hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gamaliel Cordoba
Gamaliel Asis Cordoba is a Filipino lawyer who was the longest-serving Commissioner of the National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) from 2009 until 2022. He is currently the Chairperson (the equivalent of Auditor-General) of the Commission on Audit (COA) replacing former Solicitor General Jose Calida. His appointment was confirmed by the Commission on Appointments (CA) on November 29, 2022.

Cordoba at present also serves as External Auditor of the International Labour Organization.

Cordoba was one of the key figures in the 2020 shutdown of ABS-CBN and the denial of its franchise renewal, as well as the 2022 termination of ABS-CBN and TV5's partnership deal.

The Supreme Court upheld the decision to terminate  ABS-CBN's franchise with the en banc unanimously voting to junk the petition questioning the NTC's cease and desist order, saying it is "moot and academic" because Congress has denied the network's franchise renewal.

Commission on Appointments
The Commission on Appointments (Filipino: Komisyon sa Paghirang, abbreviated as CA) is a constitutional body which confirms or rejects certain political appointments made by the President of the Philippines. The current commission was created by the 1987 Constitution.

While often associated with the Congress of the Philippines, which consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate, and mistakenly referred to as a congressional committee, the Commission on Appointments is an independent body from the legislature, though its membership is confined to members of Congress.
Eleutherodactylus intermedius
Eleutherodactylus intermedius is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae endemic to eastern Cuba where it is known from the Sierra Maestra and Sierra del Cobre. Its common name is Pico Turquino robber frog, in reference to its type locality.

Sierra Maestra
The Sierra Maestra is a mountain range that runs westward across the south of the old Oriente Province in southeast Cuba, rising abruptly from the coast. The range falls mainly within the Santiago de Cuba and in Granma Provinces. Some view it as a series of connecting ranges (Vela, Santa Catalina, Quemado Grande, Daña Mariana), which join with others to the west. At 1,974 m (~6,500 ft), Pico Turquino is the range's – and the country's – highest point. The area is rich in minerals, especially copper, manganese, chromium, and iron.
Rolleston, New Zealand
Rolleston /ˈrɒləstən/ (Māori: Roretana, Tauwharekākaho) is the seat and largest town in the Selwyn District, in the Canterbury region of New Zealand's South Island. It is located on the Canterbury Plains 22 kilometres (14 mi) south-west of Christchurch, and is part of the wider Christchurch metropolitan area.

Rolleston is one of the fastest growing towns in New Zealand, having grown from a population of around 2,800 in 2001 to around 28,000 in 2023. The town has a population of 34,100 (June 2025), making it New Zealand's 21st-largest urban area and the second-largest in Canterbury (behind Christchurch).

Canterbury Plains
The Canterbury Plains (Māori: Kā Pākihi-whakatekateka-a-Waitaha) are an area in New Zealand centred in the Mid Canterbury, to the south of the city of Christchurch in the Canterbury region. Their northern extremes are at the foot of the Hundalee Hills in the Hurunui District, and in the south they merge into the plains of North Otago beyond the Waitaki River. The smaller Amuri Plain forms a northern extension of the plains.
Avidemux
Avidemux is an application for non-linear video editing and transcoding multimedia files. The developers intend it as "a simple tool for simple video processing tasks" and to allow users "to do elementary things in a very straightforward way". It is written in C++ and uses Qt for its graphical user interface (GUI), and FFmpeg for its multimedia functions. Since version 2.4, it has two user interfaces: a GUI and a command-line interface. Since version 2.6, the original GTK port has been unmaintained and is now discontinued. It is free and open-source software released with a GNU General Public License 2.0 or later.

Avidemux is developed for Linux, macOS, and Windows. Unofficial builds exist for FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD.

NetBSD
NetBSD is a free and open-source Unix-like operating system based on the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD). It was the first open-source BSD descendant officially released after 386BSD was forked. It continues to be actively developed and is available for many platforms, including servers, desktops, handheld devices, and embedded systems.

