hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Central Highlands terrane
The Central Highlands terrane in Scotland, also known as the Grampian terrane, is a sequence of early Paleozoic metamorphic rocks containing many igneous intrusions. It stretches from the Great Glen Fault, south-east down to the Highland Boundary.

The terrane contains mostly gabbro and gneiss that show intrusions of granite and dolerite. Limestones in the region also contain many fossils such as trilobites and brachiopods.

Gabbro
Gabbro (/ˈɡæbroʊ/ GAB-roh) is a phaneritic (coarse-grained), mafic (magnesium- and iron-rich),  intrusive igneous rock formed from the slow cooling magma into a holocrystalline mass deep beneath the Earth's surface. Slow-cooling, coarse-grained gabbro has the same chemical composition and mineralogy as rapid-cooling, fine-grained basalt. Much of the Earth's oceanic crust is made of gabbro, formed at mid-ocean ridges. Gabbro is also found as plutons associated with continental volcanism. Due to its variant nature, the term gabbro may be applied loosely to a wide range of intrusive rocks, many of which are merely "gabbroic". It is often called "black granite" commercially, just as other intrusive rocks are called "granite" in the dimension stone industry. By rough analogy, gabbro is to basalt as granite is to rhyolite.
2021 Tennis in the Land
The 2021 Tennis in the Land event was a professional women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at Jacobs Pavilion. It was the first edition of the tournament held in the city of Cleveland in the United States and was a part of the WTA 250 category of the 2021 WTA Tour.

Maria Mateas
Maria Mateaș (born July 21, 1999) is a Romanian-American tennis player. She has a career-high WTA singles ranking of 190, achieved on 26 August 2024.

On the ITF Junior Circuit, Mateas had a career-high combined ranking of 26 in April 2016.
Vatnaöldur
Vatnaöldur (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈvahtnaˌœltʏr̥]) is the name of a series of craters in the Suðurland region of Iceland. They are  located in the Highlands of Iceland, north–west of the Veiðivötn and north–east of Landmannalaugar, within the municipality of Rangárþing ytra. It is part of the Eastern volcanic zone (EVZ).

The craters were formed during a series of eruptions associated with a basaltic dyke intrusion from the volcanic system of Bárðarbunga around the year 877. These eruptions, like those of the neighbouring Veiðivötn, were from about 65 kilometres (40 mi) (or 42 kilometres (26 mi)) long volcanic fissures within the area of a lake. The mainly explosive eruptions emitted 5–10 km3 (1.2–2.4 cu mi) of tholeiite basalt. There was an associated rhyolite eruption near Torfajökull triggered by the intrusion.: 388  The associated tephra layer is called the Settlement layer, and covers more than half of Iceland’s land surface.

Southern Region (Iceland)
Southern Region (Icelandic: Suðurland, pronounced [ˈsʏːðʏrˌlant] ⓘ, lit. 'Southern Land') is a region of Iceland. The population of the region was 34,076 (1 January 2024). The largest town in the region is Selfoss, with a population of 9,812 as of 2024.
Ust-Shchuger
Ust-Shchuger (Russian: Усть-Щугер, Komi: Тшугӧр, Čugör), formerly known as Ust-Shchugor (Усть-Щугор), is a rural locality (a village) in the Komi Republic, Russia, located at an elevation of 85 meters (279 ft) near the confluence of the Pechora and Shchuger Rivers. The Shchugor River was once a minor route into Siberia. From its headwaters one could cross the Ural Mountains to reach the Severnaya Sosva River thereby allowing travel from the Pechora River to the Ob River.

Ob
The Ob (/ˈɒb/; Russian: Обь) is a major river in Russia. It is in western Siberia, and with its tributary the Irtysh forms the world's seventh-longest river system, at 5,410 kilometres (3,360 mi). The Ob forms at the confluence of the Biya and Katun which have their origins in the Altai Mountains. It is the westernmost of the three great Siberian rivers that flow into the Arctic Ocean (the other two being the Yenisei and the Lena). Its flow is north-westward, then northward.

The main city on its banks is Novosibirsk, the largest city in Siberia, and the third-largest city in Russia. It is where the Trans-Siberian Railway crosses the river.

