hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Economy of Cardiff
As the capital city of Wales, Cardiff is the main engine of growth in the Welsh economy; the city has been developing as a significant service centre and economic driver for the wider south east Wales economy. The city and the adjoining Vale of Glamorgan contribute a disproportionately high share of economic output in Wales. The Cardiff travel to work area has grown significantly since 1991; the 2001-based version includes much of the central South Wales Valleys in addition to the Vale of Glamorgan.

In the 19th century, the economy of Cardiff benefitted most from coal exportation and steel production. Cardiff's port became the world's most important coal port, handling more than London and Liverpool.

Today, Cardiff is a centre for white-collar professions. The city relies principally on the retail, finance, media and tourism sectors, and has been undergoing major regeneration since the late 20th century particularly in Cardiff city centre and Cardiff Bay.

South East Wales
South East Wales is a loosely defined region of Wales generally corresponding to the preserved counties of Mid Glamorgan, South Glamorgan and Gwent. Highly urbanised, it includes the cities of Cardiff and Newport as well as large towns in the South Wales Valleys.
Lasse Nieminen
Lasse Nieminen (born August 29, 1966) is a Finnish former professional ice hockey left winger.

Nieminen played a total of 521 games in the SM-liiga for JYP. He played with the team from 1983 to 1990, 1991 to 1996 and 1997 to 1998. After leaving JYP, he played in the I-Divisioona for Diskos and in Sweden's Division 2 for Halmstad Hammers before retiring in 2000. Nieminen then came out of retirement in 2005 to play for the Adelaide Avalanche of the Australian Ice Hockey League for one season before retiring again for good.

I-Divisioona
I-Divisioona was the second tier of ice hockey in Finland from 1974 to 2000. It replaced the previous league Suomensarja that ran from 1936 to 1974.

I-Divisioona was known as the Finland-liiga (1992–1994) and the Fazer liiga (1994–1996) due to naming rights deals.

In 2000, I-Divisioona was replaced by Mestis.
2018–19 Rugby Europe Trophy
The 2018–19 Rugby Europe Trophy is the second-level rugby union competition below the premier Championship. It is the third Trophy competition under its new format, that will see Czech Republic, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, and Switzerland compete for the title, and a place in the Championship-Trophy promotion play-off.

This year's competition sees Lithuania joining the Trophy after winning the Trophy-Conference 1 promotion play-off against Malta. After the Championship-Trophy promotion play-off of the 2017-18 season, which was played on 3 November 2018 between Portugal and Romania after the eligibility case of the 2018 Rugby Europe Championship, Portugal remained on the Trophy level and lost the relegation play-off for the second year in a row.

Netherlands national rugby union team
The Netherlands national rugby union team, nicknamed The Oranges (Oranje), currently competes in the second division of the Rugby Europe International Championships in the Rugby Europe Trophy, a competition which is just below the Rugby Europe Championship where the top six countries in Europe (apart from the teams in the Six Nations) compete. They are yet to participate in any Rugby World Cup.
Basic and Applied Social Psychology
Basic and Applied Social Psychology (BASP) is a bi-monthly psychology journal published by Taylor & Francis. The journal emphasizes the publication of empirical research articles but also publishes literature reviews, criticism, and methodological or theoretical statements spanning the entire range of social psychological issues.

In 2015, the journal banned p-values (and related inferential statistics such as confidence intervals) as evidence in papers accepted by the journal, replacing hypothesis testing with "strong descriptive statistics, including effect sizes" on the grounds that "the state of the art [for hypothesis testing] remains uncertain".

Statistical inference
Statistical inference is the process of using data analysis to infer properties of an underlying probability distribution. Inferential statistical analysis infers properties of a population, for example by testing hypotheses and deriving estimates. It is assumed that the observed data set is sampled from a larger population.

Inferential statistics can be contrasted with descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics is solely concerned with properties of the observed data, and it does not rest on the assumption that the data come from a larger population. In machine learning, the term inference is sometimes used instead to mean "make a prediction, by evaluating an already trained model"; in this context inferring properties of the model is referred to as training or learning (rather than inference), and using a model for prediction is referred to as inference (instead of prediction); see also predictive inference.
1998 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina
The United States House of Representative elections of 1998 in North Carolina were held on 3 November 1998 as part of the biennial election to the United States House of Representatives.  All twelve seats in North Carolina, and 435 nationwide, were elected.

