hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gerry Bertier
Gerry Bertier (/ˈɡɛri/ GHERR-ee; August 20, 1953 – March 20, 1981) was a high school American football player and Paralympian. He became known for his participation on the 1971 Virginia State Champion football T. C. Williams High School team, and their portrayal in the Disney film Remember the Titans. Bertier was also the nephew of Howie Livingston. After the conclusion of the 1971 season, Bertier was involved in an automobile crash that left him paralyzed from the chest down. Despite this injury, Bertier attended Northern Virginia Community College and remained an active athlete, participating in the Paralympics. In 2006, Bertier's family started the "Bertier #42 Foundation", dedicated to raising money for research on spinal cord injuries. There is also a gymnasium at Alexandria City High School (formerly T.C. Williams High School) that bears his name.

Howie Livingston
Howard Livingston (May 15, 1922 – July 27, 1994) was an American professional football player who was a running back  and defensive back in the National Football League (NFL).

Livingston was born in Los Angeles, California and played scholastically at Montebello High School. He played collegiately at Fullerton Junior College.

He spent his eight year NFL career with the New York Giants (1944–1947), Washington Redskins (1948–1950), San Francisco 49ers (1950), and the Chicago Bears (1953). His rookie year, he led the NFL in interceptions, with nine. He finished his career with 29 interceptions, and also scored 20 touchdowns, 16 of those on offense.

His brother Cliff Livingston (1930–2010) also played in the NFL.
Earlham Street Market
Earlham Street Market is a street market in situated in the Seven Dials area of Covent Garden on a short road between Shaftesbury Avenue and Monmouth Street. Licences to trade are issued by Camden London Borough Council.

The market has street food and clothing for sale.

It has 24 pitches and is open from Monday to Saturday, 10.00 to 16.00.

Camden London Borough Council
Camden London Borough Council, also known as Camden Council, legally The Mayor and Burgesses of the London Borough of Camden, is the local authority for the London Borough of Camden in Greater London, England. The council has been under Labour majority control since 2010. The council meets at Camden Town Hall and their other premises.
Athletics at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres
The men's 100 metres event at the 2024 Summer Olympics took place on 3 August and 4 August at the Stade de France in Paris. Noah Lyles won the gold medal, setting a new personal best in the 100m and giving the United States its first victory in the event since 2004. Jamaican Kishane Thompson finished in second, taking the silver medal. The winning time of 9.79 was achieved by both Lyles and Thompson, but Lyles crossed the line 5 ms sooner to take gold. Lyles' teammate Fred Kerley finished third in 9.81, winning bronze.

Marcell Jacobs
Lamont Marcell Jacobs Jr. (Italian pronunciation: [laˈmɔnt marˈsɛl ˈdʒakobs]; born 26 September 1994) is an Italian track and field sprinter and former long jumper. He is the 2020 Olympic 100 metres champion, the 2022 60 metres world champion, the 2022 and 2024 European 100 metres champion, and a member of the gold medal-winning 4 × 100 m relay team at the 2020 Olympics. He currently holds the 100 metres European record, the 60 metres European record, and is the first Italian to qualify for or win the men's 100 metres Olympic final.
Irmino
Irmino (Ukrainian: Ірміно) is a city in Kadiivka urban hromada, Alchevsk Raion (district), Luhansk Oblast (region), Ukraine. Irmino is located 55 km west of Luhansk. It is part of the agglomeration Alchevsk-Kadiivka, in Donbas. It is located on the banks of the river Luhan. The population is 9,270 (2022 estimate), 10,044 (2013 est.).

Since the War in Donbas began in 2014, Irmino has been under the control of the Luhansk People's Republic. Following the 2022 annexation referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine, the Luhansk People's Republic became a federal subject of Russia.

Raions of Ukraine
A raion (Ukrainian: район, romanized: raion; pl. райони, raiony), often translated as district, is the second-level administrative division in Ukraine. Raions were created in a 1922 administrative reform of the Soviet Union, to which Ukraine, as the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, belonged.

