hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Exclusive or
Exclusive or, exclusive disjunction, exclusive alternation, logical non-equivalence, or logical inequality is a logical operator whose negation is the logical biconditional. With two inputs, XOR is true if and only if the inputs differ (one is true, one is false). With multiple inputs, XOR is true if and only if the number of true inputs is odd.

It gains the name "exclusive or" because the meaning of "or" is ambiguous when both operands are true. XOR excludes that case. Some informal ways of describing XOR are "one or the other but not both", "either one or the other", and "A or B, but not A and B".

It is symbolized by the prefix operator : 16  and by the infix operators XOR (/ˌɛks ˈɔːr/, /ˌɛks ˈɔː/, /ˈksɔːr/ or /ˈksɔː/), EOR, EXOR, , , , ⩛, , , and .

Giuseppe Peano
Giuseppe Peano (/piˈɑːnoʊ/; Italian: [dʒuˈzɛppe peˈaːno]; 27 August 1858 – 20 April 1932) was an Italian mathematician and glottologist. The author of over 200 books and papers, he was a founder of mathematical logic and set theory, to which he contributed much notation, for instance, notations of set operations. The standard axiomatization of the natural numbers is named the Peano axioms in his honor. As part of this effort, he made key contributions to the modern rigorous and systematic treatment of the method of mathematical induction. He spent most of his career teaching mathematics at the University of Turin. He also created an international auxiliary language, Latino sine flexione ("Latin without inflections"), which is a simplified version of Classical Latin. Most of his books and papers are in Latino sine flexione, while others are in Italian.
ABRS Management and Technology Institute
ABRS Management and Technology Institute is a Hong Kong–based continuing education and training institute established in 1990. and registered with the Education Bureau since 1994.

Over 20,000 students in Hong Kong have attended courses offered by ABRS since it began operating.

NCC Education
NCC Education Ltd. is a private provider and awarding body of English education. The company provides students with the opportunity to earn internationally recognized British qualifications by studying at one of its Accredited Partner Centres, either through the classroom or online.
Courtney Clarkson
Courtney Clarkson (born 31 August 1991) is an Australian rules footballer who played for the Western Bulldogs in the AFL Women's competition. Clarkson was drafted by the Western Bulldogs with their 16th selection and 124th overall in the 2016 AFL Women's draft. She made her debut in the twenty-five point loss to Adelaide at VU Whitten Oval in round two of the 2017 season. She played six matches in her debut season and kicked one goal. She was delisted at the conclusion of the 2017 season.

2016 AFL Women's draft
The 2016 AFL Women's draft consisted of the various periods when the eight clubs in the AFL Women's competition recruited players prior to the competition's inaugural season in 2017.

Draftees and signings over the period were required to have a minimum age qualification of 18. Prior to the draft itself each club was allowed to sign two marquee players from any state across the country at an increased salary. In addition, they were permitted to sign a number of priority players with existing connections to the club, and up to two rookie players who had not played competitive Australian rules football within the previous three years. All remaining players entered the draft and became eligible to be selected by any team based in their nominated state-based zone.
Thomas R. Morgan
General Thomas Rowland Morgan (January 6, 1930 – December 6, 2024) was an American Marine Corps general who served as Assistant Commandant of the United States Marine Corps from June 1986 until his retirement on July 1, 1988.

Colgate University
Colgate University is a private college in Hamilton, New York, United States. A liberal arts college, it was founded in 1819 as the Baptist Education Society of the State of New York and operated under that name until 1823, when it was renamed Hamilton Theological and Literary Institution, often called Hamilton College (1823–1846), then Madison College (1846–1890), and its present name since 1890.

Colgate enrolls approximately 3,200 students in 56 undergraduate majors that culminate in a Bachelor of Arts degree. The student body is 54% female and 46% male. Students participate in over 200 clubs and organizations. While Colgate offers an almost entirely undergraduate program, it also has a small graduate program leading to the Master of Arts in Teaching. The college competes in NCAA Division I sports and is part of the Patriot League athletic conference and ECAC Hockey.
Naval Air Station Chase Field
Naval Air Station Chase Field is a former naval air station located in unincorporated Bee County, Texas, near Beeville. It was named for Lieutenant Commander Nathan Brown Chase, Naval Aviator #37, who died in 1925 while developing carrier landing techniques for the U.S. Navy.

