hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Barleycorn
William Napoleon Barleycorn (1848–1925), born in Santa Isabel, Fernando Po, Spanish Guinea and a Krio Fernandino of Igbo descent, was a Primitive Methodist missionary who went to Fernando Po (now known as Bioko) in Africa in the early 1880s. From there, he travelled to Edinburgh University.

Spanish Guinea
Spanish Guinea (Spanish: Guinea Española) was a set of insular and continental territories controlled by Spain from 1778 in the Gulf of Guinea and on the Bight of Bonny, in Central Africa. It gained independence in 1968 as Equatorial Guinea.
Suné Luus
Suné Elbie Luus (/suˈneɪ ˈluːs/ soo-NAY LOOS, Afrikaans pronunciation: [suˈnɛi_ˈluːs]; born 5 January 1996) is a South African professional cricketer, who plays for the national cricket team as a spin bowling all-rounder.

Spin bowling
Spin bowling is a bowling technique in cricket, in which the ball is delivered relatively slowly but with rapid rotation, giving it the potential to deviate sharply after bouncing. A bowler who uses this technique is called a spinner, a spin bowler, or a slow bowler.

It is one of the two main approaches to bowling, the other being fast bowling.

A spinner may bowl with their right-arm or left-arm, and with a finger spin or wrist spin action. Therefore, there are four types of spin bowling: off spin, leg spin, left-arm orthodox spin and left-arm unorthodox spin.

The bowlers with the highest, second-highest and fourth-highest number of wickets in the history of Test cricket, Muttiah Muralitharan, Shane Warne and Anil Kumble, respectively, were spinners.
Hogla, Israel
Hogla (Hebrew: חגלה, lit. 'Partridge') is a moshav in central Israel. Located in the coastal plain to the south of Hadera, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hefer Valley Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 864.

Hadera
Hadera (Hebrew: חדרה, pronounced [χadeˈʁa]) is a city located in the Haifa District of Israel, in the northern Sharon region, approximately 45 kilometers (28 miles) from the major cities of Tel Aviv and Haifa. The city is located along 7 km (5 mi) of the Israeli coastal plain. The city's population includes a notable community of post-Soviet and Ethiopian aliyah arrivals. In 2023 it had a population of 106,765.

Hadera was established in 1891 as a farming colony by members of the Zionist group, Hovevei Zion, from Lithuania and Latvia. By 1948, it was a regional center with a population of 11,800. In 1952, Hadera was declared a city, with jurisdiction over an area of 53,000 dunams.
The Strange Affair of Spring-Heeled Jack
The Strange Affair of Spring-Heeled Jack is a steampunk novel by the British writer Mark Hodder, the first novel in the Burton & Swinburne series; it won the 2010 Philip K. Dick Award. The series follows the adventures of two Victorian-era protagonists based on two  historical figures, Richard Francis Burton and Algernon Charles Swinburne, in mid-late 19th Century London.

The series is framed as an alternate history, and takes place in actual locations such as the Cannibal Club and London's East End, involving many notable personalities of the era, such as Florence Nightingale, Charles Darwin, and explorer John Hanning Speke.  It includes actual historical events, namely the Spring-heeled Jack case, the assassination attempt on Queen Victoria in 1840, the search for the source of the Nile and the development of Darwin's theory of Evolution.

John Hanning Speke
John Hanning Speke (4 May 1827 – 15 September 1864) was an English explorer and army officer who made three exploratory expeditions to Africa. He is most associated with the search for the source of the Nile (known to locals as Kiyira in Luganda) and was the first European to reach Lake Victoria (known to locals as Nam Lolwe in Dholuo and Nnalubaale in Luganda or Ukerewe).
Bonio
Bonio is a brand of dog biscuit sold in the United Kingdom. It was originally sold by Spratts Patent Ltd. of London some 75 years ago, but through various acquisitions, it is now marketed by Nestlé Purina PetCare. Bonio is produced in Aintree, Liverpool.

Aintree
Aintree  is a village and civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton, Merseyside, England. Historically in Lancashire, it lies between Walton and Maghull on the A59 road, it is considered a suburb of Liverpool and is located 6 miles (10 kilometres) northeast of Liverpool city centre. In 2011 the parish had a population of 6,689.

