hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Man alone
The man alone is a literary stock character. Usually an antihero, he is similar to the Byronic hero. The man alone tends to epitomise existentialism, and, in the words of the academic E. H. McCormick is "the solitary, rootless nonconformist, who in a variety of forms crops up persistently in New Zealand writing".

Men alone figure frequently in the literature of newly settled or recently colonised countries such as Australia and especially New Zealand, and the term is likely to have found popularity with the publication of the "Great Kiwi Novel", Man Alone by John Mulgan in 1939 (this novel's title itself originated in a quotation from Ernest Hemingway's To Have and Have Not).

Australian literature
Australian literature is the written or literary work produced in the area or by the people of the Commonwealth of Australia and its preceding colonies. During its early Western history, Australia was a collection of British colonies; as such, its recognised literary tradition begins with and is linked to the broader tradition of English literature. However, the narrative art of Australian writers has, since 1788, introduced the character of a new continent into literature—exploring such themes as Aboriginality, mateship, egalitarianism, democracy, national identity, migration, Australia's unique location and geography, the complexities of urban living, and "the beauty and the terror" of life in the Australian bush.
Fred Holroyd
Captain Frederick John Holroyd is a former British soldier who was based at the British Army's 3 Brigade HQ in mid-Ulster, Northern Ireland during the 1970s. He enlisted as a gunner in the Royal Artillery, and three years later, in 1964, he was commissioned into the Royal Army Service Corps (later the Royal Corps of Transport). He volunteered for the Special Military Intelligence Unit in Northern Ireland in 1969, and he was trained at the School of Service Intelligence. Once his training was finished, he was stationed in Portadown, where, for two and a half years up to 1975, he ran a series of intelligence operations. He resigned from the Army in 1976.

Spycatcher
Spycatcher: The Candid Autobiography of a Senior Intelligence Officer (1987) is a memoir written by Peter Wright, former MI5 officer and assistant director, and co-author Paul Greengrass. Wright drew on his experiences and research into the history of the British intelligence community. Published first in Australia, the book was banned in England (but not Scotland) due to its allegations about government policy and incidents. These efforts ensured the book's notoriety, and it earned considerable profit for Wright.

In 2021 and 2023, the Cabinet Office was still blocking or redacting freedom of information requests for files on the Spycatcher affair despite the rule that documents should be released after 30 years. Information belonging to the security services is absolutely exempted from the Freedom of Information Act.
Born for the Spotlight
Born for the Spotlight (Chinese: 影后) is a 2024 Taiwanese drama series directed and co-written by Yen Yi-wen. Starring Hsieh Ying-xuan, Cheryl Yang, and Hsueh Shih-ling, the series revolves around the stardom of actresses in Taiwan’s entertainment industry. The series consists of 12 episodes and had its world premiere of the first three episodes at the 29th Busan International Film Festival, followed by a release on Netflix on 7 November 2024.

Annie Chen
Annie Chen Ting-ni (Chinese: 陳庭妮; born 28 April 1989) is a Taiwanese actress, host, and model.

She was the first person to win at the Kaiwo Phantasy Star Catwalk Girl modeling contest in 2007. A year later, she made her acting debut in Prince + Princess 2, playing the lead role Zhao Ke Rou.
Rob Gray (basketball)
Robert Dejuan Gray Jr. (born April 3, 1994) is an American professional basketball  player for  Promitheas Patras of the Greek Basketball League. He played collegiately at Howard College and later at the University of Houston.

Basketbol Süper Ligi
The Basketball Super League (Turkish: Basketbol Süper Ligi; TBSL), also known as the Türkiye Sigorta Basketbol Süper Ligi for sponsorship reasons, is the top men's professional basketball division of the Turkish basketball league system. It replaced the former Turkish Basketball Championship (1946–1967) to become the Turkish Basketball League (TBL) until 2015 when it adopted its current name while the TBL name became exclusive to the second-tier and third-tier divisions.

The BSL is administered by the Turkish Basketball Federation (TBF) and is contested by 16 teams, with the two lowest-placed teams relegated to the second-tier TBL and replaced by the top two teams of that division.

