hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Die Liga – Fußballverband
Die Liga – Fußballverband e.V. (sometimes stylised as DIE LIGA – Fußballverband e.V.), or simply Die Liga – Fußballverband ("The League – Football Association"), and often shortened to Ligaverband ("League Association"), is the parent company of the Deutsche Fußball Liga. The Ligaverband is an association of the 36 German professional football clubs (or their companies) that partake in the Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga, which represents their interests, especially against the German Football Association (Deutscher Fußball-Bund, DFB).

Vorstand
In German corporate  governance, a Vorstand is the executive board of a corporation (public limited company). It is hierarchically subordinate to the supervisory board (Aufsichtsrat), as German company law imposes a two-tier board of directors.

German law confers executive powers on the executive board as a body. It is expected to act collectively and collegially. Unlike the executive committee (a.k.a. operating committee or executive council) of a U.S. or UK company, the executive board is not an adjunct of the CEO (managing director). In contrast to Japanese corporate governance, the German executive board has real decision-making power. It is, by law, the managing body of a company and cannot be instructed by any legal person, be they natural or artificial, to act in such a way as to harm the business. Executive board members are personally liable for accepting any such instructions.
Optical jukebox
An optical jukebox is a robotic data storage device that can automatically load and unload optical discs from drives, such as CD, DVD, Blu-ray, or UDO to provide terabytes (TB) or petabytes (PB) of tertiary storage. Such systems are also called optical disk libraries, optical storage archives, robotic drives, disc changers, or autochangers. Jukeboxes can fit hundreds of discs in a desktop or 5U carousel box or thousands in a full-rack cabinet, and usually have a picking device that traverses the slots and drives. Arrangement of the slots and picking devices affects performance and maintenance costs, depending on the robotics design, the space between a disk and the picking device, and number of drives. Seek times and transfer rates vary depending upon the drive used.

Similar systems exist using other media, such as the magnetic cassette-based tape library.

Rack unit
A rack unit (abbreviated U or RU) is a unit of measure defined as 1+3⁄4 inches (44.45 mm). It is most frequently used as a measurement of the overall height of 19-inch and 23-inch rack frames, as well as the height of equipment that mounts in these frames, whereby the height of the frame or equipment is expressed as multiples of rack units. For example, a typical full-size rack cage is 42U high, while equipment is typically 1U, 2U, 3U, or 4U high.
Suicide of Walery Sławek
On 2 April 1939, Walery Sławek, a prominent Sanation politician, close associate of Józef Piłsudski, three-time Prime Minister of the Second Polish Republic, and key architect of the April Constitution, shot himself in the mouth with a pistol in his Warsaw apartment.

Sławek did not die immediately; efforts were made to save him, but he succumbed the following morning in a hospital. In his farewell letter, he did not disclose the reasons for his suicide, leaving the motives subject to ongoing speculation and conjecture.

Janusz Jędrzejewicz
Janusz Jędrzejewicz (Polish pronunciation: [ˈjanuʂ jɛnd.ʐɛˈjɛvit͡ʂ]; 21 June 1885 – 16  March 1951) was a Polish politician and educator, one of the leaders of the Sanacja political group, and 24th Prime Minister of Poland from 1933 to 1934.
Antsi language
The Antsi (Anchi) language or Mag-antsi (also Mag-Anchi Ayta) is a Sambalic language with around 4,200 speakers. It is spoken within Philippine Aeta communities in the Zambal municipalities of Botolan, San Marcelino, and Castillejos; in the Tarlaqueño municipalities of Capas and Bamban; in Mabalacat, Pampanga; and in Angeles City. The use of the language is declining as its speakers are shifting to Kapampangan or Ilocano. The language is mutually intelligible with Mag-Indi Ayta (77%) and Ambala Ayta (65%).

Mabalacat
Mabalacat, officially Mabalacat City, is a component city in the province of Pampanga, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 306,594 people.

Mabalacat is in the urban core of Metro Clark, also known as Metro Angeles, an urban area in Pampanga. This area is considered the industrial and residential heartland of Central Luzon. Metro Clark is also identified as a regional center by the national government.
Florence Price
Florence Beatrice Price (née Smith; April 9, 1887 – June 3, 1953) was an American classical composer, pianist, organist and music teacher. Born in Little Rock, Arkansas, Price was educated at the New England Conservatory of Music, and was active in Chicago from 1927 until her death in 1953. Price is noted as the first African-American woman to be recognized as a symphonic composer, and the first to have a composition played by a major orchestra. Price composed over 300 works: four symphonies, four concertos, as well as choral works, art songs, chamber music and music for solo instruments. In 2009, a substantial collection of her works and papers was found in her abandoned summer home.

