hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hafgufa
Hafgufa (Old Norse: haf "sea" + Old Norse: gufa "steam"; "sea-reek"; "sea-steamer") is a sea creature, purported to inhabit Iceland's waters (Greenland Sea) and southward toward Helluland. Although it was thought to be a sea monster, research suggests that the stories originated from a specialized feeding technique among whales known as trap-feeding.

The hafgufa is mentioned in the mid-13th century Norwegian tract called the Konungs skuggsjá ("King's Mirror"). Later recensions of Örvar-Odds saga feature hafgufa and lyngbakr as similar but distinct creatures.

According to Norwegian didactic work, this creature uses its own vomit-like chumming-bait to gather prey-fish. In the Fornaldarsaga, the hafgufa is reputed to consume even whales or ships and men, though Oddr's ship merely sailed through its jaws above water, which appeared to be nothing more than rocks.

Saga
Sagas are prose stories and histories, composed in Iceland and to a lesser extent elsewhere in Scandinavia.

The most famous saga-genre is the sagas of Icelanders, which feature Viking voyages, migration to Iceland, and feuds between Icelandic families. However, sagas' subject matter is diverse, including pre-Christian Scandinavian legends; saints and bishops both from Scandinavia and elsewhere; Scandinavian kings and contemporary Icelandic politics; and chivalric romances either translated from Continental European languages or composed locally.

Sagas originated in the Middle Ages, but continued to be composed in the ensuing centuries. Whereas the dominant language of history-writing in medieval Europe was Latin, sagas were composed in the vernacular: Old Norse and its later descendants, primarily Icelandic.

While sagas are written in prose, they share some similarities with epic poetry, and often include stanzas or whole poems in alliterative verse embedded in the text.
Nabila Feroz Bhatti
Nabila Feroz Bhatti (Urdu: نبیلہ فیروز بھٹی; born 1967) is a Pakistani human rights defender, educationist, researcher, trainer, and columnist. She has worked with civil society organizations and advocacy networks in Pakistan for over three decades. Her writings focus on human rights and social justice, mainly for marginalized groups. She has been published  internationally in several different languages

Currently, she is a member of the Working Group on Minorities, established by the National Commission on the Rights of the Child, and serves on the National Council of the Peoples Commission for Minorities' Rights.  Previously, she was a member of the Executive Body of the Child Rights Movement (CRM) in Punjab.

Columnist
A columnist is a person who writes for publication in a series, creating an article that usually offers commentary and opinions. Columns appear in newspapers, magazines and other publications, including blogs. They take the form of a short essay by a specific writer who offers a personal point of view. Columns are sometimes written by a composite or a team, appearing under a pseudonym, or (in effect) a brand name. Columnists typically write daily or weekly columns. Some columns are later collected and reprinted in book form.
Crossmore (District Electoral Area)
Crossmore was one of the four district electoral areas in Armagh, Northern Ireland which existed from 1985 to 2014. The district elected five members to Armagh City and District Council, and formed part of the Newry and Armagh constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1985 local elections, replacing Armagh Area C which had existed since 1973, and contained the wards of Carriagatuke, Derrynoose, Keady, Killylea and Milford. It was abolished for the 2014 local elections and largely moved into the Armagh DEA.

1985 Armagh District Council election
Elections to Armagh District Council were held on 15 May 1985 on the same day as the other Northern Irish local government elections. The election used four district electoral areas to elect a total of 22 councillors.
2017 BNP Paribas de Nouvelle-Calédonie – Doubles
Julien Benneteau and Édouard Roger-Vasselin were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Quentin Halys and Tristan Lamasine won the title after defeating Adrián Menéndez-Maceiras and Stefano Napolitano 7–6(11–9), 6–1 in the final.

