hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Socialism in Hong Kong
Socialism in Hong Kong is a political trend taking root from Marxism and Leninism which was introduced to Hong Kong in the early 1920s. Ever since the Chinese Communist Party adopted economic reforms from 1978, young socialists have moved towards the pro-democracy camp under the banner of social democracy while traditional leftists remain in the pro-Beijing camp.

Historically, socialist trends in Hong Kong have taken various forms, including Marxism–Leninism, Maoism, Trotskyism, democratic socialism and liberal socialism, with the Marxist–Leninists being the most dominant faction due to the influence of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) regime in the mainland. The "traditional leftists" became the largest force representing the pro-Beijing camp in the post-war decades, which had an uneasy relationship with the colonial authorities.

Lee Cheuk-yan
Lee Cheuk-yan (Chinese: 李卓人; born 12 February 1957 in Shanghai) is a Hong Kong politician and social activist. He was a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1995 to 2016, when he lost his seat. He represented the Kowloon West and the Manufacturing constituencies briefly in 1995 and had been representing the New Territories West constituency from 1998 to 2016. He is a former trade union leader, former General Secretary of the Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions, as well as former chairman of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China. He has been jailed since April 2021 for his role in the Hong Kong anti-extradition bill protests, having been sentenced for organizing two unauthorized assemblies; for an alleged offence of subversion of the state, no trial date has been set as of February 2024.
Martin Vingron
Martin Vingron (born October 5 1961) is an Austrian mathematician working in the fields of bioinformatics and computational biology. Since 2000, he has been Director of the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics.

Computational biology
Computational biology refers to the use of techniques in computer science, data analysis, mathematical modeling and computational simulations to understand biological systems and relationships. An intersection of computer science, biology, and data science, the field also has foundations in applied mathematics, molecular biology, cell biology, chemistry, and genetics.
At It Again (film)
At It Again  is a 1912 American short silent comedy film produced and directed by Mack Sennett. The film stars  
Fred Mace, Mack Sennett, Ford Sterling, Mabel Normand and Alice Davenport.

It was distributed by the Mutual Film Corporation. The film was the first Keystone Film comedy that featured the two bumbling detectives.

The film was released on November 4, 1912; in a split reel with Mabel's Lovers. Silent Era reports the survival status of the film as unknown.

It's notable that Sennett headed two of the most influential American slapstick film studios: the Keystone Film Company (1912–1917), and Mack Sennett Comedies (1917–1933).

Mutual Film
Mutual Film Corporation was an early American film conglomerate that produced some of Charlie Chaplin's greatest comedies. Founded in 1912, it was absorbed by Film Booking Offices of America, which evolved into RKO Pictures.
Carl Traugott Beilschmied
Carl Traugott Beilschmied (19 October 1793 in Langenöls – 6 May 1848 in Herrnstadt) was a German pharmacist and botanist, known for his research in phytogeography.

Prior to 1820, he trained and worked in pharmacies in Beuthen, Breslau and Berlin. He then studied at the University of Bonn, where he came under the influence of Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck. In 1822 he began work as a provisor at a pharmacy in Ohlau, becoming its manager in 1826. In 1837 he received an honorary doctorate from the University of Breslau, and during the following year, became a member of the Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina.

As a taxonomist he described several botanical subfamilies. The genus Beilschmiedia was named in his honour by Nees von Esenbeck.

Phytogeography
Phytogeography (from Greek  φυτόν, phytón 'plant' and  γεωγραφία, geographía 'geography' meaning also distribution) or botanical geography is the branch of biogeography that is concerned with the geographic distribution of plant species and their influence on the earth's surface. Phytogeography is concerned with all aspects of plant distribution, from the controls on the distribution of individual species ranges (at both large and small scales, see species distribution) to the factors that govern the composition of entire communities and floras. Geobotany, by contrast, focuses on the geographic space's influence on plants.
James Flanagan (rower)
James Showers Flanagan (August 3, 1878 – March 28, 1937) was an American rower who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics. In 1904, he was part of the American boat, which won the gold medal in the eights.

