hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dumb insolence
Dumb insolence is an offence against military discipline in which a subordinate displays an attitude of defiance towards a superior without open disagreement.  It is also found in settings such as education in which obedience and deference to a teacher is expected but may be refused by unruly pupils.  For example, a pupil may suck their teeth, sigh or walk away while being spoken to.

Military discipline
Military discipline is the obedience to a code of conduct while in military service.

According to the U.S. Army Field Manual 7-21.13 4-4:

Discipline in the Army is one of the most basic elements of warfighting. Its purpose is to train you so you can execute orders quickly and intelligently under the most difficult conditions. Insistence on performing tasks properly enhances military discipline. For example, it means ensuring you wear your uniform properly, march well or repeating tasks until you perform them correctly. (...) Discipline in routine conduct such as saluting, police call, and physical training, can make discipline much easier to achieve when responding to more difficult conduct such as advancing under fire, refusing an illegal order, or moving a wounded Soldier to safety.
Inspecção Geral das Actividades Culturais
Inspecção Geral das Atividades Culturais (IGAC; General Inspection of Cultural Activities), is an organisation that is part of the  Ministry of Culture of Portugal. It is the organisation responsible for the rating of video games, films and related media released in Portugal.

Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports (Portugal)
The Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports (Portuguese: Ministério da Cultura, Juventude e Desporto) is a Portuguese government ministry, created in June 2025 by the XXV Constitutional Government as a merger of the previous Ministries of Culture and Youth and Modernisation. Currently, it is led by Margarida Balseiro Lopes.

It is dedicated to the design, development, execution and assessment of the cultural national policy, as well as managing policies related to youth and sports.

As all other ministers, the Minister of Culture, Youth and Sports is part of the Council of Ministers.
Salegentibacter echinorum
Salegentibacter echinorum is a  Gram-negative, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Salegentibacter which has been isolated from a sea urchin (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus) from the Yellow Sea in China.

Hemicentrotus
Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus is a species of sea urchin, the only one in the monotypic genus Hemicentrotus. It was first described by the American engineer and marine zoologist Alexander Agassiz in 1864 as Psammechinus pulcherrimus. Its range extends along the coasts of Korea, Taiwan and China, and in Japan from Kyūshū to Ishikari Bay. An edible species, it is harvested from Kyūshū to Fukui, in the Sea of Japan.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II operators
The Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II is a family of stealth multirole fighters that first entered service with the United States in 2015. The aircraft has been ordered by program partner nations, including the United Kingdom, Italy, Norway, and Australia, and also through the Department of Defense's Foreign Military Sales program, including Japan, South Korea, and Israel. The units that operate or plan on operating the aircraft are listed below.

32nd Wing (Italy)
The 32nd Wing "Armando Boetto" (Italian: 32° Stormo "Armando Boetto") is a military aviation unit of the Italian Air Force, equipped with both attack aircraft (F-35A) and unmanned aerial vehicles for ISTAR missions (Predator MQ-1C and MQ-9A Reaper).
Birinci Çağan
40°43′25″N 48°33′38″E﻿ / ﻿40.72361°N 48.56056°E﻿ / 40.72361; 48.56056

Birinci Çağan (also, Bash-Chagan, Chagan, and Chagan Pervoye) is a village in the Shamakhi Rayon of Azerbaijan.  The village forms part of the municipality of Çağan.

Shamakhi District
40°38′N 48°40′E﻿ / ﻿40.633°N 48.667°E﻿ / 40.633; 48.667

Shamakhi District (Azerbaijani: Şamaxı rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the east of the country and belongs to the Mountainous Shirvan Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Quba, Khizi, Gobustan, Hajigabul, Agsu, and Ismayilli. Its capital and largest city is Shamakhi. As of 2020, the district had a population of 106,400.

In its history, eleven major earthquakes have rocked Shamakhi, but each time it was reconstructed by its inhabitants due to its role as the economic and administrative capital of Shirvan and one of the key towns on the way of the Silk Road. The only building to have survived eight of the eleven earthquakes is the landmark Juma Mosque (8th century CE).
Lisa Evers
Lisa Evers (formerly Lisa Sliwa) (born June 15, 1953) is an American general assignment reporter for FOX 5 News, host of the Street Soldiers with Lisa Evers television and radio show in New York City, a former high-ranking Guardian Angel, and a long-time community volunteer for urban, youth and children's charities.

