hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
K. Manoharan (Dharmapuri)
K. Manoharan is an Indian politician and a former member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. He hails from Chinneri village in the Dharmapuri district. Manoharan, who has passed the PUC (Pre-University Course). He belongs to the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) party. He contested and won the election for the Dharmapuri constituency in the 1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, becoming a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA).

Dharmapuri district
Dharmapuri district is one of the 38 districts in the state of Tamil-Nadu, India. It is the first district created in Tamil Nadu after the independence of India by splitting it from then-Salem district on 2 October 1965. Dharmapuri District is one of the major producers of mango in the state, fine quality granite is found in the district. It is also one of the main sericulture belts in the state. Around 30 percent of the district's area is under forest cover. Kaveri enters Tamil Nadu through this district. Dharmapuri district had the lowest literacy rate of 74.23% in Tamilnadu during the 2011 census.
Christine Boutin
Christine Boutin (French pronunciation: [kʁistin butɛ̃], born 6 February 1944) is a French former politician leading the small French Christian Democratic Party. She served as a member of the French National Assembly representing Yvelines, from 1986 until 2007, when she was appointed Minister of Housing and Urban Development by President Nicolas Sarkozy. She was a candidate in the 2002 French presidential election, in which she scored 1.19% on the first round of balloting.

Boutin was the leader of the Christian Democratic Party (Parti Chrétien-démocrate), a socially conservative Christian-democratic party, which is associated with the greater UMP union party. She is best known for her very vocal opposition to civil unions in 1998 and same-sex marriage later on.

She announced on 21 October 2017 that she was leaving politics, resigning as departmental councillor for Yvelines.

Rambouillet
Rambouillet  (UK: /rɒ̃ˈbuːjeɪ/, US: /ˌrɒmbuːˈjeɪ/; French: [ʁɑ̃bujɛ] ⓘ) is a commune and subprefecture of the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region of France. It is located beyond the outskirts of Paris, 44.3 km (27.5 mi) southwest of its centre. As of 2023, the population of the commune was 27,224.

Rambouillet lies on the edge of the vast Forest of Rambouillet (Forêt de Rambouillet or Forêt de l'Yveline); it is famous for its historical castle, the Château de Rambouillet, which hosted several international summits. Due to its proximity to Paris and Versailles, Rambouillet has long been an occasional seat of government.
Apollonie Sabatier
Apollonie Sabatier (born Aglaé Joséphine Savatier; 8 April 1822 – 3 January 1890) was a French entertainer, artist's model and courtesan, who became a salon hostess and bohemian muse to many of the French artists of 1850s Paris.

Gustave Flaubert
Gustave Flaubert (UK: /ˈfloʊbɛər/ FLOH-bair, US: /floʊˈbɛər/ floh-BAIR; French: [ɡystav flobɛʁ]; 12 December 1821 – 8 May 1880) was a French novelist. He has been considered the leading exponent of literary realism in his country and abroad. According to the literary theorist Kornelije Kvas, "in Flaubert, realism strives for formal perfection, so the presentation of reality tends to be neutral, emphasizing the values and importance of style as an objective method of presenting reality". He is known especially for his debut novel Madame Bovary (1857), his Correspondence, and his scrupulous devotion to his style and aesthetics. The celebrated short story writer Guy de Maupassant was a protégé of Flaubert.
2011–12 Austrian Football First League
The 2011–12 Austrian Football First League was the 38th season of the Austrian second-level football league. It began on 10 June 2011 and ended on 18 May 2012 after the 36th and final round. The Carinthian cooperative associations Wolfsberger AC and SK St. Andrä won the championship.  WAC, which ended its cooperative with SK St. Andrä after the 2011–12 season, moved up to the Bundesliga for the first time.  The last place team of TSV Hartberg had to move down to the Austrian Regional League Central.  The second-to-last place team had to play two relegation matches against Grazer AK, the champion of the Central Regional League.

