hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Collier Shale
The Collier Shale is a geologic formation in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas and Oklahoma. Dating from the Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician periods, the Collier Shale is the oldest stratigraphic unit exposed in Arkansas. First described in 1892, this unit was not named until 1909 by Albert Homer Purdue in his study of the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas. Purdue assigned the type locality to the headwaters of Collier Creek in Montgomery County, Arkansas, but did not designate a stratotype. As of 2017, a reference section for this unit has yet to be designated.

Stratigraphic unit
A stratigraphic unit is a volume of rock of identifiable origin and relative age range that is defined by the distinctive and dominant, easily mapped and recognizable petrographic, lithologic or paleontologic features (facies) that characterize it.

Units must be mappable and distinct from one another, but the contact need not be particularly distinct. For instance, a unit may be defined by terms such as "when the sandstone component exceeds 75%".
From Plotzk to Boston
From Plotzk to Boston is an 1899 memoir by author and immigration activist Mary Antin (1881–1949). It chronicles her emigration from her hometown of Polotsk in the Russian Empire (now modern Belarus) to the United States in 1894, focusing primarily on her observations of life in unfamiliar surroundings, the emotional trials endured by her family, and the hardships that accompanied their passage to and eventual settlement in Boston, Massachusetts.  Her first major publication, it laid the groundwork for her later autobiography and most famous work, The Promised Land (1912).

The Promised Land (autobiography)
The Promised Land is the 1912 autobiography of Mary Antin. It tells the story of her early life in what is now Belarus and her immigration to the United States in 1894. The book focuses on her attempts to assimilate into the culture of the United States. It received very positive reviews and sold more than 85,000 copies in the three decades after its release. The book's popularity allowed Antin to begin speaking publicly, a platform that she used to promote acceptance of immigration to the United States. Some Americans hostile to immigration criticized The Promised Land, disagreeing with her claim to count as an American. Some Jewish writers criticized the book for leaning too assimilationist, arguing she did not sufficiently respect her heritage.
Mauricio Álvarez de las Asturias Bohorques, 4th Duke of Gor
Mauricio Álvarez de las Asturias Bohorques y Ponce de León, 4th Duke of Gor (4 November 1864 – 24 February 1930) was a Spanish Duke and fencer. He competed in the individual sabre, foil and Épée events at the 1900 Summer Olympics.

He was the 4th Duke of Gor, a peerage Grandee title in Spain.

Épée
The épée (/ˈɛpeɪ, ˈeɪ-/, French: [epe]; lit. 'sword'), also rendered as epee in English, is the largest and heaviest of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. The modern épée derives from the 19th-century épée de combat, a weapon which itself derives from the French small sword.

As a thrusting weapon, the épée is similar to a foil (contrasted with a sabre, which is designed for slashing). It has a stiffer blade than a foil. It is triangular in cross-section with a V-shaped groove called a fuller. The épée also has a larger bell guard designed to protect the user’s arm. In addition to the larger "bell" guard and blade, the épée weighs more than the foil and sabre which contributes to its reputation of being the slowest form of fencing. The techniques of use differ, as there are no rules regarding priority and a lack of right of way. Thus, immediate counterattacks are a common feature of épée fencing. The entire body is a valid target area.
Mark Viska
Mark Viska (born 29 April 1971) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Adelaide in the Australian Football League (AFL) during the 1990s.

Viska, who was a member of Glenelg's losing 1992 SANFL Grand Final team, joined Adelaide in 1993. He played mostly as a half back and played finals football in his debut season after making his first game mid year. Viska however could only put together 23 more appearances for Adelaide in the following four seasons, two of them in their 1997 premiership winning year. He retired from football after the 2001 SANFL season, having played 143 games for Glenelg.

1992 SANFL Grand Final
The 1992 South Australian National Football League (SANFL) Grand Final saw the Port Adelaide Magpies defeat the Glenelg Tigers by 56 points. The match was played on Saturday 3 October 1992 at Football Park in wet weather in front of a crowd of 42,242.

