hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Redemption Hospital
Redemption Hospital is a 200-bed hospital operated by the government in Liberia's capital city, Monrovia. This hospital had stopped its operations during the hard times of the Ebola epidemic and civil wars of 1990s. The hospital, renamed "New Redemption Hospital", is set to be one of the larger hospitals in Monrovia. It is currently under construction in the suburb of Caldwell. Construction is being carried out by the Liberian government and architecture company Mass Design Group based in Boston with an office in Kigali.

Caldwell, Liberia
Caldwell is a township located in Montserrado County, Liberia. Caldwell was one of the four townships established in the first wave of colonization (between 1822 and 1827). It is listed as one of the original settlements comprising the Commonwealth of Liberia in the 1839 Constitution, which was drafted by the American Colonization Society.  The name comes from Elias B. Caldwell and family, about 1816, Presbyterians in what became Caldwell, New Jersey.: 5
Chone Monastery
Chone Monastery (Tibetan:  Wylie:; Chinese: Jonê; Pinyin: Zhuōní), also Chone Gonchen Ganden Shedrubling, or Choni Monastery was originally a Sakya monastery. It is situated adjacent to Liulin, Jonê County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province, China, at an altitude of about 2,610 m (8,563 ft).

Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
34°59′N 102°55′E﻿ / ﻿34.98°N 102.91°E﻿ / 34.98; 102.91

Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Chinese: 甘南藏族自治州; pinyin: Gānnán Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu; Tibetan: ཀན་ལྷོ་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་, Wylie: Kan-lho Bod-rigs rang-skyong-khul, ZWPY: Gainlho Poirig Ranggyong Kü) is an autonomous prefecture in southern Gansu Province, China, bordering Linxia to the north, Dingxi to the northeast, Longnan to the east and Aba (Sichuan province) to the south. It includes Xiahe and the Labrang Monastery, Luqu, Maqu and other mostly Tibetan towns and villages. Gannan has an area of 40,898 km2 (15,791 sq mi) and its capital is Hezuo city (Zoi). In the first year of the proclamation of Gannan Autonomous District, the district-seat was at the Labrang Town of Sangqu.
Financial Assistance Scheme
The Financial Assistance Scheme (FAS) is a British scheme under the UK welfare system, that offers help to members of eligible schemes who have lost out on their pension either because their employer became insolvent between 1 January 1997 and 5 April 2005,
or is solvent but under a "compromise agreement" and no longer has to meet its commitment to pay its debt to the pension scheme.

Welfare state in the United Kingdom
The welfare state of the United Kingdom began to evolve in the 1900s and early 1910s, and comprises expenditures by the government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland intended to improve health, education, employment and social security. The British system has been classified as a liberal welfare state system.
ArieForce One
ArieForce One is a steel roller coaster at Fun Spot America Atlanta in Fayetteville, Georgia. Manufactured by Rocky Mountain Construction, the ride was first announced by representatives of the Fun Spot America chain in May 2021, and the coaster was formally unveiled at the IAAPA Orlando Expo on November 16, 2021. At an accumulated cost of $18 million, ArieForce One represents the single largest investment on any ride in Fun Spot America's history. ArieForce One officially opened to the public on March 31, 2023.

Fayetteville, Georgia
Fayetteville (/ˈfeɪ.ət.vɪl/ FAY-ət-vil; locally /ˈfeɪ.ət.vəl/ FAY-ət-vəl) is a city in and the county seat of Fayette County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 18,957, up from 15,945 at the 2010 census. Fayetteville is located 22 miles (35 km) south of downtown Atlanta.
Ponghwasan Sports Club
Ponghwasan Sports Club  (Korean: 봉화산체육단; Hancha: 烽火山體育團) is a North Korean organization of physical education specialty with several departments.

It is named after Ponghwasan (봉화산), a mountain in Unsan County, North Pyongan Province.

Currently, the women's football team of Ponghwasan is participating in the 2024–25 DPR Korea Women's Premier League, having become champion in 2012.

The club also has a men's football team, which competed in the 2011 DPR Korea Premier Football League season.

