hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1953 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 22
The 1953 Tour de France was the 40th edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It took place from 3 to 26 July, with 22 stages covering a distance of 4,479 km (2,783 mi).

The Tour began in Strasbourg on 3 July, and Stage 12 occurred on 15 July with a flat stage from Luchon. The race finished in Paris on 26 July.

Jean Robic entered the stage 12 as the first cyclist in the history of the Tour de France to ever lead in the three most important classifications: he wore the yellow jersey, green jersey and led King of the Mountains ranking.

Gap, Hautes-Alpes
Gap (French pronunciation: [ɡap], Occitan: [ˈɡap]) is the prefecture of the department of Hautes-Alpes, in the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, southern France. With a population of about 41,000, it is the most populated city in Hautes-Alpes. At a height of 750 metres above sea level, to the south of the Écrins Massif, it is also France's highest prefecture.

Together with other Alpine towns, Gap engages in the Alpine Town of the Year Association for the implementation of the Alpine Convention to achieve sustainable development in the Alpine Arc. Gap was awarded Alpine Town of the Year in 2002. In 2013 Gap was named the sportiest city in France by the national sports newspaper L'Équipe.
Kerry Jang
Kerry Jang (鄭文宇) is a Canadian politician and psychologist. He previously served as councillor on Vancouver, British Columbia's City Council between 2008 and 2018. From 2013, he also represented the city of Vancouver on the Greater Vancouver Regional District Board as a director.

Prior to his election as councillor, Jang served as a professor of psychiatry at the University of British Columbia, a position he returned to after leaving politics.

Vancouver City Council
Vancouver City Council is the governing body of Vancouver, British Columbia. The council consists of a mayor and ten councillors elected to serve a four-year term. Monthly, a deputy mayor is appointed from among the councillors. The current mayor is Ken Sim, who leads the party ABC Vancouver. City council meetings are held in Vancouver City Hall. The most recent election was held on October 15, 2022. A by-election for two seats on council was held on April 5, 2025.
Jaroslav Flegr
Jaroslav Flegr (born 12 March 1958) is a Czech parasitologist, evolutionary biologist, and author of the book Frozen Evolution. He is professor of biology at the Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, and is a member of the editorial board of the journal Neuroendocrinology Letters.

His work on how toxoplasmosis—an infection caused by the protozoan parasite T. gondii—influences personality, sex ratios, and rates of traffic accidents, has received coverage in The Atlantic, Salon, and The Guardian. Flegr maintains that toxoplasmosis might increase the rate of traffic accidents by as much as one million collisions per year. He also believes that T. gondii contributes to suicides and mental disorders such as schizophrenia.

Parasitology
Parasitology is the study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them. As a biological discipline, the scope of parasitology is not determined by the organism or environment in question but by their way of life. This means it forms a synthesis of other disciplines, and draws on techniques from fields such as cell biology, bioinformatics, biochemistry, molecular biology, immunology, genetics, evolution and ecology.
Free water clearance
In the physiology of the kidney, free water clearance (CH2O) is the volume of blood plasma that is cleared of solute-free water per unit time. An example of its use is in the determination of an individual's state of hydration. Conceptually, free water clearance should be thought of relative to the production of isoosmotic urine, which would be equal to the osmolarity of the plasma. If an individual is producing urine more dilute than the plasma, there is a positive value for free water clearance, meaning pure water is lost in the urine in addition to a theoretical isoosmotic filtrate.  If the urine is more concentrated than the plasma, then free water is being extracted from the urine, giving a negative value for free water clearance. A negative value is typical for free water clearance, as the kidney usually produces concentrated urine except in the cases of volume overload by the individual.

Osmotic concentration
Osmotic concentration, formerly known as osmolarity, is the measure of solute concentration, defined as the number of osmoles (Osm) of solute per litre (L) of solution (osmol/L or Osm/L). The osmolarity of a solution is usually expressed as Osm/L (pronounced "osmolar"), in the same way that the molarity of a solution is expressed as "M" (pronounced "molar").

