hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Listed buildings in Adisham
Adisham is a village and civil parish in the in the City of Canterbury district of Kent, England. It contains 14 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these one is grade I and 13 are grade II.

This list is based on the information retrieved online from Historic England.

City of Canterbury
Canterbury (/ˈkæntərbəri/), also known as the City of Canterbury, is a local government district with city status in Kent, England. It is named after its largest settlement, Canterbury, where the council is based. The district also includes the towns of Fordwich, Herne Bay and Whitstable, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. Parts of the district lie within the designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty of the Kent Downs.

The neighbouring districts (clockwise from east) are Thanet, Dover, Folkestone and Hythe, Ashford and Swale, all of which are also in Kent. To the north the district has a coast onto the North Sea.
Oppurg (Verwaltungsgemeinschaft)
Oppurg is a Verwaltungsgemeinschaft ("collective municipality") in the district Saale-Orla-Kreis, in Thuringia, Germany. The seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft is in Oppurg.

The Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Oppurg consists of the following municipalities:

Municipal association (Germany)
Municipal associations (German: Verwaltungsgemeinschaften, pronounced [fɛɐ̯ˈvaltʊŋsɡəˌmaɪ̯nʃaftn̩] ⓘ, lit. 'administrative communities') are statutory corporations or public bodies created by statute in the German federal states of Bavaria, Saxony, Thuringia, and Schleswig-Holstein. In Baden-Württemberg the term stipulated municipal association (German: vereinbarte Verwaltungsgemeinschaft) is used.
Ed Hodgkiss
Ed Hodgkiss (born October 23, 1970) is an American former Arena Football League (AFL) coach for the Los Angeles Avengers.

In 2001, Hodgkiss was hired from the Albany/Indiana Firebirds, where he served as their Offensive coordinator, to become the head coach of the Avengers. In his first season as head coach, Hodgkiss led the Avengers to their first ever playoff berth. He was fired in June 2008.

Indiana Firebirds
The Indiana Firebirds were a team in the Arena Football League. The team was based in Indianapolis, Indiana. Home games were played at the Conseco Fieldhouse, also the home of the Indiana Pacers of the National Basketball Association and Indiana Fever of the Women's National Basketball Association.
Gisela Niemeyer
Gisela Niemeyer (25 September 1923 – 7 February 2012) was a German judge. She was a judge of the Federal Fiscal Court and the Federal Constitutional Court. She was the first woman to take over the presidency of a German finance court.

Fiscal Court (Germany)
The Fiscal Court (German: Finanzgericht, abbreviated FG) is a specialised German court with fiscal jurisdiction. Under German law, the Fiscal Court is the court of first instance for legal action in fiscal disputes. The Fiscal Court rules on legal disputes between citizens and tax authorities (tax offices, customs authorities, family funds [Familienkassen] and the Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund in matters relating to pension benefits [Section 98 German Income Tax Act]).

The punishment of tax offenders is not one of the responsibilities of the Fiscal Courts. The Fiscal Courts are not an extended arm of the tax administration, but are legally independent like any other German court.

The structure of the German courts with fiscal jurisdiction is two-tiered. The appeals against decisions by the Fiscal Courts is heard by the Federal Fiscal Court.
Ohio State Route 3
State Route 3 (SR 3) is a major north–south (physically northeast-southwest) highway in Ohio which leads from Cincinnati to Cleveland by way of Columbus. It is the second longest state route in Ohio. For this reason, the road is also known as the 3-C Highway, a designation which antedates the Ohio state highway system.  It is the only state route to enter all three of Ohio's largest cities, though it has largely been bypassed by Interstate 71 (I-71).

Washington Court House, Ohio
Washington Court House (often abbreviated as Washington C.H.) is a city in Fayette County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. The population was 14,401 at the 2020 census. The area was initially settled by Virginia veterans of the American Revolution, who received the land from the government as payment for their service in the war.
William FitzAlan, 2nd Lord of Oswestry and Clun
William FitzAlan was a Norman nobleman who lived in Oswestry and Clun near Shrewsbury, along the medieval Welsh Marches. William was the son of William FitzAlan, controlling the castles of Clun and Oswestry and later became the High Sheriff of Shropshire. Many people today will often confuse William with his father, as their death dates are similar by 5 years.  Because of this, it is important to know that this William was married to Mary Erington, the daughter of Thomas.  William's father William (d. 1210) married the daughter of Hugh de Lacy, whose name is never mentioned in any documents. When William came to inherit his lands in 1210, King John demanded a fee of 10,000 marks; unable to pay, William was unable to inherit. He only outlived his father by a few years, dying around Easter 1215. The estates were eventually reclaimed by his younger brother John Fitzalan.

