hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The South Carolina Review
The South Carolina Review is a literary journal published by Clemson University. It was founded in 1968 as Furman Studies, edited by Professor Al Reid at Furman University and moved to Clemson in 1973, where it was initially co-edited by Richard J. Calhoun and Robert W. Hill. Early Managing editors were G. William Koon, Carol Johnston, and Frank Day.

The South Carolina Review has published work by Julian Bell, Stephen Dixon, Robert Parham, Iris Murdoch, Doris Betts, Walker Percy, Joyce Carol Oates, Cleanth Brooks, Kate Myers Hanson, Ruth Fairbanks, Marjorie Perloff, Jacob M. Appel, Mark Steadman, Robert Pinsky, Lewis Turco, James Dickey, Derek Walcott, Dede Wilson, Leslie A. Fielder, Donald Hall, Eudora Welty, George Palmer Garrett, Josephine Humphreys, George Will and Garrison Keillor.

Lewis Turco
Lewis Putnam Turco (May 2, 1934 – September 25, 2024) was an American poet, teacher, and writer of fiction and non-fiction. Turco was an advocate for Formalist poetry (or New Formalism) in the United States.
Bristol Manor Farm F.C.
Bristol Manor Farm Football Club is an English football club based in Bristol, England. They are currently members of the Southern League Division One South and play at The Creek. The club is affiliated to the Gloucestershire County FA.

FA Vase
The Football Association Challenge Vase, also known as the Isuzu FA Vase for sponsorship reasons, is an annual football competition run by and named after The Football Association (The FA), for teams playing in Steps 5 and 6 of the English National League System. Nearly 600 teams participate in this knockout competition with semi-finals played over two legs. The final is played at Wembley Stadium.

The 2025 winners were Whitstable Town, who beat AFC Whyteleafe 2–1 at Wembley Stadium.
The Year's Best Fantasy and Horror
The Year's Best Fantasy and Horror was a reprint anthology published annually by St. Martin's Press from 1988 to 2007. In addition to the short stories, supplemented by a list of honorable mentions, each edition included a number of retrospective essays by the editors and others. The first two anthologies were originally published under the name The Year's Best Fantasy before the title was changed beginning with the third book.

For most of its run, the series was edited by Terri Windling and Ellen Datlow, with Windling primarily responsible for the "fantasy" portion of the content and Datlow for the "horror" portion. From the 16th edition (covering works first published in 2003), Windling's role was taken by the team of Kelly Link and Gavin Grant.  The cover art for every edition was done by Thomas Canty. In 2009, it was announced that there would be no 2009 edition. Ellen Datlow is now editing The Best Horror of the Year published by Night Shade Books.

Jane Yolen
Jane Hyatt Yolen (born February 11, 1939) is an American writer of fantasy, science fiction, and children's books. She is the author or editor of more than 400 books, of which the best known is The Devil's Arithmetic, a Holocaust novella. Her other works include the Nebula Award−winning short works "Sister Emily's Lightship" and "Lost Girls", Owl Moon, The Emperor and the Kite, and the Commander Toad series. She has collaborated on works with all three of her children, most extensively with Adam Stemple.

Yolen delivered the inaugural Alice G. Smith Lecture at the University of South Florida in 1989. In 2012 she became the first woman to give the Andrew Lang lecture. Yolen published her 400th book in early 2021, Bear Outside.
Danny Lopes
Danny Lopes is an American actor and model.

He played the lead role of Bobby in Dante Tomaselli's film Desecration in 1999. Tomaselli cast Lopes for Horror, his second feature film, in 2002, which also stars Kreskin.

He earned his acting certificate from the New York Film Academy while continuing to work with Tomaselli on Satan's Playground with Ellen Sandweiss, Edwin Neal and Felissa Rose.

Lopes acted in an episode of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D..

New York Film Academy
New York Film Academy – School of Film and Acting (NYFA) is a private for-profit film school and acting school based in New York City, Los Angeles, and Miami. The New York Film Academy was founded in 1992 by Jerry Sherlock, a former film, television and theater producer. It was originally located at the Tribeca Film Center. In 1994, NYFA moved to 100 East 17th Street, the former Tammany Hall building in the Union Square. After 23 years of occupancy, the academy relocated from Tammany Hall to 17 Battery Place.

