hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marlborough gems
The Marlborough gems were a large collection of jewels (cameos and intaglios) assembled by several Dukes of Marlborough. The collection was composed of more than 730 carved gemstones, including garnets, sapphires, emeralds and many cameos. The most famous cameo, and the Duke's favourite, was 'The Marriage of Cupid and Psyche'. A comprehensive catalogue was published in 1870 by Nevil Story Maskelyne. He made impressions and electrotypes, now in the Beazley Archive in Oxford, which have been published.

The Marlborough gems were sold by John Spencer-Churchill, 7th Duke of Marlborough at auction in 1875 to raise money for the maintenance of Blenheim Palace, the ancestral home.

John Spencer-Churchill, 7th Duke of Marlborough
John Winston Spencer-Churchill, 7th Duke of Marlborough (2 June 1822 – 4 July 1883), styled Earl of Sunderland from 1822 to 1840 and Marquess of Blandford from 1840 to 1857, was a British Conservative cabinet minister, politician, peer, and nobleman. He was the paternal grandfather of Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill.
Archibald McNeill
Archibald McNeill (died 1838) was a Congressional Representative from North Carolina; born in Cumberland County, North Carolina; represented Moore County, North Carolina in the State House of Commons in 1808 and 1809 and in the State Senate in 1811 and 1815; elected to the Seventeenth Congress (March 4, 1821 – March 3, 1823); elected to the Nineteenth Congress (March 4, 1825 – March 3, 1827); moved to Marshall County, Mississippi, in 1835 or 1836, where he died in 1838.

The above information corrects the entries on Archibald McNeill found in the U.S. Congress Biographical Directory and the NCpedia website (see external links below).

Moore County, North Carolina
Moore County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 99,727. Its county seat is Carthage and its largest community Pinehurst. It is a border county between the Piedmont and the Atlantic Coastal Plain.

In the early years, the economy was dependent on agriculture and lumber. The lumber business expanded after railroads reached the area, improving access to markets. It lies at the northern edge of the area known as the Sandhills region, and developed resorts in the late 19th century, aided by railroads.

Since the early 21st century, Moore County comprises the Pinehurst-Southern Pines, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area. Moore County is a part of the Fayetteville-Lumberton-Pinehurst, NC Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 693,299 in 2023, making it the 75th-largest CSA in the United States.
Château Siran
45°01′18″N 0°38′04″W﻿ / ﻿45.02174°N 0.63458°W﻿ / 45.02174; -0.63458

Château Siran is a winery in the Margaux appellation of the Bordeaux region of France. The wine produced here was classified as one of 9 Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnels as of the 2003 listing.  The Chateau owns 88 hectares (217 acres) including 40 (99 acres) of vines planted with Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Petit Verdot, and Cabernet Franc. A second wine is produced under the label S de Siran. The average vines are 31 years old and once fermentation is complete the wines are transferred into oak barrels (35% new oak) for 12–14 months of aging. The grand vin averages 75,000 to 90,000 bottles per annum.

Winery
A winery is a building or property that produces wine, or a business involved in the cultivation and production of wine, such as a wine company. Some wine companies own many wineries. Besides wine making equipment, larger wineries may also feature warehouses, bottling lines, laboratories, and large expanses of tanks known as tank farms. Wineries may have existed as long as 8,000 years ago.
Stein A. Evensen
Stein Arne Evensen (born 25 October 1942) is a Norwegian hematologist.

He was born in Oslo as a son of a physician. He finished his secondary education in 1961 and the cand.med. degree in 1968, before taking the dr.med. degree in 1972. He spent his entire career at Rikshospitalet from 1973 to 2012, in addition to being professor of medicine at the University of Oslo.

From 1998 to 2006 he served as dean of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo. He ran for election as rector of the University of Oslo in 2005. Evensen has also been a board member of Rikshospitalet, Akershus University Hospital and the Norwegian Radium Hospital. He was also inducted into the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. In March 2017 he was decorated as a Commander of the Order of St. Olav.

