of Austria since 1230, it was adopted as the naval ensigns and state flags of the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, Grand Duchy of Tuscany and Duchy of Modena and Reggio between 18th–19th centuries, as they were ruled by the House of Habsburg or its cadet branches.

Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
The Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, commonly called the "Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom", was a constituent land (crown land) of the Austrian Empire from 1815 to 1866. It was created in 1815 by resolution of the Congress of Vienna in recognition of the Austrian House of Habsburg-Lorraine's rights to the former Duchy of Milan and the former Republic of Venice after the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, proclaimed in 1805, had collapsed.

The kingdom survived for only fifty years—the region of Lombardy was ceded to France in 1859 after the Second Italian War of Independence, which then immediately ceded it to the Kingdom of Sardinia. Lombardy-Venetia was finally dissolved in 1866 when its remaining territory was incorporated into the recently proclaimed Kingdom of Italy following the kingdom's victory against Austria in the Third Italian War of Independence.
Carlo Rossi (politician)
Carlo Rossi (August 8, 1925 – April 11, 1998) was a Canadian politician.

Born in Montreal, Quebec, the son of Italian immigrants, Rossi joined the Service de police de la Ville de Montréal in 1948. He was a police detective and the head of the Police's hostage-negotiation team.

In 1979, he was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the Montreal riding of Bourassa. A Liberal, he was re-elected in 1980 and 1984. He was defeated in 1988. From 1982 to 1984, he was the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of State (Multiculturalism). The Carlo Rossi wine was named in Rossi’s honor.

E & J Gallo Winery
Gallo is an American wine producer and distributor. The company's headquarters are located in Modesto, California. Previously known as "E. & J. Gallo Winery," it was founded in 1933 by Ernest Gallo and Julio Gallo of the Gallo family and mainly exports California wines. It is the largest wine producer in the world by volume, producing more than 3% of the world's annual supply of 35 billion bottles and generating an annual revenue of $5.3 billion. It is also the largest family-owned winery in the United States, employing approximately 3,500 people in Modesto and 2,500 in other parts of the state, country, and world.
Robert Turner (endocrinologist)
Robert Turner (1938–1999) was a British physician endocrinologist and Professor in Medicine at the Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford.

He was trained at Cambridge and qualified from the Middlesex Hospital, London in 1963. He then developed an interest in diabetes and went to work in the Endocrine and Diabetes Units at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston in 1971, before joining the Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University as a Lecturer.

Turner founded the University of Oxford Diabetes Research Laboratories in 1976, which has since become one of the largest and most successful clinical research units in Europe.

His most notable achievement was his contribution to the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), which gained instant international acclaim after he first presented it at the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) meeting in Barcelona in 1998.

Massachusetts General Hospital
Massachusetts General Hospital (Mass General or MGH) is a teaching hospital located in the West End neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. It is the original and largest clinical education and research facility of Harvard Medical School/Harvard University, and houses the world's largest hospital-based research program with an annual research budget of more than $1.2 billion in 2021. It is the third-oldest general hospital in the United States with a patient capacity of 999 beds. Along with Brigham and Women's Hospital, Mass General is a founding member of Mass General Brigham, formerly known as Partners HealthCare, the largest healthcare provider in Massachusetts.
Monochaetum
Monochaetum is a neotropical genus of shrubs and subshrubs with about 54 species. It occurs in warm temperate to tropical montane habitats from Mexico and Central America to the South American Andes of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru with one species reaching the Guayana Highlands of Venezuela and Guyana.

Monochaetum is characterized by its tetramerous flowers, prevailingly dimorphic stamens with dorsally appendiculate anthers, capsular fruits that are free from the hypanthium, and cochleate seeds.

Aestivation (botany)
Aestivation or estivation is the positional arrangement of the parts of a flower within a flower bud before it has opened. Aestivation is also sometimes referred to as praefoliation or prefoliation, but these terms may also mean vernation: the arrangement of leaves within a vegetative bud.

Aestivation can be an important taxonomic diagnostic; for example Malvaceae flower buds have valvate sepals, with the exception of the genera Fremontodendron and Chiranthodendron, which have sometimes been misplaced as a result.
Szelment
Szelment ([ˈʂɛlmɛnt]; Lithuanian: Šelmentas,) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Szypliszki, within Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Lithuania. Szelment is located 15 km (9 mi) north of Suwałki. It is also home to a 1000m cable car line, the second-longest in Poland. It is located 6.0 km (4 mi) from the nearest city in Lithuania, Salaperaugis.

Suwałki County
Suwałki County (Polish: powiat suwalski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Podlaskie Voivodeship, north-eastern Poland, on the Lithuanian border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Suwałki, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county); there are no towns within the county.