DPR Korea Premier Football League
The DPR Korea Premier Football League (Korean: 조선민주주의인민공화국 1부류축구련맹전) is the men's top professional football division of the North Korean football league system. The DPR Korea Premier Football League was established in 2017, replacing previous football tournaments held in a knockout format which served as a highest-level football competition in North Korea.
Masonic Hall (Carrollton, Mississippi)
The Old Masonic Hall in Carrollton, Mississippi, also known as Carrollton Lodge No. 36, is a historic building built in 1899 that was designated a Mississippi Landmark in 2002.

The Carrollton Masonic Lodge #36 was chartered in 1838.  The building was built in 1899.

Carrollton, Mississippi
Carrollton is a town in and the second county seat of Carroll County, Mississippi, United States, which is within the Mississippi Delta. As of the 2020 census, Carrollton had a population of 423. Centrally located in the county, the town is part of the Greenwood, Mississippi micropolitan area. The second county seat, Vaiden, was founded in the south eastern part of the county during its early settlement.
Yowah nut
The Yowah nut is a type of precious opal, found within the Yowah opal fields situated in Yowah, Shire of Paroo, South West Queensland, Australia since the latter part of the 19th century. These opals are known for their distinctive nut-like shape, opalescent patterns, and vibrant colours.

South West Queensland
South West Queensland is a remote region in the Australian state of Queensland which covers 319,808 km2 (123,479 sq mi). The region lies to the south of Central West Queensland and west of the Darling Downs and includes the Maranoa district and parts of the Channel Country.  The area is noted for its cattle grazing, cotton farming, opal mining and oil and gas deposits.

At the federal level the whole region is encompassed by the Division of Maranoa. Local Government areas included in the region are Maranoa Region, Shire of Balonne, Shire of Paroo, Shire of Murweh, Shire of Bulloo and the Shire of Quilpie. South West Queensland has a population of 26,489.

The region is serviced by the ABC Western Queensland radio station.
Demetrius of Bulgaria
Demetrius (Church Slavonic: Димитрїи Блъгарьскъ Bulgarian: Димитрий Български) was the second Patriarch of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church and the first one to have been recognized by the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople as a result of the Byzantine–Bulgarian Treaty of 927, which affirmed the Bulgarian victory in the War of 913–927 against the Byzantine Empire. Demetrius headed the Bulgarian Patriarchate in the first years of the reign of emperor Peter I (r. 927–969).

Demetrius was mentioned as the second Patriarch of Bulgaria in the Book of Boril, written in 1211. It is likely that Demetrius resided in the city of Drastar on the river Danube rather than in the capital of the Bulgarian Empire Preslav. He was succeeded by Sergius.

Peter I of Bulgaria
Peter I (Church Slavonic: Петръ А҃; Bulgarian: Петър I; died 30 January 970) was the emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria from 27 May 927 to 969. Facing Bogomilism and rebellions by his brothers and also by Časlav Klonimirović early on in his reign, Peter secured more success later in life; he ensured the retreat of the invading Rus by inciting Bulgaria's allies, the Pechenegs, to attack Kiev itself. Traditionally seen as a weak ruler who lost land and prestige, recent scholarship challenges this view, emphasizing the empire's affluence and internal peace. Considered a good ruler during the Middle Ages, his name was adopted by later leaders trying to restore Bulgarian independence under Byzantine rule to emphasize legitimacy and continuity.
Craig Seymour
Craig Seymour (born November 25, 1968) is an American writer, photographer, celebrity interviewer, music critic and former stripper. He was born in Washington, D.C. He has written for The Washington Post, Entertainment Weekly, Vibe, and Spin, among other publications, and has served as pop music critic for The Buffalo News and The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. He holds a Ph.D. in American Studies from the University of Maryland, College Park in College Park. Seymour was formerly a professor of English at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth and Associate Professor of Journalism at Northern Illinois University. He lives in Chicago.

He has interviewed and profiled some of the biggest names in music, including Janet Jackson, Mariah Carey, and Luther Vandross, who granted him numerous interviews. Seymour has also been a music analyst for CNN's Headline News. He is a native of Washington, D.C.