Organist
An organist is a musician who plays any type of organ. An organist may play solo organ works, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers or instrumental soloists. In addition, an organist may accompany congregational hymn-singing and play liturgical music.
Pistilli
Pistilli is an Italian-language surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Gene Pistilli, American songwriter

Luigi Pistilli, Italian actor

Matthew Pistilli,  Canadian professional ice hockey player

Marie Pistilli and Pasquale (Pat) Pistilli , originators of the Design Automation Conference

Vicente Pistilli, Paraguayan academic

Design Automation Conference
DAC, The Chips to Systems Conference (previously known as the Design Automation Conference) is an annual event that combines a technical conference with a trade show. It focuses on semiconductor and electronic system design, covering topics such as electronic design automation (EDA),  artificial intelligence (AI) hardware and AI-driven algorithms for hardware design, system on chip (SoC) architecture, low-power electronics, design for manufacturability (DFM), hardware security,  physical design, IP cores, chiplets, and embedded systems.
HMS Southampton
Six Royal Navy ships have borne the name HMS Southampton. All were named after Southampton, a port on the south coast of England.

HMS Southampton (1693) was a 48-gun fourth rate launched in 1693. The ship was rebuilt in 1700, hulked at Jamaica in 1728 and finally broken up in 1771.

HMS Southampton (1757) was a 32-gun fifth rate launched in 1757, and wrecked in 1812.

HMS Southampton (1820) was a 60-gun fourth rate launched in 1820. In 1867 the ship was lent to the Hull Committee, finally being sold in 1912.

HMS Southampton (1912) was a Town-class cruiser, launched in 1912 and sold in 1926. She fought at the Battle of Jutland.

HMS Southampton (C83) was a Town-class cruiser, launched in 1936 and sunk off Malta on 11 January 1941.

HMS Southampton (D90) was a Type 42 destroyer, launched in 1979 and decommissioned in 2009.

Town-class cruiser (1936)
The Town class consisted of 10 light cruisers built for the Royal Navy during the 1930s. The Towns were designed within the constraints of the London Naval Treaty of 1930. The ships were built in the sub-classes, Southampton, Gloucester and Edinburgh, each sub-class adding more weaponry.
Marie Eugenie Le Lay
Marie Eugenie Le Lay (Thai: มารี เออเจนี เลอเลย์, born 2 March 1992), known professionally as Zom Marie, is a half-French, half-Thai singer, songwriter, and actress.

Le Lay became known from the LG Starz Talent contest 2008 as one of the five winners. She used to be an artist under GMM Grammy. She has been a solo artist and a duo artist with "Atom Kritchanok Suaysod" under the name "Zom & Atom (Zom-Atom)". Later, she worked with Spicy Disc until 2022.

She graduated with a Bachelor of Communication Arts degree in Radio and Television Broadcasting from the Faculty of Communication Arts, Rangsit University, with first class honors.

GMM Grammy
GMM Grammy Public Company Limited (Thai: จีเอ็มเอ็ม แกรมมี่ or stylized as G"MM' Grammy) is the largest media conglomerate entertainment company in Thailand. Top Grammy artists include Bird Thongchai, Silly Fools, Loso, Tai Orathai, Bie Sukrit, Tata Young, Mos Patiparn, Bodyslam, Getsunova, Joey Boy. In addition to its music business, the company is involved in concert production, artist management, film production, television production and publishing.

In 2023, GMM Grammy partnered with RS Group, another Thai music label, to establish a joint venture called Across the Universe.
Giovanni Sio
Giovanni-Guy Yann Sio (born 31 March 1989) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for Vertou. Born in France, he played for France national teams at youth level before switching to the Ivory Coast at senior level.

