hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chandernagore Government College
Chandernagore Government College, also known as Dupleix College (Bengali: চন্দননগর সরকারি কলেজ; French: Collège gouvernemental de Chandernagor) is a government college in Chandannagar, West Bengal, India. It is one of the oldest colleges in Hooghly district. It offers undergraduate courses in arts, commerce, and sciences. It is affiliated to University of Burdwan.

Hooghly district
Hooghly district is one of the 23 districts in the Indian state of West Bengal. It can alternatively be spelt Hoogli. The headquarters of the district is Chuchura. The district is named after the Hooghly River and is located in the Burdwan division. There are four subdivisions of the district: Chinsurah Sadar, Serampore, Chandannagore, and Arambagh.
Astrothelium valsoides
Astrothelium valsoides is a species of lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2017 by Marcela Eugenia da Silva Cáceres and André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected by the authors along a trail near a field station in the Adolfo Ducke Forest Reserve (Manaus); here it was found growing on tree bark in old-growth rainforest. The lichen has a dull olive-green thallus lacking a prothallus, with spherical to pear-shaped ascomata that are immersed in the thallus surface (up to 2 mm deep), and typically arranged in groups of 3 to 15. The ascospores number eight per ascus, are hyaline, usually have 13 to 15 septa, measure 69–80 by 15–17 μm, and have a gelatinous sheath. The species epithet refers to the groups of ascomata that are arranged in a way similar to those in genus Valsa.

Field research
Field research, field studies, or fieldwork is the collection of raw data outside a laboratory, library, or workplace setting. The approaches and methods used in field research vary across disciplines. For example, biologists who conduct field research may simply observe animals interacting with their environments, whereas social scientists conducting field research may interview or observe people in their natural environments to learn their languages, folklore, and social structures.

Field research involves a range of well-defined, although variable, methods: informal interviews, direct observation, participation in the life of the group, collective discussions, analyses of personal documents produced within the group, self-analysis, results from activities undertaken off- or on-line, and life-histories. Although the method generally is characterized as qualitative research, it may (and often does) include quantitative dimensions.
Jorge Fernando Genise
Jorge Fernando Genise is an Argentine palaeontologist and entomologist, specializing in ichnology. He has described several species of trace fossils in the Southern Cone.

He was active at the Bernardino Rivadavia Natural Sciences Argentine Museum, nowadays at the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas.

Southern Cone
The Southern Cone (Spanish: Cono Sur, Portuguese: Cone Sul) is a geographical and cultural subregion composed of the southernmost areas of South America, mostly south of the Tropic of Capricorn. Traditionally, it covers Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay, bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the east by the Atlantic Ocean. In terms of geography, the Southern Cone comprises Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay, and sometimes includes Paraguay and Brazil's four southernmost states (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and São Paulo).

The Southern Cone is the subregion with the second highest Human Development Index and standard of living in the Americas, after Northern America.
Gilbert Harding
Gilbert Charles Harding (5 June 1907 – 16 November 1960) was a British journalist and radio and television personality. His many careers included schoolmaster, journalist, policeman, disc jockey, actor, interviewer and television presenter. He also appeared in several films, sometimes in character parts but usually as himself – for example in Expresso Bongo (1959).

Harding had a sizeable role alongside John Mills in the 1952 film The Gentle Gunman, and narrated the introduction to the film Pacific Destiny (1956). He also made a couple of comedy records in the 1950s.

The Gentle Gunman
The Gentle Gunman is a 1952 British drama film directed by Basil Dearden and starring John Mills, Dirk Bogarde and Elizabeth Sellars. It was written by Roger MacDougall based on his 1950 play of the same title that was televised by the BBC in September 1950. It was produced by Ealing Studios. The film's sets were designed by the art director Jim Morahan.
Chloridoideae
Chloridoideae is one of the largest subfamilies of grasses, with roughly 150 genera and 1,600 species, mainly found in arid tropical or subtropical grasslands. Within the PACMAD clade, their sister group is the Danthonioideae. The subfamily includes widespread weeds such as Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), goosegrass (Eleusine indica) or finger grass (Chloris), but also millet species grown in some tropical regions, namely finger millet (Eleusine coracana) and teff (Eragrostis tef).

