hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Mind of Primitive Man
The Mind of Primitive Man is a 1911 book by anthropologist Franz Boas which takes a critical look at the concept of primitive culture. The work challenged widely held racist and eugenic claims about race and intelligence, particularly white supremacy.

In 1895, Boas made the first speech that would form this book, as vice-president of the Section of Anthropology of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He later made a speech by this title at the 1900 American Folk Lore Society conference held at Johns Hopkins University.

The material was further expanded as a course of lectures delivered before the Lowell Institute in Boston and the National University of Mexico in 1910 and 1911. Following the 1911 publication, the book was revised several times. It is considered an important work in cultural anthropology and the methodological concept of cultural relativism.

American Folklore Society
The American Folklore Society (AFS) is the United States (US)-based professional association for folklorists, with members from the US, Canada, and around the world, which aims to encourage research, aid in disseminating that research, promote the responsible application of that research, publish various forms of publications, advocate for the continued study and teaching of folklore, etc. The Society is based at Indiana University and has an annual meeting every October. The Society's quarterly publication is the Journal of American Folklore. The current president is Marilyn White.

As of 2016, almost half of its 2,200 members practice their work outside higher education. In addition to professors, members include public folklorists, arts administrators, freelance researchers, librarians, museum curators, and others involved in the study and promotion of folklore and traditional culture.
Prince of Hexi
The Prince of Hexi (Chinese: 河西王) was a title used by monarchs of the Northern Liang dynasty of China. The title was first adopted in 412, then affirmed by the Emperor Shao of Liu Song in 423. The princes include:

Juqu Mengxun, 412–433

Juqu Mujian, 433–439

Juqu Wuhui, 442–444

Juqu Anzhou, 444–460

Juqu Mengxun
Juqu Mengxun (Chinese: 沮渠蒙遜; 368–433), also known by his posthumous name as the Prince Wuxuan of Northern Liang (北涼武宣王), was the second prince of the Lushuihu-led Chinese Northern Liang dynasty, and the first from the Juqu clan. His cousin Juqu Nancheng (沮渠男成) and he initially supported Duan Ye as prince of Northern Liang in 397 after rebelling against the Later Liang dynasty, but in 401, Juqu Mengxun tricked Duan Ye into wrongly executing Juqu Nancheng, and then used that as an excuse to attack and kill Duan Ye, taking over the throne himself. While he maintained his own state, he also nominally served as a vassal of the Later Qin, Eastern Jin, and Northern Wei dynasties. He was considered a capable ruler when he was young, but in his old age was considered cruel and arbitrary.
Lynn Lowe
Aylmer Lynn Lowe, known as A. Lynn Lowe (March 6, 1936 – August 14, 2010), was an American businessman and politician from Garland near Texarkana in Miller County in southwestern Arkansas, who was a major figure in the Arkansas Republican Party. He was the Republican gubernatorial nominee in 1978 against the Democrat Bill Clinton, served as state party chairman from 1974 to 1980, and was the GOP candidate in Arkansas's 4th congressional district in 1966, having been defeated by the Democrat David Pryor, then a state representative and a future governor and U.S. Senator, originally from Camden in Ouachita County in south Arkansas.

David Pryor
David Hampton Pryor (August 29, 1934 – April 20, 2024) was an American politician who served as a representative for Arkansas's 4th congressional district from 1966 until 1973 and as a senator from Arkansas from 1979 until 1997. A member of the Democratic Party, Pryor also served as the 39th governor of Arkansas from 1975 to 1979 and was a member of the Arkansas House of Representatives from 1960 to 1966. He served as the acting chairman of the Arkansas Democratic Party from 2008 to 2009, following Bill Gwatney's assassination.
Miss International 2004
Miss International 2004, the 44th Miss International pageant, was held on October 16, 2004 at the Workers Indoor Arena in Beijing, China. This is the first time event to be held in China for contest was being held outside of Japan and the United States are headquarter's homecountry. 58 contestants from all over the world competed for the crown. Miss International 2003, Goizeder Azua of Venezuela, crowned her successor Jeymmy Vargas of Colombia as the new Miss International.

Workers' Gymnasium
The Workers' Gymnasium (official name) is an indoor arena located west of the Workers' Stadium in Beijing, China. It was inaugurated in 1961 for the 26th World Table Tennis Championships.

