hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hickson 40
Hickson 40 is a well-known galaxy group in the constellation Hydra. It consists of 5 separate members (three spiral galaxies, an elliptical galaxy, and a lenticular galaxy) and is in the stage of merging. Member galaxies of Hickson 40 interacted in the early stages of their formation to create a crowded galaxy sampler. Hickson 40 resides at a distance of 300 million light years and is so dense that it could even exist within a region close to the diameter of the Milky Way's galactic disk.

Interacting galaxy
Interacting galaxies, also known as colliding galaxies, are two or more galaxies whose gravitational fields result in a disturbance of one another. There are several types of galactic interactions, including major interactions, minor interactions, and galaxy harassment. Major interactions occur between galaxies with similar amounts of mass, whereas minor interactions involve galaxies with masses that vary significantly. An example of a minor interaction is a satellite galaxy disturbing the primary galaxy's spiral arms. An example of a major interaction is a galactic collision, such as the one that  astronomers estimate will happen in the future between the Milky Way and Andromeda. Collisions may lead to galaxy mergers and may also lead to other phenomena such as star formation and black hole activity.
Spanish cruiser Reina Regente
Reina Regente was the name of two Spanish protected cruisers:

Spanish cruiser Reina Regente (1887), launched in 1887 and wrecked in 1895

Spanish cruiser Reina Regente (1906), launched in 1906 and broken up for scrap in 1926

Spanish cruiser Reina Regente (1887)
Reina Regente (English: Queen Regent) was a Spanish Navy Reina Regente-class protected cruiser commissioned in 1888. She sank during a storm in the Gulf of Cádiz in 1895 with the loss of all hands.

Reina Regente was named for Queen Maria Christina, who served as Queen Regent of Spain from 1885 to 1902 during the minority of her son, the future King Alfonso XIII.
Ivan Safronov
Ivan Ivanovich Safronov (Russian: Иван Иванович Сафронов) (16 January 1956 – 2 March 2007) was a Russian journalist and columnist who covered military affairs for the daily newspaper Kommersant. He died after falling from the fifth floor of his Moscow apartment building. His apartment was on the third floor. There are speculations that he may have been killed for his critical reporting: the Taganka District prosecutor's office in Moscow initiated a criminal investigation into Safronov's death, and in September 2007, officially ruled his death a suicide.

His son Ivan Safronov, who has also worked as a high-profile journalist, was arrested in July 2020 on charges of treason. A Kremlin spokesman stated following the arrest that "As far as we know this is not linked to his prior journalistic activity in any way." Kommersant called the charges of treason "absurd".

Tagansky District
55°44′29″N 37°39′15″E﻿ / ﻿55.74139°N 37.65417°E﻿ / 55.74139; 37.65417

Tagansky District (Russian: Тага́нский райо́н) is a district of Central Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow, Russia, located between the Moskva and Yauza Rivers near the mouth of the latter. Population: 116,744 (2010 Census); 109,993 (2002 Census).
Poland 2050
Szymon Hołownia's Poland 2050 (Polish: Polska 2050 Szymona Hołowni, PL2050) is a centre-right political party in Poland.

It was founded as a social movement in 2020, shortly after that year's presidential election, and was officially registered as a political party in April 2021. In the years prior to the 2023 Polish parliamentary election, eight MPs defected to Poland 2050 in the Sejm. After its first national electoral test, the party finished in third place. Poland 2050 joined a ruling coalition, with its leader Szymon Hołownia being chosen as Marshal of the Sejm. It is ideologically Christian democratic, liberal-conservative and socially conservative.

Paweł Zalewski
Paweł Ksawery Zalewski (born 25 September 1964 in Warsaw) is a Polish politician and unaffiliated member of the Sejm and the European Parliament. He has been a member of the Sejm from 1991—1993, 2005—2007, and 2019—2023 Until May 2021, he was affiliated with Civic Platform (PO).
Cosmocampus investigatoris
Cosmocampus investigatoris (investigator pipefish) is a species of marine fish of the family Syngnathidae. It is found in the Indo-West Pacific, from the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Thailand. It lives over sand, mud, and coral bottoms to depths of 15m, where it can grow to lengths of 9 cm. This species is ovoviviparous, with males carrying eggs in a brood pouch until giving birth to live young.

