hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Peña (surname)
Peña is a Spanish habitation surname. The origin of the surname can be traced directly to the Middle Ages; the earliest public record of the surname dates to the 13th century in the Valle de Mena (Burgos) in the Kingdom of Castile. The origin of the last name is in present-day Galicia, Spain. The Peñas lived, originally, near a cliff or rocky land. Records indicate that the name derives from the Spanish word peña meaning "rock," "crag" or "cliff."

The bearers of this surname proved their noble descent in the Order of Saint James of the Sword in 1626, 1629, 1651 and 1657; in the Order of Calatrava, in 1657, 1687, 1688, 1700 and 1785; in the Order of Alcántara in 1644 and 1693 and in the Royal and Distinguished Spanish Order of Carlos III, in 1790 and 1838; and many times in the Royal Audiencia and Chancillería of Valladolid; in the Royal Audience of Oviedo, in 1788 and 1795; and in the Royal Company of Midshipmen in 1767.

Real Audiencia y Chancillería de Valladolid
The Royal Audiencia and Chancellería of Valladolid was a judicial body established by Henry II of Castile in 1371, with jurisdiction over the entire territory of the Crown of Castile, except for the characteristics of the Hall of Justice (also called Mil y Quinientas) of the Council of Castile. The building was originally called El Palacio de los Vivero.

It was based in the city of Valladolid and operated for much of the Middle Ages and throughout the Early Modern Ages as the highest court of law in the kingdom, and was suppressed in 1834 as a result of liberal reforms.

In 1494, it lost part of its jurisdiction to the newly created Real Audiencia y Chancillería de Ciudad Real, which was itself soon transferred to Granada, with the creation of the Real Chancillería de Granada in 1505.
Garry Fabian Miller
Garry Fabian Miller HonFRPS (born 1957) is a British photographic artist. Since 1986, he has specialised in camera-less photography. His work was exhibited at the Victoria & Albert Museum in London in 2005, at the Rencontres d'Arles in the same year, and at the Arnolfini in Bristol in 2023.

Miller was elected an honorary fellow of the Royal Photographic Society in 2017 and awarded an Honorary Fellowship with the Bodleian Libraries in 2022.

Bodleian Libraries
The Bodleian Libraries are a collection of 28 libraries that serve the University of Oxford in England, including the Bodleian Library itself, as well as many other (but not all) central and faculty libraries. As of the 2021–2022 report year, the libraries collectively hold 13.5 million printed items, as well as numerous other objects and artefacts.

A major product of this collaboration has been a joint integrated library system, OLIS (Oxford Libraries Information System), and its public interface, SOLO (Search Oxford Libraries Online), which provides a union catalogue covering all member libraries, as well as the libraries of individual colleges and other faculty libraries, which are not members of the group but do share cataloguing information.

One of its busiest libraries is the Social Science Library, which, at its peak, serves 7,500 visitors in a period of approximately nine weeks.
Rachael Burford
Rachael Burford (born 19 August 1986) is an English rugby union player. She represented England at the 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2017 Women's Rugby World Cups. She was a member of the squad which went to the 2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens.

In May 2014, Burford was awarded the Rugby Players' Association England women's player of the year award.

Off the field, Rachael has been a trailblazer for women’s rugby, serving on World Rugby’s Rugby Committees across all areas of the game and becoming the first women’s player on the RPA Players’ Board in 2015. She was appointed as Head of Women’s Rugby for the International Rugby Players in March 2021. She joined the RPA as Head of Women's Rugby in July 2024.

2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens
The 2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens was the sixth edition of the Rugby World Cup Sevens. The tournament was held at Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, Russia. 
New Zealand  won the tournament, defeating England 33–0 in the final. Attendance for the tournament was poor, with matches played in mostly empty stadiums.

World Rugby, then known as the International Rugby Board (IRB), initially stated that the Rugby World Cup Sevens would be scrapped if rugby sevens were to be included in the Olympic programme for the 2016 Summer Olympics. As the International Olympic Committee voted for the sport's inclusion, this was thought likely to be the last edition of the tournament. However, the IRB clarified that in June 2013, the tournament would be retained and held quadrennially from 2018.
Le Teilleul
Le Teilleul (French pronunciation: [lə.tɛj'œl]) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, the former communes of Ferrières, Heussé, Husson and Sainte-Marie-du-Bois were merged into Le Teilleul.

