hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hoofnagle
Hoofnagle is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Chris Hoofnagle, American law professor

Jay Houston Hoofnagle (born 1943), American expert in hepatotoxicity, hepatitis, cirrhosis and other diseases of the liver

William Hoofnagle (1921–2012), American economist and politician

Chris Hoofnagle
Chris Jay Hoofnagle is an American professor at the University of California, Berkeley who teaches information privacy law, computer crime law, regulation of online privacy, internet law, and seminars on new technology. Hoofnagle has contributed to the privacy literature by writing privacy law legal reviews and conducting research on the privacy preferences of Americans. Notably, his research demonstrates that most Americans prefer not to be targeted online for advertising and despite claims to the contrary, young people care about privacy and take actions to protect it. Hoofnagle has written scholarly articles regarding identity theft, consumer privacy, U.S. and European privacy laws, and privacy policy suggestions.
Quintet for clarinet, bass clarinet and string trio (Simpson)
The Quintet for clarinet, bass clarinet and string trio by Robert Simpson was completed in 1981 and commissioned by Gerald Drucker principal double bass at the Philharmonia Orchestra of London. The first performance was given at the Wigmore Hall in 1981 by the London Double Bass Ensemble and led by Gerald Drucker.

Robert Simpson was attracted to the idea of a quintet for the somewhat unusual combination of three double basses, clarinet and bass clarinet, beginning with a passage where the bass trio is actually introduced in harmonics, so that the two clarinets enter below.

Wigmore Hall
The Wigmore Hall is a concert hall at 36 Wigmore Street, in west London. It was designed by Thomas Edward Collcutt and opened in 1901 as the Bechstein Hall; it is considered to have particularly good acoustics. It specialises in performances of chamber music, early music, vocal music and song recitals, and hosts over five hundred concerts each year, as well as a weekly concert broadcast on BBC Radio 3. It has been a Grade II listed building since 1966.
Type 19 155 mm wheeled self-propelled howitzer
The Type 19 155 mm wheeled self-propelled howitzer (19式装輪自走155mmりゅう弾砲, Hitokyuu-shiki-sourin-jisou-155mm-ryuudan-hou) is a Japanese wheeled 155 mm self-propelled howitzer. The vehicle is designed to replace Japan's inventory of FH70 towed howitzers. The Type 19 continues to serve exclusively in the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force as a more affordable counterpart of the Type 99 155 mm self-propelled howitzer.

Japan Ground Self-Defense Force
The Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (Japanese: 陸上自衛隊, Hepburn: Rikujō Jieitai), JGSDF (陸自, Rikuji), also referred to as the Japanese Army, is the land warfare branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces. Created on July 1, 1954, it is the largest of the three service branches.

New military guidelines, announced in December 2010, direct the Self-Defense Forces away from their Cold War focus on the Soviet Union to a new focus on China, especially in respect of the dispute over the Senkaku Islands.

The JGSDF operates under the command of the chief of the ground staff, based in the city of Ichigaya, Shinjuku, Tokyo. The present chief of staff is General Yasunori Morishita. The JGSDF numbered 247,000 soldiers in 2025.
Avonmore (ward)
Avonmore is an electoral ward in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham. The ward in its current form was first used in the 2022 elections and elects two councillors to Hammersmith and Fulham London Borough Council. It was previously in use from 1964 to 2002.

2022 London local elections
The 2022 London local elections took place on 5 May 2022, as part of the 2022 United Kingdom local elections. All London borough councillor seats were up for election. Mayoral elections took place in Hackney, Lewisham, Newham and Tower Hamlets, with Croydon electing a mayor for the first time following a local referendum in October 2021.

