hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marianne Bertrand
Marianne Bertrand (born c. 1970) is a Belgian economist who currently works as Chris P. Dialynas Distinguished Service Professor of Economics and Willard Graham Faculty Scholar at the University of Chicago's Booth School of Business. Bertrand belongs to the world's most prominent labour economists in terms of research, and has been awarded the 2004 Elaine Bennett Research Prize and the 2012 Sherwin Rosen Prize for Outstanding Contributions in the Field of Labor Economics. She is a research fellow of the National Bureau of Economic Research, and the IZA Institute of Labor Economics.

The Quarterly Journal of Economics
The Quarterly Journal of Economics is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the Oxford University Press for the Harvard University Department of Economics. Its current editors-in-chief are Robert J. Barro, Lawrence F. Katz, Nathan Nunn, Andrei Shleifer, and Stefanie Stantcheva.
Data warehouse automation
Data warehouse automation (DWA) refers to the process of accelerating and automating the data warehouse development cycles, while assuring quality and consistency. DWA is believed to provide automation of the entire lifecycle of a data warehouse, from source system analysis to testing to  documentation. It helps improve productivity, reduce cost, and improve overall quality.

Documentation
Documentation is any communicable material that is used to describe, explain, or instruct regarding some attributes of an object, system, or procedure, such as its parts, assembly, installation, maintenance, and use. As a form of knowledge management and knowledge organization, documentation can be provided on paper, online, or on digital or analog media, such as audio tape or CDs. Examples of such resources include user guides, white papers, online help, and quick-reference guides. Paper or hard-copy documentation has become less common. Contemporary documentation is often distributed through websites, software products, and other online applications.

Documentation, understood as a set of instructional materials, should not be confused with documentation science, which is the study of the recording and retrieval of information.
Colt Model 1855 Sidehammer Pocket Revolver
The Colt Model 1855 Sidehammer, also known as the Colt Root Revolver after engineer Elisha K. Root (1808–1865), was a cap & ball single-action pocket revolver used during the American Civil War. It was made by the Colt's Patent Fire Arms Manufacturing Company

Percussion cap
The percussion cap, percussion primer, or caplock, introduced in the early 1820s, is a type of single-use percussion ignition device for muzzle loader firearm locks enabling them to fire reliably in any weather condition. Its invention gave rise to the caplock mechanism or percussion lock system which used percussion caps struck by the hammer to set off the gunpowder charge in  rifles and cap and ball firearms. Any firearm using a caplock mechanism is a percussion gun. Any long gun with a cap-lock mechanism and rifled barrel is a percussion rifle. Cap and ball describes cap-lock firearms discharging a single bore-diameter spherical bullet with each shot.
Al Shumaisi
Al-Shumaisi (Arabic: الشميسي) is a historic neighborhood and the seat of the homonymous sub-municipality, al-Shumaisi, in southern Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located west of ad-Dirah and east of al-Badiah. The neighborhood is named after Sheikh Muhammad bin Ali al-Shumaisi, who owned a farm that was attributed to his family name in the area sometime around 1930s. It is today inhabited mostly by an overseas Pakistani community. It is well known for hosting Riyadh's first hospital, the King Saud Medical City.

Pakistanis in Saudi Arabia
Pakistanis in Saudi Arabia are either Pakistani people who live in Saudi Arabia after having been born elsewhere, or are Saudi Arabian-born but have Pakistani roots. By Pakistani roots, this could mean roots linking back to Pakistan or Pakistani diaspora or South Asia. Many Pakistani army officers and soldiers also serve in Saudi Arabia and train the Saudi military cadets. According to a 2023 estimate, 2.64 million Pakistanis live and work in Saudi Arabia. The total number of Pakistanis who have migrated to Saudi Arabia since 1972 is approximately 7.69 million, most of them having returned after work.
WHNR
WHNR (1360 AM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Cypress Gardens, Florida, and serving the Lakeland - Winter Haven area of Central Florida.  The station airs a variety radio format and is owned by Ferris Waller, through licensee Walco Enterprises, LLC.  WHNR is part of a five-station simulcast, including 1170 WKFL in Bushnell, 1330 WWAB in Lakeland, 1390 WAVP in Avon Park, and 1400 WZHR in Zephyrhills.

