hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ilija Vukićević
Ilija Vukićević (Serbian Cyrillic: Илија Вукићевић, 3 August 1866 – 5 March 1899) was a Serbian novelist, short story writer and playwright. During his lifetime he wrote 31 short stories, seven fairy tales and two plays. He is considered a representative of Serbian realism in the 1880s. Writing at first under the strong influence of Laza Lazarević, he later became closer to Turgenev and the Russian realist school of the time. He introduced several innovations into the narrative process. His collection of short stories is well known in Serbia, two books were published posthumously after his early death at the age of 32. His entire work was published in two volumes between the two world wars.

Borisav Stanković
Borisav "Bora" Stanković (Serbian Cyrillic: Борисав "Бора" Станковић; 31 March 1876 – 22 October 1927) was a Serbian writer belonging to the school of realism. His novels and short stories depict the life of people from South Serbia. He belongs to an exceptional group of storytellers that appeared at the turn of the 20th century, Ivo Ćipiko, Petar Kočić, Milutin Uskoković, Svetolik Ranković, Veljko Milićević and others.
Richardson Affair
The phrase, the Richardson Affair, has been used to refer to at least two separate incidents in political and military history:

Richardson Affair in Japanese history - The Namamugi Incident (生麦事件 Namamugi-jiken?) (also known sometimes as the Kanagawa Incident, and as the Richardson Affair) was a samurai assault on British people in Japan on September 14, 1862.

Richardson Affair in US history - The Richardson Affair in US history involved the efforts in the late 1890s by Representative James D. Richardson (1843-1914) to privately copyright a series of published Presidential proclamations.

James D. Richardson
James Daniel Richardson (March 10, 1843 – July 24, 1914) was an American politician and a Democrat from Tennessee for Tennessee's 5th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1885 through 1905.
during the Civil War entered the Confederate Army before graduating from college and served nearly four years, the first year as a private and the remaining three years as adjutant of the Forty-fifth Regiment, Tennessee Infantry
Tokyo 9th district (1890–1898)
Tokyo 9th district was a constituency of the House of Representatives in the Imperial Diet of Japan (national legislature) between 1890 and 1898. It was located in Tokyo and consisted of Tokyo City's Koishikawa, Ushigome and Yotsuya wards.

After losing narrowly in 1890, former Tokyo prefectural representative Hatoyama Kazuo represented Tokyo 9th district from the 1892 election until its dissolution in 1902. He was unchallenged in the 1894 and 1898 elections.

Tokyo City
Tokyo City (東京市, Tōkyō-shi) was a municipality in Japan and capital of Tokyo Prefecture (or Tokyo-fu) which existed from 1 May 1889 until the establishment of Tokyo Metropolis on 1 July 1943. The historical boundaries of Tokyo City are now occupied by the special wards of Tokyo. The defunct city and its prefecture became what is now Tokyo, also known as the Tokyo Metropolis or, ambiguously, Tokyo Prefecture.
John Glenn High School (New Concord, Ohio)
John Glenn High School is a public high school in New Concord, Ohio. It is the only high school in the East Muskingum Local School District. Their nickname is the Little Muskies, taken from nearby Muskingum University's nickname, the Muskies.

New Concord, Ohio
New Concord (/ˈkɒnˌkɔːrd/) is a village in Muskingum County, Ohio, United States. The population was 2,361 as of the 2020 census. It is part of the Zanesville micropolitan area. New Concord is the home of Muskingum University and is served by a branch of the Muskingum County Library System.
Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra
The Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB) is a secessionist movement in Nigeria, associated with Igbo nationalism, which supports the recreation of an independent state of Biafra. It was founded in 1999 and is led by an Indian-trained lawyer Ralph Uwazuruike, with headquarters in Okwe, in the Okigwe district of Imo State.

MASSOB's leaders say it is a peaceful group and advertise a 25-stage plan to achieve its goal peacefully. There are two arms to the government, the Biafra Government in Exile and Biafra Shadow Government.

The Nigerian government accuses MASSOB of violence; MASSOB's leader, Ralph Uwazuruike, was arrested in 2005 and detained on treason charges; he was released in 2007. MASSOB also championed the release of oil militant Mujahid Dokubo-Asari, who faced similar charges at the time. In 2009, MASSOB launched "the Biafran International Passport" in response to persistent demand by Biafrans in the diaspora.

