hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bogenhausen
Bogenhausen (German pronunciation: [ˈboːɡn̩haʊzn̩] ⓘ; Central Bavarian: Bognhausn) is the 13th borough of Munich, Germany. It is the geographically the third largest borough of Munich and comprises the city's north-eastern quarter, reaching from the Isar on the eastern side of the Englischer Garten to the city limits, bordering on Unterföhring to the north, Aschheim to the east and the Haidhausen borough to the south. In 1805 the Treaty of Bogenhausen was signed which allied Bavaria to Napoleonic France.

Englischer Garten
The Englischer Garten (German: [ˈɛŋlɪʃɐ ˈɡaʁtn̩], English Garden) is a large public park in the centre of Munich, Bavaria, stretching from the city centre to the northeastern city limits. The creation began in 1789, supervised by Sir Benjamin Thompson (1753–1814), later Count Rumford (Reichsgraf von Rumford), for Prince Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria. Thompson's successors, Reinhard von Werneck (1757–1842) and Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell (1750–1823), advisers on the project from its beginning, both extended and improved the park.

With an area of 3.7 km2 (1.4 sq mi) (370 ha or 910 acres), the Englischer Garten is one of the world's largest urban public parks. The name refers to its English garden form of informal landscape, a style popular in England from the mid-18th century to the early 19th century and particularly associated with Capability Brown.
Root locus analysis
In control theory and stability theory, root locus analysis is a graphical method for examining how the roots of a linear time-invariant (LTI) system change with variation of a certain system parameter, commonly a gain within a feedback system.  This is a technique used as a stability criterion in the field of classical control theory developed by Walter R. Evans which can determine stability of the system.  The root locus plots the poles of the closed loop transfer function in the complex s-plane as a function of a gain parameter (see pole–zero plot).

Evans also invented in 1948 an analog computer to compute root loci, called a "Spirule" (after "spiral" and "slide rule"); it found wide use before the advent of digital computers.

Parameter
A parameter (from Ancient Greek  παρά (pará) 'beside, subsidiary' and  μέτρον (métron) 'measure'), generally, is any characteristic that can help in defining or classifying a particular system (meaning an event, project, object, situation, etc.). That is, a parameter is an element of a system that is useful, or critical, when identifying the system, or when evaluating its performance, status, condition, etc.

Parameter has more specific meanings within various disciplines, including mathematics, computer programming, engineering, statistics, logic, linguistics, and electronic musical composition.

In addition to its technical uses, there are also extended uses, especially in non-scientific contexts, where it is used to mean defining characteristics or boundaries, as in the phrases 'test parameters' or 'game play parameters'.
Alain Lequeux
Alain Lequeux (1947 – 26 April 2006) was one of France's leading jockeys in the 1970s and 1980s. He won 33 Group or Grade 1 races, including the 1981 Washington, D.C. International Stakes aboard Providential for trainer Charlie Whittingham. Son of leading French rider Guy Lequeux, he won more than 2,000 races while riding in France from 1963 to 1992. He won the 1974 Poule d'Essai des Pouliches (Fr-G1) (French One Thousand Guineas) with Dumka, and the 1979 St. Leger Stakes (Eng-G1) with Son of Love (Fr).

A noted gourmet, following his retirement from racing the popular and personable Lequeux owned and operated the Cafe Lequeux in Chantilly not far from the Chantilly Racecourse.

He died in hospital at Senlis, Oise on 26 April 2006 of a cerebral hemorrhage at age 59.

Senlis
Senlis (French pronunciation: [sɑ̃lis] ⓘ) is a commune in the northern French department of Oise, Hauts-de-France.

The monarchs of the early French dynasties lived in Senlis, attracted by the proximity of the Chantilly forest. It is known for its Gothic cathedral and other historical monuments. Its inhabitants are called "Senlisiens" and "Senlisiennes".
Surender Panwar
Surender Panwar (born 1969) is an Indian politician from Haryana. He is an MLA from Sonipat Assembly constituency in Sonipat district. He won the 2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election representing the Indian National Congress. He was nominated to contest the Sonipat seat by the Congress in the 2024 Haryana election, where he lost to Nikhil Madaan of the BJP.