In 2018 he was elected as chairman of the Nasjonalforeningen for folkehelsen.

Akershus University Hospital
Akershus University Hospital (Norwegian: Akershus universitetssykehus, abbreviated Ahus) is a Norwegian public university hospital in the Greater Oslo Region. It is located in the Lørenskog municipality in Akershus county, northeast of the Norwegian capital Oslo. It is a teaching hospital and one of two university hospitals affiliated with the University of Oslo, alongside the larger Oslo University Hospital. The hospital has around 10,000 employees and a capacity of around 950 beds. In 2018, there were approximately 2,600 health, medical, and nursing students in placements or internships within the hospital.
Renee Tajima-Peña
Renee Tajima-Peña is an American filmmaker whose work focuses on immigrant communities, race, gender and social justice. Her directing and producing credits include the documentaries Who Killed Vincent Chin?, No Más Bebés, My America...or Honk if You Love Buddha, Calavera Highway, Skate Manzanar, Labor Women and the 5-part docuseries Asian Americans.

No más bebés
No Más Bebés (transl. No More Babies) is an American documentary film that tells the story of immigrant women who were sterilized upon going into labor. Having been sterilized without knowing at the Los Angeles County-USC Medical Center, the mothers sued county doctors, the State of California, and the United States government. Having collected hospital records from a whistleblower, Chicana lawyer Antonia Hernandez led the lawsuit against powerful institutions.
Pamela Munn
Pamela Munn OBE is an academic researcher and former Dean of the University of Edinburgh Moray House School of Education. She was awarded an OBE for services to education in Scotland in 2005. She is a former president of the British Educational Research Association (BERA) and is a member of the Academy of Social Sciences.

Munn was a member of national committees and policy reviews, including the Reference Group for the Donaldson Review of Teacher Education in Scotland 2010, the committee on Education for Citizenship in Scotland,  the Curriculum Review Group, which established the principles underpinning Curriculum for Excellence and the Review of Initial Teacher Education. Munn retired from University of Edinburgh in 2010. She continues to contribute to national debates and policy making about the state of education in Scotland.

British Educational Research Association
The British Educational Research Association (BERA) is a membership association and learned society committed to advancing research quality, building research capacity and fostering research engagement. BERA's aim is to inform the development of policy and practice by promoting the best quality evidence produced by educational research.
ATILGAN PMSS
The ATILGAN Pedestal Mounted Air Defense System, designated ATILGAN PMAD is a Turkish self-propelled surface-to-air missile system which provides mobile, short-range air defense protection for ground units against cruise missiles, unmanned aerial vehicles, low-flying fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters. and for every short range air defense.

The ATILGAN was originally developed for the Turkish Armed Forces and is currently used by the Turkish Land Forces. The ATILGAN system was also used by the Turkish Naval Forces.

Fixed-wing aircraft
A fixed-wing aircraft is a heavier-than-air aircraft, such as an airplane, which is capable of flight using aerodynamic lift. Fixed-wing aircraft are distinct from rotary-wing aircraft (in which a rotor mounted on a spinning shaft generates lift), and ornithopters (in which the wings oscillate to generate lift). The wings of a fixed-wing aircraft are not necessarily rigid; kites, hang gliders, variable-sweep wing aircraft, and airplanes that use wing morphing are all classified as fixed wing.

Gliding fixed-wing aircraft, including free-flying gliders and tethered kites, can use moving air to gain altitude. Powered fixed-wing aircraft (airplanes) that gain forward thrust from an engine include powered paragliders, powered hang gliders and ground effect vehicles. Most fixed-wing aircraft are operated by a pilot, but some are unmanned or controlled remotely or are completely autonomous (no remote pilot).
An Infinite Summer
An Infinite Summer is the second collection of science fiction short stories by British writer Christopher Priest and the first of his books to collect stories set in the Dream Archipelago. The stories had all previously been published in various anthologies and magazines; they may be described, somewhat interchangeably, as science fiction, fantasy literature, metafiction and macabre.

