hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Glucansucrase
Glucansucrase (also known as glucosyltransferase) is an enzyme in the glycoside hydrolase family GH70 used by lactic acid bacteria to split sucrose; it then utilizes the resulting glucose molecules to build long, sticky biofilm chains. These extracellular homopolysaccharides are called α-glucan polymers.

Glucansucrase enzymes can synthesize a variety of glucans with differing solubilities, rheology, and other properties by altering the type of glycosidic linkage, degree of branching, length, mass, and conformation of the polymers. Glucansucrases are classified according to the glycosidic linkage they catalyze. They can be mutansucrases, dextransucrases, alternansucrases, or reuteransucrases. This versatility has made glucansucrase useful for industrial applications. Glucansucrase's role in cariogenesis is a major point of interest. Glucan polymers stick to teeth in the human mouth and cause tooth decay.

Glycoside hydrolase
In biochemistry, glycoside hydrolases (also called glycosidases or glycosyl hydrolases) are a class of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds in complex sugars. They are extremely common enzymes, with roles in nature including degradation of biomass such as cellulose (cellulase), hemicellulose, and starch (amylase), in anti-bacterial defense strategies (e.g., lysozyme), in pathogenesis mechanisms  (e.g.,  viral neuraminidases) and in normal cellular function  (e.g.,  trimming mannosidases involved in N-linked glycoprotein biosynthesis). Together with glycosyltransferases, glycosidases form the major catalytic machinery for the synthesis and breakage of glycosidic bonds.
Mafinga
Mafinga Town Council is one of the five districts of the Iringa Region of Tanzania.

In 2016, the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 74,963 people in the town; this is up from 51,902 in 2012.

National Bureau of Statistics (Tanzania)
The National Bureau of Statistics is a branch of the Government of Tanzania which has the mandate to provide official statistics to the Government of Tanzania, business community and the public at large. It is based in Dodoma and obtains a wide range of economic, social and demographic statistics about the country. The bureau compiled data on every village in Tanzania for the censuses of 2002, 2012 and 2022, but also provides the results of the previous censuses of 1967, 1978 and 1988.
Marcher lord
A marcher lord (Welsh: barwn y mers) was a noble appointed by the king of England to guard the border (known as the Welsh Marches) between England and Wales.

A marcher lord was the English equivalent of a margrave (in the Holy Roman Empire) or a marquis (in France) before the introduction of the title of "marquess" in Britain; no marcher lord ever bore the rank of marquess. In this context, the word march means a border region or frontier, and is cognate with the verb "to march", both ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *mereg-, "edge" or "boundary".

The greatest marcher lords included the earls of Chester, Gloucester, Hereford, Pembroke and Shrewsbury (see also English earls of March).

Cognate
In historical linguistics, cognates or lexical cognates are sets of words that have been inherited in direct descent from an etymological ancestor in a common parent language.

Because language change can have radical effects on both the sound and the meaning of a word, cognates may not be obvious, and it often takes rigorous study of historical sources and the application of the comparative method to establish whether lexemes are cognate.  It can also happen that words which appear similar, or identical, in different languages, are not cognate.

Cognates are distinguished from loanwords, where a word has been borrowed from another language.
Andrew B. Steinberg
Andrew Bart Steinberg (October 12, 1958 – May 20, 2012) was a leading aviation regulatory lawyer, who held several key posts in the public and private sectors in the United States.  He served until 2008 as the Assistant Secretary for Aviation and International Affairs within the United States Department of Transportation, after being confirmed to the position by the U.S. Senate on September 29, 2006, following appointment by President George W. Bush.  Prior to that post, he had been appointed by the president in May 2003, as the chief counsel of the Federal Aviation Administration, where he served as the top legal advisor to FAA Administrator Marion C. Blakey.  Steinberg was a partner in the Washington D.C. office of the international law firm of Jones Day, where he led the firm's aviation regulatory practice, a post once held by aviation pioneer L. Welch Pogue.

Jones Day
Jones Day is an American multinational white-shoe law firm based in Washington, D.C. Founded in 1893, the firm was originally headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio. It has represented more than half of the companies in the Fortune 500, including Goldman Sachs, General Motors, McDonald's, and Bridgestone. Jones Day has also represented the campaign of  President Donald Trump, in 2016 and 2020.

