hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scott Fuller
Scott Allen Fuller is an American politician serving as a Republican member of the West Virginia Senate for the 5th district. He served 29 years in the West Virginia Army National Guard, 20 years on the Huntington Police Department, and six years in the United States Navy. He retired from the Huntington Police Department in 2010 and the WV National Guard in 2017. Fuller graduated from Marshall University with a Bachelor of Arts and from the University of Charleston with a Master of Science.

West Virginia Senate
The West Virginia Senate is the upper house of the West Virginia Legislature.
There are seventeen senatorial districts. Each district has two senators who serve staggered four-year terms. Although the Democratic Party held a supermajority in the Senate as recently as 2015, Republicans now dominate in the chamber, and hold 32 seats to the Democrats' two seats.
Auchenheath
Auchenheath is a small village in South Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is on the River Nethan and is located near Blackwood, Kirkmuirhill, and Lanark.

Auchenheath House is a category B listed Italianate house. Originally built around 1842, it was extended and a chapel added later in the 19th century.

South Lanarkshire
South Lanarkshire (Scots: Sooth Lanrikshire; Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Lannraig a Deas) is one of 32 unitary authorities of Scotland. It borders the south-east of the Glasgow City council area and contains some of Greater Glasgow's suburban towns, as well as many rural towns and villages. It also shares borders with Dumfries and Galloway, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, North Lanarkshire, the Scottish Borders and West Lothian. It includes most of the historic county of Lanarkshire.

The administrative centre of South Lanarkshire is Hamilton, with the seat of the local authority, South Lanarkshire Council, located at Lanark County Buildings.
2014 Challenger Banque Nationale de Rimouski
The 2014 Challenger Banque Nationale de Rimouski was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 8th edition of the tournament and part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour, offering a total of $40,000 in prize money. It took place in Rimouski, Canada between March 17 and March 23, 2014.

Rimouski
Rimouski (/ˌrɪmˈuːski/ /ˌrɪmuːˈski/ rim-OO-skee RIM-oo-SKEE; French: [ʁimuski] ⓘ) is a city in Quebec, Canada. Rimouski is located in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region, at the mouth of the Rimouski River. It has a population of 48,935 (as of 2021). Rimouski, whose motto is Legi patrum fidelis (Faithful to the law of our fathers), is located on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence Estuary, around 300 km downstream of Quebec City. It is the site of Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), the Cégep de Rimouski (which includes the Institut maritime du Québec) and the Music Conservatory. It is also the home of some ocean sciences research centres (see below).
Donta Hall
Donta Hall (born August 7, 1997) is an American-born naturalized Azerbaijani professional basketball player for Olympiacos of the Greek Basketball League and the EuroLeague. He played college basketball for the Alabama Crimson Tide.

Raptors 905
The Raptors 905 are a Canadian professional basketball team in the NBA G League based in Mississauga, and are affiliated with the Toronto Raptors. Raptors 905 began play in the 2015–16 season and play their home games at Paramount Fine Foods Centre, replacing the centre's former basketball tenant, the Mississauga Power of the National Basketball League of Canada. The team regularly plays approximately 2 to 4 home games at the Scotiabank Arena, the home of their parent club, the Toronto Raptors. The Raptors 905 is the eighth NBA G League team to be owned by an NBA team and the first NBA G League team to be located outside of the United States.

The name "905" refers to the local area code of the suburban Greater Toronto Area, and is a common shorthand referring to the suburbs surrounding Toronto.
Interstate 5 immigrant crossing signs
The Interstate 5 immigrant crossing signs were California highway safety signs warning motorists to avoid hitting undocumented immigrants darting across the road. It depicted a man, woman, and girl with pigtails running. The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) erected the signs in 1990 in response to over one hundred immigrant pedestrian deaths due to traffic collisions from 1987 to 1990 in two corridors along Interstate 5 along the San Ysidro Port of Entry at the Mexico–United States border and approximately 50 miles (80 km) north at the San Clemente United States Border Patrol checkpoint in Camp Pendleton. Eventually the signs became obsolete after Caltrans erected fences in the freeway's median, and the Border Patrol implemented Operation Gatekeeper in 1995, forcing illegal immigration attempts further east. No longer needing to replace them after they became dilapidated, the last immigration sign disappeared by 2018. The sign remains a pop culture icon.

