hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Homotopy analysis method
The homotopy analysis method (HAM) is a semi-analytical technique to solve nonlinear ordinary/partial differential equations.  The homotopy analysis method employs the concept of the homotopy from topology to generate a convergent series solution for nonlinear systems.  This is enabled by utilizing a homotopy-Maclaurin series to deal with the nonlinearities in the system.

The HAM was first devised in 1992 by Liao Shijun of Shanghai Jiaotong University in his PhD dissertation and further modified in 1997 to introduce a non-zero auxiliary parameter, referred to as the convergence-control parameter, c0, to construct a homotopy on a differential system in general form.  The convergence-control parameter is a non-physical variable that provides a simple way to verify and enforce convergence of a solution series.  The capability of the HAM to naturally show convergence of the series solution is unusual in analytical and semi-analytic approaches to nonlinear partial differential equations.

Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) is a public university in Shanghai, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education of China. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction. It is a member of the C9 League.

SJTU was founded as Nanyang Public School in 1896. It was merged into Jiao Tong University in 1921, before gaining its current name in 1959. The university currently has 33 schools, 12 affiliated hospitals, 2 affiliated medical research institutes, 23 directly affiliated units, and 5 directly affiliated enterprises.
Little Sutton railway station
Little Sutton railway station serves the village of Little Sutton, near Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, England.  It is situated on the Hooton–Helsby line and is served by the Wirral Line which is part of the Merseyrail network. The station is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. The station opened in 1863 as "Sutton" and was renamed Little Sutton in 1886. It became part of the Merseyrail network in 1994, when the branch from Hooton to Ellesmere Port was electrified by British Rail, and through train services to Liverpool via Birkenhead commenced.

Between the 2013/14 and 2019/20 periods, Little Sutton was the least-used station on the Merseyrail network. Since 2020/21 it is the second least-used station on the network.

Ellesmere Port
Ellesmere Port (/ˈɛlzmɪər/ ELZ-meer) is an industrial port town in the Cheshire West and Chester borough in Cheshire, England. Ellesmere Port is on the south-eastern edge of the Wirral Peninsula, six miles (ten kilometres) north of Chester, although not part of the Wirral  administratively or Merseyside. It is on the bank of the Manchester Ship Canal. In the 2021 census, the built up area had a population of 65,430.

The town was originally established on the River Mersey at the entrance to the Ellesmere Canal.  As well as a service sector economy, it has retained large industries including Stanlow oil refinery, a chemical works and the Vauxhall Motors car factory. There are also a number of tourist attractions including the National Waterways Museum, the Blue Planet Aquarium and Cheshire Oaks Designer Outlet.
Adrianita
Adriana Caputi Bianco (born 1941), known professionally as Adrianita, is an Argentine actress. She starred in films such as Tulio Demicheli's La melodía perdida (1952) opposite César Fiaschi and Santiago Gómez Cou, Román Viñoly Barreto's La niña del gato (1953) opposite Adolfo Stray,  and Enrique Carreras's Mi marido hoy duerme en casa (1955) and El primer beso (1957). For her performance in La niña del gato the Argentine Film Critics Association awarded her the Silver Condor Award for Best Supporting Actress and she became a star.  In 2004 the Argentine Film Critics Association awarded her with the Silver Condor lifetime achievement award. She lives in Miami.

Argentine Film Critics Association
The Argentine Film Critics Association (Spanish: Asociación de Cronistas Cinematográficos de la Argentina) is an organization of Argentine-based journalists and correspondents. The association presents the Silver Condor Awards (Premios Cóndor de Plata) honoring achievements in Argentine cinema. The awards are considered Argentina's equivalent of the Academy Awards.

The association was organized on July 10, 1942, and the annual awards have been given since 1943, with breaks in between. The Argentine Film Critics Association is a member of the International Federation of Film Critics, also known as FIPRESCI.
C. J. Greaves
Colton "C.J." Greaves (born June 1, 1995) is a professional American off-road racing driver from Abrams, Wisconsin. He raced in the TORC: The Off Road Championship Super Buggy and Pro Light divisions, winning the 2010 Super Buggy championship. He now races in the Pro Stock UTV division and the Pro 4 division, in which he competes against his father, seven-time Pro 4 champion Johnny Greaves. Greaves won the 2013 AMSOIL Cup world championship race in his Pro 2 truck. He won the 2014 Pro 2 championship and made his first Pro 4 start that season. Greaves won both the Pro 4WD and Pro 2WD class championships in 2015 and 2016 and also won the Pro 4 Championship in 2017, 2018, and 2019. Greaves has also won Pro Stock UTV Championships in 2017 and 2019. Greaves is the son and teammate of Johnny Greaves.