Quentin Halys
Quentin Halys (French pronunciation: [kɑ̃tɛ̃ alis]; born 26 October 1996) is a French professional tennis player. Halys has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 46 achieved on 30 June 2025 and a doubles ranking of No. 88 achieved on 23 February 2026. He has won one ATP Tour doubles title and seven in singles and seven in doubles on the ATP Challenger Tour.
Ion Campbell
Ion Percy FitzGerald Campbell OBE (25 November 1890 – 25 December 1963) was an English first-class cricketer active 1910–34 who played for Surrey. He was born in Palampur, Punjab, and died in Redgorton, Perthshire. He was educated at Repton School and Hertford College, Oxford. During World War I he was an officer in the Hampshire Regiment and was mentioned in despatches. He was appointed an officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1919 "for valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in Siberia."

Redgorton
Redgorton is a settlement in Gowrie, Perth and Kinross, Scotland. It lies a few miles from the River Tay and the A9 road, across the latter from Luncarty. It lies close to the Inveralmond Industrial Estate.
1993 Women's Lacrosse World Cup
The 1993 Women's Lacrosse World Cup was the fourth Women's Lacrosse World Cup and was played at Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh, Scotland from 7–14 August 1993. The United States defeated England in the final to win the tournament.

Heriot-Watt University
Heriot-Watt University (Scottish Gaelic: Oilthigh Heriot-Watt) is a public research university based in Edinburgh, Scotland. It was established in 1821 as the School of Arts of Edinburgh, the world's first mechanics' institute, and was subsequently granted university status by royal charter in 1966. It is the eighth-oldest higher education institution in the United Kingdom. The name Heriot-Watt was taken from Scottish inventor James Watt and Scottish philanthropist and goldsmith George Heriot.

The annual income of the institution for 2024–25 was £293.9 million of which £52.3 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £301.1 million. Known for its focus on science as well as engineering, it is one of the 23 colleges that were granted university status in the 1960s, and it is sometimes considered a plate glass university, like Lancaster and York.

The university has three campuses in Scotland and one each in the UAE and Malaysia.
Germantown School District
The Germantown School District is a school district that serves the Village of Germantown, Wisconsin, the Town of Germantown, and the towns of Jackson, Polk, Richfield, Hubertus, the unincorporated community of Colgate. The district served 3,835 students as of the 2024–25 school year.

Each school in the district has a building leadership team and a Parent-Teacher Association to promote learning. Students are encouraged to participate in extra-curricular activities, including music, sports, and academic programs.  The district motto is "Empower and Inspire Every Student to Success".

Polk, Wisconsin
Polk is a town in Washington County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 3,938 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated communities of Ackerville, Cedar Creek, Cedar Lake, Diefenbach Corners, Mayfield, and Rugby Junction are located in the town. The town derives its name from James K. Polk, 11th U.S. president, who was in office when the town incorporated in 1846.
104th Aero Squadron
The 104th Aero Squadron was an Air Service, United States Army unit that fought on the Western Front during World War I.

The squadron was assigned as a Corps Observation Squadron, performing short-range, tactical reconnaissance over the V Corps, United States First Army sector of the Western Front in France, providing battlefield intelligence. After the 1918 Armistice with Germany, the squadron returned to the United States in June 1919 and became part of the permanent United States Army Air Service in 1921, when it was redesignated as the 13th Squadron (Attack) .

The current United States Air Force unit which continues its lineage and history is the 13th Bomb Squadron, assigned to the 509th Operations Group at Whiteman Air Force Base, Missouri.

First Army (United States)
First Army is the oldest and longest-established field army of the United States Army. It served as a theater army, having seen service in both World War I and World War II, and supplied the US army with soldiers and equipment during the Korean War and the Vietnam War under some of the most famous and distinguished officers of the U.S. Army. It now serves as a mobilization, readiness and training command.
Red-bellied turtle
Red-bellied turtle can refer to several turtle species:

Pseudemys alabamensis, the Alabama red-bellied turtle

Pseudemys nelsoni, the Florida red-bellied turtle

Pseudemys rubriventris, the Northern red-bellied turtle

Red-bellied short-necked turtle, a species of turtle in the family Chelidae found in tropical Australia and Papua New Guinea

Red-bellied short-necked turtle
The red-bellied short-necked turtle (Emydura subglobosa), also known commonly as the pink-bellied side-necked turtle and the Jardine River turtle, is a species of turtle in the family Chelidae. The species is native to Australia and New Guinea. There are two recognized subspecies.
Francesco Scipione Maria Borghese
Francesco Scipione Maria Borghese (20 May 1697 − 21 June 1759) was an Italian cardinal from the Borghese family.  He was elevated to cardinal by Pope Benedict XIII in the consistory of 6 July 1729.

