hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
SS Cotati
Cotati was a steam cargo ship built in 1918–1919 by Moore Shipbuilding and Drydock Company of Oakland for the United States Shipping Board (USSB) as part of the wartime shipbuilding program of the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) to restore the nation's Merchant Marine. The vessel was briefly used for the first two years of her career to transport frozen meat between North and South America and Europe. The ship was subsequently laid up at the end of 1921 and remained part of the Reserve Fleet through the end of 1940. In January 1941 she was sold together with two other vessels to the New Zealand Shipping Co. and subsequently in 1942 was transferred to the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) and renamed Empire Avocet. The ship was torpedoed and sunk by German submarine U-125 on 30 September 1942 on one of her regular wartime trips.

Deadweight tonnage
Deadweight tonnage (also known as deadweight; abbreviated to DWT, D.W.T., d.w.t., or dwt) or tons deadweight (DWT) is a measure of how much weight a ship can carry. It is the sum of the weights of cargo, fuel, fresh water, ballast water, provisions, passengers, and crew.

DWT is often used to specify a ship's maximum permissible deadweight (i.e. when it is fully loaded so that its Plimsoll line is at water level), although it may also denote the actual DWT of a ship not loaded to capacity.
Barack Obama presidential eligibility litigation
Numerous lawsuits and ballot challenges, based on conspiracy theories related to Barack Obama's eligibility for the United States presidency, were filed following his first election in 2008 and over the course of his two terms as president.  These actions sought to have Obama disqualified from running for, or being confirmed for, the Presidency of the United States, to declare his actions in office to be null and void, or to compel him to release additional documentation related to his U.S. citizenship.

Royce Lamberth
Royce Charles Lamberth (/ˈlæmbərθ/; born July 16, 1943) is a senior judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, who formerly served as its chief judge. Since 2015, he has sat as a visiting judge on the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas in San Antonio.
Cunninghamia
Cunninghamia is a genus of one or two living species of evergreen coniferous trees in the cypress family Cupressaceae. They are native to China, northern Vietnam and Laos, and perhaps also Cambodia. They may reach 70 m (230 ft) in height. In vernacular use, it is most often known as Cunninghamia, but is also sometimes called "China-fir" (though it is not a fir). The genus name Cunninghamia honours Dr. James Cunningham, a British doctor who introduced this species into cultivation in 1702 and botanist Allan Cunningham.

Fir
Firs are evergreen coniferous trees belonging to the genus Abies (Latin: [ˈabieːs]) in the family Pinaceae. There are approximately 48–65 extant species, found on mountains throughout much of North and Central America, Eurasia, and North Africa. The genus is most closely related to Keteleeria, a small genus confined to eastern Asia.

They are tall trees that can be distinguished from other members of the pine family by the way in which their needle-like leaves are attached singly to the branches with a circular base, and by their cones, which, like those of cedars, stand upright on the branches like candles and disintegrate at maturity.

The wood of firs is used for pulp to make paper, for plywood, and for indoor construction. Some species serve as Christmas trees, while others are used as decorative trees with their brightly coloured cones. In art, Lucas Cranach the Elder painted Madonna under the fir tree for Wrocław Cathedral in 1510.
Axial parallelism
Axial parallelism (also called gyroscopic stiffness, gyroscopic inertia, gyroscopic rigidity, or "rigidity in space") is the characteristic of a rotating body in which the direction of the axis of rotation remains fixed as the object moves through space. In astronomy, this characteristic is found in astronomical bodies in orbit. It is the same effect that causes a gyroscope's axis of rotation to remain constant as Earth rotates, allowing the devices to measure Earth's rotation.

Space
Space is a three-dimensional continuum containing positions and directions. In classical physics, physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions. Modern physicists usually consider it, with time, to be part of a boundless four-dimensional continuum known as spacetime. The concept of space is considered to be of fundamental importance to an understanding of the physical universe. However, disagreement continues between philosophers over whether it is itself an entity, a relationship between entities, or part of a conceptual framework.