On 17 July 2020, the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament) approved an administrative reform to merge most of the 490 raions, along with the "cities of regional significance", which were previously outside the raions, into just 136 reformed raions. Most tasks of the raions (education, healthcare, sport facilities, culture, and social welfare) were taken over by new hromadas, the subdivisions of raions. The 136 new districts include ten in Crimea, which have been de facto outside Ukrainian control since the start of the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2014.
Hypsibarbus suvattii
Hypsibarbus suvattii is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Hypsibarbus which has only been recorded with certainty from the Mae Klong in Thailand.  It is a big-sized cyprinid, reaching 50 cm (19 in) SL, but it is rare species. The specific name honours Thai ichthyologist Chote Suvatti, former professor of Kasetsart University, who is one of the pioneers of fisheries in Thailand.

Mae Klong
The Mae Klong (Thai: แม่น้ำแม่กลอง, RTGS: Maenam Mae Klong, Thai pronunciation: [mɛ̂ːnáːm mɛ̂ː klɔ̄ːŋ]), sometimes spelled Meklong, is a river in western Thailand. The river begins in Kanchanaburi Province and flows across Ratchaburi Province and Samut Songkhram Province.
Emil Hilb
Emil Hilb (born 26 April 1882 in Stuttgart; died 6 August 1929 in Würzburg) was a German-Jewish mathematician who worked in the fields of special functions, differential equations, and difference equations.  He was one of the authors of the Enzyklopädie der mathematischen Wissenschaften (Encyclopedia of mathematical sciences), contributing on the topics of trigonometric series and differential equations.  He wrote a book on Lamé functions.

Hilb obtained his PhD in 1903 under the supervision of Ferdinand von Lindemann. He worked as a high school mathematics teacher in Augsburg until 1906, when Max Noether hired him as an assistant; in 1908 he found a position as a lecturer at the University of Erlangen. He won a position as a professor at the University of Würzburg in 1909, in preference over Ernst Zermelo. His students at Würzburg included Richard Bär, who later became a distinguished experimental physicist, Otto Haupt, and Axel Schur.

Trigonometric series
In mathematics, trigonometric series  are a special class of orthogonal series of the form

where  is the variable and  and  are coefficients. It is an infinite version of a trigonometric polynomial.

A trigonometric series is called the Fourier series of the integrable function  if the coefficients have the form:
Adobe ColdFusion
Adobe ColdFusion is a commercial rapid web-application development computing platform created by J. J. Allaire in 1995. (The programming language used with that platform is also commonly called ColdFusion, though is more accurately known as CFML.) ColdFusion was originally designed to make it easier to connect simple HTML pages to a database. By version 2 (1996) it had become a full platform that included an IDE in addition to a full scripting language.

Rapid application development
Rapid application development (RAD), also called rapid application building (RAB), is both a general term for adaptive software development approaches, and the name for James Martin's method of rapid development. In general, RAD approaches to software development put less emphasis on planning and more emphasis on an adaptive process. Prototypes are often used in addition to or sometimes even instead of design specifications.

RAD is especially well suited for (although not limited to) developing software that is driven by user interface requirements. Graphical user interface builders are often called rapid application development tools. Other approaches to rapid development include the adaptive, agile, spiral, and unified models.
Angela Bonifati
Angela Bonifati is an Italian computer scientist who specializes in databases and big data, including XML data, graph databases, data integration, and the structure of database queries. She works in France as a distinguished professor at Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, head of database research at the Laboratoire d'Informatique en Images et Systèmes (LIRIS) operated jointly by Claude Bernard University and the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), and a senior member of the Institut Universitaire de France. She also holds an affiliation with the University of Waterloo in Canada as an adjunct professor of computer science.

Institut Universitaire de France
The Institut Universitaire de France (IUF, Academic Institute of France), is a service of the French Ministry of Higher Education that annually distinguishes a small number of university professors for their research excellence, as evidenced by their international recognition. Only around 2% of French university faculty are members (active or honorary) of the IUF.
Arizona toad
The Arizona toad (Anaxyrus microscaphus) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the south-western United States, where its natural habitats are temperate lowland forests, rivers and streams, swamps, freshwater marshes, freshwater springs, ponds, open excavations, irrigated land, and seasonally flooded agricultural land.

Toad
Toad (also known as a hoptoad) is a common name for certain frogs, especially of the family Bufonidae, that are characterized by dry, leathery skin, short legs, and large bumps covering the parotoid glands.

