hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1948 Edmonton by-election
A by-election for the constituency of Edmonton in the United Kingdom House of Commons was held on 13 November 1948, caused by the death of the incumbent Labour MP Evan Durbin. The result was a hold for the Labour Party, with their candidate Austen Albu winning with a significantly reduced majority of 3,327.

Evan Durbin
Evan Frank Mottram Durbin (1 March 1906 – 3 September 1948) was a British economist and Labour Party politician, whose writings combined a belief in central economic planning with a conviction that the price mechanism of markets was indispensable.

Durbin was an influential thinker on economic policy within the Labour Party. Historian David Kynaston described Durbin as "the Labour Party's most interesting thinker of the 1940s and arguably of the twentieth century".
Nadine Opgen-Rhein
Nadine Opgen-Rhein (born 1976) is a German sprint canoer who competed in the early to mid-2000s. She won five medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a gold (K-2 1000 m: 2001 and four silvers (K-2 1000 m: 2002, 2003, 2005; K-4 500 m: 2001).

2002 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 2002 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Seville, Spain.

The men's competition consisted of nine Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Women competed in nine events, all in kayak.

This was the 32nd championships in canoe sprint.
Basilica of San Magno, Legnano
The Basilica of Saint Magnus (Italian: Basilica di San Magno) is the principal church of the Italian town of Legnano, in the province of Milan. It is dedicated to the Saint Magnus, who was Archbishop of Milan from 518 to 530. The church was built from 1504 to 1513 in the Renaissance-style designed by Donato Bramante. The bell tower was added between the years 1752 and 1791. On 18 March 1950, Pope Pius XII named the Basilica of San Magno a minor basilica.

The interior of the basilica church is adorned with numerous first-class examples of Lombard Renaissance artwork. Examples are Gian Giacomo Lampugnani's frescoes of the main vault, the remains of 16th century paintings by Evangelista Luini, the frescoes of the main chapel by Bernardino Lanini, and the altarpiece by Giampietrino. The item of greatest significance, however, is a polyptych by Bernardino Luini that is widely considered by art historians to be his masterpiece.

Province of Milan
The province of Milan (Italian: provincia di Milano) was a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. Its capital was the city of Milan. The area of the former province is highly urbanized, with more than 2,000 inhabitants/km2, the third-highest population density among Italian provinces, just below the densities of the provinces of Naples and of Monza e Brianza, the latter of which was created in 2004 from the north-eastern part of the province of Milan. On 1 January 2015 the province was replaced by the Metropolitan City of Milan.
Pilsum Lighthouse
Pilsum Lighthouse (German: Pilsumer Leuchtturm) was built in 1891 as a sector light for the Ems‌hörn channel on Germany's North Sea coast. It is located on a dyke near the village of Pilsum in the municipality of Krummhörn. It guided ships through the narrow channel until 1915. During the First World War, its light was extinguished so that enemy ships could not navigate the route. After that, it was no longer needed, because the channel was changed. The height of the structure is 11 metres; the height of the light about sea level is 15 metres. Today, the tower is one of the best-known symbols of East Frisia.

Ems (river)
The Ems (German: Ems [ɛms] ⓘ; Dutch: Eems [eːms] ⓘ) is a river in northwestern Germany. It runs through the states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony, and discharges into the Dollart Bay which is part of the Wadden Sea. Its total length is 362.4 kilometres (225.2 mi). The state border between the Lower Saxon area of East Friesland (Germany) and the province of Groningen (Netherlands), whose exact course was the subject of a border dispute between Germany and the Netherlands (settled in 2014), runs through the Ems estuary.
1997 Ramabai killings
The 1997 Ramabai killings were a mass killing of Dalit residents of the Ramabai Ambedkar Nagar colony in Mumbai on 11 July 1997. A team of State Reserve Police Force members fired upon a crowd protesting the recent desecration of a statue of Constitution maker B. R. Ambedkar. 10 Dalits were killed and 26 injured in the incident.

The statue of Ambedkar was defaced with a garland of shoes which angered the Dalits. The Dalits took to the street and the police opened fire killing 10 Dalits. Police officer Manohar Kadam, who allegedly ordered the firing, was released on bail in 2009.

