hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Irrelevant ideal
In mathematics, the irrelevant ideal is the ideal of a graded ring generated by the homogeneous elements of degree greater than zero. It corresponds to the origin in the affine space, which cannot be mapped to a point in the projective space. More generally, a homogeneous ideal of a graded ring is called an irrelevant ideal if its radical contains the irrelevant ideal.

The terminology arises from the connection with algebraic geometry. If R = k[x0, ..., xn] (a multivariate polynomial ring in n+1 variables over an algebraically closed field k) is graded with respect to degree, there is a bijective correspondence between projective algebraic sets in projective n-space over k and homogeneous, radical ideals of R not equal to the irrelevant ideal; this is known as the projective Nullstellensatz. More generally, for an arbitrary graded ring R, the Proj construction disregards all irrelevant ideals of R.

Algebraically closed field
In mathematics, a field F is algebraically closed if every non-constant polynomial with coefficients in F has a root in F. In other words, a field is algebraically closed if the fundamental theorem of algebra holds for it.  For example, the field of real numbers is not algebraically closed because the polynomial  has no real roots, while the field of complex numbers is algebraically closed.

Every field  is contained in an algebraically closed field  and the roots in  of the polynomials with coefficients in  form an algebraically closed field called an algebraic closure of  Given two algebraic closures of  there are isomorphisms between them that fix the elements of

Algebraically closed fields appear in the following chain of class inclusions:

rngs ⊃ rings ⊃ commutative rings ⊃  integral domains ⊃ integrally closed domains ⊃ GCD domains ⊃ unique factorization domains ⊃ principal ideal domains ⊃ euclidean domains ⊃ fields ⊃ algebraically closed fields
Beyond the Labyrinth
Beyond the Labyrinth (ラビリンスの彼方, Rabirinsu no Kanata) is a dungeon crawler role-playing video game developed by tri-Ace and published by Konami for the Nintendo 3DS handheld video game console. The game revolves around a group of players who have begun playing an online multiplayer game, only to find themselves thrust into a world completely different from theirs. They encounter a girl who has become trapped in this world's Labyrinth, and the two parties must work together to find a way out.

Beyond the Labyrinth has been described as having graphical similarities to the game Ico. The game's combat system blends real-time and action-based gameplay elements together. The soundtrack of the game is composed by Motoi Sakuraba. The game features two well-known voice actors, Haruka Tomatsu and Takehito Koyasu.

Dungeon crawl
A dungeon crawl is a type of scenario in fantasy role-playing games (RPGs) in which heroes navigate a labyrinth environment (a "dungeon"), battling various monsters, avoiding traps, solving puzzles, and looting any treasure they may find. Video games and board games which predominantly feature dungeon crawl elements are considered to be a genre.
Hüseyin Pasha Boljanić
Hüseyin Pasha Boljanić[a] (Turkish: Bodur Hüseyin Paşa, "the Short"; died 1595) was an Ottoman statesman and government official who served many high-level positions in the Ottoman Empire, including governorship of Bosnia (1594–95), of Damascus (1582–83), of Diyarbekir, of Budin, of Aleppo, of Van, of Anatolia, and of Egypt (1573–74).

Van Eyalet
The Van Eyalet (Ottoman Turkish: ایالت وان, romanized: Eyālet-i Vān) was an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire. The capital was Van. It was formed in 1548 as one of the Beylerbeyliks of the Ottoman Empire. Its reported area in the 19th century was 9,616 square miles (24,910 km2).

It included territory in Western Armenia (now the Eastern Anatolia region in Turkey) as well as a small part of present-day Iran (the Sanjak of Sero, today in Urmia County).
Onesimus (Bostonian)
Onesimus (late 1600s–1700s) was an African (likely Akan) man who was instrumental in the mitigation of smallpox in Boston, Massachusetts.

He introduced his enslaver, Puritan clergyman Cotton Mather, to the principle and procedure of the variolation method of inoculation, which prevented smallpox and laid the foundation for the development of vaccines.

After a smallpox outbreak began in Boston in 1721, Mather proliferated Onesimus's knowledge to advocate for inoculation in the population. This practice eventually spread to other colonies.

Recognition for Onesimus's contributions to medical science came in 2016, when the Boston magazine declared him among the 100 Best Bostonians of All Time. Historian Ted Widmer of CUNY's Macaulay Honors College noted that "Onesimus reversed many of [the colonists'] traditional racial assumptions... [h]e had a lot more knowledge medically than most of the Europeans in Boston at that time."