In popular culture (folk taxonomy), toads are distinguished from frogs by their drier, rougher skin and association with more terrestrial habitats. However, this distinction does not align precisely with scientific taxonomy.
Vasula
Vasula is a small borough (Estonian: alevik) in Tartu Parish, Tartu County, in southern Estonia. It is about 10 km (6 mi) north of the centre of Tartu, the second largest city in Estonia. Vasula is situated on the left bank of the Amme river. As of the 2011 census, the population of Vasula was 273.

Vasula was first mentioned, as Wasala, in 1220 in the Livonian Chronicle of Henry.

Vasula gained its small borough status in 2013; before that it was a village.

Since 1997, a rock music festival Amme Rock has been held annually in Vasula.

There is a lake called Vasula Lake in the neighbouring village of Lombi, just south of Vasula.

2011 Estonian census
The 2011 Population and Housing Census (PHC 2011) (Estonian: Rahva ja eluruumide loendus (REL 2011)) was a census that was carried out during 31 December 2011 – 31 March 2012 in Estonia by Statistics Estonia.

The total population recorded was 1,294,455 persons, compared to 1,370,052 persons counted in the 2000 Estonian census.
Ben Kerkvliet
Benedict John Kerkvliet (born 1943) is Emeritus Professor at the Department of Political and Social Change, School of International, Political & Strategic Studies, Australian National University. He works across the areas of comparative politics, Southeast Asia and Asian studies.

Jonathan Unger
Professor Jonathan Unger (born 1946) is a journalist and an expert on China. His major works include The Transformation of Rural China and The Nature of Chinese Politics from Mao to Jiang (as editor). Unger is currently conducting research on Chinese state-owned factories. He was editor and co-editor of The China Journal from July 1987 until July 2005.
Green Petrol SEI
Green Petrol, (GPSEI) is one of the Iranian largest providers of fuel retailing solutions.
It's a supplier of fuel dispensers, point of sale systems, Station Equipment, and Fuel Tanker Level Gauge systems and support services. The company's headquarters is in Tehran, IRAN with sales, manufacturing, research, development and service locations in different parts of Iran.

Gasoline pump
A gasoline pump or fuel dispenser is a machine at a filling station that is used to pump gasoline (petrol), diesel, or other types of liquid fuel into vehicles. Gasoline pumps are also known as bowsers or petrol bowsers (in Australia and South Africa), petrol pumps (in Commonwealth countries), or gas pumps (in North America).
Roger Lancaster
Roger Lancaster is a professor of anthropology and cultural studies at George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia, where from 1999 until 2014 he directed the Cultural Studies PhD Program. He is known for his writing in LGBT studies, gender/sexuality, culture and political economy, and critical science studies. His research tries to understand how sexual mores, racial hierarchies, and class predicaments interact in a changing world.

Lancaster is a fellow in the American Anthropological Association. From 2004 to 2006, he served as the AAA's media liaison on kinship, the family, and marriage, fielding questions on same-sex marriage from a range of major media organizations.

Queer studies
Queer studies, sexual diversity studies, or LGBTQ studies is the study of topics relating to sexual orientation and gender identity usually focusing on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, gender dysphoric, asexual, aromantic, queer, questioning, and intersex people and cultures.

Originally centered on LGBT history and literary theory, the field has expanded to include the academic study of issues raised in archaeology, sociology, psychiatry, anthropology, the history of science, philosophy, psychology, sexology, political science, ethics, communication, and other fields by an examination of the identity, lives, history, and perception of being queer.

Queer studies is not the same as queer theory, which is an analytical viewpoint within queer studies (centered on literary studies and philosophy) that challenges the existence of "socially constructed" categories of sexual identity.
Lindenwold High School
Lindenwold High School is a four-year comprehensive public high school that serves students in ninth through twelfth grades from Lindenwold, in Camden County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as the lone secondary school of the Lindenwold Public Schools.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the school had an enrollment of 742 students and 58.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.8:1. There were 505 students (68.1% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 60 (8.1% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Ninth grade
Ninth grade (also 9th or Grade 9) is the ninth year of formal or compulsory education in some countries. It is generally part of high school or secondary school depending on the country. Students in ninth grade are usually 14–15 years old.
Priority ceiling protocol
In real-time computing, the priority ceiling protocol is a synchronization protocol for shared resources to avoid unbounded priority inversion and mutual deadlock due to wrong nesting of critical sections. In this protocol each resource is assigned a priority ceiling, which is a priority equal to the highest priority of any task which may lock the resource. The protocol works by temporarily raising the priorities of tasks in certain situations, thus it requires a scheduler that supports dynamic priority scheduling.

