hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mapopo Island
Mapopo Island (Kisiwa cha Mapopo, in Swahili) is an uninhabited island located in Zinga ward of Bagamoyo District in northern Pwani Region of Tanzania. Since there are many bats living on the island, the name of the island is derived from the Swahili word for bat.

Bagamoyo District, Pwani
Bagamoyo District (Wilaya ya Bagamoyo, in Swahili) is one of eight administrative districts of Pwani Region in Tanzania. The district covers an area of 945 km2 (365 sq mi). The district is surrounded by the Chalinze District to the north and west, the Zanzibar Channel to the east, the Kibaha District to the south, and the Kinondoni District to the south-east in the Dar es Salaam Region. The district is comparable in size to the land area of Turks and Caicos Islands.  The district capital is Bagamoyo. As of 2022, the population of Bagamoyo district is 205,478.
Schweigt stille, plaudert nicht, BWV 211
Schweigt stille, plaudert nicht (Be still, stop chattering), BWV 211, also known as the Coffee Cantata, is a secular cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach. He composed it probably between 1732 and 1735. Although classified as a cantata, it is essentially a miniature comic opera. In a satirical commentary, the cantata amusingly tells of an addiction to coffee.

Comic opera
Comic opera, sometimes known as light opera, is a sung dramatic work of a light or comic nature, usually with a happy ending and often including spoken dialogue.

Forms of comic opera first developed in late 17th-century Italy. By the 1730s, a new operatic genre, opera buffa, emerged as an alternative to opera seria. It quickly made its way to France, where it became opéra comique, and eventually, in the following century, French operetta, with Jacques Offenbach as its most accomplished practitioner.

The influence of Italian and French forms spread to other parts of Europe. Many countries developed their own genres of comic opera, incorporating the Italian and French models along with their own musical traditions. Examples include German singspiel, Viennese operetta, Spanish zarzuela, Russian comic opera, English ballad and Savoy opera, North American operetta and musical comedy.
Ankita Raina
Ankita Raina (born 11 January 1993) is an Indian tennis player. Since 2018, she has regularly been India's number one female player in singles and doubles.

Raina has won one title on the WTA Tour and one WTA 125 tournament (both in doubles), along with 11 singles and 30 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. In April 2018, she entered the top 200 in the singles rankings for the first time, becoming only the fifth player representing India to achieve this feat. Raina has also won gold medals in the women's singles and mixed-doubles events at the 2016 South Asian Games, and a bronze medal in singles at the 2018 Asian Games. Raina is one of only two women representing India who have won a WTA Tour-level title.

Playing for India Billie Jean King Cup team, Raina has a win–loss record of 33–29. She has notable wins over 2011 US Open champion Samantha Stosur, Wimbledon finalist Sabine Lisicki, former world No. 5 Sara Errani, and multiple doubles Grand Slam champion Barbora Strýcová.

2016 South Asian Games
The 2016 South Asian Games, officially the XII South Asian Games, is a major multi-sport event which took place from 5 February to 16 February 2016 in Guwahati and Shillong, India. A total of 2,672 athletes competed in 226 events over 22 sports. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the 2016 South Asian Games in Guwahati on 5 February 2016. India continued its dominance in the game's medal tally with a staggering 308 medals including 188 gold medals.
Dan Maluleke
Daniel Kapeni Maluleke (born 21 April 1943) is a retired South African politician who served in the National Assembly from 1999 to 2009, representing the Gauteng constituency. He was a member of the Democratic Party (DP), later the Democratic Alliance (DA), until September 2005, when he crossed the floor to the African National Congress (ANC). He is a former deputy chairperson of the DA.

Floor crossing (South Africa)
Floor crossing was a system introduced to the post-apartheid South African political system in 2002, under which members of Parliament, members of provincial legislatures and local government councillors could change political party (or form a new party) and take their seats with them when they did so. Floor crossing in South Africa was abolished in January 2009.
Legislative districts of Zambales
The legislative districts of Zambales are the representations of the province of Zambales and the highly urbanized city of Olongapo in the various national legislatures of the Philippines. The province and the city are currently represented in the lower house of the Congress of the Philippines through their first and second congressional districts.

