hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Origins of the Sino-Indian War
A long series of events triggered the Sino-Indian War in 1962. According to John W. Garver, Chinese perceptions about the Indian designs for Tibet, and the failure to demarcate a common border between China and India (including the Indian Forward Policy) were important in China's decision to fight a war with India.

Lhasa
Lhasa, officially the Chengguan District of Lhasa City, is the inner urban district of Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region, Southwestern China.

Lhasa is the second most populous urban area on the Tibetan Plateau after Xining and, at an altitude of 3,656 metres (11,990 ft), Lhasa is one of the highest cities in the world. The city has been the religious and administrative capital of Tibet since the mid-17th century. It contains many culturally significant Tibetan Buddhist sites such as the Potala Palace, Jokhang Temple and Norbulingka Palaces. According to the census, the total resident population of the city by the end of 2024 will be 876,400.
Armet Francis
Armet Francis (born 29 January 1945) is a Jamaican-born photographer and publisher who has lived in London, England, since the 1950s. He has been documenting and chronicling the lives of people of the African diaspora for more than 40 years and his assignments have included work for The Times Magazine, The Sunday Times Supplement, BBC and Channel 4.

He has exhibited worldwide and his work is in collections including those of the Victoria & Albert Museum and the Museum of London. One of his best known photographs is 1964's "Self Portrait in Mirror".

The Photographers' Gallery
The Photographers' Gallery was founded in London by Sue Davies opening on 14 January 1971, as the first public gallery in the United Kingdom devoted solely to photography.

It is also home to the Deutsche Börse Photography Prize, established in 1996 to identify and reward photographic talent and innovation, and the Bar-Tur Photobook Award.
Banaras Pan
Banaras Pan (Betel Leaf) is an important traditional crop variety of Betel leaf (Piper betle) cultivated in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is mainly cultivated in the  Varanasi,  Jaunpur,  Chandauli,  Ballia,  Ghazipur,  Azamgarh,  Mirzapur, and  Sonbhadra districts of Uttar Pradesh.

Under its Geographical Indication tag, it is referred to as "'Banaras Pan (Betel Leaf)".

Betel
Betel (Piper betle) is a species of flowering plant in the pepper family Piperaceae, native to Southeast Asia. It is an evergreen, dioecious vine, with glossy heart-shaped leaves and white catkins. Betel plants are cultivated for their leaves, which are most commonly used as flavoring for chewing areca nut in so-called betel quid (often confusingly referred to as "betel nut"), which is toxic (as it is a psychostimulant drug) and is associated with a wide range of serious health conditions.
Diminuendo (film)
Diminuendo is a 2018 drama film directed by Adrian Stewart and written by Sarah Goldberger and Bryn Pryor. The film had its world premiere at the Sarasota Film Festival on April 20, 2018. Diminuendo is Stewart's first feature film.

Set in the near future, the film stars Richard Hatch as a director who becomes obsessed with a lifelike robot that replicates his girlfriend who killed herself nine years earlier. The film also stars Chloe Dykstra, Leah Cairns, Walter Koenig, Gigi Edgley and James Deen.

Sarasota Film Festival
The Sarasota Film Festival is a film festival located in Sarasota, Florida and held in April. Its mission is "to celebrate the art of filmmaking and the contribution of filmmakers by hosting an international film festival and developing year-long programs for the economic, educational, and cultural benefit of our community".
Vulliamy
Vulliamy is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Blanche Georgiana Vulliamy (1869–1923), English ceramic artist, painter, and writer

C. E. Vulliamy (1886–1971), Anglo-Welsh biographer and author

Ed Vulliamy (born 1954), English journalist and writer

Fred Vulliamy (1913–1968), Canadian politician

Vulliamy family, family of clockmakers

Fred Vulliamy
Frederick Justin Vulliamy (1913 – October 20, 1968) was a chartered accountant and politician in British Columbia. He represented Burnaby-Willingdon in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1966 to 1968 as a New Democratic Party (NDP) member.
He was born in Winnipeg and came to Vancouver, British Columbia with his family five years later. Vulliamy worked for the Alaska Pine Company for three years as an accountant before setting up his own practice. He was elected provincial president of the NDP in 1962. He was a director and later president of the Kitsilano Ratepayers' Association. Vulliamy was an unsuccessful candidate in the provincial ridings of Vancouver Burrard in 1960 and Vancouver Centre in 1963. In 1964 he moved to Burnaby and was elected to the Legislature in the 1966 provincial election. Vulliamy died in office two years later.
Hortense Globensky-Prévost
Hortense Globensky-Prévost (1804 - 29 April 1873) also known as Chevalière des Deux-Montagnes and Héroïne du Nord, was a Canadian woman, known for her role as a British loyalist during the Rebellions of 1837–1838; on two famous occasions, she protected the corpse of her spouse from a lynch mob, and prevented rebellions and riots from taking place in Sainte-Scholastique, respectively.