2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly election was held in the Indian state of Haryana on 21 October 2019 to elect all 90 members of the Haryana Legislative Assembly. The final voter turnout was recorded at 68.20%. The results were announced on 24 October 2019.

The Bharatiya Janata Party emerged as the single largest party and formed the government in a post-poll alliance with the Jannayak Janta Party and seven Independent MLAs. BJP's Manohar Lal Khattar and JJP President Dushyant Chautala were sworn in as Chief Minister and Deputy Chief Minister respectively of the BJP-JJP alliance government.

In the previous election in 2014, the Bharatiya Janata Party had won a majority and ended the 10-year rule of the Congress government in the state and Manohar Lal Khattar became the Chief Minister.
Ebenezer Shoobridge
Ebenezer Shoobridge (1820–1901) was an Australian politician. He represented the Electoral district of New Norfolk in the Tasmanian House of Assembly from the 1882 election until he was defeated at the 1886 election.

Shoobridge was born at Maidstone, Kent, England in 1820. His father William Shoobridge moved his family to Van Diemen's Land in 1822, traveling on the Denmark Hill.

Shoobridge was married three times. He married Charlotte Giblin in 1841. She died in January 1879. He then married Annie Paxton (née Bruce) in July 1880. She died in April 1886 and he next married Louisa Caroline Collins-Harvey in August 1886.

Two of Shoobridge's sons later sat in the Tasmanian Parliament. William Shoobridge represented the Labor Party in Franklin and Wilmot in the House of Assembly. Louis Shoobridge Sr. was the independent member for Derwent in the Legislative Council.

Maidstone
Maidstone is the largest town in the county of Kent in South East England, of which it is also the county town. Maidstone is historically important and lies 32 miles (51 km) east-south-east of London. The River Medway runs through the centre of the town, linking it with Rochester and the Thames Estuary. Historically, the river carried much of the town's trade as the centre of the agricultural county of Kent, which is known as the Garden of England. There is evidence of settlement in the area dating back before the Stone Age. The town, part of the borough of Maidstone, had an approximate population of 100,000 in 2019. Since World War II, the town's economy has shifted from heavy industry towards light industry and services.
Hugh Shelly
Hugh Shelly (21 November 1883 – 11 May 1957) was an Irish hurler. His championship career with the Tipperary senior team spanned seventeen years from 1906 until 1923.

Born in Thurles, County Tipperary, Shelly first played competitive hurling with the Thurles Sarsfields club. He established himself on the senior team and won six county senior championship medals between 1904 and 1911.

Shelly first came to prominence on the inter-county scene at the age of 23 when he was selected for the Tipperary senior team. He made his debut during the 1906 championship and quickly became a regular member of the team. In an inter-county career that spanned three decades, Shelly won three All-Ireland medals, beginning with a victory in his debut season in 1906, a second championship title in 1908, and a third and final winners' medal in 1916. He also won six Munster medals. Shelly played his last game for Tipperary during the 1923 championship.

1908 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship 1908 was the 22nd series of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Ireland's premier hurling knock-out competition.  Tipperary won the championship, beating Dublin 3–15 to 1–5 in a replay of  the final.
Betting Control and Licensing Board
Betting Control and Licensing Board (BCLB) governs the authorization of lotteries and prize competition as well as eradication of illegal gambling activities in Kenya. It was established through an Act of Parliament (Chapter 131 Laws of Kenya of 1966). On 1 July 2019,  the Betting Control and Licensing Board postponed renewing the licenses of eight sports betting operators, including Sportpesa, Betin and Betway which controlled 85% of the total betting market in Kenya.

Betway
Betway is a British gambling company founded in 2006. Its product offering includes sports betting, online casino, online poker, and online bingo. Business operations are led from its headquarters in Malta, alongside satellite offices in London, Guernsey, and Cape Town.
1911 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1911 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 25th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.

Macroom were the defending champions.

On 22 October 1911, Lees won the championship following a 2–04 to 0–01 defeat of Nils in the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds. This was their eighth title overall and their second title in succession.