Oswestry
Oswestry (/ˈɒzwəstri/ OZ-wəss-tree; Welsh: Croesoswallt) is a market town, civil parish and historic railway town in Shropshire, England, close to the Welsh border. It is at the junction of the A5, A483 and A495 roads.

The town was the administrative headquarters of the Borough of Oswestry until that was abolished in 2009. At the 2021 Census, the population of Oswestry was 17,509. The town is five miles (8.0 km) from the Welsh border and has a mixed English and Welsh heritage.

Oswestry is the largest settlement within the Oswestry Uplands, a designated natural area and national character area.
Auguste Vincent
Auguste Vincent (27 June 1915 – 22 October 1998) was a Canadian lawyer and politician. Vincent served as a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. Born in Lorrainville, Quebec.

He was first elected at the Longueuil riding in the 1953 general election and re-elected for a second term in 1957. In the 1958 election he was defeated by Pierre Sévigny of the Progressive Conservative party. Vincent also made an unsuccessful bid to return to Parliament at Longueuil in the 1962 election.

1958 Canadian federal election
The 1958 Canadian federal election was held to elect members  of the House of Commons of Canada of the 24th Parliament of Canada on March 31, 1958, just nine months after the 23rd election. It transformed Prime Minister John Diefenbaker's minority into the largest majority government in Canadian history and the second-largest percentage of the popular vote; only Unionist Prime Minister Robert Borden’s triumph in the 1917 federal election, at 56.93 percent, was higher. Although the Tories would surpass their 1958-seat total in the 1984 election, the 1958 result (achieved in a smaller House) remains unmatched both in terms of percentage of seats (78.5%) and the size of the government majority over all opposition parties (a 151-seat majority). Voter turnout was 79.4%, the highest percentage of eligible electors to cast a ballot in Canadian federal election history.
Reedham Swing Bridge
Reedham Swing Bridge, on the site of a Victorian swing bridge, is still in use at Reedham, Norfolk, England.

It carries the Wherry railway line, between Norwich and Lowestoft, across the River Yare near Reedham railway station.

The original single track bridge was commissioned by Sir Samuel Morton Peto in the 1840s to allow the passage of wherry boats, which were too tall to pass under conventional bridges. The current bridge dates from 1902 to 1903 prior to the doubling of the track.

The bridge is operated from the 1904 Reedham Swing Bridge signal box. In a typical year, it is opened 1,300 times.

Wherry
A wherry is a type of boat that was traditionally used for carrying cargo or passengers on rivers and canals in England, and is particularly associated with the River Thames and the River Cam. They were also used on the Broadland rivers of Norfolk and Suffolk.
Canadian Pacific 1201
Canadian Pacific 1201 is a G5a class 4-6-2 "Pacific" type steam locomotive, built in 1944 by the Canadian Pacific Railway's (CP) Angus shops in Montreal, Quebec. It is preserved at the Canada Science and Technology Museum (NMST).

Carstens Publications
Carstens Publications, Inc. was a publisher of books and magazines related to the railroad and airplane hobby fields that operated under various names from 1933 to 2014. Carstens was the chief competitor to Kalmbach Publishing in the scale model hobby and enthusiast field.

At its closing, the company published three monthly magazines: Railroad Model Craftsman, Railfan & Railroad, and Flying Models. The company also published annuals, including The On30 Annual, The HOn3 Annual, and Great Railroad Photography. Carstens also published books on railroad history, scale model railroading, aviation, and model airplanes.
Carroll County Courthouse (Illinois)
The Carroll County Courthouse, located in Courthouse Square in Mount Carroll, is the county courthouse of Carroll County, Illinois. The courthouse, which was designed by Chicago architects Olmstead and Nicholson, was built in 1858 and has been used continuously since. During the Civil War, the courthouse also served as a barracks for the county's troops prior to their commissioning. The Lorado Taft Monument, a memorial to the county's Civil War veterans, was added to the site in 1891. According to Ripley's Believe It or Not, the monument is the only Civil War memorial with an annex, which was added to fit names which had been left off the original memorial.

The courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 26, 1973.

Lorado Taft
Lorado Zadok Taft (April 29, 1860 – October 30, 1936) was an American sculptor, writer and educator. Part of the American Renaissance movement, his monumental pieces include, Fountain of Time, Spirit of the Great Lakes, and The Eternal Indian. His 1903 book, The History of American Sculpture, was the first survey of the subject and stood for decades as the standard reference. With what were seen as progressive views on the subject, he has been credited with helping to advance the status of women as sculptors.

Taft was the father of U.S. Representative Emily Taft Douglas, father-in-law to her husband, U.S. Senator Paul Douglas, and a distant relative of U.S. President William Howard Taft.
Louis II de Beaumont-Bressuire
Louis II de Beaumont-Bressuire also known as Louis II of Beaumont -  also known as Louis de Beaumont, and also known as Louis of the  Forest, (1407-1477), was a French Knight and Lord of Bressuire,  the Plessis-Macé, and of  Missé, and Commequiers,   He was  also Chamberlain of Louis XI. He also was the brother of André de Beaumont, grand master of Crossbowmen of France.

Bressuire
Bressuire (French pronunciation: [bʁɛsɥiʁ]; Latin: Berceorium; Poitevin: Beurseure) is a commune in the French department of Deux-Sèvres, region of  Nouvelle-Aquitaine. The town is situated on an eminence overlooking the Dolo, a tributary of the Argenton.
Karl Schwarzschild
Karl Schwarzschild (German: [kaʁl ˈʃvaʁtsʃɪlt] ⓘ; 9 October 1873 – 11 May 1916) was a German physicist and astronomer.

Schwarzschild provided the first exact solution to the Einstein field equations of general relativity, for the limited case of a single spherical non-rotating mass, which he accomplished in 1915, the same year that Einstein first introduced general relativity. The Schwarzschild solution, which makes use of Schwarzschild coordinates and the Schwarzschild metric, leads to a derivation of the Schwarzschild radius, which is the size of the event horizon of a non-rotating black hole.

Schwarzschild accomplished this while serving in the German army during World War I. He died the following year, possibly from the autoimmune disease pemphigus, which he developed while at the Russian front.

Asteroid 837 Schwarzschilda is named in his honour, as is the large crater Schwarzschild, on the far side of the Moon.

Autoimmunity
In immunology, autoimmunity is the system of immune responses of an organism against its own healthy cells, tissues and other normal body constituents. Any disease resulting from this type of immune response is termed an "autoimmune disease". Prominent examples include celiac disease, diabetes mellitus type 1, Henoch–Schönlein purpura, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Addison's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and multiple sclerosis. Autoimmune diseases are very often treated with steroids.

Autoimmunity means presence of antibodies or T cells that react with self-protein and is present in all individuals, even in normal health state. It causes autoimmune diseases if self-reactivity can lead to tissue damage.
The Laws of Thermodynamics
The Laws of Thermodynamics (Spanish: Las leyes de la termodinámica) is a 2018 Spanish comedy film directed and written by Mateo Gil. The film is a romantic comedy, but is presented partially as a documentary with protagonist "physics geek" Manel attempting to explain the characters behaviour and emotion using the laws.

Mateo Gil
Mateo Gil Rodríguez (born 23 September 1972, Las Palmas, Spain) is a Spanish film director, screenwriter, second unit director, assistant director, cinematographer, editor and producer.

He co-wrote most of Alejandro Amenábar's films with him, and also served as second unit or assistant director in two of his films. Amenábar's The Sea Inside, which Gil co-wrote, won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.

He was nominated for seven Goya Awards including Best New Director and Best Director, and won four: Best Original Screenplay for The Sea Inside and Agora, Best Adapted Screenplay for The Method and Best Short Film - Fiction for Dime que yo.
Alex Bogdanovic
Aleksa Bogdanovic (Serbian: Алекса Богдановић, Aleksa Bogdanović; born 22 May 1984) is a retired Serbian-born British tennis player and former British No. 2 in singles. On the professional tour, he won nine Challenger and four Futures titles in singles, but never broke into the top 100 of the ATP rankings.