In the 19th and 20th centuries mathematicians began to examine geometries that are non-Euclidean, in which space is conceived as curved, rather than flat, as in the Euclidean space. According to Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, space around gravitational fields deviates from Euclidean space. Experimental tests of general relativity have confirmed that non-Euclidean geometries provide a better model for the shape of space.
N76 road (Ireland)
The N76 road is a national secondary road in Ireland. It links the N10 national primary on the ring road south of Kilkenny, County Kilkenny to the N24 national primary route east of Clonmel in County Tipperary.

The N76 is one of the oldest roads in Ireland. Between its start point east of Clonmel and its old route through Kilkenny, the N76 once formed an integral part of the T6 – the old trunk road that connected the cities of Cork and Dublin before the contemporary numbering system was established. It was mapped as such in Herman Moll's 1714 map of Ireland.

County Kilkenny
County Kilkenny (Irish: Contae Chill Chainnigh) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Southern Region. It is named after the city of Kilkenny. Kilkenny County Council is the local authority for the county. At the 2022 census the population of the county was 103,685. The county was based on the historic Gaelic kingdom of Ossory (Osraighe), which was coterminous with the Diocese of Ossory.
Business School of Russian-Armenian Slavonic University
Russian-Armenian University Business School (RAU Business school) (Russian: Бизнес-школа Российско-Армянского университета; Armenian: Հայ-ռուսական համալսարանի Բիզնես դպրոց), founded in 2008, is the graduate business school of Russian-Armenian (Slavonic) University in Yerevan, Armenia. The school offers a variety of educational programs like MBA programs  and many Professional Courses.

In 2016 RAU Business school entered the international ranking list of Eduniversal of the best business schools in the world.

Business school
A business school is a higher education institution or professional school that teaches courses leading to degrees in business administration or management.

A business school may also be referred to as school of business, school of management, management school, school of business administration, college of business, business college, or colloquially b-school or biz school.
Xinping Cui
Xinping Cui is a biostatistician focusing on metagenomics and associated problems in high-dimensional inference and data analysis including the multiple comparisons problem. Originally from China, she works in the US as a professor of statistics at the University of California, Riverside. She is a former chair of the university's Department of Statistics, and the director of the Riverside Statistical Consulting Collaboratory.

Multiple comparisons problem
Multiple comparisons, multiplicity or multiple testing problem occurs when many statistical tests are performed on the same dataset. Each test has its own chance of a Type I error (false positive), so the overall probability of making at least one false positive increases as the number of tests grows. In statistics, this occurs when one simultaneously considers a set of statistical inferences or estimates a subset of selected parameters based on observed values.

The probability of false positives is measured through the family-wise error rate (FWER). The larger the number of inferences made in a series of tests, the more likely erroneous inferences become.  Several statistical techniques have been developed to compensate for the number of inferences being made—for example, by requiring a stricter significance threshold for individual comparisons.
North Shore Historic District (Miami Beach, Florida)
The North Shore Historic District is a historic district in North Beach, Miami Beach, Florida, United States. The district is roughly bounded by 87th Street, Collins Avenue, 73rd Street, and Hawthorne Avenue. The architecture in the district is primarily of the Miami Modernism style, unique to greater Miami. Other architectural styles are reflected in the district, including Mediterranean Revival, Art Deco, and Moderne.

Moderne architecture
Moderne architecture, also sometimes referred to as Style Moderne, Art Moderne, or simply Moderne, Jazz Age Moderne, jazz modern or Jazz Style, describes certain styles of architecture popular from 1925 through the 1940s. It is closely related to Art Deco.
Saint-Venant
Saint-Venant (West Flemish: Papingem) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department (administrative division) in the Hauts-de-France region of France about 9 miles (14 km) northwest of Béthune and 26 miles (42 km) west of Lille, by the banks of the Lys.