Goodluck Jonathan
Goodluck Ebele Azikiwe Jonathan Listenⓘ GCFR GCON (born 20 November 1957) is a Nigerian politician who served as the president of Nigeria from 2010 to 2015. He lost the 2015 presidential election to former military head of state General Muhammadu Buhari and was the first incumbent president in Nigerian history to lose re-election.

Previously, Jonathan served as the vice president of Nigeria from 2007 to 2010 under the administration of Umaru Musa Yar'Adua; and in oil-rich Bayelsa State as governor from 2005 to 2007, and deputy governor from 1999 to 2005. In 2015, Jonathan became the first Nigerian president to concede election defeat. It allowed the transfer of power to the opposition party in Africa's biggest democracy—a country that had hitherto experienced vote-rigging and violence.
R-expression
In Noam Chomsky's government and binding theory in linguistics, an R-expression (short for "referring expression" (the linked article explains the different, broader usage in other theories of linguistics) or "referential expression") is a noun phrase that refers to a specific real or imaginary entity. In contrast with anaphors and pronouns/pronominals, R-expressions obey condition C, which states that they are free, not bound to any other element. R-expressions include determiner phrases that are definite, and names.

Noun phrase
A noun phrase – or NP or nominal (phrase) – is a phrase that usually has a noun or pronoun as its head, and has the same grammatical functions as a noun. Noun phrases are very common cross-linguistically, and they may be the most frequently occurring phrase type.

Noun phrases often function as verb subjects and objects, as predicative expressions, and as complements of prepositions. One NP can be embedded inside another NP; for instance, some of his constituents has as a constituent the shorter NP his constituents.

In some theories of grammar, noun phrases with determiners are analyzed as having the determiner as the head of the phrase, see for instance Chomsky (1995) and Hudson (1990).
Engine control unit
An engine control unit (ECU), also called an engine control module (ECM), is a device that controls various subsystems of an internal combustion engine. Systems commonly controlled by an ECU include the fuel injection and ignition systems.

The earliest ECUs (used by aircraft engines in the late 1930s) were mechanical-hydraulic units; however, most 21st-century ECUs operate using digital electronics.

Digital electronics
Digital electronics is a field of electronics involving the study of digital signals and the engineering of devices that use or produce them. It deals with the relationship between binary inputs and outputs by passing electrical signals through logical gates, resistors, capacitors, amplifiers, and other electronic components. The field of digital electronics is in contrast to analog electronics, which work primarily with analog signals (signals with varying degrees of intensity as opposed to on/off two-state binary signals). Despite the name, digital electronics designs include important analog design considerations.

Large assemblies of logic gates, used to represent more complex ideas, are often packaged into integrated circuits. Complex devices may have simple electronic representations of Boolean logic functions.
Walking Bods
The Walking Bods are a set of seven steel sculptures crafted by Barrett DeBusk. They stand 9 feet tall, and are each a different, solid color. They are on permanent display on the Washburn University Campus in Topeka, Kansas (between Stauffer Commons and the Mulvane Art Museum). They were first put on display through the summer of 2004. DeBusk was inspired for these sculptures while walking down Sixth Avenue in Manhattan. He said "I was struck by the mass of people, all moving in different directions, so alike but so different. My Bods represent different people in their daily march of life."

A twin set of "Bods" named Walking Bobs can be found on permanent display at the University of West Alabama.

University of West Alabama
The University of West Alabama (UWA) is a public university in Livingston, Alabama, United States. Founded in 1835, the school began as a church-supported school for young women called "Livingston Female Academy".

The university serves students in several academic colleges and divisions on a 600-acre (2.4 km2) campus in west-central Alabama. UWA offers various degree programs including associate, bachelor's, master's, educational specialist, and educational doctorate degrees.