1904 Summer Olympics
The 1904 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the III Olympiad and also known as St. Louis 1904) were an international multi-sport event held in St. Louis, Missouri, United States, from 1 July to 23 November 1904. Many events were conducted at what is now known as Francis Field on the campus of Washington University in St. Louis. This was the first time that the Olympic Games were held outside Europe.

Tensions caused by the Russo–Japanese War and difficulties in traveling to St. Louis resulted in very few top-class athletes from outside the United States and Canada taking part in the 1904 Games. Only 69–74 of the 651 athletes who competed came from outside North America, and only between 12 and 15 nations were represented in all. Some events subsequently combined the U.S. national championship with the Olympic championship. The current three-medal format of gold, silver and bronze for first, second and third place was introduced at the 1904 Olympics.
Trichilia
Trichilia is a flowering plant genus in the mahogany family. These plants are particularly diverse in sub-Saharan Africa and tropical South America.

Several species are used in folk medicine and shamanism – e.g. T. rubescens against malaria, T. tocacheana as a hallucinogen, and T. catigua in the aphrodisiac and stimulant catuaba. T. emetica wood, also known as Natal mahogany or Cape mahogany is the traditional material of choice for Mozambique's famous psikhelekedana miniature artists. Trichilia dregeana, or forest mahogany also yields timber and is also used in carvings, traditional African musical instruments, household implements, furniture, bats and canoes.

Psikhelekedana
Psikhelekedana is a traditional art form from the south of Mozambique that is dating back to at least colonial times. Psikhelekedana are miniature models consisting of small wood carvings painted in bright, glossy colors.
Diocese of Dundo
The Diocese of Dundo (Latin: Dioecesis Dundensis) is a Latin Catholic ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Angola. In 2016, it had 366,700 baptised out of 800,000 inhabitants. It is governed by Bishop Estanislau Marques Chindekasse S.V.D. Its episcopal see is the city of Dundo. The Diocese of Dundo is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Saurímo in Angola.

Suffragan diocese
A suffragan diocese is one of the dioceses other than the metropolitan archdiocese that constitute an ecclesiastical province. It exists in some Christian denominations, in particular the Catholic Church, the Episcopal Church, Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, and the Romanian Orthodox Church.

In the Catholic Church, although such a diocese is governed by its own bishop or ordinary, who is the suffragan bishop, the metropolitan archbishop has in its regard certain rights and duties of oversight. He has no power of governance within a suffragan diocese, but has some limited rights and duties to intervene in cases of neglect by the authorities of the diocese itself.
Rene van der Merwe
Rene van der Merwe (born 15 June 1986) is a South African female high jumper. She was the gold medallist at the 2006 African Championships in Athletics, extending her country's success in the event from Hestrie Cloete. She went on to compete for Africa at the 2006 IAAF World Cup. The following year, she was fourth at the 2007 All-Africa Games.

She also represented her country at the 2009 Summer Universiade, where she set her personal best height of 1.85 m (6 ft 3⁄4 in).

2007 All-Africa Games
The 9th All-Africa Games (Arabic: الألعاب الأفريقية التاسعة; French: 9e Jeux africains), also known as Algiers 2007 (Arabic: الجزائر 2007), took place from 11 to 23 July 2007 in Algiers, the capital city of Algeria. Algiers became the first city to hold All-Africa Games for a second time. The 1978 All-Africa Games were also held there. Besides Algeria, only Nigeria had hosted the event twice, but with different host cities. 4,793 athletes from 52 nations took part in the 2007 Games.
Jack A. Brown
Jack A. Brown (May 2, 1929 – October 28, 2015) was an American rancher and politician.

Born in St. Johns, Arizona, Brown received his bachelor's degree in agriculture and economics from Brigham Young University. Brown participated in the real estate business. Brown served in the Arizona House of Representatives from 1963–1974, 1987–1996 and from 2004–2010. He also served in the Arizona State Senate from 1999 to 2004 and was a Democrat.