Since the league's restructuring in 1966, 11 clubs have been crowned champions, with Anadolu Efes winning the title a record 16 times and Fenerbahçe 12 times. In recent years, Fenerbahçe won 11 titles out of 17 from the 2006–07 season onward.
Rancho San Bernardo (Soberanes)
Rancho San Bernardo was a 13,346-acre (54.01 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Monterey County, California given in 1841  by Governor Juan Alvarado  to Mariano de Jesus Soberanes and Juan Soberanes.  The grant extended along the west bank of the Salinas River.  The grant encompassed present-day San Ardo.

Juan Bautista Alvarado
Juan Bautista Valentín Alvarado y Vallejo (February 14, 1809 – July 13, 1882) usually known as Juan Bautista Alvarado, was a Californio politician who served as governor of Alta California from 1837 to 1842. Prior to his term as governor, Alvarado briefly led a movement for independence of Alta California from 1836 to 1837, in which he successfully deposed interim governor Nicolás Gutiérrez, declared independence, and created a new flag and constitution, before negotiating an agreement with the Mexican government resulting in his recognition as governor and the end of the independence movement.
HMS Berkeley (M40)
HMS Berkeley was a Hunt-class mine countermeasures vessel of the British Royal Navy. She was sold to the Hellenic Navy in 2001 and was commissioned as HS Kallisto. On 27 October 2020, she was cut in two in a collision with a container ship.

Mine countermeasures vessel
A mine countermeasures vessel or MCMV is a type of naval ship designed for the location of and destruction of naval mines which combines the role of a minesweeper and minehunter in one hull. The term MCMV is also applied collectively to minehunters and minesweepers.
Falls Hotel
Falls Hotel, also known as the Oratia Hotel, is a historic Georgian hotel in Henderson, Auckland, New Zealand listed as a Category 2 building by Heritage New Zealand.

Falls Hotel was the first licensed hotel in Henderson and allowed people from Auckland to make — what was at the time — the long trip between the two towns.

Heritage New Zealand
Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga (initially the National Historic Places Trust and then, from 1963 to 2014, the New Zealand Historic Places Trust; in Māori: Pouhere Taonga) is a Crown entity that advocates for the protection of ancestral sites and heritage buildings in New Zealand. It was set up through the Historic Places Act 1954 with a mission to "...promote the identification, protection, preservation and conservation of the historical and cultural heritage of New Zealand" and is an autonomous Crown entity. Its current enabling legislation is the Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Act 2014.
Sławęcin, Łódź Voivodeship
Sławęcin [swaˈvɛnt͡ɕin] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grabów, within Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) east of Grabów, 13 km (8 mi) north-west of Łęczyca, and 47 km (29 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), in 1942, the occupiers carried out expulsions of Poles, who were then either deported to forced labour in Germany and German-occupied France or enslaved as forced labour to serve new German colonists in the area.

Expulsion of Poles by Nazi Germany
During World War II, over 1.7 million Poles were forcibly resettled from the territories of German-occupied Poland, with the aim of their Germanization (see Lebensraum) between 1939 and 1944.

The German Government had plans for the extensive colonisation of territories of occupied Poland, which were annexed directly into Nazi Germany in 1939. Eventually these plans grew bigger to include parts of the General Government. The region was to become a "purely German area" within 15–20 years, as explained by Adolf Hitler in March 1941. By that time the General Government was to be cleared of 15 million Polish nationals, and resettled by 4–5 million ethnic Germans.

The operation was the culmination of the expulsion of Poles by Germany carried out since the 19th century, when Poland was partitioned among foreign powers including Germany.
Nasi tempong
Nasi tempong (Javanese: ꦱꦼꦒꦠꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦁ, romanized: sega témpong; Pegon: سيجا تمبونغ) is an Indonesian rice dish, typical food of Osing people in Banyuwangi, consisting of steamed rice with boiled vegetables (includes boiled spinach, cosmos and basil leaves), tofu, tempeh, corn fritter and fried ariid catfish. This rice dish is served with kencur sambal or terasi sambal.

