hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Revolt of 1 Prairial Year III
The Revolt of 1 Prairial Year III (20 May 1795) was the final major popular uprising of the French Revolution. Sans-culottes from eastern Paris marched on the National Convention demanding "du pain et la Constitution de l’An I" — bread and enforcement of the radical Constitution of Year I. They briefly occupied the hall, murdered deputy Jean-Bertrand Féraud, and called for renewed price controls and direct democracy. Loyal National Guard units cleared the Convention by nightfall. A second mobilization on 2 Prairial collapsed, and by 4 Prairial the faubourgs were disarmed. Fourteen deputies were ordered arrested; eight were seized. Six deputies were condemned to death. Romme, Goujon, and Duquesnoy committed suicide, while the others were guillotined. The defeat of the uprising marked the end of sans-culotte political influence and consolidated the Thermidorian Reaction.

Direct democracy
Direct democracy or pure democracy is a form of democracy in which the electorate directly decides on policy initiatives, without elected representatives as proxies, as opposed to the representative democracy model which occurs in the majority of established democracies. The theory and practice of direct democracy and participation as its common characteristic constituted the core of the work of many theorists, philosophers, politicians, and social critics, such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, John Stuart Mill, and G.D.H. Cole.
1918 Birthday Honours (MBE)
This is a list of Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) awards in the 1918 Birthday Honours.

The 1918 Birthday Honours were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The King, and were published in The London Gazette in early June 1918.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom and the British Overseas Territories, personal bravery, achievement, or service are rewarded with honours. The honours system consists of three types of award:

Honours are used to recognise merit in terms of achievement and service;

Decorations tend to be used to recognise specific deeds;

Medals are used to recognise service on a particular operation or in a specific theatre, long or valuable service, and good conduct.

Appointments to the various orders and awards of other honours are usually published in The London Gazette.
Ayzar Akmatov
Ayzar Talantbekovich Akmatov (Kyrgyz: Айзар Акматов; Russian: Айзар Талантбекович Акматов; born August 24, 1998) is a Kyrgyz professional footballer who plays for FC Bars Issyk-Kul in the Kyrgyz Premier League and Kyrgyzstan national football team as a defender.

Kyrgyz people
The Kyrgyz people are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia. They primarily reside in Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, China, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. A Kyrgyz diaspora is also found in Russia, Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan. They speak the Kyrgyz language, which is the official language of Kyrgyzstan.

The earliest people known as "Kyrgyz" were the descendants of several Central Asian tribes, first emerging in western Mongolia around 201 BC. Modern Kyrgyz people are descended in part from the Yenisei Kyrgyz that lived in the Yenisey river valley in Siberia. The Kyrgyz people were constituents of the Tiele people, the Göktürks, and the Uyghur Khaganate before establishing the Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate in the 9th century, and later a Kyrgyz khanate in the 15th century.
Hot Mess (Cobra Starship song)
"Hot Mess" is a song recorded by the American pop punk band Cobra Starship. It was the second single released from their third studio album, Hot Mess. The song was serviced to contemporary hit radio, before it was released digitally on October 30, 2009.

Hot Mess (album)
Hot Mess is the third studio album by the American musical ensemble Cobra Starship, released through Fueled by Ramen and Decaydance Records on August 11, 2009. The album is the follow-up to 2007's ¡Viva la Cobra!. It debuted at No. 4 on the Billboard 200 albums chart on sales of more than 42,000, by far their best chart performance ever.

The first single from the album, "Good Girls Go Bad", features actress Leighton Meester and was released on May 11, 2009. The song peaked in the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100 and at number two on the New Zealand Singles Chart.
Erosi Manjgaladze
Erosi Manjgaladze (Georgian: ეროსი მანჯგალაძე; March 3, 1925 – January 26, 1982) was a Soviet and Georgian stage and film actor who played lead roles in some of the most popular Soviet films, such as The Wishing Tree, Melodies of Vera Quarter, Londre, Kvevri and A Necklace for My Beloved. Manjgaladze was also a popular sport commentator of football matches. For his contribution to the Soviet cinematography and performing arts Manjgaladze received the title of People's Artist of the Georgian SSR.

