hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Amsler sign
Amsler sign also known as Amsler–Verrey sign is the name of the diagnostic finding seen in people with Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis (FHI). It is described as presence of blood (hyphema) in the aspirated aqueous fluid, in paracentesis of the anterior chamber, and is caused due to iris atrophy usually seen in FHI and exposure of the fragile iris vasculature to the aqueous fluid. The sudden change of pressure in the anterior chamber upon suction induced by the paracentesis, or during a cataract surgery, causes bursting of the fragile superficial iris capillaries resulting in micro-bleeding. This is one clinical diagnostic sign of FHI.

Iris (anatomy)
The iris (pl.: irides or irises) is a thin, annular structure in the eye in most mammals and birds that is responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil, and thus the amount of light reaching the retina. In optical terms, the pupil is the eye's aperture, while the iris is the diaphragm. Eye color is defined by the iris.
Rhinolophus bat coronavirus HKU2
Rhinolophus bat coronavirus HKU2 (Chinese horseshoe bat virus; Bat-CoV HKU2) is a novel enveloped, single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus species in the Alphacoronavirus, or Group 1, genus with a corona-like morphology.

Viral envelope
A viral envelope is the outermost layer of many types of viruses. It protects the genetic material in their life cycle when traveling between host cells. Not all viruses have envelopes. A viral envelope protein or E protein is a protein in the envelope, which may be acquired by the capsid from an infected host cell.
Keith Naughton
Keith Naughton is a Republican political consultant.

He worked as campaign manager for Bruce Castor during the early stages of his campaign for Pennsylvania Attorney General. After Castor began attacking Pennsylvania Republican National Committee Robert B. Asher, Naughton stepped down.

In 2003, he managed the Susan Gantman's campaign for Pennsylvania Superior Court, the only statewide Republican victory that year. He also managed both statewide judicial campaigns for J. Michael Eakin. He was named to the PoliticsPA list of "Pennsylvania's Top Operatives" in 2003

In an op-ed to The Hill, he expresses distrust of the modern pediatric psychiatry, alleging profit-motivated over-diagnosis and over-treatment of autism and ADHD, and similar profit motivations for the treatments promoted by what he refers to as "transgenderism".

The Hill (newspaper)
The Hill, formed in 1994, is an American newspaper and digital media company based in Washington, D.C. Focusing on politics, policy, business and international relations, The Hill's coverage includes the U.S. Congress, the presidency and executive branch, and election campaigns, among other topics. Its stated mission is "nonpartisan reporting on the inner workings of government and the nexus of politics and business," and other sources have confirmed its reputation as a nonpartisan news organization.

The company's primary outlet is TheHill.com. The Hill is additionally distributed in print for free around the Washington, D.C., area, and distributed to all congressional offices. It has been owned by Nexstar Media Group since 2021. In 2020, The Hill was ranked second for online politics readership across all news sites, behind only CNN, remaining ahead of Politico, Fox News, NBCNews.com, and MSNBC. As of October 2025, The Hill attracts about 42 million monthly website visits.
Henryk Apostel
Henryk Paweł Apostel (born 29 January 1941) is a Polish former professional football manager and player.

He played for Polonia Bytom, Legia Warsaw, Chicago Eagles, Śląsk Wrocław and Polonia Warsaw. He capped once for Poland.

He managed Pogoń Siedlce, Poland U18, Poland U21, Śląsk Wrocław, Lech Poznań, Chicago Eagles, Górnik Zabrze, Poland, Wisła Kraków, Sur SC and KSZO Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski. Apostel managed Chicago Eagles to the 1990 U.S. Open Cup title.

Sur SC
Sur Sports Club (Arabic: نادي صور الرياضي) is an Omani sports club based in Sur. The club currently plays in the Oman Professional League, top division of Oman Football Association. Their home stadium is Sur Sports Complex. The stadium is government owned, but they also own their personal stadium and sports equipment, as well as their own training facilities.
Thomas Lynch (rugby, born 1927)
Thomas William Lynch (20 July 1927 – 29 December 2006) was a New Zealand rugby union and rugby league footballer. He played three rugby union internationals for New Zealand in 1951, before switching codes and joining English club Halifax, for whom he made 188 appearances between 1951 and 1956.

Halifax Panthers
The Halifax Panthers are a professional rugby league club in Halifax, West Yorkshire, England. They play home games at The Shay and compete in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

Halifax Panthers won the League Championship four times and the Challenge Cup five times.