Interim Batasang Pambansa
The Interim Batasang Pambansa (IBP; English: Interim National Assembly) was the legislature of the Republic of the Philippines from its inauguration on June 12, 1978, to June 5, 1984. It served as a transitional legislative body mandated by the 1973 Constitution as the Philippines shifted from a presidential to a semi-presidential form of government.

The IBP was preceded by the Interim National Assembly that briefly was the de jure body established in the original text of the 1973 Constitution, was never convened and effectively superseded by a series of nine constitutional amendments ratified through a referendum plebiscite held from October 16 to 17, 1976.
Frosted tips
Frosted tips refers to a hairstyle in which the hair is cut short and formed into short spikes with hair gel or hair spray. The hair is bleached such that the tips of each spike will be pale blond, usually in contrast to the wearer's main hair color.

Frosted tips were prominent throughout the late 1990s and early 2000s.

Notable people who wore frosted tips include Eddie Guerrero, Justin Berfield, Lance Bass, Steven Bradbury, Aaron Carter, Zac Efron, Guy Fieri, Joe Jonas, Mark McGrath, and Justin Timberlake.

Other variants, such as inverted or "thawed" tips, where dark highlights are applied to the gelled ends of the person's hair that is otherwise heavily bleached.

Justin Berfield
Justin Tyler Berfield (born February 25, 1986) is an American writer, producer and actor. He is known for his portrayals of Reese on the family sitcom Malcolm in the Middle and Ross Malloy on The WB sitcom Unhappily Ever After. As of 2010, Berfield is Chief Creative Officer of Virgin Produced, a film and television development, packaging, and production company announced in 2010 by the Virgin Group.
Alberta Eugenics Board
The Alberta Eugenics Board was an agency created by the Alberta government in 1928 that attempted to impose sterilization on a disabled subset of its population, in accordance with the principles of eugenics. It remained active until 1972, when it was dissolved.

Government of Alberta
The Government of Alberta (French: gouvernement de l'Alberta) is the body responsible for the administration of the Canadian province of Alberta. In modern Canadian use, the term Government of Alberta refers specifically to the executive—political ministers of the Crown (the Cabinet/Executive Council) who are appointed on the advice of the premier. Ministers direct the non-partisan civil service, who staff ministries and agencies to deliver government policies, programs, and services. The executive corporately brands itself as the Government of Alberta, or more formally, His Majesty's Government of Alberta (French: Gouvernement de l’Alberta de Sa Majesté).

Alberta operates in the Westminster system of government. The political party or coalition that wins the largest number of seats in the legislature forms government, and the party's leader becomes premier of Alberta and ministers are selected by the premier.
Anneke Rankila
Anneke Rankila (née Linser, born November 10, 1999) is an American ice hockey forward for the Toronto Sceptres of the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL). Under her birth name, Anneke Linser, she played college ice hockey for five seasons at the University of Minnesota Duluth (UMD), and participated in U18 international play for USA Hockey's national women's team. After her graduation from UMD, she played for Djurgårdens IF in the Swedish Women's Hockey League (SDHL) in the 2023–2024 season, prior to being drafted by Toronto in the sixth round of the 2024 PWHL Draft.

Toronto Sceptres
The Toronto Sceptres are a professional ice hockey team based in Toronto that competes in the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL). They are one of the six charter franchises of the league. The team plays its home games at Coca-Cola Coliseum. Toronto topped the standings in the league's inaugural regular season.
Musical saw
A musical saw, also called a singing saw, is a hand saw used as a musical instrument. Capable of continuous glissando (portamento), the sound creates an ethereal tone, very similar to the theremin. The musical saw is classified as a plaque friction idiophone with direct friction (132.1) under the Hornbostel-Sachs system of musical instrument classification and as a metal sheet played by friction (151) under the revision of the Hornbostel-Sachs classification by the MIMO Consortium.