People's Artist of the USSR
People's Artist of the USSR, also sometimes translated as National Artist of the USSR, was an honorary title granted to artists of the Soviet Union. The term is confusingly used to translate two Russian language titles: Народный артист СССР (Narodny artist SSSR), awarded in performing arts and Народный художник СССР (Narodny khudozhnik SSSR), granted in some visual arts.

As those titles were granted by the government, honorees were afforded certain privileges and would often receive commissions from the Minister of Culture of the Soviet Union. Accordingly, artists and authors who expressed criticism of the Communist Party were seldom granted such recognition, if not outright censored. Each Soviet Republic, as well as the Autonomous Republics (ASSRs), had a similar award that would be held previously by virtually every receiver of the higher title of People's Artist of the USSR.
Grevillea williamsonii
Grevillea williamsonii, also known as Williamson's Grevillea, is a shrub which is endemic to a restricted area in the Grampians Ranges in western Victoria. It was first described from a single plant in 1893, which was destroyed by bushfire four years later. It was then feared extinct and went unrecorded until 1992, where 12 plants were found. The taxonomic validity of this grevillea has been disputed, and many sources treat it as synonymous with G. aquifolium.

Grampians National Park
The Grampians National Park, commonly known as the Grampians, is a national park located in the Grampians region of Victoria, Australia. The Jardwadjali name for the mountain range itself is Gariwerd.

The 167,219-hectare (413,210-acre) national park is situated between Stawell and Horsham on the Western Highway and Dunkeld on the Glenelg Highway, 260 kilometres (160 mi) west of Melbourne and 460 kilometres (290 mi) east of Adelaide. Proclaimed as a national park on 1 July 1984, the park was listed on the National Heritage List on 15 December 2006 for its outstanding natural beauty and being one of the richest Aboriginal rock art sites in south-eastern Australia.

The Grampians feature a striking series of mountain ranges of sandstone. The Gariwerd area features about 90% of the rock art in the state.
Social Democratic Labour Party of Norway
The Social Democratic Labour Party of Norway (in Norwegian Norges Socialdemokratiske Arbeiderparti) was a Norwegian political party in the 1920s. Following the Labour Party's entry into the Comintern in 1919 its right wing left the party to form the Social Democratic Labour Party in 1921. At the party convention in 1923, however, the Labour Party withdrew from Comintern, and the Communist Party of Norway was formed by the minority, who continued its affiliation with Comintern and the Soviet Union until 1991. The Social Democratic Labour Party was absorbed into the reorganised Labour Party in 1927.

The youth wing of the party was the Socialist Youth League of Norway.

The party sympathized with the International Working Union of Socialist Parties from 1921 to 1923 and was a member of the Labour and Socialist International between 1923 and 1927.

Labour and Socialist International
The Labour and Socialist International (LSI) was an international organization of socialist and labourist parties, active between 1923 and 1940. The group was established through a merger of the rival Vienna International and the Berne International, and was the forerunner of the present-day Socialist International.

The LSI had a history of rivalry with the Communist International (Comintern), with which it competed over the leadership of the international socialist and labour movement. However, unlike the Comintern, the LSI maintained no direct control over the actions of its sections, being constituted as a federation of autonomous national parties.
Overprinting (geology)
Overprinting is a geological process that superimposes a set of characteristics on rock that partially obscure earlier characteristics. Examples include metamorphic overprinting (superimposed metamorphism), in which new structure, texture, or mineral composition is imposed on existing rock. For example, the Tauern window of Alps contains beds that were originally metamorphosed to eclogite but have since been overprinted to the blueschist and then the greenschist facies. Likewise, deformation associated with the Mazatzal orogeny in Arizona and New Mexico, US, was subsequently overprinted by deformation associated with the Picuris orogeny.

Geochemical signatures can also be overprinted when the geochemistry of a geological body is changed by eliminating or modifying the earlier geochemical signature.