The club's parent company, Halifax Rugby League Football Club Limited, was placed into liquidation in February 2026 and the club's membership of the Rugby Football League terminated two days later.

They had rivalries with neighbours Bradford and Huddersfield of Super League, fellow Championship side Featherstone Rovers, and Pennines rivals Oldham and  Rochdale. The club's traditional home colours were blue and white hoops, white shorts, and blue and white socks.
Yinxi
Yinxi, formerly romanized as Yin-hsi (Chinese: 尹喜; pinyin: Yǐn xǐ), was a legendary figure of Zhou China. He was said to have been a guard at the western gate of the Zhou capital Chengzhou (present-day Luoyang) or, alternatively, at the western pass out of the Luo–Yi valley. His own wisdom caused him to halt Laozi on his way through the gate and, supposedly, he successfully importuned the sage to compose the Tao Te Ching before permitting him to pass.

He later wrote a book called Guan Yi which is of profound knowledge and revered by future scholars. He was also considered an ancient sage later on.

His own book, the Perfect Classic of the Beginning of the Scripture of the Supreme Way (無上妙道文始真經; Wushang miaodao wenshi zhenjing) was lost in the Han period, and later versions were considered to be forgeries.

Luo River (Henan)
The Luo River (Chinese: 洛河; pinyin: Luò Hé) is a tributary of the Yellow River in China. It rises in the southeast flank of Mount Hua in Shaanxi province and flows east into Henan province, where it eventually joins the Yellow River at the city of Gongyi. The river's total length is 420 kilometres (260 mi).

Although not a major river by most standards, it flows through an area of great archaeological significance in the early history of China. Principal cities or prefectures located on the river include Lushi, Luoning, Yiyang, Luoyang, Yanshi, and Gongyi. The Luo's main tributary is the Yi River, which joins it at Yanshi, after which the river is called the Yiluo River.
Edward L. Greenstein
Edward L. Greenstein (Hebrew: אדוארד גרינשטיין; born 18 January 1949, Lynbrook, NY) is an American–Israeli bible scholar and professor emeritus of Bible at Bar‑Ilan University. Known for his philological and literary analysis of the Hebrew Bible within its Ancient Near Eastern context, Greenstein’s work spans translations, academic publications, and mentorship of future scholars.

Greenstein is best known for his studies on the Book of Job, for which he was awarded Israel’s EMET Prize in Biblical Studies in 2020.

Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society
The Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society (JANES) is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal. It was established in 1968 as The Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society of Columbia University, and since 1980 it has been housed at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America. The journal is abstracted and indexed in ATLA Religion Database.
Indophenol
Indophenol is an organic compound with the formula OC6H4NC6H4OH.  It is deep blue dye that is the product of the Berthelot's reaction, a common test for ammonia.  The indophenol group, with various substituents in place of OH and various ring substitutions, is found in many dyes used in hair coloring and textiles.

Indophenol is used in hair dyes, lubricants, redox materials, liquid crystal displays, fuel cells and chemical-mechanical polishing. It is an environmental pollutant and is toxic to fish.

Chemical-mechanical polishing
Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) (also called chemical mechanical planarization) is a process of smoothing surfaces with the combination of chemical and mechanical forces. It can be thought of as a hybrid of chemical etching and free abrasive polishing. It is used in the semiconductor industry to polish semiconductor wafers as part of the integrated circuit manufacturing process.
Magomed Ibragimov (wrestler, born 1974)
Mogamed Ibragimkhalilovich Ibragimov (Azerbaijani: Məhəmməd İbrahimxəlil oğlu İbrahimov; Russian: Магомед Ибрагимхалилович Ибрагимов; Macedonian: Могамед Ибрагимхалилович Ибрагимов; born 22 July 1974) is a Russian-born Macedonian wrestler.

At the 1996 Summer Olympics he competed for Azerbaijan and finished fifth in the freestyle 82 kg event.

He competed in the freestyle 85 kg competition at the 2000 Summer Olympics and won the bronze medal. He competed for Macedonia and became the first medalist for his country.

Four years later at the 2004 Summer Olympics he finished nineteenth in the freestyle 84 kg contest after being eliminated in the first round.

