hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wurfbainia vera
Wurfbainia vera is a herbaceous plant in the Zingiberaceae family. Formerly called Amomum verum, it was the first plant species to be named by a woman, the Scots artist Elizabeth Blackwell in 1757. The Kingdom of Siam obtained the fruit (seeds) of the plant from Cambodia in the 18th century to export as a spice to China and Europe. The species occurs not only in  Cambodia, but also in Sumatra, Thailand and Vietnam. The young leaf, the fruit and the seeds are edible, the seeds are known as Siam cardamom in English.

Elizabeth Blackwell (illustrator)
Elizabeth Blackwell (born 23 April 1699 in Aberdeen – 1758) was a botanical illustrator best known as drawer and engraver of the plates for A Curious Herbal, published between 1737 and 1739. It illustrated medicinal plants in a reference work for the use of physicians and apothecaries.
Susan Garrett
Susan Garrett is a former Democratic member of the Illinois Senate, who represented the 29th District from 2003 to 2013, and the 59th district of the Illinois House of Representatives for four years previously. The 29th district includes all or parts of Bannockburn, Deerfield, Des Plaines, Fort Sheridan, Glencoe, Glenview, Highland Park, Highwood, Knollwood, Lake Bluff, Lake Forest, Mount Prospect, Niles, Northbrook, Park Ridge, Prospect Heights and Riverwoods.

Redistricting by Democratic legislators following the 2000 census made veteran Republican senator Kathy Parker, vulnerable, and Garrett won the seat in 2002. While in the Illinois House, Garret proposed to limit campaign contributions from government employees to politicians for whom they worked, as well as from special interests, and upon election to the state Senate, she was named vice chair of the Government Ethics Reform Committee. In July 2011, Garrett announced she would not seek re-election to the state senate in 2012.

Niles, Illinois
Niles is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States, located in the townships of Maine and Niles, directly neighboring Chicago's far northwest border. Per the 2020 census, the population was 30,912. The current mayor of Niles is George Alpogianis.
The Pines Catholic Camp
The Pines Catholic Camp is located in Big Sandy, Texas, just north of Tyler and 2 hours east of Dallas, is a Catholic summer camp and retreat center. Accredited by the American Camp Association (ACA), The Pines seeks to “give youth the confidence and the strength they need to continue their faith journey and to help them foster healthy vocations.”

Although not affiliated with any diocese, The Pines has a close relationship with the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dallas and follows their Safe Environment Guidelines.

American Camp Association
The American Camp Association (ACA), formerly known as the American Camping Association, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit that serves the United States.  It is an association for camp owners, camp professionals and others interested in summer camps and similar camp programs.

Since 1948, the ACA has offered the only nationwide external professional peer-review accreditation program for camps.  According to ACA, to become accredited, camps must meet up to 300 health and safety standards, which are considered best practices throughout the industry. The accreditation process is voluntary, and ACA currently accredits more than 2,500 camps nationwide.

ACA claims a diverse 12,000 plus membership.  It has membership types for individuals, camps, and businesses. The American Camp Association has 23 local offices   throughout the country. Annual conferences are held across the country by local chapters, in addition to the ACA National Conference.
Vincent Beck
Vincent Beck (August 15, 1924 – July 24, 1984) was an American character actor who began his career as on stage. He was also a prolific film and television actor who acted in films such as Santa Claus Conquers the Martians (1964), The Spy in the Green Hat  (1967), The Scorpio Letters (1967), The Pink Jungle (1968), The Bamboo Saucer (1968) and Vigilante (1983). He also appeared in numerous television shows including The Monkees, Get Smart, Daniel Boone, The Man from U.N.C.L.E., Bonanza, The Time Tunnel, and Lost in Space.

Screen Actors Guild
The Screen Actors Guild (SAG) was an American labor union which represented over 100,000 film and television principal and background performers worldwide. On March 30, 2012, the union leadership announced that the SAG membership voted to merge with the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (AFTRA) to create SAG-AFTRA.
Grayceon
Grayceon is a three-piece metal band from San Francisco.  They were formed in 2005. They were licensed on the label Vendlus Records from 2005 to 2009 and are currently licensed on the label Profound Lore Records. Their debut album Grayceon was released in 2007 and their second release This Grand Show came out in 2008.

