hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mr. Mercedes
Mr Mercedes is a crime novel by American writer Stephen King. He calls it his first hard-boiled detective book. It was published on June 3, 2014. It is the first volume in a trilogy, followed in 2015 by Finders Keepers, the first draft of which was finished around the time Mr Mercedes was published, and End of Watch in 2016.

The novel won the 2015 Edgar Award for Best Novel from the Mystery Writers of America and Goodreads Choice Awards for 2014 in the Mystery and Thriller category.

Mystery Writers of America
The Mystery Writers of America (MWA) is a professional organization of mystery and crime writers, based in New York City.

The organization was founded in 1945 by Clayton Rawson, Anthony Boucher, Lawrence Treat, and Brett Halliday.

It presents the Edgar Award, a small bust of Edgar Allan Poe, to mystery or crime writers every year.  It presents the Raven Award to non-writers who contribute to the mystery genre. The category of Best Juvenile Mystery is also part of the Edgar Award, with such notable recipients as Barbara Brooks Wallace having won the honor twice for The Twin in the Tavern in 1994 and Sparrows in the Scullery in 1998, and Tony Abbott for his novel The Postcard in 2009.

John Dickson Carr, who also served as president of the MWA, won a Grand Master Award in 1949 and 1962.
2025 Mountain West Conference Football Championship Game
The 2025 Mountain West Conference Football Championship Game was a college football game played on December 5, 2025, at Albertsons Stadium in Boise, Idaho. It was the 13th edition of the Mountain West Conference Football Championship Game and determined the champion of the Mountain West Conference (MW) for the 2025 season. The game began at 6:00 p.m. MT and aired on Fox. The game featured the Boise State Broncos and the UNLV Rebels in a rematch of the previous season's championship game.

2025 UNLV Rebels football team
The 2025 UNLV Rebels football team represented the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) as a member of the Mountain West Conference (MW) during the 2025 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Led by first-year head coach Dan Mullen, the Rebels played their home games at Allegiant Stadium in Paradise, Nevada.
Kellogg, California
Kellogg was a historical unincorporated community in Sonoma County, California, United States.  Originally a summer resort, it was located at the foot of Mount Saint Helena about seven miles northwest of Calistoga.  The main hotel in 1880 was said to be made of adobe, with ten adjoining cottages with a total capacity of 125 guests.  By 1892, the resort site had become a private residence.

Kellogg was located along California State Route 128 near where Kellogg Creek and Yellowjacket Creek merge to form Redwood Creek.

Mount Saint Helena
Mount Saint Helena (Wappo: Kanamota, "Human Mountain") is a peak in the Mayacamas Mountains with flanks in Napa, Sonoma, and Lake counties of California. Composed of uplifted volcanic rocks from the Clear Lake Volcanic Field, it is one of the few mountains in the San Francisco Bay Area to receive any snowfall during the winter.

The mountain has five peaks, arranged in a rough "M" shape. Its highest point, North Peak, is in Sonoma County. The second-tallest, immediately east of the main summit, is the highest point in Napa County. The headwaters of the Napa River arise on the southeast slope of Mount Saint Helena.
Canton of Épernay-2
The canton of Épernay-2 is an administrative division of the Marne department, northeastern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Épernay.

It consists of the following communes:

Marne (department)
Marne (French pronunciation: [maʁn]) is a department in the Grand Est region of France. It is named after the river Marne which flows through it.  The prefecture (capital) of Marne is Châlons-en-Champagne (formerly known as Châlons-sur-Marne). The subprefectures are Épernay, Reims, and Vitry-le-François. It had a population of 566,855 in 2019.

The Champagne vineyards producing the eponymous sparkling wine are in Marne.
Edward Fieldwick
Edward Fieldwick (25 March 1868 – 22 December 1910) was an English cricketer who made one appearance in first-class cricket in 1894.  Born at Huyton, Lancashire, Fieldwick's batting and bowling styles are unknown.

A club cricketer for Huyton, Fieldwick's only appearance in first-class cricket came for Liverpool and District against Cambridge University in 1894 at Aigburth. Fieldwick was twice dismissed for a duck in the match and also went wicketless.