The NetBSD project focuses on code clarity, careful design, and portability across many computer architectures. Its source code is publicly available and permissively licensed.
Kampong Sungai Teraban
Kampong Sungai Teraban (Malay: Kampung Sungai Teraban) is a village in Belait District, Brunei, near the district's principal town Kuala Belait. It has an area of 22 square kilometres (8.5 sq mi); the population was 1,082 in 2016. It is one of the administrative villages within Mukim Kuala Belait.

Brunei dollar
The Brunei dollar (sign: B$, Malay: ringgit, will be renamed to dolar Brunei starting from the 2026 series; currency code: BND), has been the currency of the Sultanate of Brunei since 1967. It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or alternatively B$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. The currency is divided into 100 cents (Malay: sen) and is issued by the Brunei Darussalam Central Bank.

Under a Currency Interchangeability Agreement in 1967, the Brunei dollar is interchangeable with the Singapore dollar at par. As such, the Brunei dollar is accepted in Singapore as "customary tender"; likewise, the Singapore dollar is accepted  in Brunei.
Bicycle Thieves (2013 film)
Bicycle Thieves is a 2013 Malayalam comedy thriller film written and directed  by Jis Joy. It stars Asif Ali in the lead role alongside Aparna Gopinath with Salim Kumar, Saiju Kurup, Vijay Babu, Aju Varghese, Siddique, Sai Kumar, and Devan in other pivotal roles. It received mixed to positive reviews from critics.

Comedy thriller
Comedy thrillers are a hybrid genre that draw subject matter generally from comedy and thrillers, combining suspense with sustained humor. It incorporates the core elements of thriller storytelling—high stakes, danger, escalating tension, and the possibility of death—while maintaining a comic tone throughout, a situation can be both genuinely threatening and funny at the same time. The characters are in real jeopardy, yet the film signals that the outcome will remain within the bounds of entertainment rather than genuine horror.

Examples range from verbal wit and farce to dark or absurd humor. The comedy-thriller differs from straight comedies with occasional danger or thrillers with brief comic relief because neither element dominates; both remain active throughout the story.
Beautiful (The Reels album)
Beautiful is the third studio album by The Reels and was released in 1982 by special licence on the budget-priced K-tel label. The album was subsequently released on CD through RCA (BPCD5038). The Reels had just split in two, following the recent shock departures of bass player Paul Abrahams and keyboardist Karen Ansell (lead keyboardist Colin Newman had previously left in mid '81), forcing remaining members David Mason, Craig Hooper and Stephan Fidock to work out other concepts; eventually, they decided to shuffle on as a trio and use a tape recorder for live work. Nonetheless, Beautiful was the Reels' most successful album to date, mainly covering Middle of the Road classics with a synthesiser feel. The single taken from it, "This Guy's in Love With You" gave the Reels their biggest hit in Australia, peaking at number 7 around November 1982. The album was later certified gold. In 2012 it was remastered and reissued on Compact Disc by Liberation Music.

Dave Mason (Australian musician)
David Lawrence Mason (born c. 1954) is an Australian singer-songwriter and record producer originally from Dubbo. He is the founding mainstay of pop, rock group, The Reels. For the group, Mason wrote and sang their hit singles, "Love Will Find a Way" (October 1979), "Prefab Heart" (1980), "After the News" (July 1980), and "Shout and Deliver" (March 1981). He also wrote "Quasimodo's Dream", which was a non-charting single from May 1981. However, in May 2001, it was listed by Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA) at No. 10 of their Top 30 Australian songs of all time.
Wayne Peterson (racing driver)
For the American composer, pianist, and educator, see Wayne Peterson.

Wayne Peterson (born May 24, 1938) is an American professional stock car racing owner/driver and former paratrooper and United States Army Special Forces member. He currently operates Wayne Peterson Racing, a team in the ARCA Menards Series.

Wayne Peterson
Wayne Peterson (September 3, 1927 – April 7, 2021) was an American composer, pianist, and educator.  He won the Pulitzer Prize for Music for The Face of the Night, the Heart of the Dark in 1992, when its board overturned the jury's unanimous selection of Concerto Fantastique by Ralph Shapey.
1970s in Japan
In Japan during the 1970s, the economy was hit by the oil shock and the Nixon shock. Energy consumption dropped and industrial production increased. During the 1970s energy crisis, Japan introduced energy-saving measures and became a hub of miniaturization. The women's liberation movement in Japan, known as ũman ribu, began to gain momentum with feminist groups starting to form in 1970.