Macabre
In art, the term macabre (US: /məˈkɑːb/ or UK: /məˈkɑːbrə/; French: [makabʁ]) means "having the quality of having a grim or ghastly atmosphere".

The macabre emphasises the details and symbols of death.
Patricia Maria Vanzella
Patricia M. Vanzella is a Brazilian pianist, professor of music, and researcher specializing in the Cognitive Neuroscience of Music. She currently serves as the president of the Brazilian Association of Cognition and Musical Arts (ABCM) for the 2023–2026 term and is a faculty member of the Center for Mathematics, Computing, and Cognition at the Federal University of ABC (UFABC) in São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil.

Neuroscience of music
The neuroscience of music is the scientific study of brain-based mechanisms involved in the cognitive processes underlying music. These behaviours include music listening, performing, composing, reading, writing, and other related activities. It also is increasingly concerned with the brain basis for musical aesthetics and musical emotion. Scientists working in this field may have training in cognitive neuroscience, neurology, neuroanatomy, psychology, music theory, computer science, and other relevant fields.

The cognitive neuroscience of music represents a significant branch of music psychology, and is distinguished from related fields such as cognitive musicology in its reliance on direct observations of the brain and use of brain imaging techniques like functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET).
Saint Gobnait (Clarke)
The Saint Gobnait stained glass window was designed in 1915 and installed in 1916 in the Honan Chapel, Cork by the Irish artist Harry Clarke. It is one of eleven windows he designed for the chapel at the beginning of his career. The commission, and this window in particular, sealed his reputation as an artist of international renown.

Gobnait is shown in half profile, wearing an elaborate royal blue robe, a silver cloak and an extensive veil. The borders of the central glass panel are lined with blue and magenta coloured beads. The background of the window contains honeycomb-shaped lozenges.

Cloak
A cloak is a type of loose garment worn over clothing, mostly but not always, as outerwear for outdoor wear, which serves the same purpose as an overcoat and protects the wearer from the weather. It may form part of a uniform. People in many different societies may wear cloaks. Over time, cloak designs have changed to match fashion and available textiles.

Cloaks generally fasten at the neck or over the shoulder, and vary in length from the hip to the ankle, with mid-calf being the normal length. They may have an attached hood and may cover and fasten down the front, in which case they have holes or slits for the hands to pass through. However, cloaks are almost always sleeveless.

Christian clerics may wear a cappa or a cope – forms of cloak – as liturgical vestments or as part of a religious habit.
Fetron
The Fetron was a range of solid-state, plug-compatible replacements for vacuum tubes (valves).

Fetrons were manufactured by Teledyne Semiconductor from 1967; primarily as a low-maintenance and low-power swap-in to replace vacuum tubes, which were becoming increasingly obsolete and difficult to source with the widespread use of solid-state electronics. They were used in large numbers in telephone exchanges. Vacuum tubes use significant amounts of power to maintain operating temperature, and large installations had substantial air-conditioning requirements; replacing them with fetrons was expected to reduce cooling and maintenance costs.

A typical fetron consisted of a cascode configured pair of JFETs, some simple RC networks to control the device characteristics, and a fuse. The device was mounted in a metal tube with a base that has the same pin-out as the vacuum tube that it replaced.

Solid-state electronics
Solid-state electronics are semiconductor electronics: electronic equipment that use semiconductor devices such as transistors, diodes and integrated circuits (ICs).  The term is also used as an adjective for devices in which semiconductor electronics that have no moving parts replace devices with moving parts, such as the solid-state relay, in which transistor switches are used in place of a moving-arm electromechanical relay, or the solid-state drive (SSD), a type of semiconductor memory used in computers to replace hard disk drives, which store data on rotating disks.
Hilal Öztürk
Hilal Öztürk (born 21 February 2002) is a Turkish judoka. She won a bronze medal at the  2022 Judo Grand Slam Baku.

Öztürk won a bronze medal at the 2021 European U23 Judo Championships in Budapest and a silver medal at the 2022 World Judo Juniors Championships in Guayaquil.

