hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tadeusz Browicz
Tadeusz Browicz (15 September 1847 – 20 March 1928) was a Polish pathologist born in Lviv.

He studied medicine in Kraków, earning his medical doctorate in 1873. Afterwards he remained at Kraków as an assistant to the pathologist Alfred Biesiadecki (1839–1889), and in 1875 received his habilitation. From 1880 to 1919 he was a full professor of anatomical pathology at the Jagiellonian University, where in 1894–95 he served as its rector.

Browicz made several contributions to medical science. In 1874 he was the first to describe the bacillus that causes typhoid fever, later to be known as Salmonella typhi, and in 1898 was the first to correctly identify the liver's Kupffer cells as specialized macrophages. He also performed important research of jaundice, liver cancer and cardiac muscle disorders. Among his written works was the 1905 publication of a Polish medical dictionary.

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica is a subspecies of Salmonella enterica, the rod-shaped, flagellated, aerobic, Gram-negative bacterium. Many of the pathogenic serovars of the S. enterica species are in this subspecies, including that responsible for typhoid.
Wnuk
Wnuk ("grandson" in Polish) is a Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Edmund Wnuk-Lipiński (1944–2015), Polish sociologist and writer

Lawrence Wnuk (1908–2006), Polish Catholic priest

Marian Wnuk (1906–1967), Polish sculptor

Oliver Wnuk (born 1976), German actor

Rafał Wnuk (born 1967), Polish historian

Witold Wnuk (born 1957), Polish musician

Rafał Wnuk
Rafał Wnuk (born 22 May 1967, in Zamość) is a Polish historian, editor of several historical periodicals, employee of the Institute of History of the Polish Academy of Sciences and of the Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN). Wnuk was a student of the Polish historian Tomasz Strzembosz.
Emperor Chūkyō
Emperor Chūkyō (仲恭天皇, Chūkyō-tennō) (30 October 1218 – 18 June 1234) was the 85th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned only two months in 1221, and he was not officially listed amongst the emperors until 1870 because of doubts caused by the length of his reign. The Imperial Household Agency recognizes Kujō no misasagi (九條陵) near Tōfuku-ji in Fushimi-ku, Kyoto as his tomb.

Imperial Household Agency
The Imperial Household Agency (宮内庁, Kunai-chō) (IHA) is an agency of the government of Japan in charge of state matters concerning the Imperial Family, and the keeping of the Privy Seal and State Seal of Japan. From around the 8th century AD until the Second World War, it was known as the Imperial Household Ministry (宮内省, Kunai-shō).

The Agency is unique among conventional government agencies and ministries in that it does not directly report to the Prime Minister at the cabinet level.
Weightlifting at the 2013 Mediterranean Games – Men's 62 kg
The men's 62 kg competition of the weightlifting events at the 2013 Mediterranean Games in Mersin, Turkey, was held on June 21, at the Erdemli Sports Hall.

Each lifter performed in both the snatch and clean and jerk lifts, with the final score being the sum of the lifter's best result in each. The athlete received three attempts in each of the two lifts; the score for the lift was the heaviest weight successfully lifted. This weightlifting event was the lightest men's event at the weightlifting competition, limiting competitors to a maximum of 62 kilograms of body mass.

Snatch (weightlifting)
The snatch is the first of two lifts contested in the sport of weightlifting (also known as Olympic weightlifting) followed by the clean and jerk. The objective of the snatch is to lift the barbell from the ground to overhead in one continuous motion. There are four main styles of snatch used: snatch (full snatch or squat snatch), split snatch, power snatch, and muscle snatch.  The full lift is the most common style used in competition, while power snatches and muscle snatches are mostly used for training purposes, and split snatches are now rarely used. Any of these lifts can be performed from the floor, from the hang position, or from blocks. In competition, only lifts from the floor are allowed.
Antwerp Bible
The Antwerp Bible or Bible of Konrad of Vechta is an early 15th-century illuminated manuscript Bible, preserved in the Plantin-Moretus Museum, Antwerp, Belgium. Its illuminations are modeled on those in the Wenceslas Bible. The manuscript was probably produced for Conrad of Vechta, controller of the Royal Mint (1401-3) and later the Chancellor to Wenceslas IV of Bohemia. It was acquired by the Moretus family in 1805.

Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia
Wenceslaus IV (also spelled Wenceslas Czech: Václav; German: Wenzel; nicknamed the Idle; also known as Wenceslaus of Luxembourg; 26 February 1361 – 16 August 1419) was King of Bohemia from 1378 until his death and King of Germany from 1376 until he was deposed in 1400. As he belonged to the House of Luxembourg, he was also Duke of Luxembourg from 1383 to 1388.
Tropiques
Tropiques was a quarterly literary magazine published in Martinique from 1941 to 1945. It was founded by Aimé Césaire, Suzanne Césaire, and other Martinican intellectuals of the era, who contributed poetry, essays, and fiction to the magazine. While resisting the Vichy-supported government that ruled Martinique at the time, the writers commented on colonialism, surrealism, and other topics. André Breton, the French leader of surrealism, contributed to the magazine and helped turn it into a leading voice of surrealism in the Caribbean.

Literary magazine
A literary magazine is a periodical devoted to literature in a broad sense. Literary magazines usually publish a mix of fiction and non-fiction. Short stories and poetry are common literary forms published, but some magazines may publish serial literature—a novel which is revealed in sections over multiple issues. Non-fiction writing may be from staff of the literary magazine to make commentary about their magazine or about culture related to literature. Non-fiction from contributors may take the form of essays, literary criticism, book reviews, biographical profiles of authors, interviews, and letters. Literary magazines are often called literary journals (or little magazines) to contrast them with larger, commercial magazines.
Muston Meadows
Muston Meadows is an 8.8-hectare (22-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south of Muston in Leicestershire. It is also a National Nature Reserve  and a Nature Conservation Review site.

These ridge and furrow meadows are on soils derived from clay. Herbs include green-winged orchid, lady's bedstraw, yellow rattle, pepper saxifrage and cowslip.

The site is in two different areas, both of which are open to the public.

At Muston Meadows, hay is cut in late summer and over winter the meadow is grazed by cattle. This prevents the meadow habitat from transitioning to forest through ecological succession. Some of the plants in the nature reserve only grow in meadows and this kind of habitat is very threatened in the UK; 97% of Britain's wildflower meadows have been destroyed since the 1930s.

National nature reserve (United Kingdom)
In the United Kingdom, a national nature reserve is a form of statutory nature reserve that has been designated as such by one of the three national nature conservation bodies of Great Britain. There are 229 designated sites in England, 43 in Scotland, and 76 in Wales. A similar designation, a "nature reserve", is used in Northern Ireland and those are designated by the Northern Ireland Environment Agency.
Aluche
Aluche [aˈlutʃe] is a barrio of the city of Madrid, situated in the southwest of the city, in the Latina district. It is bounded by the barrios of Campamento, Las Águilas, Lucero, Los Cármenes, and the Carabanchel district. Casa de Campo is also nearby. Aluche takes its name from the Luche creek that formerly flowed through the neighbourhood.

With 75,871 inhabitants, it is the largest of Madrid's barrios (according to the 2001 census). Many of its streets are named after towns and villages of the province of Toledo. Gómez Ulla Military Hospital is located in the area.

Province of Toledo
Toledo (Spanish: [toˈleðo] ⓘ) is a province of central Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Castile–La Mancha. It is bordered by the provinces of Madrid, Cuenca, Ciudad Real, Badajoz, Cáceres, and Ávila. Its capital is the city of Toledo.
Dahisar
Dahisar (Marathi pronunciation: [d̪əɦisəɾ]) is the northernmost suburb (and railway station) of Mumbai, India. (Not to be confused with Dahisar Mori in Navi Mumbai). It is the last local railway station in Mumbai while travelling towards Dahanu Road and the first one while travelling towards Churchgate.

On the Mumbai Suburban Railway (which is part of the Indian Western Railway line), that runs from Churchgate to Virar, Dahisar is immediately north and next to the populous suburb of Borivali, which has a train station of the same name.

After Dahisar, when travelling northwards on the Churchgate - Virar Western Railway line the immediate next railway station or stop is Mira Road.

Mumbai Suburban Railway
The Mumbai Suburban Railway (colloquially called local trains or simply locals) consists of exclusive inner suburban railway lines, augmented by commuter rail on main lines serving outlying suburbs to serve the Mumbai Metropolitan Region in India. Spread over 450 kilometres (280 mi), the suburban railway operates 2,342 train services and carries more than 7.5 million commuters daily.