It is best known as the site of Aintree Racecourse, which since the 19th century has staged the Grand National horserace. In the 1950s and 1960s, there was also a three-mile-long international Grand Prix motor racing circuit on the site, which used the same grandstands as the horserace. A shorter form of the racing circuit is still used for various motorsport events.

The northern terminus of the Aintree district is commonly referred to by the local populace as "Old Roan." This nomenclature is a colloquial moniker employed by residents and lacks formal legal recognition as a distinct geographical location.
Nakadera temple ruins
The Nakadera temple ruins (中寺廃寺跡, Nakadera haiji ato) is an archaeological site with the ruins of a Heian period Buddhist temple located in the town of  Mannō, Kagawa Prefecture, on the island of Shikoku, Japan. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 2008.

Shikoku
Shikoku (四国, Shikoku; pronounced [ɕi̥ꜜ.ko.kɯ, ɕi̥.koꜜ.kɯ] ⓘ, lit. 'four provinces') is the smallest of the four main islands of Japan. It is 225 kilometres (140 miles) long and between 50 and 150 kilometres (30 and 95 miles) wide. It has a population of 3.8 million, the least populated of Japan's four main islands. It is south of Honshu and northeast of Kyushu. Shikoku's ancient names include Iyo-no-futana-shima (伊予之二名島), Iyo-shima (伊予島), and Futana-shima (二名島), and its current name refers to the four former provinces that make up the island: Awa, Tosa, Sanuki, and Iyo.
David Harper (antiques expert)
David Kingsley Harper (born 1967 in Middlesbrough, England) is an antiques expert, artist, speaker and writer.

Harper's first television role was in 2005 as presenter of Channel 4's Natural Born Dealers. He has been featured on Through the Keyhole and Ready Steady Cook, and has presented pieces for The Heaven and Earth Show, The One Show, Inside Out and Countryfile Summer Diaries.

In April 2010 he won the first series of Antiques Road Trip, raising £2488 for Children in Need from a starting budget of £200. In addition to regular appearances on Antiques Road Trip, he appears as an antiques expert on Bargain Hunt, Put Your Money Where Your Mouth Is and Cash in the Attic.

Cash in the Attic
Cash in the Attic is a British television programme that aired on BBC One from 4 November 2002 to 24 May 2012. The programme's tagline was The show that helps you find hidden treasures in your home, and then sells them for you at auction. The show was revived by Channel 5 in November 2021 for broadcast in 2022.
Dainius Šuliauskas
Dainius Šuliauskas (born 27 August 1973) is a Lithuanian former professional footballer who played as a defender. He obtained a total number of nine caps for the Lithuania national football team, scoring one goal.

TOPLYGA
The TOPLYGA, previously the A Lyga (2001–2025), is the top division of professional football in Lithuania. It is organized by the Lithuanian Football Federation (LFF) (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Futbolo Federacija).
Closing milestones of the Dow Jones Industrial Average
This article is a summary of the closing milestones of the Dow Jones Industrial Average, a United States stock market index. Since first closing at 62.76 on February 16, 1885, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has increased, despite several periods of decline.

Stock market index
In finance, a stock market index or stock index is an index that measures the performance of a stock market, or of a subset of a stock market. It helps investors compare current stock price levels with past prices to calculate market performance.

Two of the primary criteria of an index are that it is investable and transparent: The methods of its construction are specified. Investors may be able to invest in a stock market index by buying an index fund, which is structured as either a mutual fund or an exchange-traded fund, and "tracks" an index. The difference between an index fund's performance and the index, if any, is called tracking error.
Lusadiya railway station
Lusadiya railway station is a railway station on Ahmedabad–Udaipur Line under the Ajmer railway division of North Western Railway zone. This is situated at Lusadiya, Rampur in Aravalli district of the Indian state of Gujarat.