He died at the town of his birth on 22 December 1910.

Liverpool and District cricket team
The Liverpool and District cricket team played 14 first-class matches between 1882 and 1894, all at their home ground Aigburth.

In 1895, Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) was asked to give a ruling on the status of an 1895 match versus Cambridge University and declared it not first-class. From that date no matches played by Liverpool and District have been ranked first-class in Wisden or other publications. In 1904, the Liverpool authorities applied to MCC for first-class status for their matches versus first-class teams but, as recorded in the MCC Minutes for May 1904, it was ruled that no Liverpool matches should rank first-class.
The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume Two
The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume Two is a 1965 recording by the jazz musician Sun Ra and his Solar Arkestra. Where Volume One of the Heliocentric Worlds series had predominantly featured short abstract pieces, Volume Two features longer pieces performed by a smaller group, making it closer in spirit to the contemporaneous The Magic City, released on Ra's own Saturn label. The record has been widely bootlegged, some versions of which were retitled The Sun Myth.

The album was re-released on CD by ZYX-Music (ESP 1017–2) in the 1990s.

El Saturn Records
El Saturn Records is an American record label founded in 1957 by Alton Abraham. Among the earliest African American-owned record labels, in the late 1950s and 1960s it was one of the most active artist-owned record labels in the United States. The best known  releases by the label are albums by Sun Ra and his groups.

The label is allegedly owned by Ihnfinity Inc. where Anita A. Abraham, daughter of Artis Abraham, is the President.
Caroline Di Cocco
Caroline Di Cocco is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. She was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario representing the riding of Sarnia—Lambton for the Ontario Liberal Party from 1999 to 2007 and was a cabinet minister in the government of Dalton McGuinty until her defeat in the 2007 provincial election.

Sarnia—Lambton (provincial electoral district)
Sarnia—Lambton is a provincial electoral district in southwestern Ontario, Canada. It elects one member to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.

The riding was created in 1999 from Sarnia and from part of Lambton when ridings in Ontario were redrawn to match federal ridings.

From 1999 to 2007, the riding consisted of the municipalities of Sarnia, Point Edward, St. Clair and Sarnia 45. For the 2007 election, it gained the municipalities of Petrolia, Plympton-Wyoming, Oil Springs and Enniskillen.
Cryptic relatedness
In population genetics, cryptic relatedness occurs when individuals in a genetic association study are more closely related to another population than assumed by the investigators. This can act as a confounding factor in both case-control and genome-wide association studies, as well as in studies of genetic diversity. Along with population stratification, it is one of the most prominent confounding factors that can lead to inflated false positive rates in gene-association studies. It is often corrected for by including a polygenic component in the statistical model being used to detect genetic associations. Other approaches that have been developed to attempt to control for cryptic relatedness are the genomic control method and the use of extended likelihood ratio tests.

Genetic association
Genetic association is when one or more genotypes within a population co-occur with a phenotypic trait more often than would be expected by chance occurrence.

Studies of genetic association aim to test whether single-locus alleles or genotype frequencies or more generally, multilocus haplotype frequencies differ between two groups of individuals (usually diseased subjects and healthy controls). Genetic association studies are based on the principle that genotypes can be compared "directly", i.e. with the sequences of the actual genomes or exomes via whole genome sequencing or whole exome sequencing. Before 2010, DNA sequencing methods were used.
Lozen Nunatak
Lozen Nunatak (Bulgarian: Лозенски нунатак, romanized: Lozenski nunatak, IPA: [ˈɫɔzɛnski ˈnunɐtɐk]) is a 440m hill in upper Huron Glacier, Livingston Island.  It is part of a minor ridge in the north foothills of Tangra Mountains including also Erma Knoll and Aheloy Nunatak, and linked to Zograf Peak by Lozen Saddle.  The hill was first visited on 17 December 2004 by the Bulgarian Lyubomir Ivanov from Camp Academia.  It is named after the Lozen Monastery of St. Spas (Holy Saviour) in western Bulgaria.

