hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elvin (surname)
Elvin is a surname, as is Elvins. Notable people with these surnames include:

Elvin

Sir Arthur Elvin MBE (1899–1957), British businessman

George Elvin (1907–1984), British trade unionist

Herbert Henry Elvin (1874–1949), British trade unionist

Joe Elvin (1862–1935), English comedian and music hall entertainer

Lionel Elvin (1905–2005), British educationist

Mark Elvin (1938–2023), English and Australian academic

Suryakumari Elvin (1925–2005), Indian singer, actress, and dancer

Violetta Elvin (1923–2021), Russian-British prima ballerina and actress

Elvins

Harold Elvins (1878–1943), Australian pianist

Mark Elvins (1939–2014), Catholic Warden of Greyfriars, Oxford

Rob Elvins (born 1986), English professional footballer

Violetta Elvin
Violetta Elvin (née Prokhorova; 3 November 1923 – 27 May 2021) was a Russian prima ballerina and actress. In 1986, The Times described Elvin as "the only rival ever to give Dame Margot Fonteyn a run for her money".
Turnov
Turnov (Czech pronunciation: [ˈturnof]; German: Turnau) is a town in Semily District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 15,000 inhabitants. It is a traditional centre for gemstone polishing, glass craftsmanship and arts. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.

Turnov lies near the Bohemian Paradise Protected Landscape Area which makes it a place for tourists and summer residents. The town is an important traffic crossroads. Turnov has a large museum, three galleries, six churches and a synagogue. The small old town of Middle Ages urbanism is surrounded by modern garden neighbourhoods and large parks representing an organic connection between urban areas and nature.

Liberec Region
Liberec Region (Czech: Liberecký kraj) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the northernmost part of its historical region of Bohemia. It is named after its capital Liberec. The region shares international borders with Germany and Poland. Domestically the region borders the Ústí nad Labem Region to the west, the Central Bohemian Region to the south and the Hradec Králové Region to the east.
Flehmen response
The flehmen response (/ˈfleɪmən/; from German flehmen 'to bare the upper teeth', and Upper Saxon German flemmen 'to look spiteful'), also called the flehmen position, flehmen reaction, flehmen grimace, flehming, or flehmening, is a behavior in which an animal curls back its upper lip exposing its front teeth, inhales with the nostrils usually closed, and then often holds this position for several seconds. The behavior occurs as a response to relevant external stimuli, typically pheromones, which may have been produced by animals of the same or different species. It may be performed with the neck stretched and the head held high in the air.

Flehmen is performed by a wide range of mammals, including ungulates and felids. The behavior facilitates the transfer of pheromones and other scents into the vomeronasal organ (VNO, or Jacobson's organ) located above the roof of the mouth via a duct which exits just behind the front teeth of the animal.

Estrous cycle
The estrous cycle (from Latin  oestrus 'frenzy', originally from Ancient Greek  οἶστρος (oîstros) 'gadfly') is a set of recurring physiological changes induced by reproductive hormones in females of mammalian subclass Theria. Estrous cycles start after sexual maturity in females and are interrupted by anestrous phases, otherwise known as "rest" phases, or by pregnancies. Typically, estrous cycles repeat until death. These cycles are widely variable in duration and frequency depending on the species. Some animals may display bloody vaginal discharge, often mistaken for menstruation. Many mammals used in commercial agriculture, such as cattle and sheep, may have their estrous cycles artificially controlled with hormonal medications for optimum productivity. The male equivalent, seen primarily in ruminants, is called rut.
Ruslan Nasibulin
Ruslan Rafikovich Nasibulin (Russian: Руслан Рафикович Насибулин, also spelled Rouslan Nassiboulline, born 2 March 1981 in Verkhoturye, Sverdlovsk Oblast) is a Russian fencer, who has won bronze Olympic medal in the team foil competition at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens.

Verkhoturye
Verkhoturye (Russian: Верхоту́рье) is a historical town and the administrative center of Verkhotursky District of Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located in the middle Ural Mountains on the left bank of the Tura River 306 kilometers (190 mi) north of Yekaterinburg. Population: 8,820 (2010 census); 7,815 (2002 Census; 8,973 (1989 Soviet census); 10,900 (1967).
Cycling at the 2004 Summer Paralympics – Women's road race/time trial
The Women's combined road race / time trial cycling event for blind & visually impaired competitors at the 2004 Summer Paralympics was held at Vouliagmeni. It consisted of a road race held on 25 September and a time trial two days later.

