hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Challenge (1933)
Challenge was a tabloid-sized monthly newspaper established in Chicago in April 1933 that served as the official organ of the Young People's Socialist League, the youth section of the Socialist Party of America. The publication was subsequently renamed The Challenge of Youth and continued in existence through 1946.

Tabloid (newspaper format)
A tabloid is a newspaper format characterized by its compact size, smaller than a broadsheet. The term originates from the 19th century, when the London-based pharmaceutical company Burroughs Wellcome & Co. used the term to describe compressed pills, later adopted by newspapers to denote condensed content. There are two main types of tabloid newspaper: red tops and compact, distinguished by editorial style.

Red top tabloids are distinct from broadsheet newspapers, which traditionally cater to more affluent, educated audiences with in-depth reporting and analysis. However, the line between tabloids and broadsheets has blurred in recent decades, as many broadsheet newspapers have adopted tabloid or compact formats to reduce costs and attract readers.

Globally, the tabloid format has been adapted to suit regional preferences and media landscapes. In countries like Germany and Australia, tabloids such as Bild and The Daily Telegraph have significant readerships and political clout.
Naula
Naula is a town in Sri Lanka. It is located within Matale district, Central Province. It is located in A9 road (Kandy-Jaffna) about 53 kilometers from Kandy. It is situated in an intermediate climate zone. The roads in the vicinity of Naula are known for picturesque scenery. Tourist attractions in the area include Bowathenna Dam, tank & Power station, Nalanda Gedige, Nalanda tank and the Nitre caves.

Central Province, Sri Lanka
The Central Province (Sinhala: මධ්‍යම පළාත Madhyama Paḷāta, Tamil: மத்திய மாகாணம் Maddiya Mākāṇam) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka. The province has an area of 567,400 ha (1,402,000 acres) and a population of 2,421,148, making it the second most populated province. The city of Kandy has been its capital since 1469.

The Central Province is located primarily in the central mountainous terrain of Sri Lanka. It is bordered by the North Central Province to the north, the Uva Province to the east, the North Western Province to the west and the Sabaragamuwa Province to the south and west.

The province is famous for its production of Ceylon tea, the cultivation of which was initiated by the British in the 1860s after a devastating disease killed all coffee plantations in the province. The province attracts many tourists, with hill station towns such as Gampola, Hatton and Nuwara Eliya. The province is home to four UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Bent Jørgensen (statistician)
Bent Jørgensen (15 April 1954 – 19 November 2015) was a Danish statistician from the University of Southern Denmark whose research was focused on two related topics in statistics: dispersion models and the analysis of non-normal correlated data.

Taylor's law
Taylor's power law is an empirical law in ecology that relates the variance of the number of individuals of a species per unit area of habitat to the corresponding mean by a power law relationship. It is named after the ecologist who first proposed it in 1961, Lionel Roy Taylor (1924–2007). Taylor's original name for this relationship was the law of the mean.  The name Taylor's law was coined by Southwood in 1966.
Oakworth Hall
Oakworth Hall is located in Oakworth, West Yorkshire, England. The manor house was rebuilt in the 17th century, but has a history dating back to 1066.  The building overlooks the Worth Valley, facing south towards Haworth.

Nearby is Holden Park, which was the site of Oakworth House and its grounds, once owned by Sir Isaac Holden, an inventor who is said to have invented the lucifer match and revolutionised the process of carding wool. He also owned Oakworth Hall.

Carding
In textile production, carding is a mechanical process that disentangles, cleans and intermixes fibres to produce a continuous web or sliver suitable for subsequent processing. This is achieved by passing the fibres between differentially moving surfaces covered with "card clothing", a firm flexible material embedded with metal pins. It breaks up locks and unorganised clumps of fibre and then aligns the individual fibres to be parallel with each other. In preparing wool fibre for spinning, carding is the step that comes after teasing.

The word is derived from the Latin carduus meaning thistle or teasel, as dried vegetable teasels were first used to comb the raw wool before technological advances led to the use of machines.
John McCluer
John McCluer (c. 1759 – 1795) was a Scottish hydrographer who rose to the rank of captain in the Bombay Marine. Between 1785 and 1787 he surveyed Muscat and Matruh harbours at the entrance to the Gulf of Oman. In 1787 he was ordered to survey the bank of soundings off Bombay, which he did so thoroughly that his charts remained practically as he left them for nearly seventy years. In 1790 he was appointed to command a small expedition to the Pelew Islands, with the double object of surveying and establishing friendly relations with the natives. He was lost at sea in 1795.