FC Sion
Football Club Sion, commonly known as simply FC Sion or Sion, is a Swiss football club from the city of Sion. The club was founded in 1909 and play their home matches at the Stade Tourbillon. They have won the Swiss Super League and the Swiss Cup in 13 of their 14 appearances in the final, the most recent being in 2015. The first team of the club was also known as their incorporated name Olympique des Alpes SA. The club set to play in the Super League from 2024 to 2025, the top tier of Swiss football after promotion from Challenge League in 2023–24.
Dan Sudick
Dan Sudick is a special effects supervisor. Sudick and his fellow visual effects artists were nominated for an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects for Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World, War of the Worlds, Iron Man, Iron Man 2, The Avengers, Iron Man 3, Captain America: The Winter Soldier, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, Avengers: Infinity War, Avengers: Endgame, Free Guy, Spider-Man: No Way Home and Black Panther: Wakanda Forever.

Visual effects
Visual effects (sometimes abbreviated as VFX) is the process by which imagery is created or manipulated outside the context of a live-action shot in filmmaking and video production.
The integration of live-action footage and other live-action footage or computer-generated imagery (CGI) elements to create realistic imagery is called VFX.

VFX involves the integration of live-action footage (which may include in-camera special effects) and generated-imagery (digital or optics, animals or creatures) which look realistic, but would be dangerous, expensive, impractical, time-consuming or impossible to capture on film. Visual effects using CGI have more recently become accessible to the independent filmmaker with the introduction of affordable and relatively easy-to-use animation and compositing software.
Shinji Shimoyama
Shinji Shimoyama (下山 真二, Shimoyama Shinji; born December 1, 1975 in Katō District, Hyōgo, Japan) is a former Japanese professional baseball player. He was the number 8 draft pick for the Osaka Kintetsu Buffaloes in 2003.

Osaka Kintetsu Buffaloes
The Osaka Kintetsu Buffaloes (大阪近鉄バファローズ, Ōsaka Kintetsu Bafarōzu) were a Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) team based in Osaka, Japan, which was in the Pacific League. In 2005 the team was merged with the Orix BlueWave to become the team now known as the Orix Buffaloes. The team played  in Fujiidera Stadium, and later in Osaka Dome.

Although the team won four Pacific League championships, they lost all four Japan Series in which they played. The team's batting lineup was known as Itemae Dasen (いてまえ打線).
Fuenteovejuna
Fuenteovejuna (Spanish: [ˌfwenteoβeˈxuna]) is a play by the Spanish playwright Lope de Vega. First published in Madrid in 1619, as part of Docena Parte de las Comedias de Lope de Vega Carpio (Volume 12 of the Collected plays of Lope de Vega Carpio), the play is believed to have been written between 1612 and 1614. The play is based upon a historical incident that took place in the village of Fuenteovejuna in Castile, in 1476. While under the command of the Order of Calatrava, a commander, Fernán Gómez de Guzmán, mistreated the villagers, who banded together and killed him. When a magistrate sent by King Ferdinand II of Aragon arrived in the village to investigate, the villagers, even under the pain of torture, responded only by saying "Fuenteovejuna did it."

The play has often been translated, but its international fame is relatively recent.  It was not translated into English until the 1930s.

Castile (historical region)
Castile or Castille (/kæˈstiːl/; Spanish: Castilla [kasˈtiʎa] ⓘ) is a territory of imprecise limits located in Spain. The Encyclopædia Britannica defines it as encompassing Old Castile and New Castile, as they were formally defined in the 1833 territorial division of Spain.

Castile's name is generally thought to mean "land of castles" (castle in Spanish is castillo), in reference to the castles built in the area to consolidate the Christian Reconquest from the Moors.
Ubrique
Ubrique is a municipality of Spain located in the province of Cádiz, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. According to the 2005 census, it has a population of 17,362 inhabitants. It is the most important municipality in the Sierra de Cádiz.

The most important industry is leather.

As part of the pueblos blancos (white towns) in southern Spain's Andalusia region, Ubrique reminds travellers of that area's Arab past.

Sierra de Cádiz
Sierra de Cádiz (Spanish: "Cádiz Mountains") is one of the six comarcas (county, but with no administrative role) province of Cádiz (Andalusia, southern Spain).

Most of the comarca's territory falls within the Sierra de Grazalema Natural Park, a protected area. This comarca was established in 2003 by the Government of Andalusia.
113th Wing
The 113th Wing, known as the "Capital Guardians", is a unit of the District of Columbia Air National Guard, stationed at Joint Base Andrews, Maryland. If activated to federal service, the fighter portion of the Wing is gained by the United States Air Force's Air Combat Command, while the airlift portion is gained by Air Mobility Command.