Rankings were determined by adding the finishing positions in the two races, if this produced ties the aggregate times were used as tie-breakers. The event was won by Karissa Whitsell and her sighted pilot Katie Compton, representing  United States.

United States at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
The United States sent a delegation to compete at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens, Greece. A total of 235 U.S. competitors took part in 18 sports; the only sport Americans did not compete in was soccer 5-a-side.  The United States finished fourth in the gold and overall medal count, behind China, Great Britain and Canada.
Amélékia
Amélékia is a town in eastern Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Abengourou Department in Indénié-Djuablin Region, Comoé District.

Amélékia was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

The government of the Ivory Coast is trying to merge different municipalities and communes in their attempt to increase urbanization and reduce bureaucracy and costs of administration.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Amélékia was 25,238.

Indénié-Djuablin
Indénié-Djuablin Region is one of the 31 regions of Ivory Coast. Since its establishment in 2011, it has been one of two regions in Comoé District. The region's seat is Abengourou. Other important towns are Agnibilekrou, Bettié and Niablé. The region's area is 6910 km2, and at the 2021 census, it had a population of 716,443.
Asu (film)
Asu (Sinhala: ආසූ, lit. 'Arrived') is a 2021 Sri Lankan Sinhala-language drama film produced, written and directed by Sanjeewa Pushpakumara. The film stars Udari Warnakulasooriya, Shyam Fernando and Dinara Punchihewa in the main lead roles. The film story was inspired based on the tragic death of Indira Jayasuriya who succumbed to the breast cancer in November 2016 at the age of 40. Indira Jayasuriya was the youngest daughter of former parliamentary speaker Karu Jayasuriya.

The film was officially selected for competition at the 2021 Asian World Film Festival which was held in Los Angeles. The film was also officially selected in the Asian Competition's Feature section at the 34th edition of the 2021 Tokyo International Film Festival. The film had its theatrical release in Sri Lanka on 11 October 2023 and opened to positive reviews from critics. The film had its first local premiere at the PVR Cinema Complex at One Galle Face on 11 October 2023.

Karu Jayasuriya
Sri Lankabhimanya Karu Jayasuriya (Sinhala: කරු ජයසුරිය, Tamil: கரு ஜயசூரிய; born 29 September 1940) is a Sri Lankan politician. He was the Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka. Previously he was Mayor of Colombo from 1997 to 1999, Minister of Power and Energy from 2001 to 2004, Minister of Public Administration and Home Affairs from 2007 to 2008, and Minister of Buddha Sasana, Public Administration, and Democratic Governance in 2015. He has served as Chairman of the Leadership Council of the United National Party (UNP), as well as Deputy Leader of the UNP. He is a member of parliament representing the Gampaha District since 2001. He had served as Sri Lanka's Ambassador to (Germany). As Speaker of Parliament, he also acts as Chairman of the Constitutional Council.
Wray Castle
Wray Castle is a Victorian neo-gothic building at Claife in Cumbria within the boundaries of the historic county of Lancashire. The house and grounds have belonged to the National Trust since 1929.
The Castle was open to the public for a dozen years prior to 2024. The Castle is now closed for refurbishment until 2027.

While the castle and its ancillary buildings are protected under the National Heritage List for England, the grounds are not registered as a historic park or garden. The estate lies within the Lake District National Park, itself a UNESCO World Heritage Site, which provides landscape‑level recognition.
The grounds, which include part of the shoreline of Windermere, are open all year round and are renowned for their selection of specimen trees. The planting of conifers (including Wellingtonia) reflects the thinking of the Picturesque movement. There are also examples of Ginkgo biloba, weeping lime and varieties of beech.

Windermere
Windermere (historically Winder Mere) is a ribbon lake in Cumbria, England. It is within the Lake District and is the largest lake in England by length, area, and volume, although considerably smaller than the largest Scottish lochs and Northern Irish loughs.

Windermere is about 11 miles (18 km) in length and 1 mile (1.6 km) at its widest, has a maximum depth of 64 metres (210 ft), and has an elevation of 39 metres (128 ft) above sea level. Its outflow is the River Leven, which drains into Morecambe Bay. For administrative purposes the lake is in the unitary authority area of Westmorland and Furness, and it historically formed part of the boundary between Westmorland and Lancashire.