Seven buildings of the station are individually listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places: NAS Chase Field-Building 1001, NAS Chase Field-Building 1009, NAS Chase Field-Building 1015, NAS Chase Field-Building 1040, NAS Chase Field-Building 1042, NAS Chase Field-Quarters R, and NAS Chase Field-Quarters S.

Naval air station
A naval air station (NAS) or navy airbase is a military air base under the command of a navy, dedicated to the use of aircraft for naval operations. These bases are typically populated by squadrons, groups or wings of navalised aircraft, their various support facilities, and other tenant commands.

The term "naval air station" is used by many countries' navies, such as the United States Navy, the Royal Australian Navy, the Royal Navy, and the Indian Navy. In the case of the U.S. Navy, similar facilities in the U.S. Marine Corps are known as Marine Corps Air Stations and facilities in the U.S. Coast Guard are known as Coast Guard Air Stations.
Syriac Catholic Eparchy of Cairo
The Syriac Catholic Eparchy of Cairo (informally Cairo of the Syriacs) is a Syriac Catholic Church ecclesiastical territory or eparchy of the Catholic Church in Egypt. It is immediately exempt to the Syriac Catholic Patriarch of Antioch, though not part of his or any other ecclesiastical province.

Its cathedral is the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Rosary in the episcopal see of Cairo.

Eparchy
Eparchy (Greek: ἐπαρχία eparchía "overlordship") is an ecclesiastical unit in Eastern Christianity that is equivalent to a diocese in Western Christianity. An eparchy is governed by an eparch, who is a bishop. Depending on the administrative structure of a specific Eastern Church, an eparchy can belong to an ecclesiastical province (usually a metropolis), but it can also be exempt. Each eparchy is divided into parishes, in the same manner as a diocese in Western Churches. Historical development of eparchies in various Eastern Churches was marked by local distinctions that can be observed in modern ecclesiastical practices of the Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches and Eastern Catholic Churches.
Glacier head
A glacier head is the top of a glacier. Although glaciers seem motionless to the observer they are in constant motion and the terminus is always either advancing or retreating.

On a glacier, the accumulation zone is the area above the firn line, where snowfall accumulates and exceeds the losses from ablation, (melting, evaporation, and sublimation). The annual equilibrium line separates the accumulation and ablation zone annually. The accumulation zone is also defined as the part of a glacier's surface, usually at higher elevations, on which there is net accumulation of snow, which subsequently turns into firn and then glacier ice. Part of the glacier where snow builds up and turns to ice moves outward from there.

The glacier head is the highest upslope edge of an alpine glacier or the upslope end of the zone of accumulation.  The head of the glacier comes up against a steep bedrock cliff called a cirque headwall

Ablation
Ablation (Latin: ablatio – removal) is the removal or destruction of something from an object by vaporization, chipping,  erosive processes, or by other means. Examples of ablation as it is relevant to various industries are described below, including spacecraft material for ascent and atmospheric reentry, ice and snow in glaciology, biological tissues in medicine and passive fire protection materials.
Krasnoselsk, Russia
Krasnoselsk (Russian: Красносе́льск) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Krasnoselsk, Altai Republic, a selo in Choysky District of the Altai Republic

Krasnoselsk, Ulyanovsk Oblast, a settlement in Novospassky District of Ulyanovsk Oblast

Ulyanovsk Oblast
Ulyanovsk Oblast (Russian: Ульяновская область, romanized: Ulyanovskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It is located in the Volga Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Ulyanovsk. It has a population of 1,292,799 (2010 Census).