The "tempong" term is a word in the Osing language which means "to be slapped" in English. Thus the nasi tempong is named because of the spicy taste of nasi tempong which gives a sensation like being slapped.

Frying
Frying is the cooking of food in oil or another fat. Similar to sautéing, pan-fried foods are generally turned over once or twice during cooking to ensure that the food is evenly cooked, using tongs or a spatula, whereas sautéed foods are cooked by "tossing in the pan". A large variety of foods may be fried. Frying is a dehydration process which involves the transfer of mass and heat. Different chemical changes take place during the frying process such as protein denaturation, starch gelatinization, surface browning, rapid water evaporation and oil absorption.
David C. Hopkins
David Charles Hopkins (1952) is a researcher of ancient history and near eastern archaeology, and a professor in the Religion department of Archaeology, and Biblical Interpretation at Wesley Theological Seminary, Washington D. C. Hopkins is editor of Near Eastern Archaeology.

Near Eastern archaeology
Near Eastern archaeology is a regional branch of the wider, global discipline of archaeology. It refers generally to the excavation and study of artifacts and material culture of the Near East from antiquity to the recent past.
Gnathophis codoniphorus
Gnathophis codoniphorus is an eel in the family Congridae (conger/garden eels). It was described by Günther Maul in 1972. It is a marine, deep water-dwelling eel which is known from the Azorean slope at the Great Meteor Seamount, in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. It dwells at a depth range of 300–304 metres (984–997 ft).

Günther Maul
Günther Edmund Maul (May 7, 1909 – September 28, 1997) was a German ichthyologist and taxidermist in Portugal. Maul came to Madeira in December 1930 to work as taxidermist at Museu Municipal do Funchal, which opened to the public in 1933. He was appointed director for the museum in 1940, a post that he held to his retirement in 1979. He, however, continued his research until shortly before his death. He started two journals (Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal in 1945 and Bocagiana in 1959) and opened the museum's aquarium to the public in 1959. He also participated in several expeditions including with the French bathyscaphe Archimède in 1966 and organised the first multidisciplinary expedition to the Salvage Islands in 1963. He was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Madeira in 1995.
James Gregory (prison officer)
James Gregory (7 November 1941 – 2003) was the censor officer and prison guard of Nelson Mandela for many years of his captivity. He later wrote the book Goodbye Bafana: Nelson Mandela, My Prisoner, My Friend, on which the 2007 film Goodbye Bafana was based. The book, and later the film, are based on the idea that Gregory and Mandela had developed a friendship despite being prison guard and prisoner, respectively.

Prison officer
A prison officer (PO) or corrections officer (CO), also known as a correctional law enforcement officer or less formally as a prison guard, is a uniformed law enforcement official responsible for the custody, supervision, safety, and regulation of prisoners.
Return to Yesterday
Return to Yesterday is a 1940 British comedy-drama film directed by Robert Stevenson and starring Clive Brook and Anna Lee. It was written by Margaret Kennedy, Angus MacPhail|, Roland Pertwee and Stevenson based on Robert Morley's 1937 play Goodness, How Sad. The film was made at Ealing Studios.

Clive Brook
Clifford Hardman "Clive" Brook (1 June 1887 – 17 November 1974) was an English stage and film actor.

After making his first screen appearance in 1920, Brook emerged as a leading British actor in the early 1920s. After moving to the United States in 1924, Brook became one of the major stars for Paramount Pictures in the late silent era. During 1928–29 he successfully made the transition to sound and continued to be featured in many of Hollywood's most prestigious films. Career highlights include Josef Von Sternberg's Underworld (1927) and Shanghai Express (1932); as well as being the first actor to portray Sherlock Holmes in a 'talkie'. In the mid-1930s he returned to Britain where he appeared regularly in leading film roles until his retirement from movies in 1944.
Gold mining in Scotland
Gold has been mined in Scotland for centuries. There was a short-lived gold rush in 1852 at Auchtermuchty and Kinnesswood, and another in 1869 at Baile An Or on the Kildonan burn in Helmsdale in Sutherland. There have been several attempts to run commercial mines. In the Lowther Hills, Leadhills, and Wanlockhead areas gold prospecting and the extraction of lead metal went hand in hand. From 1424, under the Royal Mines Act, until 1592, gold and silver mined in Scotland were deemed to belong to the crown. The 1592 Act vested rights for gold, silver, lead, copper, tin, and other minerals in the king's feudal tenants or other leaseholders, who would pay 10% of any profit to the crown. The Act also established a Master of Metals as a crown officer, a position held from June 1592 by Lord Menmuir. followed by Thomas Hamilton of Monkland in March 1607.

