hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hokkaidō montane conifer forests
The Hokkaido montane conifer forests ecoregion covers the mountainous central regions of Hokkaido Island, the northernmost of Japan's main islands.  Forests of spruce and fir thrive in the subalpine, cool climate.  On the northeastern edge of the island, the conifer forests extend down to the sea under the influence of the cold Oyashio Current coming down from the north, although logging in recent years has put pressure on these stands.

Oyashio Current
The Oyashio Current (親潮, "Parental Tide"), also known as the Okhotsk Current or Kurile Current, is a cold subarctic ocean current that flows south and circulates counterclockwise in the western North Pacific Ocean.  The waters of the Oyashio Current originate in the Arctic Ocean and flow southward via the Bering Sea, passing through the Bering Strait and transporting cold water from the Arctic Sea into the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Okhotsk.  It collides with the Kuroshio Current off the eastern shore of Japan to form the North Pacific Current (or Drift).
The nutrient-rich Oyashio is named for its metaphorical role as the parent (親, oya) that provides for and nurtures marine organisms.
The Committed
The Committed is a 2021 novel by Viet Thanh Nguyen. It is his second novel and the sequel to his debut novel The Sympathizer (2015), which sold over one million copies and was awarded the 2016 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. The Committed was published by Grove Press on March 2, 2021.

The story is set in the early 1980s and depicts the anonymous narrator, a former North Vietnamese mole who leaves Vietnam by boat and arrives in Paris. Traumatized by his reeducation, the narrator engages in drug dealing to survive and becomes entangled with the local organized crime syndicates.

Pulitzer Prize for Fiction
The Pulitzer Prize for Fiction is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It recognizes distinguished fiction by an American author, preferably dealing with American life, published during the preceding calendar year.

As the Pulitzer Prize for the Novel (awarded 1918–1947), it was one of the original Pulitzers; the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, four of which were awarded that year (no Novel prize was awarded in 1917, the first one having been granted in 1918).

The name was changed to the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1948 and eligibility was expanded to the broader "distinguished fiction published in book form". The Advisory Board wanted to give the award to James A. Michener's Tales of the South Pacific, which required expanding the category criteria and lifting the ban on short stories.

Finalists have been announced since 1980, usually a total of three.
Melengestrol
Melengestrol (INN, BAN) is a steroidal progestin of the 17α-hydroxyprogesterone group and an antineoplastic drug which was never marketed. An acylated derivative, melengestrol acetate, is used as a growth promoter in animals.

While melengestrol is sometimes used as a synonym for melengestrol acetate, what is usually being referred to is melengestrol acetate and not melengestrol.

Acetyl group
In organic chemistry, an acetyl group is a functional group denoted by the chemical formula −COCH3 and the structure −C(=O)−CH3. It is sometimes represented by the symbol Ac (not to be confused with the element actinium). In IUPAC nomenclature, an acetyl group is called an ethanoyl group.

An acetyl group contains a methyl group (−CH3) that is single-bonded to a carbonyl (C=O), making it an acyl group. The carbonyl center of an acyl radical has one non-bonded electron with which it forms a chemical bond to the remainder (denoted with the letter R) of the molecule.

The acetyl moiety is a component of many organic compounds, including acetic acid, the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, acetyl-CoA, acetylcysteine, acetaminophen (also known as paracetamol), and acetylsalicylic acid (also known as aspirin).
Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church
Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church refers to the history of the Catholic Church as an institution, written from a particular perspective. There is a traditional approach to such historiography. The generally identified starting point is Eusebius of Caesarea, and his work Church History.

Since there is no assumption that contemporary historians of the Catholic Church who are also Catholics adopt this perspective, this “traditional approach” is a chapter of historiography, not yet closed, but applying to a definite area that is not central to the academic history of the 20th and 21st centuries.