The area of Ulyanovsk Oblast corresponds to the former Simbirsk Governorate which formerly existed as an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire, replacing the Simbirsk Viceroyalty from 1796 and later, Bolshevik Russia. The governorate was renamed to Ulyanovsk Governorate, in honor of Vladimir Lenin (born Ulyanov), for whom he was born in Simbirsk after his death in 1924. In 1928, Ulyanovsk became an okrug and the present day Ulyanovsk Oblast was formed in 1943 merging some parts of Kuybyshev and Penza Oblasts.
2025–26 Segunda División de El Salvador
The 2025–26 season Liga de Plata, officially known as Copa Electrolit for sponsorship reasons, will be El Salvador's Segunda División de Fútbol Salvadoreño. The season will be split into two championships Apertura 2025 and Clausura 2026. The champions of the Apertura and Clausura play the direct promotion playoff every year. The winner of that series ascends to Primera División de Fútbol de El Salvador.

C.D. Platense Municipal Zacatecoluca
Club Deportivo Platense Municipal Zacatecoluca, usually abbreviated to just Platense, is a Salvadoran football club based in Zacatecoluca, the departmental capital city of La Paz Province, they currently play in the Primera División. The club play their home games at the Estadio Panorámico de Zacatecoluca, which has a capacity of 10,000
Juni, juli, augusti
"Juni, juli, augusti" is a single by Swedish pop group Gyllene Tider, released on September 16, 1996. The single peaked at number 37 on the Swedish Singles Chart. On November 9, 1996, an attempt was made to take the song to the Svensktoppen chart, but failed. However, the song did reach the Swedish Tracks list.

Svensktoppen
Svensktoppen (Swedish: [ˈsvɛ̂nːskˌtɔpːɛn]) is a weekly record chart airing on Sveriges Radio. Until January 2003, the songs had to be in the Swedish language. Svensktoppen has aired since 1962, except for the years 1982–1985. In the years leading up to the January 2003 change, the programme was strongly dominated by dansband music.

The first number-one hit song was "Midnattstango" performed by Swedish crooner Lars Lönndahl.

New rules on 17 January 2016 restricted the maximum length for a song to chart to one year.
Northern Strand Community Trail
The Northern Strand Community Trail, also known as the Bike to the Sea Trail, is a 10-mile public-use path project, including a rail trail portion, which connects the cities of Everett, Malden, Revere, Saugus, and Lynn, along the former Saugus Branch Railroad of the Boston & Maine Railroad and other shared-use roads. The trail is part of the East Coast Greenway, a project planning to connect almost 3,000 miles of trail from Calais, Maine to Key West, Florida. The path has been planned by Bike to the Sea, a non-profit cycling advocacy group, with help from the surrounding cities.

Calais, Maine
Calais (/ˈkælɪs/; similar to the word "callous") is a city in Washington County, Maine, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 3,079, making Calais the largest municipality by population in Washington County, but the third least-populous city in Maine (after Hallowell and Eastport). The city has three Canada–US border crossings (also known as ports of entry) over the St. Croix River connecting to St. Stephen, New Brunswick, Canada.

Calais has been a city of commerce and is recognized as the primary shopping center of eastern Washington County and of Charlotte County, New Brunswick. Retail, service, and construction businesses are the primary components of the Calais economy.
Munsee grammar
Munsee (also known as Munsee Delaware, Delaware, Ontario Delaware) is an endangered language of the Eastern Algonquian subgroup of the Algonquian language family, itself a branch of the Algic language family.

The grammar of Munsee is characterized by complex inflectional and derivational morphology. Inflection in Munsee is realized through the use of prefixes and suffixes added to word stems to indicate grammatical information, including number (singular or plural), animacy (understood as grammatical gender), person, possession, negation, and obviation.

Nouns use combinations of person prefixes and suffixes to indicate possession and suffixes to indicate gender, number, diminution, absentation, and obviation.

Verbs use a single set of person prefixes and a series of suffixes in position classes after the verb stem to indicate combinations of person, number, negation, obviation, and other morphological information.

Morphological derivation
Morphological derivation, in linguistics, is the process of forming a new word from an existing word, often by adding a prefix or suffix, such as un- or -ness. For example, unhappy and  happiness derive from the root word happy.