Manche
Manche (/mɒ̃ʃ/; French: [mɑ̃ʃ] ⓘ; Norman: Maunche) is a coastal French department in Normandy on the English Channel, which is known as La Manche, literally "the sleeve", in French. Manche is bordered by Ille-et-Vilaine and Mayenne to the south, Orne and Calvados to the east, the English Channel to the west and north and by sharing maritime borders with the Crown Dependencies of Bailiwick of Jersey and Bailiwick of Guernsey of the United Kingdom to the west. It had a population of 495,045 in 2019.
Ficus albipila
Ficus albipila, the abbey tree, is a species of flowering plant in the family Moraceae, native to India, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, the Lesser Sunda Islands, New Guinea, and Queensland. It is a widespread rainforest tree reaching 35 m (115 ft).

Moraceae
Moraceae is a family of flowering plants comprising about 48 genera and over 1100 species, and is commonly known as the mulberry or fig family. Most are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, less so in temperate climates; however, their distribution is cosmopolitan overall. The only common characteristics within the family are the presence of latex-producing glands in the leaves and stems, and milky sap in the soft tissues; but generally useful field characters include two carpels sometimes with one reduced, compound inconspicuous flowers, and compound fruits. The family includes well-known plants such as the common fig, breadfruit, jackfruit and mulberry. The 'flowers' of Moraceae are often pseudanthia (reduced inflorescences).
Guglielmo Cinque
Guglielmo Cinque (born 1948 in La Spezia) is an Italian linguist and professor of linguistics at the Ca' Foscari University of Venice. He is one of the leading figures in modern minimalist syntax.

Cinque studied literature and linguistics at the University of Venice, at the University of Padua, and at the University of California, Berkeley. Since 1981 he has been a professor at the Ca' Foscari University. He is an honorary member of the Linguistic Society of America.

Cinque works in the fields of generative grammar and language typology. Together with Luigi Rizzi he belongs to the founding figures of cartographic syntax, a research area devoted to the fine structure of languages. He is the editor (together with Richard Kayne) of The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Syntax.

Minimalist program
In linguistics, the minimalist program is a major line of inquiry that has been developing inside generative grammar since the early 1990s, starting with a 1993 paper by Noam Chomsky.

Following Imre Lakatos's distinction, Chomsky presents minimalism as a program, understood as a mode of inquiry that provides a conceptual framework which guides the development of linguistic theory. As such, it is characterized by a broad and diverse range of research directions. For Chomsky, there are two basic minimalist questions—What is language? and Why does it have the properties it has?—but the answers to these two questions can be framed in any theory.
István Juhász (footballer)
István Juhász (17 July 1945 – 16 September 2024) was a Hungarian football midfielder, who played for Ferencváros.

Juhász won a gold medal in football at the 1968 Summer Olympics and also participated in UEFA Euro 1972 for the Hungary national team.

Following the end of his career, Juhász went to live in the United States for several decades, but later resettled in Hungary. He died on 16 September 2024, at the age of 79.

UEFA Euro 1972
The 1972 UEFA European Football Championship final tournament was held in Belgium. This was the fourth UEFA European Championship, held every four years and endorsed by UEFA. The final tournament took place between 14 and 18 June 1972.

Only four countries played in the final tournament, with the tournament consisting of the semi-finals, a third place play-off, and the final.

The hosts were only announced after the qualifying round, which meant all teams had to participate in the qualification process for the final stage. Belgium was chosen among three candidates; the other bids came from England and Italy, whose teams did not reach the semi-finals.

West Germany won the tournament, beating the Soviet Union 3–0 in the final, with goals coming from Gerd Müller (twice) and Herbert Wimmer at the Heysel Stadium in Brussels.
Divorce in the United States
In the United States, marriage and divorce fall under the jurisdiction of state governments, not the federal government.
Divorce may involve issues of spousal support, child custody, child support, distribution of property and division of debt.

