hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technological University, Thiruvananthapuram
APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University (initially, Kerala Technological University) or KTU is a state public technological university headquartered at Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

KTU is an All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) and University Grants Commission (UGC) approved university that offers undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral degrees in engineering, technology, and management-related streams. Named after the Indian aerospace scientist and statesman A. P. J. Abdul Kalam in 2015, it is both an affiliation and teaching university, with more than 170 affiliated colleges and over 160,000 students enrolled, having jurisdiction over the 14 districts of Kerala.

It is a relatively new and reformed technological university, with its first batch enrolled in the academic year 2015-16.

State university (India)
In India, state universities are run and funded by the state government of each of the states of India.

Following the adoption of the Constitution of India in 1950, education became a state responsibility. Following a constitutional change in 1976, it became a joint responsibility of the states and the central government.

As of 23 August 2022, the UGC lists 456 state universities.
Two dots (diacritic)
Diacritical marks of two dots ¨, placed side-by-side over or under a letter, are used in several languages for several different purposes. The most familiar to English-language speakers are the diaeresis and the umlaut, though there are numerous others. For example, in Albanian, ë represents a schwa. Such diacritics are also sometimes used for stylistic reasons (as in the family name Brontë or the band name Mötley Crüe).

In modern computer systems using Unicode, the two-dot diacritics are almost always encoded identically, having the same code point. For example, U+00F6 ö LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS represents both o-umlaut and o-diaeresis. Their appearance in print or on screen may vary between typefaces but rarely within the same typeface.

The word trema (French: tréma), used in linguistics and also classical scholarship, describes the form of both the umlaut diacritic and the diaeresis rather than their function and is used in those contexts to refer to either.

Code point
A code point, codepoint or code position is a particular position in a table, where the position has been assigned a meaning. The table may be one dimensional (a column), two dimensional (like cells in a spreadsheet), three dimensional (sheets in a workbook), etc... in any number of dimensions.

Technically, a code point is a unique position in a quantized n-dimensional space, where the position has been assigned a semantic meaning. The table has discrete (whole) and positive positions (1, 2, 3, 4, but not fractions).

Code points are used in a multitude of formal information processing and telecommunication standards. For example ITU-T Recommendation T.35 contains a set of country codes for telecommunications equipment (originally fax machines) which allow equipment to indicate its country of manufacture or operation. In T.35, Argentina is represented by the code point 0x07, Canada by 0x20, Gambia by 0x41, etc.
Hirata Station (Kōchi)
Hirata Station (平田駅, Hirata-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Sukumo, Kōchi Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the third-sector Tosa Kuroshio Railway and has the station number "TK45".

Tosa Kuroshio Railway
The Tosa Kuroshio Railway (土佐くろしお鉄道, Tosa Kuroshio Tetsudō) is a third-sector railway company in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan. The name comes from the former Tosa Province and the Kuroshio Current. The company was founded in 1986, and operates three lines: a former Japanese National Railways (JNR) line (the Nakamura Line) and two planned JNR lines on which construction had commenced but then been suspended due to JNR construction funds being diverted to shinkansen projects in the 1980s  (the Sukumo and Asa lines). After its formation, the company recommenced construction and subsequently opened the lines and now operates them.
Dankmar Bosse
Dankmar Bosse (born 30 May 1940 in Weimar) is a German geologist.

He studied at the Bergakademie in Freiberg/Saxony Geology, Palaeontology and Mineralogy and worked at the Central Geological Institute in Berlin-East until 1989, mainly on topics related to the regional geology of Central Europe. After that, he worked as a freelancer, giving seminars, lectures, excursions and geology lectures at Waldorf schools. Since his student days he has devoted himself to anthroposophical research work in all geoscientific fields.

After the publication of the German original of his book "Mutual Evolution of Earth and Humanity: Sketch of a Geology and Paleontology of the Living Earth" in 2002 he was accused by Wolfgang Schad and other Goetheanists of falsifications of the source material used and scientifically untenable statements and interpretations.

He lives in Berlin-Pankow.

