hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Portrait of Alessandro Manzoni
Portrait of Alessandro Manzoni is an 1841 oil-on-canvas portrait of Alessandro Manzoni by the Italian painter Francesco Hayez, now in the Pinacoteca di Brera. It was commissioned in 1840 by Manzoni's second wife countess Teresa Borri Stampa and his son Stefano. After fifteen sittings the painter completed the work on 26 June 1841. Eight years later Teresa commissioned a portrait of herself by the same artist.

Francesco Hayez
Francesco Hayez (Italian: [franˈtʃesko ˈaːjets]; 10 February 1791 – 12 February 1882) was an Italian painter. He is considered one of the leading artists of Romanticism in mid-19th-century Milan, and is renowned for his grand historical paintings, political allegories, and portraits.
Christoph Schütz
Christoph Schütz (6 November 1689 in Umstadt, Germany – 4 January 1750 in Bad Homburg, Germany) was a pietist writer and a songbook publisher.

Schütz's book, Die Güldene Rose. . . von der Wiederbringung Aller Dinge (The Golden Rose . . . on the Restoration of All Things) influenced George Rapp and his Harmony Society so much at one point that they used the symbol of the rose and the Bible verse Micah 4:8 as the symbol of their communal society for a couple of years.

Bad Homburg
Bad Homburg vor der Höhe (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈhɔmbʊʁk foːɐ̯ deːɐ̯ ˈhøːə] ⓘ, lit. 'Bad Homburg before the Height') is the district town of the Hochtaunuskreis, Hesse, Germany, on the southern slope of the Taunus mountains. Bad Homburg is part of the Frankfurt Rhein-Main urban area. The town's official name is Bad Homburg v.d.Höhe, which distinguishes it from other places named Homburg.

The town has become best known for its mineral springs and spa (hence the prefix Bad, meaning "bath"), and for its casino.

As of 2004, the town used the marketing slogan Champagnerluft und Tradition (Champagne air and tradition).

As of 2021, Bad Homburg was one of the wealthiest towns in Germany (while the Hochtaunuskreis itself and the Landkreis Starnberg in Bavaria regularly vie for the title of the wealthiest district in Germany).
Adriaan Pattin
Adriaan Pattin (1914–2005) was a Belgian historian of medieval philosophy. His 1966 edition of the Pseudo-Aristotelian Liber de Causis, although intended to be "provisional", was for decades the best version available to scholars.

Pseudo-Aristotle
Pseudo-Aristotle is a general cognomen for authors of philosophical or medical treatises who attributed their works to the Greek philosopher Aristotle, or whose work was later attributed to him by others. Such falsely attributed works are known as pseudepigrapha. The term Corpus Aristotelicum covers both the authentic and spurious works of Aristotle.
Bean Validation
Bean Validation defines a metadata model and API for JavaBean validation. The metadata source is annotations, with the ability to override and extend the meta-data through the use of XML validation descriptors.

Originally defined as part of Java EE, version 2 aims to work in Java SE apps as well.

Java Bean Validation (JSR 303) originated as a framework that was approved by the JCP as of 16 November 2009 and accepted as part of the Java EE 6 specification. The Hibernate team provides with Hibernate Validator the reference implementation of Bean Validation and also created the Bean Validation TCK any implementation of JSR 303 needs to pass.

JavaBeans
In computing based on the Java Platform, JavaBeans is a technology developed by Sun Microsystems and released in 1996, as part of JDK 1.1.

The 'beans' of JavaBeans are classes that encapsulate one or more objects into a single standardized object (the bean). This standardization allows the beans to be handled in a more generic fashion, allowing easier code reuse and introspection. This in turn allows the beans to be treated as software components, and to be manipulated visually by editors and IDEs without needing any initial configuration, or to know any internal implementation details.

As part of the standardization, all beans must be serializable, have a zero-argument constructor, and allow access to properties using getter and setter methods.
Jon Morrison
Jon Morrison is a Scottish actor who has appeared in many plays, films and television series since the early 1970s, including The Bill, Bergerac, Taggart and Vera.

His best-known parts have been in the Peter McDougall plays Just Another Saturday (1975), about sectarianism in Glasgow, and The Elephants' Graveyard (1976), both with Billy Connolly and both part of BBC's Play for Today series. He also featured in Gary Oldman's Nil by Mouth (1997)and Ken Loach's Sweet Sixteen.

