hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Punjab Tractors Ltd.
Punjab Tractors was the first Indian company to manufacture agricultural tractors indigenously. The brand was named Swaraj, a term associated with self-reliance, a concept promoted by Mahatma Gandhi. The company originated from a design project initiated in the 1960s at the Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (CMERI), Durgapur (West Bengal), and later developed into an organization based in Mohali, Punjab.

Swaraj division is a tractor and farm equipment making company which is owned by Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd. Formerly known as Punjab Tractors Limited, the company was taken over by Mahindra Group in 2007 and subsequently in 2009, the name was changed to swaraj division.

Durgapur
Durgapur (Bengali pronunciation: [durgapur]), is a major industrial hub and a planned urban agglomeration in the Indian state of West Bengal. It stands on the northern bank of the Damodar river and is located in Paschim Bardhaman district. Durgapur is a major centre for producing steel and manufacturing train wheels in India. Over the past few years, this city has also been developed as a hub for the IT industry in India. The city was planned by Bidhan Chandra Roy, Joseph Allen Stein and Benjamin Polk in 1955. Durgapur is the only city in eastern India to have an operational dry dock. Durgapur has been nicknamed the 'Steel Backbone of Industrial Bengal'.
Ochrolechia minuta
Ochrolechia minuta is a species of crustose lichen in the family Ochrolechiaceae. It was first formally described in 1938 by Swedish lichenologist Gunnar Degelius as Perforaria minuta. The type specimen was collected from the Kodiak Island Borough in Alaska. Toby Spribille transferred it to the genus Ochrolechia in 2020, suggesting that the absence of cephalodia, and the presence of alectoronic acid, indicate that it is "related to the alectoronic acid-containing species of poriform Ochrolechia".

Toby Spribille
Toby Spribille is a lichenologist, specialising in evolution and taxonomy. He identified the presence of yeast cells as an additional fungal component of some lichens. He works at University of Alberta and is the Canada Research Chair in Symbiosis.
Marcus Graham (entomologist)
Marcus William Robert deVere Graham (25 March 1915 – 27 March 1995) was an English entomologist who specialised in the Chalcidoidea superfamily of the Hymenoptera. He was associated with both Oxford University and Trinity College, Dublin.

Hymenoptera
Hymenoptera is a large order of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. Over 150,000 living species of Hymenoptera have been described, in addition to over 2,000 extinct ones. Many of the species are parasitic. Females typically have a special ovipositor for inserting eggs into hosts or places that are otherwise inaccessible. This ovipositor is often modified into a stinger. The young develop through holometabolism (complete metamorphosis)—that is, they have a wormlike larval stage and an inactive pupal stage before they reach adulthood.
Kubing
The kubing is a type of Philippine jaw harp from bamboo found among the Maguindanaon and other Muslim and non-Muslim tribes in the Philippines and Indonesia. It is also called kobing (Maranao), kolibau (Tingguian), aru-ding (Tagbanwa), kuribaw (Ibanag and Itawes), aribao (Isneg), aroding (Palawan), kulaing (Yakan), ulibaw (Kalinga), karombi (Toraja), yori (Kailinese) or Kulibaw. Ones made of sugar palm-leaf are called karinta (Munanese), ore-ore mbondu or ore Ngkale (Butonese).

The kubing is traditionally considered an intimate instrument, usually used as communication between family or a loved one in close quarters. Both genders can use the instrument, the females more infrequently than males who use it for short distance courtship.

Ibanag people
The Ibanag (also Ybanag and Ybanak or Ibanak) are an ethnolinguistic minority numbering a little more than half a million people, who inhabit the provinces of Cagayan, Isabela, and Nueva Vizcaya. They are one of the largest ethnolinguistic minorities in the Philippines.
10:00 A.M. (The Pitt season 2)
"10:00 A.M." is the fourth episode of the second season of the American medical drama television series The Pitt. It is the nineteenth overall episode of the series and was written by supervising producer Cynthia Adarkwa and directed by John Cameron. It was released on HBO Max on January 29, 2026.

The series is set in Pittsburgh, following the staff of the Pittsburgh Trauma Medical Hospital ER (nicknamed "The Pitt") during a 15-hour emergency department shift. The series mainly follows Dr. Michael "Robby" Robinavitch, a senior attending still reeling from some traumas. In the episode, the Pitt starts receiving patients from Westbridge, with each doctor facing different challenges.

