hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cape Expedition
The Cape Expedition was the deliberately misleading name given to a secret five-year wartime programme of establishing coastwatching stations on New Zealand's more distant uninhabited subantarctic islands.  The decision to do so was made by the New Zealand Government's War Cabinet in December 1940, with the program terminating at the end of the Pacific War in 1945.

Subantarctic
The sub-Antarctic zone is a physiographic region in the Southern Hemisphere, located immediately north of the Antarctic region. This translates roughly to a latitude of between 46° and 60° south of the Equator. The subantarctic region includes many islands in the southern parts of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans, especially those situated north of the Antarctic Convergence. Subantarctic glaciers are, by definition, located on islands within the subantarctic region. All glaciers located on the continent of Antarctica are by definition considered to be Antarctic glaciers.
Coiling
A coiling or coil is a curve, helix, or spiral used for storing rope or cable in compact and reliable yet easily attainable form. They are often discussed with knots.

Rope are often coiled and hung up in lofts for storage. They are also hung over stakes in farm wagons and on hooks in moving vans, fire apparatus and linesmen's repair trucks. For such active storage coils must be well made.

Bight (knot)
In knot tying, a bight is a curved section or slack part between the two ends of a rope, string, or yarn.  A knot that can be tied using only the bight of a rope, without access to the ends, is described as in the bight.  The term "bight" is also used in a more specific way when describing Turk's head knots, indicating how many repetitions of braiding are made in the circuit of a given knot.
AMD FireStream
AMD FireStream  was AMD's brand name for their Radeon-based product line targeting stream processing and/or GPGPU in supercomputers. Originally developed by ATI Technologies around the Radeon X1900 XTX in 2006, the product line was previously branded as both ATI FireSTREAM and AMD Stream Processor. The AMD FireStream can also be used as a floating-point co-processor for offloading CPU calculations, which is part of the Torrenza initiative. The FireStream line has been discontinued since 2012, when GPGPU workloads were entirely folded into the AMD FirePro line.

Floating point operations per second
Floating point operations per second (FLOPS, flops or flop/s) is a measure of computer performance in computing, useful in fields of scientific computations that require floating-point calculations.

For such cases, it is a more accurate measure than instructions per second.
Ascodesmis nigricans
Ascodesmis nigricans is a coprophilous fungus that could be isolated from the dung of various animals. It was firstly introduced by Philippe Édouard Léon Van Tieghem, a French botanist, and was the type species of the genus Ascodesmis. It is an uncommon species but its development of the fruit body has been the subject of much laboratory study due to the easy nature of its cultivation. Ascodesmis nigricans is not pathogenic to human, animals or plants. This species has world-wide distribution.

Coprophilous fungus
A coprophilous fungus (dung-loving fungus) is a type of saprobic fungus that grows on animal dung. The hardy spores of coprophilous species are unwittingly consumed by herbivores from vegetation, and are excreted along with the plant matter. The fungi then flourish in the faeces, before releasing their spores to the surrounding area.
Bollo Lane
Bollo Lane is a street in Acton in London running northeastwards from Chiswick Park tube station to Acton Town tube station. It is one of the oldest streets in the area, the name dating back to the Bollobridge over Stamford Brook in the twelfth century. The earliest reference to the street is as Bolhollane in 1408, the name meaning the "lane at Bull Hollow". It marks the boundary between the London Borough of Ealing to the north and the London Borough of Hounslow to the south. The Bollo pub is located in the street nearer to the Chiswick Park end.

12th century
The 12th century is the period from 1101 to 1200 in accordance with the Julian calendar.  
In the history of European culture, this period is considered part of the High Middle Ages and overlaps with what is often called the "'Golden Age' of the Cistercians". The Golden Age of Islam experienced significant development, particularly in Islamic Spain.