It is differentiated from inflection, which is the modification of a word to form different grammatical categories without changing its core meaning or lexical category: determines, determining, and determined are from the root determine.
Wrapped Reichstag
Wrapped Reichstag, Project for Berlin is a 1995 environmental artwork by artists Christo and Jeanne-Claude. The wrapped up Reichstag building is one of the most well-known public art projects. Aluminum-coated propylene was used for a wrapper.

Propylene
Propylene, also known as propene, is an unsaturated organic compound with the chemical formula CH3CH=CH2. It has one double bond, and is the second simplest member of the alkene class of hydrocarbons. It is a colorless gas with a faint petroleum-like odor.

Propylene is a product of combustion from forest fires, cigarette smoke, and motor vehicle and aircraft exhaust. It was discovered in 1850 by A. W. von Hoffmann's student John Williams Reynolds as the only gaseous product of thermal decomposition of amyl alcohol to react with chlorine and bromine.
Docks of New Orleans
Docks of New Orleans is a 1948 American mystery film directed by Derwin Abrahams and starring Roland Winters, Virginia Dale and Mantan Moreland. It featured Winters in his second appearance as Charlie Chan, having replaced Sidney Toler in the role.

Sidney Toler
Sidney Toler (born Hooper G. Toler Jr., April 28, 1874 – February 12, 1947) was an American actor, playwright, and theatre director. The second non-Asian actor to play the role of Charlie Chan on screen, he is best remembered for his portrayal of the Chinese-American detective in 22 films made between 1938 and 1946. Before becoming Chan, Toler played supporting roles in 50 motion pictures, and was a highly regarded comic actor on the Broadway stage.
Mosphil Aero
Mosphil Aero was an airline based in Makati, Manila, Philippines. It operated domestic passenger and cargo services around the southern Philippines, primarily from Zamboanga International Airport.

The airline has shown interest in focusing on the special region known as the BIMP-EAGA Region (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, East Asean Growth Area). There have been air pacts and agreements in this region, that Mosphil intended to take advantage of. Routes to and from Davao, Kota Kinabalu and Manado, Indonesia, were likely in the future, according to Lamela, the airline's sales and marketing director.

Brunei Darussalam–Indonesia–Malaysia–Philippines East ASEAN Growth Area
The Brunei Darussalam–Indonesia–Malaysia–Philippines East ASEAN Growth Area (BIMP-EAGA) is a cooperation initiative established in 1994 to spur development in remote and less developed areas in the four participating Southeast Asian countries.

It is home to ecologically important areas. The Heart of Borneo, which straddles Indonesia, Malaysia, and parts of Brunei, is the largest contiguous forest area remaining in Southeast Asia. The Sulu–Sulawesi Seas is a highly biodiverse, globally significant biogeographic unit in the Coral Triangle—the center of the world's highest concentration of marine biodiversity.
Birch dieback
Birch dieback is a disease of birch trees that causes the branches in the crown to die off. The disease may eventually kill the tree. In an event in the Eastern United States and Canada in the 1930s and 1940s, no causal agent was found, but the wood-boring beetle, the bronze birch borer, was implicated in the severe damage and death of the tree that often followed. In similar crown dieback occurrences in Europe several decades later, the pathogenic fungus Melanconium betulinum were found in association with affected trees, as well as Anisogramma virgultorum and Marssonina betulae.

Agrilus anxius
Agrilus anxius, the bronze birch borer, is a wood-boring buprestid beetle native to North America, more numerous in the warmer parts of the continent and rare in the north. It is a serious pest on birch trees (Betula), frequently killing them. The river birch Betula nigra is the most resistant species, while other American birches are less so. European and Asian birches have no resistance to it at all and are effectively impossible to grow in the eastern United States as a result.

It is closely related to the emerald ash borer.
Paula Dunn
Paula Dunn MBE, (formerly Thomas, born 3 December 1964) is an English former sprinter who competed in the 100 metres, 200 metres and 4 x 100 metres relay. She represented Great Britain in all three events at the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul. She is a five-time Commonwealth Games medallist, including winning silver (1986) and bronze (1994) in the 100 metres. During the 1990s, she competed as Paula Thomas (her then married name). Her personal bests of 11.15 secs in the 100 metres and 22.69 secs in the 200 metres, were the fastest times run by a British female sprinter during the 1990s.