Whereas molarity measures the number of moles of solute per unit volume of solution, osmolarity measures the number of particles on dissociation of osmotically active material (osmoles of solute particles) per unit volume of solution. This value allows the measurement of the osmotic pressure of a solution and the determination of how the solvent will diffuse across a semipermeable membrane (osmosis) separating two solutions of different osmotic concentration.
Abdul Ahad Hajini
Abdul Ahad Hajni (born 19 April 1948) is an Indian writer, translator and treasurer of Adbee Markaz Kamraz. He predominantly writes in Kashmiri language. He is primarily known for translating Indian language books such as Assamese, Kannada, Telugu and Dogri languages into Kashmiri.

The recipient of Sahitya Akademi Award in Kashmiri, he wrote a book titled Teuth Pazar (Bitter truth), consisting translation of six short stories from different Indian regional languages into Kashmiri.

Kashmiri language
Kashmiri (English: /kæʃˈmɪəri/ kash-MEER-ee), also known by its endonym Koshur (Kashmiri: کٲشُر (Perso-Arabic, Official Script), pronounced [kəːʃur]), is an Indo-Aryan language of the Dardic branch spoken by around 7 million Kashmiris of the Kashmir region, primarily in the Kashmir Valley and surrounding hills of the Indian-administrated union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, over half the population of that territory. Kashmiri has split ergativity and the unusual verb-second word order.

Since 2020, it has been made an official language of Jammu and Kashmir along with Dogri, Hindi, Urdu and English. Kashmiri is also among the 22 scheduled languages of India.

Kashmiri is spoken by roughly five percent of Pakistani-administrated Azad Kashmir's population.
USS Condor
USS Condor is a name used more than once by the U.S. Navy:

USS Condor (AM-11), a Lapwing-class minesweeper, but construction of this ship was cancelled 4 December 1918

USS Condor (AMc-14), built at Tacoma, Washington, in 1937

USS Condor (AMS-5), laid down on 30 September 1942 by the Greenport Basin and Construction Company in Greenport, New York

USS Condor (AMc-14)
USS Condor (AMc-14) was a coastal minesweeper of the United States Navy. The ship was constructed as the wooden-hulled purse seiner New Example at Tacoma, Washington in 1937. Acquired by the U.S. Navy on 28 October 1940, converted into a coastal minesweeper and placed in service on 18 April 1941.
Criticism of multiculturalism
Criticism of multiculturalism questions the ideal of the hegemonic maintenance of distinct ethnic cultures within a country. Multiculturalism is a particular subject of debate in certain European nations that are associated with the idea of a nation state. Critics of multiculturalism may argue against cultural integration of different ethnic and cultural groups to the existing laws and values of the country. Alternatively critics may argue for assimilation of different ethnic and cultural groups to a single national identity. Others may put forward different alternatives again—such as Interculturalism, Racial color blindness, Polyculturalism, Cosmopolitanism, Integration of immigrants, Transnationalism, Integrative Anti-racism or Ethnonationalism.

Integration of immigrants
The integration of immigrants, or migrant integration, is primarily the process of socioeconomic integration of immigrants and their descendants into a society through emancipatory and collective care values of the host country. Secondarily, it involves the gradual access to equal opportunities with other residents in terms of community duties and political participation. Central aspects of socioeconomic integration include overcoming barriers related to language, education, labour market participation, and identification with social values and the host country. The topic covers both the individual affairs of immigrants in their everyday lives and the socio-cultural phenomena of the host society.
Scotland national kabaddi team
The Scotland national kabaddi team was established in 2012, and represents the country in the National Kabaddi Association. It participated in the 2012 Kabaddi World Cup with a team including some rugby players from the University of Strathclyde, losing all three group matches.

In 2019, Scotland hosted the European Championships for the first time in their history where the Scotland kabaddi team got to the Semi Finals and were put out by Poland who went on to win the 2019 European Championships.

2012 Kabaddi World Cup (circle style)
2012 Kabaddi World Cup was the third edition of the circle style Kabaddi World Cup, organised by the Government of Punjab. It was played in Punjab, India in various cities of the province from 1 to 15 December 2012 with teams from 16 countries. The opening ceremony of the tournament was held in Bathinda and the closing ceremony in Ludhiana.

The prize money for the winners of the third edition was doubled to ₹ 2 crore, while the runners-up received ₹ 1 crore. The team finishing at third position received ₹ 51 lakhs.