North Western Railway zone
The North Western Railway (abbreviated NWR) is one of 19 railway zones in India. It is headquartered at Jaipur. It has a route length of more than 5,761 kilometres (3,580 mi) across the states of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab and Haryana. NWR operates international rail service Thar Express from Jodhpur to Karachi. This zone is the key enabler of the Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) project by virtue of running railways 1,500 km long Western Dedicated Freight Corridor.
Sturtevant Hall
Sturtevant Hall is a historic academic building on the campus of Hebron Academy in Hebron, Maine. Built in 1891, this Romanesque and Colonial Revival brick building is an elegant design of Maine architect, John Calvin Stevens. It is one of the main focal points of the school's modern campus, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

John Calvin Stevens
John Calvin Stevens (October 8, 1855 – January 25, 1940) was an American architect who worked in the Shingle Style, in which he was a major innovator, and the Colonial Revival style. He designed more than 1,000 buildings in the state of Maine.
March 821
The March 821 was a British Formula One racing car used by the John MacDonald-owned RAM Racing in the 1982 Formula One World Championship. Regardless of its model designation, the car had no connection with long-established race car manufacturer March Engineering. The car did not score any world championship points. Designed by Adrian Reynard, a total of five cars were built. It was also the last Formula One car to bear the "March" name until 1987, with March focusing most of their attention and resources into CART IndyCar racing.

Adrian Reynard
Adrian John Reynard (born 23 March 1951 in Welwyn, England) is a businessman and commercial astronaut. He is the founder of Reynard Motorsport, which was a successful racing car manufacturer before it went bankrupt in 2002.
Robert Laws
Robert Laws FRGS FRSGS (1851–1934) was a Scottish missionary who headed the Livingstonia mission in the Nyasaland Protectorate (now Malawi) for more than 50 years. The mission played a crucial role in educating Africans during the colonial era. It emphasized skills with which the pupils could become self-sufficient in trade, agriculture or industry as opposed to working as subordinates to European settlers.
Laws supported the aspirations of political leaders such as Simon Muhango and Levi Zililo Mumba, both educated at Livingstonia schools.

United Presbyterian Church (Scotland)
The United Presbyterian Church (1847–1900) was a Scottish Presbyterian denomination. It was formed in 1847 by the union of the United Secession Church and the Relief Church, and in 1900 merged with the Free Church of Scotland to form the United Free Church of Scotland, which in turn united with the Church of Scotland in 1929. For most of its existence, the United Presbyterian Church was the third largest presbyterian church in Scotland, and stood on the liberal wing of Scots Presbyterianism. The church's name was often abbreviated to the initials UP.
Makthar Museum
The Makthar Museum is a small Tunisian museum, inaugurated in 1967, located on the Makthar Archaeological Site, the ancient Mactaris. Initially a simple site museum using a building constructed to serve as a café on the site of a marabout, it comprises three rooms, some of which are displayed outside in a lapidary garden. Additionally, just behind the museum are the remains of a basilica.

The collection, primarily consisting of items found during excavations conducted on the site or in its immediate vicinity, is representative of the history of Tunisia from the Punic-Numidian period to the end of the Ancient history, including traces of Christianity in the Byzantine era.

Exarchate of Africa
The Exarchate of Africa was a division of the Byzantine Empire around Carthage that encompassed its possessions on the Western Mediterranean. Ruled by an exarch (viceroy), it was established by the Emperor Maurice in 591 and lasted until the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb in the late 7th century. It was, along with the Exarchate of Ravenna, one of two exarchates established following the reconquests of the western territories by Emperor Justinian I.
Mexico national baseball team
The Mexico national baseball team (Spanish: Selección de béisbol de México), it is also known in Spanish by the nickname Novena Mexicana (English: Mexican Nonet), is the baseball team that represents Mexico in international tournaments. It is currently the 4th-ranked baseball team in the world.

Team Mexico will compete in the 2026 World Baseball Classic in March 2026.

2026 World Baseball Classic
The 2026 World Baseball Classic is an international professional baseball tournament between 20 national baseball teams, planned to be the sixth iteration of the World Baseball Classic (WBC), and to be played from March 5 to 17, 2026. Its pool-play rounds will be played in Miami, Florida; Houston, Texas; San Juan, Puerto Rico; and Tokyo, Japan. The quarterfinals will be split between Miami and Houston, the semi-finals and the final will be played in Miami.

