hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mandsaur Assembly constituency
Mandsaur is one of the Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of Madhya Pradesh state in central India, in Mandsaur district. It is one of the 8 assembly segments of Mandsaur (Lok Sabha constituency). Former CM Sunder Lal Patwa had represented Mandsour Vidhan Sabha seat in the past. Jawad seat, a borough of another former CM Sakhlecha, is also part of this region.

Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly
The Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha, or the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly, is the unicameral state legislature of Madhya Pradesh state in India.

The seat of the Vidhan Sabha is at Bhopal, the capital of the state. It is housed in the Vidhan Bhavan, an imposing building located at the center of the Capital Complex in the Arera Hill locality of Bhopal city. The term of the Vidhan Sabha is five years unless dissolved earlier. Presently, it comprises 230 members who are directly elected from single-seat constituencies. 35
constituencies are reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled castes and 47 are reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled tribes.
MtlS RNA
MtlS RNA is a small non-coding RNA found in Vibrio cholerae and related bacteria. MtlS is found in the mannitol operon, which encodes the mannitol-specific phosphotransferase system. The MtlS RNA is expressed when the bacteria are grown on carbon sources other than mannitol. MtlS is responsible for the post-transcriptional regulation of the MtlA protein. Overexpression of MtlS represses MtlA synthesis; it is proposed that this repression occurs as MtlS base pairs with the mtlA mRNA and occludes the ribosome binding site, thus inhibiting synthesis of the mannitol-specific phosphotransferase system.

Ribosome-binding site
A ribosome binding site, or ribosomal binding site (RBS), is a sequence of nucleotides upstream of the start codon of an mRNA transcript that is responsible for the recruitment of a ribosome during the initiation of translation. Mostly, RBS refers to bacterial sequences, although internal ribosome entry sites (IRES) have been described in mRNAs of eukaryotic cells or viruses that infect eukaryotes. Ribosome recruitment in eukaryotes is generally mediated by the 5' cap present on eukaryotic mRNAs.
WNEM-TV
WNEM-TV (channel 5) is a television station licensed to Bay City, Michigan, United States, serving northeastern Michigan as an affiliate of CBS and MyNetworkTV. Owned by Gray Media, the station maintains studios on North Franklin Street in downtown Saginaw, with a second newsroom in downtown Flint. Its transmitter is located on Becker Road in Robin Glen-Indiantown, in Buena Vista Township, east of Saginaw.

Bay City, Michigan
Bay City is a city in Bay County, Michigan, United States, and its county seat. The population was 32,661 at the 2020 census. The city is located just upriver from the Saginaw Bay on the Saginaw River. It is the principal city of the Bay City metropolitan area, which is coterminous with Bay County as part of the larger Greater Tri-Cities region of Central Michigan. Several historic bridges cross the Saginaw River in Bay City, including Liberty Bridge, Veterans Memorial Bridge, Independence Bridge, and Lafayette Avenue Bridge.
H. Rap Brown
Jamil Abdullah al-Amin (born Hubert Gerold Brown; October 4, 1943 – November 23, 2025) was an American Muslim cleric who was the fifth chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in the 1960s. Best known as H. Rap Brown, he served as the Black Panther Party's minister of justice during a short-lived (six months) alliance between SNCC and the Black Panther Party.

Brown was perhaps known for his proclamations during that period, such as, "Violence is as American as cherry pie", and, "If America don't come around, we're gonna burn it down." He was also known for his autobiography, Die Nigger Die! He served a life sentence for murder following the shooting of two Fulton County, Georgia, sheriff's deputies in 2000.

White Hall, Alabama
White Hall is a town in Lowndes County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2020 census, White Hall had a population of 806. The community was named for a plantation that was destroyed in an 1882 tornado. It is part of the Montgomery Metropolitan Statistical Area.

It was established during the Great Depression in 1935 as a New Deal project under the Resettlement Administration, similar to the town of Skyline. Because of Southern racial segregation, White Hall was intended for the African-American majority population in the area. The town did not incorporate until 1979.
Lake Chicago
Lake Chicago was a prehistoric proglacial lake that is the ancestor of what is now known as Lake Michigan, one of North America's five Great Lakes.  Formed about 13,000 years ago and fed by retreating glaciers, it drained southwest through the Chicago Outlet River.

