hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Prussian S 10
The Prussian Class S 10 included all express train locomotives in the Prussian state railways that had a 4-6-0 wheel arrangement. There were four sub-classes: the S 10, S 10.1 (with 1911 and 1914 variants) and S 10.2.

Whyte notation
The Whyte notation is a classification method for steam locomotives, and some internal combustion locomotives and electric locomotives, by wheel arrangement. It was devised by Frederick Methvan Whyte, and came into use in the early twentieth century following a December 1900 editorial in American Engineer and Railroad Journal.

The notation was adopted and remains in use in North America and the United Kingdom to describe the wheel arrangements of steam locomotives, but for modern locomotives, multiple units and trams it has been supplanted by the UIC system in Europe and by the AAR system (essentially a simplification of the UIC system) in North America. However, geared steam locomotives do not use the notation. They are classified by their model and their number of trucks.
Haberfeld
Haberfeld is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David Haberfeld (born 1969), Australian musician and producer

Győző Haberfeld (1889 – c. 1945), Hungarian gymnast

Haim Haberfeld, Israeli trade union and football federation leader

Hanna Zemer, née Haberfeld (1925–2003), Israeli journalist and first female editor-in-chief of a major Israeli newspaper

Mario Haberfeld (born 1976), Brazilian auto racing driver

Győző Halmos
Győző Halmos (June 13, 1889 – c. 1945) was a Hungarian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Hungarian team, which won the silver medal in the gymnastics men's team, European system event in 1912.

He died in KZ Mauthausen during World War II.
Swetman House
Swetman House, also known as Swetmann House and Gerhard "Stucco" Johnson House, is a historic residence at 325 5th Avenue in Seward, Alaska. The house was constructed in 1916 and was originally located adjacent to Seward's Mount Marathon. In 1920 or 1921, the original owner, Gerhard "Stucco" Johnson, sold the house to pharmacist Elwyn Swetman on condition that Swetman move the property to his own lot. The property was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 17, 1978.

Mount Marathon
Mount Marathon, or officially Marathon Mountain, is a 4,826-foot (1,471 m) mountain summit directly west of Seward in the Kenai Mountains in the U.S. state of Alaska. The peak is situated in Chugach National Forest, rising  above Resurrection Bay, 2.35 mi (4 km) south of Mount Benson, and 2 mi (3 km) north of Bear Mountain. The namesake of the mountain is the Mount Marathon Race held every Fourth of July.
Guram Kostava
Guram Kostava (Georgian: გურამ კოსტავა; 18 June 1937 – 20 June 2024) was a Soviet fencer. Kostava won a bronze in the team épée event at the 1960 Summer Olympics and another one in the individual épée event at the 1964 Summer Olympics. Kostava died on 20 June 2024, at the age of 87.

Épée
The épée (/ˈɛpeɪ, ˈeɪ-/, French: [epe]; lit. 'sword'), also rendered as epee in English, is the largest and heaviest of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. The modern épée derives from the 19th-century épée de combat, a weapon which itself derives from the French small sword.

As a thrusting weapon, the épée is similar to a foil (contrasted with a sabre, which is designed for slashing). It has a stiffer blade than a foil. It is triangular in cross-section with a V-shaped groove called a fuller. The épée also has a larger bell guard designed to protect the user’s arm. In addition to the larger "bell" guard and blade, the épée weighs more than the foil and sabre which contributes to its reputation of being the slowest form of fencing. The techniques of use differ, as there are no rules regarding priority and a lack of right of way. Thus, immediate counterattacks are a common feature of épée fencing. The entire body is a valid target area.
George Bretz (photographer)
George M. Bretz (June 6, 1842– April 12, 1895) was an American photographer who is best known for his photographs of the Northeastern Pennsylvania Coal Region and its coal miners.

A collection of Bretz's original glass plate negatives from the Kohinoor Mine at the Shenandoah Colliery were rediscovered in 2011 at the National Museum of American History. Taken circa 1884, this was one of the earliest fully illuminated photo shoots in an underground mine. These photographs were displayed at the 1884 World Cotton Centennial in New Orleans, and again at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Bretz is also known for his photos of alleged Molly Maguires, radical coal miners who fought against unfair labor practices in the coal fields. For the rest of his life, Bretz was considered an authority on coal mining, and articles about his photography were widely published.