Maharashtra Police
Maharashtra Police (IAST: Mahārāṣṭra Polīs Sēvā, formerly Bombay State Police) is the law enforcement agency responsible for the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is headed by Director General of Police, Sadanand Date (IPS), and headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra.

It is one of the largest police departments in the country, having about 36 district police units in the state. The Maharashtra Police Department has a strength of nearly 1.95 lakh. It also has 15,000 women in its force.
Kalonymus Kalman Shapira
Kalonimus Kalman Szapiro (English: Kalonymus Kalman Shapira or Klonimus Kalmish Szapiro) (20 May 1889 – 3 November 1943) was the Grand Rabbi of Piaseczno, Poland, who authored a number of works and was murdered by the Nazis during the Holocaust. He is best remembered for a series of homilies on parshah (weekly Torah portions) that were delivered almost every Shabbat during the time he spent with his students in the Warsaw ghetto between the years 1939 and 1942. Shortly after the final entry in this series of meditations, the entire community in the ghetto (between 80-90% of the population) was sent to the gas chambers in Treblinka. This work is collected under the title Esh Kodesh (often translated 'Holy Fire').

Weekly Torah portion
The weekly Torah portion refers to a lectionary custom in Judaism in which a portion of the Torah (or Pentateuch) is read during Jewish prayer services on Monday, Thursday, and Saturday. The full name, Parashat HaShavua (Hebrew: פָּרָשַׁת הַשָּׁבוּעַ), is popularly abbreviated to parashah (also parshah /pɑːrʃə/ or parsha), and is also known as a Sidra or Sedra /sɛdrə/. The parashah is a section of the Torah used in Jewish liturgy during a particular week. There are 54 parshas, or parashiyot in Hebrew, and the full cycle is read over the course of one Biblical year.
Force of the Right
Force of the Right (Romanian: Forța Dreptei, FD), sometimes translated as Right's Force or Right Force, is a liberal-conservative political party in Romania founded in December 2021 by Ludovic Orban, former National Liberal Party (PNL) president and former prime minister of Romania between 2019 and 2020, in opposition to the current leadership of the PNL which is currently led by Ilie Bolojan.

Prime Minister of Romania
The prime minister of Romania (Romanian: Prim-ministrul României), officially the prime minister of the Government of Romania (Romanian: Prim-ministrul Guvernului României), is the head of the Government of Romania. Initially, the office was styled President of the Council of Ministers (Romanian: Președintele Consiliului de Miniștri), when the term "Government" included more than the Cabinet, and the Cabinet was called the Council of Ministers (Romanian: Consiliul de Miniștri). The title was officially changed to Prime Minister by the 1965 Constitution of Romania during the communist regime.
James E. Atwater
James E. Atwater (born September 22, 1946) is a retired North American multidisciplinary physical scientist with training in geophysics, chemistry, and biological science. Atwater holds courtesy faculty appointments with the University of Oregon Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,  and the School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering at Oregon State University On ResearchGate he has accumulated a score for Research Interest of 385.8 with a total of 674 citations of his peer-reviewed publications, as of June 8, 2022. He was awarded the Wright Brothers Medal for his work on microwave-powered methods for microbial stabilization and water recovery from solid waste. Atwater served in the United States Marine Corps (1963–1967) prior to attending the University of Utah (1968–1975) and University at Albany (1975).

University at Albany, SUNY
The State University of New York at Albany (also known as University at Albany, UAlbany, or SUNY Albany) is a public research university in Albany, New York, United States. Founded in 1844, it is one of four "university centers" of the State University of New York (SUNY) system. In 2024, the university enrolled 17,567 students in nine schools and colleges, which offer over 50 undergraduate majors and over 150 graduate degree programs. Portions of the campus extend into Guilderland, and the health sciences campus is located in neighboring Rensselaer, New York. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research spending and doctorate production". The research enterprise totaled expenditures of $115 million in fiscal year 2021 and was focused in four areas: social science, public law and policy, life sciences and atmospheric sciences. UAlbany is home to the New York State Writers Institute.
2000 Rose Bowl
The 2000 Rose Bowl was a college football bowl game played on January 1, 2000. It was the 86th Rose Bowl game and was played on January 1, 2000 at the Rose Bowl Stadium in Pasadena, California. The game featured the Wisconsin Badgers defeating the Stanford Cardinal by a score of 17–9. Ron Dayne, the Wisconsin running back, was named the Rose Bowl Player of the Game for the second consecutive year.