He died in Rome on 21 June 1759 and was buried in the Patriarchal Liberian Basilica.

Pope Benedict XIII
Pope Benedict XIII (Latin: Benedictus XIII; Italian: Benedetto XIII; 2 February 1649 – 21 February 1730), born Pietro Francesco (or Pierfrancesco) Orsini and later called Vincenzo Maria Orsini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 29 May 1724 to his death in February 1730.

A Dominican friar, Orsini focused on his religious responsibilities as bishop rather than on papal administration. Orsini's lack of political expertise led him to increasingly rely on an unscrupulous secretary (Cardinal Niccolò Coscia) whose financial abuses ruined the papal treasury, causing great damage to the Church in Rome.

In the process towards sainthood, his cause for canonization opened in 1755, but it was closed shortly afterwards. It was reopened on 21 February 1931, but it was closed once again in 1940. It was opened once more on 17 January 2004, with the official process commencing in 2012 and concluding later in 2017. He now has the posthumous title of Servant of God.
Hellmuth
Hellmuth is both a masculine German given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include:

Given name:

Hellmuth Heye (1895–1970), German admiral and politician

Hellmuth Hirth (1886–1938), German engineer who founded engine manufacturing companies

Hellmuth Karasek (1934–2015), German journalist, literary critic, novelist and author

Hellmuth Mäder (1908–1984), German general

Hellmuth von Mücke (1881–1957), German Navy officer, pacifist writer

Hellmuth Reymann (1892–1988), German Army officer

Hellmuth Walter (1900–1980), German engineer who pioneered research into rocket engines and gas turbines

Hellmuth Wolff (organ builder) (1937–2013), Canadian organ builder

Surname:

Isaac Hellmuth (1819–1901), founder of Huron University College and the University of Western Ontario

Otto Hellmuth (1896–1968), member of the Nazi party

George Francis Hellmuth (1907–1999), American architect based in St. Louis, Missouri

Phil Hellmuth (born 1964), American poker player

Hellmuth Walter
Hellmuth Walter (26 August 1900 – 16 December 1980) was a German engineer who pioneered research into rocket engines and gas turbines. His most noteworthy contributions were rocket motors for the Messerschmitt Me 163: 174  and Bachem Ba 349 interceptor aircraft, so-called Starthilfe jettisonable rocket propulsion units used for a variety of Luftwaffe aircraft during World War II, and a revolutionary new propulsion system for submarines known as air-independent propulsion (AIP).
Naked objects
Naked objects is an architectural pattern used in software engineering. It is defined by three principles:

The naked object pattern's innovative feature arises by combining the 1st and 2nd principles into a 3rd principle:

The naked objects pattern was first described formally in Richard Pawson's PhD thesis which includes investigation of antecedents and inspirations for the pattern including, for example, the Morphic user interface.

The first complete open source framework to have implemented the pattern was named Naked Objects. In 2021, Pawson announced that he had subsequently applied the same pattern to the Functional Programming programming paradigm, as an alternative to the object-oriented programming paradigm, creating a variant of the Naked Objects framework called Naked Functions.

Object-oriented programming
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on objects – software entities that encapsulate data and function(s). An OOP computer program consists of objects that interact with one another. An OOP language is one that provides object-oriented programming features, but as the set of features that contribute to OOP is contested, classifying a language as OOP – and the degree to which it supports OOP – is debatable. As paradigms are not mutually exclusive, a language can be multi-paradigm (i.e. categorized as more than only OOP).