World Cotton Centennial
The World Cotton Centennial (also known as the World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition) was a World's Fair held in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, in 1884-1885. At a time when nearly one third of all cotton produced in the United States was handled in New Orleans and the city was home to the New Orleans Cotton Exchange, the idea for the fair was first advanced by the Cotton Planters Association. The name "World Cotton Centennial" referred to the earliest-surviving record of export of a shipment of cotton from the U.S. to England in 1784. Gustave M. Torgerson who lived in Meridian was selected and supervising architect and designed the main building.
Grajaú, Maranhão
Grajaú is a municipality in the Brazilian state of Maranhão. Founded on 29 April 1811, its population in 2020 was of 70,065. The total area is 8,864 km2.

It is one of the most important city in the south of the State. In Grajaú are located several industries of Plaster of Paris, as well as gypsum mining for other purposes (drywall, etc.). The city is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Grajaú.

Maranhão
Maranhão (/ˌmɑːrəˈnjaʊn/, MAH-rə-NYOWN; Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [maɾɐˈɲɐ̃w] ⓘ) is a state in Brazil. Located in the country's Northeast Region, it has a population of about 7 million and an area of 332,000 km2 (128,000 sq mi) and it is divided into 217 municipalities. Clockwise from north, it borders on the Atlantic Ocean for 2,243 km and the states of Piauí, Tocantins and Pará. The people of Maranhão have a distinctive accent within the common Northeastern Brazilian dialect. Maranhão is described in literary works such as Exile Song by Gonçalves Dias and Casa de Pensão by Aluísio Azevedo.

The dunes of Lençóis are an important area of environmental preservation. Also of interest is the state capital of São Luís, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Another important conservation area is the Parnaíba River delta, between the states of Maranhão and Piauí, with its lagoons, desert dunes and deserted beaches or islands, such as Caju island, which shelters rare birds.
Abby Stein
Abby Chava Stein (Yiddish: אביגיל חוה שטיין; born October 1, 1991) is an Israeli-American author, rabbi, activist, blogger, model, and public speaker. A former member of New York's Haredi Jewish community and an ordained Orthodox rabbi, Stein made headlines after she came out as a trans woman in 2015.

After going public about her gender identity, Stein founded support groups for transgender people from religious backgrounds and published a memoir, Becoming Eve: My Journey from Ultra-Orthodox Rabbi to Transgender Woman. Between fall 2024 and summer 2025, she served as a part-time rabbi for Congregation Kolot Chayeinu, a progressive synagogue.

Congregation Kolot Chayeinu
Congregation Kolot Chayeinu (Hebrew: קולות חיינו, lit. 'Voices of Our Lives') is a progressive unaffiliated Jewish congregation, that worships in  Gethsemane Church, at 1012 8th Avenue, Park Slope, Brooklyn, New York City, New York, United States.
Chris Copping
Chris Copping (born 29 August 1945 in Middleton, Lancashire, England) is a musician and singer-songwriter who was a member of Procol Harum in the 1970s, and has also composed for TV and film. He predominantly plays organ, piano and bass guitar.

University of Leicester
The University of Leicester (/ˈlɛstər/ ⓘ LEST-ər) is a public research university based in Leicester, England. The main campus is south of the city centre, adjacent to Victoria Park. The university's predecessor, University College, Leicester, gained university status in 1957.

The university had an income of £395.0 million in 2024/25, of which £84.9 million was from research grants, with an expenditure of £407.3 million.

The university is known for the invention of genetic fingerprinting, and for partially funding the discovery and the DNA identification of the remains of King Richard III in Leicester.
Sacred Congregation of Rites
The Sacred Congregation of Rites was a congregation of the Roman Curia, erected on 22 January 1588 by Pope Sixtus V by Immensa Aeterni Dei; it was divided into two separate congregations by Pope Paul VI on 8 May 1969.

The Congregation was charged with the supervision of the liturgy and the process of canonization of saints.

As part of the reforms following the Second Vatican Council, Pope Paul VI's 1969 apostolic constitution Sacra Rituum Congregatio divided the congregation into: the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, and the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments.

Apostolic constitution
An apostolic constitution (Latin: constitutio apostolica) is the most solemn form of legislation issued by the Pope.