Burn (landform)
In local usage, a burn is a kind of watercourse. The term applies to a large stream or a small river. The word is used in Scotland and England (especially North East England) and in parts of Ulster, Kansas, Australia and New Zealand.
Unmanned surface vehicle Piraya
Piraya (Swedish for piranha) is the name of an unmanned surface vehicle project under development by the Swedish shipyard company Kockums AB in collaboration with the Swedish military. 
The project is a small size boat with a 20 horsepower engine that runs without a human crew. The biggest difference between the Piraya and other unmanned surface vehicles is that several Pirayas can be operated at the same time by a single person. The vehicle has stealth capability just like the larger Visby class corvettes.
The vessels will be equipped with infrared sensors and hydrophones.

By October 2009, 3 boats were in testing with one more on the way.

Stealth ship
A stealth ship is a ship that employs stealth technology construction techniques in an effort to make it harder to detect by one or more of radar, visual, sonar, and infrared methods.

These techniques borrow from stealth aircraft technology, although some aspects such as wake and acoustic signature reduction (acoustic quieting) are unique to stealth ships' design. Although radar cross-section (RCS) reduction is a fairly new concept, many other forms of masking a ship have existed for centuries or even millennia.
Yuki Museum of Art
Yuki Museum of Art (湯木美術館, Yuki Bijutsukan) opened in Chūō-ku, Osaka, Japan, in 1987. The collection, built up by Yuki Teiichi (湯木貞一) of kaiseki restaurant Kitchō fame, includes twelve Important Cultural Properties and three Important Art Objects.

Kaiseki
Kaiseki (懐石) or kaiseki-ryōri (懐石料理) is a traditional multi-course Japanese dinner. The term also refers to the collection of skills and techniques that allow the preparation of such meals and is analogous to Western haute cuisine.

There are two kinds of traditional Japanese meal styles called kaiseki or kaiseki-ryōri. The first, where kaiseki is written as "会席" and kaiseki-ryōri as "会席料理", refers to a set menu of select food served on an individual tray (to each member of a gathering). The second, written as "懐石" and as "懐石料理", refers to the simple meal that the host of a chanoyu gathering serves to the guests before a ceremonial tea, and is also known as cha-kaiseki (茶懐石). The development of nouvelle cuisine was likely inspired by kaiseki principles.
Aulonocara rostratum
Aulonocara rostratum is a species of haplochromine cichlid. It is endemic to Lake Malawi in Malawi and Tanzania. The males gather in loose aggregations in sandy areas, defending small territories from other males. The females do something else.

Lake Malawi
Lake Malawi, also known as Lake Nyasa in Tanzania and Lago Niassa in Mozambique, (Swahili: Ziwa Nyasa) is an African Great Lake and the southernmost lake in the East African Rift system, located between Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania.

It is the fourth largest freshwater lake in the world by volume, the ninth largest lake in the world by area and the third largest and second deepest lake in Africa. Lake Malawi is home to more species of fish than any other lake in the world, including at least 700 species of cichlids. The Mozambique portion of the lake was officially declared a reserve by the Government of Mozambique on June 10, 2011, while in Malawi a portion of the lake is included in Lake Malawi National Park.

Lake Malawi is a meromictic lake, meaning that its water layers do not mix. The permanent stratification of Lake Malawi's water and the oxic-anoxic boundary are maintained by moderately small chemical and thermal gradients.
2023 Dow Tennis Classic – Doubles
Hailey Baptiste and Whitney Osuigwe won the title, defeating Sophie Chang and Ashley Lahey in the final, 2–6, 6–2, [10–1].