De Smedt
De Smedt is a Dutch occupational surname. It is East and West Flemish  for "the smith". De Smedt is common in East Flanders,  while the agglutinated form Desmedt is primarily used in West Flanders. People with this name include:

Bill DeSmedt (born 1943), American science fiction author

Charles De Smedt (1833–1911), Belgian Jesuit priest and hagiographer

Christine De Smedt (born 1963), Belgian dancer and choreographer

Eline De Smedt (born 1998), Belgian acrobatic gymnast

Felix De Smedt (1923–2012), Belgian judoka and judoka trainer

Jean-Édouard Desmedt (1926–2009), Belgian neurophysiologist

Julien De Smedt (born 1975), Belgian architect in Denmark

Larry Desmedt (1949–2004), American motorcycle builder and artist, stunt rider, and biker

Yvo G. Desmedt (born 1956), Belgian-born American cryptographer
Exegesis in Zoroastrianism
Exegesis in Zoroastrianism is principally defined as the interpretation of Avesta, the Zoroastrian religious book. The Zend, an explanation of Avesta which is written in Pahlavi language and the other old texts related to Zoroastrian exegesis have no Avestan word. The religious legal textbooks like Vendidad, Neyrangistan, Hirbodistan, Hadokht Nask and Visperad are also interpretations of Avesta.

Vendidad
The Vendidad /ˈvendi'dæd/, also known as Videvdad or Juddevdad, is the only volume of the Sasanian Avesta to be still present in the extant Avesta collection. It is assumed that its use within the Videvdad liturgy guaranteed its survival to this day.
Subinphaa
Subinphaa (1281–1293) was the third king of the Ahom kingdom.

During Subinphaa's rule, the Ahoms divided themselves into the rulers and the ruled with the formal delineation of the Ahom nobility (Satgharia Ahoms) and the rest of the Ahoms identifying themselves with the rest of the population.  Literally the Ahom of the Seven Houses, the nobility consisted of three state clans called Gohain (the royal, Burhagohain and Borgohain) and four priestly clans called Mo (Deodhai, Bailung, Mohan and Siring).

Borgohain
Borgohain (Ahom language: Chao Thao Lung) was one of the two original counselors in the Ahom kingdom. He was selected by the Ahom king from members of the Ahom nobility (Satgharia Ahom), who vowed not to fight for the position of Ahom kingship, rather act as a guide to the Ahom king in matters of administering his province in an efficient manner (King Maker). The other original counsellor is the Burhagohain. Both the positions existed from the time of the first Ahom king, Sukaphaa. After the first major expansion of the Ahom kingdom, the Sadiya province was initially given to the Borgohain to administer. But later in the year 1527, he was replaced by King-lun Buragohain who was made Thao-mung Bo-ngen (Sadiyakhowa Gohain). After that, he was given the region south of the Dikhou river to Kaliabor on the south bank. In later times, he administered the region east of Burai on the north bank, as Borbarua was given the charge of territories between Sadiya province to Kaliabor.
Dirina pallescens
Dirina pallescens is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Roccellaceae. Found in Mexico, it was formally described as a new species in 2013 by Anders Tehler and Damien Ertz. The type specimen was collected by the first author near Todos Santos, Baja California Sur. It has also been recorded from Sonora and Oaxaca, growing near the sea on various trees and shrubs, including Bursera and mangrove. The species epithet alludes to its pale thallus, which is usually creamy white to white-brownish in colour. Dirina pallescens contains the lichen products erythrin, lecanoric acid, and two unidentified substances named "B" and "C".

Bursera
Bursera is a genus with about 100 described species of flowering shrubs and trees varying in size up to 25 m (82 ft) high. It is the type genus for Burseraceae. The trees are native (often for many species endemic) to the Americas, from the southern United States south through to northern Argentina, in tropical and warm temperate forest habitats.
It is named after the 17th-century Danish botanist Joachim Burser.

Several Mexican species (such as B. aloexylon and B. delpechiana) produce a type of wood known as linaloe (from Mexican Spanish lináloe, from Latin lignum aloes, lit. 'wood of the aloe'  or 'aloeswood'). They contain the aromatic oil linalool.

A number of species from tropical Asia were once included in this genus, but are now treated in the genus Protium.
Galina Khitrova
Galina Khitrova (1959 – June 4, 2016) was a Russian-American physicist and optical scientist known for her research on cavity quantum electrodynamics, excitons, nonlinear optics, quantum dots, and vacuum Rabi oscillations. She was a professor of optical sciences at the University of Arizona.

Vacuum Rabi oscillation
A vacuum Rabi oscillation is a damped oscillation of an initially excited atom coupled to an electromagnetic resonator or cavity in which the atom alternately emits photon(s) into a single-mode electromagnetic cavity and reabsorbs them. The atom interacts with a single-mode field confined to a limited volume V in an optical cavity. Spontaneous emission is a consequence of coupling between the atom and the vacuum fluctuations of the cavity field.
Duarte Ferreira
Duarte Ferreira (born 1 November 1992 in Lisbon, Portugal) is a Portuguese-born Angolan racing driver, residing in Luanda.