Elite Model Management
Elite Model Management (MM) is a French modeling agency that originated in Paris in 1972. Elite MM is a subsidiary of Elite World S.A., whose main shareholder Silvio Scaglia controls his stake through Elite World Group (EWG), a management company where Elite MM is one of brands along with The Society Management, Women Management, Supreme Management, Elite Model Look, and Women 360. In 2004, the agencies in New York City, Miami, Los Angeles, and Toronto separated and formed Elite Model Management North America. Although Elite Model Management North America and Elite World Group share the same logo, they have separate ownership and are not part of a business network.
Ted Bennett
William Weldon "Ted" Bennett Jr. (born December 24, 1940, in Halifax, Virginia) is an American politician. A Democrat, he served in the Virginia House of Delegates 1990–2002, representing the 60th district.

Virginia's 60th House of Delegates district
Virginia's 60th House of Delegates district elects one of 100 seats in the Virginia House of Delegates, the lower house of Virginia's bicameral state legislature. Formerly located in Southside Virginia, the district was moved to border northeast of Richmond in 2023, as part of a statewide reorganization of the state's legislative districts.

The seat is currently held by Republican James E. Edmunds II.
Siddhi Savetsila
Siddhi Savetsila (Thai: สิทธิ เศวตศิลา, RTGS: Sit Sawetsila, Thai pronunciation: [sìt sàʔwèːtsìʔlaː], 7 January 1919 – 5 December 2015) was a Thai air force officer and politician. After finishing his military career with the rank of air chief marshal, he served as the foreign minister of Thailand from 1980 to 1990. In 1991, he became a member of the Privy Council of King Bhumibol Adulyadej. He was the president of the united nations security council in 1985 with Mom Luang Birabhongse Kasemsri.

Order of the Crown of Thailand
The Most Noble Order of the Crown of Thailand (Thai: เครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์อันมีเกียรติยศยิ่งมงกุฎไทย; RTGS: Khrueang Ratcha-itsariyaphon An Mi Kiattiyot Ying Mongkut Thai) is a Thai order, established in 1869 by King Rama V of The Kingdom of Siam (now Thailand) for Thais, the royal family, governmental employees, and foreign dignitaries for their outstanding services to the Kingdom of Thailand. The order originally had seven classes. The special class was added by King Rama VI in 1918. Formerly called The Most Noble Order of the Crown of Siam.
Battle of Chuvash Cape
The Battle of Chuvash Cape (November 5 [O. S. October 26], 1582) led to the victory of a Russian expedition under Yermak Timofeyevich and the fall of Khanate of Sibir and the end of Khan Kuchum's power. The battle took place near Qashliq (Isker), in Siberia.

Tsardom of Russia
The Tsardom of Russia, also known as the Tsardom of Moscow, was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721.

From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew by an average of 35,000 square kilometres (14,000 sq mi) per year. The period includes the upheavals of the transition from the Rurik to the Romanov dynasties, wars with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire, and the Russian conquest of Siberia, to the reign of Peter the Great, who took power in 1689 and transformed the tsardom into an empire. During the Great Northern War, he implemented substantial reforms and proclaimed the Russian Empire after victory over Sweden in 1721.
Chrishantha Abeysena
Prof. Chrishantha Abeysena (Sinhala: ක්‍රිෂාන්ත අබේසේන; Tamil: கிரிஷாந்த அபேசேன) is a Sri Lankan politician who has served as the  Minister of Science and Technology since November 2024. He was elected to the Parliament from Gampaha Electoral District as a member of the National People's Power in the 2024 Sri Lankan parliamentary election.

National People's Power
The National People's Power (NPP), known in Sinhala as the Jathika Jana Balawegaya (JJB), is a centre-left to left-wing political alliance in Sri Lanka. It is the current ruling party of Sri Lanka, having won the 2024 presidential and parliamentary elections. President Anura Kumara Dissanayake is the current leader of the party and Nihal Abeysinghe is the general secretary.