Des Plaines River
The Des Plaines River (/dɪsˈpleɪnz/ diss-PLAYNZ) (French: Rivière des Plaines) is a river that flows southward for 133 miles (214 km) through southern Wisconsin and northern Illinois in the United States Midwest, eventually meeting the Kankakee River west of Channahon to form the Illinois River, a tributary of the Mississippi River.

Native Americans used the river as transportation route and portage.  When French explorers and missionaries arrived in the 1600s, in what was then the Illinois Country of New France, they named the waterway La Rivière des Plaines (River of the Plains).  The local Native Americans showed these early European explorers how to traverse waterways of the Des Plaines watershed to travel from Lake Michigan to the Mississippi River and its valley.

Parts of the river are now part of the Illinois Waterway and the Chicago Area Waterway System.
Creelsboro, Kentucky
Creelsboro is a historic town in Russell County, Kentucky, United States. The declining town was thriving some sixteen years before Russell County was formed. It was named for Elijah Creel, an early settler.

Creelsboro was a trade center along the Cumberland River in the 19th century although its population was only about 50. It was once the busiest river port on the river between Nashville, Tennessee, and Burnside, Kentucky.  The town hosted a bank, a school, three stores and an inn for steam boat passengers.

Construction of modern highways in the 1930s took commercial traffic away from steamboats and Creelsboro lost its primary revenue stream.

Creelsboro's current population is involved in agriculture.  Visitors access the Cumberland River for trout fishing and view Rockhouse natural arch five miles downstream from town and through which the ancient Cumberland River once flowed.

Burnside, Kentucky
Burnside is a home rule-class city in Pulaski County, Kentucky, United States. As of the 2020 census, Burnside had a population of 694. In 2004, Burnside became the only town in Pulaski County or any adjoining county to allow the sale of alcoholic beverages in qualified establishments. Since then, Burnside has annexed about eight miles of shoreline along Lake Cumberland in order to include Lee's Ford Marina on Fishing Creek, allowing it to sell alcohol.

On August 28, 2007, Burnside voters again approved the sale of alcoholic beverages in restaurants that seat at least 100 people and derive at least 70% of their gross receipts from the sale of food, by a vote of 227–104. The petition for the election was started by two Pulaski County clergymen in an attempt to reverse Burnside's "moist" status.

On October 15, 2013, the City of Burnside voted to go fully "wet" by a count of 123–39.
Sheldon Jackson
Sheldon Jackson (May 18, 1834 – May 2, 1909) was a Presbyterian minister, missionary, and political leader. During this career he travelled about one million  miles (1.6 million km) and established more than one hundred missions and churches, mostly in the Western United States. He performed extensive missionary work in Colorado and the Alaska Territory, including his efforts to suppress Native American languages.

Territory of Alaska
The Territory of Alaska or Alaska Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States from August 24, 1912, until Alaska was granted statehood on January 3, 1959. The territory was previously Russian America, 1784–1867; the Department of Alaska, 1867–1884; and the District of Alaska, 1884–1912.
Novy Suyush
Novy Suyush (Russian: Новый Суюш; Bashkir: Яңы Сөйөш, Yañı Söyöş) is a rural locality (a village) in Kashkinsky Selsoviet, Askinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 127 as of 2010. There are 6 streets.

Askinsky District
Askinsky District (Russian: А́скинский райо́н; Bashkir: Асҡын районы, Asqın rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic. The area of the district is 2,542 square kilometers (981 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Askino. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 21,272, with the population of Askino accounting for 32.5% of that number.
Gregg Lowe
Gregg Lowe is a British-Canadian actor and voice artist.

Lowe is from Gorleston-on-Sea, Norfolk, and was educated at Cliff Park High School.

In 2015, Lowe collapsed at the finish line after running the Toronto Marathon. He was clinically dead for three minutes before being revived by student paramedics.

Lowe is an ambassador for the Ocean conservation society Sea Shepherd. In 2015, he was part of the campaign Operation Milagro.