Ferreira began his career in karting in Belgium. He then progressed to Formula Renault 1.6 Belgium. In 2010, he competed in Formula Three Sudamericana Lights and finished third in the championship, capturing five class wins and three overall podium finishes in the series' three races at Velopark. In 2011, he raced in Firestone Indy Lights with the Bryan Herta Autosport team. Ferreira finished eighth in points with a best finish of third on the oval at New Hampshire Motor Speedway. He also recorded the fastest lap of the race at Kentucky Speedway.

In 2012, he ran limited schedules in both Indy Lights and the NASCAR K&N Pro Series East stock car series.

Indy NXT
Indy NXT (pronounced "Indy Next"), previously Indy Lights, is an American developmental automobile racing series sanctioned by IndyCar, currently known as INDY NXT by Firestone for sponsorship reasons. Indy NXT is the highest step on the Road to Indy, a program of racing series leading up to the IndyCar Series.

A similar series named Indy Lights filled the developmental role for the CART series, and ran from 1986 to 1993 as the American Racing Series and Dayton Indy Lights from 1991 to 2001. The current IndyCar sanctioned series was founded in 2002 as the Infiniti Pro Series as a way to introduce new talent to IndyCar, with the moniker Indy Lights returning in 2008 when CART and IndyCar unified. The Indy Lights champion was awarded a $1M scholarship toward the IndyCar Series, and guaranteed three races including the Indianapolis 500 during this time. For 2023, Penske Entertainment announced a rebranding to the name Indy NXT.
Forts of Ajuda
The Forts of Ajuda are located in the parish of Bucelas, in the municipality of Loures in the Lisbon District of Portugal. Just a short distance apart, the Forts of Ajuda Grande (Big) and Ajuda Pequeno (Small) were built in 1810 as part of the Lines of Torres Vedras, which were defensive lines to protect the Portuguese capital Lisbon from invasion by the French during the Peninsular War (1807–14).

Loures
Loures (locally [ˈloɾɨʃ] ⓘ) is a city and a municipality in Portugal which is part of the District and Metropolitan area of Lisbon. It is the fifth most populous municipality in the country, with a total population of 201,632.
David McDonald (Prince Edward Island politician)
Donald David McDonald (March 13, 1862 – June 1939) was a farmer and political figure in Prince Edward Island. He represented 3rd Queens in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1916 to 1923 and from 1928 to 1931 as a Liberal.

He was the son of Donald A. McDonald and was educated in Glenfinnan, Prince Edward Island. He was married twice: to Mary J. McIntyre in 1894 and to Mary McDonald in 1924. McDonald served as census commissioner for Queens County in 1901 and 1911. He also served as a justice of the peace. McDonald was defeated when he ran for a seat in the provincial assembly in 1912 and when he ran for reelection in 1923. He served in the province's Executive Council as a minister without portfolio. McDonald was speaker for the legislative assembly from 1928 to 1931. He died in Glenfinnan at the age of 77.

3rd Queens
3rd Queens was a provincial electoral district of Prince Edward Island, Canada, which elected two members to the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1873 to 1993.

The district comprised the northeastern portion of Queens County. It was abolished in 1996.
Square Dance (ballet)
Square Dance is a ballet made by New York City Ballet co-founder and balletmaster 
George Balanchine to Antonio Vivaldi's Concerto Grosso in B minor and the first movement of his Concerto Grosso in E major, Op. 3, nos. 10 and 12, respectively; in 1976 he added Arcangelo Corelli's Sarabanda, Badinerie e Giga, second and third movements. The premiere took place on November 21, 1957, at City Center of Music and Drama, New York, with lighting by Nananne Porcher. The original version placed the musicians on stage with a square dance caller calling the steps; from its 1976 revival the caller was eliminated, the orchestra placed in the pit, and a solo added for the premier danseur to the Corelli Sarabanda. The Pacific Northwest Ballet restored the caller for one performance at the 2007 Vail International Dance Festival.