Huron Glacier
Huron Glacier is a 4.8 nautical miles (8.9 km; 5.5 mi)} long and 2.2 nautical miles (4.1 km; 2.5 mi) wide glacial flow on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica, situated east of Perunika Glacier, southeast of Kaliakra Glacier, south of Struma Glacier, west-northwest of Iskar Glacier and northeast of Huntress Glacier. It is bounded by Bowles Ridge to the north, Wörner Gap to the west and the Tangra Mountains to the south, receiving ice influx from several tributary glaciers draining the mountain's northern slopes between Mount Friesland and Helmet Peak, and running east-northeastwards to empty into Moon Bay north of Yana Point. Camp Academia is situated on upper Huron Glacier, in the northwestern foothills of Zograf Peak.

The glacier was named by the UK Antarctic Place-names Committee in 1958 after the American ship Huron (Captain John Davis) of New Haven, Connecticut, which visited the South Shetland Islands in 1820–21 and 1821–22.
Convalescent plasma
Convalescent plasma is the blood plasma collected from a survivor of an infectious disease.  This plasma contains antibodies specific to a pathogen and can be used therapeutically by providing passive immunity when transfusing it to a newly infected patient with the same condition. Convalescent plasma can be transfused as it has been collected or become the source material for hyperimmune serum or anti-pathogen monoclonal antibodies; the latter consists exclusively of IgG, while convalescent plasma also includes IgA  and IgM. Collection is typically achieved by apheresis, but in low-to-middle income countries, the treatment can be administered as convalescent whole blood.

Immunoglobulin M
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is the largest of several isotypes of antibodies (also known as immunoglobulin) that are produced by vertebrates. IgM is the first antibody to appear in the response to initial exposure to an antigen; causing it to also be called an acute phase antibody. In humans and other mammals that have been studied, plasmablasts in the spleen are the main source of specific IgM production.
In Search of Darkness
In Search of Darkness is a 2019 documentary film written and directed by David A. Weiner and executive produced by Robin Block of CreatorVC Studios. An international co-production of the United Kingdom and the United States, the film explores the development and lasting impact of the horror film genre during the 1980s, and features interviews with numerous horror icons both from that decade and from the modern era, along with popular horror influencers.

In Search of Darkness premiered at the 2019 Beyond Fest.

Beyond Fest
Beyond Fest is the largest genre film festival in the United States, held annually in Los Angeles, California. Established in partnership with the American Cinematheque, Beyond Fest focuses on showcasing horror, science fiction, fantasy, and other genre films. The festival features a diverse range of programming, including new releases, rare retrospectives, and special events.
Ken O'Keefe
Ken O'Keefe (born August 18, 1953) is an American football coach and former player. He most recently served as the quarterbacks coach for the Iowa Hawkeyes football team, a position he held from January 2017 through February 2022. O'Keefe served as the offensive coordinator for the Iowa Hawkeyes football team from 1999 to 2011. He was the head football coach at the Allegheny College from 1990 to 1997 and at Fordham University in 1998, compiling a career college football record of 83–17–1. In O'Keefe's first season at Allegheny, in 1990, his team went 13–0–1 and won the NCAA Division III Football Championship.

NCAA Division III football championship
The NCAA Division III football championship is an American college football tournament played annually to determine a champion at the NCAA Division III level. It was first held in 1973, as a single-elimination playoff with eight teams. Over the past 50 seasons, the number of participants has grown to 40. In 2025, 27 playoff bids went to conference champions via automatic qualification, leaving 13 places for at-large selections.

The Division III championship game, known as the Amos Alonzo Stagg Bowl or Stagg Bowl (named after football coach Amos Alonzo Stagg), was held at Shell Energy Stadium in Houston, Texas in 2024. Other Stagg Bowl sites have included Annapolis, Maryland (2022), Canton, Ohio (2021, 2025, 2027), Shenandoah, Texas (2018–2019), Salem, Virginia (1993–2017, 2023, 2026), Bradenton, Florida (1990–1992), Phenix City, Alabama (1973–1982, 1985–1989), and Kings Island, Ohio (1983–1984).
María Manzano
María Gracia Manzano Arjona (born 1950) is a Spanish philosopher specializing in mathematical logic and model theory.