Brooks Bollinger
Brooks Michael Bollinger (born November 15, 1979) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback in the National Football League (NFL) for the New York Jets, Minnesota Vikings, Dallas Cowboys and Detroit Lions.  He was also a member of the Florida Tuskers in the United Football League (UFL). He played college football for the Wisconsin Badgers.
Uncontrolled Substance
Uncontrolled Substance is the debut solo album by American rapper and Wu-Tang Clan member Inspectah Deck. The album was released on October 5, 1999, under Loud Records. Originally slated for release in 1995, the record was postponed after a flood destroyed over 100 beats in RZA's basement, including his original productions for the album. Eventually released four years later, Uncontrolled Substance received mostly positive reviews, and is Inspectah Deck's most critically acclaimed and most commercially successful album to date. The album features Wu-Tang Clan members U-God and Masta Killa, and appearances from lesser-known affiliates Street Life, Killa Sin, and La the Darkman. A music video was made for the songs "Word on the Street" directed by Gregory Dark & "Show 'N' Prove" directed by Joseph Kahn. The album's liner notes state that it is dedicated to Inspectah Deck's late father, Frank Hunter.

Joseph Kahn (director)
Joseph Kahn (born Ahn Jun-hee, Korean: 안준희; October 12, 1972) is a South Korean-born American director known for his music videos. Kahn has worked with various artists such as Taylor Swift, Britney Spears, Garbage, Eminem, Backstreet Boys, Imagine Dragons, Lady Gaga, Rob Thomas, Snoop Dogg, Chris Brown, Kelly Clarkson, Ava Max, Mariah Carey and Destiny's Child.
Lapa, Lisbon
Lapa is a former parish (freguesia) in the municipality of Lisbon, Portugal. It has a total area of 0.72 km2 and total population of 8,671 inhabitants (2001); density: 12,026.4 inhabitants/km2. At the administrative reorganization of Lisbon on 8 December 2012 it became part of the parish Estrela.

It was created on February 11, 1770, by the Cardinal patriarch of Lisbon Francisco de Saldanha da Gama.

This parish of Lisbon concentrates a large number of embassies of foreign countries in Portugal, in particular, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Finland, Indonesia, Ireland, Luxembourg, Sovereign Military Order of Malta, Netherlands, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

It is also the site of the Assembly of the Republic and the official residence of the prime minister of Portugal.

Patriarchate of Lisbon
The Metropolitan Patriarchate of Lisbon (Latin: Patriarchatus Metropolitæ Olisiponensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or patriarchal archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Lisbon, the capital of Portugal.

Its archiepiscopal see is the Patriarchal Cathedral of St. Mary Major, in Lisbon. The patriarchate also has three minor basilicas: the Basilica of Our Lady of the Martyrs and Basilica of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus in Estrela, both in Lisbon; the Basilica of Our Lady and St. Anthony in Mafra; and two World Heritage Site monasteries: the Monastery of the Hieronymites, in Lisbon, and the Monastery of Saint Mary of Alcobaça, in Alcobaça.
Alan Noel Latimer Munby
Alan Noel Latimer Munby (25 December 1913 – 26 December 1974) was an English librarian, bibliographical scholar and book collector. He is also remembered as the author of a volume of ghost stories written in the tradition of M. R. James.

Bibliography
Bibliography (from Ancient Greek: βιβλίον, romanized: biblion, lit. 'book' and -γραφία, -graphía, 'writing'), as a discipline, is traditionally the academic study of books as physical, cultural objects; in this sense, it is also known as bibliology (from Ancient Greek: -λογία, romanized: -logía). English author and bibliographer John Carter describes bibliography as a word having two senses: one, a list of books for further study or of works consulted by an author (or enumerative bibliography); the other one, applicable for collectors, is "the study of books as physical objects" and "the systematic description of books as objects" (or descriptive bibliography).
Wu Chin-jing
Wu Chin-jing (born 15 May 1958) is a Taiwanese sprint hurdler. He competed in the men's 4 × 100 metres relay at the 1988 Summer Olympics. He won the gold medal at the 1983 Asian Championships. He also competed at the 1983 and 1987 World Championships without reaching the final.

