hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Castlemaine Secondary College
Castlemaine Secondary College is a state secondary school located in the town of Castlemaine in central Victoria, Australia which caters for approximately 630 students from Years 7 to 12.  It is the only state secondary school in the Mount Alexander Shire.

Mount Alexander Shire
The Mount Alexander Shire (officially Shire of Mount Alexander) is a local government area in Victoria, Australia, located in the central part of the state. It covers an area of 1,530 square kilometres (590 sq mi) and, in August 2021, had a population of 20,253. It includes the of Castlemaine, Chewton, Elphinstone, Maldon, Newstead, Harcourt, Taradale, Fryerstown and Campbells Creek. The traditional owners of the land are the Dja Dja Wurrung.

The Shire is governed and administered by the Mount Alexander Shire Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is located at the council headquarters in Castlemaine. It also has service centres located in Maldon and Newstead. The Shire is named after Mount Alexander, north-east of Castlemaine, the name of which was historically applied to the broader Castlemaine region and goldfields.
Ian Cheng
Ian Cheng (born 1984) is an American contemporary artist known for his "virtual ecosystem" live-simulated digital artworks. His artworks explore the capacity of living agents to deal with change, and are "less about the wonders of new technologies than about the potential for these tools to realize ways of relating to a chaotic existence." His work has been widely exhibited internationally, including MoMA PS1, Serpentine Galleries, Whitney Museum of American Art, Hirshhorn Museum, Venice Biennale,  Leeum Museum and other institutions.

Barbara Gladstone
Barbara Gladstone (née Levitt; May 21, 1935 – June 16, 2024) was an American art dealer and film producer. She was owner of Gladstone Gallery, a contemporary art gallery with locations in New York and Brussels.
Siege of Fredriksten
The siege of Fredriksten (Norwegian: Beleiringen av Fredriksten festning) was an attack on the Norwegian fortress of Fredriksten in the city of Fredrikshald (now Halden) by King Charles XII of Sweden.  While inspecting his troops' lines, Charles XII was killed by a projectile.  The Swedes broke off the siege, and the Norwegians held the fortress.  Along with the Treaty of Nystad three years later, the death of Charles XII marked the end of the imperial era in Sweden, and the beginning of the Age of Liberty (Swedish: Frihetstiden) in that country.

Age of Liberty
In Swedish history, the Age of Liberty (Swedish: Frihetstiden) was a period that saw parliamentary governance, increasing civil rights, and the decline of the Swedish Empire that began with the adoption of the Instrument of Government in 1719 and ended with the Revolution of 1772, Gustav III of Sweden's self-coup. This shift of power from the monarch to parliament was a direct effect of the Great Northern War.

Suffrage under the parliamentary government was not universal. Although the taxed peasantry was represented in the Parliament, its influence was disproportionately small, and commoners without taxed property had no suffrage at all.
Municipal Reform Party
The Municipal Reform Party was a local party allied to the parliamentary Conservative Party in the County of London. The party contested elections to both the London County Council and metropolitan borough councils of the county from 1906 to 1945.

Metropolitan boroughs of the County of London
Metropolitan boroughs were subdivisions of the County of London from 1900 to 1965. The 28 boroughs were created by the London Government Act 1899. In 1965 they were abolished and replaced by larger London boroughs within the new area of Greater London.

The City of London, indicated no. 1 on the map, was not a metropolitan borough. It predated the metropolitan boroughs and is still in existence.
Fielder House
The Fielder House is a historic house in Fordyce, Arkansas.  Its oldest portion built in 1875, it is the oldest building in Dallas County, predating Fordyce's founding.  It stands on the south side of US 79B in the west side of the city, and looks today like a single-story central-hall gable-roof structure with a rear shed addition, and a shed-roof porch extending across the front.  The core of the house is a log structure, which is now the west side of the building.  In the 1880s the eastern pen was added, creating a dog trot structure, which was then filled in and enclosed by later additions.  The house is also notable for being the home of the aunt of author Harold Bell Wright, who is said to have written some of his works there.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Special routes of U.S. Route 79
A total of twelve special routes of U.S. Route 79 exist, divided between the states of Arkansas, Louisiana, Tennessee and Texas. Currently, they are all business routes, except for one bypass of Humboldt, Tennessee, and one bypass of Homer, Louisiana.
Sudan ebolavirus
The species Sudan ebolavirus is a virological taxon included in the genus Ebolavirus, family Filoviridae, order Mononegavirales. The species has a single virus member, Sudan virus (SUDV). The members of the species are called Sudan ebolaviruses. It was discovered in 1977 and causes Ebola clinically indistinguishable from the ebola Zaire strain, but is less transmissible than it. Unlike with ebola Zaire there is no vaccine available.

