hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
STS 14
STS 14 is a fossilized partial skeleton of the species Australopithecus africanus. It was discovered at Sterkfontein, South Africa by Robert Broom and John T. Robinson in August 1947, and is estimated to be about 2.5 million years old.

Some scientists have proposed that STS 14 may have come from the same individual as STS 5 though that fossil is considered only 2.15 million years old.

John Talbot Robinson
John Talbot Robinson FRSSAf (10 January 1923 – 12 October 2001) was a distinguished South African hominin paleontologist.  His most famous discovery (with Robert Broom) was the nearly complete fossil skull of the hominin species Australopithecus africanus, known as Mrs. Ples.
Le Breuil-Benoît Abbey
Le Breuil-Benoît Abbey (Latin: Brolium Benedicti, French: Abbaye Notre-Dame du Breuil-Benoît) is a former Cistercian abbey in Marcilly-sur-Eure in the Eure department of Normandy, France. It is located around 10 km to the west of Dreux, on the left bank of the river Eure.

Eure
Eure (/ɜːr/ UR; French pronunciation: [œʁ]; Norman: Eure or Eûre) is a department in the administrative region of Normandy, northwestern France, named after the river Eure. Its prefecture is Évreux. In 2021, Eure had a population of 598,934.
Mala (caste)
Mala is a South Indian caste from the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Telangana. They are also present in smaller numbers in the states of Karnataka and Maharashtra. They are classified as a Scheduled Caste (SC) by the Government of India. According to 2001 census data, Malas constituted 41.6 percent (5.39 lakh) of the Scheduled Castes population in the then state of Andhra Pradesh, which also included the present state of Telangana.

Katti Padma Rao
Katti Padma Rao (born 27 July 1953) is a Dalit poet, scholar and activist from Andhra Pradesh, India. He is the founding general secretary of Dalit Mahasabha, a people's organisation that spearheaded the Dalit movement in Andhra Pradesh in the aftermath of the 1985 Karamchedu massacre in the coastal region of that state. A scholar in both Telugu and Sanskrit, he has published several volumes of poetry, and books on sociology, religion, philosophy, history, and women's studies. He is a regular columnist in major Telugu newspapers and magazines.
Retama monosperma
Retama monosperma, the bridal broom or bridal veil broom, is a flowering bush species in the genus Retama, native to the parts of the Mediterranean Basin (Algeria, Morocco, Portugal and Spain in the west, Egypt, the East Aegean Islands and Greece in the east). It has been introduced elsewhere.

Retama monosperma forms root nodules with Ensifer fredii. The larvae of the moths Phyllonorycter hesperiella and Phyllonorycter spartocytisi feed on R. monosperma.

The seeds contain cytisine, a toxic alkaloid. Fifteen other quinolizidine and three dipiperidine alkaloids can also be isolated from different parts of the plant. In particular, the presence of (+)-sparteine, α- and β-isosparteine, (+)-17-oxosparteine, (-)-lupanine, 5,6-dehydrolupanine, (-)-anagyrine, (-)-N-methylcytisine and (+)-ammodendrine can be detected.

Veil
A veil is an article of clothing or hanging cloth that is intended to cover some part of the head or face, or an object of some significance. Veiling has a long history in European, Asian, and African societies. The practice has been prominent in different forms in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The practice of veiling is especially associated with women and sacred objects, though in some cultures, it is men, rather than women, who are expected to wear a veil. Besides its enduring religious significance, veiling continues to play a role in some modern secular contexts, such as wedding customs.
Marek Kuchciński
Marek Tadeusz Kuchciński (born 9 August 1955) is a Polish politician and member of the Sejm, first elected in 2001. Prior to 2015, he served as one of the Deputy Marshals of the Sejm, nominated by the Law and Justice (PiS) parliamentary club, and also held the position of head of the party's parliamentary caucus. From 2015 to 2019, during the period when Law and Justice held a majority in both houses of parliament, he served as Marshal of the Sejm.