As of 2012, the school had 400+ employees and over 5,000 students per year (many of them from outside the United States). NYFA offers master, bachelor, and associate degrees, as well as one- and two-year conservatory programs, short-term workshops, and youth programs and summer camps.
Grown Up (film)
Grown Up is a 1993 7 minute 16mm short animated film by Joanna Priestley, using drawings on paper, pixellated hands and object animation.  The film was written by Barbara Carnegie and Joanna Priestley, and directed, produced, and animated by Priestley.

Joanna Priestley
Joanna Priestley (born November 25, 1950) is an American contemporary film director, producer, animator and teacher. Her films are in the collections of the Academy Film Archive in Los Angeles and the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Priestley has had retrospectives at the British Film Institute, Museum of Modern Art and Hiroshima International Animation Festival in Japan. Bill Plympton calls her the "Queen of independent animation". Priestley lives and works in Portland, Oregon.
Menzio
Menzio is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anna Menzio (1905–1994), stage name Wanda Osiris, Italian revue soubrette, actress and singer

Francesco Menzio (1899–1979), Italian painter

Wanda Osiris
Anna Maria Menzio (3 June 1905 – 11 November 1994), known professionally as Wanda Osiris (pronounced [ˈvanda oˈziːris]; italianized as Vanda Osiri during the Fascist era), was an Italian revue soubrette, actress and singer.
Leptoconops amplificatus
Leptoconops amplificatus is an extinct species of biting midge belonging to the family Ceratopogonidae. This species was described from fossilized remains preserved in Lower Cretaceous amber from Lebanon.

The species name amplificatus (enlarged, extended) was given in reference to the presence of 13 flagellomeres in the female antennae. L. amplificatus is the only species of Ceratopogonidae to possess this many antennal flagellomeres as well as an elongate, slender cercus. Another species of Leptoconops discovered in the same piece of amber, Leptoconops antiquus, also possesses 13 flagellomeres, but is differentiated by a basally broadened cercus.

Cercus
Cerci (sg.: cercus) are paired appendages usually on the rear-most segments of many arthropods, including insects and symphylans. Many forms of cerci serve as sensory organs, but some serve as pinching weapons or as organs of copulation. In many insects, they simply may be functionless vestigial structures.

In basal arthropods, such as silverfish, the cerci originate from the eleventh abdominal segment. As segment eleven is reduced or absent in the majority of arthropods, in such cases, the cerci emerge from the tenth abdominal segment. It is not clear that other structures so named are homologous. In the Symphyla they are associated with spinnerets.
Leslie Dreyer
Leslie Dreyer is a Bay Area-based artist, educator and organizer. She designs creative action, art, and media strategies for social justice initiatives, largely focused on global real estate speculation, hyper-gentrification, displacement, and the tech industry's impact on housing and inequality. The collaborative work often fuses public installation, guerrilla theatre, tactical media and smart mobs.

Smart mob
A smart mob is a group whose coordination and communication abilities have been empowered by digital communication technologies. Smart mobs are particularly known for their ability to mobilize quickly.

The concept was introduced by Howard Rheingold in his 2002 book Smart Mobs: The Next Social Revolution. Rheingold defined the smart mob as follows: "Smart mobs consist of people who are able to act in concert even if they don’t know each other... because they carry devices that possess both communication and computing capabilities". In December of that year, the "smart mob" concept was highlighted in the New York Times "Year in Ideas".
Aref Ghafouri
Aref Ghafouri (Persian: عارف غفوری; born 11 December 1989 in Urmia) is a Turkish-Iranian illusionist who won the Merlin Award. He was known in Yetenek Sizsiniz Türkiye. Ghafouri is a citizen of Turkey.

In July 2018, he was bitten by an Egyptian cobra while preparing for a show in Turkey. He was evacuated to Egypt for treatment with the anti-venom, and made a full recovery. He is of Iranian Azerbaijani descent.