The Gulf of Ob is the world's longest estuary.
Tonton Macoute
The Tonton Macoute (Haitian Creole: Tonton Makout [tɔ̃tɔ̃ makut]) or simply the Macoute, was a Haitian paramilitary and secret police force created in 1959 by dictator François "Papa Doc" Duvalier. Haitians named this force after the Haitian mythological bogeyman, Tonton Macoute ("Uncle Gunnysack"), who kidnaps and punishes unruly children by snaring them in a gunny sack (macoute) before carrying them off to be consumed for breakfast. The Macoute were known for their brutality, state terrorism, and assassinations. In 1970, the militia was renamed the Volontaires de la Sécurité Nationale (VSN, English: National Security Volunteers). Though formally disbanded in 1986, its members continued to terrorize the country.

Bogeyman
The bogeyman (/ˈboʊɡimæn/; also spelled or known as bogyman, bogy, or bogey, and boogeyman in the United States and Canada) is a mythical creature typically used to frighten children into good behaviour. Bogeymen have no specific appearances, and conceptions vary drastically by household and culture, but they are most commonly depicted as masculine, androgynous or even feminine monsters that punish children for misbehaviour. The bogeyman, and conceptually similar monsters, can be found in many cultures around the world. Bogeymen may target a specific act or general misbehaviour, depending on the purpose of invoking the figure, often on the basis of a warning from an authority figure to a child. The term is sometimes used as a non-specific personification of, or metonym for, terror – and sometimes the Devil.
Polarization-maintaining optical fiber
In fiber optics, polarization-maintaining optical fiber (PMF or PM fiber) is a single-mode optical fiber in which linearly polarized light, if properly launched into the fiber, maintains a linear polarization during propagation, exiting the fiber in a specific linear polarization state; there is little or no cross-coupling of optical power between the two polarization modes. Such fiber is used in special applications where preserving polarization is essential.

Linear polarization
In electrodynamics, linear polarization or plane polarization of electromagnetic radiation is a confinement of the electric field vector or magnetic field vector to a given plane along the direction of propagation. The term linear polarization (French: polarisation rectiligne) was coined by Augustin-Jean Fresnel in 1822. See polarization and plane of polarization for more information.

The orientation of a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave is defined by the direction of the electric field vector.  For example, if the electric field vector is vertical (alternately up and down as the wave travels) the radiation is said to be vertically polarized.
2018 Canadian Championship final
The 2018 Canadian Championship final was the deciding series of the 2018 Canadian Championship. The series was contested by rivals Toronto FC and the Vancouver Whitecaps FC of Major League Soccer. It was the fourth final series to be played between Vancouver and Toronto, with Toronto having won all previous encounters. Toronto FC successfully defended their 2017 title with a 7–4 aggregate victory over Vancouver, obtaining their seventh national championship title and qualifying for the 2019 CONCACAF Champions League.

2019 CONCACAF Champions League
The 2019 CONCACAF Champions League (officially the 2019 Scotiabank CONCACAF Champions League) was the 11th edition of the CONCACAF Champions League under its current name, and overall the 54th edition of the premier football club competition organized by CONCACAF, the regional governing body of North America, Central America, and the Caribbean.

Monterrey defeated UANL 2–1 on aggregate in the final to win their fourth title. As the winners of the 2019 CONCACAF Champions League, they qualified for the 2019 FIFA Club World Cup in Qatar. Guadalajara were the title holders, but did not qualify for this tournament and were unable to defend their title.
Cape Columbine Lighthouse
The Cape Columbine Lighthouse is a South African lighthouse on the shore of the Atlantic Ocean at Cape Columbine, about 3 km from Paternoster on the West Coast.

The 15-metre-high (49 ft) tower is made of wood. It was built in 1936 on a piece of higher ground called Castle Rock, which places the light 80 metres (260 ft) above sea level. The tower was designed and built by H. C. Cooper. It was opened by his wife at sunset on October 1, 1936.

Cape Columbine was named after the ship Columbine that sank there in 1829.

West Coast, Western Cape
The West Coast is a region of the Western Cape province in South Africa and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean on the west and the Swartland region on the east.

The region stretches for over 400 km from north to south and is known for its scenery and fertile fishing grounds. The main towns in this region are Saldanha, Paternoster, Vredenburg, Velddrif, St. Helena Bay, Langebaan, Hopefield, Darling and Yzerfontein. The region's main nature reserve is the West Coast National Park.
Rabbit à la Berlin
Rabbit à la Berlin (Polish: Królik po berlińsku, Deutsch: Mauerhase) is a 2009 documentary film, directed by Bartosz Konopka. The script was written by Konopka and Mateusz Romaszkan, and the movie was a joint German-Polish production with the producers Heino Deckert and Anna Wydra. It was nominated for an Oscar in 2010 for Best Documentary, Short Subject. It has also won awards at the Kraków Film Festival and the Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival.