By their nature, apostolic constitutions are addressed to the public. Generic constitutions use the title apostolic constitution and treat solemn matters of the church, such as the promulgation of laws or definitive teachings. The forms dogmatic constitution and pastoral constitution are titles sometimes used to be more descriptive as to the document's purpose.

Apostolic constitutions are issued as papal bulls because of their solemn, public form. Among types of papal legislation, apostolic letters issued motu proprio are next in solemnity.
Jasmin (singer)
Sara Lvovna Shor (Russian: Сара Львовна Шор, born Manakhimova, Манахимова, in first marriage Semenduyeva, Семендуева; born 12 October 1977), better known by stage name Jasmin (Жасмин, lit.: jasmine), is a Russian pop singer, actress, model, and TV presenter, and designer of Mountain Jewish descent. She holds the honor of Merited Artist of the Russian Federation  (2014).

Jasmine
Jasmine (botanical name: Jasminum, pronounced /ˈjæsmɪnəm/ YAS-min-əm) is a genus of shrubs and vines in the olive family of Oleaceae.: 193  It contains around 200 species native to tropical and warm temperate regions of Eurasia, Africa, and Oceania.: 194  Jasmines are widely cultivated for the characteristic fragrance of their flowers.

The village of Shubra Beloula in Egypt grows most of the jasmine used by the global perfume industry.
Harald Winkler
Harald Winkler (born 17 December 1962) is an Austrian bobsledder who competed in the late 1980s and early 1990s. He won a gold medal in the four-man event with teammates Ingo Appelt, Gerhard Haidacher and Thomas Schroll at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville.

Winkler also won two medals in the four-man event at the FIBT World Championships with a silver in 1993 and a bronze in 1990.

FIBT World Championships 1993
The FIBT World Championships 1993 took place in Igls, Austria (Bobsleigh) and La Plagne, France (Skeleton). This was Igls's fourth time hosting the championships, doing so previously in 1935 (Two-man) and 1963, and 1991 (Skeleton). Meanwhile, La Plagne was hosting its first championship event.
Apheleia
In Greek mythology, Apheleia (Ἀφέλεια, Ancient Greek: [afélei̯a]) was the spirit and personification of ease, simplicity and primitivity in the good sense, "the good old days". According to Eustathius, she had an altar at the Acropolis of Athens and was honored as a nurse of Athena.

Eustathius of Thessalonica
Eustathius of Thessalonica (or Eustathios of Thessalonike; Greek: Εὐστάθιος Θεσσαλονίκης; c. 1115 – c. 1195/6) was a Byzantine Greek scholar and Archbishop of Thessalonica and is a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church. He is most noted for his stand against the sack of Thessalonica by the Normans in 1185, contemporary account of the event, for his orations and for his commentaries on Homer, which incorporate many remarks by much earlier researchers.

He was officially canonized on June 10, 1988, and his feast day is on September 20.
Björn Söder
Björn Olof Söder (born 3 January 1976) is a Swedish Sweden Democrats politician who served as Second Deputy Speaker of the Riksdag from September 2014 to September 2018. He has been a Member of the Riksdag (SD) for Stockholm County since October 2010. He previously served as Leader of the Sweden Democrats in the Riksdag from 2010 to 2014 and Secretary of the Sweden Democrats from 2005 to 2015.

Orders, decorations, and medals of Armenia
Awards and decorations of Armenia are military and civil decorations of Armenia which are bestowed by various agencies of the Armenian government for acts of accomplishment benefiting the government and the Armenian nation as a whole.
Luna Plantation
Luna Plantation was a quail hunting plantation located in northeastern Leon County, Florida, United States established by Lloyd C. Griscom.

Lloyd C. Griscom was the son of Clement A. Griscom from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Clement was a shipping magnate, President of the Red Star Line and American Line.

Almost four years after the death of Clement A. Griscom, on October 19, 1916 Horseshoe Plantation was divided up and part sold. Lloyd C. Griscom, Clement's son received 4,000 acres (1,600 ha) on the west side naming it Luna Plantation while his sister Frances C. Griscom, a sportswoman, received 7,000 acres (2,800 ha) of the old plantation to the east and named it Water Oak Plantation. Frances Griscom won the 1900 United States Women's Amateur Golf Championship.

