hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Raitero
Raiteros are drivers who transport groups of low-wage workers to their jobs for a fee. The word is a spanglish neologism derived from ride. It means "someone who makes a living by giving people a ride". Raiteros are most commonly used by immigrant farmworkers and workers at distant factories or warehouses.  The services often are illegal and charge exploitative fees of the workers. In Chicago and in parts of Central New Jersey, raiteros play an expanded role in selecting employees and paying them on behalf of the employer or temp agency.

Spanglish
Spanglish (a blend of the words "Spanish" and "English") is any language variety (such as a contact dialect, hybrid language, pidgin, or creole language) that results from conversationally combining Spanish and English. The term is mostly used in the United States and in Puerto Rico. It refers to a blend of the words and grammar of Spanish and English. More narrowly, Spanglish can specifically mean a variety of Spanish with heavy use of English loanwords.

Since Spanglish may arise independently in different regions with varying degrees of bilingualism, it reflects the locally spoken varieties of English and Spanish. Different forms of Spanglish are not necessarily mutually intelligible.

The term Spanglish was first recorded in 1933. It corresponds to the Spanish terms Espanglish (from Español + English, introduced by the Puerto Rican poet Salvador Tió in the late 1940s), Ingléspañol (from Inglés + Español), and Inglañol (Inglés + Español).
King Street, Waterloo Region
King Street, or Waterloo Regional Road 15, is the major northwest–southeast arterial road in Kitchener, Ontario, as well as Waterloo, Ontario, where it runs north–south. In Waterloo, King Street divides the city into east and west sides, and in Kitchener, it divides the city into north and south sides. At the Conestoga Parkway, in southern Kitchener, King Street becomes the Highway 8 Expressway. King Street "resumes" about four kilometres to the east, where Weber Street is renamed to King Street and then continues to Cambridge, Ontario.

Kitchener, Ontario
Kitchener is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario, about 100 km (62 mi) west of Toronto. It is one of three cities that make up the Regional Municipality of Waterloo and is the regional seat. Kitchener was known as Berlin until a 1916 referendum changed its name. The city covers an area of 136.86 km2, and had a population of 256,885 at the time of the 2021 Canadian census.

The Regional Municipality of Waterloo has 673,910 people as of year-end 2023, making it the 10th-largest census metropolitan area (CMA) in Canada and the fourth-largest CMA in Ontario. Kitchener and Waterloo are considered "twin cities", which are often referred to jointly as "Kitchener–Waterloo" (K–W), although they have separate municipal governments.
Oxyptilini
Oxyptilini is a tribe within the subfamily Pterophorinae of the plume moths or Pterophoridae. The monophyly of this group was established in a 2011 phylogenetic study.  A key to distinguish the genera within this tribe was published in 2010.

Pterophoridae
The Pterophoridae or plume moths are a family of Lepidoptera with unusually modified wings, giving them the shape of a narrow winged airplane. Though they belong to the Apoditrysia like the larger moths and the butterflies, unlike these they are tiny and were formerly included among the assemblage called "microlepidoptera".
The Hundred Pipers
"The Hundred Pipers" is a Scottish song and jig attributed to Carolina Nairne, Lady Nairne and popularised from 1852 onwards. It takes as its themes events during and after the Jacobite Rising of 1745.

Jig
The jig (Irish: port, Scottish Gaelic: port-cruinn) is a form of lively folk dance in compound metre, as well as the accompanying dance tune. It first gained popularity across the British Isles in the 16th-century, and was adopted on mainland Europe where it eventually became the final movement of the mature Baroque dance suite (the French gigue; Italian and Spanish giga). Today it is most associated with Irish dance music, Scottish country dance, French Canadian traditional music and dance and the Métis people in Canada. Jigs were originally in quadruple compound metre, (e.g., 128 time), but have been adapted to a variety of time signatures, by which they are often classified into groups, including double jigs (68), slip jigs (98) and single jigs (128).
Little Yaquina River
The Little Yaquina River is a minor tributary of the Yaquina River in Benton and Lincoln counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. It begins in the Central Oregon Coast Range on the eastern side of the border between the two counties but crosses immediately west into Lincoln County through which it flows generally south to meet the main stem near Hamar Lake, north of Nashville. The Little Yaquina has one named tributary, Cedar Creek, which enters from the right.

