hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nonia gens
The gens Nonia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome. Its members first appear in history toward the end of the Republic. The first of the Nonii to obtain the consulship was Lucius Nonius Asprenas in 36 BC. From then until the end of the fourth century, they regularly held the highest offices of the Roman state.

Praetor
Praetor (/ˈpriːtər/ PREE-tər, Classical Latin: [ˈprae̯tɔr]), also pretor, was the title granted by the government of ancient Rome to a man acting in one of two official capacities: (i) the commander of an army, and (ii) as an elected magistratus (magistrate), assigned to discharge various duties. The functions of the magistracy, the praetura (praetorship), are described by the adjective itself: the praetoria potestas (praetorian power), the praetorium imperium (praetorian authority), and the praetorium ius (praetorian law), the legal precedents established by the praetores (praetors). Praetorium, as a substantive, denoted the location from which the praetor exercised his authority, either the headquarters of his castra, the courthouse (tribunal) of his judiciary, or the city hall of his provincial governorship. The minimum age for holding the praetorship was 39 during the Roman Republic, but it was later changed to 30 in the early Empire.
Summer Cup (Uttoxeter)
The Summer Cup is a National Hunt handicap steeplechase in England which is open to horses aged five years or older. 
It is run at Uttoxeter over a distance of 3 miles, 2 furlongs and 13 yards (3319 metres) and is scheduled to take place each year in late June or early July.

The race was first run in 2000 as the Summer National over a distance of about 4 miles.  The distance was reduced to three and a half miles in 2009.
The race was rebranded as the Summer Cup and reduced further to its current distance in 2012. Prior to 2023 it carried Listed status.

National Hunt racing
National Hunt Racing, also known as Jump Racing, is a form of horse racing particular to many European countries, including, but not limited to:  France, Great Britain and Ireland. Jump Racing requires horses to jump over fences and ditches.

In the UK, National Hunt Racing is divided into two major distinct branches: Hurdling and Steeplechase, as well as flat races called “Bumpers”. Hurdling involves horses jumping over Hurdles, while Steeplechase involves the horses jumping over a variety of different obstacles that includes fences, water jump or an open ditch. Some of the biggest National Hunt events of the year in the UK are the Grand National and the Cheltenham Gold Cup.
World War I in literature
Literature about World War I is generally thought to include poems, novels and drama; diaries, letters, and memoirs are often included in this category as well. Although the canon continues to be challenged, the texts most frequently taught in schools and universities are lyrics by Siegfried Sassoon and Wilfred Owen; poems by Ivor Gurney, Edward Thomas, Charles Sorley, David Jones and Isaac Rosenberg are also widely anthologized. Many of the works during and about the war were written by men because of the war's intense demand on the young men of that generation; however, a number of women (especially in the British tradition) created literature about the war, often observing the effects of the war on soldiers, domestic spaces, and the home front more generally.

Ivor Gurney
Ivor Bertie Gurney (28 August 1890 – 26 December 1937) was an English poet and composer, particularly of songs. He was born and raised in Gloucester. He suffered from bipolar disorder through much of his life and spent his last 15 years in psychiatric hospitals. Critical evaluation of Gurney has been complicated by this, and also by the need to assess both his poetry and his music. Gurney himself thought of music as his true vocation: "The brighter visions brought music; the fainter verse".
Octavio Suárez
Octavio Juan Suárez Caldzadilla (born 26 July 1944) is a Cuban gymnast. He competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics and the 1968 Summer Olympics.

Suárez got a bronze medal at the Panamerican Games in 1963 in Sao Pablo for the teams category, and silver for pommel horse. In 1967 he won a silver medal in the teams category at the Panamerican Games in Winnipeg, Canada. At the Centroamerican Games in Panama he won gold at the teams category and bronze at horizontal bar.

1967 Pan American Games
The 1967 Pan American Games, officially known as the V Pan American Games (French: V Jeux panaméricains) and commonly known as Winnipeg 1967, were held in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, from July 23 to August 6, 1967.