The Deputy Chief Minister Sukhbir Singh Badal said that dope testing would be mandatory for each player.

Ekamjeet was declared the best stopper and Gagandeep Gaggi was chosen as the best raider of the tournament.
Retrocalcaneal bursitis
Retrocalcaneal bursitis is an inflammation of the bursa located between the calcaneus and the anterior surface of the Achilles tendon. It commonly occurs in association with rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthropathies, gout, and trauma.

The pain is usually on the back of the heel and swelling appears on lateral or medial side of the tendon.

Achilles tendon
The Achilles tendon, or the heel cord, also known as the calcaneal tendon, is a tendon at the back of the lower leg, and is the thickest in the human body. It serves to attach the plantaris, gastrocnemius (calf) and soleus muscles to the calcaneus (heel) bone. These muscles, acting via the tendon, cause plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle joint, and (except the soleus) flexion at the knee.

Abnormalities of the Achilles tendon include inflammation (Achilles tendinitis), degeneration, rupture, and becoming embedded with cholesterol deposits (xanthomas).

The Achilles tendon was named in 1693 after the Greek hero Achilles.
Cripta de los Héroes (Tacna)
The Crypt of Heroes (Spanish: Cripta de los Héroes) is a war monument located at Intiorko Hill, Tacna, Peru. Originally inaugurated by the Chilean administration in 1901 and rededicated in 1930 by the Peruvian government, the monument is currently partially destroyed.

Department of Tacna
Tacna (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈtaɣna]; Aymara and Quechua: Taqna) is a department of Peru. It is the southernmost department of the country, bordering Chile and Bolivia. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital city is Tacna.
Bernie McKinnon
Bernard Anthony McKinnon was a Canadian ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer and tennis coach for St. Lawrence for over 30 years. He was the head coach both men's and women's teams for most sports as well as for freshman teams when varsity status was limited to three years.

St. Lawrence Saints
The St. Lawrence Saints are composed of 33 teams representing St. Lawrence University in intercollegiate athletics, including men and women's alpine skiing, basketball, cross country, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, Nordic skiing, riding, rowing, soccer, squash, swimming, tennis, and track and field. Men's sports include baseball and football. Women's sports include field hockey, softball, and volleyball. The Saints compete in the NCAA Division III and are members of the Liberty League for all sports except ice hockey, and men's tennis which competes in NCAA Division I. .
Joint Anti-Terrorist Task Force of Uganda
The Joint Anti-Terrorist Task Force (JATT) is a multi-agency security unit of the Government of Uganda established to combat terrorism and insurgency within the country. The task force was initially formed on May 13, 1999, and later formalized under the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2002.

Human rights in Uganda
Human rights in Uganda have trended for the past decades towards increasing harassment of the opposition, cracking down on NGOs which work on election and term limits, corruption, land rights, environmental issues, women's, children and gay rights. In 2012, the Relief Web sponsored Humanitarian Profile – 2012 said Uganda made considerable developments. Since at least 2013, the annual Freedom in the World report by Freedom House has consistently classified Uganda as "Not Free". There are several areas of concern when it comes to human rights in Uganda, and the "Not Free" classification is due to both low political rights and civil liberties rankings.
Urban legends about drugs
Many urban legends and misconceptions about drugs have been created and circulated among young people and the general public, with varying degrees of veracity. These are commonly repeated by organizations which oppose all classified drug use, often causing the true effects and dangers of drugs to be misunderstood and less scrutinized. The most common subjects of such false beliefs are LSD, cannabis, and PCP. These misconceptions include misinformation about adulterants or other black market issues, as well as alleged effects of the pure substances.

Snopes
Snopes (/ˈsnoʊps/), formerly known as the Urban Legends Reference Pages, is a fact-checking website. It has been described as a "well-regarded reference for sorting out myths and rumors" on the Internet. The site has also been seen as a source for both validating and debunking urban legends and similar stories in American popular culture.
Harri Jones Memorial Prize for Poetry
The Harri Jones Memorial Prize for Poetry is an annual prize awarded by the University of Newcastle to “an Australian poet, not yet 36 years of age, whose work in the field of poetry is judged to be outstanding”. It's named for T. Harri Jones, a former lecturer at the university, who died in a tragic accident in 1965. As an acknowledgement of the impact Harry made on his students between 1959 and 1965, in 2011 this prize was incorporated into the already established Newberry Poetry Prize as a special category.

