hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wymondley Roman Villa
Wymondley Roman Villa is a Roman site, which has often been described as a Roman villa, near Hitchin, Hertfordshire, England. It is also known as Ninesprings Roman Villa. Recent archaeology interpreted the ruins as a bathhouse connected to a complex of ritual buildings and not a villa.

It is situated in the valley of the River Purwell, where the river forms a boundary between the outskirts of Hitchin and the largely rural parish of Great Wymondley. In Roman times, as now, the site would have been above a wetland. This natural feature is protected as the Purwell Ninesprings nature reserve.

Hypocaust
A hypocaust (Latin: hypocaustum) is a system of central heating in a building that produces and circulates hot air below the floor of a room, and may also warm the walls with a series of pipes through which the hot air passes. This air can warm the upper floors as well. The word derives from Ancient Greek hupó 'under' and kaustós 'burnt' (compare caustic). The earliest reference to such a system suggests that the Temple of Ephesus in 350 BC was heated in this manner, although Vitruvius attributes its invention to Sergius Orata c. 80 BC. Its invention improved the hygiene and living conditions of citizens, and was a forerunner of modern central heating.
Isla Magdalena National Park
The Isla Magdalena National Park (Spanish:  Parque Nacional Isla Magdalena) is a 1,576 km2 (608 sq mi) protected area in Magdalena Island, Patagonia, Chile. It was created in 1967 as forest reserve. It was classified as a national park in June 1983.

Puerto Gaviota in the south of the national park is considered particularly noteworthy. In addition to larger Atilio island in the north, there are a number of smaller islands in the national park.

The Isla Magdalena climate has an annual average temperature of 6 to 8 °C (43 to 46 °F) and an annual precipitation of approximately 4,000 mm (157 in) per year.

The park can best reached by sea from the ports Puerto Cisnes or Puerto Puyuhuapi. On the island, no infrastructure exists.

The highest point of the park is Mentolat Volcano at 1,660 m (5,446 ft).

Puyuhuapi
Puyuhuapi (Puyuguapi) is a village in southern Chile in the Aysén Region. It is located on Route 7, the Carretera Austral, where the Rio Pascal enters the head of the Puyuhuapi fjord, a small fjord off the Ventisquero Sound. Its harbor on the fjord is called Puerto Puyuhuapi. Puyuhuapi is administratively in the Chilean commune of Cisnes. In the 2002 census it had a population of 535, but by 2007 it had grown to 826. Just southwest of the village are the Puyuhuapi hot springs. The government invited German settlement in the village, which was founded by Sudeten German settlers from Hranice (former German name Rossbach) in present-day Czech Republic and Mapuches from Chiloé Archipelago. German settlers gave temporary work to the Mapuches in the area, and then they settled with their families, which gave rise to a mestizo population.

It is served by Puyuhuapi Airport.

Among the local handicrafts are hand-made jerseys.
Rushcart
The rushcart ceremony (derived from Rogationtide) is an English tradition where parishioners process around their parish once a year, bearing rushes. They would end up at the parish church and place the rushes on the floor of the church, to replace worn-out rushes. In modern times the ceremony is practised only in parts of northern England including Lancashire and Cumbria.

Juncaceae
Juncaceae is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the rush family.  It consists of 7 genera and about 464 known species  of slow-growing, rhizomatous, herbaceous monocotyledonous plants that may superficially resemble grasses and sedges. They often grow on infertile soils in a wide range of moisture conditions. The best-known and largest genus is Juncus. Most of the Juncus species grow exclusively in wetland habitats. A few rushes, such as Juncus bufonius are annuals, but most are perennials. Despite the apparent similarity, Juncaceae are not counted among the plants with the vernacular name bulrush.
German submarine U-121 (1940)
German submarine U-121 was a long-lived Type IIB U-boat built during World War II for service in Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine. U-121 spent the entire war as a training vessel and was scuttled at the end of the conflict.

U-121 was one of two Type II U-boats built at Flender Werke in Lübeck. Like her sister boat U-120 (also built in Lübeck), she was originally constructed for export to China. The advent of World War II and the increased training needs of the U-Boot-Waffe led the German high command to assign U-120 and U-121 to the training command instead.

