hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Extremal Ensemble Learning
Extremal Ensemble Learning (EEL) is a machine learning algorithmic paradigm for graph partitioning. EEL creates an ensemble of partitions and then uses information contained in the ensemble to find new and improved partitions. The ensemble evolves and learns how to form improved partitions through extremal updating procedure. The final solution is found by achieving consensus among its member partitions about what the optimal partition is.

Graph partition
In mathematics, a graph partition is the reduction of a graph to a smaller graph by partitioning its set of nodes into mutually exclusive groups. Edges of the original graph that cross between the groups will produce edges in the partitioned graph. If the number of resulting edges is small compared to the original graph, then the partitioned graph may be better suited for analysis and problem-solving than the original. Finding a partition that simplifies graph analysis is a hard problem, but one that has applications to scientific computing, VLSI circuit design, and task scheduling in multiprocessor computers, among others. Recently, the graph partition problem has gained importance due to its application for clustering and detection of cliques in social, pathological and biological networks. For a survey on recent trends in computational methods and applications see Buluc et al. (2013).
Two common examples of graph partitioning are minimum cut and maximum cut problems.
Shodai Yokoyama
Shodai Yokoyama (横山 翔大, Yokoyama Shodai, born 14 October 2000) is a Japanese professional footballer who plays as an attacking-midfielder for Singapore Premier League club Geylang International. Mainly an attacking-midfielder, he is also capable of playing as a winger and occasionally a left-back.

Hougang United FC
Hougang United Football Club is a professional football club based in Hougang, Singapore. The club competes in the Singapore Premier League, the top tier of Singaporean football. Founded in 1998 as Marine Castle United, the club changed its name to Hougang United in 2011. Nicknamed the Cheetahs, Hougang United has played its home games at Jalan Besar Stadium since its formation.

Currently, the club is playing its home games at the Bishan Stadium, as the Hougang Stadium is undergoing renovation.
Al-Sarhan SC
Al-Sarhan Sports Club (Arabic: نادي السرحان الرياضي), also known as Sama Al-Sarhan (Arabic: سما السرحان), is a Jordanian professional football club based in Badiah Gharbiyah, Jordan. It currently competes in the Jordanian Pro League, the top flight of Jordanian football.

Football in Jordan
The sport of football in the country of Jordan is run by the Jordan Football Association. The association administers the national football team as well as the Jordan League. Association football is the most popular sport in Jordan. Approximately 40% of the people in the country are considered football fans.
Hyperteleatum
Hyperteleatum or Hyperteleaton (Ancient Greek: Ὑπερτελέατον) was a place in ancient Laconia, in the territory of Asopus, at the distance of 50 stadia from the latter town, containing a temple of Asclepius.

Its site is located near the modern Foiniki.

Stadion (unit)
The stadion (plural stadia, Ancient Greek: στάδιον; latinized as stadium; also anglicized as stade), was an ancient Greek unit of length, consisting of 600 ancient Greek feet (podes). There are a range of varieties or understandings of what a stadion was and is; these have been calculated by various historians, and those calculations have varied dramatically (as did perhaps the use and meaning of the term stadion over time in ancient Greece). Thus, the exact length of one stadion is not universally agreed upon today: historians estimate it at between 150 and 210 m (490 and 690 ft), with perhaps something of a convergence around the 185 metres (607 ft) length of an Attic stade.
Kasbah of Sfax
Kasbah of Sfax is a kasbah, an Islamic desert fortress, located in the southwestern corner of the ancient city of Sfax. It was used for different purposes throughout the history: it was first a control tower built by the Aghlabids on the coast, then the seat of the municipal government, and then the main army barracks. Its construction was preceded by the deployment of the wall and the medina quarter. Today it serves as a museum of traditional architecture.