State governments of the United States
In the United States, state governments are institutional units exercising functions of government within the country’s federal system, alongside the federal government. Each U.S. state's government holds legislative, executive, and judicial authority over a defined geographic territory. The United States comprises 50 states: 9 of the Thirteen Colonies that were already part of the United States at the time the Constitution took effect in 1789, 4 that ratified the Constitution after its commencement, plus 37 that have been admitted since by Congress as authorized under Article IV, Section 3 of the Constitution.
Allah Rakha (film)
Allah-Rakha is a 1986 Indian Hindi-language  Masala film directed by Ketan Desai and starring Jackie Shroff in the title role  with Dimple Kapadia, Meenakshi Sheshadri, Shammi Kapoor, Biswajeet and Waheeda Rehman in key roles. The film is notable as the protagonist, played by Jackie Shroff, is a Muslim, unusual in Hindi cinema that time.

Ketan Desai (director)
Ketan Desai (born 29 June 1957) is an Indian film producer and director. He produced five Bollywood movies and directed three Masala films. He produced the Hindi film Coolie (1983) and was Executive Producer of Mard (1985).
Rajah Buayan
Rajah Buayan, officially the Municipality of Rajah Buayan (Maguindanaon: Ingud nu Rajah Buayan; Iranun: Inged a Rajah Buayan; Tagalog: Bayan ng Rajah Buayan), is a municipality in the province of Maguindanao del Sur.  According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 27,832 people.

Maguindanao del Sur
Maguindanao del Sur, officially the Province of Maguindanao del Sur (Maguindanaon: Dairat nu Salatan Magindanaw, Jawi: دايرت نو سلاتان مڬیندانو, Filipino: Timog Maguindanao), is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Bangsamoro region in Mindanao. Its capital is the municipality of Buluan near the city of Tacurong in the neighboring province of Sultan Kudarat. It borders Cotabato province to the east, Maguindanao del Norte to the west, and Sultan Kudarat to the south.
Little Somerford
Little Somerford is a village and civil parish in Wiltshire, England, 3 miles (4.8 km) southeast of Malmesbury and 7.5 miles (12.1 km) northeast of Chippenham.

The northern boundary of the parish follows approximately the B4040 Malmesbury–Swindon road. The Bristol Avon forms part of the boundary to the west and south, and its tributary the Brinkworth Brook forms part of the southeastern boundary.

River Avon, Bristol
The River Avon (/ˈeɪvən/ AY-vən) is a river in the southwest of England. To distinguish it from a number of other rivers of the same name, it is often called the Bristol Avon. The name 'Avon' is loaned from an ancestor of the Welsh word afon, meaning 'river'.

The Avon rises just north of the village of Acton Turville in South Gloucestershire, before flowing through Wiltshire into Somerset. In its lower reaches from Bath (where it meets the Kennet and Avon Canal) to the Severn Estuary at Avonmouth near Bristol, the river is navigable and is known as the Avon Navigation.

The Avon is the 19th longest river in the United Kingdom, at 83 miles (134 km), although there are just 19 miles (31 km) as the crow flies between the source and its mouth in the Severn Estuary. The catchment area is 2,220 square kilometres (860 sq mi).
Daily Southtown
The Daily Southtown (formerly SouthtownStar) is a newspaper of the Chicago, Illinois, United States, metropolitan area that covers the south suburbs and the South Side neighborhoods of the city – a wide region known as the Chicago Southland. Its popular slogan is "People Up North Just Don't Get It" (a pun). It is published by the Chicago Tribune Media Group.

Slogan
A slogan is a memorable motto or phrase used in a clan or a political, commercial, religious, or other context as a repetitive expression of an idea or purpose, with the goal of persuading members of the public or a more defined target group. The Oxford Dictionary of English defines a slogan as "a short and striking or memorable phrase used in advertising". A slogan usually has the attributes of being memorable, very concise and appealing to the audience.
Niroshan de Silva
Niroshan S de Silva (born 29 August 1971) is a Sri Lankan-born American former cricketer.

