hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
University of Pennsylvania College of Arts and Sciences
The University of Pennsylvania College of Arts and Sciences (CAS) is the undergraduate college within the School of Arts and Sciences at the University of Pennsylvania. It is situated on the university's main campus in University City, Philadelphia.

The college traces its roots to the establishment of a secondary school known as Unnamed Charity School in 1740. In 1749, Benjamin Franklin and twenty-one leading citizens of Philadelphia officially founded a secondary school named the Academy of Philadelphia. In 1755,  the secondary school was expanded to include a collegiate division known as the College of Philadelphia. The secondary and collegiate institutions were known collectively as The Academy and College of Philadelphia. The college received its charter from Thomas Penn and Richard Penn. Penn CAS is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of Pennsylvania and the sixth-oldest chartered college in the United States.

Charter
A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term. In early medieval Britain, charters transferred land from donors to recipients.

The word entered the English language from the Old French charte, via Latin charta, and ultimately from Greek χάρτης (khartes, meaning "layer of papyrus"). It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of rights or privileges.
Sympetalandra
Sympetalandra is a genus of legume in the family Fabaceae. It includes five species of trees native to Malesia (Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, the Lesser Sunda Islands, and the Philippines, where they grow in lowland tropical forest. It belongs subfamily Caesalpinioideae.

Malesia
Malesia is a biogeographical region straddling the Equator and the boundaries of the Indomalayan and Australasian realms. It is a phytogeographical floristic region in the Paleotropical kingdom. It was first recognized as a distinct region in 1857 by Heinrich Zollinger, a Swiss botanist and explorer. The precise boundaries used to define Malesia vary. The broadly defined area used in Flora Malesiana consists of the countries of Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, the Philippines, Timor-Leste and Papua New Guinea. The original definition by the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) covered a similar area, but New Guinea and some offshore islands were split off as Papuasia in its 2001 version.
Bruschi
Bruschi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Abigaille Bruschi-Chiatti (c. 1855–after 1888), Italian soprano

Andrea Bruschi (born 1968), Italian actor

Domenico Bruschi (1840–1910), Italian painter

Pietro Bruschi (born 1952), Italian sprint canoer

Tedy Bruschi (born 1973), former professional American football linebacker

Ramiro Washington Bruschi (born 1981), Uruguayan football forward

Abigaille Bruschi-Chiatti
Abigaille Bruschi-Chiatti (c. 1855 – after 1888) was an Italian soprano who sang in the principal opera houses of Italy as well as in Latin America and at the Teatro Real in Spain. Amongst the roles she created were Amelia di Egmont in the 1882 posthumous premiere of Donizetti's Il duca d'Alba and Élisabeth de Valois in the 1884 revised version of Verdi's Don Carlos.
Gabriël
Gabriël  is the Dutch spelling of Gabriel. People with this name include:

Gabriël van België (born 2003), Belgian prince

Gabriël Grupello (1644–1730), Flemish sculptor

Gabriël van der Hofstadt (1620–1690), Flemish painter

Gabriël Marselis (1609–1673), Dutch merchant and land owner

Gabriël Metsu (1629–1667), Dutch painter

Gabriël van der Muyden (c.1500–1560), Flemish jurist and humanist

Gabriël van Oordt (1757–1836), Dutch theologian

Gabriël Smit (1910–1981), Dutch poet, essayist, playwright, editor and politician

Gabriël, one of the pseudonyms used by Dutch novelist Carel van Nievelt (1843–1913)

Gabriel Mudaeus
Gabriel Mudaeus (c. 1500, Brecht – 21 April 1560, Leuven), born Gabriël van der Muyden, was a Flemish jurist and humanist who revived the study of law in the Habsburg Netherlands.

As a professor in the Faculty of Law at the University of Louvain, Mudaeus introduced the Erasmian method of research into a field that had been dominated exclusively by tradition; among his pupils were François Baudouin, Jacob Reyvaert (Raevardus), and Matthew Wesenbeck.
Tsumeb Airport
Tsumeb Airport (IATA: TSB, ICAO: FYTM) is a public airport serving Tsumeb, a town in the Oshikoto Region of northern Namibia. The airport is just east of the town. Tsumeb is the location of a former mining operation and is the closest town to the Etosha National Park.