Macroom GAA
Macroom GAA is a Gaelic football and hurling club based in the town and surrounding parish of Macroom in County Cork, Ireland. The club is affiliated with Cork GAA county board and the Muskerry GAA divisional board. The club has been one of the most successful Gaelic football clubs in Cork, having won the Cork Senior Football Championship ten times and having contributed numerous players to Cork GAA football teams.
Nicholas Wareham
Nicholas J. Wareham is a British epidemiologist who researches obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic disorders. He is director of the MRC Epidemiology Unit and co-director of the Institute of Metabolic Science at the University of Cambridge. He is also a Wellcome Trust Senior Fellow in Clinical Science at the University of Cambridge, the director of the University's Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), and the co-leader of the University's Aetiology of Diabetes and Related Metabolic Disorders Programme. He was educated at St Thomas's Hospital Medical School and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Before joining the faculty at Cambridge, he worked at Harvard University.

Metabolic disorder
A metabolic disorder is a disorder that negatively alters the body's processing and distribution of macronutrients, such as proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Metabolic disorders can happen when abnormal chemical reactions in the body alter the normal metabolic process. It can also be defined as inherited single gene anomaly, most of which are autosomal recessive.
Mardore
Mardore (French pronunciation: [maʁdɔʁ]) is a former commune in the Rhône department in Rhône-Alpes region in eastern France.

On 1 January 2013, Mardore and four other communes merged becoming one commune called Thizy-les-Bourgs.

Rhône-Alpes
Rhône-Alpes (French pronunciation: [ʁon alp] ⓘ) was an administrative region of France. Since 1 January 2016, it is part of the new region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. It is located on the eastern border of the country, towards the south. The region was named after the river Rhône and the Alps mountain range. Its capital, Lyon, is the second-largest metropolitan area in France after Paris. Rhône-Alpes has the sixth-largest economy of any European region.
Icotrokinra
Icotrokinra (tentative brand name Icotyde, developmental codes JNJ-77242113, PN-235, JNJ-2113) is an investigational peptide drug that functions as a selective interleukin 23 (IL-23) receptor antagonist. It is being developed by Johnson & Johnson as an oral treatment for autoimmune disorders, including plaque psoriasis and ulcerative colitis.

As of 2025, icotrokinra is under regulatory review by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adults and adolescents aged 12 years and older. In September 2025, Johnson & Johnson also submitted a Marketing Authorization Application to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the same indication.

Interleukin 23
Interleukin 23 (IL-23) is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of an IL-12B (IL-12p40) subunit (which is shared with IL-12) and an IL-23A (IL-23p19) subunit. IL-23 is part of the IL-12 family of cytokines. The functional receptor for IL-23 (the IL-23 receptor) consists of a heterodimer between IL-12Rβ1 and IL-23R.
Nanthoor
Nanthoor is a locality in the city of Mangalore, Karnataka, India. It is one of the busiest junctions in Mangalore. It is the junction of two national highways. Karnataka's longest national highway (NH 169) starts from Nanthoor Junction. It is close to Lotus Mall, one of biggest malls in India. Nanthoor is one of the commercial centres of Mangalore. Westline Signature, the tallest under-construction building of South India, with 53 floors, is located here. It is also known as Silk Board junction of Mangalore due to traffic congestion which occurs most of the time.

Silk Board junction
12°55′01″N 77°37′23″E﻿ / ﻿12.917°N 77.623°E﻿ / 12.917; 77.623

The Central Silk Board junction, commonly known as the Silk Board junction, is a road junction in Bengaluru, India. Located adjacent to the Central Silk Board office complex near BTM Layout at the intersection of Hosur Road and Outer Ring Road, the junction is known for its bottleneck traffic congestion as it is one of the busiest intersections in India.
K–12
K–12 (from kindergarten to twelfth grade) is an English language expression that indicates the range of years of publicly supported primary and secondary education found in the United States and Canada, which is similar to publicly supported school grades before tertiary education in several other countries, such as  Armenia, Australia, China, Ecuador, Egypt, India, Iran, the Philippines, South Korea, and Turkey. K–12 refers to the American system which affords authority to local intersectional "districts" which may be specific to a municipality, county, or several regions, depending on population and proximity.