Hydrography
Hydrography is the branch of applied sciences which deals with the measurement and description of the physical features of oceans, seas, coastal areas, lakes and rivers, as well as with the prediction of their change over time, for the primary purpose of safety of navigation and in support of all other marine activities, including economic development, security and defense, scientific research, and environmental protection.
Kremlin Cup (pool)
The Kremlin Cup (Russian: Кубок Кремля, romanized: Kubok Kremlja) is an annual pool tournament held in the Olympic Stadium in Moscow, Russia which has been held since 2011. Ruslan Chinakhov has won the most times, winning the event in both 2014 and 2015. The tournament takes place in parallel to a Russian pyramid event of the same name also held in Moscow. The event was a nine-ball tournament in the inaugural 2011 edition, but changed to ten-ball in 2012.

Ten-ball
Ten-ball is a rotation pool game similar to nine-ball, but using ten balls instead of nine, and with the 10 ball instead of the 9 as the "money ball".

Although the game has existed since the early 1960s, its popularity has risen since the early 2000s as a result of concerns that nine-ball has suffered as a result of flaws in its fundamental structure, particularly the ease with which players can often make balls from the break. The World Pool-Billiard Association (WPA) standardized rules for ten-ball are very similar to those for nine-ball, but with key changes to increase the difficulty of the game. In contrast to nine-ball, it is slightly harder to pocket any balls on the break shot with the more crowded rack, the initial shooter cannot instantly win the game by pocketing the 10 on the break, all shots must be called, and performing a string of break-and-runs on successive racks is statistically more difficult to achieve.
Afghantsi
Afghantsi is a 1988 documentary film directed by Peter Kosminsky for Yorkshire Television.

It is based on numerous interviews with Soviet soldiers and officers filmed in Kabul towards the end of the Soviet–Afghan War.

Kosminsky visited several units of the 103rd Guards Airborne Division, including an outpost on a mountain side overlooking Tajbeg Palace, the headquarters of the 40th Army.

The soldiers in the film speak about the hardships of service in Afghanistan, combat experience and the loss of close friends.

Another part of the film is devoted to interviews with veterans of the war that have already returned home, and parents of those who died.

Tajbeg Palace
Tajbeg Palace (Pashto: د تاج بېګ ماڼۍ; Dari: قصر تاج بيگ; Palace of the Large Crown), also inaccurately called the Queen's Palace, is one of the palaces in the popular Darulaman area of Kabul, Afghanistan. The stately mansion is located about 16 km (9.9 mi) southwest from the city's center. It sits on top of a knoll among foothills where the Afghan royal family of the day, known as the Mohammadzai dynasty, once hunted and picnicked.

Originally built in the 1920s to house the then royal family, Tajbeg Palace is one of the most impressive landmarks of Darulaman, a district created during the era of Amanullah Khan by a team of European architects in an attempt to modernize Afghanistan. The palace once served as the residence of General Secretary Hafizullah Amin. It was damaged during the civil war in the 1990s but recently renovated.
Heel lift
Heel lifts, also known as shoe inserts, are commonly used as therapy for leg-length differences leading to knee, hip, and back pain. They attempt to reduce stress on the Achilles' tendon during healing, and for various rehabilitation uses.

The intent of a heel lift is not to absorb shock or spread pressure on the foot, but to raise one foot in order to shift balance and gait. As such, these products should be firm and not compressible, in order to add a constant amount of height without causing the heel to rub vertically in the shoe.

Hip pain
Pain in the hip is the experience of pain in the muscles or joints in the hip/ pelvic region, a condition commonly arising from any of a number of factors.  Sometimes it is closely associated with lower back pain.
Galactic Derelict
Galactic Derelict is a science fiction novel by American writer Andre Norton, the second in her  Time Traders series. It was first published in 1959, and as of 2012, had been reprinted in eight editions. It is part of Norton's Forerunner universe.

Galactic Derelict continues the series' premise, an encounter between Western heroes and a mysterious alien race that has used time travel to alter Earth. This novel shifts between present day and the time of Folsom Man, some 10,000 years ago.