Sfax
Sfax (/s(ə)ˈfæks/ s(ə-)FAKS; Arabic: صفاقس, romanized: Ṣafāqis, Tunisian Arabic: [ˈsˤfaːqəs] ⓘ) is a major port city in Tunisia, located 270 km (170 mi) southeast of Tunis. The city, founded in AD 849 on the ruins of Taparura, is the capital of the Sfax Governorate (about 955,421 inhabitants in 2014), and a Mediterranean port. Sfax has a population of 341,999 (census 2022). Its main industries include phosphate, olive and nut processing, fishing (it is the largest fishing port in Tunisia) and international trade. The city is the second-most populous in the country after the capital, Tunis.
Ballivor
Ballivor (/'bælaɪvər/ BAL-eyevər; Irish: Baile Íomhair, meaning 'the town of Íomhar') is a village in County Meath, Ireland. It had a population of 1,809 at the 2016 census. It is on the R156 road between the towns of Mullingar and Trim, and is around 50 km north-west of Dublin.

R156 road (Ireland)
The R156 road is a regional road in Ireland, linking Dunboyne in County Meath to the N4 (near Mullingar) in County Westmeath. The road is single carriageway throughout. Many parts of the route have dangerous bends.
Charles MacCarthy, 1st Viscount Muskerry
Sir Charles MacCarthy, 1st Viscount of Muskerry (died 1641), also called Cormac Oge, especially in Irish, was from a family of Irish chieftains who were the Lords of Muskerry, related to the Old English through maternal lines. He became the 17th Lord of Muskerry upon his father's death in 1616. He acquired a noble title under English law, becoming 1st Viscount Muskerry and 1st Baron Blarney under letters patent. He sat in the House of Lords in both Irish parliaments of King Charles I. He opposed Strafford, the king's viceroy in Ireland, and in 1641 contributed to his demise by submitting grievances to the king in London. Muskerry died during this mission and was buried in Westminster Abbey.

English law
English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures. The judiciary is independent, and legal principles like fairness, equality before the law, and the right to a fair trial are foundational to the system.
Heinrich Faber
Heinrich Faber (before 1500 – 26 February 1552) was a German music theorist, composer, and Kantor.

Born in Lichtenfels, Bavaria, he was employed as a singer by Christian II of Denmark in Copenhagen, from 1515 to 1524. He later studied in Wittenberg, and is known to have lectured there, in 1551. He died in Oelsnitz.

He is known for several theoretical works, and for his beginners' textbook Compendiolum musicae of 1548, which was the most popular book in Lutheran schools during the 16th and 17th centuries, and is today an important source of two-voice compositions of the period.

The Heinrich-Faber Musikschule Lichtenfels – a musical school – is named after him.

Oelsnitz, Vogtland
Oelsnitz (German pronunciation: [ˈœlsnɪts] ⓘ; Upper Sorbian: Wolešnica) is a town in the Vogtlandkreis district, in Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the White Elster river, 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) south of Plauen and 25 miles (40 km) southwest of Zwickau.

In the 14th and 15th centuries, Oelsnitz belonged to the margraves of Meissen, and later to the electors of Saxony.

Nearby is the village of Voigtsberg, with the remains of a castle, once a residence of the governor (Vogt) of the Vogtland.
Roseisle
Roseisle is an area in the west of the Laich of Moray near Elgin, Moray in the parish of Duffus. The area includes the former farms at Oldtown, Easter Backlands of Roseisle, the three farms on the Bank of Roseisle and the clachan of the College of Roseisle.

Laich of Moray
The Laich of Moray or Laigh of Moray (locally: Laich o' Moray) (Scottish Gaelic: Machair Mhoireibh) is the rich agricultural coastal plain in Moray. Laich is a Scots word meaning Low-lying land.  The generally accepted area covered by the term Laich of Moray is from Fochabers to Brodie and also includes the towns of Elgin, Forres, Lossiemouth, Burghead, Hopeman and Lhanbryde.
Carbacanthographis halei
Carbacanthographis halei is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in insular Malaysia, it was formally described as a new species in 2022 by Shirley Cunha Feuerstein and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected from a lowland oak-dipterocarp forest in Bako National Park (Sarawak). The specific epithet honours American lichenologist Mason Hale, who collected the type in 1965.