The daily commuters constitute around 40% of the daily commuters of Indian Railways. By annual ridership (2.64 billion), the Mumbai Suburban Railway is one of the busiest commuter rail systems in the world.
Ferronor
Ferronor (Empresa de Transporte Ferroviario S.A.) is a Chilean railway company operating on the old Red Norte (northern network) of Empresa de los Ferrocarriles del Estado, which was privatised in 1997. Since 2004 the primary shareholder is APCO.

Currently Ferronor owns a railway network of about 2,300 kilometres (1,400 mi), consisting of a 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge main line between La Calera and Iquique and various spur lines. However, about 60% of the railway network are currently unused due to damage like landslides, washouts and rail theft. Ferronor mostly transports mining supplies and products.

Ferronor transports 7,000,000 tonnes of iron ore concentrate, 900,000 tonnes of salt, 290,000 tonnes of copper concentrate, 530,000 tonnes of sulfuric acid, 230,000 tonnes of copper cathodes and 35,000 tonnes of fuel annually. Other railway operators transport 2,200,000 tonnes of freight on Ferronor lines annually.

Copper extraction
Copper extraction is the multi-stage process of obtaining copper from its ores. The conversion of copper ores consists of a series of physical, chemical, and electrochemical processes. Methods have evolved and vary with country depending on the ore source, local environmental regulations, and other factors. The copper smelters with the highest production capacity (metric tons of copper yearly) lie in China, Chile, India, Germany, Japan, Peru and Russia. China alone has over half of the world's production capacity and is also the world's largest consumer of refined copper.

Precious metals and sulfuric acid are often valuable by-products of copper refining. Arsenic is the main type of impurity found in copper concentrates to enter smelting facilities. There has been an increase in arsenic in copper concentrates over the years since shallow, low-arsenic copper deposits have been progressively depleted.
Nottingham Outlaws
Nottingham Outlaws is the name of:

Nottingham Outlaws (rugby league team)

Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club, in one day cricket and Twenty20 Cup games

Nottingham Outlaws, the name used by Long Eaton Speedway in 1979 and 1980

Nottingham Outlaws (rugby league team)
Nottingham Outlaws are a rugby league club from the city of Nottingham, England. They were founded in 1999 and their first team plays in the Premier Division of the Yorkshire Men's League. They have a junior section and in 2006 launched an academy team. They play their home matches at their own ground at Lenton Lane Nottingham NG7. They are also known as the 'hooded men'.
Zavadiv, Lviv Raion, Lviv Oblast
Zavadiv (Ukrainian: Зава́дів) is a village (selo) in Lviv Raion, Lviv Oblast (province) of Western Ukraine. It belongs to Lviv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Until 18 July 2020, Zavadiv belonged to Zhovkva Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Zhovkva Raion was merged into Lviv Raion.

Zhovkva Raion
Zhovkva Raion (Ukrainian: Жовківський район) was a raion (district) in Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center was the city of Zhovkva. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Zhovkva Raion was merged into Lviv Raion. The last estimate of the raion's population was 110,223 (2020 est.).

It was established in 1940.

At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of four hromadas:

Dobrosyn-Maheriv settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of Maheriv;

Kulykiv settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of Kulykiv;

Rava-Ruska urban hromada with the administration in the city of Rava-Ruska;

Zhovkva urban hromada with the administration in Zhovkva.
1991 Swiss Indoors – Doubles
Stefan Kruger and Christo van Rensburg were the defending champions, but van Rensburg did not compete this year. Kruger teamed up with Neil Broad and lost in the semifinals to Petr Korda and John McEnroe.

Jakob Hlasek and Patrick McEnroe won the title by defeating Korda and John McEnroe 3–6, 7–6, 7–6 in the final.

Petr Korda
Petr Korda (born 23 January 1968) is a Czech former professional tennis player. He was ranked world No. 2 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) in February 1998. Korda won ten singles titles, including the 1998 Australian Open, and was the runner-up at the 1992 French Open. Korda tested positive for doping in July 1998 at Wimbledon, and was banned from September 1999 for 12 months, retiring from the sport shortly before the ban. He is the father of professional golfers Jessica Korda and Nelly Korda, and of professional tennis player Sebastian Korda.
Plaza República Dominicana bombing
A car bomb attack was carried out by the armed Basque separatist group ETA in Madrid, Spain, on 14 July 1986, which killed 12 people and injured another 32. The dead were all members of the Guardia Civil studying in the nearby traffic school on Príncipe de Vergara. The ETA members later convicted of participation in the attack included significant figures in the group, including Antonio Troitiño and Iñaki de Juana Chaos.