William E. Macaulay Honors College
William E. Macaulay Honors College, commonly referred to as Macaulay Honors College or Macaulay, is the honors college of the City University of New York (CUNY) system in New York City. It was founded in 2001 as CUNY Honors College.
Sam Franklyn Gibson
Sam Franklyn Gibson commonly known as Bode Gibson (born October 15, 1952) is a Sierra Leonean politician who served as Mayor of Freetown 2012 until 2018. He is a veteran politician and a prominent member of the ruling All People's Congress (APC).

Before he was elected as Mayor of Freetown, Bode Gibson served as an elected councillor in the Freetown City Council municipality, representing Wilberforce. He is a teacher by profession.

In the 2012 Local Councils elections, Bode Gibson was elected as Mayor of Freetown with 68.56% of the vote, defeating his main opponent Abraham Sesay-Jones of the Sierra Leone People's Party, who took 28.75%. He was sworn in as the Mayor of Freetown on December 20, 2012. His inauguration ceremony as Mayor of Freetown was attended by some senior Sierra Leonean politicians, including President Ernest Bai Koroma.

Wilberforce, Sierra Leone
Wilberforce is a neighborhood in the West End of Freetown, Sierra Leone. It is home to the Wilberforce military barracks, one of the largest in the country and the main barracks of the Sierra Leone military.

Wilberforce is also home to several foreign embassies, including China, Gambia, Germany, Liberia, Lebanon, Libya, Syria, and Austria.
Elizabeth Tower, Manchester
Elizabeth Tower is a 153-metre (501 ft), 52-storey residential skyscraper in Manchester, England, developed by Renaker. The building is part of the first phase of the Crown Street development area at the southern end of Deansgate in the city centre, behind the Deansgate Square skyscraper cluster and adjacent to The Blade skyscraper. It was designed by SimpsonHaugh architects and as of January 2026 is the ninth-tallest building in Greater Manchester.

SimpsonHaugh
SimpsonHaugh (formerly Ian Simpson Architects) is an English architecture practice established in 1987 by Ian Simpson and Rachel Haugh. The practice has offices in London and Manchester. In 2014, the practice re-branded as SimpsonHaugh & Partners.
Moloko language
Moloko (Məlokwo) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in northern Cameroon.

The highly endangered Baka is either a dialect or a closely related language.

The Melokwo (8,500 speakers) traditionally inhabit the Moloko massif, an inselberg isolated in the plain, east of the Mandara Mountains, between the Mayo-Mangafé River and Mayo-Ranéo River. They live in the village of Mokyo and the surrounding areas of Makalingay canton, Tokombéré arrondissement, Mayo-Sava department.

According to local oral history, the Moloko communities are made up of three distinct ethnic groups, rather than a singular one. During the Fulani invasions of the 19th century, these groups sought refuge near the Moloko mountain, where they would eventually come to speak the same language.

Tokombéré
Tokombéré is a town and commune in Cameroon. The town has approximately 10,000 inhabitants and the commune approximately 80,000. Surrounded by rocky hills, Tokombéré is a crossroads for multiple ethnic groups, including the Mada, Muyang, and Zulgo tribes. The town's religious makeup is nearly equal among Christians, Muslims, and animists. The town's development began in large part with the arrival of a priest from southern Cameroon, Baba Simon, in 1959. The Catholic mission remains an important and central location in Tokombéré, with its hospital, high school, elementary school, women's center, youth center, farmer's center, and more.
Darlington Collection
The Darlington Collection is extensive collection of rare documents, maps, and other historical material focusing on early American history, particularly that of Western Pennsylvania. The original material is housed by the Archives Services Center (ASC) of the library of the University of Pittsburgh with digitized material available at the Darlington Digital Library. The collection was inherited by Darlington's daughters Mary O'Hara Darlington and Edith Darlington. The donation of the collection was first given to the University of Pittsburgh in 1918. The rest of the collection was donated in 1925.

Archives Service Center
The Archives Service Center (ASC) is one of the main repositories within the University Library System at the University of Pittsburgh and houses collections of various manuscripts, media, maps, and other materials of historical, social, and scientific content. It houses and functions as the repository for collections that document and describe the history of the Western Pennsylvania region, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, the city of Pittsburgh, and the University of Pittsburgh.
Sri Ramakrishna Math, Lucknow
Sri Ramakrishna Math, Lucknow is a monastic organisation for men created by Ramakrishna (1836–1886), a 19th-century saint of Bengal. The motto of the Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission is: "For one's own salvation, and for the welfare of the world". It contains idols of Ramakrishna, Swami Vivekananda and Holy Mother Sarada Devi.

