hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Humphrey Senhouse (politician)
Humphrey Senhouse (1731–1814) was a British Tory politician from a Cumberland family.

He was the eldest son of Humphrey Senhouse (1705–1770), a landowner and High Sheriff who had founded the port of Maryport, and the heiress Mary, daughter of Sir George Fleming, Bt, Bishop of Carlisle.

Humphrey junior was elected at a by-election in 1786 as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Cockermouth, which was generally regarded as a pocket borough.
He held that seat until the 1790 general election, when he was returned as an MP for Cumberland. He did not contest the seat at the 1796 general election

He had married in 1768 Catherine, the daughter of Thomas Wood, of Beadnell, Northumberland; they had one surviving child, another Humphrey.

Bishop of Carlisle
The Bishop of Carlisle is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Carlisle in the Province of York.

The diocese covers the county of Cumbria except for Alston Moor and the former Sedbergh Rural District.  The see is in the city of Carlisle where the seat is located at the Cathedral Church of the Holy and Undivided Trinity which was a collegiate church until elevated to cathedral status in 1133.

The diocese was created in 1133 by Henry I out of part of the Diocese of Durham. It was extended in 1856 taking over part of the Diocese of Chester. The residence of the bishop was Rose Castle, Dalston, until 2009. The bishop now resides at Bishop's House, Keswick.

The current bishop is Rob Saner-Haigh, who was translated from Penrith on 1 September 2025 — the confirmation of his election.
Sievert Allen Rohwer
Sievert Allen Rohwer (22 December 1887 in Telluride – 12 February 1951) was an American entomologist who specialized in Hymenoptera. He was a graduate of the University of Colorado. At the time of his death, Rohwer was serving as the Coordinator Defense Activities for the Agricultural Research Administration within the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Rohwer worked for the USDA from 1909 until his death.

Rohwer wrote Technical papers on miscellaneous forest insects. II. The genotypes of the sawflies or woodwasps, or the superfamily Tenthredinoidea. Technical series US Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Washington, DC 20: 69–109 (1911) and many papers describing new species of Hymenoptera. His collection is held by the Smithsonian Institution Washington D. C.

His zoological author abbreviations is Rohwer.

Hymenoptera
Hymenoptera is a large order of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. Over 150,000 living species of Hymenoptera have been described, in addition to over 2,000 extinct ones. Many of the species are parasitic. Females typically have a special ovipositor for inserting eggs into hosts or places that are otherwise inaccessible. This ovipositor is often modified into a stinger. The young develop through holometabolism (complete metamorphosis)—that is, they have a wormlike larval stage and an inactive pupal stage before they reach adulthood.
Jens Lind (botanist)
Jens Wilhelm August Lind (1 March 1874 in Nykøbing Mors – 4 October 1939 in Viborg) was a Danish apothecary, botanist and mycologist. He was a pupil of Emil Rostrup and published a full account of all fungi collected in Denmark by Rostrup. These were mainly microfungi, such as plant pathogens. He also wrote accounts on microfungi from Greenland and elsewhere, mainly based on collections made by other persons on expeditions, e.g. Gjøa expedition
 and the Second Thule Expedition.
Combining his pharmaceutical and mycological knowledge, he was early in experimenting on chemical control of plant pathogens and recommending it to other practitioners.
He also - together with Knud Jessen - wrote an account on the immigration history of weeds to Denmark.

Example of a species named by Lind: Triposporium myrti, now known as Tripospermum myrti (Capnodiaceae).

Capnodiaceae
The Capnodiaceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota, class Dothideomycetes. Species in the family have a widespread distribution, and are especially prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas, as well as temperate rainforests.
Sidney McCrory
Sidney Jackson McCrory (July 27, 1911 – February 27, 1985) was the Louisiana Commissioner of Agriculture and Forestry from 1956 to 1960 during the final term of his political ally, Governor Earl Long. He was also a key organizer in 1960 for the John F. Kennedy/Lyndon B. Johnson ticket, which handily carried Louisiana's then ten electoral votes.

Governor of Louisiana
The governor of Louisiana (French: Gouverneur de la Louisiane; Spanish: Gobernador de Luisiana) is the chief executive  of the U.S. state government of Louisiana. The governor also serves as the commander in chief of the Louisiana National Guard. Republican Jeff Landry has held the office since January 8, 2024.
IBM System/360 Model 25
The IBM System/360 Model 25 is a low-end member of the IBM System/360 family. It was announced on January 3, 1968, 3 years before the IBM System/360 Model 22,
as a "bridge between its old and new computing systems".

