hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard Hanson Weightman
Richard Hanson Weightman (December 28, 1816 – August 10, 1861) was an antebellum delegate to the United States Congress from the Territory of New Mexico, serving one term from 1851 to 1853. He was also a district commander of the secessionist Missouri State Guard during the American Civil War, and was killed in action at the Battle of Wilson's Creek in Missouri.

Secession
Secession (from Latin: sēcessiō, lit. 'a withdrawing') is a term and a concept which is used in reference to the formal withdrawal of a group from a political entity.

In international law, secession is understood as a process in which an integral part of a state's territory unilaterally withdraws without the consent of the original state.

The process begins once a group proclaims an act of secession (such as a declaration of independence). A secession attempt might be violent or peaceful, but the goal is the creation of a new state or entity independent of the group or territory from which it seceded. Threats of secession can be a strategy for achieving more limited goals. There is some academic debate about this definition, and in particular how it relates to separatism.
Lynch River
The Lynch River is a 9.8-mile-long (15.8 km) tributary of the North Fork Rivanna River in the U.S. state of Virginia. It is part of the James River watershed.  It rises at the unincorporated community of Mission Home near the boundary of Shenandoah National Park and flows southeast past Shady Grove and Nortonsville to join the Roach River, forming the North Fork of the Rivanna at their confluence.  The Lynch River flows through Greene and Albemarle counties, crossing their boundary several times.

Greene County, Virginia
Greene County is a county in Virginia in the eastern United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 20,552. Its county seat is Stanardsville.

Greene County is part of the Charlottesville, VA Metropolitan Statistical Area.

In recent years, Greene County has become a tourist destination for metropolitan areas to escape to the Shenandoah National Park and Virginia's scenic foothills.
Dental Historian
Dental Historian is the official journal of The Lindsay Society for the History of Dentistry, published twice a year and free to the society's members. It was originally established as the Occasional Newsletter in the 1970s, acquiring its current name in 1985. The journal is included in the Scopus database.

The Lindsay Society for the History of Dentistry
The Lindsay Society is a British dental history organisation open to anyone interested in the subject, including non-dentists. It has close links with the British Dental Association and is dedicated to the study of the history of dentistry.
College of Science and Technology (Bhutan)
The College of Science and Technology is an engineering college under Royal University of Bhutan in Rinchending, Phuntsholing, Bhutan, that offers undergraduate as well as graduate education. The college provides bachelor's degrees in Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Information Technology Engineering, Architecture,Water Resources Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Software Engineering as well as a Master of Engineering in Renewable Energy and Construction management. As of 2011, it was the only institution providing undergraduate education in engineering in Bhutan.

Construction management
Construction management (CM) is a professional service that applies project management techniques to the planning, design, and construction of a project, from its beginning to its completion. The goal of CM is to control a project's scope, time, cost, and quality (sometimes called the project management triangle or "triple constraints") to achieve the owner’s objectives.

Practitioners of construction management are called construction managers. They combine knowledge of building science and business management to coordinate and deliver capital projects such as commercial real estate, transportation infrastructure, and military infrastructure. Professional services firms in North America and Europe increasingly provide CM alongside related specialties such as critical path method (CPM) scheduling, delay analysis, and expert witness testimony for construction disputes.
Thomas E. Reedy
Thomas E. Reedy was an American politician who served as a member of the South Dakota House of Representatives.

Thomas Reedy was born in Mendota, Illinois on July 11, 1868.  In March 1883, he moved to Dakota Territory.  After attending South Dakota State College in Brookings, South Dakota, Reedy raised livestock and farmed.  He was also involved in real estate in Yankton, South Dakota.

From 1906 to 1908, Thomas Reedy served as mayor of Yankton, South Dakota.  For eleven years, he also served as the city assessor.  From 1935 to 1936, Reedy represented Yankton County, South Dakota in the South Dakota House of Representatives.

He died on January 20, 1948.