Basque nationalism
Basque nationalism (Basque: eusko abertzaletasuna [eus̺ko abeɾts̻aletas̺una]; Spanish: nacionalismo vasco; French: nationalisme basque) is a form of nationalism that asserts that Basques, an ethnic group indigenous to the western Pyrenees, are a nation and promotes the political unity of the Basques, today split between Spain and France. Since its inception in the late 19th century, Basque nationalism has included movements supportive of Basque independence.

Basque nationalism, spanning three different regions in two states (the Basque Autonomous Community and Navarre in Spain, and the French Basque Country in France), is "irredentist in nature" as it favours political unification of all the Basque-speaking provinces.
Joe Agius (architect)
Joe Agius is an Australian architect and director of Cox Architecture since 2005. He has worked in a variety of sectors, including urban and master planning, education, sports, culture and research. He has worked across Australia and internationally. His projects include the Sir John Monash Centre, Australian Film, Television and Radio School, NeuRA Research Centre and The Darling. From 2013 to 2014 he was Chapter President of the Australian Institute of Architects, and is a Life Fellow of the Australian Institute of Architects.

Australian Film, Television and Radio School
The Australian Film, Television and Radio School (AFTRS), formerly Australian Film and Television School, is Australia's national screen arts and broadcast school. Opened to students in 1973 as Film and Television School (FTS), after accreditation with CILECT it was renamed Australian Film Television School (AFTS) in 1976. To coincide with a move to a new location around 1986, the school was renamed the Australian Film Television and Radio School. The school is a Commonwealth Government statutory authority, and is ranked by The Hollywood Reporter as one of 15 top global film schools.

AFTRS has been the training ground for many of Australia's most well-known directors and other filmmakers, including Gillian Armstrong, Philip Noyce, Rolf de Heer, Rachel Perkins, Ivan Sen, Warwick Thornton, and Kriv Stenders, as well as many cinematographers, film editors, composers, and screenwriters. In addition, there are many radio and television presenters among its alumni, including David Speers.
Tioga Hill
Tioga Hill (60°44′S 45°39′W﻿ / ﻿60.733°S 45.650°W﻿ / -60.733; -45.650) is a rounded summit, 290 m, standing at the west side the head of McLeod Glacier on Signy Island, in the South Orkney Islands. The hill is the highest point on the island. Surveyed in 1947 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS). Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1954 for the Tioga, owned by Messrs. Christensen and Co. (Corral, Chile), which was one of the first floating factories to flense whales at sea. It was wrecked at nearby Port Jebsen during a gale on February 4, 1913.

The small Tioga Lake lies to the northwest of the hill.

McLeod Glacier (South Orkney Islands)
McLeod Glacier is a glacier 1 nautical mile (2 km) long, flowing in a southeasterly direction into Clowes Bay on the south side of Signy Island, in the South Orkney Islands off Antarctica. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1954 for Michael McLeod, following a survey by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1947. On 12 December 1821, the cutter Beaufoy under McLeod sailed to a position at least 60 nautical miles (110 km) west of the South Orkney Islands, where a chart annotation indicates that land was sighted, possibly Coronation Island.
Aaron Eshuis
Aaron James Eshuis is an American songwriter and record producer, originally from Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States. Eshuis moved to Nashville, Tennessee, and later signed a worldwide publishing deal  with SMACKSongs in 2017. Eshuis has worked on records with Rascal Flatts, Joe Nichols, A Thousand Horses, Kid Rock, Cole Swindell, and Scotty McCreery. Eshuis had his first No. 1 hit with Scotty McCreery's "This Is It" in late 2018.  In addition to writing, Eshuis has produced on Ryan Hurd's debut EP and McCreery's album, Seasons Change, which debuted at No. 1 on Billboard’s Top Country Albums Chart.