DOS/360 and successors
Disk Operating System/360, also DOS/360, or simply DOS, is the discontinued first member of a sequence of operating systems for IBM System/360, System/370 and later mainframes. It was announced by IBM on the last day of 1964, and it was first delivered in June 1966.  In its time, DOS/360 was the most widely used operating system in the world.
Jean Boucher (politician)
Jean Boucher (February 20, 1926 – December 18, 2011) was a Canadian politician and notary. He was born in Laprairie, Quebec. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada as a Member of the Liberal Party in 1953 and re-elected in 1957. He was defeated in 1958 then re-elected in 1962.

1953 Canadian federal election
The 1953 Canadian federal election was held on August 10, 1953, to elect members  of the House of Commons of Canada of the 22nd Parliament of Canada. Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent led his Liberal Party of Canada to its second consecutive majority government, although the party lost seats to the other parties.

The Progressive Conservative Party, led by former Premier of Ontario, George Drew, formed the official opposition, but for the last time until 1993, the party was unable to win the popular vote in any of Canada's provinces or territories.

This was the last election until 1988 in which any party won back-to-back majorities, and the last until 1997 in which the Liberals would accomplish this feat. This election is the last time that the Liberals would win more seats in Alberta than the largest right-of-centre party in Canada, and the last time they would win more seats than the Tories in Alberta until 1993.
Margaret Wilks
Margaret Ann Wilks (born 6 November 1950) is an English former cricketer who played as an all-rounder. She was a left-handed batter and right-arm medium bowler. She played for Young England in the 1973 Women's Cricket World Cup and the full England side in the 1978 Women's Cricket World Cup. She scored 51 runs and took four wickets in her nine One Day Internationals. Her best bowling performance came against India in 1978, when she claimed two wickets and conceded just six runs. She played domestic cricket for West of England.

All-rounder
An all-rounder is a cricketer who regularly performs well at both batting and bowling. Although all bowlers must bat and quite a handful of batsmen do bowl occasionally, most players are skilled in only one of the two disciplines and are considered specialists. Some wicket-keepers have the skills of a specialist batter and have been referred to as all-rounders, but the term wicket-keeper-batter is more commonly applied to them, even if they are substitute wicket keepers who also bowl.
Manish Makhija
Manish Makhija (7 October 1968), sometimes spelled Munish Makhija, is an Indian video jockey who is most known for his characters Udham Singh on Channel V's The Udham Singh Show (1997), and Munna on UTV Bindass's Cash Cab – Meter Chalu Hai.

Haryanvi language
Haryanvi (हरियाणवी or हरयाणवी) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken primarily in the Indian state of Haryana and the territory of Delhi. Haryanvi is considered to be part of the dialect group of Western Hindi, which also includes Khariboli and Braj. It is written in the Devanagari script.

The Rangri dialect of Haryanvi of the Ranghar community is still spoken by Muhajir emigres in the Pakistani provinces of Punjab and Sindh, though it has become extinct within Haryana itself. The dialect is written in the Nastaliq variant of the Perso-Arabic script.
48th Gawad Urian Awards
The 48th Gawad Urian Awards (Filipino: Ika-48 na Gawad Urian) was held on October 11, 2025 at the De La Salle University. Established in 1976, the Gawad Urian Awards highlights the best of Philippine cinema as decided by the Filipino Film Critics. The nominations for most categories are announced on September 5 both at the organization's official website and its official Facebook page. The nominees for Best Documentary and Best Short Film are going to be announced in the last week of September. Leading the pack with eleven nominations is Tumandok, a film from the husband-and-wife team of Arlie Sumagaysay and Richard Salvadico. The film tackles the struggles of the Ati people of Panay.

Notably, Felipe Ganancial wins a posthumous Best Supporting Actor title for his role as an elder and chieftain in Tumandok. Ganancial has died on May 13, 2025.