Established in 2019, the NPP is an alliance led by the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna consisting of 21 different groups, including political parties and other organisations. It contests in elections under the compass symbol. Considered an electorally weak third-party prior to 2024, it briefly formed a minority government under president Anura Kumara Dissanayake following his election. In the subsequent parliamentary elections, the NPP became the largest party in the parliament for the first time with 159 seats, winning a supermajority.
PhpMyAdmin
phpMyAdmin is a free and open source administration tool for MySQL and MariaDB. As a portable web application written primarily in PHP, it has become one of the most popular MySQL administration tools, especially for web hosting services.

JSON
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation, pronounced /ˈdʒeɪsən/ or /ˈdʒeɪˌsɒn/) is an open standard file format and data interchange format that uses human-readable text to store and transmit data objects consisting of name–value pairs and arrays (or other serializable values). It is a commonly used data format with diverse  uses in electronic data interchange, including that of web applications with servers.

JSON is a programming language-independent data format. It was derived from JavaScript, but many modern programming languages include code to generate and parse JSON-format data. JSON filenames use the extension .json.

Douglas Crockford originally specified the JSON format in the early 2000s. They and Chip Morningstar sent the first JSON message in April 2001.
Henry Parkinson (railway engineer)
Henry Waterworth Parkinson (died 1942) was a railway engineer in Australia and New Zealand.

Parkinson was a civil engineer who worked in New Zealand and New South Wales before coming to Queensland and joining the Queensland Railways Department. He supervised the erection of the now heritage-listed Burdekin River Rail Bridge at Macrossan (now Dotswood). Subsequently, he was the engineer for the section of the North Coast railway line from Paget Junction to Sarina and for the section of the Tablelands railway line from Atherton to Herberton. From 1913 he was engineer for the City of Rockhampton.

Parkinson died in Sydney aged 85 years.

The suburb of Parkinson in Brisbane was named after him in 1972.

Burdekin River Rail Bridge
Burdekin River Rail Bridge is a heritage-listed former railway bridge on the Great Northern railway over the Burdekin River at Dotswood, Charters Towers Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Henry Charles Stanley and built from c. 1896 to 1899 by Swanson Brothers. It is also known as Macrossan Bridge. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.
Stepp
Stepp is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andy Stepp (1958–2024), American politician

Blake Stepp (born 1982), American basketball player

Cathy Stepp (born 1963), American politician

Hans-Karl Stepp (1914–2006), German soldier

Laura Sessions Stepp (1951-2025), American author and journalist

Rick Stepp (born 1973), American botanist

William Hamilton Stepp (1875–1957), American fiddle player

Rick Stepp
John Richard 'Rick' Stepp is an anthropologist and ethnobiologist who currently holds the position of UF Research Foundation Professor at the University of Florida. Stepp was previously the G. P. Wilder Professor of Botany at the University of Hawaii.

His work examines the strong relationship between biological diversity and cultural diversity. Stepp studied ecology at the Universities of Florida and Georgia under the tutelage of Howard T. Odum, Eugene P. Odum, Frank Golley and Bernard Patten. His PhD advisor in ecological anthropology was Brent Berlin. He has also been involved in research on the importance of weeds as medicinal plants for indigenous peoples.  He serves as a regional governor for Slow Food USA. He has served as the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Ethnobiology from 2005 to 2008 and from 2021 to present, has presided the Society for Ethnobotany (2014-15) and the International Society of Ethnobiology (2018-2022).
Fintown
Fintown (officially known by its Irish name, Baile na Finne) is a small village and townland on the banks of Lough Finn in County Donegal, Ireland. It is within the Gaeltacht, an Irish-speaking area, in the west of the county. Overlooked by Aghla (589m, 1961 ft) and Screig Mountains, its main attraction is an Mhuc Dhubh, the Fintown Railway (Donegal's only operational narrow gauge railway), which runs along the length of Lough Finn. The village was named after a mythological woman, Fionngheal, who drowned in the lake after attempting to save her wounded brother Feargamhain.

Gaeltacht
A Gaeltacht (/ˈɡeɪltəxt/ GAYL-təkht, Irish: [ˈɡeːl̪ˠt̪ˠəxt̪ˠ], pl. Gaeltachtaí) is a district of Ireland, either individually or collectively, where the Irish government recognises that the Irish language is the predominant vernacular, or language of the home.
The Gaeltacht districts were first officially recognised during the 1920s in the early years of the Irish Free State, following the Gaelic revival, as part of a government policy aimed at restoring the Irish language.

