hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Theron S. Copeland
Theron S. Copeland (July 30, 1831 – July 8, 1905) was an American law enforcement officer and police captain with the New York City Police Department. He studied military tactics at a military academy and in the National Guard before joining the police force in 1855. Much of his career was spent as a drillmaster and, during the New York Draft Riots in 1863, he was part of the force under Inspector Daniel C. Carpenter who confronted a mob intending to loot the New York financial district and the United States sub-treasury. Copeland was later named in a general address to the police force for displaying "valor and intelligent service" during the riots.

In January 1903, he retired at the rank of captain after 41 years of service. He died at Barlow Street on July 8, 1905. Survived by his wife and eleven children, his funeral was held at their home and was buried at Greenwood Cemetery.

New York State Division of Military and Naval Affairs
The New York State Division of Military and Naval Affairs (NYS DMNA) is responsible for the state's New York Army National Guard, New York Air National Guard, New York Guard and the New York Naval Militia. It is headed by Adjutant General of New York Major General Raymond F. Shields Jr., appointed on October 1, 2018. with the Governor of New York Kathy Hochul serving as Commander in Chief of the state's militia forces. It is part of the New York State Executive Department.

All of the armories in New York State are run directly or indirectly by the Division of Military and Naval Affairs.
The DMNA headquarters, located in Latham, New York near Albany, is within 8 miles of both the Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory and the General Electric Research and Development facility in Niskayuna, New York.
Anthypolochagos
Anthypolochagos (Greek: Ανθυπολοχαγός, abbreviated Ανθλγός (Anthglos), equivalent to the NATO (OF-1), is the lowest commissioned officer rank in the Hellenic Army, except for the Armour-Cavalry Arm, and formerly, the Cavalry, in which it is called Anthypilarchos (Greek: Ανθυπίλαρχος, romanized: Anthypilarchos, abbrev. Ανθλχος (Anthlchos).

The equivalent rank is Simaiophoros (Ensign) in the Hellenic Navy,  Anthyposminagos (Pilot Officer) in the Hellenic Air Force,  and Ipastynomos (Inspector) in the Hellenic Police. The rank of anthypolochagos is also used in the Cypriot National Guard.

Sub-lieutenant
Sub-lieutenant is usually a junior officer rank, used in armies, navies and air forces.

In most armies, sub-lieutenant is the lowest commissioned officer rank. However, in Brazil, it is the highest non-commissioned rank, and in Spain, it is the second highest non-commissioned rank.

As a naval rank, a sub-lieutenant ranks below a lieutenant.
Rutherford High School (New Jersey)
Rutherford High School is a comprehensive four-year public high school located in Rutherford, in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as part of the Rutherford School District. The original structure was built in 1922 and expanded in 1938, 1957 and 2005. Rutherford High School is overseen by the New Jersey Department of Education and has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools since 1940.

As of the 2024–25 school year, the school had an enrollment of 727 students and 68.8 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.6:1. There were 21 students (2.9% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 8 (1.1% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Secondary education in the United States
Secondary education is the last six or seven years of statutory formal education in the United States. It reaches the climax with twelfth grade (age 17–18). Whether it begins with sixth grade (age 11–12) or seventh grade (age 12–13) varies by state and sometimes by school district.

Secondary education in the United States occurs in two phases. The first, as classified by the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), is the lower secondary phase, either called a middle school or junior high school. A middle school is for students sixth grade, seventh grade and eighth grade and a junior high school is only for students in seventh and eighth grade.

The second is the ISCED upper secondary phase, a high school or senior high school for students ninth grade through twelfth grade. There is some debate over the optimum age of transfer, and variation in some states; also, middle school often includes grades that are almost always considered primary school.
Grassquit
Grassquits are small tropical birds currently placed in the tanager family, Thraupidae, although they had earlier been thought to be of the family Emberizidae.  They are common in the West Indies and in Central and South American countries around the Caribbean Sea.