A 7" split with Giant Squid was also released on The End Records in late 2007.

Grayceon consists of Jackie Perez Gratz on electric cello/vocals, Max Doyle on guitar/vocals, and Zack Farwell on drums. Gratz is a member of Giant Squid, was a core member of Amber Asylum from 1997 to 2007, and is the guest performer on albums by bands such as Agalloch, Asunder, Neurosis, Today Is the Day, Matmos and Two Gallants.

Grayceon's third album All We Destroy was released March 1, 2011 on Profound Lore Records.

Matmos
Matmos is an experimental electronic music duo formed in San Francisco and based in Baltimore. M. C. (Martin) Schmidt and Drew Daniel are the core members, but they frequently include other artists on their records and in their performances notably including J Lesser. Apart from releasing twelve full-length studio albums and numerous collaborative works, Matmos is also well known for their collaboration with Icelandic singer and musician Björk, both on studio recordings and live tours. After being signed to Matador Records for nine years, Matmos signed with Thrill Jockey in 2012. The name Matmos refers to the seething lake of evil slime beneath the city Sogo in the 1968 film Barbarella.
24th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)
The 24th Infantry Division (German: 24. Infanterie-Division) was a German Army infantry division active in World War II. It served across the Eastern Front in engagements such as the Sieges of Sevastopol and the Leningrad, finally being destroyed in the Courland Pocket in 1945.

Werner Kienitz
Werner Kienitz (3 June 1885  – 31 December 1959) was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded the XVII. Corps. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany.
Barbara Hammer
Barbara Jean Hammer (May 15, 1939 – March 16, 2019) was an American feminist film director, producer, writer, and cinematographer. She is known for being one of the pioneers of the lesbian film genre, and her career spanned over 50 years. Hammer is known for having created experimental films dealing with women's issues such as gender roles, lesbian relationships, coping with aging, and family life. She resided in New York City and Kerhonkson, New York, and taught each summer at the European Graduate School.

Directors Guild of America
The Directors Guild of America (DGA) is an entertainment guild that represents the interests of film and television directors in the United States motion picture industry and abroad. Founded as the Screen Directors Guild in 1936, the group merged with the Radio and Television Directors Guild in 1960 to become the modern Directors Guild of America.
2019 Shenzhen Longhua Open – Men's doubles
Hsieh Cheng-peng and Christopher Rungkat were the defending champions but chose to defend their title with different partners. Hsieh partnered Yang Tsung-hua and successfully defended his title. Rungkat partnered André Göransson but lost in the first round to Sadio Doumbia and Fabien Reboul.

Hsieh and Yang won the title after defeating Mikhail Elgin and Ramkumar Ramanathan 6–2, 7–5 in the final.

Mikhail Elgin
Mikhail Nikolayevich Elgin (Russian: Михаил Николаевич Елгин, romanized: Mikhail Nikolayevich Yelgin, IPA: [mʲɪxɐˈil jɪlˈɡʲin]; born 14 October 1981) is a Russian professional tennis player.

Elgin became famous when he advanced to the quarter–finals in singles at the 2008 St. Petersburg Open, where he lost to Victor Hănescu from Romania 1–6, 4–6.
Polynomial-time approximation scheme
In computer science (particularly algorithmics), a polynomial-time approximation scheme (PTAS) is a type of approximation algorithm for optimization problems (most often, NP-hard optimization problems).

A PTAS is an algorithm which takes an instance of an optimization problem and a parameter ε > 0 and produces a solution that is within a factor 1 + ε of being optimal (or 1 – ε for maximization problems). For example, for the Euclidean traveling salesman problem, a PTAS would produce a tour with length at most (1 + ε)L, with L being the length of the shortest tour.

The running time of a PTAS is required to be polynomial in the problem size for every fixed ε, but can be different for different ε. Thus an algorithm running in time O(n1/ε) or even O(nexp(1/ε)) counts as a PTAS.

