hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arctic-Alpine Garden of the Walter Meusel Foundation
The Arktisch-Alpiner Garten der Walter-Meusel-Stiftung (2,800 m2) is a nonprofit botanical garden specializing in arctic and alpine plants. It is maintained by the Walter Meusel Foundation at Schmidt-Rottluff-Straße 90, Chemnitz, Saxony, Germany, and open daily except Sunday.

The Arctic-Alpine Garden was founded in 1956 by Walter Meusel, a musician, composer, and author of zoological and botanical books. After his death in 1990, the Walter Meusel Foundation has continued to preserve the garden and perform botanical research and conservation.

Today the garden contains approximately 6,000 plant species with a focus on cold and mountainous regions. It maintains notable collections of willows (Salix), Ericaceae, ferns (Pteridophyta) and mountain plants of New Zealand, as well as good collections of Saxifragaceae and plants from the Himalayas, East Asia, the Caucasus, North and South America, the Alps, and several European low mountain ranges.

Ericaceae
The Ericaceae (/ˌɛrɪˈkeɪsi.aɪ, -iː/) are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with about 4,250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it the 14th most speciose family of flowering plants. The many well known and economically important members of the Ericaceae include the cranberry, blueberry, huckleberry, rhododendron (including azaleas), and various common heaths and heathers (Erica, Cassiope, Daboecia, and Calluna for example).
Trade unions in the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, trade unions emerged in the early 19th century, but faced punitive laws that sharply limited their activities. They began political activity in the late 19th century and formed an alliance with the Liberal Party in the early 20th century. They grew rapidly from 1900 to 1920, lost their legal disabilities, and were well established by the 1920s.  Union members largely switched from Liberal to the new Labour Party. Its leader Ramsay MacDonald became prime minister in 1924 briefly, and then again in 1929. In the 1980s  Margaret Thatcher's Conservative governments weakened the powers of the unions by making it more difficult to strike legally. Most British unions are members of the TUC, the Trades Union Congress (founded in 1867), or where appropriate, the Scottish Trades Union Congress or the Irish Congress of Trade Unions, which are the country's principal national trade union centres.

Irish Congress of Trade Unions
The Irish Congress of Trade Unions (often abbreviated to just Congress or ICTU), formed in 1959 by the merger of the Irish Trades Union Congress (founded in 1894) and the Congress of Irish Unions (founded in 1945), is a national trade union centre, the umbrella organisation to which trade unions in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland affiliate.
Painted Desert (South Australia)
The Painted Desert is in the Far North of South Australia. It is 120 kilometres (75 mi) north-east of Coober Pedy, in the Arckaringa Station pastoral lease, not far from the homestead. It is notable for its distinctive mesas, mountains, and geological formations. Not far from here on the way to Oodnadatta, there are large areas of ground covered with mica. The entire region is desolate and made up of soft, fragile rock.

Mica
Micas (/ˈmaɪkəz/ MY-kəz) are a group of silicate minerals whose outstanding physical characteristic is that individual mica crystals can easily be split into fragile elastic plates. This characteristic is described as perfect basal cleavage. Mica is common in igneous and metamorphic rock and is occasionally found as small flakes in sedimentary rock. It is particularly prominent in many granites, pegmatites, and schists, and "books" (large individual crystals) of mica several feet across have been found in some pegmatites.

Micas are used in products such as drywalls, paints, and fillers, especially in parts for automobiles, roofing, and in electronics. The mineral is used in cosmetics and food to add "shimmer" or "frost".
Plectocretacicoidei
Plectocretacicoidei is an extinct suborder of Actinopterygii belonging to the order Tetraodontiformes, which includes the triggerfishes, filefishes, pufferfishes and related groups.

The fishes in this suborder were extant from the Late Cretaceous (Santonian to Campanian) of Italy and Slovenia, both in the former Tethyan region, and are regarded as basal Tetraodontiformes.

The classification of the Plectocretacicoidei as a sister group to the Tetraodontiformes has been challenged and many of the characteristics which were used to suggest a close relationship to the Tetraodontiformes are shared with the Lophiiformes, the anglerfishes, and the Lophiiformes and Tetraodontiformes share derived characteristics which are not present in the Plectocretacicoidei. The authors of this study suggest that the taxa included within Plectocretacicoidei are basal members of the Percomorpha.