Grazer AK
Grazer Athletiksport-Klub (lit. 'Graz's Athletic Sport Club'; abbreviated as GAK), better known simply as Grazer AK, is an Austrian sports club based in the city of Graz in the federal state of Styria. The football section was once among Austria's most popular clubs, enjoying success in the decade between 1995 and 2005. The other sections are basketball, diving and tennis, which however all act as separate legal entities. The "GAK" football section folded during the 2012–13 Regionalliga Mitte Season in Autumn 2012. It has since been revived and returned to the Austrian Second League in 2019, and four years later won promotion to the Austrian Bundesliga after a seventeen-year hiatus.
Darel District
Darel District (Urdu: ضلع داریل) is a district of Pakistan's Gilgit-Baltistan area in the disputed Kashmir region. It lies south-west of Gilgit District. It is one of the 14 districts of Gilgit−Baltistan. Its population lives mainly in the valley of the Darel River, a right tributary of the Indus River.

Prior to 2019, Darel District was a tehsil of the Diamer District, along with Tangir and Chilas.

Divisions of Pakistan
The administrative units of Pakistan contains four provinces, two administrative territories of the Kashmir region and a capital territory. The provinces and administrative territories are subdivided into 37 divisions. These divisions are further subdivided into districts, tehsils, and finally union councils. The divisions were abolished in 2000, but restored in 2008.

These divisions do not include the Islamabad Capital Territory. The formerly Federally Administered Tribal Areas, which were counted at the same level as provinces, have been subsumed into the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and allocated to neighbouring divisions therein in 2018.
Pseudochapsa aptrootiana
Pseudochapsa aptrootiana is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2018 by Marcela Eugenia da Silva Cáceres, Thamires Almeida Pereira, and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected from Mata do Cipó (Capela e Siriri, Sergipe) at an elevation of 80–100 m (260–330 ft); here, in an Atlantic Rainforest remnant, it was found in the forest understory. It has a light grey thallus lacking a prothallus and a cortex. Its ascospores, which number eight per ascus, are oblong to spindle-shaped (fusiform) with between 11 and 15 septa and measure 30–35 by 7–8 μm. Lichen products that occur in Pseudochapsa aptrootiana include stictic and constictic acid as major or submajor metabolites, and minor to trace amounts of cryptostictic, hypostictic, and acetylhypoconstictic acids. The species epithet honours Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot, "for his invaluable contributions to tropical lichenology".

Prothallus
A prothallus, or prothallium, (from Latin pro = forwards and Greek θαλλος (thallos) = twig) is usually the gametophyte stage in the life of a fern or other pteridophyte. Occasionally, the term is also used to describe the young gametophyte of a liverwort or peat moss as well. In lichens, it refers to the region of the thallus that is free of algae.

The prothallus develops from a germinating spore. It is a short-lived and inconspicuous heart-shaped structure typically 2–5 millimeters wide, with a number of rhizoids (root-like hairs) growing underneath, and the sex organs: archegonium (female) and antheridium (male). Appearance varies quite a lot between species. Some are green and conduct photosynthesis while others are colorless and nourish themselves underground as saprotrophs.
Hans Mikosch
Hans Mikosch (7 January 1898  – 18 January 1993) was a German general (Generalleutnant) in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded the 10th Panzergrenadier Division and then the 13th Panzer Division. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. Mikosch surrendered to the Red Army in April 1945; he remained in captivity until 1955.

Oberst
Oberst (German pronunciation: [ˈoːbɐst] ⓘ) is a senior field officer rank in several German-speaking and Scandinavian countries, equivalent to Colonel. It is currently used by both the ground and air forces of Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Denmark, and Norway. The Swedish rank överste is a direct translation, as are the Finnish rank eversti and the Icelandic rank ofursti.
Mount Claremont, Western Australia
Mount Claremont, known previously as Graylands, is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the Town of Cambridge and the City of Nedlands.

Graylands underwent significant changes in the 1950s, with the post war downgrading of military and migrant facilities in the area.

City of Nedlands
The City of Nedlands is a local government area in the inner western suburbs of the Western Australian capital city of Perth, about 7 kilometres (4 mi) west of Perth's central business district. The city is situated within the western suburbs of the metropolitan area—known colloquially as the “golden triangle” for the concentration of wealth and high housing values.
Groothuis
Groothuis is a Dutch surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bart Groothuis (born 1981), Dutch politician

Douglas Groothuis (born 1957), American Christian theologian

Gregg Groothuis (born 1970), American professional wrestler

Paul Groothuis, Dutch sound designer

Stefan Groothuis (born 1981), Dutch speed skater

Bart Groothuis
Bart Groothuis (born 1 January 1981) is a Dutch politician serving as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) since 2020. He is a member of the Dutch conservative-liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party, which are both part of the European political group Renew Europe.