System resource
A computer system resource is any hardware or software aspect of limited availability that is accessible to a computer system. Like any resource, computer system resources can be exhausted, and issues arise due to scarcity.

Resource management, a key aspect of designing hardware and software, includes preventing resource leaks (not releasing a resource done with it) and handling resource contention (when multiple processes want to access the same resource). Computing resources are used in cloud computing to provide services through networks.
Athletics at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games – Women's 440 yards
The women's 440 yards event at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games was held on 6 and 8 August at the Independence Park in Kingston, Jamaica. It was the first and last time that this imperial distance was contested by women at the Games: in 1970 it was replaced by the 400 metres.

440-yard dash
The 440-yard dash, or quarter-mile race, is an obsolete sprint race in track and field competitions.

In many countries, athletes competed in the 440 yard dash (402.336 m) – which corresponds to a quarter mile. Many athletic tracks were 440 yards per lap. In the 19th century it was thought of as a middle distance race.
N-Propylbenzene
n-Propylbenzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon with the formula C6H5CH2CH2CH3.  The molecule consists of a propyl group attached to a phenyl ring.  It is a colorless liquid. A more common structural isomer of this compound is cumene.

n-Propylbenzene is used as a nonpolar organic solvent in various industries, including printing and the dyeing of textiles and in the manufacture of methylstyrene. It can be synthesized by the reaction of the Grignard reagent derived from benzyl chloride with diethyl sulfate.

Chemical polarity
In chemistry, polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment, with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end.

Polar molecules must contain one or more polar bonds due to a difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms. Molecules containing polar bonds have no molecular polarity if the bond dipoles cancel each other out by symmetry.

Polar molecules interact through dipole-dipole intermolecular forces and hydrogen bonds. Polarity underlies a number of physical properties including surface tension, solubility, and melting and boiling points.
1990–91 Yugoslav First Basketball League
The 1990–91 Yugoslav First Basketball League season was the 47th season of the Yugoslav First Basketball League, the highest professional basketball league in SFR Yugoslavia. It was the last edition that featured Croatian teams.

Danko Cvjetićanin
Danko Cvjetićanin (often credited as Cvjetičanin; born 16 October 1963) is a Croatian basketball scout and former player.

Cvjetićanin won two silver medals at the Olympic Games, one with Yugoslavia (1988) and the other with Croatia (1992). Cvjetićanin, who started his career with Partizan, won the European Club Championship with Cibona in 1986. He also played professionally in Spain and Italy.
Giovanni Antonio Orsini del Balzo
Giovanni Antonio (Giannantonio) Orsini del Balzo (9 September 1401 – 15 November 1463) was a southern Italian nobleman and military leader; he was Prince of Taranto, Duke of Bari, Count of Lecce, Acerra, Soleto and Conversano, as well as Count of Matera (1433–63) and of Ugento (1453–63).

Acerra
Acerra (Italian: [aˈtʃɛrra]) is a town and comune of Campania, southern Italy, in the Metropolitan City of Naples, about 15 kilometres (9 miles) northeast of the capital in Naples. It is part of the Agro Acerrano plain.
Ewa (woreda)
Ewa is one of the Districts of Ethiopia, or woredas in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Administrative Zone 4, Ewa is located near the base of the eastern escarpment of the
Ethiopian Highlands, and bordered on the south by the Administrative Zone 1, on the west by the Amhara Region, on the north by Gulina, and on the east by Aura; part of its boundary with Zone 1 is defined by the Logiya River. The major settlement in Ewa is Alele Subula.

Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), this woreda has a total population of 47,203, of whom 26,437 are men and 20,766 women; with an area of 1,463.89 square kilometers, Ewa has a population density of 32.24. While 1,237 or 2.62% are urban inhabitants, a further 26,913 or 57.02% are pastoralists. A total of 7,921 households were counted in this woreda, which results in an average of 6.0 persons to a household, and 8,217 housing units. 99.81% of the population said they were Muslim.