Many attorneys from Jones Day have served as federal officials and judges, including U.S. Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, former White House Counsel Don McGahn, former U.S. Solicitor General Noel Francisco, former Federal Trade Commission chairwoman Deborah Platt Majoras, and U.S. court of appeals judges Jeffrey Sutton, Gregory G. Katsas, Timothy B. Dyk, Chad Readler, Eric E. Murphy, and Eric Tung.
Mickey Fonseca
Mickey Fonseca, is a Mozambican filmmaker, writer and producer. He is best known for directing the 2009 short film Mahla and 2019 crime thriller film Resgate. He is the founder of film production company Mahla Filmes.

Demographics of Mozambique
The demographics of Mozambique describes the condition and overview of Mozambique's peoples. Demographic topics include basic education, health, and population statistics as well as identified racial and religious affiliations.
Barhamsville, Virginia
37°27′16.6″N 76°50′25.3″W﻿ / ﻿37.454611°N 76.840361°W﻿ / 37.454611; -76.840361

Barhamsville (formerly Doncastle) is an unincorporated community in New Kent County, Virginia, United States. It is home to a monastery of the Poor Clares.

Barhamsville is on the south bank of the York River, approximately 70 miles (110 km) from the river's entrance into the Atlantic Ocean. It lies 89 feet (27 m) above mean sea level.

York River (Virginia)
The York River is a navigable estuary, approximately 34 miles (55 km) long, in eastern Virginia in the United States. It ranges in width from 1 mile (1.6 km) at its head to 2.5 miles (4.0 km) near its mouth on the west side of Chesapeake Bay. Its watershed drains an area of the coastal plain of Virginia north and east of Richmond.

Its banks were inhabited by indigenous peoples for thousands of years.  In 2003 evidence was found of the likely site of Werowocomoco, one of two capitals used by the paramount chief Powhatan before 1609.  The site was inhabited since 1200 as a major village.  Enormously important in later U.S. history, the river was also the scene of early settlements of the Virginia Colony.  It was the site of significant events and battles in both the American Revolutionary War and the American Civil War.
Fínnachta
Fínnachta, son of Ollom Fotla, was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, a High King of Ireland in succession to his father. His given name was Elim. There is said to have been snow of wine (Old Irish fín, "wine", snechta, "snow") in his reign, from which he gained his better-known name. He ruled for twenty years before dying of plague at Mag Inis in Ulster, and was succeeded by his brother Slánoll. The chronology of Geoffrey Keating's Foras Feasa ar Éirinn dates his reign to 913–895 BC, that of the Annals of the Four Masters to 1278–1258 BC.

Geoffrey Keating
Geoffrey Keating (Irish: Seathrún Céitinn; c. 1569 – c. 1644) was an Irish historian. He was born in County Tipperary, Ireland, and is buried in Tubrid Graveyard in the parish of Ballylooby-Duhill. He became a Catholic priest and a poet.
Haida ermine
The Haida ermine (Mustela haidarum) is a mustelid species endemic to a few islands off the Pacific Northwest of North America, namely Haida Gwaii in Canada and the southern Alexander Archipelago in the U.S. state of Alaska.

Mustelidae
The Mustelidae (/mʌˈstɛlɪdiː/; from Latin mustela, weasel) are a diverse family of carnivoran mammals, including weasels, badgers, otters, polecats, martens, grisons, and wolverines. Otherwise known as mustelids (/ˈmʌstɪlɪdz/), they form the largest family in the suborder Caniformia of the order Carnivora with about 66 to 70 species in nine subfamilies.
Eliot A. Cohen
Eliot Asher Cohen (born April 3, 1956) is an American political scientist.  He was a counselor in the United States Department of State under Condoleezza Rice from 2007 to 2009. In 2019, Cohen was named the 9th Dean of the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) at Johns Hopkins University, succeeding Vali Nasr. Before his time as dean, he directed the Strategic Studies Program at SAIS. Cohen "is one of the few teachers in the American academy to treat military history as a serious field", according to international law scholar Ruth Wedgwood. Cohen is a contributing writer at The Atlantic. He is also, with Eric Edelman, a co-host of the Shield of the Republic podcast, published by The Bulwark.

Op-ed
An op-ed is a type of written prose that expresses a strong, focused opinion on an issue of relevance to the target audience, and is commonly found in newspapers, magazines, and online publications. Typically ranging from 500 to 700 words, op-eds are distinct from articles written by the publication's editorial board and often feature the opinions of outside contributors.