The Tsumeb non-directional beacon (Ident: TM) is located on the field.

Non-directional beacon
A non-directional beacon (NDB) or non-directional radio beacon is a radio beacon which does not include inherent directional information. Radio beacons are radio transmitters at a known location, used as an aviation or marine navigational aid. NDB are in contrast to directional radio beacons and other navigational aids, such as low-frequency radio range, VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) and tactical air navigation system (TACAN).

NDB signals follow the curvature of the Earth, so they can be received at much greater distances at lower altitudes, a major advantage over VOR. However, NDB signals are also affected more by atmospheric conditions, mountainous terrain, coastal refraction and electrical storms, particularly at long range. The system, developed by United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) Captain Albert Francis Hegenberger, was used to fly the world's first instrument approach on May 9, 1932.
2007 Kentucky gubernatorial election
The 2007 Kentucky gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 2007. In this election, incumbent Republican governor Ernie Fletcher ran for reelection to a second term but was soundly defeated by Democratic challenger Steve Beshear. A primary election to determine the Republican and Democratic nominees for governor was held on May 22, 2007, in which Fletcher and Beshear won their respective primaries.

Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky
The lieutenant governor of Kentucky was created under the state's second constitution, which was ratified in 1799. The inaugural officeholder was Alexander Scott Bullitt, who took office in 1800 following his election to serve under James Garrard in 1799. The lieutenant governor becomes governor of Kentucky under circumstances similar to those under which the vice president of the United States assumes the presidency. The current lieutenant governor is Democrat Jacqueline Coleman, who has been office since December 10, 2019.
Graham Gardner
Graham Gardner is the Librarian at Abingdon School (near Oxford, UK) and author of the novel Inventing Elliot. He was born and brought up in the county of Worcestershire, England, and is the second eldest of ten children. From 2009 to 2014 he was in charge of library services at St Marylebone School in central London, which featured in the London Evening Standards " Get London Reading Campaign" and for which he co-wrote a history of the school.

St Marylebone School
Saint Marylebone School is a comprehensive secondary school in Marylebone, London. It specialises in Performing Arts, General Arts, Maths & Computing. In the sixth form, boys can attend as well. The school then became a converter academy, having previously been judged as "outstanding in every respect" by Ofsted.

Founded in 1791, Saint Marylebone Church of England School is now a multi-faith comprehensive school.  The main site is located just behind St Marylebone Parish Church, with the Sixth Form Centre based in another building nearby at Blandford Street.
Luis Bagnato
Luis Bagnato (10 May 1924 – 10 December 1997) was an Argentine footballer. He played in one match for the Argentina national football team in 1955. He was also part of Argentina's squad for the 1955 South American Championship.

1955 South American Championship
The South American Championship 1955 was a football tournament held in Chile and won by Argentina with Chile as runners-up. Brazil, Bolivia, and Colombia withdrew from the tournament. Rodolfo Micheli from Argentina became top scorer of the tournament with 8 goals.
Parnaíba Basin
The Parnaíba Basin (Portuguese: Bacia do Parnaíba) is a large cratonic sedimentary basin located in the North and Northeast portion of Brazil. About 50% of its area is in the state of Maranhão, and the other 50% is in the states of Pará, Piauí, Tocantins, and Ceará. It is one of the largest Paleozoic basins in the South American Platform. The basin has a roughly ellipsoidal shape, occupies over 600,000 km2, and is composed of ~3.4 km of mainly Paleozoic sedimentary rock that overlies localized rifts.

The basin as named after the Parnaíba River, which is approximately 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) long, and runs relatively parallel to the major axis of the basin.