Campanian
The Campanian is the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous epoch on the geologic timescale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). In chronostratigraphy, it is the fifth of six stages in the Upper Cretaceous Series. Campanian spans the time from 83.6 (± 0.2) to 72.2 (± 0.2) million years ago. It is preceded by the Santonian and it is followed by the Maastrichtian.

The Campanian was an age when a worldwide sea level rise covered many coastal areas. The morphology of some of these areas has been preserved: it is an unconformity beneath a cover of marine sedimentary rocks.
Late Night Tales
Late Night Tales and its predecessor Another Late Night are the names of two related series of artist-curated compilation albums released by Azuli Records in the UK until 2009 when the independent record label Night Time Stories took over the series. Both series were started by the author A.W. Wilde. The tracks on the albums are selected and mixed by a diverse selection of artists asked by Late Night Tales to create the ultimate late night mix. Many of the albums end with a story track, read by famous English performers including Benedict Cumberbatch, Will Self, Brian Blessed, Alex Turner and Patrick Moore. With the exception of Jamiroquai, Air, Bill Brewster, and Don Letts' contributions, each release includes a cover version recorded by the artist(s).

The series has been met with critical acclaim, with GQ praising Late Night Tales as "The Rolls Royce of compilations". 2011 saw the label celebrate their tenth anniversary with a box set including all albums to date.

Don Letts
Donovan Letts (born 10 January 1956) is a British film director, disc jockey (DJ) and musician. Letts first came to prominence as the videographer for the Clash, directing several of their music videos. In 1984, Letts co-founded the band Big Audio Dynamite with former Clash lead guitarist and co-lead vocalist Mick Jones, acting as the band's sampler and videographer before departing the band in 1990.

Letts has also directed music videos for Musical Youth, the Psychedelic Furs, Fun Boy Three, the Pretenders and Elvis Costello as well as the feature documentaries The Punk Rock Movie (1978) and The Clash: Westway to the World (2000).
Salem Airpark
Salem Airpark or Salem Air Park (FAA LID: 38D) is a public use airport in Mahoning County, Ohio, United States. It is located three nautical miles (6 km) north of the central business district of Salem, Ohio.

Mahoning County, Ohio
Mahoning County is located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 228,614. Its county seat and largest city is Youngstown. The county is named after the Mahoning River and was formed on March 1, 1846; the 83rd county in Ohio.

Present-day Mahoning County was part of Trumbull and Columbiana counties until 1846, when the counties  were redefined and Mahoning County was established as a new county. Mahoning County is part of the Youngstown–Warren, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Oklahoma Courts of Appeal
There are two Courts of Appeal in the U.S. state of Oklahoma:

Oklahoma Court of Civil Appeals hears appeals in civil cases. Decisions from this court may be further appealed to the Oklahoma Supreme Court.

Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals hears appeals in criminal cases. This is the highest court for criminal cases in Oklahoma; decisions from this court can only be appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States.

Oklahoma Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of Oklahoma is a court of appeal for non-criminal cases, one of the two highest judicial bodies in the U.S. state of Oklahoma, and leads the judiciary of Oklahoma, the judicial branch of the government of Oklahoma.

The Oklahoma Supreme Court meets in the Oklahoma Judicial Center, having previously met in the Oklahoma State Capitol until 2011. The court consists of nine justices nominated by a state commission and appointed by the governor.

Members of the court are required to be nonpartisan and are prohibited from a number of political activities including making or soliciting campaign contributions.
Ioannis Petridis
Ioannis Petridis (Greek: Ιωάννης Πετρίδης; 18 August 1931 – 6 January 2016) was a Greek economist and politician. He was a member of the New Democracy party. He served as an MP for Pieria from 1985 to 1989. He was born in Katerini.

Petridis died on 6 January 2016 in Athens, aged 84.

Hellenic Parliament
37°58′31″N 23°44′13″E﻿ / ﻿37.97528°N 23.73694°E﻿ / 37.97528; 23.73694

The Parliament of the Hellenes (Greek: Βουλή των Ελλήνων, romanized: Voulí ton Ellínon), commonly known as the Hellenic Parliament (Greek: Ελληνικό Κοινοβούλιο, romanized: Ellinikó Koinovoúlio), is the unicameral legislature of Greece, located in the Old Royal Palace, overlooking Syntagma Square in Athens. The parliament is the supreme democratic institution that represents the citizens through an elected body of Members of Parliament (MPs).