Marshal of the Sejm
The Marshal of the Sejm  (Polish: Marszałek Sejmu, pronounced [marˈʂawɛk ˈsɛjmu]) is the speaker (chair) of the Sejm, the lower house of the Polish Parliament. The office traces its origins to the 15th century. In modern Poland, the full title is Marshal of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland (Marszałek Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej). Marszałek, in this case, is Polish native name for parliamentary Speaker.
Louis-Rodolphe Roy
Louis-Rodolphe Roy (7 February 1858 – 14 May 1925) was a Canadian lawyer, politician, and judge.

Born Saint-Vallier, Canada East, in the son of Nazaire Roy and Marie Letellier, Roy was educated at the Séminaire de Québec and received a Bachelor of Laws degree from the Université Laval in 1883. He was called to the Quebec Bar in 1883 and practiced law in Quebec City. He was created a King's Counsel in 1903 and received an honorary doctorate from the Université Laval in 1908.

He was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec for the electoral district of Kamouraska in 1897. A Liberal, he was re-elected in 1900, acclaimed in 1904, and re-elected in 1908. From 1905 to 1909, he was the Provincial Secretary and Registrar in the cabinet of Lomer Gouin. In 1909, he was appointed a judge of the Superior Court of the district of Rimouski. He retired in 1922.

He died in Quebec City in 1925 and was buried in the Notre-Dame-de-Belmont Cemetery in Sainte-Foy, Quebec.

Séminaire de Québec
46°48′53″N 71°12′19″W﻿ / ﻿46.81472°N 71.20528°W﻿ / 46.81472; -71.20528

The Seminary of Quebec (French: Séminaire de Québec, pronounced [seminɛʁ də kebɛk]) is a Catholic diocesan seminary in Quebec City founded in 1663 by François de Laval, the first bishop of New France.
I'm Your Man (2021 film)
I'm Your Man (German: Ich bin dein Mensch, lit. 'I'm Your Human') is a 2021 German science fiction romance film inspired by a story of the same name by Emma Braslavsky and directed by Maria Schrader and starring Maren Eggert, Dan Stevens and Sandra Hüller. It premiered at the 71st Berlin International Film Festival in March 2021. It was selected as the German entry for the Best International Feature Film at the 94th Academy Awards and made the shortlist in December 2021. Ultimately, it was not nominated.

Maria Schrader
Maria Schrader (born 27 September 1965) is a German actress, screenwriter, and director. She directed the award-winning 2007 film Love Life and the 2020 Netflix miniseries Unorthodox, for which she won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Limited Series. She also starred in the German international hit TV series Deutschland 83 (2015), known for being the first German-language series broadcast on US television.
Ansgar Torvik
Ansgar Torvik (9 June 1925 – 18 August 2019) was a Norwegian physician.

He was born in Lesja Municipality and finished his secondary education in 1945. He took the dr.med. degree at the University of Oslo in 1958. He also studied in Sweden, and was a research fellow at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School. He was assistant chief physician at Ullevål Hospital, docent and professor of neuropathology at the University of Oslo. He was a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.

Neuropathology
Neuropathology is the study of disease of nervous system tissue, usually in the form of either small surgical biopsies or whole-body autopsies. Neuropathologists usually work in a department of anatomic pathology, but work closely with the clinical disciplines of neurology, and neurosurgery, which often depend on neuropathology for a diagnosis. Neuropathology also relates to forensic pathology because brain disease or brain injury can be related to cause of death. Neuropathology should not be confused with neuropathy, which refers to disorders of the nerves themselves (usually in the peripheral nervous system) rather than the tissues. In neuropathology, the branches of the specializations of nervous system as well as the tissues come together into one field of study.
Bruce McGuinness
Bruce Brian McGuinness (17 June 1939 – 5 September 2003) was an Australian Aboriginal activist. He was active in and led the Victorian Aborigines Advancement League, and is known for founding and running The Koorier, which was the first Aboriginal-initiated national broadsheet newspaper (later known as National Koorier and then Jumbunna) between 1968 and 1971.

Douglas Nicholls
Sir Douglas Ralph Nicholls KCVO OBE (9 December 1906 – 4 June 1988) was a prominent Aboriginal Australian from the Yorta Yorta people. He was a professional athlete, Churches of Christ pastor and church planter, ceremonial officer and a pioneering campaigner for reconciliation.