The film tells the story of the Berlin Wall but from point of view of a group of wild rabbits that inhabited the zone between the two walls separating West Berlin from East Germany during the Cold War.

Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival
The Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival is the largest documentary festival in North America. The event takes place annually in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The 27th edition of the festival took place online throughout May and June 2020. In addition to the annual festival, Hot Docs owns and operates the Hot Docs Ted Rogers Cinema, administers multiple production funds, and runs year-round screening programs including Doc Soup and Hot Docs Showcase.
Waitin' for the Sun to Shine
Waitin' for the Sun to Shine is the third studio album by American country music artist Ricky Skaggs.  It was released in 1981 on Epic Records.  Skaggs himself produced the album, and played on all the songs.

Four of the ten tracks were released as singles; "Don't Get Above Your Raisin'" peaked at number 16 on the U.S. Country charts, while charting at number 47 in Canada.  The next three singles were much more successful.  "You May See Me Walkin'" got to number nine in the U.S., and reached number 16 in Canada, while "Cryin' My Heart Out Over You" and "I Don't Care" were both number one hits in the U.S. (while reaching number 3 & 2, respectively, in Canada).

The album itself went to number 2 on the country charts in the States and went gold.  It was also his first time on the pop charts, where the album went to number 77.

Ricky Skaggs
Rickie Lee Skaggs (born July 18, 1954), known professionally as Ricky Skaggs, is an American neotraditional country and bluegrass singer, musician, producer, and composer. He primarily plays mandolin, but he also plays fiddle, guitar, and banjo.

Skaggs was inducted into the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum in 2016 and both the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame and the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2018. On January 13, 2021, Skaggs was announced to have been awarded the National Medal of Arts by President Donald Trump, alongside fellow country musician Toby Keith.
Salehat
Salehat (Persian: صالحات, also Romanized as Şāleḩāt) is a village in Khanmirza Rural District, Khanmirza District, Lordegan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 343, in 68 families. The village is populated by Lurs.

Lurs
The Lurs, Lors or Luris (Persian: لر) are an Iranian people living in western and southern Iran. The four Luri branches are the Bakhtiari, Mamasani, Kohgiluyeh and Lur proper, who are principally linked by the Luri language.

Lorestan province is named after the Lurs, but not all Lurs live in Lorestan, nor are all the inhabitants of Lorestan ethnic Lurs. Many Lurs live in other provinces of Iran including Fars, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Khuzestan, Hamadan, Isfahan, Tehran southern Ilam province, and Genaveh county in Bushehr province.
Stephanie J. London
Stephanie J. London is an American epidemiologist and physician-scientist specializing in environmental health, respiratory diseases, and genetic susceptibility. She is the deputy chief of the epidemiology branch at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.

Environmental health
Environmental health is the branch of public health concerned with all aspects of the natural and built environment affecting human health. Its study determines the requirements for a healthy environment, with the goal of effective control over the factors that affect health. The major sub-disciplines of environmental health are environmental science, toxicology, environmental epidemiology, and environmental and occupational medicine.
Alkalihalobacillus rhizosphaerae
Shouchella Clausii formerly referred to as Alkalihalobacillus rhizosphaerae, before it was renamed in 2022 by the science community, is a Gram-positive, diazotrophic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Alkalihalobacillus which has been isolated from rhizospheric soil.

Diazotroph
Diazotrophs are organisms capable of nitrogen fixation, i.e. converting the relatively inert diatomic nitrogen (N2) in Earth's atmosphere into bioavailable compound forms such as ammonia. Diazotrophs are typically microorganisms such as bacteria and archaea, with examples being rhizobia and Frankia and Azospirillum. All diazotrophs contain iron-molybdenum or iron-vanadium nitrogenase systems, and two of the most studied systems are those of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Azotobacter vinelandii due to their genetic tractability and their fast growth.
Lake Minnewaska (Minnesota)
Lake Minnewaska is a lake in Pope County, in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It is approximately 8,050 sq acres (33 km2) in size with 20 miles (32 km) of shoreline. The lake has a maximum depth of 32 feet (10 m) and an average depth of 17 feet (5 m). The cities of Glenwood and Starbuck are located along the lake.