It is a unicameral legislature of 300 members, elected for a four-year term. From 1844–1863 and from 1927–1935, the parliament was bicameral with an upper house (the Senate; Greek: Γερουσία, romanized: Gerousía) and a lower house (the Chamber of Deputies; Βουλή των Αντιπροσώπων, Voulí ton Antiprosópon). Several important Greek statesmen have served as the speaker of the Hellenic Parliament.
Jesse Anthony
Jesse D. Anthony (born June 12, 1985 in Beverly, Massachusetts) is an American former professional road cyclist and cyclo-cross racer, who rode professionally between 2006 and 2018 for the Kodakgallery.com–Sierra Nevada, Team Type 1 and Rally Cycling teams. Anthony used to work for USA Cycling as their cyclo-cross manager.

Beverly, Massachusetts
Beverly is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, and a suburb of Boston. The population was 42,670 at the time of the 2020 United States census. A resort, residential, and manufacturing community on the Massachusetts North Shore, Beverly includes Ryal Side, North Beverly, Centerville, Cove, Montserrat, Beverly Farms and Prides Crossing. Beverly is a rival of Marblehead for the title of "birthplace of the U.S. Navy".
Juan Fernández de Medrano y Sandoval
Juan Fernández de Medrano y Sandoval (1595, Madrid – 17th century, Clavijo) was a Spanish nobleman and Cistercian monk at the Monastery of San Prudencio de Monte Laturce in Clavijo, belonging to the House of Medrano. He renounced his inheritance to enter monastic life. His will of 1616 documents substantial bequests to religious institutions and family members and provides important evidence of his role in the religious and patrimonial history of his lineage during Spain's Golden Age.

Treatise
A treatise is a formal and systematic written discourse on some subjects concerned with investigating or exposing the main principles of the subject and its conclusions. A monograph is a treatise on a specialized topic.
Rey Azúcar
Rey Azúcar (Spanish for Sugar King) is the tenth album by Argentine band Los Fabulosos Cadillacs. It was produced by Tina Weymouth and Chris Frantz of Talking Heads, and contained guest appearances from punk icons Mick Jones of The Clash (on "Mal Bicho") and Blondie's Debbie Harry (on a ska version of "Strawberry Fields Forever," sung in Spanish and English), as well as reggae star Big Youth on several tracks.
The album title comes from a line on the song "Las Venas Abiertas de América Latina". The song is based on Eduardo Galeano's book of the same title, which also contains a chapter called Rey Azúcar.

The original release as well as the remastering received platinum certifications.

Vicentico
Gabriel Julio Fernández Capello (born July 24, 1964), better known as Vicentico, is an Argentine musician and composer. Co-founder and vocalist of the band Los Fabulosos Cadillacs along with Flavio Cianciarulo. He was part of the group since its creation in 1984 to the year 2001, when he began a solo career as a singer. Vicentico won the Latin Grammy Award for Best Rock Album in 2021 for El Pozo Brillante and Best Rock Song for "Ahora 1".

He lives with his wife, actress Valeria Bertuccelli, and their sons Florián and Vicente.
John Healy (entrepreneur)
John J. Healy (c. 1840–1908) was an Irish-American entrepreneur in the late 19th century, who also operated in Canada at various times. His pioneering business activities ranged from Montana to Alberta/BC, Canada and to Alaska/Yukon.

Originating from a base of operations in Montana, he and Alfred B. Hamilton established a whiskey trading post near present-day Lethbridge, Alberta in 1869. The post was originally named after Hamilton, but a second, larger post nearby was given the name of Fort Whoop-Up.

Healy sold the fort to Dave Akers in 1876.

He then took up work as the sheriff of Chouteau County in Montana, a newspaper editor and a businessman in Fort Benton, Montana.

Healy moved to the North, operating a trading post at Dyea, Alaska.  He later moved to Yukon Territory to operate a transportation company during the Klondike Gold Rush.

Healy died in 1908 as a rich and famous man.

He was buried in Seattle, Washington.

Uncle Sam billboard
The Uncle Sam billboard is a large, privately owned billboard in the U.S. state of Washington. The billboard is located directly adjacent to the northbound lanes of  Interstate 5 in Napavine, Washington, around 8 miles (13 km) south of Chehalis, in Lewis County. It is considered a local landmark.