Air National Guard
The Air National Guard (ANG), also known as the Air Guard, is a federal military reserve force of the United States Air Force (USAF), as well as the "air militia" of each U.S. state, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the territories of Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands. It, along with the Army National Guard component of each state, district, commonwealth or territory, makes up the National Guard of each region as applicable. Additionally, the ANG and the United States Air Force Reserve constitute the two air reserve components of the USAF.

When Air National Guard units are used under the jurisdiction of the state governor they are fulfilling their militia role. However, when federalized by order of the president of the United States, ANG units become an active part of the U.S. Air Force. They are jointly administered by the states and the National Guard Bureau, a joint bureau of the Army and Air Force that oversees the U.S. National Guard.
Get Rich Click!
Get Rich Click!: The Ultimate Guide to Making Money on the Internet (2011) is a New York Times best-selling business book written by Marc Ostrofsky, an American writer, business owner, and serial entrepreneur. The book was published on May 2, 2011 by Razor Media Group.

Marc Ostrofsky
Marc Ostrofsky is an American entrepreneur, venture capitalist, New York Times Best Selling Author and public speaker.  He is the author of the books Get Rich Click!: The Ultimate Guide to Making Money Online, and Word of Mouse: 101+ trends using technology on How we Buy, Sell, Live, Learn, Work and Play!. Get Rich Click was in the top ten of the lists of bestselling books compiled by USA Today, The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times.
Saburō Endō
Saburō Endō (遠藤 三郎, Endō Saburō; January 2, 1893 – October 11, 1984) was a Japanese military officer who served as a lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II. A graduate of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy (26th class) and the Army War College (34th class), he received the Emperor's Sword for academic excellence at both institutions.

Army War College (Japan)
The Army War College (陸軍大学校, Rikugun Daigakkō); Short form: Rikudai (陸大) of the Empire of Japan was founded in 1882 in Minato, Tokyo to modernize and Westernize the Imperial Japanese Army.  Much of the empire's elite, including prime ministers during the period of Japanese militarism, were graduates of the college.
Bo-ram
Bo-ram, also spelled Bo-lam, is a Korean given name. The word itself is a native Korean word meaning "valuable" or "worthwhile" and does not have corresponding hanja. However, since Korean given names can be created arbitrarily, it may also be a name with hanja (e.g. 寶濫). According to a 2010 study by Chosun University professor Kang Hui-suk, it was the sixth-most common given name among women who graduated from the university that year.

People with this name include:

Jeon Boram (born 1986), South Korean singer and actress

Hwang Bo-ram (born 1987), South Korean football player

Lee Bo-ram (born 1987), South Korean singer and actress

Park Bo-ram (1994–2024), South Korean singer

Park Bo-ram (director), South Korean television director

Park Bo-ram (director)
Park Bo-ram (Korean: 박보람) is a South Korean television director best known for the crime drama series Through the Darkness. In 2022, the show won the Best Drama Award in the Best Drama Series category at the 27th Asian Television Awards. In 2023, it was selected as a finalist in the Crime Drama Category at the New York Festivals: TV and Film Awards.
Zbigniew Zakrzewski (economist)
Zbigniew Zakrzewski (August 15, 1912 in Puszczykowo – August 19, 1992 in Poznań) was a Polish economist, expert of history of Poznań. He was a professor, rector, prorector and honoris causa of Poznań University of Economics. Son of Ksawery Zakrzewski, also the alumnus of St. John Cantius High School in Poznań.

Zakrzewski is an author of interior trade theory. He is also an author of books about Poznań.

Puszczykowo
Puszczykowo [puʂt͡ʂɨˈkɔvɔ] (German: Puszczykowo; Unterberg) is a town in Poznań County, in the Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland, with 9,331 inhabitants (as of 2015). It is located about 12 km (7.46 mi) south of Poznań, the area is surrounded by the Wielkopolski National Park (located within the park buffer zone).
Eugene Aram (1924 film)
Eugene Aram is a 1924 British silent drama film directed by Arthur Rooke and starring Arthur Wontner, Barbara Hoffe and Mary Odette. It was based on the 1832 novel Eugene Aram by Edward Bulwer-Lytton which depicts the life of the eighteenth century criminal Eugene Aram.