In Song dynasty China, an invasion by Jurchens caused a political schism of north and south. The Khmer Empire of Cambodia flourished during this century, while the Fatimids of Egypt were overtaken by the Ayyubid dynasty. Following the expansions of the Ghaznavids and Ghurid Empire, the Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent took place at the end of the century.
Fanafjorden
Fanafjorden is a fjord in Bergen Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It lies about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south of the centre of the city of Bergen. The 8.5-kilometre (5.3 mi) long fjord is a fjord arm that branches off of the main Krossfjorden and cuts into the large Bergen Peninsula. The deepest point in the fjord reaches 160 metres (520 ft) below sea level. The fjord is located between the small Krokeide peninsula (on the south) and the village area of Milde in the borough of Ytrebygda. The fjord forms a natural boundary between the city boroughs of Fana and Ytrebygda. The urban area of Fanahammeren lies at the eastern end of the fjord.

Fana, Bergen
Fana is a borough of the city of Bergen in Vestland county, Norway.  The borough makes up the southeastern part of the municipality of Bergen.  The borough was once part of the historic Fana Municipality which was incorporated into Bergen in 1972.  he old municipality was much larger than the present-day borough of Fana. It also included all of the present-day boroughs of Ytrebygda and Fyllingsdalen as well as the southern part of the present-day boroughs of Årstad.  As of 1 January 2012, Fana had a population of 39,216.
Haengjusanseong
Haengjusanseong (Korean: 행주산성; Hanja: 幸州山城) is an ancient Korean fortress in Deogyang District, Goyang, South Korea. On January 21, 1963, it was designated Historic Site of South Korea No. 56.

It was built during the Three Kingdoms of Korea period, possibly around the mid-7th century. It was the site of the 1593 Battle of Haengju during the 1592–1598 Imjin War. The first excavation at the site was conducted in 1991. Parts of the fortress began to be restored then. Another investigation began in 2000. More research was conducted in 2016, 2017, and 2019. These investigations found that the fortress had been rebuilt several times over through the Goryeo and Joseon periods.

There is a monument to the Battle of Haengju on the top of the mountain that was constructed in 1603. The temple Chungjangsa is also on the mountain; it enshrines a portrait of Kwŏn Yul, the Korean general of the battle.

Kwŏn Yul (general)
Kwŏn Yul (Korean: 권율; Hanja: 權慄; 28 December 1537 – 6 July 1599) was a Korean army general and the commander-in-chief (도원수; 導元帥) of the Joseon period, who successfully led the Korean forces against Japan during the Japanese invasions of Korea. He is best known for the Battle of Haengju where he defeated an attacking force of about 30,000 Japanese with 2,800 troops.
Herbert Carmichael Irwin
Flight Lieutenant Herbert Carmichael "Bird" Irwin, AFC (26 June 1894 – 5 October 1930) was an Irish aviator and Olympic athlete.

During World War I, Irwin served in the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS), where he commanded non-rigid airships. After the Great War, the "tall sensitive Irishman" commanded larger rigid airships, initially for the Royal Air Force (RAF) and later on secondment to the (civilian) Royal Airship Works as part of the Imperial Airship Scheme.

Both before and after WWI, Irwin also had a successful career as a middle- and long-distance and cross-country runner, and he represented Great Britain at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium.

Irwin's aviation career culminated in his command of the airship R101, the largest airship in the world at the time; he was killed along with another 47 people when it crashed in northern France on a flight from Britain to India.

Imperial Airship Scheme
The British Imperial Airship Scheme was a project conceived in 1924 to improve communication and provide transportation between Great Britain and distant countries of the vast British Empire by establishing regular air service using passenger airships. The first phase was the construction of two large and technically advanced airships, the R100 and the R101; the R100 made a successful transatlantic trial flight to Canada and back during the summer of 1930. In October 1930, the R101, beset with several design and manufacturing flaws, crashed and burned in France while attempting its first flight to India. In 1931, following the loss of the R101, the entire British airship scheme was terminated.
Kenolamna
Kenolamna is an extinct genus of mackerel shark from the Cretaceous period known only from  isolated teeth. It is named in honor of Kenneth McNamara, former curator of Paleontology at the Western Australian Museum. It is tentatively placed in the family Otodontidae, and is closest in design to Cretalamna and Paleocarcharodon though it is unclear how closely related it is to either. Currently, it is a monotypic genus containing only the species K. gunsoni.

Western Australian Museum
The Western Australian Museum is a statutory authority within the Culture and the Arts Portfolio, established under the Museum Act 1969.

