hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Industrialisation in Africa
Industrialisation in Africa has been slow, with most economies geared towards raw material exports. Colonial administrations attempted rapid industrialisation starting in the 1920s but largely prioritised resource extraction over domestic manufacturing. Post-independence governments in Africa pursued industrialisation as a means of economic development in the latter half of the 20th century, but the implemented policies achieved limited success amid structural challenges. Economic crises and neoliberal policies promoted by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund in the 1980s resulted in deindustrialisation. Despite high growth rates in the early-21st century, structural change toward growing manufacturing sectors was minimal. As of 2023, Africa remained the least industrialised continent in the world.

Ernest Aryeetey
Ernest Aryeetey FGA (born 19 October 1955 in Kumasi, Ghana), is an Emeritus Professor at the  Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research (ISSER) at the University of Ghana. Until 31st July 2024, he was the secretary-general of the African Research Universities Alliance (ARUA). He was also previously vice-chancellor of the University of Ghana (2010-2016). Prior to his appointment as vice-chancellor, he was a senior fellow and director of the Africa Growth Initiative at the Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C. He had also been director of ISSER at the University of Ghana for the period February 2003 to January 2010.
Joan McBride
Joan Leslie McBride (born 1951 or 1952) is an American politician. A Democrat, she was the mayor of Kirkland, Washington, from 2010 to 2013, after which she was elected to the Washington House of Representatives as a member from District 48. She also served on the Kirkland City Council since 1998, sitting as deputy mayor from 2002 until her election as mayor in 2010.

McBride originally announced a bid to succeed state Senator Rodney Tom. However, in April 2014, she and state Representative Cyrus Habib announced they would switch races, with Habib running for Tom's seat and McBride running to replace Habib in the House. McBride was elected in November and sworn on January 12, 2015. She was named assistant Democratic whip.

McBride announced her retirement from the State legislature on March 29, 2018.

Kirkland, Washington
Kirkland is a city in King County, Washington, United States. A suburb east of Seattle, its population was 92,175 in the 2020 U.S. census which made it the sixth largest city in King County and the twelfth largest city in the state of Washington.

The city's downtown waterfront has restaurants, art galleries, a performing arts center, public parks, beaches, and a collection of public art that includes bronze sculptures.

Kirkland was the original home of the Seattle Seahawks; the NFL team's headquarters and training facility were located at the Lake Washington Shipyard (now Carillon Point) along Lake Washington for their first ten seasons (1976–85), then at nearby Northwest University through 2007. Warehouse chain Costco previously had its headquarters in Kirkland. While Costco is now headquartered in Issaquah, the city is the namesake of its "Kirkland Signature" store brand. American video game company Valve was also founded in Kirkland.
Kerrick, Minnesota
Kerrick (/ˈkɛrɪk/ KERR-ik) is a city in Pine County, Minnesota, United States. As of the 2020 census, Kerrick had a population of 71.

Minnesota State Highway 23 serves as a main route in the community.

Minnesota State Highway 23
Minnesota State Highway 23 (MN 23) is a state highway that stretches from southwestern to northeastern Minnesota. At 343.723 miles (553.169 km) in length, it is the second longest state route in Minnesota, after MN 1.

This route, signed east–west, runs roughly diagonally across Minnesota from southwest to northeast. It indirectly connects Duluth to Sioux Falls, South Dakota, and passes through the cities of St. Cloud, Willmar, and Marshall.

MN 23 runs north from its interchange with Interstate 90 (I-90), 1.05 miles (1.69 km) east of the South Dakota line and 13 miles (21 km) east of Sioux Falls and then continues north and east across Minnesota to its terminus at its interchange with I-35 in Duluth.
Il caso Mortara
Il caso Mortara (The Mortara Case) is an opera in two acts composed by Francesco Cilluffo to an Italian-language libretto by the composer himself, inspired by The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara by David Kertzer. The opera was commissioned by the Dicapo Opera Theater, New York, and premiered in February 2010. It is the first Italian opera commissioned to an Italian composer by a New York opera company since the times of Giacomo Puccini at the Metropolitan Opera. New York Times critic Anthony Tommasini hailed it as one of the most important events of New York's 2010 operatic season.