Off-road racing
Off-road racing is a form of motorsports consisting of specially-modified vehicles including cars, SUVs, trucks, motorbikes, quadbikes and buggies racing in off-road environments (e.g. snow, dirt, mud, etc.).
1000-lb Sisters
1000-lb Sisters is an American reality television series on TLC that focuses on the personal lives of the Slaton family in Dixon, Kentucky, including sisters Amy Slaton-Lovvorn and Tammy Slaton. The show chronicles the family's daily lives along with their attempts at weight loss and weight loss-surgery.

TLC (TV network)
TLC is an American premium multinational cable and satellite television network owned by the Networks division of Warner Bros. Discovery. First established in 1980 as The Learning Channel, it initially focused on educational and instructional programming. By the late 1990s, after an acquisition by Discovery, Inc. earlier in the decade, the network began to pivot towards reality television programming—predominantly focusing on programming involving lifestyles and personal stories—to the point that the previous name with "The Learning Channel" spelled out was phased out in favor of its initialism.

As of November 2023, with its programming primarily dedicated to the nine-series 90 Day Fiancé universe, comprising 31% of the shows carried by the channel, TLC is available to approximately 71,000,000 pay television households in the United States—down from its 2011 peak of 100,000,000 households.
Pfeifer & Langen
Pfeifer & Langen GmbH & Co. KG is a German family-owned food company, based in Cologne. The historical core of the group is the sugar manufacturer Pfeifer & Langen. The other activities of the group are held by the subgroups Intersnack, a manufacturer of snacks and owner of KP Snacks and Tayto; and the subgroup Naturkost Group, which produced and markets functional foods. In addition, the group holds a 50% share in the food manufacturer Krüger. The entire group achieved a turnover of 3.63 billion euros in the 2019 financial year.

Intersnack
Intersnack Group GmbH & Co. KG is a German snack food company that annually produces around 600,000 tonnes of snacks including potato chips, nuts, baked products and specialty snacks. The company made its first potato chips in 1968 and is currently based in Düsseldorf.

Notable brands and companies under Intersnack include funny-frisch, Hula Hoops, McCoy's, Pom-Bear, Chio Chips, Vico, ültje, Penn State, Bohemia, and Tayto Crisps.
2023–24 Algerian Cup
The 2023–24 Algerian Cup (Arabic: كأس الجزائر 24-2023) is the 57th edition of the Algerian Cup. It is sponsored by Mobilis and known as the Mobilis Algerian Cup for sponsorship purposes. The winners will qualify to the 2024–25 CAF Confederation Cup. ASO Chlef are the defending champions.

ATM Mobilis
ATM (Algérie Télécom Mobile) Mobilis or simply Mobilis (Arabic: موبيليس, romanized: Mūbīlīs, styled mobilis in its logo), a subsidiary of Groupe Télécom Algérie, is the first and one of the three major mobile operators in Algeria. It became independent in August 2003.
Zsuzsanna Sirokay
Zsuzsanna Sirokay (Hungarian: [ˈʒuʒɒnnɒ ˈʃirokɒi]; born 28 March 1941 in Ungvár, Carpathian Ruthenia, Hungary) is a Hungarian pianist and lives in Switzerland. She passed her education with Professor Péter Solymos at the Franz Liszt College of Music in Budapest with distinction. Besides studies with György Kurtág she attended master courses with Alfred Brendel, Paul Badura-Skoda, Jörg Demus and Géza Anda.

Sirokay was a finalist at the Clara Haskil International Piano Competition in Vevey, Switzerland in 1967 and 1969, and won competitions held in Leeds and Vienna. She has undertaken concert tours and broadcast on radio throughout much of Europe

The second of Cornelius Cardew's Three Winter Potatoes for solo piano is dedicated to her.