He worked for politician Henk Kamp and as a cybersecurity expert at the Ministry of Defence before receiving a seat in the European Parliament as a result of Brexit in February 2020.
Clova Court
Clova E. Court (née Cameron; born 10 February 1960) is a British/Jamaican retired  athlete, who competed mainly in the heptathlon and the 100 metres hurdles. She represented Great Britain in the heptathlon at the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona. She won a record five AAA Championships heptathlon tiles, and also won the 1994 AAA Championships 100 metres hurdles title, defeating Sally Gunnell.

1994 AAA Championships
The 1994 AAA Championships sponsored by KP, was an outdoor track and field competition organised by the Amateur Athletic Association (AAA), held from 11 to 12 June at Don Valley Stadium in Sheffield, England. The event doubled as the qualifiers for the 1994 European Athletics Championships.

It was the first and only time that the AAA Championships was held at the Don Valley Stadiume. It was considered the de facto national championships for the United Kingdom.

Many top British athletes were absent from the competition.
Viburnum japonicum
Viburnum japonicum, the Japanese viburnum, is a species of flowering plant in the family Viburnaceae. It native to Zhejiang in China, Gageodo island in South Korea, the  Ryukyu Islands, and Japan. A rounded evergreen bush reaching 6–8 ft (1.8–2.4 m), with glossy leaves and strongly scented flowers, it is hardy to USDA zone 7.

Gageodo
Gageodo (Korean: 가거도), also known as Soheuksando due to its location near Heuksan-do, is the southwestern-most island of South Korea in the Yellow Sea. It is within the administrative boundaries of Sinan County, Jeollanam-do, South Korea, and is connected by the Namhae Star ferry to the city of Mokpo. The island's 9.2 square kilometres (3.6 sq mi) are home to about 470 people.

Gageodo has been a trading port with China since the Unified Silla period.

The Gageodo anchovy fishing song(s) were declared part of Jeollanam-do's intangible natural heritage in 1988.

Gageodo is meteorologically significant, due to its location near the southern limit of the Yellow Sea Cold Current. In 2005, the South Korean government announced plans for a marine science base on the island.
Trams in Bydgoszcz
Trams in Bydgoszcz is a tram system in Bydgoszcz, Poland that has been in operation since 1888. The system is currently operated by Miejskie Zakłady Komunikacyjne w Bydgoszczy. There are 11 lines with a total line length of 128.05 kilometres (79.57 mi). The system uses 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge.

Network length (transport)
In transport terminology, network length (or, less often, system length) refers to the total length of a transport network, and commonly also refers to the length of any fixed infrastructure associated with the network.

A measurement can be made of the network length of various different modes of transport, including rail, bus, road and air.  The measurement may focus on one of a number of specific characteristics, such as route length, line length or track length.
2023 Shanghai Challenger – Doubles
Gao Xin and Sun Fajing were the defending champions but only Sun chose to defend his title, partnering Yasutaka Uchiyama. Sun and Uchiyama withdrew from their quarterfinals match against Alex Bolt and Luke Saville.

Bolt and Saville won the title after defeating Bu Yunchaokete and Te Rigele 4–6, 6–3, [11–9] in the final.

Te Rigele
Te Rigele (born 9 October 1997) is a Chinese tennis player.
Te has a career-high ATP singles ranking of No. 395, achieved on 22 October 2018. On 14 October 2024, he achieved a career high doubles ranking of No. 291.

On the junior tour, Te had a career-high ranking of No. 48, achieved in January 2015.
High Bridge Trail State Park
High Bridge Trail State Park is a rail trail in Southside Virginia converted from a rail line last belonging to Norfolk Southern.

The first section of the High Bridge Trail opened in 2008 with the most recent extension into The Town of Pamplin completed in Spring 2024. With a length of more than thirty miles, the trail is shared by bicyclists, pedestrians and equestrians — and includes a restored crossing at the Appomattox River over the historic High Bridge – from which the park derives its name.