Brookings, South Dakota
Brookings is a city in and the county seat of Brookings County, South Dakota, United States. It is located 60 miles (97 km) north of the state’s largest city, Sioux Falls. The population was 23,377 at the 2020 census, making it the fourth most populous city in South Dakota, and was estimated to be 24,312 in 2023. It is home to South Dakota State University, the state's largest institution of higher education. Also in Brookings are the South Dakota Art Museum, the Children's Museum of South Dakota, the annual Brookings Summer Arts Festival, and the headquarters of several manufacturing companies and agricultural operations.
Manchenky
Manchenky (Ukrainian and Russian: Манченки) is a rural settlement in Kharkiv Raion of Kharkiv Oblast in Ukraine. It is located approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of the city of Kharkiv. Manchenky belongs to Liubotyn urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 665 (2022 estimate).

Until 26 January 2024, Manchenky was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Manchenky became a rural settlement.

Kharkiv Raion
Kharkiv Raion (Ukrainian: Харківський район) is a raion (district) of Kharkiv Oblast in eastern Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Kharkiv. Population: 1,729,049 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Kharkiv Oblast was reduced to seven, and the area of Kharkiv Raion was significantly expanded. One abolished raion, Derhachi Raion, as well as Liubotyn Municipality, part of Nova Vodolaha Raion, and the city of Kharkiv, which was previously incorporated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion, were merged into Kharkiv Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the population of the former Kharkiv Raion was 176,186 (2020 est.).
Sanderling 18
The Sanderling 18, also called the 18' Sanderling, Marshall Sanderling and just the Sanderling, is an American trailerable sailboat that was designed by Breckenridge Marshall as a daysailer and cruiser and first built in 1962. It is named for the shore bird.

The Sanderling 18 is a development of a 1941 Pop Arnold catboat design.

Day sailer
A daysailer, day sailer,  or dayboat is a small compact sailboat with or without sleeping accommodations but which is larger than a dinghy. Dayboats can be monohull or multihull, and are typically trailer-able.  Many dayboats have a small cabin or "cuddy" for storage and to provide shelter, or for sleeping in, but which is not always large enough to stand erect in.

Dayboats' greater stability also distinguishes them from dinghies and are generally sailed more like a small yacht than a dinghy. For example, although crew weight may well be shifted to increase performance, this is not crucial to stability, as it is in a dinghy. The distinction between keelboats and day sailers is not always clear. Generally a keelboat is a large boat (over 27 feet (8.2m) and usually not trailer-able) used for longer trips, whereas daysailers, as the name implies, are used for trips less than 48 hours, often only a single day.
Stellan Nilsson
Stellan Nilsson (22 May 1922 – 27 May 2003) was a Swedish football player. He played for the Sweden men's national football team at the 1950 FIFA World Cup. He was also part of Sweden's squad for the football tournament at the 1948 Summer Olympics, but he did not play in any matches.

Football at the 1948 Summer Olympics
The football tournament of the 1948 Summer Olympics was won by Sweden. This remains Sweden's only international title at a senior male football level and was the first international appearance of the trio that would later be known as Gre-No-Li dominating the Italian league at A.C. Milan in the 1950s.

It was the first international football tournament ever to be broadcast on television, with the semi-finals, bronze medal play-off and final all being broadcast live in full on the BBC Television Service.
Kamalkishor Kadam
Kamalkishor Kadam is an Indian politician who formerly served as Higher and Technical Minister in the Government of Maharashtra. He belongs to the Nationalist Congress Party from Nanded, Maharashtra.

He is chairman and trustee of the Mahatma Gandhi Mission Trust that runs various colleges in Maharashtra and Noida, Uttar Pradesh.

In 2004, the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) issued a report wherein Kadam was enlisted among various other politicians of Indian National Congress and Nationalist Congress Party for irregularities in the purchase of land plots from CIDCO.

On 24 February 2023, Maharashtra Governor and Chancellor of state universities, Ramesh Bais conferred Honorary D.Litt. on Kamal Kishor Kadam during 25th Annual Convocation of the Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded through online mode.