The election saw Labour gain majority control of Barnet, Wandsworth and Westminster councils whilst the Conservatives gained majority control of Harrow Council and the Aspire Party gained control of Tower Hamlets Council, both from Labour. Labour also lost Croydon Council to no overall control. Of the four existing mayoralties, Labour held three but lost the position of mayor of Tower Hamlets to Lutfur Rahman of the Aspire Party, who had previously been removed from the same office after being found guilty of "corrupt or illegal practices" by an election court. The Conservative candidate Jason Perry won the newly created Croydon mayoralty.
Anthony Mellows
Anthony Roger Mellows, OBE, TD (29 July 1936 – 10 January 2016) was an English solicitor, academic and part-time British Army officer. Until June 2014 (having succeeded Lieutenant-Colonel Eric Barry, in 2008), he served as Lord Prior of the Order of Saint John, the order's most senior non-royal office.

Order (distinction)
An order is a visible honour awarded by a sovereign state, monarch, dynastic house or organisation to a person, typically in recognition of individual merit, that often comes with distinctive insignia such as collars, medals, badges, and sashes worn by recipients.

Modern honour systems of state orders and dynastic orders emerged from the culture of  orders of chivalry of the Middle Ages, which in turn emerged from the Catholic religious orders.
Kalyani Group
Kalyani Group is an Indian multinational conglomerate, headquartered in Pune, India, founded in 1961. It operates in various key sectors including engineering, steel, automotive and non-automotive components, renewable energy and infrastructure, and specialty chemicals. The group has also expanded its operations into the defense manufacturing sector, which was showcased at the DefExpo 2020.

The group's annual turnover exceeded USD 2.5 billion as of 2011 and has established joint ventures with companies such as Alstom, Carpenter Technology Corporation, Iochpe-Maxion, Meritor, Sharp Corporation, and Rafael Advanced Defense Systems.

Defence Exhibition Organisation
Defence Exhibition Organisation is an autonomous organisation of the Indian Government established in 1981. The organisation's main charter is to organise and coordinate Aerospace and Defence (A&D) exhibitions in India and aboard. The agency is responsible for organising international exhibitions such as DefExpo and Indian participation at overseas exhibitions such as Aero India and DefExpo. The DEO is also involved in coordinating and the setting-up of "India Pavilion" at major international Aerospace & Defence exhibitions abroad in order to improve the export potential of the Indian Aerospace & Defence Industry.
102nd (Tyneside Scottish) Brigade
The 102nd Brigade was an infantry formation of the British Army during World War I. It was raised as part of 'Kitchener's Army' and assigned to the 34th Division. After the original formation was converted into a reserve brigade, the number was transferred to a brigade of 'Tyneside Scottish', four 'Pals battalions' of the Northumberland Fusiliers recruited from men of (mainly) Scottish birth or heritage working on Tyneside. The brigade landed in France at the end of 1915 and then served on the Western Front for the rest of the war. The brigade suffered appalling casualties on the First day of the Battle of the Somme. It recovered to participate in the Battle of Arras in 1917, but was virtually destroyed during the German spring offensive of 1918. It was reconstituted with different units in time to take part in the final battles of the war and the post-war occupation of the Rhineland.

Kitchener's Army
The New Army, often referred to as Kitchener's Army or, disparagingly, as Kitchener's Mob,
was an (initially) all-volunteer portion of the British Army formed in the United Kingdom from 1914 onwards following the outbreak of hostilities in the First World War in late July 1914. It originated on the recommendation of Herbert Kitchener, then the Secretary of State for War to obtain 500,000 volunteers for the Army. Kitchener's original intention was that these men would be formed into units that would be ready to be put into action in mid-1916, but circumstances dictated the use of these troops before then. The first use in a major action of Kitchener's Army units came at the Battle of Loos (September–October 1915).
Daniel Washabaugh
Daniel Washabaugh (October 17, 1803 – January 10, 1894) was an American legislator and public official.

Born near Hagerstown, Maryland, Washabaugh moved to Chambersburg, Pennsylvania and then to Bedford, Pennsylvania. He served in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives as a Whig in 1841. He also served as a prothonotary for Bedford County, Pennsylvania. He died in Everett, Pennsylvania. His son was Frank J. Washabaugh who was a South Dakota legislator and jurist.

