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2018 in archosaur paleontology
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The year 2018 in archosaur paleontology was eventful. Archosaurs include the only living dinosaur group — birds — and the reptile crocodilians, plus all extinct dinosaurs, extinct crocodilian relatives, and pterosaurs. Archosaur palaeontology is the scientific study of those animals, especially as they existed before the Holocene Epoch began about 11,700 years ago. The year 2018 in paleontology included various significant developments regarding archosaurs.

This article records new taxa of fossil archosaurs of every kind that have been described during the year 2018, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of archosaurs that occurred in the year 2018.

Santonian
The Santonian is an age in the geologic timescale or a chronostratigraphic stage. It is a subdivision of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or Upper Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 85.7 ± 0.2 mya (million years ago) and 83.6 ± 0.2 mya. The Santonian is preceded by the Coniacian and is followed by the Campanian.
Cletus Nelson Nwadike
Cletus Nelson Nwadike, born 1966 is a Swedish-Nigerian poet and author.

He left Nigeria for Sweden in 1990 due to political reasons. He already spoke three languages (Ibo, Hausa and English) and embraced the new opportunity to learn another language by reading modern classical Swedish writers such as Pär Lagerkvist and Harry Martinson. After about 5 – 6 years in Sweden he found an urge to write poetry, in Swedish. He says he finds it hard to write in English, the language of the former colonial power. He never learned to write in the Ibo or Hausa languages. His main themes are love, death and Africa.
He published his first poetry collection in 1998, En kort svart dikt (A Short Black Poem) and has since then published five more books. Nwadike has also contributed to periodicals and anthologies.

He has performed at various conventions and the rock festival Hultsfredsfestivalen. Nwadike as also been featured in the national radio program "Vid dagens slut".

Hausa language
Hausa (/ˈhaʊsə/; in Hausa: Harshen/Halshen Hausa listenⓘ /hawˈsa/; Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا‎) is a Chadic language spoken primarily by the Hausa people in Niger (where it is the sole official language, having replaced French in 2025) and in the northern parts of Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon, Benin and Togo and the southern parts of Chad. It is also spoken by a significant minority in Ivory Coast and a small number of speakers in Sudan.

Hausa is a member of the Afroasiatic language family and is the most widely spoken language within the Chadic branch of that family. Hausa is tonal, using relative pitch both to distinguish words, and mark grammatical categories. Ethnologue estimated that it was spoken as a first language by some 58 million people and as a second language by another 36 million, bringing the total number of Hausa speakers to an estimated 94 million.

In Nigeria, the Hausa film industry is known as Kannywood.
James L. Snyder
James Lucion Snyder (born July 21, 1951) is an American writer. He is a minister with the Christian and Missionary Alliance and an author and humorist whose writings have appeared in more than eighty periodicals including Guideposts. Snyder's first book, his 1991 biography of A.W. Tozer, In Pursuit of God: The Life of A. W. Tozer, won the Reader's Choice Award in 1992 from Christianity Today. Snyder has written 25 books.

Through fifty years of ministry, he and his wife Martha have been involved in three church planting projects prior to their current ministry at the Family of God Fellowship in Ocala, Florida. The Snyders have three children.

Guideposts
Guideposts is a spiritual non-profit organization publishing inspirational magazines, books and online material. Founded in 1945 by Norman Vincent Peale, Raymond Thornburg, and Peale's wife, Ruth Stafford Peale with just one inaugural magazine, Guideposts has since grown to publish annual devotionals, books about faith, Christian novels, periodicals and a website.

The Guideposts organization is currently headquartered in Danbury, Connecticut, with additional offices in New York City.
Lett's Brewery
Lett's Brewery (officially Mill Park Brewery) was a beer manufacturer based in Enniscorthy, County Wexford, Ireland. It opened in 1864.

Owned by G.H. Lett & Co., Ltd. which still remains a wholesale beverage distributor in Ireland, the brewery halted beer production in 1956. It was the last small independent brewery in Ireland. However, since 1981 Lett's allowed its famous Enniscorthy Ruby Ale to be brewed under license by Coors of Colorado, United States. It is now marketed as Killian's Irish Red.  When first introduced by Coors, it was labeled as an "ale".  After a year or two, it was re-branded (and by some accounts, reformulated)  as a "lager".