Monasticism
Monasticism (from Ancient Greek  μοναχός (monakhós) 'solitary, monastic'; from  μόνος (mónos) 'alone'), also called monachism or monkhood, is a religious way of life in which one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual activities. Monastic life plays an important role in many Christian churches, especially in the Catholic, Orthodox and Anglican traditions as well as in other faiths such as Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism. In other religions, monasticism is generally criticized and not practiced, as in Islam and Zoroastrianism; or plays a marginal role, as in modern Judaism.

Many monastics live in abbeys, convents, monasteries, or priories to separate themselves from the secular world, unless they are in mendicant or missionary orders.
Ryōtan-ji (Hamamatsu)
Ryōtan-ji (龍潭寺) is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Myōshin-ji branch of the  Rinzai school of Japanese Zen. located in Hamana-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is the head temple of one of fourteen autonomous branches of the Rinzai school. Its main image is a hibutsu statue of Kokūzō Bosatsu. The temple, including its famed Japanese garden is not open to the general public.

Hibutsu
Hibutsu (秘仏; 'hidden Buddhas') are Japanese Buddhist icons or statues concealed from public view. Hibutsu are generally located within Buddhist temples in shrines called zushi (厨子; "miniature shrines"). They are unavailable for viewing or worship except for certain religious ceremonies. It is possible in some cases for the hibutsu to be viewed in exchange for an offering to the temple. Some hibutsu, such as the wooden statue of Gautama Buddha at Seiryō-ji or the Amida statuary at Zenkō-ji, are almost never displayed, even to initiates of the temples in which they are held (such examples are called zettai hibutsu). Others are put on public display rarely, in a ceremony called kaichō (開帳; "opening the curtain").
American Momentum Bank
American Momentum Bank started in 2006 as the largest startup market capitalization of any financial institution in Florida state history with $100 million in start-up capital.

American Momentum Bank is headquartered in College Station, Texas. American Momentum Bank is also a mortgage lender and a regional leader in online banking. They acquired LandMark Bank of Florida and Southshore Community Bank in 2011. In 2012, they completed their acquisition of Brazos Valley Bank in College Station, Texas and switched to a national bank charter.

Market capitalization
Market capitalization, sometimes referred to as market cap, is the total value of a publicly traded company's outstanding common shares owned by stockholders.

Market capitalization is equal to the market price per common share multiplied by the number of common shares outstanding.
Victoria Square, London
Victoria Square is a small, rectangular garden square in Westminster, Greater London, beginning some 50 metres south of the remaining stables of the Royal Mews (on the large green block taken up by Buckingham Palace) and 150 metres north of Victoria bus station, which stands in front of Victoria Station.  It has a statue of the young Queen Victoria.

The main wing of the Goring Hotel separates the square from an almost identical-size space between buildings, as private gardens for the hotel. This is backed by one road, not four roads with parking and sets of pavements.

Most of the Victoria and Belgravia area is part of the Duke of Westminster's Grosvenor Estate as to minor, overarching legal interests, especially the open spaces and the valuable freehold of shops. This square is such an instance, which has a lasting influence on local planning policy. However, most of the freeholds have been sold, sometimes facilitated by leasehold reform under the Leasehold Reform Act 1967.

Victoria bus station
Victoria bus station is a bus station outside London Victoria station. It is managed only by Transport for London. In 1970, work commenced on a substantial roof canopy. This was demolished in April 2003 as part of the station's refurbishment.

Routes 3, 38, 52 and 390 terminate within the bus station while others pass through. Many other routes pass by on adjoining streets but do not enter the bus station.

In January 2020, Victoria BID – the local Business improvement district – proposed removing the bus station from the mainline station forecourt to create a new "Station Square". Bus stops would be relocated to nearby streets.
Iron(II) selenide
Iron(II) selenide refers to a number of inorganic compounds of ferrous iron and selenide (Se2−). The phase diagram of the system Fe–Se reveals the existence of several non-stoichiometric phases between ~49 at. % Se and ~53 at. % Fe, and temperatures up to ~450 °C. The low temperature stable phases are the tetragonal PbO-structure (P4/nmm) β-Fe1−xSe and α-Fe7Se8. The high temperature phase is the hexagonal, NiAs structure (P63/mmc) δ-Fe1−xSe. Iron(II) selenide occurs naturally as the NiAs-structure mineral achavalite.