Vibe (magazine)
Vibe is an American music and entertainment magazine founded by producers David Salzman and Quincy Jones. The publication predominantly features R&B and hip hop music artists, actors and other entertainers. After shutting down production in the summer of 2009, it was purchased by the private equity investment fund InterMedia Partners, then issued bi-monthly with double covers and a larger online presence. The magazine's target demographic is predominantly young, urban followers of hip hop culture. In 2014, the magazine discontinued its print version.

The magazine features a broader range of interests than its closest competitors The Source and XXL, which focus more narrowly on rap music, or the rock- and pop-centric Rolling Stone and Spin. The May 1998 Vibe article "Racer X" by Ken Li is credited as the basis for the 2001 film The Fast and the Furious and the resulting franchise.
Ned Stonehouse
Ned Bernard Stonehouse (March 19, 1902 - November 18, 1962) was a renowned New Testament scholar. He joined J. Gresham Machen in the founding of Westminster Theological Seminary in 1929, where he worked for over thirty years. Stonehouse served as one of the 34 constituting members of the Orthodox Presbyterian Church in 1936. He received the A.B. from Calvin College (1924), the Th.B. and Th.M. from Princeton Theological Seminary (1927), and the Ph.D. from the Free University of Amsterdam (1929).

Calvin University
Calvin University is a private Christian university in Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States. Founded in 1876, Calvin University is an educational institution of the Christian Reformed Church and stands in the Reformed (Calvinist) tradition. Known as Calvin College for most of its history, the school is named after John Calvin, the 16th-century Protestant Reformer.
Cees van Bruchem
Cornelis "Cees" van Bruchem  (born 25 February 1950 in Bruchem) is a former Dutch politician. Until 2008, he was a member of the ChristianUnion (ChristenUnie). Before that he was a member of its predecessor the Reformatory Political Federation (RPF). He was a Senator from 1999 to 2003. Previously he was a councillor from Kerkwijk and Zaltbommel, and also an alderman in last one.

Bruchem
Bruchem is a village in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of Zaltbommel, and lies about 11 km north of 's-Hertogenbosch.

Bruchem was a separate municipality, which was renamed in 1818, to "Kerkwijk".

It was first mentioned in the first quarter of the 13th century as Bruchem, and means "settlement on swampy land". There is an 868 reference to Brucheim, however it is not clear whether it is the same settlement. The village developed into a stretched out esdorp. The nave of the Protestant church dates from around 1300, and the choir dates from the 14th century. In 1840, Bruchem was home to 452 people.
3133 Sendai
3133 Sendai, provisional designation A907 TC, is a stony Flora asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 4 October 1907, by German astronomer August Kopff at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid was named for the Japanese city of Sendai.

Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory
Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory (German: Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl) is a historic astronomical observatory located near the summit of the Königstuhl hill in the city of Heidelberg in Germany. It is operated by the Center for Astronomy (ZAH) at the University of Heidelberg.

The predecessor of the current observatory was originally opened in 1774 in the nearby city of Mannheim but degradation of observational conditions there resulted in a relocation to the Königstuhl in 1898.

The Observatory facility have little value for current astronomical research of ZAH; research is done with the Gama Ray H.E.S.S in Namibia and ESO facilities in Chile.

Andreas Quirrenbach is the observatory's director since 2005.
Ramanakot
Ramanakot  is a village development committee in Kalikot District in the Karnali Zone of north-western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2543 people living in 447 individual households.

Kalikot District
Kalikot District (Nepali: कालीकोट जिल्ला Listenⓘ), a part of Karnali province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, with Manma as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,741 km2 (672 sq mi), had a population of 105,580 in 2001 and 136,948 in 2011. In September 2005, in a bid to encourage a change in social attitudes, the government announced that it would provide rice to any family that had recently had a girl born.
Ivar Cederholm
Sven Ivar Cederholm (June 22, 1902 – October 19, 1982) was a Norwegian tenor.

Cederholm was born in Oslo, the son of Sven and Alvhild (Alfhild) Cederholm (née Knoff). He debuted in 1936 in Gothenburg and performed in operetta roles in Scandinavia and London, including as Rosillon in The Merry Widow, the count in Der Graf von Luxemburg, Paris in La belle Hélène, and Prince Radjami in Die Bajadere. He also sang with the Norwegian Radio Orchestra. He appeared as a singer in the 1942 film Det æ'kke te å tru. Cederholm also taught music at the school in Oslo's Marienlyst neighborhood. He died in 1982 and is buried in Oslo's West Cemetery.