Hamar Lake, along the Little Yaquina, covers 4.3 acres (1.7 ha) and has a shoreline of about 0.4 miles (0.6 km).

Nashville, Oregon
Nashville is an unincorporated community in Lincoln County, Oregon, United States. Its post office opened in 1888 and closed in 1978 and is now served by the Blodgett, Oregon, 97326 post office. It was founded by Wallis Nash, who came from England to settle in Oregon in 1879. He died in Nashville in 1926.
Caenides soritia
Caenides soritia, the well-spotted recluse, is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Bioko, Gabon and possibly Malawi. The habitat consists of forests.

The larvae feed on Elaeis guineensis and Zingiber species.

Bioko
Bioko (/biːˈoʊkoʊ/; Spanish: [biˈoko] ⓘ; Bube: Ëtulá a Ëri; historically known as Fernando Pó, European Portuguese pronunciation: [fɨɾˈnɐ̃.dʊ ˈpɔ]) is an island of Equatorial Guinea. It is located 32 km (20 mi) south of the coast of Cameroon, and 160 km (99 mi) northwest of the northernmost part of mainland Equatorial Guinea. Malabo, on the north coast of the island, is the former capital city of Equatorial Guinea. Bioko's population was 335,048 at the 2015 census and it covers an area of 2,017 km2 (779 sq mi), making it the fourth largest island in Africa (after Madagascar, Socotra and Tenerife). The island is part of the Cameroon line of volcanoes and is located off the Cameroon coast, in the Bight of Biafra portion of the Gulf of Guinea. Its geology is volcanic; its highest peak is Pico Basile at 3,012 m (9,882 ft).
William Lee (1801–1881)
William Lee (23 August 1801 – 29 September 1881) was an English cement merchant and Whig and later Liberal politician who sat in the House of Commons in two periods between 1853 and 1870.

Lee was the son of Henry Lee of Camp's Hill, Lewisham. He was a partner of the firm of Lee, Son and Co., lime and cement merchants of London and Rochester, Kent. He was director of the Millwall Freehold Land and Docks Co., the Metropolitan Railway, and the Victoria Station & Pimlico Railway. He was a Deputy Lieutenant and J.P. for Kent.

In 1852, Lee stood unsuccessfully for parliament at Maidstone. He was elected Member of Parliament for Maidstone in a by-election in 1853 but lost the seat in 1857. He was re-elected for Maidstone in 1859 and held the seat until 1870.

Lewisham
Lewisham (/ˈluːɪʃəm/ ⓘ LOO-ish-əm) is an area of southeast London, England, six miles (ten kilometres) south of Charing Cross. It is the principal area of the London Borough of Lewisham, and was within the historic county of Kent until 1889. It is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London, with a large shopping centre and street market. Lewisham had a population of 60,573 in 2011.
Eastern Arabic numerals
The Eastern Arabic numerals, also called Indo-Arabic numerals, or Arabic-Indic numerals, as known by Unicode, are the symbols used to represent numerical digits in conjunction with the Arabic alphabet in the countries of the Mashriq (the east of the Arab world) and the Arabian Peninsula, and the variants in other countries that use the Persian numerals on the Iranian plateau and in Asia.

The early Hindu–Arabic numeral system used a variety of shapes. It is unknown when the Western Arabic numeral shapes diverged from those of Eastern Arabic numerals; it is considered that 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 9 are related in both versions, but 6, 7 and 8 are from different sources.

Mashriq
The Mashriq (/məˈʃriːk/; Arabic: ْاَلْمَشْرِق, romanized: al-Mashriq, lit. 'the east'), also known as the Arab Mashriq (Arabic: اَلْمَشْرِقُ الْعَرَبِيُّ, romanized: al-Mashriq al-ʿArabi, lit. 'the Arab east'), sometimes spelled Mashreq or Mashrek, is the eastern part of the Arab world, as opposed to the Maghreb (western region), located in West Asia and eastern North Africa. It is the Arabic equivalent for the term Middle East. Poetically the "Place of Sunrise", the name is derived from the verb sharaqa (َشَرَق, "to shine, illuminate, radiate" and "to rise"), from the sh-r-q root (ش-ر-ق), referring to the east, where the sun rises.