The Republicans won seven seats to the Democrats' five.  Eleven incumbents won re-election, while Democrat Bill Hefner's retirement in the 8th district allowed Republican Robin Hayes to enter the House for the first time.  The Libertarian Party ran in every district, almost quadrupling their total vote share, but their vote was smaller than the margin of victory in all races.

Robin Hayes
Robert Cannon "Robin" Hayes (born August 14, 1945) is an American politician and businessman from North Carolina. A member of the Republican Party, he represented North Carolina's 8th congressional district in the House of Representatives from 1999 to 2009, and was the Republican nominee for Governor of North Carolina in 1996. Hayes served as chairman of the North Carolina Republican Party from 2011 to 2013, and from 2016 to 2019. Accused in a bribery scheme in 2019, Hayes pleaded guilty to lying to the FBI. On January 20, 2021, Hayes was pardoned by President Donald Trump.
2018–19 Copa Argentina
The 2018–19 Copa Argentina (officially the Copa Total Argentina 2018–19 for sponsorship reasons) was the tenth edition of the Copa Argentina, and the eighth since the relaunch of the tournament in 2011. The competition began on 16 January 2019 and ended on 13 December 2019.

River Plate defeated Central Córdoba (SdE) in the final to win their third title. As champions, they qualified for the 2020 Copa Libertadores group stage and the 2019 Supercopa Argentina.

Rosario Central, the defending champions, were eliminated by Sol de Mayo in the Round of 64.

TotalEnergies
TotalEnergies SE is a French multinational integrated energy and petroleum company founded in 1924 and is one of the seven supermajor oil companies. Its businesses cover the entire oil and gas chain, from crude oil and natural gas exploration and production to power generation, transportation, refining, petroleum product marketing, and international crude oil and product trading. TotalEnergies is also a large-scale chemicals manufacturer.

TotalEnergies has its head office in the Tour Total in La Défense district in Courbevoie, west of Paris. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. In the 2023 Forbes Global 2000, TotalEnergies was ranked as the 21st largest company in the world.
Sieges of Ceuta (1694–1727)
The sieges of Ceuta, also known as the thirty-year siege, were a series of blockades by Moroccan forces of the Spanish-held city of Ceuta on the North African coast. The first siege began on 23 October 1694 and finished in 1720 when reinforcements arrived. During the 26 years of the first siege, the city underwent changes leading to the loss of its Portuguese character. While most of the military operations took place around the city walls (Spanish: Murallas Reales), there were also small-scale penetrations by Spanish forces at various points on the Moroccan coast, and the seizure of shipping in the Strait of Gibraltar. The city was placed under a second siege in 1721 until 22 April 1727. The engagements are considered to be the longest siege in history.

Strait of Gibraltar
The Strait of Gibraltar, also known as the Straits of Gibraltar, is a narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates Europe from Africa.
The two continents are separated by 7.7 nautical miles (14.2 kilometers, 8.9 miles) at its narrowest point. Ferries cross between the two continents every day in as little as 35 minutes. The Strait's depth ranges between 300 and 900 metres (980 and 2,950 feet; 160 and 490 fathoms).

The strait lies in the territorial waters of Morocco, Spain, and the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, foreign vessels and aircraft have the freedom of navigation and overflight to cross the strait of Gibraltar in case of continuous transit.
Canápolis
Canápolis is a Brazilian municipality located in the west of the state of Minas Gerais. Its population as of 2020 was 12,201 living in a total area of 845 km2 (326 sq mi). The city belongs to the statistical mesoregion of Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba and to the statistical microregion of Uberlândia.  It became a municipality in 1948.