It hosted the boxing events at the 2008 Summer Olympics and the Judo events at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. It is one of 11 Beijing-based venues to be renovated and upgraded for the Olympics. The arena has a seating capacity of 13,000.
1918 Maine gubernatorial election
The 1918 Maine gubernatorial election took place on September 9, 1918.

Incumbent Republican Governor Carl Milliken was elected to a second term in office, defeating Democratic candidate Bertrand G. McIntire.

Maine Democratic Party
The Maine Democratic Party is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Maine.

After the Civil War, Democrats were a minor player in a political scene dominated by the Republican Party. However, during the 1950s, Edmund Muskie led an expansive political insurgency culminating in his election as Governor of Maine and successive Democratic elections to both state and national offices.

It is currently the state's favored party, controlling both houses of the state legislature, governorship, and both of Maine's U.S. House seats. One of Maine's U.S. Senate seats is currently held by Angus King, an Independent who caucuses with the Democrats.
Qinglong Railway Bridge
Qinglong Railway Bridge is a concrete arch bridge located in Qinglong County, Guizhou. The bridge carries the high-speed railway line between Guiyang and Kunming. It crosses the Beipan River just downstream of the Guangzhao Dam. The bridge is almost 300 metres above the river. When it opened in 2015, Xinhua News Agency, the state agency of China, described its span as the largest among the concrete railway arch bridges in the world.

Guangzhao Dam
The Guangzhao Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the Beipan River, on the border between Qinglong County and Guanling Buyei and Miao Autonomous County, in Guizhou Province, China. The main purpose of the project is hydroelectric power generation with additional purposes of water regulation and irrigation. It creates the uppermost or head reservoir on the Beipan and was constructed between 2003 and 2008.
Kafie family
The Kafie family is a prominent business and philanthropic family of Honduras. Members of the family are responsible for founding or operating several of the largest enterprises in the country, in various fields of commerce, and for supporting a variety of charitable ventures.

The family name, "Kafie" in Honduras originates in Honduras, while the Kafie family of Honduras has been recognized as part of the Palestinian diaspora. Their ancestors emigrated to England in the nineteenth century, and family patriarch Chuckri Kafie moved from there to La Unión, El Salvador in 1901. More family members followed, and within the next few decades, the family relocated to Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Beginning in the 1970s a number of descendants of the original Kafie family members moved to the United States.

The most notable branch of the family are descendants of Chuckri Kafie's son Luis Kafie, a textile businessman, and his wife, Elena "Nena" Larach.

Ojojona
Ojojona is a municipality in the Honduran department of Francisco Morazán, located 34 km south of Tegucigalpa. The town is one of the many touristic places of near the capital of Honduras, Tegucigalpa. It is also the place of birth of notable natives include the painter Pablo Zelaya Sierra.
Guillem de Torroella
Guillem de Torroella (also written Torroelha) was a Majorcan poet whose family came from Empordà. He was born in 1348. He wrote the Faula in Occitan (and a small part in French) around 1370. It was edited in 2007 in the Library of Majorcan Writers by Anna María Compagna Perrone.

Middle French
Middle French (French: moyen français) is a historical division of the French language that covers the period from the mid-14th to the early 17th centuries. It is a period of transition during which:

the French language became clearly distinguished from the other competing Oïl languages, which are sometimes subsumed within the concept of Old French (l'ancien français)

the French language was imposed as the official language of the Kingdom of France in place of Latin and other Oïl and Occitan languages

the literary development of French prepared the vocabulary and grammar for the Classical French (le français classique) spoken in the 17th and 18th centuries.

It is the first version of French that is largely intelligible to Modern French, contrary to Old French.
Robert Fausset
Robert Fausset (8 August 1934 – 9 November 2011) was an Irish Fine Gael politician from County Cavan. He was nominated to Seanad Éireann in October 1981 and served until April 1982. He was a member of Cavan County Council for the Ballyjamesduff electoral area from 1999 to 2004. He stood for election to Dáil Éireann for the Cavan–Monaghan constituency, at the 1981 and February 1982 general elections, but was unsuccessful on both occasions.

Cavan County Council
Cavan County Council (Irish: Comhairle Contae an Chabháin) is the authority responsible for local government in County Cavan, Ireland. As a county council, it is governed by the Local Government Act 2001. The council is responsible for housing and community, roads and transportation, urban planning and development, amenity and culture, and environment. The council has 18 elected members. Elections are held every five years and are by single transferable vote. The head of the council has the title of Cathaoirleach (chairperson). The county administration is headed by a chief executive, Eoin Doyle. The county town is Cavan.
Bishe Nagarchi
Bise Nagarchi (Nepali: बिसे नगर्ची) was an 18th century Gorkhali tailor and musician who worked for King Prithvi Narayan Shah.