Turkish nationality law
Turkish nationality law is based primarily on the principle of jus sanguinis. Children who are born to a Turkish mother or a Turkish father (in or out of marriage) are Turkish citizens from birth. The intention to renounce Turkish citizenship (or acquire citizenship from another state) is submitted in Turkey by a petition to the highest administrative official in the concerned person's place of residence, and when overseas to the Turkish consulate. Documents processed by these authorities are forwarded to the Ministry of Interior (Turkey) for appropriate action.
Lower South Waziristan District
Lower South Waziristan District (Urdu: ضلع زیریں جنوبی وزیرستان; Pashto: ښکته جنوبي وزیرستان ولسوالۍ) ("Mahsood Waziristan" now),  is a district located in the Dera Ismail Khan Division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The Lower South Waziristan District was created in April 2022 after the South Waziristan District was bifurcated into Lower South Waziristan and Upper South Waziristan. Wana city serves as its capital and district headquarters.

Districts of Pakistan
The districts of Pakistan (Urdu: اِضلاعِ پاكِستان) are the third-level administrative divisions of Pakistan, below provinces and divisions, but forming the first-tier of local government. In total, there are 145 districts in Pakistan. excluding Islamabad Capital Territory. These districts are further divided into tehsils and union councils.
Malka Balo
Malka Balo (Oromo: Aanaa Malkaa Balloo) is a Districts of Ethiopia in Oromia, Ethiopia. Part of the  East Hararghe Zone, Malka Balo is bordered on the west by the West Hararghe Zone, on the north by Deder, on the northeast by Bedeno, and on the southeast by Gola Odana Meyumuluke; part of the boundary with the West Hararghe Zone is defined by the Galetti River. The administrative center for this woreda is Jaja; other towns include Bareda, Harawacha and Harew.

Districts of Ethiopia
Districts of Ethiopia, also called woredas (Amharic: ወረዳ; Oromo: woreda), are the third level of the administrative divisions of Ethiopia – after zones and the regional states.

These districts are further subdivided into a number of wards called kebele neighbourhood associations, which are the smallest unit of local government in Ethiopia.
Mary Elizabeth Flores
Mary Elizabeth "Lizzy" Flores Flake (born December 6, 1973) is a journalist, lawyer, politician and diplomat, the daughter of the former Honduran president Carlos Flores Facussé. Her mother is Mary Flake de Flores, who is American.

On January 25, 2006, Flores took office as vice-president of the National Congress of Honduras, representing the Liberal Party. In April 2010, she became Permanent Representative of Honduras to the United Nations.

Flores has two children.

President of Honduras
The president of Honduras (Spanish: Presidente de Honduras), officially known as the  president of the Republic of Honduras (Spanish: Presidente de la República de Honduras), is the head of state and head of government of Honduras, and the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces. According to the 1982 Constitution of Honduras, the Government of Honduras consists of three branches: executive, legislative and judicial. The president is the head of the executive branch, their primary duty being to "execute and enforce the Constitution, treaties and conventions, laws and other legal dispositions". The President is directly elected for a four-year term.
M.I Abaga
Jude Lemfani Abaga (born 4 October 1981), known professionally as M.I Abaga or M.I, is a Nigerian rapper, songwriter, record producer, and entrepreneur. He gained recognition after releasing the 2006 single "Crowd Mentality", which appeared on his debut studio album Talk About It (2008).

Since then, he has released the albums MI 2: The Movie (2010), The Chairman (2014), and The Guy (2022). He was the CEO of Chocolate City from 2015 to 2019 before leaving in 2020 to establish his own label, Incredible Music. He is known for revolutionizing Nigerian hip hop on the continent, including how rap cyhers in Africa are made. According to Okay Africa, M.I is one of the greatest African rappers of all time. His awards include Best Hip-Hop Act at the MTV Africa Music Awards in 2009, and a nomination for the BET Awards in 2010.

BET Awards 2010
The 10th BET Awards took place at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, California on June 27, 2010. The awards recognized Americans in music, acting, sports, and other fields of entertainment over the past year. Queen Latifah hosted the event for the first time.
The Lives of Others (novel)
The Lives of Others is a novel by Neel Mukherjee. It was published in 2014 by Chatto & Windus in the UK and W. W. Norton & Company in the US. The novel, the author's second one, was shortlisted for the 2014 Man Booker Prize on 9 September 2014. Bookbinder Tom McEwan was commissioned to make a custom binding for the book at the ceremony at the Guildhall.

The novel is set in Calcutta (Kolkata) in the 1960s and follows a wealthy business family, one of whose members gets involved in extremist political activism. The book deals with the chasm between generations, and is set against a backdrop in which the gulf between the poor and the wealthy has never been wider.

