hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leonard Mirman
Leonard Jay Mirman (March 19, 1940 – September 6, 2017) was an American mathematician and economist. He was the Paul G. McIntire Professor of Economics at the University of Virginia. Mirman was known for his contributions to economics of uncertainty.

A native of New York City, Mirman earned a bachelor's (1963) and a master's degree (1965) in mathematics from Brooklyn College and New York University, respectively. Then he enrolled at the University of Rochester, majoring in economics. He received his MA in June 1968, and his Ph.D. in 1970.

While still a graduate student, Mirman started a paper with William A. Brock, who was then an assistant professor in the department, that augmented the Ramsey–Cass–Koopmans model with stochastic technology progress. As business cycle fluctuations arise naturally in this setup, the Brock–Mirman model became the foundation of real business cycle theory, which is at the heart of modern macroeconomics and growth theory.

Real business-cycle theory
Real business-cycle theory (RBC theory) is a class of new classical macroeconomics models in which business-cycle fluctuations are accounted for by real, in contrast to nominal, shocks. RBC theory sees business cycle fluctuations as the efficient response to exogenous changes in the real economic environment. That is, the level of national output necessarily maximizes expected utility.

In RBC models, business cycles are described as "real" because they reflect optimal adjustments by economic agents rather than failures of markets to clear. As a result, RBC theory suggests that governments should concentrate on long-term structural change rather than intervention through discretionary fiscal or monetary policy. These ideas are strongly associated with freshwater economics within the neoclassical economics tradition, particularly the Chicago School of Economics.
Picture Rock Pass Petroglyphs Site
The Picture Rock Pass Petroglyphs Site is in northern Lake County, Oregon, United States.  The site is located near the summit of Picture Rock Pass on land administered by the Bureau of Land Management.  The designs were scraped into a basalt boulder by ancient Native Americans, probably between 7,500 and 12,000 years ago.  No one knows the meaning of the petroglyph designs.  Because of its unique archaeological and cultural significance, the Picture Rock Pass Petroglyph Site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

Lake County, Oregon
Lake County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,160. Its county seat is Lakeview. The county is named after the many lakes found within its boundaries, including Lake Abert, Summer Lake, Hart Lake, and Goose Lake.

Lake County is in the high desert region known as the Oregon Outback, on the northwestern edge of the Great Basin. The county is generally divided between the communities around Lakeview and Paisley to the south and the communities around Christmas Valley, Fort Rock, and Silver Lake to the north.

Its economy consists largely of agriculture and natural resource management and extraction. It is home to many large cattle ranches, hay farms, and timber holdings (both public and private), as well as several frontier towns and early 20th-century homesteads. Although lumber was once a primary economic driver in Lake County, today only one mill remains, at Lakeview.
Joint Service Pay Readjustment Act
The Joint Service Pay Readjustment Act of 1922 (Public Law 67-235) is a law dealing with compensation for the United States armed services. It was signed into law by President Harding on June 10, 1922.

Prior to enactment, separate pay legislation for the United States Army and Navy was the norm. With the law, Congress attempted to deal with compensation for all the armed services in a comprehensive manner in response to higher living costs.

Officers were now to be paid in pay periods rather than quarterly or yearly, but still did not receive a "pay grade" like enlisted men and non-commissioned officers. Higher rates of pay were established for all ranks and longevity credits were given as “permanent additions” to base pay. Cash allowances were authorized for enlisted personnel when quarters and subsistence were not furnished in kind.

As part of the act, the United States Coast Guard was fully elevated to a branch of the armed forces.

Legislation
Legislation is the process or result of enrolling, enacting, or promulgating laws by a legislature, parliament, or analogous governing body. Before an item of legislation becomes law it may be known as a bill, and may be broadly referred to as "legislation" while it remains under consideration to distinguish it from other business. Legislation can have many purposes: to regulate, to authorize, to outlaw, to provide (funds), to sanction, to grant, to declare, or to restrict. It may be contrasted with a non-legislative act by an executive or administrative body under the authority of a legislative act.
Penelope Buitenhuis
Penelope Buitenhuis (born 1963) is a Canadian film and television director and screenwriter. She is most noted as a two-time Directors Guild of Canada award nominee, receiving nods for the DGC Allan King Award for Best Documentary Film in 2002 for Tokyo Girls, and the DGC Award for Best Direction in a Feature Film in 2010 for A Wake.