Morrison portrayed DC Kenny Lockhart in the ITV detective series Vera, from the start of the programme in 2011 up to and including the final series in 2025.

Taggart
Taggart is a Scottish detective fiction television programme created by Glenn Chandler, who wrote many of the episodes, and made by STV Studios for the ITV network. It originally ran as the miniseries Killer from 6 until 20 September 1983, before a full series was commissioned that ran from 2 July 1985 until 7 November 2010. The series revolved around a group of detectives initially in the Maryhill CID of Strathclyde Police, though various storylines were set in other parts of Greater Glasgow and in other areas of Scotland. The team operated out of the fictional John Street police station. Mark McManus, who played the title character Jim Taggart, died in 1994. However, the series continued under the same name. Taggart is one of the UK's longest-running television dramas.
Sebastian Werle
Sebastian Werle (born 23 December 1984) is a retired German international rugby union player, having last playing for the RG Heidelberg in the Rugby-Bundesliga and the German national rugby union team.

Werle has played rugby since 1988.

He made his last appearance for Germany against the Netherlands on 28 April 2007.

Germany national rugby union team
The Germany national rugby union team currently plays at the second level of European rugby but is yet to qualify for the Rugby World Cup. The national team first played in 1927, with rugby union in Germany being administered by the German Rugby Federation (Deutscher Rugby-Verband).

Germany competes in the Trophy Division, the second tier of the Rugby Europe International Championships, the senior men's rugby tournament for European nations below the Six Nations.

Germany's greatest achievement in men's rugby is arguably the silver medal won at the 1900 Olympic Games.

Germany's declared aim was originally to qualify for the 2015 Rugby World Cup in England, but then lowered this ambition to the 2019 Rugby World Cup in Japan, for which it also failed to qualify. The national side is ranked 30th in the world (as of 26 April 2021).
Djebel Oust
Djebel Oust is a town and commune in the Zaghouan Governorate, Tunisia. As of 2004 it had a population of 3,830.

The city is participating in the loosening of the industrial activities of the capital, notably because of its situation on the RN3. With Bir Mcherga, it hosts one of the three important industrial zones of the governorate on more than 200 hectares including a very important cement plant.

The city is best known for its hot water source since ancient times. If it emerged from the eastern flank of the mountain, it is now pumped 100 meters deep. A spa has been created to exploit the properties of this chloro-sulfated water of 54 °C.

An ancient city was discovered, located halfway between the cities of Thuburbo Majus and Oudna. A sanctuary, thermal baths, cisterns and a residence attached to the thermal baths have been uncovered. A Franco-Tunisian archaeological mission has been in charge since 2000 to study the site.

Industrial park
An industrial park, also known as industrial estate or trading estate, is an area zoned and planned for the purpose of industrial development. An industrial park can be thought of as a more heavyweight version of a business park or office park, which has offices and light industry, rather than heavy industry.
Shamrock (automobile)
The Shamrock Automobile, built by the Mimna Brothers, may be one of Canada's oldest automobiles on record and possibly one of the earliest attempts at an internal combustion engine, however there is no absolute historical record. The oldest car built in Canada is the 1867 Henry Seth Taylor Steam Buggy built in Stanstead, Quebec.

Wardsville, Ontario
Wardsville is a rural community in the municipality of Southwest Middlesex in Middlesex County, Ontario, Canada.

Wardsville is best known as the site of the Battle of Longwoods (March 4, 1814) during the War of 1812. Battle Hill was designated as a National Historic Site of Canada in 1924.
Erik (wrestler)
Raymond Rowe (born August 21, 1984) is an American professional wrestler. As of January 2018, he is signed to WWE, where he performs on the Raw brand under the ring name Erik. He is in a tag team with Ivar called The War Raiders. He is a former two-time World Tag Team Champion with Ivar and are former one-time NXT Tag Team Champion.

Rowe is best known for his work in Ring of Honor (ROH), where he and Smith (formerly Hanson), then known as War Machine are former ROH World Tag Team Champions and made appearances for New Japan Pro Wrestling (NJPW), where they are former two time IWGP Tag Team Champions, as well as having won tag team championships in various independent promotions in the U.S. and UK.