The lake is home to a variety of fish species, including walleye, northern pike, bass, and sunfish. It is part of the watershed of the Minnesota River via Outlet Creek, Lake Emily, and an unnamed channel that flows from Lake Emily to the Chippewa River.

The name Minnewaska means "good water" in the Dakota language, derived from the words "mini" meaning water and "waste" meaning good.

Bass (fish)
Bass (/bæs/;pl.: bass) is a common name shared by many species of ray-finned fish from the large clade Percomorpha, mainly belonging to the orders Perciformes and Moroniformes, encompassing both freshwater and marine species. The word bass comes from Middle English bars, meaning "perch", despite that none of the commonly referred bass species belong to the perch family Percidae.
Thornwood Common Flood Meadow
Thornwood Common Flood Meadow is a 3-hectare (7.4-acre) Local Nature Reserve in Thornwood Common in Essex. It is owned and managed by Epping Forest District Council.

The flood meadow was created in 1998 by the council and the National Rivers Authority to alleviate flooding in Thornwood village, and it is managed for nature conservation. A wetland meadow, 800 trees and a 200-metre hedge have been created. Flowers include ragged robin, oxeye daisy and knapweed.

There is access by a footpath from Thornwood Common High Road, south of Woodside.

Epping Forest District
Epping Forest District is a local government district in Essex, England. It is named after the ancient woodland of Epping Forest, a large part of which lies within the district. The district covers northeastern parts of the urban area of London, including the suburban towns of Epping, Loughton, Waltham Abbey, Chigwell, and Buckhurst Hill, as well as rural areas beyond it. The district is situated in the west of the county, bordering north-eastern Greater London.

The administrative headquarters of Epping Forest District Council are in the town of Epping. Neighbouring districts are Brentwood, Broxbourne, Chelmsford, East Hertfordshire, Enfield, Harlow, Havering, Redbridge, Uttlesford and Waltham Forest. In 2021 it had a population of 134,909.
Women's Western Open
The Women's Western Open was an American professional golf tournament founded in 1930. The LPGA was established in 1950, and it recognized the Western Open as one of its major championships through 1967. All of the events back to 1930 have been designated as majors by the LPGA.

Organized by the Women's Western Golf Association, the tournament was match play through 1954, then became a 72-hole stroke play event. All of the winners were American.

Match play
Match play is a scoring system for golf in which a player, or team, earns a point for each hole in which they have bested their opponents; as opposed to stroke play, in which the total number of strokes is counted over one or more rounds of 18 holes. In match play the winner is the player, or team, with the most points at the end of play.

Although most professional tournaments are played using the stroke play scoring system, there are, or have been, some exceptions, for example the now defunct WGC Match Play and the Volvo World Match Play Championship, and most team events, for example the Ryder Cup and Presidents Cup, all of which are in match play format.
Fine Motion
Fine Motion (ファインモーション, Hepburn: Fain Mōshon, foaled 27 January 1999) is an Irish-bred, Japanese-trained Thoroughbred racehorse who won the Shūka Sho and the Queen Elizabeth II Commemorative Cup in 2002. She was also awarded with JRA Best Three-Year-Old Filly in the same year. With a total of 15 starts and 8 wins from those races, she earned 494,518,000 JPY in total before retiring from racing.

Queen Elizabeth II Cup (Japan)
The Queen Elizabeth II Cup (Queen Elizabeth II Commemorative Cup until 2012) is an International Grade 1 flat horse race in Japan for three-year-old and above thoroughbred fillies and mares run over a distance of 2,200 metres (approximately 1 mile 3 furlongs) on the turf at Kyoto Racecourse in November.

Originally called the Victoria Cup, it was renamed the Queen Elizabeth II Cup in 1975 to commemorate the visit of Elizabeth II to Japan.
Nicolae Bălcescu Land Forces Academy
The Nicolae Bălcescu Land Forces Military Academy (Romanian: Academia Forțelor Terestre „Nicolae Bălcescu”) is an institute of higher military education located in Sibiu, Romania.

The institution was established July 1, 1920, at the initiative of Minister of War Ioan Rășcanu, through Decree 5376/1920 signed by King Ferdinand I of Romania. It is named after Nicolae Bălcescu,  a Romanian Wallachian soldier and leader of the Wallachian Revolution of 1848.