Education in South Korea
Education in South Korea is provided by both public schools and private schools with government funding available for both. South Korea is known for its high academic performance in reading, mathematics, and science, consistently ranking above the OECD average. South Korean education sits at ninth place in the world. Higher education is highly valued. People believe doing well in school helps them move up in society and have better jobs.

The education system in South Korea is known for being very strict and competitive. Students are expected to get into top universities, especially the "SKY" universities (Seoul National University, Korea University and Yonsei University). While this focus has helped the nation's economy grow and boost the rate of education of its people, the issues that arise from this has left much up for debate.
Hurricane Jane
"Hurricane Jane" is a song by American indie rock band Black Kids. It was released as the second single from their debut album Partie Traumatic in the UK by Almost Gold Recordings on June 23, 2008. A demo version of the song appeared on the band's 2007 EP Wizard of Ahhhs. It also featured as the soundtrack of Konami game, Pro Evolution Soccer 2010.

The chorus lyric "it's Friday night and I ain't got nobody" is borrowed from Sam Cooke's song "Another Saturday Night", which has the lyric "another Saturday night and I ain't got nobody."

Another Saturday Night
"Another Saturday Night" is a 1963 hit single by Sam Cooke from the album Ain't That Good News. The song was written by Cooke while touring in England when staying in a hotel where no female guests were allowed.  It reached No. 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was No. 1 on the R&B chart for a single week.  In the UK, the song peaked at No. 23 on the UK Singles Chart. In Canada it reached No. 30.

Cooke's version featured his spoken recitation, which is done during the instrumental break.

Session drummer Hal Blaine played on Cooke's version of the song. Other musicians on the record included John Anderson on trumpet, John Ewing on trombone, Jewell Grant on sax, Ray Johnson on piano, and Clifton White and Rene Hall on guitar, and Clifford Hills on bass.

Cash Box described it as "a tale of a guy who’s got the money, but not the gal to spend it on," stating that "the teen set won’t take the deck seriously, but will find it a highly pleasurable listening/dance floor treat."
2010 Welsh Cup final
The 2010 Welsh Cup final was the final of the 124th season of the main domestic football cup competition in Wales, the Welsh Cup. The final was played at Parc y Scarlets in Llanelli on 1 May 2010 and marked the second time the final has been staged at the stadium. The match was contested by Port Talbot Town, who beat Bala Town 1–0 in their semi-final, and Bangor City who beat Prestatyn Town 2–0 in their semi-final.

Welsh Premier League side Port Talbot Town were contesting a Welsh Cup final for the first time in their history. While it is Bangor City's 14th appearance in the final, who were looking to make history as the first North Wales club to win three consecutive Welsh Cups in 100 years.

Port Talbot Town F.C.
Port Talbot Town Football Club (Welsh: Clwb Pêl Droed Port Talbot) is a Welsh football club from Port Talbot. It was founded in 1901 as Port Talbot Athletic, one of the first clubs in the country. The club plays in the South Wales Premier League, and is based at Victoria Road.
Regio I Porta Capena
The Regio I Porta Capena is the first regio of imperial Rome, under Augustus's administrative reform. Regio I took its name from the Porta Capena ("Gate to Capua"), a gate of the Servian Walls, through which the Appian Way entered the city prior to the construction of the Aurelian Walls.

Servian Wall
The Servian Wall (Latin: Murus Servii Tullii; Italian: Mura Serviane) is an ancient Roman defensive barrier constructed around the city of Rome in the early 4th century BC. The wall was built of volcanic tuff and was up to 10 m (33 ft) in height in places, 3.6 m (12 ft) wide at its base, 11 km (6.8 mi) long, and is believed to have had 16 main gates, of which only one or two have survived, and enclosed a total area of 246 hectares (610 acres).  In the 3rd century AD it was superseded by the construction of the larger Aurelian Walls as the city of Rome grew beyond the boundary of the Servian Wall.
Berberocarum
Berberocarum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apiaceae. It includes a single species, Berberocarum atlanticum, which is endemic to the High Atlas of Morocco. It is an herbaceous perennial which grows which grows 5 to 20 cm tall, with a compact caudex and a taproot.

