hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Military organization of the Germanic peoples
By military organization of the Germanic peoples is meant the set of forces that made up the armies of the Germanic peoples, including the organization of their units, their internal hierarchy of command, tactics, armament and strategy, from the Cimbrian Wars (late 2nd century B.C.) to the Marcomannic Wars (mid-3rd century A.D.). After this period a whole series of confederations of peoples (from the Alemanni to the Franks, Goths, and Saxons) were generated, each with its own internal military organization, which will be analyzed individually and separately.

Cassius Dio
Lucius Cassius Dio (c. 165 – c. 235), also known as Dio Cassius (Ancient Greek: Δίων Κάσσιος Dion Kassios), was a Roman historian and senator of maternal Greek origin. He published 80 volumes of the history of ancient Rome, beginning with the arrival of Aeneas in Italy. The volumes documented the subsequent founding of Rome (753 BC), the formation of the Republic (509 BC), and the creation of the Empire (27 BC) up until 229 AD, during the reign of Severus Alexander. Written in Koine Greek over 22 years, Dio's work covers approximately 1,000 years of history.

Many of his books have survived intact, alongside summaries edited by later authors such as Xiphilinus, a Byzantine monk of the 11th century, and Zonaras, a Byzantine chronicler of the 12th century.
Muthamillh Murugan International Conference
Muthamillh Murugan International Conference on the principles and teachings of the Hindu god Murugan, held on 24 and 25 August, 2024 in Palani in Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu in India. It was conducted in Arulmigu Palaniandavar College of Arts and Culture, Palani. It is not only a spiritual conference but also a conference on Tamil culture.

Dindigul district
Dindigul district is one of the 38 districts in the state of Tamil Nadu in India. Dindigul District is the largest district in Tamil Nadu by area. The district was carved out of Madurai District in 1985. It has an area of 6266.64 km2 and comprises 3 revenue divisions, 10 taluks, and 14 panchayat unions. The district is  located in Southwest of Tamil Nadu. The district is bound by Madurai district in the south,Tiruppur district in the northwest, Karur district in the north, Tiruchirappalli district in the northeast,  Theni district in the Southwest and Idukki district of Kerala to the west. As of 2011, the district had a population of 2,159,775 with a sex-ratio of 998 females for every 1,000 males.
Defence Medical Academy
The Defence Medical Academy is based at DMS Whittington. It is the training centre of Defence Medical Services. It trains military personnel to deal with situations that civilian paramedics would be involved with; i.e. more advanced situations than those which just require first aid.

Paramedic
A paramedic is a healthcare professional trained in the medical model, whose main role has historically been to respond to emergency calls for medical help outside of a hospital. Paramedics work as part of the emergency medical services (EMS), most often in ambulances. They also have roles in emergency medicine, primary care, transfer medicine and remote/offshore medicine.  The scope of practice of a paramedic varies between countries, but generally includes autonomous decision making around the emergency care of patients.

Not all ambulance personnel are paramedics, although the term is sometimes used informally to refer to any ambulance personnel. In some English-speaking countries, there is an official distinction between paramedics and emergency medical technicians (or emergency care assistants), in which paramedics have additional educational requirements and scope of practice.
Glesborg
Glesborg is a village, with a population of 607 (1 January 2025), in Norddjurs Municipality, Central Denmark Region in Denmark. It is located 20 km northeast of Ryomgård, 48 km east of Randers and 16 km northwest of Grenaa.

Glesborg was the municipal seat of the former Nørre Djurs Municipality until 1 January 2007.

Glesborg Church, built in the 13th century, is located in the village.

Central Denmark Region
The Central Denmark Region (Danish: Region Midtjylland), or more directly translated as the Central Jutland Region and sometimes simply Mid-Jutland, is an administrative region of Denmark established on 1 January 2007 as part of the 2007 Danish municipal reform. The reform abolished the traditional counties (amter) and replaced them with five new administrative regions. At the same time, smaller municipalities were merged into larger units, cutting the total number of municipalities from 271 to 98. The reform diminished the power of the regional level dramatically in favour of the local level and the national government in Copenhagen. The Central Denmark Region comprises 19 municipalities.
Johnny Bravo Goes to Bollywood
Johnny Bravo Goes to Bollywood is a 2011 animated comedy television  film based on the animated television series Johnny Bravo created by Van Partible. It premiered on Cartoon Network in Australia and New Zealand on November 4, 2011.