Flender Werke
Flender Werke was a German shipbuilding company, located in Lübeck. It was founded in 1917 as a branch of Brückenbau Flender AG of Benrath on the Rhine. In 1926, it became a fully independent business and was renamed Lübecker Flenderwerke AG. It went on to become one of the largest shipyards in Germany, building nearly 700 ships in all.
Aislín McGuckin
Aislín McGuckin (born May 1974) is a Northern Irish actress. She has appeared in theatre, television, and film roles. Her early film work includes The Nephew and The White Countess. From 2014 to 2015, she starred as Letitia MacKenzie in the Starz series Outlander, and in 2020, played Marianne's mother, Denise, in the BBC One miniseries Normal People.

The White Countess
The White Countess is a 2005 drama film directed by James Ivory and starring Ralph Fiennes, Natasha Richardson, Vanessa Redgrave, Hiroyuki Sanada, Lynn Redgrave, Allan Corduner, and Madeleine Potter. The screenplay by Kazuo Ishiguro focuses on a disparate group of displaced persons attempting to survive in Shanghai in the late 1930s.
Ćule
Ćule (Albanian: Qula)is a mountain found in Kosovo in the Šar Mountains in Gora (region) next to North Macedonia and Albania. Ćule reaches a top height of 2,220 m (7,283 ft).
The nearest peaks are Ovčinec, Murga (peak) and Titov Vrv, the next town is Brod (Prizren), the next biggest lake is Šutmansko Lake. It is one of the higher peaks in Kosovo.

41°59′14″N 20°44′23″E﻿ / ﻿41.987222°N 20.739722°E﻿ / 41.987222; 20.739722﻿ (Ćule)

Brod, Dragash
Brod (Albanian: Brod; Serbian Cyrillic: Брод) is a village in the municipality of Dragash in southern Kosovo. It is part of the District of Prizren and of the region called Gora. The majority of people are Gorani. Brod is a big village with 900 houses.
Birur Junction railway station
Birur Junction railway station, also known as Biruru Junction railway station (station code: RRB) is an Indian Railways station in Birur in Kadur, Chikmagalur district, Karnataka.

Birur Junction is an important railway station, since pre-independence era. It is the most important railway junction in Chikmagalur district. This Junction acts as a nexus point between Bengaluru and Shimoga and north Karnataka city of Hubli. This junction belongs to Mysore division of South-western Railway Zone of Indian Railways. Many intrastate and inter-state trains have their stoppage here.

Kaduru
Kaduru, also known as Kadur, is a town in the district and a taluk in Chikmagalur district, in Karnataka. It lies 13.5486° N, 76.0084° E, in the Rain shadow  region of Western Ghats  in the Malenadu  region. Kadur is also well known for its Areca nut and Coconut production.

It is the second largest town in the district and also the former capital of Kadur district (Cuddoor district). The capital was moved to Chikmagalur in 1865, but the district name remained. Later in 1947, the district was renamed as Chikmagalur district.
Wilhelm Frimann Koren Christie
Wilhelm Frimann Koren Christie (7 December 1778 – 10 October 1849) was a Norwegian attorney. He was a member of the National Assembly at Eidsvoll in 1814 and served as the Norwegian Constituent Assembly secretary.

Eidsvoll
Eidsvoll (pronounced [ˈæ̀ɪdsvɔɫ] ⓘ; sometimes written as Eidsvold) is a municipality in Akershus county, Norway.  It is part of the Romerike traditional region.  The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Sundet.
Gurinder Singh Mann
Gurinder Singh Mann is a Punjabi-American scholar and professor of Sikh studies, and the author of multiple books on Sikh religion and society. Mann taught religion at Columbia University from 1988 to 1999 and then held the Kundan Kaur Kapany Chair in Sikh Studies from 1999 to 2015 at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He retired from Santa Barbara in 2015, and founded the Global Institute for Sikh Studies in New York City, which he presently directs.

Scholar
A scholar is a person who is a researcher or has expertise in an academic discipline. A scholar can also be an academic, who works as a professor, teacher, or researcher at a university. An academic usually holds an advanced degree or a terminal degree, such as a master's degree or a doctorate. Independent scholars and public intellectuals work outside the academy yet may publish in academic journals and participate in scholarly public discussion.
De la Puerta
De la Puerta is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Mariano García de la Puerta (1907–?), Spanish footballer

Sebastián Calvo de la Puerta (1751–1820), Spanish nobleman and soldier

Sebastián Calvo de la Puerta
Sebastián Nicolás de Bari Calvo de la Puerta y O'Farrill, 1st Marquess of Casa Calvo, KOS (August 1751 – 27 May 1820) was a Spanish nobleman and soldier who served as Governor of Louisiana between 1799 and 1801.
Today's Empires, Tomorrow's Ashes
Today's Empires, Tomorrow's Ashes is the third studio album by Canadian punk rock band Propagandhi, released February 6, 2001. It was released on the band's own G7 Welcoming Committee Records label in Canada and Fat Wreck Chords elsewhere. It is the first Propagandhi release of new material on their own label.