In France, a similar beer was marketed beginning in the 1960s by Pelforth as George Killian's Biere Rousse.

Coors Brewing Company
The Coors Brewing Company is an American brewery and beer company based in Golden, Colorado. Founded in 1873 by Adolph Coors and Jacob Schueler, it is a subsidiary of Molson Coors. The first Coors brewery in Golden is the largest single site brewery operating in the world.
2013 International GT Open
The 2013 International GT Open season was the eighth season of the International GT Open, the grand tourer-style sports car racing founded in 2006 by the Spanish GT Sport Organización. It began on 27 April at Le Castellet and finished on 10 November, at Barcelona after eight double-header meetings.

The season was won by Scuderia Villorba Corse driver Andrea Montermini, who raced on the Ferrari F458 GT Italia. He also won the Super GT standings. Giorgio Pantano, who raced behind the wheel of Bhai Tech Racing's McLaren MP4-12C GT3 won the GTS class.

Circuit Paul Ricard
The Circuit Paul Ricard (French pronunciation: [siʁkɥi pɔl ʁikaʁ]) is a French motorsport race track built in 1969 at Le Castellet, Var, near Marseille, with finance from pastis magnate Paul Ricard. Ricard wanted to experience the challenge of building a racetrack. The circuit has hosted the FIA Formula One French Grand Prix intermittently from 1971 to 2022.
New York State Athletic Commission World Heavyweight Championship
The NYSAC World Heavyweight Championship was a professional wrestling world heavyweight championship owned and promoted by the New York State Athletic Commission. The title existed from 1929 through 1934.

Professional wrestling championship
In professional wrestling, a championship or title is a recognition promoted by professional wrestling organizations. Championship reigns are determined by professional wrestling matches, in which competitors are involved in predetermined rivalries; these narratives create feuds between the various competitors, which usually cast them as either faces (heroes), heels (villains), or more rarely tweeners (morally ambiguous). The bookers in a company, who decide the winners and where the storyline goes, will place the title on the most accomplished performer or the one they believe will generate fan interest in terms of event attendance and television viewership.
Harry Tindall
Harry Lee Tindall (born May 5, 1942 in Corpus Christi, Texas) is a founding shareholder of Tindall & England, P.C. in Houston, Texas. The firm is ranked as a top tier firm by both Martindale Hubbell and U.S. News & World Report.

Martindale-Hubbell
Martindale-Hubbell is an American information services company to the legal profession that was founded in 1868. The company publishes the Martindale-Hubbell Law Directory, which provides background information on lawyers and law firms in the United States and other countries. It also published the Martindale Hubbell Law Digest, a summary of laws around the world. Martindale-Hubbell is owned by consumer website company Internet Brands.
Swaershoek Pass
32°20′48.5″S 25°27′40.″E﻿ / ﻿32.346806°S 25.46111°E﻿ / -32.346806; 25.46111
Swaershoek Pass (literally: Brother-in-law's Corner Pass) is a gravel road in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa, on the regional road R337, between Cradock, Eastern Cape and Pearston.

The gravel pass reaches an altitude of 1981 metres above sea level with maximum gradient of 1:12.

Nxuba
Nxuba, formerly Cradock, is a town in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, in the upper valley of the Great Fish River, 250 kilometres (160 mi) by road northeast of Gqeberha. The town is the administrative seat of the Inxuba Yethemba Local Municipality in the Chris Hani District of the Eastern Cape.

The town is originally named after John Cradock, governor of the Cape Colony in early 19th century and commander of the forces.
Arthur Matthew Weld Downing
Arthur Matthew Weld Downing FRAS (13 April 1850 – 8 December 1917) was an Anglo-Irish mathematician and astronomer. Downing's major contribution to astronomy is in the calculation of the positions and movements of astronomical bodies, as well as being a founder of the British Astronomical Association.