Arcangelo Corelli
Arcangelo Corelli (/kəˈrɛli/, also UK: /kɒˈ-/, US: /kɔːˈ-, koʊˈ-/; Italian: [arˈkandʒelo koˈrɛlli]; 17 February 1653 – 8 January 1713) was an Italian composer, musician,  and violinist of the middle Baroque era. His music was key in the development of the modern genres of sonata and concerto, in establishing the preeminence of the violin, and as the first coalescing of modern tonality and functional harmony.
Bashkim Lala Sports Palace
Bashkim Lala Sports Palace is an indoor sporting arena located in Peshkopi, Albania. On 21 June 2009 the Prime Minister of Albania at the time Sali Berisha inaugurated the reconstruction of the sports palace with a budget of 7,000,000 lek, which was equivalent to €53,810 at the time. In 2013 a campaign was started by the citizens of Peshkopi to name the sports palace after the secretary of the city's multidisciplinary sports club KS Korabi, and this was approved by the municipality a year later.

KF Korabi Peshkopi
KF Korabi is an Albanian football club based in Peshkopi, named after the nearby Mount Korab, which is the tallest mountain in Albania and North Macedonia. The club's home ground is the Korabi Stadium.
Harmons
Harmons Grocery Company, doing business as Harmons Neighborhood Grocer, is a supermarket chain located within the state of Utah, United States, with 20 stores throughout the Wasatch Front and in the St. George area. It was known as Harmons Your Neighborhood Grocer until 2020.

Riverton, Utah
Riverton is a city in Salt Lake County, Utah, United States. It is part of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area. The population was 45,285 as of the 2020 census. Riverton is located in the rapidly growing southwestern corner of the Salt Lake Valley.
Wall gun
The wall gun or wall piece was a type of smoothbore firearm used from 16th until 19th centuries by defending forces to break the advance of enemy troops. Essentially, it was a scaled-up version of the army's standard infantry musket, operating under the same principles, but with a bore of up to one-inch (25.4 mm) calibre. These weapons filled a gap in firepower between the musket and the lightest artillery pieces, such as the swivel gun. This sort of weapon may also be found described as a  rampart gun, hackbut or amusette, a name originally given to early medieval hand cannon.

Smoothbore
A smoothbore weapon is one that has a barrel without rifling.  Smoothbores range from handheld firearms to powerful tank guns and large artillery mortars. Some examples of smoothbore weapons are muskets, blunderbusses, and flintlock pistols. The opposite of smoothbore is rifling.
Dichomeris juncidella
Dichomeris juncidella is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by James Brackenridge Clemens in 1860. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Nova Scotia, southern Quebec and southern Ontario to Florida, Texas and Nebraska.

The wingspan is about 13 mm. The forewings are dark brown almost blackish brown, with an ochreous-orange spot on the disk, one on the subcostal nervure nearer the base, one beneath it in the fold, and one on the end of the disk, all of the same hue. On the costa near the tip is a small ochreous-orange spot. The hindwings are dull yellowish brown. Adults are on wing from March to October.

The larvae feed on Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Artemisia trifida, Solidago, Aster, Helianthus tuberosus and Aralia spinosa.

Solidago
Solidago, commonly called goldenrod, is a genus of about 100 to 120 species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Most are herbaceous perennial species found in open areas such as meadows, prairies, and savannas. They are mostly native to North America, including Mexico; a few species are native to South America and Eurasia. Some American species have also been introduced into Europe and other parts of the world.
Selce, Poltár District
Selce (Hungarian: Telep) is a village and municipality in the Poltár District in the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia. In the village there is a food store and a neoclassical evangelical church from the 19th century.

Banská Bystrica Region
The Banská Bystrica Region (Slovak: Banskobystrický kraj, pronounced [ˈbanskɔbistritskiː ˈkraj]; Hungarian: Besztercebányai kerület, pronounced [ˈbɛstɛrt͡sɛbaːɲɒi ˈkɛrylɛt]) is one of the eight regions of Slovakia. It is the largest of the eight regions by area, and has a lower population density than any other region. The Banská Bystrica Region was established in 1923; its borders were last adjusted in 1996. Banská Bystrica consists of 514 municipalities, 24 of which have town status. Its administrative center is the eponymous town of Banská Bystrica, which is also the region's largest town. Other important towns are Zvolen and Lučenec.
You've Got a Friend (TV program)
You've Got A Friend is a 2004 reality comedy program on MTV, produced by Ashton Kutcher, Jason Goldberg, and Jeff Fisher. It was launched near the same time as their reality prank show Punk'd, and although successful in ratings, was cancelled at the end of the first season so they could focus on its more popular counterpart.