The museum has six main sites. The state museum, WA Museum Boola Bardip, is located in the Perth Cultural Centre. The other sites are: the WA Maritime Museum and WA Shipwrecks Museum in Fremantle, the Museum of the Great Southern in Albany, the Museum of Geraldton in Geraldton, and the Museum of the Goldfields in Kalgoorlie-Boulder.
Jumilla CF
Jumilla Club de Fútbol was a Spanish football team based in Jumilla, Region of Murcia. Founded in 1941, refounded 1975 and dissolved in 2011, it held home games at Estadio Municipal de La Hoya, with a 3,000-seat capacity.

Jumilla
Jumilla (Spanish pronunciation: [xuˈmiʎa]) is a town and a municipality in southeastern Spain. It is located in the north east of the Region of Murcia, close to the towns of Cieza and Yecla. According to the 2018 census, the town population was 25,547.

Jumilla has been inhabited since the Lower Paleolithic era.
Love You So Much
Love You So Much is the fifth Mandarin studio album produced by Hong Kong–based singer Kelly Chen. It was released on April 20, 2000, by Go East Entertainment Company/Decca Records in Hong Kong and Taiwan, and reached number five on the IFPI Hong Kong chart on April 27, 2000.

Six singles were released from the album. The lead single, "Hey, Anyone Out Here? (喂！有人在嗎？)" is a psychedelic soul song and was released on September 10, 1999. It was unusual at the time to release a single of this genre (since Taiwanese people primarily listened to traditional sentimental ballads), and the single was not successful. The follow-up, "If You Really Love Me (你若是真愛我)", was a sentimental ballad which was also unsuccessful.

Psychedelic soul
Psychedelic soul (originally called black rock or conflated with psychedelic funk) is a form of soul music which emerged in the United States in the late 1960s. The style saw African-American soul musicians embrace elements of psychedelic rock, including its production techniques, instrumentation, effects units such as wah-wah and phasing, and drug influences. It came to prominence in the late 1960s and continued into the 1970s, playing a major role in the development of funk and disco.

Pioneering acts working in the genre included Sly and the Family Stone, Isaac Hayes, the Temptations, the Chambers Brothers, and Parliament-Funkadelic.
Wyoming's 43rd House of Representatives district
Wyoming's 43rd House of Representatives district is one of 62 districts in the Wyoming House of Representatives. The district encompasses part of Laramie County. It is represented by Republican Representative Ann Lucas of Cheyenne.

In 1992, the state of Wyoming switched from electing state legislators by county to a district-based system.

Laramie County, Wyoming
Laramie County is a county located at the southeast corner of the state of Wyoming. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 100,512 or 17.4% of the state's total 2020 population, making it the most populous county in Wyoming, but the least populous county in the United States to be the most populous in its state. The county seat is Cheyenne, the state capital. The county lies west of the Nebraska state line and north of the Colorado state line. Laramie County comprises the Cheyenne, WY Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city of Laramie, Wyoming, is in neighboring Albany County.
2009 Morocco Tennis Tour – Marrakech – Doubles
Frederico Gil and Florin Mergea were the defending champions, however Gil chose to not participate this year.
Mergea partnered up with Denis Istomin, but they lost to Rubén Ramírez Hidalgo and Santiago Ventura in the semifinal.

Denis Istomin
Denis Olegovich Istomin (born 7 September 1986) is a former Uzbekistani professional tennis player. He reached a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 33, achieved on 13 August 2012 and a best doubles ranking of No. 59, reached on 8 October 2012. His most notable result is defeating second seed and defending champion Novak Djokovic at the 2017 Australian Open.

Istomin won two ATP Tour singles titles, at the 2015 Nottingham Open and 2017 Chengdu Open.
Zhang Shu
Zhang Shu (Chinese: 章曙) (1925–1998) was a Chinese diplomat. He was born in Beijing with his ancestral home in Liaocheng, Shandong. He was Ambassador of the People's Republic of China to Belgium (1983–1985) and Japan (1985–1988). He was President of China Foreign Affairs University.

China Foreign Affairs University
China Foreign Affairs University (CFAU; Chinese: 外交学院; lit. 'Diplomacy Academy') is a public university of foreign service in Beijing, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The institute is part of the Double First-Class Construction.