Pas-de-Calais
The Pas-de-Calais (French: [pɑ d(ə) kalɛ] ⓘ, 'strait of Calais'; Picard: Pas-Calés; Dutch: Nauw van Calais) is a department in northern France named after the French designation of the Strait of Dover, which it borders. It has the most communes of all the departments of France, with 887, and is the 8th most populous. It had a population of 1,465,278 in 2019. The Calais Passage connects to the Port of Calais on the English Channel. The Pas-de-Calais borders the departments of Nord and Somme and is connected to the English county of Kent via the Channel Tunnel.
James Henry Marriott
James Henry Marriott (1799 – 25 August 1886) was  a New Zealand theatre manager, actor, entertainer, playwright, songwriter, engraver, optician and bookseller. He was born in London, England, and arrived in New Zealand three years after the Wellington area was first settled. In Wellington he was involved with theatrical production at the Ship Hotel, Olympic Theatre, Britannia Saloon and Royal Lyceum. He made himself useful in the early days of the settlement by engraving tombstones, engraving illustrations for newspapers, and grinding lenses for telescopes. He ran a bookshop and sold sheet music, and contributed to the organised social and civic life of Wellington. In New Zealand he was the first regular producer of plays, a playwright (his play Marcilina premiered in 1848), and the first optics professional in that country to make a telescope. He was the father of Alice Marriott and the great-grandfather of Marriott Edgar and Edgar Wallace.

Optician
An optician is an individual who fits glasses or contact lenses by filling a refractive prescription from an optometrist or ophthalmologist. They are able to translate and adapt ophthalmic prescriptions, dispense products, and work with accessories.  There are several specialties within the field.
Christchurch Municipal Chambers
The Christchurch Municipal Chambers, previously known as Our City, is a Queen Anne style building on the corner of Worcester Street and Oxford Terrace in the Christchurch Central City. It is a Category I heritage building registered with Heritage New Zealand. From 1887 to 1924 it was used by Christchurch City Council as their civic offices, providing room for meetings of the council and for housing staff, before they moved to the Civic. It was then used for many decades by the Canterbury Chamber of Commerce and served as the main tourist information. It was last used as an exhibition and events centre before being damaged in the Christchurch earthquakes. It is due to be reopened in June 2024.

Heritage New Zealand
Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga (initially the National Historic Places Trust and then, from 1963 to 2014, the New Zealand Historic Places Trust; in Māori: Pouhere Taonga) is a Crown entity that advocates for the protection of ancestral sites and heritage buildings in New Zealand. It was set up through the Historic Places Act 1954 with a mission to "...promote the identification, protection, preservation and conservation of the historical and cultural heritage of New Zealand" and is an autonomous Crown entity. Its current enabling legislation is the Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Act 2014.
Prachov Rocks
The Prachov Rocks (Czech: Prachovské skály) are a rock formation in the Czech Republic approximately 5 kilometres west of Jičín. Since 1933, they have been a protected natural reserve. The region where the formations are located is called Bohemian Paradise, Český ráj in Czech.

The formations are made of sandstone, originally in the form of a plateau. Since its formation over 60 million years ago, the rock has been eroded by wind and rain into the unique forms found at the site. Several of the individual rock towers have inspired names due to their appearance, such as the Leaning Tower, Devil's Kitchen, the Monk, the Elephant, and the Eagle.

Some scenes for films and TV shows were filmed in the area, including Carnival Row, Britannia, Little Mermaid, Van Helsing, The Mists of Avalon, Hellboy, Foundation, and Nosferatu.

Britannia (TV series)
Britannia is a British historical fantasy drama television series created by Jez Butterworth and Tom Butterworth. The show was the first co-production between Sky UK and Amazon Prime Video and stars Kelly Reilly, David Morrissey, Zoë Wanamaker, Mackenzie Crook, Nikolaj Lie Kaas, and Eleanor Worthington Cox. It first aired on Sky Atlantic in the UK beginning 18 January 2018 and on Amazon Prime Video in the US beginning 26 January 2018. The first series aired on Epix beginning 2 August 2020.  Pop songs were used as theme music for the three series to date: Donovan's "Hurdy Gurdy Man" (series 1), his "Season of the Witch" (series 2), and "Children of the Revolution" by T. Rex (series 3). In March 2023, the series was cancelled after three seasons.
Elm City Resident Card
The Elm City Resident Card is an identification (ID) card used in New Haven, Connecticut in the United States. The card was originally designed to protect the estimated 10,000 to 15,000 illegal immigrants in New Haven from being robbed or assaulted.  All city residents can receive the card, which serves as a form of identification, debit card with a capacity of $150, library card, and a way to pay for parking meters. The cards were first issued in July 2007, and were the first municipal identification cards issued in the United States. The card costs $5 for children or $10 for adults.