2021 European U23 Judo Championships
The 2021 European U23 Judo Championships were an edition of the European U23 Judo Championships, organised by the European Judo Union. It was held in Budapest, Hungary from 5–7 November 2021. The final day of competition featured the inaugural U23 European Championships mixed team event, won by ream Georgia.
Donald McKay (clipper)
Donald McKay was an  extreme clipper designed by Donald McKay, his last. Built for James Baines & Co., she sailed on the Black Ball Line of Liverpool from 1855 to 1868, carrying passengers and mail between England and Australia.

Donald McKay achieved several notable voyages during her active years. One of her most significant accomplishments was setting a record for the fastest voyage from Liverpool, England, to Melbourne, Australia, completing the journey in just 63 days.

Unfortunately, like many other clipper ships, her commercial success was relatively short-lived. The advent of steam-powered ships and changes in maritime transportation gradually rendered all sailing vessels less economically viable, especially the fast but limited hull displacement clippers.

Donald McKay ended her days as a coal hulk in Portugal. Her figurehead is located at the Mystic Seaport Museum in Mystic, Connecticut, USA.

Hulk (ship type)
A hulk is a ship that is afloat, but incapable of going to sea. 'Hulk' may be used to describe a ship that has been launched but not completed, an abandoned wreck or shell, or a ship whose propulsion system is no longer maintained or has been removed altogether. The word hulk also may be used as a verb: a ship is "hulked" to convert it to a hulk. The verb was also applied to crews of Royal Navy ships in dock, who were sent to the receiving ship for accommodation, or "hulked". Hulks have a variety of uses such as housing, prisons, salvage pontoons, gambling sites, naval training, or cargo storage.

In the age of sail, many hulls served longer as hulks than they did as functional ships. Wooden ships were often hulked when the hull structure became too old and weak to withstand the stresses of sailing.

More recently, ships have been hulked when they become obsolete or when they become uneconomical to operate.
Aleksej Aleksandrov
Aleksej Gennadyevich Aleksandrov (born 11 May 1973) is a Belarusian chess player. He was awarded the title Grandmaster by FIDE in 1997. Aleksandrov is a five-time Belarusian champion and played on the Belarusian national team at the Chess Olympiad, the World Team Chess Championship and the European Team Chess Championship. He competed in the FIDE World Championship in 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2004, and in the FIDE World Cup in 2017.

World Team Chess Championship
The World Team Chess Championship is an international team chess event, eligible for the participation of 10 countries whose chess federations dominate their continent. It is played every two years. In chess, this tournament and the Chess Olympiads are the most important international tournaments for teams.

The strongest national teams in the world participate, and also some teams represent an entire continent. A full round is played by the teams, meaning that each team plays against every other team. At the first tournament, in 1985, teams consisted of six players; since then, teams have been reduced to four players. Reserve players are permitted.

From 1985, the championship was held every four years; since 2011, it has been held every two years. Since 2007, there has been a separate championship for women teams, which is also held every two years.
Since 2007, the final scores depend on the team results; before 2007, the individual scores determined the final ranking.
Upplands Väsby Municipality
Upplands Väsby Municipality (Swedish: Upplands Väsby kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden, with a population of 38,963 (2010). Its seat is located in the town of Upplands Väsby.

The municipality was created in connection with the municipal reform of 1952, when the rural municipalities Ed, Fresta and Hammarby were amalgamated. It got its name from a settlement which had evolved around the railway station.

The name Väsby can be attested (as Vesby) from the 13th century. The prefix "Upplands" came to be used by the post station in 1919 as a means of separating it from other Väsbys in the country. The municipality was then named "Upplands-Väsby" for a time, but the dash was removed on 19 September 2002.

