hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heth Wharton
Heth Wharton (April 18, 1892 – October 28, 1958) was an American architect. He grew up in Virginia, and he was a draughtsman for Hunt & Chambers. With architect Ralph A. Vaughn, he designed Chase Knolls Apartments in Sherman Oaks and Lincoln Place in Venice.

Wharton was involved in a legal dispute with film director John Cromwell and actress Kay Johnson when he tried to overcharge them for a house he designed for them in 1934; the couple won the lawsuit.

John Cromwell (director)
John Cromwell (born Elwood Dager; December 23, 1886 – September 26, 1979) was an American film and stage director and actor. His films spanned the early days of sound to film noir in the early 1950s, by which time his directing career was almost terminated by the Hollywood blacklist.
2nd Polish Corps (2023–present)
2nd Polish Corps, whose full official name is Command of the 2nd Polish Corps – Land Component Command "Lt. Gen. Władysław Anders" (Polish: Dowództwo 2 Korpusu Polskiego - Dowództwo Komponentu Lądowego im. gen. broni Władysława Andersa; D2KP-DKL) is a corps-level tactical unit of the Polish Armed Forces intended to carry out tasks related to planning the use and command of modern tactical units intended for high-intensity activities, assigned to land operations in a multi-domain environment during a crisis situation and war in the national and allied system. The framework of the Polish Corps will follow the example of the US Army Corps.

Alliance
An alliance is a relationship among people, groups, or states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether an explicit agreement has been worked out among them. Members of an alliance are called allies. Alliances form in many settings, including political alliances, military alliances, and business alliances.
Oxbo, Wisconsin
Oxbo is an unincorporated community in the town of Draper, Sawyer County, Wisconsin, United States. Oxbo is located on the Flambeau River and Wisconsin Highway 70, 13.5 miles (21.7 km) west-southwest of Park Falls.

Park Falls, Wisconsin
Park Falls is a city in Price County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 2,410 at the 2020 census, down from 2,462 at 2010. Located in the woods of north central Wisconsin, primarily the Chequamegon National Forest, Park Falls is a small community divided by the North Fork of the Flambeau River, a popular destination for fishing, canoeing and whitewater rafting.
IET Smart Cities
IET Smart Cities is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal on urban engineering and sciences, more specifically on all aspects of smart cities. It was established in 2019 and is published by Wiley on behalf of the Institution of Engineering and Technology. The editors-in-chief are  William Webb (Webb Consulting) and  Chai K. Toh (Gerson Lehrman Group and National Tsing Hua University).

Gerson Lehrman Group
GLG (Gerson Lehrman Group, Inc.) is a financial and global information services consulting company headquartered in New York City. The company provides financial information and advises investors and consultants with business clients seeking expert advice. It is the world's largest expert network, with over 1,000,000 freelance consultants. GLG's experts include asset managers, investors, consultants, physicians, scientists, engineers, lawyers, senior current and former c-level executives, and former government members. GLG's clients include strategy consulting corporations, hedge funds, private equity firms, professional service firms, and non-profit organizations.

The firm was founded in 1998 and has been backed by private equity firms Silver Lake Partners, Bessemer Venture Partners, and SFW Capital Partners. GLG is headquartered in New York City, with offices in 22 cities in 12 countries.
Kellerbier
Kellerbier (German: [ˈkɛlɐˌbiːɐ̯] ⓘ; lit. 'cellar beer') is a type of German beer, an unfiltered lager originating in Franconia.

Kellerbier contains more of its original brewing yeast, held in suspension. As a result, it is distinctly cloudy, and is described in German as naturtrüb (naturally cloudy).

Kellerbier is often served directly from the barrel in a beer garden, but may be bottled as well.

Beer garden
A beer garden (German: Biergarten) is an outdoor area in which beer and food are served, typically at shared tables shaded by trees.

Beer gardens originated in Bavaria, of which Munich is the capital city, in the 19th century, and remain common in Southern Germany. They are usually attached to a brewery, beer hall, pub, or restaurant.
Giants (series)
The Giants series (also known as the Minerva series) is a quintet of science fiction novels by James P. Hogan, published between 1977 and 2005. The series began with Inherit the Stars, published by Del Rey Books in May 1977.