Cuban grassquit (Phonipara canora)

Sooty grassquit (Asemospiza fuliginosa)

Dull-coloured grassquit (Asemospiza obscura)

Yellow-faced grassquit (Tiaris olivaceus)

Black-faced grassquit (Melanospiza bicolor)

Yellow-shouldered grassquit (Loxipasser anoxanthus)

Blue-black grassquit (Volatinia jacarina)

Black-faced grassquit
The black-faced grassquit (Melanospiza bicolor) is a small bird. It is recognized as a tanager closely related to Darwin's finches. It breeds in the West Indies except Cuba, on Tobago but not Trinidad, and along the northern coasts of Colombia and Venezuela.
Lavedan
The Lavedan (French pronunciation: [lavdɑ̃]; in Gascon eth/lo Lavedan, /et/lu laβedã/), or occasionally vallées des Gaves, denotes a mountainous natural region of France, located at the heart of the Pyrénées, and forms a group of valleys upstream of Lourdes.

The Lavedan is historically part of the Gascony province and of the county of Bigorre. Today, it is situated in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in the Occitanie region.

Hautes-Pyrénées
Hautes-Pyrénées (French pronunciation: [ot piʁene] ⓘ; Gascon/Occitan: Nauts Pirenèus / Hauts Pirenèus ['awts piɾeˈnɛʊs]; Spanish: Altos Pirineos; Catalan: Alts Pirineus ['alts piɾiˈneʊs]; ) is a department in the region of Occitania, southwestern France. The department is bordered by Pyrénées-Atlantiques to the west, Gers to the north, Haute-Garonne to the east, as well by the Spanish province of Huesca in the autonomous community of Aragon to the south. In 2019, its population was 229,567; its prefecture is Tarbes. It is named after the Pyrenees mountain range.
Denny Mountain
Denny Mountain is summit near Snoqualmie Pass in Washington state. The Alpental ski area is located on the mountain's eastern flank.

The mountain is named after Arthur A. Denny of the Denny Party, who oversaw the construction of the Snoqualmie Pass Road, which later became I-90, and which runs along the mountain's southern base.

Arthur A. Denny
Arthur Armstrong Denny (June 20, 1822 – January 9, 1899) was an American politician and businessman who is regarded as one of the founders of Seattle, Washington. He founded the Denny Party, and was later the city's wealthiest citizen. He was a 9-term member of the territorial legislature. Seattle's former Denny Hill was named after him; it was flattened in a series of regrading projects and its former site is now known as the Denny Regrade. The city's Denny Way, however, is named not after Arthur Denny, but after his younger brother David Denny.
Agalychnis taylori
Agalychnis taylori, commonly known as the red-eyed tree frog or Taylor's leaf frog, is a species of frog in the subfamily Phyllomedusinae. It was originally described as a subspecies of Agalychnis callidryas in 1957. In 1967 it was synonymized with Agalychnis callidryas by Savage and Heyer. In 2019, it was resurrected and elevated to a full species based on well-supported morphological data. The range of Agalychnis taylori extends from central Veracruz, Mexico, to west-central Honduras.

Phyllomedusinae
Phyllomedusinae is a subfamily of hylid tree frogs found in the Neotropics commonly called leaf frogs. Formerly, they were often considered as their own family, Phyllomedusidae.

The subfamily is considered to be the sister group to the Australian treefrogs (Pelodryadinae), a subfamily of frogs known from Australia and New Guinea, despite being very geographically separated from them. The common ancestor of both subfamilies is thought to have lived in early Cenozoic South America, where the Phyllomedusinae still live, with the two families diverging from one another during the Eocene. The ancestors of Pelodryadinae likely colonized Australasia from South America via Antarctica, which at the time was not yet frozen over. The clade comprising both subfamilies is sister to the Hylinae, from which they diverged in the early Paleogene.
Sun Bin's Art of War
Sun Bin's Art of War is a Chinese treatise on military strategy that dates back to the Warring States period, an era of political instability and warfare in ancient China. It is credited to Sun Bin, who was believed to be a descendant of the famous military strategist Sun Tzu. Sun Bin served as a military advisor in the Qi state during this period and is said to have authored this piece on military tactics.

Historical records from the Han dynasty suggest that the original text of Sun Bin's Art of War comprised 89 chapters, accompanied by four volumes of illustrations. Unfortunately, the original work was lost by the end of the Eastern Han dynasty.