By day, WHNR broadcasts with 5,000 watts, but to protect other stations on 1360 AM, it reduces power to 2,500 watts at night.  It uses a directional antenna with a three-tower array.

Cypress Gardens, Florida
Cypress Gardens is a census-designated place (CDP) in Polk County, Florida, United States. The population was 10,169 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Lakeland–Winter Haven Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Víkingur
Víkingur can refer to:

The Icelandic and Faroese word for Viking

Víkingur Ólafsson (born 1984), Icelandic pianist

Knattspyrnufélagið Víkingur, Icelandic association football club

Víkingur Gøta, Faroese association football club

Ungmennafélagið Víkingur (Víkingur Ólafsvík), Icelandic association football club

Knattspyrnufélagið Víkingur
Knattspyrnufélagið Víkingur (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈkʰnahtˌspɪ(r)tnʏˌfjɛːˌlaijɪð ˈviːciŋkʏr̥], lit. 'Viking Football Club') , commonly referred to as Víkingur Reykjavík (to distinguish them from Víkingur Ólafsvík) and internationally known as Vikingur F.C., is a professional Icelandic sports club based in the Fossvogur neighbourhood of Reykjavík. It is one of the oldest sports clubs in Iceland, founded on 21 April 1908. Originally founded as a football club, it is now a multi-sport club that also operates divisions in handball, tennis, table tennis, karate and skiing. All sports include both male and female teams.

Its men's football team currently plays in the top-tier Besta deildin and has won eight national championship titles and five Cup titles.

Víkingur's handball department is one of the more successful ones in Iceland, with its men's team having won eight national championships and the women's handball team having won three national championships.
Scraggy Lake
Scraggy Lake (IPA: /ˈskræɡi leɪk/) is a lake located in Halifax County, Nova Scotia, Canada. It is 65.36 kilometres (40.61 mi) from Halifax and 57.17 kilometres (35.52 mi) from Truro. The Indians called it Misegumisk, meaning "scraggy and rough".

Truro, Nova Scotia
Truro is a town in central Nova Scotia, Canada. Truro is the shire town of Colchester County and is located on the south side of the Salmon River floodplain, close to the river's mouth at the eastern end of Cobequid Bay.
Clearfield, Kentucky
Clearfield is an unincorporated community in Rowan County, Kentucky, United States. The community is located along Kentucky Route 519 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south of Morehead. Clearfield has a post office with ZIP code 40313.

Morehead, Kentucky
Morehead is a home rule-class city located along US 60 (the historic Midland Trail) and Interstate 64 in Rowan County, Kentucky, in the United States. It is the seat of its county. The population was 7,151 at the time of the 2020 U.S. census.

It was the focal point of the Rowan County War and is the home of Morehead State University.
Stafford Gordon
Stafford Gordon is a British actor.

Gordon has played various character roles in British television series such as Crown Court, Minder, Prime Suspect and The Bill. His longest running role was as Company Sergeant Major Gilby in all three series of Spearhead (1979–1981).

Crown Court (TV series)
Crown Court is a British television courtroom drama series produced by Granada Television for the ITV network. It ran from 1972, when the Crown Court system replaced Assize courts and Quarter sessions in the legal system of England and Wales, to 1984. It was transmitted in the early afternoon.
Die Anarchisten
Die Anarchisten: Kulturgemälde aus dem Ende des XIX Jahrhunderts (The Anarchists: A Picture of Civilization at the Close of the Nineteenth Century) is a book by anarchist writer John Henry Mackay published in German and English in 1891. It is the best known and most widely read of Mackay's works, and made him famous overnight. Mackay made it clear in the book's subtitle that it was not intended as a novel, and complained when it was criticised as such, declaring it instead propaganda. A Yiddish translation by Abraham Frumkin was published in London in 1908 by the Worker's Friend Group, with an introduction by the journal's editor, prominent London anarchist Rudolf Rocker. It was also translated into Czech, Dutch, French, Italian, Russian, Spanish, and Swedish. Die Anarchisten had sold 6,500 copies in Germany by 1903, 8,000 by 1911, and over 15,000 by the time of the author's death in 1933.