The episode received mostly positive reviews from critics, who praised the writing, performances, character development and themes.

Medical drama
A medical drama is a television movie or film in which events center upon a hospital, clinic, doctor's office, a paramedic, or any other medical topic or environment. Most recent medical dramatic programming goes beyond the events pertaining to the characters' jobs and portray some aspects of their personal lives. The longest running prime-time medical drama in the world is the British series Casualty, airing since 1986, and the longest running medical soap opera is General Hospital, running since 1963.
KAIST Graduate School of Green Growth
Graduate School of Green Growth (GSGG) at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) provides education and research on green business, sustainable finance, and policy through Green Business and Policy Program (MS), Green Business (MS/Ph.D.), Green MBA, and Green Business and Green Finance Track programs. Established in 2013, GSGG is located at KAIST Business School 85 Hoegiro, Dongadaemun-gu, Seoul 02455, Korea.

KAIST
KAIST (originally the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) is a national research university located in Daedeok Innopolis, Daejeon, South Korea. KAIST was established by the Korean government in 1971 as the nation's first public, research-oriented science and engineering institution. KAIST has been internationally accredited in business education, and hosts the Secretariat of the Association of Asia-Pacific Business Schools (AAPBS). KAIST has 10,504 full-time students and 1,342 faculty researchers (as of the Fall 2019 Semester) and had a total budget of US$765 million in 2013, of which US$459 million was from research contracts.

In 2007, KAIST partnered with international institutions and adopted dual degree programs for its students. Its partner institutions include the Technical University of Denmark, Carnegie Mellon University, the Georgia Institute of Technology, Technische Universität Berlin, and the Technical University of Munich.
Gianluca Gaetano
Gianluca Gaetano (Italian pronunciation: [dʒanˈluːka ɡaeˈtaːno]; born 5 May 2000) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder or a left winger for Serie A club Cagliari.

He is an academy graduate of Napoli, having joined the club in 2011, and the youngest-ever player in the club's history to have signed a professional contract with the club at the age of 16. On 10 December 2019, Gaetano made his debut in UEFA Champions League against Belgian side Genk.

KRC Genk
Koninklijke Racing Club Genk (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈkoːnɪŋkləkə ˈreːsɪŋ ˌklʏp ˈxɛŋk]), commonly known as KRC Genk or Racing Genk, is a Belgian professional football club based in the city of Genk in Belgian Limburg.  Racing Genk plays in the Belgian Pro League and have won four championship titles; in 1998–99, in 2001–02, in 2010–11 and in 2018–19. They have also won five Belgian Cups, most recently in 2020–21. They qualified for the UEFA Champions League group stage in the 2002–03, 2011–12 and 2019–20.

The club formed in 1988 by the merger of Waterschei Thor with KFC Winterslag, from which it took over the matricule number.  It has been one of the most successful clubs in Belgium since the late 1990s and so they regularly qualify for European competitions. The club has been playing in the first division since the 1996–97 season. They play their home matches in the Cegeka Arena. Their main outfit is blue and white.
Krista Knudsen
Krista Knudsen (/kəˈnuːdsən/ kə-NOOD-sən; born December 28, 1979) is an American politician serving in the Minnesota House of Representatives since 2023. A member of the Republican Party of Minnesota, Knudsen represents District 5A in northern Minnesota, which includes the city of Park Rapids and parts of Becker, Cass, Hubbard and Wadena Counties.

Becker County, Minnesota
Becker County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 35,183, and was estimated to be 35,444 in 2024, Its county seat is Detroit Lakes.

Part of the White Earth Indian Reservation extends into the county.
Shawcross
Shawcross /ˈʃɔːkrɒs/ is an English surname. Notable people with this surname include the following:

Arthur Shawcross (1945–2008), American serial killer

Christopher Nyholm Shawcross (1905–1973), English lawyer and politician; brother of Hartley Shawcross

Conrad Shawcross (born 1977), English artist; son of William Shawcross

David Shawcross (1941–2015), English footballer

Debbie Shawcross, British physician and academic

Edward Shawcross, British historian

Hartley Shawcross, Baron Shawcross (1902–2003), English lawyer and politician

Howard Shawcross, Australian musician

Kerry Shawcross (born 1991), American writer and director

Kevin Shawcross (1948–1987), Australian squash player

Neil Shawcross (born 1940), English artist

Ryan Shawcross (born 1987), English footballer

Val Shawcross, English Labour Party politician

William Shawcross (born 1946), English writer, journalist and commentator, and charity administrator; son of Hartley Shawcross