Sea Shepherd Conservation Society
The Sea Shepherd Conservation Society (SSCS) is a non-profit, marine conservation activism organization based in Friday Harbor on San Juan Island, Washington, in the United States. Sea Shepherd employs direct action tactics to achieve its goals, most famously by deploying its fleet of ships to track, report on and actively impede the work of fishing vessels believed to be engaged in illegal and unregulated activities causing the unsustainable exploitation of marine life.

Sea Shepherd has been criticised by some environmental groups and national governments that oppose its tactics. The Japanese government, whose whaling industry is a leading target of the organization's efforts, has called Sea Shepherd eco-terrorists for "impeding their research".
Kentrell Brothers
Kentrell Brothers (born February 8, 1993) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Missouri Tigers and was selected by the Minnesota Vikings in the fifth round of the 2016 NFL draft.

Missouri Tigers football
The Missouri Tigers football program represents the University of Missouri (often referred to as Mizzou) in college football, the Tigers are members in Southeastern Conference (SEC) of the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).
Hedley Beare
Hedley Beare AM (28 November 1932 – 5 September 2010) was an Australian educator, administrator and author. He led the creation of the Northern Territory and ACT education systems. Beare wrote, co-wrote or edited 18 books and contributed 40 book chapters and hundreds of journal articles.  He delivered the 1986 Buntine Oration titled "Shared Meanings About Education: The Economic Paradigm Considered."

He was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in 2009.

Buntine Oration
The Buntine Oration is a biennial invited presentation and speech made at the conference of the Australian College of Educators (ACE).  It was established in 1960 by the four children of Dr Walter Murray Buntine who survived him – Dr R. M. Buntine, Dr M. A. Buntine, Dr R. D. Buntine, and Mrs. D. M. G. Wilson – in his memory.  The inaugural oration was given by Peter Karmel (who had, himself, attended Caulfield Grammar School from 1929 to 1939) in 1962 at the third annual ACE conference and the most recent was in 2008.
Lou Barletta
Louis John Barletta (born January 28, 1956) is an American businessman and politician who served as the U.S. representative for Pennsylvania's 11th congressional district from 2011 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party, he served as mayor of Hazleton, Pennsylvania, from 2000 to 2010.

As mayor, he came to prominence due to a high-profile immigration ordinance. During his tenure, he challenged longtime Democratic incumbent Paul Kanjorski of the 11th congressional district three times, eventually defeating him in 2010. Barletta was re-elected three times to serve in Congress.

In 2018, Barletta was the unsuccessful Republican nominee for the U.S. Senate, losing to Democratic incumbent Bob Casey Jr. by a 13-point margin in the general election. He also ran unsuccessfully in the 2022 Republican primary for governor of Pennsylvania, losing to Doug Mastriano.

Mayoralty in the United States
The structure of city governance in the United States determines the specific roles and powers of a mayor, leading to various types of mayoral positions. American mayors tend to be formally addressed as His or Her Honor while in office. It is uncommon for mayors of large cities to serve for extended periods, as many cities have term limits or arrange leadership changes with elections or alternative methods.
Xwalile
Xwalile was at one time the great wife of Lobengula, king of the Ndebele people in present-day Zimbabwe. The dates of her birth and death are unknown, but she is known to have lived at least from the 1870s to the 1890s.

Daughter of Mzila, king of the Gaza people, Xwalile married Lobengula in 1879; seven other Gaza royal women married him in the same ceremony, which was designed as an exchange of royal wives. Conflict over the payment of bridewealth soon caused trouble in the marriage, as did the fact that there was a dearth of Ndebele women who would marry Mzila in exchange. Furthermore, she proved to be infertile. Eventually Xwalile was forced to return home; she may in part have been driven away by witchcraft practiced against her by her sister-in-law Mncengence, who would be executed in 1880 for her behavior.