Wrestling at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Wrestling at the 2004 Summer Olympics took place in the Ano Liosia Olympic Hall and was split into two disciplines, Freestyle and Greco-Roman which are further divided into different weight categories. Men competed in both disciplines whereas women only took part in the Freestyle event with 18 gold medals being contested in all. This was the first Olympic Games that included women's wrestling events on the program.
Boiled peanuts
Boiled peanuts are popular in some places where peanuts are common. Fully mature peanuts do not make good quality boiled peanuts; rather, raw or green ones are used.  Raw denotes peanuts in a semi-mature state, having achieved full size but not being fully dried, as would be needed for roasting or peanut butter use. Green denotes freshly harvested and undried peanuts that must be refrigerated. After boiling in salt water they take on a strong salty taste, becoming softer with prolonged cooking, and somewhat resembling a pea or bean, to which they are related because they are legumes and a nut only in the culinary sense.

The most flavorful peanuts for boiling are the Valencia type. These are preferred in the United States, being grown in gardens and small patches throughout the South. Green Virginia-type peanuts are also sometimes used.

Peanut butter
Peanut butter is a food paste or spread made from ground, dry-roasted peanuts. It commonly contains additional ingredients that modify the taste or texture, such as salt, sweeteners, or emulsifiers. Consumed in many countries, it is the most commonly used of the nut butters, a group that also includes cashew butter and almond butter.

Peanut butter is a nutrient-rich food containing high levels of protein, several vitamins, and dietary minerals. It is typically served as a spread on bread, toast, or crackers and used to make sandwiches (notably the peanut butter and jelly sandwich). It is also used in a number of breakfast dishes and desserts, such as granola, smoothies, crepes, cookies, brownies, or croissants.
Boetcher
Boetcher is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ib Bøtcher, also spelled Boetcher (born 1952), Danish boxer and Olympian

Sandra Boetcher, American mechanical engineer

Walter C. Boetcher (1881–1951), American politician

Ib Bøtcher
Ib Bøtcher (born 21 July 1952) is a Danish boxer. He competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics and the 1976 Summer Olympics. At the 1972 Summer Olympics, he defeated Nicolas Ortíz of Puerto Rico, before losing to John Rodgers of Ireland.
How's Chances?
"How's Chances?" is a popular song written by Irving Berlin for the 1933 musical As Thousands Cheer where it was introduced by Marilyn Miller and Clifton Webb.  In the musical, it is used in a sketch based on a newspaper headline "Joan Crawford to Divorce Douglas Fairbanks, Jr." with Marilyn Miller portraying Joan Crawford and Clifton Webb acting as Douglas Fairbanks Jr.

Clifton Webb
Webb Parmelee Hollenbeck (November 19, 1889 – October 13, 1966), known professionally as Clifton Webb, was an American actor, singer, and dancer. He worked extensively and was known for his stage appearances in the plays of Noël Coward, including Blithe Spirit, as well as appearances on Broadway in a number of successful musical revues. As a film actor, he was nominated for three Academy Awards — Best Supporting Actor for Laura (1944) and The Razor's Edge (1946), and Best Actor in a Leading Role for Sitting Pretty (1948).
Vagal escape
The Sympathetic nervous system and Parasympathetic nervous system can offset each other. One of the most classical example is called Vagal Escape. Vagal escape is characterized by a reduction in blood pressure due to muscarinic stimulation which is then compensated for stimulation from the sympathetic system to increase heart rate and thus blood pressure.
When the heart is continuously stimulated via the vagus nerve, initially there is stoppage of heart beat. With further continuous stimuli, heart beat resumes (namely the ventricles) as the parasympathetic nerves only have their influence on the SA and AV nodes of the heart and not on the musculature of the heart, which establishes its own rhythm.

Muscarinic agonist
A muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, also known as a muscarinic agonist or as a muscarinic agent, is an agent that activates the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. The muscarinic receptor has different subtypes, labelled M1-M5, allowing further differentiation.
1.Cuz
Abas Abdikarim Bakar, better known as 1.Cuz (born September 23, 1997), is a Swedish rapper of Somali heritage from Hässelby, Stockholm.  He is known for performing with a white balaclava covering his head.

1.Cuz spent two years in prison, an experience that he later said influenced his musical career. In November 2018, he released his debut single "Akta mannen", and in December 2019, his studio album 1 År reached the top of the Swedish Albums Chart. In 2022, 1.Cuz was featured on a remix of Ed Sheeran's song "2step", and the two later performed together at the Ullevi stadium. In August 2025, Ed Sheeran was the secret guest when 1.Cuz played at Gröna Lund performing "2step" with him.