Notable languages with OOP support include Ada, ActionScript, C++, Common Lisp, C#, Dart, Eiffel, Fortran 2003, Haxe, Java, JavaScript, Kotlin, Logo, MATLAB, Objective-C, Object Pascal, Perl, PHP, Python, R, Raku, Ruby, Scala, SIMSCRIPT, Simula, Smalltalk, Swift, Vala and Visual Basic (.NET).
Anax tristis
Anax tristis, the black emperor or magnificent emperor, is an African species of dragonfly in the family Aeshnidae. At up to about 120 mm (4.7 in) in total length and 135 mm (5.3 in) in wingspan, it is one of the world's largest dragonflies and the largest in Africa.

This common species has been recorded from much of sub-Saharan Africa, including Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Chad, Comoros, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, possibly Burundi, and possibly Ethiopia. It has been recorded once as a vagrant in the Maldives and in Oman. It is found at pools, waterholes, dams, marshes and other types of usually small, standing and temporary waters, generally in open habitats such as savannas but sometimes also in forest openings.

Vagrancy (biology)
Vagrancy is a phenomenon in biology whereby an individual animal (usually a bird) appears well outside its normal range; they are known as vagrants. The term accidental is sometimes also used. There are a number of poorly understood factors which might cause an animal to become a vagrant, including internal causes such as navigation errors (endogenous vagrancy)  and external causes such as severe weather (exogenous vagrancy). Vagrancy events may lead to colonisation and eventually to speciation.
St. Helenaville Archaeological Site
St. Helenaville Archaeological Site is a historic archeological site located on Saint Helena Island near Frogmore, Beaufort County, South Carolina. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

St. Helenaville was a small antebellum village and summer retreat located on the northeastern end of St. Helena Island. St. Helenaville was damaged by several major storms, which ultimately caused part of the village to fall into the sound. There is very little historical documentation of the village. Several remains of tabby and brick are evident.

Saint Helena Island (South Carolina)
St. Helena Island is a Sea Island in Beaufort County, South Carolina, United States. The island is connected to Beaufort by U.S. Highway 21. The island has a land area of about 64 sq mi (170 km2) and a population of 8,763 as of the 2010 census. It is included as part of the Hilton Head Island-Beaufort Micropolitan Area. The island is renowned for its rural Lowcountry character and being a major center of African-American Gullah culture and language. It is considered to be the geographic influence behind the children's television program Gullah Gullah Island.
Harold Land
Harold de Vance Land (December 18, 1928 – July 27, 2001) was an American hard bop and post-bop tenor saxophonist. Land developed his hard bop playing with the Max Roach/Clifford Brown band into a personal, modern style, often rivalling Clifford Brown's instrumental ability with his own inventive and whimsical solos. His tone was strong and emotional, yet hinted at a certain introspective fragility.

Hard bop
Hard bop is a subgenre of jazz that is an extension of bebop (or "bop") music. Journalists and record companies began using the term in the mid-1950s to describe a new current within jazz that incorporated influences from rhythm and blues, gospel music, and blues, especially in saxophone and piano playing.

David H. Rosenthal contends in his book Hard Bop that the genre is, to a large degree, the natural creation of a generation of African-American musicians who grew up at a time when bop and rhythm and blues were the dominant forms of black American music.: 24  Prominent hard bop musicians included Horace Silver, Clifford Brown, Charles Mingus, Art Blakey, Cannonball Adderley, Miles Davis, John Coltrane, Hank Mobley, Thelonious Monk, Lee Morgan, Wes Montgomery, Pat Martino and others.
Prothrombin time
The prothrombin time (PT) – along with its derived measures of prothrombin ratio (PR) and international normalized ratio (INR) – is an assay for evaluating the extrinsic pathway and common pathway of coagulation. This blood test is also called protime INR and PT/INR. They are used to determine the clotting tendency of blood, in conditions such as the measure of warfarin dosage, liver damage (cirrhosis), and vitamin K status. PT measures the following coagulation factors: I (fibrinogen), II (prothrombin), V (proaccelerin), VII (proconvertin), and X (Stuart–Prower factor).