Library card
A library card is part of an integrated library system which can refer to several cards traditionally used for the management of books and patrons in a library. In its most common use, a library card serves similar functions as a corporate membership card. A person who holds a library card has borrowing or other privileges associated with the issuing library. Library cards can grant the user much more than books such as museum admission, game controllers, DVDs and other media.

The library card also serves as a method of identification. When a person chooses an item to borrow and presents their library card to the library, they take responsibility for the borrowed item and promise to abide by certain rules, usually including a promise to return the item by the due date or face a library fine. If the cardholder violates these responsibilities, their borrowing privileges may be suspended.
Willanowie Creek
Willanowie Creek is an  intermittent and endorheic stream in the Australian state of South Australia that is located at 32°58'45.1"S 138°58'27.5"E, south of Ucolta. It is located about 530 metres (1,740 ft) above sea level.

The area is arid and the former town of Lancelot was built on the creek at the point at the Barrier Highway crossing. No sign of the town remains above the ground surface today.

Endorheic basin
An endorheic basin (/ˌɛndoʊˈriː.ɪk/ EN-doh-REE-ik; also endoreic basin and endorreic basin) is a drainage basin that normally retains water and allows no outflow to other external bodies of water (such as rivers and oceans). Instead, the water drainage flows into permanent and seasonal lakes and swamps that equilibrate through evaporation. Endorheic basins are also called closed basins, terminal basins, and internal drainage systems.

Endorheic regions contrast with open lakes (exorheic regions), where surface waters eventually drain into the ocean. In general, water basins with subsurface outflows that lead to the ocean are not considered endorheic; but cryptorheic. Endorheic basins constitute local base levels, defining a limit of the erosion and deposition processes of nearby areas. Endorheic water bodies include the Caspian Sea, which is the world's largest inland body of water.
Suburban Square
Suburban Square is a community shopping center in Ardmore, Pennsylvania, United States, in the Main Line suburbs of Philadelphia.  it has 355,000-square-foot (33,000 m2) of gross leasable area. The center opened in 1928, and is notable as one of the earliest planned suburban shopping centers in the United States.

It has also been generally credited as being the first suburban shopping center to include a true department store, when Strawbridge & Clothier opened a four-story, 50,000 sq ft (4,600 m2) branch there on May 12, 1930.

The site has grown from its original 7 acres (28,000 m2) to 18 acres (73,000 m2) since its launch. The complex currently includes Suburban Square, Times Building, and the adjacent Ardmore Farmers Market and features more than sixty retail and dining establishments.

Neighborhood shopping center
A neighborhood shopping center (Commonwealth English: neighbourhood shopping centre) is an industry term in the United States for a shopping center with 30,000 to 125,000 square feet (2,800 to 11,600 m2) of gross leasable area, typically anchored by a supermarket and/or large drugstore.
2021 World Jiu-Jitsu Championship
The 2021 World Jiu-Jitsu Championship or World 2021 IBJJF Jiu-Jitsu Championship was an international jiu-jitsu event organised by the International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation (IBJFF) and held at the Anaheim Convention Center in Anaheim, California, from 9-12 December 2021. This 25th edition of the most prestigious Brazilian jiu-jitsu tournament was the first one to take place following the COVID-19 pandemic and the cancellation of the 2020 season, it saw the emergence of a brand new generation of world champions.

Checkmat
Checkmat is a Brazilian jiu-jitsu academy and team started in 2008 by Leo Vieira, who leads Checkmat with his brothers Ricardo Vieira and Leandro Vieira. It is headquartered in Long Beach, California, USA.
European route E48
European route E48 is a road that is part of the International E-road network. It runs between Schweinfurt, Germany and Prague, Czech Republic.