International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) authorizes and organizes the taxonomic classification of and the nomenclature for viruses. The ICTV develops a universal taxonomic scheme for viruses, and thus has the means to appropriately describe, name, and classify every virus taxon. The members of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses are considered expert virologists. The ICTV was formed from and is governed by the Virology Division of the International Union of Microbiological Societies. Detailed work, such as identifying new taxa and delimiting the boundaries of species, genera, families, etc. typically is performed by study groups of experts in the families.
Thomas Jefferson Davis
Thomas Jefferson Davis (October 19, 1893 – 1964) was born in West Union, South Carolina and worked as a farmer until his enlistment in the 5th Regiment, National Guard of Georgia on July 27, 1916. He served in France in 1918 and with the American Army of Occupation in Germany until 1923. For ten years he was aide-de-camp to General Douglas MacArthur, military commander in the Philippines. He advanced through the grades to Brigadier General in 1942. From 1942 to 1944 he was Adjutant General, Allied Forces Headquarters, North African Theater of Operations. In 1944 he became Adjutant General, SHAEF.

National Guard of Georgia
The National Guard of Georgia (GNG, Georgian: საქართველოს ეროვნული გვარდია, sak'art'velos erovnuli gvardia) is the gendarmerie, guard of honour, and military reserve force branch of the Defense Forces of Georgia. It is tasked with responding to civil affairs, civil disorders, external threats, important ceremonial duties, internal security, natural disasters crisis, public security, and support military operations.
Umass Band
The term "Umass band" can refer to two marching bands in the University of Massachusetts system:

University of Massachusetts Minuteman Marching Band

University of Massachusetts Lowell Riverhawk Marching Band

University of Massachusetts Lowell Marching Band
The University of Massachusetts Lowell Marching Band has about 120 members and is directed by Daniel Lutz and assisted by Debra-Nicole Huber. The band acts as an exhibition band for the University of Massachusetts Lowell, performing for the Massachusetts Instrumental and Choral Conductors Association (MICCA), New England Scholastic Band Association (NESBA) and other shows throughout Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Connecticut. The band also frequently performs at events on campus and in surrounding communities, including parades.

In recent years, it has performed hits from classic rock, latin, and jazz artists such as Queen, Led Zeppelin, The Beatles, Chase, Pat Metheny, Sting, The Who, Rush, Meet The Flintstones, and Chick Corea. The brass and woodwind music is arranged by Lutz and the percussion music is arranged by Jim Morris.
Peter Kempny
Peter Kempny (5 February 1862 – 20 May 1906) was an Austrian physician, entomologist, and musician. He took a special interest in the neuroptera of Austro-Hungary. He also worked on the stoneflies of Europe.

Plecoptera
Plecoptera is an order of insects commonly known as stoneflies. Some 3,500 species are described worldwide, with new species still being discovered. Stoneflies are found worldwide, except Antarctica. Stoneflies are believed to be one of the most primitive groups of Neoptera, with close relatives identified from the Carboniferous and Lower Permian geological periods, while true stoneflies are known from fossils only a bit younger. Their modern diversity, however, apparently is of Mesozoic origin.

Plecoptera are found in both the Southern and Northern Hemispheres, and the populations are quite distinct, although the evolutionary evidence suggests species may have crossed the equator on a number of occasions before once again becoming geographically isolated.

All species of Plecoptera are intolerant of water pollution, and the presence of their nymphs in a stream or still water is usually an indicator of good or excellent water quality.
31st Annual South African Music Awards
The 31st Annual South African Music Awards (or SAMA31) were initially scheduled for the first half of 2025 but have been rescheduled to 14 December 2025. Primarily sponsored by the Motsepe Foundation, the event is presented by the Recording Industry of South Africa. It will be broadcast live on YouTube and SABC1, honouring excellence in South African Music by celebrating the best albums, music videos, and songs released in South Africa between 16 April 2024 and 31 January 2025.