Originally from Toronto, Ontario, she moved to Vancouver, British Columbia, in the late 1970s to study at Simon Fraser University. She subsequently moved to Berlin, Germany, for a number of years, making a number of short films with a radical artists' collective before releasing her debut feature film, Trouble, in 1993.

She subsequently returned to Canada, where she directed the films Boulevard (1994) and Giant Mine (1996).

Her other credits have included episodes of the television series Lonesome Dove, Kung Fu: The Legend Continues, Wind at My Back, Cold Squad, Power Play, Train 48, Bliss, Paradise Falls, Metropia and Pretty Hard Cases.

Pretty Hard Cases
Pretty Hard Cases is a Canadian police procedural crime comedy-drama television series that premiered on CBC Television on February 3, 2021. Originally announced with the working title Lady Dicks, the series was created by Tassie Cameron and Sherry White. In March 2021, the series was renewed for a second season, which premiered on January 5, 2022. IMDb TV became official co-producer for the series' second season, with the second season released on IMDb TV on April 22, 2022. In June 2022, at CBC's upfronts announcement event, the show was renewed for a third season, with Amazon Freevee (the renamed IMDb TV) still committed and on board to co-fund, co-produce and broadcast in the United States. Season 3 premiered on January 4, 2023 on CBC and CBC Gem in Canada, and on November 29 on Freevee.

The CBC announced in February 2023 that the show will end at the conclusion of the third season on March 8.
North American Association of Central Cancer Registries
The North American Association of Central Cancer Registries, Inc. (NAACCR), established in 1987, is a collaborative umbrella organization for cancer registries, governmental agencies, professional associations, and private groups in North America interested in enhancing the quality and use of cancer registry data.  All central cancer registries in the United States and Canada are members.

Umbrella organization
An umbrella organization is an association of (often related, industry-specific) institutions who work together formally to coordinate activities and/or pool resources. In business, political, and other environments, it provides resources and identities to the smaller organizations. In this kind of arrangement, it is sometimes responsible, to some degree, for the groups under its care. Umbrella organizations are prominent in cooperatives and in civil society, and can engage in advocacy or collective bargaining on behalf of their members.
George Albert Young
George Albert Young, FRSC (1878–1947) was a Canadian geologist who was Chief Geologist of the Canadian Geological Survey. He was President of the Royal Society of Canada in 1935–1936, in succession to fellow geologist Reginald Walter Brock, who died in a plane accident.

Geological Survey of Canada
The Geological Survey of Canada (GSC; French: Commission géologique du Canada, CGC) is a Canadian federal government agency responsible for performing geological surveys of the country developing Canada's natural resources and protecting the environment. A branch of the Geoscience and Earth Monitoring Sector of Natural Resources Canada, the GSC is the country's oldest scientific agency and was one of its first government organizations.
Ibn Hazm
Ibn Hazm (Arabic: ابن حزم, romanized: Ibn Ḥazm; November 994 – 15 August 1064) was an Andalusian Muslim polymath, historian, traditionist, jurist, philosopher, and theologian, born in the Córdoban Caliphate, present-day Spain. Described as one of the strictest hadith interpreters, Ibn Hazm was a leading proponent and codifier of the Zahiri school of Islamic jurisprudence, and produced a reported 400 works, of which only 40 still survive.

In all, his written works amounted to some 80,000 pages. Also described as one of the fathers of comparative religion, the Encyclopaedia of Islam refers to him as having been one of the leading thinkers of the Muslim world.

Revelation
Revelation, or divine revelation, is the disclosing of some form of truth or knowledge through communication with a deity (god) or other supernatural entity or entities in the view of religion and theology.
MeshCore
Free and open-source software portal

Radio portal

MeshCore is an open-source mesh networking protocol and software platform designed for off-grid, low-power text communication using LoRa (Long Range) radio technology. The system enables decentralized, multi-hop wireless messaging without reliance on cellular networks or internet infrastructure.