Brown was an active member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. He served as a missionary for the Church in Brazil from 1948–1951. He also served as a bishop over a ward of the Church.

St. Johns, Arizona
St. Johns (Navajo: Tsézhin Deezʼáhí, pronounced [tsʰéʒìn téːzʔáhí]) is a city in and the county seat of Apache County, Arizona, United States. It is located along U.S. Route 180, mostly west of where that highway intersects with U.S. Route 191. As of the 2020 census, St. Johns had a population of 3,417.
39th Delaware General Assembly
The 39th Delaware General Assembly was a meeting of the legislative branch of the state government, consisting of the Delaware Senate and the Delaware House of Representatives. Elections were held the first Tuesday of October and terms began on the first Tuesday in January. It met in Dover, convening January 3, 1815, two weeks before the beginning of the second year of the administration of Governor Daniel Rodney.

The apportionment of seats was permanently assigned to three senators and seven representatives for each of the three counties. Population of the county did not effect the number of delegates. Both chambers had a Federalist majority.

Daniel Rodney
Daniel Rodney (September 10, 1764 – September 2, 1846) was an American merchant and politician from Lewes in Sussex County, Delaware. He was a member of the Federalist Party, and later the National Republican Party, who served as Governor of Delaware, U. S. Representative from Delaware and U.S. Senator from Delaware.
Canute Guild
Canute Guild (Estonian: Kanuti gild; French: Guilde de Sainte-Canut) was a guild in Tallinn, Estonia. The guild was named after St
 Knud Lavard (1096−1131), son of Eric I of Denmark, Duke of Schleswig.

The guild was established probably in 13th century; it was mentioned first in 1326. At the beginning, the guild was composed of artisans and merchants. After the creation of the Great Guild (circa 14th century), the merchants relocated thence.

Most of the guild's members were Germans. For Estonians, becoming a member was restricted, especially between 1508 and 1698.

The guild closed in 1920, after around six centuries of service.

Estonians
Estonians or Estonian people (Estonian: eestlased) are a Finnic ethnic group native to the Baltic Sea region in Northern Europe, primarily their nation state of Estonia.

Estonians primarily speak the Estonian language, a language closely related to other Finnic languages, e.g. Finnish, Karelian and Livonian. Estonians can also be classified into subgroups according to dialects (e.g. Võros, Setos), although such divisions have become less pronounced due to internal migration and rapid urbanisation in Estonia in the 20th century.

There are approximately 1.1 million ethnic Estonians worldwide, with the majority of them residing in their native Estonia. Estonian diaspora communities formed primarily in Finland, the United States, Sweden, Canada, and the United Kingdom.
2025 Pitcairnese general election
General elections were held in the Pitcairn Islands on 5 November 2025 to elect the mayor and members of the Island Council. Shawn Christian was elected as mayor and Charlene Warren-Peu as deputy mayor,  while Michele Christian, Torika Christian, Melva Evans, Shirley Young and outgoing mayor Simon Young  were elected to the Island Council.

Simon Young (mayor)
Simon Young (born 1965) is a British politician who served as the Mayor of Pitcairn from 2023 to 2025, the first non-native Pitcairn Islander to hold the position. Prior to this, he served as Deputy Mayor from 2009 to 2013.
Rezvi Sheriff
Mohamed Hussain Rezvi Sheriff is a retired Sri Lankan academic, nephrologist, and physician. He served as director of the Postgraduate Institute of Medicine, senior professor of medicine, and head of the Department of Clinical Medicine at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo. He was a senior professor of medicine at General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University from 2018 until his retirement. He is a consultant physician and nephrologist at the National Hospital of Sri Lanka. He is also the founder and owner of Western Hospital.