Abraham Frumkin
Abraham Frumkin (Hebrew: אברהם פרומקין; 1872 – 29 April 1940) was a Jewish journalist, translator and anarchist writer. Raised by a proto-Zionist family in the multicultural and multilingual environment of Jerusalem (then part of Ottoman Palestine), Frumkin became an advocate of transnational Yiddish culture and gravitated towards the political philosophy of anarchism. After spending time in Istanbul, he moved to London, where he edited the Yiddish anarchist newspaper Arbeter Fraint. After the newspaper shuttered, he moved to New York and spent the 1900s translating numerous avant-garde works into Yiddish, while continuing to write for Jewish anarchist and socialist publications.
Channel Islands in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms
Between 1642 and 1651 the Channel Islands were involved in an eleven-year-long, wide-scale armed conflict known as the English Civil War, between the Parliamentarians (nicknamed pejoratively as the Roundheads) and Royalists (nicknamed the Cavaliers) over, principally, the manner of England's government and the amount of power the monarch should be able to wield.

For the most part, Jersey remained loyal to the Crown (even sheltering the future Charles II of England on two separate occasions in 1646 and 1649), whereas Guernsey, with the exception of Castle Cornet, was under Parliamentarian control. By 1651, Parliament gained control of both the islands and held them during the Interregnum even imprisoning Leveller dissident John Lilburne in Mount Orgueil Castle on 16 March 1654, due to Jersey having no habeas corpus laws. After the restoration of monarchy in 1660, the Parliamentarian general John Lambert was imprisoned on Guernsey.

John Lilburne
John Lilburne (c. 1614 – 29 August 1657), also known as Freeborn John, was an English political Leveller before, during and after the English Civil Wars 1642–1650. He coined the term "freeborn rights", defining them as rights with which every human being is born, as opposed to rights bestowed by government or human law. In his early life he was a Puritan, though towards the end of his life he became a Quaker. His works have been cited in opinions by the United States Supreme Court.
Mirissa railway station
Mirissa Railway Station is a railway station on the coastal railway line of Sri Lanka. It is situated between Kamburugamuwa and Polwathumodara railway stations. It is 147.5 kilometres (91.7 mi) from the railway line from the Colombo Fort Railway Station and 9.3 kilometres (5.8 mi) from the Matara Railway Station.

Coastal line (Sri Lanka)
The coastal line (sometimes referred to as the coast line or the southern line) is a major railway line in Sri Lanka, running between Colombo Fort and Beliatta, via Galle and Matara.  Operated by Sri Lanka Railways, the line includes some of the busiest rail services in the country.  The line has been extended to Beliatta on 8 April 2019 and is proposed to be extended to Kataragama, via Hambantota. With a designed maximum speed of 100 km/h (62 mph) between Kalutara and Matara, and a maximum speed of 120 km/h (75 mph) between Matara and Beliatta, the line is one of the fastest in Sri Lanka.
Bhaba Pagla
Bhabendramohan Ray Chaudhury (17 October 1902 – 26 February 1984), better known as Bhaba Pagla, was a  Bengali lyricist, composer, and a devotee of goddess Kali. He is known for his contributions to Bengali folk music. His conventional education did not exceed the primary school level but his creations, mostly lyrics, had been sunk into a deep inner meaning and located in a high thought though common words used for cultural expression. The lyrics also had been composed by him with easy harmony to entertain the masses.

Music of Bengal
Bengali music (Bengali: বাংলা সংগীত) comprises a long tradition of religious and secular song-writing over a period of almost a millennium. Composed with lyrics in the Bengali language, Bengali music spans a wide variety of styles.
Henschel DH 440
The DH 440 is a type of diesel-hydraulic locomotive built by Henschel in 1956–58 as one of their second-generation diesel locomotive types. They had wheel arrangement C, with three axles powered through a jackshaft.

Six units of the type were built, of which three were bought by the Danish State Railways (DSB) and designated Class MH, numbered 201–203. These formed the basis for the 120 locomotives MH 301–420, built by Danish company Frichs without licence from Henschel. The other three units were purchased by different German industrial railways.

Wheel arrangement
In rail transport, a wheel arrangement or wheel configuration is a system of classifying the way in which wheels are distributed under a locomotive. Several notations exist to describe the wheel assemblies of a locomotive by type, position, and connections, with the adopted notations varying by country.  Within a given country, different notations may also be employed for different kinds of locomotives, such as steam, electric, and diesel powered.