The lineal park traverses Appomattox, Nottoway, Cumberland, and Prince Edward counties as well as Pamplin City, Prospect, Farmville, Rice and Burkeville.  Where the trail traverses Farmville, it directly adjoins Longwood University at the campus' satellite housing and athletic site.

Appomattox County, Virginia
Appomattox County (/ˌæpəˈmætəks/ A-pə-MA-təks) is a United States county located in the Piedmont region and near the center of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The county is part of the Lynchburg metropolitan area, and its county seat is the town of Appomattox.

Appomattox County was created in 1845 from parts of four other Virginia counties. The name of the county comes from the Appamatuck Indians, who lived in the area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,119.
Three pillars of the European Union
Between 1993 and 2009, the European Union (EU) legally comprised three pillars. This structure was introduced with the Maastricht Treaty on 1 November 1993, and was eventually abandoned on 1 December 2009 upon the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon, when the EU obtained a consolidated legal personality and a structured distribution of competences.

The European Communities pillar handled economic, social and environmental policies. It comprised the European Community (EC), the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC, until its expiry in 2002), and the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM).

The Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) pillar took care of foreign policy and military matters.

Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters (PJCCM) brought together co-operation in the fight against crime. This pillar was originally named Justice and Home Affairs (JHA).

Environmental policy of the European Union
The European Union (EU) Environmental Policy was initiated in 1973 with the "Environmental Action Programme" at which point the Environmental Unit was formed (named Directorate General for the Environment in 1981). The policy has thereafter evolved "to cover a vast landscape of different topics enacted over many decades" (Reuters) and in 2015 the Institute for European Environmental Policy estimated that "the body of EU environmental law" amounted to more than 500 directives, regulations and decisions.

"Over the past decades the European Union has put in place a broad range of environmental legislation. As a result, air, water and soil pollution has significantly been reduced. Chemicals legislation has been modernised and the use of many toxic or hazardous substances has been restricted. Today, EU citizens enjoy some of the best water quality in the world" (European Commission, EAP 2020)
Gervasio Gatti
Gervasio Gatti (c. 1550 in either Cremona, Vercelli or Pavia – c. 1631) was  an Italian painter during the late-Renaissance, active in Parma, Piacenza, and Cremona.  He was also known as Il Soiaro (or Sojaro) Gatti trained with his uncle Bernardino Gatti. He helped decorate the salons in the Rocca of San Secondo Parmense.  He also studied with Correggio.

San Secondo Parmense
San Secondo Parmense (Sansecondino: San Sgond or Sasgon; Parmigiano: San Zgónd) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Parma in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 200 kilometres (120 mi) northwest of Bologna and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Parma.

San Secondo Parmense borders the following municipalities: Fontanellato, Roccabianca, Sissa Trecasali, Soragna.

The main sights are the Rocca dei Rossi castle and a Romanesque rural church, the Pieve di San Genesio, first documented in the 11th century.
Pinot (surname)
Pinot is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Giuseppe Pinot-Gallizio (1902–1964), Italian painter

Manohara Odelia Pinot (born 1992), Indonesian model

Margaux Pinot (born 1994), French judoka

Robert Pinot (1862–1926), long-term secretary-general of the Comité des Forges de France

Thibaut Pinot (born 1990), French cyclist

Thibaut Pinot
Thibaut Pinot (born 29 May 1990) is a French former professional road bicycle racer, who competed as a professional from 2010 to 2023, spending his entire career with Française des Jeux. Once considered one of the most promising talents in French cycling, he finished third overall in the 2014 Tour de France and first in the young rider classification. He has won stages in all three Grand Tours, with 3 in the Tour de France, 1 in the Giro d'Italia and 2 in the Vuelta a España. Pinot has taken more than thirty professional victories, including the Giro di Lombardia in 2018, and he won the mountains classification at the 2023 Giro d'Italia.
2000 World Allround Speed Skating Championships
The 2000 World Allround Speed Skating Championships was held on 5–6 February 2000 in the Pettit National Ice Center in Milwaukee.