Alfred Brendel
Alfred Brendel (5 January 1931 – 17 June 2025) was a Czech-born Austrian classical pianist, poet, author, composer and lecturer, based in London. He is noted for his performances of music by Ludwig van Beethoven, Franz Schubert, and Franz Liszt. He made three recordings of Beethoven's 32 piano sonatas and was the first pianist to record Beethoven's complete works for solo piano.
Patrik Sandell
Patrik Sandell (born April 21, 1982) is a rally driver from Sweden. Sandell won the Swedish Junior Championship in 2004 and the Swedish Group N3 Championship in 2005. In 2006, he won the Junior World Rally Championship (JWRC) title driving for Renault. In 2008, Sandell contested both the JWRC and the Production World Rally Championship (PWRC).

Sandell joined Olsbergs MSE to drive a Ford Fiesta at the Global RallyCross Championship in 2013. He finished 6th in the standings, scoring two podiums. In 2014, he won a race and finished in the overall championship in 6th place. He joined Bryan Herta Rallysport in 2015, driving with sponsorship from Kobalt Tools.

Kobalt (tools)
Kobalt is a line of hand and mechanics' tools, power tools, and tool storage products owned by the American home improvement chain Lowe's. It is the house brand for both Lowe's in North America and their joint venture with the now defunct Masters Home Improvement in Australia.
Junkers Ju 188
The Junkers Ju 188 "Rächer" ("Avenger") was a German Luftwaffe high-performance medium bomber built during World War II, the planned follow-up to the Ju 88 with better performance and payload. More than 1,000 aircraft were built, although production of the Ju 188 was curtailed early, due to the emergence of improved versions of the Ju 88, as well as the increasingly effective Allied strategic bombing campaign against German industry, leading to an increased focus on fighter production.

Medium bomber
A medium bomber is a military bomber aircraft designed to operate with medium-sized bombloads over medium range distances; the name serves to distinguish this type from larger heavy bombers and smaller light bombers. Mediums generally carried about two tons of bombs, compared to light bombers that carried one ton, and heavies that carried four or more.

The term was used prior to and during World War II, based on available parameters of engine and aeronautical technology for bomber aircraft designs at that time. After the war, medium bombers were replaced in world air forces by more advanced and capable aircraft.
Tubize
Tubize (French pronunciation: [tybiz] ⓘ; Dutch: Tubeke [ˈtybeːkə]) is a municipality and city of Wallonia located in the Belgian province of Walloon Brabant. On January 1, 2006 Tubize had a total population of 22,335. The total area is 32.66 km2 which gives a population density of 684 inhabitants per km2.

The municipality includes the districts of Clabecq, Oisquercq, Saintes, and Tubize. Bordering Flanders, the town is home to a minority of Dutch-speakers.

Walloon Brabant
Walloon Brabant (French: Brabant wallon [bʁabɑ̃ walɔ̃] ⓘ; Dutch: Waals-Brabant [ˌʋaːlz ˈbraːbɑnt] ⓘ; Walloon: Roman Payis) is a province located in Belgium's French-speaking region of Wallonia. It borders on (clockwise from the North) the province of Flemish Brabant (Flemish Region) and the provinces of Liège, Namur and Hainaut. Walloon Brabant's capital is Wavre; however, the municipality of Braine-l'Alleud is slightly more populous.

The provincial population was recorded at about 414,000 as of January 2024, and an area of 1,097 square kilometres (424 sq mi).
Frank Kofsky
Frank Kofsky (1935–1997) was an American Marxist historian, author, and Professor of History at California State University, Sacramento, from 1969 until his death. A musician himself, Kofsky also wrote several books on jazz, mainly concentrating on the avant-garde of the 1960s and the relationship between musicians and the industry on which they depend.

In the liner notes for the Impulse! release of The John Coltrane Quartet Plays (A(S)-85; 1965), Kofsky gives an analysis on the transition from bop to the avant garde as it relates to Coltrane's career.

The John Coltrane Quartet Plays
The John Coltrane Quartet Plays (full title The John Coltrane Quartet Plays Chim Chim Cheree, Song of Praise, Nature Boy, Brazilia) is an album by the jazz musician John Coltrane, recorded in February and May 1965, shortly after the release of A Love Supreme.
Peter Ridgway
Peter Frederick Ridgway (born 15 July 1972) is a former English cricketer.  Ridgway was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium.  He was born in Penkhull, Staffordshire.