In November 1973, a tissue shortage in Japan was reported by news agencies.

Industrial production
Industrial production is a measure of output of the industrial sector of the economy. The industrial sector includes manufacturing, mining, and utilities. Although these sectors contribute only a small portion of gross domestic product (GDP), they are highly sensitive to interest rates and consumer demand. This makes industrial production an important tool for forecasting future GDP and economic performance. Industrial production figures are also used by central banks to measure inflation, as high levels of industrial production can lead to uncontrolled levels of consumption and rapid inflation .
Ligusticum grayi
Ligusticum grayi is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by the common name Gray's licorice-root. It is native to the western United States from Montana to California, where it grows in moist, mountainous habitat, such as meadows and forest floors. It is a carrotlike, perennial herb growing from a taproot to heights between 20 and 80 centimeters. The leaves are like those of its relatives, including celery, each divided into several leaflets with pointed lobes. The inflorescence is a compound umbel of many small, white flowers. The Atsugewi used various parts of this plant for medicinal and other uses.

The species could be confused with poison hemlock.

Atsugewi
The Atsugewi are Native Americans residing in northeastern California, United States. Their traditional lands are near Mount Shasta, specifically the Pit River drainage on Burney, Hat, and Dixie Valley or Horse Creeks. They are closely related to the Achomawi and consisted of two groups (the Atsugé and the Apwaruge). The Atsugé ("pine-tree people") traditionally are from the Hat Creek area, and the Apwaruge ("juniper-tree people") are from the Dixie Valley. They lived to the south of the Achomawi.
Ahmed Al-Rajhi
Ahmed bin Suleiman bin Abdulaziz Al-Rajhi (Arabic: أحمد بن سليمان بن عبد العزيز الراجحي) is a Saudi politician, engineer, and businessman currently serving as the minister of human resources and social development in Saudi Arabia. He has held this position since June 2, 2018.

Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development
The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development (HRSD; Arabic: وزارة الموارد البشرية والتنمية الاجتماعية) is a government ministry in Saudi Arabia. It was established in 2019 after merging Ministry of Labour and Social Development with Ministry of Civil Service. It is responsible for community development, as well as overseeing labor affairs. The current Minister is Ahmed al-Rajhi who was appointed in June 2018.
Brantwood F.C.
Brantwood Football Club is an intermediate, Northern Irish football club playing in the Ballymena & Provincial Football League. The club, founded in 1901, hails from Belfast and plays its home matches at Skegoneill Avenue. Club colour Is royal blue. 
In 2009, the club, which had failed to gain a place in the IFA Championship in 2008 and instead played in the IFA Interim Intermediate League, elected not to apply again for membership of the IFA Championship and announced that it would step down into the Ballymena & Provincial Intermediate League for season 2009–10, ending over 50 years at national intermediate level.

Northern Ireland football league system
The Northern Ireland football league system is categorised into three levels: senior, intermediate and junior. Clubs attain intermediate status by fulfilling certain criteria (e.g. owning or leasing its own enclosed ground). Senior status requires clubs to reach stricter criteria. National leagues exist at senior and intermediate level. All junior leagues and some intermediate are organised on a regional basis.

Regionally, there are four regional football associations: the North East Ulster Football Association (also known as the County Antrim & District Football Association), the Mid-Ulster Football Association, the North West of Ireland Football Association and the Fermanagh & Western Football Association.
Turkey Tayac
Turkey Tayac, legally Philip Sheridan Proctor (1895–1978), was a Piscataway leader and herbal medicine practitioner; he was notable in Native American activism for tribal and cultural revival in the 20th century. He had some knowledge of the Piscataway language and was consulted by the Algonquian linguist, Ives Goddard, as well as Julian Granberry.