David I. Kertzer
David Israel Kertzer (born February 20, 1948) is an American anthropologist, historian, and academic, specializing in the political, demographic, and religious history of Italy. He is the Paul Dupee Jr. University Professor of Social Science, Professor of Anthropology, and Professor of Italian Studies at Brown University. His book The Pope and Mussolini: The Secret History of Pius XI and the Rise of Fascism in Europe (2014) won the 2015 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography. From July 1, 2006, to June 30, 2011, Kertzer served as Provost at Brown.
Türi Radio Mast
Türi Radio Mast (Estonian: Türi raadiomast) was a radio mast in Türi, Estonia.

The mast's height was 196.6 m. It was built between 1936 and 1937 by the US company Electric Transmission Ltd.

The mast was destroyed in 1941 by Soviet troops to impede the movement of German troops.

Türi
Türi is a town in Järva County, Estonia. It is the administrative centre of Türi Parish. Due to its spring flower fairs, which have been held since 1977 and are known throughout Estonia, Türi has also been known as the "spring capital" of Estonia since 2000.

It has a railway station on the Tallinn - Viljandi railway line operated by Elron (rail transit).
Candidapepsin
Candidapepsin (EC 3.4.23.24, Candida albicans aspartic proteinase, Candida albicans carboxyl proteinase, Candida albicans secretory acid proteinase, Candida olea acid proteinase, Candida aspartic proteinase, Candida olea aspartic proteinase) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

Preferential cleavage at the carboxyl of hydrophobic amino acids, but fails to cleave Leu15-Tyr, Tyr16-Leu and Phe24-Phe of insulin B chain. Activates trypsinogen, and degrades keratin

This endopeptidase is present in yeast Candida albicans.

Keratin
Keratin (/ˈkɛrətɪn/) is one of a family of structural fibrous proteins also known as scleroproteins. It is the key structural material making up scales, hair, nails, feathers, horns, claws, hooves, and the outer layer of skin in tetrapod vertebrates. Keratin also protects epithelial cells from damage or stress. Keratin is extremely insoluble in water and organic solvents. Keratin monomers assemble into bundles to form intermediate filaments, which are tough and form strong unmineralized epidermal appendages found in reptiles, birds, amphibians, and mammals.  Excessive keratinization participate in fortification of certain tissues such as in horns of cattle and rhinos, and armadillos' osteoderm. The only other biological matter known to approximate the toughness of keratinized tissue is chitin.
Keratin comes in two types: the primitive, softer forms found in all vertebrates and the harder, derived forms found only among sauropsids (reptiles and birds).
True Colours (Split Enz album)
True Colours is the fifth studio album released by New Zealand band Split Enz, and was their first major commercial success. Released on 21 January 1980, the album featured more pronounced contributions from co-lead singer and songwriter Neil Finn than previous releases. The album's New Zealand and Australian number 1 single, "I Got You", which also broke them internationally, is credited to him. The US release of the album featured "Shark Attack" and "I Got You" in reversed positions due to the latter's success on the single charts.

Eddie Rayner
Anthony Edward Charles Rayner (born 19 November 1952) is a New Zealand musician who spent ten years as a keyboardist in the band Split Enz. He has also played in the groups Orb, Space Waltz, Crowded House, the Makers, The Angels in 1986-1987 and 801.
Soweto String Quartet
The Soweto String Quartet is a string quartet from Soweto (Johannesburg) in Gauteng, South Africa, composed of Reuben Khemese, Makhosini Mnguni, Sandile Khemese and Thami Khemese. Their music is a fusion of the "dance rhythms of Kwela, the syncopated guitars of Mbaqanga, the saxophones and trumpets of swaying African jazz and the voices of people singing in joyous, easy harmony".

The Soweto String Quartet is autonomous and independent and has not affiliated with any organisation or institution since its inception. The quartet became a full-time professional outfit in 1992. They performed at President Mandela's inauguration, after which Mandela started recommending them for other jobs. The album Zebra Crossing peaked at number 16 and Renaissance peaked at number 29 on the Australian ARIA Charts.