Astronomical object
An astronomical object, celestial object, stellar object or heavenly object is a naturally occurring physical entity, association, or structure that exists within the universe. In astronomy, the terms object and body are often used interchangeably. However, an astronomical body, celestial body or heavenly body is a single, tightly bound, contiguous physical object, while an astronomical or celestial object admits a more complex, less cohesively bound structure, which may consist of multiple bodies or even other objects with substructures.

Examples of astronomical objects include planetary systems, star clusters, nebulae, and galaxies, while asteroids, moons, planets, and stars are astronomical bodies. A comet may be identified as both a body and an object: It is a body when referring to the frozen nucleus of ice and dust, and an object when describing the entire comet with its diffuse coma and tail.
Der Weg ins Freie
Der Weg ins Freie (translated as "The Way into the Open" and most often "The Road into the Open") was published by Arthur Schnitzler in 1908 and is one of only two novels (the other being Therese) by this Viennese author (1862-1931) better known for his short stories and plays. This novel was first translated into English in 1913 by Horace Barnett Samuel (1883-1950).

Wiener Moderne
The Wiener Moderne (Austrian German pronunciation: [ˈviːnɐ mɔˈdɛrnɛ]) or Viennese Modernism is a term describing the culture of Vienna in the period between approximately 1890 and 1910. It refers especially to the development of modernism in the Austrian capital and its effect on the spheres of philosophy, literature, music, art, design and architecture.
Kullu Valley
Kullu Valley is a broad open valley in Himachal Pradesh, India, formed by the Beas River between Manali and Larji. This valley is famous for its temples, beauty and its majestic hills covered with pine and deodar forests and sprawling apple orchards. Kullu valley is sandwiched between the Pir Panjal, Lower Himalayan and Great Himalayan Ranges. Ski touring is a sport growing in popularity on the Himilayan peaks surrounding the valley.

Beas River
The Beas River is a river in northwestern India, flowing through the states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab, and is the smallest of the five major rivers of the Punjab region. Rising in the Himalayas in central Himachal Pradesh, the river flows for approximately 470 kilometres (290 mi) into the Sutlej River in Punjab. Its total length is  470 kilometres (290 mi) and its drainage basin is 20,303 square kilometres (7,839 sq mi) large.

As of 2017, the river is home to a tiny isolated population of the Indus dolphin.
Market Square, Geelong
Market Square was a town square located in the centre of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Consisting of eight acres (3.2 hectares) of land, the area was reserved by Governor Sir George Gipps as a town square during the initial surveying of Geelong. The area later became a produce market, before being progressively built upon. Today the Market Square Shopping Centre occupies the site, having been opened in 1985 by the City of Geelong.

George Gipps
Sir George Gipps (23 December 1790 – 28 February 1847) was the Governor of the British Colony of New South Wales for eight years, between 1838 and 1846. His governorship oversaw a tumultuous period when the rights to land were bitterly contested in a three way struggle between the colonial government, Aboriginal people and wealthy graziers known as squatters. The management of other major issues such as the end of convict transportation, large immigration programs and the introduction of majority elected representation also featured strongly during his tenure. Gipps is regarded as having brought a high moral and intellectual standard to the position of governor, but was ultimately defeated in his aims by the increasing power and avarice of the squatters.
Still Not Quite Human
Still Not Quite Human (also known as Not Quite Human III) is a 1992 American science fiction comedy television film written and directed by Eric Luke and starring Jay Underwood and Alan Thicke. It is the third and final film in a series based on the Not Quite Human novels by Seth McEvoy. The story, which has a darker tone than the previous films, features the human-looking android, Chip, embarking on a mission to rescue his father, who has been kidnapped by a ruthless tycoon to acquire his knowledge of android technology. Robyn Lively does not reprise her role as Becky, but is mentioned briefly.

Rosa Langschwadt Nevin
Rosa Langschwadt Nevin (born June 14, 1962 in Cuba) is an American actress, who was best known for playing the character of Cecily Davidson on the soap opera All My Children. She first appeared on the soap in 1986 and departed on January 11, 1990, only to return in 1994 for another stint, this one lasting two more years.

Langschwadt Nevin was born in Cuba to a Spanish mother and German father and grew up in Spain, New York and Miami. She became interested in a career in entertainment while singing in her high school chorus. She attended the University of Miami where she received a bachelor's degree in fine arts. Afterwards, she began acting in several Florida-based theaters including Coconut Grove Playhouse. She has appeared in six music videos for bands such as Oingo Boingo.