Ati people
The Ati are a Negrito ethnic group and indigenous peoples in the Visayan Islands of the Philippines. Their small numbers are principally concentrated on the islands of Boracay, Panay and Negros. They are genetically related to other Negrito ethnic groups in the Philippines such as the Aeta of Luzon, the Batak of Palawan, the Agta of the Sierra Madres, and the Mamanwa of Mindanao.
Embassy of China, Tokyo
The Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Japan (Chinese: 中华人民共和国驻日本大使馆; Japanese: 駐日中華人民共和国大使館) is the official diplomatic mission of the People's Republic of China to Japan. The current ambassador is Wu Jianghao.

Wu Jianghao
Wu Jianghao (Chinese: 吴江浩; born September 1963) is a Chinese politician and diplomat who is currently serving as the Chinese Ambassador to Japan since March 22, 2023. He previously served as the Assistant Minister of Foreign Affairs (2020–2023), director general of the Department of Asian Affairs (2017–2020) and Chinese Ambassador to Sri Lanka (2012–2015).
Nendo whistler
The Nendo whistler (Pachycephala ornata) is a passerine bird in the family Pachycephalidae. It is endemic to Nendö, as well as the Reef and Duff islands in the Santa Cruz Islands of the western Pacific Ocean. It was formerly treated as a subspecies of the Vanikoro whistler. Before the split the combined species were known by the English name "Temotu whistler".

Pachycephalidae
The Pachycephalidae (from Ancient Greek παχύς (pakhús), meaning "thick", and κεφαλή (kephalḗ), meaning "head") are a family of bird species that includes the whistlers, shrikethrushes, and three of the pitohuis, and is part of the ancient Australo-Papuan radiation of songbirds. The family includes 69 species that are separated into five genera. Its members range from small to medium in size, and occupy most of Australasia. Australia and New Guinea are the centre of their diversity and, in the case of the whistlers, the South Pacific islands as far as Tonga and Samoa and parts of Asia as far as India. The exact delimitation of boundaries of the family are uncertain, and one species, the golden whistler, has been the subject of intense taxonomic scrutiny in recent years, with multiple subspecies and species-level revisions.
Faux Hebrew
Faux Hebrew is a Latin script typeface that mimics  the calligraphic curves and large serif of Hebrew characters. The style is used for decorative purposes, such as in artwork, foreign branding advertisements, and antisemitic propaganda, often to evoke themes of Jewishness or represent Israel.

In some cases, actual Hebrew letters are substituted for Latin letters. For example, the alef א is used for X, shin ש is used for W, and samekh ס is used for O.

The first Faux Hebrew typeset was Papirtis Maseltov, created in 1963 by Charles Papirtis.

Samekh
Samekh or samech is the fifteenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician sāmek 𐤎, Hebrew sāmeḵ ס‎, Aramaic samek 𐡎, and Syriac semkaṯ ܣ. Samekh is the only letter of the Semitic abjad that has no surviving descendant in the Arabic alphabet; however, it was present in the Nabataean alphabet, the Arabic alphabet's immediate predecessor, as the letter simkath 𐢖‎, which was related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪏‎‎‎ and South Arabian 𐩯. The numerical value of samekh is 60.

Samekh represents a voiceless alveolar fricative /s/. In the Hebrew language, the samekh ס‎ has the same pronunciation as the left-dotted shin שׂ‎.

In Arabic, samekh is replaced by the letter sīn (س‎, /s/) which is the 15th letter in the common Abjadi order, and the 12th letter in the Hija'i order, it has the same numerical (abjad) value of 60 in the common Abjadi order.
Sandy Creek (Allegheny River tributary)
Sandy Creek  is a tributary of the Allegheny River in Venango, Mercer and Crawford counties in Pennsylvania in the United States.

Sandy Creek is 41.0 miles (66.0 km) long, flows southeast 24 miles (39 km), then east 16 miles (26 km),  and its watershed is 161 square miles (417 km2) in area.

Crawford County, Pennsylvania
Crawford County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 83,938. Its county seat is Meadville. The county was created on March 12, 1800, from part of Allegheny County and named for Colonel William Crawford. The county is part of the Northwest region of the commonwealth.

Crawford County comprises the Meadville micropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Erie-Meadville combined statistical area.
Afghan Conquest of Kunduz
The Afghan Conquest of Kunduz took place from May to June 1859. The conflict was between the Kunduz Khanate and the Emirate of Afghanistan. The conflict began after Mir Ataliq, the ruler of Kunduz, though nominally under Afghan rule, wished to remain under a degree of high autonomy. Mir Ataliq rejected many of the Afghan demands to re-enter their suzerainty, leading to Afghan forces under Afzal Khan to began mobilizing. The Afghans assembled their forces along the border of Kunduz, with an envoy delivering an ultimatum, which the Mir Ataliq did not respond to. This led to the Afghans invading in May 1859.