Freiberg University of Mining and Technology
The Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg (abbreviation: TU Bergakademie Freiberg, TUBAF) is a public university of technology with 4,389 students in the city of Freiberg, Saxony, in Germany. The university's focuses are exploration, mining and extraction, processing, and recycling of natural resources & scrap, as well as developing new materials and researching renewable energies. It is the oldest university of mining and metallurgy in the world.
Caeno
Caeno or Kaino (Ancient Greek: Καινώ) was a town of ancient Crete, which, according to the legend of the purification of Apollo by Carmanor at Tarrha, is supposed to have existed in the neighbourhood of that place and Elyrus. According to mythology, the Cretan goddess Britomartis was the daughter of Zeus and Carma, granddaughter of Carmanor, and was said to have been born at Caeno.

The site of Caeno is unlocated.

History of Crete
The history of Crete goes back to the 7th millennium BC, preceding the ancient Minoan civilization by more than four millennia. The Minoan civilization was the first civilization in Europe.

During the Iron Age, Crete developed an Ancient Greece-influenced organization of city-states, then successively became part of the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, the Venetian Republic, the Ottoman Empire, an autonomous state, and the modern state of Greece.
Alexander Yushchenko
Alexander Andreyevich Yushchenko (Russian: Александр Андреевич Ющенко; born 19 November 1969, Mazyr, Gomel Region) is a Russian political figure and a deputy of the 6th, 7th, and 8th State Dumas.

In the 1990s, Yushchenko engaged in political activities and journalism. He worked with Alexander Nevzorov on the TV news program 600 Seconds. In 1995, he started working on information support of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. He also served as an advisor to Gennady Zyuganov. In 2007, he headed the press services of the Communist Party. From 2007 to 2011, he was the deputy of the People's Khural of the Republic of Buryatia of the 4th convocation. From 2011 to 2016, he was the deputy of the 6th State Duma. In 2016 and 2021, he was re-elected deputy of the 7th and 8th State Dumas.

He was sanctioned by the UK government on 11 March 2022 in relation to the Russo-Ukrainian War.

People's Khural of the Republic of Buryatia
The People's Khural of the Republic of Buryatia (Russian: Народный хурал Республики Бурятия, romanized: Narodny khural Respubliki Buryatiya; Buryat: Буряад Уласай Арадай Хурал, romanized: Buryaad Ulasay Araday Khural, [burʲˈaːt ulɐˈsæ ɑrɐˈdæ xurˈɑl]) is the regional parliament of Buryatia, a federal subject of Russia. Its 66 deputies are popularly elected every five years. Half of the deputies are elected through a proportional system, and the other half are elected in single-member constituencies with majorities. Independent deputies are self-nominated.

Elections are called by the People's Khural at least three months before the expiration of terms of deputies. Deputies are chosen by the general populace voting for their party's representatives.

The first Chairman of the People's Khural was Mikhail Innokentyevich Semyonov, who is, as of current, the only person to hold the office for two terms in a row.
Barthélemy Pouliot
Barthélemy Pouliot (October 15, 1811 – February 26, 1890) was a Quebec businessman and political figure. He represented L'Islet in the 1st Canadian Parliament as a Conservative member.

He was born in Saint-Jean on the Île d'Orléans in 1811 and was educated at Quebec City. He became a merchant in L'Islet-sur-Mer. Pouliot was one of the founders of the Québec, Chaudière, Maine and Portland Railway. He also served as justice of the peace. Pouliot was elected to the House of Commons in 1867; his election was annulled after an appeal but he was reelected in an 1869 by-election.

He died at L'Islet in 1890.

L'Islet (federal electoral district)
L'Islet (French pronunciation: [lilɛ]) was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1935.

It was created by the British North America Act, 1867 and consisted of the County of L'Islet. It was amalgamated into the Kamouraska and Montmagny—L'Islet electoral districts in 1933.
Nekaneet Reserve
The Nekaneet Reserve is an Indian reserve of the Nekaneet Cree Nation in Saskatchewan. It is 121 kilometres southwest of Swift Current. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 182 living in 46 of its 62 total private dwellings. In the same year, its Community Well-Being index was calculated at 58 of 100, compared to 58.4 for the average First Nations community and 77.5 for the average non-Indigenous community.