Piscataway language
Piscataway (/pɪˈskætəweɪ/ pih-SKAT-ə-way) is an extinct Algonquian language formerly spoken by the Piscataway, a dominant chiefdom in southern Maryland on the Western Shore of the Chesapeake Bay at time of contact with English settlers. Piscataway, also known as Conoy (from the Iroquois ethnonym for the tribe), is considered a dialect of Nanticoke.

This designation is based on the scant evidence available for the Piscataway language. The Doeg tribe, then located in present-day Northern Virginia, are also thought to have spoken a form of the same language. These dialects were intermediate between the Native American language Lenape spoken to the north of this area (in present-day Delaware, New Jersey, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York, and Connecticut) and the Powhatan language, formerly spoken to the south, in what is now Tidewater Virginia.
Tom Ritchey
Tom Ritchey (born 1956) is an American bicycle frame builder, Category 1 racer, fabricator, designer, and founder of Ritchey Design. Ritchey is a US pioneer  in modern frame building and the first production mountain bike builder/manufacturer in the history of the sport. He is an innovator of bicycle components that have been used in winning some of the biggest cycling competitions in the world including the UCI World Championships, the Tour de France and the Olympics. In 1988, Ritchey was inducted into the inaugural Mountain Bike Hall of Fame in Crested Butte, Colorado (now located in Fairfax, California): and 2012, inducted to the United States Bicycle Hall of Fame in Davis, California.

Crested Butte, Colorado
Crested Butte is a home rule town located in Gunnison County, Colorado, United States. The town population was 1,639 at the 2020 United States census. A former coal mining town nestled in the Slate River Valley, Crested Butte is now known as a destination for skiing, mountain biking, and outdoor activities.
Banu Khattab
Banu Khattab was a wealthy Ibadi dynasty of Hawwara origin that thrived off of the Trans-Saharan slave trade. It ruled over Zawila and the surrounding oases in the Fezzan region from 918/919 until 1172–1177 when it was sacked and conquered by the Armenian-Mamluk Qaraqush. The instability created by Qaraqush was exploited by the Kanem, who under the reign of Dunama Dabbalemi had seized control of the Fezzan, establishing a new capital at Traghan, a few miles west of Zawila.

They would later go on to rule the Fezzan again under the nominal control of the Hafsids in the 15th century.

Hawwara
The Hawwara (Arabic: الهوارة) is a Berber tribal confederation in the Maghreb, primarily in Tripolitania, with descendants in Upper Egypt and Sudan. Hawwara are amongst the most prominent tribes in Upper Egypt, with branches found mainly in Qena. They are also found in Morocco and Algeria. In Sudan, they are labelled as Hawwaweer (Arabic: هواوير) (plural of Hawwara), and have a significant political presence.

The Hawwara are the heirs of the ancient western Bavares. During the Arab Muslim conquest of the Maghreb, the Hawwara tribe was subdued by Musa ibn Nusayr and Arabised. In the 10th century, a fraction of the Hawwara were part the Fatimid army that conquered Egypt, Syria, Palestine and Jordan. In the 11th century, families originating from the Hawwara founded and ruled small Islamic kingdoms in al-Andalus (the Iberian Peninsula), including the Dhulnunid dynasty, which ruled the Taifa of Toledo and the Banu Razin, who ruled the Taifa of Albarracín.
Comparison of programming languages
Programming languages are used for controlling the behavior of a machine (often a computer). Like natural languages, programming languages follow rules for syntax and semantics.

There are thousands of programming languages and new ones are created every year. Few languages ever become sufficiently popular that they are used by more than a few people, but professional programmers may use dozens of languages in a career.

Most programming languages are not standardized by an international (or national) standard, even widely used ones, such as Perl or Standard ML (despite the name). Notable standardized programming languages include ALGOL, C, C++, JavaScript (under the name ECMAScript), Smalltalk, Prolog, Common Lisp, Scheme (IEEE standard), ISLISP, Ada, Fortran, COBOL, SQL, and XQuery.

Programmer
A programmer, computer programmer or coder is an author of computer source code – someone with skill in computer programming.
The professional titles software developer and software engineer may be used for jobs that require a programmer.
Saudi German Hospitals
Saudi German Hospitals Group (Arabic: مستشفيات السعودي الألماني) is one of the largest healthcare providers in the MENA region with 11 hospitals and over 8500 employees operating across Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Egypt, and Yemen.