While Sun Bin's Art of War and Sun Tzu's The Art of War share a similar name, they are distinct works by different authors.

Military tactics
Military tactics encompasses the art of organizing and employing fighting forces on or near the battlefield. They involve the application of four battlefield functions which are closely related – kinetic or firepower, mobility, protection or security, and shock action. Tactics are a separate function from command and control and logistics. In contemporary military science, tactics are the lowest of three levels of warfighting, the higher levels being the strategic and operational levels. Throughout history, there has been a shifting balance between the four tactical functions, generally based on the application of military technology, which has led to one or more of the tactical functions being dominant for a period of time, usually accompanied by the dominance of an associated fighting arm deployed on the battlefield, such as infantry, artillery, cavalry or tanks.
2001–02 Estonian Cup
The 2001–02 Estonian Cup (Estonian: Eesti Karikas) was the 12th season of the Estonian football knockout tournament. Winners of the cup qualified for the 2002–03 UEFA Cup qualifying round. The defending champion, Narva Trans, was knocked out in the semi-final against later cup winners Levadia Tallinn.

The competition culminated with the final held at Lilleküla Stadium, Tallinn on 31 May 2002 with Levadia Tallinn taking the title 2–0.

All in all, 19 teams took part of the competition.

Lilleküla Stadium
The Lilleküla Stadium, known as A. Le Coq Arena for sponsorship reasons, is a football stadium in Tallinn, Estonia. It is the home ground of football clubs Flora and Levadia, and the Estonia national football team. With a capacity of 14,336, it is the largest stadium in Estonia.

Opened in 2001 and expanded in 2018, Lilleküla Stadium has hosted the 2018 UEFA Super Cup and the 2012 UEFA European U-19 Championship.
Nahari, Madhubani
Nahari is a village in the Khutauna block in the Madhubani district of Bihar in India. There are six villages under Nahari panchayat and they include Bela, Donwari, Sihula, Purvitola, Badi Uthba and Choti Udhba. Nahari is located 6 km from Khutauna, near the Nepalese Border. It belongs to the Darbhanga division. The middle schools and the high schools in the village make an education available to local children. There are also many private English schools. Durga Puja is celebrated in Nahari Chowka and is the biggest festival of the year. Muharram is also famous and is celebrated in Nahari Panchayat. There are many castes in the village such as: Kushwaha, Paswan, Salhaita, Jha, Thakur, and Muslim.

Madhubani district
Madhubani district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar, India, and is a part of Darbhanga division. Its administrative headquarters are located in Madhubani. The district has an area of 3,501 square kilometres (1,352 sq mi) and has a population of 4,487,379 (as of 2011).

Madhubani is the largest fish-producing district of Bihar in 2022.
Bhandup Assembly constituency
Bhandup Vidhan Sabha seat was one of the seats in Maharashtra Legislative Assembly in India. It was made defunct after the constituency map of India was redrawn in 2008. Now there is a new constituency named Bhandup West which is a segment of Mumbai North East Lok Sabha seat.

Bhandup
Bhandup (Pronunciation: [bʱaːɳɖup]) (listenⓘ) is a suburban locality in Mumbai, in the state of Maharashtra, India. The name Bhandup is derived from Bhandupeshwar, one of the names of the Hindu god Shiva. An old temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, the Bhandupeshwar Mahadev Mandir, is located in Bhandup (west) near Moti Bai Wadi IDUBS high school. Sonapur signal is north lead line on L.B.S. Marg and south is dockyard colony. Bhandup railway station is on the Central line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway network. A few fast trains stop at Bhandup station, mostly during the peak hours.
Filgrave
Filgrave is a hamlet in the unitary authority area of the City of Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England.
 It is about 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Newport Pagnell and 6 miles (9.7 km) north-east of Central Milton Keynes.

The hamlet name is an Old English language word, and means 'Fygla's grove'.  In manorial rolls of 1241 it was listed as Filegrave.

Newport Pagnell
Newport Pagnell is a town and civil parish in the City of Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England. The Office for National Statistics records Newport Pagnell as part of the Milton Keynes urban area.

The town is separated from the rest of the urban area by the M1 motorway, on which Newport Pagnell Services, the second service station to be opened in the United Kingdom, is located.