Fat Wreck Chords
Fat Wreck Chords (pronounced "Fat Records") is an independent record label based in San Francisco focused on punk rock. It was started by NOFX lead singer Michael Burkett (better known as Fat Mike) and his wife at the time, Erin Burkett in 1990. As of 2009, Fat Wreck Chords released over 300 studio albums.
Dalewo, Stargard County
Dalewo [daˈlɛvɔ] (German: Dahlow) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Marianowo, within Stargard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) west of Marianowo, 11 km (7 mi) north-east of Stargard, and 40 km (25 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Stargard County
Stargard County (Polish: powiat stargardzki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Stargard, which lies 32 kilometres (20 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin. The county contains four other towns: Chociwel, 26 km (16 mi) north-east of Stargard, Dobrzany, 27 km (17 mi) east of Stargard, Ińsko, 37 km (23 mi) east of Stargard, and Suchań, 21 km (13 mi) east of Stargard.

The county covers an area of 1,519.59 square kilometres (586.7 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 119,402, out of which the population of Stargard is 70,534, that of Chociwel is 3,285, that of Dobrzany is 2,420, that of Ińsko is 2,001, that of Suchań is 1,446, and the rural population is 39,716.
Mauser Model 1908
The Mauser Model 1908 were series of Gewehr 98 pattern bolt-action rifles. First produced by Deutsche Waffen und Munitionsfabriken (DWM) and Mauser, they were exported to Uruguay and Brazil. In this latter country, Brazilian War Material Industry produced upgraded versions until the rifle was replaced by the FN FAL.

FN FAL
The FAL (French: Fusil Automatique Léger 'Light Automatic Rifle') is a battle rifle designed in Belgium by Dieudonné Saive and manufactured by FN Herstal and others since 1953.

During the Cold War, the FAL was adopted by many countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), with the notable exception of the United States. It is one of the most widely used rifles in history, having been used by more than 90 countries. It received the title "the right arm of the free world" from its adoption by many countries that identified as part of the free world. It is chambered in 7.62×51mm NATO, although originally designed for the intermediate .280 British.

A license-built version of the FAL was produced and adopted by the United Kingdom and throughout the Commonwealth as the L1A1 Self-Loading Rifle.
Freie Presse
Freie Presse (German for Free Press) is the name of several newspapers, including:

Freie Presse (Saxony), published since 1963 in the Chemnitz region, Germany

Freie Presse (Alsace), which existed from 1898 to 1960 in Alsace, France (a German region for some of that period)

Neue Freie Presse, which existed from 1864 to 1939 in Vienna, Austria. It was a forerunner of today's Die Presse.

Dakota Freie Presse, a German-language paper in North America, 1874-1954

Cincinnatier Freie Presse, a German-language paper in Cincinnati, Ohio, 1874-1964

Freie Presse (Alsace)
Freie Presse ('Free Press') was a German-language daily newspaper published in Alsace. It was published as Freie Presse für Elsass-Lothringen between 1898 and 1918, and as Freie Presse/La Presse Libre 1919-1939 and 1944–1960. The newspaper, edited by Jacques Peirotes, was one of the most consistently pro-French newspapers of Alsace.

The newspaper had a circulation of around 5,000 as of June 1930. It carried the byline "Sozialistisches Organ für das Departement des Nieder-Rheins" ('Socialist organ for the Bas-Rhin departement'). The newspaper was an organ of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO).
Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis
Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis is a long-term fungal infection caused by members of the genus Aspergillus—most commonly Aspergillus fumigatus. The term describes several disease presentations with considerable overlap, ranging from an aspergilloma—a clump of Aspergillus mold in the lungs—through to a subacute, invasive form known as chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis which affects people whose immune system is weakened. Many people affected by chronic pulmonary aspergillosis have an underlying lung disease, most commonly tuberculosis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, asthma, or lung cancer.