United States Border Patrol
The United States Border Patrol (USBP) is a federal law enforcement agency under the United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and is responsible for securing the borders of the United States. According to its website as of 2022, its mission is to "Protect the American people, safeguard our borders, and enhance the nation’s economic prosperity."

With 19,648 agents in 2019, the Border Patrol is one of the largest law enforcement agencies in the United States. For fiscal year 2017, Congress enacted a budget of $3,805,253,000 for the Border Patrol.
Kevin Kelly (politician)
Kevin Kelly (born August 18, 1953) is an American politician from Maryland and a member of the Democratic Party. He served in the Maryland House of Delegates, representing District 1B in Allegany County for six terms, from 1987 until 1995, and again from 1999 until 2015. Kelly was a member of the Judiciary Committee and its Civil Law and Procedure Subcommittee.

Maryland House of Delegates District 1B
Maryland House of Delegates District 1B is one of the 67 districts that compose the Maryland House of Delegates. Along with subdistricts 1A and 1C, it makes up the 1st district of the Maryland Senate. Near the state's western border, District 1B is located entirely within Allegany County. Since 2015, it has been represented by Jason C. Buckel, a Republican.

District 1B elected 2 delegates until the 1994 election, when District 1C was created.
EAF family
In molecular biology, the EAF family of proteins act as transcriptional transactivators of ELL and ELL2 RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) transcriptional elongation factors. EAF proteins form a stable heterodimer complex with ELL proteins to facilitate the binding of RNA polymerase II to activate transcription elongation. ELL and EAF1 are components of Cajal bodies, which have a role in leukemogenesis. EAF1 also has the capacity to interact with ELL1 and ELL2. The N terminus of approx 120 of EAF1 has a region of high serine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid residues.

Polymerase
In biochemistry, a polymerase is an enzyme (EC 2.7.7.6/7/19/48/49) that synthesizes long chains of polymers or nucleic acids. DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase are used to assemble DNA and RNA molecules, respectively, by copying a DNA template strand using base-pairing interactions or half ladder replication.

A DNA polymerase from the thermophilic bacterium, Thermus aquaticus (Taq) (PDB 1BGX, EC 2.7.7.7), is used in the polymerase chain reaction, an important technique of molecular biology.

A polymerase may be template-dependent or template-independent. Poly-A-polymerase is an example of template independent polymerase. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase is also known to have template independent and template dependent activities.
Kruszów
Kruszów [ˈkruʂuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tuszyn, within Łódź East County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south-east of Tuszyn and 24 km (15 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Łódź East County
Łódź East County (Polish: powiat łódzki wschodni) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Łódź, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county consists of areas to the east and south of the city, and contains three towns: Koluszki, which lies 24 km (15 mi) east of Łódź, Tuszyn, 20 km (12 mi) south of Łódź, and Rzgów, 14 km (9 mi) south of Łódź.

The county covers an area of 499.32 square kilometres (192.8 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 64,574, out of which the population of Koluszki is 13,407, that of Tuszyn is 7,178, that of Rzgów is 3,338, and the rural population is 40,651.

Until 2002 the county also included the areas which now form Brzeziny County.
Đông Thái village
Đông Thái is a village in Đức Thọ District, Hà Tĩnh Province in Vietnam. It is notable for being the home village of Phan Đình Phùng, the most notable Vietnamese anti-colonial leader of the 19th century. It was also the home village of Hoàng Cao Khải, who was the viceroy of Tonkin (northern Vietnam) during the French colonial era. Khai fought to have Phan captured.

Hà Tĩnh province
Hà Tĩnh is a province in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam. It borders Nghệ An to the north, Quảng Bình to the south, Laos to the west, and the South China Sea (Gulf of Tonkin) to the east.