The Gaeltacht is threatened by serious language decline. Research published in 2015 showed that Irish is spoken on a daily basis by two-thirds or more of the population in only 21 of the 155 electoral divisions in the Gaeltacht. Daily language use by two-thirds or more of the population is regarded by some academics as a tipping point for language survival.
York (provincial electoral district, 1785–1974)
York was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada. It used a bloc voting system to elect candidates. It was abolished with the 1973 electoral redistribution, when the province moved to single-member ridings.

1973 New Brunswick electoral redistribution
The 1973 New Brunswick electoral redistribution was the most radical redistribution of electoral districts in the history of New Brunswick, Canada.  Under this redistribution, New Brunswick changed from a mixture of multi-member districts and single-member districts to a scheme of only single-member districts, from bloc voting electoral system to first past the post.

As the number of members per district had been re-evaluated as recently as 1967, the number of members was not changed, and multi-member districts were simply subdivided to form single-member districts.

Prior to the redistribution, New Brunswick had had the longest and deepest experience of multi-member districts of any province in Canada. The Block voting system in use though denied voters the proportional representation that they might otherwise have enjoyed.
2023–24 Idaho State Bengals men's basketball team
The 2023–24 Idaho State Bengals men's basketball team represented Idaho State University during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Bengals, led by fifth-year head coach Ryan Looney, played their home games at Reed Gym in Pocatello, Idaho as members of the Big Sky Conference.

The Bengals finished the season 14–20, 7–11 in Big Sky play, to finish in a tie for seventh place. They defeated Northern Arizona and upset #2 seed Northern Colorado, before falling to eventual tournament runner-up Montana in the semifinals of the Big Sky tournament.

2023–24 Montana Grizzlies basketball team
The 2023–24 Montana Grizzlies basketball team represented the University of Montana in the 2023–24 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Grizzlies, led by tenth-year head coach Travis DeCuire, played their home games at Dahlberg Arena in Missoula, Montana as members of the Big Sky Conference.
Leandro Salvagno Rattaro
Leandro Salvagno Rattaro (born March 3, 1984) is a Uruguayan rower, who won silver for the quadruple sculls at the 2003 Pan American Games in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, and a bronze at the 2006 South American Games in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He made his official debut at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, where he finished second for the D-final, and 20th overall in the men's single sculls, with a fastest possible time of 7:01.33.

At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Salvagno won the D-final of the men's single sculls, finishing ahead of Hong Kong's Law Hiu Fung by two seconds, with a time of 7:04.13. He only placed 19th out of 32 rowers in the overall rankings.

Salvagno, however, fell short in his bid to qualify for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, after competing in the single sculls at the Latin America Continental Qualification Regatta in Buenos Aires. He finished abruptly in sixth place for the semi-final rounds, with a slowest possible time of 8:44.30.

Rowing at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's single sculls
The men's single sculls competition at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing was held between 9 and 16 August, at the Shunyi Olympic Rowing-Canoeing Park. There were 32 competitors from 32 nations. The event was won by Olaf Tufte of Norway, the fifth man to successfully defend an Olympic title in the event (and 12th to win multiple medals of any colour). The silver medal went to Ondřej Synek of the Czech Republic, the nation's first medal in the event (though Czech rower Václav Chalupa had earned silver in 1992 for Czechoslovakia). Mahé Drysdale of New Zealand earned bronze. Both Synek and Drysdale would go on to win medals in the event again in 2012 and 2016 (with Drysdale the gold medallist both times).
Estadio Alfredo Díaz Angulo
The Estadio Alfredo Díaz Angulo is a multi-use stadium in Guamúchil, Sinaloa, Mexico.  It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium for Murciélagos F.C. B.  The stadium has a capacity of 5,000 people.

Guamúchil
Guamúchil (gwam-OO-cheel, US: /ɡwɑːˈmuːtʃil/, Spanish: [ɡwaˈmutʃil]) is a city located in the state of Sinaloa in Northwestern Mexico. It is located 100 km north of Culiacán, the capital of Sinaloa. The city serves as the seat of the municipality of Salvador Alvarado and is the economic  and sociocultural center of the Évora Valley Region, named after the local Évora river. In 2010, the city had a population of around 72,500 inhabitants. It is the fifth-largest city in the state in population after Culiacán, Mazatlán, Los Mochis and Guasave.
Jennifer Lufau
Jennifer Lufau (born in 1993 (age 32–33) in Togo) is a gamer, and an expert in digital marketing, who is based in Paris, France.