Nicholls was the first Aboriginal Australian to be knighted when he was appointed Knight Bachelor in 1972 (he was subsequently appointed a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order in 1977). He was also the first—and as of 2025 the only—Indigenous Australian to be appointed to vice-regal office, serving as Governor of South Australia from 1 December 1976 until his resignation on 30 April 1977 due to poor health.
2015 Losail Superbike World Championship round
The 2015 Losail Superbike World Championship round was the thirteenth and final round of the 2015 Superbike World Championship and also the twelfth and final round of the 2015 Supersport World Championship. It took place over the weekend of 16–18 October 2015 at the Lusail International Circuit located in Lusail, Qatar.

Lusail International Circuit
The Lusail International Circuit (Arabic: حلبة لوسيل الدولية, sometimes rendered Losail International Circuit) is a motor racing circuit located just outside the city of Lusail, north of Doha, Qatar. The track is 5.419 km (3.367 mi) in length, with a main straight of 1.068 km (0.664 mi). The circuit has an FIA Grade 1 license. It is surrounded by artificial grass intended to stop the sand encroaching on the track.
I Want You (Thalía song)
"I Want You" / "Me Pones Sexy" is the first single from the Mexican Latin pop singer Thalía's 2003 crossover studio album Thalía. The track features American rapper Fat Joe and is notable for its sample of Brenda Russell's song "A Little Bit of Love". The song peaked at number 22 on the US Billboard Hot 100. Both songs were written by Cory Rooney, Gregory Bruno, Fat Joe, Thalía, and Brenda Russell, and produced by Cory Rooney and Davy Deluge.

Latin pop
Latin pop (Spanish: pop latino), also referred to as Spanish-language pop (Spanish: pop en español), is a subgenre of popular music defined primarily as pop music performed in Spanish. While its foundation lies in the structural and commercial conventions of international pop music—memorable melodies, rhythmic regularity, electric instrumentation, and broad appeal—it is often enriched by stylistic influences from Latin American and Iberian musical traditions.

Emerging from Spanish-speaking musicians, Latin pop remains distinct from other Latin genres such as rock en español, tropical, reggaeton, and dance, though it may incorporate elements of these styles. In this sense, the fusion with Latin or Hispanic folk genres is characteristic but secondary to its central definition as pop music in Spanish.
Routh–Hurwitz theorem
In mathematics, the Routh–Hurwitz theorem gives a test to determine whether all roots of a given polynomial lie in the left-half complex plane. Polynomials with this property are called Hurwitz stable polynomials.  The Routh–Hurwitz theorem is important in dynamical systems and control theory, because the characteristic polynomial of the differential equations of a stable, linear system has roots limited to the left half plane (negative eigenvalues).  Thus the theorem provides a mathematical test, the Routh–Hurwitz stability criterion, to determine whether a linear dynamical system is stable without solving the system.   The Routh–Hurwitz theorem was proved in 1895, and it was named after Edward John Routh and Adolf Hurwitz.

Characteristic polynomial
In linear algebra, the characteristic polynomial of a square matrix is a polynomial which is invariant under matrix similarity and has the eigenvalues as roots. It has the determinant and the trace of the matrix among its coefficients. The characteristic polynomial of an endomorphism of a finite-dimensional vector space is the characteristic polynomial of the matrix of that endomorphism over any basis (that is, the characteristic polynomial does not depend on the choice of a basis). The characteristic equation, also known as the determinantal equation, is the equation obtained by equating the characteristic polynomial to zero.

In spectral graph theory, the characteristic polynomial of a graph is the characteristic polynomial of its adjacency matrix.
Gill Gymnasium
The James D. Gill Health & Physical Education Building, commonly known as Gill Gymnasium, is a 3,200-seat on-campus gymnasium and field house on the campus of Norfolk State University in Norfolk, Virginia. It was built in 1960 to serve as a field house for neighboring Dick Price Stadium as well as being home to the Norfolk State Spartans men's basketball team. The men's and women's teams both called the gym home until the opening of Joseph G. Echols Memorial Hall at the far end of Dick Price Stadium in 1982.  The building still serves as a field house and core building of the athletics training facilities on campus, and the women's volleyball team still uses the arena as its primary competition venue.