Syngnathidae
The Syngnathidae is a family of fish which includes seahorses, pipefishes, and seadragons (Phycodurus and Phyllopteryx). The family name comes from Ancient Greek σύν (sún), meaning "together", and γνάθος (gnáthos), meaning "jaw", referring to the fused jaw that the entire family have in common.
Avantdale Bowling Club (album)
Avantdale Bowling Club is the debut album by Avantdale Bowling Club, a project fronted by New Zealand rapper Tom Scott. The album won the Taite Music Prize in 2019, and was recognised as Album of the Year at the 2019 New Zealand Music Awards. Commercially, it debuted at number one on the New Zealand albums chart.

2019 New Zealand Music Awards
The 2019 New Zealand Music Awards was the 53rd holding of the annual ceremony featuring awards for musical recording artists based in or originating from New Zealand. It took place on 14 November 2019 at Spark Arena in Auckland and was hosted by Laura Daniel and Jon Toogood. The awards show was broadcast live nationally on Three.
Sean Ryan (American politician)
Sean M. Ryan (born March 4, 1965) is an American attorney and politician who is currently serving as the mayor of Buffalo. He previously served in New York State Senate representing the 61st district and 60th district from 2021 to 2025, and in the New York State Assembly from 2011 to 2020 in both the 144th district and the 149th district.

Erie County Democratic Committee
The Erie County Democratic Committee (ECDC) is a regional affiliate of the Democratic Party in Erie County, New York.

It is the dominant party within the county, accounting for 44.5% of all registered voters. Comparatively, the Erie County Republican Committee holds 25.5% of the electorate.

Mirroring the national Democratic Party, the committee in its present form represents modern liberalism. It has, however, experienced periods of upheaval where factions within the organization fought against social progress. This includes the Cleveland-Jefferson Club's takeover of the organization in 1926, and four-term mayor James D. Griffin switching party affiliations to retaliate against the committee. Party support dividing in the 1980s between Griffin's conservative South Buffalo base and their rival centrist opponents is a dynamic which still exists to this day.

Jeremy Zellner is the current chairman of the committee, having served since 2012.
Super soldier
A super soldier or supersoldier, is a concept soldier capable of operating beyond normal human abilities, usually through permanent artificial enhancements such as genetic modification or technological integration. The super soldier has been a common trope in science fiction and superhero fiction since the mid-20th century, but it's also used in contemporary discussion of future military human enhancement (often with dystopian connotations).

Superhero fiction
Superhero fiction is a subgenre of speculative fiction showcasing the adventures of costumed crime-fighters known as superheroes, who often possess superhuman powers and battle similarly powered criminals known as supervillains. The genre primarily falls between hard fantasy and soft science fiction in the spectrum of scientific realism, often merging into science fantasy. It is most commonly associated with comic books, though it has expanded into other media through adaptations and original works.
SAT Subject Test in United States History
The SAT Subject Test in United States History was the name of a one-hour multiple choice test given on United States History by The College Board. A student chose whether to take the test depending upon college entrance requirements for the schools in which the student is planning to apply. Until 1994, the SAT Subject Tests were known as Achievement Tests; and from 1995 until January 2005, they were known as SAT IIs. Of all SAT subject tests, United States History was taken the second most, with 119,903 administrations in 2009. On January 19, 2021, the College Board discontinued all SAT Subject tests, including the SAT Subject Test in United States History. This was effective immediately in the United States, and the tests were to be phased out by the following summer for international students. This was done as a response to changes in college admissions due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education.

Multiple choice
Multiple choice, multiple choice question, or objective response is a form of an objective assessment in which respondents are asked to select only the correct answer from the choices offered as a list. The multiple choice format is most frequently used in educational testing, in market research, and in elections, when a person chooses between multiple candidates, parties, or policies.

Although E. L. Thorndike developed an early scientific approach to testing students, it was his assistant Benjamin D. Wood who developed the multiple-choice test. Multiple-choice testing increased in popularity in the mid-20th century when scanners and data-processing machines were developed to check the result. Christopher P. Sole created the first multiple-choice examinations for computers on a Sharp Mz 80 computer in 1982.
Marsena R. Patrick
Marsena Rudolph Patrick (March 15, 1811 – July 27, 1888) was a college president and an officer in the United States Army, serving as a general in the Union volunteer forces during the American Civil War. He was the provost marshal for the Army of the Potomac in many of its campaigns.