Blueschist
Blueschist ( /ˈbluːʃɪst/), also called glaucophane schist, is a metavolcanic rock that forms by the metamorphism of basalt and similar rocks at relatively low temperatures (200–500 °C (392–932 °F)) but very high  pressure corresponding to a depth of 15–30 km (9.3–18.6 mi). The blue color of the rock comes from the presence of the predominant minerals glaucophane and lawsonite.  This combination of low temperature occurring at significant depth can only be explained in the context of plate subduction, followed by exhumation, which accounts for the rarity of this rock.

Blueschists are schists typically found within orogenic belts as terranes of lithology in faulted contact with greenschist or rarely eclogite facies rocks.
Geilenkirchen
Geilenkirchen (German pronunciation: [ˈɡaɪlənkɪʁçn̩] ⓘ, Limburgish: Jellekerke [ˈjæləˌkæʀ˦(ə)kə]) is a town in the district Heinsberg, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated near the border with the Netherlands, on the river Wurm, approx. 15 km (9.3 mi) north-east of Heerlen and 20 km (12.4 mi) north of Aachen.

It was the site of Operation Clipper in November 1944.

The town gives its name to nearby NATO Air Base Geilenkirchen.  The base is home to seventeen E-3A airborne early warning and control aircraft flown by aircrew from over fourteen nations.

On 24 July 2019 the highest temperature ever recorded in Germany was measured in Geilenkirchen at 40.5 °C (104.9 °F) during a heat wave that affected much of Europe. The record was broken the following day when temperature in Lingen reached 42.6 °C (108.7 °F).

Lingen, Germany
Lingen (German pronunciation: [ˈlɪŋən] ⓘ), officially Lingen (Ems), is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany. In 2024, its population was 59,896 with 2,262 people who had registered the city as their secondary residence. Lingen, specifically "Lingen (Ems)" is located on the river Ems in the southern part of the Emsland District, which borders North Rhine-Westphalia in the south and the Netherlands in the west.
Gonzalo Giribet
Gonzalo Giribet is a Spanish-American invertebrate zoologist and Alexander Agassiz Professor of zoology working on systematics and biogeography at the Museum of Comparative Zoology in Harvard University. He is a past president of the International Society for Invertebrate Morphology, of the Willi Hennig Society, and vice-president of the Sociedad Española de Malacología (Spanish Malacological Society).

Windsurfing
Windsurfing is a wind-propelled water sport that is a combination of sailing and surfing. It is also referred to as "sailboarding" and "boardsailing", and emerged in the late 1960s from the Californian aerospace and surf culture. Windsurfing gained a popular following across Europe and North America by the late 1970s and had achieved significant global popularity by the 1980s. Windsurfing became an Olympic sport in 1984.
Brucine
Brucine is an alkaloid closely related to strychnine, most commonly found in the Strychnos nux-vomica tree. Brucine poisoning is rare, since it is usually ingested with strychnine, and strychnine is more toxic than brucine. In chemical synthesis, it can be used as a tool for stereospecific chemical syntheses.

Brucine's name derives from this of the genus Brucea, named after James Bruce who brought back Brucea antidysenterica from Ethiopia.

James Bruce
James Bruce of Kinnaird (14 December 1730 – 27 April 1794) was a Scottish traveller and travel writer who physically confirmed the source of the Blue Nile. He spent more than a dozen years in North and East Africa and in 1770 became the first European to trace and document the course of the Nile by following it upstream from Egypt through Sudan to its origins in the Blue Nile in Ethiopia.
Chayka Passage
Chayka Passage (Bulgarian: проток Чайка, ‘Protok Chayka’ \'pro-tok 'chay-ka\) is the 1 km long in south-north direction and 110 m wide passage between Spert Island and the southwest coast of Trinity Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. Its south entrance is situated just west of Bulnes Point. The vertical cliffs of Symplegades rise either side of the feature.

The passage is “named after the ocean fishing trawler Chayka of the Bulgarian company Ocean Fisheries – Burgas whose ships operated in the waters of South Georgia, Kerguelen, the South Orkney Islands, South Shetland Islands and Antarctic Peninsula from 1970 to the early 1990s.  The Bulgarian fishermen, along with those of the Soviet Union, Poland and East Germany are the pioneers of modern Antarctic fishing industry.”