Kirkus Reviews comments for this novel "Andre Norton has no peer in his [sic] chosen field of science fiction for teenagers ... [here] there's a hint of racial antagonism." (The novel has pointed comments about racism against American Indians.)

In the 2000 republished version Norton changed the word Reds to Russians. No change was made in the story.

Folsom tradition
The Folsom tradition is a Paleo-Indian archaeological culture that occupied much of central North America from c. 10800 BCE to c. 10200 BCE. The term was first used in 1927 by Jesse Dade Figgins, director of the Denver Museum of Nature and Science. The discovery by archaeologists of projectile points in association with the bones of extinct Bison antiquus, especially at the Folsom site near Folsom, New Mexico, established much greater antiquity for human residence in the Americas than the previous scholarly opinion that humans in the Americas dated back only 3,000 years. The findings at the Folsom site have been called the "discovery that changed American archaeology."
RG Jones Sound Engineering
RG Jones Sound Engineering, or simply RG Jones, is a professional audiovisual, sound reinforcement and live touring production support company. Founded in 1926, RG Jones is the oldest British sound reinforcement company still in operation and one of the oldest in the world.

Audiovisual
Audiovisual (AV) is electronic media possessing both a sound and a visual component, such as slide-tape presentations, films, television programs, corporate conferencing, church services, and live theater productions.

Audiovisual service providers frequently offer web streaming, video conferencing, and live broadcast services. The professional audio visual industry has companies that provide hardware, software and services.  These organizations are commonly referred to as systems integrators and perform both the installation and integration of different types of AV equipment from multiple manufacturers into spaces to create the AV experience for the user or audience.

Computer-based audiovisual equipment is often used in education, with many schools and universities installing projection equipment and using interactive whiteboard technology.
Pad Man (soundtrack)
Pad Man is the soundtrack album to the 2018 film of the same name directed by R. Balki, starring Akshay Kumar, which is based on the life of social entrepreneur Arunachalam Muruganantham and partially inspired from Twinkle Khanna's 2016 book The Legend of Lakshmi Prasad. The album featured five songs composed by Amit Trivedi and written by Kausar Munir. Preceded by four singles, the album was released under the Zee Music Company label on 18 January 2018.

Zee Music Company
Zee Music Co. (ZMC) is an Indian music company, a subsidiary of Zee Entertainment Enterprises. It carries its business activities mainly from New Delhi. The company has captured a major chunk of market share in Bollywood music in a short span of time.
Hamze
Hamze is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Darine Hamze (born 1978), Lebanese actress, director, and producer

Jouana Hamze (born 1988), Lebanese footballer

Kassem Hamzé (born 1950), Lebanese sprinter

Mona Abou Hamze (born 1968), Lebanese television personality and presenter

Jouana Hamze
Jouana Toufic Hamze (Arabic: جوانا توفيق حمزة; born 13 October 1988) is a Lebanese football coach and former player who is the head coach of Lebanese club No Limits. She played as a defender for the Lebanon national team.
Zeb and Haniya
Zeb and Haniya (Pashto: زیب اور حانیا, pronounced as "Zayb aur Haa-nee-ya") was a Pakistani music duo from Kohat, active from 2007 to 2014. The pair sang songs in Pashto, Urdu, Dari and Turkish, combining pop with folk music to create a diverse body of work. Their music has been described as alternative, art folk, ethnic blues and easy listening by international reviewers and critics.

The band was a project started by two cousins, Zebunnisa Bangash and Haniya Aslam (1978–2024), both ethnic Pashtuns. Brought up with music, they began writing together when studying as undergraduates at Smith College and Mount Holyoke College in the United States.

While their family came from Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, much of the band's work took place in Islamabad and Lahore. Touring in 2009, they performed mostly in Dubai, and in some parts of Sindh and Punjab.

Dawn News
Dawn News HD is a Pakistani 24-hour Urdu news channel.  Based in Karachi, the station is a subsidiary of Pakistan Herald Publications Limited (PHPL), Pakistan's largest English-language media group.

The test transmission of the station occurred on 25 May 2007, and the channel went live on 23 July 2007. Originally broadcast in English, on 15 May 2010, Dawn News converted into an Urdu news channel after successful test transmission of four hours a day. The conversion was mainly due to its financial crisis and thin viewership in the country.