Bedford County, Pennsylvania
Bedford County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 47,577. The county seat is Bedford. The county is part of the Southwest region of the commonwealth.
Plikati
Plikati (Greek: Πληκάτι, Albanian: Plikat) is a village in the municipal unit of Mastorochoria, Ioannina regional unit, Greece. It is one of the northernmost villages in Epirus. The village architecture is of stone houses with slate roofs, some either two or three storeys in height.

Ioannina (regional unit)
Ioannina (Greek: Περιφερειακή ενότητα Ιωαννίνων) is one of the regional units of Greece, located in the northwestern part of the country.

It is part of the region of Epirus. Its capital is the city of Ioannina. It is the largest regional unit in Epirus, and one of the largest regional units of Greece, with a population of 160,773 people, according to the 2021 census.
Łówcze
Łowcze [ˈwuft͡ʂɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowa Wieś Lęborska, within Lębork County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Lębork County
Lębork County (Kashubian: Lãbòrsczi kréz, Polish: powiat lęborski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland, on the Baltic coast. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Lębork, which lies 61 kilometres (38 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk. The only other town in the county is Łeba, lying 29 km (18 mi) north-west of Lębork.

The county covers an area of 706.99 square kilometres (273.0 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 66,196, out of which the population of Lębork is 35,333, that of Łeba is 3,644, and the rural population is 27,219.

Lębork County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship

Lębork County is bordered by Wejherowo County to the east, Kartuzy County to the south-east, Bytów County to the south and Słupsk County to the west. It also borders the Baltic Sea to the north.
Marcus Porcius Cato (consul 118 BC)
Marcus Porcius Cato (died 118 BC) was a member of the Roman plebeian gens Porcii and consul in 118 BC.

Marcus Porcius Cato was the elder son of Marcus Porcius Cato Licinianus and the grandson of the famous conservative Roman politician Cato the Elder. Nothing is known about his early life. In 121 BC at the latest he was praetor. In 118 BC he became consul; his colleague was Quintus Marcius Rex. He went to Africa, perhaps to settle the dispute between the heirs of king Micipsa of Numidia, the son of Masinissa, but Cato died during his consulate.

Cato was a powerful orator. He left some posthumous speeches, which were preserved for some time.

Praetor
Praetor (/ˈpriːtər/ PREE-tər, Classical Latin: [ˈprae̯tɔr]), also pretor, was the title granted by the government of ancient Rome to a man acting in one of two official capacities: (i) the commander of an army, and (ii) as an elected magistratus (magistrate), assigned to discharge various duties. The functions of the magistracy, the praetura (praetorship), are described by the adjective itself: the praetoria potestas (praetorian power), the praetorium imperium (praetorian authority), and the praetorium ius (praetorian law), the legal precedents established by the praetores (praetors). Praetorium, as a substantive, denoted the location from which the praetor exercised his authority, either the headquarters of his castra, the courthouse (tribunal) of his judiciary, or the city hall of his provincial governorship. The minimum age for holding the praetorship was 39 during the Roman Republic, but it was later changed to 30 in the early Empire.
Al-Tall, Acre
Al-Tall (Arabic: التلّ), was a Palestinian village 14 km northeast of Acre in the British Mandate District of Acre. Depopulated as a result of military assault and capture during the 1947-1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine as part of Operation Operation Ben-Ami by the Carmeli Brigade of the Israel Defense Forces.

Adobe
Adobe (/əˈdoʊbi/ ⓘ ə-DOH-bee; Spanish: [aˈðoβe]; via Spanish, from Arabic  الطّوب (at-tūb)) is a building material made from loam and organic materials. Adobe is Spanish for mudbrick. In some English-speaking regions of Spanish heritage, such as the Southwestern United States, the term is used to refer to any kind of earthen construction, or various architectural styles like Pueblo Revival or Territorial Revival. Most adobe buildings are similar in appearance to cob and rammed earth buildings. Adobe is among the earliest building materials, and is used throughout the world.

Adobe architecture has been dated to before 5,100 BP.
Vic Rawl
A. Victor Rawl is an American politician, attorney, and jurist serving as a member of the Charleston County council in Charleston, South Carolina. Rawl was a candidate for 2010 United States Senate election in South Carolina. He lost the Democratic primary to Alvin Greene in a surprise upset and unsuccessfully protested the outcome of the race.