The son of the Test cricketer Somachandra de Silva, he was born at Colombo in August 1971. He played minor counties cricket in England for Shropshire from 1999, making a single appearance in the MCCA Knockout Trophy. He later moved to the United States, where he played a single List A one-day match for the United States against Barbados at Jamaica in the 2000–01 Red Stripe Bowl. He took a single wicket in the match with his leg break bowling, dismissing Dale Richards to finish with match figures of 1 for 17 from six overs. His uncles, Hemachandra de Silva and Premachandra de Silva, were also cricketers.

Over (cricket)
In cricket, an over consists of six legal deliveries bowled from one end of a cricket pitch to the player batting at the other end, almost always by a single bowler.

A maiden over is an over in which no runs are scored that count against the bowler (so leg byes and byes may be scored as they are not counted against the bowler). A wicket maiden is a maiden over in which a wicket is also taken. Similarly, double and triple wicket maidens are when two and three wickets are taken in a maiden over.

After six deliveries the umpire calls 'over'; the fielding team switches ends, and a different bowler is selected to bowl from the opposite end. The captain of the fielding team decides which bowler will bowl any given over, and no bowler may bowl two overs in succession.
Sejm Constituency no. 35
Olsztyn is a Polish parliamentary constituency in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship.  It elects ten members of the Sejm.

The district has the number '35' for elections to the Sejm and is named after the city of Olsztyn.  It includes the counties of Ełk, Giżycko, Gołdap, Kętrzyn, Mrągowo, Nidzica, Olecko, Olsztyn, Pisz, Szczytno, and Węgorzewo and the city county of Olsztyn.

Giżycko County
Giżycko County (Polish: powiat giżycki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms of 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Giżycko, which lies 88 kilometres (55 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn. The only other town in the county is Ryn, lying 18 km (11 mi) south-west of Giżycko.

The county covers an area of 1,118.74 square kilometres (431.9 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 56,661, out of which the population of Giżycko is 29,335, that of Ryn is 2,851, and the rural population is 24,475.

Until 2002 Giżycko County also included the three gminas which now form Węgorzewo County.
Chazot (surname)
Chazot is a surname of French origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Amandine Chazot (1991–2024), French paddleboarder

Émile-Augustin Chazot, (1805–1854), French magistrate and politician

Jacques Chazot (1928–1993), French dancer and socialite

Jean-Pierre François de Chazot (1739–1797), a major general of the French Revolution

Patrick Chazot (born 1958), French athlete

Paul de Chazot (1802–1880), French politician

Amandine Chazot
Amandine Chazot (1991 – 27 November 2024) was a French radiologist and standup paddleboarder. She competed at the ISA World SUP and Paddleboard Championship and the ICF Stand Up Paddling World Championships.
Preparatory Institute for Engineering Studies of Nabeul
Preparatory Institute for Engineering Nabeul  (المعهد التحضيري للدراسات الهندسية بنابل) or IPEIN  is a Tunisian university establishment founded in 1986 according to the law N°86-954. Part of the University of Carthage. It is the first preparatory  engineering institute in Tunisia.It is located in Mrezka, Nabeul.

Nabeul
Nabeul (/ˈnæbəl/; Arabic: نابل Nābilⓘ; Tamazight: ⵏⴰⴱⴻⵍ) is a coastal town located in northeastern Tunisia, on the south coast of the Cape Bon peninsula and surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea on both sides. It is the first seaside resort in Tunisia. It is known for its agricultural riches and its tourism potential. The city had a population of 84,291 as of the 2022 census.
Ethyl methacrylate
Ethyl methacrylate is the organic compound with the formula C2H5O2CC(CH3)=CH2.  A colorless liquid, it is a common monomer for the preparation of acrylate polymers.  It is typically polymerized under free-radical conditions.

Ethyl methacrylate was first obtained by treating ethyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate with phosphorus pentachloride in a dehydration reaction.

Phosphorus pentachloride
Phosphorus pentachloride is the chemical compound with the formula PCl5. It is one of the most important phosphorus chlorides/oxychlorides, others being PCl3 and POCl3. PCl5 finds use as a chlorinating reagent. It is a colourless, water-sensitive solid, although commercial samples can be yellowish and contaminated with hydrogen chloride.
Pete Livesey
Pete Livesey (12 December 1943 to 26 February 1998), was an English rock climber who raised the standard of technical difficulty in traditional climbing in Britain during the early to mid-1970s. Livesey was renowned for the intensity and competitiveness he brought to the development of his sport as well as a mischievous sense of humour, and during the mid-1970s, Livesey was regarded as Britain's leading rock climber.

