hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
SCAL FB.40
The SCAL FB.40 was a French, side-by-side seat biplane trainer chosen in 1938 for widespread use in the Aviation Populaire programme. The Second World War prevented large scale production but at least two were restored post-war, one becoming a familiar rally participant.

Bracing (aeronautics)
In aeronautics, bracing comprises structural members which stiffen the functional airframe to give it rigidity and strength under load. Bracing may be applied both internally and externally, and may take the form of struts, which act in compression or tension as the need arises, and/or wires, which act only in tension.

In general, bracing allows a stronger, lighter structure than one which is unbraced, but external bracing adds drag which slows down the aircraft and raises considerably more design issues than internal bracing. Another disadvantage of bracing wires is that they require routine checking and adjustment, or rigging, even when located internally.

During the early years of aviation, bracing was a universal feature of aeroplanes, including monoplanes and biplanes, which were then equally common. Bracing in the form of lift struts remains in use for some light commercial designs where a high wing and light weight are more important than ultimate performance.
Man-sik
Man-sik, also spelled Man-shik, is a Korean given name.

People with this name include:

Cho Man-sik (1884–1950), Korean independence activist

Chae Man-sik (1902–1950), Korean novelist

Kim Man-sig (1940 or 1942 – 2013), South Korean fencer

Jung Man-sik (born 1975), South Korean actor

Cho Man-sik
Cho Man-sik (Korean: 조만식; 1 February 1883 – possibly October 1950), also known by his art name Godang (고당), was a Korean independence activist.

He became involved in the power struggle that enveloped North Korea in the months following the Japanese surrender after World War II. Originally, Cho was supported by the Soviet Union for the eventual rule of North Korea. However, due to his opposition to the USA proposed trusteeship, Cho lost Soviet support and was forced from power by the Soviet-backed and pro Soviet communists in the north (a predecessor of the Workers' Party of Korea).

Placed under house arrest in January 1946, he later disappeared into the North Korean prison system, where confirmed reports of him end. He is generally believed to have been executed soon after the start of the Korean War, possibly in October 1950.
ZOS Messaging Service
ZOS Messaging Service (ZMS) is a location communication standard that operates over cellular network. ZMS uses standardized communications protocols and IP Networks to allow the exchange of geo coordinates between mobile phones, and between mobile telephone devices and personal computers.

ZMS enables developers of location-based service (LBS) applications to access multiple device platforms. The standard also opens the location-based advertising (LBA) market to create new advertising channels.
ZMS was developed by ZOS Communications in 2007. Its first use was in the mobile peer-to-peer location application zhiing.

Geographic coordinate system
A geographic coordinate system (GCS) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude. It is the simplest, oldest, and most widely used type of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others. Although latitude and longitude form a coordinate tuple like a cartesian coordinate system, geographic coordinate systems are not cartesian because the measurements are angles and are not on a planar surface.

A full GCS specification, such as those listed in the EPSG and ISO 19111 standards, also includes a choice of geodetic datum (including an Earth ellipsoid), as different datums will yield different latitude and longitude values for the same location.
SAK
SAK or sak can stand for:

Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions (Suomen Ammattiliittojen Keskusjärjestö in Finnish)
Finnish Federation of Trade Unions, forerunner of the Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions

Secure attention key

SAK Comedy Lab, an Improvisational Comedy Theater in Orlando, Florida, United States

Steve Kaufman, nickname given by his mentor Andy Warhol

Swiss Army Knife

Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur, an academic Egyptological journal

The IATA airport code for Sauðárkrókur Airport, Skagafjörður,  Iceland

ISO 639-2 (alpha-3) code for the Shake or Sake language, spoken in Gabon

Siumut Amerdlok Kunuk, a football and handball club in Greenland

Secure attention key
A secure attention key (SAK), special attention key, or secure attention sequence (SAS) is a special key, key combination or sequence to be pressed on a computer keyboard before a login screen which must, to the user, be completely trustworthy. The  operating system kernel, which interacts directly with the hardware, or init system is able to detect whether the secure attention key has been pressed. When this event is detected, the trusted login processing is started.

The secure attention key is designed to make login spoofing impossible, as the kernel will suspend any program, including those masquerading as the computer's login process, before starting a trustable login operation.
William Templeton (British politician)
William Paterson Templeton (8 November 1876 – 4 July 1938) was a Scottish Unionist Party politician. He was a member of the Orange Order.

