hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1950 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1950.

Animal track
An animal track is an imprint left behind in soil, snow, or mud, or on some other ground surface, by an animal walking across it. Animal tracks are used by hunters in tracking their prey and by naturalists to identify animals living in a given area.
Olga Kremleva
Olga Kremleva (or Kremlyova) is a Russian former football midfielder who played for Sibiryachka Krasnoyarsk, CSK VVS Samara, Lada Togliatti and Rossiyanka in the Russian Championship, taking part in the UEFA Women's Cup with all but the first one. She was a member of the Russian national team, playing the 2001 European Championship.

Russia women's national football team
The Russia women's national football team represents Russia in international women's football. The team is controlled by the Russian Football Union and affiliated with UEFA. Yuri Krasnozhan replaced Elena Fomina as coach of the team in December 2020.

Russia qualified for two World Cups, 1999, 2003 and five European Championships, 1997, 2001, 2009, 2013 and 2017.

As the men's team, the Russian women's national team is the direct successor of the CIS and USSR women's national teams.

On 28 February 2022, due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine and in accordance with a recommendation by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), FIFA and UEFA suspended the participation of Russia, including in the UEFA Women's Euro 2022. The Russian Football Union unsuccessfully appealed the FIFA and UEFA bans to the Court of Arbitration for Sport, which upheld the bans.
Vellore New Bus Terminus
Vellore New Bus Terminus, also known as Vellore New Bus Stand, is a main bus station in Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. It is located on the Chennai-Bengaluru, National Highway 48 (India) near the Green Circle.

National Highway 48 (India)
National Highway 48 (NH 48) is a major National Highway of India that starts at Delhi and terminates at Chennai, traversing through seven states of India. It has a total length of 2807 km (1744 miles). NH 48 passes through the states of Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu. The stretch between Pune and Bengaluru was known as P.B. Road in olden days.

Its stretch from Delhi to Mumbai was earlier designated as NH 8, and the stretch between Mumbai and Chennai was designated, NH 4 before all the national highways were renumbered in the year 2010.
John St Barbe
John St Barbe (1742–1816) was a British naval officer. He later became a prominent English shipbroker and shipowner in London. His vessels were active in whaling, the transport of convicts, and in the slave trade.

Penal transportation
Penal transportation (or simply transportation) was the relocation of convicted criminals, or other persons regarded as undesirable, to a distant place, often a colony, for a specified term; later, specifically established penal colonies became their destination. While the prisoners may have been released once the sentences were served, they generally did not have the resources to return home.
Ginger Costa-Jackson
Ginger Costa-Jackson (born 10 September 1986, and named Ginger Emilia Jackson) is an Italian-American operatic mezzo-soprano who performs often with the Metropolitan Opera since entering its Lindemann Young Artist Development Program in 2007. The Met: Live in HD global broadcasts feature her frequently, as do other major theaters and concert venues worldwide. Costa-Jackson has performed in her native Italian as well as English, French, and Spanish; she speaks these languages fluently, along with limited German. While her signature role is Carmen, Costa-Jackson also performs comic roles, as in her Marchesa di Poggio (Glimmerglass Festival's 2013 adaptation of Verdi's King for a Day /Un giorno di regno), and also her 2009 Celia in Gilbert and Sullivan's Iolanthe with the San Francisco Symphony.

San Francisco Symphony
The San Francisco Symphony, founded in 1911, is an American orchestra based in San Francisco, California. Since 1980 the orchestra has been resident at the Louise M. Davies Symphony Hall in the city's Hayes Valley neighborhood. The San Francisco Symphony Youth Orchestra (founded in 1981) and the San Francisco Symphony Chorus (1972) are part of the organization. Michael Tilson Thomas became the orchestra's music director in 1995, and concluded his tenure in 2020 when Esa-Pekka Salonen took over the position.

Among the orchestra's awards and honors are an Emmy Award and 15 Grammy Awards in the past 26 years.
Richard O. Stimson
Richard O. Stimson (born May 15, 1957) is an American pastor who is the founder executive director of The Special Gathering, a Christian ministry within the mentally challenged community.  The mission of Special Gathering is to "evangelize and disciple" this subculture made up of people who are developmentally delayed.