City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality
The City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala weDolobhakazi laseGoli) is a metropolitan municipality that manages the local governance of Johannesburg, the largest city in South Africa. It is divided into several branches and departments in order to expedite services for the city. Zulu is the most spoken home language at 23.4% followed by English at 20.1%.

Johannesburg is a divided municipality: the poor mostly live in the southern suburbs or on the peripheries of the far north, and the middle and upper class live largely in the suburbs of the center and north. As of 2012, unemployment was near 25% and most young people were out of work. Around 20% of the municipality lives in abject poverty in informal settlements that lack proper roads, electricity, or any other kind of direct municipal service.
NASA Standard Initiator
The NASA Standard Initiator (NSI) is a pyrotechnic device used to set off other pyrotechnic devices.
It is the central multi-purpose component of a modular system of detonating cords, pyrotechnics and various other explosive charges with many different uses.

The ignition charge of the device is a blend of zirconium, potassium perchlorate, Viton B and graphite, often abbreviated as ZPP.

Uses of the device include:

Setting off pressure cartridges, pocket sized gas generators which in turn pneumatically activate other systems.

Setting off the NASA standard detonator, which itself activates other systems explosively.

Triggering Pyrotechnic Circuit Interrupters, severing bundles of electrical cables.

Triggering explosive valves to open/close pressurization lines or fuel lines.

Triggering a pyrotechnic pin puller which opens a Marman clamp, separating two spacecraft.

Acting as an igniter.

Gas generator
A gas generator is a device for generating gas.  A gas generator may create gas by a chemical reaction or from a solid or liquid source, when storing a pressurized gas is undesirable or impractical.

The term often refers to a device that uses a rocket propellant to generate large quantities of gas.  The gas is typically used to drive a turbine rather than to provide thrust as in a rocket engine.  Gas generators of this type are used to power turbopumps in rocket engines, in a gas-generator cycle.

It is also used by some auxiliary power units to power electric generators and hydraulic pumps.

Another common use of the term is in the industrial gases industry, where gas generators are used to produce gaseous chemicals for sale. For example, the chemical oxygen generator, which delivers breathable oxygen at a controlled rate over a prolonged period.

Other types include the gas generator in an automobile airbag, which is designed to rapidly produce a specific quantity of inert gas.
Afternoon of a Faun (Rushton)
Afternoon of a Faun is a ballet made by Danish Dance Theatre balletmaster Tim Rushton on Johan Kobborg; principal dancer at the Royal Ballet, London; to Debussy's Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune.

The premiere took place in February 2006 at New York City Center as part of the Kings of the Dance gala and subsequently at Orange County Performing Arts Center, Costa Mesa, Calif. Kobborg performed it again in October 2007 as part of City Center's Fall for Dance festival. Both Rushton and Kobburg danced for the Royal Danish Ballet earlier in their careers, Kobburg a principal there as well as in London.

Rushton's setting differs materially from Nijinsky's original in its use of three pools of light produced by beam projectors which appear successively stage center, left and right (center, right and left from the audience's perspective), in which the faun / dancer capers and bathes; it resembles what is known of the original mostly in its costuming.

Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune
Prélude à l'Après-midi d'un faune (L. 86), known in English as Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun, is a symphonic poem for orchestra by Claude Debussy, approximately 10 minutes in duration. It was composed in 1894 and first performed in Paris on 22 December 1894, conducted by Gustave Doret. The flute solo was played by Georges Barrère.

The composition was inspired by the poem L'après-midi d'un faune by Stéphane Mallarmé. It is one of Debussy's most famous works and is considered a turning point in the history of Western art music, as well as a masterpiece of Impressionist composition. Pierre Boulez considered the score to be the beginning of modern music, observing that "the flute of the faun brought new breath to the art of music." The work is dedicated to the composer Raymond Bonheur, son of the painter Auguste Bonheur.

Debussy's work later provided the basis for the ballet Afternoon of a Faun choreographed by Vaslav Nijinsky and a later version by Jerome Robbins.
Greg Davids
Gregory Michael Davids (born August 28, 1958) is an American politician serving in the Minnesota House of Representatives since 2009, and from 1991 to 2006. A member of the Republican Party of Minnesota, Davids represents District 26B in southeastern Minnesota, which includes the cities of La Crescent and Spring Valley, and parts of Fillmore, Houston, and Mower Counties.