The region includes the Arab-majority states of Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
Żabojady
Żabojady [ʐabɔˈjadɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dubeninki, within Gołdap County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north-east of Dubeninki, 20 km (12 mi) east of Gołdap, and 151 km (94 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Gołdap County
Gołdap County (Polish: powiat gołdapski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland, on the border with Russia. Its administrative seat and only town is Gołdap, which lies 133 kilometres (83 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

When powiats were re-introduced in the Polish local government reforms of 1999, the present Gołdap and Olecko Counties made up a single entity (called powiat olecko-gołdapski or Olecko-Gołdap County). This was divided into two in 2002.

The county covers an area of 771.93 square kilometres (298.0 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 26,825, out of which the population of Gołdap is 13,716 and the rural population is 13,109.
2011 IPC Athletics World Championships – Women's marathon
The women's marathon at the 2011 IPC Athletics World Championships was held in the streets of Christchurch, New Zealand on 30 January.

British athlete Shelly Woods, on January 29, pulled out of the marathon for safety reasons, as the roads around the circuit would not be closed to traffic.

Classification T54 event.

Shelly Woods
Rochelle "Shelly" Woods (born 4 June 1986) is an elite British Paralympic athlete from the suburb of Layton in Blackpool, Lancashire. Woods is a T54 athlete who competes as a wheelchair racer in medium and long-distance events. She has competed in two Paralympic Games, Beijing in 2008 and London in 2012, where she won three medals. She is also a world-class marathon athlete, winning the women's elite wheelchair race at the 2007 and 2012 London Marathon.
Myrna McKay
Myrna Jean McKay (born January 12, 1949, in Kerrobert, Saskatchewan; died May 30, 2018, in Crossfield, Alberta) was a Canadian curler.

She was a 1981 World women's silver medallist and 1981 Scott Tournament of Hearts champion.

McKay grew up in Red Deer Lake and Calgary, and later moved to Crossfield. In addition to her success in curling, she won a silver medal in fast-pitch as part of team Alberta at the 1969 Canada Summer Games.

Red Deer Lake (Alberta)
Red Deer Lake is a fresh water alkaline lake situated near Bashaw in central Alberta, Canada.

The 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) long lake is located northwest of the junction of Highway 21 and Highway 53. In descending order of surface area, it straddles the boundaries of Ponoka County, Camrose County, and the County of Wetaskiwin No. 10. The lake is drained through a series of marshes into the Battle River.

The lake has been steadily dropping since 1974 when it was 771.5 m to the 2018 level of 768.6 m, on average 7 cm per year. The cause of the drop is a mystery but losses to groundwater is suspected.
Ailsa Craig (South Orkney Islands)
Ailsa Craig is a precipitous island 1 mile (2 km) south of Point Rae, off the south coast of Laurie Island in the South Orkney Islands. Charted in 1903 by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition under William Speirs Bruce, who named it for the island in the Firth of Clyde in Scotland.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Ailsa Craig". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
60°47′S 44°37′W﻿ / ﻿60.783°S 44.617°W﻿ / -60.783; -44.617

Point Rae
Point Rae (60°46′S 44°37′W﻿ / ﻿60.767°S 44.617°W﻿ / -60.767; -44.617) is a point marking the northeast side of the entrance to Scotia Bay on the south coast of Laurie Island, in the South Orkney Islands. It was charted in 1903 by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition under Bruce, who named it for John Rae, Scottish Arctic explorer and member of the Sir John Richardson expedition of 1854, which discovered the fate of the Sir John Franklin Arctic expedition of 1847.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Point Rae". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
Bhaleshwor Mahadev
Bhaleshwor Mahadev (Nepali: भालेश्वर महादेव) is a Hindu temple located in Chandragiri hill in south-west side of Kathmandu Valley. It is dedicated to Lord Shiva. It is located at the altitude of 2551 meters above sea level. The temple was built by Chandragiri Hills on the historic and religious site. The temple was designed by the architect Shankar Nath Rimal. The temple is connected to the Kathmandu valley by a cable car.