The county covers an area of 1,307.31 square kilometres (504.8 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 35,689. It includes the protected area known as Suwałki Landscape Park.
Hugh Raffles
Hugh Raffles is an anthropologist and writer based in New York. He received an American Academy of Arts and Letters Award in Literature in 2023. He is the author of three books as well as many essays in venues including Granta, Public Culture, Natural History, Orion, American Ethnologist, The New York Times, The New York Review of Books, and The Best American Essays. He is Professor of Anthropology at The New School in New York.

The Best American Essays
The Best American Essays is a yearly anthology of magazine articles published in the United States.  It was started in 1986 and is now part of The Best American Series published by HarperCollins. Articles are chosen using the same procedure with other titles in the Best American series; the series editor chooses about 100 article candidates, from which the guest editor picks 25 or so for publication; the remaining runner-up articles listed in the appendix. The series was edited by Robert Atwan from its inception in 1986 through 2023. Kim Dana Kupperman is the new series editor starting in 2024. Joyce Carol Oates assisted in the editing process until 2000 with the publication of The Best American Essays of the Century.
Morán
Morán is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carlos Morán, footballer

Carolina Morán, model

Fátima Leyva Morán, footballer

Fernando Morán (politician) (1926–2020), Spanish diplomat and politician

Fernando Morán (footballer) (born 1976), Spanish footballer

Fernando Navarro Morán, footballer

Francisco Morán, outfielder/catcher

Gregorio Morán (1947–2026), Spanish journalist and writer

Héctor Morán, footballer

Humberto Fernández-Morán, scientist

Jorge Morán, footballer

José Manuel Mijares Morán, singer

José Trinidad Morán, Venezuelan militar

Jovani Morán (born 1997), Puerto Rican baseball player

Manolo Morán, actor

María Margarita Morán, beauty pageant participant

Mario Morán (born 1992), Mexican actor

Mercedes Morán, actress

Nitza Morán (born 1970), Puerto Rican politician

Pedro Escartín Morán, footballer

Rolando Morán, freedom fighter

Rubén Morán, footballer

Ruberth Morán, footballer

Nitza Morán
Nitza Morán Trinidad (born February 17, 1970) is a Puerto Rican politician and businessperson serving in the Senate of Puerto Rico for district I since 2021. She is president of the Progressive Women of San Juan. Morán was the president of the Merchants Association of La Placita for 19 years.
COCONUTS-2b
COCONUTS-2 b is a gas giant exoplanet that orbits the M-type star L 34-26. With a mass of 8 Jupiters, it takes over one million years to complete one orbit around the star orbiting 7,506 AU away from it.

The planet was discovered in 2011 and was initially identified as a T9 free-floating brown dwarf WISEPA J075108.79−763449.6. During the COol Companions ON Ultrawide orbiTS (COCONUTS) survey, its association with L 34-26 was announced in 2021. At a distance of 35.5 light-years (10.9 parsecs), COCONUTS-2b was the closest directly imaged exoplanet to Earth until Epsilon Indi Ab was imaged in 2024.

Metallicity
In astronomy, metallicity is the abundance of elements present in an object that are heavier than hydrogen and helium. Most of the normal currently detectable (i.e. non-dark) matter in the universe is either hydrogen or helium, and astronomers use the word metals as convenient shorthand for all elements except hydrogen and helium. This word-use is distinct from the conventional chemical or physical definition of a metal as an electrically conducting element. Stars and nebulae with relatively high abundances of heavier elements are called metal-rich when discussing metallicity, even though many of those elements are called nonmetals in chemistry.
Moussa Kaboré
Moussa Kaboré (born 6 July 1982 in Kombissiri, Burkina Faso) is a Burkinabé football striker.

Kaboré was part of the Burkinabé U-17 World Championship team, which finished third place of its group in the first round of competition. In 2000–2001 he played for ASFA Yennenga in the Burkinabé Premier League.

In Germany, the striker played for LR Ahlen, 1. FC Bocholt and TuRU Düsseldorf. In 2006, Kaboré moved to Moroccan sports club Wydad Casablanca and two years later he joined KS Bylis Ballsh in the Albanian Superliga.

ASFA Yennenga
Association Sportive du Faso-Yennenga is a Burkinabé football club based in Ouagadougou. The club's home games are played at Stade du 4-Août.

The club was founded in 1947 and won its first title in 1973 as Jeanne d'Arc.
Marcel Ohmann
Marcel Ohmann (born April 4, 1991) is a German professional ice hockey player. He is currently an unrestricted free agent who most recently played for the Grizzlys Wolfsburg of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL).

Ohmaan previously played 8 seasons with Kölner Haie in the DEL. As a free agent following the 2016–17 season, Ohmann left Cologne after 8 professional years, signing a one-year deal with fellow German club, Grizzlys Wolfsburg on May 10, 2017.