The top two teams from the Americas (alongside Olympic hosts United States) will qualify for the 2028 Olympic baseball tournament, to be held in Los Angeles. Japan is the defending champion, having defeated the United States in the 2023 WBC championship game.
Black-capped warbling finch
The black-capped warbling finch (Microspingus melanoleucus) is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae.
It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and western Uruguay.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland.

Tanager
The tanagers (singular /ˈtænədʒər/) comprise the bird family Thraupidae, in the order Passeriformes. The family has a Neotropical distribution and is the second-largest family of birds. It represents about 4% of all avian species and 12% of the Neotropical birds.

Traditionally, the family contained around 240 species of mostly brightly colored fruit-eating birds. As more of these birds were studied using modern molecular techniques, it became apparent that the traditional families were not monophyletic. Euphonia and Chlorophonia, which were once considered part of the tanager family, are now treated as members of the Fringillidae, in their own subfamily (Euphoniinae). Likewise, the genera Piranga (which includes the scarlet tanager, summer tanager, and western tanager), Chlorothraupis, and Habia appear to be members of the family Cardinalidae, and have been reassigned to that family by the American Ornithological Society.
GridIron Master
GridIron Master is a wooden board game invented by Brett Proud, Craig Proud, Paul Morin and Jordan Sampson. It was first published by Canadian company PHI Sports Games in 2007. It combines the strategic elements of gridiron football (American and Canadian football) with chess. The Canadian Edition of GridIron Master is licensed by the Canadian Football League Players' Association (CFLPA).

Canadian Football League Players' Association
The Canadian Football League Players' Association (CFLPA) represents Canadian football players in the Canadian Football League (CFL). The association was established in 1965, when local lawyer John Agro became concerned by the number of Hamilton Tiger-Cats players approaching him with legal questions about contracts, medical coverage and pensions.

All CFLPA presidents have been active or retired CFL players. The first president was Gary Schreider, who had recently retired as a player for the Ottawa Rough Riders upon the union's founding. The current president (since 2020) is Solomon Elimimian.

In June 2010, the CFLPA and the CFL announced the details of a new four-year collective bargaining agreement.

The CFL's annual John Agro Special Teams Award, voted on by the players, is named for CFLPA co-founder and long-time legal counsel John Agro, QC.

On April 18, 2024, the CFLPA affiliated with the Canadian Labour Congress.
Solidago juliae
Solidago juliae, known as Julia's goldenrod, is a plant native to central and western Texas (trans-Pecos and Edwards Plateau regions), as well as southern Arizona, Chihuahua, Coahuila and Nuevo León. It occurs in grasslands, woodlands, and on freshwater shores.

Solidago juliae is a perennial herb sometimes as much as 250 cm (100 inches or 8 1/3 feet) tall. One plant can produce as many as 950 yellowflower heads, borne in a large showy panicle at the top of the plant. Each head contains 9-15 ray florets surrounding 5-9 disc florets.

Species is named for Julia Wells Nesom.

Edwards Plateau
The Edwards Plateau is a geographic region forming the crossroads of Central, South and West Texas, United States. It is named in honor of Haden Edwards. It is bounded by the Balcones Fault to the south and east; the Llano Uplift and the Llano Estacado to the north; and the Pecos River and Chihuahuan Desert to the west. San Angelo, Austin, San Antonio and Del Rio roughly outline the area. The plateau, especially its southeast portion, is also known as the Texas Hill Country.
Austin Post (photographer)
Austin S. Post (16 March 1922 – 12 November 2012) was a photographer, glaciologist, and mountaineer known for his aerial photography of the mountains and glaciers of North America, particularly the North Cascades of Washington and Glacier Bay, Alaska.

Post worked for many years as a research scientist for the United States Geological Survey and was awarded an honorary degree from the University of Alaska-Fairbanks in 2004, despite not having graduated from high school. Many of his photographs were used in the Cascade Alpine Guide series by Fred Beckey. Post named Bradford Washburn as a photographic influence. He lived on Vashon Island, Washington.

