hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alfred Fairbank
Alfred John Fairbank CBE (12 July 1895 – 14 March 1982) was a British calligrapher, palaeographer and author on handwriting.

Fairbank was a founding member of the Society of Scribes and Illuminators in 1921, and later became its honourable secretary. He was involved in the foundation of the Society for Italic Handwriting in 1952; his work and 1932 textbook A Handwriting Manual were influential on the italic script handwriting taught in British schools. His portrait was painted by Anna Hornby. For Penguin Books he wrote A Book of Scripts, on handwriting styles.

Fairbank was a civil servant who spent his professional career working at the Admiralty in London and Bath; he retired to Hove on the south coast and lectured at what is now the University of Brighton after his retirement. Fragments from medieval manuscripts collected by Alfred Fairbank are located at the Cadbury Research Library of the University of Birmingham.

Society of Scribes & Illuminators
The Society of Scribes & Illuminators is an organisation dedicated to the promotion and development of the arts of calligraphy and illumination. It organises exhibitions and lectures on subjects related to its fields of interest.

The SSI was founded in the United Kingdom in 1921 by former students of leading calligrapher Edward Johnston. It initially had 50 members; in 1925, three quarters of the members were women.  Membership is opened to professionals in the field as well as interested amateurs.

The Society held its first exhibition in 1922 at the Brook Street Art Gallery, and a display of members' work was included in the British Empire Exhibition in 1924.

Members who have reached a particularly high standard of work may be elected as Fellows of the Society, and are entitled (provided their subscription has not lapsed) to use the post-nominal FSSI.
Siamese cascade frog
The Siamese cascade frog or spotted-snout frog (Wijayarana melasma) is a species of frogs in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to western and northern Thailand and known from Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Kiri Khan, and Chiang Mai Provinces.

Prachuap Khiri Khan province
Prachuap Khiri Khan (Thai: ประจวบคีรีขันธ์, pronounced [prā.tɕùap kʰīː.rīː kʰǎn]) is one of the western provinces (changwat) of Thailand. It is in the northern part of the Malay Peninsula, some 240 km (149 mi) south of Bangkok. Neighboring provinces include Phetchaburi to the north and Chumphon to the south. To the west, it borders Tanintharyi Region of Myanmar.
Federal University, Birnin Kebbi
Federal University, Birnin Kebbi is a university based in Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria. It was established on 18 February 2013, alongside Gusau and Gashua by the Federal Republic of Nigeria under the leadership of President Goodluck Ebele Jonathan, GCFR, in line with the policy of the Government for establishing a Federal University in each of the states that did not have one across the federation.

Goodluck Jonathan
Goodluck Ebele Azikiwe Jonathan Listenⓘ GCFR GCON (born 20 November 1957) is a Nigerian politician who served as the president of Nigeria from 2010 to 2015. He lost the 2015 presidential election to former military head of state General Muhammadu Buhari and was the first incumbent president in Nigerian history to lose re-election.

Previously, Jonathan served as the vice president of Nigeria from 2007 to 2010 under the administration of Umaru Musa Yar'Adua; and in oil-rich Bayelsa State as governor from 2005 to 2007, and deputy governor from 1999 to 2005. In 2015, Jonathan became the first Nigerian president to concede election defeat. It allowed the transfer of power to the opposition party in Africa's biggest democracy—a country that had hitherto experienced vote-rigging and violence.
Tricky Woo
Tricky Woo was a Canadian garage punk band, based in Montreal. The "classic lineup" of the band consisted of vocalist and guitarist Andrew Dickson, guitarist Adrian Popovich, bass guitarist Eric Larock and drummer Patrick Conan. Tricky Woo released music on Sonic Unyon, Estrus Records, TeePee Records, Triple X Records, Mag Wheel, Yeah Right! Records, and Last Gang.

According to Julian Cope's Head Heritage site: "Unfortunately, the band became the victim of bad timing. They were doing pure unadulterated MC5/Stooges style rock a few years before the press in the U.K. gave attention to bands like The Datsuns and The Hives in the early 2000s."