Ullevi
Ullevi, sometimes known as Nya Ullevi (Swedish: [(ˈnŷːa) ˈɵ̂lːɛˌviː], New Ullevi), is a multi-purpose stadium in Gothenburg, Sweden. It was built for the 1958 FIFA World Cup, but since then has also hosted the World Allround Speed Skating Championships six times; the 1995 World Championships in Athletics and the 2006 European Athletics Championships; the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup finals in 1983 and 1990; the UEFA Euro 1992 final, the UEFA Cup final in 2004; and annually hosted the opening ceremony of the Gothia Cup, the world's largest football tournament in terms of the number of participants. IFK Göteborg has also played two UEFA Cup finals at the stadium, in 1982 and 1987, but then as "home game" in a home and away final. The stadium has hosted several events, including football, ice hockey, boxing, racing, athletics and concerts.

The stadium is one of the biggest in the Nordic countries, with a seating capacity of 43,000 and a total capacity of 75,000 for concerts.
Skaters in the Bois de Boulogne
Skaters in the Bois de Boulogne (French: Les patineurs à Longchamp) is an oil-on-canvas landscape painting by the French artist Pierre-Auguste Renoir, created during the winter of 1868. The painting depicts a snowscape with many Parisians, young and old, spending leisure time on a frozen park lake. Due to Renoir's strong dislike of cold temperatures and snow, the piece is one of his few winter landscapes.

Ambroise Vollard
Ambroise Vollard (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃bʁwaz vɔlaʁ]; 3 July 1866 – 21 July 1939) was a French art dealer who is regarded as one of the most important dealers in French contemporary art at the beginning of the twentieth century. He is credited with 
being a major supporter and champion of the contemporary artists of his period, providing exposure and emotional support to numerous then-unknown artists, including Paul Cézanne, Aristide Maillol, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Louis Valtat, Pablo Picasso, André Derain, Georges Rouault, Paul Gauguin, and Vincent van Gogh.

He was also an avid art collector and publisher, especially of print series by leading artists.
Ulakh-An
Ulakh-An (Russian: Улах-Ан; Yakut: Уулаах-Аан, Uulaax-Aan) is a rural locality (a selo), the only inhabited locality, and the administrative center of Zhersky Rural Okrug of Khangalassky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 16 kilometers (9.9 mi) from Pokrovsk, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 838, up from 834 recorded during the 2002 Census.

Pokrovsk, Sakha Republic
Pokrovsk (Russian: Покро́вск; Yakut: Покровскай, Pokrovskay) is a town and the administrative center of Khangalassky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located on the left bank of the Lena River, 78 kilometers (48 mi) southwest of Yakutsk, the capital of the republic. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 9,495.
Frasier (2023 TV series)
Frasier (/ˈfreɪʒər/) is an American television sitcom that premiered on October 12, 2023, on Paramount+. It is a revival of and a sequel to the 1993–2004 sitcom Frasier (a spin-off of the sitcom Cheers) featuring the character Frasier Crane, played by Kelsey Grammer. On February 22, 2024, the series was renewed for a second season, with production beginning on May 9. The second season was released on September 19, 2024.

On January 17, 2025, Frasier was canceled by Paramount+. At the same time, CBS Studios announced that it had planned to shop the show to other outlets, such as Prime Video or Hulu. However, no other service announced interest in a third season.

Daphne Moon
Daphne Crane (née Moon; born September 1964) is a fictional character on the American television sitcom Frasier, played by Jane Leeves. An English immigrant from Manchester, Daphne is employed by Frasier as a live-in housekeeper and physical therapist for his father, Martin. Her relationship with Frasier's brother Niles is a major plotline of the series, progressing from Niles' secret infatuation to their eventual marriage later on the show.
Deil's Dyke
Deil's Dyke, Pict's Dyke or Celt's Dyke  
in south-west lowland Scotland is a linear earthwork that roughly follows the contours that divide upland pasture from lowland arable land, effectively acting like the head-dykes of medieval and later times although its true purpose has not been settled. The Deil's Dyke, sometimes written as 'dike', is formed from an earthen berm of rounded form that varies from 2.0 to 4.0 m (6.6 to 13.1 ft) wide and a maximum of 0.7 m (2.3 ft) high, sometimes having a stone core. Where a fosse accompanies the bank it is usually an inconsequential 0.5 m (1.6 ft) or so in width on average and around 0.4 m (1.3 ft) deep, more often located on the uphill or outfield side. As a defensive structure the dyke has no obvious military value and its erratic route militates against it being a practical political boundary.

