hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Glass coloring and color marking
The appearance of different colors in glass is largely due to the way light interacts with the materials it contains. In an extremely pure glass, without impurities such as bubbles, coloring ions, or crystalline and nano-sized phases, all visible light would pass through, and the glass would appear completely transparent. When such impurities are present, they selectively absorb certain wavelengths of light, resulting in coloured glass.

Glass coloring and color marking may be obtained in several ways.

by the addition of coloring ions,

by precipitation of nanometer-sized colloids (so-called striking glasses such as "gold ruby" or red "selenium ruby"), Ancient Roman enamelled glass, 1st century, Treasure of Begram

by colored inclusions (as in milk glass and smoked glass)

by light scattering (as in phase separated glass)

by dichroic coatings (see dichroic glass), or

by colored coatings

Cadmium sulfide
Cadmium sulfide is the inorganic compound with the formula CdS. Cadmium sulfide is a yellow salt. It occurs in nature with two different crystal structures as the rare minerals greenockite and hawleyite, but is more prevalent as an impurity substituent in the similarly structured zinc ores sphalerite and wurtzite, which are the major economic sources of cadmium. As a compound that is easy to isolate and purify, it is the principal source of cadmium for all commercial applications. Its vivid yellow color led to its adoption as a pigment for the yellow paint "cadmium yellow" in the 1800s.
2010 Nielsen Pro Tennis Championship – Doubles
Carsten Ball and Travis Rettenmaier were the defending champions; however, they competed in Wimbledon instead.
Ryler DeHeart and Pierre-Ludovic Duclos won in the final 7–6(4), 4–6, [10–8], against Rik de Voest and Somdev Devvarman.

Travis Rettenmaier
Travis Rettenmaier (born August 6, 1983) is an American former professional tennis player and pickleball player. Rettenmaier's highest singles ranking was World No. 273 achieved on February 27, 2006. In doubles, his ranking was World No. 57, which he achieved on July 12, 2010. He was mainly active as a doubles player.

Rettenmaier in 2022 became the first owner/player of a Major League Pickleball team. As a co-owner of the Florida Smash (www.floridasmash.com) Rettenmaier made the finals of the first event at Dreamland in Dripping Springs, Texas. Rettenmaier played alongside JW Johnson, Lee Whitwell and Maggy Remynse.

Rettenmaier is now a full time professional pickleball player with an intense interest in the growth and business of pickleball.
Sde Yoav
Sde Yoav (Hebrew: שְׂדֵה יוֹאָב, lit. Yoav's Field) is a kibbutz in southcentral Israel. Located between the cities of Kiryat Gat, Kiryat Malakhi and Ashkelon, it falls under the jurisdiction of Yoav Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 607.

Kiryat Malakhi
Kiryat Malakhi (Hebrew: קריית מלאכי, lit. 'City of Angels') also spelled Kiryat Malahi, Kiryat Malachi, or Qiryat Mal'akhi, is a city in the Southern District of Israel, 17 kilometres (11 mi) northeast of Ashkelon. In 2023 it had a population of 27,396. Its jurisdiction is 4,632 dunams (~4.6 km2).
Vilhjálmsdóttir
Vilhjálmsdóttir is a surname of Icelandic origin, meaning daughter of Vilhjálmur (William or Wilhelm). In Icelandic names, the name is not strictly a surname, but a patronymic. The name refers to:

Linda Vilhjálmsdóttir (b. 1958), Icelandic poet and playwright

Margrét Vilhjálmsdóttir (b. 1966), Icelandic stage, film, and television actress

Unnur Birna Vilhjálmsdóttir (b. 1984), Icelandic beauty queen; Miss World 2005

Icelanders
Icelanders (Icelandic: Íslendingar) are an ethnic group and nation who are native to the island country of Iceland. They speak Icelandic, a North Germanic language.