Debbie Shawcross
Debbie Lindsay Shawcross is a British physician and clinician who is a professor at King's College London. Her research looks to better understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underpin chronic liver disease, with a focus on the gut-liver-brain axis.
Ba (Open Constituency, Fiji)
Ba Open is a former electoral division of Fiji, one of 25 open constituencies that were elected by universal suffrage (the remaining 46 seats, called communal constituencies, were allocated by ethnicity).  Established by the 1997 Constitution, it came into being in 1999 and was used for the parliamentary elections of 1999, 2001, and 2006.  The population was predominantly Indo-Fijian and the electorate was a stronghold of the Fiji Labour Party (FLP) throughout its history.

The 2013 Constitution promulgated by the Military-backed interim government abolished all constituencies and established a form of proportional representation, with the entire country voting as a single electorate.

2013 Constitution of Fiji
The 2013 Constitution of Fiji is the fourth constitution of Fiji, signed into law by President Ratu Epeli Nailatikau on 6 September 2013, coming into effect immediately. It is the first to eliminate race-based electoral rolls, race-based seat quotas, district-based representation, the unelected upper chamber, and the role of the hereditary Council of Chiefs. It vests sole legislative authority in a single-chamber, 50-seat, at-large Parliament, to be first convened following general elections in 2014. It is also the first ever to grant the right to multiple citizenship (in effect since 2009 by decree, on abrogation of the 1997 constitution), and lowers the voting age to 18.
La Esperanza, Tamaulipas
La Esperanza is a community located in Nuevo Laredo Municipality in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. According to the INEGI Census of 2010, La Esperanza has a population of 69 inhabitants, 39 males and 30 females. Its elevation is 164 meters above sea level.

Nuevo Laredo Municipality
The Municipality of Nuevo Laredo is located in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. Its municipal seat is Nuevo Laredo. The municipality contains more than 60 localities which the most important ones are Nuevo Laredo, El Campanario y Oradel, and Álvarez, the last two being suburbs of the city of Nuevo Laredo. By population, the municipality is the third largest in the state of Tamaulipas (behind Reynosa and Matamoros respectively). The Nuevo Laredo municipality is the northernmost in Tamaulipas, lying at the extreme northwestern tip of its narrow strip of land along the Río Grande. The city of Nuevo Laredo contains approximately 97.5% of the total population of the municipality.
Czesław Cyraniak
Czesław Cyraniak (1 June 1914 – 11 September 1939) was a Polish boxer who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. Born in Poznań, in 1936 he was eliminated in the second round of the lightweight class after losing his fight to José Padilla. Cyraniak fought in the Polish Army in the September Campaign and died in the Battle of Bzura.

Battle of the Bzura
The Battle of the Bzura (or the Battle of Kutno) was the largest battle of the German invasion of Poland and was fought from 9 to 19 September 1939. It was a Polish counter-attack against the Germans.

The battle took place west of Warsaw, near the Bzura River. It began as a Polish counter-offensive and met some initial success, but it faltered as the Germans ultimately outflanked the Polish forces with a concentrated counter-attack, which significantly weakened the Polish forces and resulted in the destruction of the Poznań and Pomorze Armies. The conclusion of the battle marked the completion of the German occupation of Western Poland.: 65–70

The battle has been described as "the bloodiest and most bitter battle of the entire Polish campaign". Winston Churchill called the battle an "ever-glorious struggle".
Chum Taylor
Edwin Vernon Thomas "Chum" Taylor (4 April 1927 – 19 April 2025) was an Australian motorcycle speedway rider who won the Australian Individual Speedway Championship in 1966. He earned 28 international caps for the Australia national speedway team and one cap for the Great Britain national speedway team.

Great Britain national speedway team
The Great Britain national speedway team (formerly the England speedway team) is one of the major teams in international motorcycle speedway. The team is managed by former Great Britain riders Oliver Allen and Simon Stead, and captained by the Tai Woffinden.

The team raced as England from 1928 to 1961 and again from 1974 to 2000. They have raced as Great Britain from 1962 to 1973 and since 2001.
Lyudmil Naydenov
Lyudmil Naydenov (Bulgarian: Людмил Найденов) (born (1970-09-04)4 September 1970) is a Bulgarian former volleyball player. He was part of the Bulgaria men's national volleyball team at the 1994 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship and 1996 Summer Olympics. He played for Olympiacos in Greece.