Ramesh Bais
Ramesh Bais (born 2 August 1947) is an Indian politician who served as the 23rd Governor of Maharashtra from 2023 to 2024. A senior leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party, Bais has held a positions including, Governor of Jharkhand and Tripura, and served as a Union Minister in the government of Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. He was a seven-term member of the Lok Sabha, representing the Raipur constituency.
Aakhri Daao
Aakhri Daao (transl. Final Trick) is a 1975 Indian Hindi-language crime film, directed by A. Salaam, written by Salim–Javed, and produced by M.M. Malhotra Kala Bharathi. It stars Jeetendra, Saira Banu in lead roles, with Danny Denzongpa, Padma Khanna, Ranjeet in supporting roles and music composed by Laxmikant–Pyarelal. The film is based on Bhagwati Charan Verma's 1950 novel of the same name.

Laxmikant–Pyarelal
Laxmikant–Pyarelal (also known as L-P) were an Indian composer duo, consisting of Laxmikant Shantaram Kudalkar (1937–1998) and Pyarelal Ramprasad Sharma (born 1940). In their career span, stretching from 1963 to 1998, they composed music for about 750 movies, working with several prominent film-makers.
Bernard II, Count of Laon
Bernard II, Count of Laon (c. 845 – before 893) was a Frankish noble and a member of the Herbertien dynasty, a branch of the Carolingian dynasty. He was a descendant of Pepin of Italy and Charlemagne.

He was the first son of Pepin, first count of Vermandois, lord of Senlis, Péronne, and Saint Quentin. In 877/878 he was appointed Count of Laon by Charles the Bald. sometime he went to Parma in Italy.

Bernard II's wife is unknown.

Péronne, Somme
Péronne (French pronunciation: [peʁɔn]) is a commune of the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. It is the former site of the Péronne monastery, founded by the Anglo-Saxon St Erkenwald. Its site became the resting place for St. Fursa, celebrated by the famous English historian Bede. The monastery was popular with Irish monks, among them Cellanus, whose letters to Aldhelm the Bishop of Sherborne survive. So renowned was Péronne for Irish monks that the monastery became known as Perrona Scottorum. The monastery was destroyed in a Viking raid in 880. It is close to where the 1916, first 1918 and second 1918 Battles of the Somme took place during the First World War. The Museum of the Great War (known in French as the Historial de la Grande Guerre) is located in the château.
Rushy Meadows
Rushy Meadows is an 8.9-hectare (22-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest on the western outskirts of Kidlington in Oxfordshire.

This site consists of unimproved alluvial grasslands on the bank of the Oxford Canal. The species-rich sward is dominated by hard rush, and other plants include  water avens, which is very uncommon in the Thames Basin, pepper saxifrage, devil's bit scabious, early marsh orchid and distant sedge.

The site is private land with no public access.

Juncus inflexus
Juncus inflexus, the hard rush, is a species of flowering plant in the family  Juncaceae, native to Europe, Asia and Africa, and introduced in Sri Lanka, Java, Île Amsterdam and Île Saint-Paul, Victoria in Australia, New Zealand, Uruguay, and eastern North America. It is a glycophyte (non-halophyte).
Pinto Dam
Pinto Dam is a dam in Grant County, Washington.

The dam was a project of the United States Bureau of Reclamation, completed from 1946 through 1948 as one element of the vast Columbia Basin Project for irrigation water storage, flood control, and hydroelectric power generation.  Pinto Dam is an earthen structure, 130 feet high and 1900 feet long at its crest, that provides offstream storage of water.

The six-mile-long crescent-shaped reservoir it creates, Billy Clapp Lake, was originally called Long Lake Reservoir, but was renamed for one of the sponsors of the project, a lawyer from Ephrata, Washington.  The lake offers year-round fishing for yellow perch, crappie, rainbow trout, and walleye. The Stratford Wildlife Recreation Area borders Billy Clapp Lake on its eastern shore and hosts migrating waterfowl.  Another sizable lake, Brook Lake, also stands below the dam.

Grant County, Washington
Grant County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, the population was 99,123. The county seat is Ephrata, and the largest city is Moses Lake. The county was formed out of Douglas County in February 1909 and is named for U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant.