SABC 1
SABC 1 is a South African public television network operated by the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC). It broadcasts programming in English and Nguni languages.

SABC 1 was established in 1996 following the SABC's restructuring of its television channels. Much of its programming was carried over from the TV1 network, which had itself been formed from the timeshared channels TV2, TV3, and TV4 in the 1980s. SABC 1 attracts the largest audience in South Africa due to its diverse programming, including SABC's longest-running soap opera, Generations: The Legacy, as well as Uzalo and Skeem Saam.

As of June 2018, the channel began broadcasting in high definition.
Tiantishan Caves
The Tiantishan Caves (Chinese: 天梯山石窟; pinyin: Tiāntīshān shíkū) are a series of rock cut Buddhist cave temples in the Liangzhou District of Wuwei, Gansu, northwest China. Excavated from the eastern cliffs of the Huangyang River (黃羊河) in the Qilian Mountains from the time of the Northern Liang, carving, decoration and subsequent modification of the caves continued through the Northern Wei and Tang to the Qing dynasty. The complex is identified with the Liangzhou Caves opened during the time of Juqu Mengxun "one hundred li to the south of Liangzhou", as recorded in the Spring and Autumn Annals of the Sixteen Kingdoms and Fayuan Zhulin. The name Tiantishan consists of three Chinese characters (天梯山) that literally translate as "Ladder to Heaven Mountain".

Liangzhou, Wuwei
Liangzhou District (simplified Chinese: 凉州区; traditional Chinese: 涼州區; pinyin: Liángzhōu Qū) is a district and the seat of the city of Wuwei, Gansu province, China, bordering Inner Mongolia to the east.
William Ryerson Dempsey
William Ryerson Dempsey (October 4, 1832 – February 13, 1914) was a farmer and politician in Ontario, Canada. He represented Prince Edward in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1898 to 1902 as a Conservative member.

The son of William Dempsey and Sarah Mikel, he was born in Prince Edward County, Upper Canada and was educated at the normal school in Toronto. Dempsey taught school for several years and then became a fruit grower and fruit dealer. He served as township reeve for six years and was warden for Prince Edward County, also serving as a justice of the peace. Dempsey was a Captain in the 16th Prince Edward Battalion during the Fenian raids. He married Emily Boulter.

Prince Edward County, Ontario
Prince Edward County (PEC) is a single-tier municipality in southern Ontario, Canada. Its coastline on Lake Ontario’s northeastern shore is known for Sandbanks Provincial Park, sand beaches, and limestone cliffs. The Regent Theatre, a restored Edwardian Opera  House, sits at the heart of the town of Picton on the Bay of Quinte. Nearby Macaulay Heritage Park highlights local history through its 19th-century buildings. In 2021, Prince Edward County had a census population of 25,704. Prince Edward County is a single-tier municipality and a census division of the Canadian province of Ontario.
Fold-Pak
Fold-Pak, formerly Bloomer Brothers of Newark, NY, is a division of WestRock with three production facilities: Hazleton, PA, Fresno, CA, and Lebanon, TN. The company manufactures containers for take-out food under the Fold-Pak, Bio-Pak, Bio-Plus, and SmartServ product lines.

The containers come in a variety of sizes and designs, some of which can be stored flat and set up when needed, and others which are ready for use. They are lightweight, made primarily of coated cardboard to resist grease and liquids.

Hazleton, Pennsylvania
Hazleton is a city in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 29,963 at the 2020 census. Hazleton is the second-most populous city in Luzerne County. It was incorporated as a borough on January 5, 1857, and as a city on December 4, 1891.

Hazleton is located in Northeastern Pennsylvania, 35 miles (56 km) northwest of Allentown, 82 miles (132 km) north-northwest of Philadelphia and 106 miles (171 km) west of New York City.
NBA (2005 video game)
NBA, also referred to as NBA 2005, is a 2005 basketball video game developed by San Diego Studio and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation Portable. It was the first licensed basketball game to be released for the system and the final NBA game to be released under the 989 Sports brand.