Especially in steam days, wheel arrangement was an important attribute of a locomotive because there were many different types of layout adopted, each wheel being optimised for a different use (often with only some being actually "driven"). Modern diesel and electric locomotives are much more uniform, usually with all axles driven.
Don Zara del Fogo
Don Zara del Fogo: a mock-romance is a 1656 book in prose and verse by the English author Samuel Holland. The book is a pastiche of Spanish chivalric romances, such as Don Quixote. The main character Don Zara del Fogo considers himself a descendant of Lancelot of the Lake and "Thistram" (Tristan), and desires similar fame for facing eminent dangers. Zara is illiterate, but his squire Soto is tasked with reading to his master inspiring tales about Saint George and the Dragon, Sir Topaz and the elf-queen, and boar hunting for the supposedly famed Boar of Boston. Having the habit of sleeping naked, Zara emerges from his bed to seize his sword and to pose as the legitimate heir to the god Mars.

This English mock-heroic epic introduced the term "Orc" (spelt "Orke") to describe ogre-like monsters. The Oxford English Dictionary quotes a passage of the work where a multi-headed Orke is decapitated by an opponent. In the passage, the Orke is described as the offspring of an unnamed Incubus.

Squire
In the Middle Ages, a squire was the shield- or armour-bearer of a knight. Boys served a knight as an attendant, doing simple but important tasks, such as saddling a horse and caring for the knight's weapons and armour.
Casa Pazzi Madonna
The Casa Pazzi Madonna is a fresco fragment by Andrea del Castagno, created in 1443, originally the altarpiece of the chapel of Santa Brigida at the castello del Trebbio in the Pontassieve district, then owned by Andrea de' Pazzi, hence the painting's name. Removed from the wall in the 19th century it is now in the Contini Bonacossi collection within the Uffizi in Florence.

Uffizi
The Uffizi Gallery (UK: /juːˈfɪtsi, ʊˈfiːtsi/ yoo-FIT-see, uu-FEET-see; Italian: Galleria degli Uffizi, pronounced [ɡalleˈriːa deʎʎ ufˈfittsi]) is a prominent art museum adjacent to the Piazza della Signoria in the Historic Centre of Florence in the region of Tuscany, Italy. One of the most important Italian museums and the most visited, it is also one of the largest and best-known in the world and holds a collection of priceless works, particularly from the period of the Italian Renaissance.

After the ruling House of Medici died out, their art collections were given to the city of Florence under the famous Patto di famiglia ("family pact") negotiated by Anna Maria Luisa, the last Medici heiress. The Uffizi is one of the first modern museums. The gallery had been open to visitors by request since the sixteenth century, and in 1769 it was officially opened to the public, formally becoming a museum in 1865.
Western Gneiss region
The Western Gneiss region (Norwegian: Gneisregionen) is a large geological unit in Norway chiefly made of gneiss rock that formed through metamorphism during the Caledonian orogeny. It makes up a tectono-stratigraphic terrane of the Scandinavian Caledonides and is also part of the Baltic shield. The region extends across western Norway from Bergen to Trondheim as a Caledonian window, outliers of the Western Gneiss region crop out as far north as the Lofoten archipelago. The rocks of the Western Gneiss region are made up of variously deformed Precambrian basement, and cover rocks of autochthonous and para-autochthonous origin with evidence of medium to high grade metamorphism including ultra-high-pressure metamorphism.

Rocks of the Western Gneiss region formed 1.7 to 1.6 Billion years ago in the Late Paleoproterozoic. What was to become the Western Gneiss region was intruded by migmatites and granites during the Sveconorwegian orogeny.

Stratigraphic unit
A stratigraphic unit is a volume of rock of identifiable origin and relative age range that is defined by the distinctive and dominant, easily mapped and recognizable petrographic, lithologic or paleontologic features (facies) that characterize it.

Units must be mappable and distinct from one another, but the contact need not be particularly distinct. For instance, a unit may be defined by terms such as "when the sandstone component exceeds 75%".
Sylvan Lake State Park
Sylvan Lake State Park is a Colorado state park located in Eagle County, 10 miles (16 km) south of Eagle, Colorado. The 1,548-acre (626 ha) park established in 1987 and surrounded by the White River National Forest includes a 42-acre (17 ha) lake and 1.5 miles (2.4 km) of trails.