Optimization problem
In mathematics, engineering, computer science and economics, an optimization problem is the problem of finding the best solution from all feasible solutions.

Optimization problems can be divided into two categories, depending on whether the variables are continuous or discrete:

An optimization problem with discrete variables is known as a discrete optimization, in which an object such as an integer, permutation or graph must be found from a countable set.

A problem with continuous variables is known as a continuous optimization, in which an optimal value from a continuous function must be found. They can include constrained problems and multimodal problems.
Benavert
Ibn ‘Abbād, also known as Benavert, was the last Emir of Sicily. He was the Emir of Syracuse and, from 1072 to 1086, led the last Arab resistance against the Normans, who were conquering Sicily.

In 1075 he defeated Jordan of Hauteville, the son of Grand Count Roger I, at Catania, and he reconquered the city in 1081. In 1085 he led some expeditions to Reggio, in Calabria. On 25 May 1086, while Roger I was besieging Syracuse, he fell into the sea while jumping from one boat to the other, and died because of his heavy armor. In 1091, His wife and his son fled to the city of Noto, which, along with Butera also fell.

One of his descendants, Muhammad ibn ‘Abbād, rebelled to Frederick of Sicily at the start of the 13th century, dying during the rebellion.

Noto
Noto (Sicilian: Notu; Latin: Netum) is a city and comune in the Province of Syracuse, Sicily, Italy. It is 32 kilometres (20 mi) southwest of the city of Syracuse at the foot of the Hyblaean Mountains. It lends its name to the surrounding area Val di Noto. In 2002 Noto and its church were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Michaela Franklin
Michaela Franklin (born September 28, 1982) is an American collegiate volleyball coach and former player.

Most recently, Franklin served as the head coach at Clemson University from 2017 to 2021. Prior to her tenure at Clemson, Franklin was associate head coach of women's volleyball at Iowa University from 2014 to 2017. She was assistant volleyball coach at Northern Illinois University from 2006 to 2008 and at Marquette University from 2009 to 2012. Franklin graduate from Kansas State University, where she played college volleyball from 2002 to 2004. She is the daughter of Andra Franklin.

Andra Franklin
Andra Bernard Franklin (August 22, 1959 – December 6, 2006) was an American professional football player who was a running back for the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL) from 1981 to 1984. Franklin played college football for the Nebraska Cornhuskers; he died at age 47 from heart failure in 2006.
Thomas Mermillod-Blondin
Thomas Mermillod-Blondin (born 3 January 1984) is a former World Cup alpine ski racer from France. Born in Annecy, Haute-Savoie, he primarily competed in super-G, but his best results were in the super combined event: he took five of his six World Cup podiums in combined, with the other coming in super-G. Mermillod-Blondin made his World Cup debut in 2007 and represented France at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver and the 2011 World Championships. He made a total of 179 World Cup starts in his career. In February 2019 Mermillod-Blondin announced that he would retire from competition following a combined race in Bansko, Bulgaria that month.

Bansko
Bansko (Bulgarian: Банско [ˈbansko]) is a town in southwestern Bulgaria, located in Blagoevgrad Oblast near the city of Razlog. Once mainly a stockbreeding and travelling merchant community, the town is now an international centre for winter and summer tourism. More recently Bansko has become a known hotspot for digital nomads driven in part by the relative affordability of the location combined with its natural scenery.
Brooklyn District Attorney
The Kings County District Attorney's Office, also known as the Brooklyn District Attorney's Office, is the district attorney's office for Kings County, coterminous with the Borough of Brooklyn, in New York City. The office is responsible for the prosecution of violations of the laws of New York. (Violations of federal law are prosecuted by the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of New York.) The current district attorney is Eric Gonzalez.

Federal law
Federal law is the body of law created by the federal government of a country. A federal government is formed when a country has a central government as well as regional governments, such as subnational states or provinces, each with constitutionally entrenched powers. As a result, two or more levels of governments with constitutional powers exist within an established geographic territory. The body of law of the common central government is the federal law.