Sonic Unyon
Sonic Unyon is an independent record label based in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.  The label has put out releases by bands including Sianspheric, Shallow North Dakota, Eric's Trip, Hayden, Treble Charger, Chore, Frank Black and the Catholics, Teenage Head, Simply Saucer, and Voivod. The label’s current artist roster includes Big Wreck, Danko Jones, The Strumbellas, and Terra Lightfoot.
Nazi propaganda and the United Kingdom
Nazi propaganda towards the United Kingdom changed its position over time in keeping with Anglo-German relations. Prior to 1938, as the Nazi regime attempted to court the British into an alliance, Nazi propaganda praised the "Aryan" character of the British people and the British Empire. However, as Anglo-German relations deteriorated, and the Second World War broke out, Nazi propaganda vilified the British as oppressive German-hating plutocrats. During the war, it accused "perfidious Albion" of war crimes and sought to drive a wedge between Britain and France.

Carl Peters (film)
Carl Peters is a 1941 German historical drama film directed by Herbert Selpin and starring Hans Albers, Karl Dannemann, and Fritz Odemar. It was produced as an anti-British propaganda film during the Second World War.

Albers portrays the titular German colonial leader. Bayume Mohamed Husen plays his native guide.

The art director Fritz Maurischat worked on the film's sets. It was shot at the Bavaria Studios in Munich and the Barrandov Studios in Prague.
May 1956 lunar eclipse
A partial lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Thursday, May 24, 1956, with an umbral magnitude of 0.9647. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A partial lunar eclipse occurs when one part of the Moon is in the Earth's umbra, while the other part is in the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring about 4.3 days before apogee (on May 28, 1956, at 22:10 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.

This lunar eclipse was the first of an almost tetrad, with the others being on November 18, 1956 (total); May 13, 1957 (total); and November 7, 1957 (total).

This was the first eclipse of the last partial set in Lunar Saros 120.

Tetrad (astronomy)
In astronomy, a tetrad is a set of four total lunar eclipses within two consecutive years.

The frequency of tetrads varies by century with the frequency of total lunar eclipses. This repeating cycle is called a tetradia. See Eclipse cycle for more information.
Palophinae
Palophinae is a subfamily of the stick insect family Diapheromeridae. They belong to the superfamily Anareolatae of suborder Verophasmatodea.

Altogether about 20 species of Palophinae are known to date. They have a relictual distribution and are endemic to the southern Africa, with one occurring as far north as the Gulf of Guinea.

Gulf of Guinea
The Gulf of Guinea (French: Golfe de Guinée; Spanish: Golfo de Guinea; Portuguese: Golfo da Guiné) is the northeasternmost part of the tropical Atlantic Ocean from Cape Lopez in Gabon, north and west to Cape Palmas in Liberia. Null Island, defined as the intersection of the Equator and Prime Meridian (zero degrees latitude and longitude), is in the gulf.

Among the many rivers that drain into the Gulf of Guinea are the Niger and the Volta. The coastline on the gulf includes the Bight of Benin and the Bight of Bonny.
Waccamaw River
The Waccamaw River is a river, approximately 140 miles (225 km) long, in southeastern North Carolina and eastern South Carolina in the United States. It drains an area of approximately 1,110 square miles (2886 km2) in the coastal plain along the eastern border between the two states into the Atlantic Ocean. Along its upper course, it is a slow-moving, blackwater river surrounded by vast wetlands, passable only by shallow-draft watercraft such as canoe. Along its lower course, it is lined by sandy banks and old plantation houses, providing an important navigation channel with a unique geography, flowing roughly parallel to the coast.

Coastal plain
A coastal plain (also coastal plains, coastal lowland, coastal lowlands) is an area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a sea coast. A fall line commonly marks the border between a coastal plain and an upland area.
Sakri Assembly constituency
Sakri Assembly constituency is one of the 288 Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra state in western India. This constituency is located in Dhule district and it is reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes.

Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
The Maharashtra Legislative Assembly (ISO: Mahārāṣṭra Vidhānasabhā) is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of Maharashtra state in western India. It consists of 288 members directly elected from single-seat constituencies. The Assembly meets at Vidhan Bhavan in Mumbai, though the winter session is held in Nagpur. Along with the Maharashtra Legislative Council, it constitutes the legislature of Maharashtra. The presiding officer of the Assembly is the Speaker. Members of the Assembly are directly elected by the people of Maharashtra through elections held every five years, unless the Assembly is dissolved earlier. The current Assembly was elected in November 2024.
2010 Seguros Bolívar Open Pereira – Doubles
João Souza and Víctor Estrella were the defending champions, but Estrella chose to compete in León instead. Souza partnered up with Leonardo Tavares, but they lost against Sebastián Decoud and Carlos Salamanca in the first round.
Dominik Meffert and Philipp Oswald won in the final 6–7(4), 7–6(6), [10–5], against Gero Kretschmer and Alex Satschko