Lynching
Lynching is an extrajudicial killing by a group. It is most often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob in order to punish an alleged or convicted transgressor or to intimidate others. It can also be an extreme form of informal group social control, and it is often conducted with the display of a public spectacle (often in the form of a hanging) for maximum intimidation. Instances of lynchings and similar mob violence can be found in all societies.

In the United States, where the word lynching likely originated, the practice became associated with vigilante justice on the frontier and mob attacks on African Americans accused of crimes. The latter became frequent in the South during the period after the Reconstruction era, especially during the nadir of American race relations. Black people are thought to be the primary victims of lynching in the U.S. (about 72% of the total).
Von Hoff
Von Hoff or von Hoff is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bruce Von Hoff (1943–2012), American baseball player

Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff (1771–1837), German natural historian and geologist

Steele Von Hoff (born 1987), Australian road racing cyclist

Bruce Von Hoff
Bruce Frederick Von Hoff (November 17, 1943 – September 11, 2012) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher. He was born in Oakland, California.

Von Hoff pitched in a total of thirteen games for the Houston Astros in the 1965 and 1967 seasons.

He died at his home in Gulfport, Florida.
Liquid bleach
Liquid bleach, often called just bleach, is a common chemical household product that consists of a dilute solution of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and other secondary ingredients. It is a chlorine releasing bleaching agent widely used to whiten clothes and remove stains, as a disinfectant to kill germs, and for several other uses.

While the term has had this meaning for a long time, it may now be applied more generically to any liquid bleaching agent for laundry, irrespective of composition, such as peroxide-based bleaches.

Peroxide-based bleach
A peroxide-based bleach or simply peroxide bleach is any bleach product that is based on the peroxide chemical group, namely two oxygen atoms connected by a single bond, (–O–O–). This bond is fairly weak and is often broken in chemical reactions of peroxides, giving rise to very reactive oxygen species, which are the active agents of the bleach.

Peroxide-based bleaches became common household products in the late 20th century, being the base of many laundry detergent formulations. Most of these products are adducts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 or HOOH), that is, solids that contain H2O2 trapped in a crystal structure together with another material like sodium carbonate or urea.  An exception is sodium perborate, which has a cyclic structure containing two O-O single bonds.

Peroxide bleaches are considered to be eco-friendly cleaning agents, compared to chlorine-based bleaches that might produce organochlorine compounds.
Clay Township, Indiana
Clay Township is the name of seventeen townships in the U.S. state of Indiana:

Clay Township, Bartholomew County, Indiana

Clay Township, Carroll County, Indiana

Clay Township, Cass County, Indiana

Clay Township, Dearborn County, Indiana

Clay Township, Decatur County, Indiana

Clay Township, Hamilton County, Indiana

Clay Township, Hendricks County, Indiana

Clay Township, Howard County, Indiana

Clay Township, Kosciusko County, Indiana

Clay Township, LaGrange County, Indiana

Clay Township, Miami County, Indiana

Clay Township, Morgan County, Indiana

Clay Township, Owen County, Indiana

Clay Township, Pike County, Indiana

Clay Township, St. Joseph County, Indiana

Clay Township, Spencer County, Indiana

Clay Township, Wayne County, Indiana

See also: other places named Clay Township (disambiguation).

Clay Township, Hamilton County, Indiana
Clay Township is one of nine townships in Hamilton County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 99,093. Since the annexation of Home Place, Indiana, Carmel is now completely coterminous with the township.
Syed Mukhtaruddin Shah
Syed Mukhtaruddin Shah (1950 – 29 December 2025) was a Pakistani Islamic scholar and spiritual leader, who served as the Sheikh Al Hadith of Jamia Darul Uloom Karbogha Sharif in District Hangu and Patron of Wifaq ul Madaris Al-Arabia.

He was the disciple of Zakaria Kandhalvi and Shah's devotees included Adnan Kakakhil and Pakistani cricketer Muhammad Rizwan.

Shah died at Shifa International Hospital in Islamabad on 29 December 2025.