Anita Desai
Anita Desai FRSL (born Anita Mazumdar; 1937) is an Indian novelist and emerita John E. Burchard Professor of Humanities at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She has been shortlisted for the Booker Prize three times. She received the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1978 for her novel Fire on the Mountain, from the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Literature. She won the Guardian Prize for The Village by the Sea (1983). Her other works include Cry, the Peacock, Voices in the City (1963), Fire on the Mountain (1977) and an anthology of short stories, Games at Twilight (1978). She is on the advisory board of the Lalit Kala Akademi and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature, London. Since 2020 she has been a Companion of Literature.
Communes of the Nord department
The following is a list of the 647 communes of the Nord department of the French Republic.

The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2025):

Métropole Européenne de Lille

Communauté urbaine de Dunkerque

Communauté d'agglomération de Cambrai

Communauté d'agglomération du Caudrésis et du Catésis

Communauté d'agglomération Cœur de Flandre

CA Douaisis Agglo

Communauté d'agglomération Maubeuge Val de Sambre

Communauté d'agglomération de la Porte du Hainaut

Communauté d'agglomération Valenciennes Métropole

Communauté de communes du Cœur de l'Avesnois

Communauté de communes Cœur d'Ostrevent

Communauté de communes Flandre Lys (partly)

Communauté de communes des Hauts de Flandre

Communauté de communes du Pays de Mormal

Communauté de communes du Pays Solesmois

Communauté de communes Pévèle-Carembault

Communauté de communes du Sud Avesnois

Communauté d'agglomération Maubeuge Val de Sambre
The Communauté d'agglomération Maubeuge Val de Sambre is an intercommunal structure, centred on the city of Maubeuge. It is located in the Nord department, in the Hauts-de-France region, northern France. It was created in December 2013. Its seat is in Maubeuge. Its area is 343.6 km2. Its population was 125,651 in 2017, of which 29,944 in Maubeuge proper.
Disufenton/acetylcysteine
Disufenton/acetylcysteine (also known as HPN-07/NAC, NHPN-1010, or NXY-059/NAC) is an investigational combination therapy consisting of the nitrone free-radical trap disufenton sodium and the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). It has been studied in preclinical research for noise-induced sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, cochlear synaptopathy, and traumatic brain injury, although as of 2024 there is no reported clinical development for any indication.

Nitrone
In organic chemistry, a nitrone is a functional group consisting of an N-oxide of an imine. The general structure is R1R2C=N+(−O−)(−R3), where R3 is not a hydrogen. Their primary application is intermediates in chemical synthesis. A nitrone is a 1,3-dipole used in cycloadditions, and a carbonyl mimic.
John Paul Verboncoeur
John Paul Verboncoeur is an American electrical engineer and computational plasma physicist. He is a professor of electrical and computer engineering and of computational mathematics, science, and engineering at Michigan State University, where he also serves as senior associate dean for research and graduate studies in the College of Engineering. He was elected a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2013 for contributions to computational plasma physics and plasma device applications.

Verboncoeur is the author and coauthor of the MSU (formerly Berkeley) suite of particle-in-cell Monte Carlo (PIC-MC) plasma simulation codes, including XPDP1 and XOOPIC, which have been used by more than 1,000 researchers worldwide. He has served in senior leadership roles within the IEEE, including as president of the IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society (2015–2016), IEEE Division IV director (2019–2020), and vice president of IEEE Technical Activities (2023).

Particle-in-cell
In plasma physics, the particle-in-cell (PIC) method refers to a technique used to solve a certain class of partial differential equations.  In this method, individual particles (or fluid elements) in a Lagrangian frame are tracked in continuous phase space, whereas moments of the distribution such as densities and currents are computed simultaneously on Eulerian (stationary) mesh points.

PIC methods were already in use as early as 1955,
even before the first Fortran compilers were available. The method gained popularity for plasma simulation in the late 1950s and early 1960s by Buneman, Dawson, Hockney, Birdsall, Morse and others. In plasma physics applications, the method amounts to following the trajectories of charged particles in self-consistent electromagnetic (or electrostatic) fields computed on a fixed mesh.
Christopher Bieber
Christopher Bieber (born 3 July 1989) is a German footballer who most recently played for TSV Aubstadt in the Regionalliga Bayern.