Army of the Potomac
The Army of the Potomac was the primary field army of the Union army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. It was created in July 1861 shortly after the First Battle of Bull Run and was disbanded in June 1865 following the surrender of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in April.
USS Winooski (AO-38)
The second USS Winooski (AO-38) was a Kennebec-class oiler in the United States Navy.

Winooski was laid down as Calusa on 23 April 1941 at Sparrows Point, Maryland, by the Bethlehem Steel Company under a Maritime Commission contract (MC hull 144); launched on 12 November 1941; sponsored by Mrs. Laurence B. Levi; taken over by the Navy on 5 January 1942. She was renamed Winooski (AO-38) on 9 January 1942; and commissioned at Baltimore, Maryland, on 27 January 1942.

Replenishment oiler
A replenishment oiler or replenishment tanker is a naval auxiliary ship with fuel tanks and dry cargo holds which can supply both fuel and dry stores during underway replenishment (UNREP) at sea. Many countries have used replenishment oilers.

The United States Navy's hull classification symbol for this type of ship was 'AOR' (Auxiliary Oil Replenishment). Replenishment oilers are slower and carry fewer dry stores than the US Navy's modern fast combat support ships, which carry the classification 'AOE'. In 2020 the US Navy began to develop a new type of ship, the 'AOL' or light replenishment oiler; construction of the first is planned for 2026.
Cornelis (film)
Cornelis is a 2010 Swedish biographical drama film directed by Amir Chamdin, about the life of the musician Cornelis Vreeswijk. The soundtrack of the film was composed by Cornelis' son Jack Vreeswijk.

Vreeswijk is portrayed by Hans Erik Dyvik Husby, also known as Hank Von Helvete, former lead singer in the Norwegian rock band Turbonegro. The film centres on Vreeswijk's refuge to Sweden when he was a child and his radical political views, alcoholism and taste for women in his adulthood. The film's premiere in Sweden was 12 November 2010. David Dencik was nominated for a Guldbagge Award for his portrayal of the folk musician Fred Åkerström.

Jack Vreeswijk
Lars Jacob Jack Vreeswijk (25 January 1964 – 3 April 2023) was a Swedish ballad singer, song lyricist and composer. The son of troubadour Cornelis Vreeswijk, he followed in his father's footsteps and released three albums of his own, often singing his father's songs. He was usually accompanied by guitarist Love Tholin.

In summer 2006, Jack Vreeswijk appeared in a biographical musical show about his father Från James Dean till Nationalskald (meaning From James Dean to National Bard), on Lundsbrunns Health Resort in Götene. The screenplay was written by him and he also played the lead role as the older Cornelis. The acting was interspersed with songs.

Vreeswijk composed music for a film about Cornelis Vreeswijk's life, and produced eight of the tracks on Hans-Erik Dyvik Husbys' album I ljuset av Cornelis (meaning In light of Cornelis). In 2009, he released a tribute album to his father's music titled Jack Vreeswijk sjunger Vreeswijk.
Priska Ming-Nufer
Priska Ming-Nufer (née Nufer; 11 February 1992) is a Swiss World Cup alpine ski racer, and specializes in the speed events of downhill and super-G.

Nufer has competed at three World Championships, the first in 2015 at Beaver Creek, US, in the super-G event. She also represented Switzerland at the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, China, in the combined event.

After the Olympics, Nufer won her first World Cup race in late February 2022, a downhill on home-country snow in Crans-Montana, which was also her first podium (and eighth top ten).

Super-G
Super giant slalom, or super-G, is a racing discipline of alpine skiing. Along with the faster downhill, it is regarded as a "speed" event, in contrast to the technical events giant slalom and slalom. It debuted as an official World Cup event during the 1983 season and was added to the official schedule of the World Championships in 1987 and the Winter Olympics in 1988.