Examples of federal governments include those of Australia, Brazil, Canada, Germany, Malaysia, Pakistan, India, Russia, the former Soviet Union and the United States.
The Orion (California State University, Chico)
The Orion is the student newspaper of California State University, Chico and produces 32 issues every year, 16 each semester. Its offices are in the basement of Plumas Hall on the Chico State campus. It has won numerous state and national awards, including several National Pacemakers. Its name is taken from the constellation Orion, as the newspaper is meant to be a "hunter of truth."

Orion (constellation)
Orion is a prominent set of stars visible during winter in the northern celestial hemisphere. It is one of the 88 modern constellations; it was among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century AD/CE astronomer Ptolemy. It is named after a hunter in Greek mythology.

Orion is most prominent during winter evenings in the Northern Hemisphere, as are five other constellations that have stars in the Winter Hexagon asterism. Orion's two brightest stars, Rigel (β) and Betelgeuse (α), are both among the brightest stars in the night sky; both are supergiants and slightly variable. There are a further six stars brighter than magnitude 3.0, including three making the short straight line of the Orion's Belt asterism. Orion also hosts the radiant of the annual Orionids, the strongest meteor shower associated with Halley's Comet, and the Orion Nebula, one of the brightest nebulae in the sky.
Muraena pavonina
Muraena pavonina (whitespot moray) is a moray eel that occurs in the western and eastern Atlantic Ocean. It is found in holes and crevices at depth 2–60 m. This species has a maximum length of 51.2 cm (20.2 in).

Moray eel
Moray eels, or Muraenidae (/ˈmɒreɪ, məˈreɪ/), are a family of eels whose members are found worldwide. There are approximately 200 species in 16 genera which are almost exclusively marine, but several species are regularly seen in brackish water, and a few are found in fresh water.

The English name, moray, dates back to the early 17th century, and is believed to be a derivative from Portuguese moreia, which itself derives from Latin mūrēna, in turn from Greek μύραινα, muraina; these are the Latin and Greek names of the Mediterranean moray.
Braddish v DPP
Braddish v DPP [2001] 3 IR 127 was an Irish Supreme Court decision that established principles in relation to gathering of evidence. The Supreme Court ruled that "the Gardaí are under a duty to seek out and preserve all evidence bearing on the guilt and innocence of an accused." Daniel Braddish, the applicant, sought a prohibitory injunction against his approaching prosecution for robbery. Video evidence of the alleged crime had been in the possession of the Gardaí but was no longer available. The effort to have the prosecution overturned was refused in the High Court. On appeal, the Supreme Court was satisfied that the Applicant was entitled to the relief sought and accordingly made an order to quash the prosecution.

Supreme Court of Ireland
The Supreme Court of Ireland (Irish: Cúirt Uachtarach na hÉireann) is the highest judicial authority in Ireland. It is a court of final appeal and exercises, in conjunction with the Court of Appeal and the High Court, judicial review over Acts of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament). The Supreme Court also has appellate jurisdiction to ensure compliance with the Constitution of Ireland by governmental bodies and private citizens. It sits in the Four Courts in Dublin.
Metalloprotein
Metalloprotein is a generic term for a protein that contains a metal ion cofactor. A large proportion of all proteins are part of this category. For instance, at least 1000 human proteins (out of ~20,000) contain zinc-binding protein domains although there may be up to 3000 human zinc metalloproteins.

Imidazole
Imidazole (ImH) is an organic compound with the formula (CH)2NHCHN. It is a white or colourless solid that is soluble in water, producing a mildly alkaline solution. It can be classified as a heterocycle, specifically as a diazole.

Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. This ring system is present in important biological building blocks, such as histidine and the related hormone histamine. Many drugs contain an imidazole ring, such as certain antifungal drugs, the nitroimidazole series of antibiotics, and the sedative midazolam.

When fused to a pyrimidine ring, it forms a purine, which is the most widely occurring nitrogen-containing heterocycle in nature.