Malham
Malham is a village and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England. In the Domesday Book, the name is given as Malgun, meaning "settlement by the gravelly places".

Until 1974 it was part of the Settle Rural District, in the historic West Riding of Yorkshire. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Craven, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

In 2001 the parish had a population of approximately 150. Malham parish increased in size geographically (to include Malham Moor) and so at the 2011 Census had a population of 238.

Malham lies at the upper end of the valley of the River Aire, known above Airton as Malhamdale, in the Yorkshire Dales. The surrounding countryside is well known for its limestone pavements and other examples of limestone scenery. Tourist attractions include Malham Tarn, Malham Cove, Gordale Scar, Janet's Foss and the Dry Valley.

In the 1950s the village gave its name to a Ham class minesweeper, HMS Malham.
Matthew Hays
Matthew Hays is a Canadian film critic, writer, film festival programmer and academic. He won a Lambda Literary Award for his 2007 book The View from Here: Conversations with Gay and Lesbian Filmmakers.

Hays teaches film studies, journalism and communication studies at Concordia University in Montreal, and cinema at Marianopolis College in Westmount. He has reviewed films for the Montreal Mirror. His writing has also been published in The Globe and Mail, The Guardian, Xtra!, The Walrus, Vice and The Advocate, and he has been a programmer for the Toronto International Film Festival. He was nominated for a 2008 National Magazine Award.

Hays is openly gay.

Hays earned an MA in Media Studies from Concordia University in Montreal in 2008.

The Advocate (magazine)
The Advocate is an American LGBTQ magazine, printed bi-monthly and available by subscription. The Advocate brand also includes a website. Both magazine and website have an editorial focus on news, politics, opinion, and arts and entertainment of interest to lesbians, gay men, bisexuals, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people. The magazine, established in 1967, is the oldest and largest LGBTQ publication in the United States and the only surviving one of its kind that was founded before the 1969 Stonewall riots in Manhattan, an uprising that was a major milestone in the LGBTQ rights movement. On June 9, 2022, Pride Media was acquired by Equal Entertainment LLC.
Cougar, Washington
Cougar is an unincorporated community and former town in Cowlitz County, Washington.  Cougar is located around 50 miles (80 km) northeast of Vancouver on Washington State Route 503 and along the northwest bank of Yale Lake, a reservoir on the Lewis River.

The population of Cougar was 122 at the 1990 Census, when it was still incorporated as a town, but disincorporated before the 2000 Census. As of the 2020 census, the population is 118.

The Cougar community is part of the Woodland School District, a K-12 school district of about 2,200 students.

Cougar is the nearest community to Mount St. Helens, which lies 13 miles (20.9215 km) to its northeast. The eruption of Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980, was the deadliest and most economically destructive volcanic event in the history of the United States.

A post office called Cougar was established in 1902. The community was named after the cougar which were abundant in the area at that time.

K–12
K–12 (from kindergarten to twelfth grade) is an English language expression that indicates the range of years of publicly supported primary and secondary education found in the United States and Canada, which is similar to publicly supported school grades before tertiary education in several other countries, such as  Armenia, Australia, China, Ecuador, Egypt, India, Iran, the Philippines, South Korea, and Turkey. K–12 refers to the American system which affords authority to local intersectional "districts" which may be specific to a municipality, county, or several regions, depending on population and proximity.
Robert Award for Best Director
The Robert Award for Best Director (Danish: Robert Prisen for årets instruktør) is presented at an annual Robert Award show hosted by the Danish Film Academy. The category was introduced in 2001 and all directors of Danish films irrespective of the language of the film are eligible. The winner is selected among five nominees.

Kristian Levring
Kristian Levring (Danish: [ˈkʰʁestjæn ˈlewʁeŋ, ˈkʰʁæs-]; born 9 May 1957) is a Danish film director. He was the fourth signatory of the Dogme 95 movement. His feature films as director include Et skud fra hjertet, The King is Alive, The Intended, Fear Me Not, and The Salvation.