An ordained Assemblies of God minister, "Stimson conceived the idea for the ministry when he was in college and teaching a Sunday school class of mentally handicapped students in Lakeland, Florida."  In 1982 after his graduation from Southeastern University, The Special Gathering of Cocoa, Florida was formed. The ministry has grown to eight programs in two states.  The Special Gathering, Inc., is the umbrella organization.  Coming under this ministry are The Special Gathering of Brevard, The Special Gathering of Indian River, The Special Gathering of South Carolina, The Special Gathering of Volusia, and The Special Gathering of Jacksonville.

Brevard County, Florida
Brevard County (/brəˈvɑːrd/ brə-VARD) is a county in the U.S. state of Florida. It is on the Atlantic coast of eastern Central Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 606,612, making it the 10th-most populated county in Florida. The official county seat is located in Titusville. A secondary center of county administration, including a circuit courthouse, was built in 1989 in the planned community of Viera, Florida, the geographic center of the county.
Fuchigami
Fuchigami (written: 渕上) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ayako Fuchigami (渕上 綾子, born 1975), Japanese politician

Mai Fuchigami (渕上 舞), Japanese voice actress

Sadao Fuchigami (渕上 貞雄, born 1937), Japanese politician

Mai Fuchigami
Mai Fuchigami (渕上 舞, Fuchigami Mai; born May 28, 1987) is a Japanese voice actress and singer from Fukuoka Prefecture, affiliated with the talent agency m&i. As a singer, she is signed under record label Lantis. After passing an audition held by the talent agency Sigma Seven, she played her first main role as Kaname Asagiri in the video game Ōkami Kakushi in 2009.

She is known for her roles as Iona/I-401 in Arpeggio of Blue Steel, Alice Yotsuba/Cure Rosetta in DokiDoki! PreCure, Nagisa Shiota in Assassination Classroom, Miho Nishizumi in Girls und Panzer, and Karen Hojo in The Idolmaster Cinderella Girls. Apart from voice acting, she also performed theme song for anime such as Planet With and Ulysses: Jeanne d'Arc and the Alchemist Knight. In 2014, she received the Synergy Award at the 8th Seiyu Awards.
Nikos Tsaganias
Nikos Tsaganias (born 1915, date of death unknown) was a Greek footballer. He played in one match for the Greece national football team in 1938. He was also part of Greece's team for their qualification matches for the 1938 FIFA World Cup.

1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 6
The 1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 6 took place from January to March 1938. Hungary as the strongest team of this group was seeded. Greece and Mandatory Palestine would play against each other on a home-and-away basis. Hungary would play against the winner at home. The winner would qualify for the third FIFA World Cup held in France.
Dawson L. Kilgore
Dawson Lea Kilgore (October 23, 1823 – April 2, 1893) was an American politician. He was a Democratic member of the Arkansas House of Representatives.

He served as Speaker of the Arkansas House of Representatives in 1877.

He served in the Arkansas House of Representatives from 1856-1861, 1877-1878, 1889-1890, and 1893.

Arkansas House of Representatives
The Arkansas House of Representatives is the lower house of the Arkansas General Assembly, the state legislature of the US state of Arkansas. The House has 100 members elected from an equal number of constituencies across the state. Each district has an average population of 30,137, according to the 2020 federal census. Members are elected to two-year terms and, since the 2014 Amendment to the Arkansas Constitution, limited to sixteen years cumulative in either house.

The Arkansas House of Representatives meets annually, in regular session in odd number years and for a fiscal session in even number years, at the State Capitol in Little Rock.
2019–20 Turkish Cup
The 2019–20 Turkish Cup (Turkish: Türkiye Kupası) was the 58th season of the tournament. Ziraat Bankası was the sponsor of the tournament, thus the sponsored name was Ziraat Turkish Cup. The winners earned a berth in the group stage of the 2020–21 UEFA Europa League, and also qualified for the 2020 Turkish Super Cup.

