hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Token Ring
Token Ring is a physical and data link layer computer networking technology used to build local area networks. It was introduced by IBM in 1984, and standardized in 1989 as IEEE 802.5. It uses a special three-byte frame called a token that is passed around a logical ring of workstations or servers. This token passing is a channel access method providing fair access for all stations, and eliminating the collisions of contention-based access methods.

Following its introduction, Token Ring technology became widely adopted, particularly in corporate environments, but was gradually eclipsed by newer iterations of Ethernet. The last formalized Token Ring standard that was completed was Gigabit Token Ring (IEEE 802.5z), published on May 4, 2001.

Physical layer
In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the physical layer or layer 1 is the first and lowest layer: the layer most closely associated with the physical connection between devices. The physical layer provides an electrical, mechanical, and procedural interface to the transmission medium. The shapes and properties of the electrical connectors, the frequencies to transmit on, the line code to use and similar low-level parameters are specified by the physical layer.

At the electrical layer, the physical layer is commonly implemented in a dedicated PHY chip or, in electronic design automation (EDA), by a design block. In mobile computing, the MIPI Alliance *-PHY family of interconnect protocols are widely used.
Delta (science magazine)
Delta is a monthly, popular science magazine published by the University of Warsaw in cooperation with:

The Polish Mathematical Society,

The Polish Physical Society,

The Polish Astronomical Society,

The Polish Information Processing Society.

It has been published since 1974 (with a short break during the Martial law in Poland) and covers topics in mathematics, physics, astronomy, computer science and biology. The content of the Delta is directed towards high school and university students as well as researchers. The articles are mainly written by the researchers working at Polish universities, however, the magazine has also seen contributions from students. The chef editor since 2018 is Szymon Charzyński.

Popular science
Popular science (also called pop-science or popsci) is an interpretation of science intended for a general audience. It is presented in many forms, including books, film and television documentaries, magazine articles, and web pages.

It may be written by scientists themselves or by professional journalists. While science journalism focuses on recent scientific developments, popular science is more broad ranging.
Antsahalava
Antsahalava is a town and commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Antanifotsy, which is a part of Vakinankaratra Region. The population of the commune was 29,556 in 2018.

Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 98% of the population of the commune are farmers.  The most important crop is rice, while other important products are maize and cassava.  Services provide employment for 2% of the population.

Vakinankaratra
Vakinankaratra is a region in central Madagascar. The capital of the region is Antsirabe. It's one of the four regions of the Antananarivo Province. Vakinankaratra covers an area of 16,599 kilometres (10,314 miles), and had a population of 2,074,358 in 2018.
Alamgirpur
Alamgirpur is an archaeological site of the Indus Valley Civilization that thrived along the Ganga-Yamuna Doab (c. 3300–1300 BC) from the Harappan-Bara period, located in Meerut district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is the easternmost known site of the civilization.

Doab
Doab (English: /ˈdoʊɑːb/) is a term used in South Asia for the tract of land lying between two confluent rivers.  It is similar to an interfluve.  In the Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, R. S. McGregor refers to its Persian origin in defining it as do-āb (دوآب, literally "two [bodies of] water") "a region lying between and reaching to the confluence of two rivers."
Hodel v. Irving
Hodel v. Irving, 481 U.S. 704 (1987), is a case in which the U.S. Supreme Court held that a statute ordering the escheat of fractional interests in real property which had been bequeathed to members of the Oglala Sioux tribe was an unconstitutional taking which required just compensation.

Devise and bequeath
A devise is the act of giving property by will, traditionally referring to real property. A bequest is the act of giving property by will, usually referring to personal property. Today, the two words are often used interchangeably due to their combination in many wills as devise and bequeath, a legal doublet. The phrase give, devise, and bequeath, a legal triplet, has been used for centuries, including the will of William Shakespeare.

The word bequeath is a verb form for the act of making a bequest.
2018 Winnipeg National Bank Challenger – Men's doubles
Luke Bambridge and David O'Hare were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Marc-Andrea Hüsler and Sem Verbeek won the title after defeating Gerard and Marcel Granollers 6–7(5–7), 6–3, [14–12] in the final.