Ceylon College of Physicians
The Ceylon College of Physicians (CCP) is a professional organisation for specialists in medicine in Sri Lanka. It is a non-profit organisation, and members contribute towards its activities voluntarily. Its specialities currently include cardiology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, nephrology, neurology, pulmonology, rheumatology and rehabilitation medicine. The college currently consists of over 700 members.
PForth
pForth (Portable Forth) is a portable implementation of the Forth programming language written in ANSI C. It differs from the other distributions of Forth in that it strives for portability over performance.

The pForth implementation of Forth is an open source programming language.

Computer performance
In computing, computer performance is the amount of useful work accomplished by a computer system. Outside of specific contexts, computer performance is estimated in terms of accuracy, efficiency and speed of executing computer program instructions. When it comes to high computer performance, one or more of the following factors might be involved:

Short response time for a given piece of work.

High throughput (rate of processing work tasks).

Low utilization of computing resources.
Fast (or highly compact) data compression and decompression.

High availability of the computing system or application.

High bandwidth.

Short data transmission time.
Károly Bura
Károly Bura (October 21, 1881–June 1, 1934) was a Romani Hungarian first violinist and activist, best known for his involvement in various associations for Romani musicians' rights in the early 20th century.

Romani people in Hungary
Romani people in Hungary (also known as Roma; Hungarian: Romák, magyar cigányok) are the Romani people living in Hungary. According to the 2011 census, they comprise 3.18% of the total population, which alone makes them the largest minority in the country, although various estimations have put the number of Romani people as high as 8.8% of the total population. They are sometimes referred as Hungarian Gypsies, but that is sometimes considered to be a racial slur.
2015 Rugby League European Championship
The 2015 Rugby League European Championship was an international rugby league football tournament. The tournament took place between 16 October and 7 November in Wales, France, Scotland and Ireland.

Scotland were the defending champions. Four teams competed in the 2015 event; Wales, Scotland, France and Ireland. Wales won the European Championship after winning all of their games putting them on top of the table with the maximum points tally of 6.

After the tournament's last game there would be no European Championship tournament until the 2018 Championship due to the events occurring such as the 2016 Four Nations, 2017 World Cup qualifying competitions and the 2017 World Cup Finals.

Ireland national rugby league team
The Ireland men's national rugby league team, known as the Wolfhounds, is organised by Rugby League Ireland and represents the entire isle of Ireland in international rugby league. The representative team is composed largely of players of Irish descent who compete in the Super League as well as the Australasian National Rugby League. Ireland is also represented by an Ireland A side, which is made up of players from the Irish domestic competition.

Since Ireland began competing in international rugby league in 1995, it has participated in the 1995 Rugby League Emerging Nations Tournament, the 1996 Super League World Nines, and five Rugby League World Cups – 2000, 2008, 2013, 2017 and 2021. They have also competed in the Rugby League European Nations Cup.

Although, the island of Ireland is separate from the island of Great Britain, Irish players such as Cork-born Brian Carney have in the past been selected to play for the Great Britain side.
MacOS Sierra
macOS Sierra (version 10.12) is the thirteenth major release of macOS (formerly known as OS X and Mac OS X), Apple's desktop and server operating system for Macintosh computers. The name "macOS" stems from the intention to unify the operating system's name with that of iOS, watchOS and tvOS. Sierra is named after the Sierra Nevada mountain range in California and Nevada. Specifically, Lone Pine Peak is the location for macOS Sierra's default wallpaper. Its major new features concern Continuity, iCloud, and windowing, as well as support for Apple Pay and Siri.

The first beta of macOS Sierra was released to developers shortly following the 2016 WWDC keynote on June 13, 2016. The first public-beta release followed on July 7, 2016. It was released to end users on September 20, 2016, as a free upgrade through the Mac App Store and it was succeeded by macOS High Sierra on September 25, 2017.