Facilities include a visitors center, boat ramp, campsites, cabins, yurts and picnic sites. Plant communities include aspen groves, lodgepole pine and Douglas fir forests on moist slopes. Ponderosa pine and juniper are found on drier slopes. Wetland and riparian areas exist near the reservoir and creek. Common wildlife includes black bear, elk, bald eagle, mule deer, pine marten, and beaver.

European pine marten
The European pine marten (Martes martes), also known as the pine marten, is a mustelid native to and widespread in most of Europe, Asia Minor, the Caucasus, and parts of Iran, Iraq, and Syria. It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List.
It is less commonly known as baum marten or sweet marten.
Edgewood Road Bridge
The Edgewood Road Bridge is an overpass in the U.S. state of New Jersey that runs above Interstate 95 (New Jersey Turnpike) on the border of Leonia and Englewood in Bergen County, 1.2 miles (1.9 km) away from the George Washington Bridge that connects New Jersey to New York City.

Englewood, New Jersey
Englewood is a city in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is part of the New York metropolitan area. Englewood was incorporated as a city by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 17, 1899, from portions of Ridgefield Township and the remaining portions of Englewood Township. As of the 2020 United States census, the city's population was 29,308, its highest decennial count ever and an increase of 2,161 (+8.0%) from the 2010 census count of 27,147, which in turn reflected an increase of 944 (+3.6%) from the 26,203 counted in the 2000 census.
Laplace's method
In mathematics, Laplace's method, named after Pierre-Simon Laplace, is a technique used to approximate integrals of the form

where  is a twice-differentiable function,  is a large number, and the endpoints  and  could be infinite. This technique was originally presented in the book by Laplace (1774).

In Bayesian statistics, Laplace's approximation can refer to either approximating the posterior normalizing constant with Laplace's method or approximating the posterior distribution with a Gaussian centered at the maximum a posteriori estimate. Laplace approximations are used in the integrated nested Laplace approximations method for fast approximations of Bayesian inference.

Normalizing constant
In probability theory, a normalizing constant or normalizing factor is used to reduce any nonnegative function whose integral is finite to a probability density function.

For example, a Gaussian function can be normalized into a probability density function, which gives the standard normal distribution. In Bayes' theorem, a normalizing constant is used to ensure that the sum of all possible hypotheses equals 1. Other uses of normalizing constants include making the value of a Legendre polynomial at 1 and in the orthogonality of orthonormal functions.

A similar concept has been used in areas other than probability, such as for polynomials.
Jagdishpur estate
The Jagdishpur Raj was a  feudatory zamindari controlled by a cadet branch of the Ujjainiya dynasty. It was situated in modern-day Jagdishpur, in the erstwhile Shahabad district (now in Bhojpur district) of Bihar. The capital of the principality was the town of Jagdishpur by which the principality derived its name.

Bhojpur district, India
Bhojpur district is one of the 38 districts of the Indian state of Bihar. Arrah city (also known as Ara) is the administrative headquarters of this district. Bhojpur district came into existence in 1972. Earlier it was the part of Shahabad district.

In the year 1972, Shahabad district was bifurcated in two parts namely Bhojpur and Rohtas. Buxar was a subdivision of old Bhojpur district then. In 1992, Buxar became a separate district and presently the rest of Bhojpur district has now three sub-divisions – Ara Sadar, Jagdishpur and Piro. It shares its border with Uttar Pradesh in the north west.
Yegor Titov
Yegor Ilyich Titov (Егор Ильич Титов; born 29 May 1976) is a Russian football coach and former player who played as an attacking midfielder. He was known for his playmaking abilities, vision, ball control and accurate passing.

FC Spartak Moscow
FC Spartak Moscow (Russian: Футбольный клуб «Спартак» Москва, romanized: Futbolʹnyy klub «Spartak» Moskva, pronounced [spɐrˈtak mɐˈskva]) is a Russian professional football club based in Moscow. Having won 12 Soviet championships (second only to Dynamo Kyiv) and 10 Russian championships (a record jointly held with Zenit St Petersburg), it is the country's most successful club. They have also won a record 10 Soviet Cups, 4 Russian Cups and one Russian Super Cup. Spartak have also reached the semi-finals of UEFA Europa League, UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Cup Winner's Cup.