U.S. Women's Amateur
The U.S. Women's Amateur, also known as the United States Women's Amateur Golf Championship, is the leading golf tournament in the United States for female amateur golfers. It is played annually and is one of the 13 United States national golf championships organized by the United States Golf Association (USGA). Female amateurs from all nations are eligible to compete and there are no age restrictions. It was established in 1895, one month after the men's U.S. Amateur and U.S. Open.  It is the third oldest USGA championship, over a half century older than the U.S. Women's Open, which was first played in 1946.  Along with the British Ladies Amateur, the U.S. Women's Amateur is considered the highest honor in women's amateur golf.
2023 Singapore Football League
The 2023 Singapore Football League is the 47th season of the Singapore Football League. The league will feature promotion and relegation between football clubs in League 1, 2 and the Island Wide League.

Football club (association football)
In association football, a football club (or association football club, alternatively soccer club) is a sports club that acts as an entity through which association football teams organise their sporting activities. The club can exist either as an independent unit or as part of a larger sports organization as a subsidiary of the parent club or organization.

The sport of association football allows teams that partake in some sort of club activity to participate in tournaments such as leagues and other competitions. Teams must register their players as well as staff and other personnel to be eligible to represent the club in any activity as it regards to association football competitions.
Onychoteuthis
Onychoteuthis is a genus of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. The type species is Onychoteuthis bergii. While the genus is found worldwide in tropical and subtropical oceans, they can also occur in the North Pacific Ocean. There were previously considered to be four species in the genus but there are now considered to be roughly 10. These squid are frequently observed in the surface waters at night and they are often caught using dipnet at nightlight stations. The young squid are usually the only specimens captured using standard midwater trawls, the older squid are apparently able to avoid the trawls. They can, however be collected from the air as individuals are able to leap high out of the water, sometimes even landing on the deck of a ship.

Cephalopod limb
All cephalopods possess flexible limbs extending from their heads and surrounding their beaks. These appendages, which function as muscular hydrostats, have been variously termed arms, legs or tentacles.
Jeffrey Moriarty
Jeffrey Moriarty is an American philosopher and Professor of Philosophy and Executive Director of the Hoffman Center for Business Ethics at Bentley University.
He is a former president of the Society for Business Ethics and is known for his works on business ethics.
Moriarty is a recipient of the Louis O. Kelso Fellowship.

Society for Business Ethics
The Society for Business Ethics is a non-profit organization established in 1980 to promote the advancement and understanding of ethics in business. Its mission is to provide a forum in which moral, legal, empirical, and philosophical issues of business ethics may be openly discussed and analyzed. Members include scholars, students, and professionals from several countries with a common interest in research, teaching, or the application of ethical principles to business management. The society sponsors a scholarly journal, Business Ethics Quarterly, publishes a newsletter, and hosts an annual conference. Individual members receive access to the journal, the right to vote for candidates for the Board of Directors, and a discount on registration for the annual conference.
2000 Kipawa earthquake
The 2000 Kipawa earthquake (or 2000 Kipawa "Millennium" earthquake) struck Quebec and Ontario, Canada with a body wave magnitude of 5.2 at 6:22 a.m. on January 1. It occurred in the Western Quebec seismic zone. The main shock epicenter was located in Lake Kipawa about 10 km (6 mi) north of Témiscaming in southwestern Quebec and 70 km (43 mi) northeast of North Bay, Ontario. The shaking was strongest within 50 km (31 mi) of the epicenter. It was felt in Témiscaming, North Bay and as far away as Toronto, making it one of the most significant earthquakes in Canada in 2000. The earthquake was triggered by major thrust faults associated with the Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben.

Minor damage was reported during this earthquake, including fallen light objects, a damaged ventilation pipe and fractures in plaster. Its epicenter was very close to that of the 1935 Timiskaming earthquake and lies in a group of 76 located earthquakes since 1935. Seventeen aftershocks were recorded.