Op-eds allow authors, not part of the publication's editorial team, to express opinions, perspectives, and arguments on various issues of public interest. Unlike traditional editorials, which reflect the opinion of the publication itself, op-eds offer independent voices a foundation to influence public discourse. The New York Times is widely credited with popularizing the modern op-ed format.
Seawater desalination in Australia
Australia is the driest habitable continent on Earth and its installed desalination capacity has been increasing. Until a few decades ago, Australia met its demands for water by drawing freshwater from dams and water catchments. As a result of the water supply crisis during the severe 1997–2009 drought, state governments began building desalination plants that purify seawater using reverse osmosis technology. Approximately one percent of the world's drinkable water originates from desalination plants.

The first modern large-scale desalination plant was the Perth Seawater Desalination Plant, completed in November 2006 and over 30 plants are currently operating across the country. Many plants are utilizing nearby wind or wave farms to use renewable energy and reduce operating costs, and solar-powered desalination units are used for remote communities.

Multi-stage flash distillation
Multi-stage flash distillation (MSF) is a water desalination process that distills sea water by flashing a portion of the water into steam in multiple stages of what are essentially countercurrent heat exchangers. Current MSF facilities may have as many as 30 stages.

Multi-stage flash distillation plants produce about 26% of all desalinated water in the world, but almost all new desalination plants use reverse osmosis due to much lower energy consumption.
Boikanyo Komane
Boikanyo Ramathlakwane Komane (born 28 November 1992) is a South African soccer player who plays as a defensive midfielder for Richards Bay in the Premier Soccer League.

Following stints at United and Royal Eagles, he spent one and a half season in Thanda Royal Zulu. In 2017, Thanda Royal Zulu sold their league license to AmaZulu and wrapped up their operation. Both Royal Eagles and Richards Bay claimed to sign the player. A DRC tribunal ruled in favour of Royal Eagles.

Komane went on to Chippa United in 2018 and was a regular in the 2018–19 and 2019–20 South African Premier Division. Sports magazine wrote about Komane as a possible replacement for Kaizer Chiefs's Willard Katsande or SuperSport United's Dean Furman. However, he went to the Lamontville Golden Arrows and only played one match during a two-year stay. A good year in the First Division with All Stars earned him a move back to the Premier Division in summer 2023, signing for Richards Bay.

2019–20 South African Premiership
The 2019–20 South African Premiership season (known as the ABSA Premiership for sponsorship reasons, and also commonly referred to as the PSL after the governing body) was the 24th season of the Premiership since its establishment in 1996. The season began in August 2019 and concluded in September 2020. Mamelodi Sundowns were the two-time defending champions. This season's winner will qualify for the 2020–21 CAF Champions League along with the second-placed team. The 3rd placed team and Nedbank Cup winners qualify for the CAF Confederation Cup.

The season was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It resumed on 11 August 2020 after more than three months of suspension. Mamelodi Sundowns won the title in the last day of the competition, they beat Kaizer Chiefs who were leading for more than half of the season. Mamelodi Sundowns won their third consecutive title and their 10th title overall. This was the last season sponsored by ABSA.
Sam Cane
Samuel Jordan Cane (born 13 January 1992) is a New Zealand rugby union player who plays as a flanker for the Japan Rugby League One club Tokyo Sungoliath and the New Zealand national team. He is also the former captain of the New Zealand national team.

He made his debut for the All Blacks in 2012 and succeeded Kieran Read as the All Blacks captain on 5 May 2020. He has represented the Chiefs in Super Rugby, Bay of Plenty in the National Provincial Championship and King Country in the Heartland Championship.

Flanker (rugby union)
Flanker is a position in the sport of rugby union. Each team of 15 players includes two flankers, who play in the forwards, and are generally classified as either blindside or openside flankers, numbers 6 and 7 respectively. The name comes from their position in a scrum in which they 'flank' each set of forwards. They compete for the ball – most commonly in rucks and mauls. Flankers also assist in pushing in a scrum, but are expected to detach from the scrum as soon as the ball is out to get to the play before the opposition's forwards. Flankers also participate in line-outs, either being lifted to contest or win possession, or to lift other players. Flankers are usually the key participants in the tackling process. The flankers, especially the openside, are often the fastest forwards on the team but still relied upon for tackling.
Maurits Verdonck
Maurits August Verdonck (21 April 1879 – 1 March 1968), often incorrectly referred to as Maurice, was a Belgian rower who competed in the 1900 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Belgian boat Royal Club Nautique de Gand, which won the silver medal in the men's eight.