Philipp Oswald
Philipp Oswald (German pronunciation: [ˈfiːlɪp ˈʔɔsvalt]; born 23 January 1986) is an Austrian former professional tennis player who primarily played doubles events on the ATP Tour. On 7 December 2009, he reached his highest ATP singles ranking of world No. 206, and his highest doubles ranking of No. 31 was reached on 21 June 2021. In 2021, he participated in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics partnering with Oliver Marach.

In July 2024, Oswald retired from professional tennis and made his final appearance at the 2024 Generali Open Kitzbühel.
Ofner
Ofner is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Harald Ofner (born 1932), Austrian lawyer and politician for the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ)

Katrin Ofner (born 1990), Austrian freestyle skier

Klaus Ofner (born 1968), Austrian nordic combined skier

Sebastian Ofner (born 1996), Austrian tennis player

Sebastian Ofner
Sebastian Ofner (born 12 May 1996) is an Austrian professional tennis player. He has a career high ATP singles ranking of World No. 37 achieved on 8 January 2024. He is currently the No. 2 Austrian player.
Ravangla
Rabong or Ravangla is a small town with an elevation of 8000 feet located, near Namchi City in the Namchi district  of the Indian state of Sikkim. It is connected by state highway to other major towns in the state and lies between Namchi,  Pelling and Gangtok. It is the starting point for the trek to Maenam Wildlife Sanctuary. It is approximately 65 km from the state capital, Gangtok, and 120 km from Siliguri, West Bengal. The name is derived from the Sikkimese language. ‘Ra’ means wild sheep, 'vong' translates to a rearing place, and ‘la’ means a pass.

Sikkimese Bhutia language
The Sikkimese Bhutia language (Tibetan: འབྲས་ལྗོངས་སྐད་, Wylie: 'bras ljongs skad, THL: dren jong ké, Tibetan pronunciation: [ɖɛ̀n dʑòŋ ké]; 'rice valley language') is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by the Bhutia people of the Indian state of Sikkim and parts of Koshi province in eastern Nepal, and Bhutan. It is one of the official languages of Sikkim.

The Bhutia refer to their own language as Drendzongké (also spelled Drenjongké, Dranjoke, Denjongka, Denzongpeke or Denzongke) and their homeland as Drendzong (Tibetan: འབྲས་ལྗོངས་, Wylie: 'bras-ljongs, 'Rice Valley'). Up until 1975, Sikkimese was not a written language. After gaining Indian statehood, the language was introduced as a school subject in Sikkim and the written language was developed.
Adela of Normandy
Adela of Normandy, of Blois, or of England (c. 1067 – 8 March 1137), also known as Saint Adela in the Catholic Church, was a daughter of William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders. She later became the countess of Blois, Chartres, and Meaux by marriage to Stephen II of Blois. Her husband greatly benefited from the increased social status and prestige that came with a marriage into such a wealthy and powerful family. She was regent of Blois during the absence of her spouse in 1096–1100 and 1101–02, and during the minority of her son from 1102 until 1120. Her marriage also laid the groundwork for a period of extended strife in the Anglo Norman lands. Adela was the mother of King Stephen of England whose taking of the throne in preference to her niece Empress Matilda led to the civil war known as The Anarchy.

Meaux
Meaux (French pronunciation: [mo] ⓘ) is a commune on the river Marne in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in the metropolitan area of Paris, France. It is 41.1 km (25.5 mi) east-northeast of the centre of Paris.

Meaux is, with Provins, Torcy and Fontainebleau, one of the four subprefectures (sous-préfectures) of the department of Seine-et-Marne, Melun being the prefecture. In France a subprefecture is the chef-lieu (the seat or administrative capital) of an arrondissement: Meaux is the subprefecture of the arrondissement of Meaux. It is also the chef-lieu of a smaller administrative division: the canton of Meaux. Finally, since its creation in 2003, Meaux has been the centre and the main town of an agglomeration community, the Communauté d'agglomération du Pays de Meaux.
Orobanche aegyptiaca
Orobanche aegyptiaca,  the Egyptian broomrape,  is a plant which is an obligate holoparasite from the family Orobanchaceae with a complex lifecycle. This parasite is most common in the Middle East and has a wide host range including many economically important crops.