When the Gorkha Kingdom was facing financial crises, Nagarchi suggested that every household in Gorkha should give at least one rupee to fund the war.

He was active during the Unification of Nepal, Nagarchi played war songs on the battlefield which would keep the soldiers motivated. His father was also a musician who worked for the Gorkha Durbar.

Nagarchi was popularised by Poet Shrawan Mukarung. In 2020, a statue of Bise Nagarchi was installed in Gorkha Municipality, Gandaki Province.

Unification of Nepal
The unification of Nepal (Nepali: नेपालको एकीकरण, romanized: Nēpālakō ēkīkaraṇa) was the process of building the modern Nepalese state, by invading fractured Malla kingdoms including the Baise Rajya's 22 kingdoms and the Chaubisi Rajya's 24 kingdoms. It began in 1743 CE (1799 BS), by Prithvi Narayan Shah, King of Gorkha. On 25 September 1768, he officially announced the creation of the Kingdom of Nepal and moved his capital from Gorkha to a city in Kathmandu Valley.

The Shah dynasty that Prithvi Narayan Shah founded would go on to absorb the various warring Malla kingdoms that once occupied parts of present-day Nepal into a nation-state that stretched up to the Sutlej River in the west and Sikkim-Jalpaiguri in the east. Before the Gorkha Empire, the Kathmandu Valley was known as Nepal after the Nepal Mandala, the region's name in Newar language.
Stedelijk Museum Zwolle
Stedelijk Museum Zwolle was a modern art museum located in Zwolle, Netherlands. It features a wide range of contemporary art exhibitions as it, showcasing works by established and emerging artists. The museum promotes on Dutch and international contemporary art, and its exhibitions and collection cover a variety of mediums, including painting, sculpture, photography, and video. Notable artists whose works held by the museum include Pieter van Noort and Hendrick ten Oever.

It was the cultural center for the city of Zwolle and the surrounding region till its closure.

Pieter van Noort
Pieter van Noort (1622 – 1672) was a Dutch painter of still lifes, often featuring fish.

He was born in Leiden as the son of Derck van Noort, and was not, as some sources claim, the son of Pieter van Noort (ca. 1592 - after 1634).  From 1648 he was registered as a member of the Leiden Guild of St. Luke. He was followed by Isaac van Duynen. He moved in 1652 to Zwolle, where he later died.

His work can be found in the following collections:

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

Dordrechts Museum, Dordrecht

Mauritshuis, Den Haag

Museum De Fundatie, Zwolle
Thomas Reid's tombstone
Thomas Reid D.D. (1710–1796), was Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Glasgow and founder of the Scottish common sense movement in philosophy. Remarkably, his tombstone is to be found in the vestibule of the main building of Glasgow University and directly under the 85m (278 feet) high tower of the Gilbert Scott Building. Reid’s remains were originally laid in Blackfriars Church burial-ground, on the grounds of Glasgow College in the High Street, Glasgow. The tombstone was removed when the College moved to Gilmorehill in 1870. It was placed in its present position when the building of the Tower above it was begun, thus forming a fitting ‘monument’ to Reid. In comparison, the Scott Monument in Edinburgh is only 200.5 feet (61.1 m).

Scottish common sense realism
Scottish common sense realism, also known as the Scottish school of common sense, is a realist school of philosophy that originated in the ideas of Scottish philosophers Thomas Reid, Adam Ferguson, James Beattie, and Dugald Stewart during the 18th-century Scottish Enlightenment. Reid emphasized man's innate ability to perceive common ideas and that this process is inherent in and interdependent with judgement. Common sense, therefore, is the foundation of philosophical inquiry. Though best remembered for its opposition to the pervasive philosophy of David Hume, Scottish common sense philosophy is influential and evident in the works of Thomas Jefferson and late 18th-century American politics.
Tinum Municipality
Tinum Municipality (Yucatec Maya: "crippled numtzutzuy") is a municipality in the Mexican state of Yucatán containing 393.44 km2 (151.91 sq mi) of land and is located roughly 140 kilometres (87 mi) east of the city of Mérida.