1990 European Athletics Championships
The 15th European Athletics Championships were held from 26 August to 2 September 1990 in Split, Croatia, SFR Yugoslavia. The host stadium was Stadion Poljud.

It was the last participation of East Germany (which was already scheduled to be merged with the Federal Republic), the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia,  and SFR Yugoslavia.
Excel Global School
Excel Global School, founded on 10 June 2009, is an international school located in Thiruvattar, Tamil Nadu, India. The school is part of the Excel Group of Schools and follows the Cambridge Assessment International Education (CAIE) program.

The administration of Excel Global School is vested with the Centre for Educare and Research Charitable Trust, a non-profit organization for rural education. The school's motto is "Wisdom Enriches".

Cambridge International Education
Cambridge International Education (abbreviated CIE, informally known as Cambridge International or simply Cambridge and formerly known as CAIE, Cambridge Assessment International Education and CIE, Cambridge International Examinations) is a provider of international qualifications, offering examinations and qualifications to 10,000 schools in more than 160 countries. It is part of Cambridge University Press & Assessment, a non-profit and non-teaching department of the University of Cambridge.
Gymnastics at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Women's floor
These are the results of the women's floor competition, one of six events for female competitors in artistic gymnastics at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.  The qualification and final rounds took place on August 27, 28 and 31st at the Sports Hall.

Olympiahalle
The Olympiahalle (English: Olympic Hall) is a multi-purpose indoor arena in Munich, Germany. It is part of Olympiapark and is used for concerts, sporting events, exhibitions and trade fairs. The official seating capacity varies from some 12,500 to 15,500 depending on the event.
Arrowsic, Maine
Arrowsic is a town in Sagadahoc County, Maine, United States. The population is 477 as of the 2020 United States census. It is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan area. During the French and Indian Wars, Arrowsic was site of a succession of important and embattled colonial settlements. It is a favorite with artists and birdwatchers.

Canoe
A canoe is a lightweight, narrow water vessel, typically pointed at both ends and open on top, propelled by one or more seated or kneeling paddlers facing the direction of travel and using paddles.

In British English, the term canoe can also refer to a kayak, whereas canoes are then called Canadian or open canoes to distinguish them from kayaks. However, for official competition purposes, the American distinction between a kayak and a canoe is almost always adopted. At the Olympics, both conventions are used: under the umbrella terms Canoe Slalom and Canoe Sprint, there are separate events for canoes and kayaks.
Shingler
Shingler is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aaron Shingler (born 1987), British rugby union player and former cricketer

Arthur Shingler (1876–1958), South African cricketer

Helen Shingler (1919–2019), British film and television actress

Nick Shingler (born 1959), British cartoonist, illustrator and building surveyor

Steven Shingler (born 1991), British rugby union player

Nick Shingler
Nick Shingler (born 1959) is an English cartoonist, illustrator and building surveyor known for his artwork and cartoons, especially those published in collaboration with the Coventry Telegraph. He gained popularity as the creator of The Cov Kids cartoons, an ongoing series which he began in 2013 and has been published most notably in the Coventry Telegraph and the Wasps Rugby Matchbooks. Shingler is the host of The Cov Kids cartoon workshops, sessions about art and creativity specially curated for children. He has also collaborated with the Shop Front Festival and UK City of Culture 2021.
CPCCOEt
CPCCOEt is a drug used in scientific research, which acts as a non-competitive antagonist at the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype mGluR1, with high selectivity although only moderate binding affinity. It is used mainly in basic research into the function of the mGluR1 receptor, including the study of behavioural effects in animals including effects on memory and addiction.

Metabotropic glutamate receptor
The metabotropic glutamate receptors, or mGluRs, are a type of glutamate receptor that are active through an indirect metabotropic process.  They are members of the group C family of G-protein-coupled receptors, or GPCRs. Like all glutamate receptors, mGluRs bind with glutamate, an amino acid that functions as an excitatory neurotransmitter.