Charleston County, South Carolina
Charleston County is located in the U.S. state of South Carolina along the Atlantic coast. As of the 2020 census, the population was 408,235, making it the third-most populous county in South Carolina (behind Greenville and Richland counties). Its county seat is Charleston. It is also the largest county in the state by total area, although Horry County has a larger land area. The county was created in 1800 by an act of the South Carolina State Legislature. Charleston County is included in the Charleston-North Charleston, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is in the Lowcountry region of South Carolina.
S. Joshua Swamidass
S. Joshua Swamidass is an American computational biologist, physician, academic, and author. He is an associate professor of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, and a Faculty Lead of Translational Bioinformatics in the Institute for Informatics at Washington University in St. Louis.

Swamidass has published over 150 articles. He focuses his research on applications of statistical machine learning and decision theory in the context of chemical biology and medicine. He has also worked on drug discovery, drug metabolism, and translational research. Swamidass is the founder of "Peaceful Science," where he writes regarding the advancement of the civic practice of science. He also serves as an Associate Editor for BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making.  In 2019 he published The Genealogical Adam and Eve.

In 2022, Swamidass became a fellow of the American Academy for Advancement of Science.

Decision theory
Decision theory or the theory of rational choice is a branch of probability, economics, and analytic philosophy that uses expected utility and probability to model how individuals would behave rationally under uncertainty. It differs from the cognitive and behavioral sciences in that it is mainly prescriptive and concerned with identifying optimal decisions for a rational agent, rather than describing how people actually make decisions. Despite this, the field is important to the study of real human behavior by social scientists, as it lays the foundations to mathematically model and analyze individuals in fields such as sociology, economics, criminology, cognitive science, moral philosophy and political science.
Convoy FS 559
Convoy FS 559, eventually comprising ten merchant ships, was a British convoy in World War II which departed Methil, Scotland on 4 August 1941, then Newcastle-upon-Tyne, for Southend, Essex. The protecting force comprised the destroyers HMS Vimiera and HMS Wolsey, supported by HMT Agate and HMT Arkwright. On the night of 6 August, six merchant ships from the convoy and escort Agate ran aground on the Haisborough Sands. The Cromer lifeboat H.F. Bailey was the first to arrive, and rescued 16 men from the SS Oxshott, 31 from the SS Gallois, 19 from the Deerwood and 22 from Betty Hindley. The Cromer second lifeboat Harriot Dixon and the Great Yarmouth and Gorleston lifeboat Louise Stephens between them rescued a further 31 men.

Methil
Methil (Scottish Gaelic: Meadhchill) is a coastal town in Fife, Scotland.

Methil has ancient origins: two Bronze Age cemeteries have been discovered which date the settlement as over 8,000 years old. The town was first recorded as "Methkil" in 1207, and belonged to the Bishop of St Andrews. Methil was part of its own barony from 1614 and also part of the former burgh of Buckhaven and Methil, which existed between 1891 and 1975. Previously an industrial maritime powerhouse of the region and once Scotland's greatest coal port, it is now redirecting itself towards a green energy future.

Methil lies on the north shore of the Firth of Forth, between Largo Bay to the east and Wemyss Bay to the west. It is situated within a continuous urban area described as Levenmouth; the River Leven delineates Methil from adjacent towns. The Fife Coastal Path, one of Scotland's Great Trails, runs through Methil. The town has a population of 10,890 (2022).
Woodbury Fire
Woodbury Fire was a wildfire in the Superstition Wilderness, northwest of Superior, Arizona, that started on June 8, 2019. The fire burned a total area of 123,875 acres. It was the fifth largest wildfire in Arizona’s history. The blaze caused the evacuation of homes, road and campground closures, endangered wildlife habitats, and the destruction of hiking trails and archaeological sites.