Acute (medicine)
In medicine, describing a disease as acute denotes that it is of recent onset; it occasionally denotes a short duration. The quantification of how much time constitutes "short" and "recent" varies by disease and by context, but the core denotation of "acute" is always qualitatively in contrast with "chronic", which denotes long-lasting disease (for example, in acute leukaemia and chronic leukaemia).

In the context of the mass noun "acute disease", it refers to the acute phase (that is, a short course) of any disease entity. For example, in an article on ulcerative enteritis in poultry, the author says, "in acute disease there may be increased mortality without any obvious signs", referring to the acute form or phase of ulcerative enteritis.
Catherine Harmer
Catherine Jane Harmer (born 23 April 1973) is a British cognitive neuroscientist and Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience at the University of Oxford Department of Psychiatry. She is known for her work on the neuropsychopharmacology of emotion and depression, particularly in identifying how antidepressant medications affect emotional processing before changes in mood become evident. She is a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences, Director of the Oxford Psychopharmacology and Emotion Research Laboratory (PERL) and Associate Head of Department of Psychiatry University of Oxford.

Academy of Medical Sciences (United Kingdom)
The Academy of Medical Sciences is an organisation established in the UK in 1998. It is one of the four UK National Academies, the others being the British Academy, the Royal Academy of Engineering and the Royal Society.

Its mission is to advance biomedical and health research and its translation into benefits for society. The Academy consists of a group of around 1,400 Fellows elected from fields across the biomedical sciences. The Academy seeks ultimately to advance medical science and improve health by investing in talented researchers, engaging people on health-related issues and providing expert impartial advice. As of April 2024 its president is Professor Andrew Morris CBE FRSE PMedSci, and Vice President is Shakila Thangaratinam.
Vanadium(II) iodide
Vanadium(II) iodide is the inorganic compound with the formula VI2.  It is a black micaceous solid.  It adopts the cadmium iodide structure, featuring octahedral V(II) centers.  The hexahydrate [V(H2O)6]I2, an aquo complex, is also known. It forms red-violet crystals.  The hexahydrate dehydrates under vacuum to give a red-brown tetrahydrate with the formula V(H2O)4I2.

Mica
Micas (/ˈmaɪkəz/ MY-kəz) are a group of silicate minerals whose outstanding physical characteristic is that individual mica crystals can easily be split into fragile elastic plates. This characteristic is described as perfect basal cleavage. Mica is common in igneous and metamorphic rock and is occasionally found as small flakes in sedimentary rock. It is particularly prominent in many granites, pegmatites, and schists, and "books" (large individual crystals) of mica several feet across have been found in some pegmatites.

Micas are used in products such as drywalls, paints, and fillers, especially in parts for automobiles, roofing, and in electronics. The mineral is used in cosmetics and food to add "shimmer" or "frost".
Edinburgh Law School
Edinburgh Law School is a department within the College of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland. It was founded in 1707.

It is located in the historic Old College, the original site of the University. Two of the twelve currently sitting Supreme Court of the United Kingdom justices are graduates of Edinburgh, including the current President and Deputy President.

In 2014, the Research Excellence Framework commissioned by the UK government, ranked the University of Edinburgh 1st in Scotland and 4th in the UK. The 2022 league table rankings from The Guardian placed Edinburgh at 10th in the UK. The 2022 Complete University Guide league rankings placed Edinburgh at 8th in the UK. The 2018 The Times league rankings placed Edinburgh at 11th in the UK. Edinburgh Law School was placed 17th in the world and 6th in the UK for law in the 2023 QS World University Rankings by Subject: Law & Legal Studies.

President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
The president of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is the highest-ranking judge in the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. It is equivalent to the now-defunct position of Senior Lord of Appeal in Ordinary, also known as the Senior Law Lord, who was the highest ranking among the Lords of Appeal in Ordinary (the judges who exercised the judicial functions of the House of Lords). The current President is Robert Reed, since 13 January 2020.
Marlon Saunders
Marlon Derrick Saunders is an American singer, songwriter, record producer. A Professor of Voice at Berklee College of Music, he is best known for his vocal performances on the Sega-published video games Sonic Adventure (1998) and Sonic Adventure 2 (2001), as well as Burning Rangers (1998), Phantasy Star Online (2000) and Nights Into Dreams (1996).