The program filmed contestants having to tolerate a 'friend' for 48 hours, while filmed on hidden camera in their home and different public settings. The 'friend' would be a trained improvisational comedian, who would progressively torment the contestant, their friends and loved ones. The catch was that the friends and family of the contestant were unaware of the folie à deux. If able to endure the embarrassment caused by the irreverent demands of the friend, the contestant would win a cash prize.

Jason Goldberg
Jason Goldberg (born 1972) is an American film and television producer. Goldberg is the producer of the films Guess Who and The Butterfly Effect and executive producer of the shows Beauty and the Geek and Punk'd. He often works with Ashton Kutcher.
Tokyo MX
JOMX-DTV (channel 9), branded as Tokyo MX (officially stylized as TOKYO MX), is an independent television station in Tokyo, Japan, owned by the Tokyo Metropolitan Television Broadcasting Corporation. It is the only television station that exclusively serves the city and parts of nearby prefectures. It competes with Nippon Television, TV Asahi, NHK General TV, NHK Educational TV, TBS TV, TV Tokyo, and Fuji TV, all of which are flagship stations of national networks. Tokyo MX was founded on April 30, 1993, and broadcasts commenced on November 1, 1995. Shareholders include the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Tokyo FM Broadcasting, and others. (MXTV is an associate company of Tokyo FM.)

Every week, Tokyo MX airs the press conferences of the Governor of Tokyo. It is a member of the Japanese Association of Independent Television Stations (JAITS).

Associate company
An associate company (or associate) in accounting and business valuation is a company in which another company owns a significant portion of voting shares, usually 20–50%. In this case, an owner does not consolidate the associate's financial statements. Ownership of over 50% creates a subsidiary, with its financial statements being consolidated into the parent's books. Associate value is reported in the balance sheet as an asset, the investor's proportional share of the associate's income is reported in the income statement and dividends from the ownership decrease the value on the balance sheet. In Europe, investments into associate companies are called fixed financial assets.

Associate value in the enterprise value equation is the reciprocate of minority interest.

Under the UK Companies Act 2006, two companies are "associated" if one company is a subsidiary of the other or both are subsidiaries of the same body corporate.
New Bataan massacre
The New Bataan massacre occurred when five Lumad teachers and community workers and their two drivers were killed in Barangay Andap, New Bataan, Davao de Oro, Philippines, on February 24, 2022. The ones who were killed were Chad Booc, Gelejurain "Jurain" Ngujo II, Elegyn Balonga, Tirso Añar, and Robert Aragon—collectively termed as 'New Bataan 5'. Family members, advocacy groups and activists, and politicians have described the event as a massacre, while the Armed Forces of the Philippines asserted that what happened was an encounter between the forces of New People's Army (NPA) and the 10th Infantry Division of the AFP. The Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) said that there were no NPA units in the area at the time of the event.

New Bataan
New Bataan, officially the Municipality of New Bataan (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Bag-ong Bataan; Tagalog: Bayan ng Bagong Bataan), is a municipality in the province of Davao de Oro, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 51,466 people.
Alexey Likhachev
Alexey Evgenievich Likhachev (Russian: Алексей Евгеньевич Лихачёв; born December 23, 1962, Sarov) is a Russian official and manager who is serving as the Director General of the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom since 2016.

Union of Right Forces
The Union of Right Forces (SPS) was a Russian liberal-conservative political public organization and former party, initially founded as an electoral bloc in 1999 and associated with free market reforms, privatization, and the legacy of the "young reformers" of the 1990s: Anatoly Chubais, Boris Nemtsov, Sergey Kiriyenko and Yegor Gaidar. The party officially self-dissolved in 2008. Nikita Belykh was the party's last leader from 2005 to 2008.

In 2011, the SPS was refounded by some of its former members as the Union of Right Forces Movement. In 2012, it was registered as a political public organization, a type of NGO. In Russia, participation in elections requires being accepted into the list of political parties controlled by the Ministry of Justice.

Both the former SPS and the refounded SPS were accepted as a member of the International Democracy Union (IDU).