Swift Current
Swift Current is the sixth-largest city in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It is situated along the Trans Canada Highway, 177 kilometres (110 mi) west of Moose Jaw, 223 kilometres (139 mi) east of Medicine Hat, Alberta, and 254 kilometres (158 mi) west of the provincial capital city, Regina. As of 2021, Swift Current has an estimated population of 16,750, a growth of 0.9% from the 2016 census population of 16,604. The city is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Swift Current No. 137.
Sportanlagen Trinermatten
Sportanlagen Trinermatten is a stadium in Zofingen, Canton Aargau, Switzerland.  It is currently used for football matches and is the home ground of SC Zofingen. The stadium opened in 1974, and has one covered grandstand with seating for 670.

Aargau
Aargau (/ˈɑːrɡaʊ/ AR-gow, Swiss Standard German: [ˈaːrɡaʊ] ⓘ), more formally the Canton of Aargau (German: Kanton Aargau; Romansh: Chantun Argovia; French: Canton d'Argovie; Italian: Canton Argovia), is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of eleven districts and its capital is Aarau.

Aargau is one of the most northerly cantons of Switzerland, by the lower course of the Aare River, which is why it is called Aar-gau ("Aare province"). It is one of the most densely populated regions of Switzerland.
Stand Up.BG
Stand Up.BG or Stand Up Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Изправи се.БГ, romanized: Izpravi se.BG) is a Bulgarian non-governmental organization and political party which was founded by Maya Manolova on December 6, 2019.

Nastimir Ananiev
Nastimir Ananiev (born 17 July 1975 in Sofia) is a Bulgarian politician. From 2014 to 2017 he represented the movement "Bulgaria of Citizens" in the Bulgarian National Assembly. In 2018, he founded Volt Bulgaria and stood for the party as a top candidate in the 2019 European elections. In 2021, he was elected to the National Assembly as his party's top candidate in the parliamentary elections in November 2021.
Brest attack
The National Liberation Army (NLA) launched an attack near the village of Brest on 9 March 2001 during the insurgency in Macedonia. The NLA ambushed a Macedonian convoy, after they were defeated and forced to withdraw by KFOR troops in the village of Tanuševci.

National Liberation Army (Macedonia)
The National Liberation Army (NLA; Albanian: Ushtria Çlirimtare Kombëtare, abbr. UÇK; Macedonian: Ослободителна народна армија, romanized: Osloboditelna narodna armija, abbr. ONA), also known as the Macedonian UÇK (Albanian: UÇK Maqedonase; Macedonian: Македонска УЧК, romanized: Makedonska UČK), was an ethnic Albanian militia that initiated the insurgency in the Republic of Macedonia in 2001 and was closely associated with the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA). Following the insurgency, it was disarmed through the Ohrid Framework Agreement, which gave greater rights and autonomy to the state's Macedonian Albanians.
Abdulafees Abdulsalam
Abdulafees Abdulsalamlistenⓘ (born 13 April 1984) is a Nigerian football player. He is an attacking player who can play striker based on his physical capability and football sense.

Abdulafees has played for clubs in Nigeria, Benin, China, Malaysia, and the Middle East.

In the second transfer window of the 2014 Malaysia Super League in April 2014, he joined Perak FA after a successful trial.

He was a part of the Nigeria U17 in 2001 African U-17 Championship, who finished as the first rank in Group A, making it through to the next round, before winning gold medal in Seychelles

2014 Malaysia Super League
The 2014 Liga Super (English: 2014 Super League) also known as the Astro Liga Super for sponsorship reasons is the 11th season of the Liga Super, the top-tier professional football league in Malaysia.

The season was held from 17 January and concluded on 25 June 2014.

The Liga Super champions for 2014 was Johor Darul Ta'zim.
Macropogones
The Macropogones (Ancient Greek: Μακροπώγωνες, literally "longbeards") were an ancient people who lived in Abkhazia (and as such likely spoke a Northwest Caucasian language).  Their name in Greek means "Big Beards" or "Long Beards".  This is a sobriquet and the name they called themselves was likely different.

Sobriquet
A sobriquet (/ˈsoʊ.brɪ.ˌkeɪ, ˌsoʊ.brɪ.ˈkeɪ/ SOH-brih-kay, -⁠KAY) is a descriptive nickname, sometimes assumed, but often given by another. A sobriquet is distinct from a pseudonym in that it is typically a familiar name used in place of a real name without the need for explanation; it may even become more familiar than the original name.