MeshCore has received independent coverage in technology media for its approach to resilient off-grid communication and for the practical challenges involved in deploying LoRa-based mesh networks.

Multi-hop routing
Multi-hop routing (or multihop routing) is a type of communication in radio networks in which network coverage area is larger than radio range of single nodes. Therefore, to reach some destination a node can use other nodes as relays.

Since the transceiver is the major source of power consumption in a radio node and long-distance transmission requires high power, in some cases multi-hop routing can be more energy efficient than single-hop routing.

Typical applications of multi-hop routing:

Wireless sensor networks

Wireless mesh networks

Mobile ad hoc networks

Smart phone ad hoc networks

Mobile networks with stationary multi-hop relays
Tailevu North Ovalau (Open Constituency, Fiji)
Tailevu North Ovalau Open is a former electoral division of Fiji, one of 25 open constituencies that were elected by universal suffrage (the remaining 46 seats, called communal constituencies, were allocated by ethnicity).  Established by the 1997 Constitution, it came into being in 1999 and was used for the parliamentary elections of 1999, 2001, and 2006. It comprised the island of Ovalau and the northern part of Tailevu Province, on the main island of Viti Levu.

The 2013 Constitution promulgated by the Military-backed interim government abolished all constituencies and established a form of proportional representation, with the entire country voting as a single electorate.

1997 Constitution of Fiji
The 1997 Constitution of Fiji was the supreme law of Fiji from its adoption in 1997 until 2009 when President Josefa Iloilo purported to abrogate it. It was also suspended for a period following the 2000 coup d'état led by George Speight.
United States at the FIFA Women's World Cup
The United States women's national soccer team is the most successful women's national team in the history of the Women's World Cup, having won four titles, earning second-place once and third-place finishes three times. The United States is one of five countries including Germany, Japan, Norway, and Spain to win a FIFA Women's World Cup. (The United States won in China in 1991, in the United States in 1999, in Canada in 2015, and in France in 2019). The United States was also the only team that played the maximum number of matches possible in every tournament until they got eliminated by the eventual third-place winner Sweden in the round of 16 in 2023.

Canada women's national soccer team
The Canada women's national soccer team (French: Équipe du Canada de soccer féminine) represents Canada in international soccer competitions. They are overseen by the Canadian Soccer Association, the governing body for soccer in Canada.

The team reached international prominence at the 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup, losing in the bronze medal match to the United States. Canada qualified for its first Olympic women's soccer tournament in 2008, making it to the quarter-finals. Canada's most significant achievement has been winning the gold medal at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. The team is also two-time CONCACAF Women's Championship winners, and two-time Olympic bronze medallists.

Canada hosted the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup, where they were eliminated in the quarterfinals by England. Canada set a new tournament and team record for attendance in the process, with 1,353,506 and 54,027, respectively.
Bobasakoa
Bobasakoa is a municipality (French: commune, Malagasy: kaominina) in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Antsiranana II, which is a part of Diana Region. According to 2001 census the population of Bobasakoa was 6,309.

Only primary schooling is available in town. The majority 98.9% of the population are farmers, and the most important crop is rice.  Services provide employment for 0.1% of the population, while fishing employs 1% of the population.

Postal code 202.

Diana Region
Diana is a region in Madagascar at the northern part of the island. It borders the regions of Sava to the southeast and Sofia to the southwest. It covers an area of 19,266 km2, and had a population of 889,736 in 2018. The regional capital is Antsiranana (previously known as Diego Suarez).
All the King's Horses (Grover Washington Jr. album)
All the King's Horses is the second album by American saxophonist Grover Washington Jr. It was recorded in 1972 and released on Kudu Records the same year. In 2008, it was reissued on CD by Verve/GRP Records.