Del Rey Books
Del Rey Books is an imprint of the Random House Group, a division of Penguin Random House.  The imprint was established in 1977 under the editorship of Judy-Lynn del Rey and her husband, author Lester del Rey.  Today, the imprint specializes in science fiction, fantasy, horror, and fantasy romance.

The first new novel published by Del Rey was The Sword of Shannara by Terry Brooks in 1977. Del Rey formerly published Star Wars novels under the Lucasbooks sub-imprint (licensed from Lucasfilm, a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Studios division of The Walt Disney Company) that are now published by its sister imprint, Random House Worlds.
Philippe Lefebvre (editor)
Philippe Lefebvre is a Canadian film editor from Quebec. He is most noted for his work on the film Scratches of Life: The Art of Pierre Hébert (Graver l'homme: arrêt sur Pierre Hébert), for which he received a Prix Iris nomination for Best Editing in a Documentary at the 26th Quebec Cinema Awards in 2024.

His other credits have included the films In the Jam Jar and Perséides.

Perséides (film)
Perséides is a Canadian short documentary film, directed by Laurence Lévesque and released in 2023. The film profiles Julie Châtelain, a young woman afflicted with a degenerative eye disease that will eventually leave her blind, as she undergoes medical treatment and learns how to come to terms with and adapt to her changing reality.

The film premiered at the 2023 Montreal International Documentary Festival.
Philosophical theory
A philosophical theory or philosophical position is a view that attempts to explain or account for a particular problem in philosophy. The use of the term "theory" is a statement of colloquial English and not a technical term. While any sort of thesis or opinion may be termed a position, in analytic philosophy it is thought best to reserve the word "theory" for systematic, comprehensive attempts to solve problems.

Point of view (philosophy)
In philosophy, a point of view is a specific attitude or manner through which a person thinks about something. This figurative usage of the expression dates back to 1730. 
In this meaning, the usage is synonymous with one of the meanings of the term perspective (also epistemic perspective).

The concept of the "point of view" is highly multifunctional and ambiguous. Many things may be judged from certain personal, traditional or moral points of view (as in "beauty is in the eye of the beholder"). Our knowledge about reality is often relative to a certain point of view.

Vázquez Campos and Manuel Liz Gutierrez suggested to analyse the concept of "point of view" using two approaches: one based on the concept of "propositional attitudes", the other on the concepts of "location" and "access".
Kiyokazu Chiba
Kiyokazu Chiba (千葉きよかず or 千葉潔和, Chiba Kiyokazu, born April 16, 1961 in Gotenba, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan) is a Japanese manga artist. In 1981 he was worked as an assistant to Motoka Murakami, and by 1988 he had won the Monthly Young Jump "Rookie of the Year" award. That same year in Shōnen Sunday, his debut serial Akai Pegasus II Sho, the sequel to his master, Motoka Murakami's 1970s Akai Pegasus series. At the beginning of his career he signed his name with kanji, and later changed it to hiragana.

Weekly Young Jump
Weekly Young Jump (Japanese: 週刊ヤングジャンプ, Hepburn: Shūkan Yangu Janpu) is a Japanese seinen manga magazine published by Shueisha. Launched in 1979, it is published under Shueisha's Jump line of magazines. The chapters of series that run in Weekly Young Jump are collected and published in tankōbon volumes under the "Young Jump Comics" imprint every four months. Many of the featured series are known to contain heavy violence and a fair amount of sexual content. The magazine is headquartered in Tokyo.
Ionad Chaluim Chille Ìle
Ionad Chaluim Chille Ìle ('The Islay Columba Centre') is a Gaelic medium college on the shores of Loch Indaal, on Islay, in Scotland. Named after Saint Columba (Scottish Gaelic: Calum Cille), it was founded in 2002 as part of the University of the Highlands and Islands, and is in a partnership with Sabhal Mòr Ostaig on Skye.

The Centre teaches Gaelic language, culture and heritage by offering Gaelic classes, short courses, and bachelor's degrees through its partnership with Sabhal Mòr Ostaig. The centre has a Gaelic library and raises money by renting out rooms.

It is not to be confused with the similarly named Arainn Chaluim Chille, one of the campuses of Sabhal Mòr Ostaig on Skye.

Loch Indaal
Loch Indaal (or Lochindaal) is a sea loch on Islay, the southernmost island of the Hebrides, off the west coast of Scotland.  Together with Loch Gruinart to the north, it was formed by the Loch Gruinart Fault, which branches off the Great Glen Fault.