Its athletics teams, known as the West Alabama Tigers, are members of the Gulf South Conference and compete in NCAA Division II in all sports except the men's and women's rodeo teams who compete in the Ozark Region of the National Intercollegiate Rodeo Association.
Stadlshow
Stadlshow (also called by the shows original name, Musikantenstadl) is a live broadcast entertainment show of German pop music, Schlager and Volkstümliche Musik. The program tours Austria, Germany, Switzerland and South Tyrol being produced by ORF, and broadcast via the Eurovision with the cooperation of Bayerischer Rundfunk and Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen. Formerly known as Musikantenstadl which was produced for over 30 years, the show was remodelled into what is now the Stadlshow in an attempt to attract younger viewers. The show is presented by Francine Jordi and Alexander Mazza.

Schlager music
Schlager (German: [ˈʃlaːɡɐ], "hit(s)") is a style of European popular music generally defined by catchy instrumental accompaniments to vocal pieces of pop music with simple, easygoing, and often sentimental lyrics.

Schlager tracks are typically light pop tunes or sweet, sentimental ballads with simple, catchy melodies. Their lyrics typically center on love, relationships, and feelings. The northern variant of schlager (notably in Finland) has taken elements from Finnic, Nordic, Slavic, and Eastern European folk songs, with lyrics tending toward melancholic and elegiac themes. Musically, schlager bears similarities to styles such as easy listening.

The style was frequently represented in the early years of the Eurovision Song Contest  but has now been replaced by other pop music styles.
Painkiller (video game)
Painkiller is a first-person shooter video game developed by Polish game studio People Can Fly and published by DreamCatcher Interactive in April 2004 for Microsoft Windows and ported to Xbox in 2006. The game's single player campaign follows a dead man in Purgatory who is offered a deal to defeat the invading forces of Lucifer's army in exchange for being allowed to enter Heaven. The game was particularly well-received for its multiplayer experience and was featured for two seasons on the Cyberathlete Professional League's World Tour. A reboot with the same title was released in October 2025.

Deathmatch (video games)
Deathmatch, also known as free-for-all, is a gameplay mode used in many shooter games, including first-person shooter (FPS) and real-time strategy (RTS) video games, in which the objective is to eliminate opposing players as many times as possible. A deathmatch session typically ends when a predefined frag limit or time limit is reached, with victory awarded to the player who achieves the highest number of frags.
The deathmatch is an evolution of competitive multiplayer modes found in game genres such as fighting games and racing games moving into other genres.
2020–21 Arizona Wildcats women's basketball team
The 2020–21 Arizona Wildcats women's basketball team represented University of Arizona during the 2020–21 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Wildcats, led by fifth-year head coach Adia Barnes, play their home games at the McKale Center and are members of the Pac-12 Conference. The Wildcats finished the season second behind Stanford in the Pacific-12 conference with a 13–4 record. They advanced to the semifinals of the 2021 Pac-12 women's tournament where they lost to no. 9 ranked UCLA and As a no. 3 seed in the NCAA tournament where they defeated Stony Brook and BYU in the first and second rounds, no. 4 ranked Texas A&M in the Sweet Sixteen, they won their region with a win over no. 12 ranked Indiana in the first-ever Elite Eight, knocked off no. 1 ranked UConn in the first-ever Final Four. Arizona reached the first-ever National Championship game, losing to no. 2 ranked Stanford (in a rematch from earlier this season) 54–53 and finishing the season with a 21–6 record.

2020–21 Indiana Hoosiers women's basketball team
The 2020–21 Indiana Hoosiers women's basketball team represented Indiana University Bloomington during the 2020–21 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Hoosiers were led by seventh-year head coach Teri Moren and played their home games at Simon Skjodt Assembly Hall as a member of the Big Ten Conference.
Moccasin Bend Mental Health Institute
Moccasin Bend is the site of the Moccasin Bend Mental Health Institute. It is located on a private area of land on the Tennessee River. It was founded in 1961 by the Tennessee State Legislature. "Moccasin Bend Mental Health Institute is a psychiatric hospital in Chattanooga, Tennessee, with 150 beds. Survey data for the latest year available shows that the hospital had a total of 2,340 admissions.". The hospital was built into five different buildings. The first building was built in 1961. "A local architect, Mario Bianculli, designed the majority of the buildings at the Moccasin Bend Mental Health Institute. Considered "Chattanooga's First Modernist," Bianculli was a pioneer of modern architecture in Tennessee and the southeastern United States."  The hospital specializes in psychiatric care.