David Nadien
David Nadien (March 12, 1926 – May 28, 2014) was an American virtuoso violinist and violin teacher. He was the concertmaster of the New York Philharmonic from 1966 to 1970. His playing style, characterized by fast vibrato, audible shifting noises, and superb bow control, has been compared to that of Jascha Heifetz.
Pear tomato
Pear tomato or teardrop tomato is the common name for any one in a group of indeterminate heirloom tomatoes. There are yellow, orange, and red varieties of this tomato, the yellow variety being most common.  They are generally sweet, and are in the shape of a pear, but smaller. They are heirlooms and have 3 common other names, such as the "Red/Orange/Yellow Pear Tomato Plants."

Indeterminate growth
In biology and botany, indeterminate growth is growth that is not terminated, in contrast to determinate growth that stops once a genetically predetermined structure has completely formed. Thus, a plant that grows and produces flowers and fruit until killed by frost or some other external factor is called indeterminate. For example, the term is applied to tomato varieties that grow in a rather gangly fashion, producing fruit throughout the growing season. In contrast, a determinate tomato plant grows in a more bushy shape and is most productive for a single, larger harvest, then either tapers off with minimal new growth or fruit or dies.
Tuomas Vartiainen
Tuomas Vartiainen (born May 8, 1996) is a Finnish professional ice hockey right winger currently playing for IPK on loan from KalPa.

Vartiainen previously played for Kärpät, making his debut for the team on September 29, 2016 against HPK. He went on to play 11 games during the 2016–17 Liiga season and 12 games during the 2017–18 Liiga season. He also played seven games on loan at Jukurit during the 2017–18 season.

Vartiainen joined IPK of Mestis on May 11, 2018. On April 12, 2019, he received a try-out with IPK's parent club KalPa alongside Julius Rantaeskola. On September 23, 2019, the team announced that both Vartiainen and Rantaeskola would remain until the end of the season.

Mikkelin Jukurit
Mikkelin Jukurit is a professional ice hockey team in Liiga, the top tier Finnish ice hockey league. They play in Mikkeli, Finland, at the Kalevankankaan jäähalli (also known as Let's Go Areena for sponsorship reasons). The team has won seven Mestis (second highest level) championships (2001, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2013, 2015, and 2016).
Palana (river)
The Palana is a west-flowing river on the west side of the upper Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. It flows into the Sea of Okhotsk. It is 141 kilometres (88 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 2,500 square kilometres (970 sq mi). The town of Palana lies on its right bank, near its mouth.

Jurassic radiolarians have been found near the mouth of the river.

Kamchatka Peninsula
The Kamchatka Peninsula (Russian: полуо́стров Камча́тка, romanized: poluóstrov Kamchátka, pronounced [pəlʊˈostrəf kɐmˈt͡ɕætkə], Ainu: Cupka) is a 1,250-kilometre-long (777 mi) peninsula in the Russian Far East, with an area of about 270,000 km2 (100,000 sq mi). The Sea of Okhotsk bounds the peninsula's western coastline, immediately offshore of the peninsula and below the Bering Sea runs the 9,600-metre-deep (31,496 ft) Kuril–Kamchatka Trench. Its eastern coastline is the Bering Sea, part of the Pacific Ocean.

The Kamchatka Peninsula, the Commander Islands, and Karaginsky Island constitute Kamchatka Krai of the Russian Federation. The majority of the 322,079 inhabitants are ethnic Russians, with about 13,000 being Koryaks (2014). More than half of the population lives in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (179,526 in 2010) and nearby Yelizovo (38,980). The Kamchatka Peninsula contains the volcanoes of Kamchatka, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, that form part of the Ring of Fire.
Overlap extension polymerase chain reaction
The overlap extension polymerase chain reaction (or OE-PCR) is a variant of PCR. It is also referred to as Splicing by overlap extension / Splicing by overhang extension (SOE) PCR. It is used to assemble multiple smaller double stranded DNA fragments into a larger DNA sequence. OE-PCR is widely used to insert mutations at specific points in a sequence or to assemble custom DNA sequence from smaller DNA fragments into a larger polynucleotide.