Icelanders established the country of Iceland in mid 930 CE when the Alþingi (parliament) met for the first time. Iceland came under the reign of Norwegian, Swedish and Danish kings but regained full sovereignty from the Danish monarchy on 1 December 1918, when the Kingdom of Iceland was established. On 17 June 1944, Iceland became a republic. Lutheranism is the predominant religion. Historical and DNA records indicate that around 60 to 80 percent of the male settlers were of Norse origin (primarily from Western Norway) and a similar percentage of the women were of Gaelic stock from Ireland and peripheral Scotland.
Lincoln Hospital (Durham, North Carolina)
Lincoln Hospital was a medical facility located in Durham, North Carolina founded to serve the African Americans of Durham County and surrounding areas. With original hospital construction financed by the Duke family, Lincoln served as the primary African American hospital in Durham from its opening in 1901 until 1976, when it closed and transferred its inpatient services to Durham County General Hospital.

Despite its cultural setting within the Jim Crow South, Lincoln Hospital developed and thrived due to a complex web of inter- and intraracial cooperation. Lincoln's medical staff sought to reduce morbidity and mortality of Durham blacks by targeting maternal and child health, infectious disease, and health behavior through health education programs, specialized clinics, and free medical care. Lincoln expanded educational opportunities for blacks through their nursing, residency, and surgery programs during a time when few opportunities existed for blacks in healthcare.

Durham County, North Carolina
Durham County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 324,833, making it the sixth-most populous county in North Carolina. Its county seat is Durham, which is the only incorporated municipality predominantly in the county, though very small portions of cities and towns mostly in neighboring counties also extend into Durham County. The central and southern parts of Durham County are highly urban, consisting of the city as well as several unincorporated suburbs. Southeastern Durham County is dominated by the Research Triangle Park, most of which is in Durham County. The northern third of Durham County is rural in nature. Durham County is the core of the Durham–Chapel Hill, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Raleigh–Durham–Cary, NC Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 2,368,947 in 2023.
Peter Hollingworth
Peter John Hollingworth (born 10 April 1935) is an Australian retired Anglican bishop. Engaged in social work for several decades, he served as the archbishop of the Anglican Diocese of Brisbane in Queensland for 11 years from 1989 and was the 1991 Australian of the Year. He served as the 23rd governor-general of Australia from 2001 until 2003. He is also an author and recipient of various civil and ecclesiastical honours. In May 2003 Hollingworth became the third Australian governor-general to resign, after criticisms were aired over his conduct as Anglican Archbishop of Brisbane in the 1990s.

Conscription in Australia
Conscription in Australia, also known as National Service following the Second World War, has a controversial history which dates back to the implementation of compulsory military training and service in the first years of Australia's nationhood. Military conscription for peacetime service was abolished in 1972.

However, in times of war, the Defence Act 1903 allows the Governor-General of Australia to authorise conscription for service in the Defence Force, provided it is approved by the Parliament of Australia within 90 days.
The Ghost at Skeleton Rock
The Ghost at Skeleton Rock is the thirty-seventh volume in the original The Hardy Boys series of mystery books for children and teens published by Grosset & Dunlap.

This book was written for the Stratemeyer Syndicate by James Duncan Lawrence (who also wrote the majority of the Tom Swift Jr. series) in 1957. Between 1959 and 1973 the first 38 volumes of this series were systematically revised as part of a project directed by Harriet Adams, Edward Stratemeyer's daughter. The original version of this book was shortened in 1966 by Priscilla Baker-Carr resulting in two slightly different stories sharing the same title.

Stratemeyer Syndicate
The Stratemeyer Syndicate was an American book packaging company that produced a number of book series for children, including Nancy Drew, The Hardy Boys, the various Tom Swift series, the Bobbsey Twins, the Rover Boys, and others. It contracted the many pseudonymous authors who wrote the series from 1899 to 1987, and arranged the publishing by firms such as Grosset & Dunlap. In 1987 it was sold to Simon & Schuster.
Strawberry Shortcake and the Baby Without a Name
Strawberry Shortcake and the Baby Without a Name is a 1984 American animated television special that first premiered on March 24, 1984, in New York City and on March 30 in Los Angeles. This is the second Strawberry Shortcake television special produced by Nelvana Limited and the fifth to feature the American Greetings character.

American Greetings
American Greetings Corporation is a privately held American company and is the world's second largest greeting card producer behind Hallmark Cards. Based in Westlake, Ohio, a suburb of Cleveland, the company sells paper greeting cards, electronic greeting cards, gift packaging, stickers and party products. In addition, the company owns the  Carlton Cards, Tender Thoughts,  Papyrus, Recycled Paper Greetings and Gibson Greetings brands.