A native of Camlachie, Glasgow, Templeton was a wood turner by trade. Before entering Parliament, Templeton was the first organising secretary of the Unionist Workers' League and a speaker for the Tariff Reform League.

He contested Ross and Cromarty in 1911 and sat as Member of Parliament for Banffshire from 1924 until 1929. He was unsuccessful in Glasgow Shettleston at a 1930 by-election and sat for Coatbridge from 1931 until 1935.

In 1934, he, alongside Captain Herbert Moss MP and former Glasgow town councillor Thomas MacKenzie, was convicted of contravening the Lotteries Act 1710 in connection to the Modern School of Art Union Cesarewitch draw. Templeton was fined £25 (equivalent to £2,242 in 2023).

Coatbridge (UK Parliament constituency)
Coatbridge was a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.  It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) from 1918 to 1950, elected by the first past the post voting system.

It was formed by the division of Lanarkshire. The name was changed in 1950 to Coatbridge and Airdrie.  A later constituency, Coatbridge and Chryston, existed between 1997 and 2005, until it was redrawn as Coatbridge, Chryston and Bellshill.
Stéphane Abaul
Stéphane Abaul (born 23 November 1991) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Club Franciscain in the Martinique Championnat National and internationally for Martinique.

He made his debut for Martinique in 2010. He was in the Martinique Gold Cup squads for the 2013 and 2017  tournaments.

CONCACAF Gold Cup
The CONCACAF Gold Cup (Spanish: Copa Oro CONCACAF) is an association football  competition organized by CONCACAF as its premier continental tournament for men's senior national teams from North America, Central America and the Caribbean. The tournament is held every two years with its inaugural edition in 1991. It is the direct successor competition of the CONCACAF Championship (1963–1989).

So far, three national teams have won the tournament: Mexico (10 times), the United States (7), and Canada (1). All of them are member associations of the North American Football Union (NAFU).
Garreg Lwyd (Black Mountain)
Garreg Lwyd, also known as Moel Gornach, is a peak in the Black Mountain of the Brecon Beacons, South Wales. It is a subsidiary summit of Fan Brycheiniog.

It is the westernmost area over 2,000 feet above sea level in South Wales. Although no marked path crosses the mountain, it may be climbed from the car parks on the A4069 between Brynamman and Llangadog. A cairn with a trig point marks the summit.

Llangadog
Llangadog (Welsh pronunciationⓘ) is a village and community in Carmarthenshire, Wales, which also includes the villages of Bethlehem and Capel Gwynfe. A notable local landscape feature is Y Garn Goch with two Iron Age hill forts.

Llangadog was the administrative centre of the commote of Perfedd and had a castle, destroyed in 1204. Although the borough declined in the Middle Ages, Llangadog retained its market, which was frequented by drovers into the 19th century.

The railway station on the Heart of Wales Line provides regular train services via Transport for Wales Rail. The station had a siding for accessing the Co-op Wholesale Society creamery, allowing milk trains to access the site. After railway access was ceased in the late 1970s, the creamery continued to operate until 2005, when it closed with the loss of 200 jobs. The site has since been redeveloped as a pet food factory.
1st Avenue (Seattle)
1st Avenue is a major street in Seattle, Washington, United States. It traverses Downtown Seattle, including Pioneer Square and Belltown, as well as the adjacent neighborhoods of SoDo and Lower Queen Anne. Numerous landmarks including parks, museums, and historic buildings are located along the street, including Pike Place Market. The Great Seattle Fire of 1889 destroyed much of it and it had to be rebuilt. Parades have taken place on it before and after the fire.

Downtown Seattle
Downtown is the central business district of Seattle, Washington. It is fairly compact compared with other city centers on the U.S. West Coast due to its geographical situation, being hemmed in on the north and east by hills, on the west by Elliott Bay, and on the south by reclaimed land that was once tidal flats. It is bounded on the north by Denny Way, beyond which are Lower Queen Anne (sometimes known as "Uptown"), Seattle Center, and South Lake Union; on the east by Interstate 5, beyond which is Capitol Hill to the northeast and Central District to the east; on the south by S Dearborn Street, beyond which is Sodo; and on the west by Elliott Bay, a part of Puget Sound.
Dean Clarke (footballer, born 1977)
Dean Clarke (born 28 July 1977 in Hereford) is a former footballer who started his career for Hereford United, before moving on to Cheltenham town, Merthyr Town, Newport county, Bath city. He went on to make over 500 southern league appearances and gaining 4 promotions.