Manzano earned her Ph.D. in 1977 from the University of Barcelona. Her dissertation, Sistemas generales de la lógica de segundo orden [General systems of second-order logic], was supervised by Jesús Mosterín. She is a professor of logic and the philosophy of science at the University of Salamanca.

She is the author of several books on logic and model theory:

Manzano, María (1989), Teoría de modelos (in Spanish), Alianza Editorial, ISBN 9788420681269

Model Theory, Oxford Logic Guides, vol. 37, translated by De Queiroz, Ruy, Oxford University Press, 1999 [1989], ISBN 978-0198538516

Manzano, María (1996), Extensions of First Order Logic, Cambridge Tracts in Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 19, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521354358

Manzano, María; Huertas, Antonia (2004), Lógica para principiantes (in Spanish), Alianza Editorial

Second-order logic
In logic and mathematics, second-order logic is an extension of first-order logic, which itself is an extension of propositional logic. Second-order logic is in turn extended by higher-order logic and type theory.

First-order logic quantifies only variables that range over individuals (elements of the domain of discourse); second-order logic, in addition, quantifies over relations. For example, the second-order sentence  says that for every formula P, and every individual x, either Px is true or not(Px) is true (this is the law of excluded middle). Second-order logic also includes quantification over sets, functions, and other variables (see section below). Both first-order and second-order logic use the idea of a domain of discourse (often called simply the "domain" or the "universe"). The domain is a set over which individual elements may be quantified.
Nick Fotion
Nicholas George Fotion (September 18, 1927 – 2019) was an American philosopher noted for his contributions to the philosophy of ethics and philosophy of language. He has written on military ethics, terrorism, and just war theory. He has also worked on the speech act theory of John Searle and J.L. Austin. He was professor emeritus at Emory University.

Fotion was born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, in 1927. He died in Atlanta, Georgia, in December 2019.

Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Cedar Rapids is a city in Linn County, Iowa, United States, and the county seat. The population was 137,710 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 137,904 in 2024. making it the second-most populous city in Iowa. The city lies on both banks of the Cedar River, 20 miles (32 km) north of Iowa City and 128 miles (206 km) northeast of Des Moines, the state's capital.

Cedar Rapids is the economic hub of Eastern Iowa, located at the core of the Interstate 380 corridor. The population of the three-county Cedar Rapids metropolitan area, which includes the nearby cities of Marion and Hiawatha, was 276,520 in 2020. The Cedar Rapids metropolitan area is also part of a combined statistical area with the Iowa City metropolitan area.
Červená Řečice
Červená Řečice is a town in Pelhřimov District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.

Vysočina Region
The Vysočina Region (IPA: [ˈvɪsotʃɪna]; Czech: Kraj Vysočina) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic. Its capital is Jihlava.

The region is located in the central part of the country. It is one of just three in the country (the others being Prague and the Central Bohemian Region) which does not have a border with a foreign country.

The Vysočina Region is home to three UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the most in any region in the Czech Republic.
One Way Passage
One Way Passage is a 1932 American pre-Code romantic film starring William Powell and Kay Francis as star-crossed lovers, directed by Tay Garnett and released by Warner Bros. Pictures. The screenplay by Wilson Mizner and Joseph Jackson is based on a story by Robert Lord, who won the Academy Award for Best Story.

Academy Award for Best Story
The Academy Award for Best Story was an Academy Award given from the beginning of the Academy Awards until 1956. The award co-existed with the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay and Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. The Oscar for Best Story most closely resembles the usage of modern film treatments, or prose documents that describe the entire plot and characters, but typically lack most dialogue. A separate screenwriter would convert the story into a full screenplay.

As an example, at the 1944 Academy Awards, producer and director Leo McCarey won Best Story for Going My Way while screenwriters Frank Butler and Frank Cavett won Best Screenplay. The elimination of this category in 1956 reflected the decline of Hollywood's studio system and the emergence of independent screenwriters.
William Eure, 1st Baron Eure
William Eure, 1st Baron Eure (c.1483–1548) of Witton was an English knight and soldier active on the Anglo-Scottish border. Henry VIII of England made him Baron Eure by patent in 1544. The surname is often written as "Evers". William was Governor of Berwick upon Tweed in 1539, Commander in the North in 1542, Warden of the Eastern March, and High Sheriff of Durham. During the Anglo-Scottish war called the Rough Wooing, Eure and his sons Henry and Ralph made numerous raids against towns and farms in the Scottish Borders.