Turkish Cup
The Turkish Cup (Turkish: Türkiye Kupası) is an annual football cup competition in Turkey, organised by the Turkish Football Federation since 1962. During a period of sponsorship by Fortis, the competition was temporarily known as the Fortis Turkish Cup (Turkish: Fortis Türkiye Kupası). It is currently sponsored by the state-owned bank Ziraat Bankası and officially called the Ziraat Turkish Cup (Turkish: Ziraat Türkiye Kupası).

The tournament has been held under various formats, including a traditional knockout competition and group stages on an experimental basis. An expanded format was introduced for the 2012–13 season, with a record 156 teams participating. The structure included a round-robin group stage following five knockout rounds, with group winners and runners-up advancing to the semi-finals and final. The current holders of the cup are Galatasaray S.K..
Heavy metal gallop
A gallop is a beat or rhythm typically used in traditional heavy metal songs.  It is  created by playing an eighth note followed by two sixteenth notes (), usually on rhythm guitar, drums, or bass.

One technique on guitar involves strumming palm muted power chords in an up-and-down motion with a pick, thereby creating an ostinato.
Variations include the triplet gallop and the reverse gallop.

On drums, the technique often uses a double kick pedal. A typical drum gallop is formed around this skeleton:

Guitar World
Guitar World is a monthly music magazine for guitarists and fans of guitar-based music and trends. The magazine has been published since July 1980. Guitar World, the best-selling guitar magazine in the United States, contains original artist interviews and profiles, plus lessons and columns with tablature and associated audio files or videos, gear reviews, news, and exclusive tablature for guitar and bass of three songs per issue. The magazine is published 13 times per year, including 12 monthly issues and a holiday issue, by Future plc. Damian Fanelli has been Guitar World's editor-in-chief since June 2018.
Ambrose J. Murphy
Ambrose J. Murphy (1869–1949) was an American architect whose practice was based in Providence Rhode Island. He was a specialist in ecclesiastical work and, in a career that spanned over 40 years, designed many buildings for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Providence Rhode Island and Fall River Massachusetts.

Narragansett, Rhode Island
Narragansett is a town in Washington County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 14,532 at the 2020 census. However, during the summer months the town's population more than doubles to near 34,000. The town of Narragansett occupies a narrow strip of land running along the eastern bank of the Pettaquamscutt River (aka Narrow River) to the shore of Narragansett Bay on the Atlantic Ocean. It was separated from South Kingstown in 1888 and incorporated as a town in 1901. With several ocean beaches and a walkable strip along the ocean front, Narragansett is a resort area in the summer season as well as a popular East Coast surfing spot due to frequent southerly swells from Atlantic Ocean.

For geographic and demographic information on the village of Narragansett Pier, which is part of Narragansett, see the article on Narragansett Pier.
Miniopterus bat coronavirus HKU8
Miniopterus bat coronavirus HKU8 (Bat-CoV HKU8) is an enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus species in the genus Alphacoronavirus that exhibits a corona-like morphology. It causes severe acute respiratory syndrome in bats, but isolates have not been found in humans.

Coding strand
When referring to DNA transcription, the coding strand (or informational strand) is the DNA strand whose base sequence is identical to the base sequence of the RNA transcript produced (although with thymine replaced by uracil). It is this strand which contains codons, while the non-coding strand contains anticodons. During transcription, RNA Pol II binds to the non-coding template strand, reads the anti-codons, and transcribes their sequence to synthesize an RNA transcript with complementary bases.

By convention, the coding strand is the strand used when displaying a DNA sequence. It is presented in the 5' to 3' direction.

Wherever a gene exists on a DNA molecule, one strand is the coding strand (or sense strand), and the other is the noncoding strand (also called the antisense strand, anticoding strand, template strand or transcribed strand).
Johnny and the Dead (TV series)
Johnny and the Dead is a British television series released in four parts in 1995, It is based on a famous novel of the same name by Terry Pratchett. It premiered on ITV before its DVD release as a full-length film by Home Warner. It was broadcast on television channels around the world. Johnny and the Dead was written and directed by Gerald Fox, produced by Peter Pearson, executive producer Melvyn Bragg, starring Andrew Falvey, Jotham Annan, George Baker and Brian Blessed and Jane Lapotaire.