The lichen has an olive-yellow thallus with a distinct cortex and an indistinct prothallus. Its ascospores are hyaline, measuring 5–35 by 7–8 μm with between 9 and 13 transverse septa. Carbacanthographis halei contains stictic acid and norstictic acid, which are lichen products that can be detected using thin-layer chromatography.

Prothallus
A prothallus, or prothallium, (from Latin pro = forwards and Greek θαλλος (thallos) = twig) is usually the gametophyte stage in the life of a fern or other pteridophyte. Occasionally, the term is also used to describe the young gametophyte of a liverwort or peat moss as well. In lichens, it refers to the region of the thallus that is free of algae.

The prothallus develops from a germinating spore. It is a short-lived and inconspicuous heart-shaped structure typically 2–5 millimeters wide, with a number of rhizoids (root-like hairs) growing underneath, and the sex organs: archegonium (female) and antheridium (male). Appearance varies quite a lot between species. Some are green and conduct photosynthesis while others are colorless and nourish themselves underground as saprotrophs.
Hadronyche lamingtonensis
Hadronyche lamingtonensis, also known as the Lamington funnel-web spider, is a species of funnel-web spider in the Atracidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2010 by Australian arachnologist Michael R. Gray. The species epithet lamingtonensis refers to the Lamington National Park, the type locality.

Arachnology
Arachnology (from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study") is the scientific study of arachnids, which comprise spiders and related invertebrates such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, ticks, and mites. Those who study spiders and other arachnids are arachnologists. More narrowly, the study of spiders alone (order Araneae) is known as araneology.

The word "arachnology" from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study". The Ancient Greek word for "spider" itself refers to Arachne, the female protagonist of an ancient tale of the Greek Mythology.
Joni Töykkälä
Joni Töykkälä (born February 25, 1984) is a retired Finnish professional ice hockey forward who is currently an assistant coach for the HIFK under 16 hockey team.

Töykkälä played his first Liiga game in 2003 with the Blues where he had been playing his junior hockey.

Töykkälä  also played for Tappara, TPS, and HIFK in Liiga during his career.

HIFK Hockey
HIFK Hockey (a traditional abbreviation of the Swedish name Idrottsföreningen Kamraterna, Helsingfors, English: "Sporting Society Comrades, Helsinki") is a professional ice hockey team based in Helsinki, Finland that plays in the SM-liiga, the sport's top-level league in Finland. The team plays at Helsinki Ice Hall.
Gnyozdovo
Gnyozdovo (Russian: Гнёздово) is a village in Smolensky District, Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Dnieper River twelve kilometers downstream from Smolensk, in the proximity of Katyn. The village is noted for its extensive remains of a Slavic-Varangian settlement which flourished in the 10th century as a major trade station on the trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks, see Gnezdovo for details.
54°47′10″N 31°50′20″E﻿ / ﻿54.7861111211°N 31.8388888989°E﻿ / 54.7861111211; 31.8388888989

Smolensky District, Smolensk Oblast
Smolensky District (Russian: Смоле́нский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-five in Smolensk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast and borders with Demidovsky District in the north, Dukhovshchinsky District in the northeast, Kardymovsky District in the east, Pochinkovsky District in the south, Monastyrshchinsky District in the southwest, Krasninsky District in the west, and with Rudnyansky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 2,494.98 square kilometers (963.32 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Smolensk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 44,964 (2010 Census);  47,281 (2002 Census); 50,620 (1989 Soviet census).
Beta-adrenergic agonist
Beta adrenergic agonists or beta agonists are medications that relax muscles of the airways, causing widening of the airways and resulting in easier breathing. They are a class of sympathomimetic agents, each acting upon the beta adrenoceptors. In general, pure beta-adrenergic agonists have the opposite function of beta blockers: beta-adrenoreceptor agonist ligands mimic the actions of both epinephrine- and norepinephrine- signaling, in the heart and lungs, and in smooth muscle tissue; epinephrine expresses the higher affinity. The activation of β1, β2 and β3 activates the enzyme, adenylate cyclase. This, in turn, leads to the activation of the secondary messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP); cAMP then activates protein kinase A (PKA) which phosphorylates target proteins, ultimately inducing smooth muscle relaxation and contraction of the cardiac tissue.