Portamento
In music, portamento (pl.: portamenti; from old portamento, meaning 'carriage' or 'carrying'), also known by its French name glissade, is a pitch sliding from one note to another. The term originated from the Italian expression portamento della voce ('carriage of the voice'), denoting from the beginning of the 17th century its use in vocal performances and emulation by members of the violin family and certain wind instruments, and is sometimes used interchangeably with anticipation. It is also applied to one type of glissando on, e.g., slide trombones, as well as to the "glide" function of steel guitars and synthesizers.
Assassination of Wallenstein
The Assassination of Albrecht von Wallenstein was the culmination of an internal purge in the army of the Holy Roman Empire. On 25 February 1634, a group of Irish and Scottish officers acting under the approval of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, assassinated generalissimo Albrecht von Wallenstein and a group of his companions in the town of Eger (today's Cheb, Czech Republic). The assassins were equated to executioners by a royal decree and rewarded with property confiscated from the families of their victims. The purge continued through the persecution of other high-ranking military personnel who were seen as Wallenstein's supporters.

Generalissimo
Generalissimo (/ˌdʒɛn(ə)rəˈlɪsɪmoʊ/ JEN-(ə-)rə-LIS-ih-moh), also generalissimus, is a military rank of the highest degree, superior to field marshal and other five-star ranks in the states where they are used.
David Folkenflik
David Folkenflik (born September 15, 1969) is an American reporter based in New York City and serving as media correspondent for NPR. He was also one of the hosts of NPR and WBUR-FM's On Point. His work primarily appears on the NPR news programs Morning Edition and All Things Considered.  He also appeared regularly on the "Media Circus" segment on the former Talk of the Nation.

Talk of the Nation
Talk of the Nation (TOTN) 
is an American talk radio program based in Washington D.C., produced by National Public Radio (NPR) that was broadcast nationally from 2 to 4 p.m. Eastern Time. It focused on current events and controversial issues.

The show began broadcasting in November 1991. It was hosted by Neal Conan from late 2001 to June 27, 2013, the program's last day on air. Each episode featured guests discussing current affairs. Past regular hosts have included John Hockenberry, Ray Suarez, and Juan Williams. On Fridays Ira Flatow hosted Science Friday, with discussion topics from science and technology. The program invited listeners to pose questions for the guest host or hosts by telephone or e-mail.

On March 29, 2013, NPR announced that it would cease production of TOTN at the end of June, replacing it with an expanded version of Here and Now, an NPR/WBUR-FM co-production.

Science Friday continued as an independent show.
Urama Chausuyama Kofun
Urama Chausuyama Kofun (浦間茶臼山古墳)  is a Kofun period burial mound located in the Urama neighborhood of Higashi-ku, Okayama,  Okayama Prefecture, in the San'yō region of Japan. The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1974. It is believed to have been built at the end of the 3rd century in the early Kofun period. It is one of the oldest large keyhole-shaped burial mounds in ancient Kingdom of Kibi.

Higashi-ku, Okayama
Higashi-ku (東区) is one of four wards of Okayama, Okayama Prefecture, Japan. The ward has an area of 160.28 km2 and a population of 96,718. The population density is 603 per km2. The name means "East Ward."

The wards of Okayama were established when Okayama became a city designated by government ordinance on April 1, 2009.
Kwitajny
Kwitajny [kfiˈtai̯nɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pasłęk, within Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

The village of Quittainen was a part of East Prussia. The estate of the same name was held by the East Prussian noble family Dönhoff until 1945, when its last overseer, Marion Gräfin Dönhoff, fled from the advancing Red Army on horseback. Ms. Dönhoff, who had been active in the conspiracy against Hitler, eventually became publisher of the liberal weekly Die Zeit.

The village, like the rest of southern East Prussia, was awarded by the winning coalition in World War II to Poland and taken from Germany following the Potsdam Conference, and its name was Polonized as Kwitajny.

Die Zeit
Die Zeit (German pronunciation: [diː ˈtsaɪt], lit. 'The Time') is a German national weekly newspaper published in Hamburg in Germany. The newspaper is generally considered to be among the German newspapers of record and is known for its long and extensive articles.
Kongsfjorden Bird Sanctuary
Kongsfjorden Bird Sanctuary (Norwegian: Kongsfjorden fuglereservat) is a 140 ha bird reserve at Svalbard, Norway, established in 1973. It includes islands and islets in Kongsfjorden, Haakon VII Land. It lies at the inner end of the fjord and consists of about ten islands, mainly covered with grassy vegetation and having small freshwater ponds. The fjord is surrounded by steep mountains, cliffs, glaciers and tundra. The reserve has been recognised as a wetland of international importance by designation under the Ramsar Convention. It has also been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International. It supports breeding populations of pink-footed and barnacle geese, common and king eiders, long-tailed ducks, purple sandpipers, red phalaropes, glaucous gulls, long-tailed jaegers and snow buntings. Ivory gulls have been recorded.