Hà Tĩnh together with neighbouring Nghệ An province the two provinces are together called "Nghệ Tĩnh", and the locals are  known for speaking Vietnamese with a regional accent.
Charles F. Manski
Charles Frederick Manski (born November 27, 1948) is an American economist and university professor at Northwestern University. Manski is a noted econometrician, known for his work in rational choice theory and an innovator in the area of parameter identification. His research spans econometrics, judgment and decision, and the analysis of social policy (such as work on school choice). A specialist in prediction and decision, he is known within the economics field for landmark work on partial identification, identification of discrete choice models, and identification of social interactions. He has also performed substantial empirical research on measurement of expectations in surveys.

Manski was predicted to win the Nobel Prize in 2015 by Reuters along with two other economists.  Chicago economist John A. List for his work on field experiments and English economist Richard Blundell for his work on labor markets were also listed as favorites to win a future Nobel Prize.

School choice
School choice is a term for education options that allow students and families to select alternatives to traditional public schools.

School choice options include scholarship tax credit programs, open enrollment laws (which allow students to attend public schools other than their neighborhood school), charter schools, magnet schools, virtual schools, homeschooling, education savings accounts (ESAs), and individual education tax credits or deductions.
Chef de cuisine
A chef de cuisine (French pronunciation: [ʃɛf.də.kɥi.zin], French for head of kitchen) also called CDC or head chef, is a chef who leads a kitchen and its cooks. A chef patron (feminine form chef patronne) (French for boss chef) or executive chef is a chef that manages multiple kitchens and their staff.

Front of house
In the performing arts, the front of house (FOH) is the part of a performance venue that is open to the public. In theatres and live music venues, it consists of the auditorium, and foyers, as opposed to the front stage and backstage areas. In a theatre, the front of house manager is responsible for welcoming guests, refreshments, and making sure the auditorium is set out properly. By contrast, back of house (BOH) is any operations that are not visible to the audience, such as props management, costume design, stage set fabrication, lighting control, and other support functions.

Both terms are also used in the restaurant, hospitality, and retailing industries. "Back of house" refers to any work operations that do not have direct customer contact. Examples include cooking, dishwashing, cleaning, shipping and receiving, maintenance and repairs, accounting, and other indirect support tasks which are not usually visible to customers.
Idempotent measure
In mathematics, an idempotent measure on a metric group is a probability measure that equals its convolution with itself;  in other words, an idempotent measure is an idempotent element in the topological semigroup of probability measures on the given metric group.

Explicitly, given a metric group X and two probability measures μ and ν on X, the convolution μ ∗ ν of μ and ν is the measure given by

for any Borel subset A of X. (The equality of the two integrals follows from Fubini's theorem.)  With respect to the topology of weak convergence of measures, the operation of convolution makes the space of probability measures on X into a topological semigroup.  Thus, μ is said to be an idempotent measure if μ ∗ μ = μ.

It can be shown that the only idempotent probability measures on a complete, separable metric group are the normalized Haar measures of compact subgroups.

Convergence of measures
In mathematics, more specifically measure theory, there are various notions of the convergence of measures. For an intuitive general sense of what is meant by convergence of measures, consider a sequence of measures μn on a space, sharing a common collection of measurable sets. Such a sequence might represent an attempt to construct 'better and better' approximations to a desired measure μ that is difficult to obtain directly. The meaning of 'better and better' is subject to all the usual caveats for taking limits; for any error tolerance ε > 0 we require there be N sufficiently large for n ≥ N to ensure the 'difference' between μn and μ is smaller than ε. Various notions of convergence specify precisely what the word 'difference' should mean in that description; these notions are not equivalent to one another, and vary in strength.

Three of the most common notions of convergence are described below.
Kirchler
Kirchler is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Elisabeth Kirchler (born 1963), Austrian skier

Erich Kirchler (born 1954), Italian-Austrian psychologist

Hannes Kirchler (born 1978), Italian discus thrower

Roland Kirchler (born 1970), Austrian football player

Erich Kirchler
Erich Kirchler (born 4 November 1954) is an Italian-Austrian psychologist and Professor of Economic Psychology at the University of Vienna.