This was Port Adelaide's 31st SANFL Premiership.  In the 24-year period of 1969–1992, Glenelg had appeared in 14 Grand Finals for only 3 Premiership victories (all over North Adelaide).  Of the 11 Grand Final defeats, 5 were at the hands of Port Adelaide.
Sean-nós dance
Sean-nós dance (/ˈʃæn.noʊs/ SHAN-nohss; Irish: damhsa ar an sean nós [ˈd̪ˠəusˠə ɛɾʲ ə ˈʃan̪ˠ n̪ˠoːsˠ], lit. 'old style dancing') is an older style of traditional solo Irish dance. It is a casual dance form, as opposed to the more formal and competition-oriented form of Irish stepdance.

Sean nós in Irish means 'old style', and is applied to the dance form as well as a style of singing. These now less-common forms of Irish dance and traditional Irish singing have been documented in Irish history and by ethnomusicologists, but are still alive in parts of the Irish music scene.

Traditional Irish singing
Traditional Irish singing is the singing of traditional songs in the native styles such as sean nós. Though some people consider sean nós to particularly refer to singing in the Irish language, the term "traditional singing" is more universally understood to encompass singing in any language, as well as lilting.

Some of the characteristics of traditional Irish songs might be

Solo singing

Unaccompanied

Unamplified

The audience is focused on the singing

In contrast, Irish ballad singing might be thought of as differing in several respects, even if it is also sometimes referred to as traditional.

Ballad singing is almost always accompanied by musical instruments.

It is most often a group activity, not solo singing.

It is performed typically in public areas, the singing is usually amplified, and the performance might be secondary (e.g., as background music in a pub).
Quintuple murder near Dunkirk
The quintuple murder near Dunkirk (French: Quintuple meurtre près de Dunkerque) was a series of murders committed over the course of two hours in Wormhout and Loon-Plage, near Dunkirk, France, on 14 December 2024. The main suspect first shot dead his former employer in Wormhout, then two security guards from a company where he had also been employed in Loon-Plage. Finally, he also shot dead two migrants from Iranian Kurdistan on the side of a road nearby.

The suspect surrendered to the police immediately after the incident. His motives are still unclear, but investigators believe the first three victims were murdered for professional revenge. The motive for the last two victims is still unknown.

The killings raised discussions about anti-immigrant sentiment.

Opposition to immigration
Opposition to immigration is a political position that seeks to restrict or ban legal and illegal immigration. In the modern sense, immigration refers to the entry of people from one state or territory into another state or territory in which they are not citizens. Illegal immigration occurs when people immigrate to a country without having official permission to do so. Opposition to immigration ranges from calls for various immigration reforms, to proposals to completely restrict immigration, to calls for repatriation of existing immigrants.
Jim Douglas (rugby union)
James Alexander Douglas (born 21 February 1939) is an Australian former rugby union international.

Born in Sydney, Douglas attended Yanco Agricultural High School in the Riverina region and learnt his rugby during later studies at Hawkesbury Agricultural College, which he attended on a Rosella scholarship.

Douglas played for Melbourne RUFC after moving south to take up a food processing job. He was a Victorian representative player and made one of his state appearances against the touring All Blacks in 1962.

A speedy winger, Douglas made the Wallabies squad for the 1962 tour of New Zealand, where an injury to three-quarter Bruce Harland early in the trip opened up a Test place. He played on the wing in all three Tests.

1962 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand
The 1962 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand was a series of thirteen matches played by the Wallabies in August and September 1962.

This tour was made two months after the All Blacks had toured Australia. The result of the first test was a draw but the Wallabies were defeated in the other two tests. So the Bledisloe Cup, contested for the first time since 1962 remained with New Zealand.

The tour marked the commencement of the successful "Thornett Era" of Australian Rugby, buoyed by the leadership skills of skipper John Thornett and the outstanding skills of greats of the game like Ken Catchpole, Peter Johnson and Rob Heming. It was the debut tour of Dick Marks and Peter Crittle who would later serve as influential administrators of Australian rugby.
University College, Bristol
University College, Bristol was an educational institution which existed from 1876 to 1909. It was the predecessor institution to the University of Bristol, which gained a royal charter in 1909. During its time the college mainly served the middle classes of Bristol, and catered for young men who had entered a family business and needed a greater understanding of scientific topics.