1994 FIVB Men's Volleyball World Championship
The 1994 FIVB Men's World Championship was the thirteenth edition of the tournament, organized by the world's governing body, the FIVB. It was held from 29 September to 8 October 1994 in Piraeus (Peace and Friendship Stadium) and Thessaloniki (Alexandreio Melathron Nick Galis Hall), Greece.
Golgohar Mining and Industrial Company
Golgohar Mining and Industrials Company (Persian: شرکت معدنی و صنعتی گل‌گهر, romanized: Sherkat-e San'ati va Ma'dani-ye golgohar), is an Iranian Mining company in Sirjan, Kerman, which was established in 1991.

Gol Gohar mine
Gol Gohar, or Gol-e Gohar (Persian:گل گهر), is the largest iron ore mine in Iran. It has a total iron ore reserve of 1.135 billion tons,: 709  and produces about 11 million tons of iron annually as of 2006. It is located about 55 km southwest of the city of Sirjan and is roughly equidistant from the cities of Kerman, Shiraz, and Bandar Abbas.: 709

The Gol Gohar deposits consist of 6 different deposit areas, or "anomalies", in a space of about 10 km by 4 km area.: 709  Areas 1 and 2 have been fully mapped, and area 3 has been partly mapped as of 2003.: 105–6  Mining has been done at area 1 since 1994; area 3 has the most extensive iron ore deposits; the other areas are relatively small and as of 2003 there were no plans to explore them further.: 105–6
Miller JM-2
The Miller JM-2 was an American Formula One Air Racing homebuilt aircraft that was designed by Jim W Miller and produced by JW Miller Aviation of Marble Falls, Texas. When it was available, the aircraft was supplied in the form of plans for construction by amateurs.

Marble Falls, Texas
Marble Falls is a city in Burnet County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, the city population was 7,037.  The 2024 population was estimated to be 9,413.
Lake Marble Falls is part of the Highland Lakes on the Colorado River, the largest chain of lakes in Texas. Marble Falls was founded by Adam Rankin Johnson in 1887, a former Indian fighter and Confederate general.
Kalasin F.C.
Kalasin Football Club (Thai: สโมสรฟุตบอลจังหวัดกาฬสินธุ์) is a Thai semi professional football club based in Kalasin Province. The club was formed in 2010 and entered the Thai League 3 Northern Region.

Thai League 3
Thai League 3 (Thai: ไทยลีก 3), commonly known as the T3, is the third level of Thai football. It was started in 2017 First season. It is sponsored by BYD Auto and therefore officially known as the BYD Dolphin League III. In 2017, the League is divided in 2 regions and participated by 32 clubs 1st-4th clubs from 8 regions which are former members Regional League Division 2 and debutants in the season.
NASA FACTS
NASA FACTS was a collection of NASA's science series which is intended as an "easy-to-understand explanations of scientific phenomena involved in projects undertaken by NASA. The NASA FACTS Science Series was published frequently at irregular intervals, each presenting "an analysis of a particular subject within program perimeters and scientific disciplines of interest to NASA".

Phenomenon
A phenomenon  (pl. phenomena), sometimes spelled phaenomenon, is an observable event. The term came into its modern philosophical usage through Immanuel Kant, who contrasted it with the noumenon, which cannot be directly observed. Kant was heavily influenced by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in this part of his philosophy, in which phenomenon and noumenon serve as interrelated technical terms. Far predating this, the ancient Greek Pyrrhonist philosopher Sextus Empiricus also used phenomenon and noumenon as interrelated technical terms.
Palazzo Ruzzini
The Palazzo Ruzzini is 19th-century, neoclassic-style palace located between the Rio adjacent to the Fontego dei Tedeschi and the Casa Perducci and Palazzo Civran on the Grand Canal, in the Sestiere of Cannaregio, in the city of Venice, Italy. The central part of the facade is decorated with a trifora and quadrifora.

Grand Canal (Venice)
The Grand Canal (Italian: Canal Grande [kaˌnal ˈɡrande], locally and informally Canalazzo; Venetian: Canal Grando, locally usually Canałaso [kanaˈɰaso]) is the largest channel in Venice, Italy, forming one of the major water-traffic corridors in the city.