Gaza people
The Gaza were Nguni people who left what is now South Africa in 1889 and settled in Gazaland in what is now Southern Mozambique. An early leader was Soshangane (c. 1828), under whom they migrated somewhat further North to the Save River area.
Park Chan-jong (politician)
Park Chan-jong (Korean: 박찬종; Hanja: 朴燦鍾; born (1939-04-19)April 19, 1939) is a South Korean politician who served as a member of the 9th, 10th, 12th, 13th, and 14th National Assemblies. His art name, Udang (우당; 尤堂), is widely recognized in political and cultural circles.

Reunification Democratic Party
The Reunification Democratic Party (RDP; Korean: 통일민주당; lit. United Democratic Party) was a political party of South Korea from 1987 to 1990. The party was established in April 1987 by Kim Dae-jung and Kim Young-sam, splitting from the New Korean Democratic Party. The party faced another split later that year with Kim Dae-jung and his followers organizing Peace Democratic Party. The party later merged with conservative Democratic Justice Party and New Democratic Republican Party in January 1990. The party members who opposed the merger formed the Democratic Party. The party had strong support in the Southeastern region of the country, including the South Gyeongsang Province and the city of Busan.
Battle of Ramnagar
The Battle of Ramnagar (sometimes referred to as the Battle of Rumnuggur) was fought on 22 November 1848 between the forces of the British Empire (including the British East India Company) and the Sikh Empire during the Second Anglo-Sikh War. The British were led by Sir Hugh Gough, while the Sikhs were led by Raja Sher Singh Attariwalla. The Sikhs repelled an attempted British surprise attack.

Sher Singh Attariwala
Raja Sher Singh Attariwala, OBI was a military commander and a member of the Sikh nobility during the Sikh Empire in the mid-19th century in Punjab, and later served under the British during the Revolt of 1857.
Courtright
Courtright is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jennie Lee Courtright (1848–1925), American actress of the silent era

Jim Courtright (gunman) (1848–1887), American lawman, outlaw and gunfighter

Jim Courtright (athlete) (1914–2003), Canadian track and field athlete, Vice Principal of Queen's University

John Courtright (born 1970), American former Major League Baseball pitcher

Morris Courtright (1930–2010), American politician

Nick Courtright (born 1981), American poet

Ray Courtright (1891–1979), American football and baseball player and college coach of football, basketball, golf, and wrestling

William Courtright (1848–1933), American film actor

Milton Courtright Elliott (1879–1928), American lawyer and judge from Norfolk, Virginia

Morris Courtright
Morris "Court" Courtright Jr. (May 2, 1930 – May 29, 2010) was an American politician and a Roman Catholic priest.

Courtright was born in Saginaw, Michigan. He served in the United States Air Force, during the Korean War and the Vietnam War, and was commissioned a major. Courtright then moved to Flagstaff, Arizona after he retired from the United States Air Force, He went to Columbia Pacific University and taught at Northern Arizona University. Courtright was involved with broadcasting engineering and the crewed space flights. Courtright served in the Arizona House of Representatives from 1978 to 1983 and was a Republican. Courtright was ordained a nondenominational minister in 2003 and then was ordained a  Roman Catholic priest in 2006. Courtright served as an Arizona Wing Chaplain for the Civil Air Patrol. He died in Scottsdale, Arizona and was buried in the National Memorial Cemetery of Arizona, in Phoenix, Arizona.
Tim Callahan (American football)
John Timothy Callahan (March 29, 1895 – May 14, 1976) was an American football player and coach. He attended preparatory school at the Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, and then enrolled at Yale University.  He played college football at the guard position for the Yale Bulldogs in 1916 and 1919 to 1920, and was a consensus first-team selection on the 1920 College Football All-America Team.  His education at Yale was interrupted during World War I by service as a pilot in the Naval Aviation Corps.  He was stationed at Newport, Rhode Island, and later in South America, before being discharged in 1919.  Callahan was captain of the 1920 Yale Bulldogs football team while his brother Henry "Mike" Callahan was captain of the 1920 Princeton Tigers football team.