After concluding his second season with the Grizzlys in 2018–19, Ohmann opted to leave as a free agent on March 8, 2019.

Kölner Haie
The Kölner Haie (English: Cologne Sharks) are an ice hockey club based in Cologne, Germany, that plays in the professional Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL). The team was one of the founding members of the DEL.

The Kölner Haie play their home games in the DEL and the German Cup (DEB-Pokal) at the Lanxess Arena, which opened in 1998, located in the district Deutz. With room for 18,600 spectators, Lanxess Arena is amongst the biggest multi-functional arenas in Europe, and the Kölner Haie have the second highest average attendance in European ice hockey behind Swiss team SC Bern. Previously, the Kölner Haie played their home games at the Eisstadion an der Lentstraße. A strong local rivalry exists between the Kölner Haie and the Düsseldorfer EG, of neighboring Düsseldorf. Games between the two teams often sell out.
21st Army Tank Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 21st Army Tank Brigade was an armoured brigade formation of the British Army active during the Second World War. The brigade served with the British First Army and the British Eighth Army during the fighting in Tunisia and Italy.

Tunisian campaign
The Tunisian campaign (also known as the Battle of Tunisia) was a series of battles that took place in Tunisia during the North African campaign of the Second World War, between Axis and Allied forces from 17 November 1942 to 13 May 1943. The Allies consisted of British Imperial Forces, including a Greek contingent, with American and French corps. Despite initial successes by the German and Italian forces brought from the mainland and which had withdrawn into and occupied Tunisia after their defeat in the Western Desert and the success of Operation Torch, massive supply interdiction efforts and Allied assaults from east and west led to the decisive defeat of the Axis. Over 260,000 German and Italian troops were taken as prisoners of war, including most of the Afrika Korps.
Kabiru Sokoto
Kabiru Umar Abubakar Dikko predominantly known by his sobriquet Kabiru Sokoto is a convicted Nigerian terrorist and a member of the Nigerian Boko Haram terrorist group, Boko Haram. He was born in Northern Nigeria which is predominantly occupied by the Hausa people and Fulani tribe. He was the mastermind of the Christmas Day bombing of the St Theresa Roman Catholic church on 25 December 2011 in Madalla, Niger State which killed 37 Christians. Sokoto was arrested, fled custody the following day and was rearrested a month later. On 21 December 2013, Sokoto was sentenced to life imprisonment. During his trial, the presiding judge said that Sokoto had shown no remorse for his actions.

Sobriquet
A sobriquet (/ˈsoʊ.brɪ.ˌkeɪ, ˌsoʊ.brɪ.ˈkeɪ/ SOH-brih-kay, -⁠KAY) is a descriptive nickname, sometimes assumed, but often given by another. A sobriquet is distinct from a pseudonym in that it is typically a familiar name used in place of a real name without the need for explanation; it may even become more familiar than the original name.

An example is Mohandas Gandhi, who is better known as Mahatma Gandhi ("mahatma" means "great soul" in Sanskrit).

The term sobriquet is equally applicable as a name for a person, group of people, historical event, or place. Well-known places often have sobriquets, such as New York City, often called the "Big Apple", or Rome, the "Eternal City", or Vienna, the "Golden Apple" or Paris the "City of Light".
Oligoryzomys stramineus
Oligoryzomys stramineus, also known as the straw-colored colilargo or straw-colored pygmy rice rat, is a species of rodent in the genus Oligoryzomys of the family Cricetidae. It occurs only in the cerrado and caatinga ecoregions of northeastern Brazil. Its karyotype has 2n = 52 and FNa = 68-70.

Cricetidae
The Cricetidae are a family of rodents in the large and complex superfamily Muroidea. It includes true hamsters, voles, lemmings, muskrats, and New World rats and mice. At over 870 species, it is either the largest or second-largest family of mammals, and has members throughout the Americas, Europe and Asia.
BFW M.23
The BFW M.23, sometimes known as the Messerschmitt M 23, was a 1920s two-seat sporting aircraft designed by Willy Messerschmitt, and produced by Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (BFW). Examples won several prestigious races in 1929 and 1930.

Messerschmitt
Messerschmitt AG (German pronunciation: [ˈmɛsɐʃmɪt]) was a German share-ownership limited, aircraft manufacturing corporation named after its chief designer Willy Messerschmitt from mid-July 1938 onwards, and known primarily for its World War II fighter aircraft, in particular the Bf 109 and Me 262. The company survived in the post-war era, undergoing a number of mergers and changing its name from Messerschmitt to Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm before being bought by Deutsche Aerospace (DASA, now part of Airbus) in 1989.