Since its foundation, there have been over 300 ambassadors and thousands of senior diplomats among the alumni of CFAU, gaining the university a reputation as "the cradle of Chinese diplomats". At present, CFAU has two campuses. The first began operating in 1956; the second one came into service in 2012.

The university maintains two campuses in Beijing: the newer Zhanlanguan Rd Campus (展览馆校区) in Xicheng and the original Shahe Campus (沙河校区) in Changping.
Denudation
Denudation is the geological process in which moving water, ice, wind, and waves erode the Earth's surface, leading to a reduction in elevation and in relief of landforms and landscapes. Although the terms erosion and denudation are used interchangeably, erosion is the transport of soil and rocks from one location to another, and denudation is the sum of processes, including erosion, that result in the lowering of Earth's surface. Endogenous processes such as volcanoes, earthquakes, and tectonic uplift can expose continental crust to the exogenous processes of weathering, erosion, and mass wasting. The effects of denudation have been recorded for millennia but the mechanics behind it have been debated for the past 200 years and have only begun to be understood in the past few decades.

Endogeny (biology)
Endogeny, in biology, refers to the property of originating or developing from within an organism, tissue, or cell.

For example, endogenous substances, and endogenous processes are those that originate within a living system (e.g. an organism or a cell). For instance, estradiol is an endogenous estrogen hormone produced within the body, whereas ethinylestradiol is an exogenous synthetic estrogen, commonly used in birth control pills.

In contrast, exogenous substances and exogenous processes are those that originate from outside of an organism.
Jim Stewart (rugby union)
Jim Stewart (born 5 January 1994) is a retired Australian Rugby Union player who played for the Waratahs in Super Rugby competition. He was also a member of the Sydney Stars team that competed in the National Rugby Championship. His regular playing position is centre.

Jim Stewart represented Australia at schoolboy and under-20 level. He was a regular starter for the under 20s.

National Rugby Championship
The National Rugby Championship, known as NRC, was an Australian rugby union competition. It was contested by eight teams, seven from Australia and one from Fiji. The tournament ran from 2014 until 2019 before being disbanded in 2020 following the change of the Australian rugby TV broadcasting deal from Fox Sports, who had funded the competition, to Stan Sport. The 2020 competition was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Anesi
Anesi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Matteo Anesi (born 1984), Italian speed skater

Paolo Anesi (1697–1773), Italian painter

Sosene Anesi (born 1981), New Zealand rugby union footballer

Sosene Anesi
Sosene Raymond Anesi (born 3 June 1981 in Apia, Samoa) is a former rugby union footballer who played as a fullback and wing and currently the head coach of Romania's current champions CS Dinamo București.
Agrarian People's Union
The Agrarian People's Union (Bulgarian: Земеделски народен съюз, romanized: Zemedelski naroden sajuz; ZNS), until 2006 known as the Bulgarian Agrarian People's Union – People's Union (Balgarski Zemedelski Naroden Sajuz – Naroden Sajuz, BZNS-NS), is a conservative agrarian party in Bulgaria.

It was founded in 1996 by a faction of the Bulgarian Agrarian People's Union led by Anastasia Dimitrova-Moser. It contested the parliamentary election in 1997 and 2001 within the center-right United Democratic Forces. In 2005 it was part of the Bulgarian People's Union, that won at the legislative elections, 25 June 2005, 5.7% of the popular vote and 13 out of 240 seats.

A considerable group around the former party leader Anastasia Dimitrova-Moser left the ZNS in 2008 and founded the United Agrarians.

The party is a former observer of the Centrist Democrat International (CDI).

Agrarianism
Agrarianism is a social and political philosophy that advocates for rural development, a rural agricultural lifestyle, family farming, widespread property ownership, and political decentralization. Those who adhere to agrarianism tend to value traditional forms of local community over urban modernity. Agrarian political parties sometimes aim to support the rights and sustainability of small farmers and poor peasants against the wealthy, powerful and famous in society.
Tilda Löthman-Koponen
Matilda (Tilda) Aurora Löthman-Koponen (22 November 1874 – 17 March 1962; née Koponen) was a Finnish schoolteacher and politician, born in Leppävirta. She was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1910 to 1911, from 1913 to 1916, from 1917 to 1919, from 1929 to 1930 and from 1933 to 1945, representing the Young Finnish Party until December 1918 and the Agrarian League after that. She was a presidential elector in the 1931, 1937, 1940 and 1943 presidential elections.