More selenium rich iron selenide phases are the γ phases (γ and γˈ), assigned the Fe3Se4 stoichiometry, and FeSe2, which occurs as the marcasite-structure natural mineral ferroselite, or the rare pyrite-structure mineral dzharkenite.

It is used in electrical semiconductors.

Phase diagram
A phase diagram in physical chemistry, engineering, mineralogy, and materials science is a type of chart used to show conditions (pressure, temperature,  etc.) at which thermodynamically distinct phases (such as solid, liquid or gaseous states) occur and coexist at equilibrium.
Katsuyuki Kondō
Katsuyuki Kondō (近藤 勝之, Kondō Katsuyuki) is a Japanese martial artist. He  received Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu Kyōju Dairi from Tokimune Takeda in 1974.  Kondo is an authority on jujutsu and calligraphy.

In 1988, Takeda Tokimune appointed Kondo Katsuyuki, then the head of all Tokyo Daito-ryu Aikibudo Branches, to be both Representative of the Headmaster (soke dairi) and Director of the Overseas Headquarters (kaigai hombucho) in regard to Daito-ryu Aikibudo. That same year, Tokimune granted Kondo the menkyo kaiden (license of full transmission) certificate in Daito-ryu Aikijujutsu, thus formally passing on the Main Line Daito-ryu tradition.

Japanese martial arts
Japanese martial arts refers to the variety of martial arts native to the country of Japan. At least three Japanese terms (budō, bujutsu, and bugei) are used interchangeably with the English phrase Japanese martial arts.

The usage of the term budō (武道) to mean martial arts is a modern one: historically the term meant a way of life encompassing physical, spiritual and moral dimensions with a focus on self-improvement, fulfillment or personal growth. The terms bujutsu (武術) and bugei (武芸) have different meanings from budō, at least historically speaking. Bujutsu refers specifically to the practical application of martial tactics and techniques in actual combat. Bugei refers to the adaptation or refinement of those tactics and techniques to facilitate systematic instruction and dissemination within a formal learning environment.
Juan Notz
Juan Notz (born 21 October 1939) is a Venezuelan former tennis player.

Notz made his only Davis Cup appearance for Venezuela in his birth city of Caracas, against Ecuador in 1963. He lost the opening rubber of the tie to Eduardo Zuleta, before teaming up with Isaías Pimentel in the doubles to defeat Zuleta and Pancho Guzmán. In the reverse singles he won a dead rubber over Guzman in four sets.

A two-time doubles medalist at the Central American and Caribbean Games, Notz also represented Venezuela in two editions of the Pan American Games, in 1959 and 1963.

Central American and Caribbean Games
The Central American and Caribbean Games (CAC or CACGs) are a multi-sport regional championship event, held quadrennial (once every four years), typically in the middle (even) year between Summer Olympics. The games are for 32 countries and five territories in Central America, the Caribbean (Caribbean Countries), Mexico, and the South American Caribbean countries of Colombia, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.

The games are overseen by Centro Caribe Sports (formerly CACSO). They are designed to provide a step between sub-CACG-region Games held the first year following a Summer Olympics (e.g. Central American Games) and the Continental Championships, the Pan American Games, held the year before the Summer Olympics.

The last Games were held in San Salvador between 23 June to 8 July 2023. The next Games will be held in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic as main host in 2026.
Tere Mere Beech Mein
"Tere Mere Beech Mein" (transl. Between You and Me) is a song from the 1981 Hindi film Ek Duuje Ke Liye, starring Kamal Haasan and Rati Agnihotri. The song was composed by Laxmikant–Pyarelal. Anand Bakshi was the lyricist of this song and he won a Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist award for penning it. The song was sung by Lata Mangeshkar and S. P. Balasubrahmanyam. Britney Spears' 2003 single "Toxic" samples some of the song.

Rati Agnihotri
Rati Agnihotri (born 10 December 1960) is an Indian actress, known for acting in Hindi, as well as in Telugu and Tamil language films. Her roles in the cult-tragedy Ek Duuje Ke Liye (1981) and the drama film Tawaif (1985) earned her two nominations for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress.
William Farmiloe
Christianity portal

William Thomas Farmiloe (15 September 1863 – 4 July 1946) was Archdeacon of Sudbury from 1921 until 1930.