Lewis Fry
Lewis Fry DL (16 April 1832 – 10 September 1921) was a Quaker, lawyer, philanthropist and a Liberal and later Liberal and Unionist politician who sat in the House of Commons in three spells between 1878 and 1900.
Specialist (rank)
Specialist is a military rank in some countries' armed forces. Two branches of the United States Armed Forces use the rank. It is one of the four junior enlisted ranks in the United States Army, above private (PVT), private (PV2), and private first class and is equivalent in pay grade to corporal; in the United States Space Force, four grades of specialist comprise the four junior enlisted ranks below the rank of sergeant.

Uniformed services pay grades of the United States
Pay grades are used by the eight structurally organized uniformed services of the United States (Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, Space Force, Coast Guard, Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, and NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps), as well as the Maritime Service, to determine wages and benefits based on the corresponding military rank of a member of the services. While different ranks may be used among the eight uniformed services, pay grades are uniform and equivalent between the services and can be used to quickly determine seniority among a group of members from different services. They are also essential when determining a member's entitlements such as basic pay and allowances.
Close Enough for Love (song)
"Close Enough for Love" was the theme song from the 1979 film Agatha starring Dustin Hoffman and Vanessa Redgrave. The song has since become a jazz standard. The singer of the original version that ran to the end credits of the film was Patti Brooks. It was composed by Johnny Mandel with lyrics by Paul Williams.

It was the title song on albums by Peggy Lee in 1979 and Andy Williams in 1986. Other notable recordings of the song are by Tony Bennett, Stan Getz, Monty Alexander, Lena Horne, Shirley Horn, Dianne Reeves and Marian McPartland.

Shirley Horn
Shirley Valerie Horn (May 1, 1934 – October 20, 2005) was an American jazz singer and pianist. She collaborated with many jazz musicians including Miles Davis, Dizzy Gillespie, Toots Thielemans, Ron Carter, Carmen McRae, Wynton Marsalis and others. She was most noted for her ability to accompany herself with nearly incomparable independence and ability on the piano while singing, something described by arranger Johnny Mandel as "like having two heads", and for her rich, lush voice, a smoky contralto, which was described by noted producer and arranger Quincy Jones as "like clothing, as she seduces you with her voice".
Buddy Thunderstruck
Buddy Thunderstruck is an American children's stop motion comedy television series created by Ryan Wiesbrock for Netflix, produced by American Greetings and Stoopid Buddy Stoodios and written by Tom Krajewski. The series stars Brian Atkinson, Ted Raimi, Harry Chaskin and Debi Derryberry. The first season was released on Netflix on March 10, 2017. When promoting the first series Netflix billed it as the 'outrageous, high-octane adventures of Buddy Thunderstruck, a truck-racing dog who brings guts and good times to the town of Greasepit'.

American Greetings
American Greetings Corporation is a privately held American company and is the world's second largest greeting card producer behind Hallmark Cards. Based in Westlake, Ohio, a suburb of Cleveland, the company sells paper greeting cards, electronic greeting cards, gift packaging, stickers and party products. In addition, the company owns the  Carlton Cards, Tender Thoughts,  Papyrus, Recycled Paper Greetings and Gibson Greetings brands.

American Greetings' former toy design and licensing division, initially called Those Characters From Cleveland, subsequently renamed AG Properties and American Greetings Entertainment and now separately owned as Cloudco Entertainment. American Greetings also holds an exclusive license for Nickelodeon characters.
Doreen Shaffer
Monica Johnson, better known by her stage name Doreen Shaffer (sometimes spelled Schaffer or Schaeffer), is a Jamaican ska, rocksteady, and reggae singer. Known as the "Queen of Ska", she was a founding member in 1964 of the Skatalites. Following the death of Skatalites member Lester Sterling on 16 May 2023, Shaffer is now the last surviving founding member of the Skatalites.

Rocksteady
Rocksteady is a music genre that originated in Jamaica around 1966. A successor of ska and a precursor to reggae, rocksteady was the dominant style of music in Jamaica for nearly two years, performed by many of the artists who helped establish reggae, including harmony groups such as the Techniques, the Paragons, the Heptones and the Gaylads; soulful singers such as Alton Ellis, Delroy Wilson, Bob Andy, Ken Boothe and Phyllis Dillon; musicians such as Jackie Mittoo, Lynn Taitt and Tommy McCook. The term rocksteady comes from a popular (slower) dance style which is the subject in the Alton Ellis song "Rocksteady" and matched the new sound. Some rocksteady songs became hits outside Jamaica, as with ska, helping to secure the international base reggae music has today.
Whistle Pass
Whistle Pass (69°47′S 70°25′W﻿ / ﻿69.783°S 70.417°W﻿ / -69.783; -70.417) is a snow pass at about 1,050 m at the head of Sullivan Glacier in north Alexander Island, Antarctica. The pass trends in a NE-SW direction and provides access to and from the upper part of Hampton Glacier. So named by British Antarctic Survey in 1977, because the pass falls away steeply to the southwest between high cliffs, so that the descent by sledge is fast and exhilarating as suggested by the name.