An example is Mohandas Gandhi, who is better known as Mahatma Gandhi ("mahatma" means "great soul" in Sanskrit).

The term sobriquet is equally applicable as a name for a person, group of people, historical event, or place. Well-known places often have sobriquets, such as New York City, often called the "Big Apple", or Rome, the "Eternal City", or Vienna, the "Golden Apple" or Paris the "City of Light".
Öskjuvatn
Öskjuvatn (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈœscʏˌvahtn̥] ⓘ, "Askja Lake") is a lake in the Highlands of Iceland. Its surface area is about 11 km2. With a depth of 217 m (712 ft), it is the second-deepest lake in Iceland after Jökulsárlón.

The lake is situated in the crater of the volcano Askja in the northeast of the glacier Vatnajökull.  The name Öskjuvatn simply means Askja lake. Like the neighbouring crater Víti, it was created by an enormous volcanic eruption in 1875.

Volcanic crater
A volcanic crater is an approximately circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity. It is typically a bowl-shaped feature containing one or more vents. During volcanic eruptions, molten magma and volcanic gases rise from an underground magma chamber, through a conduit, until they reach the crater's vent, from where the gases escape into the atmosphere and the magma is erupted as lava. A volcanic crater can be of large dimensions and sometimes of great depth. During certain types of explosive eruptions, a volcano's magma chamber may empty enough for an area above it to subside, forming a type of larger depression known as a caldera.
Gorzyce, Silesian Voivodeship
Gorzyce [ɡɔˈʐɨt͡sɛ] is a village and the seat of Gmina Gorzyce in Wodzisław County, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland. It lies near the border with the Czech Republic, approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south-west of Wodzisław Śląski.

Wodzisław County
Wodzisław County (Polish: powiat wodzisławski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Czech border. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Wodzisław Śląski, which lies 49 kilometres (30 mi) south-west of the regional capital Katowice. The county contains three other towns: Rydułtowy, 7 km (4 mi) north of Wodzisław Śląski, Radlin, 4 km (2 mi) north-east of Wodzisław Śląski, and Pszów, 7 km (4 mi) north-west of Wodzisław Śląski.

The county covers an area of 286.92 square kilometres (110.8 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 157,346, out of which the population of Wodzisław Śląski is 47,992, that of Rydułtowy is 21,616, that of Radlin is 17,776, that of Pszów is 13,896, and the rural population is 56,066.
Novoyumranovo
Novoyumranovo (Russian: Новоюмраново; Bashkir: Яңы Йомран, Yañı Yomran) is a rural locality (a village) in Chekmagushevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 55 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

Chekmagushevsky District
Chekmagushevsky District (Russian: Чекмагу́шевский райо́н; Bashkir: Саҡмағош районы, romanized: Saqmağoş rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Dyurtyulinsky District in the north, Kushnarenkovsky District in the east, Blagovarsky District in the southeast, Buzdyaksky District in the south, Sharansky District in the southwest, Bakalinsky District in the west, and with Ilishevsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 1,692 square kilometers (653 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Chekmagush. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 30,780, with the population of Chekmagush accounting for 37.0% of that number.
Sir Thomas Clarges, 4th Baronet
Sir Thomas Clarges (c. 1780 – 17 February 1834) was the son of Sir Thomas Clarges, 3rd Baronet and Louisa Skrine. He was a pupil at Eton College, matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford in 1799, and graduated from Oxford University in 1802. He succeeded as the 4th Baronet Clarges, of St. Martin's in the Fields in the County of Middlesex, on 23 December 1782. From 1803 until his death, he was Constable of Durham Castle in the County Palatine. In addition to his landed estates (including Bitchfield and Norton Disney in Lincolnshire, and Sutton-on-Derwent, near York), he also owned a half-share in the Theatre Royal, Brighton, which he had purchased in 1807. He died on 17 February 1834 at Brighton, unmarried. On his death, his baronetcy became extinct. His will was proven (by probate) in March 1834.