Bieber made his debut for Karlsruher SC on 5 February 2010, in a 2–1 away defeat against St. Pauli, after he came off the bench to replace Lars Stindl on the 82 minute. After two seasons with Karlsruhe's first team, Bieber moved abroad to Dutch FC Oss.

TOP Oss
TOP Oss (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈtɔp ɔs]), is a professional association football club based in the town of Oss, North Brabant, Netherlands, that competes in the Eerste Divisie, the second tier of the Dutch football league system. Founded in 1928 as T.O.P., a Dutch abbreviation for Tot Ons Plezier (English translation: To our pleasure), the team plays its home matches at the Frans Heesen Stadion, where it has been based since 1946.

The club's history includes numerous promotions and relegations, and some spells of sustained success. It has perhaps been most prominent since the early 1990s, where the club established itself in the second-tier of Dutch football. TOP Oss have a rivalry with nearby club FC Den Bosch.
Parashqevi Simaku
Parashqevi Simaku (born 1 September 1966) is an Albanian singer who rose to prominence in the 1980s and became one of the most recognizable voices in Albanian popular music during the late communist period. She is best known for her performances at Festivali i Këngës, winning first prize in 1985 and 1988.

Fall of communism in Albania
The fall of communism in Albania, sometimes called "De-Enverization", the last such event in Europe outside the Soviet Union, started in December 1990 with student demonstrations in the capital, Tirana, although protests started in January that year in other cities like Shkodër and Kavajë. The Central Committee of the communist Party of Labour of Albania allowed political pluralism on 11 December and the largest opposition party, the Democratic Party, was founded the next day. March 1991 elections left the Party of Labour in power, but a general strike and urban opposition led to the formation of a "stability government" that included non-communists. Albania's former communists were routed in elections in March 1992 amid economic collapse and social unrest, with the Democratic Party winning most seats and its party head, Sali Berisha, becoming president.
Earl of Hertford (1781 EIC ship)
Earl of Hertford was launched on the River Thames in 1781. Captain Daniel Clarke sailed from Gravesend on 6 May, bound for India and stopped at Portsmouth on 18 May. She sailed from Portsmouth on 11 June. She stopped at Saint Helena and then arrived at Madras. She foundered at Madras Roads on 15 October 1782 in a monsoon while she lay at anchor.

Earl of Hertford had been carrying cargo destined for China. At Madras these was also other cargo destined for China that had belonged to Latham and Fortitude General Coote, Francis, and Montague carried the cargo to Canton.

Roadstead
A roadstead or  road is a sheltered body of water where ships can lie reasonably safely at anchor without dragging or snatching. Protected from rip currents, spring tides, or ocean swell, a roadstead can be open or natural, usually estuary-based, or may be created artificially. In maritime law, it is described as a convenient or safe place where boats usually anchor.
Prince Godefroid Kamatari
Prince Godefroid Kamatari (1957 – 20 August 2005) was a grandson of Mwami Mutaga IV Mbikije of Burundi, and a son of Prince Ignace Kamatari (d. 1964 in Bujumbura) and his second wife Princess Agrippine.

Prince Kamatari led the Abahuza party in Burundi, which advocates a return of a constitutional monarchy in Burundi, as a stabilising factor in its bloody history. Most of the exiled members of the royal family live in France and elsewhere in Europe.

He died in Kigali, Rwanda on 20 August 2005.

Mutaga IV of Burundi
Mutaga IV Mbikije (c. 1892 – 30 November 1915) was the king of Burundi from 21 August 1908 until 30 November 1915. He was the son of Mwami Mwezi IV. 
He inherited the throne at the age of 15, after his father died in 1908, under the regnal name of Mutaga. Being too young to ensure continuity, he ruled with the help of a regency council consisting of another wife of his father, Ririkumutima, and a half-brother of this father, Ntanigera. Mutaga IV died prematurely in November 1915 after a fight that supposedly pitted him against his younger brother, Prince Bangura.

He had two sons:

Mwambutsa IV Bangiricenge

Prince Ignace Kamatari (died 1964), father of Princess Esther Kamatari

His stepmother, Ririkumutima, served as regent for much of his reign.