Sullivan Glacier
Sullivan Glacier (69°42′S 70°45′W﻿ / ﻿69.700°S 70.750°W﻿ / -69.700; -70.750) is a glacier flowing west into Gilbert Glacier, immediately south of Elgar Uplands in the north part of Alexander Island, Antarctica. The glacier was first sighted from a distance by the British Graham Land Expedition during a flight in 1937 and roughly mapped. Remapped from air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition in 1947–48, by Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1960. In association with the names of other composers in this area, named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Sir Arthur Sullivan (1842–1900), English composer.
Trichadjinga
Trichadjinga batchianensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Trichadjinga. It was described by Breuning in 1975.

This species has been observed on the Molucca Islands of Indonesia.

Stephan von Breuning (entomologist)
Stephan von Breuning (21 November 1894 – 11 March 1983) was an Austrian entomologist who specialised in the study of beetles (coleopterology), particularly within the Carabus, Calosoma and Ceroglossus (all of them are genera of the Carabidae family, also known as ground beetles) and the longhorn family (Cerambycidae).
Zethphan Smith-Gneist
Zethphan Smith-Gneist (born 2001) is a German actor, best known for his main role as Josh Zimmermann in Druck, the German adaptation of Skam, and as Max, a Juilliard student in the 2022 psychological drama, Tár, written and directed by Todd Field and starring Cate Blanchett.

Skam (TV series)
Skam (stylized as SKAM; Norwegian pronunciation: [skɑm]; English: Shame) is a Norwegian teen drama streaming television series about the daily life of teenagers at the Hartvig Nissen School, a gymnasium in the wealthy borough of Frogner in West End Oslo and Norway's oldest high school for girls. It was produced by NRK P3, which is part of the Norwegian public broadcaster NRK.

Despite no promotion ahead of its 2015 launch, Skam broke viewership records. Its premiere episode is among the most-watched episodes in NRK's history, and by the middle of season two, it was responsible for half of NRK's traffic. With season three, it broke all streaming records in Norway, along with viewership records in neighboring countries Denmark, Finland and Sweden, and attracted an active international fanbase on social media, where fans promoted translations.

The series ended with its fourth season in 2017, reportedly due to high production stress.
Yamaguchi esterification
The Yamaguchi esterification is the chemical reaction of an aliphatic carboxylic acid and 2,4,6-trichlorobenzoyl chloride (TCBC, Yamaguchi reagent) to form a mixed anhydride which, upon reaction with an alcohol in the presence of stoichiometric amount of DMAP, produces the desired ester. It was first reported by Masaru Yamaguchi et al. in 1979.

It is especially useful in the synthesis of macro-lactones and highly functionalised esters.

4-Dimethylaminopyridine
4-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) is a derivative of pyridine with the chemical formula (CH3)2NC5H4N.  This white solid is of interest because it is more basic than pyridine, owing to the resonance stabilisation from the NMe2 substituent.

Because of its basicity, DMAP is a useful nucleophilic catalyst for a variety of reactions such as esterifications with anhydrides, the Baylis-Hillman reaction, hydrosilylations, tritylation, the Steglich rearrangement, Staudinger synthesis of β-lactams and many more. DMAP analogues are used in kinetic resolution experiments of mainly secondary alcohols and Evans auxiliary type amides.
Mangkunegara IV
Prince Mangkunegara IV, 4th Duke of Mangkunegaran (3 March 1811 – 2 September 1881) was the fourth ruler of Mangkunegaran, a principality based in Surakarta, Java, ruling from 1853 to his death in 1881. He was son-in-law of Mangkunegara III. His title before ascending was Prince Adipati Prangwedana III.