Chandragiri Hill (Nepal)
Chandragiri Hill (Nepali: चन्द्रागिरी) is a hill in Nepal on the south-west side of the Kathmandu Valley. Its peak is 2551 metres above sea level. It is seven kilometres from Thankot and sixteen kilometers from Kathmandu. The Himalayas are visible from the hill, which make it attractive for tourism. There is a cable car system to reach the temple of Bhaleshwor Mahadev on the top of the hill. Chandragiri is where Prithivi Narayan Shah decided to annex the cities of the valley.
Ben Mbala
Benoit Mbala (born July 13, 1995) is a Cameroonian professional basketball player for Champagne Basket of the LNB Pro B. He played college basketball in the Philippines, playing for the SWU Cobras of the Cebu Schools Athletic Foundation, Inc. (CESAFI) and the De La Salle Green Archers of the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP).

Champagne Basket
Champagne Basket is a French professional basketball club that is based in both the cities of Reims and Châlons-en-Champagne. The club was established in 2010 as part of the union between the old clubs of Reims Champagne Basket club (RCB) and the ESPE Basket Pro club of Châlons-en-Champagne. Since 2022, the team plays in the LNB Pro B, the second tier division of French basketball.
Kirov Air Enterprise
Kirov Airline was an airline based in Kirov, Russia. It operated regional scheduled and charter passenger services within Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States. Its main base was Kirov Pobedilovo Airport. Its license was revoked on 30 March 2012.

Pobedilovo Airport
Pobedilovo Airport (Russian: Аэропорт Победилово) (IATA: KVX, ICAO: USKK) is an airport in Russia located 22 km southwest of Kirov. It serves regional flights in Russia. It has the status of an airport of federal significance.
Kawira Mwangaza
Kawira Mwangaza is a Kenyan politician, who served as the Governor of Meru County from August 2022 until 14th March, 2025 when her impeachment case was upheld by the High Court of Kenya. Previously she served as the Women's Representative for Meru County in the 12th Parliament of Kenya. She was the 3rd Governor of Meru County from August 2022 to 21 August, 2024. She was impeached by the MCAs on 21 August, 2024 despite a spirited attempt by her legal team to convince the Senate of Kenya of her innocence in light of the multiple allegations of abuse of office and incompetence against her.The High Court of Kenya upheld Kawira Mwangaza's impeachment on 15th March, 2025 and Her deputy, Isaac Mutuma was sworn in as the 4th Governor of Meru County on 17th March, 2025.

Senate of Kenya
The Senate of the Republic of Kenya (swahili: Seneti ya Jamhuri ya Kenya) is one of the two Houses of the Parliament of Kenya, along with the National Assembly.  The Senate was first established as part of Kenya's 1963 Constitution.

After being abolished in 1966, the Senate was re-established by Article 93 of the new 2010 Constitution to represent counties' interests as well as pass legislation concerning counties.
Snout–vent length
Snout–vent length (SVL) is a morphometric measurement taken in herpetology from the tip of the snout to the most posterior opening of the cloacal slit (vent). It is the most common measurement taken in herpetology, being used for all amphibians, lepidosaurs,  and crocodilians (for turtles, carapace length (CL) and plastral length (PL) are used instead). The SVL differs depending on whether the animal is struggling or relaxed (if alive), or various other factors if it is a preserved specimen. For fossils, an osteological correlate such as precaudal length must be used.  When combined with weight and body condition, SVL can help deduce age and sex.

Cloaca
A cloaca (/kloʊˈeɪkə/ ⓘ kloh-AY-kə), pl.: cloacae (/kloʊˈeɪsi/ kloh-AY-see or /kloʊˈeɪki/ kloh-AY-kee), or vent, is the rear orifice that serves as the only opening for the digestive (rectum), reproductive, and urinary tracts (if present) of many vertebrate animals. All amphibians, reptiles, birds, cartilaginous fish and a few mammals (monotremes, afrosoricids, and marsupial moles) have this orifice, from which they excrete both urine and feces; this is in contrast to most placental mammals, which have separate orifices for evacuation and reproduction. Excretory openings with analogous purpose in some invertebrates are also sometimes called cloacae. Mating through the cloaca is called cloacal copulation and cloacal kissing.