End user
In product development, an end user is a person who ultimately uses or is intended to ultimately use a product. The end user stands in contrast to users who support or maintain the product, such as sysops, system administrators, database administrators, information technology (IT) experts, software professionals, and computer technicians. End users typically do not possess the technical understanding or skill of the product designers, a fact easily overlooked and forgotten by designers: leading to features creating low customer satisfaction. In information technology, end users are not customers in the usual sense—they are typically employees of the customer. For example, if a large retail corporation buys a software package for its employees to use, even though the large retail corporation was the customer that purchased the software, the end users are the employees of the company, who will use the software at work.
Jane Mary Guest
Jane Mary Guest, also known as Jenny Guest and later as Jane Mary Miles, (c. 1762 – 20 March 1846) was an English composer and pianist. A pupil of Johann Christian Bach, and initially composing in the galante style, she composed keyboard sonatas, other keyboard works and vocal works with keyboard accompaniment. She was piano teacher to Princess Amelia and Princess Charlotte of Wales.

Piano pedagogy
Piano pedagogy is the study of the teaching of piano playing. Whereas the professional field of music education pertains to the teaching of music in school classrooms or group settings, piano pedagogy focuses on the teaching of musical skills to individual piano students. This is often done via private or semiprivate instructions, commonly referred to as piano lessons. The practitioners of piano pedagogy are called piano pedagogues, or simply, piano teachers.
Chris Bowers
Chris Bowers (born January 23, 1974) is a blogger for DailyKos and a manager of their email list.  He was a blogger and co-founder of OpenLeft, and was until July 2007 a front-page blogger for MyDD.  His focus is on polling and data-driven analysis of US politics, as well as of the blogosphere.

Bowers was a member of the Pennsylvania State Democratic Committee, representing the 8th district of the Pennsylvania State Senate, and a former resident of Philadelphia. Now he resides in Washington D.C. He is a former union organizer, and a strong supporter of organized labor.

Bowers has overseen netroots surveys that he says demonstrate that progressive Internet activists are driven more by partisanship and pragmatism than far-left ideology, and that show bloggers are influential on rank and file Democrats.

Pennsylvania State Senate
The Pennsylvania State Senate is the upper house of the bicameral Pennsylvania General Assembly, the Pennsylvania state legislature. Senators are elected for four-year terms, staggered every two years, such that half of the seats are contested at each election. Even- and odd-numbered district seats are contested in separate election years. The State Senate meets in the State Capitol building in Harrisburg, and has been meeting since 1791.

The president of the Senate is the lieutenant governor, who has no vote except to break a tie. The president pro tempore becomes the lieutenant governor in the event of the sitting lieutenant governor's removal, resignation or death. In this case the president pro tempore and lieutenant governor would be the same person.
Paropsides
Paropsides is a genus of beetles commonly called leaf beetles and in the subfamily Chrysomelinae. They are distributed from eastern Asia to eastern Australia.
Paropsides are small and specialist feeders on native Australian plants.
There are 21 species in Australia and they occur mainly on the south-eastern states.
The green Paropsides calypso is a native species which commonly attacks the lillipilli genus Syzygium.  
 Paropsides opposita feeds on Tea tree Melaleuca sp.

Paropsides belongs to the Paropsis-group of genera, with similar head, appendages, prosternum, elytra, tarsi and larva. Among these genera it is defined by possession of a single attribute, a full complement of pronotal (thoracic) trichobothria (bristles), which is almost certainly a plesiomorphy. Paropsides is therefore unlikely to be monophyletic.

Elytron
An elytron (/ˈɛlɪtrɒn/; from Ancient Greek  ἔλυτρον (élutron) 'sheath, cover'; pl.: elytra,  /ˈɛlɪtrə/) is a modified, hardened forewing of beetles (Coleoptera), though a few of the true bugs (Hemiptera) such as the family Schizopteridae are extremely similar; in true bugs, the forewings are called hemelytra (sometimes alternatively spelled as "hemielytra"), and in most species only the basal half is thickened while the apex is membranous, but when they are entirely thickened the condition is referred to as "coleopteroid". An elytron is sometimes also referred to as a shard.