Dean started his career at Hereford United as a YTS player making his debut on the last day of the 1993–94 season against Doncaster Rovers.

On 30 January 2021, Clarke was appointed as manager of Southern Football League club Merthyr Town. On the 13th February 2022 Merthyr Town parted ways with Clarke, with the club languishing in the relegation zone of the Southern Premier League South Division.

Hereford
Hereford (/ˈhɛrɪfərd/ ⓘ HERR-if-ərd) is a cathedral city and the county town of the ceremonial county of Herefordshire, England. It is on the banks of the River Wye and lies 16 miles (26 km) east of the border with Wales, 23 miles (37 km) north-west of Gloucester and 24 miles (39 km) south-west of Worcester. With a population of 61,900 in 2024, it is the largest settlement in Herefordshire.

An early town charter from 1189, granted by Richard I of England, describes it as "Hereford in Wales". Hereford has been recognised as a city since time immemorial, with the status being reconfirmed in October 2000. Hereford has been a civil parish since 2000.

Products from Hereford include cider, beer, leather goods, nickel alloys, poultry, chemicals and sausage rolls, as well as the Hereford breed of cattle.
Raubenheimer
Raubenheimer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ben Raubenheimer, South African army officer

Brian Raubenheimer (1940–2021), South African racing driver

Carl Raubenheimer (born 1983), South African cricketer

Davon Raubenheimer (born 1984), South African rugby union player

Marc Raubenheimer (1952–1983), South African pianist

Shaun Raubenheimer (born 1983), South African rugby union player

Carl Raubenheimer
Carl Helgaard Raubenheimer (born 19 December 1983) is a South African cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and leg-break bowler who plays for Boland. He was born in Pretoria.

Raubenheimer made his first-class debut during the 2009–10 season, against Griqualand West. From the tailend, he scored 2 runs in the first innings in which he batted.
Ferri-obertiite
Ferri-obertiite is an amphibole group mineral that was formally approved by the International Mineralogical Association in 2015. It has the chemical formula Na(Na2)(Mg3Fe3+Ti)(Si8O22)O2.

Ferri-obertiite is highly sodic and is especially characterized in the presence of oxygen instead of a hydroxy group or fluorine at the W site, which compensates for the relatively high positive charge due to the dominance of ferric iron and presence of titanium. Similar to many other amphiboles, ferri-obertiite is monoclinic with space group C2/m.

The name honors professor Roberta Oberti of the University of Pavia, Italy.

International Mineralogical Association
Founded in 1958, the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) is an international group of 40 national societies. The goal is to promote the science of mineralogy and to standardize the nomenclature of the 5000 plus known mineral species. The IMA is affiliated with the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS).

The Association supports the activities of Commissions and Working Groups involved on certain aspects of mineralogical practice and facilitates interactions among mineralogists by sponsoring and organising meetings. In particular, the IMA holds its general meeting every four years. The last meeting was scheduled in 2022 in Lyon, France.
Al-Qa'im District
Al-Qa'im District (Arabic: قضاء القائم) is a district in Al Anbar Governorate, Iraq, on the border with Syria. It is centred on the town of Al-Qa'im. The Euphrates river flows through it. At its western end, in the city of Husaybah, is the Al-Qa'im border crossing to Abu Kamal in Syria's Deir ez-Zor Governorate.

Deir ez-Zor Governorate
Deir ez-Zor Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة دير الزور Muḥāfaẓat Dayr az-Zawr) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in eastern Syria, bordering Iraq. It has an area of 33,060 km2 (12,760 sq mi) and a population of 1,239,000 (2011 estimate). The capital is Deir ez-Zor. It is divided roughly equally from northwest to southeast by the Euphrates.
Hero (Super Junior album)
Hero is the debut Japanese studio album (seventh overall) of South Korean boy band Super Junior, released on 24 July 2013 under Avex Trax in Japan. The album placed first in the Oricon Daily Chart on its first day of sales.