Winnipeg was chosen as host of the Pan American Games on its second try. It first bid for the 1963 Games at the 1959 PASO meeting in Chicago. It lost to São Paulo, Brazil. The Winnipeg Pan American Society then turned its sights to 1967 and was named host nation at the PASO meeting at the São Paulo Games.
Qabtan
Qabtan (Arabic: قبتان, romanized: Qabţān) is a village in northern Aleppo Governorate, northwestern Syria. Situated on the eastern Queiq Plain, it is located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) northeast of Akhtarin, some 35 km (22 mi) northeast of the city of Aleppo, and 14 km (8.7 mi) south of the border with the Turkish province of Kilis.

Administratively the village belongs to Nahiya Akhtarin in Azaz District. Nearby localities include Turkman Bareh 4 km (2.5 mi) to the northwest, and Ziadiyah 4 km (2.5 mi) to the north. In the 2004 census, Qabtan had a population of 846.

Aleppo Governorate
Aleppo Governorate (Arabic: محافظة حلب, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Ḥalab, [muˈħaːfaðˤat ˈħalab]; Kurmanji Kurdish: Parêzgeha Helebê) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is the most populous governorate in Syria with a population of more than 4,867,000 (2011 Est.), almost 23% of the total population of Syria. The governorate is the fifth in area with an area of 18,482 km2 (7,136 sq mi), or 18,498 square kilometres (7,142 sq mi)2, about 10% of the total area of Syria. The capital is the city of Aleppo.
Jim Jesernig
Jim Jesernig  is an American politician of the Democratic Party. He was a member of the Washington State Senate, representing the 8th district from 1991 to 1993. He also served in the Washington House of Representatives from 1987-1991.

He ran for the United States House of Representatives in 1992, losing in the blanket primary to Jay Inslee, the eventual winner, 23–22.

Jesernig served from 1993 to 2001 as the director of the Washington State Department of Agriculture, succeeding Peter J. Goldmark.

Jesernig competed in the hammer at Washington State University and in 1979 was ranked in the top five throwers in the United States.

Washington House of Representatives
The Washington House of Representatives is the lower house of the Washington State Legislature, and along with the Washington State Senate makes up the legislature of the U.S. state of Washington. It is composed of 98 Representatives from 49 districts, each of which elects one Senator and two members of the House. They are elected to separate positions with the top-two primary system. All members of the House are elected to a two-year term without term limits. The House meets at the State Capitol in Olympia.
Randii Wessen
Randii Ray Wessen (born May 13, 1958) is an American astronautics systems engineer specifically involved in planetary exploration, experimental economist, and writer. Dr. Wessen has been an employee of the California Institute of Technology's Jet Propulsion Laboratory since 1984. He is currently the A-Team Lead Study Architect for JPL's Innovation Foundry. On the side, Wessen works with Dr. David Porter of Chapman University in the field of Experimental Economics, where they are designing a system to help allocate resources for building instruments on robotic deep space planetary spacecraft. This proposed system will build on the success of the Cassini Resource Exchange and be applied to NASA's Outer Planet Flagship Missions.

Experimental economics
Experimental economics is the application of experimental methods to study economic questions. Data collected in experiments are used to estimate effect size, test the validity of economic theories, and illuminate market mechanisms. Economic experiments usually use cash to motivate subjects, in order to mimic real-world incentives. Experiments are used to help understand how and why markets and other exchange systems function as they do. Experimental economics have also expanded to understand institutions and the law (experimental law and economics).

A fundamental aspect of the subject is design of experiments. Experiments may be conducted in the field or in laboratory settings, whether of individual or group behavior.

Variants of the subject outside such formal confines include natural and quasi-natural experiments.
Blues Brothers and Friends: Live from Chicago's House of Blues
Blues Brothers and Friends: Live from Chicago's House of Blues is the eleventh album and fourth live album by The Blues Brothers in 1997. It was recorded at the opening of the House of Blues in Chicago and is the first recording to feature James Belushi, performing under the name "Zee Blues". It is also the first album to feature original keyboardist Paul Shaffer since their earlier live recording Made in America in 1980. A number of prominent guests joined the band on stage, including Joe Walsh, Billy Boy Arnold, Charley Musselwhite, Jeff Baxter and Sam Moore. This is also the first album to feature Tommy "Pipes" McDonnell, who had replaced Larry Thurston as lead vocalist.