Along the northwestern coast are the villages of Bruichladdich and Port Charlotte. Along its northeastern shore is the tiny village of Bridgend and on its southeastern shore is the island capital of Bowmore.

At night the lights of the villages along the three sides of the loch inspired the well-known folk song "The Lights of Lochindaal" by Iain Simpson.

South of Bowmore the entire coastline is a six-mile-long (ten-kilometre) sandy beach stretching to Kintra.  This beach, known as the Big Strand, is very popular with holidaymakers and locals alike in the summer.
2016 Scottish National Party depute leadership election
There was a Scottish National Party leadership election to choose the new Depute leader of the Scottish National Party at the SNP's conference on 14–15 October 2016. The SNP's Westminster Group Leader Angus Robertson MP won the election.

The election followed the resignation of the incumbent Depute Leader Stewart Hosie. Hosie, the partner of Scottish Government cabinet member Shona Robison, announced his intention to step down at the party conference in May 2016 after it emerged he was engaged in an affair with a freelance journalist, who had previously been involved in an affair with the SNP MP Angus MacNeil.

Stewart Hosie
Stewart Hosie (born 3 January 1963) is a Scottish National Party (SNP) politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Dundee East from 2005 to 2024. He served as the SNP Treasury Spokesperson from 2022 to 2023, and previously from 2015 to 2017. He served as the SNP Shadow Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and Shadow Minister for the Cabinet Office since 2021. He served as Deputy Leader of the SNP to Nicola Sturgeon from November 2014 to October 2016. He was also the SNP Deputy Westminster Leader and the SNP Treasury Spokesperson from May 2015, until he was succeeded in both positions by Kirsty Blackman in June 2017.
Kharagpur–Purulia Intercity Express
The Kharagpur–Purulia Intercity Express is an Intercity train belonging to South Eastern Railway zone that runs between Kharagpur Junction and Purulia Junction in India. It is currently being operated with 22875/22876 train numbers on tri-weekly basis.

South Eastern Railway zone
The South Eastern Railway (abbreviated SER) is one of the 19 railway zones in India. It is headquartered at Garden Reach, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It comprises Adra railway division, Chakradharpur railway division, Kharagpur railway division and Ranchi railway division.
Latvian football league system
The Latvian football league system, also known as the football pyramid, is a series of interconnected leagues for men's association football clubs in Latvia.  The system has a hierarchical format with promotion and relegation between leagues at different levels, allowing even the smallest club the theoretical possibility of ultimately rising to the very top of the system, the Latvian Higher League. Below that are levels 2–4 organised by the Latvian Football Federation.

The exact number of clubs varies from year to year as clubs join and leave leagues, merge, or fold altogether, but the existence of a total of 8 divisions within the 4 league levels, and an estimated average of 10 clubs per division implies that approximately 80 clubs are members of a league in the Latvian men's football league system.

The pyramid for women's football in Latvia runs separately to the men's structure and consists of two tiers.

2022 Latvian Higher League
The 2022 Latvian Higher League, known as the Optibet Virslīga for sponsorship reasons, was the 31st season of top-tier football in Latvia. The season began on 11 March 2022 and ended on 12 November 2022. RFS were the defending champions after winning the league the previous season.
Love Lies (1932 film)
Love Lies is a 1932 British musical comedy film directed by Lupino Lane and starring Stanley Lupino, Dorothy Boyd and Jack Hobbs. It was made by British International Pictures at Elstree Studios. It was based on Stanley Lupino's own hit 1929 stage musical.

Elstree Studios (Shenley Road)
Elstree Studios on Shenley Road, Borehamwood, Hertfordshire is a British film and television production centre operated by Elstree Film Studios Limited. One of several facilities historically referred to as Elstree Studios, the Shenley Road studios originally opened in 1926.

The studio complex has passed through many owners during its lifetime, and is now owned by Hertsmere Borough Council. Known as the studios used for filming Alfred Hitchcock's Blackmail (1929)—the first British talkie, Star Wars (1977),  The Shining (1980) and Indiana Jones, its largest stage is known as the George Lucas Soundstage 2 (15,770 sq ft), with the studios used both for film and television productions.