Express 24/7 replaced it as Pakistan's only English news channel briefly, until it too was shut down by Express Media Group for financial reasons.

After a brief test transmission, the channel went live in 2007.
Leslie Labowitz-Starus
Leslie Labowitz-Starus is an American performance artist and urban farmer based in Los Angeles.

Leslie Labowitz-Starus' work is in the permanent collection of the Hammer Museum and has been included in exhibitions at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles,  and the Getty Museum.

J. Paul Getty Museum
The J. Paul Getty Museum, commonly referred to as the Getty, is an American art museum in Los Angeles, California, housed on two campuses: the Getty Center and Getty Villa. It is operated by the J. Paul Getty Trust, the world's wealthiest art institution.

The Getty Center is located in the Brentwood neighborhood of Los Angeles and features pre-20th-century European paintings, drawings, illuminated manuscripts, sculpture, decorative arts, and photographs from the inception of photography through present day from all over the world. The original Getty museum, the Getty Villa, is located in the Pacific Palisades neighborhood of Los Angeles and displays art from Ancient Greece, Rome, and Etruria.
Bardoxolone methyl
Bardoxolone methyl (also known as “RTA 402”, “CDDO-methyl ester”, CDDO-Me, and more formally methyl bardoxolonate) is an experimental and orally-bioavailable semi-synthetic triterpenoid, based on the scaffold of the natural product oleanolic acid. Pre-clinical studies indicate that the compound acts as an activator of the Nrf2 pathway and an inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway. A phase 3 clinical trial evaluating bardoxolone methyl for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) was terminated in October 2012 after patients treated with the drug were found to have experienced a higher rate of heart-related adverse events, including heart failure, hospitalizations, and deaths.

An advisory committee meeting of experts voted unanimously that bardoxolone methyl was not effective in slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease in Alport syndrome and that its benefits did not outweigh its risks. A Complete Response Letter from FDA stated a similar opinion.

Complete Response Letter
In United States pharmaceutical regulatory practice, a Complete Response Letter (CRL), or more rarely, a 314.110 letter, is a regulatory action by the Food and Drug Administration in response to a New Drug Application, Amended New Drug Application or Biologics License Application, indicating that the application will not be approved in its present form. CRLs replaced approvable letters in 2018.
One Lost Day
One Lost Day is the 14th studio album by Indigo Girls, released on June 2, 2015, on IG Recordings/Vanguard Records. It was recorded at various studios in Nashville. The title One Lost Day comes from the lyrics of "Alberta."

Vanguard Records
Vanguard Recording Society is an American record label set up in 1950 by brothers Maynard and Seymour Solomon in New York City. It was primarily a classical label during its peak in the 1950s and 1960s, but also has a catalogue of recordings by a number of pivotal jazz, folk, and blues musicians. The Bach Guild was a subsidiary label.

The label was acquired by Concord Bicycle Music in April 2015.
Shiho Fukada
Shiho Fukada (深田 志穂, Fukada Shiho) is a Japanese photojournalist based between New York and Japan. Her clientele consists of The New York Times, MSNBC, Le Monde, Stern and the New York magazine, among others. She won the Grand Prize in Editor and Publisher Magazine’s Ninth Annual Photos of the Year contest in 2008.  Fukada also won an Alicia Patterson Journalism Fellowship
 in 2010 to research and photograph Japan's disposable workers.

Editor & Publisher
Editor & Publisher (E&P) is an American monthly trade news magazine covering the news media industry. Published since 1901, Editor & Publisher is the self-described "bible of the newspaper industry," with offices in Hendersonville, TN.
Ruth Marshall
Ruth Marshall (born June 7, 1965) is a Canadian actress from Toronto, Ontario. She is known for her role in the hit television series Flashpoint. She graduated with a degree in English from McGill University in Montreal, Quebec and then returned to Toronto to pursue a career in acting.

She has appeared the television series Degrassi: The Next Generation and Doc, for which she earned a Gemini Award nomination in 2003 for Best Performance by an Actress in a Featured Supporting Role in a Dramatic Series. She played Johnette in the television movie The Path to 9/11. She was also in the films Dolores Claiborne and Love and Human Remains. Her first screen appearance was in The Myth of the Male Orgasm.