With the exception of some species in Ellisochloa and Eleusine indica, most of the subfamily's species use the C4 photosynthetic pathway. The first evolutionary transition from C3 to C4 photosynthesis in the grasses probably occurred in this subfamily, around 32 to 25 million years ago in the Oligocene.

Aridity
Aridity is the condition of geographical regions which make up approximately 43% of total global available land area, characterized by low annual precipitation, increased temperatures, and limited water availability. These areas tend to fall upon degraded soils, and their health and functioning are key necessities of regulating ecosystems’ atmospheric components.
Michael Seufert
Michael Lothar Mendes Seufert (born 15 April 1983, in Porto) is a Portuguese politician and was a member of the Assembly of the Republic, representing the conservative CDS-PP (CDS - Partido Popular) political party. He is a self-assumed classical liberal and a proponent of free-market capitalism.

Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)
The Assembly of the Republic (Portuguese: Assembleia da República, pronounced [ɐsẽˈblɐjɐ ðɐ ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ]), commonly referred to as simply Parliament (Portuguese: Parlamento), is the unicameral parliament of Portugal. According to the Constitution of Portugal, the parliament "is the representative assembly of all Portuguese citizens". The constitution names the assembly as one of the country's sovereignty bodies.

It meets in São Bento Palace, the historical site of an old Benedictine monastery. The palace has been the seat of the Portuguese parliaments since 1834 (Cortes until 1910, Congress from 1911 to 1926 and National Assembly from 1933 to 1974).
Rekhmire
Rekhmire was an ancient Egyptian noble and official of the 18th Dynasty who served as "Governor of the Town" (Thebes) and Vizier during the reigns of Thutmosis III and Amenhotep II, circa 1400 BCE. He was the nephew of Vizier User, who took office at the time of the fifth year of Queen Hatshepsut’s reign. User's official titles included mayor of the city, vizier, and prince. Rekhmire is noted for constructing a lavishly decorated tomb for himself in Sheikh Abd el-Qurna, part of the Theban Necropolis, containing lively, well preserved scenes of daily life during the Egyptian New Kingdom. His tomb is also important as it contains a full copy of a text detailing the duties of the office of the vizier, known as the Installation of the Vizier.

He was also High Priest of Annu or Heliopolis. The cause of his political and personal downfall remains unclear. It is suspected that he fell into disgrace and was deposed. His tomb was Theban Tomb 100.

Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty spanned the period from 1550/1549 to 1292 BC. This dynasty is also known as the Thutmoside Dynasty: 156  for the four pharaohs named Thutmose.

Several of Egypt's most famous pharaohs were from the Eighteenth Dynasty, including Tutankhamun (c. 1341 BC – c. 1323 BC). Other famous pharaohs of the dynasty include Hatshepsut (c. 1479 BC–1458 BC), the longest-reigning woman pharaoh of an indigenous dynasty, and Akhenaten (c. 1353–1336 BC), the "heretic pharaoh", with his Great Royal Wife, Nefertiti.

The Eighteenth Dynasty is unique among indigenous Egyptian dynasties in that it had two queens regnant women who ruled as pharaohs: Hatshepsut and Neferneferuaten, usually identified as Nefertiti.
Hal Epps
Harold Franklin "Hal" Epps (March 26, 1914 – August 25, 2004) was an outfielder for the St. Louis Cardinals, St. Louis Browns, and Philadelphia Athletics.

Although he only spent parts of four seasons in the majors, Epps had an 18-year professional baseball career. He compiled a .300 minor league average and led the Texas League in triples three times (1938, 1938, and 1947).

When his playing days were over, he managed semi-pro teams and then worked for many years for Armco Steel. During and after World War II, Epps served two years in the 25th Infantry Division, spending time in both the Philippines and Japan and leaving the service as a technician fourth grade. Upon his death, he was buried at the Houston National Cemetery.

Technician fourth grade
Technician fourth grade (abbreviated T/4 or Tec 4) was a rank of the United States Army from 1942 to 1948. The rank was created to recognize enlisted soldiers with special technical skills, but who were not trained as combat leaders.
Never Let You Go (Mando song)
"Never Let You Go" is a song recorded by Greek singer Mando, with music composed by herself, lyrics written by Teri Siganos, and produced by Johnny Jam. It represented Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2003, held in Riga. It was the first entry from Greece in the contest that did not feature any Greek lyrics.

Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2003
Ukraine was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2003 with the song "Hasta la vista", composed by Svika Pick, with lyrics by Mirit Shem-Or, and performed by Oleksandr Ponomariov. The Ukrainian participating broadcaster, the National Television Company of Ukraine (NTU), internally selected its entry for the contest. The song was presented to the public on 21 March 2003. This was the first-ever entry from Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest.

Ukraine competed in the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 24 May 2003. Performing during the show in position 16, Ukraine placed fourteenth out of the 26 participating countries, scoring 30 points.
Orbex
Orbital Express Launch Ltd., or Orbex, was a United Kingdom-based aerospace company that was developing commercial orbital launch vehicles, namely a small rocket called Prime and a medium-lift rocket called Proxima. Orbex was headquartered in Forres, Moray, in Scotland and had subsidiaries in Denmark and Germany. Orbex planned to build its future launch complex, Sutherland spaceport, on the A' Mhòine peninsula in the county of Sutherland, northern Scotland, if and when deemed necessary. After failed takeover talks with The Exploration Company, Orbex began insolvency proceedings in February 2026. The company ceased operations on 18 February 2026.

Forres
Forres (/ˈfɒrɪs/; Scottish Gaelic: Farrais) is a town and former royal burgh in the north of Scotland on the Moray coast, approximately 25 miles (40 km) northeast of Inverness and 12 miles (19 km) west of Elgin. Forres has been a winner of the Scotland in Bloom award on several occasions. There are many geographical and historical attractions nearby such as the River Findhorn, and there are also classical, historical artifacts and monuments within the town itself, such as Forres Tolbooth and Nelson's Tower. Brodie Castle, the home of the Brodie Clan, lies to the west of the town, close to the A96.
Polygnotus (crater)
Polygnotus is a crater on Mercury, named by the IAU in 1976, after ancient Greek painter Polygnotus.  The crater was first imaged by Mariner 10 in 1974.

Polygnotus has a central peak ring which is embayed with smooth plains material, which is very different in texture from the surrounding terrain.  It is one of 110 peak ring basins on Mercury.

Boethius crater is west of Polygnotus.  Tansen is to the northwest, and Motonobu is to the east.

Exaggerated color image with Polygnotus near center

Distant oblique view showing Polygnotus at right and Motonobu at top center

Mariner 10
Mariner 10 was an American robotic space probe launched by NASA on 3 November 1973, to fly by the planets Mercury and Venus. It was the first spacecraft to visit Mercury and the first to perform a flyby of multiple planets.

Mariner 10 was launched approximately two years after Mariner 9 and was the last spacecraft in the Mariner program. (Mariner 11 and Mariner 12 were allocated to the Voyager program and redesignated Voyager 1 and Voyager 2.)

The mission objectives were to measure Mercury's environment, atmosphere, surface, and body characteristics and to make similar investigations of Venus. Secondary objectives were to perform experiments in the interplanetary medium and to obtain experience with a dual-planet gravity assist mission. Mariner 10's science team was led by Bruce C. Murray at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Acacia floribunda
Acacia floribunda, commonly known as white sally wattle, gossamer wattle, river wattle or white-sallow wattle, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a spreading shrub or tree with often pendulous branches covered with soft hairs, linear to narrowly lance-shaped phyllodes, spikes of pale yellow to more or less white flowers and straight to strongly curved, firmly papery  pods.

Phyllode
Phyllodes are modified petioles or leaf stalks, which are leaf-like in both appearance and function. In some plants, these  become flattened and widened, while the leaf itself becomes reduced or vanishes altogether. Thus the phyllode comes to serve the purpose of the leaf. Some important examples are Euphorbia royleana which are cylindrical and Opuntia which are flattened.

They are common in the genus Acacia, especially the Australian species, at one time put in Acacia subg. Phyllodineae. Sometimes, especially on younger plants, partially formed phyllodes bearing reduced leaves can be seen. The illustration (to the right) of Acacia suaveolens from Novae Hollandiae plantarum specimen shows the juvenile true leaves, together with the developing phyllodes, and the phyllodes of the mature plant.