Spert Island
Spert Island is an island lying off the west extremity of Trinity Island, in the Palmer Archipelago of Antarctica. Charted by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition under Nordenskjold, 1901–04. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1960 for Sir Thomas Spert, Controller of the King's Ships in the time of Henry VIII, founder and first Master of the Mariners of England, which later became the Corporation of Trinity House.
Derby Playhouse production history
The following is a chronological list of productions staged at the Derby Playhouse from 1975 to 2008. The Derby Playhouse was a theatre production company and the former name of the theatre which it owned and operated from its opening in 1975 until 2008, when the company ceased operating after a period in administration. Situated in Derby, England, the theatre is now known as the Derby Theatre and has been owned and operated by the University of Derby since 2009.

Mother Goose
Mother Goose is a character that originated in children's fiction, as the imaginary author of a collection of French fairy tales and later of English nursery rhymes. She also appeared in a song, the first stanza of which often functions now as a nursery rhyme. The character also appears in a pantomime tracing its roots to 1806.

The term's appearance in English dates back to the early 18th century, when Charles Perrault's fairy tale collection, Contes de ma Mère l'Oye, was first translated into English as Tales of My Mother Goose.  Later a compilation of English nursery rhymes, titled Mother Goose's Melody, or, Sonnets for the Cradle, helped perpetuate the name both in Britain and the United States.
Wellington boot
A Wellington boot, gumboot, rubber boot, rain boot, rainboot, or welly for short, is a type of waterproof boot made of rubber.

Originally a type of leather riding boot adapted from Hessian boots, a style of military foot wear, Wellington boots were worn and popularised by Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. They became a staple of practical foot wear for the British aristocracy and middle class in the early 19th century. The term was subsequently applied to waterproof rubber boots ubiquitously worn today in a range of agricultural and outdoors pursuits.

Aristocracy
Aristocracy (from Ancient Greek  ἀριστοκρατίᾱ (aristokratíā) 'rule of the best'; from  ἄριστος (áristos) 'best' and  κράτος (krátos) 'power, strength') is a form of government that places power in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class, the aristocrats.

Across Europe, the aristocracy exercised immense economic, political, and social influence. In Western Christian countries, the aristocracy was mostly equal with magnates, also known as the titled or higher nobility, however the members of the more numerous social class, the untitled lower nobility (petty nobility or gentry) were not part of the aristocracy.
Software mining
Software mining is an application of knowledge discovery in the area of software modernization which involves understanding existing software artifacts. This process is related to a concept of reverse engineering. Usually the knowledge obtained from existing software is presented in the form of models to which specific queries can be made when necessary. An entity relationship is a frequent format of representing knowledge obtained from existing software. Object Management Group (OMG) developed specification Knowledge Discovery Metamodel (KDM) which defines an ontology for software assets and their relationships for the purpose of performing knowledge discovery of existing code.

Metadata
Metadata (or metainformation) is data that defines and describes the characteristics of other data.  It often helps to describe, explain, locate, or otherwise make data easier to retrieve, use, or manage. For example, the title, author, and publication date of a book are metadata about the book. But, while a data asset is finite, its metadata is infinite.

As such, efforts to define, classify types, or structure metadata are expressed as examples in the context of its use. The term "metadata" has a history dating to the 1960s where it occurred in computer science and in popular culture. Different types of metadata serve different functions. For example, descriptive metadata for a document might include the author, creation date, file size and keywords.
Aparajita Ghosh Das
Aparajita Ghosh Das (born 21 March 1978) is an Indian actress who works in Bengali language films and television series. She made her film debut in Anjan Das's film Iti Srikanta (2004). She appeared in Anjan Dutt's film Chalo Let's Go (2008).