Ministry of National Defence (Romania)
The Ministry of National Defence (Romanian: Ministerul Apărării Naționale — MApN) is one of the eighteen ministries of the Government of Romania.

The current acting Minister of National Defence is Radu-Dinel Miruță.
Italian destroyer Ascari
Ascari was one of nineteen Soldati-class destroyers built for the Regia Marina (Royal Italian Navy) in the late 1930s and early 1940s. Completed in mid-1939, she was the last of the first batch of a dozen ships to enter service.

Regia Marina
The Regia Marina (Italian for 'Royal Navy', pronounced [ˈrɛːdʒa maˈriːna]) (RM) or Royal Italian Navy was the navy of the Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) from 1861 to 1946. In 1946, with the birth of the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), the Regia Marina changed its name to Marina Militare ("Military Navy").
The Mr. Science Show
The Mr. Science Show was a lecture based science television program for children developed by Tim Perkins, which aired weekly in the 1990s on Time Warner Cable's Public-access television cable TV channel. The program was produced in Melbourne, Florida, United States. The show utilized simple science experiments, silly stories, and stunts to explain specific concepts in science.

Stunt
A stunt is an unusual, difficult, dramatic physical feat that may require a special skill, performed for artistic purposes usually for a public audience, as on television or in theaters or cinema. Stunts are a feature of many action films. Before computer-generated imagery special effects, these depictions were limited to the use of models, false perspective and other in-camera effects, unless the creator could find someone willing to carry them out, even such dangerous acts as jumping from car to car in motion or hanging from the edge of a skyscraper: the stunt performer or stunt double.
Jadar Radom
Jadar Radom was a Polish volleyball club, from Radom, which existed between 2003 and 2011. From 2006 to 2010 they played in the highest level of Polish Volleyball League.

The club was founded to fill the void after the city's traditional club Czarni Radom folded in 2003. However soon Czarni's fans were conflicted with Jadar because the club did not continue the history and tradition of Czarni Radom that had gone bankrupt. Since 2005 they were not allowed to watch any match of Jadar. This caused conflict among the "new" Jadar fans and the "old" Czarni fans who wanted Jadar to continue the legacy of the dissolved Czarni club. In the end due to the conflict Czarni started attending the reserve Jadar matches and then reformed the original club in 2007 on the basis of them.

PlusLiga
The PlusLiga is the highest level of men's volleyball in Poland, a professional league competition featuring volleyball clubs located in this country. It is overseen by Polska Liga Siatkówki SA (PLS SA). It is currently a 14 teams league from October to April/May. The regular season is followed by playoffs, with the winner earning the Polish Championship (Polish: Mistrzostwo Polski). It is one of the best volleyball leagues in Europe, being highly ranked in the international competitions.

The league in its current form was founded in 2000 and was originally known as Polska Liga Siatkówki (Polish Volleyball League). Since 2008 it is named PlusLiga after a mobile phone network brand, Plus.
The Birth of Greece
The Birth of Greece (UK title: Ancient Greece: Utopia and Reality; French: La Naissance de la Grèce : Des Rois aux Cités, lit. 'The Birth of Greece: From Kings to Cities [City-States]') is a 1990 illustrated monograph on the history of ancient Greece. Written by French historian Pierre Lévêque, and published by Éditions Gallimard as the 86th volume in the "Découvertes" collection.

Livre d'art
Livres d'art (French for art books or books of art), otherwise referred to as livres de galerie (French for gallery books), are books in which the illustration holds a predominant place in relation to the text. They often require high quality papers as they belong in the category of high quality publications.
The Annotated Hobbit
The Annotated Hobbit: The Hobbit, or There and Back Again is an edition of J. R. R. Tolkien's novel The Hobbit with a commentary by Douglas A. Anderson. It was first published in 1988 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston, in celebration of the 50th anniversary of the first American publication of The Hobbit, and by Unwin Hyman of London.

Mythopoeic Society
The Mythopoeic Society (MythSoc) is a non-profit organization devoted to the study of mythopoeic literature, particularly the works of J. R. R. Tolkien, Charles Williams, and C. S. Lewis. These men were all members of The Inklings, an informal group of writers who met weekly in Lewis' rooms at Magdalen College, Oxford, from the early 1930s until late 1949.