Norfolk State Spartans
The Norfolk State Spartans refer to the 14 intercollegiate sports teams representing Norfolk State University in Norfolk, Virginia, in intercollegiate athletics, including men and women's basketball, cross country, tennis and track and field; women's sports include bowling, softball, and volleyball; men's-only sports include baseball and football. The Spartans compete in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) and are members of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference.

Starting with the next NCAA baseball season in 2023, the baseball team competes as an associate member of the Northeast Conference (NEC). The MEAC merged its baseball league into that of the NEC after the 2022 season.
The Code Is Red...Long Live the Code
The Code Is Red...Long Live the Code is Napalm Death's eleventh studio album and was recorded at Foel Studio, Llanfair Caerinion with producer Russ Russell. It was released on 25 April 2005. A music video for "Silence Is Deafening", directed by Roger Johansson, was released later that year.

Some editions of the album were released with a bonus disc that contains material from a variety of death metal bands, such as Aborted. The Napalm Death song "Silence Is Deafening" is the first track on the compilation.

The album features guest appearances by Jello Biafra of Dead Kennedys, Jamey Jasta of Hatebreed, and Jeffrey Walker of Carcass.

In 2017, Decibel released a special magazine issue relating to the 30th Anniversary of Napalm Death. This issue included a Decibel Magazine Hall of Fame induction for The Code Is Red... Long Live the Code.

Decibel (magazine)
Decibel is a monthly heavy metal magazine published by the Philadelphia-based Red Flag Media since September 2004. It is currently the only monthly metal music magazine published in North America. Its sections include Upfront, Features, Reviews, Guest Columns and the Decibel Hall of Fame. The magazine's tag-line is currently "Extremely Extreme" (previously "The New Noise"); the editor-in-chief is Albert Mudrian.
Obnora
The Obnora (Russian: Обно́ра) is a river in Vologda and Yaroslavl Oblasts of Russia. It is a right tributary of the Kostroma. It is 132 kilometres (82 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 2,440 square kilometres (940 sq mi).

The town of Lyubim is situated on the Obnora.

Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast (Russian: Вологодская область, romanized: Vologodskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [vəlɐˈɡotskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]; Veps: Vologdan agj) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is Vologda. The oblast has a population of 1,202,444 (2010 Census). The largest city is Cherepovets, the home of the Severstal metallurgical plant, the largest industrial enterprise in the oblast.

Vologda Oblast is home to many historic monuments, such as the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, Ferapontov Monastery (a World Heritage Site) with the frescoes of Dionisius, the two medieval towns of Velikiy Ustyug and Belozersk, and the baroque churches of Totma and Ustyuzhna.

Large reserves of wood and fresh water are the main natural resources.
Union Township, Webster County, Missouri
Union Township is a township in Webster County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. Established in the 19th century.

Union Township was erected on May 22, 1855, and was named because they united several communities and towns to form the township.

Webster County, Missouri
Webster County is a county located in the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 39,085. Its county seat is Marshfield. The county was organized in 1855 and named for U.S. Senator and U.S. Secretary of State Daniel Webster.

Webster County is part of the Springfield, MO Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Sampling in order
In statistics, some Monte Carlo methods require independent observations in a sample to be drawn from a one-dimensional distribution in sorted order. In other words, all n order statistics are needed from the n observations in a sample. The naive method performs a sort and takes O(n log n) time. There are also O(n) algorithms which are better suited for large n. The special case of drawing n sorted observations from the uniform distribution on [0,1] is equivalent to drawing from the uniform distribution on an n-dimensional simplex; this task is a part of sequential importance resampling.

Order statistic
In statistics, the kth order statistic of a statistical sample is equal to its kth-smallest value. 
Given a sample of size , the kth order statistic is denoted , with .
Together with rank statistics, order statistics are among the most fundamental tools in non-parametric statistics and inference.

Important special cases of the order statistics are the minimum and maximum value of a sample, and (with some qualifications discussed below) the sample median and other sample quantiles.

When using probability theory to analyze order statistics of random samples from a continuous distribution, the cumulative distribution function is used to reduce the analysis to the case of order statistics of the uniform distribution.
Areva Solar
Areva Solar was part of the renewable energies portfolio of the French nuclear group Areva, headquartered in Mountain View, California, with offices in the United States and Australia. It designed, manufactured and installed solar steam generators for electric power production and industrial steam uses. Before 2010, the company existed as Ausra Inc. In August 2014, AREVA announced it was shuttering AREVA Solar.