Selective control of Egyptian broomrape is extremely difficult because the close association between host crop and parasite limits the use of most mechanical and herbicidal approaches.

Orobanchaceae
Orobanchaceae, the broomrapes, is a family of mostly parasitic plants of the order Lamiales, with about 90 genera and more than 2000 species. Many of these genera (e.g., Pedicularis, Rhinanthus, Striga) were formerly included in the family Scrophulariaceae sensu lato. With its new circumscription, Orobanchaceae forms a distinct, monophyletic family. From a phylogenetic perspective, it is defined as the largest crown clade containing Orobanche major and relatives, but neither Paulownia tomentosa nor Phryma leptostachya nor Mazus japonicus.

The Orobanchaceae are annual herbs or perennial herbs or shrubs, and most (all except Lindenbergia, Rehmannia and Triaenophora) are parasitic on the roots of other plants—either holoparasitic or hemiparasitic (fully or partly parasitic). The holoparasitic species lack chlorophyll and therefore cannot perform photosynthesis.
Mofihli Likotsi
Mofihli Thomas Likotsi is a South African politician who served in the National Assembly from 2004 to 2009. A former secretary-general of the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), he represented the PAC in Parliament until September 2007, when he, with Themba Godi, crossed the floor to the African People's Convention (APC). Likotsi subsequently rejoined the PAC, but in 2019 he joined the African Transformation Movement (ATM).

African People's Convention
The African People's Convention (APC) is a South African political party formed by Themba Godi, former deputy leader of the Pan-Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC) via floor-crossing legislation, on 4 September 2007. Godi defected along with the PAC's only two provincial representatives, Eastern Cape MPL Zingisa Mkabile and Gauteng MPL Malesela Ledwaba. Godi is the current leader of the APC. The party retained its seat in the National Assembly in the 2009 elections, although it lost both of its representatives in the provincial legislatures of Gauteng and Eastern Cape.

It retained its seat in the 2014 election, but lost it in the 2019 election.

Like the PAC, the party's ideology officially appeals to "Africanists, Pan Africanists and socialists".
Vikramōrvaśīyam
Vikramōrvaśīyam (Sanskrit: विक्रमोर्वशीयम्, lit. 'Ūrvaśī Won by Vikram(valour)') is a five-act Sanskrit play by ancient Indian poet Kālidāsa, who lived in the 4th or 5th Century CE, on the Vedic love story of King Pururavas and an Apsarā (celestial nymph) named Ūrvaśī, known for her beauty.

As per the tradition, while the basic plot has taken elements from the sources such as the Samvāda Sūkta of the Rig Veda, Mahābhārata and others, Kālidāsa has made significant adaptations to make the presentation more appealing while establishing his prowess as a playwright.

Vikramorvaśīyam is the second of the three plays written by Kālidāsa, the first being Mālavikāgnimitram and the third being the celebrated Abhijñānaśākuntalam.

According to one theory, "Vikrama" in the title alludes to Kālidāsa's patron king Vikramāditya. However, there is no conclusive evidence for this, although both are said to have lived around the same time period. It simply means "Valour".

Bharata (sage)
Bharata (Devanagari: भरत) was a muni (sage) of ancient India. He is traditionally attributed authorship of the influential performing arts treatise Natya Shastra, which covers ancient Indian dance, poetics, dramaturgy, and music.
David Garnett (priest)
Christianity portal

David Christopher Garnett (born 26 September 1945) was Archdeacon of Chesterfield (and a canon of Derby Cathedral from 1996 until 2009.
He was educated at Giggleswick School, Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, and Westcott House, Cambridge, and ordained in 1970. After a curacy in Cottingham he was chaplain, fellow and tutor of Selwyn College, Cambridge. He held incumbencies  in  Patterdale, Heald Green, Christleton and  Ellesmere Port before his time as archdeacon, and Edensor afterwards.

Derby Cathedral
The Cathedral Church of All Saints, Derby, better known as Derby Cathedral, is a cathedral church in the city of Derby, England. In 1927, it was promoted from parish church status to that of a cathedral, creating a seat for the Bishop of Derby, which new Episcopal see was created in that year. The original church of All Saints was founded in the mid-10th century as a royal collegiate church, dedicated to All Saints. The main body of the church as it stands today is a Georgian rebuilding by James Gibbs, completed in 1725. The tower dates from the 16th century, and a retroquire was added in the 20th century.
Puelia
Puelia is a genus of African grasses, the only genus in the tribe Atractocarpeae (syn. Puelieae). It belongs to the subfamily Puelioideae, one of the early-diverging lineages in the grasses, but used to be considered a bamboo genus.