Durham Castle
Durham Castle is a Norman castle in the city of Durham, England, which has been occupied since 1837 by University College, Durham after its previous role as the residence of the Bishops of Durham. Designated since 1986 as a cultural World Heritage Site in England, along with Durham Cathedral, the castle is open to the general public to visit, but only through guided tours, since it is in use as a working building and is home to over 100 students. The castle stands on top of a hill above the River Wear on Durham's peninsula, opposite Durham Cathedral (grid reference NZ274423).
Shimun IX Dinkha
Mar Shimun IX Dinkha was the fourth Patriarch of the Chaldean Catholic Church, from 1580 to c.1600.

He moved the seat of the patriarchate of Babylon of the Chaldean Catholic church from Siirt in the Ottoman Empire to Urmia in the Safavid Empire, whereas his successor Shimun X Eliyah moved it to Salmas.

Mar Shimun IX Dinkha was the last Patriarch of the Shemʿon line to be formally recognized by Rome. He reintroduced the hereditary succession, an unacceptable practice by Roman Catholic Church. His hereditary line of successors Shimun X Eliyah (c. 1600–1638), Shimun XI Eshuyow (1638–1656), Shimun XII Yoalaha (1656–1662) and Shimun XIII Dinkha (1662–1692) resided all in Salmas and were not recognized by Rome.

Shimun XIII Dinkha moved the See to Qochanis in the Ottoman Empire and from 1692 became Patriarch of the Church of the East continuing the Shemʿon line there.

Siirt
Siirt (Kurdish: سێرت, romanized: Sêrt; Arabic: سِعِرْد, romanized: Veleye; Armenian: Սղերդ, romanized: S'gherd; Syriac: ܣܥܪܬ, romanized: Siirt;) is a city in the Siirt District of Siirt Province in Turkey. It had a population of 160,340 in 2021. The city is predominantly inhabited by Kurds and is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan.
Basilica of St. Josaphat
The Basilica of St. Josaphat is a Catholic minor basilica in the Lincoln Village neighborhood of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. It was built in 1901 in the Polish cathedral style by Milwaukee's Polish immigrant community. The basilica is named for Josaphat Kuntsevych, a Ruthenian martyr and saint.

The basilica was constructed with materials from the former US Custom House, Court House, and Post Office in Chicago. Pope Pius XI designated St. Josaphat Church as the third minor basilica in the US in 1929. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is a designated Milwaukee Landmark.

Frederick Katzer
Frederick Xavier Katzer (February 7, 1844 – July 20, 1903) was an Austrian-born American Catholic prelate who served as archbishop of Milwaukee in Wisconsin from 1891 to 1903. He previously served as bishop of Green Bay in Wisconsin (1886–1891).
Sukhodol, Fatezhsky District, Kursk Oblast
Sukhodol (Russian: Суходол) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Soldatsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Fatezhsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  37 (2010 Census); 70 (2002 Census); 96 (1989 Soviet census).

Kursk Oblast
Kursk Oblast (Russian: Курская область, romanized: Kurskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [ˈkurskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kursk. As of the 2021 census, Kursk Oblast had a population of 1,082,458.
Davaajav Battör
Battöriin Davaajav (Mongolian: Баттөрийн Даваажав; born 20 May 1990) is a Mongolian footballer who plays as a defender for Mongolian Premier League club Erchim and the Mongolian national team. He made his first appearance for the Mongolia national football team in 2015.

Mongolian Premier League
The Mongolian Premier League (Монголын Үндэсний Дээд Лиг) is the top-tier professional football league of Mongolia. It is contested by ten clubs and operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the 1st League. The league is controlled by the Mongolian Football Federation.

The inaugural season started in 1955. Seasons start in late April and last until late October or early November because of the low temperatures in the winter, with each championship corresponding to a calendar year. Teams play 18 matches each (playing each team in the league twice, home and away), totalling 90 matches in the season.
M. J. Appaji Gowda
M. J. Appaji Gowda (20 June 1951 - 2 September 2020) was a Janata Dal (Secular) political activist and member of the Karnataka Legislative Council.
 He died on 2 September 2020, after testing positive for COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in India.

Janata Dal (Secular)
The Janata Dal (Secular) (transl. People's Party (Secular); abbr. JD(S)) is an Indian political party recognised as a state party in the Indian states of Karnataka, Kerala and Arunachal Pradesh. It was founded by the former prime minister of India H. D. Deve Gowda in July 1999 as a breakaway faction from the Janata Dal.