Bogdanovic competed in 22 Grand Slam singles qualifying tournaments, and qualified for the main draw only once, at the 2004 US Open, where he lost in the first round. He also received a wildcard into the Wimbledon singles main draw for eight consecutive years (from 2002 to 2009), but was eliminated in the first round each time, winning a total of just three sets across those matches.

Surbiton Trophy
The Surbiton Trophy was a tennis tournament for male and female professional players played on grass courts. The event was held annually in Surbiton, England, from 1997 through 2008 as part of the ATP Challenger Series and ITF Women's Circuit. In 2009, it was replaced by the Aegon Trophy in Nottingham. In 2015, the event resumed on both the ATP Challenger Tour and ITF Women's Circuit. It was the successor tournament to the Surrey Championships (1890–1981) also played at the same venue and location. The mixed event came to an end in 2024.

The tournament was not held in 2020 and 2021 because of the COVID-19 pandemic, but returned in 2022.

Jim Thomas is the doubles record holder with four titles, while Kristina Brandi is the singles record holder with three titles, including back to back wins.

As of 2023, Yanina Wickmayer became the first person to win both the singles and doubles titles in the same year.
Victor Kennedy
Martin Victor Kennedy (1895–1952), known widely as Victor Kennedy, was an author, journalist and significant figure in Australian literature. Born in Eaglehawk near Bendigo on 11 August 1895 to Martin William and Mary Jane Kennedy (née Turner). Kennedy was a journalist for the Shepparton Advertiser, after which he wrote for the Geraldton Guardian before becoming editor at the Geraldton Express. He later moved to Queensland from 1926 to 1942 where he founded the literary periodical Northern Affairs. A member of the Bread and Cheese Club, he was also president of the Australian Literature Society and Associate General Editor of the Jindyworobak Club. He started a biography of Bernard O'Dowd, unfinished at his death but completed by writer Nettie Palmer.

Nettie Palmer
Janet Gertrude "Nettie" Palmer (née Higgins) (18 August 1885 – 19 October 1964) was an Australian poet, essayist and Australia's leading literary critic of her day. She corresponded with women writers and collated the Centenary Gift Book which gathered together writing by Victorian women.
Sven Högström
Sven Axel Högström (8 October 1908 – 12 November 1995) was a Finnish jurist and politician, born in Hanko. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1954 to 1966, representing the Swedish People's Party of Finland. He served as Minister of Justice from 22 September 1951 to 16 November 1951 and from 29 August 1958 to 13 January 1959. Högström was the mayor of Ekenäs from 1938 to 1960. He was a presidential elector in the 1950, 1956 and 1962 presidential elections.

Hanko, Finland
Hanko (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈhɑŋko]; Swedish: Hangö) is a town in Finland, located in the southern coast of the country. Hanko is situated in the western part of the Uusimaa region. The population of Hanko is approximately 8,000. It is the 121st most populous municipality in Finland.

Hanko is located 130 kilometres (80 mi) west of Helsinki and 35 kilometres (22 mi) south-west of Ekenäs.

The Port of Hanko is today the 4th largest port in Finland. The skyline of Hanko is dominated by the church and the water tower. Both of them received their current appearance after World War II, as their predecessors were either damaged or destroyed by the Soviet Armed Forces.

Hanko is a bilingual municipality with Finnish and Swedish as its official languages. The population consists of 52% Finnish speakers, 41% Swedish speakers, and 6% speakers of other languages.
Radical 110
Radical 110 or radical spear (矛部) meaning "spear" is one of the 23 Kangxi radicals (214 radicals in total) composed of 5 strokes.

In the Kangxi Dictionary, there are 65 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.

矛 is also the 121st indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China.

Chinese character radicals
A radical (Chinese: 部首; pinyin: bùshǒu; lit. 'section header'), or indexing component, is a visually prominent component of a Chinese character under which the character is traditionally listed in a Chinese dictionary. The radical for a character is typically a semantic component, but it can also be another structural component or an artificially extracted portion of the character. In some cases, the original semantic or phonological connection has become obscure, owing to changes in the meaning or pronunciation of the character over time.