Mesoregions of Brazil
A mesoregion (Portuguese: Mesorregião) was a subdivision of the Brazilian states, grouping together various municipalities in proximity and with common characteristics. They were abolished in 2017 and replaced by intermediate and immediate geographic regions. The mesoregions were created by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics for statistical purposes and did not, therefore, constitute political or administrative areas. They were further divided into microregions.
Pascal Bittard
Pascal Bittard (born October 24, 1968) is a French music industry executive and entrepreneur. He is the founder and president of IDOL, an independent digital music distribution company. Bittard took part in the development of digital music distribution and has been an advocate for user-centric streaming models.

He is also a board member of music industry organizations, including Merlin and the Union of Independent French Phonographic Producers (UPFI).

Merlin Network
Merlin is a digital rights music licensing partner for independent record labels, distributors, and other music rights holders around the world. It was founded in 2007 with Charles Caldas as the chief executive. In January 2026, Charlie Lexton, who joined Merlin at its inception, stepped into the role of Merlin CEO. The company is a member-based organization representing the digital licensing rights for hundreds of independent labels and distributors in nearly every country around the globe and represents 15% of the global music market share. As of 2019, Merlin has paid out over two billion dollars.
Element Fire
The 2024 Element Fire was a wildfire that burned 5,364 acres across Mohave County in the U.S. state of Arizona from August 6 to August 19. It was the 8th-largest wildfire of the 2024 Arizona wildfire season, and injured 2 people.

Mohave County, Arizona
Mohave County occupies the northwestern corner of the U.S. state of Arizona, one of 15 counties in the state. As of the 2020 census, its population was 213,267. The county seat is Kingman, and the largest city is Lake Havasu City. It is the fifth largest county in the United States (by area).

Mohave County makes up the Lake Havasu City–Kingman, Arizona Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Mohave County contains parts of Grand Canyon National Park and Lake Mead National Recreation Area and all of the Grand Canyon–Parashant National Monument. The Kaibab, Fort Mojave and Hualapai Indian Reservations also lie within the county.
Richard Newcombe (priest)
Christianity portal

Richard Newcombe (1779 – 1857) was an Anglican priest.

Newcombe was educated at Queens' College, Cambridge. He held incumbencies at Llanrhyddlad, Llanfwrog and Clocaenog.

He died on 7 August 1857.

Llanfwrog, Anglesey
Llanfwrog is a village in Anglesey, in north-west Wales. It lies about 4 miles (6.4 km) to the northeast of Holyhead. The village lies near the coast about a mile east of Beach Gribin. A country road connects it with the A5025 road, one mile east, and Llanfaethlu, approximately 2.5 miles (4 km) to the north.

According to tradition, it was founded by Saint Mwrog. In the Welsh language Llanfwrog translates as the place/church of St. Mwrog. The only other place that is associated with the name of a Saint Mwrog is Llanfwrog, Denbighshire. In the Middle Ages Llanfwrog parish lay in the commote Talybolion in the Hundred of Cemaes. The church belonged to the rectory of the parish of Llan by the eighteenth century.
Scott Connor
Christopher “Scott” Connor (born July 14, 1960) is an American drummer, percussionist and vocalist.

Specializing in drums and percussion, Connor is based out of the Southern California area. His specialties are rock, contemporary and progressive rock music. He is a veteran of the Los Angeles music club scene and has toured in the United States as well as Europe with super group Yoso (with Billy Sherwood, Bobby Kimball and Tony Kaye). Connor was the drummer for actor William Shatner's 2013 record Ponder the Mystery. He is currently a member of CIRCA: with Sherwood, Kaye and Ricky Tierney.

Bobby Kimball
Robert Troy Kimball (born March 29, 1947) is an American retired singer and musician, best known as the original frontman of the rock band Toto from 1977 to 1984 and again from 1998 to 2008. He has also performed as a solo artist and session singer.
Cerne, Totcombe and Modbury Hundred
50°50′38″N 2°31′16″W﻿ / ﻿50.844°N 2.521°W﻿ / 50.844; -2.521
Cerne, Totcombe and Modbury Hundred was a hundred in the county of Dorset, England. Some of its tithings and parishes were exclaves which indicates that its ancient manors were likely the possessions of one related family who received them during the reign of William the Conqueror. The hundred contained the following parishes:

Cattistock

Cerne Abbas

Godmanstone

Hilfield

Hawkchurch (part) (transferred to Devon 1896)

Nether Cerne

West Compton

Hilfield
Hilfield is a small scattered village and civil parish in west Dorset, England, situated under the scarp face of the Dorset Downs 7 miles (11 km) south of Sherborne. Dorset County Council's 2013 estimate of the parish population is 50.