One end of the canal leads into the lagoon near the Santa Lucia railway station and the other end leads into the basin at San Marco; in between, it makes a large reverse-S shape through the central districts (sestieri) of Venice. It is 3.8 kilometres (2.4 miles) long, and 30 to 90 metres (98 to 295 ft) wide, with an average depth of 5 metres (16 feet).
2011 Cleveland Browns season
The 2011 season was the Cleveland Browns' 59th in the National Football League (NFL) and their 63rd overall. They were eliminated from playoff contention in Week 14 and ultimately finished with a 4–12 record, one win less than in 2010 season, when they finished 5–11 and placed third in the AFC North. This season marked the second season under the leadership of team president Mike Holmgren and general manager Tom Heckert, as well as the first season under head coach Pat Shurmur. The Browns played all of their home games at Cleveland Browns Stadium in Cleveland, Ohio.

2010 Cleveland Browns season
The 2010 season was the Cleveland Browns' 58th in the National Football League (NFL) and their 62nd overall. The team extended the longest playoff drought in franchise history to eight seasons after finishing with a 5–11 record, matching their win total from the 2009 season, and placed third in the AFC North. This season was the Browns' first under team president Mike Holmgren and general manager Tom Heckert, and their second under head coach Eric Mangini.
2010 Franken Challenge
The 2010 Franken Challenge was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It was part of the 2010 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Fürth, Germany between 30 May – 6 June 2010.

Fürth
Fürth (German: [fʏʁt] ⓘ; East Franconian: Färdd; ) is a city in northern Bavaria, Germany, in the administrative division (Regierungsbezirk) of Middle Franconia.

It is the second-largest city in Franconia and now contiguous with the larger city of Nuremberg, the centres of the two cities being only seven km (4.3 mi) apart.

The city forms a continuous conurbation with the neighbouring cities of Nuremberg, Erlangen and Schwabach, which is the heart of an urban area region with around 1.4 million inhabitants, while the larger Nuremberg Metropolitan Region has a population of approximately 3.6 million.

Fürth celebrated its thousand-year anniversary in 2007, its first mention being on 1 November 1007.
Nicolas Fontaine (skier)
Nicolas Fontaine (born 5 October 1970 in Magog, Quebec) is a Canadian freestyle skier. He competed at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, where he placed sixth in aerials. He also competed at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano and at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City.

His son Miha is also a world class Aerials athlete,  
a member of Canada's bronze medal winning mixed aerials team at the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics.

Nagano (city)
Nagano (長野市, Nagano-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [naꜜɡano, naɡanoꜜɕi]) is the capital and largest city of Nagano Prefecture, located in the Nagano Basin (Zenkoji Daira) in the central Chūbu region of Japan. Nagano is categorized as a core city of Japan. Nagano City is the highest prefectural capital in Japan, with an altitude of 371.4 meters (1,219 ft).

The city is surrounded by mountains, the highest of which is Mount Takatsuma (2,353 m), and it is near the confluence of the Chikuma River—the longest and widest river in Japan—and the Sai River. As of 1 July 2023, the city had an estimated population of 365,296 in 160,625 households, and a population density of 438 persons per km². The total area of the city is 834.81 square kilometres (322.32 sq mi).
The Ward
The Ward can refer to:

Ward (disambiguation)

The Ward (film),  horror film directed by John Carpenter

The Ward (2000 video game),  point and click adventure video game developed by Fragile Bits

Children's Ward,  British children's television drama series

The Ward, Toronto, neighbourhood in central Toronto

Dementium: The Ward, game for the Nintendo DS

The Ward (film)
John Carpenter's The Ward (or simply The Ward) is a 2010 American psychological horror film directed by John Carpenter. It stars Amber Heard, Mamie Gummer, Danielle Panabaker, Laura-Leigh, Lyndsy Fonseca, Mika Boorem, and Jared Harris. Set in 1966, the film chronicles the story of a young woman who is institutionalized at a psychiatric ward and finds herself haunted by the ghost of a former patient.

The film was shot on location at the Eastern State Hospital in Medical Lake, Washington. The Ward is Carpenter's last directorial feature.

The film premiered at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival, before releasing in limited theaters in the United States on July 8, 2011. The Ward received $5.3 million worldwide on an estimated $10 million budget. It received negative reviews from critics.