Polynucleotide
In molecular biology, a polynucleotide  (from Ancient Greek  πολυς (polys) 'many') is a biopolymer composed of nucleotide monomers that are covalently bonded in a chain. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) are examples of polynucleotides with distinct biological functions. DNA consists of two chains of polynucleotides, with each chain in the form of a helix (like a spiral staircase).
Bovista colorata
Bovista colorata is a species of puffball fungus in the family Agaricaceae. It is found in eastern North America and northwestern South America. The puffball was first described as Lycoperdon coloratum by Charles Horton Peck in 1878, from collections made in Sand Lake, New York. Hanns Kreisel transferred it to the genus Bovista by  in 1964. The golden to orange-yellow fruitbodies are 13–30 cm (5.1–11.8 in) in diameter. Its spores are spherical, measuring 3.5–5 μm in diameter.

Charles Horton Peck
Charles Horton Peck (March 30, 1833 – July 11, 1917) was an American mycologist of the 19th and early 20th centuries. He was the New York State Botanist from 1867 to 1915, a period in which he described over 2,700 species of North American fungi.
Connecticut Cyclones
The Connecticut Cyclones is a team of the Women's Football Alliance.  Based in Hartford, the Cyclones played two seasons in the Women's Professional Football League and one in the Independent Women's Football League before joining the WFA (while they were based in West Haven).

Originally scheduled to begin play in 2009, the Cyclones have since pushed back their inaugural WFA season to 2010, forfeiting their entire 2009 schedule in the process.

Women's Football Alliance
The Women's Football Alliance (WFA) is a semi-pro full-contact women's American football league in the United States. Founded in 2009, it is the largest 11-on-11 football league for women in the world, and the longest running active women's football league in the U.S. Since 2016, the league has operated with three competitive levels: Pro, Division 2 and Division 3. The league is owned and operated by Jeff King and Lisa Gibbons King of Exeter, California. Lisa King is also a wide receiver for the WFA's Cali War.

In addition to operating annual national championship seasons in the United States, the league also operates the WFA International program which organizes international competitions for its own Team United and Team World against each other and all-star teams from other nations. The program also supports international player exchanges and provides logistical support to women's tackle football leagues in Central and South America, Europe, and Africa.
Kitab al-Rawd al-Mitar
Kitāb al-Rawḍ al-miʿṭār fi khabar al-aqṭār (The Book of the Fragrant Garden) is a fourteenth-century Arabic geography by al-Ḥimyarī that is a primary source for the history of Muslim Iberia in the Middle Ages, though it is based in part on the earlier account by Muhammad al-Idrisi. Very little is known about the author, except that he was close to the Hafsid dynasty. It was edited and translated into French by Évariste Lévi-Provençal in 1938 and into Spanish by María Pilar Maestro González in 1963.

Muhammad al-Idrisi
Abu Abdullah Muhammad al-Idrisi al-Qurtubi al-Hasani as-Sabti, or simply al-Idrisi /ælɪˈdriːsiː/ (Arabic: أبو عبد الله محمد الإدريسي القرطبي الحسني السبتي; Latin: Dreses; 1100–1165), was an Arab Muslim geographer and cartographer who served in the court of King Roger II at Palermo, Sicily. Muhammad al-Idrisi was born in Ceuta, then belonging to the Almoravid dynasty. He created the Tabula Rogeriana, one of the most advanced medieval world maps. al-Idrisi stands as one of the most celebrated cartographers and geographical scholars from the Islamic world, exemplifying the intellectual figures who preserved and advanced the Arabic culture and traditions during the Era of the Normans in medieval Sicily.
The Riding Kid
The Riding Kid is a 1931 American Western film directed by Jack Irwin and starring Buddy Roosevelt, Jean Kay and Fred Church. The title is sometimes spelled The Ridin' Kid.

It was an independent production by the Poverty Row-based Syndicate Pictures.

Poverty Row
Poverty Row is a slang term for small Hollywood studios that produced B movies from the 1920s to the 1950s, typically with much smaller budgets and lower production values than those of the major studios. Although many of these studios were based in the vicinity of Gower Street in Hollywood, the term does not necessarily relate to any specific physical location.

Many of the films produced by Poverty Row studios were those of series in the Western, comedy, adventure and crime genres.