The road follows the route:

Germany
 A 70: Schweinfurt, Bayreuth
 B 303: Marktredwitz

Czech Republic
 D 6 / I/6: Cheb, Karlovy Vary, Prague

Bundesstraße 303
The Bundesstraße 303 (abbreviation: B 303) is a German federal highway that runs from west to east, beginning at the A 7 autobahn west of Schweinfurt and ending at the border with the Czech Republic east of Schirnding. It runs through the eastern part of Lower Franconia and the whole of Upper Franconia.
Bohumil Janoušek
Bohumil Janoušek (or Bob Janousek; born 7 September 1937) is a Czech rower who competed for Czechoslovakia in the 1960 Summer Olympics and in the 1964 Summer Olympics, and later moved to Britain as a rowing coach and then a boat-builder.

He was born in Prague. In 1960 he was a crew member of the Czechoslovak boat which won the bronze medal in the eights event. Four years later he won his second bronze medal with the Czechoslovak boat in the eights competition.

In 1969, Janousek, despite then speaking no English, was appointed as British national rowing coach. In the next seven years, he introduced training methods to British rowing that were already widespread elsewhere in Europe and formed the first British national rowing squad. Janousek stepped down as coach after the 1976 Olympic Games, at which Britain gained silver medals in double sculls and in eights, but stayed in Britain to form a boat-building business, Janousek Racing Boats.

Rowing at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Rowing at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal featured races in 14 events, all held at the rowing basin on Notre Dame Island. Women's events held at 1000 m debuted (they would be lengthened to the men's events of 2000 m at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul).

There was a desire by the IOC's program commission to reduce the number of competitors and a number of recommendations were put to the IOC's executive board on 23 February 1973, which were all accepted. Rowing was the only sport where the number of competitors was increased, and women were admitted for the first time in Olympic history. The quadruple sculls events were introduced at this Olympics, without coxswain for men and with coxswain for women.
Surfer Publications
Surfer Publications, Inc. was a magazine publisher based in Dana Point, California, active since at least the 1970s. A For Better Living Inc. Company, they are known for publishing Skateboarder, Surfer, and Roller Skating Magazine.

John Severson founded the company to promote his third film, Surf Fever.

Roller Skating Magazine was published near-monthly at least from 1979 to 1981, during the height of the roller disco craze.

Surfer (magazine)
Surfer is an American quarterly magazine periodical focused on surfing and surf culture, founded in 1962 by noted surfer, writer, photographer, artist and humorist John Severson (1933–2017). The magazine went on hiatus from 2020 until August 2024.

Surfer began as a quarterly publication, then a bi-monthly, subsequently becoming a monthly. When Severson sold Surfer in the late 1960s to For Better Living, the magazine had around 100,000 active world-wide subscribers.

The magazine changed ownership and management numerous times over its history. American Media (AMI) purchased the magazine in 2019 from TEN: Publishing, a division of Adventure Sports Network (ASN).

The magazine's last editor-in-chief was Todd Prodanovich and its photo editor was Grant Ellis.
Kostomarovo
Kostomarovo (Russian: Костома́рово) is a rural locality (a selo) in Yudinskoye Rural Settlement, Podgorensky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. In the 19th century the village was part of Sagunovskaya volost, Ostrogozhsky Uyezd, Voronezh Governorate. The population was 263 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

Voronezh Governorate
51°40′N 39°13′E﻿ / ﻿51.667°N 39.217°E﻿ / 51.667; 39.217

Voronezh Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, and the Russian SFSR, which existed from 1708 (as Azov Governorate) to 1779 and again from 1796 to 1928. Its capital was located in Voronezh since 1725.

The governorate was located in the south of the European part of the Russian Empire. In 1928, the governorate was abolished, and its area was included into newly established Central Black Earth Oblast.
Minkler (surname)
Minkler is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

B. D. Minkler (1849–1911), American politician

Bob Minkler (1937–2015), American sound engineer

Joshua Minkler (born 1963), American attorney

Lee Minkler, American sound engineer

Meredith Minkler (born 1946), American public health researcher

Michael Minkler (born 1952), American motion picture sound re-recording mixer

Lee Minkler
Lee Darrell Minkler (October 15, 1927 – ) was an American sound engineer. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Sound for the film Tron. His name was featured in the Oscars In Memoriam 2018.