Avex Trax
Avex Trax (Japanese: エイベックス トラックス, Hepburn: Eibekkusu Torakkusu) is a record label owned by Japanese entertainment conglomerate Avex Inc. The label was launched in September 1988, and was the first label by the Group.
Zahia Dahmani
Zahia Dahmani (born 2 June 1972, in Roubaix) is a former French athlete, who specialized in long-distance running.

Dahmani won the French national title for the half marathon in 2001, the 5000 metres in 1997, the 10,000 metres in 1997 and 1999, and 10K run in 1997 and 2000.

In 1996, during the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships in Palma, Spain, she won the silver medal in the team event alongside her compatriots Christine Mallo and Muriel Linsolas.

At the European Cross Country Championships, she received the team silver medal in 1999 and the bronze team medal in 1996.

Palma de Mallorca
Palma, also known as Palma de Mallorca (officially between 1983–1988, 2006–2008, and 2012–2016), is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands in Spain. It is situated on the south coast of Mallorca on the Bay of Palma. With a population of 438,234 as of 2024, it is the 8th-largest city in Spain.

The Cabrera Archipelago, though widely separated from Palma proper, is part of the municipality.
Jayhawk, California
38°43′53″N 120°57′59″W﻿ / ﻿38.73139°N 120.96639°W﻿ / 38.73139; -120.96639

Jayhawk (formerly, Jay Hawk) was a former settlement in El Dorado County, California. It was located 6.5 miles (10 km) southwest of Coloma, at an elevation of 1161 feet (354 m).

A post office operated at Jay Hawk from 1860 to 1865.

Jayhawk was named for settlers from Missouri ("Jayhawks") who established the town.  By 1883 Jayhawk was defunct.  The Jayhawk Cemetery remains today.

Coloma, California
Coloma (Nisenan: Cullumah, meaning "beautiful") is a census-designated place (CDP) in El Dorado County, California, United States. It is approximately 36 miles (58 km) northeast of Sacramento. Coloma is most noted for being the site where James W. Marshall found gold in the Sierra Nevada foothills, at Sutter's Mill on January 24, 1848, leading to the California gold rush. Coloma's population is 521.

The settlement is a tourist attraction known for its ghost town and the centerpiece of the Marshall Gold Discovery State Historic Park. Coloma was designated a National Historic Landmark District on July 4, 1961.

It lies at an elevation of 764 feet (233 m).
Weinviertel
The Weinviertel (Austrian German: [ˈvaɪnˌfɪrtl̩] ⓘ; English: "Wine Quarter") or Viertel unter dem Manhartsberg ; "Area below the Manhartsberg" is located in the northeast of Lower Austria.

In the east, the Weinviertel borders Slovakia at the March River. In the south, it borders Mostviertel and Industrieviertel, its limits being the Wagram, the Danube and the Marchfeld. Its western neighbor is Waldviertel, the traditional border being the Manhartsberg. In the north, the Weinviertel is adjacent to the Czech Republic, more specifically Moravia. The river Thaya runs back and forth across the border.

Morava (river)
The Morava (German: March) is a river in Central Europe, a left tributary of the Danube. It is the main river of Moravia historical region in the Czech Republic, which derives its name from the river. The Morava originates on the Králický Sněžník mountain in the north-eastern corner of Pardubice Region, near the border between the Czech Republic and Poland and has a vaguely southward trajectory. The lower part of the river's course forms the border between the Czech Republic and Slovakia and then between Austria and Slovakia.
Perpetual bond
A perpetual bond, also known colloquially as a perpetual or perp, is a bond with no maturity date, therefore allowing it to be treated as equity, not as debt. Issuers pay coupons on perpetual bonds forever, and they do not have to redeem the principal. Perpetual bond cash flows are, therefore, those of a perpetuity.

Coupon (finance)
In finance, a coupon is the interest payment that a bond issuer promises to pay a bondholder regularly from the date of issuance until the date of maturity of a bond.