Farmiloe was educated at Queens' College, Cambridge and Ely Theological College. He was ordained in 1887 and served curacies at St Mary's, Barnes and St James's, Piccadilly. He was Vicar of St Peter, Great Windmill Street, Piccadilly from 1894 to 1905; of St Augustine, Victoria Park, London from 1905 to 1909; and of Nayland, Suffolk from 1909 to 1914. He was Canon Missioner of the Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich from 1914 to 1930; and Chaplain of All Saints, Rome from 1930 to 1933.

Farmiloe married his wife, the children's book writer and illustrator Edith Farmiloe, in 1891.

St Mary's Church, Barnes
St Mary's Church, Barnes, is the parish church of Barnes, formerly in Surrey and now in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames.  It is a Grade II* listed building.

St Mary's Barnes is a thriving Christian community with an electoral roll of 250 and strong links across the local community. Along with the parishes of St Michael and All Angels, Barnes and Holy Trinity Barnes it forms the Barnes Team Ministry; the current Team Rector is The Rev'd Calum Zuckert.
Acromyrmex laticeps
Acromyrmex laticeps is a species of leaf-cutter ant, a New World ant of the subfamily Myrmicinae of the genus Acromyrmex. This species is from one of the two genera of advanced attines (fungus-growing ants) within the tribe Attini.

Myrmicinae
Myrmicinae is a subfamily of ants, with about 140 extant genera; their distribution is cosmopolitan. The pupae lack cocoons. Some species retain a functional sting. The petioles of Myrmicinae consist of two nodes. The nests are permanent and in soil, rotting wood, under stones, or in trees. All species of Cephalotes (within the tribe Attini) are gliding ants.
Larry Russell (bassist)
Larry Russell (born 1950 in Manhattan) is a New York City-based performing musician, recording producer, audio engineer, and composer. He achieved national recognition for his collaborations with Billy Joel.

Ear-Piercing Punk
Ear-Piercing Punk is a compilation album issued in both LP and CD formats of obscure 1960s garage rock that was originally released on AIP Records in the late 1970s. As discussed on the AIP Records website and in reviews of the album during its initial release, the album was given the name "Ear-Piercing Punk" to try to market or turn this music, now often referred to as proto punk, on to kids just getting into punk rock for the first time as a result of the 1970s punk explosion. The purpose of the album was to show that punk had existed for quite a number of years prior to the generally accepted mainstream use of the term to define bands such as the Ramones, Sex Pistols and The Clash.
1950 Wilkes 200
The 1950 Wilkes 200 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on September 24, 1950 (1950-09-24), at North Wilkesboro Speedway in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina.

Due to the mostly informal nature of the NASCAR organization during the early 1950s, certain records like the number of laps completed under a caution flag and the amount of time it took to complete the race were never placed in the league's archives. Lee Petty, Lloyd Moore and Dick Linder mathematically eliminated themselves from the championship by not taking part in this race.

North Wilkesboro, North Carolina
North Wilkesboro is a town in Wilkes County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 4,131 at the 2020 US Census. North Wilkesboro is the birthplace and original home of Lowe's Home Improvement, which continues to have a major presence in the community. The town is also known as one of the birthplaces of the sport of stock-car racing, and the North Wilkesboro Speedway was the first NASCAR-sanctioned track. Due to the town's proximity to the nearby Blue Ridge Mountains and its numerous tourist venues, North Wilkesboro has been nicknamed the "Key to the Blue Ridge".
Skowhegan Free Public Library
The Skowhegan Free Public Library is the public library of Skowhegan, Maine.  It is located at 9 Elm Street, in an architecturally significant Queen Anne brick building designed by Edwin E. Lewis and completed in 1890.  The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.  The library is managed by the Bloomfield Academy Trustees.

Skowhegan, Maine
Skowhegan (/skaʊˈhiːɡən/) is the county seat of Somerset County, Maine, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the town population was 8,620. It contains the census-designated place of the same name. Every August, Skowhegan hosts the annual Skowhegan State Fair, the oldest continuously held state fair in the United States. Skowhegan was originally inhabited by the indigenous Abenaki people who named the area Skowhegan, meaning "watching place [for fish]," and were mostly dispersed by the end of the 4th Anglo-Abenaki War.