Much like downhill, a super-G course consists of widely set gates that racers must pass through. The course is set so that skiers must turn more than in downhill, though the speeds are still much higher than in giant slalom (hence the name). Each athlete only has one run to clock the best time. In the Olympics, super-G courses are usually set on the same slopes as the downhill, but with a lower starting point.
Nick Middleton
Nick Middleton (born 1963 June 4) is a British physical geographer and supernumerary fellow of St Anne's College, Oxford. He specialises in desertification.

Middleton was born in London, England. As a geographer, he has travelled to more than 70 countries. In Going to Extremes, a Channel 4 television programme about extreme lifestyles, he experienced life in the hostile conditions that other cultures must endure. Part of his book 'Extremes Along the Silk Road' is included in NCERT's class 11 English textbook.

He won the Royal Geographical Society's Ness Award in 2002.

He has appeared on BBC 2's 
He met Norbu in Tibet 
Who later became his companion in Through the Keyhole.

Ness Award
The Ness Award is an annual award of the Royal Geographical Society to travellers, particularly those who have successfully popularised Geography and the wider understanding of our world and its environments. It was established in 1953 and named after Mrs Patrick Ness (1881–1962), an intrepid and well-to-do traveller throughout Africa and the first female Fellow of the Society.

Mrs Patrick Ness was born Elizabeth Wilhelmina Miller in Brighton in 1881 and married Patrick Powell Ness in 1903. She accompanied her husband to Kenya before the First World War and then returned alone in 1920, when she made several epic journeys across the African and Asian continents. In 1923 she crossed the Syrian Desert, in 1927 she travelled from Khartoum to Nairobi and on via the Congo to the Cape, the first European woman to travel on Lake Kivu. She later wrote a book of her adventures entitled Ten Thousand Miles in Two Continents
Drob
Drob, fully named Drob de Miel (Lamb Drob) or Drob de Paște (Easter Drob), is a traditional Romanian dish of lamb offals (liver, lungs, spleen, heart, kidney), green onions, herbs (dill, parsley, garlic, lovage), eggs (boiled or fresh), and bread soaked in water or milk. The boiled offals are chopped and mixed with all the other ingredients and seasoned with salt and pepper. The caul of the lamb is stretched over a loaf pan and filled with the mixture.

Lamb drob is one of the most popular traditional dishes, so there are a number of variations of the recipe. One of these is the use of a sheet of dough instead of the caul. Usually, boiled eggs are placed in the middle of the loaf.

In the world there are a few dishes similar to lamb drob, such as haggis, or faggots. However, while haggis uses mutton or lamb it is boiled in the stomach of the sheep, while faggots, which do use the caul, are made from pork offal.

Bread
Bread is a baked food product made from water, flour, and often yeast. It is a staple food across the world, particularly in Europe and the Middle East. Throughout recorded history and around the world, it has been an important part of many cultures' diets. It is one of the oldest human-made foods, having been of significance since the dawn of agriculture, and plays an essential role in both religious rituals and secular culture.

Bread may be leavened by naturally occurring microbes (e.g. sourdough), chemicals (e.g. baking soda), industrially produced yeast, or high-pressure aeration, which creates the gas bubbles that fluff up bread. Bread may also be unleavened. In many countries, mass-produced bread often contains additives to improve flavor, texture, color, shelf life, nutrition, and ease of production.
Mynydd Allt-y-grug
Mynydd Allt-y-grug is a 338-metre-high hill immediately west of Ystalyfera in the county borough of Neath Port Talbot in South Wales. Its twin summits are around 400m apart. The upper part of the hill is largely covered in heather whilst conifers clothe its western slopes and gorse, bracken and bramble cover much of its rough landslide eastern side which rises above the Swansea Valley, drainage on this side flowing to the River Tawe.

Hill
A hill is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain. It often has a distinct summit, and is usually applied to peaks which are above elevation compared to the relative landmass, though not as prominent as mountains. Hills fall under the category of slope landforms.
Wildflowers (Cassandra Vasik song)
"Wildflowers" is a song recorded by Canadian country music artist Cassandra Vasik. It was released in 1992 as the fourth single from her debut album, Wildflowers. It peaked at number 10 on the RPM Country Tracks chart in August 1992.