Tennessee General Assembly
The Tennessee General Assembly (TNGA) is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is a part-time bicameral legislature consisting of a Senate and a House of Representatives. The Speaker of the Senate carries the additional title and office of Lieutenant Governor of Tennessee. In addition to passing a budget for state government plus other legislation, the General Assembly appoints three state officers specified by the state constitution. It is also the initiating body in any process to amend the state's constitution.
Spottail pinfish
The spottail pinfish (Diplodus holbrookii) is an ocean-going species of fish in the family Sparidae. It is also known as the spottail seabream or spottail pinkish porgy. Along with other members of their family, spottail pinfish are occasionally eaten and considered by some to be a panfish.

Panfish
The word panfish, also spelled pan-fish or pan fish, is an American English term describing any edible freshwater fish that usually do not outgrow the size of an average frying pan. It is also commonly used by recreational anglers to refer to any small game fish that can fit wholly into a pan for cooking but are still large enough to be legal. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the term was first recorded in 1796 in American Cookery, the first known cookbook written by an American author.
Andrographolide
Andrographolide is a labdane diterpenoid that has been isolated from the stem and leaves of Andrographis paniculata. Andrographolide is an extremely bitter substance.

Andrographolide has been studied for its effects on cell signaling, immunomodulation, and stroke.  Study has shown that andrographolide may bind to a spectrum of protein targets including NF-κB and actin by covalent modification.

Andrographolide is a non-ATP-competitive, substrate-competitive GSK-3β inhibitor. When the substrate concentration is 25μM, the IC50 of andrographolide for GSK-3β is 5.58±0.40μM. When the substrate concentration is increased to 90μM, the IC50 increases to 37.7μM.

NF-κB
Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is a family of transcription factor protein complexes that controls transcription of DNA, cytokine production and cell survival. NF-κB is found in almost all animal cell types and is involved in cellular responses to stressful stimuli like cytokines, free radicals, heavy metals, ultraviolet irradiation, oxidized LDL, and bacterial or viral antigens. NF-κB plays a key role in regulating the immune response to infection. Incorrect regulation of NF-κB has been linked to cancer, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, septic shock, viral infection, and improper immune development. NF-κB has also been implicated in processes of synaptic plasticity and memory.
Cairns Plywood Pty Ltd Sawmill Complex
Cairns Plywood Pty Ltd Sawmill Complex is a heritage-listed sawmill at 25–33 Eacham Road, Yungaburra, Tablelands Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1910 to the 1980s. It is also known as Cairns Plywood Limited, Eacham Sawmills, and Williamson Brothers Sawmill. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Tablelands Region
The Tablelands Region is a local government area in Far North Queensland, Australia inland from the city of Cairns. Established in 2008, it was preceded by four previous local government areas which dated back more than a century. On 1 January 2014, one of those local government areas, the Shire of Mareeba, was re-established independent of the Tablelands Region.

It has an estimated operating budget of A$62.2 million.

In the 2021 census, the Tablelands Region had a population of 26,244 people.
Ossirarus
Ossirarus is an extinct genus of four-limbed stem-tetrapod from the Mississippian (mid-Tournaisian) of Scotland. It contains a single species, Ossirarus kierani, based on a disarticulated skull and postcranial bones from the Ballagan Formation at Burnmouth. It would have had a large, pointed tabular horn and several minor traits shared with Devonian stem-tetrapods. Ossirarus was described in a 2016 study which was devised to fill in the tetrapod and stem-tetrapod faunas of Romer's gap, an interval of the early Carboniferous with few tetrapod fossils. It was one of five new genera named in this study, along with Aytonerpeton, Diploradus, Koilops, and Perittodus.

Viséan
The Visean, Viséan or Visian is an age in the ICS geologic timescale or a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is the second stage of the Mississippian, the lower subsystem of the Carboniferous. The Visean lasted from 346.7 to 330.3 Ma. It follows the Tournaisian age/stage and is followed by the Serpukhovian age/stage.
Ichinsky
Ichinsky (Russian: Ичинский вулкан or Ичинская сопка, Ichinskaya sopka) is a large stratovolcano located in the central part of the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. At 3,607 metres (11,834 ft), it is the highest peak of the Sredinny Range, the central range of the peninsula. Ichinsky is also among the largest volcanoes in Kamchatka, with a volume of about 450 cubic kilometres (110 cu mi).