Sem Verbeek
Sem Verbeek (born 12 April 1994) is a Dutch tennis player who specializes in doubles.
He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of World No. 29 achieved on 19 May 2025. In 2025, Verbeek won the mixed doubles title at Wimbledon with Kateřina Siniaková. He is the current No. 3 Dutch doubles player. He also has a career-high in singles of No. 531 achieved on 15 April 2019.
Khotehang Rural Municipality
Khotehang (Nepali: खोटेहाङ गाउँपालिका) is a rural municipality (gaunpalika) in Khotang District of Province No. 1 of Nepal.

According to Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development, Khotehang has an area of 164.09 square kilometres (63.36 sq mi) and the total population of the municipality is 23731 as of Census of Nepal 2011.

Khotang District
Khotang District (Nepali: खोटाङ जिल्लाListenⓘ) is one of 14 districts of Koshi Province of eastern Nepal. The district, with Diktel as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,591 km2 (614 sq mi) and has a population (2021) of 206,312. The district is bordered by Bhojpur District in the east, Udayapur District in the south, Okhaldhunga District in the west and Solukhumbu District in the North. In this district there are two municipalities and eight rural/urban municipalities.
Mamisoa Rakotomandimbindraibe
Mamisoa Rakotomandimbindraibe is a Malagasy politician. She was a member of the National Assembly of Madagascar, he was elected as a member of the Tiako I Madagasikara party the 2002 and 2007 Malagasy parliamentary elections. She represents the constituency of Ambatolampy.

In 2014 she defeated her seat.

She had been a political prisoner after the putsch led by Andry Rajoelina in 2009.

She had been a candidat in the 2019 Malagasy parliamentary elections also, but lost her seat with 11,45% of the votes.

Ambatolampy
Ambatolampy (French : Ambutublou)  is a city (commune urbaine) in the Vakinankaratra Region, situated in the Central Highlands of Madagascar. It had a population of about 28,500 in 2013.

It is the administrative capital of the district of the same name, and is situated on Route nationale No. 7 which runs from Antananarivo to Toliara. Ambatolampy is a railway station on the Antananarivo - Antsirabe line. It is situated at 70 km South from the capital Antananarivo.

A species of gecko, Lygodactylus tolampyae, may be named after Ambatolampy.
Zeno J. Rives
Zeno John Rives (February 22, 1874 – September 2, 1939) was a one-time U.S. Representative from Illinois.

Born near Greenfield, Indiana, Rives moved in 1880 with his parents to Litchfield, Illinois, where he attended public schools. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1901, and commenced practice in Litchfield. He was appointed city clerk in June 1903.

Rives was elected as a Republican to the Fifty-ninth Congress (March 4, 1905 – March 3, 1907). In 1906, he lost his campaign for re-election to the Sixtieth Congress. Afterwards, Rives resumed his law practice in Litchfield and served as postmaster from 1912 to 1916. He moved to Decatur, Illinois, in 1919, where he continued his law practive and entered the real estate business. He died in Decatur, Illinois, on September 2, 1939. He was interred in Graceland Cemetery.

59th United States Congress
The 59th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1905, to March 4, 1907, during the fifth and sixth years of Theodore Roosevelt's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1900 United States census. Both chambers had a Republican majority.
Bathyclarias nyasensis
Bathyclarias nyasensis is a species of airbreathing catfish endemic to Lake Malawi, in the countries of Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania.  This species grows to a length of 100 cm (39.4 in) SL. This species is commercially caught for human consumption.

Lake Malawi
Lake Malawi, also known as Lake Nyasa in Tanzania and Lago Niassa in Mozambique, (Swahili: Ziwa Nyasa) is an African Great Lake and the southernmost lake in the East African Rift system, located between Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania.

It is the fourth largest freshwater lake in the world by volume, the ninth largest lake in the world by area and the third largest and second deepest lake in Africa. Lake Malawi is home to more species of fish than any other lake in the world, including at least 700 species of cichlids. The Mozambique portion of the lake was officially declared a reserve by the Government of Mozambique on June 10, 2011, while in Malawi a portion of the lake is included in Lake Malawi National Park.