The species was first described as Meum atlanticum in 1919 by Jules Aimé Battandier, who attributed the name to Ernest Saint-Charles Cosson. In 1928 René Verriet de Litardière and René Charles Joseph Ernest Maire placed in genus Carum as Carum atlanticum. A morphological and phylogenetic study by Zakharova et al. published in 2021 concluded that the species was distinct from other species in Carum, and the authors placed it in the new monotypic genus Berberocarum as Berberocarum atlanticum.

Apiaceae
Apiaceae (/ˌeɪpiˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ ⓘ), also called Umbelliferae, is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus Apium, and commonly known as the celery, carrot, or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,800 species in about 446 genera, including such well-known, and economically important plants as ajwain, angelica, anise, asafoetida, caraway, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, lovage, cow parsley, parsley, parsnip and sea holly, as well as silphium, a plant whose exact identity is unclear and which may be extinct.

The family Apiaceae includes a significant number of phototoxic species, such as giant hogweed, and a smaller number of highly poisonous species, such as poison hemlock, water hemlock, spotted cowbane, fool's parsley, and various species of water dropwort.
Francis Shelmerdine
Lieutenant Colonel Sir Francis Claude Shelmerdine CIE, OBE, FRAeS (25 October 1881 – July 1945) was a senior officer in the Royal Flying Corps during the First World War and a civil servant working in connection with civil aviation in the post-war years. Most significantly, he was Director-General of Civil Aviation during the 1930s.

Order of the Indian Empire
The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria on 1 January 1878. The Order includes members of three classes:

Knight Grand Commander (GCIE)

Knight Commander (KCIE)

Companion (CIE)

Appointments terminated after 1947, the year that British India became the independent Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan. With the death of the last surviving knight, the Maharaja Meghrajji III of Dhrangadhra, the order became dormant in 2010.
The motto of the Order is Imperatricis auspiciis, (Latin for "Under the auspices of the Empress"), a reference to Queen Victoria, the first Empress of India. The Order is the junior British order of chivalry associated with the British Indian Empire; the senior one is The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India.
Prathyartha
Prathyartha is a 1999 Kannada suspense-thriller film directed by Sunil Kumar Desai featuring Ramesh Aravind, Raghuvaran, Girish Karnad and Sudeep in the lead roles. The film features background score composed by Ilaiyaraaja. The concept of this movie is based on  the 1995 movie Nick of Time.

Raghuvaran
Raghuvaran Velayuthan Nair (11 December 1958 – 19 March 2008) was an Indian actor who predominantly acted in films made in South India. He has acted in more than 200 Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada and Hindi films. According to the Hindustan Times, "the actor had carved a niche for himself with his special style and voice modulation."

He played the protagonist of a Tamil soap opera, Oru Manithanin Kathai, about a well-to-do man who becomes an alcoholic. He received critical acclaim for his role as Father Alphonso in the Malayalam movie Daivathinte Vikruthikal, directed by Lenin Rajendran and based on M. Mukundan's novel of the same name.

Raghuvaran's six-song music album, composed and sung by him, were officially released by actor Rajinikanth and the album was received by actress Rohini and Raghuvaran's son Rishi Varan.
The Sword of Liberty
The Sword of Liberty is a 2017 Indian documentary film directed by Shiny Benjamin. It follows the story of Veluthampi Dalava, a 19th-century Travancore leader who resisted British colonial rule. The documentary features Manju Warrier and was released via social media. It has won multiple awards, including the National Award for Best Historical Film and Best Music in the Non-Feature Film section at the 65th National Film Awards The film is produced by RC Suresh and its music was composed by Ramesh Narayanan, who also received a National Award for his work.

65th National Film Awards
The 65th National Film Awards ceremony was an event during which the Directorate of Film Festivals presented its annual National Film Awards to honour the best films of 2017 in Indian cinema. The awards were announced on 13 April 2018. The award ceremony was held on 3 May 2018.