Municipalities of Sweden
The municipalities of Sweden (Swedish: Sveriges kommuner) are its generally smaller but co-equal local government entities. There are 290 municipalities which are responsible for a large proportion of local services, including schools, emergency services and physical planning.
Ternström
Ternström is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Irvin Ternström (1909–1975), Swedish sprinter

Josef Ternström (1888–1953), Swedish runner

Olov Ternström (1927–2001), Swedish diplomat

Solveig Ternström (born 1937), Swedish actress and politician

Josef Ternström
Carl Josef Ternström (4 December 1888 – 2 May 1953) was a Swedish runner. He competed at the 1912 Summer Olympics in cross country events and won a team gold medal, finishing fifth individually. The course was rather hilly and approximately 12 km long; it was not made known to competitors before the race.
South African cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2006
The South Africa national cricket team toured Sri Lanka for cricket matches in the 2006 cricket season. South Africa played two Test matches against Sri Lanka, one warm-up first class game over three days against Sri Lanka A, and at least four One Day Internationals as part of a triangular series. Sri Lanka took the Test series 2–0 after winning the final Test by one wicket, their second successive home Test series win against South Africa after their win in 2004.

International cricket in 2006
International cricket played in the 2006 cricket season is defined as matches scheduled between May and August 2006 in all cricketing countries, as well as all international matches scheduled for the 2006 English cricket season. Matches between January and April are defined as belonging to the 2005–06 season, while matches between September and December are defined as the 2006–07 season. The main matches in this period were played in England, as this was in the middle of the English cricket season, but the third edition of the ICC Intercontinental Cup is defined as a part of the 2006 season, even though the tournament stretched into February 2007, and three A teams were also scheduled to tour the northwestern part of Australia in June and July 2006.
Arachidic acid
Arachidic acid, also known as icosanoic acid, is a saturated fatty acid with a 20-carbon chain. It is a minor constituent of cupuaçu butter (7%), perilla oil (0–1%), peanut oil (1.1–1.7%), corn oil (3%), and cocoa butter (1%). The salts and esters of arachidic acid are known as arachidates.

Its name derives from the Latin arachis—peanut. It can be formed by the hydrogenation of arachidonic acid.

Reduction of arachidic acid yields arachidyl alcohol.

Arachidic acid is used for the production of detergents, photographic materials and lubricants.

Hydrogenation
Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H2) and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum. The process is commonly employed to reduce or saturate organic compounds. Hydrogenation typically constitutes the addition of pairs of hydrogen atoms to a molecule, often an alkene. Catalysts are required for the reaction to be usable; non-catalytic hydrogenation takes place only at very high temperatures. Hydrogenation reduces double and triple bonds in hydrocarbons.
Impregnation resin
Impregnation resins are slightly viscous, organic liquids that are used in the forest products industry for wood modification. They typically contain formaldehyde and are composed of dimers and trimers of the main molecule. These can become polymer solutions upon curing inside of a wood substrate, imparting stabilizing properties. Impregnation of these resins involves a vacuum chamber procedure that completely disperses the resin into the wood. Once inside of the wood, the resin can diffuse into the cell wall and enhance the physical strength of the wood even further.

Trimer (chemistry)
In chemistry, a trimer (/ˈtraɪmər/; from Ancient Greek  tri- 'three' and  -mer 'parts') is a molecule or polyatomic anion formed by combination or association of three molecules or ions of the same substance.  In technical jargon, a trimer is a kind of oligomer derived from three identical precursors often in competition with polymerization.
Yolande Touba
Yolande Touba Byolo (born 18 July 1993) is a Cameroonian handball player for Dynamique De Bokito and the Cameroonian national team.

She participated at the 2017 World Women's Handball Championship. At the 2021 and 2022 African Championship she won silver medals, losing to Angola in the final on both occasions.

2022 African Women's Handball Championship
The 2022 African Women's Handball Championship was the 25th edition of the African Women's Handball Championship, which took place from 9 to 19 November 2022, in Dakar, Senegal. The tournament was held under the aegis of African Handball Confederation and acted as the African qualifying tournament for the 2023 World Women's Handball Championship, with the top four teams qualifying.

Angola won their 15th title after defeating Cameroon in the final.