Grant County comprises the Moses Lake, WA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also part of the Moses Lake-Othello, WA Combined Statistical Area.
Gladys Tamez
Gladys Tamez (born in McAllen, Texas) is a Mexican-American haute couture milliner or hat designer. She founded her eponymously named Gladys Tamez Millinery or "GTM" in Los Angeles in 2012. Tamez is listed in Forbes magazine in 2015 as one of the most creative Mexicans in the world. Her sculptural hats have graced the covers of Assouline, and she is a member of the Council of Fashion Designers of America.

Assouline Publishing
Assouline Publishing is a book publisher and luxury lifestyle company founded in 1994 by Prosper and Martine Assouline. It has published more than 1,700 titles on subjects including architecture, art, design, fashion, gastronomy, lifestyle, photography, and travel. Beginning in the 2010s the company has branched out to designing, producing, and selling furniture, accessories, and luxury gifts, and to creating bespoke furnished and accessorized libraries for individuals and hotels.
2008 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii
The 2008 congressional elections in Hawaii were held on November 4, 2008 to determine who was to represent the state of Hawaii in the United States House of Representatives for the 111th Congress from January 3, 2009, until their terms of office expire on January 3, 2011. Incumbent Neil Abercrombie (D) was reelected in Hawaii's 1st congressional district. Incumbent Mazie Hirono (D) was reelected in Hawaii's 2nd congressional district.

Hawaii has two seats in the House, apportioned according to the 2000 United States census. Representatives are elected for two-year terms. The election coincided with the 2008 U.S. presidential election.

Hawaii's 1st congressional district
Hawaii's 1st congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Hawaii. The district is entirely on the island of Oahu, encompassing the urban areas of the City and County of Honolulu, a consolidated city-county that includes Oahu's central plains and southern shores, including the towns of Aiea, Mililani, Pearl City, Waipahu, and Waimalu. The district is smaller and more densely populated than the 2nd congressional district (which comprises the rest of the state). It is represented by Democrat Ed Case.
Rob Dopson
Robert James Dopson (born August 21, 1967) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played 2 games in the National Hockey League for the Pittsburgh Penguins during the 1993–94 season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1990 to 2004, was spent in the minor leagues and then in the Japan Ice Hockey League.

Japan Ice Hockey League
The Japan Ice Hockey League (JIHL) (日本アイスホッケーリーグ) was an annual ice hockey league that began in 1966 and ended in 2004 when it was replaced by Asia League Ice Hockey. Only Japanese teams competed in the JIHL.

Baseball and football have been the dominant Japanese sports for decades, but ice hockey in Japan started in the 1920s.

Teams have been competing in the All Japan Championships since 1930, making the tournament one of the oldest sporting competitions in the country.

Professional hockey arrived in 1966 with the Japan Ice Hockey League. Originally a five-team league, the JIHL expanded to six teams in 1974 and stayed that way until tough economic times led to budget cutbacks and eventually the demise of the league in 2004.

Organizers decided the sport could only prosper in Asia if teams in Japan, China and South Korea formed a multinational league, and in 2004 the 38-year-old JIHL was abandoned in favor of Asia League Ice Hockey.
Michaëlle Jean Foundation
The Michaëlle Jean Foundation is a non-profit organization established by former Governor General of Canada Michaëlle Jean upon her retirement from that position in 2010. Its aim is to collaborate with other Canadian organizations across Canada to work with disadvantaged youth and effect change in their communities through the arts. The co-presidents of the foundation are Michaëlle Jean and her husband Jean-Daniel Lafond who also is CEO.

The foundation was established with a contribution of $3 million as by the Canadian Crown-in-Council as a legacy gift and is further funded by private donations, with up to $7 million in matching funds to be provided by the federal Department of Canadian Heritage.

Matching funds
Matching funds are funds that are set to be paid in proportion to funds available from other sources.  Matching fund payments usually arise in situations of charity or public good. The terms cost sharing, in-kind, and matching can be used interchangeably but refer to different types of donations.
Cerebroside
Cerebrosides (monoglycosylceramides) are a group of glycosphingolipids which are important components of animal muscle and nerve cell membranes.