His research covers the areas of work, organizational, consumer and economic psychology, in particular tax psychology and money management in private households. He is best known for his research on tax behavior and tax morale and his "slippery slope framework", which has been adopted by a number of tax administrations.
Antoine Joseph Jean Solier
Antoine Joseph Jean Solier (8 February 1792, in Marseille – 27 November 1851, in Marseille) 
was a French naturalist, entomologist and  plant collector.

Captain of engineers in the French army, he made collections in France, Algeria and the Mediterranean area and on an expedition to Oceania especially of Coleoptera. Solier worked on world beetle fauna writing many scientific papers and Orden III. Coleopteros.

His collections, especially important for Tenebrionidae, are in the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. He was a Member of the Société entomologique de France.

Société entomologique de France
The Société entomologique de France (French pronunciation: [sɔsjete ɑ̃tɔmɔlɔʒik də fʁɑ̃s]), or French Entomological Society, is devoted to the study of insects. The society was founded in 1832 in Paris, France.

The society was created by eighteen Parisian entomologists on 31 January 1832. The first (honorary) president was Pierre André Latreille (1762–1833) who was elected unanimously and established the goal of the society to contribute to and progress the development of entomology in all its aspects. The main publications of the society are Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, Annales de la Société entomologique de France and, for a few years, L'Entomologiste, Revue d'Amateurs. The library contains 15,000 volumes and 1,500 titles of old or current literature.
Diakoptics
In systems analysis, Diakoptics (Greek dia–through + kopto–cut, tear) or the "Method of Tearing" involves breaking a (usually physical) problem down into subproblems which can be solved independently before being joined back together to obtain an exact solution to the whole problem. The term was introduced by Gabriel Kron in a series "Diakoptics — The Piecewise Solution of Large-Scale Systems" published in London, England by The Electrical Journal between June 7, 1957 and February 1959. The twenty-one installments were collected and published as a book of the same title in 1963. The term diakoptics was coined by Philip Stanley of the Union College Department of Philosophy.

Mathematical problem
A mathematical problem is a problem that can be represented, analyzed, and possibly solved, with the methods of mathematics. This can be a real-world problem, such as computing the orbits of the planets in the Solar System, or a problem of a more abstract nature, such as Hilbert's problems. It can also be a problem referring to the nature of mathematics itself, such as Russell's Paradox.
Ursus of Benevento
Ursus or Orso (died 892) succeeded his father, Aiulf II, as Prince of Benevento in 890 or 891. Ursus did not long hold this post. He was deposed after the capture of Benevento by the Byzantine strategos of Calabria, Sybbaticius. Benevento became, albeit briefly, the capital of the thema of Langobardia. His epitaphium says:

Ursus . . . splendida progenies . . . hunc genuit princeps Bardorum stemmate clarus Radelchis.

Strategos
Strategos (pl.  strategoi), also known by its Latinised form strategus, is a Greek term meaning 'military general'. In the Hellenistic world and in the Byzantine Empire, the term also described a military governor. In the modern Hellenic Army, it is the highest officer rank.
Cryptocaris
Cryptocaris is an extinct, monospecific genus of remipedes in the family Tesnusocarididae. It lived in what are now the Mazon Creek fossil beds in Illinois during the Middle Pennsylvanian.

The type and only species is C. hootchi.

Moscovian age
The Moscovian is in the ICS geologic timescale a stage or age in the Pennsylvanian, the youngest subsystem of the Carboniferous. The Moscovian age lasted from 315.2 to 307 Ma, is preceded by the Bashkirian and is followed by the Kasimovian. The Moscovian overlaps with the European regional Westphalian stage and the North American Atokan and Desmoinesian stages.
2015–2016 stock market selloff
The 2015–2016 stock market selloff was the period of decline in the value of stock prices globally that occurred between June 2015 to June 2016. It included the 2015–2016 Chinese stock market turbulence, in which the SSE Composite Index fell 43% in just over two months between June 2015 and August 2015, which culminated in the devaluation of the yuan. Investors sold shares globally as a result of slowing growth in the GDP of China, a fall in petroleum prices, the Greek debt default in June 2015, the effects of the end of quantitative easing in the United States in October 2014, a sharp rise in bond yields in early 2016, and finally, in June 2016, the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, in which Brexit was voted upon.