Athletics at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 100 metres relay
These are the official results of the 4 × 100 metres relay event at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. There were a total number of 29 nations competing.

U.S. team who was defending the gold medal won in Los Angeles was favored to win the event, but fumbled an exchange in a heat and was disqualified.

A French team, including three members of the bronze medal-winning team here, would claim the world record two years later.
Anajapygidae
The Anajapygidae are a small family of diplurans. They can be distinguished by their relatively short, stout cerci, which discharge abdominal secretions. Unlike most diplurans, which are largely predatory, these are scavengers.

Cercus
Cerci (sg.: cercus) are paired appendages usually on the rear-most segments of many arthropods, including insects and symphylans. Many forms of cerci serve as sensory organs, but some serve as pinching weapons or as organs of copulation. In many insects, they simply may be functionless vestigial structures.

In basal arthropods, such as silverfish, the cerci originate from the eleventh abdominal segment. As segment eleven is reduced or absent in the majority of arthropods, in such cases, the cerci emerge from the tenth abdominal segment. It is not clear that other structures so named are homologous. In the Symphyla they are associated with spinnerets.
Carri Hicks
Carri Hicks is an American politician who has served in the Oklahoma Senate from the 40th district since 2018.

Prior to running for political office, Hicks was an elementary schoolteacher. She defeated business consultant Danielle Ezell in the Democratic Party primary held in June 2018, then won the general election against Republican candidate Joe Howell and political independent Christopher Hensley. Hicks was sworn into office on November 14, 2018.

Oklahoma Senate
The Oklahoma Senate is the upper house of the two houses of the Legislature of Oklahoma, the other being the Oklahoma House of Representatives. The total number of senators is set at 48 by the Oklahoma Constitution.

Senators approve or reject gubernatorial appointments, and contribute to the creation of both state law and an annual state budget. Every ten years, they aid in drawing new boundaries for Oklahoma's electoral districts. The Oklahoma Senate also serves as a court of impeachment.

The presiding officer of the Senate is the lieutenant governor of Oklahoma, who is the president of the Senate. Since the 1960s, the president pro tempore of the Senate has presided over daily work. Prior to that time, the president of the Senate took a leading role in the Senate, including appointing committees and members to those committees. The president of the Senate may cast a vote only in the instance of a tie vote and may not vote to create a tie.
Arthur Downes
Arthur Drummond Downes (23 February 1883, in Kelvinside, Glasgow – 12 September 1956, in Helensburgh) was a Scottish sailor who competed for the Royal Clyde Yacht Club at the 1908 Summer Olympics.

Son of a Kelvinside paper merchant, Downes was qualified in medicine (MA, MBChB) at the University of Glasgow; he practiced first at Glasgow, then at Helensburgh for over forty years.

He was a crew member of the Scottish boat Hera, which won the gold medal in the 12 metre class.

In 1920, Downes married Mary Angela, daughter of merchant James Young of Rockmount, Helensburgh.

Helensburgh
Helensburgh (/ˈhɛlənzbərə/ HEL-ənz-bər-ə; Scottish Gaelic: Baile Eilidh) is a town on the north side of the Firth of Clyde in Scotland, situated at the mouth of the Gareloch. Historically in Dunbartonshire, it became part of Argyll and Bute following local government reorganisation in 1996.
Adolphus Freeland
Sir Adolphus Freeland was an Antigua Labour Party politician and Leeward Islands cricketer, who served as Member of Parliament for St. George from 1976 to 1999. He was born in 1934, and died on 18 January 2014 after a brief illness. Freeland additionally held various portfolios in the Vere Bird administration.

1999 Antiguan general election
General elections were held in Antigua and Barbuda on 9 March 1999. The elections were won by the governing Antigua Labour Party. Lester Bird was re-elected Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda. Voter turnout was 63.6%.