The town is more widely known for having the only remaining vellum manufacturer in the United Kingdom, and being the original home of the exclusive sports car manufacturer Aston Martin.
MIPT
MIPT can refer to:

Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology

National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism

MiPT, N-Methyl-N-isopropyltryptamine

Male Iron Pipe Thread, see Gender of connectors and fasteners

Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT; Russian: Московский физико-технический институт, also known as PhysTech), is a public research university located in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It prepares specialists in theoretical and applied physics, applied mathematics and related disciplines.

The main MIPT campus is located in Dolgoprudny, a northern suburb of Moscow. However the Aeromechanics Department is based in Zhukovsky, a suburb south-east of Moscow.

As Phystech's founder, Pyotr Kapitsa, designed the institute inspired by and in accordance with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology model, Phystech is commonly hailed as the "MIT of Russia" and is considered to be the leading specialized technical institution of higher education in the former Soviet Union.

The rector Dmitry Livanov and Nikolay Kudryavtsev, the president of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, both have signed a letter of support for the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Grzybnica, Koszalin County
Grzybnica [ɡʐɨbˈnit͡sa] (German: Alt Griebnitz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Manowo, within Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 15 km (9 mi) south-east of Manowo, 23 km (14 mi) south-east of Koszalin, and 142 km (88 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 190.

An archaeological site, located about 2.5 km (2 mi) north of the village, consists of stone circles, barrow burials, and stone pavements. It belongs to the Wielbark culture related to the presence of Goths in Pomerania and is dated to I–III centuries CE.

Koszalin County
Koszalin County (Polish: powiat koszaliński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland, on the Baltic coast. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Koszalin, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains three towns: Sianów, 10 km (6 mi) north-east of Koszalin, Bobolice, 37 km (23 mi) south-east of Koszalin, and Polanów, 35 km (22 mi) east of Koszalin.

The county covers an area of 1,669.09 square kilometres (644.4 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 64,087, out of which the population of Sianów is 6,543, that of Bobolice is 4,446, that of Polanów is 2,967, and the rural population is 50,131.
Christine Peng-Peng Lee
Christine Jennifer Peng-Peng Lee (born June 27, 1993), also known as Peng Peng, is a retired Canadian artistic gymnast, actress, and singer. She was a member of the Canadian team that qualified for the 2012 Summer Olympics, though a knee injury prevented her from competing in the Games. She attended UCLA and led the gymnastics team to the 2018 NCAA National Championship. Lee prefers to use her Chinese name Peng Peng when doing gymnastics, saying it makes her feel like "someone completely different."

Pacific Rim Championships
The Pacific Rim Championships is a major regional biennial gymnastics competition. It is open to teams from member nations of the Pacific Alliance of National Gymnastics Federations, namely Australia, Canada, Chile, China, Chinese Taipei, Colombia, Costa Rica, 
El Salvador, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan,Macau, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand and the United States. Before 2008, the event was known as the Pacific Alliance Championships.
Falling Uphill
Falling Uphill is the studio debut album by Canadian all-female pop rock band Lillix. It was released by Maverick Records on May 27, 2003.

The album includes a cover version of The Romantics' song "What I Like About You". This song also notably appeared on the Freaky Friday soundtrack, as well as in The WB comedy series What I Like About You. The single releases are "It's About Time", "What I Like About You", and "Tomorrow". "It's About Time" peaked at #17 on the Japan Top 20 chart, number 5 on TRL, and number 33 on the Billboard US Mainstream Top 40 Airplay. In 2007, Nielsen certified the song as receiving 50,000 spins. "What I Like About You" failed to chart. "Tomorrow" reached number 48 on R&R magazine's Pop Airplay chart. The song "Fork in the Road" was also included on volume 2 of Barbie's Cali Girl CD.

The Romantics
The Romantics are an American rock band formed in 1977 in Detroit, Michigan. The band's music is often categorized as power pop and new wave. They were influenced by 1950s American rock and roll, Detroit's MC5, the Stooges, early Bob Seger, Motown R&B, 1960s North American garage rock as well as the British Invasion rockers.