Hangu District, Pakistan
Hangu District (Pashto: هنګو ولسوالۍ, Urdu: ضلع ہنگو) is a district within the Kohat Division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. It is located close to the Pak-Afghan border with the Khost Province, Afghanistan. The district takes its name from the town of Hangu, which is its administrative centre. The name Hangu may also sometimes be applied to the Miranzai Valley which is partly within the district, bordering the Samana Range.
The Daily Leader
The Daily Leader is a daily newspaper published in Pontiac, Illinois, United States. Former owner GateHouse Media purchased roughly 160 daily and weekly newspapers from Hollinger Inc. in 1997.

In addition to the daily product, GateHouse also publishes two weekly newspapers in The Daily Leader's coverage area: the Home Times of Flanagan, and The Blade of Fairbury.

The daily paper also covers Chenoa, El Paso and Dwight.

Fairbury, Illinois
Fairbury is a city in Livingston County, Illinois, United States. The population was 3,633 at the 2020 census.

Fairbury is located on U.S. Route 24 11 miles east of Chenoa and six miles west of Forrest. It was founded in 1857. The town has a large population of members of the Apostolic Christian faith, who first settled in the area in 1864.
Amateurliga Südwest
The Amateurliga Südwest was the highest football league in the region of the Südwest FA and the third tier of the German football league system from its inception in 1952 to the formation of the Oberliga Südwest and the Verbandsliga Südwest below it in 1978.

Deutscher Sportclub für Fußballstatistiken
The Deutscher Sportclub für Fußballstatistiken e.V., (English: German sports club for football statistics) short DSFS is an association dedicated to collecting and publishing German football statistics, similar to the RSSSF, and is a member of the German Olympic Society.

The club used to be best known for its annual publication, the Deutscher Fussball-Almanach, a yearbook on German football. Unlike other yearbooks, it does not so much focus on professional football, but rather covers the higher amateur leagues.
Orzotto
Orzotto (Italian pronunciation: [orˈdzɔtto]) is an Italian dish similar to risotto, but made with pearl barley instead of rice. Orzotti are a speciality of the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of northeastern Italy.

The name is a portmanteau of orzo (the Italian word for barley) and risotto. This should not be confused with orzo, otherwise known as risoni, a type of wheat pasta formed into shapes resembling barley grains.

Outside Italy, the term commonly refers to a risotto-style dish made with orzo (pasta).

Orzo
Orzo (/ˈɔːrzoʊ, ˈɔːrtsoʊ/, Italian: [ˈɔrdzo]; lit. 'barley'; from Latin hordeum), also known in Italy as risoni (Italian: [riˈzoːni]; 'large [grains of] rice'), and popular in Greek cuisine as kritharaki  (κριθαράκι), is a form of short-cut pasta shaped like a large grain of rice. Orzo is made from flour, often with semolina.

The name orzo is common for this pasta shape in North America, but less so in Italy, where the word usually means 'barley'.
Suzie Q (dance move)
The Suzie Q (also Susie Q, Suzy Q or Susy Q) is a dance step in the Big Apple, Lindy Hop, Salsa, and other dances. In line dances this step is also known as heel twist (actually refers to step 2) or grind walk. The step is also used in jazz dance, and in Salsa shines.

The step originated from a novelty dance of the 1930s with the same name addressed in the 1936 song Doin' the Suzie-Q by Lil Hardin Armstrong.

Lil Hardin Armstrong
Lillian Hardin Armstrong (née Hardin; February 3, 1898 – August 27, 1971) was an American jazz pianist, composer, arranger, singer, and bandleader. She was the second wife of Louis Armstrong, with whom she collaborated on many recordings in the 1920s.

Her compositions include "Struttin' with Some Barbecue", "Don't Jive Me", "Two Deuces", "Knee Drops", "Doin' the Suzie-Q", "Just for a Thrill" (which was a hit when revived by Ray Charles in 1959), "Clip Joint", and "Bad Boy" (a hit for the Jive Bombers in 1957). Armstrong was inducted into the Memphis Music Hall of Fame in 2014.
Tenshō embassy
The Tenshō embassy (Japanese: 天正の使節, named after the Tenshō Era in which the embassy took place) was an embassy sent by the Japanese Christian Lord Ōtomo Sōrin to the Pope and the kings of Europe in 1582. The embassy was led by Mancio Itō (伊東 マンショ Itō Mansho, 1570–1612), a Japanese nobleman, who was the first official Japanese emissary to Europe.