Foreland basin
A foreland basin is a structural basin that develops adjacent and parallel to a mountain belt. Foreland basins form because the immense mass created by crustal thickening associated with the evolution of a mountain belt causes the lithosphere to bend, by a process known as lithospheric flexure. The width and depth of the foreland basin is determined by the flexural rigidity of the underlying lithosphere, and the characteristics of the mountain belt. The foreland basin receives sediment that is eroded off the adjacent mountain belt, filling with thick sedimentary successions that thin away from the mountain belt. Foreland basins represent an endmember basin type, the other being rift basins. Accommodation (the space available for sediments to be deposited) is provided by loading and downflexure to form foreland basins, in contrast to rift basins, where accommodation space is generated by lithospheric extension.
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council, 1869–1872
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council who served from 1869 to 1872 were appointed for life by the Governor on the advice of the Premier. This list includes members between the beginning of the 1869–70 colonial election on 3 December 1869 and the beginning of the 1872 colonial election on 13 February 1872. The President was Sir Terence Murray.

1872 New South Wales colonial election
The 1872 New South Wales colonial election was held between 13 February and 28 March 1872. This election was for all of the 72 seats in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and it was conducted in 52 single-member constituencies, six 2-member constituencies and two 4-member constituencies, all with a first past the post system. Suffrage was limited to adult white males. The previous parliament of New South Wales was dissolved on 3 February 1872 by the Governor, Lord Belmore, on the advice of the Premier, Sir James Martin.

There was no recognisable party structure at this election; instead the government was determined by a loose, shifting factional system.
South Melbourne tram depot
South Melbourne tram depot was a depot on the Melbourne tram network, located on the corner of Kings Way and Dorcas Street, South Melbourne. It was opened in 1925 by the Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board, as Hanna Street. In September 1960, it was renamed South Melbourne.

On 25 June 1967, live vision of W class trams leaving the depot in the early morning featured on the Our World international TV program.

The depot closed on 8 February 1997, with operations being transferred to the new Southbank depot, except for route 16, which was transferred to Malvern depot. Trams continued to visit the South Melbourne depot for a few months to use the wheel lathe. In November 1997, the 2.8-hectare (6.9-acre) site was sold to developer Renak Holdings for $19 million. The buildings were demolished in June 1998 and the area redeveloped as office accommodation.

Melbourne tram route 16
Melbourne tram route 16 is a tram route on the Melbourne tramway network serving the city of Melbourne in Victoria, Australia. Operated by Yarra Trams, the route is coloured light yellow and extends from Melbourne University to Kew over 20.2 kilometre of double track via Swanston Street, St Kilda Road, Fitzroy Street, The Esplanade, Balaclava Road and Glenferrie Road. It is serviced out of Malvern depot utilising Z and D1 class trams.
Muhammad Faiyaz Ali Khan
Nawab Sir Muhammad Faiyaz Ali Khan Bahadur KCIE KCVO CSI CBE (1851–1922) was a Nawab of Pahasu, a member of the Governor General's Council of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh and Member of the Legislative council of the United Provinces.

United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
The United Provinces of Agra and Oudh was a province of India under the British Raj, which existed from 22 March 1902 to 1937; the official name was shortened by the Government of India Act 1935 to United Provinces (UP), by which the province had been commonly known, and by which name it was also a province of independent India until 1950.

It corresponded approximately to the present-day Indian states of Uttar Pradesh (UP) and Uttarakhand. Allahabad served as the administrative headquarters and the capital of the province. Two years after the annexation of Oudh State in 1856, i.e. after 1858 and until 1902, the region had existed as North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Oudh being a Chief Commissionership.

Lucknow became its capital some time after 1921. Nainital was the summer capital of the province.
Lake Elmer (Oklahoma)
Lake Elmer is a reservoir in Kingfisher County, Oklahoma that is owned by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. The nearest town is Kingfisher, about 4 miles (6.4 km) southeast of the lake. Constructed in 1962, it was completely drained in 1978 for deepening the shoreline and constructing fishing jetties. It was reimpounded and restocked with fish, after a fish kill in 1979. It has a surface area of 60 acres (24 ha) and a shoreline of 3.4 miles (5.5 km). Its elevation is 1,119 feet (341 m). The latitude and longitude are 35.8798, -97.9878. It has an average depth of 6 feet (1.8 m) and a maximum depth of 18 feet (5.5 m).

The lake has a boat ramp and two water wells. Fish species of interest to fishermen are Largemouth Bass, Bluegill Sunfish, Crappie and Catfish.