Lake Malawi is a meromictic lake, meaning that its water layers do not mix. The permanent stratification of Lake Malawi's water and the oxic-anoxic boundary are maintained by moderately small chemical and thermal gradients.
2006 Basel hooligan incident
The 2006 Basel hooligan incident (often called "Disgrace of Basel") occurred on 13 May 2006 in Basel, Switzerland. On that day hooligans supporting the Swiss football club FC Basel 1893  stormed the field of St. Jakob-Park after a championship-deciding match against FC Zürich. Zürich scored in the dying moments of the match and won 2–1. The goal ended a chance for Basel to win the Swiss Super League for a third time in a row. This resulted in property damage and riots between hooligans of both teams' supporters after the match, an incident considered one of the worst incidents involving hooliganism in Swiss sport to date. 115 people, including police, were injured, with 15 hospitalizations.

Swiss Super League
The Super League (also known as the Brack Super League for sponsorship reasons) is a professional association football league in Switzerland and the highest level of the Swiss football league system. It has been played in its current format since the 2003–04 season. The Swiss Super League is ranked 16th in Europe according to UEFA's ranking of league coefficients, which is based upon Swiss team performances in European competitions. The 2025–26 season is the 129th season of the Swiss top-flight, making it the longest continuously running top-flight national league.
2024 Shakey's Super League National Invitationals
The 2024 Shakey's Super League National Invitationals was the second edition of the national collegiate competition organized by the Shakey's Super League and the second SSL tournament of 2024.The tournament began on July 10 at the Ninoy Aquino Stadium. This tournament showcased the top three teams of the recent volleyball tournaments of the NCAA and UAAP, alongside the top two teams from Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao that qualified on the regional qualifiers.

Defending champion De La Salle Lady Spikers won't be seeing action due to an injury-riddled roster, they will be replaced by UAAP fourth placer FEU Lady Tamaraws.

FEU Lady Tamaraws volleyball
The FEU Lady Tamaraws volleyball program is the women's collegiate varsity volleyball team of the Far Eastern University in Manila, Philippines. The team competes in the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP).
Terry McCarthy (politician)
Terence Robert McCarthy (born 26 January 1940) is an Australian former politician. He was a Country Liberal Party member of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly from 1983 to 2001, representing Victoria River until 1990 and Goyder afterwards. He was Speaker at the time of his retirement.

Electoral division of Victoria River
Victoria River was an electoral division of the Legislative Assembly in Australia's Northern Territory. One of the Legislative Assembly's original electorates, it was first contested at the 1974 election, and was named after the Victoria River. It was abolished in 2001 after a redistribution removed much of the Victoria River area from the seat, and was largely replaced with the new electorate of Daly.
East Saddle River Road
East Saddle River Road is a north–south road from Ridgewood, New Jersey to Monsey, New York.

It is part of the following routes:

County Route 75 (Bergen County, New Jersey)

County Route 73 (Rockland County, New York)

Monsey, New York
Monsey (English pronunciation: /ˈmʌnsi/ ⓘ, Yiddish: מאנסי, romanized: Monsi) is a hamlet and census-designated place in the town of Ramapo, Rockland County, New York, United States, north of Airmont, east of Viola, south of New Hempstead, and west of Spring Valley. The village of Kaser is surrounded by the hamlet of Monsey. The 2020 census listed the population at 26,954.

The hamlet has a large, and growing, community of Haredi Jews.
Al-Tina
Al-Tina, or Khirbet  et-Tineh was a Palestinian Arab village in the Ramle Subdistrict of Mandatory Palestine. The village was located between the Shfela and southern Israeli coastal plain. It was depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War on July 8, 1948, by the Givati Brigade under Operation An-Far. It was located 20. km south of Ramla. The hill on which the village was built stands today next to the Kiryat Mal'akhi – Yoav railway station and next to Highway 6. Archeological excavations at the site revealed the remains of a Byzantine settlement.