In the late 1980s, she married actor Gerald Nevin.
Miss Universe Indonesia 2023
Miss Universe Indonesia 2023 was the 1st Miss Universe Indonesia pageant, held at the Beach City International Stadium in Jakarta, Indonesia, on 3 August 2023.

Fabiënne Nicole Groeneveld of Jakarta SCR was crowned at the end of the event. She represented Indonesia at the Miss Universe 2023 pageant in El Salvador.

Poppy Capella
Datin Wira Poppy Capella Swastika (born October 22, 1991) (née Tan), often styled as Madame Poppy Capella, is an Indonesian former pageant director, singer, actress, and businesswoman. She grew up in Singapore and moved back to Indonesia, where she became a singer and actress. Capella was formerly the national director of Miss Universe Indonesia and Miss Universe Malaysia beauty pageants under PT. Capella Swastika Karya organization, where she also served as chairman.
Galium leptogonium
Galium leptogonium is a plant species in the family Rubiaceae. Common name is rock bedstraw. It is found only in Australia but widespread there, found in every state except Tasmania.

Galium leptogonium  is very similar to G. migrans. Many herbarium specimens of G. leptogonium were formerly labeled as G. migrans. Galium leptogonium  is an herb with thin, angled stems and lanceolate leaves in whorls of 4. Leaves and stems are usually covered with hairs but not always. Flowers are creamy white or very pale green. Fruiting capsules are roundish, dull and smooth.

Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae (/ruːbiˈeɪsiːˌiː, -siˌaɪ/) is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 14,200 species in about 615 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family by number of species. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics. Economically important genera include  Coffea, the source of coffee; Cinchona, the source of the antimalarial alkaloid quinine; ornamental cultivars (e.g., Gardenia, Ixora, Pentas); and historically some dye plants (e.g., Rubia).
St Mary the Virgin, Wanstead
St Mary the Virgin, Wanstead is a Church of England church in Wanstead, east London. It is located on Overton Drive and now shares its parish with Christ Church, Wanstead. It is the only Grade I listed building in the London Borough of Redbridge.

The parish is first recorded in 1208, but its medieval church was replaced 70 foot to the north by the present building between 1787 and 1790, on a plot donated from his estate by James Tylney-Long. It was designed by architect Thomas Hardwick. Its foundation stone was laid on 13 July 1787, followed by a reception at Wanstead House, and it was completed on 24 June 1790, with a consecration ceremony led by Beilby Porteus, bishop of London. After the new church was completed, its medieval predecessor was demolished, though the latter's large monument to Josiah Child was moved to the new church.

The sculptor Joseph Wilton and the Royal Navy Vice-Admiral Robert Plampin are buried in the churchyard.

Josiah Child
Sir Josiah Child, 1st Baronet, MP (c. 1630/31 – 22 June 1699) was an English economist, merchant and politician. He was an economist proponent of mercantilism and governor of the East India Company. He led the company in the Anglo-Mughal War.
Surrounded (Richard Buckner album)
Surrounded is a studio album by singer-songwriter Richard Buckner. It was released in September 2013 under Merge Records. The album incorporates electronic textures into Buckner's moody folk rock, creating a sound AllMusic's Fred Thomas described as "ambient Americana."

Merge Records
Merge Records is an independent record label based in Durham, North Carolina. It was founded in 1989 by Laura Ballance and Mac McCaughan. It began as an outlet for music from their band Superchunk and music created by friends, and has expanded to include artists from around the world, with records reaching the top of the Billboard music charts.
Calligraphy in Azerbaijani culture
Calligraphy in Azerbaijani culture (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan mədəniyyətində xəttatlıq; South Azerbaijani: آذربایجان مدنیتنده خطاطلق) is the role played by calligraphy in Azerbaijani literature and visual arts. In the Middle Ages, various examples of calligraphy were used in the writing of Azerbaijani manuscripts (naskh, nastaliq, taliq, shikaste, suls, reyhani, divani, ruga, muhaqqiq, tougi), and scientific works were written in the naskh line. In the 19th century, the works "Inshai-Mirza Kazim", "Majmaul-khosh Khatih" by Abdulqani Khalisagarizade Nukhavi and "Khatti-taliq va nastalig" by Abdussalam Akhundzadeh were written. Although calligraphy declined in Azerbaijan during the Soviet era, it is still used in modern times.