PT is often used in conjunction with the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) which measures the intrinsic pathway and common pathway of coagulation.

Thrombin
Thrombin (factor IIa, EC 3.4.21.5) is a serine protease that converts fibrinogen into strands of insoluble fibrin, as well as catalyzing many other coagulation-related reactions.

Prothrombin (coagulation factor II) is encoded in the human by the F2 gene. It is proteolytically cleaved during the clotting process by the prothrombinase enzyme complex to form thrombin.
Prudential capital controls
Prudential capital controls are ways of financial regulation that aim to mitigate risk to the financial system as a whole, usually taking the form of residency-based measures such as transaction taxes, other limits, or outright prohibitions that a nation's government can use to regulate flows from capital markets into and out of the country's capital account. Prudential capital controls aim to mitigate systemic risk, reduce business cycle volatility, increase macroeconomic stability, and enhance social welfare.

Systemic risk
In finance, systemic risk is the risk of collapse of an entire financial system or entire market, as opposed to the risk associated with any one individual entity, group or component of a system, that can be contained therein without harming the entire system. It can be defined as "financial system instability, potentially catastrophic, caused or exacerbated by idiosyncratic events or conditions in financial intermediaries". It refers to the risks imposed by interlinkages and interdependencies in a system or market, where the failure of a single entity or cluster of entities can cause a cascading failure, which could potentially bankrupt or bring down the entire system or market. It is also sometimes erroneously referred to as "systematic risk".
Iriomote-Ishigaki National Park
Iriomote-Ishigaki National Park (西表石垣国立公園, Iriomote-Ishigaki Kokuritsu Kōen) is a national park in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. It is located on and around the Yaeyama Islands of the East China Sea.

The park was established in 1972 as Iriomote National Park (西表国立公園) and included the islands of Iriomote, Kohama, Kuro, and Taketomi. In August 2007 the protected area was extended to include Ishigaki Island.

The park is famous as the habitat of the Iriomote wild cat.

Yaeyama Islands
The Yaeyama Islands (八重山列島 Yaeyama-rettō, also 八重山諸島 Yaeyama-shotō, Yaeyama: Yaima, Yonaguni: Daama, Okinawan: Yeema, Northern Ryukyuan: やへま Yapema) are an archipelago in the southwest of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, and cover 591.46 square kilometres (228.36 mi2). The islands are located southwest of the Miyako Islands, part of the Ryukyu Islands archipelago. The Yaeyama Islands are the most remote part of Japan from the main islands and contain Japan's southernmost (Hateruma) and westernmost (Yonaguni) inhabited islands. The city of Ishigaki serves as the political, cultural, and economic center of the Yaeyama Islands.  On maps dating to the 1700s, the Yaeyama Group of Islands appears as the "Majico Sima Group", "Nambu-soto Islands", "Nambu Soto", and the "Taipin Islands".
West African Currency Board
The West African Currency Board was a bank of issue headquartered in London with a mandate to issue the British West African pound at par with the pound sterling, the currency of British West Africa. As such, it acted as the central bank for the British colonies of the Gambia, Sierra Leone, Gold Coast and Nigeria from its establishment in 1912 to the adoption by the newly independent countries of their own currencies. It was thus succeeded by the Bank of Ghana in 1958, Central Bank of Nigeria in 1959, Bank of Sierra Leone in 1964, and The Gambia Currency Board in 1965.

British West Africa
British West Africa was the collective name for British settlements in West Africa during the colonial period, either in the general geographical sense or the formal colonial administrative entity. British West Africa as a colonial entity was originally officially known as Colony of Sierra Leone and its Dependencies, then British West African Territories and finally British West African Settlements.

The United Kingdom held varying parts of these territories or the whole throughout the 19th century. From west to east, the colonies became the independent countries of The Gambia, Sierra Leone, Ghana and Nigeria. Until independence, Ghana was referred to as the Gold Coast.