Saunders is also a vocal coach, choir director and music educator. He was a backing vocalist for the 2007 song "That's How You Know" — performed by Amy Adams from the accompanying soundtrack for Disney's Enchanted — which was nominated for Best Song Written for Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media at the 51st Annual Grammy Awards. Saunders has served as a faculty member for both the Clive Davis Institute of Recorded Music at New York University and School of Jazz and Contemporary Music program at the New School.

School of Jazz and Contemporary Music
The School of Jazz and Contemporary Music is a private music school of The New School in New York City.  It is located on West 13th Street in the neighborhood of Greenwich Village. It was once known as The New School for Jazz and Contemporary Music.
Javad Bushehri
Javad Bushehri (Persian: جواد بوشهری; 1893–1972), also known as Amir Homayun, was an Iranian businessman and statesman who held several government posts. In addition, he served at the Majlis and Senate and also, was the governor of the Fars province.

Islamic Consultative Assembly
The Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran (Persian: مجلس شورای اسلامی ایران, romanized: Majles-e Shurâ-ye Eslâmi Iran), also called the Iranian Parliament, the Iranian Majles (Arabicised spelling Majlis) or ICA, is the unicameral national legislative body of Iran. The parliament currently consists of 290 representatives, an increase from the previous 270 seats since the 18 February 2000 election.
Costin Lazăr
Costin Lazăr (born 24 April 1981) is a Romanian former footballer who played as a defensive midfielder for teams such as Sportul Studențesc, Rapid București, PAOK or FC Voluntari, among others. Lazăr was capped with Romania at senior level, making 32 appearances and scoring twice.

Supercupa României
The Supercupa României (English: Romanian Supercup) is a one-off football match in Romania that features the winners of the Liga I and the Cupa României. It is usually played at the Arena Națională in Bucharest.

The competition started off in 1994, with the first edition being won by Steaua București. In 2010, for the first time in its history, the Supercup was held even though CFR Cluj had been victorious in both the league and the cup in the previous season. At that time, they faced Unirea Urziceni, the Liga I runners-up.

The most successful performer so far is FCSB winning the competition 8 times.
The Anvil (album)
The Anvil is the second studio album by the British synth-pop band Visage, released on 26 March 1982 by Polydor Records. The album reached No. 6 in the UK and was certified "Silver" by the British Phonographic Industry in April 1982.

Steve Strange
Stephen John Harrington (28 May 1959 – 12 February 2015), known professionally as Steve Strange, was a Welsh singer and nightclub host and promoter. Strange began his career in several short-lived punk bands of the late 1970s. Quickly becoming disaffected by the British punk scene, he became one of the most influential figures behind the New Romantic subcultural movement of the late 1970s and early 1980s, which spawned the Blitz Kids.

Strange was the lead vocalist of the new wave synth-pop group Visage, which had five top 30 songs on the UK singles chart between 1981 and 1982, including their highest charting single "Fade to Grey", which reached no. 8 in February 1981.
Hata no Kawakatsu
Hata no Kawakatsu (秦河勝, alternatively read as Hada no Kōkatsu), or Hata no Miyatsuko no Kawakatsu (秦造河勝), was a semi-legendary statesman active during the Asuka period in Japan. He is recorded as serving under Empress Suiko and Empress Kōgyoku in the Nihon Shoki, and appears as a noteworthy figure in narratives surrounding Prince Shōtoku.

Later legends present Kawakatsu as the reincarnation of Emperor Qin Shi Huang, in addition to being the ancestor of the Hata clan and the founder of sarugaku. He is also credited with the construction of Kōryū-ji in Kyoto, and is enshrined as the deity Ōsake Daimyōjin (大避大明神) at the Ōsake Shrine in Akō.

Asuka period
The Asuka period (飛鳥時代, Asuka jidai; Japanese pronunciation: [a.sɯ̥.ka ((d)ʑiꜜ.dai)]) was a period in the history of Japan lasting from 538 to 710, although its beginning could be said to overlap with the preceding Kofun period. The Yamato polity evolved greatly during the Asuka period, which is named after the Asuka region, about 25 km (16 mi) south of the modern city of Nara.

The Asuka period is characterized by its significant artistic, social, and political transformations, having their origins in the late Kofun period. The introduction of Buddhism marked a change in Japanese society. The Asuka period is also distinguished by the change in the name of the country from Wa (倭) to Nippon (日本).