San Diego Studio
San Diego Studio is an American video game developer of Sony Interactive Entertainment based in Sorrento Valley, San Diego. It is responsible for MLB: The Show games. The studio also developed the NBA series, The Mark of Kri, High Velocity Bowling, and Sports Champions.
James Livingston (bishop)
James Livingston was a 15th-century cleric from East Lothian in south-eastern Scotland. Born at an unknown date in the 15th century, he was a son of the Laird of Saltcoats. He chose a career in the church, and became rector of the churches of Forteviot and Weme, and vicar of Innerleithen. By 1474, if not earlier, he had become dean for the whole diocese of Dunkeld. After the death of Thomas Lauder, Livingston was chosen as his successor as Bishop of Dunkeld. Although Livingston's appointment was contested at Rome by Thomas Spens, Bishop of Aberdeen, who wanted to be translated to Dunkeld, Livingston was consecrated on 30 June 1476. Livingston's episcopate is relatively obscure; he spent a good deal of time in Edinburgh, where he is witness to several charters. He died at Edinburgh, on 28 August 1483. He was buried in Inchcolm.

Saltcoats
Saltcoats (Scottish Gaelic: Baile an t-Salainn; Scots: Saulcuts) is a town on the west coast of North Ayrshire, Scotland. The name is derived from the town's earliest industry when salt was harvested from the sea water of the Firth of Clyde, carried out in small cottages along the shore. It is part of the 'Three Towns' conurbation along with Ardrossan and Stevenston and is the third largest town in North Ayrshire.
Megan Sturge
Megan Lily Sturge (born 3 November 2004) is an English cricketer who currently plays for Kent, on loan from Hampshire. She plays as a right-handed batter, right-arm leg spin bowler and occasional wicket-keeper.

Hampshire Women cricket team
The Hampshire Women's cricket team is the women's representative cricket team for the English historic county of Hampshire, and was a replacement for regional team Southern Vipers. They play their home games at various grounds across the county, including the Rose Bowl, Arundel Castle Cricket Ground, and Falkland CC. They are captained by Georgia Adams. They currently play in the Women's One-Day Cup and the Women's T20 Blast
Chronic Tacos
Chronic Tacos is an American chain of fast casual restaurants specializing in tacos, Mission or California burritos, tostada bowls, carne asada fries and churros. The first Chronic Tacos restaurant was opened in 2002 in Newport Beach, California, by Daniel Biello and Randy Wyner. As of 2020, the company operates over 60 locations across the United States, Canada and Japan.

Since 2011, the company has partnered with Dexter Holland's Gringo Bandito hot sauce company to host the Gringo Bandito Chronic Tacos Challenge, a competitive eating contest in which Takeru Kobayashi set world records in 2015 and again in 2017 for taco eating.

Competitive eating
Competitive eating, or speed eating, is a sport in which participants compete against each other to eat large quantities of food, usually in a short time period. Contests are typically eight to ten minutes long, although some competitions can last up to thirty minutes, with the person consuming the most food being declared the winner. Competitive eating is most popular in the United States, Canada, and Japan, where organized professional eating contests often offer prizes, including cash.
Massilia oculi
Massilia oculi is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium  from the genus Massilia and  family Oxalobacteraceae, which was isolated from a patient suffering from endophthalmitis. Its 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis has shown that it belongs to Massilia.

16S ribosomal RNA
16S ribosomal RNA (or 16S rRNA) is the RNA component of the 30S subunit of a prokaryotic ribosome (SSU rRNA). It binds to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and provides most of the SSU structure.

The genes coding for it are referred to as 16S rRNA genes and are used in reconstructing phylogenies, due to the slow rates of evolution of this region of the gene. Carl Woese and George E. Fox were two of the people who pioneered the use of 16S rRNA in phylogenetics in 1977. Multiple sequences of the 16S rRNA gene can exist within a single bacterium.
Garment Capitol Building
The Garment Capitol Building is a historic building in Los Angeles. Its developer was Florence Casler. It was designed in the Gothic Revival architectural style by William Douglas Lee, and it was completed in 1926. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since March 8, 2010. It was acquired by developer Naty Saidoff in 2012, who invested US$20 million to restore it.