The lake has been popular with tourists since the Kendal and Windermere Railway's branch line opened in 1847. The Freshwater Biological Association was established on the shore of Windermere in 1929 and much of the early work on lake ecology, freshwater biology and limnology was conducted here.
Moraxella catarrhalis
Moraxella catarrhalis is a fastidious, nonmotile, Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase-positive diplococcus that can cause infections of the respiratory system, middle ear, eye, central nervous system, and joints of humans. It causes the infection of the host cell by sticking to the host cell using trimeric autotransporter adhesins.

Tetracycline
Tetracycline, sold under various brand names, is an antibiotic in the tetracyclines family of medications, used to treat a number of infections, including acne, cholera, brucellosis, plague, malaria, and syphilis. It is available in oral and topical formulations.

Common side effects include vomiting, diarrhea, rash, and loss of appetite. Other side effects include poor tooth development if used by children less than eight years of age, kidney problems, and sunburning easily. Use during pregnancy may harm the baby. It works by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria.

Tetracycline was patented in 1953 and was approved for prescription use in 1954. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Tetracycline is available as a generic medication.  Tetracycline was originally made from bacteria of the genus Streptomyces. The tetracycline name comes from the 4 hydrocarbon rings.
Hypertufa
Hypertufa is an anthropic rock made from various aggregates bonded together using Portland cement.

Hypertufa is intended as a manufactured substitute for natural tufa, which is a slowly precipitated limestone rock; being very porous, it is favorable for plant growth.

Hypertufa is popular for making garden ornaments, pots and land forms. It is relatively light compared with terracotta or traditional concrete and can withstand harsh winters, at least down to −30 °C (−22 °F).

Hypertufa was invented for use in alpine gardens.  Alpine gardeners formerly used antique animal watering troughs, which became rare and expensive.

Precipitation (chemistry)
In an aqueous solution, precipitation is the "sedimentation of a solid material (a precipitate) from a liquid solution". The solid formed is called the precipitate. In case of an inorganic chemical reaction leading to precipitation, the chemical reagent causing the solid to form is called the precipitant.

The liquid remaining above the precipitated or the centrifuged solid phase is also called the supernate or supernatant.
African barred owlet
The African barred owlet (Glaucidium capense) is a species of small owl in the family Strigidae found in much of southern, central and eastern Africa. The taxon may be four species rather than a single species.

Owl
Owls are birds from the order Strigiformes (/ˈstrɪdʒəfɔːrmiːz/), which includes over 200 species of mostly solitary and nocturnal birds of prey typified by an upright stance, a large, broad head, binocular vision, binaural hearing, sharp talons, and feathers adapted for silent flight. Exceptions include the diurnal northern hawk-owl and the gregarious burrowing owl.

Owls are divided into two families: the true (or typical) owl family, Strigidae, and the barn owl and bay owl family, Tytonidae. Owls hunt mostly small mammals, insects, and other birds, although a few species specialize in hunting fish. They are found in all regions of the Earth except the polar ice caps and some remote islands.

A group of owls is called a "parliament".
Svanevatn
Svanevatn (Norwegian)–lit. 'Swan Lake', Čoalbmejávri (Northern Sami), or Salmijärvi (Kven) is a lake on the border between Norway and Russia. The lake is located in Sør-Varanger Municipality in Finnmark county in Norway and the Pechengsky District of Murmansk Oblast in Russia.

Svanevatn has an area of 32.51 square kilometres (12.55 sq mi), a circumference of 66.21 kilometres (41.14 mi) and a height of 22 metres (72 ft).

Sør-Varanger Municipality
Sør-Varanger (Northern Sami: Máttá-Várjjat; Kven: Etelä-Varenki; Russian: Сёр-Вара́нгер, romanized: Syor-Varánger) is a municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Kirkenes. Other settlements in the municipality include the villages of Bjørnevatn, Bugøynes, Elvenes, Grense Jakobselv, Hesseng, Jakobsnes, Neiden, and Sandnes. Located west of the Norway–Russia border, Sør-Varanger is the only Norwegian municipality that shares a land border with Russia, with the only legal border crossing at Storskog.