Purple sandpiper
The purple sandpiper (Calidris maritima) is a small shorebird in the sandpiper family Scolopacidae. This is a hardy sandpiper that breeds in the arctic and subarctic regions of Eurasia and North America and winters further south on the Atlantic coast.
Xutang Zhiyu
Xutang Zhiyu 虚堂智愚 (Japanese Kido Chigu, nickname Sokkō) (1185–1269) was a Chinese Chan-monk who gave dharma-transmission to Nanpo Shōmyō (1235–1308), the founder of the Japanese Rinzai Zen Ōtōkan-lineage. His style of koan practice was admired and emulated by Hakuin Ekaku, and today it's the only existing line of dharma-transmission in Japanese Rinzai Zen.

Koan
A kōan (/ˈkoʊæn, -ɑːn/ KOH-a(h)n; Japanese: 公案; Chinese: 公案; pinyin: gōng'àn [kʊ́ŋ ân]; Korean: 화두; Vietnamese: công án) is a story, dialogue, question, or statement from Chinese Chan Buddhist lore, supplemented with commentaries, that is used in Chan, Zen, Seon and Thiền Buddhist practice in different ways. The main goal of kōan practice in Zen is to achieve kenshō (Chinese: jianxing 見性), to see or observe one's buddha-nature.

Extended study of kōan literature as well as meditation (zazen) on a kōan is a major feature of modern Rinzai Zen. They are also studied in the Sōtō school of Zen to a lesser extent. In Chinese Chan and Korean Seon Buddhism, meditating on a huatou, a key phrase of a kōan, is also a major Zen meditation method.
Guptill
Guptill is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ernest Wilmot Guptill (1919–1976), Canadian physicist

Martin Guptill (born 1986), New Zealand cricketer

Michael Guptill-Bunce (born 1989), New Zealand cricketer, cousin of Martin

Nancy Guptill (1941–2020), Canadian politician

Scott D. Guptill (1889–1949), Canadian politician

Stephen Guptill, American journalist and elderly advocate

Scott D. Guptill
Scott Darrell Guptill (May 16, 1889 – February 24, 1949) was a Canadian politician. He served in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick as member of the Conservative party representing Charlotte County from 1912 to 1935.
Piz Vatgira
Piz Vatgira (2,982 m (9,783 ft)) is a mountain of the Lepontine Alps and part of the extended Saint-Gotthard Massif, located south of Sedrun in the canton of Graubünden. The mountain lies between the valleys of Nalps and Medel, about halfway between Lai da Nalps and Lai da Sontga Maria. On its east side is a small glacier ending in the lake named Lai Verd (2,702 m).

Piz Vatgira, or more precisely a lower 2,981 metre-high summit 350 metres south of the main summit, lies exactly above the Gotthard Base Tunnel, at its deepest point. The tunnel, the longest and deepest in the world, runs 2,450 metres (8,040 ft) below the ground. Piz Vatgira is the highest of the three main peaks above the base tunnel, the other two being the Chrüzlistock and Pizzo dell'Uomo.

Lepontine Alps
The Lepontine Alps (German: Lepontinische Alpen, French: Alpes lépontines, Italian: Alpi Lepontine) are a mountain range in the north-western part of the Alps. They are located in Switzerland (Valais, Ticino, Uri and Graubünden) and Italy (Piedmont and Lombardy).

The Simplon rail tunnel (from Brig to Domodossola), the Gotthard rail (from Erstfeld to Bodio) and Gotthard road tunnels (from Andermatt to Airolo) and the San Bernardino road tunnel are important transport arteries.

The eastern portion of the Lepontine Alps, from the St Gotthard Pass to the Splügen Pass, is named the Adula Alps, while the western part is historically referred to as the Ticino Alps.
Geogarypus longidigitatus
Geogarypus longidigitatus is a species of pseudoscorpion in the family Geogarypidae. It was first described in 1897 by Australian arachnologist William Joseph Rainbow. Subsequently, several other described species were synonymised with it by Mark Harvey.