The elections were extremely close, with the UPP losing five seats by a narrow 554 votes in total, and had the elections been free and fair (the government controlled almost all newspapers as well as television and radio stations), the opposition could have won a majority. Opposition leader Baldwin Spencer criticised the conduct and fairness of the elections and began a hunger strike in protest to the flaws in the system. The government responded by establishing the independent Antigua & Barbuda Electoral Commission in 2001.
Student aid
Student aid can refer to:

Purely financial aid provided for students that consists of grants or loans or both, usually called student financial aid

Aid provided for students that consists of more than just purely financial aid, for example work-study programs

Student financial aid (Canada)

Student financial aid (Finland)

Student financial aid (Germany)

Student financial aid (Sweden)

Student financial aid (United States)

Student financial aid
Student financial aid (or student financial support, or student aid) is financial support given to individuals who are furthering their education. Student financial aid can come in a number of forms, including scholarships, grants, student loans, and work study programs. Each of these methods of providing financial support to students has its advantages and drawbacks.

Many countries have some kind of financial aid program for their students. In countries that provide education to all at nominal cost, financial aid may have only a tertiary link to educational status, instead tied to the economic conditions of the family, and financial support for students is primarily indirect. In Belgium, for example, "[t]here is no system of student loans and direct support is only given in the form of means-tested grants to students from low-income families", which constitutes a very limited proportion of students.
Roger Wilmut
Roger Wilmut (born 1942) is a British writer and compiler of books on British comedy. Wilmut attended Warwick School, and began his 'day job' as studio technician for the BBC on leaving school in 1961. Wilmut claims to have drifted into a career as a writer "by accident".
Wilmut's books include The Goon Show Companion, Tony Hancock: Artiste, From Fringe to Flying Circus (a history of Oxbridge comedy in the sixties and seventies) and Didn't You Kill My Mother-in-law (a history of the 1980s alternative comedy movement in the UK).

British comedy
In film, television, theatre, and radio, British comedy has produced some of the most renowned characters in the world. In it, satire is one of the features of British humour. Radio comedy in Britain has been almost exclusively hosted on the BBC.
Raymond Casimir
Raymond Casimir (born 28 October 1976) is a former Dominican cricketer who played for the Windward Islands in West Indian domestic cricket. He played as a left-arm orthodox bowler who batted left-handed.

Casimir appeared for the Rest of Windward Islands team in the 2002–03 Red Stripe Bowl, where Saint Vincent and the Grenadines were competing as a separate team. His first-class debut for the Windwards came almost six years later, against Jamaica in the 2007–08 Carib Beer Cup. Casimir's second and final match for the Windwards came the following season, against Trinidad and Tobago. He also represented Dominica in the 2008 edition of the Stanford 20/20, playing against the British Virgin Islands and Barbados.

British Virgin Islands national cricket team
The British Virgin Islands national cricket team has represented the British overseas territory of the British Virgin Islands in cricket. The team is not a member of the International Cricket Council, but is a member of the Leeward Islands Cricket Association, which itself is a member association of the West Indies Cricket Board, and players from the British Virgin Islands generally represent the Leeward Islands cricket team at domestic level and the West Indies at international level. The British Virgin Islands have however played as a separate entity in matches which held Twenty20 status, but has not appeared in first-class or List A cricket.
Marcel Rohner (bobsledder)
Marcel Rohner (sometimes shown as Marcel Röhner; born 21 June 1964, in Baar, Switzerland) is a Swiss bobsledder who competed in the 1990s. At the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, he won a silver medal in the four-man event with teammates Markus Nüssli, Markus Wasser and Beat Seitz.

Rohner also won two silver medals in the four-man event at the FIBT World Championships, earning them in 1996 and 1999.

In Bobsleigh World Cup, he won the four-man event both in 1996-97 and in 1999-2000, and the combined men's event in 1999-2000.

His son Timo has also represented Switzerland in bobsleigh at the Olympics.

FIBT World Championships 1999
The FIBT World Championships 1999 took place in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy (Bobsleigh) and Altenberg, Germany (Skeleton). Cortina hosted the championships for the ninth time, previously doing so in 1937 (Two-man), 1939 (Four-man), 1950, 1954, 1960, 1966, 1981, and 1989 (Bobsleigh). Altenberg hosted the championship event for the third time, doing so previously in 1991 (Bobsleigh) and 1994 (Skeleton).