Berm
A berm is a level space, shelf, or raised barrier (usually made of compacted soil) separating areas in a vertical way, especially partway up a long slope. It can serve as a terrace road, track, path, a fortification line, a border/separation barrier for navigation, good drainage, industry, or other purposes. It can also be used on hunting property. For general applications, a berm is a physical, stationary barrier of some kind.

The word is from Middle Dutch and came into usage in English via French. In coastal geography, a berm is a bank of sand or gravel ridge parallel to the shoreline and a few tens of centimetres high, created by wave action throwing material beyond the average level of the sea. Berms are also used as a method of environmental spill containment and liquid spill control.
Turznica, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Turznica [tuʐˈnit͡sa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ostróda, within Ostróda County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) south-west of Ostróda and 46 km (29 mi) west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Gmina Ostróda
Gmina Ostróda is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Ostróda County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Ostróda, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 401.06 square kilometres (154.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 15,501.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Dylewo Hills Landscape Park.
Chaim Zhitlowsky
Chaim Zhitlowsky (Yiddish: חײם זשיטלאָװסקי; Russian: Хаим Осипович Житловский) (April 19, 1865 – May 6, 1943) was a Jewish socialist, philosopher, social and political thinker, writer and literary critic born in Ushachy, Vitebsk Governorate, Russian Empire (present-day Usachy Raion, Vitebsk Region, Belarus).

He was a founding member and theoretician of the Union of Russian Socialist Revolutionaries Abroad and the Socialist Revolutionary Party in Russia, and a key promoter of Yiddishism and Jewish Diaspora nationalism, which influenced the Jewish territorialist and nationalist movements. He was an advocate of Yiddish language,
culture and was a vice-president of the Czernowitz Yiddish Language Conference of 1908, which declared Yiddish to be "a national language of the Jewish people."

Poale Zion
Poale Zion (Yiddish: פועלי ציון, also romanized Poalei Tziyon or Poaley Syjon, meaning "Workers of Zion") was a movement of Marxist–Zionist Jewish workers founded in various cities of Poland, Europe and the Russian Empire at about the turn of the 20th century after the Bund rejected Zionism in 1901.
Live (The Fabulous Thunderbirds album)
Live is a 2001 live album by Texas-based blues rock band The Fabulous Thunderbirds. Recorded on the evening of February 16, 2000, the concert made history somewhat for becoming the first ever to be broadcast over the internet using high-definition cameras. It was also released on DVD titled Invitation Only. Some versions of the album are titled This Night in L.A..

Kim Wilson
Kim Wilson (born January 6, 1951) is an American blues singer and harmonica player. He is best known as the lead vocalist and frontman for The Fabulous Thunderbirds on two hit songs of the 1980s, "Tuff Enuff" (which was the group's only Top 40 hit) and "Wrap It Up."
John Waddington (Essex cricketer)
John Ernest Walter Waddington (22 May 1910 – 8 April 1995) was an English cricketer active in 1931 who played for Woodford Wells Cricket Club now known as Woodford Wells Club and once for Essex. He was born in Woodford Green and educated at Chigwell School and Jesus College, Cambridge. He appeared in just one first-class match as a righthanded batsman who scored eight runs, his highest score was therefore 8. During the Second World War he served in  the Manchester Regiment fighting in Normandy and subsequently in Germany. He died in Godstone, Surrey.

Essex County Cricket Club
Essex County Cricket Club is one of eighteen first-class county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Essex.

Founded in 1876, the club had minor county status until 1894 when it was promoted to first-class status pending its entry into the County Championship in 1895. Since then, the team has played in every top-level domestic cricket competition in England.

Essex currently play all their home games at the County Cricket Ground, Chelmsford. The club has formerly used other venues throughout the county including Lower Castle Park in Colchester, Valentines Park in Ilford, Leyton Cricket Ground, the Gidea Park Sports Ground in Romford, and Garon Park and Southchurch Park, both in Southend.

The limited overs team has previously been known as the Essex Eagles but now play simply as Essex.