American Greetings' former toy design and licensing division, initially called Those Characters From Cleveland, subsequently renamed AG Properties and American Greetings Entertainment and now separately owned as Cloudco Entertainment. American Greetings also holds an exclusive license for Nickelodeon characters.
European Renal Association
The European Renal Association (ERA) is one of the biggest nephrology associations worldwide, with more than 28,000 members.

ERA aims to reduce the burden of chronic kidney disease by supporting basic and clinical research in the fields of clinical nephrology, dialysis, and renal transplantation. The Association organises annual congresses, e-seminars and continuing medical education (CME) courses, and supports fellowships.

Clinical research
Clinical research is a branch of medical research that involves people and aims to determine the effectiveness (efficacy) and safety of medications, devices, diagnostic products, and treatment regimens intended for improving human health. These research procedures are designed for the prevention, treatment, diagnosis or understanding of disease symptoms.

Clinical research is different from clinical practice: in clinical practice, established treatments are used to improve the condition of a person, while in clinical research, evidence is collected under rigorous study conditions on groups of people to determine the efficacy and safety of a treatment.
Jovan Jovanović Zmaj
Jovan Jovanović Zmaj (Serbian Cyrillic: Јован Јовановић Змаj, pronounced [jɔ̌v̞an jɔv̞ǎːnɔv̞it͡ɕ zmâj]; 24 November 1833 – 1 June 1904) was a Serbian poet, translator and physician.

Jovanović worked as a physician; he wrote in many poetry genres, including love, lyric, patriotic, political, and youth, but he remains best known for his children's poetry. His nursery rhymes have entered the Serbian national consciousness and people sing them to their children without knowing who wrote them. Jovanović also translated the works of some of the great poets, such as Russians Lermontov and Pushkin, Germans Goethe and Heine, and the American Longfellow.

Jovanović's nickname Zmaj (Змај, 'dragon') derives from the 3 May 1848 assembly.

Political poetry
Political poetry brings together politics and poetry. According to "The Politics of Poetry" by David Orr, poetry and politics connect through expression and feeling, although both of them are matters of persuasion.  Political poetry connects to people's feelings, and politics connects to current events. Poetry can also make political references and have real effects on the perception of politics.

Political poetry can impact readers because both politics and poetry express views, with political poetry often defined as being: "a specific political situation; rooted in an identifiable political philosophy; addressing a particular political actor; written in language that can be understood and appreciated by its intended audience; and finally, offered in a public forum where it can have maximum persuasive effect".

Political poetry has existed from the earliest times, including the Roman, Horace ( 65 BC – 8 BC).
Estrella de Puebla
Estrella de Puebla (Spanish for "Star of Puebla") is a touristic Ferris wheel located in Puebla de Zaragoza, in Puebla, Mexico. It was opened on July 22, 2013, by governor Rafael Moreno Valle Rosas. The wheel received the Guinness Record for the world's largest portable observation wheel, with a diameter of 69.8 meters (229 feet) and a height of 80 meters (260 feet).

The Estrella de Puebla is part of a touristic complex that includes the Parque Lineal, Jardín del Arte, Ecoparque Metropolitano, Paseo del Río Atoyac, as well as the International Museum of the Baroque.

Governor Miguel Barbosa Huerta, stated that the idea of retiring the Estrella de Puebla has not been dismissed, as it is "Moreno Valle's insignia of waste". However, local media has demonstrated that the attraction is economically self-sustaining.

Rafael Moreno Valle Rosas
Rafael Moreno Valle Rosas (30 June 1968 – 24 December 2018) was a Mexican politician affiliated at different times with both the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) and the National Action Party (PAN). He was the governor of Puebla from February 2011 through January 2017.

Moreno Valle also served as a deputy during the 59th Congress, representing Puebla's 8th district for the PRI, and as a senator in the 60th, 61st and 64th sessions of Congress for the PAN.