Glaciology
Glaciology (from Latin  glacies 'frost, ice' and Ancient Greek  λόγος (logos) 'subject matter'; lit. 'study of ice') is the scientific study of glaciers, or, more generally, ice and natural phenomena that involve ice.

Glaciology is an interdisciplinary Earth science that integrates geophysics, geology, physical geography, geomorphology, climatology, meteorology, hydrology, biology, and ecology. The impact of glaciers on people includes the fields of human geography and anthropology. The discoveries of water ice on the Moon, Mars, Europa and Pluto add an extraterrestrial component to the field, which is referred to as "astroglaciology".
1959 Meath Senior Football Championship
The 1959 Meath Senior Football Championship is the 67th edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for senior graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 13 teams. The 1959 season was the first season that the championship employed a straight knock-out format on a permanent basis after it was tested on a trial basis in 1957. This was maintained until 1964.

This season saw St. Mary's Bettystown's return to the top flight after claiming the 1958 Meath Intermediate Football Championship title, ending their 12 year exodus from the top-flight.

Navan O'Mahonys were the defending champions after they defeated Skryne in the previous years final replay, and they successfully defended their crown to claim their 4th S.F.C. title (3-in-a-row) by defeating Skryne again in the final at Trim by 1-9 to 2-5 on 30 August 1959. Brendan Cahill raised the Keegan Cup for the Hoops.

At the end of the season no club was regraded.

1958 Meath Intermediate Football Championship
The 1958 Meath Intermediate Football Championship is the 32nd edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for intermediate graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 10 teams. The championship format consists of a group stage before progressing to a knock-out stage.

This was the first year that the Junior 'B' (or Division II) Championship was implemented.

No team was regraded from the 1957 S.F.C.

At the end of the season Kilberry, Ratoath and Summerhill applied to be regraded to the 1959 J.A.F.C.

On 2 November 1958, St. Mary's Bettystown claimed their 1st Intermediate championship title when they defeated Fordstown 3-5 to 2-4 in the final at Pairc Tailteann.
Graessle
Gräßle or Graessle is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adam Graessle (born 1984), American football player

Ingeborg Gräßle (born 1961), German politician

Isabelle Graesslé (born 1959), French theologian

Adam Graessle
Adam Vincent Graessle (born November 25, 1984) is an American former football punter. He was signed by the Green Bay Packers as an undrafted free agent in 2009. He played college football at Pittsburgh.

Graessle was also a member of the California Redwoods and Pittsburgh Steelers.
Preamble (company)
Preamble is a U.S.-based AI safety startup founded in 2021. It provides tools and services to help companies securely deploy and manage large language models (LLMs). Preamble is known for its contributions to identifying and mitigating prompt injection attacks in LLMs.

GPT-3
Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3 (GPT-3) is a large language model released by OpenAI in 2020.

Like its predecessor, GPT-2, it is a decoder-only transformer model of deep neural network, which supersedes recurrence and convolution-based architectures with a technique known as "attention". This attention mechanism allows the model to focus selectively on segments of input text it predicts to be most relevant. GPT-3 has 175 billion parameters, each with 16-bit precision, requiring 350GB of storage since each parameter occupies 2 bytes. It has a context window size of 2,048 tokens,: 43  and has demonstrated strong "zero-shot" and "few-shot" learning abilities on many tasks.

On September 22, 2020, Microsoft announced that it had licensed GPT-3 exclusively. Others can still receive output from its public API, but only Microsoft has access to the underlying model.
Katia Passerini
Katia Passerini is an Italian academic administrator who has served as provost at Seton Hall University since 2020. She served as the interim president of Seton Hall University from 2023 to 2024. She was announced as the 27th president-elect of Gonzaga University on January 15, 2025 to succeed Dr. Thayne McCulloh in July of 2025.

Provost (education)
A provost is a senior academic administrator. At many institutions of higher education, the provost is the chief academic officer, a role that may be combined with being deputy to the chief executive officer. In some institutions, they may be the chief executive officer of a university, of a branch campus of a university, or of a college within a university.