University of Newcastle (Australia)
The University of Newcastle is a public university in Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. Established in 1965, it has a primary campus in the Newcastle suburb of Callaghan. The university also operates campuses in Central Coast, Singapore, the Newcastle CBD and Sydney.

The University of Newcastle is a member of the Australian Technology Network, Universities Australia and the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business.
Feurstein
Feurstein is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Christian Feurstein (1958–2017), Austrian Roman Catholic priest and Cistercian monk

Gottfried Feurstein (1939–2024), Austrian economist and politician

Valentin Feurstein (1885–1970), Austrian military officer

Gottfried Feurstein
Gottfried Feurstein (7 March 1939 – 12 March 2024) was an Austrian economist and politician. A member of the Austrian People's Party, he served in the National Council from 1975 to 2002.

Feurstein died on 12 March 2024, at the age of 85.
2023 Barranquilla Open
The 2023 Barranquilla Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the second edition of the tournament and first ever as a WTA 125 event which was also part of the 2023 WTA 125 tournaments. It took place in Barranquilla, Colombia between 14 and 19 August 2023.

WTA 125 tournaments
WTA 125 tournaments are an international series of professional women's tennis tournaments organized by the Women's Tennis Association since 2012.
Also called the WTA Challengers (analogous to the trademarked men's ATP Challenger Tour), the WTA 125 is the second highest level of women's competition, below the top-tier WTA Tour, and above the ITF Women's World Tennis Tour tournaments.

Players who succeed in the WTA 125 tournaments earn sufficient overall WTA ranking points to become eligible for the main draw or qualifying draw entry of WTA Tour tournaments. Results such as titles won at a WTA 125 event are separately counted from the same player's achievements at WTA Tour level tournaments. However match results from WTA 125 events are counted and added into WTA players' overall head-to-head win/loss statistics.
Chodaczków Wielki massacre
The Chodaczków Wielki massacre (Polish: Zbrodnia w Chodaczkowie Wielkim) occurred on 16 April 1944 when 862 Poles were killed by the 14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician) in the village of Chodaczków Wielki in German occupied Poland (now Velykyi Khodachkiv, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine.)

The massacre started when the perpetrators, a division composed of ethnic Ukrainian volunteers, arrived to the town of 2,800 people in order to turn the settlement into a base to supply reinforcements for the then-ongoing siege of Ternopil. Once they entered, they began setting the houses of ethnic Poles on fire. Soldiers tossed grenades into burning houses and shot anyone who tried to flee. The bodies of the victims were buried in a mass grave outside the local church. An estimated 862 Poles were killed (including children and elderly), making it one of the largest massacres of Poles.: 15 : 6

Mass grave
A mass grave is a grave containing multiple human corpses, which may or may not be identified prior to burial.  Mass graves are usually created after many people die or are killed, and there is a desire to bury the corpses quickly for sanitation concerns. Although mass graves can be used during major conflicts such as war and crime, they may also be used after a famine, epidemic, or natural disaster. In disasters, mass graves are used temporarily for infection and disease control. In such cases, there is often a breakdown of the social infrastructure that would enable proper identification and the individual disposal of each body.

The United Nations has defined a criminal mass grave as a burial site containing three or more victims of execution, although an exact definition is not unanimously agreed upon.
Jacob ben Moses Bachrach
Jacob ben Moses Bachrach (born in Seiny, in the governorate of Suwalki, which is now in Poland, May 9, 1824; died in Bialystok December 29, 1896) was a noted apologist of Rabbinic Judaism. He was descended from Rabbi Yair Chayim Bacharach, and in turn from the Maharal of Prague.

He received his earliest instruction from his grandfather, Judah Bachrach. For years he was superintendent of a Hebrew printing-establishment in Königsberg, where he edited, among other works, the Ṭurim of Jacob ben Asher, and added notes to the same. Later on he became manager of a distillery in Sevastopol, where he had the opportunity to develop into an assiduous student of Karaitic literature, and where he engaged in controversies with the representatives of the local Karaitic community. His works are chiefly devoted to a defense of rabbinical tradition against Karaism. In 1882 he went to Palestine in the interest of colonization.