Hilfield parish church, dedicated to St Nicholas, has late 13th- or early 14th-century origins, though the present building dates from the 15th century and was substantially altered in 1848. It has wooden parquet flooring, notable carved bench ends—possibly moved from Cerne Abbey and thought to be Flemish but of unknown age—and the pulpit and seating have 16th-century panelling. It is one of the smallest English parish churches.

Hilfield Friary is a faith-based community centred on Franciscan brothers of the Anglican Society of St Francis. The Hilfield community is made up of Franciscan Brothers and others who join them; the community encourages environmental sustainability within the Franciscan ethos of peace, faith and justice.
UAD
UAD may stand for:

United Action for Democracy, a Nigerian political group

University of Abertay Dundee, a university in Dundee, Scotland

Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, a university in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Democratic Arucasian Union (Spanish: Unión Aruquense Democrática), a small political party in Spain

Art and Design University of Cluj-Napoca (Romanian: Universitatea de Artă şi Design), an art university in Romania

UAD-1/UAD-2(Universal Audio Digital)_, a series of Digital signal processor cards

Uniform Appraisal Dataset, a specification for appraisal data on loans

Autonomous University of Durango (Spanish: Universidad Autónoma de Durango), a private university in Mexico with multiple campuses

Universal Audio (company)
Universal Audio is an American company that designs, imports, and markets audio signal processing hardware and effect pedals, audio interfaces, digital signal processing, virtual instruments, and digital audio workstation software and plug-ins.

Founded in 1958 by Bill Putnam, Sr. with products produced under the Universal Audio brand through the mid-1970s, the company was re-established in 1999 by his sons Jim and Bill Putnam, Jr.. The company produces modern versions of vintage Universal Audio, UREI, and Teletronix analog recording equipment, as well as hardware and software for digital recording on the UAD-2 platform.
Pratto
Pratto is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Felicia Pratto (born 1961), social psychologist

Lucas Pratto (born 1988), Argentine footballer

Nick Pratto (born 1998), American baseball player

Felicia Pratto
Felicia Pratto (born 1961) is a social psychologist known for her work on intergroup relations, dynamics of power, and social cognition. She is Professor of Psychological Sciences at the University of Connecticut. Pratto is a Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science.

Pratto is co-author, with Jim Sidanius, of Social Dominance: An Intergroup Theory of Social Hierarchy and Oppression.  This book describes how societies are structured through group-based social hierarchies, and how societal structures lead to intergroup conflict, racism, classism, and patriarchy.
Culture of Kentucky
The culture of Kentucky is firmly Southern. It is also influenced by Southern Appalachia, blending with the native upper Southern culture in certain areas of the state. The state is known for bourbon and whiskey distilling, tobacco, horse racing, college basketball, and quilts.

Whisky
Whisky or whiskey is a type of liquor made from fermented grain mash. Various grains (which may be malted) are used for different varieties, including barley, corn, rye, and wheat. Whisky is typically aged in wooden casks, commonly of charred white oak. Uncharred white oak casks previously used for the aging of port, rum, or sherry may be employed during storage to impart a unique flavour and colour.

Whisky is a strictly regulated spirit worldwide with many classes and types. The typical unifying characteristics of the different classes and types are the fermentation of grains, distillation, and aging in wooden barrels.
WXMW
WXMW (89.3 FM) is a radio station  broadcasting a Christian radio format. Licensed to Sycamore, Ohio, United States, the station serves the areas of Upper Sandusky, Ohio and Bucyrus, Ohio.  The station is currently owned by Kayser Broadcast Ministries.

WXMW airs a variety of Christian talk and teaching programs including; Revive our Hearts with Nancy Leigh DeMoss, Insight for Living with Chuck Swindoll, and In the Market with Janet Parshall.  WXMW also airs a variety of Christian music.