They consist of a ceramide with a single sugar residue at the 1-hydroxyl moiety. The sugar residue can be either glucose or galactose; the two major types are therefore called glucocerebrosides (a.k.a. glucosylceramides) and galactocerebrosides (a.k.a. galactosylceramides). Galactocerebrosides are typically found in neural tissue, while glucocerebrosides are found in other tissues.

Galactose
Galactose (/ɡəˈlæktoʊs/, galacto- + -ose,  sometimes abbreviated Gal), is a common monosaccharide, i.e. a simple sugar.  It is classified as a reducing hexose, more specifically an aldohexose.  In terms of structure, it is a C-4 epimer of glucose. A white, water-soluble solid, it is about 80‍–‍90% as sweet as glucose and about 65% as sweet as sucrose.
Niobrara ambersnail
Oxyloma haydeni haydeni, common name the Niobrara ambersnail, is a subspecies of small, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Succineidae, the amber snails.

The Kanab ambersnail is often regarded as a subspecies of this species. As with other species of ambersnail, it is distinguished by slight differences in shell morphology.

Exoskeleton
An exoskeleton (from Ancient Greek  έξω (éxō) 'outer' and  σκελετός (skeletós) 'skeleton') is a skeleton that is on the exterior of an animal in the form of hardened integument, which both supports the body's shape and protects the internal organs, in contrast to an internal endoskeleton (e.g. that of a human) which is enclosed underneath other soft tissues. Some large, hard and non-flexible protective exoskeletons are known as shell or armour.

Examples of exoskeletons in animals include the cuticle skeletons shared by arthropods (insects, chelicerates, myriapods and crustaceans) and tardigrades, as well as the skeletal cups formed by hardened secretion of stony corals, the test/tunic of sea squirts and sea urchins, and the prominent mollusc shell shared by snails, clams, tusk shells, chitons and nautilus. Some vertebrate animals, such as the turtle, have both an endoskeleton and a protective exoskeleton.
Troja (Prague)
Troja became part of Prague in 1922. Now it is part of the district of Prague 7 and its own cadastral area.

Troja is the site of Troja Palace, Prague Zoo and the Botanical Garden of Prague.

In Troja are also vineyards (vineyards vinice svaté Kláry and Salabka).

Due to its premium location, Troja has long been an attractive Prague district for many successful Czechs from business, sports or arts, among them  Michael Kocáb, Dana Zátopková, Emil Zátopek, Bohdan Ulihrach or Věra Chytilová.

Věra Chytilová
Věra Chytilová (Czech: [ˈvjɛra ˈxɪcɪlovaː]; 2 February 1929 – 12 March 2014) was an avant-garde Czech film director and pioneer of Czech cinema. Banned by the Czechoslovak government in the 1960s, she is best known for her Czech New Wave 1966 film Sedmikrásky (Daisies). Her subsequent films screened at international film festivals, including Vlčí bouda (1987), which screened at the 37th Berlin International Film Festival, A Hoof Here, a Hoof There (1989), which screened at the 16th Moscow International Film Festival, and The Inheritance or Fuckoffguysgoodday (1992), which screened at the 18th Moscow International Film Festival. For her work, she received the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, Medal of Merit and the Czech Lion award.
1954 12 Hours of Sebring
The 1954 12 Hours of Sebring (officially the Florida International 12-Hour Grand Prix of Endurance ) was a motor race for sports cars, staged on 7 March 1954 at the Sebring International Raceway, Florida, United States. It was the second race of the 1954 World Sportscar Championship and was the fourth 12 Hours of Sebring. The race was won by Bill Lloyd and Stirling Moss driving an Osca MT4 1450.

Sebring International Raceway
Sebring International Raceway is a road course auto racing facility in the southeastern United States, located near Sebring, Florida.

Sebring Raceway is one of the oldest continuously operating race tracks in the U.S., its first race being run in 1950. Sebring is one of the classic race tracks in North American sports car racing, and plays host to the 12 Hours of Sebring.

The raceway occupies a portion of Sebring Regional Airport (an active airport for private and commercial traffic that was originally built as Hendricks Army Airfield, which was a World War II training base for the United States Army Air Forces).