Kingfisher County, Oklahoma
Kingfisher County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,184.  Its county seat is Kingfisher. The county was formed in 1890 and named Kingfisher by a vote of residents.

The land was given to the Creek Nation by the federal government, but was taken back after the American Civil War.
Birrus
A birrus or birrus brittanicus was a rainproof, hooded woollen cloak (or simply a hood alone), characteristically worn in Britain and Gaul at the time of the Roman Empire and into the Middle Ages.

A mosaic at Chedworth Roman Villa shows a Briton wearing a birrus brittanicus; there is also one shown on a statue of a ploughman at the British Museum.

Cloak
A cloak is a type of loose garment worn over clothing, mostly but not always, as outerwear for outdoor wear, which serves the same purpose as an overcoat and protects the wearer from the weather. It may form part of a uniform. People in many different societies may wear cloaks. Over time, cloak designs have changed to match fashion and available textiles.

Cloaks generally fasten at the neck or over the shoulder, and vary in length from the hip to the ankle, with mid-calf being the normal length. They may have an attached hood and may cover and fasten down the front, in which case they have holes or slits for the hands to pass through. However, cloaks are almost always sleeveless.

Christian clerics may wear a cappa or a cope – forms of cloak – as liturgical vestments or as part of a religious habit.
Monte Bello Open Space Preserve
Monte Bello Open Space Preserve is a 3,133-acre (12.68 km2) open space preserve, located near Palo Alto in the Santa Cruz Mountains, in San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties, California, United States. The preserve encompasses the upper Stevens Creek watershed in the valley between Monte Bello Ridge and Skyline Ridge. "Monte Bello" means "beautiful mountain" in Italian, and refers to Black Mountain which is the highest part of Montebello Ridge. The straight valley of upper Stevens Creek is also the rift valley of the San Andreas Fault.

San Mateo County, California
San Mateo County, officially the County of San Mateo, is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 764,442. Redwood City is the county seat, the third-most populated city in the county after Daly City and San Mateo.

San Mateo County is included in the San Francisco–Oakland–Berkeley, CA MSA (metropolitan statistical area), Silicon Valley, and is part of the San Francisco Bay Area, the nine counties bordering San Francisco Bay. As of 2020, it has a median household income of $128,091, the fourth-highest household income of any county in the nation behind Loudoun County, Virginia, Falls Church, Virginia, and Santa Clara County, California.

The county covers most of the San Francisco Peninsula. The county is predominantly suburban and is home to many corporate campuses.
Unilateral contact
In contact mechanics, the term unilateral contact, also called unilateral constraint, denotes a mechanical constraint which prevents penetration between two rigid/flexible bodies.
Constraints of this kind are omnipresent in non-smooth multibody dynamics applications, such as granular flows, legged robot, vehicle dynamics, particle damping, imperfect joints, or rocket landings. In these applications, the unilateral constraints result in impacts happening, therefore requiring suitable methods to deal with such constraints.

Vehicle dynamics
Vehicle dynamics is the study of vehicle motion, e.g., how a vehicle's forward movement changes in response to driver inputs, propulsion system outputs, ambient conditions, air/surface/water conditions, etc.
Vehicle dynamics is a part of engineering primarily based on classical mechanics.
It may be applied for motorized vehicles (such as automobiles), bicycles and motorcycles, aircraft, and watercraft.
Pyotr Blinov
Pyotr Alexandrovich Blinov (Russian: Пётр Алекса́ндрович Блино́в; Pekshur village, Uvinsky District, Udmurtia December 30 [O.S. December 17] 1913 – near Smolensk, January 7, 1942) was a Soviet Udmurt writer and journalist.

His most famous work was the novel Wanting to Live (Улэм потэ, Russian "Жить хочется"). He died in battle during World War II.

Udmurtia
Udmurtia, officially the Udmurt Republic, is a republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is administratively part of the Volga Federal District. Its capital is the city of Izhevsk.