Young Finnish Party
The Young Finnish Party or Constitutional-Fennoman Party (Finnish: Nuorsuomalainen Puolue or Perustuslaillis-Suomenmielinen Puolue) was a liberal and nationalist political party in the Grand Duchy of Finland. It began as an upper-class reformist movement during the 1870s and formed as a political party in 1894.
1996 Wimbledon Championships – Girls' doubles
Cara Black and Aleksandra Olsza were the defending champions, but Olsza did not compete. Black played with Surina de Beer but lost in the quarterfinals to Lilia Osterloh and Samantha Reeves.

Olga Barabanschikova and Amélie Mauresmo defeated Osterloh and Reeves in the final, 5–7, 6–3, 6–1,420-69 to win the girls' doubles tennis title at the 1996 Wimbledon Championships.

Amélie Mauresmo
Amélie Simone Mauresmo (French pronunciation: [ameli simɔn moʁɛsmo]; born 5 July 1979) is a French former professional tennis player, tennis coach, and tournament director. She was ranked as the world No. 1 in women's singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for 39 weeks. Mauresmo won 25 WTA Tour-level singles titles, including two majors, at the 2006 Australian Open and the 2006 Wimbledon Championships, as well as the 2005 WTA Tour Championships. She also won an Olympic silver medal in singles at the 2004 Athens Olympics. Mauresmo was known for her powerful one-handed backhand and strong net play.

Mauresmo officially announced her retirement from professional tennis on 3 December 2009, ending a career of 15 years. The following year, she started her coaching career, covering both WTA and ATP players, including ATP world No. 1 Andy Murray. She was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2015. In 2021, Mauresmo was named the director of the French Open.
Dano-Mughal War
The Dano-Mughal War, formally the Danish East India Company's War against the Mughal Empire, was a colonial and maritime conflict between the Mughal Empire and the Danish East India Company over trade commerce in the Bay of Bengal. Lasting from 1642 to 1698, the conflict has also been referred to by historians as the Dano-Bengali Thirty Years' War.

Rupee
Rupee (UK: /ˌruːˈpiː/, US: /ˈruːpiː/) is the common name for the currencies of India,  Mauritius, Nepal, Pakistan, Seychelles, and Sri Lanka, and of former currencies of Afghanistan, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, the United Arab Emirates (as the Gulf rupee), British East Africa, Burma, German East Africa (as Rupie/Rupien), and Tibet. In Indonesia and the Maldives, the unit of currency is known as rupiah and rufiyaa respectively, cognates of the word rupee.

The Indian rupee and Pakistani rupee are subdivided into one hundred paise (singular paisa) or pice. The Nepalese rupee (रू) subdivides into one hundred paisa (singular and plural) or four sukaas. The Mauritian, Seychellois, and Sri Lankan rupees subdivide into 100 cents.
Stewart Castle, Jamaica
Stewart Castle was a sugar plantation in Trelawney, Jamaica.

It was established in 1754 by local planter James Stewart. It was inherited by his son, known as James Stewart II, who mortgaged the estate in 1799. The estate was 1,230 acres in extent, of which nearly 500 were planted with sugar cane.

The property was gifted to the Jamaica National Trust Commission, the predecessor to the Jamaica National Heritage Trust (JNHT), in 1960, by the Kaiser Bauxite Company. In 2007, there were archaeological excavations at the site carried out by the Digital Archaeological Archive of Comparative Slavery (DAACS). In 2010, the JNHT considered a proposal to aesthetically develop the site.

Noranda Mines
Noranda Mines, Limited, and from 1984 onwards Noranda Inc., was a Canadian mining company that existed from 1922 to 2005. It was listed on the TSX under the symbol NRD.LV. After eventually acquiring a large interest in rival mining company Falconbridge, it merged with that company in 2005. The combined company continued under the name Falconbridge Limited, ending the Noranda name. Only one year later in 2006 Falconbridge was acquired by the Swiss-based mining company Xstrata. On 2 May 2013 ownership of Xstrata was fully acquired by mining behemoth Glencore.