The Afghans defeated the armies of Mir Ataliq in battle, forcing his abdication as the Afghans closed in on his capital, with his brother-in-law negotiating a peace settlement that saw the Afghans annex the Kunduz Khanate. Badakhshan was also subjugated under Afghan rule during this conflict.

Andkhoy (city)
Andkhoy (Dari: اندخوی; Pashto: اندخوی ولسوالۍ) is a city in the northern part of Afghanistan, which has a population of about 47,857 people. They include all the major ethnic groups of the country. The city serves as the capital of Andkhoy District in the Faryab Province. It is around 35 kilometres (22 mi) of driving distance southwest from the Aqina–Imamnazar border crossing between Afghanistan and Turkmenistan. There is also a rail station in the city, which was recently opened for import and export purposes with neighboring Turkmenistan. The Sheberghan Airfield in neighboring Jowzjan Province is the closest airport to Andkhoy.
Dauphin (rocket)
The Dauphin is a French sounding rocket, flown six times between 1967 and 1979. It consists of a modification of the first stage of the Dragon with a larger payload nosecone.

The Dauphin has a diameter of 56 centimetres, a launch weight of 1.132 metric tons, a length of 6.21 metres, a takeoff thrust of 90 kN and a ceiling of 150 kilometres.

It belonged to the Stromboli family of solid-propellant including the Belier, the Centaure, and the Dragon, along with the Eridan.

Newton (unit)
The newton (symbol: N) is the unit of force in the International System of Units (SI). Expressed in terms of SI base units, it is 1 kg⋅m/s2, the force that accelerates a mass of one kilogram at one metre per second squared.

The unit is named after Isaac Newton in recognition of his work on classical mechanics, specifically his second law of motion.
Veyyalore Nagar Panchayat
Veyyalore Town Panchayat (Veyyalore Gram Panchayat), is located in Keerapalayam district in Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu. This panchayat falls under Bhuvanagiri Assembly constituency
and Chidambaram Lok Sabha constituency.
This panchayat has a total of 7 panchayat constituencies. 7 Panchayat Council members are elected from these. According to the 2011 India Census, the total population is 2234. Among them 1120 females and 1114 males.

Bhuvanagiri Assembly constituency
Bhuvanagiri is a legislative assembly in Cuddalore district, which includes the city of Bhuvanagiri, Tamil Nadu. It is a part of Chidambaram Lok Sabha constituency. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.
Noel Cazenave
Noel Anthony Cazenave (born October 25, 1948) is a professor of sociology at the University of Connecticut. He generated controversy when he began teaching a "White Racism" course at the University of Connecticut in the 1990s. His initial proposal for the class in fall 1995 led to some of his critics comparing him to Leonard Jeffries and Louis Farrakhan. After heated debate among University of Connecticut faculty members, the class was offered for the first time in 1996. Shirlee Taylor Haizlip found out about the class because of the controversy it had generated, and subsequently spoke to its students as a guest lecturer. He is a member of the American Sociological Association, the Society for the Study of Social Problems, and the Association of Black Sociologists. In 2017, he was a co-organizer of the "Stand Up and Speak Out" campaign, which aims to defend progressive minority professors who have been attacked for their statements on racism.

Shirlee Taylor Haizlip
Shirlee Taylor Haizlip (born 1937) is an American non-fiction author. She has written three  books, The Sweeter the Juice, A Memoir in Black and White, In the Garden of Our Dreams, co-authored with her husband, Harold C. Haizlip, and Finding Grace.
André Glucksmann
André Glucksmann (French: [ɡlyksman]; 19 June 1937 – 10 November 2015) was a French philosopher, activist, and writer. He was a leading figure of the new philosophers. Glucksmann began his career as a Marxist, who went on to reject Marxism–Leninism and real socialism in the popular book La Cuisinière et le Mangeur d'Hommes (1975), and later became an anti-Communist and outspoken critic of the Soviet Union and post-Soviet Russian foreign policy. He was a strong supporter of human rights. In later years, he opposed the claim that Islamic terrorism is the product of the clash of civilizations between Islam and the Western world.