The name "imidazole" was coined in 1887 by the German chemist Arthur Rudolf Hantzsch (1857–1935).
2010–11 Russian Women's Handball Super League
The 2010-11 Russian Women's Handball Super League was the 19th edition of the premier championship for women's handball in Russia. Ten teams took part in the competition, which took place from 4 September 2010 to 28 May 2011. The competition system was reformed, with the play-offs being expanded from four to eight teams.

Dynamo Volgograd won its third championship in a row, beating Rostov-Don in the final. Dynamo qualified for the Champions league, while Rostov-Don qualified for the competition's qualifying stage, Lada Togliatti and HC Astrakhanochka for the EHF Cup, and Zvezda Zvenigorod for the Cup Winners' Cup. Universitet Izhevsk lost the relegation play-off, but was spared from relegation as Kirovchanka Saint Petersburg retired following the end of the season.

EHF Women's Cup Winners' Cup
The Women's EHF Cup Winners' Cup was the official competition for women's handball clubs of Europe that won their national cup, and took place every year from 1976 to 2016 (until 1993 organized by IHF instead of EHF). From the 2016–17 season, the competition will be merged with the EHF Cup.
Nerida Ellerton
Nerida Fay Ellerton (née Gersch, born 1942) is an Australian mathematics educator and historian of mathematics. She is professor of mathematics education at Illinois State University. As well as studying the present state of mathematics education, she and her husband McKenzie A. (Ken) Clements have researched the history of mathematics education, in the process discovering school worksheets in the Harvard Library that are among the oldest known writings of Abraham Lincoln.

Mathematics education
In contemporary education, mathematics education (known in Europe as the didactics or pedagogy of mathematics) is the practice of teaching, learning, and carrying out scholarly research into the transfer of mathematical knowledge.

Although research into mathematics education is primarily concerned with the tools, methods, and approaches that facilitate practice or the study of practice, it also covers an extensive field of study encompassing a variety of different concepts, theories and methods. National and international organisations regularly hold conferences and publish literature in order to improve mathematics education.
Benjamin Neale
Benjamin Michael Neale is a statistical geneticist with a specialty in psychiatric genetics. He is an institute member at the Broad Institute as well as an associate professor at both Harvard Medical School and the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit at Massachusetts General Hospital. Neale specializes in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). He was responsible for the data analysis of the first GWAS on attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder, and he developed new analysis software such as PLINK, which allows for whole-genome data to be analyzed for specific gene markers. Related to his work on GWAS, Neale is the lead of the ADHD psychiatric genetics and also a member of the Psychiatric GWAS Consortium analysis committee.

Broad Institute
The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (IPA: /broʊd/, pronunciation respelling: BROHD), or the Broad Institute, is a biomedical and genomic research center located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. The institute is independently governed and supported as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit research organization under the name Broad Institute Inc., and it partners with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, and the five Harvard teaching hospitals.
Pyropteron minianiforme
Pyropteron minianiforme is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is found on the Balkan Peninsula, Crete, Cyprus and in Ukraine. It is also found in Turkey, the Caucasus, the Black Sea region, and the Kopet-Dagh.

The wingspan is about 18 mm.

The larvae feed on Rumex acetosa, Rumex palustris, Rumex hydrolapathum, Rumex pulcher, Rumex conglomeratus, Rumex crispus and Rumex maritimus.

Sorrel
Sorrel (Rumex acetosa) is a perennial herbaceous plant in the family Polygonaceae. It is also called common sorrel, garden sorrel, spinach dock and narrow-leaved dock ("dock" often used for the genus).

The species is native to Eurasia and a common plant in grassland habitats. It is often cultivated as a leaf vegetable or herb.
2004 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania
The 2004 United States House elections in Pennsylvania was an election for Pennsylvania's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 2, 2004.

Jim Greenwood (American politician)
James Charles Greenwood (born May 4, 1951) is an American politician. He represented Pennsylvania's Eighth Congressional District for six terms in the United States House of Representatives. He is a member of the Republican Party, and was a member of its moderate wing.

Greenwood became president and CEO of the Biotechnology Innovation Organization (BIO) in 2004.