Moreno Valle was the grandson of Rafael Moreno Valle, a doctor and politician who also served as the governor of Puebla from 1969 to 1972. He was also the spouse of Martha Erika Alonso Hidalgo, the first woman governor of Puebla.
The Romsey School
The Romsey School is a mixed community academy in Romsey, Hampshire, England. The school was a secondary modern, called Romsey County Secondary School, until the 1970s when it became a comprehensive. In 2000 it became a Specialist Language College jointly with The Mountbatten School. In 2005 the school's specialisation changed to a Mathematics and Computing College. In August 2011 the school became an academy. The school has approximately 1100 children aged 11–16 and 100 teachers. The catchment area includes the villages of Ampfield, Braishfield, Sherfield English, Michelmersh, Timsbury and Awbridge.

In 2010 81% of pupils achieved 5 or more A*–C grades in their GCSEs. 94% of pupils achieved at least a pass on A*-C. In 2018 the Progress 8 measure was average for the school and 50% of pupils achieved Grade 5 or above in English and maths GCSEs, compared to 45% for Hampshire and 40% for England.

Language College (United Kingdom specialist schools programme)
Language Colleges were introduced in 1995 as part of the 2011-defunct specialist schools programme (SSP) in the United Kingdom. The system enabled secondary schools to specialise in certain fields, in this case, modern foreign languages. Schools that successfully applied to the Specialist Schools Trust and became Language Colleges received extra funding for language teaching from this joint private sector and government scheme. Language Colleges act as a local point of reference for other schools and businesses in the area, with an emphasis on promoting languages within the community. They are also encouraged to develop links with schools and other institutions in foreign countries. There were 216 Language Colleges in the country by 2010.

The specialist schools programme was discontinued by the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government in April 2011. Since then schools can become Language Colleges either through academisation or through the Dedicated Schools Grant.
Central Band of the Royal Malay Regiment
The Central Band of the Royal Malay Regiment (Malay: Pancaragam Pusat Rejimen Melayu Diraja, PPRAMD) is the official central band of the Malaysian Army's Royal Malay Regiment that is dedicated to providing ceremonial honours and music to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the Prime Minister, the Chief Justice, the President of the Senate, and the Speaker of the House of Representatives. It is the Army's seniormost band. It is considered the equivalent to the 5 regimental bands of the Foot Guards.

King of Malaysia
The King of Malaysia, officially Yang di-Pertuan Agong (lit. 'He who is made Lord', Jawi: يڠ دڤرتوان اݢوڠ‎), is the constitutional monarch and ceremonial head of state of Malaysia. The office was established in 1957, when the Federation of Malaya gained independence from the United Kingdom. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is elected by the Conference of Rulers, comprising the nine rulers of the Malay states, with the office de facto rotated between them, making Malaysia one of the world's few elective monarchies.

The 17th and current Yang di-Pertuan Agong is Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor. He was elected on 26 October 2023, at a special meeting of the Conference of Rulers; he took the oath of office and was sworn in at the Istana Negara on 31 January 2024. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong's queen consort is known as the Raja Permaisuri Agong (Queen of Malaysia), currently Raja Zarith Sofiah. The royal couple are styled in English as "His Majesty" and "Her Majesty".
Trying to Find Chinatown
Trying to Find Chinatown is a 1996 play by American playwright David Henry Hwang. It deals with issues of racial identity by pitting an Asian street musician against a Caucasian man who claims Asian American heritage.

The Caucasian man is on his way to the house his recently deceased father was born in, which he claims is Chinatown. The violinist is angered by the white man's insistence he's Asian, not knowing that the white man was adopted by Asian-American parents.

The play premiered as part of the Actors Theatre of Louisville's Humana Festival on March 29, 1996. It was directed by Paul McCrane.

It is published as the titular play in the collection Trying to Find Chinatown: The Selected Plays by Theatre Communications Group and as one title in a dual acting edition with Hwang's Bondage published by Dramatists Play Service.

Theatre Communications Group
Theatre Communications Group (TCG) is an American non-profit service organization headquartered in New York City that promotes professional non-profit theatre in the United States.

The organization also publishes American Theatre  magazine and ARTSEARCH, a theatrical employment bulletin, as well as trade editions of theatrical scripts.
David Dickey
David Alan Dickey (born c. 1945) is an American statistician who has specialised in time series analysis. He is a William Neal Reynolds Professor in the Department of Statistics at North Carolina State University. The Dickey–Fuller test is named for him and Wayne Arthur Fuller.
David Dickey is listed as an ISI highly cited researcher by the ISI Highly Cited Database of the ISI Web of Knowledge. He is an elected Fellow (2000) of the  American Statistical Association. He is from Ohio.