The cloacal region is also often associated with a secretory organ, the cloacal gland, which has been implicated in the scent-marking behavior of some reptiles, marsupials, amphibians, and monotremes.
Artin's criterion
In mathematics, Artin's criteria are a collection of related necessary and sufficient conditions on deformation functors which prove the representability of these functors as either algebraic spaces or as algebraic stacks. In particular, these conditions are used in the construction of the moduli stack of elliptic curves and the construction of the moduli stack of pointed curves.

Moduli of algebraic curves
In algebraic geometry, a moduli space of (algebraic) curves  is a geometric space (typically a scheme or an algebraic stack) whose points represent isomorphism classes of algebraic curves.  It is thus a special case of a moduli space. Depending on the restrictions applied to the classes of algebraic curves considered, the corresponding moduli problem and the moduli space is different. One also distinguishes between  fine and coarse moduli spaces for the same moduli problem.

The most basic problem is that of moduli of smooth complete curves of a fixed genus. Over the field of complex numbers these correspond precisely to compact Riemann surfaces of the given genus, for which Bernhard Riemann proved the first results about moduli spaces, in particular their dimensions ("number of parameters on which the complex structure depends").
Rockman & Forte Mirai kara no Chōsensha
Rockman & Forte Mirai kara no Chōsensha (ロックマン&フォルテ 未来からの挑戦者, Rokkuman ando Forute: Mirai kara no Chōsensha; lit. "Rockman & Forte: Challenger from the Future") is a video game published by Bandai and licensed by Capcom for the WonderSwan handheld system. The game was only released in Japan and is a part of the Classic Rockman series.

Bandai
Bandai Co., Ltd. is a Japanese multinational toy manufacturer and distributor headquartered in Taitō, Tokyo, including many international branches around the world. Since 2005, Bandai is the toy production division of Bandai Namco Holdings, which, in 2017, was the world's second largest toy company measured by total revenue. Between 1981 and 2001, Bandai was a manufacturer of video game consoles.

Bandai was founded by World War II veteran Naoharu Yamashina as Bandai-Ya on July 5, 1950, as the corporate spin-off of a textile wholesaler. The company began as a distributor of metallic toys and rubber swimming rings, before moving to metal cars and aircraft models. It was renamed Bandai Co., Ltd. in 1961 and achieved considerable success with its action figures based on the anime Astro Boy.
Confession of judgment
Confession of judgment is a legal term that refers to a type of contract (or a clause with such a provision) in which a party agrees to let the other party enter a judgment against them. Such contracts are highly controversial and may be invalidated as a violation of due process by courts, since the obligor is essentially contracting away his right to raise any legitimate defenses.

Outline of law
The following outline is provided as an overview of and introduction to law:

Law is the set of rules and principles (laws) by which a society is governed, through enforcement by governmental authorities.  Law is also the field that concerns the creation and administration of laws, and includes any and all legal systems.
La même
"La même" is a song recorded by Congolese singer and rapper Maître Gims in collaboration with Vianney released in 2018. The song has peaked at number one on the French Singles Chart as well on the Belgian charts.

A version entitled "Lo mismo" was also recorded, with Alvaro Soler replacing Vianney on the track and singing his portions in Spanish instead of French.

SNEP
SNEP (French: Syndicat national de l'édition phonographique, in English National Syndicate of Phonographic Publishing) is the inter-professional organisation that protects the interests of the French record industry. Originally known under the acronym SNICOP, the organisation was established in 1922 and has 48 member companies.

SNEP's responsibilities include collecting and distributing royalty payments for broadcast and performance, preventing copyright infringement of its members' works (including music piracy), and sales certification of silver, gold, platinum and diamond records and videos. SNEP also compiles weekly official charts of France's top-selling music, including singles and albums.
Fundamental theorem of linear programming
In mathematical optimization, the fundamental theorem of linear programming states, in a weak formulation, that the maxima and minima of a linear function over a convex polygonal region occur at the region's corners. Further, if an extreme value occurs at two corners, then it must also occur everywhere on the line segment between them.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.