Adrenergic receptor
The adrenergic receptors or adrenoceptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of many catecholamines like norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) produced by the body, but also many medications like beta blockers, beta-2 (β2) agonists and alpha-2 (α2) agonists, which are used to treat high blood pressure and asthma, for example.

Many cells have these receptors, and the binding of a catecholamine to the receptor will generally stimulate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). The SNS is responsible for the fight-or-flight response, which is triggered by experiences such as exercise or fear-causing situations. This response dilates pupils, increases heart rate, mobilizes energy, and diverts blood flow from non-essential organs to skeletal muscle. These effects together tend to increase physical performance momentarily.
Charles Webster (historian of medicine)
Charles Webster is a historian and retired academic specialising in the history of medicine and science. He was Reader in the History of Medicine and Director of the Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine at the University of Oxford from 1972 to 1988 (when he was also a fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford), and a senior research fellow at All Souls College, Oxford, from 1988 to 2004. Webster was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1982.

Research fellow
A research fellow is an academic research position at a university or a similar research institution, usually for academic staff or faculty members. A research fellow may act either as an independent investigator or under the supervision of a principal investigator.

Research fellow positions vary in different countries and academic institutions.
Qasr-e Qajar
Qasr-e Qajar (Persian: قصرقجر, also Romanized as Qaşr-e Qajar) is a village in Badranlu Rural District, in the Central District of Bojnord County, North Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 564, in 148 families.

North Khorasan province
North Khorasan province (Persian: استان خراسان شمالی) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, located in the northeast of the country. Its capital is the city of Bojnord.

North Khorasan is one of the three provinces created after the division of Khorasan in 2004. Khorasan was the largest province of Iran until it was divided into three provinces on 29 September 2004. The provinces approved by the parliament of Iran (on 18 May 2004) and the Council of Guardians (on 29 May 2004) were Razavi Khorasan, North Khorasan, and South Khorasan. In 2014, it was placed in Region 5.
Karkajmy
Karkajmy [karˈkai̯mɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Orneta, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

Before 1772 the area was part of the Kingdom of Poland, and in 1772–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany (East Prussia).

Lidzbark County
Lidzbark County (Polish: powiat lidzbarski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. Its administrative seat and largest town is Lidzbark Warmiński, which lies 38 kilometres (24 mi) north of the regional capital Olsztyn. The only other town in the county is Orneta, lying 30 km (19 mi) west of Lidzbark Warmiński.

The county covers an area of 924.42 square kilometres (356.9 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 43,006, out of which the population of Lidzbark Warmiński is 16,390, that of Orneta is 9,380, and the rural population is 17,236.
Glinyanyy Island
Glinyanyy Island (Russian: Глинянный остров, Ostrovok Glinyanyy) is a small island on the east side of Gizhigin Bay, in the northeastern Sea of Okhotsk. It is cone shaped.

Administratively Glinyanyy Island belongs to the Magadan Oblast of the Russian Federation.

Magadan Oblast
Magadan Oblast is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. It is geographically located in the Far East region of the country, and is administratively part of the Far Eastern Federal District. Magadan Oblast has a population of 136,085 (2021 Census), making it the least populated oblast and the third-least populated federal subject in Russia.

Magadan is the largest city and the capital of Magadan Oblast with the majority of the oblast's inhabitants living in the city itself. The coastline has a less severe climate than the interiors, although both are relatively cold for their latitudes.

It borders Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in the north, Kamchatka Krai in the east, Khabarovsk Krai in the south and the Sakha Republic in the west. The economy is primarily based on mining, particularly gold, silver and other non-ferrous metals.
Old Malvernians F.C.
Old Malvernians F.C. is a football club based at Chelsea Training Centre in Cobham, Surrey, England. The members of the club are old boys of Malvern College, in Malvern, Worcestershire, England. They play in the Arthurian League. The team has reached the final of the Arthur Dunn Cup a record 31 times and won the cup 15 times, second only to the Old Carthusians.