Highway 6 (Israel)
Highway 6 (Hebrew: כביש 6, Kvish Shesh), also known as the Trans-Israel Highway or Cross-Israel Highway (Hebrew: כביש חוצה ישראל, Kvish Ḥotzeh Yisra'el) (or Yitzhak Rabin Highway (Hebrew: כביש יצחק רבין, Kvish Yitzḥak Rabin) for most of its length),  is a major electronic toll highway in Israel. Highway 6 is the first Israeli Build-Operate-Transfer road constructed, carried out mainly by the private sector in return for a concession to collect tolls on the highway for a given number of years. It is also one of the largest infrastructure projects undertaken in Israel.
Connecticut's 80th House of Representatives district
Connecticut's 80th House of Representatives district elects one member of the Connecticut House of Representatives. It consists of the town of Wolcott and parts of Southington. It has been represented by Republican Gale Mastrofrancesco since 2019.

Southington, Connecticut
Southington (/ˈsʌðɪŋtən/ SUH-thing-tən) is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Capitol Planning Region. As of the 2020 United States census, it had a population of 43,501. Southington contains the villages of Marion,   Milldale, and Plantsville.
Wood, Metal and Skin
Wood, Metal and Skin is a percussion concerto written in 2004 by the Scottish composer Thea Musgrave. It was commissioned by the National Youth Orchestras of Scotland, which performed world premiere with the percussionist Colin Currie conducted by Garry Walker in Usher Hall, Edinburgh, on 4 January 2005. The score is dedicated to Colin Currie.

Usher Hall
The Usher Hall (Scottish Gaelic: Talla Usher) is a concert hall in the West End of Edinburgh, Scotland. The hall is owned and managed by the City of Edinburgh Council, and has hosted concerts and events since its construction in 1914.

The venue can hold approximately 2,200 people in its recently restored auditorium, which is well loved by performers due to its acoustics. In March 1972, the Eurovision Song Contest was held at the Hall and compèred by Moira Shearer. This marked the first time that the Eurovision Song Contest had been held in Scotland. It was also the venue of Eurovision Young Musicians in August 2018. In 1986, the Commonwealth Games was hosted by Edinburgh, with the Usher Hall providing the venue for the boxing tournament.

The Hall is flanked by The Royal Lyceum Theatre to the south and The Traverse Theatre to the north. Historic Environment Scotland has registered the Hall with Category A listed building status.
Jane Hume
Edwina Jane Hume (née Exell; born 30 April 1971) is an Australian politician who has served as the deputy leader of the Opposition and deputy leader of the Liberal Party since 2026. She has a been a senator for Victoria since 2016, and previously held ministerial positions in the Morrison government. Prior to entering politics, she held senior positions in the banking, finance and superannuation sectors.

Leader of the Liberal Party of Australia
The Leader of the Liberal Party, also known as Leader of the Parliamentary Liberal Party, is the highest office within the Liberal Party of Australia, as well as within the Liberal–National Coalition. The incumbent leader is Angus Taylor, who was elected on 13 February 2026.
Reinhard Sebastian Zimmermann
Reinhard Sebastian Zimmermann (1815 – 1893) was a German artist who studied at the Munich Academy under Julius Schnorr, Heinrich Maria von Hess and Clemens von Zimmermann.

At first active as portrait painter, he was appointed a royal painter of the Grand Duke of Baden and dedicated himself to depicting Bavarian and Swabian peasant life. He repainted the same subject several times like the painting "Zahlungsschwierigkeiten"
(Payment Difficulties) first version dates from 1852, the later once from 1855 a.s.o.

His paintings are displayed at Victoria and Albert Museum, London, at Neue Pinakothek, Munich, and in many other museums.

Academy of Fine Arts, Munich
The Academy of Fine Arts, Munich (German: Akademie der Bildenden Künste München, also known as Munich Academy) is one of the oldest and most significant art academies in Germany. It is located in the Maxvorstadt district of Munich, in Bavaria, Germany.

In the second half of the 19th century, the academy became one of the most important institutions in Europe for training artists and attracted students from across Europe and the United States.
Utopia: The Creation of a Nation
Utopia: The Creation of a Nation is a strategy video game  developed by Celestial Software and published by Gremlin Graphics (later known as Gremlin Interactive) in 1991 for the Amiga, Atari ST and MS-DOS. It was later released for the Super NES in 1993, by Jaleco in the USA. This release made use of the Super NES Mouse peripheral.

Super NES Mouse
The Super NES Mouse, sold as the Super Famicom Mouse in Japan, is a peripheral created by Nintendo for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. It is designed to imitate the functionality of a standard computer mouse to control compatible Super NES games, some of which required it for play.

The peripheral was originally designed for use with the game Mario Paint (1992), with which it was bundled for sale. During the Super NES's life cycle, over 130 games were released with Mouse support.
Seale Chalk Pit
Seale Chalk Pit is a 1.2-hectare (3.0-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest west of Guildford in Surrey. It is a Geological Conservation Review site and part of the Seale Chalk Pit and Meadow 3-hectare (7.4-acre) private nature reserve, which is managed by the Surrey Wildlife Trust.

This former quarry exposes rocks of the Hog’s Back, and exhibits the separation of the folding Mesozoic rocks of the Weald from the Tertiary sediments of the London Basin.

There is no public access.

Tertiary period
The Tertiary (/ˈtɜːrʃəri/ TUR-shər-ee, US also /ˈtɜːrʃi.ɛri/ TUR-shee-err-ee) is an obsolete geologic period spanning 66 million to 2.6 or 1.8 million years ago. The period began with the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, at the start of the Cenozoic Era, and extended to the beginning of the Quaternary glaciation at the end of the Pliocene Epoch. The Tertiary has not been recognised by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) since the late 1980s, with the timespan of the Tertiary now being split into the earlier Paleogene and the more recent Neogene periods, though the Tertiary continues to be used in some scientific publications.
Schappert
Schappert is a surname of German origin meaning shepherd, which is related to the English surname Shepherd.

Notable people with the surname include:

Ashley Schappert (born 1985), athlete, entrepreneur, and film producer

Jason Schappert (born 1988), aviator

John Schappert (baseball) (died 1917), baseball pitcher

Nicole Schappert (born 1986), maiden name of distance runner Nicole Tully

Terry Schappert (born 1962), soldier and television presenter

Shepherd
A shepherd is a person who tends, herds, feeds, or guards flocks of sheep. Shepherding is one of the world's oldest occupations; it exists in many parts of the globe, and it is an important part of pastoralist animal husbandry.

Because the occupation is so widespread, many religions and cultures have symbolic or metaphorical references to shepherds. For example, Jesus called himself the Good Shepherd, and ancient Greek mythologies highlighted shepherds such as Endymion and Daphnis. This symbolism and shepherds as characters are at the center of pastoral literature and art.
Limbic Software
Limbic Software, Inc. is an independent mobile game development company founded in 2009 by Arash Keshmirian, Iman Mostafavi, and Volker Schönefeld. Limbic has designed and developed iOS and Android titles TowerMadness, Grinchmas!, Nuts!, Zombie Gunship, TowerMadness 2, and Zombie Gunship Arcade, with over 25 million game downloads worldwide.

Limbic's debut title, TowerMadness, launched in 2009, and in summer 2011, Limbic released two new titles, Nuts! and Zombie Gunship. Following up with their debut title, they released the sequel TowerMadness 2 in the beginning of 2014. After initially announcing a new title as an April Fools' Day joke, Limbic released Zombie Gunship Arcade shortly after in May 2014. The company's mantra is to create the best mobile gaming experience.

Tower defense
Tower defense (TD) is a subgenre of strategy games where the goal is to defend a player's territories or possessions by obstructing the enemy attackers or by stopping enemies from reaching the exits, usually achieved by placing defensive structures on or along their path of attack. This typically means building a variety of different structures that serve to automatically block, impede, attack or destroy enemies. Tower defense is seen as a subgenre of real-time strategy video games, due to its real-time origins, even though many modern tower defense games include aspects of turn-based strategy. Strategic choice and positioning of defensive elements is an essential strategy of the genre.