Ryan Hurd
Ryan James Hurd (born November 2, 1986) is an American country music singer and songwriter. In addition to writing number one singles for Blake Shelton, Lady A, and Luke Bryan, Hurd has recorded for Sony Music Nashville.
Electoral district of Capel
The electoral district of Capel was a Legislative Assembly electorate in the state of Western Australia. The district was named for the South West town of Capel, located between Bunbury and Busselton, which fell within its borders. The seat was abolished after only one term at the 2007 redistribution, taking effect from the 2008 election due to the one vote one value legislation. Most parts of the seat now fall within the new seat of Collie-Preston, which is regarded as a marginal Labor seat by Antony Green based on 2005 figures, with the Busselton portions becoming part of Vasse.

Capel was created out of parts of Collie, Mitchell and Vasse, accounting for significant population growth in the Busselton-Dunsborough area which had seen Vasse contract to those areas. The seat was first contested in the 2005 election at which Liberal member Steve Thomas was successful.

2005 Western Australian state election
Elections were held in the state of Western Australia on 26 February 2005 to elect all 57 members to the Legislative Assembly and all 34 members to the Legislative Council. The Labor government, led by Premier Geoff Gallop, won a second term in office against the Liberal Party, led by Opposition Leader Colin Barnett.
İbrahim Halil Fırat
İbrahim Halil Fırat (born 1 January 1973) is a Turkish politician from the Justice and Development Party (AKP), who has served as a Member of Parliament for Adıyaman since 7 June 2015.

Born in Adıyaman, he graduated from Marmara University Faculty of Law and worked as a freelance lawyer for 12 years. He joined the AKP Adıyaman branch after the party's establishment in 2001, becoming a disciplinary and executive board member, eventually becoming the AKP Adıyaman branch president in 2011. He served as the branch president until December 2014, after which he was elected as an AKP Member of Parliament in the June 2015 general election.

Adıyaman
Adıyaman (Kurdish: Semsûr) is a city in southeastern Turkey. It is the administrative centre of Adıyaman Province and Adıyaman District. Its population is 290,883 (2024). The inhabitants of the city are mostly Kurdish.
Lehman Orchard and Aqueduct
The Lehman Orchard and Aqueduct were established by Absalom Lehman, the discoverer of Lehman Caves in what would become Great Basin National Park in eastern Nevada. Lehman's orchard covered more than 7 acres (2.8 ha), with about 40 apricot, pear, peach, crabapple, plum and apple trees in the 1930s, of more than 100 trees at its peak. Seven apricot trees and one peach tree remain. To irrigate the orchard, Lehman built a ditch from Lehman Creek 2 miles (3.2 km) to the orchard, where it encircles the orchard. A branch above the orchard ran to a reservoir, now vanished,  that was used for ice, fishing and swimming. A portion of the aqueduct has been reconstructed. Both the orchard and the reconstructed portion of the ditch are near the National Park Service's Lehman Caves Visitor Center.

The orchard and aqueduct were placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

Malus
Malus (/ˈmeɪləs/ or /ˈmæləs/) is a genus of about 32–57 species of small deciduous trees or shrubs in the family Rosaceae, including the domesticated orchard apple, crab apples (sometimes known in North America as crabapples) and wild apples.

The genus is native to the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere.
Goose Creek (Manitoba, Nelson)
Goose Creek is a river in the Hudson Bay drainage basin in Northern Manitoba, Canada. It runs from an unnamed lake to the Nelson River, which it enters as a left tributary. The river flows under the Hudson Bay Railway (passed by the Via Rail Winnipeg – Churchill train), between the flag stops of Weir River to the north and Charlebois to the south, close to its source; and under Manitoba Provincial Road 290 just before its mouth.

Via Rail
Via Rail Canada Inc. (reporting mark VIA) (/ˈviːə/), operating as Via Rail or Via (stylized as VIA Rail), is a Canadian Crown corporation that operates intercity passenger rail service in Canada.

As of December 2023, Via Rail operates 406 trains per week  across eight Canadian provinces and 12,500 kilometres (7,800 mi) of track, 97 percent of which is owned and maintained by other railway companies, mostly by Canadian National Railway (CN). Via Rail carried approximately 4.1 million passengers in 2023, 96 percent of which were along the Corridor routes connecting the major cities of the Quebec City–Windsor Corridor, and had an on-time performance of 85.4 per cent. Attracting international tourism forms an important part of Via Rail's long distance trans-continental services.