The use of the English term radical is based on an analogy between the structure of Chinese characters and the inflection of words in European languages. Radicals are also sometimes called classifiers, but this name is more commonly applied to the grammatical measure words in Chinese.
Yevgeny Rodionov
Yevgeny Aleksandrovich Rodionov (Russian: Евге́ний Алекса́ндрович Родио́нов; 23 May 1977 – 23 May 1996) was a Russian soldier who was taken prisoner of war by Chechen rebels in the First Chechen War and later executed in captivity. He has gained much admiration throughout Russia for the circumstances of his death, as his execution allegedly resulted from his refusal to remove his cross necklace, convert to Islam and defect to the enemy side. Despite widespread popular veneration, he has not been glorified by the Russian Orthodox Church as a New Martyr due to lack of evidence about his death.  Still, icons depicting him are installed in many churches across Russia, in St. Valery church in Chișinău,  in the Greek Orthodox Church of St. George in Frankfurt in Germany, and in St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church in Tacoma, Washington, United States.

Chechens
The Chechens (/ˈtʃɛtʃɛnz, tʃəˈtʃɛnz/ CHETCH-enz, chə-CHENZ; Chechen: Нохчий, Noxçiy, Old Chechen: Нахчой, Naxçoy), historically also known as Kisti and Durdzuks, are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group of the Nakh peoples native to the North Caucasus. They are the largest ethnic group in the region and refer to themselves as Nokhchiy (pronounced [no̞xtʃʼiː]; singular Nokhchi, Nokhcho, Nakhchuo or Nakhche). The vast majority of Chechens are Muslims and live in Chechnya, an autonomous republic within the Russian Federation.

The North Caucasus has been invaded numerous times throughout history. Its isolated terrain and the strategic value outsiders have placed on the areas settled by Chechens has contributed much to the Chechen community ethos and helped shape its national character.

Chechen society is largely egalitarian and organized around tribal autonomous local clans, called teips, informally organized into loose confederations called tukkhums.
Adamenka
Adamenka (Belarusian: Адаменка) is a small river in the Bykhaw District, Mogilev Oblast, Belarus, a right tributary of  the Dnieper River.  The length of the river is 13 kilometers. The river has its source northeast of the village of Charnalesse (Чарналессе) and flows into Dnieper by the agrotown Novy Bykhaw.

Novy Bykhaw
Novy Bykhaw (Belarusian: Новы Быхаў; Russian: Новый Быхов, romanized: Novy Bykhov; Polish: Nowy Bychów; lit. 'New Bykhaw') is an agrotown in Bykhaw District, Mogilev Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Novy Bykhaw rural council (selsoviet). As of 2019, it has a population of 500.
Ursula van Beckum
Ursula van Beckum (née von Werdum; before 1520 – 13 November 1544) was a Dutch Anabaptist noblewoman who was burned at the stake for heresy in Delden, the Netherlands.

She was born as the daughter of Ulrich von Werdum (d. 1530) and Armgard von Fikensolt. On 12 June 1538, she married Johan Hendrik van Beckum and went to live with him in Nijenhuis, his castle in Diepenheim. Her sister-in-law Maria van Beckum became a follower of David Joris and was sent out of her house by her stepmother as an Anabaptist. She fled to Ursula who took her in. In 1542, the Anabaptists were declared heretics in the Netherlands. Maria was arrested and Ursula accompanied her out of pity. Both women were then interviewed, and later were sentenced to death by burning. Their case attracted a lot of attention, mostly because it was not clear whether Ursula shared the views of her sister-in-law or not. Her husband survived her by nearly two decades.

Diepenheim
Diepenheim is a small city in the Dutch province of Overijssel. It is located in the municipality of Hof van Twente, about 5 km southwest of Goor. Diepenheim was a separate municipality until 2001, when it became a part of Hof van Twente.
Akadeemia
Akadeemia is an Estonian-language cultural magazine published by Kultuurileht. 1989–2004, the journal was published by Perioodika. The journal's chief-in-editor is Toomas Kiho.

First number was issued in April 1989.

Sirp
Sirp (lit. 'sickle'; formerly Sirp ja Vasar, 'sickle and hammer') is a newspaper published in Estonia. It mostly publishes articles on culture: art, literature, music, film, theatre, and architecture; also articles on sciences and social issues. From 1994 to 1997 the newspaper was issued under the name Kultuurileht (lit. 'cultural newspaper').

In 2006–2007 the paper carried an insert titled Kirp (lit. 'flea').