Arba'ah Turim
Arba'ah Turim (Hebrew: אַרְבָּעָה טוּרִים), often called simply the Tur, is an important Halakhic code composed by Yaakov ben Asher (Cologne, 1270 – Toledo, Spain c. 1340, also referred to as Ba'al Ha-Turim). The four-part structure of the Tur and its division into chapters (simanim) were adopted by the later code Shulchan Aruch. This was the first book to be printed in Southeast Europe and the Near East.
1925 Australasian Championships – Women's doubles
Defending champions Daphne Akhurst and Sylvia Harper defeated Esna Boyd and Kathleen Le Messurier 6–4, 6–3 in the final, to win the women's doubles tennis title at the 1925 Australasian Championships.

With this win Akhurst completed her first Triple Crown achievement, having already won the singles and the mixed doubles titles earlier that day.

Esna Boyd
Esna Boyd Robertson (née Boyd; 21 September 1899 – 13 November 1966) was an Australian tennis player who reached seven consecutive women's singles finals at the Australian Championships from 1922 through 1928. She won one of those finals, defeating Sylvia Lance Harper in 1927. Robertson participated in the first women's singles final at the Australian Championships in 1922 against fellow Australian Margaret Molesworth.

According to Wallis Myers of The Daily Telegraph and the Daily Mail, Robertson was ranked world No. 10 in 1928.
Whitsitt Chapel
Whitsitt Chapel is the ninth studio album by American singer-songwriter Jelly Roll, released on June 2, 2023, through Bailee & Buddy and BBR Music Group. It is his first country music album and includes collaborations with Brantley Gilbert, Struggle Jennings, Yelawolf and Lainey Wilson. It was preceded by the singles "Need a Favor" and "Save Me" with Wilson. The songs "She" and "Unlive" were also released prior to the album.

BBR Music Group
BBR Music Group (formerly Broken Bow Records) is an American record label based in Nashville. Founded in July 1999 by Benny Brown, the label specializes in country music. The label's executive vice president is Jon Loba.

Craig Morgan had the first number-one single for the label with his 2005 hit "That's What I Love About Sunday". Jason Aldean has produced the most number-one hits for the label, with twenty-one in total.

In 2009, Broken Bow Records launched a sister label, Stoney Creek Records. In August 2015, Broken Bow launched another imprint label, Wheelhouse Records, with Trace Adkins and Granger Smith the first artists signed to it.

BBR Music Group was acquired by BMG Rights Management in February 2017.
Madonna and Child with the Infant Saint John the Baptist (Pontormo)
Madonna and Child with the Infant Saint John the Baptist is an oil on panel painting by Pontormo, now in the Uffizi, whose Gabinetto dei Disegni e delle Stampe also houses a preparatory drawing for the work. The two theories on its dating are 1534-1536 and Antonio Natali's theory of 1529–1530.

The figure and expression of John the Baptist draws on contemporary works by Michelangelo such as the Medici Madonna Vasari's Lives of the Artists states that Pontormo offered a work on a similar subject the bricklayer Rossino in payment for work on his home, begun in 1529 and only finished in 1534-1535 - this is thought to be the Uffizi work. It was then probably acquired by Alessandro di Ottaviano de' Medici, before being acquired by the Grand Dukes of Tuscany. It was rediscovered in Galleria's stores by Gamba and its attribution to Pontormo strengthened, with no substantial doubts remaining as to its autograph status.

Pontormo
Jacopo Carucci or Carrucci (IPA: [ˈjaːkopo ka(r)ˈruttʃi]; May 24, 1494 – January 2, 1557), usually known as Jacopo (da) Pontormo or simply Pontormo (IPA: [ponˈtormo]), was an  Italian Mannerist painter and portraitist from the Florentine School. His work represents a profound stylistic shift from the calm perspectival regularity that characterized the art of the Florentine Renaissance. He is famous for his use of twining poses, coupled with ambiguous perspective; his figures often seem to float in an uncertain environment, unhampered by the forces of gravity.