Houston County, Minnesota
Houston County (/ˈhjuːstən/ HEW-stən) is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. At the 2020 census, the population was 18,843. Its county seat is Caledonia. Houston County is included in the La Crosse–Onalaska Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Fifty-ninth session of the United Nations General Assembly
The fifty-ninth session of the United Nations General Assembly opened on 14 September 2004 at the UN Headquarters in New York. The president was Jean Ping, former Minister for Foreign Affairs of Gabon
and later Presidential candidate

Minister for Foreign Affairs (Gabon)
The Minister for Foreign Affairs of Gabon is a government minister in charge of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Gabon, responsible for conducting foreign relations of the country.

The following is a list of foreign ministers of Gabon since its founding in 1960:
Taghrud
Taghrud (Persian: طغرود, also Romanized as Ţaghrūd, Tagharūd, Tah Rūd, Tājrūd, Ţaqrūd, Tegārūd, Toghrood, and Ţoghrūd) is a village in Jafarabad Rural District, Jafarabad District, Qom County, Qom Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 438, in 125 families.

Jafarabad District
Jafarabad District is a district that lies in the southeastern part of Pakistan's province of Balochistan. Dera Allah Yar, also known as Jhatpat among locals, serves as the district headquarters.  Jafarabad District is sub-divided into two tehsils. According to 2023 Pakistani census Jafarabad district has a population of  594,558.
Sebastian Nachreiner
Sebastian Nachreiner (born 23 November 1988) is a German former professional footballer who played as a defender.

Nachreiner made his professional debut during the 2010–11 3. Liga season in a 2–1 away win over FC Carl Zeiss Jena. Over a 13 year career, he played in more than 260 competitive matches with Jahn Regensburg.

Nachreiner was born in Gottfrieding. Outside football, he is working on this doctoral dissertation in legal theory about the rights and duties of referees.

2010–11 3. Liga
The 2010–11 3. Liga was the third season of the 3. Liga, Germany's third tier of its football league system. The season commenced on the weekend of 23 July 2010 and ended with the last games on 14 May 2011. The winter break was in effect between weekends around 18 December 2010 and 29 January 2011.
2005 Euro Beach Soccer League
The 2005 Euro Beach Soccer League, was the eighth edition of the Euro Beach Soccer League (EBSL), originally known as the European Pro Beach Soccer League, the premier beach soccer competition contested between European men's national teams, occurring annually since its establishment in 1998. The league was organised by Beach Soccer Worldwide (BSWW) between July 8 and August 28, 2005 in five different nations across Europe.

Following the preceding season, BSWW continued organising the nations of the EBSL across three divisions (A, B and C), with each team competing in their respective division to try and earn a place in the season-finale event, the Superfinal, in which the league title was then contested directly.

Italy were ultimately crowned champions, coming back from 5–1 down in the last period of the final to win their first European title. France entered the league as defending champions but lost in the Superfinal semi-finals, finishing the league in third place.

Beach soccer
Beach soccer, also known as beach football, sand football or sand soccer, is a variant of association football played on a beach or some form of sand between two teams of five players each.

Association football has long been played informally on beaches. Beach soccer was introduced in 1992 as an effort to codify rules for the game by the founders of Beach Soccer Worldwide, a company set up to develop the sport and responsible for the majority of its tournaments. FIFA has held the Beach Soccer World Cup biennially since 2005.

The first international matches were played in 1993 for men and 2009 for women. As of July 2023, there are 193 men's and 64 women's clubs and 101 men's and 23 women's national teams sorted in the Beach Soccer Worldwide Rankings.
Birrong Girls High School
Birrong Girls High School is a government-funded single-sex comprehensive secondary day school for girls, located on Cooper Road, Birrong, a western suburb of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia.

Established in 1957, the school enrolled approximately 790 students in 2018, from Year 7 to Year 12, of whom one percent identified as Indigenous Australians and 94 percent were from a language background other than English. The school is operated by the NSW Department of Education in accordance with a curriculum developed by the New South Wales Education Standards Authority; the principal is Zena Dabaja.