House of Blues
House of Blues is an American chain of live music concert halls and restaurants. It was founded by Isaac Tigrett, the co-founder of Hard Rock Cafe, and Dan Aykroyd, co-star of the 1980 film The Blues Brothers. The first location opened at Harvard Square in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on November 26, 1992 (Thanksgiving Day). The chain has been a division of Live Nation Entertainment since July 2006, and there are 11 locations throughout the United States as of 2025.
Cabinet of Enrique Peñaranda
Enrique Peñaranda assumed office as the 38th President of Bolivia on 15 April 1940, and his term was terminated by a coup d'état on 20 December 1943. A general in the Chaco War, Peñaranda was brought forth by the traditional conservative political parties, sidelined since the end of the Chaco War, as their candidate in the 1940 general elections.

Peñaranda formed six cabinets during his under 44-month presidency, constituting the 102nd to 107th national cabinets of Bolivia.

President of Bolivia
The president of Bolivia (Spanish: Presidente de Bolivia), officially known as the president of the Plurinational State of Bolivia (Spanish: Presidente del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia), is head of state and head of government of Bolivia and the captain general of the Armed Forces of Bolivia.

According to the Bolivian Constitution, the president is elected by popular vote to a five-year term and may serve a maximum of two terms. A strict and inviolable two-term limit is enshrined in the Bolivian Constitution. If no candidate wins a majority (defined as either more than 50%, or alternatively at least 40% and at least 10% more than the second-place candidate), the top two candidates advance to a runoff election.

Rodrigo Paz is the 68th and current president of Bolivia, having assumed office on 8 November 2025.
Akihide Tamura
Akihide Tamura (田村 彰英, Tamura Akihide) is a Japanese photographer. He was born in Tokyo on 13 March 1947 as Shigeru Tamura (田村 茂, Tamura Shigeru). He studied at Tokyo College of Photography, graduating first in 1967 and then from a more advanced course two years later.

Tamura's first solo exhibition — under the name Shigeru Tamura (田村 シゲル) — was Yume no hikari (Dream light) in Ginza Nikon Salon in 1969. He became known for his somewhat harsh monochrome depictions of landscapes. In 1974 his works appeared within the "New Japanese Photography" show in the Museum of Modern Art, New York.

Tamura made the stills for several of the late films of Akira Kurosawa, and has published a book of photographs taken on the sets of Kurosawa's films.

Ginza
Ginza (/ˈɡɪnzə/ GHIN-zə; Japanese: 銀座 [ɡindza]) is a district of Chūō, Tokyo, located south of Yaesu and Kyōbashi, west of Tsukiji, east of Yūrakuchō and Uchisaiwaichō, and north of Shinbashi. It is a popular upscale shopping area of Tokyo, with numerous internationally renowned department stores, boutiques, restaurants and coffeehouses located in the vicinity.

Ginza was a part of the old Kyobashi ward of Tokyo City, which, together with Nihonbashi and Kanda, formed the core of Shitamachi, the original downtown center of Edo (Tokyo).
Carmel, Western Australia
Carmel is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Kalamunda.

Prior to 1949 it was a stopping place on the Upper Darling Range railway. The railway siding was originally known as Green's Landing after Perth businessman Levi Green, who had moved into the area in 1844. In 1915, the name Carmel, meaning "park" or "garden of God" in Hebrew, was adopted.

The transmission tower for Network 10 in Perth is located here.

City of Kalamunda
The City of Kalamunda is a local government area in the eastern metropolitan region of the Western Australian capital city of Perth about 25 kilometres (16 mi) east of Perth's central business district. The area covers  324 square kilometres (125 sq mi), much of which is state forest rising into the Darling Scarp to the east. As of 2021, the city had a population of 58,762.
Hans Hansen (Danish painter)
Hans Hansen (22 February 1769 – 11 February 1828) was a Danish painter who specialised in portrait painting.
 He is best known for his portraits of the Mozart family, painted during his second stay in Vienna: Constanze Mozart and a double portrait of her sons, Karl Thomas and Franz Xaver, which are currently on display in Salzburg.