GHC Tag Team Championship
The Global Honored Crown (GHC) Tag Team Championship (Japanese: GHCタッグ王座, Hepburn: GHC Taggu Ōza) is a professional wrestling tag team title in Japanese promotion Pro Wrestling Noah. It was created on October 19, 2001, when Vader and Scorpio defeated Jun Akiyama and Akitoshi Saito in a tournament final. Though it is typically contested among heavyweights (>100 kg (220 lb; 16 st)), some junior heavyweights such as Naomichi Marufuji and Yoshinari Ogawa have held it in the past. It is currently one of two tag team titles in Noah, along with the GHC Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship (reserved for junior heavyweights).
Vernon Sykes
Vernon Sykes (born October 2, 1951) is an American politician who served as the state Senator for the 28th district of the Ohio Senate from 2017 to 2024. The district included Akron, Barberton, Green, Portage Lakes, Sawyerwood, Lakemore and portions of Cuyahoga Falls, Mogadore and Tallmadge in Summit County.

A member of the Democratic Party, Sykes formerly served in the Ohio House of Representatives from 1982 to 2000 and again from 2007 to 2014, and prior to that was an Akron City Councilman.

Ohio Senate
The Ohio Senate is the upper house of the Ohio General Assembly, the lower house being the Ohio House of Representatives. The State Senate, which meets in the Ohio Statehouse in Columbus, first convened in 1803. Senators are elected for four year terms, staggered every two years such that half of the seats are contested at each election. Even numbered seats and odd numbered seats are contested in separate election years. The president of the Ohio Senate presides over the body when in session, and is currently Rob McColley.

Currently, the Senate consists of 24 Republicans and 9 Democrats, with the Republicans controlling two more seats than the 22 required for a supermajority vote. Senators are limited to two consecutive terms. Each senator represents approximately 349,000 Ohioans, and each Senate district encompasses three corresponding Ohio House of Representatives districts.
The Emperor Jones (film)
The Emperor Jones is a 1933 American pre-Code film adaptation of Eugene O'Neill's 1920 play of the same title, directed by iconoclast Dudley Murphy, written for the screen by playwright DuBose Heyward and starring Paul Robeson in the title role (a role he played onstage, both in the US and UK), and co-starring Dudley Digges, Frank H. Wilson, Fredi Washington and Ruby Elzy.

The film was made outside of the Hollywood studio system, financed with private money from neophyte wealthy producers in Gifford A. Cochran and John Krimsky, who were best known for bringing the 1932 German film Mädchen in Uniform to American audiences. It was the only film produced by the two (Cochran stopped as a producer after a failed American rendition of The Threepenny Opera that same year). It was filmed at the Paramount studios in Astoria, Queens with the beach scene shot at Jones Beach Long Beach, New York.

Kaufman Astoria Studios
The Kaufman Astoria Studios is a film studio located in the Astoria neighborhood of Queens in New York City. The studio was constructed for Famous Players–Lasky in 1920, since it was close to Manhattan's Theater District. The property was taken over by real estate developer George S. Kaufman in 1982 and renamed Kaufman Astoria Studios.

The studio is home to New York City's only backlot, which opened in December 2013. The property was designated a national historic district and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
Badger Mountains
The Badger Mountains is a mountain range in Washoe County, Nevada.  The southern portion is within the East Fork High Rock Canyon Wilderness.  The northern portion is within the Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge.

Washoe County, Nevada
Washoe County (/ˈwɒʃoʊ/) is a county in the U.S. state of Nevada. As of the 2020 census, the population was 486,492, making it Nevada's second-most populous county. Its county seat is Reno. Washoe County is included in the Reno, NV Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The Washoe County landing ship tank was named after this county.
Harelbeke
Harelbeke (Dutch: [ˈɦaːrəlˌbeːkə]; West Flemish: Oarlbeke) is a municipality and city located in the Belgian province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises the city of Harelbeke proper and the towns of Bavikhove and Hulste. On January 1, 2019, Harelbeke had a total population of 28,447. The total area is 29.14 km² which gives a population density of 898 inhabitants per km². Inhabitants consider their hometown to be a "Weireldstad" (metropolis), which also led to a monthly "Harelbekedag" amongst the students of Harelbeke studying in Ghent.