Verdonck was also a writer. His work was part of the literature event in the art competition at the 1928 Summer Olympics.

Rowing at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's eight
The men's eight was one of the competitions in the Rowing at the 1900 Summer Olympics events in Paris. It was held on 25 and 26 August 1900. 5 boats, involving 46 rowers from 5 nations, competed. The event was won by the United States, represented by the Vesper Boat Club. Silver went to the Royal Club Nautique de Gand of Belgium, with bronze to Minerva Amsterdam from the Netherlands.
Rurukshetra Rural Municipality
Rurukshetra is a Rural municipality located within the Gulmi District of the Lumbini Province of Nepal.
The rural municipality spans 67.38 square kilometres (26.02 sq mi) of area, with a total population of 18,581 according to a 2011 Nepal census.

On March 10, 2017, the Government of Nepal restructured the local level bodies into 753 new local level structures.
The previous Reemuwa, Ruru, Thanpati, Gwadi, Baletaksar and Bamgha VDCs were merged to form Rurukshetra Rural Municipality.
Rurukshetra is divided into 6 wards, with Baletaksar declared the administrative center of the rural municipality.

Villages include Thorga, Thanpati, Darsingbas, Chautara, Bhatkuwa, and Chyurek.

Rural municipality (Nepal)
A gaunpalika (Nepali: गाउँपालिका, romanized: Gāum̐pālikā, lit. 'rural municipality' Nepali pronunciation: [ɡãũ̯palika]) is an administrative division in Nepal. The Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development dissolved the existing village development committees and announced the establishment of this new local body. It is a sub-unit of a district. There are currently 481 rural municipalities.
Inka Kancha
Inka Kancha (Quechua Inka Inca, kancha enclosure; corral, "Inca enclosure" or "Inca corral", Hispanicized spelling Incacancha) is a 5,146-metre-high (16,883 ft) mountain in the Andes of Peru. It is situated in the Lima Region, Huarochiri Province, Chicla District. Inka Kancha lies near the Antikuna mountain pass, south of Sillaqaqa.

Ticlio
Ticlio (or Anticona) is a mountain pass and the highest point (4,818 m or 15,807 ft) of the Central Highway of Peru (km 120), located in the Andes Mountains in the Chicla District, Huarochirí Province, Department of Lima. It used to be a railway crossing loop on the Ferrocarril Central Andino (FCCA) in Peru, whose main claim to fame was being the highest railway junction in the world.  The railway now crosses the pass through the nearby Galera Summit Tunnel at a lower elevation of 4,783 m (15,692 ft) and enters a different valley than the highway on the eastern side of the pass.
Karim Samir Lotfy
Karim Samir Lotfy El Sayed (born 21 April 1989) is an Egyptian high jumper.

In age levels he finished eighth at the 2005 World Youth Championships, won the silver medal at the 2005 African Junior Championships, competed at the 2006 World Junior Championships and finished fourteenth at the 2008 World Junior Championships. In regional competitions he finished seventh at the 2007 All-Africa Games, fifth at the 2007 Pan Arab Games and fourth at the 2008 African Championships.

His personal best is 2.25 metres, achieved in June 2008 in Eberstadt. This is the Egyptian record.

Eberstadt
Eberstadt (German: [ˈeːbɐʃtat] ⓘ) is a municipality in the district of Heilbronn, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is best known for its winegrowing and its yearly international high jump meeting (the Internationales Hochsprung-Meeting Eberstadt).
2014 FIA WTCC Race of Argentina
The 2014 FIA WTCC Race of Argentina was the eighth round of the 2014 World Touring Car Championship season and the second running of the FIA WTCC Race of Argentina. It was held on 3 August 2014 at the Autódromo Termas de Río Hondo in Termas de Río Hondo, Santiago del Estero Province, Argentina.

Both races were won by José María López driving for Citroën Total WTCC.

Autódromo Termas de Río Hondo
Autódromo Termas de Río Hondo is a 4.805 km (2.986 mi) motorsport circuit located in Termas de Río Hondo, Argentina. The circuit was opened in 2008 and underwent a complete overhaul and rebuild process in 2012, based on design by the Italian circuit designer Jarno Zaffelli.
Imre Palló
Imre Palló (23 October 1891 in Mátisfalva, Transylvania – 25 January 1978 in Budapest) was a Hungarian baritone, and later opera house manager.