Rayhani script
Reyhan or Rayḥānī (Arabic: ریحان) is one of the six canonical scripts of Perso-Arabic calligraphy. The word Reyhan means basil in Arabic and Persian. Reyhan is considered a finer variant of Muhaqqaq script, likened to flowers and leaves of basil.

Rayḥānī was developed during the Abbasid era by Ibn al-Bawwab. Academic studies of Rayhani have included analytical study of the technical characteristics of Yaqut al-Musta’simi's method.
TL Ultralight TL-32 Typhoon
The TL Ultralight TL-32 Typhoon is a wing and boom, high wing ultralight with its engine mounted above and ahead of the wing, seating two in side-by-side configuration.  It was designed and built in the Czech Republic in the 1990s.

Bracing (aeronautics)
In aeronautics, bracing comprises structural members which stiffen the functional airframe to give it rigidity and strength under load. Bracing may be applied both internally and externally, and may take the form of struts, which act in compression or tension as the need arises, and/or wires, which act only in tension.

In general, bracing allows a stronger, lighter structure than one which is unbraced, but external bracing adds drag which slows down the aircraft and raises considerably more design issues than internal bracing. Another disadvantage of bracing wires is that they require routine checking and adjustment, or rigging, even when located internally.

During the early years of aviation, bracing was a universal feature of aeroplanes, including monoplanes and biplanes, which were then equally common. Bracing in the form of lift struts remains in use for some light commercial designs where a high wing and light weight are more important than ultimate performance.
Puževci
Puževci (pronounced [ˈpuːʒɛu̯tsi]; in older sources also Pužovci, Hungarian: Pálmafa) is a small village in the Municipality of Puconci in the Prekmurje region of Slovenia.

There is a small neogothic chapel by the village cemetery. It was built in 1890 and has a three-story belfry.

Prekmurje
Littoral

Carniola: 2a Upper, 2b Inner, 2c Lower

Carinthia

Styria

Prekmurje

Prekmurje (Slovene pronunciation: [pɾɛkˈmúːɾjɛ] also [ˈpɾeːkmuɾjɛ] ⓘ; Prekmurje Slovene: Prèkmürsko or Prèkmüre; Hungarian: Muravidék) is a geographically, linguistically, culturally, and ethnically defined region of Slovenia, settled by Slovenes and a Hungarian minority, lying between the Mur River in Slovenia and the Rába Valley (the watershed of the Rába; Slovene: Porabje) in the westernmost part of Hungary. It covers an area of 938 square kilometers (362 sq mi) and has a population of 78,000 people. Its largest town and urban center is Murska Sobota, the other urban center being Lendava.
Octave illusion
The octave illusion is an auditory illusion discovered by Diana Deutsch in 1973. It is produced when two tones that are an octave apart are repeatedly played in alternation ("high-low-high-low") through stereo headphones. The same sequence is played to both ears simultaneously; however, when the right ear receives the high tone, the left ear receives the low tone, and conversely.  Instead of hearing two alternating pitches, most subjects instead hear a single tone that alternates between ears while at the same time its pitch alternates between high and low.

Stereophonic sound
Stereophonic sound, commonly shortened to stereo, is a method of sound reproduction that recreates a multi-directional, 3-dimensional audible perspective. This is usually achieved by using two independent audio channels through a configuration of two loudspeakers (or stereo headphones) in such a way as to create the impression of sound heard from various directions, as in natural hearing.

Because the multi-dimensional perspective is the crucial aspect, the term stereophonic also applies to systems with more than two channels or speakers, such as quadraphonic and surround sound. Binaural sound systems are also stereophonic.

Stereo sound has been in common use since the 1970s in entertainment media such as broadcast radio, recorded music, television, video cameras, cinema, computer audio, and the Internet.