Alicante
Alicante or Alacant (officially: Alacant / Alicante) is a city and municipality in the Valencian Community, Spain. It is the capital of the province of Alicante and a historic Mediterranean port. With a population of 358,608 as of 2024, it is the 2nd-largest city in the Valencian Community and the 10th-largest in Spain.

Together with Elche (Elx) and other municipalities, Alicante forms a conurbation of nearly 1 million inhabitants.
Kanichi Kashimura
Kanichi Kashimura (樫村 寛一, Kashimura Kan'ichi, July 5, 1913 – March 6, 1943) was an Imperial Japanese Navy Naval Ace of the Second Sino-Japanese and Second World War.

On December 9, 1937, Kashimura fought Hawk III over Nan- chang, destroying one and then colliding with another aircraft (an unknown type that could have been either Japanese or Chinese), tearing off a third of his left wing. Through superb piloting, the calm aviator brought his crippled Claude' back to base, and after four landing attempts, the aircraft somersaulted on touching the ground on its fourth approach and lost its tail in the subsequent crash. Astoundingly, the pilot walked away from the wreckage unharmed. Local news reporters quickly sent the story back to Japan, where Kashimura gained instant fame.

On March 6, 1943 he was shot down and killed by a US aircraft near the Russell Islands.

Kashimura's Mitsubishi A5M December 9, 1937

Kashimura (second from right)

Curtiss BF2C Goshawk
The Curtiss BF2C Goshawk (Model 67) was a United States 1930s naval biplane aircraft that saw limited success and was part of a long line of Hawk series airplanes made by the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company for the American military, and for export as the Model 68 Hawk III.
Iota Cephei
Iota Cephei is a star in the northern constellation Cepheus. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from ι Cephei, and abbreviated Iota Cep or ι Cep. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 28.29 mas as seen from the Earth, it is located about 115 light-years (35 pc) from the Sun. The star is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 3.5.

It is a K-type giant star with a stellar classification of K0 III. It is currently at an evolutionary stage known as the red clump, indicating that it is generating energy through the fusion of helium at its core. It has 11 times the Sun's radius and about 2.15 times the mass of the Sun. Its luminosity is 57 times that of the Sun, and its surface has an effective temperature of 4,768 K.

Naked eye
Naked eye, also called bare eye or unaided eye, is the practice of engaging in visual perception unaided by a magnifying, light-collecting optical instrument, such as a telescope or microscope, or eye protection.

In astronomy, the naked eye may be used to observe celestial events and objects visible without equipment, such as conjunctions, passing comets, meteor showers, and the brightest asteroids, including 4 Vesta. Sky lore and various tests demonstrate an impressive variety of phenomena visible to the unaided eye.
Montauban-de-Luchon
Montauban-de-Luchon (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃tobɑ̃ də lyʃɔ̃]; Gascon: Montauban de Luishon) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department of southwestern France.

Church.

Tympanum

near 1840, by Eugène de Malbos

Cascade by Joseph Latour

Haute-Garonne
Haute-Garonne (French pronunciation: [ot ɡaʁɔn]; Occitan: Nauta Garona, pronounced [ˈnawto ɡaˈɾuno]; Upper Garonne) is a department in the southwestern French region of Occitanie. Named after the river Garonne, which flows through the department. Its prefecture and main city is Toulouse, the country's fourth-largest. In 2019, it had a population of 1,400,039.
Agramma
Agramma is a genus of insects belonging to the family Tingidae.

The genus was described in 1829 by James Francis Stephens.

The genus has cosmopolitan distribution.

Species:

Agramma ecmeles Drake & Ruhoff, 1962

Agramma femorale

Agramma laeta (Faller)

Agramma pictipenne (Horváth, 1902)

Agramma tropidopterum

Agramma vulturnum

James Francis Stephens
James Francis Stephens (16 September 1792 – 22 December 1852) was an English entomologist and naturalist. He is known for his 12 volume Illustrations of British Entomology (1846) and the Manual of British Beetles (1839).
Ed Reavy
Ed Reavy (1897–1988) was an Irish-American musician and composer of numerous traditional Irish dance tunes. Born in the townland of Barnagrove (aka Barnagrow, Barnagrows or Barr na gCnó), Knappagh, County Cavan, he emigrated to Philadelphia in 1912 where he settled in the Irish-American enclave of Corktown (now part of Powelton Village). Except for two visits back to Ireland, he remained in the Philadelphia area for the remainder of his life.