Department of Education (New South Wales)
The New South Wales Department of Education, a department of the Government of New South Wales, is responsible for the delivery and co-ordination of early childhood, primary school, secondary school, vocational education, adult, migrant and higher education in the state of New South Wales, Australia.

The department was preceded by the Board of National Education and Council of Education, and has been formerly known by a number of names, including Department of Public Instruction, the Department of Education and Training (DET) between December 1997 and April 2011, and the Department of Education and Communities (DEC) between April 2011 and July 2015.

The department's powers are principally drawn from the Education Act, 1990  (NSW).
Ranger (surname)
Ranger is a surname; people with that name include:

Andrew Ranger, Canadian racing driver

Henry Ward Ranger, American artist

Ivan Ranger, Croatian baroque painter

Mick Ranger, English arms dealer

Nile Ranger, English footballer who plays for Football League One club Southend United

Paul Ranger, Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman

Rene Ranger, New Zealand rugby union player

Richard H. Ranger, American electrical engineer and inventor

Rose Ranger, Canadian singer-songwriter

Scott Ranger, Canadian lacrosse player

Terence Ranger, (1929–2015) British historian of Africa

Rose Ranger
Rose Ranger (born in North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, music producer and actress. Now with six albums, Ranger performs both solo and with her band. She has written and recorded with some of Canada's top musicians, toured the world, opened for Keith Urban, and her original songs have been featured in The Young and the Restless, Beautiful People, Strong Medicine, Undressed, Joan of Arcadia, Dawson's Creek, Party of Five, Hallmark's The Story of Us, GAC’s Destined At Christmas, Lifetime's Christmas Angel, Whistler Film Festival, CBC Docs, and feature films including, The Bandit Hound and Deluxe Combo Platter.
Domenico De Luca
Domenico De Luca (2 January 1928 – 16 September 2006) was a Tunisia-born Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who served for ten years as Apostolic Nuncio to Morocco.

Domenico De Luca was born on 2 January 1928 in Sfax, Tunisia. He was ordained a priest of the Archdiocese of Naples on 27 July 1952.

He entered the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy in 1957 to prepare for a career in the diplomatic service of the Holy See.

On 22 May 1993, Pope John Paul II appointed him Titular Archbishop of Teglata in Numidia and Apostolic Nuncio to Morocco. He received his episcopal consecration from Cardinal Angelo Sodano on 3 July.

Pope John Paul II accepted his resignation on 17 July 2003.

He died on 16 September 2006.

Archdiocese of Naples
The Archdiocese of Naples (Italian: Arcidiocesi di Napoli; Neapolitan: Arcidiocesi 'e Napule); Latin: Archidioecesis Neapolitana) is a Latin archdiocese of the Catholic Church  in southern Italy, the see being in Naples. A Christian community was founded there in the 1st century AD and the diocese of Naples was raised to the level of an Archdiocese in the 10th century.  Two Archbishops of Naples have been elected Pope, Paul IV and Innocent XII.

In 2004 it counted c. 1,600,000 baptized people.

The current ordinary of the Archdiocese of Naples is Cardinal Crescenzio Sepe. Lucio Lemmo and Gennaro Acampa are auxiliary
bishops.

In the foreword to the Summa Theologica, the famous theological summary of the Catholic Church's doctrines, where a biography of the author, Saint Thomas Aquinas, is found, it is mentioned that he was offered the post of Archbishop of Naples (in the 1200s), which even then was one of the most prominent archdioceses, but turned it down.
1982 African Cup of Nations final
The 1982 African Cup of Nations final was a football match on March 19, 1982, at the Stade de 11-Juin in Tripoli, Libya, to determine the winner of the 1982 African Cup of Nations. Ghana defeated Libya 7–6 on penalty kicks after regulation ended 1–1 with goals from George Alhassan for Ghana and Ali Al-Beshari for Libya. This was Ghana's fourth and last continental title as of 2026.

Ali Al-Beshari
Ali Al-Beshari (Arabic: علي البشاري), (born 1962) could be transliterated as Bshari, is a Libyan footballer. He scored three goals in the 1982 African cup of nations in Libya, which made him the tournament's second leading goalscorer (after Ghana's George Alhassan).

He scored for Al-Ahly more than 40 goals, and nine goals for the national team in more than 60 matches.