Andover, Massachusetts
Andover is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. It was settled in 1642 and incorporated in 1646. At the 2020 census, the population was 36,569. It is located 20 miles (32 km) north of Boston and 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Lawrence. Part of the town comprises the census-designated place of Andover. It is twinned with its namesake: Andover, Hampshire, England.
Grassmann graph
In graph theory, Grassmann graphs are a special class of simple graphs defined from systems of subspaces. The vertices of the Grassmann graph Jq(n, k) are the k-dimensional subspaces of an n-dimensional vector space over a finite field of order q; two vertices are adjacent when their intersection is (k − 1)-dimensional.

Many of the parameters of Grassmann graphs are q-analogs of the parameters of Johnson graphs, and Grassmann graphs have several of the same graph properties as Johnson graphs.

Graph property
In graph theory, a graph property or graph invariant is a property of graphs that depends only on the abstract structure, not on graph representations such as particular labellings or drawings of the graph.
James Joule Medal and Prize
The James Joule Medal and Prize is awarded by the Institute of Physics. It was established in 2008, and was named in honour of James Prescott Joule, British physicist and brewer. The award is made for distinguished contributions to applied physics. The medal is silver and is accompanied by a prize of £1000.

The medal gained international recognition in 2018 when it was awarded to Sri Lankan scientist Ravi Silva of University of Surrey, whose work in part led to the establishment of the Sri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology (SLINTec).

James Prescott Joule
James Prescott Joule (/dʒuːl/; 24 December 1818 –  11 October 1889) was an English physicist. Joule studied the nature of heat and discovered its relationship to mechanical work. This led to the law of conservation of energy, which in turn led to the development of the first law of thermodynamics. The SI unit of energy, the joule (J), is named after him.

He worked with Lord Kelvin to develop an absolute thermodynamic temperature scale, which came to be called the Kelvin scale. Joule also made observations of magnetostriction, and he found the relationship between the current through a resistor and the heat dissipated, which is also called Joule's first law. His experiments about energy transformations were first published in 1843.
Nazir Ahmed, Baron Ahmed
Nazir Ahmed, Baron Ahmed (Urdu: نذیر احمد; born 24 April 1957), is a British former politician. As a member of the Labour Party, he was appointed a life peer in 1998.

Ahmed faced expulsion from the House of Lords in 2020 on account of sexually exploiting a woman who had approached him in 2017 in his capacity as a member of the House, and resigned from the House after a recommendation of its Conduct Committee that he be expelled, but before it was implemented. However, he continues to be a life peer, although not a member of the House.

On 5 January 2022 he was found guilty of historical sex offences, committed when he was a teenager, being the attempted rape of a child under 13 years of age and sexual assault of another.

He was sentenced to five years and six months in prison, reduced on appeal to two years and six months.

Rotherham
Rotherham (/ˈrɒðərəm/ ⓘ RODH-ər-əm) is a market town in South Yorkshire, England. It lies at the confluence of the River Rother, from which the town gets its name,  and the River Don. It is the largest settlement of the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham.

Before the Industrial Revolution, traditional industries included farming, glass making and flour milling. In the late 18th and 19th centuries, Rotherham became known for its coal mining and, later, steel industries. The town's historic county is Yorkshire, and Rotherham was once part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. In 1974, this administrative county was abolished during a reorganisation of local government. Subsequently, Rotherham became part of the county of South Yorkshire, where it makes up one of four metropolitan boroughs.

Rotherham had a population of 109,691 in the 2011 census. The borough had a 2024 population of 276,595, the 64th most populous district in England.
Domaine Ramonet-Prudhon
Domaine Ramonet-Prudhon is a white French Wine producer growing Chardonnay grapes in the Grand Cru vineyard of Batard-Montrachet in Burgundy. Steven Spurrier selected the Batard-Montrachet Ramonet-Prudhon 1973 for the historic Judgment of Paris wine competition, in which it was ranked seventh among ten French and California wines. The wine also competed in the Great Chardonnay Showdown held in 1980.

Steven Spurrier (wine merchant)
Steven Spurrier (5 October 1941 – 9 March 2021) was a British wine expert and merchant who was described as a champion of French wine. Spurrier organised the Paris Wine Tasting of 1976, which unexpectedly elevated the status of California wine and promoted the expansion of wine production in the New World. He was the founder of the Academie du Vin and Christie's Wine Course, in addition to authoring and co-authoring several wine books.