The billboard was erected in the 1960s and  was used originally to display the right-wing political opinions of its owner, Alfred Hamilton. In June 2025, the Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation purchased the property and the sign from the Hamilton family. The billboard's final messages, which had been displayed since 2021, were removed;
the sign remained blank until October 2025, when the Chehalis Tribe displayed the message, "NATIVE LAND – #CHEHALIS".
Lineage (Buddhism)
A lineage in Buddhism is a line of transmission of the Buddhist teaching that is "theoretically traced back to the Buddha himself." The acknowledgement of the transmission can be oral, or certified in documents. Several branches of Buddhism, including Chan (including Zen and Seon) and Tibetan Buddhism maintain records of their historical teachers. These records serve as a validation for the living exponents of the tradition.

The historical authenticity of various Buddhist lineages has been subject to debate. Stephen Batchelor has claimed, speaking about specifically Japanese Zen lineage, "the historicity of this “lineage” simply does not withstand critical scrutiny." Erik Storlie has noted that transmission "is simply false on historical grounds." Edward Conze said "much of the traditions about the early history of Chan are the inventions of a later age."

B. Alan Wallace
Bruce Alan Wallace (born 1950) is an American Buddhologist of Tibetan Buddhism. He has authored many texts in the field of contemplative science, most notably The Attention Revolution on the cultivation of Samatha, and Dreaming Yourself Awake on the lucid dreaming practice of dream yoga. Wallace's works include an English translation of the foremost Tibetan Buddhism text, the Bardo Thodol, by Padmasambhava. He has also been active in the dialogue between established Western science and Tibetan Buddhist psychology, including staunch critiques of materialistic philosophies of mind, while emphasizing the incorporation of introspection as a technique  of academic inquiry. He is founder of the Santa Barbara Institute for Consciousness Studies. Alan Wallace is widely regarded as a preeminent meditation teacher and Buddhism scholar.
Hermodike I
Hermodike I has been attributed with inventing the Greek written script, i.e. the transfer of earlier technical knowledge from Phrygia into ancient Greek society through Aeolis.  She is referred to by Aristotle.  The same name was given as Demodike by Pollux.  Academics state that Aristotle and Pollux, though ancient commentators, were not historians and so their unsubstantiated opinions may be misleading. Other historians have given the name as Hermodice or Damodice.

Hermodike I was the daughter of a dynastic Agamemnon of Cyme and became the wife of Midas, king of Phrygia, who came to the throne in 738 BCE, or alternatively Gyges of Lydia, who was referred to as King Midas (680–644 BCE) after giving the Oracle at Delphi six gold bowls (extracted from the Pactolus river).  She is described as "a woman distinguished by beauty and wisdom". She is the ancestor of Hermodike II, who has been attributed with inventing Greek coinage.

Julius Pollux
Julius Pollux (Greek: Ἰούλιος Πολυδεύκης, Ioulios Polydeukes; fl. 2nd century AD) was a Greek scholar and rhetorician from Naucratis, Roman Egypt.
Emperor Commodus appointed him a professor-chair of rhetoric in Athens at the Academy — on account of his melodious voice, according to Philostratus' Lives of the Sophists.
María Luisa Chomiak
María Luisa Chomiak (born 22 January 1969) is an Argentine politician. A member of the Justicialist Party, Chomiak was elected in 2021 to the National Chamber of Deputies in Chaco Province. From 2015 to 2021 she was intendenta (mayor) of her hometown, Charata.

Intendant
An intendant (French: [ɛ̃tɑ̃dɑ̃] ⓘ; Portuguese: intendente [ĩtẽˈdẽtɨ]; Spanish: intendente [intenˈdente]) was, and sometimes still is, a public official, especially in France, Spain, Portugal, and Latin America. The intendancy system was a centralizing administrative system developed in France. In the War of the Spanish Succession of 1701 to 1714 the French royal House of Bourbon secured its hold on the throne of Spain; it extended a French-style intendancy system to Spain and Portugal - and subsequently worldwide through the Spanish Empire and Portuguese Empire. Regions were divided into districts, each administered by an intendant.
The title continues in use in Spain and in parts of Spanish America for particular government officials.
Dunluce, County Antrim
Dunluce (Irish: Dún Libhse) is a civil parish in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. Dunluce civil parish, which contains a townland of the same name, is within the historical barony of Dunluce Lower. Villages within the civil parish include Ballybogy, Bushmills, and Portballintrae.