Mountain View, California
Mountain View is a city in Santa Clara County, California, United States, part of the San Francisco Bay Area. Named for its views of the Santa Cruz Mountains, the population was 82,376 at the 2020 census.

Mountain View was integral to the early history and growth of Silicon Valley, and is the location of many high technology companies. In 1956, William Shockley established Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory in Mountain View, the first company to develop silicon semiconductor devices in Silicon Valley. Mountain View houses the headquarters of many of the world's largest technology companies, including Google and Alphabet Inc., Intuit, NASA Ames Research Center, and former or existing headquarters for Symantec, 23andMe, LinkedIn, Samsung, Quora and Synopsys.
Australia at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
The 1996 Summer Paralympics were held in the United States city of Atlanta. Australia competed in 13 of the 17 sports, winning medals in 10 of those sports.
At the 1996 Summer Paralympics, Australia had the second highest medal tally of any country competing. It won 42 gold, 37 silver and 27 bronze medals. It surpassed the 24 gold medals that Australia won at the 1992 Paralympics. The sports of athletics, swimming and cycling provided Australia with the majority of its medals.

Priya Cooper
Priya Naree Cooper, OAM (born 2 October 1974) is an Australian world champion disabled swimmer, winning nine Paralympic gold medals as well as world records and world championships. She competed in the Australian swimming team at the 1992, 1996 and 2000 Summer Paralympics with an S8 classification. She was twice the co-captain of the Australian Paralympic team, including at the 2000 Paralympic Games in Sydney, and carried the Australian flag at the closing ceremonies for the 1992 and 1996 Summer Paralympics. Cooper has cerebral palsy and spends much of her time in a wheelchair. She attended university, working on a course in health management. After she ended her competitive Paralympic career, she became a commentator, and covered the swimming events at the 2002 Commonwealth Games.
Ruth A. Wallace
Ruth Ann Wallace was a sociologist and professor.

Her research interests were in sociological theory, sociology of gender, and sociology of religion.

Wallace died in May 2016 from a stroke and complications with Alzheimer's disease.

Prentice Hall
Prentice Hall was a major American educational publisher. It published print and digital content for the 6–12 and higher-education market. It was an independent company throughout the bulk of the twentieth century. In its last few years it was owned by, then absorbed into, Savvas Learning Company.  In the Web era, it distributed its technical titles through the Safari Books Online e-reference service for some years.
Lincoln Drive
Lincoln Drive is a full-access, 25 mph 4-lane road in the Wissahickon Creek section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  Initially built in 1856 as the Wissahickon Turnpike, it was not completed until about 50 years later.  The road is called the “Dead Man’s Gulch” due to its twisting and turning.  Initially, the purpose of the road was to provide access from the mills to the city of Philadelphia.

Some historic locations that the road passes include Historic RittenhouseTown, Germantown, and Chestnut Hill.

From the 1930s until 1960, Lincoln Drive was designated as the southernmost part of U.S. Route 309.

Historic RittenhouseTown
Historic RittenhouseTown, sometimes referred to as Rittenhouse Historic District, encompasses the remains of an early industrial community which was the site of the first paper mill in British North America. The mill was built in 1690 by William Rittenhouse and his son Nicholas on the north bank of Paper Mill Run (Monoshone Creek) near (and now within) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  The district, off Lincoln Drive near Wissahickon Avenue in Fairmount Park, includes six of up to forty-five original buildings.  RittenhouseTown was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and was designated a National Historic Landmark District on April 27, 1992.
2010 Trofeo Paolo Corazzi
The 2010 Trofeo Paolo Corazzi was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was part of the 2010 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Cremona, Italy between May 17 and May 23, 2010.

Denis Gremelmayr
Denis Gremelmayr (born 16 August 1981) is an inactive German male tennis player. His career-high singles ranking is World No. 59, achieved in May 2008.

Glemelmayr was born in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg.  He reached the semifinals of Estoril, Barcelona and Los Angeles in 2008, losing to Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal and Andy Roddick respectively.