The genus, Daviesia, in the family Fabaceae, is characterised in part by the plants having phyllodes.
Ballistic coefficient
In ballistics, the ballistic coefficient (BC, Cb) of a body is a measure of its ability to overcome air resistance in flight. It is inversely proportional to the negative acceleration: a high number indicates a low negative acceleration—the drag on the body is small in proportion to its mass. BC can be expressed with the units kilogram-force per square meter (kgf/m2) or pounds per square inch (lb/in2) (where 1 lb/in2 corresponds to 703.06957829636 kgf/m2).

Kilogram-force
The kilogram-force (kgf or kgF), or kilopond (kp, from Latin: pondus, lit. 'weight'), is a non-standard gravitational metric unit of force. It is not accepted for use with the International System of Units (SI) and is deprecated for most uses. The kilogram-force is equal to the magnitude of the force exerted on one kilogram of mass in a 9.80665 m/s2 gravitational field (standard gravity, a conventional value approximating the average magnitude of gravity on Earth). That is, it is the weight of a kilogram under standard gravity. One kilogram-force is defined as 9.80665 N. Similarly, a gram-force is 9.80665 mN, and a milligram-force is 9.80665 μN.
Tulane Green Wave football
The Tulane Green Wave football team represents Tulane University in the sport of American football. The Green Wave compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as a member of the American Athletic Conference (The American). The football team is currently coached by Will Hall, the team plays its home games in Yulman Stadium on its campus in Uptown New Orleans.

Tulane Green Wave
The Tulane Green Wave are the athletic teams that represent Tulane University, located in New Orleans, Louisiana. Tulane competes in NCAA Division I as a member of the American Athletic Conference (The American). There are 14 Green Wave intercollegiate programs, two of which compete outside The American. Beach volleyball and bowling, women's sports that are not sponsored by The American, compete in Conference USA (CUSA).
GPS aircraft tracking
GPS aircraft tracking is a means of tracking the position of an aircraft fitted with a satellite navigation device. By communication with navigation satellites, detailed real-time data on flight variables can be passed to a server on the ground. This server stores the flight data, which can then be transmitted via telecommunications networks to organizations wishing to interpret it.

Real-time data
Real-time data (RTD) is information that is delivered immediately after collection. There is no delay in the timeliness of the information provided. Real-time data is often used for navigation or tracking. Such data is usually processed using real-time computing although it can also be stored for later or off-line data analysis.

Real-time data is not the same as dynamic data. Real-time data can be dynamic (e.g. a variable indicating current location) or static (e.g. a fresh log entry indicating location at a specific time).
Sir Hugh Paterson, 2nd Baronet
Sir Hugh Paterson, 2nd Baronet (circa 1685 – 23 March 1777) was a Scottish Jacobite and Member of the Parliament of Great Britain.

The son of Sir Hugh Paterson, 1st Baronet by his wife Barbara, daughter of Sir William Ruthven of Dunglass and Katherine, daughter of William Douglas, 1st Marquess of Douglas, he succeeded his father as second Baronet, of Bannockburn, on 21 December 1701. From 1710 to 1715 he was Member of Parliament for Stirlingshire.

On 21 February 1712, he married Lady Jean Erskine, daughter of Charles Erskine, Earl of Mar. They had a son Henry, who predeceased his father.

In 1716, Paterson was attainted and his baronetcy forfeit, because, as a Jacobite, he had participated in the Jacobite Rising of 1715. His niece, Clementina Walkinshaw, later became the mistress of Prince Charles Edward Stuart.

Attainder
In English common law, attainder was the metaphorical "stain" or "corruption of blood" which arose from being condemned for a serious capital crime (felony or treason). It entailed losing not only one's life, property and hereditary titles, but typically also the right to pass them on to one's heirs. Anyone condemned of capital crimes could be attainted, sometimes as a substitute for the dreaded common law treason.