Mangkunegaran
The Principality of Mangkunegaran (Indonesian: Kadipaten Mangkunegaran) was a small Javanese princely state located within the region of Surakarta in Indonesia.
It was established in 1757 by Raden Mas Said, when he submitted his army to Pakubuwono III in February, and swore allegiance to the rulers of Surakarta, Yogyakarta, and the Dutch East Indies Company, and was given an appanage of 4000 households.

The Palace of the rulers of Mangkunegaran was established by Raden Mas Said who signed a treaty with the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in 1757. By the treaty, he became the ruler of a part of Eastern Mataram and was henceforth known as Mangkunegara I. Known as Pura Mangkunegaran, the palace is located in the center of the city of Solo.
Bay-Valley Lacrosse Association
The Bay-Valley Lacrosse Association is a high school lacrosse conference with its membership based primarily in the Fox River Valley region of northeastern Wisconsin. Formed in 2024, the conference and all of its member schools are affiliated with the Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association.

Athletic conference
An athletic conference is a collection of sports teams which play competitively against each other in a sports league. In many cases conferences are subdivided into smaller divisions, with the best teams competing at successively higher levels. Conferences often, but not always, include teams from a common geographic region.
Alonso Muñoz de Gadea
Alonso Muñoz de Gadea (1630s-1708) was a Spanish politician, accountant and military officer who served in Buenos Aires during the Viceroyalty of Peru as Alcalde, Procurador and Mayordomo of the Cathedral Mayor of the city.

Mayordomo mayor
The Mayordomo mayor (High Steward) was the Officer of the Royal Household and Heritage of the Crown of Spain in charge of the person and rooms of the King of Spain. The Office of “Mayordomo mayor” was suppressed after the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic in 1931 and never re-created after the restoration of the Monarchy in 1975, but it can be said that it is the historical precedent of the modern Head of the Royal Household of Spain.
William Shareston
William Shareston (died 1621) of Bath, Somerset, was an English politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Bath in 1584, 1586, 1593, 1597, 1601 and 1604. He was Mayor of Bath in 1581–82, 1585, 1585–86, 1590–91, 1593–94, 1599–?1600 and 1607–08.

Bath (UK Parliament constituency)
Bath is a constituency in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, represented since 2017 by Wera Hobhouse of the Liberal Democrats. Its previous representatives have included William Pitt the Elder (Prime Minister 1766–1768) and Chris Patten, the last Governor of Hong Kong (1992–1997).

In the 2023 periodic review of Westminster constituencies, at the 2024 general election the seat was subject to moderate boundary changes which involved the gain of the Bathavon North ward from the former North East Somerset constituency.
The Ultimate Collection (Sade album)
The Ultimate Collection is the second greatest hits album by English band Sade, released on 29 April 2011 by RCA Records. The album includes several singles from the band's career, including "Your Love Is King", "Smooth Operator", "By Your Side", "No Ordinary Love" and "Soldier of Love". It also contains four previously unreleased tracks—a cover of Thin Lizzy's 1974 song "Still in Love with You", a remix of "The Moon and the Sky" featuring Jay-Z, and the songs "I Would Never Have Guessed" and "Love Is Found". The band promoted the album with their first concert tour in 10 years, Sade Live. In March 2014, the album was re-released as The Essential Sade under the Sony Legacy umbrella.

No Ordinary Love
"No Ordinary Love" is a song by English band Sade, released in September 1992 by Epic Records as the lead single and opening track from their fourth studio album, Love Deluxe (1992). The song is written by lead singer Sade Adu and Stuart Matthewman. In the accompanying music video, directed by Sophie Muller, Adu plays a mermaid who wants to be a bride.

The song was commercially successful, reaching the top 10 in Greece and Italy and entering the top 40 in seven other countries. American magazine Rolling Stone included "No Ordinary Love" on their list of the "500 Best Songs of All Time" in 2024.
Mayora
Mayora is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Diego Mayora (born 1992), Peruvian footballer

Enriqueta Mayora (1921–1989), Mexican fencer

Julio Mayora (born 1996), Venezuelan weightlifter

Matthew Mayora (born 1986), Australian footballer

Julio Mayora
Julio Rubén Mayora Pernia (born 2 September 1996) is a Venezuelan weightlifter, Olympian, Pan American Champion and Pan American Games Champion competing in the 69 kg category until 2018 and the 67 kg and 73 kg categories starting in 2018 after the International Weightlifting Federation reorganized the categories.