Bucyrus, Ohio
Bucyrus (/bjuːˈsaɪrəs/ bew-SY-rəs) is a city in Crawford County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. It is located in northern Ohio approximately 28 miles (45 km) west of Mansfield and 66 miles (106 km) southeast of Toledo. The population was 11,684 at the 2020 census. The city is the largest in Crawford County and the center of the Bucyrus micropolitan statistical area.
Portas de Ródão Natural Monument
Portas de Ródão Natural Monument is centered on a geological formation crossed and formed by the Tagus near Vila Velha de Ródão, Central Portugal. Established in 2009, the monument preserves not only natural, but historical heritage, including the medieval Castle of Ródão which oversees the river.

The Natural Monument serves as habitat for the largest colony of griffon vultures in the national territory. The 170 m (560 ft) high cliffs make it an ideal place for nesting birds of prey.

Vegetation is primarily Mediterranean: Myrtus communis, Arbutus unedo, Pistacia lentiscus, Quercus coccifera and Juniperus oxycedrus (considered a relict species in Portugal) are common throughout the monument.

Quercus coccifera
Quercus coccifera, commonly known as kermes oak, holly oak, or Palestine oak, is an evergreen oak shrub or tree in section Ilex of the genus. It has many synonyms, including Quercus calliprinos. It is native to the Mediterranean region and Northern African Maghreb, south to north from Morocco to France and west to east from Portugal to Cyprus and Turkey, crossing Spain, Italy, Libya, the Balkans, and Greece, including Crete. The Kermes oak was historically important as the food plant of Kermes scale insects, from which a red dye called crimson was obtained. The etymology of the specific name coccifera is related to the production of red cochineal (crimson) dye and derived from Latin coccum which was from Greek κόκκος, the kermes insect. The Latin -fera means 'bearer'.
Albion Park railway station
Albion Park railway station is a heritage-listed railway station located on the South Coast railway line on the Princes Highway in Albion Park Rail, New South Wales, Australia. The station was designed by New South Wales Government Railways and built during 1887 by William Monie & Company, with the single line railway line built by David Proudfoot and Thomas Logan. The complex is also known as the Albion Park Railway Station Group. The property was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. The station is located close to Shellharbour Airport.

David Proudfoot (engineer)
David Proudfoot (1838 – 20 March 1891) was a New Zealand engineering contractor and company director in Dunedin. He was born in Musselburgh, or Gilmerton, Midlothian, Scotland, in about 1838 or 1841.

He was a Dunedin landowner and contractor and was one of the promoters of the Dunedin Peninsula and Ocean Beach Railway. He owned the horse-drawn trams serving the suburbs of Dunedin and had a "virtual monopoly", until he sold them to the Dunedin City and Suburban Tramway Co. in 1883 for £55,000. He was the brother-in-law of newspaper proprietor Sir George Fenwick, owing to Fenwick's marriage to Proudfoot's sister Jane.

In 1883, he left Dunedin and died in Sydney on 20 March 1891, while undergoing surgery. Reports of his age at death varied between 49 and 61. A cousin said he was 50. His Waverley Cemetery burial record and an inscription on his coffin said he was 49.
Pakistan at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Pakistan competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia. 55 competitors, all men, took part in 43 events in 8 sports. They won their first medal at this level, winning the silver in the men's field hockey competition.

Abdul Khaliq (athlete)
Subedar Abdul Khaliq (Punjabi, Urdu: عبد الخالق; 23 March 1933 – 10 March 1988), also known by his nickname Parinda-e-Asia پرندہ ایشیاء (Urdu for The Flying Bird of Asia), was a Pakistani sprinter. He won 36 international gold medals, 15 international silver medals, and 12 international bronze medals while representing Pakistan, including as a military officer for the 8th Medium Artillery Regiment at military games.

He competed in the 100m, 200m, and 4 x 100 meters relay, representing Pakistan in the 1956 Summer Olympics and 1960 Summer Olympics as well as the 1954 Asian Games and the 1958 Asian Games.