Edward Bulwer-Lytton
Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton (/ˈbʊlwər/; 25 May 1803 – 18 January 1873) was an English writer and politician. He served as a Whig member of Parliament from 1831 to 1841 and a Conservative from 1851 to 1866. He was Secretary of State for the Colonies from June 1858 to June 1859, as which he selected Richard Clement Moody to found British Columbia. He was created Baron Lytton of Knebworth in 1866.

Bulwer-Lytton's works were well known in his time. He coined famous phrases like "pursuit of the almighty dollar", "the pen is mightier than the sword", "dweller on the threshold", "the great unwashed", and the opening phrase (incipit) "It was a dark and stormy night." The sardonic Bulwer-Lytton Fiction Contest, held annually from 1982 to 2024, claims to seek the "opening sentence of the worst of all possible novels".
Khurram Colony
Khurram Colony is a neighborhood and a Union Council of Rawalpindi City of Rawalpindi District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located adjacent to the neighborhoods of Muslim Town, and runs along the southern side of Haji Chowk to the Jaahaz Ground Shop. The former Benazir Bhutto International Airport abuts the southern edge of the suburb.33°37′N 73°05′E﻿ / ﻿33.617°N 73.083°E﻿ / 33.617; 73.083

Rawalpindi District
Rawalpindi District (Punjabi and Urdu: ضِلع راولپِنڈى) is a district located in the northernmost part of the Punjab province of Pakistan. Parts of the district form part of the Islamabad Rawalpindi metropolitan area. Rawalpindi city is the district capital.

The district has an area of 5,286 km2 (2,041 sq mi). Originally, its area was 6,192 km2 (2,391 sq mi) until the 1960s when Islamabad Capital Territory was carved out of the district, giving away an area of 906 km2 (350 sq mi). It is situated on the southern slopes of the north-western extremities of the Himalayas, including large mountain tracts with rich valleys traversed by mountain rivers. The chief rivers are the Indus and the Jhelum, and it is noted for its milder climate and abundant rainfall due to its proximity to the foothills.
Children of Chrome
Children of Chrome is the debut studio album by Australian metalcore band Void of Vision, released on 30 September 2016 by UNFD. It was produced by Ocean Grove's drummer Sam Bassal. It peaked in the top 60 of the ARIA Albums Chart.

Ocean Grove (band)
Ocean Grove are an Australian nu metal band formed in 2010. The band consists of the core trio of vocalist Dale Tanner, drummer/producer/guitarist Sam Bassal, and bassist/vocalist Brent "Twiggy" Hunter, alongside studio-only members Luke "Poochy" Holmes and guitarist/producer Matthew "Running Touch" Kopp.

As of 2024, the band has released four studio albums; The Rhapsody Tapes (2017), Flip Phone Fantasy (2020), and Up in the Air Forever (2022) through UNFD, and Oddworld (2024) through SharpTone Records.
Bernays–Schönfinkel class
The Bernays–Schönfinkel class (also known as Bernays–Schönfinkel–Ramsey class) of formulas, named after Paul Bernays, Moses Schönfinkel and Frank P. Ramsey, is a fragment of first-order logic formulas where satisfiability is decidable.

It is the set of sentences that, when written in prenex normal form, have an  quantifier prefix and do not contain any function symbols.

Ramsey proved that, if  is a formula in the Bernays–Schönfinkel class with one free variable, then either  is finite, or  is finite.

This class of logic formulas is also sometimes referred as effectively propositional (EPR) since it can be effectively translated into propositional logic formulas by a process of grounding or instantiation.

The satisfiability problem for this class is NEXPTIME-complete.

NEXPTIME
In computational complexity theory, the complexity class NEXPTIME (sometimes called NEXP) is the set of decision problems that can be solved by a non-deterministic Turing machine using time .

In terms of NTIME,

Alternatively, NEXPTIME can be defined using deterministic Turing machines as verifiers. A language L is in NEXPTIME if and only if there exist polynomials p and q, and a deterministic Turing machine M, such that

For all x and y, the machine M runs in time  on input ⁠⁠

For all x in L, there exists a string y of length  such that ⁠⁠

For all x not in L and all strings y of length , ⁠⁠

We know

P ⊆ NP ⊆ EXPTIME ⊆ NEXPTIME

and also, by the time hierarchy theorem, that

NP ⊊ NEXPTIME

If P = NP, then NEXPTIME = EXPTIME (padding argument); more precisely, E ≠ NE if and only if there exist sparse languages in NP that are not in P.