Ridgway made his debut for Staffordshire County Cricket Club in the 1991 Minor Counties Championship against Durham. He played Minor counties cricket for Staffordshire from 1991 to 1996, which included 11 Minor Counties Championship matches and two MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. In 1995, he made his List A cricket debut against Kent in the NatWest Trophy. He played a further List A match against Derbyshire in the 1996 NatWest Trophy.  In his two List A matches, he scored an unbeaten 47 runs against Derbyshire, while with the ball, he took five wickets at a bowling average of 20.60, with best figures of 4/62.

1995 NatWest Trophy
The 1995 NatWest Trophy was the 15th NatWest Trophy.  It was an English limited overs county cricket tournament which was held between 27 June and 2 September 1995. The tournament was won by Warwickshire County Cricket Club who defeated Northamptonshire County Cricket Club by 4 wickets in the final at Lord's.
ChinaCast Education
ChinaCast Education Corporation is a Hong Kong–based for-profit, post-secondary education and e-learning services provider in the People's Republic of China. Established in 1999, the Company provides its post-secondary degree programs through its 80% ownership in the holding company of the Foreign Trade and Business College (FTBC) of Chongqing Normal University. The company provides its e-learning services to post-secondary institutions, K-12 schools, government agencies and corporate enterprises via its nationwide satellite broadband network. It listed on the NASDAQ in 2007 but was delisted in 2012 amidst board turmoil and allegations of wrongdoing.

Educational technology
Educational technology (commonly abbreviated as edutech or edtech) refers to the use of computer hardware, software, and educational theory and practice to facilitate learning and teaching. When referred to with its abbreviation, "EdTech", it often refers to the industry of companies that create educational technology. Scholars such as Tanner Mirrlees and Shahid Alvi (2019) have described the edtech industry as consisting largely of privately owned companies involved in producing and distributing educational technologies for commercial purposes.

In addition to the practical educational experience, educational technology is based on theoretical knowledge from various disciplines such as communication, education, psychology, sociology, artificial intelligence, and computer science. It encompasses several domains, including learning theory, computer-based training, online learning, and mobile learning (m-learning).
Pierre Pujo
Pierre Pujo, born on November 19, 1929, in Boulogne-Billancourt and died on November 10, 2007, in Paris's 14th arrondissement, was a journalist, essayist, media proprietor, politician, and activist with a royalist background in France.

He was the son of Maurice Pujo (co-founder of the Revue d'Action française alongside Charles Maurras in 1899) and Élisabeth Bernard.

Monarchism in France
Monarchism in France is the advocacy of restoring the monarchy (mostly constitutional monarchy) in France, which was abolished after the 1870 defeat by Prussia, arguably before that in 1848 with the establishment of the French Second Republic.
The French monarchist movements are roughly divided today into three groups:

The Legitimists for the royal House of Bourbon,

the Orléanists for the cadet branch of the House of Orléans, and

the Bonapartists for the imperial House of Bonaparte
Santosh Ahlawat
Santosh Ahlawat (born 6 July 1963) is an Indian politician. She was member of Lok Sabha, from 2014 to 2019, from Jhunjhunu, and former member of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly elected in 2013 from Surajgarh as a candidate of Bharatiya Janata Party.
Born in 1965 in Surajgarh, she is married to Surendra Singh Ahlawat. she completed her master's degree in Political Science and Economics from University of Rajasthan and worked in the education field. Later she joined politics. On 16 May 2014 she became a member of Parliament, and was the first-ever female MP from Jhunjhunu, after a record victory of more than 2.34 lac votes.

She started her career as a teacher, and over the years she did tremendous work in field of education, and made the town Surajgarh an educational hub. She serves the society now in the fields of education, politics and social services.

Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
The Rajasthan Legislative Assembly (ISO: Rājāsthān Vidhān Sabhā), is the unicameral legislature of the state of Rajasthan. It is a vital part of the state government, responsible for making and implementing laws.

The assembly meets at Vidhan Bhavan situated in Jaipur, the capital of Rajasthan.
Jack-A-Dandy
Jack-A-Dandy is a supervillain created by writer Alan Moore and artist Rob Liefeld, as guided by Mort Weisinger. The character is modeled after the Joker and the Riddler to be the archenemy of comic book hero Professor Night, which is a character based on the Batman mythos.

Jack-A-Dandy dresses as an early twentieth century high society gentleman and creates havoc out of boredom. In one of the Supreme earlier stories, he teams up with Darius Dax to switch Supreme and Professor Night's minds, but the duo manage to reverse the effect and switch the minds of the two villains.