The 3,971-square-kilometre (1,533 sq mi) municipality is the 6th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Sør-Varanger is the 112th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 10,063. The municipality's population density is 2.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (6.5/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 0.3% over the previous 10-year period.

There is a Dark-sky park in Pasvik.
Washington's 5th legislative district
Washington's 5th legislative district is one of forty-nine districts in Washington state for representation in the state legislature. The district borders Kittitas County on the east, the 31st legislative district on the south, parts of Maple Valley, Renton, and Issaquah on the west, and Snohomish County on the north.

The largely rural district was represented by state senator Victoria Hunt and is represented by state representatives Zach Hall (position 1) and Lisa Callan (position 2), all Democrats.

Maple Valley, Washington
Maple Valley is a city in King County, Washington, United States. The population was 28,013 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 28,553 in 2024. The city functions as a commuter town to Seattle for residents, though there is an increasing amount of commercial activity in the area.
John of Ścinawa
John of Ścinawa (Polish: Jan ścinawski; c. 1298 – by 19 May 1365) was a Duke of Żagań, Ścinawa, etc. during 1309–1317 (with his brothers as co-rulers), Duke of Poznań during 1312–1314 (with his brothers) and sole Duke of Ścinawa after 1317.

He was the fourth son of Henry III (I), Duke of Głogów, by his wife Matilda, daughter of Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg.

Duchy of Poznań
The Duchy of Poznań (Polish: Księstwo poznańskie; Latin: Ducatus Posnaniensis) was a feudal district duchy in Greater Poland, with its territorial and administrative core in the Poznań Land — the region surrounding the city of Poznań. Its capital was Poznań. The duchy was established in 1177, following the partition of the Duchy of Greater Poland after a rebellion against Mieszko III. Duke Odon of the Piast dynasty became its first ruler.

Initially, Poznań remained a fiefdom within the broader Duchy of Poland — a term commonly applied to the fragmented realm, which some sources continue to refer to as the Kingdom of Poland — until 1227, when Poznań gained independence as a duchy. It existed in this form until 1279, when it was united with the duchies of Gniezno and Kalisz under the rule of Przemysł II, forming a reconstituted Duchy of Greater Poland.
Lessing Theater
The Lessing Theater was a theatre in the Mitte district of Berlin, Germany. It opened in 1888 and was destroyed in April 1945 in a bombing raid; its ruins were demolished after World War II.

The construction of the theatre, for around 900,000 Mark, was especially notable since it was the first new theatre built in Berlin since the construction of the Wallner Theater in 1864; in between only renovations of old theatres and existing spaces had taken place. By order of director Oscar Blumenthal, the building, designed in a Renaissance Revival style by the architects Hermann von der Hude and Julius Hennicke, was constructed in less than a year, between October 1887 and September 1888. The theatre opened on 11 September 1888, staging Gotthold Ephraim Lessing's drama Nathan the Wise.

Mitte (locality)
Mitte (German pronunciation: [ˈmɪtə] ⓘ; German for "middle" or "center") is a central section (Ortsteil) of Berlin, Germany, in the eponymous borough (Bezirk) of Mitte. Until 2001, it was itself an autonomous district.

Mitte proper comprises the historic center of Old Berlin, with the  medieval churches of  St. Nicholas and St. Mary, the Museum Island, city buildings (Rotes Rathaus and Altes Stadthaus), the Fernsehturm, and the Brandenburg Gate, along the central boulevard of Unter den Linden. For these reasons, Mitte is considered the "heart" of Berlin.
Cirque stairway
A cirque stairway or sequence of cirque steps is a stepped succession of glacially eroded rock basins. Their individual formation is that of a cirque.

These steps are arranged one above and behind the other at different heights in the terrain and caused by the same morphodynamic processes, albeit resulting in different landform shapes depending on the type of rock and the depositional circumstances involved. The lower step often lacks the steep headwalls typical of cirques.

A well-known example is the Zastler Loch below the summit of the Feldberg, the highest mountain of the Black Forest in Germany.

Black Forest
The Black Forest (German: Schwarzwald [ˈʃvaʁtsvalt] ⓘ) is a large forested mountain range in the state of Baden-Württemberg in southwest Germany, bounded by the Rhine Valley to the west and south and close to the borders with France and Switzerland. It is the source of the Danube and Neckar rivers.