In Harelbeke a museum remembers the life and work of musician and composer Peter Benoit, called the Peter Benoit Huis.

West Flemish
West Flemish (West-Vlams or West-Vloams or Vlaemsch (in French Flanders), Dutch: West-Vlaams, French: flamand occidental) is a collection of Low Franconian varieties spoken in western Belgium and the neighbouring areas of France and the Netherlands.

West Flemish is spoken by about a million people in the Belgian province of West Flanders, and a further 50,000 in the neighbouring Dutch coastal district of Zeelandic Flanders (200,000 if including the closely related dialects of Zeelandic) and 10–20,000 in the northern part of the French department of Nord. Some of the main cities where West Flemish is widely spoken are Bruges, Kortrijk, Ostend, Roeselare and Ypres in Belgium and Hazebrouck, Cassel, Halluin, and Bailleul in France.

West Flemish is listed as a "vulnerable" language in UNESCO's online Red Book of Endangered Languages.
Malin Moström
Malin Sofi Moström (born 1 August 1975) is a Swedish former football midfielder, from 2001 to 2006 she was the captain of the Sweden women's national football team. Nicknamed "Mosan", she retired in December 2006 in order to focus on her family and new career as a property agent.

Diamantbollen
Diamantbollen, Swedish for the Diamond Ball, an annual award for Sweden's best female football player. The award is currently awarded by the Swedish Football Association and Sydsvenskans newspaper, in conjunction with its male equivalent, Guldbollen.

Diamantbollen was first awarded in 1990 in cooperation between the Swedish Football Association and the newspaper Arbetet until 2000. Since 2001, the awards has been awarded by the Swedish Football Association and Sydsvenskan. The precursor of this award, "Årets fotbollstjej" ("Soccer Girl of the Year"), was awarded by the Swedish Football Association and Dagens Nyheter from 1980 to 1989.

Since 2002, the recipient of the award has received a blown crystal structure designed by Melanie Rydoff. The award is in the shape of a kernel with smooth concave top. At the top of the award, there is a silver leaf. The logo and player name are made by calligrapher Gun Larson.
Fowlmere RSPB reserve
Fowlmere is a Royal Society for the Protection of Birds nature reserve between Fowlmere and Melbourn in Cambridgeshire. It is designated a 39.9-hectare (99-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest called Fowlmere Watercress Beds.

Fowlmere's reedbeds and pools are fed by natural chalk springs and a chalk stream runs through the reserve. It has three hides, two of which are wheelchair-accessible. Special birds include kingfishers, water rails, sedge warblers, reed warblers and grasshopper warblers plus a roost of corn buntings in winter.

Corn bunting
The corn bunting (Emberiza calandra) is a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae, a group now separated by most modern authors from the finches, Fringillidae. This is a large bunting with heavily streaked buff-brown plumage. The sexes are similar but the male is slightly larger than the female. Its range extends from Western Europe and North Africa across to northwestern China.
John Law (priest)
John Law, D.D. (b Bombay 31 January 1739 - d Rochester 5 February 1827) was an Anglican priest, most notably Archdeacon of Rochester  from 3 September 1767 until his death.

Law was educated at Harrow; and Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He held livings at Wateringbury, Shorne, Chatham, Westmill and Great Easton.

Westmill
Westmill is a village and civil parish in the East Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England. It lies in the valley of the River Rib, 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south of Buntingford, its post town. At the 2021 census, the parish had a population of 290.
William Schaffner (professor)
William Schaffner (born 1937) is an American physician and researcher who specializes in infectious diseases. He is the Professor of Preventive Medicine in the Department of Health Policy as well as the Professor of Medicine in the Division of Infectious Diseases at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. He is the current medical director of the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases, of which he previously served as president.

National Foundation for Infectious Diseases
The National Foundation for Infectious Diseases (abbreviated NFID) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization dedicated to educating the public and medical community about infectious diseases. It was established in 1973 and is based in Bethesda, Maryland.
Zuwara Berber
Zuwara Berber or Twillult language (also: Zuara, Zwara, (Berber name: Awal m at-Willul, ⵝⵡⵉⵍⵍⵓⵍⵝ) is a Berber dialect, one of the Berber Zenati languages. It is spoken in Zuwara city, located on the coast of western Tripolitania in northwestern Libya.