Superior, Arizona
Superior (Western Apache: Yooʼ Łigai) is a town in northern Pinal County, Arizona, United States, and is the oldest town in the county. According to the 2020 census, the population of the town was 2,407. Superior was founded as a mining town for the Silver King and the later Magma mines; silver was mined at first, and then transitioned to copper.  Currently, exploitation of the huge Resolution Copper deposit is being explored.
Match! Game
Match! Game (Russian: Матч! Игра) is a Russian pay TV channel. The channel broadcasts in SD 4:3 format. It was founded April 4, 2011 by the All-Russia State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company under the name "Sport-2" (Russian: Спорт-2). From August 13, 2012 to January 25, 2016 the channel was known as "Sport" (Russian: Спорт). In October 2015, Gazprom-Media acquired the channel. January 25, 2016 changed its name to "Match! Game".

Gazprom-Media
Gazprom-Media (Russian: ОАО Газпром-Медиа) is a Russian media holding company established in January 1998 as a subsidiary of Gazprom Media Holdings. It and its parent company are subsidiaries of Gazprom, a large Russian oil and gas company founded in 1989 that is majority owned by the Federal Government of Russia which owns a 50.23% controlling stake in Gazprom. The group owns more than 38 television channels and 10 radio stations.
Jakub Polak (musician)
Jakub Polak (c. 1545 - c. 1605), also known as Jakub Reys (Reis, de Rais, de Reiz, de Restz, de Retz, du Retz) and Jacques le Polonois, was a Polish lutenist and composer. He was notable for his service as court lutenist to Henry III of Poland and France. Initially Polak served as one of the court musicians at Kraków, and after Henry III fled Poland, Polak joined him in Paris in 1574. He was an author of several lute compositions, most notably preludies, fantasies, dances and several chansons. During his lifetime he was renowned for his lute improvisations.

Fantasia (musical form)
A fantasia (Italian: [fantaˈziːa]; also English: fantasy, fancy, fantazy, phantasy; German: Fantasie, Phantasie; French: fantaisie) is a musical composition with roots in improvisation. The fantasia, like the impromptu, seldom follows the textbook rules of any strict musical form.
Colour of Love (Snap! song)
"Colour of Love" is a song by German Eurodance group Snap!, released in December 1991 by Arista and Logic Records as the first single from their second studio album, The Madman's Return (1992). It features vocals by American singer-songwriter Thea Austin and rap by Turbo B, which both co-wrote the lyrics with the producers. The song received positive reviews from music critics, many of them naming it a standout of the album. Quite successful on the charts in Europe, it became a top-10 hit in at least 11 countries, as well as on the Eurochart Hot 100, where it peaked at number eight in February 1992. The accompanying music video was filmed in Death Valley, California.

Eurodance
Eurodance (sometimes referred to as Euro-NRG) is a genre of electronic dance music that originated in the late 1980s in Europe. It combines many elements of rap, techno and Eurodisco. This genre of music is heavily influenced by the use of rich vocals, sometimes with rapped verses. This, combined with cutting-edge synthesizers, strong bass rhythm and melodic hooks, establishes the core foundation of Eurodance music.
Erie Blades
The Erie Blades name was used by two professional ice hockey teams in Erie, Pennsylvania. Both teams played their home games in the Erie County Field House. After the second Blades team folded, the void was filled by the Erie Golden Blades, a team in the Atlantic Coast Hockey League from 1982 to 1987. They changed the colors from orange and black, to gold and blue with the name change.

Eastern Hockey League (1978–1981)
The Eastern Hockey League began operation in 1978 as the Northeastern Hockey League, filling the void in the former territory of the Eastern Hockey League.

Bill Beagan was named commissioner of the Northeastern Hockey League on June 14, 1979, to replace Jack Timmins who resigned. The league was rebranded as the Eastern Hockey League, which Beagan oversaw for two seasons until 1981. The league was not successful and after an owners' meeting on July 19, 1981, it was decided to fold the league.

Two of the teams – Baltimore Clippers and the Salem Raiders – joined the Atlantic Coast Hockey League in 1981. One team – the Erie Blades – joined the American Hockey League that same season. The remaining teams folded with the league and ceased operations.