Arachnology
Arachnology (from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study") is the scientific study of arachnids, which comprise spiders and related invertebrates such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, ticks, and mites. Those who study spiders and other arachnids are arachnologists. More narrowly, the study of spiders alone (order Araneae) is known as araneology.

The word "arachnology" from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study". The Ancient Greek word for "spider" itself refers to Arachne, the female protagonist of an ancient tale of the Greek Mythology.
Callison (surname)
Callison is a surname. Notable people with this name include:

Brian Callison (born 1934), British novelist

Candis Callison, Canadian journalist

Cassie Callison, fictional character on US soap opera One Life to Live

Charles Callison (born 1994), American basketball player

Johnny Callison (1939–2006), American baseball player

Preston Callison (1923–2022), American attorney and politician

Prink Callison (1899–1986), American football player

Zach Callison (born 1997), American actor, voice actor and singer

Candis Callison
Candis Callison is a Canadian environmental journalist and academic of journalism, who works as an associate professor at the University of British Columbia (UBC), affiliated both with the School of Journalism, Writing, and Media and the Institute for Critical Indigenous Studies at UBC.
Sinocyclocheilus yimenensis
Sinocyclocheilus yimenensis (common name: Yimen golden-line barbel) is a species of cave fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is endemic to Yunnan province in southern China. Its specific name yimenensis refers to the Yimen County where its type locality is.

Yimen County
Yimen County (simplified Chinese: 易门县; traditional Chinese: 易門縣; pinyin: Yìmén Xiàn) is a county in the central part of Yunnan Province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Yuxi.
Feldhauptmann
The Feldhauptmann (plural: Feldhauptleute) was a historical military appointment, during the time of the Landsknechte or mercenaries in European warfare, who commanded a Fähnlein, a unit of roughly battalion-size. A literal translation is "field captain".

The commander of a regiment, who initially still commanded his own Fähnlein, was designated as the Obristfeldhauptmann ("senior field captain"), the most senior of the Feldhauptleute in the regiment. Orally this was abbreviated to Obrist, the equivalent of "colonel" (likewise the rank of general arose from Generalobrist.)

Georg von Frundsberg, but later Tilly and Wallenstein as well, were often referred to by their contemporaries as Feldhauptleute.

In Rome in the Middle Ages there were Feldhauptleute, the so-called capitani. See also Generalkapitän.

Georg von Frundsberg
Georg von Frundsberg (24 September 1473 – 20 August 1528) was a German military and Landsknecht leader in the service of the Holy Roman Empire and Imperial House of Habsburg. An early modern proponent of infantry tactics, he established his reputation in active service during the Italian Wars under Emperor Maximilian I and his successor Charles V.  Even in his lifetime, he was referred to as "Vater der Landsknechte" (Father of the Landsknechte) and legends about him as the patriarchal figure of the Landsknechte or his incredible physical strength surfaced. He achieved great prestige and fame for his role in the Habsburg victory at Pavia against France and during the war of the League of Cognac.
August Schenk
Joseph August Schenk (17 April 1815, in Hallein – 30 March 1891, in Leipzig) was an Austrian-born, German botanist and paleobotanist.

In 1837 he obtained his medical doctorate from the University of Munich, followed by studies in botany at the Universities of Erlangen, Berlin and Vienna. In 1840 he earned his PhD in botany at Munich and during the following year, received his habilitation for botany with the dissertation "Genera et species Cyperacearum, quae in regno Graeco, archipelago et in insulis". From 1850 to 1868, he was a full professor of botany at the University of Würzburg, followed by a professorship at the University of Leipzig (1868 to 1887), where he was a successor to Georg Heinrich Mettenius. At Leipzig, he was also director of its botanical gardens.

The genus Schenkia (family Gentianaceae) was named in honor by August Grisebach in 1853.

Gentianaceae
Gentianaceae is a family of flowering plants of 105 genera and about 1650 species. Species in this family inhabit every continent except the antarctic, and have been used around the world for centuries as traditional medicine.