Several works of Terence Mitchell, most notably Zuaran Berber (Libya): Grammar and texts, provide an overview of the language's grammar along with a set of texts, based mainly on the speech of his consultant Ramadan Azzabi. Some articles on this subject were also published by Luigi Serra.

The speakers refer to their specific variety of the language as Awal m at-Willul ‘the language of Willul’, and the word "Mazigh" /ˈma.ziʁ/ may refer both to the wider Amazigh language or to any Amazigh person.  Although rare for a Berber idiom, the masculine form is used to refer to the language.

Ethnologue considers this language a dialect of Nafusi, although the two belong to different branches of Berber according to Kossmann (1999).

Terence Mitchell
Terence Croft Mitchell (17 June 1929 – 21 April 2019) was a British archaeologist, scholar and curator. He was Keeper of Western Asiatic Antiquities at the British Museum from 1985 to 1989. He specialised in West Semitic languages, Near Eastern archaeology, and also took an interest in Biblical matters from an evangelical Christian position.
Edith Lewis
Edith Lewis (December 22, 1882 – August 11, 1972) was a magazine editor at McClure's Magazine, the managing editor of Every Week Magazine, and an advertising copywriter at J. Walter Thompson. Lewis was Willa Cather's domestic partner and was named executor of Cather's literary estate in Cather's will. After  Cather's death, Lewis published a memoir of Cather in 1953 titled Willa Cather Living.

McClure's
McClure's or McClure's Magazine (1893–1929) was an American illustrated monthly periodical popular at the turn of the 20th century. The magazine is credited with having started the tradition of muckraking journalism (investigative, watchdog, or reform journalism), and helped direct the moral compass of the day.

The publishing company briefly got into the film business with McClure Pictures.
Dave Spina
Dave Spina (born June 5, 1983) is an American retired professional ice hockey right winger.

On August 26, 2010, Spina signed a one-year contract with St. Louis Blues.
Spina played the  2010–11 with the Peoria Rivermen of the American Hockey League. He has played over 300 regular-season games in the AHL also with the Utah Grizzlies, Springfield Falcons, and San Antonio Rampage.

After parts of two season's in the Finnish Liiga with SaiPa leading the club in scoring with 44 points in 56 games during the 2014–15 season, Spina left out of contract and signed a two-year deal with rivals HC TPS on March 31, 2015.

San Antonio Rampage
The San Antonio Rampage were a professional ice hockey team in the American Hockey League based in San Antonio, Texas. The Rampage was primarily owned by Spurs Sports & Entertainment throughout the team's existence. In 2020, the franchise was sold to the Vegas Golden Knights and relocated as the Henderson Silver Knights.
2010 China Open (snooker)
The 2010 Sanyuan Foods China Open was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 29 March and 4 April 2010 at the Beijing University Students' Gymnasium in Beijing, China. This was the first time that the China Open was sponsored by Sanyuan Foods.

Peter Ebdon was the defending champion, but he lost 2–5 to Ding Junhui in the quarter-finals.

Mark Williams won in the final, 10–6, against Ding Junhui.

Sanyuan Group
Sanyuan Group (Chinese: 三元集团; pinyin: Sānyuán Jítuán) is a state-owned group of companies based on agriculture and animal husbandry in China. It consists of 12 state farms, 20 professional companies, 41 transnational joint ventures, 3 overseas subsidiaries and 1 public company as Beijing Sanyuan Foods, which is listed in Shanghai Stock Exchange.
Consensus government in Canada
Consensus government is a form of government by consensus decision-making in Canada used in two of Canada's three federal territories (Northwest Territories and Nunavut) as well as in Nunatsiavut, an autonomous area in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador.

The population of these jurisdictions are majority Indigenous peoples. The system developed in the Northwest Territories beginning during the 1970s, and was adopted by Nunavut when it came into existence in 1999.

Consensus decision-making
Consensus decision-making is a group decision-making process in which participants work together to develop proposals for actions that achieve a broad acceptance. Consensus is reached when everyone in the group assents to a decision (or supermajority; see stand aside) even if some do not fully agree to or support all aspects of it. Consensus decision-making in a democracy is consensus democracy.

Consensus differs from unanimity, which requires all participants to support a decision.