Ballybogy
Ballybogy, or Ballybogey (from Irish  Baile an Bhogaigh 'townland of the bog'ⓘ), is a small village and townland in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It is located 7 km north-north-west of Ballymoney and 7 km east of Coleraine, lying within the Causeway Coast and Glens district. It is known as Boggie in Scots. As of the 2011 census, it had a population of 539 people. Of these, 4.2% were from a Catholic background and 88.1% were from a Protestant background.
Club Native
Club Native is a 2008 documentary film by Tracey Deer, exploring Mohawk identity, community and tribal blood quantum laws. The film looks at how women in Deer's home community of Kahnawake risk losing their right to live on the reserve, after marrying non-natives.

The film received the Canada Award from the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television for best Canadian multi-cultural program and a Gemini Award for best documentary writing. Club Native also received the award for Best Documentary at the Dreamspeakers Festival in Edmonton, the award for Best Canadian Film at the First Peoples' Festival and the Colin Low Award for Best Canadian Documentary at the DOXA Documentary Film Festival. The film was co-produced by Rezolution Pictures and the National Film Board of Canada.

DOXA Documentary Film Festival
The DOXA Documentary Film Festival is a documentary film festival based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It is held annually held for 10 days in May, and is presented by The Documentary Media Society, a non-profit organization.

The festival was staged for the first time in 2000. Originally intended as a once-only event, by the time of its launch the organizers had decided to organize a permanent biennial festival; following the second festival in 2002, it became an annual event thereafter.
Coat of arms of the Cook Islands
The coat of arms of the Cook Islands has a shield as its focal point. The shield is blue with fifteen white stars arranged in a circle, as found on the national flag, and is supported by a flying fish (maroro) and a white tern (kakaia). The helmet is an ariki head-dress (pare kura) of red feathers, symbolising the importance of the traditional rank system, and the name of the nation is on a scroll below the shield. The achievement is augmented by a cross and a Rarotongan club (momore taringavaru) used by orators during traditional discourses, respectively symbolizing Christianity and the richness of Cook Islands' tradition, placed in saltire behind the shield.

The coat of arms was designed by Mataiapo Metuakore Teremoana Ngametua Tutakiao Kora BEM, also known as Papa Motu Kora.

Gygis
White terns consist of three species of terns in the genus Gygis and the family Laridae. There are three species of white terns - the Atlantic white tern (Gygis alba), the blue-billed white tern (Gygis candida) and the little white tern (Gygis microrhyncha).
The Words That Maketh Murder
"The Words That Maketh Murder" is a song by English musician PJ Harvey. It is the fourth track and lead single from her eighth studio album, Let England Shake, and was released on 6 February 2011 on Island Records. Dealing with diplomacy, the ongoing conflicts in Afghanistan and world wars, "The Words That Maketh Murder" was produced by Flood, John Parish, Mick Harvey and PJ Harvey. It was Harvey's first single since 2008's "The Devil" and uses similar dynamics of song-writing to its predecessor, including folk influence and instrumentation.

Upon its release, "The Words That Maketh Murder" received positive critical acclaim, although it failed to chart. An accompanying music video, directed by Seamus Murphy, was released prior to the single in January 2011 and was the second part of a twelve film project documenting Let England Shake.

Autoharp
An autoharp is a string instrument in the zither family. Its distinctive structural feature is a set of bars, each with damping pads that mute the strings not belonging to a specified chord. A chord is played by pressing the corresponding bar against the strings with one hand while strumming them with the other.
Keith Truenow
Keith L. Truenow (born August 9, 1969) is an American politician serving as a member of the Florida Senate from the 13th district since 2024. He previously served as a member of the Florida House of Representatives from the 31st and 26th districts from 2016–2024.

Florida Senate
The Florida Senate is the upper house of the Florida Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Florida, the Florida House of Representatives being the lower house. Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of Florida, adopted in 1968, defines the role of the Legislature and how it is to be constituted. The Senate is composed of 40 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of approximately 540,000 residents. The Senate Chamber is located in the State Capitol building.

The Republicans hold a supermajority in the chamber with 27 seats; Democrats are in the minority with 11 seats. One seat is held by an independent, and one seat is vacant.