Statistician
A statistician is a person who works with theoretical or applied statistics. The profession exists in both the private and public sectors.

It is common to combine statistical knowledge with expertise in other subjects, and statisticians may work as employees or as statistical consultants.
Nothing But the Truth (Rhode novel)
Nothing But the Truth is a 1947 detective novel by John Rhode, the pen name of the British writer Cecil Street. It is the forty fourth in his long-running series of novels featuring Lancelot Priestley, a Golden Age armchair detective.

In a contemporary review in The New York Times Isaac Anderson wrote, "The pattern is the same as in the other Dr. Priestley stories, and it is becoming more than a bit shopworn." However, Will Cuppy, writing in the New York Herald Tribune, was much more positive "Here is real detection in entertaining form, standard Grade A goods."

Golden Age of Detective Fiction
The Golden Age of Detective Fiction was an era of classic murder mystery novels of similar patterns and styles, predominantly in the 1920s and 1930s. While the Golden Age proper is usually taken to refer to works from that period, this type of fiction has been written since at least 1911 and is still being written.

In his history of the detective story, Bloody Murder: From the Detective Story to the Crime Novel, the author Julian Symons heads two chapters devoted to the Golden Age as "the Twenties" and "the Thirties". Symons notes that Philip Van Doren Stern's article, "The Case of the Corpse in the Blind Alley" (1941), "could serve ... as an obituary for the Golden Age." Authors Agatha Christie, Dorothy L. Sayers, Margery Allingham, and Ngaio Marsh have been collectively called the Queens of Crime.
Adoration of the Christ Child (Lippi, Prato)
Adoration of the Christ Child is a tempera on panel altarpiece by Filippo Lippi, originally painted for the church of San Domenico in Prato and now in the city's Museo Civico. It is also known as Adoration of the Christ Child with St Vincent Ferrer or Nativity with St George and St Vincent Ferrer. It was painted between 1455 (the year of saint Vincent Ferrer's canonisation) and 1466 (the year the artist left Prato after fourteen years there). The work was probably damaged by a fire in the church in 1467, requiring some repairs which were discovered in a recent restoration of the work.

After his canonisation, Ferrer became an important model for Dominican culture as a symbol of the struggle against heresy - he is shown to the right of the work having a vision of the Virgin Mary in a mandorla. St Joseph, the Virgin Mary and Saint George are shown adoring the Christ Child, with two shepherds and a number of angels in the background.

Vincent Ferrer
Vincent Ferrer, OP (Valencian: Sant Vicent Ferrer [ˈsaɱ viˈsɛɱ feˈreɾ]; Spanish: San Vicente Ferrer; Italian: San Vincenzo Ferreri; German: Sankt Vinzenz Ferrer; Dutch: Sint-Vincent Ferrer; French: Saint Vincent Ferrier; 23 January 1350 – 5 April 1419) was a Valencian Dominican friar who gained acclaim as a preacher, missionary and logician. After supporting Antipope Benedict XIII during the Western Schism, Ferrer travelled to preach across Western Europe and the British Isles. His preaching has been credited in some sources as converting 25,000 Jews to Catholicism, other sources indicate that they involved supporting coercive means, such as the forcible conversion of synagogues into churches. He was canonized in 1455.
Ukrainian hip-hop
Ukrainian hip hop is a major part of the Ukrainian music scene. Refers to all genres of hip hop music in the Ukrainian language. The term Ukr-hop is also sometimes used to refer to any hip hop music made by Ukrainians, including instrumental hip hop, as well as rap songs by members of the Ukrainian diaspora.

Ukrainian diaspora
The Ukrainian diaspora comprises Ukrainians and their descendants who live outside Ukraine around the world, especially those who maintain some kind of connection  to the land of their ancestors and maintain their feeling of Ukrainian national identity within their own local community. The Ukrainian diaspora is found throughout numerous regions worldwide including other post-Soviet states as well as in Canada and other countries such as Poland, the United States, the UK and Brazil.