Powelton Village, Philadelphia
Powelton Village is a neighborhood in the West Philadelphia section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It consists of mostly Victorian and twin style homes. It is a national historic district that is part of University City. Powelton Village extends north from Market Street to Spring Garden Street, east to 32nd Street, west to 40th and Spring Garden Streets, and to 44th and Market Streets.
I Don't Think About It
I Don't Think About It is a song performed by Emily Osment for R. L. Stine's The Haunting Hour: Don't Think About It. The song hit #1 on the Radio Disney top 3. Osment also shot an accompanying music video for the song, released in The Haunting Hour: Don't Think About It DVD.  The song was written by Ilene Angel and Sue Fabisch.

R. L. Stine
Robert Lawrence Stine (/staɪn/; born October 8, 1943) is an American novelist. He is the writer of Goosebumps, a horror fiction novel series for children which has sold over 400 million copies globally in 35 languages, becoming the second-best-selling book series in history. The series spawned a media franchise including two television series, a video game series, a comic series, and two feature films. Stine has been referred to as the "Stephen King of children's literature".

Stine wrote the teen horror fiction series Fear Street, which has sold over 80 million copies and has been adapted into a series of films. His work includes Rotten School, Mostly Ghostly, Nightmare Hour, and The Nightmare Room. He has also written humor books for children, under the alias Jovial Bob Stine.
Roland Giberti
Roland Giberti, born in Gémenos (Bouches-du-Rhône department, Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur region)) in 1951, is a French politician belonging to the Nouveau Centre party.

Trained as a mathematics' teacher, he was elected mayor of Gémenos in 2001, after having served eighteen years (since 1983) as a member of the city council. He was elected representative in the general council (Conseil général) of the Bouches-du-Rhône department in 2004 for the canton of Aubagne-Est. He is also vice-president of the Urban Community of Marseille Provence Métropole.

The Centrists
The Centrists (French: Les Centristes, pronounced [le sɑ̃tʁist], LC), known as The Centrists – New Centre (Les Centristes – Nouveau Centre [le sɑ̃tʁist nuvo sɑ̃tʁ], LC-NC) since 2018, formerly known as New Centre (Nouveau Centre, NC) and European Social Liberal Party (Parti Social Libéral Européen [paʁti sɔsjal libeʁal øʁɔpeɛ̃], PSLE), is a centre-right political party in France formed by the members of the Union for French Democracy (UDF) – including 18 of the 29 members of the UDF in the National Assembly) – who did not agree with François Bayrou's decision to found the Democratic Movement (MoDem) and wanted to support the newly-elected president Nicolas Sarkozy, continuing the UDF–Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) alliance.

The party was founded on 29 May 2007 during a press conference and renamed on 11 December 2016.
Greatest Hits (Riot album)
Greatest Hits '78-'90 is Riot's only compilation album, released exclusively by Sony Music Japan in 1993. The collection was also issued as a limited edition Starbox.

It contains no material from the Rhett Forrester era, focusing on the Guy Speranza and Tony Moore years only.

Riot V
Riot V, formerly known as Riot, is an American heavy metal band formed in New York City in 1975 by guitarist Mark Reale. Achieving peak success and popularity during the early 1980s, the band has continued a long-running successful career. Riot started out as straightforward heavy metal, but since their 1988 release Thundersteel, their style has shifted towards power metal.

In 2013, surviving members of Riot reformed the band as Riot V, after the death of founder, guitarist, primary songwriter and leader Mark Reale. The group uses a baby seal face as a logo on its album covers.
History of perfume
The word perfume is used today to describe scented mixtures and is derived from the Latin word per fumus (lit. 'through smoke'). The word perfumery refers to the art of making perfumes. Perfume was produced by ancient Greeks, and perfume was also refined by the Romans, the Persians and the Arabs. Although perfume and perfumery also existed in East Asia, much of its fragrances were incense based. The basic ingredients and methods of making perfumes are described by Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia.

Myrrh
Myrrh (/mɜːr/; from an unidentified ancient Semitic language, مر; from Arabic, מוֹר /mor/; from Hebrew, see § Etymology) is a gum-resin extracted from a few small, thorny tree species of the Commiphora genus, belonging to the Burseraceae family.

Myrrh resin was traded in the ancient world, and has been used throughout history in medicine, in ritual, and to make perfume and incense. Its use is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, the New Testament and in Islamic texts, as well as by ancient historians. It is still used by certain Christian denominations for ritual purposes.