The Merry Widow
The Merry Widow (German: Die lustige Witwe [diː ˈlʊstɪɡə ˈvɪtvə]) is an operetta by the Austro-Hungarian composer Franz Lehár. The librettists, Viktor Léon and Leo Stein, based the story – concerning a rich widow, and her countrymen's attempt to keep her money in the principality by finding her the right husband – on an 1861 comedy play, L'attaché d'ambassade (The Embassy Attaché) by Henri Meilhac.

The operetta has enjoyed extraordinary international success since its 1905 premiere in Vienna and continues to be frequently revived and recorded. Film and other adaptations have also been made. Well-known music from the score includes the "Vilja Song", "Da geh' ich zu Maxim" ("You'll Find Me at Maxim's"), and the "Merry Widow Waltz".
Loving You (Feargal Sharkey song)
"Loving You" is a song by Irish singer Feargal Sharkey, which was released in 1985 as a non-album single. It was written by Sharkey and Jo Callis, and produced by Queen drummer Roger Taylor and David Richards. "Loving You" reached No. 26 in the UK Singles Chart and remained in the chart for eleven weeks.

Taylor provided additional drums and synths on "Loving You". The single's B-side, "Is This An Explanation?", was exclusive to the single. It was written by Sharkey and Callis, and produced by Sharkey.

Feargal Sharkey
Seán Feargal Sharkey OBE (born 13 August 1958) is a singer, and environmentalist from Derry, Northern Ireland. He was the lead vocalist of the punk band the Undertones in the 1970s and 1980s, and became a solo artist in the 1980s and 1990s. His 1985 solo single "A Good Heart" was a number-one hit in the United Kingdom, Australia, Belgium, Ireland, and the Netherlands. After becoming less musically active in the early 1990s, he has performed various roles supporting the UK's commercial music industry, winning several awards and honours for his work in that area.

Sharkey is also a lifelong fly fisherman, and has campaigned against the pollution of British rivers (particularly chalk streams). He is also the Chairman of the Amwell Magna Fishery. He has become a figurehead for the campaign to prevent water companies dumping sewage into UK waterways and coasts.
Kaggalipura
Kaggalipura is a village along Kanakapura Road on the outskirts of Bangalore, in the southern state of Karnataka, India. Kaggalipura is located on the Bangalore-Coimbatore National Highway 948, around 20 km south of Bangalore. The village is named after the Kaggali tree (Acacia catechu), which grows in abundance locally. The village was established after clearing several Kaggali trees from the area.

Kaggalipura is:

23 km from Majestic Bus Station in Bangalore,
13 km from Uttarahalli,
16 km from Banashankari Temple,
17 km from Global Village Tech Park in Rajarajeshwari Nagar,
18 km from Kengeri via NICE Road,
21 km from Electronic City,
16 km from Meenakshi Mall on Bannerghatta Road and
1 km from Sri Sri Ravishankar Ashram.

Hindus are the largest religious group in the village with their gramadevate (village deity) being Patallamma Devi.

Banashankari
Banashankari, commonly abbreviated as BSK, is a locality spread across South and West Bangalore. Its name is derived from the Banashankari Amma Temple on Kanakapura Road, one of Bangalore's renowned temples constructed by Subramanya Shetty in 1915.

Banashankari is the largest locality in Bangalore, stretching from Mysore Road to Kanakapura Road. It is bordered by Byatarayanapura, Nayandahalli, Girinagar, and Rajarajeshwari Nagar in the west; Basavangudi and Hanumanthanagar in the north; Jayanagar and J.P. Nagar in the east, and Uttarahalli and Kengeri in the south, encompassing parts of these neighborhoods.
Wolfgang Printz
Wolfgang Caspar Printz (10 October 1641 – 13 October 1717), normally referred to as Wolfgang Printz (with sometimes the variation of Kaspar), was a German composer who studied theology and was appointed cantor at Promnitz, Triebel and Sorau. His Historische Beschreibung der edlen Sing- und Klingkunst...von Anfang der Welt bis auf unserer Zeit (which in English means: Historical description of the noble art of singing and instrumental music ... from the beginning of the world until our time) was the first history of music written in Germany.