In 1988, Eng. Sobhi Batterjee, Chairman of Saudi German Health, and Dr. Khalid Batterjee, Vice President of Saudi German Health, established the first hospital in Jeddah and collaborated with German University Hospitals to bring advanced German healthcare standards and expertise to the local community for the first time in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. These associations inspired the ‘German’ in the group's name.

Health care provider
A health care provider is an individual health professional or a health facility organization licensed to provide health care diagnosis and treatment services including medication, surgery and medical devices. Health care providers often receive payments for their services rendered from health insurance providers.

In the United States, the Department of Health and Human Services defines a health care provider as any "person or organization who furnishes, bills, or is paid for health care in the normal course of business."
Mali i Shejtit
Mali i Shejtit (lit. 'Holy Mountain') is a mountain situated along the administrative boundary between Mirditë and Mat municipalities, in east-central Albania. Its highest peak, Maja e Zezit, rises to an elevation of 1,583 m (5,194 ft) above sea level.

Mirditë
Mirditë (Albanian definite form: Mirdita) is a municipality in Lezhë County, northwestern Albania. It was created in 2015 by the merger of the former municipalities Fan, Kaçinar, Kthellë, Orosh, Rrëshen, Rubik and Selitë. The seat of the municipality is the town Rrëshen. The total population is 22,103 (2011 census), in a total area of 870.26 km2. It is coterminous with the former Mirditë District. The municipality is located within the wider region of Mirdita whose territory is synonymous with the historic Albanian tribe of the same name.

During the time of Ottoman rule, Mirditë, along with the surrounding tribal regions, obtained a status of autonomy from the Ottomans and managed to preserve their Roman Catholic faith. The region is known as a stronghold of  devout Catholicism.
Bagrat I of Tao
Bagrat I (Georgian: ბაგრატ I) (died March 945) was a Georgian prince of the Bagratid dynasty of Tao-Klarjeti and hereditary ruler of Upper Tao with the Byzantine title of magistros. He also held lands in Javakheti, Shavsheti, Kola, Artaani and Phasiane.

Bagrat was a son of the Georgian king Adarnase IV and acquired the duchy of Upper Tao after the death, in 941, of his relative Gurgen II with whom the first house of Tao became extinct. Bagrat was, thus, the founder of the second house of Tao whose ascendancy would last until 1000/1001. According to the 18th-century historian Vakhushti, Bagrat also held the Byzantine title of curopalates, but this is not attested by earlier sources. Bagrat was survived by a son, Adarnase. A church inscription from Ishkhani (now in Turkey) calls Bagrat "magistros and king".

Tao (historical region)
Tao (Georgian: ტაო) is a historical region of Georgia and forms part of the wider historical area of Tao-Klarjeti. Geographically, the region lay in the middle basin of the Çoruh River and broadly corresponded to the historical Armenian province of Tayk. In modern administrative terms, its territory largely overlaps with the Yusufeli district of Artvin Province, as well as several northern districts of Erzurum Province, including Uzundere, Olur, Oltu, Şenkaya, Narman, and Tortum.
North City, San Diego
32°58′23.66″N 117°14′17.58″W﻿ / ﻿32.9732389°N 117.2382167°W﻿ / 32.9732389; -117.2382167
North City is a neighborhood in San Diego, California, bordered by Solana Beach and Rancho Santa Fe to the north, Del Mar Heights to the west, and Carmel Valley to the south. I-5 forms the western boundary. The name is almost never used by local residents as the area is already included in either Rancho Santa Fe or Carmel Valley. The name is almost exclusively used by the San Diego Police Department for zoning.

Rancho Santa Fe, California
Rancho Santa Fe is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Diego County, California, United States, within the San Diego metropolitan area. The population was 3,156 at the 2020 census. The CDP is primarily residential with a few shopping blocks, a middle and elementary school, and several restaurants.

Rancho Santa Fe borders the Fairbanks Ranch gated community to the southeast, Solana Beach to the southwest, and Encinitas to the west.