Karl Thomas Mozart
Karl Thomas Mozart (21 September 1784 – 31 October 1858) was the second son and, along with his brother, one of the two surviving children of Wolfgang and Constanze Mozart. The other was Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart.
Vjetrenica Cave
Vjetrenica (Serbian Cyrillic: Вјетреница, pronounced [ʋjɛtrɛ̌nitsa]; lit. 'wind cave'  or 'blowhole') is the largest cave in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the most biodiverse cave in the world. It is part of the Dinaric Alps mountain range, which is known for its karstic and speleological features. The cave is located in the Popovo field in Ravno, East Herzegovina in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Speleogenesis
Speleogenesis is the origin and development of caves, the primary process that determines essential features of the hydrogeology of karst and guides its evolution. It often deals with the development of caves through limestone, usually caused by the presence of water with carbon dioxide dissolved within it, producing carbonic acid which permits the dissociation of the calcium carbonate in the limestone.
924 Gilman Street
The Alternative Music Foundation located at 924 Gilman Street, commonly referred to as 924 Gilman or simply Gilman, is a non-profit, all-ages, collectively organized music club. It is located in the West Berkeley area of Berkeley, California. Gilman is widely regarded as the springboard for the '90s punk revival and is known for its associations with punk bands Green Day, Operation Ivy, Rancid, AFI, and the Offspring, and playwright Miranda July.

924 Gilman remains an active club, hosting over twenty concerts a month, and remains a local hub for community organizing, graffiti, and performance art. According to National Geographic, "It remains the only venue of its kind left in California — a place with no owner, where takings are split evenly between bands and young children can watch their older siblings perform."

Family-friendly
A family-friendly product or service is one that is generally considered by a culture to be suitable for all members of an average family.  Family-friendly restaurants are ones that provide service to families that have young children. Frequently, family-friendly products avoid marketing solely to children and attempt to make the product palatable to adults as well.
SMS Donau (1893)
SMS Donau was a screw corvette of the Austro-Hungarian Navy built in the late 1880s and early 1890s. The only member of her class, she was the final screw corvette built for the Austro-Hungarian fleet.

Officer cadet
Officer cadet is a rank held by military personnel during their training to become commissioned officers.  In the United Kingdom, the rank is also used by personnel of University Service Units such as the University Officers' Training Corps.

The term officer trainee is used interchangeably in some countries.
Irreligion
Irreligion is the absence or rejection of religious beliefs or practices. It encompasses a wide range of viewpoints drawn from various philosophical and intellectual perspectives, including atheism, agnosticism, religious skepticism, rationalism, secularism, and non-religious spirituality. These perspectives can vary, with individuals who identify as irreligious holding diverse beliefs about religion and its role in their lives.

Relatively little scholarly research was published on irreligion until around the year 2010.

Intellectual
An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about the nature of reality, especially the nature of society and proposed solutions for its normative problems. Coming from the world of culture, either as a creator or as a mediator, the intellectual participates in politics, either to defend a concrete proposition or to denounce an injustice, usually by either rejecting, producing or extending an ideology, and by defending a system of values.
Bruce Lee, the Man and the Legend
Bruce Lee, the Man and the Legend (Chinese: 李小龍的生與死, also known as The Legend is Born of Bruce Lee and Year of the Dragon) is a 1973 documentary film directed by Wu Shih, produced by Raymond Chow and Leonard Ho. An co-production, it stars Bruce Lee, the end credits of the documentary include a dedication with a Chinese character inscription, followed by: "Produced by Bruce Lee's follow workers in Golden Harvest (HK) LTD - Concorn Productions LTD". A follow-up/reworking of this documentary was released in 1984 under the title Bruce Lee: The Legend, directed and produced by Leonard Ho.

Leonard Ho
Leonard Ho (1925 – 16 February 1998) was a Hong Kong film producer.

Ho formed Golden Harvest in 1970, with Raymond Chow, after leaving Shaw Brothers. The first film he produced was A Man Called Tiger from 1973. In 1989, he was nominated for a Hong Kong Film Award for best picture for the movie Painted Faces, which was released in 1988. Later productions credits include Armour of God and Rumble in the Bronx. In the end credits of the 2012 movie CZ12, Jackie Chan cited Leonard Ho as his mentor.

Ho was awarded Hong Kong Film Award for Lifetime Achievement in 1999.
Tony Gingras
Antoine Blanc Gingras (October 20, 1875 – April 27, 1937) was a top scoring Canadian amateur ice hockey right winger who was active in the late 1890s and early 1900s. Born at Saint Boniface, Winnipeg, to Métis parents François Gingras and Annie McMurray, he was named for his grandfather, Antoine Blanc Gingras, a well-known fur trader and one of the founders of St. Joseph (now Walhalla), North Dakota.