Żary
Żary ([ˈʐarɨ] ⓘ; Lower Sorbian: Žarow, pronounced [ˈʒarɔw]; German: Sorau, pronounced [ˈzoːʁaʊ] ⓘ) is a town in western Poland with 37,502 inhabitants (2019), situated in the Lubusz Voivodeship. It is the administrative seat of the Żary County and of the Gmina Żary within the county, though the town is not part of the gmina (commune).

Żary is located in the east of the historic Lower Lusatia region, in the borderland with the Silesian lowlands and Greater Poland, roughly outlined by the Bóbr and Oder rivers. The city is one of the biggest economic and tourist centers in the southern Lubuskie region and the largest town in the Polish part of Lusatia, and is also referred as its unofficial capital. The city, whose history dates back more than 1000 years, features many historic sites.
Anavitrinella pampinaria
Anavitrinella pampinaria, the common gray, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Achille Guenée in 1857. It is found in most of North America except the Arctic regions, south to Mexico.

The wingspan is 23–34 mm.

Adults are on wing from April to October.

The larvae feed on Malus, Fraxinus, Trifolium, Pyrus, Populus and Salix species.

Malus
Malus (/ˈmeɪləs/ or /ˈmæləs/) is a genus of about 32–57 species of small deciduous trees or shrubs in the family Rosaceae, including the domesticated orchard apple, crab apples (sometimes known in North America as crabapples) and wild apples.

The genus is native to the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere.
Coriandoli
"Coriandoli" (English: "Confetti") is a song composed by Roberto Livraghi and Walter Baracchi with lyrics by Leo Chiosso. The song was recorded by Italian singer Mina in 1960 and was originally released as a B-side to the single "Tessie Tessie". However, "Coriandoli" became much more popular, reaching number seven in the Italian hit parade. Mina also included the song in the album Il cielo in una stanza. By December 1960, it had sold 50,000 copies.

Mina recorded a French version called "Confetti" with lyrics by Fernand Bonifay.

Leo Chiosso
Leo Matteo Chiosso (Italian pronunciation: [ˈlɛːo ˈkjɔsso]; 8 August 1920 – 26 November 2006) was an Italian lyricist mostly known for his work with Fred Buscaglione. They formed a songwriting duo who produced about forty songs and created Buscaglione's public persona, a humorous tough guy with a penchant for whisky and women.
Bounds checking
In computer programming, bounds checking is any method of detecting whether a variable is within some bounds before it is used. It is usually used to ensure that a number fits into a given type (range checking), or that a variable being used as an array index is within the bounds of the array (index checking). A failed bounds check usually results in the generation of some sort of exception signal.

As performing bounds checking during each use can be time-consuming, it is not always done. Bounds-checking elimination is a compiler optimization technique that eliminates unneeded bounds checking.

Upper and lower bounds
In mathematics, particularly in order theory, an upper bound or majorant of a subset S of some preordered set (K, ≤) is an element of K that is greater than or equal to every element of S.
Dually, a lower bound or minorant of S is defined to be an element of K that is less than or equal to every element of S. 
A set with an upper (respectively, lower) bound is said to be bounded from above or majorized (respectively bounded from below or minorized) by that bound. 
The terms bounded above (bounded below) are also used in the mathematical literature for sets that have upper (respectively lower) bounds.
2014 California State Board of Equalization elections
The 2014 California State Board of Equalization elections took place on November 4, 2014, to elect all four seats of the State Board of Equalization, with the non-partisan blanket primary election taking place on June 3, 2014.

George Runner
George C. Runner Jr. (born March 25, 1952) is an American politician from California who served on the California State Board of Equalization, the only publicly elected tax commission in the United States. A Republican, he represented the Board's 2nd District from 2011 to 2015 and the renumbered 1st District from 2015 to 2019.

From 2004 to 2010, he was a California State Senator representing the 17th Senate District, and was the Republican Caucus Chair (the Senate's second-highest Republican leadership post) from 2004 to 2009.  From 1996 to 2002, he was a California State Assemblyman representing the 36th Assembly District, which at the time consisted of portions of Los Angeles County.