Aftershock
In seismology, an aftershock is a smaller earthquake that follows a larger earthquake, in the same area of the main shock, caused as the displaced crust adjusts to the effects of the main shock. Large earthquakes can have hundreds to thousands of instrumentally detectable aftershocks, which steadily decrease in magnitude and frequency according to a consistent pattern. In some earthquakes the main rupture happens in two or more steps, resulting in multiple main shocks. These are known as doublet earthquakes, and in general can be distinguished from aftershocks in having similar magnitudes and nearly identical seismic waveforms.
I Wanna Make You My Lady
"I Wanna Make You My Lady" is a song by Australian singer songwriter Mark Holden. It was recorded and released as the second single from Holden's second studio album, Let Me Love You (1976). The song was a commercial success in Australia, peaking at number 11 on the Kent Music Report.

The song is an English translation of the Swedish song "Jag ska fånga en ängel", originally written by Swedish singer-songwriters Ted and Kenneth Gärdestad, with English lyrics written by Gary Osborne.

Gary Osborne
Gary Osborne (born 1949 in London) is an English singer and songwriter. He chaired The Songwriters Executive of the British Academy Of Songwriters Composers and Authors for 12 years during which time he was also chairman of The Ivor Novello Awards.
Osborne's early career included presenting the 1960s radio show Cool Britania on the BBC World Service and a stint with RCA Records in its A&R department.
Doris Totten Chase
Doris Totten Chase (29 April 1923 – 13 December 2008) was an American painter, teacher, and sculptor. She was a member of the Northwest School. Chase had a career as a painter and sculptor before moving to New York, where she made video art.

Seattle Art Museum
The Seattle Art Museum (commonly known as SAM) is an art museum located in Seattle, Washington, United States. The museum operates three major facilities: its main museum in downtown Seattle; the Seattle Asian Art Museum in Volunteer Park, Capitol Hill; and Olympic Sculpture Park on the central Seattle waterfront, which opened in 2007.
Dave Dolch
Dave Dolch (born April 30, 1955) is an American former football coach. He served as the head football coach at was the head football coach at Bowie State University in Bowie, Maryland from 1986 to 1988 and in Morningside College in Sioux City, Iowa from 1989 to 1992, compiling a career college football coaching record of 28–43–3.

Dolch graduated in 1973 from Northeast High School in Pasadena, Maryland. He then played college football at Western Maryland College—now known as McDaniel College—in Westminster, Maryland and was captain of the Green Terror as a senior.

Morningside University
Morningside University is a private university affiliated with the United Methodist Church and located in Sioux City, Iowa, United States. Founded in 1894 by the Methodist Episcopal Church, Morningside University has 21 buildings on a 68-acre (280,000 m2) campus in Sioux City (area population 143,157 in 2008). The Morningside College Historic District, which includes most of the campus, is on the National Register of Historic Places. Morningside College officially became Morningside University on June 1, 2021.
Ampasimazava, Vavatenina
Ampasimazava is a town and commune (Malagasy: kaominina) in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Vavatenina, which is a part of Analanjirofo Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 10,000 in 2001 commune census.

Only primary schooling is available. The majority 80% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 5% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are cloves and lychee.  Services provide employment for 15% of the population.

Clove
Cloves are the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, Syzygium aromaticum (/sɪˈzɪdʒiːəm ˌærəˈmætɪkəm/). They are native to the Maluku Islands, or Moluccas, in Indonesia, and are commonly used as a spice, flavoring, or fragrance in consumer products, such as toothpaste, soaps, or cosmetics. Cloves are available throughout the year owing to different harvest seasons across various countries.
Annual Review of Law and Social Science
The Annual Review of Law and Social Science is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes an annual volume of review articles relevant to the interconnection of law, culture, social structure, and society. It was established in 2005 and is published by Annual Reviews. Its current editor is Carol A. Heimer. As of 2023, it is being published as open access, under the Subscribe to Open model.

EBSCO Information Services
EBSCO Information Services, headquartered in Ipswich, Massachusetts, is a division of EBSCO Industries Inc., a private company headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama. EBSCO provides products and services to libraries of many types around the world. Its products include EBSCONET, a complete e-resource management system, and EBSCOhost, which supplies a fee-based online research service with 375 full-text databases, a collection of 600,000-plus ebooks, subject indexes, point-of-care medical references, and an array of historical digital archives. In 2010, EBSCO introduced its EBSCO Discovery Service (EDS) to institutions, which allows searches of a portfolio of journals and magazines.