It was established as the Udmurt (until 1931 — Votskaya) an autonomous region of the Udmurts, Udmurtia, within Russia on November 4, 1920.
Mariner Hill
Mariner Hill (71°51′S 68°20′W﻿ / ﻿71.850°S 68.333°W﻿ / -71.850; -68.333) is a prominent snow-free conical hill, rising to about 500 metres (1,600 ft) midway between Syrtis Hill and Two Step Cliffs, situated in the southeastern portion of Alexander Island, Antarctica. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1993 after Mariner 9, the NASA probe which was the first spacecraft to orbit the planet Mars, in 1971.

Two Step Cliffs
Two Step Cliffs (71°54′S 68°13′W﻿ / ﻿71.900°S 68.217°W﻿ / -71.900; -68.217) is the eastern face of a flat-topped sedimentary mountain, rising to about 680 m, immediately east of Mars Glacier on the east coast of Alexander Island, Antarctica. At the bottom of the cliffs is the Two Step Moraine.  First seen from the air by Lincoln Ellsworth on November 23, 1935, and mapped from photos obtained on that flight by W.L.G. Joerg. Roughly surveyed from the ground in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition and in 1940-41 by the United States Antarctic Service, who used the names "Two Step Mountains" and "Table Mountain" for this feature. The name Two Step Cliffs derives from the name used by USAS, and was suggested by Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey following surveys in 1949 as being particularly descriptive of this feature.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Two Step Cliffs". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
On Nut Road
On Nut Road (Thai: ถนนอ่อนนุช, pronounced [tʰā.nǒn ʔɔ̀ːn nút]) is the name of a road in Bangkok and the neighbourhood that it passes through. Its name "On Nut", was set in honour of the surname of the land donor to build the early section of the road. As a soi (side street) branching off Sukhumvit Road (Highway 3), the road is also known as Soi Sukhumvit 77 (ซอยสุขุมวิท 77). On Nut is considered an important street in eastern Bangkok, providing a shortcut connecting various main roads. Communities of both Thai and foreign residents can be found along On Nut, which passes many condominiums and international schools.

On Nut subdistrict
On Nut (Thai: อ่อนนุช, pronounced [ʔɔ̀ːn nút]) is a khwaeng (subdistrict) of Suan Luang District, in Bangkok, Thailand. It was created in 2017, split off from Suan Luang Subdistrict along with Phatthanakan Subdistrict.

In 2020, it had a total population of 44,427 people.
1997 NCAA Division I-AA football rankings
The 1997 NCAA Division I-AA football rankings are from the Sports Network poll of Division I-AA head coaches, athletic directors, sports information directors and media members.  This is for the 1997 season.

1997 NCAA Division I-AA football season
The 1997 NCAA Division I-AA football season, part of college football in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I-AA level, began in August 1997, and concluded with the 1997 NCAA Division I-AA Football Championship Game on December 20, 1997, at Finley Stadium in Chattanooga, Tennessee. The Youngstown State Penguins won their fourth I-AA championship, defeating the McNeese State Cowboys by a score of 10−9.
Our Love Is Great
Our Love Is Great (stylized as Our love is great) is the second extended play by South Korean singer-songwriter and record producer Yerin Baek, released on March 18, 2019, under JYP Entertainment. It contains seven tracks mostly written and composed by Baek, and marked her second collaboration with music producer Cloud, who also produced her first extended play, Frank, and her first digital single "Bye Bye My Blue".

Our Love Is Great marked Baek's last work released under JYP Entertainment before officially ending her contract on September 14, 2019, announcing that she will be starting an independent label.

At the 17th Korean Music Awards, Baek was awarded Album of the Year (Grand Prize), Best Pop Album for Our Love Is Great, and Best Pop Song for the single "Maybe It's Not Our Fault".

Korean Music Awards
The Korean Music Awards (Korean: 한국대중음악상; lit. 'Korean Popular Music Awards') is an annual South Korean music awards show that honors both mainstream and underground musical artists from a variety of genres. Unlike other major South Korean music awards, which largely rely on record sales to determine winners, the Korean Music Awards distributes awards based on the recommendations of a panel of judges consisting of music critics, radio show producers, academics, and other professionals within the industry. The first ceremony was held in 2004, and is regarded as one of the most prestigious music awards in the country.