Cassandra Vasik
Cassandra Vasik is a Canadian country music singer-songwriter from Blenheim, Ontario. Signed to Epic Records, she released two albums and 11 singles for the label between 1991 and 1994.

In 1992, she won the Rising Star award at the Canadian Country Music Association Awards. She also won the 1992 and 1994 Juno Award for Best Country Female Vocalist. In 2000, Vasik released a pop album, Different, on Perimeter Records.
East (Croydon ward)
East was an electoral ward in the London Borough of Croydon from 1965 to 1978. The ward was first used in the 1964 elections and last used for the 1974 elections. It returned three councillors to Croydon London Borough Council. For elections to the Greater London Council, the ward was part of the Croydon electoral division from 1965 and then the Croydon North East division from 1973.

1964 London local elections
The 1964 London local elections were held on 7 May 1964 alongside nationwide elections. They were the inaugural elections for the thirty-two London boroughs, which were created on 1 April 1965 by the London Government Act 1963. All seats were up for election, with polling stations open between 08:00 and 21:00.

The result was a landslide for the Labour Party, who won twenty of the boroughs. The Conservatives won nine, and three were under no overall control. Only sixteen Liberal councillors were elected in London, along with forty-nine residents and ratepayers candidates, three independents and three Communists. The result followed the convincing Labour gain of the new Greater London Council in the first GLC elections which had been held on 9 April.
Wipe Out (album)
Wipe Out is a Dot Records album credited to The Surfaris, released in 1963. It contains their best known song "Wipe Out". It turned out that only two tracks, "Wipe Out" and "Surfer Joe" were actually played by The Surfaris, therefore repressings were titled  Wipe Out and Surfer Joe and Other Popular Selections by Other Instrumental Groups. The remaining tracks were played by members of The Challengers plus other musicians. The Surfaris were signed to Decca Records, and their first album on that label was called Play (Decca DL 4470).

Dot released a single from this album in July 1965: "You Can't Sit Down", backed with "Surfer Joe", catalog number Dot 16757.

Ron Wilson (drummer)
Ronald Lee Wilson (June 26, 1944 – May 12, 1989) was an American musician and recording artist, best known as an original member and drummer of The Surfaris, an early surf music group of the 1960s. Wilson's energetic drum solo on "Wipe Out" (a #2 US/#5 UK hit) made it one of the best-known instrumental songs of the period.
Thereianthus
Thereianthus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Iridaceae, first described as a genus in 1941. The entire genus is endemic to Cape Province in South Africa.

The genus name is derived from the Greek words thereios, meaning "summer", and anthos, meaning "flower".

Species

Cape Province
The Province of the Cape of Good Hope (Afrikaans: Provinsie Kaap die Goeie Hoop), commonly referred to as "the Cape Province" (Afrikaans: Kaapprovinsie) and colloquially as "The Cape" (Afrikaans: Die Kaap), was a province in the Union of South Africa and subsequently the Republic of South Africa. It encompassed the old Cape Colony, as well as Walvis Bay, and had Cape Town as its capital. In 1994, the Cape Province was divided into the new Eastern Cape, Northern Cape and Western Cape provinces, along with part of the North West.
Port Huron Patriots
The Port Huron Patriots were a professional indoor football team based in Port Huron, Michigan. The team was a member of the North Division of the Continental Indoor Football League (CIFL). The Patriots joined the CIFL in 2012 as an expansion team. The Patriots were the third indoor football team to be based in Port Huron, the first being CIFL charter members and inaugural champions the Port Huron Pirates (2006–2007), and the other being the CIFL based Port Huron Predators. The Owners of the Patriots were Jude Carter, Lonnie Nichols, Lance Nichols, David Nichols, Larry Page, Matt Wuchte and Nick Kennedy-Saura. The Patriots played their home games at the McMorran Arena.

Port Huron Pirates
The Port Huron Pirates were a professional indoor football team based in Port Huron, Michigan. The team was a charter member of the Great Lakes Indoor Football League (GLIFL) joining the league in 2006 as an expansion team. The Pirates were the first professional indoor football team to be based in Port Huron. They played their home games at McMorran Arena in Port Huron, Michigan.

The Pirates are the only team to never lose a regular season game in the history of the Continental Indoor Football League, going 22–0 for the only two years that the team existed.