Attainder by confession resulted from a guilty plea at the bar before judges or before the coroner in sanctuary. Attainder by verdict resulted from conviction by jury. Attainder by process resulted from a legislative act outlawing a fugitive (a bill of attainder). The last form is obsolete in England (and prohibited in the United States), and the other forms have been abolished.
Aurora Generator Test
Idaho National Laboratory ran the Aurora Generator Test in 2007 to demonstrate how a cyberattack could destroy physical components of the electric grid. The experiment used a computer program to rapidly open and close a diesel generator's circuit breakers out of phase from the rest of the grid, thereby subjecting the engine to abnormal torques and ultimately causing it to explode. This vulnerability is referred to as the Aurora Vulnerability.

This vulnerability is especially a concern because most grid equipment supports using Modbus and other legacy communications protocols that were designed without security in mind. As such, they do not support authentication, confidentiality, or replay protection.  This means that any attacker that can communicate with the device can control it and use the Aurora Vulnerability to destroy it.

Confidentiality
Confidentiality involves a set of rules or a promise sometimes executed through confidentiality agreements that limits the access to or places restrictions on the distribution of certain types of information.
Grecia Rojas Ortiz
Grecia Elena Rojas Ortiz is a Peruvian lawyer and politician. She served as Minister of Women and Vulnerable Populations in the government of Dina Boluarte December 2022 to January 2023. She is a graduate of the University of San Martín de Porres.

Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Populations
The Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Populations (Spanish: Ministerio de la Mujer y Poblaciones Vulnerables, MIMP) of Peru is the government ministry in charge of national policy regarding women and vulnerable populations. Its headquarters are located in Lima, Peru.

It is the only ministry in the country's government whose office is exclusive to women. As of 2025, the minister is Fanny Montellanos.
FC Ulytau
FC Ulytau (Kazakh: Ұлытау футбол клубы) is a Kazakhstani professional football club based in Jezkazgan. They were members of the Kazakhstan First Division and in 2024 were promoted to the Kazakhstan Premier League.

Kazakhstan First League
The Kazakhstan First Division (Kazakh: Қазақстан бірінші лигасы, romanized: Qazaqstan bırınşı ligasy) is the second division of football in Kazakhstan. The League is controlled by the Football Union of Kazakhstan and feeds into the Kazakhstan Premier League, having been founded in 1994. It runs from spring and to late autumn, making each championship correspond to a calendar year.
William Jones (Newfoundland politician)
Dr. William Edgar Jones (January 23, 1873 – February 16, 1930) was a physician and politician in Newfoundland. He represented Harbour Main in the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1919 to 1923 as a Liberal-Progressive member.

The son of Michael Jones, he was born in Harbour Grace and was educated at Saint Bonaventure's College and the University of Maryland. After completing his medical education in 1894, Jones set up practice in Avondale. In 1895, he married Teresa English. In 1913, with Louis Lawton, Jones established the Wabana Drug Company. He was elected to the Newfoundland assembly in 1919 and made an unsuccessful attempt for reelection in 1923 as an independent.

Harbour Main
Harbour Main, formerly Harbour Main-Whitbourne and Harbour Main-Bell Island, is a provincial electoral district for the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. From 1949 to 1975, the district elected two MHAs.

Between 1972 and the year 2000, it was a Tory stronghold, apart from a two-term Liberal breakthrough in the 1990s.

It includes the southern portion of the town of Conception Bay South and the town of Holyrood, the farthest extern of the St. John's Metropolitan Area. In 2011 the district had 9,005 eligible voters.

In pre-Confederation times when Newfoundland was a colony unto itself, Harbour Main was a district in elections of members of the General Assembly of Newfoundland.
Tuğba Koyuncu
Tuğba Koyuncu (née Karakaya; born February 16, 1991, in Kayseri, Turkey) is a Turkish middle-distance runner. She is a student of physical education and sports at the local Erciyes University. Karakaya was a member of the Fenerbahçe Athletics Club, where she was coached by Süleyman Altınok before she transferred to Enkaspor. The 169 cm (5 ft 7 in) tall athlete weighs 55 kg (121 lb).

Erciyes University
Erciyes University (Turkish: Erciyes Üniversitesi), commonly known as ERU, is a public research university in Kayseri, Turkey. It was established in 1978. The Council of Higher Education designated Erciyes University as one of the first ten research universities in Turkey and the only one located outside Istanbul, Ankara, and İzmir.