Witton Castle
Witton Castle is a much-altered 15th-century castle, which is the centrepiece of a holiday and caravan country park at Witton le Wear, near Bishop Auckland, County Durham. It is a Grade II* listed building.
Municipality of the District of Barrington
Barrington, officially named the Municipality of the District of Barrington, is a district municipality in western Shelburne County, Nova Scotia, Canada. Statistics Canada classifies the district municipality as a municipal district.

Cape Sable Island
Cape Sable Island, locally referred to as Cape Island, is a small Canadian island at the southernmost point of the Nova Scotia peninsula.  It is sometimes confused with Sable Island. Historically, the Argyle, Nova Scotia region was known as Cape Sable and encompassed a much larger area than simply the island it does today. It extended from Cape Negro through Chebogue.

The island is situated in Shelburne County south of Barrington Head, separated from the mainland by the narrow strait of Barrington Passage, but has been connected since 1949 by a causeway. The largest community on the island is the town of Clark's Harbour. Other communities are listed below. At the extreme southern tip is Cape Sable.
Buried by the Times
Buried by the Times is a 2005 book by Laurel Leff.

The book is a critical account of The New York Times's coverage of Nazi atrocities against Jews that culminated in the Holocaust. It argues that the news was often buried in the back pages in part due to the view about Judaism of the paper's Jewish publisher, Arthur Hays Sulzberger. It also gives a critical look at the work of Times correspondents in Europe.

The book received critical acclaim and was the recipient of the best media history book from the American Journalism Historians Association.

German war crimes
The governments of the German Empire and Nazi Germany (under Adolf Hitler) ordered, organized, and condoned a substantial number of war crimes, first in the Herero and Nama genocide and then in the First and Second World Wars. The most notable of these is the Holocaust, in which millions of European Jews were systematically abused, deported, and murdered, along with Romani in the Romani Holocaust and non-Jewish Poles. Millions of civilians and prisoners of war also died as a result of German abuses, mistreatment, and deliberate starvation policies in those two conflicts. Much of the evidence was deliberately destroyed by the perpetrators, such as in Sonderaktion 1005, in an attempt to conceal their crimes.
2018 Dubai Tour
The 2018 Dubai Tour was a road cycling stage race that took place in Dubai between 6 and 10 February 2018. It was the fifth edition of the Dubai Tour and was rated as a 2.HC event as part of the 2018 UCI Asia Tour.

UCI .HC road races
The UCI 1.HC and UCI 2.HC were the second tier classification of road cycling races by the UCI, after the UCI World Tour (or its predecessor, the UCI ProTour). They are now replaced by the UCI ProSeries. The races were part of the various UCI Continental Circuits. The 1.HC events were one-day races, whereas the 2.HC events were stage races. 'HC' stands for the  French phrase hors catégorie, which means beyond categorization. In 2020, the .HC races were replaced by the UCI ProSeries
Karsan, Mazgirt
Karsan (Kurdish: Garsiyan) is a village in the Mazgirt District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Hormek tribe and had a population of 131 in 2021.

The hamlet of Baltacık is attached to the village.

Tunceli Province
Tunceli Province (Turkish: Tunceli ili), formerly Dersim Province (Kurdish: Parêzgeha Dêrsim; Zazaki: Dêsim wilayet; Armenian: Տէրսիմի մարզ), is a province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Its central city is Tunceli. The province has a Kurdish majority. Moreover, it is the only province in Turkey with an Alevi majority. The province has eight municipalities, 366 villages and 1,087 hamlets.
Timizguida Ouftas
Timizguida Ouftas is a small town and rural commune in Essaouira Province of the Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 5218 people living in 887 households.

Essaouira Province
Essaouira (Arabic: إقليم الصويرة) is a province in the Moroccan region of Marrakesh-Safi. Its population in 2024 was 425,449

The major cities and towns are:

Ait Daoud

El Hanchane

Essaouira

Ounagha

Smimou

Tafetachte

Talmest

Tamanar