The Romantics achieved substantial popularity in the United States, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Canada, and Australia, with their two best-charting songs "What I Like About You", peaking at #49 in the US and #2 in Australia, and "Talking in Your Sleep", reaching #3 in the US, #1 in Canada, and #14 in Australia. The two songs have become mainstays on 1980s-focused, classic rock, and active rock radio stations.
Henk Leenders
Henk Leenders (born 28 January 1955) is a Dutch politician.

Leenders studied nursing at the Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital in Nijmegen between 1972 and 1976, he followed this up with a study of management at the HAN University of Applied Sciences between 1979 and 1981. He studied health sciences at Maastricht University between 1989 and 1992.

He was member of the municipal council of Breda 16 March 2006 and 11 March 2010. He was a member of the States of North Brabant between 10 March 2011 and 3 October 2014, where he served as party leader.

On 3 September 2013 he was installed as member of the Dutch House of Representatives as a temporary replacement for Yasemin Çegerek, who went on pregnancy leave. His temporary term lasted from 3 September until 11 December 2013.

He returned to the House of Representatives on 10 September 2014 when he succeeded Mariëtte Hamer who became chair of the Social-Economic Council. His term in the House ended on 23 March 2017.

Provincial Council of North Brabant
The Provincial Council of North Brabant (Dutch: Provinciale Staten van Noord-Brabant), also known as the States of North Brabant, is the provincial council of North Brabant, Netherlands. It forms the legislative body of the province. Its 55 seats are distributed every four years in provincial elections.
Socialist Workers Party of Hungary
The Socialist Workers Party of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarországi Szocialista Munkáspárt, MSZMP) was a political party in Hungary. The party was founded by social democrats and communists in 1925, and led by István Vági. Unlike the established Hungarian Social Democratic Party, the Socialist Workers Party sought to mobilize mass movements and agrarian struggles.

Imre Nagy, the future prime minister and leader of the 1956 Revolution, was involved in organizing the underground MSZMP chapter in his home town of Kaposvár. The Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party he helped establish during the Revolution was similarly named.

The regime of Miklós Horthy cracked down on the party in 1928. Its leaders, such as Vági and Mátyás Rákosi were arrested and sentenced to one year in prison. The prominent leaders of the party Sándor Fürst and Imré Sallai were executed in 1932 on false charges.

Kaposvár
Kaposvár (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈkɒpoʃvaːr]; also known by alternative names) is a city with county rights in southwestern Hungary, south of Lake Balaton. It is one of the leading cities of Transdanubia, the capital of Somogy County, and the seat of the Kaposvár District and the Diocese of Kaposvár.
Kolhapur district
Kolhapur district (Marathi pronunciation: [kolʱaːpuɾ]) is a district in the Maharashtra state of India. The city of Kolhapur is its district headquarter. It is situated near Panchaganga river.

It is bordered by the Sangli district to the north, by Ratnagiri district, Sindhudurg to the west and by Karnataka state to the east.

Kolhapur was a princely state during British rule in India. Shahu Maharaj ruled the state from 1894 to 1922 and worked toward its social and educational development. Kolhapur was a major hub of the Marathi film industry and was known as Chitranagari. It is now known as Bhalji Pendharkar Chitranagari.

Panchganga River
The Panchganga River is one of the important rivers of India located in Maharashtra. In English, the name translates as "Five Rivers". It is a major tributary of Krishna River, which it flows into at Narsobawadi.
Neal Steinhauer
Neal Steinhauer (August 18, 1944 – September 7, 2020) was an American track and field athlete. He won a silver medal in the shot put at the 1967 Pan American Games, behind Randy Matson, and also won two medals at the 1967 Summer Universiade in Tokyo (gold in the shot put and bronze in the discus). A one-time American national champion (in 1969). Steinhauer set his personal best (21.01 m) on March 25, 1967, at a meet in Sacramento.  He was on the cover of the February 1969 issue of Track and Field News.

1967 Summer Universiade
The 1967 Summer Universiade, also known as the V Summer Universiade, was a multi-sport event for university athletes that took place in Tokyo, Japan.

Eastern Bloc countries including Soviet Union, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Poland, Cuba, Czechoslovakia and North Korea boycotted the Games due to the naming disputes about North Korea.