Amhara Region
The Amhara Region (Amharic: አማራ ክልል, romanized: Åmara Kilil), officially the Amhara National Regional State (Amharic: የአማራ ብሔራዊ ክልላዊ መንግሥት, romanized: yeämara bıħérawi kılılawi mengıct), is a regional state in northern Ethiopia and the homeland of the Amhara, Awi, Argobba, and Qemant people. Its capital is Bahir Dar which is the seat of the Regional Government of Amhara. Amhara is the site of the largest inland body of water in Ethiopia, Lake Tana (which is the source of the Blue Nile), Grand Renaissance Dam and Semien Mountains National Park (which includes Ras Dashan, the highest point in Ethiopia). Amhara is bordered by Sudan to the west and northwest and by these regions of Ethiopia: Tigray to the north, Afar to the east, Benishangul-Gumuz to southwest, and Oromia to the south. Towns and cities in Amhara include: Dessie, Gonder, Debre Birhan, Debre Tabor, Kombolcha, Weldiya, Debre Markos, Seqota, Kobo, and Metema. The Regions name is said to mean “noble” or “highland”.
Athletics at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's hammer throw
The men's hammer throw was an event at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. There were 27 participating athletes from 19 nations. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress.

In this Olympics, the Unified Team comprised some of the republics of the former Soviet Union. Andrey Abduvaliyev from Tajikistan, Igor Astapkovich from Belarus, and Igor Nikulin from Russia created a sweep for the Unified Team. It was the fourth sweep in five Games for Soviet/Unified Team athletes; only the boycotted 1984 Games broke the consistent dominance of the Soviets.

The three dominated the competition in the late 80s and early 90s. Astapkovich, the strongest in the season, held the lead after the first round and retook it in the third. Abduvaliyev settled it with his fourth round throw 82.54 m (270 ft 9+1⁄2 in) while both Astapkovich and Nikulin hit their best throws in the final round, they could not match it.

Igor Nikulin (hammer thrower)
Igor Yuriyevich Nikulin (Russian: Игорь Юрьевич Никулин; 14 August 1960 – 7 November 2021) was a hammer thrower who represented the USSR, the Unified Team, and later Russia. He won the bronze medal at the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona, Spain.

Nikulin's U23 world record of 83.54 m, set 2 September 1982 in Athens, put him 2nd in the world of all time behind Sergey Litvinov's 83.98 m. His personal best of 84.48 m was set on 12 July 1990 in Lausanne currently putting him 7th of all time. His father Yuriy Nikulin finished fourth at the men's hammer throw at the 1964 Summer Olympics.

Nikulin died on 7 November 2021, at the age of 61.
Liana Dumitrescu
Liana Dumitrescu (20 January 1973 – 27 January 2011; Macedonian: Лиана Думитреску) was a Romanian politician and the leader of the Association of Macedonians of Romania, a political party representing the ethnic Macedonians of Romania. She served in the Chamber of Deputies between 2004 and 2011.

She was born in Craiova and graduated with a law degree from the University of Bucharest in 1998. Diagnosed with a rare brain disease, she died shortly after at the Elias Hospital in Bucharest, at age 38. She was buried with military honors at Ungureni Cemetery in Craiova.

Craiova
Craiova (/krəˈjoʊvə/, also US: /kraɪˈoʊvə, krɑːˈjɔːvɑː, krɑːˈjoʊvɑː/, Romanian: [kraˈjova] ⓘ) is the largest city in southwestern Romania, the seventh largest city in the country and the capital of Dolj County, situated near the east bank of the river Jiu in central Oltenia.

It is a longstanding political center, and is located at approximately equal distances from the Southern Carpathians (north) and the River Danube (south). Craiova is the chief commercial city west of Bucharest and the most important city of Oltenia. The city prospered as a regional trading centre despite an earthquake in 1790, a plague in 1795, and a Turkish assault in 1802 during which it was burned.

Eight villages are administered by the city: Făcăi, Mofleni, Popoveni, Șimnicu de Jos, Cernele, Cernelele de Sus, Izvoru Rece, and Rovine. The last four were a separate commune called Cernele until 1996, when they were merged into the city.