Rob Liefeld
Robert Liefeld (/ˈlaɪfɛld/; born October 3, 1967) is an American comic book creator. A prominent writer and artist in the 1990s, he is known for co-creating the character Cable with writer Louise Simonson and the character Deadpool with writer Fabian Nicieza. In the early 1990s, Liefeld gained popularity due to his work on Marvel Comics' The New Mutants and later X-Force. In 1992, he and several other popular Marvel illustrators left the company to found Image Comics, which started a wave of comic books owned by their creators rather than by publishers. The first book published by Image Comics was Liefeld's Youngblood #1.

Liefeld has been called one of the most controversial figures in the comic industry for his drawing skills, business practices, and controversial comments.
Radiation Budget Instrument
The Radiation Budget Instrument (RBI) is a scanning radiometer capable of measuring Earth's reflected sunlight and emitted thermal radiation. The project was cancelled on January 26, 2018; NASA cited technical, cost, and schedule issues and the impact of anticipated RBI cost growth on other programs.

RBI was scheduled to fly on the Joint Polar Satellite System 2 (JPSS-2) mission planned for launch in November 2021; the JPSS-3 mission planned for launch in 2026; and the JPSS-4 mission planned for launch in 2031. The one on JPSS-2 would have been the 14th in the series that started with the Earth radiation budget instruments launched in 1985, and would have extended the unique global climate measurements of the Earth's radiation budget provided by the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instruments since 1998.

Space launch
A space launch is the phase of a spaceflight mission during which a launch vehicle reaches space. The launch may be sub-orbital or the launch may continue until the vehicle reaches orbit. A space launch begins at a launch pad, which may be on land or at sea, or when the launch vehicle is released mid-air from an aircraft.
Goodbye Happiness (film)
Goodbye Happiness (French: Au revoir le bonheur) is a French Canadian comedy-drama film, directed by Ken Scott and released in 2021. The film centres on Nicolas (François Arnaud), Thomas (Antoine Bertrand), Charles-Alexandre (Louis Morissette) and William (Patrice Robitaille), four brothers who do not get along but are attempting to set aside their differences at their father's funeral.

The cast also includes Julie Le Breton, Charlotte Aubin, Marilyse Bourke, Élizabeth Duperré, Geneviève Boivin-Roussy and Pierre-Yves Cardinal.

The film premiered in theatres on December 17, 2021.

Ken Scott (filmmaker)
Ken Scott (born in 1970 in Dalhousie, New Brunswick) is a Canadian screenwriter, actor, director, and comedian. He is best known as a member of the comedy group Les Bizarroïdes with Martin Petit, Stéphane E. Roy and Guy Lévesque, and as screenwriter of the films Seducing Doctor Lewis, The Little Book of Revenge (Guide de la petite vengeance), and Starbuck, as well as television series Le Plateau.
Jeshani Naran
Jeshani Mansukh Naran (born 20 June 1988) is an Indian-born Kenyan former cricketer.

Varsani was born at Bhuj in the Indian state of Gujarat in June 1988. He emigrated to Kenya and later made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Kenya against the United Arab Emirates in the 2011–2013 ICC Intercontinental Cup at Nairobi in July 2011. Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed for 7 runs in the Kenyan first innings by Mohammad Tauqir, while in their second innings he was dismissed without scoring by Shoaib Sarwar. Three days prior to this match, he made what would be his only appearance in List A cricket against the same opposition, keeping wicket he scored 10 runs before being dismissed by Arshad Ali. In the second match of the one-day series he was replaced as wicket-keeper by Rajesh Varsani. In Kenyan domestic cricket, Naran played for the Eastern Aces in the only edition of the Sahara Elite League in 2008.

2011–2013 ICC Intercontinental Cup
The 2011–13 ICC Intercontinental Cup is the sixth edition of the ICC Intercontinental Cup, an international first-class cricket tournament between leading associate members of the International Cricket Council. The tournament will run from June 2011 to October 2013. The format has been changed since the 2009–10 edition. The previous two-division system has been replaced by a single eight-team division, comprising the six teams from 2010 ICC World Cricket League Division One (Afghanistan, Canada, Ireland, Kenya, Netherlands, and Scotland) and the top two teams from 2011 ICC World Cricket League Division Two (Namibia and United Arab Emirates).

For the first time, a one-day tournament, the 2011–13 ICC World Cricket League Championship, will run in parallel with the first-class tournament.