With the BBC Elstree Centre nearby, a number of the stages are leased to BBC Studioworks, and are used for recording television productions such as Strictly Come Dancing.
Shwe Kokko
Shwe Kokko Myaing (Burmese: ရွှေကုက္ကိုမြိုင်; lit. 'golden raintree forest', Eastern Pwo Karen: ထိက်တုဂ်ဓံင့်), commonly known as Shwe Kokko (Burmese: ရွှေကုက္ကို, Chinese: 水沟谷; pinyin: Shuǐgōugǔ, Jyutping: seoi2 gau1 guk1), is a town in Myawaddy Township, Myawaddy District in the Kayin State of south-east Myanmar. Shwe Kokko lies on the left (western) bank of the Moei River (Thaungyin River), facing Thailand to the east. The town is located 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Myawaddy. In recent years, Shwe Kokko has evolved into an organized crime and human trafficking hub, due to the Burmese government's limited reach and oversight in this remote area. Chinese-led development projects in Shwe Kokko, including Yatai New City, have been involved in illegal gambling, human trafficking, extortion, and cyber scam operations.

Myawaddy Township
Myawaddy Township (S'gaw Karen: ရါမတံၤကီၢ်ဆၣ်, Phlone မေဝ်ပ္တီကၞင့်; Burmese: မြဝတီမြို့နယ်) is a township of Myawaddy District in the Kayin State of Burma (Myanmar). It is the only township in Myawaddy District. The administrative seat is the town of Myawaddy.
Rosman Abdullah
Rosman bin Abdullah (19 February 1969 – 22 November 2024) was a Singaporean drug trafficker who was convicted of trafficking about 57.43g of diamorphine. Rosman was arrested on 20 March 2009 for the crime and sentenced to death on 14 September 2010. Rosman, who had since lost all his appeals against the death penalty, was hanged in Changi Prison on 22 November 2024.

Tay Yong Kwang
Tay Yong Kwang is a Singaporean judge of the Supreme Court. He was first appointed Judicial Commissioner in 1997, appointed Judge in 2003, and appointed Judge of Appeal in 2016. He was noted for being the presiding judge in several notable cases (especially murder) that shocked the nation and made headlines in Singapore. He was most recently re-appointed for a further two year term on the Court of Appeal from 3 September 2024.
Frog Level Historic District
The Frog Level Historic District is a national historic district located in the Frog Level neighborhood at Waynesville, Haywood County, North Carolina.  It includes 16 contributing buildings and one other contributing structure in the neighborhood of Frog Level.   It includes Early Commercial architecture and Romanesque architecture.  The buildings are predominantly one and two-story brick or frame buildings dating from the first three decades of the 20th century. Notable buildings include the C. G. Logan Auto Company (c. 1915), the Medford Furniture Company (1912), the T. N. Massie & Son building (c. 1900), and the North Carolina National Guard Armory (1936).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

Haywood County, North Carolina
Haywood County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 62,089. The county seat and its largest community is Waynesville.

Haywood County is part of the Waynesville, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Atuona Bay
Atuona Bay (French Baie d'Atuona or Baie Tahauku) is a small inlet on the north shore of Ta‘a ‘Oa (the Bay of Traitors), on the southern coast of Hiva ‘Oa.  The bay is traditionally called Vevau in Marquesan.

At the head of the bay lies Atuona, chief town of the southern Marquesas Islands.

Atuona Bay is separated from the harbor of Taha Uku to its east, by a headland called Feki, and from westernmore extensions of Ta'a Oa by a small rock called Hanakee.

Hiva Oa
With its 320 square kilometres (124 square miles), Hiva Oa (Marquesan: Hivaʻoa) is the second largest island in the Marquesas Islands, in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. Located at 9 45' south latitude and 139 W longitude, it is the largest island of the southern Marquesas group. Around 2,200 people reside on the island. A volcano, Temetiu, is Hiva Oa's highest point reaching an elevation of 1,269 m (4,163 ft.)
City (typeface)
City is a slab serif typeface designed by Georg Trump and released around 1930 by the Berthold type foundry in Berlin, Germany. Though classified as a slab serif, City displays a strong modernist influence in its geometric structure of right angles and opposing round corners. The typeface takes inspiration from the machine age, and industry. A consistent application of repeated parts: an outer circle softening interior rectilinear spaces, results in a highly unified and refined typeface.