The Brothers Karamazov
The Brothers Karamazov (Russian: Братья Карамазовы, romanized: Brat'ya Karamazovy, IPA: [ˈbratʲjə kərɐˈmazəvɨ]), also translated as The Karamazov Brothers, is the sixteenth and final novel by Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky. Dostoevsky spent nearly two years writing The Brothers Karamazov, which was published as a serial in The Russian Messenger from January 1879 to November 1880. Dostoevsky died less than four months after its publication. It has been acclaimed as one of the supreme achievements in world literature.

Set in 19th-century Russia, The Brothers Karamazov is a passionate philosophical novel that discusses questions of God, free will, and morality. It has also been described as a theological drama dealing with problems of faith, doubt, and reason in the context of a modernizing Russia, with a plot that revolves around the subject of patricide. Dostoevsky composed much of the novel in Staraya Russa, which inspired the main setting.
CSS Georgia
Several ships of the Confederate States Navy have borne the name CSS Georgia, after Georgia:

CSS Georgia (1862),  a screw steamer acquired in 1863, and captured by the Union Navy in 1864

CSS Georgia (1863), an ironclad warship built in 1862 and decommissioned in 1864

CSS Georgia (1863)
CSS Georgia, also known as State of Georgia and Ladies' Ram, was an ironclad warship built in Savannah, Georgia in 1862 during the American Civil War. The Ladies' Gunboat Association raised  $115,000 for her construction to defend the port city of Savannah.
Mertensophryne usambarae
Mertensophryne usambarae (common name: Usambara forest toad) is a critically endangered species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the foothills of the East Usambara Mountains, northeastern Tanzania.

Toad
Toad (also known as a hoptoad) is a common name for certain frogs, especially of the family Bufonidae, that are characterized by dry, leathery skin, short legs, and large bumps covering the parotoid glands.

In popular culture (folk taxonomy), toads are distinguished from frogs by their drier, rougher skin and association with more terrestrial habitats. However, this distinction does not align precisely with scientific taxonomy.
FC Gland
FC Gland, formerly Etoile FC Gland (etoile is the French word for star), or l'Etoile Sportive (French for Sporting star) is a Swiss sports club located in Gland. The club is best known for its football team.

They currently play in the sixth level of the Swiss Football League, in the Association Cantonale Vaudoise de Football (ACVF).

Swiss Football League
The Swiss Football League is the organisation which controls and directs the professional football in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. Founded in 1933 as the National League (in German Nationalliga, in French Ligue Nationale), it assumed its current name in 2003.

It deals with the Super League and Challenge League championships and is therefore made up of 22 clubs.
Cuddy Canyon
Cuddy Canyon is a canyon running along the boundary line between Kern County and Ventura County, California. It lies inside the Los Padres National Forest and southern San Emigdio Mountains.

The canyon includes the Tejon Pass mountain communities of Frazier Park, and Lake of the Woods. For purposes of the census-designated places only, none of the sparsely populated Cuddy Valley that lies within Ventura County are included for the statistics for Frazier Park or Lake of the Woods.

Ventura County, California
Ventura County (/vɛnˈtʊərə/ ⓘ) is a county located in the southern part of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 843,843. The largest city is Oxnard, California, and the county seat is the city of Ventura, California.

Ventura County comprises the Oxnard–Thousand Oaks–Ventura, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the Greater Los Angeles area (Los Angeles–Long Beach, CA Combined Statistical Area). It is also considered the southernmost county along the California Central Coast.

Two of the Channel Islands are part of the county: Anacapa Island, which is the most visited island in Channel Islands National Park, and San Nicolas Island.
For the Lord reigneth
"For the Lord reigneth" (German: "Nun preiset alle Gottes Barmherzigleit") is a German Christian hymn written by Matthäus Apelles von Löwenstern in 1644. It was translated into English in 1863 by Catherine Winkworth.

Catherine Winkworth
Catherine Winkworth (13 September 1827 – 1 July 1878) was an English hymnwriter and educator. She translated the German chorale tradition of church hymns for English speakers, for which she is recognized in the calendar of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. She also worked for wider educational opportunities for girls, and translated biographies of two founders of religious sisterhoods. When 16, Winkworth appears to have coined a once well-known political pun, peccavi, "I have Sindh", relating to the British occupation of Sindh in colonial India.