Marshall released her first book, Walk It Off in 2017. The book chronicles Marshall's experience after being diagnosed with a non-malignant tumor, and details her journey back to health.

The Path to 9/11
The Path to 9/11 is a two-part miniseries that aired in the United States on ABC television on September 10–11, 2006 and in other countries. The film dramatizes the 1993 World Trade Center bombing in New York City and the events leading up to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. The film was written by screenwriter Cyrus Nowrasteh, and directed by David L. Cunningham, and stars Harvey Keitel and Donnie Wahlberg.

The film was nominated for multiple Emmy Awards. It won the 2007 Emmy for Outstanding Single Camera Picture Editing.  It also won the 2007 Eddie Award for Best Edited Miniseries.

The film was controversial.  It aired once on September 11, 2006.
Bij Jef
Bij Jef (formerly: Culinaire Verwennerij Bij Jef) is a restaurant in Den Hoorn, Netherlands. It is a fine dining restaurant that was awarded one Michelin star for the period 2009–present.

GaultMillau awarded the restaurant 16 out of 20 points.

Head chef of Bij Jef is Jef Schuur. The restaurant is a member of Les Patrons Cuisiniers since 2012.

Les Patrons Cuisiniers
Les Patrons Cuisiniers is a culinary association of quality restaurants in the Netherlands.

The partnership was established on 14 October 1991. It came into existence due to the founders being unhappy with the direction of older culinary partnerships. They also wanted more attention for the “White Brigade” (kitchen crew) instead of ownership. Membership is open for head chefs with proven culinary quality. Hence all members have Michelin stars awarded to them.

Chairperson of “Les Patron Cuiseniers” is former chef Cees Helder, who had been rewarded ‘’’three’’’ Michelin stars while cooking at restaurant Parkheuvel.
Halba (tribe)
The Halba are a tribe in Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh Assam , and Odisha in India. They speak the Halbi language and mostly farm. Linguistic evidence indicates they are an aboriginal tribe who adopted Hinduism and an Indo-European language.

The Halba ancestors were cultivators and farm servants who lived south of the Raipur district, or Kanker and Bastar State; from here small numbers spread to Bhandara district, parts of Berar Province and into the Koraput district of Odisha.

Bastar State
Bastar state was a princely state in India during the British Raj. It was founded in the early 13th century by Annamaraja, a brother of the last ruler of the Kakatiya dynasty, Prataparudra II.

It is today used to refer to the same region, called Bastar division in Chhattisgarh state.

In the early 19th century, the state became part of  Central Provinces and Berar under the British Raj, and acceded to the Union of India on 1 January 1948, to become part of  Madhya Pradesh in 1956, and of the Bastar district of Chhattisgarh state in 2000. The current ceremonial ruler is Kamal Chandra Bhanj Deo, of the Kakatiya and Bhanj dynasty.
Drummondia
Drummondia is a genus of haplolepideous mosses (Dicranidae) in the monotypic family Drummondiaceae.

The genus name of Drummondia is in honour of Octavio de Almeida Drummond, a Brazilian botanist and phytopathologist in agronomy.

The genus was circumscribed by Augusto Chaves Batista and Heraldo da Silva Maia in 1963.

Augusto Chaves Batista
Augusto Chaves Batista (15 June 1916 – 30 November 1967) was a  Brazilian mycologist. He published more than 600 research papers, either alone or in collaboration with others. At the time of his death at the age of 51, Batista was the director of the Instituto de Micologia of the Federal University of Pernambuco.
Hawke's Bay cricket team
The Hawke's Bay cricket team, representing the Hawke's Bay region of New Zealand, played first-class cricket between 1883–84 and 1920–21, and competed in the Plunket Shield in the 1914–15 and 1920–21 seasons. The side has continued to appear in minor cricket and is one of the 21 teams from around New Zealand that compete in the Hawke Cup, where it was the dominant team from 2020 to 2024.

Hawke's Bay
Hawke's Bay (Māori: Te Matau-a-Māui) is a region on the east coast of New Zealand's North Island. The region is named after Hawke Bay, which was named in honour of Edward Hawke. The region's main centres are the cities of Napier and Hastings, while the more rural parts of the region are served by the towns of Waipukurau, Waipawa, and Wairoa.