Palló studied in Budapest with Georg Anthes and in Italy with Mario Sammarco. His Budapest debut was as Alfio at the Royal Opera House in 1917, where he went on to sing many lyric baritone roles, such as Posa, Luna, Falstaff and Simon Boccanegra, in a career lasting over 35 years. He created leading roles in both Háry János and Székelyfonó by Kodály, and sang in Bartok’s Cantata profana under Ernő Dohnányi in 1936.

The Kossuth Prize was awarded to him in 1949. He was briefly Intendant at the State Opera in Budapest.

Palló's recordings, dating from 1928 to 1961, include songs and excerpts from works by Balázs, Bartók, Erkel, Kodály; operatic arias by Verdi, Wagner and Mussorgsky, among others.

His son (same name, born 1941) was a conductor at New York City Opera and Frankfurt Opera.

Ernst von Dohnányi
Ernst von Dohnányi (Hungarian: Dohnányi Ernő, [ˈɛrnøː ˈdohnaːɲi]; 27 July 1877 – 9 February 1960) was a Hungarian composer, pianist and conductor. He used the German form of his name on most published compositions.
Vicent Partal
Vicent Partal (Valencian pronunciation: [viˈsɛm paɾˈtal]; born 1960 in Bétera, Valencia) is a Spanish journalist and director of VilaWeb. He has also worked in El Temps, Diari de Barcelona, TVE, Catalunya Ràdio, El Punt, and La Vanguardia, among others. He is considered an Internet pioneer.

In 1994, he created the self-styled "first news Internet system in Catalonia" named El Temps Online. In 1995, founded Partal, Maresma & Associats, a company devoted to Internet Consulting and access. From that initiative, La Infopista catalana appeared in 1996, which later became VilaWeb. He is currently the Chairman of the Board of the European Journalism Centre.

Bétera
Bétera is a town and municipality in the comarca of Camp de Túria in the Valencian Community, Spain. With 23,647 inhabitants, it is the second most populous town in the Camp de Túria region (INE 2018), in the second zone of the Valencia metropolitan area.
Seth Goodall
Seth A. Goodall is an American politician and lawyer. Goodall served as a Democratic State Senator from Maine's 19th District, representing part of Sagadahoc County, including the population centers of Bath and Topsham from December 2008 until his resignation on July 9, 2013. In December 2012, Goodall was named the Majority Leader of the Maine Senate. On June 4, 2013, Goodall announced he would resign his seat in the Senate at the end of the 2013 legislative session in order to work for the Small Business Administration as a regional coordinator. He officially resigned upon the adjournment of the 2013 legislative session on July 9.

Bath, Maine
Bath is a city in and county seat of Sagadahoc County, Maine, United States. Bath had a 2024 population of 8,870. Bath is  growing at a rate of 0.29% annually, and its population has increased by 1.21% since the most recent census, which recorded a population of 8,764 in 2020. The city is popular with tourists, many drawn by its 19th-century architecture. It is home to the Bath Iron Works and Heritage Days Festival, held annually during the Fourth of July weekend. It is commonly known as the "City of Ships" due to the number of sailing ships that were built in the Bath shipyards. Bath is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan statistical area.
Jhunjhunu Assembly constituency
Jhunjhunu Assembly constituency is one of the constituencies of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly in the Jhunjhunu Lok Sabha constituency.

Jhunujhunu constituency covers all voters from parts of Jhunjhunu tehsil, which include ILRC Jhunjhunu including Jhunjhunu Municipal Board and Bagar Municipal Board; Village Bhadunda Kalan, Bhadunda Khurdand ILRC Kulod Kalan, and parts of Chirawa which include Chanana, Solana, Kishorepura, Kithana, Sultana and Sari of ILRC Sultana.

Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
The Rajasthan Legislative Assembly (ISO: Rājāsthān Vidhān Sabhā), is the unicameral legislature of the state of Rajasthan. It is a vital part of the state government, responsible for making and implementing laws.

The assembly meets at Vidhan Bhavan situated in Jaipur, the capital of Rajasthan.
Good Sam (TV series)
Good Sam is an American medical drama television series created by Katie Wech for CBS, starring Sophia Bush and Jason Isaacs which premiered on January 5, 2022. In May 2022, after receiving low ratings over the course of their 13 episode season, the series was canceled.

Michael Stahl-David
Michael Stahl-David (born October 28, 1982) is an American actor, known for his role as Sean Donnelly on the NBC drama series The Black Donnellys and his lead role as Robert "Rob" Hawkins in the J. J. Abrams-produced film Cloverfield.