Anjan Das
Anjan Das (17 November 1949 – 2 June 2014) was an internationally acclaimed National Award winning film director, screenwriter, and producer known for his contribution to Indian parallel cinema. His films were designated as 'poetry on celluloid', a descriptor used by the critics post his lyrical masterpiece 'Saanjhbatir Rupkathara'. His films won 11 BFJA awards and were regularly showcased at A-list film festivals like BFI London, Rotterdam, IFFI, Brisbane, etc.
Edward Backwell
Edward Backwell (ca. 1618–1683) was an English goldsmith-banker, and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1673 and 1683. He has been called "the principal founder of the banking system in England", and "far and away the best documented banker of his time".

Backwell provided substantial financial support for the King Charles II government.

Goldsmith banker
A  goldsmith banker was a business role that emerged in seventeenth century London from the London goldsmiths where they gradually expanded their services to include storage of wealth, providing loans, transferring money and providing bills of exchange that would lead to the development of cheques.  Some of the concepts were brought over from Amsterdam where goldsmiths would provide gold storage and issue chits that started to be used as a means of exchange.  The goldsmith banker became a key development in the history of banking that would lead to modern banking.
National Cycle Route 12
National Cycle Route 12 is part of the National Cycle Network managed by the charity Sustrans. It currently has a length of 121 miles (195 km) but is incomplete. When fully constructed it will run from Enfield Lock (London) to Grimsby (Lincolnshire) in the United Kingdom.

Welwyn Garden City
Welwyn Garden City (/ˈwɛlɪn/ ⓘ WEL-in) is a town in the Welwyn Hatfield district, in Hertfordshire, England, 20 miles (32 km) north of London. It was the second garden city in England (founded 1920) and one of the first new towns (designated 1948). It is unique in being both a garden city and a new town and exemplifies the physical, social and cultural planning ideals of the periods in which it was built. In 2021 it had a population of 51,505.
1953 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's doubles
The 1953 World Table Tennis Championships men's doubles was the 20th edition of the men's doubles championship.
Ferenc Sidó and József Kóczián won the title after defeating Richard Bergmann and Johnny Leach in the final by three sets to two.

Richard Bergmann
Richard Bergmann (10 April 1919 – 5 April 1970) was an Austrian-British international table tennis player. Winner of seven World Championships, including four Singles, one Men's Doubles, two Team's titles and 22 medals in total. He is considered to be one of the greatest players in history, only Viktor Barna has won more World Championship gold medals in singles.
Penicillium verrucosum
Penicillium verrucosum is a psychrophilic fungus which was discovered in Belgium and introduced by Dierckx in 1901. Six varieties of this species have been recognized based primarily on differences in colony colour: P. verrucosum var. album, P. verrucosum var. corymbiferum, P. verrucosum var. cyclopium, P. verrucosum var. ochraceum, P. verrucosum var. melanochlorum and P. verrucosum var. verrucosum. This fungus has important implications in food, specifically for grains and other cereal crops on which it grows. Its growth is carefully regulated in order to reduce food spoilage by this fungi and its toxic products. The genome of P. verrucosum has been sequenced and the gene clusters for the biosyntheses of its mycotoxins have been identified.

Mycotoxin
A mycotoxin (from the Greek μύκης mykes, "fungus" and τοξικός toxikos, "poisonous") is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by fungi and is capable of causing disease and death in both humans and other animals. The term 'mycotoxin' is usually reserved for the toxic chemical products produced by fungi that readily colonize crops.

Examples of mycotoxins causing human and animal illness include aflatoxin, citrinin, fumonisins, ochratoxin A, patulin, trichothecenes, zearalenone, and ergot alkaloids such as ergotamine.

One mold species may produce many different mycotoxins, and several species may produce the same mycotoxin.
1937 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's doubles
The 1937 World Table Tennis Championships men's doubles was the eleventh edition of the men's doubles championship.
Jimmy McClure and Buddy Blattner won a second successive title after defeating Richard Bergmann and Helmut Goebel in the final by three sets to two.

Richard Bergmann
Richard Bergmann (10 April 1919 – 5 April 1970) was an Austrian-British international table tennis player. Winner of seven World Championships, including four Singles, one Men's Doubles, two Team's titles and 22 medals in total. He is considered to be one of the greatest players in history, only Viktor Barna has won more World Championship gold medals in singles.