The movie was originally an 11-minute short done by Partible in Mumbai at Famous House of Animation. It was originally created for a strictly Indian audience, and the full short was done completely in Hindi and Dub in English. It aired on June 28, 2009 on Cartoon Network India. The following year, the short was lengthened to 78 minutes, and was done completely in English and Hindi to be aired globally.

Cartoon Network (Australia and New Zealand)
Cartoon Network Australia is an Australian pay television channel broadcast as a local feed of its American counterpart. It was launched on 3 October 1995, and is owned by Warner Bros. Discovery Asia-Pacific. It primarily shows animated programming.

The channel began broadcasting as a part of the Cartoon Network Asia service on 30 June 1995. It was later separated from the broader pan-Asian service on 3 October 1995.
Yalden
Yalden is a surname. The name is derived from the prefix Y- being added to the name Alden.

Notable people with this surname includes:

Derek Yalden, (1940–2013), English zoologist and honorary reader at the University of Manchester;

Max Yalden (born 1930), Canadian civil servant and diplomat;

Thomas Yalden (1670–1736), English poet and translator; and

William Yalden (1740–1824), English cricketer.

William Yalden
William Yalden (1740 – January 1824) was an English cricketer who played in the second half of the 18th century. He is one of the earliest known players to be classed as a wicket-keeper-batsman. Yalden played mainly for Chertsey and Surrey, although he was also a regular, sometimes as captain, for England (i.e., the "rest" of England). He also played as a given man for Hampshire and Kent, particularly in matches against Hampshire. His career began in the 1760s and he is known to have played until 1785.
Yavapai–Apache Nation
The Yavapai–Apache Nation(Yavapai: Wipuhk’a’bah and Western Apache: Dil’zhe’e) is a federally recognized Native American tribe of Yavapai and Apache people in the Verde Valley of Arizona. Tribal members share two culturally distinct backgrounds and speak two Indigenous languages, the Yavapai language and the Western Apache language.

Clarkdale, Arizona
Clarkdale is a town in Yavapai County, Arizona, United States. The Verde River flows through the town as does Bitter Creek, an intermittent tributary of the river. According to the 2021 census, the population of the town was 4,419.

Clarkdale, formerly a mining town, is now largely a retirement community and arts community.
Front Ranges
The Front Ranges are a group of mountain ranges in the Canadian Rockies of eastern British Columbia and western Alberta, Canada. It is lowest and the easternmost of the three main subranges of the Continental Ranges, located east of the Bull and Elk rivers and a fault line extending northwest of West Elk Pass to McGregor Pass.

Elk River (British Columbia)
The Elk River is a 220-kilometre (140 mi) long river, in the southeastern Kootenay district of the Canadian province of British Columbia. Its drainage basin is 4,450 square kilometres (1,720 sq mi) in area. Its mean discharge is approximately 60 cubic metres per second (2,100 cu ft/s), with a maximum recorded discharge of 818 cubic metres per second (28,900 cu ft/s). It is a tributary of the Kootenay River, and falls within the basin of the Columbia River.
Deniss Romanovs
Deniss Romanovs (born 2 September 1978) is a Latvian professional football coach and former player who played as a goalkeeper. He is currently the goalkeeping coach of Latvian First League club Riga Mariners.

Future League
The Future League (Latvian: Nākotnes Līga), prior to 2021 called the Latvian First League (Latvian: Latvijas Pirmā līga, 1. līga), is the second tier division of football in Latvia organised by the Latvian Football Federation since 1992.
Active reflection coefficient
The active reflection coefficient (ARC) is the reflection coefficient for a single antenna element in an array antenna, in the presence of mutual coupling. The active reflection coefficient is a function of frequency in addition to the excitation of the neighboring cells. In computational electromagnetics, the active reflection coefficient is usually determined from unit cell analysis in the frequency domain, where the phase shift over the unit cell (progressive phase shift used to steer the beam) is applied as a boundary condition.
It has been suggested that the name "scan reflection coefficient" is more appropriate than "active reflection coefficient", however the latter remains the most commonly used name.

Computational electromagnetics
Computational electromagnetics (CEM), computational electrodynamics or electromagnetic modeling is the process of modeling the interaction of electromagnetic fields with physical objects and the environment using computers.

It typically involves using computer programs to compute approximate solutions to Maxwell's equations to calculate antenna performance, electromagnetic compatibility, radar cross section and electromagnetic wave propagation when not in free space.  A large subfield is antenna modeling computer programs, which calculate the radiation pattern and electrical properties of radio antennas, and are widely used to design antennas for specific applications.
Opioid excess theory
The opioid excess theory postulates that autism is the result of a metabolic disorder in which opioid peptides produced through metabolism of gluten and casein pass through an abnormally permeable intestinal membrane and then proceed to exert an effect on neurotransmission through binding with opioid receptors. Advocates of this hypothesis believe that autistic children are unusually sensitive to gluten, which results in small bowel inflammation in these children, which in turn allows these opioid peptides to enter the brain.

Opioid receptor
Opioid receptors are a group of inhibitory G protein-coupled receptors with opioids as ligands. The endogenous opioids are dynorphins, enkephalins, endorphins, endomorphins and nociceptin. The opioid receptors are ~40% identical to somatostatin receptors (SSTRs). Opioid receptors are distributed widely in the brain, in the spinal cord, on peripheral neurons, and digestive tract.
Asiut University Stadium
Asyut University Stadium or استاد جامعة أسيوط is a football stadium in Asyut, Egypt.  It is the home stadium of Asyut Petroleum of the Egyptian Premier League. The stadium holds 16,000 spectators. The 12,000-capacity Arba’een Sporting Stadium and the 16,000-capacity Asyut University Stadium are the largest sports venues by capacity in Asyut.

Asyut Petroleum SC
Asyut Petroleum Sports Club (Arabic: نادي بترول أسيوط الرياضي), commonly referred to as Petrol Asyout, is an Egyptian football club based in Asyut, Egypt, currently competing in the Egyptian Second Division.
Sun Pharma
Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited (d/b/a Sun Pharma) is an Indian multinational pharmaceutical company headquartered in Mumbai. It manufactures and sells pharmaceutical formulations and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in more than 100 countries. It is the largest pharmaceutical company in India and the fourth largest specialty generic pharmaceutical company in the world.

Around 70% of Sun Pharma’s revenue is generated from international markets. The US and India are the largest markets, accounting for over 60% of the company's turnover. Manufacturing is across 43 locations in India, the US, Asia, Africa, Australia and Europe. The products cater to therapeutic segments covering psychiatry, anti-infectives, neurology, cardiology, diabetology, gastroenterology, ophthalmology, nephrology, urology, dermatology, gynaecology, respiratory, oncology, dental and nutritionals. Its active pharmaceutical products include baricitinib, brivaracetam, and dapaglifozin.

Pharmaceutical formulation
Pharmaceutical formulation, in pharmaceutics, is the process in which the active drug or Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) is combined with different chemical substances to produce a final medicinal product. The word formulation is often used in a way that includes dosage form.
Troy Davis (running back)
Troy Davis (born September 14, 1975) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL) and Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football for the Iowa State Cyclones, finishing as a finalist for the Heisman Trophy. Davis twice earned consensus All-American honors and was the first and one of only two NCAA Division I-A running backs to rush for over 2,000 yards in back-to-back seasons. In 2016, he was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. He played professionally for the New Orleans Saints of the NFL, and the Hamilton Tiger-Cats, Edmonton Eskimos and Toronto Argonauts of the CFL, and was a member of the Eskimos' Grey Cup championship team in 2005.

Touchdown Club of Columbus
The Touchdown Club of Columbus was founded in Columbus, Ohio, in 1956 by Sam B. Nicola at the request of state auditor James A. Rhodes, who later became governor of the state. Nicola served as the club's president until his death in 1993. More than a decade later, his son Sam Nicola Jr. took over the Touchdown Club. On January 22, 2020, the president of the Touchdown Club of Columbus, Curt Boster, announced on the club's Facebook page the cancellation of the awards, citing difficulty of maintaining the event without a title sponsor.
Irina Chelushkina
Irina Cheluskina (Serbian Cyrillic: Ирина Чолушкина, romanized: Irina Čoluškina; born 16 February 1961 in Kherson) is a Ukrainian and Serbian chess player and a Woman Grandmaster.

She has won the USSR Women's Chess Championship once, the Women's Yugoslav Chess Championship three times and the Serbian-Montenegrin championship twice, and the Women's Serbian Chess Championship in 2022.

Serbian Chess Championship
The Serbian Chess Championship is held by the Serbian Chess Association.

The first championships were played in 1935 and until 1991 they were the Yugoslav Chess Championship.  In 1992 FR Yugoslavia was formed, which changed its name to Serbia and Montenegro in 2003, and the Serbia and Montenegro Chess Championship was played until 2006, when Montenegro left the state union and a Serbian and Montenegrin separate championships were formed.
Godswill Akpabio
Chief Godswill Obot Akpabio GCON (Ibibio pronunciationⓘ; born 9 December 1962) is a Nigerian lawyer and politician who is currently serving as the 15th president of the Nigerian Senate since 2023. He was first elected as Senator representing Akwa Ibom North-West Senatorial District in 2015, lost in the 2019 senatorial elections and won in the 2023 elections. He also served as minister for Niger Delta Affairs from 2019 up till 2022 when he resigned to seek re-election into the Nigerian senate. He had previously served as the Governor of Akwa Ibom State from 2007 to 2015.

2023 Nigerian Senate election
The 2023 Nigerian Senate elections were held on 25 February 2023 in all 109 senatorial districts where voters elected senators using first-past-the-post voting. The last regular senatorial elections for all districts were in 2019.

Other federal elections, including the elections to the House of Representatives and the presidential election, were also held on the same date while state elections was held two weeks afterwards on 11 March. The winners of these Senate elections will serve beginning in the 10th Nigerian National Assembly. The APC have held a majority in the Senate since the 2015 elections and solidified that majority in 2019.

As of May 2023, the APC had retained its 59 seats, while the PDP had lost 3 for a total of 37. The Labour Party won seats in its own name for the first time, taking 7 mandates, while smaller parties, such as the NNPP and Social Democratic Party, took a total of 5. One seat has not yet been called.
Cycling at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Women's sprint
The women's 200m Sprint at the 1992 Summer Olympics (Cycling) was an event that consisted of cyclists making three laps around the track.  Only the time for the last 200 metres of the 750 metres covered was counted as official time. The races were held on Tuesday, July 28, Wednesday through  Friday, July 31, 1992 at the Velòdrom d'Horta.

Erika Salumäe defended her gold medal from 1988, but this time she represented her native Estonia instead of the Soviet Union that collapsed a year ago.

Erika Salumäe
Erika Salumäe (born 11 June 1962) is an Estonian track bicycle racer who won the first Olympic gold medal for Estonia in fifty-six years after the country regained independence in 1991.

Salumäe was born in Pärnu, Estonia. She trained at VSS Kalev in Tallinn. At the 1983 Summer Universiade she won two gold medals, in the women's sprint and women's 500 m time trial and the silver medal in the women's points race. Salumäe won the gold medal in track cycling at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, competing for the USSR team and in the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, competing for Estonia.

At World Championships from 1984 to 1989, she won 2 golds (1987 and 1989), 2 silvers (1984 and 1986) and 1 bronze (1995). From 1982 to 1989, she set 15 world records and was elected the Best Estonian Athlete in 1983, 1984, 1987–1990, 1992, 1995, and 1996.
Low marsh
Low marsh is a tidal marsh zone located below the Mean Highwater Mark (MHM). Based on elevation, frequency of submersion, soil characteristics, vegetation, microbial community, and other metrics, salt marshes can be divided to into three distinct areas: low marsh, middle marsh/high marsh, and the upland zone. Low marsh is characterized as being flooded daily with each high tide, while remaining exposed during low tides.