Melvyn Bragg
Melvyn Bragg, Baron Bragg (born 6 October 1939), is an English broadcaster, author, and parliamentarian. Earlier in his career, Bragg worked for the BBC in various roles including presenter, a connection that resumed in 1988 when he began to host Start the Week on BBC Radio 4. He was also the editor and presenter of The South Bank Show (1978–2010, 2012–2023), and served as Chancellor of the University of Leeds from 1999 until 2017.

After his ennoblement in 1998, he switched to presenting the new BBC Radio 4 documentary series In Our Time, an academic discussion radio programme, which has run to more than one thousand broadcast editions and is also a podcast. In September 2025, Bragg announced that he would step down from hosting the show after 27 years.
Giants of Science
Giants of Science is an Australian geek rock band formed in Brisbane, Queensland in 1999. They refer to their music as "nerd-core" and have been influenced by Split Enz Swervedriver, Sparklehorse, Superchunk, Brisbane underground rockers the KT26ers, and Sonic's Rendezvous Band. They have supported MC5, Rollins Band, A Perfect Circle, and Mudhoney and have toured in Canada. Their album Here Is The Punishment debuted at #4 on the national AIR independent albums chart.

Sparklehorse
Sparklehorse was an American indie rock band from Richmond, Virginia, led by singer and multi-instrumentalist Mark Linkous. It was active from 1995 until Linkous's death in 2010. Before forming Sparklehorse, Linkous fronted local bands Johnson Family and Salt Chunk Mary. Only one song, "Someday I Will Treat You Good", survived from these earlier bands to be played by Sparklehorse. Linkous said he chose the name Sparklehorse because the two words sounded good together and could be a loose metaphor for a motorcycle. At its inception, members of Sparklehorse included Paul Watson (banjo, cornet, lap steel and electric guitar), Scott Minor (drums, chord organ, banjo), Johnny Hott (Wurlitzer organ, percussion, backing vocals), and Scot Fitzsimmons (standup bass).
Massachusetts Maritime Buccaneers
The Massachusetts Maritime Buccaneers (also called the Mass Maritime Buccaneers) are composed of 15 varsity teams (7 men's 7 women's 1 co-ed) representing the Massachusetts Maritime Academy in intercollegiate athletics. All teams compete at the NCAA Division III level and all teams compete in the Massachusetts State Collegiate Athletic Conference (MASCAC), except for men's lacrosse, which plays in the Little East Conference (LEC), and sailing, which competes in the New England Intercollegiate Sailing Association (NEISA).

New England Intercollegiate Sailing Association
The New England Intercollegiate Sailing Association (NEISA) is one of the seven conferences affiliated with the Inter-Collegiate Sailing Association (ICSA) that schedule and administer regattas within their established geographic regions.

NEISA is one of the oldest and largest conferences, organizing intercollegiate sailing in New England, which includes 42 member schools including club teams and varsity programs. All conferences host their own 6 conference championships every year and gain berths to the corresponding national championships based on conference size. NEISA is managed by an executive board run primarily by student volunteers and team coaches.
Alabama's at-large congressional district
Alabama's at-large congressional district was a congressional district for the United States House of Representatives in Alabama active at various times from 1819 to 1965.  Alabama became a state in 1819, and its single representative to the 16th and 17th Congresses was elected at-large.  For the 27th Congress, all five of Alabama's representatives were elected at-large, before the state gained a representative from the 1840 census.  In the 43rd to 44th Congresses, the seventh and eighth representatives gained in the 1870 census were elected at-large.  For the 63rd and 64th Congresses, Alabama elected the tenth of its apportioned representatives, gained in the 1910 census, at-large from the entire state.  For the 88th Congress, after the state lost one representative in the 1960 census, Alabama once again elected all of their representatives at-large.

1870 United States census
The 1870 United States census was the ninth United States census. It was conducted by the Census Office from June 1, 1870, to August 23, 1871. The 1870 census was the first census to provide detailed information on the African American population, only five years after the culmination of the Civil War when slaves were granted freedom.  The total population was 38,925,598 with a resident population of 38,558,371 individuals, a 22.6% increase from 1860.