Yucatec Maya language
Yucatec Maya (/ˈjuːkətɛk ˈmaɪə/ YOO-kə-tek MY-ə; Spanish: yucateco [ʝukaˈteko]), referred to by its speakers as mayaʼ or maayaʼ t’aan (pronounced [màːjaʔˈtʼàːn] ⓘ), is a Mayan language spoken in the Yucatán Peninsula, including part of northern Belize. There is also a significant diasporic community of Yucatec Maya speakers in San Francisco, though most Maya Americans are speakers of other Mayan languages from Guatemala and Chiapas.
Myslín
Myslín is a municipality and village in Písek District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.

Myslín lies approximately 27 kilometres (17 mi) north of Písek, 70 km (43 mi) north-west of České Budějovice, and 68 km (42 mi) south-west of Prague.

Písek
Písek (Czech pronunciation: [ˈpiːsɛk] ⓘ; German: Pisek) is a town in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 31,000 inhabitants. The town is located on the Otava River and is known for the oldest bridge in the country. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.

Písek is a centre of education with a number of important schools. Up to the last decades of 19th century, Písek was the centre of the large autonomous Prácheňsko region.
Bourtie Parish Church
Bourtie Parish Church is a church in Bourtie, near Oldmeldrum in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Now a Category A listed building, it was built in 1806, to a design by William and Andrew Clerk, and is a near-square form.

Its ogee-canopied pulpit is original, with precentor's box and other fittings. The church's bell was made in 1760 by John Mowat.

Precentor
A precentor is a person who helps facilitate worship. The details vary depending on the religion, denomination, and era in question. The Latin derivation is præcentor, from cantor, meaning "the one who sings before" (or alternatively, "first singer").
Marcos Sartor
Marcos Luciano Sartor Camiña (born 18 March 1995) is an Argentinian footballer who plays as a forward. Camiña began his career at Nahuel Niyeo's youth team in Ingeniero Jacobacci and has since played consecutively for the football clubs Peña Azul y Oro Viedma, Atlético de Rafaela, U.C. Sampdoria in Italy and Fútbol Alcobendas Sport.

México FC (Spain)
México FC S.A.D., formerly known as Club Deportivo Paracuellos MX S.A.D is a Spanish football club based in Paracuellos de Jarama, in the autonomous community of Madrid. Founded in 1995, it plays in Tercera Federación – Group 7, holding home games at Estadio Municipal, which has a capacity of 1,500 spectators.
Dániel Berzsenyi
Dániel Berzsenyi (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈdaːniɛl ˈbɛrʒɛɲi]; 7 May 1776 in Hetye (now Egyházashetye) – 24 February 1836 in Nikla) was a Hungarian poet.

Berzsenyi was one of the most contradictory poets of Hungarian literature. He lived the life of a farmer, and wished to be close to the events of Hungarian literature. This contradiction, which he believed he could solve, made him a lonesome, introverted and bitter poet. His works show signs of classicism, sentimentalism and romanticism.

Sentimentalism (literature)
As a literary mode, sentimentalism, the practice of being sentimental, and thus tending towards making emotions and feelings the basis of a person's actions and reactions, as opposed to reason, has been a recurring aspect of world literature. Sentimentalism includes a variety of aspects in literature, such as sentimental poetry, the sentimental novel, and the German sentimentalist music movement, Empfindsamkeit. European literary sentimentalism arose during the Age of Enlightenment, partly as a response to sentimentalism in philosophy. In eighteenth-century England, the sentimental novel was a major literary genre. The genre developed in England between 1730 and 1780 at the time of high enlightenment from where it spread to other European literatures. Its philosophical basis primarily came from Anthony Ashley Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury, a pupil of John Locke.
Indian River (Mullett Lake)
Indian River in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan is a 3.9-mile-long (6.3 km) waterway in Cheboygan County flowing from Burt Lake at 45°24′37″N 84°37′19″W﻿ / ﻿45.41028°N 84.62194°W﻿ / 45.41028; -84.62194 to Mullett Lake at 45°27′05″N 84°34′39″W﻿ / ﻿45.45139°N 84.57750°W﻿ / 45.45139; -84.57750. The unincorporated community of Indian River is named after the river.

The river is part of the great Inland Waterway of Michigan, by which one can boat from Crooked Lake several miles east of Petoskey on the Little Traverse Bay of Lake Michigan across the northern tip of the lower peninsula's "mitten" to Cheboygan on Lake Huron.