Its highest peak is the Feldberg with an elevation of 1,493 metres (4,898 ft) above sea level. Roughly oblong in shape, with a length of 160 kilometres (100 miles) and breadth of up to 50 km (30 mi), it has an area of about 6,009 km2 (2,320 sq mi).

Historically, the area was known for forestry and the mining of ore deposits, but tourism has now become the primary industry, accounting for around 300,000 jobs. There are several ruined military fortifications dating back to the 17th century.
Euphorbia missurica
Euphorbia missurica, commonly called prairie sandmat, or Missouri spurge, is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae). It is native to North America, where it is found primarily in area of the Great Plains. Its natural habitat is in dry, often calcareous areas, including glades, bluffs, and open woodlands.

Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae (/juːˈfɔːrbiˌeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of the type genus of the family. Most spurges, such as Euphorbia paralias, are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees, such as Hevea brasiliensis. Some, such as Euphorbia canariensis,: 206  are succulent and resemble cacti because of convergent evolution. This family has a cosmopolitan global distribution. The greatest diversity of species is in the tropics; however, the Euphorbiaceae also have many species in nontropical areas of all continents except Antarctica.
Valle Pezzata
Valle Pezzata is a village in the Abruzzo region of central Italy. It is a frazione of the comune of Valle Castellana. The village lies in an area known as Monti della Laga, deep within the Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga National Park.

Gran Sasso and Monti della Laga National Park
The Gran Sasso and Monti della Laga National Park is a natural park in central Italy. Established in 1991, it covers an area of 2,014 square kilometres (778 mi2), mostly within the provinces of Teramo, L'Aquila, and Pescara in Abruzzo, with small areas in the provinces of Rieti in Lazio and Ascoli Piceno in Marche. The terrain is predominantly mountainous with alpine plains.

It is managed by Ente Parco Nazionale Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga, with headquarters in Assergi, L'Aquila.

The Grand Highway of the Gran Sasso and Monti della Laga National Park runs through the park between the Gran Sasso mountain peak and the chain known as Monti della Laga.
Adi M. Sethna
Lieutenant General Adi Meherji Sethna, PVSM, AVSM was an Indian Army General who served as the Vice Chief of Army Staff.

After graduating from The Doon School and Allahabad University he was commissioned into the Indian Army and posted to the 6th Rajputana Rifles on 21 May 1944. He began his military career fighting in Malaya during the Second World War.

He was one of the few Indians to attend both the Royal College of Defence Studies and the Camberly Staff College in England. He was ADC to the second Governor-General of India C. Rajagopalachari as well as Dr. Rajendra Prasad

He also played an active role in the strategy for the Bangladesh campaign and was awarded India's third highest civilian award, the Padma Bhushan. He
guided the Delhi Parsi Anjuman and the Federation of Zoroastrian Anjumans for 20 years. Adi Sethna was also the Founder President of the UNESCO Parsi-Zoroastrian Project (PARZOR). He died of cancer in 2006.

Ati Vishisht Seva Medal
Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM, lit. 'Very Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India given to recognize "distinguished service of an exceptional order" to all ranks of the armed forces. The award is a peacetime equivalent of Uttam Yuddh Seva Medal, which is a Wartime Distinguished Service decoration.

The award can also be granted posthumously. Subsequent awards are represented by a bar worn on the ribbon. The awardee can use "AVSM" as post-nominal letters.
Lambert (cyclecar)
The Lambert was a British 3-wheeled cyclecar made between 1911 and 1912 by Lambert's Carriage, Cycle and Motor Works of Thetford, Norfolk.

The car was powered by an 8 hp JAP engine mounted at the front and driving the single rear wheel by chain via a three-speed gearbox. It was fitted with an open two seater body, usually painted in green and grey vertical stripes. It was sold as "The Smartest Car on Three Wheels" and cost £110.

Transmission (mechanical device)
A transmission (also called a gearbox) is a mechanical device invented by Louis Renault (who founded Renault) which uses a gear set—two or more gears working together—to change the speed, direction of rotation, or torque multiplication or reduction, in a machine.

A transmission can have a single, or fixed, gear ratio or it can have variable ratios; a variable-ratio transmission can have multiple discrete gear ratios or be continuously variable. Variable-ratio transmissions are used in many kinds of machinery, especially vehicles.