London Senior Cup
The London Senior Cup is the County Senior Cup of the London FA.  The London Senior Cup was first won by Upton Park in 1882. Although the leading professional sides in London no longer compete, the Cup has been won in the past by the likes of Arsenal (as Royal Arsenal in 1891), Brentford, Wimbledon and Barnet. The current champions are Hanwell Town.
Kirsten Bolm
Kirsten Bolm (born 4 March 1975 in Frechen, West Germany) is a retired German hurdler.

Bolm was an All-American jumper for the BYU Cougars track and field team, finishing 3rd in the long jump at the 2000 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships. Bolm fell in her 2004 Olympic semi-final and was helped by Joanna Hayes.

Bolm's personal best is 12.59 seconds, achieved in July 2005 in the Crystal Palace Grand Prix at the Crystal Palace National Sports Centre.

Bolm was diagnosed with an inflamed heart muscle in 2007, ending her season. She graduated in psychology from the University of Heidelberg in 2009.

BYU Cougars track and field
The BYU Cougars track and field is the track and field program representing Brigham Young University (BYU) in Provo, Utah. The program fields mens and womens teams for both indoor and outdoor events. Its teams have collectively won 108 conference championships and 1 national championship (1970 Men's Outdoor). BYU competes in the Big 12 Conference.
Lance Jordan
Lance Jordan is an American DJ/producer/musician/songwriter. He is best known for his original productions, remixes and collaborations with the likes of such artists as Rosko, Tom Geiger, Nadia Ali, Marta C., and John Creamer & Stephane K. In 2003 Jordan with Creamer & K created the indie house music label NY Love Records, which produced a string of dance hits, most notably Rosko's 2005 anthem "Love Is A Drug" which went to No. 1 on the U.S. Billboard Dance Chart, and "Last Night I Was Dreaming" which rose to No. 2 on European Dance Radio.

MP3.com
MP3.com was a website operated by Paramount Global publishing tabloid-style news items about digital music and artists, songs, services, and technologies. It is better known for its original incarnation as a legal, free music-sharing service, named after the popular music file format MP3, popular with independent musicians for promoting their work. That service was shut down on December 2, 2003, by CNET, which, after purchasing the domain name (but not MP3.com's technology or music assets), established the current MP3.com site.
Shoppach House
The Shoppach House is a historic house at 508 North Main Street in Benton, Arkansas.  Its front section is a brick structure, 1+1⁄2 stories in height, from which a single-story wood-frame ell extends to the rear.   The house was built in 1852 by John Shoppach, and was the first brick house in Saline County.  Shoppach's original plan called for the brick section to be organized similar to a typical dogtrot, with a central breezeway flanked by two rooms.  The house was occupied by five generations of the Shoppach family.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

Dogtrot house
The dogtrot, also known as a breezeway house, dog-run, or possum-trot, is a style of house that was common throughout the Southeastern United States during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Some theories place its origins in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Some scholars believe the style developed in the post-Revolution frontiers of Kentucky and Tennessee. Others note its presence in the South Carolina Lowcountry from an early period. The main style point was a large breezeway (instead of a hallway) through the center of the house to cool occupants in the hot southern climate.

Architects continue to design variants of dogtrot houses using modern materials.
Petra Reuvekamp
Petra Reuvekamp is a Dutch Paralympic swimmer. She represented the Netherlands at the 1996 Summer Paralympics held in Atlanta, Georgia, United States where she won one silver medal and two bronze medals.

She won the silver medal in the women's 400 m freestyle S8 event and the bronze medals in the women's 100 m freestyle S8 and women's 100 m breaststroke SB7 events.

1996 Summer Paralympics
The 1996 Summer Paralympic in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, were held from August 15 to 25. It was the first Paralympics to get mass media sponsorship, and had a budget of USD $81 million.

It was the first Paralympic Games where International Sports Federation for Persons with an Intellectual Disability athletes were given full medal status.