She is the founder and president of the Afrogameuses, an association which fights against racism and sexism (see: misogynoir) in the field of video games and tries to promote better representation of black women. Active and involved in the field of video games, she is also the author of the blog "Call me Jane Bond".

In November 2020, Vanity Fair elected Jennifer Lufau as one of the "fifty French women who made 2020".

Misogynoir
Misogynoir is a term referring to the combined force of anti-black racism and misogyny directed towards black women. The term was coined by black feminist writer Moya Bailey in 2008 to address misogyny directed toward Black transgender and cisgender women in American visual and popular culture.
The concept of misogynoir is grounded in the theory of intersectionality, which analyzes how various social identities such as race, gender, class, age, ability, and sexual orientation interrelate in systems of oppression.
Pavithrampudur
Pavithrampudur is a village in Namakkal district, Tamil Nadu, India. It is located on the state highway  connecting the district headquarters, Namakkal with Thuraiyur, one of the other major towns of the neighboring district Thiruchirappalli.

This village serves as the eastern border of Namakkal district. The adjacent district is Thiruchirappalli.

It is the birthplace of Cinema director Babu Yogeswaran. He has directed the film Daas.

The southern part of Kolli Hills is located at a distance of just 5 km from this village.

This place having the pincode of 637021 as under Varagur Sub Office.

The temple of Ambayiramman is located just 1 km away. This temple figures in the opening of the title card of the Tamil film Bama Vijayam.

Bama Vijayam (1934 film)
Bama Vijayam (transl. Bama's Victory) is a 1934 Indian Tamil-language film directed by Manik Lal Tandon. The film featured G. N. Balasubramaniam making his acting debut in Tamil cinema, M. R. Krishnamurthi, P. S. Ratna Bai and P. S. Saraswathi Bai in the leading roles. P. S. Ratna Bai and P. S. Saraswathi Bai are well known as the Palayamkottai Sisters.
Tana Church
Tana Church (Norwegian: Tana kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Deatnu-Tana Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. It is located in the village of Rustefjelbma.  It is the main church for the Tana parish which is part of the Indre Finnmark prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland. The unique, brown, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1964 using designs drawn up by the architect Esben Poulsson (1907-1974) to replace the old church that was burned down by the retreating German forces towards the end of World War II. The church seats about 300 people.

Finnmark
Finnmark (Norwegian: [ˈfɪ̀nːmɑrk] ⓘ; Northern Sami: Finnmárku [ˈfinːˌmaːrːhkuː]; Kven: Finmarkku; Finnish: Finnmarkin lääni; Russian: Финнмарк) is a county in northern Norway. By land, it borders Troms county to the west, Finland's Lapland region to the south, and Russia's Murmansk Oblast to the east, and by water, the Norwegian Sea (Atlantic Ocean) to the northwest, and the Barents Sea (Arctic Ocean) to the north and northeast.

The county was formerly known as Finmarkens amt or Vardøhus amt. Since 2002, it has had two official names: Finnmark (Norwegian) and Finnmárku (Northern Sami). It is part of the Sápmi region, which spans four countries, as well as the Barents Region, and is Norway's second-largest and least populous county.

In January 2020, Finnmark merged with the neighbouring county of Troms to form Troms og Finnmark county. In January 2024, the counties of Finnmark and Troms were restored after parliament decided in June 2022 to separate them.
Râșnov Ski Jump
Râșnov Ski Jump (Romanian: Trambulina Valea Cărbunării) is a ski jumping hill located within the Râșnov Sports Complex, in the Cărbunării Valley, southeast of Râșnov, Romania. It is the country's second largest ski jumping hill after the disused 110-meter Tintina.

The whole ski jumping complex consists of four hills, with K-points of 90, 64, 35 and 15 meters, respectively.

The 90-meter hill was designed by a Romanian architect and opened in 2012. The three other smaller hills were designed by the Austrian architect Christian Aske.

Construction point
The construction point (German: Konstruktionspunkt), also known as the K-point or K-spot and formerly critical point, is a line across a ski jumping hill. It is used to calculate the number of points granted for a given jump. It is also called calculation point or calculation line.