Coupons are normally described in terms of the "coupon rate", which is calculated by adding the sum of coupons paid per year and dividing it by the bond's face value. For example, if a bond has a face value of $1,000 and a coupon rate of 5% (per year), then it pays total coupons of $50 per year. Typically, this will consist of two semi-annual payments of $25 each.
Riot Act
The Riot Act (1 Geo. 1. St. 2. c. 5), sometimes called the Riot Act 1714 or the Riot Act 1715, was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain which authorised local authorities to declare any group of 12 or more people to be unlawfully assembled and order them to disperse or face punitive action. The act's full title was "An Act for preventing tumults and riotous assemblies, and for the more speedy and effectual punishing the rioters", and it came into force on 1 August 1715. It was repealed in England and Wales by section 10(2) and Part III of Schedule 3 of the Criminal Law Act 1967. Acts similar to the Riot Act passed into the laws of British colonies in Australia and North America, some of which remain in force today.

The phrase "read the riot act" has passed into common usage for a stern reprimand or warning of consequences.

Benefit of clergy
In English law, the benefit of clergy (Law Latin: privilegium clericale) was originally a provision by which clergymen accused of a crime could claim that they were outside the jurisdiction of the secular courts and be tried instead in an ecclesiastical court under canon law. The ecclesiastical courts were generally seen as being more lenient in their prosecutions and punishments, and defendants made many efforts to claim clergy status, often on questionable or fraudulent grounds.

Various reforms limited the scope of this legal arrangement to prevent its abuse, including branding of a thumb upon first use, to limit the number of invocations for some. Eventually, the benefit of clergy evolved into a legal fiction in which first-time offenders could receive lesser sentences for some crimes (the so-called "clergyable" ones). The legal mechanism was abolished in the United Kingdom in 1827 with the passage of the Criminal Law Act 1827.
Reginald Talbot (priest)
Reginald Thomas Talbot (1862 - 29 March 1935) was an Anglican priest in the first part of the 20th century.

Talbot was educated at Clifton College and Exeter College, Oxford. He was ordained in 1886 and was a curate at Gateshead Parish Church and then a lecturer in church history and doctrine in the Dioceses of Durham, Ripon and Newcastle. He then held incumbencies in Sunderland and Derby. From 1906 to 1928 he was a Canon Residentiary at  Bristol Cathedral and Archdeacon of Swindon. He was then Dean of Rochester until his retirement in 1932.

Gateshead
Gateshead (/ˈɡeɪts(h)ɛd/) is a town in the Gateshead Metropolitan Borough of Tyne and Wear, England. It is on the River Tyne's southern bank. At the 2021 census, the population was 196,151.

Historically part of County Durham, under the Local Government Act 1888 the town was made a county borough, meaning it was administered independently of the county council.

The town's attractions include the twenty-metre-tall Angel of the North sculpture on the town's southern outskirts, The Glasshouse International Centre for Music and the Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art. The town shares the Millennium Bridge, Tyne Bridge and multiple other bridges with Newcastle upon Tyne.
Ben Stawski
Ben Stawski (born 5 June 1990) is a badminton player from England. He graduated from Loughborough College with a Foundation Degree in Sports Science in 2010. In 2009, he won bronze medals at the European Junior Badminton Championships in team and mixed doubles event.

Loughborough College
Loughborough College is a large general further education college in the market town of Loughborough, Leicestershire, England. It provides both further education (FE) and higher education (HE) courses on a single campus.

The college offers a broad curriculum, including academic A-levels, T-level technical courses, vocational diplomas, apprenticeships, and some degree-level programmes. The college annually enrols over 10,000 students in full-time, part-time and distance-learning courses.

Loughborough College is known for its strong sports-related programmes and close links with Loughborough University, and its students are eligible to join Loughborough Students’ Union as part of their course.
Young Cassidy
Young Cassidy is a 1965 British biography drama film directed by Jack Cardiff and starring Rod Taylor, Julie Christie, and Maggie Smith. It is a biographical drama based upon the life of the playwright Seán O'Casey.

The Plough and the Stars
The Plough and the Stars is a four-act play by the Irish writer Seán O'Casey that was first performed on 8 February 1926 at the Abbey Theatre. It is set in Dublin and addresses the 1916 Easter Rising. The play's title references the Starry Plough flag which was used by the Irish Citizen Army.

It is the third play of O'Casey's well-known "Dublin Trilogy" – the other two being The Shadow of a Gunman (1923) and Juno and the Paycock (1924).