Naty Saidoff
Naty Saidoff (born 1954/1955) is an Israeli-born American diamond dealer, real estate investor and philanthropist. Born in Israel, he grew up on a kibbutz and emigrated to the United States for college. He started his career as a diamond dealer. He is the founder of Capital Foresight Investment, a real estate investment company with rental properties across the United States. He is a large property investor in Downtown Los Angeles. He supports pro-Israel non-profit organizations.
Pennsylvania Route 5
Pennsylvania Route 5 (PA 5) is a westward continuation of New York State Route 5 (NY 5). Located in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in the United States, it runs from North East, Pennsylvania at the New York-Pennsylvania border to Springfield Township in western Erie County, for a total of 44.85 miles (72.18 km).

This highway has been designated as the Purple Heart Highway but is most frequently referred to as Lake Road. The Seaway Trail runs along PA 5 for most of its course in Pennsylvania.

Lawrence Park Township, Pennsylvania
Lawrence Park Township is the only first class township in Erie County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 3,824 at the 2020 census, down from 4,048 at the 2000 census. The 2010 census counted a population of 3,982, for a decline of 1.6% during the decade. The entire township is also listed as a census-designated place.

The township was established in 1910 as a company town for General Electric. It was named after USS Lawrence, flagship of Oliver Hazard Perry, and her namesake, James Lawrence, commander of USS Chesapeake during the War of 1812.
Commonwealth Mountain
Commonwealth Mountain is a mountain on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada. It lies in western Quttinirpaaq National Park, which is the most northerly extent of Canada, and is the second most northerly park on Earth after Northeast Greenland National Park.

With a height of 2,225 m (7,300 ft), it is highest point of the Challenger Mountains which in turn form part of the Arctic Cordillera mountain range.

Northeast Greenland National Park
Northeast Greenland National Park (Greenlandic: Kalaallit Nunaanni nuna eqqissisimatitaq, Danish: Grønlands Nationalpark) is the world's largest national park and the 10th largest protected area (the only larger protected areas consist mostly of sea). Established in 1974, the Northeast Greenland national park expanded to its present size in 1988. It protects 972,000 km2 (375,000 mi2) of the interior and northeastern coast of Greenland and is larger than the area of Tanzania, but smaller than that of Egypt. This means that the national park is bigger than 166 of the world's 195 countries. It was the first national park to be created in the Kingdom of Denmark and remains Greenland's only national park. It is the northernmost national park in the world and the second-largest by area of any second-level subdivision of any country in the world, trailing only the Qikiqtaaluk Region in Nunavut, Canada.
2010 Oberstaufen Cup
The 2010 Oberstaufen Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. This was the eleventh edition of the tournament which is part of the 2010 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Oberstaufen, Germany between 5 July and 11 July 2010.

Cedrik-Marcel Stebe
Cedrik-Marcel Stebe (German pronunciation: [ˌtseːdʁɪk ˌmaʁsɛl ˈʃteːbə]; born 9 October 1990) is a German professional tennis player. He reached his career-high singles ranking of world No. 71 in February 2012.
Outline of Taoism
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Taoism:

Taoism – philosophical, ethical, and religious tradition of Chinese origin that emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao (also romanized as Dao). The term Tao means "way", "path" or "principle", and can also be found in Chinese philosophies and religions other than Taoism. In Taoism, however, Tao denotes something that is both the source and the driving force behind everything that exists. It is ultimately ineffable: "The Tao that can be told is not the eternal Tao." Also called Daoism.

Taiji (philosophy)
In Chinese philosophy, taiji (Chinese: 太極; pinyin: tàijí; Wade–Giles: tʻai chi; trans. "supreme ultimate") is a cosmological state of the universe and its affairs on all levels—including the mutually reinforcing, codependent interactions between the two opposing forces of yin and yang (a dualistic monism), as well as that among the Three Treasures, the four cardinal directions, and the Five Elements—which together ultimately bring about the myriad of things from the Eight directions, each with their own nature. The concept of taiji has reappeared throughout the technological, religious, and philosophical history of the Sinosphere, finding concrete application in techniques developed in acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine.