hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Null vector
In mathematics, given a vector space X with an associated quadratic form q, written (X, q), a null vector or isotropic vector is a non-zero element x of X for which q(x) = 0.

In the theory of real bilinear forms, definite quadratic forms and isotropic quadratic forms are distinct. They are distinguished in that only for the latter does there exist a nonzero null vector.

A quadratic space (X, q) which has a null vector is called a pseudo-Euclidean space. The term isotropic vector v when q(v) = 0 has been used in quadratic spaces, and anisotropic space for a quadratic space without null vectors.

A pseudo-Euclidean vector space may be decomposed (non-uniquely) into orthogonal subspaces A and B, X = A + B, where q is positive-definite on A and negative-definite on B. The null cone, or isotropic cone, of X consists of the union of balanced spheres:

The null cone is also the union of the isotropic lines through the origin.

Orthogonality
Orthogonality is a term with various meanings depending on the context.

In mathematics, orthogonality is the generalization of the geometric notion of perpendicularity. Although many authors use the two terms perpendicular and orthogonal interchangeably, the term perpendicular is more specifically used for lines and planes that intersect to form a right angle, whereas orthogonal is used in generalizations, such as orthogonal vectors or orthogonal curves.

The term is also used in other fields like physics, art, computer science, statistics, and economics.
Demopolis Historic Business District
The Demopolis Historic Business District, currently officially known as Demopolis Historic District, is a historic district in the city of Demopolis, Alabama, United States.  Demopolis had its beginnings in 1817 with the Vine and Olive Colony.  The historic district is a ten block area, roughly bounded by Capitol Street, Franklin Street, Desnouettes Street, and Cedar Avenue.

The district boundaries were increased, and name was changed to the actual one in October 2014.

Vine and Olive Colony
The Vine and Olive Colony was an effort by a group of French Bonapartists who, fearing for their lives after the fall of Napoleon and the Bourbon Restoration, attempted to establish an agricultural settlement growing wine grapes and olive trees in the Alabama wilderness.  The area that they settled later became the counties of Marengo and Hale.
Nasirov
Nasirov is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Budag Nasirov (born 1996), Azerbaijani footballer

Elman Nasirov (born 1968), Azerbaijani political scientist

Jacob Nasirov, Bukharian rabbi

Rafig Nasirov (1947–2024), Azerbaijani painter

Roman Nasirov (born 1979), Ukrainian politician

Rafig Nasirov
Rafig Alish oghlu Nasirov (Azerbaijani: Rafiq Əliş oğlu Nəsirov, 27 May 1947 – 29 November 2024) was an Azerbaijani painter, architect, and film set designer.

Nasirov was an "Honored Artist of Azerbaijan" (2000) and People's Artist (2007), Personal pensioner of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan (2017).
Akakhora
Akakhora, or Kora (Cora), is an extinct dialect of the Northern Andamanese language. It was spoken on the northeast and north central coasts of North Andaman and on Smith Island.

It has been extinct since November 2009 when its last speaker, Boro, died. It is likely a variety of a Northern Great Andamanese language, as it is very similar to Aka-Jeru, without any unique features.

Prefix
A prefix is an affix which is placed before the stem of a word. Particularly in the study of languages, a prefix is also called a preformative, because it alters the form of the word to which it is affixed.

Prefixes, like other affixes, can be either inflectional, creating a new form of a word with the same basic meaning and same lexical category, or derivational, creating a new word with a new semantic meaning and sometimes also a different lexical category. Prefixes, like all affixes, are usually bound morphemes.

English has no inflectional prefixes, using only suffixes for that purpose. Adding a prefix to the beginning of an English word changes it to a different word. For example, when the prefix un- is added to the word happy, it creates the word unhappy.

The word prefix is itself made up of the stem fix (meaning "attach", in this case), and the prefix pre- (meaning "before"), both of which are derived from Latin roots.
2015 FFA Cup
The 2015 FFA Cup was the second season of the FFA Cup (now known as the Australia Cup), the main national soccer knockout cup competition in Australia. 32 teams began competition in the competition proper (from the round of 32), including all 10 A-League teams, the reigning National Premier Leagues Champion (North Eastern MetroStars from South Australia), and 21 Football Federation Australia (FFA) member federation teams determined through individual state-based preliminary rounds. 2015 marks the first season in which teams from all nine FFA member federations participated, with the Northern Territory participating for the first time.

The winner of the FFA Cup, Melbourne Victory, received $50,000 as part of a total prize money pool of $131,000. The defending champions, Adelaide United, were knocked out in the quarter-final stage of the competition.

Hume City FC
Hume City Football Club is a semi-professional football club based in Broadmeadows, a suburb of Melbourne, Australia. Established by the local Turkish Australian community, the club competes in the National Premier Leagues Victoria.

The club, known by the local Turkish Australian community as Anadoluspor, is the most successful Turkish Australian-backed football club in Australia.

Hume City has senior men's, women's and junior boys and girls teams, all based out of John Ilhan Memorial Reserve.
Amenhotep II
Amenhotep II (also called Amenophis II and meaning "Amun is Satisfied") was the seventh pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. He inherited a vast kingdom from his father Thutmose III, and held it by means of a few military campaigns in Syria; however, he fought much less than his father, and his reign saw the effective cessation of hostilities between Egypt and Mitanni, the major kingdoms vying for power in Syria. His reign is usually dated from 1427 to 1401 BC. His consort was Tiaa, who was barred from any prestige until Amenhotep's son, Thutmose IV, came into power.

Karnak
The Karnak Temple Complex, commonly known as Karnak (/ˈkɑːr.næk/), comprises a vast mix of temples, pylons, chapels, and other buildings near Luxor, Egypt. Construction at the complex began during the reign of Senusret I (reigned 1971–1926 BC) in the Middle Kingdom (c. 2000–1700 BC) and continued into the Ptolemaic Kingdom (305–30 BC), although most of the extant buildings date from the New Kingdom. The area around Karnak was the ancient Egyptian Ipet-isut ("The Most Selected of Places") and the main place of worship of the 18th Dynastic Theban Triad, with the god Amun as its head.

It is part of the monumental city of Thebes, and in 1979 it was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List along with the rest of the city. Karnak gets its name from the nearby, and partly surrounded, modern village of El-Karnak, 2.5 kilometres (1.6 miles) north of Luxor.
Costanzi
Costanzi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carlo Costanzi (1705–1781), Italian gem engraver

Giovanni Costanzi (1674–1754), Italian gem engraver

Giovanni Battista Costanzi (1704–1778), Italian composer and cellist

Giulio Costanzi (1875–1965), Italian spaceflight scientist

Placido Costanzi (1702–1759), Italian painter

Tommaso Costanzi (1700–1747), Italian gem engraver

Tommaso Costanzi
Tommaso Costanzi (1700–1747) was an Italian gem engraver of the late-Baroque period.

He was born to a family of gem-makers and artists in Naples. His father Giovanni and brother Carlo were also a gem engravers, while his other brother Placido became a painter. Tommaso later moved and worked the rest of his life in Rome. None of his works survive, but he was noted in documentation by Giovanni Pichler.
Rakh Syedan
Rakh Syedan is a village situated in Sheikhupura District. It is situated on the Sargodha Road near Parco branch.

The tomb of Syed Hassan Badr ul din Gillani is in the Masanian Village in India. The Sadaat of Rakh Syedan had migrated from Masanian Shareef the village in Gurdaspur, India.

Masanian
Masanian is a village in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 29 kilometres (18 mi) from the district headquarters Jalandhar and 155 kilometres (96 mi) from the state capital Chandigarh. The village is administered by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of the village as per Panchayati raj (India).
Simon Stickl
Simon Stickl (born 18 October 1987) is a German freestyle skier who specializes in the skicross discipline.

He made his World Cup debut in January 2008 in Les Contamines, and collected his first World Cup points four days later with a nineteenth place in Flaine. He then recorded a thirteenth place in Kreischberg before dropping slightly through the remainder of the 2007–08 season. He opened the 2008–09 season with a 21st place in St. Johann in Tirol.

He represents the sports club SC Bad Wiessee.

Kreischberg
Kreischberg is an Austrian ski resort in Styria, Austria.

The area includes the adjacent Rosenkranzhöhe and offers 40 kilometres of slopes altogether. In December 2013, Kreischberg was considered the first 10-seater gondola in Styria. Recently, the resort has been awarded multiple times for its high-quality slopes.
Arkansas Hills
The Arkansas Hills are a mountain range in Central Colorado located between the upper Arkansas River Valley and the upper South Platte River Valley. This landmass is a continuation of the ridge known as the Mosquito Range north of Trout Creek Pass. The range continues for roughly 60 miles south-southwest from Trout Creek Pass to the town of Texas Creek. Few perennial streams flow out of the Arkansas Hills, as the area is arid. The range is in the rain shadow of the much higher Sawatch to the west across the Arkansas River Valley. The City of Salida, Colorado is the most notable municipality near the Arkansas Hills. To the south is the town of Cotopaxi, Colorado, and to the east is the town of Guffey, Colorado. The highest points in the Arkansas Hills tend to be between 11,000 and 12,000 feet elevation.

Central Colorado
Central Colorado is a region of the U.S. state of Colorado. Central Colorado is home to most of the population of the state and its geography is dominated by the Rocky Mountains, their foothills, mesas, and canyons, the rivers that run through them, and the open plains off the foothills. Central Colorado can be separated into two regions known as the north central region and the south central region. Central Colorado is home to the state's two largest cities, Denver and Colorado Springs. Central Colorado, has developed many campgrounds.
Modugno (surname)
Modugno (pronounced [moˈduɲɲo]) is an Italian surname from Apulia. It is likely a toponymic surname derived from the Apulian town of Modugno. People with the name include:

Domenico Modugno (1928–1994), Italian singer, songwriter, actor, and politician

Enrica Maria Modugno (born 1958), Italian actress

Franco Modugno (born 1938), Italian law professor and judge

Giuseppe Modugno (born 1960), Italian pianist

Ludovica Modugno (1949–2021), Italian actress and voice actress

Raffaella Modugno (born 1988), Italian model

Domenico Modugno
Domenico Modugno (Italian pronunciation: [doˈmeːniko moˈduɲɲo]; 9 January 1928 – 6 August 1994) was an Italian singer, actor and, later in life, a member of the Italian Parliament. He is known for his 1958 international hit song "Nel blu dipinto di blu", for which he received the first Grammy Awards for Record of the Year and Song of the Year. He is considered the first Italian cantautore.
Jeff Black (singer)
Jeff Black is an American singer-songwriter originally from Kansas City, Missouri, and now based in Nashville, Tennessee. His writings have been described in the Allmusic as "impressionistic songs that are smart without forgetting the emotional undercurrent."  His songs have been covered by Alison Krauss, Waylon Jennings, Sam Bush, Jerry Douglas and BlackHawk.  BlackHawk's cover of Black's song, "That's Just About Right," was a Top 10 Country single in 1996. BlackHawk's cover of Black's song, "King of the World" was a Top 30 Country single in 1998. Black also co-wrote the title track "Circles Around Me" with Sam Bush for his 2009 Grammy-nominated album Circles Around Me. Black has released 10 of his own self-produced albums and tours widely.  He is also recognized as a digital music pioneer by NPR for his podcast, Black Tuesdays.

Strong Enough (Blackhawk album)
Strong Enough is the second studio album by American country music band Blackhawk, released in 1995. It features the singles "I'm Not Strong Enough to Say No", "Like There Ain't No Yesterday", "Almost a Memory Now", "Big Guitar", and "King of the World", which respectively reached numbers 2, 3, 11, 17, and 49 on the Hot Country Songs charts. The album itself earned RIAA gold certification for sales of 500,000 copies.

The track "Cast Iron Heart" was previously recorded by Pearl River on their 1993 album Find Out What's Happening, and would later be recorded by Linda Davis on her 1996 album Some Things Are Meant to Be. In addition, "Bad Love Gone Good" was previously recorded by John Anderson on 1993's Solid Ground.
Sarah Barlondo
Sarah Barlondo is a British-French actress and disability activist known for her role in Wonder Woman 1984 and her work the Mexican television series Un Refugio para el Amor produced by Televisa.

She also appeared on La Fuerza del Destino, Ni contigo ni sin ti, Esperanza del Corazón, La Guerre des Miss by Patrice Leconte

Beauties at War
Beauties at War is a 2008 French film. Originally titled La guerre des Miss in French, the film aired in France on 9 January 2009, directed by Patrice Leconte. It was also shown at the Seattle International Film Festival 2009.
Huronic (steamship)
Huronic was part of a fleet of passenger vessels built for service on the Great Lakes (and namely in Collingwood area). She was designed by Hugh Calderwood, Manager of Collingwood Shipbuilding. She was retired in late 1949, a few months after her sister ship, Noronic, had a catastrophic fire, at her moorings, in Toronto, Ontario, killing 119 of her passengers. She was launched, in Collingwood, Ontario, in 1901.

Huronic ran aground in 1913, off Whitefish Point, in Lake Superior. There was no loss of life, although many other vessels that ran aground during the same storm did lose lives.

Huronic ran aground again in 1928, and was then refloated, off Isle Royale, in Lake Superior.

Other ships in the fleet included Noronic, Hamonic, Doric (1903), and Ionic.

Collingwood, Ontario
Collingwood is a town in Simcoe County, Ontario, Canada. It is situated on Nottawasaga Bay at the southern point of Georgian Bay. Collingwood is well known as a tourist destination, for its skiing in the winter, and limestone caves along the Niagara Escarpment in the summer.
Mohawk, Adirondack and Northern Railroad
The Mohawk, Adirondack and Northern Railroad (MA&N) (reporting mark MHWA) is a class III railroad operating in Central and Northern New York. Specifically, it serves Oneida, Jefferson, and St. Lawrence counties.  It operates over trackage of the former New York Central Railroad.

Class I and II regional railroad partners are CSX Transportation (interchanging in Utica and Carthage) and New York, Susquehanna & Western (interchanging in Utica).

The railroad is a subsidiary of Genesee Valley Transportation Company.

Railroad classes
Railroad classes are the system by which freight railroads are designated in the United States. Railroads are assigned to Class I, II or III according to annual revenue criteria originally set by the Surface Transportation Board in 1992. With annual adjustments for inflation, the 2019 thresholds were US$504,803,294 for Class I carriers and US$40,384,263 for Class II carriers. (Smaller carriers were Class III by default.)

There are six Class I freight railroad companies in the United States: BNSF Railway, CSX Transportation, Canadian National Railway, CPKC, Norfolk Southern Railway, and Union Pacific Railroad. Canadian National also operates in Canada and CPKC operates in Canada and Mexico.

In addition, the national passenger railroad in the United States, Amtrak, would qualify as Class I if it were a freight carrier, as would Canada's Via Rail passenger service. Mexico's Ferromex freight railroad would also qualify as Class I, but it does not operate in the United States.
Nemwang
Nemwang is a Nepalese surname. Notable people with that surname include:

Subaschandra Nemwang, Nepalese politician and the former chairman of Constituent Assembly of Nepal.

Basanta Kumar Nemwang, Nepalese politician.

Til Bikram Nembang, Nepalese senior litterateur.

2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly
The Second Constituent Assembly of Nepal, later converted to the Legislature Parliament (Nepali: व्यवस्थापिका संसद), was a unicameral legislature of Nepal. It was elected in the 2013 Constituent Assembly elections after the failure of the first Constituent Assembly (CA) to promulgate a new constitution. The Assembly converted into a legislative parliament after the constitution was promulgated in 2015. The legislature parliament's term ended on 14 October 2017.
Gadimyxa atlantica
Gadimyxa atlantica is a species of parasitic myxozoan. Together with G. arctica and G. sphaerica, they infect Gadus morhua and Arctogadus glacialis by developing coelozoically in bisporic plasmodia in their urinary systems. These 3 species' spores exhibit two morphological forms: wide and subspherical, being both types bilaterally symmetrical along the suture line. The wide spores have a mean width ranging from 7.5-10μm, respectively, while the subspherical ones range from 5.3-8μm in mean width. The subspherical forms of Gadimyxa are similar to Ortholinea, differing in the development of the spores and in the arrangement of the polar capsules. Polychaetes Spirorbisspecies act as invertebrate hosts of G. atlantica.

Suture (anatomy)
In anatomy, a suture is a fairly rigid joint between two or more hard elements of an organism, with or without significant overlap of the elements.

Sutures are found in the skeletons or exoskeletons of a wide range of animals, in both invertebrates and vertebrates. Sutures are found in animals with hard parts from the Cambrian period to the present day. Sutures were and are formed by several different methods, and they exist between hard parts that are made from several different materials.
SUNSAT
The Stellenbosch UNiversity SATellite or SUNSAT (COSPAR 1999-008C) was the first miniaturized satellite designed and manufactured in South Africa. It was launched aboard a Delta II rocket from the Vandenberg Air Force Base on 23 February 1999 to become the first launched South African satellite. Sunsat was built by post-graduate engineering students at the University of Stellenbosch. Its AMSAT designation was SO-35 (Sunsat Oscar 35).

Last contact by ground control with SUNSAT was on 19 January 2001 and on 1 February 2001 the end of SUNSAT's functional life in orbit was announced. The satellite operated in orbit for nearly 2 years.

It is predicted to reenter the atmosphere after about 30 years from launch.

Delta II
Delta II was an expendable launch system designed and built by McDonnell Douglas, sometimes known as the Thorad Delta 1. Delta II was part of the Delta rocket family, derived from the Delta 3000, and entered service in 1989. There were two main variants, the Delta 6000 and Delta 7000, with the latter also having "Light" and "Heavy" subvariants. During its career, Delta II flew several payloads, including 24 Global Positioning System (GPS) Block II satellites, several dozen NASA payloads, and 60 Iridium communication satellites. The rocket flew its final mission, ICESat-2, on 15 September 2018, earning  a streak of 100 consecutive successful missions, with the last failure being GPS IIR-1 in 1997. In the late 1990s, Delta II was developed into the unsuccessful Delta III, which was in turn developed into the more capable and successful Delta IV, though the latter shares little heritage with the original Thor and Delta rockets.
The Two Orphans (1942 film)
The Two Orphans (Italian: Le due orfanelle) is a 1942 Italian historical drama film directed by Carmine Gallone and starring Alida Valli, María Denis and Osvaldo Valenti. It was based on the play The Two Orphans by Adolphe d'Ennery and Eugène Cormon, one of many film adaptations. It was made at Cinecittà Studios in Rome. The film's sets were designed by the art director Guido Fiorini.

Carmine Gallone
Carmine Gallone (10 September 1885 – 11 March 1973) was an early Italian film director, screenwriter, and film producer, who was also controversial for his works of pro-Fascist propaganda and historical revisionism. Considered one of Italian cinema's leading early directors, he directed over 120 films in his fifty-year career between 1913 and 1963.
Hippichthys heptagonus
Hippichthys heptagonus, the belly pipefish, is a species of freshwater pipefish of the family Syngnathidae. It is found from Kenya and South Africa to the Solomon Islands, and from southern Japan to New South Wales. It is a demersal species, living in the lower parts of rivers and streams, estuary habitats such as mangroves and tidal creeks, and occasionally in large lakes. It feeds on small crustaceans, such as copepods and cladocerans, as well as dipteran and ephemopteran larvae. It can grow to lengths of 15 centimetres (5.9 in). This species is ovoviviparous, with females depositing eggs on the males, who in turn give birth to live young several weeks later. Males may brood at 6.5–7.5 centimetres (2.6–3.0 in).

Copepod
Copepods (/ˈkoʊpəpɒd/; meaning 'oar-feet') are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat. Some species are planktonic (living in the water column), some are benthic (living on the sediments), several species have parasitic phases, and some continental species may live in limnoterrestrial habitats and other wet terrestrial places, such as swamps, under leaf fall in wet forests, bogs, springs, ephemeral ponds, puddles, damp moss, or water-filled recesses of plants (phytotelmata) such as bromeliads and pitcher plants. Many live underground in marine and freshwater caves, sinkholes, or stream beds. Copepods are sometimes used as biodiversity indicators.
Ali El-Sawy
Ali Mohamed Mohamed El-Sawy (born February 16, 1995) is an Egyptian karateka. He is the current World Number 1 Rank in the Men’s Individual -67 Kg Kumite and he won a Bronze Medal in Karate at the 2017 Islamic Solidarity Games, The 4th Islamic Solidarity Games held at Baku Sports Hall, Baku, Azerbaijan from 13 to 14 May 2017. he got bronze medal at world championship Dubai 2021

2017 Islamic Solidarity Games
The 4th Islamic Solidarity Games (Azerbaijani: 2017 IV İslam Həmrəyliyi Oyunları) was a multinational, multi-sport event that was held in Baku, Azerbaijan, from May 12 to 22, 2017. Previously, the event was held in Saudi Arabia in 2005 and Indonesia in 2013. The second event, originally scheduled to take place in October 2009 in Iran, was later rescheduled but then cancelled.

The Islamic Solidarity Sports Federation (ISSF) is responsible for the direction and control of the Islamic Solidarity Games.
Ewald von Lochow
Ewald Constantin Ferdinand Friedrich von Lochow (1 April 1855 in Petkus – 11 April 1942 in Berlin-Charlottenburg) was a Prussian officer and later General of Infantry during World War I. He was a recipient of Pour le Mérite with Oakleaves.

General of the Infantry (Germany)
General of the Infantry (German: General der Infanterie, abbr. General d. Inf.) is a former rank of the German army (Heer). It is currently an appointment or position given to an OF-8 rank officer, who is responsible for particular affairs of training and equipment of the Bundeswehr infantry.