The 1870 census's population estimate was controversial, as many believed it underestimated the true population numbers, especially in New York and Pennsylvania. This was the first census in which all 100 largest cities recorded populations of over 10,000. This was also the last federal census conducted using the US Marshal Service as enumerators.
Chappie (soundtrack)
Chappie (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the film score to the 2015 film Chappie directed by Neill Blomkamp. The film score is composed by Hans Zimmer who formed a supergroup called the Chappie Elektrik Synthphonia, that featured Steve Mazzaro, Andrew Kawczynski, Andy Page, Ed Buller, Michael Tritter, Rich Walters and Junkie XL. The soundtrack was released digitally through Varèse Sarabande on March 10, 2015, and physically released a week later.

Chappie (film)
Chappie (stylized as CHAPPiE) is a 2015 American dystopian science fiction action film directed by Neill Blomkamp and written by Blomkamp and Terri Tatchell. It stars Sharlto Copley, Dev Patel, Hugh Jackman, Ninja, Yolandi Visser, Jose Pablo Cantillo, and Sigourney Weaver. The film, set and shot in Johannesburg, is about an artificial general intelligence law enforcement robot captured and taught by gangsters, who nickname it Chappie.

Chappie premiered in New York City on March 4, 2015, and was released in U.S. cinemas on March 6, 2015. The film grossed $102 million worldwide against a $49 million budget, and received mixed reviews from critics.
Chemin de fer Châtel-St-Denis-Bulle-Montbovon
The Chemin de fer Châtel-St-Denis-Bulle-Montbovon (CBM) planned a metre-gauge railway between the towns in its title. The line was constructed and opened in four stages: from Châtel-Saint-Denis to Vuadens, then to Bulle, then to La Tour-de-Trême and to Montbovon in 1904. At Châtel-St-Denis it formed an end-on junction with the Chemin de fer Châtel-St-Denis-Palézieux. Before the first part opened the company was renamed Chemins de fer électriques de la Gruyère.

Châtel-Saint-Denis
Châtel-Saint-Denis (French: [ʃɑtɛl sɛ̃ d(ə)ni]; Arpitan: Châtél, locally Tsathi [tsaˈθi] ⓘ, or Châtél-Sent-Denis, locally Tsathi-Chin-Dèni) is a municipality and district capital of the district of Veveyse in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.
Das ist je gewißlich wahr
Das ist je gewißlich wahr (This is now the gospel truth), TWV 1:183, is a cantata by Georg Philipp Telemann. Due to an erroneous attribution to Johann Sebastian Bach, it appears in the Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis (BWV) as No. 141, but was moved to Anhang III, the Appendix of spurious works, in the 1990s second edition of that catalogue.

The cantata's libretto by Johann Friedrich Helbig was published in 1720. Around 1723 Johann Balthasar König copied the manuscript, attributing its authorship to Telemann. Its spurious attribution to Bach can be found in some of the manuscript copies produced in the second half of the 18th century.

Johann Balthasar König
Johann Balthasar König (baptised 28 January 1691 – buried 2 April 1758) was a German Baroque composer, especially of hymn melodies, having published a hymnal with 1,913 melodies. He was the church musician at Frankfurt's main Protestant church, the Katharinenkirche, and the town's Kapellmeister. He was also closely associated with Georg Philipp Telemann.
West Street Chapel
51°30′47″N 0°7′42″W﻿ / ﻿51.51306°N 0.12833°W﻿ / 51.51306; -0.12833
The West Street Chapel is a former  chapel at 24 West Street, London WC2. It was John Wesley’s first Methodist chapel in London's West End.

WC postcode area
The WC (Western Central) postcode area, also known as the London WC postcode area, is a group of postcode districts in central London, England. The area covered is of high density development, and includes parts of the City of Westminster and the London Boroughs of Camden and Islington, plus a very small part of the City of London.

The WC1 and WC2 postcode districts are relatively recent, having been established in 1917. When the districts are used for purposes other than the sorting of mail, such as for geographic reference and on street signs, their subdivisions - featuring letter suffixes - are often omitted.