Chart datum
A chart datum is the water surface serving as origin (or coordinate surface) of depths displayed on a nautical chart and for reporting and predicting tide heights. A chart datum is generally derived from some tidal phase, in which case it is also known as a tidal datum.  Common chart datums are lowest astronomical tide (LAT) and mean lower low water (MLLW). In non-tidal areas, e.g., the Baltic Sea, mean sea level (MSL) is used.

A chart datum is a type of vertical datum and must not be confused with the horizontal datum for the chart.
However, it is not necessarily an equigeopotential (a water "level surface"): the chart datum is tilted across smaller to larger tidal range regions; in rivers, it is a sloping and undulating surface following the low stage.
Gardelle
Gardelle is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Camille Gardelle (1866–1947), French architect

Robert Gardelle (1682–1766), Swiss artist

Théodore Gardelle (1722–1761), Swiss painter and enameler

Yvonne Gardelle (1897–1979), American actress and artist's model

Théodore Gardelle
Théodore Gardelle (30 November 1722 – 4 April 1761) was a painter and enameller.

He was born in Geneva, then in the independent Republic of Geneva, where he studied portrait miniature painting. Having acquired its first rudiments, he went to Paris in 1744. There he gained great proficiency in the art. He lived there studying and painting until 1750. Then he returned to his native place and practised his profession for some years. In 1756, he again went to Paris. In 1760, he went to England, where he was executed in Haymarket, London, for murdering his landlady Anne King.
Olesko Castle
The Olesko Castle (Ukrainian: Олеський замок, romanized: Oles'kyi zamok; Polish: Zamek w Olesku) is located within the borders of  present-day Zolochiv Raion in Ukraine. The first historical records of the castle are in a document dated 1390, when Pope Boniface IX gave Olesko and Tustan to a Catholic bishop of Halych. It is located about seventy-five kilometers from Lviv, the largest city in western Ukraine.

Zolochiv Raion
Zolochiv Raion (Ukrainian: Золочівський район) is a raion (district) in Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Zolochiv. Population: 158,943 (2022 estimate).

It was established in 1939.

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Lviv Oblast was reduced to seven, and the area of Zolochiv Raion was significantly expanded. Two abolished raions, Brody and Busk Raions, were merged into Zolochiv Raion. At the same time, part of Zolochiv Raion was transferred to Lviv Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 68,394 (2020 est.).
William Warren Lowe
William Warren Lowe (12 October 1831 - 18 May 1898) led a volunteer regiment of cavalry from Iowa in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1853. He served as a cavalry officer on the frontier in Texas in 1855–1861. When the Civil War broke out, Lowe fought at First Bull Run. He organized the 5th Iowa Cavalry Regiment and led it at Corinth, at Riggins Hill, the Tullahoma campaign, in Wheeler's October 1863 Raid, the Atlanta campaign, and the Franklin–Nashville Campaign. On several occasions he temporarily led a cavalry brigade and was brevetted brigadier general for war service. He resigned from the army in 1869 and took up civilian pursuits.

Atlanta campaign
The Atlanta campaign was a series of battles fought in the Western Theater of the American Civil War throughout northwest Georgia and the area around Atlanta during the summer of 1864. Union Maj. Gen.  William Tecumseh Sherman invaded Georgia from the vicinity of Chattanooga, Tennessee, beginning in May 1864, opposed by the Confederate general Joseph E. Johnston.

Johnston's Army of Tennessee withdrew toward Atlanta in the face of successive flanking maneuvers by Sherman's group of armies. In July, the Confederate president, Jefferson Davis, replaced Johnston with the more aggressive General John B. Hood, who began challenging the Union Army in a series of costly frontal assaults. Hood's army was eventually besieged in Atlanta and the city fell on September 2, setting the stage for Sherman's March to the Sea and hastening the end of the war.