The lowercase a is composed of a two horizontal rectangles in the interior, the outer skin follows the counter but always contrasting the outer stroke with the organic curves. The face was produced in three weights: light, medium, and bold, each in roman and italic. The graphic designer Jan Tschichold helped to popularize the City typeface by his use of it for his book Typographische Gestaltung published by the Basel publishing house Benno Schwabe & Co.

Machine Age
The Machine Age is an era that includes the early-to-mid 20th century, sometimes also including the late 19th century. An approximate dating would be about 1880 to 1945. Considered to be at its peak in the time between the first and second world wars, the Machine Age overlaps with the late part of the Second Industrial Revolution (which ended around 1914 at the start of World War I) and continues beyond it until 1945 at the end of World War II. The 1940s saw the beginning of the Atomic Age, where modern physics saw new applications such as the atomic bomb, the first computers, and the transistor. The Digital Revolution ended the intellectual model of the machine age founded in the mechanical and heralding a new more complex model of high technology.  The digital era has been called the Second Machine Age, with its increased focus on machines that do mental tasks.
Jama Masjid, Chanderi
The Jama Masjid is a Friday mosque in Chanderi, in the Ashoknagar district of the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. The mosque was completed in  853 AH (1449/1450 CE) and is a Monument of National Importance.

Ashoknagar district
Ashoknagar district (Hindi pronunciation: [ə'ʃoːk nəgəɾ]) is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The city of Ashoknagar is the administrative headquarters of the district. Ashoknagar district was formed in 2003.
Isaac Lewis House (Stratford, Connecticut)
The Isaac Lewis House is a historic house at 50 Paradise Green Places in Stratford, Connecticut.  It is a large two story wood-frame structure, five bays wide, with a porch extending across its front and a lantern section raised above its shallow-pitch hip roof.  The porch is supported by columns with Corinthian capitals, and has a low balustrade with turned balusters.  The eave of the main roof is deep and studded with jigsawn brackets.  A 20th century addition extends to the rear.  Built c. 1858–59, it is a fine local example of Italianate architecture.  It was built by Isaac Lewis, who made his fortune doing construction work for John Jacob Astor III and other wealthy New York City elites.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. It is currently used as a funeral home.

John Jacob Astor III
John Jacob Astor III (June 10, 1822 – February 22, 1890) was an American financier, philanthropist and a soldier during the American Civil War. He was a prominent member of the Astor family, becoming the wealthiest member in his generation.
Weaponization of antisemitism
The exploitation of accusations of antisemitism, especially to delegitimize criticism of Israel or opposition to Zionism, is sometimes called weaponization of antisemitism. Cases of weaponizing antisemitism have arisen in various contexts, including the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and debates over the concept of new antisemitism and the IHRA definition of antisemitism. Charges of antisemitism made in bad faith have been described as a smear tactic and likened to "playing the race card". Some anti-Zionist Jews have been accused of antisemitism and labeled "self-hating Jews".

The charge of weaponization has itself been criticized as antisemitic or rooted in antisemitic tropes, and as a rhetorical device employed across the political spectrum to delegitimize concerns about antisemitism, especially in anti-Zionist discourse.

Sahar Aziz
Sahar F. Aziz is a professor of law and Chancellor’s Social Justice Scholar at Rutgers Law School.  She is the founding director of the Center for Security, Race and Rights.  Her book The Racial Muslim: When Racism Quashes Religious Freedom explains why Muslims experience discrimination that mirrors racism against racial minorities rather than religious freedom.

Aziz argued that following the 9/11 attacks, the Muslim community living in the U.S. was deprived of full legal protection and of the full benefit of their civil rights.
Hispanic National Bar Association
The Hispanic National Bar Association (HNBA) is a 501(c)(6) organization representing Hispanics in the legal profession, including attorneys, judges, law professors, legal assistant and paralegals, and law students in the United States and its territories.

501(c) organization
A 501(c) organization is a nonprofit organization in the federal law of the United States according to Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. § 501(c)). Such organizations are exempt from some federal income taxes. Sections 503 through 505 set out the requirements for obtaining such exemptions. Many states refer to Section 501(c) for definitions of organizations exempt from state taxation as well. 501(c) organizations can receive unlimited contributions from individuals, corporations, and unions.

For example, a nonprofit organization may be tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) if its primary activities are charitable, religious, educational, scientific, literary, testing for public safety, fostering amateur sports competition, or preventing cruelty to children or animals.