By July 2016, the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) recovered and achieved record highs. The FTSE 100 Index did not do so until later in 2016.

FTSE 100 Index
The Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index, also called the FTSE 100 Index, FTSE 100, FTSE or, informally, the "Footsie" /ˈfʊtsi/, is one of the United Kingdom's best-known stock market indices and represents the 100 most highly capitalised blue chips listed on the London Stock Exchange.
Capitolio
Capitolio (the Spanish for capitol) can refer to:

Colombia: Capitolio Nacional in Bogotá

Cuba: El Capitolio in Havana

Puerto Rico: Capitolio de Puerto Rico in San Juan

Venezuela: Capitolio Federal in Caracas
Capitolio, a metro station in Cararcas.

In Portuguese:

Capitólio, a municipality in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais

National Capitol of Colombia
The National Capitol of Colombia (Spanish: Capitolio Nacional de Colombia), often simply referred to as Capitolio Nacional (National Capitol), is a building on Plaza de Bolívar in central Bogotá, the construction of which began in 1848 and was finished in 1926. It houses both houses of the Congress of Colombia. It was designed by Thomas Reed.
Reforged – Ironbound
Reforged – Ironbound is the thirteenth studio album by German power metal band Iron Savior, which was released on 26 August 2022. It is their second album from their Reforged album series, in which the band releases double albums of re-recorded material from their Noise Records albums that they are legally unable to re-release in original form.

Noise Records
Noise Records is a German heavy metal record label founded in 1983 by German music industry personality Karl-Ulrich Walterbach as an expansion of his company Modern Music Records. It was sold to the Sanctuary Records Group in 2001 and ceased any activity in 2007 due to the bankruptcy of Sanctuary. The Noise catalogue was consequently acquired by Universal Music Group later on. In April 2016, BMG Rights Management, which had acquired Sanctuary Records in 2013, announced that it would revive the Noise Records label.
Love's Lines, Angles and Rhymes (song)
"Love's Lines, Angles and Rhymes" is a song written by Dorothea Joyce and performed by The 5th Dimension.  It reached #6 on the U.S. adult contemporary chart, #19 in Canada, #19 on the Billboard Hot 100, and #28 on the U.S. R&B chart in 1971.  It was featured on their 1971 album, Love's Lines, Angles and Rhymes.

The song was produced by Bones Howe and arranged by Bob Alcivar.

Bob Alcivar
Bob Alcivar (July 8, 1938 – September 12, 2025) was an American music producer, arranger, composer, conductor and keyboard player.

Alcivar died on September 12, 2025, at the age of 87. He was the father of rock keyboard player Jim Alcivar (Montrose, Gamma).
Prestahnúkur
The peak Prestahnúkur (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈpʰrɛstaˌn̥uːkʏr̥] ⓘ) with a height of 1,223 m (4,012 ft), is in the Western Volcanic Zone to the west of the Highlands of Iceland to the west of Langjökull glacier, or to be more specific, to the west of Geitlandsjökull glacier, a part of the Langjökull. The volcano Prestahnúkur includes the terrain under the Geitlandsjökull glacier continuous to the peak and also includes fissure fields to its north and south.

Fissure vent
A fissure vent, also known as a volcanic fissure, eruption fissure or simply a fissure, is a linear volcanic vent through which lava erupts, usually without any explosive activity. The vent is often a few metres wide and may be many kilometres long. Fissure vents can cause large flood basalts which run first in lava channels and later in lava tubes. After some time, the eruption tends to become focused at one or more spatter cones. Volcanic cones and their craters that are aligned along a fissure form a crater row. Small fissure vents may not be easily discernible from the air, but the crater rows (see Laki) or the canyons (see Eldgjá) built up by some of them are.

The dikes that feed fissures reach the surface from depths of a few kilometers and connect them to deeper magma reservoirs, often under volcanic centers. Fissures are usually found in or along rifts and rift zones, such as Iceland and the East African Rift. Fissure vents are often part of the structure of shield volcanoes.