Petoskey, Michigan
Petoskey (/pəˈtɒski/ pə-TOSS-kee) is the largest city in and the county seat of Emmet County, Michigan, and is the largest settlement within the county. Petoskey has a population of 5,877 at the 2020 census, up from 5,670 at the 2010 census.

Petoskey is part of Northern Michigan, and is one of the northernmost cities in Michigan's Lower Peninsula. Petoskey is located on the southern shore of Little Traverse Bay, a bay of Lake Michigan. Petoskey sits directly across the bay from Harbor Springs, another Emmet County city. Petoskey is a popular Midwestern resort town.

Petoskey lends its name to the Petoskey stone, a fossilized coral that is the state stone of Michigan.
Jotham Gay
Jotham Gay (April 11, 1733 – October 16, 1802) was an army officer, who served at Fort Edward (Nova Scotia), and political figure in Nova Scotia. He represented Cumberland County in the Legislative Assembly of Nova Scotia from 1772 to 1774.
The son of the Reverend Ebenezer Gay and Jerusha Bradford, he was probably born in Hingham, Massachusetts. Gay received a land grant in Cumberland County in 1761. He was a colonel in the continental army, serving at Louisbourg and at Fort Beauséjour. He was elected to the assembly in a 1772 by-election held after Joshua Winslow was unseated for non-attendance. Gay later moved to Westmorland County, New Brunswick, then returned to Hingham where he died at the age of 69.

His brother Martin also served in the assembly.

Westmorland County, New Brunswick
Westmorland County (2021 population: 163,576) is a county in New Brunswick, a province of Canada. It is in the south-eastern part of the province. It contains the fast-growing commercial centre of Moncton and its northern and eastern suburbs. Also located in the county are the university town of Sackville and the local tourist destination of Shediac.

Westmorland County is centrally located in the Maritimes and is New Brunswick's most populous county. Fishing and tourism are important industries along the Northumberland Strait shore, and there is some mixed farming in the Petitcodiac River Valley and in the Tantramar Marsh region. The city of Moncton accounts for half of the county's population and has developed as a major transportation, distribution, commercial and retail centre. Dorchester is the historic shire town.
Daniel Ammann
Daniel Ammann (born 1963) is a Swiss journalist and author. He was educated at University of Zurich, UC Berkeley and Fondation Post Universitaire Internationale in Paris. He holds an MA in political science, history and constitutional law.

Ammann is best known for his biography of Marc Rich, the controversial commodities trader and founder of Glencore who received a presidential pardon from U.S. President Bill Clinton. The King of Oil – The Secret Lives of Marc Rich became an international bestseller and was published in nine languages. The book is to be cinematized by Universal Pictures with Matt Damon slated to portray the fugitive billionaire. John Krasinski would be a producer through his Sunday Night Productions.

Ammann's research into unlawful methods of investigation by the Office of the Attorney General of Switzerland triggered one of the biggest judicial scandals in the country's recent history and led to the resignation of Attorney General Valentin Roschacher.

Trader (finance)
A trader is a person, firm, or entity in finance who buys and sells financial instruments, such as forex, cryptocurrencies, stocks, bonds, commodities, derivatives, and mutual funds, indices in the capacity of agent, hedger, arbitrager, or speculator.
James Livingston (bishop)
James Livingston was a 15th-century cleric from East Lothian in south-eastern Scotland. Born at an unknown date in the 15th century, he was a son of the Laird of Saltcoats. He chose a career in the church, and became rector of the churches of Forteviot and Weme, and vicar of Innerleithen. By 1474, if not earlier, he had become dean for the whole diocese of Dunkeld. After the death of Thomas Lauder, Livingston was chosen as his successor as Bishop of Dunkeld. Although Livingston's appointment was contested at Rome by Thomas Spens, Bishop of Aberdeen, who wanted to be translated to Dunkeld, Livingston was consecrated on 30 June 1476. Livingston's episcopate is relatively obscure; he spent a good deal of time in Edinburgh, where he is witness to several charters. He died at Edinburgh, on 28 August 1483. He was buried in Inchcolm.

Innerleithen
Innerleithen (Scottish Gaelic: Inbhir Leitheann) is a civil parish and a small town in the committee area of Tweeddale, in the Scottish Borders. It was formerly in the historic county of Peeblesshire or Tweeddale.