Gingras played with the Winnipeg Victorias of the Manitoba Hockey Association and won the Stanley Cup twice with the team, in 1901 against the Montreal Shamrocks  and in 1902 against the Toronto Wellingtons. On the Victorias team Gingras formed a successful partnership with center forward Dan Bain.

Gingras died in Winnipeg in 1937.

Manitoba Hockey Association
The Manitoba Hockey Association (MHA) was an early men's senior ice hockey league playing around 1900 in Manitoba, Canada.  The league started as an elite amateur league in 1892, became professional in 1905, had a professional and an amateur league in 1908–09 and only an amateur league from 1909 until 1923.  Two teams from the league won the Stanley Cup, the Winnipeg Victorias and the Kenora Thistles.  Three other teams from the league challenged for the Stanley Cup: Brandon Wheat City, Winnipeg Maple Leafs, and the Winnipeg Rowing Club. Other teams in the league won the Allan Cup: Winnipeg Hockey Club, Winnipeg Falcons, Winnipeg Monarchs and Winnipeg Victorias.

It also was known as the Manitoba Hockey League and Manitoba Professional Hockey League in following years.
Walter Kern (German politician)
Walter Kern (9 February 1954 – 9 November 2025) was a German politician. A member of the Christian Democratic Union, he served in the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia from 2005 to 2010 and again from 2012 to 2017.

Kern died in Lemgo on 9 November 2025, at the age of 71.

Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia
The Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia is the state parliament (Landtag) of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, which convenes in the state capital of Düsseldorf, in the eastern part of the district of Hafen. The parliament is the central legislative body in the political system of North Rhine-Westphalia. In addition to the passage of laws, its most important tasks are the election of the Minister-President of the state and the administration of the government. The current government is a coalition of the CDU and the Greens, supporting the cabinet of Minister-President Hendrik Wüst since June 2022.

The most recent state election took place on 15 May 2022.
Championship Manager 2010
Championship Manager 2010 is a football management simulation video game developed by Beautiful Game Studios and published by Eidos Interactive. It was released for Microsoft Windows on 11 September  2009, making it the second Championship Manager game to be released alongside Football Manager since Championship Manager 2007. The Mac OS X version of the game was shipped from Virtual Programming on 23 November 2009.

Simulation video game
Simulation video games are a diverse super-category of video games, generally designed to closely simulate real world activities. A simulation game attempts to copy various activities from real life in the form of a game for various purposes such as training, analysis, prediction, or entertainment. Usually there are no strictly defined goals in the game, and the player is allowed to control a character or environment freely. Well-known examples are war games, business games, and role play simulation. From three basic types of strategic, planning, and learning exercises: games, simulations, and case studies, a number of hybrids may be considered, including simulation games that are used as case studies. Comparisons of the merits of simulation games versus other teaching techniques have been carried out by many researchers and a number of comprehensive reviews have been published.
Steven Michael Quezada
Steven Michael Quezada (/kəˈsɑːdə/; born February 15, 1963) is an American actor, comedian and politician. He played Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) agent Steven Gomez, the level-headed partner of Hank Schrader, in the AMC series Breaking Bad from 2008 to 2013 and reprised his role in its spin-off, Better Call Saul during season 5. As a touring comedian Quezada has headlined at The Laugh Factory and George Lopez's Punchliner Comedy Club for Carnival Cruise Line, he has a 2022 comedy special on Amazon Prime titled The New Mexican and, in December 2023, he opened Quezada’s Comedy Club and Cantina in Santa Ana Star Casino.

From 2017 to 2025, he served on the Bernalillo County Board of Commissioners.

Carnival Cruise Line
Carnival Cruise Line is an international cruise line with headquarters in Doral, Florida. The company is a subsidiary of Carnival Corporation & plc. Its logo is a funnel shaped like a whale's tail, with a red, white, and blue color scheme. This trademark funnel design is built onto the line's ships. Carnival is ranked first on the list of largest cruise lines based on passengers carried annually.

As of March 2025, Carnival Cruise Line operates a fleet of 29 ships with five new ships set to join between 2027 and 2033.