The volcano is capped by a 3-by-5-kilometre (2 by 3 mi) summit caldera, within which rise two lava domes which are the highest peaks. The entire summit area is covered by a substantial ice cap, and several large glaciers descend the flanks of the cone. There is ongoing fumarolic activity within the caldera.

A dozen more dacite and rhyodacite lava domes are found on the flanks of the volcano below the caldera rim.  Basaltic and dacitic lava flows extand form the lower flanks, some as long as 10–15 kilometres (6.2–9.3 mi).

Rhyodacite
Rhyodacite is a volcanic rock intermediate in composition between dacite and rhyolite.  It is the extrusive equivalent of those plutonic rocks that are intermediate in composition between monzogranite and granodiorite. Rhyodacites form from rapid cooling of lava relatively rich in silica and low in alkali metal oxides.
Vincenzio Vangelisti
Vincenzio Vangelisti (c. 1740–1798) was an Italian engraver. He was born at Florence. He visited Paris when young, where he became a pupil of Ignazio Hugford and Johann Georg Wille. Emperor Leopold II of Austria invited him in 1766 to Milan, where he became professor in the Brera Academy, and in 1790 first director of the School of Engraving instituted by that prince. He committed suicide, after having defaced his remaining copper plates. Among engravers, who studied under him, were Giuseppe Longhi, who succeeded him as professor, and Faustino and Pietro Anderloni.

Among his engravings are:

Pyramus and Thisbe from a picture by Laurent de La Hyre.

Portraits of Armand de Bourbon, Prince de Conde. Georges Louis, Comte de Buffon; all after Abel de Pujol.

Satyr and Nymph after one of the Van Loo artists.

Virgin and Child after Raphael.

Venus chastising Cupid after Agostino Carracci.

Brera Academy
The Accademia di Belle Arti di Brera (lit. 'Academy of fine arts of Brera'), also known as the Accademia di Brera or Brera Academy, is a state-run tertiary public academy of fine arts in Milan, Italy.  It shares its history, and its main building, with the Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan's main public museum for art. In 2010 an agreement was signed to move the accademia to a former military barracks, the Caserma Magenta in via Mascheroni. In 2018 it was announced that Caserma Magenta was no longer a viable option, with the former railway yard in Via Farini now under consideration as a potential venue for the campus extension.
Guide Right
Guide Right is an American musical variety show which aired on the DuMont Television Network from February 25, 1952, to February 5, 1954.

The program was produced by the First Army Recruiting Service and supplied by the United States Air Force as a means of increasing enlistment for the Korean War. It featured The Airmen of Note directed by Fred Kepner, each 30-minute episode was hosted by Donn Russell, with Elliot Lawrence conducting the orchestra.

The show featured civilian musical artists in addition to military personnel. Guest performers included Eddie Fisher, June Valli, Sunny Gale, Teresa Brewer and Steve Lawrence.

Steve Lawrence
Steve Lawrence (born Sidney Liebowitz; July 8, 1935 – March 7, 2024) was an American singer, comedian, and actor. He was best known as a member of the pop duo Steve and Eydie, with his wife Eydie Gormé. Lawrence also played the featured role of Maury Sline, the manager and friend of the main characters in the 1980 blockbuster film The Blues Brothers and its sequel. Lawrence and Gormé first appeared together as regulars on Tonight Starring Steve Allen in 1954 and continued performing as a duo until Gormé's retirement in 2009.
Gihan Kulatunga
Kulatunga Mudiyanselage Gihan Himanshu Kulatunga is a Sri Lankan lawyer serving since 10 December 2025 as a puisne justice of the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka. He was appointed by President Anura Kumara Dissanayake.

He previously served as judge of the Court of Appeal of Sri Lanka.

Court of Appeal of Sri Lanka
The Court of Appeal of Sri Lanka, commonly known as the Appeal Court, is the second most senior court in the Sri Lankan legal system, with only the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka above it. Established in 1971, under the Court of Appeal Act No. 44 of 1971, the Appeal Court has jurisdiction to hear appeals from the High Court or any lower court; its own decisions may be additionally appealed to the Supreme Court. The Appeal Court is headed by the president of the Court of Appeal.