Title defenders from the 1999 Championship in the Hamar Vikingskipet were Gunda Niemann-Stirnemann (Germany) and Rintje Ritsma (Netherlands).

German Claudia Pechstein and Dutchman Gianni Romme became world champion.

Hamar
Hamar [ˈhɑ̂ːmɑr] ⓘ is a town in Hamar Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. Hamar is the administrative centre of Hamar Municipality. It is located in the traditional region of Hedmarken. The town is located on the shores of Mjøsa, Norway's largest lake. Historically, it was the principal city of the former Hedmark county, now part of the larger Innlandet county.

The town of Hamar lies in the southwestern part of Hamar Municipality. The 14.21-square-kilometre (5.49 sq mi) town has a population (2024) of 30,030 and a population density of 2,113 inhabitants per square kilometre (5,470/sq mi). The urban area of the town actually extends over the municipal borders into both Ringsaker Municipality and Stange Municipality. About 1.7 square kilometres (420 acres) and 2,438 residents within the town are actually located in Ringsaker Municipality and another 0.3 square kilometres (74 acres) and 332 residents of the town are located within Stange Municipality.
Geneseo Historic District
The Geneseo Historic District, previously known as the Main Street Historic District, is a historic district encompassing much of the village center of Geneseo, New York.  Geneseo has a remarkably well-preserved 19th-century streetscape, with Victorian architecture embodying a picturesque style advocated by architect Andrew Jackson Downing.  The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977; an enlarged district was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1991.

Andrew Jackson Downing
Andrew Jackson Downing (October 31, 1815 – July 28, 1852) was an American landscape designer, horticulturist, writer, prominent advocate of the Gothic Revival in the United States, and editor of The Horticulturist magazine (1846–1852). Downing is considered to be a founder of American landscape architecture.
Teluk Bintuni-class tank landing ship
The Teluk Bintuni class, Indonesian designation AT-117M is a class of tank landing ships that is being built indigenously for the Indonesian Navy by various Indonesian local shipyards. It was announced that the Indonesian Navy intends to acquire a total of twelve vessels of the same class with some modifications from the lead ship to improve ship's capability.

Indonesian Navy
The Indonesian Navy (Indonesian: Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut, lit. 'Indonesian National Military-Sea Force', TNI-AL) is the naval branch of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. It was founded on 10 September 1945 and has a role to patrol Indonesia's lengthy coastline, to enforce and patrol the territorial waters and Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Indonesia, to protect Indonesia's maritime strategic interests, to protect the islands surrounding Indonesia, and to defend against seaborne threats.

The Navy is headed by the Chief of Staff of the Navy (Kepala Staf Angkatan Laut – KSAL or KASAL). The Indonesian Navy consists of three major fleets known as "Armada", which are Komando Armada I (1st Fleet Command) located in Tanjung Uban, Komando Armada II (2nd Fleet Command) located in Surabaya, Komando Armada III (3rd Fleet Command) located in Sorong, and one Komando Lintas Laut Militer (Military Sealift Command). The Navy also heads the Marine Corps.
Golden Jubilee of Carl XVI Gustaf
The Golden Jubilee of Carl XVI Gustaf was celebrated in 2023 in the Kingdom of Sweden, to mark the 50th anniversary of the accession of King Carl XVI Gustaf on 15 September 1973. He is the first Swedish monarch to celebrate a Golden Jubilee. The 500th anniversary of Sweden's regained independence, through the election of King Gustav I, was also marked during the Jubilee year.

A number of events were planned to mark the Jubilee in several places across Sweden throughout the year.

Gustav Vasa
Gustav Eriksson Vasa (12 May 1496 – 29 September 1560), also known as Gustav I, was King of Sweden from 1523 until his death in 1560. He was previously self-recognised Protector of the Realm (Riksföreståndare) from 1521, during the Swedish War of Liberation against King Christian II of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Gustav rose to lead this war following the Stockholm Bloodbath, where his father was executed. Gustav's election as king on 6 June 1523 (the future National Day of Sweden) and his triumphant entry into Stockholm eleven days later marked Sweden's final secession from the Kalmar Union.

During his reign, Gustav initiated the Protestant Swedish reformation, transformed the country from an elective to a hereditary monarchy and established a standing army and navy.