Species

Puelia ciliata Franch. - Cameroon, Republic of Congo, Gabon, São Tomé, Bioko

Puelia coriacea Clayton - Zaïre

Puelia dewevrei De Wild. & T.Durand - Zaïre, Republic of Congo, Gabon

Puelia olyriformis (Franch.) Clayton - Liberia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Republic of Congo, Gabon, Tanzania

Puelia schumanniana Pilg. - Cameroon

formerly included

see Guaduella

Puelia guluensis - Guaduella macrostachys

Bioko
Bioko (/biːˈoʊkoʊ/; Spanish: [biˈoko] ⓘ; Bube: Ëtulá a Ëri; historically known as Fernando Pó, European Portuguese pronunciation: [fɨɾˈnɐ̃.dʊ ˈpɔ]) is an island of Equatorial Guinea. It is located 32 km (20 mi) south of the coast of Cameroon, and 160 km (99 mi) northwest of the northernmost part of mainland Equatorial Guinea. Malabo, on the north coast of the island, is the former capital city of Equatorial Guinea. Bioko's population was 335,048 at the 2015 census and it covers an area of 2,017 km2 (779 sq mi), making it the fourth largest island in Africa (after Madagascar, Socotra and Tenerife). The island is part of the Cameroon line of volcanoes and is located off the Cameroon coast, in the Bight of Biafra portion of the Gulf of Guinea. Its geology is volcanic; its highest peak is Pico Basile at 3,012 m (9,882 ft).
Ocular flutter
Ocular flutter is an opsoclonic disorder that results in horizontal saccades.

It is caused by damage to the brainstem paramedian pontine reticular formation cells or the cerebellar neurons controlling those cells.

Paramedian pontine reticular formation
The paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF)  is a subset of neurons of the oral and caudal pontine reticular nuclei. With the abducens nucleus it makes up the horizontal gaze centre. It is situated in the pons adjacent to the abducens nucleus. It projects to the ipsilateral abducens (cranial nerve VI) nucleus, and contralateral oculomotor (cranial nerve III) nucleus to mediate conjugate horizontal gaze and saccades.
Chinese Music Ensemble of New York
The Chinese Music Ensemble of New York is a non-profit Chinese orchestra founded in 1961 and consisting of about fifty members. One of the missions of the group is to spread awareness of Chinese music in the West.

The orchestra performs spring and fall concerts each year at Merkin Hall in Manhattan, as well as offering programs for the community, workshops, and lectures on Chinese music.

They have also performed at Carnegie Hall, Lincoln Center, and the Newport Music Festival.

The orchestra holds a summer program for children, offering lessons in Dizi, Erhu, and Yangqin.

Erhu
The erhu (Chinese: 二胡; pinyin: èrhú; [aɻ˥˩xu˧˥]) is a Chinese two-stringed bowed musical instrument, more specifically a spike fiddle, that is sometimes known in the Western world as the Chinese violin or a Chinese two-stringed fiddle. It is used as a solo instrument as well as in small ensembles and large orchestras. It is the most popular of the huqin family of traditional bowed string instruments used by various ethnic groups of China. As a very versatile instrument, the erhu is used in both traditional and contemporary music arrangements, such as pop, rock and jazz.
Childline
Childline is a British counselling service for children and young people under 19 in the United Kingdom provided by The National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. They deal with any issues which cause distress or concern; some of the most common issues include child abuse, bullying, mental illness, parental separation and/or divorce, teenage pregnancy, substance misuse, neglect, and psychological abuse.

Child abuse
Child abuse (also called child endangerment or child maltreatment) is physical, sexual, emotional and/or psychological maltreatment or neglect of a child, especially by a parent or a caregiver. Child abuse may include any act or failure to act by a parent or a caregiver that results in actual or potential wrongful harm to a child and can occur in a child's home, or in organizations, schools, or communities the child interacts with.

Different jurisdictions have different requirements for mandatory reporting and have developed different definitions of what constitutes child abuse, and therefore have different criteria to remove children from their families or to prosecute a criminal charge.