Asia Muhammad and Alycia Parks were the reigning champions, but chose not to participate this year.

Hailey Baptiste
Hailey Baptiste (born November 3, 2001) is an American professional tennis player. She reached her best singles ranking of world No. 39 on 9 February 2026. She has won one doubles title on the WTA Tour and two titles on the WTA Challenger Tour. Her highest doubles ranking is No. 92, achieved 22 July 2024. She has also won four singles and four doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.
Kevin Rashid Johnson
Kevin "Rashid" Johnson (born October 3, 1971 in Richmond, Virginia) is a revolutionary, writer, artist, social activist, founding member of the New Afrikan Black Panther Party, founding member of the Revolutionary Intercommunal Black Panther Party (which split from the NABPP in December 2020), member of the Incarcerated Workers Organizing Committee, and prisoner in the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction.

Johnson, a former drug dealer, was convicted of murder in 1990 and sentenced to life in prison. He maintains that he is innocent and was wrongfully convicted.

Socialism and Democracy
Socialism and Democracy is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal established in 1985. It is published by Routledge and the editor-in-chief is Suren Moodliar. The journal is broadly Marxist and writes from a socialist perspective on many topics. In the Norwegian Scientific Index, the journal has been listed as "Level 0" since 2014, which indicates the journal is non-academic and publications in the journal do not count for public research funding.
Rhwydrys
Rhwydrys is a 6th-century pre-Congregational saint of Wales. 
His feast day is on 1 November.

He was the son of Rodrem, king of Connacht in Ireland.
Rhwydrys is believed to have built a chapel in Llanrhwydrys on Anglesey in around 570 AD.

St Rhwydrys's Church in Llanrhwydrys is dedicated to him. This church was built in the 12th century on or near his former chapel.

Dicastery for the Causes of Saints
In the Catholic Church, the Dicastery for the Causes of Saints, previously named the Congregation for the Causes of Saints (Latin: Congregatio de Causis Sanctorum), is the dicastery of the Roman Curia that oversees the complex process that leads to the canonization of saints, passing through the steps of a declaration of "heroic virtues" and beatification. After preparing a case, including the approval of miracles, the case is presented to the pope, who decides whether or not to proceed with beatification or canonization.
Sofiivka Raion
Sofiivka Raion (Ukrainian: Софіївський район) was a raion (district) of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, southeastern-central Ukraine. Its administrative centre was located at the urban-type settlement of Sofiivka. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to seven. The area of Sofiivka Raion was merged into Kryvyi Rih Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 20,562 (2020 est.).

At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of three hromadas:

Devladove rural hromada with the administration in the settlement of Devladove;

Sofiivka settlement hromada with the administration in Sofiivka;

Vakulove rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Vakulove.

Zaporizke was  the oldest  village in the Sofiivka Raion.

Dnipropetrovsk Oblast
Dnipropetrovsk Oblast (Ukrainian: Дніпропетровська область, romanized: Dnipropetrovska oblast), also commonly known as Dnipropetrovshchyna (Ukrainian: Дніпропетровщина), is an oblast (province) in southeastern Ukraine, the most important industrial region of the country. It was created on February 27, 1932. Dnipropetrovsk Oblast has a population of about 3,096,485 (2022 estimate), approximately 80% of whom live centering on administrative centers: Dnipro, Kryvyi Rih, Kamianske, Nikopol and Pavlohrad. The Dnieper River runs through the oblast.
Đỗ Văn Chiến
Đỗ Văn Chiến (Vietnamese pronunciation: [ʔɗo˦ˀ˥ van˧˧ t͡ɕiən˧˦]; born 10 November 1962) is a Vietnamese politician. He is currently serving as a Vice Chairman of the National Assembly of Vietnam.

In May 2024, he joined the Politburo of the Communist Party.

Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam
The Political Bureau (Politburo) of the Communist Party of Vietnam Central Committee is the highest body of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) in between gatherings of the National Congress and of the plenary sessions of the Central Committee. According to Party rules, the Politburo directs the general orientation of the government, and by that, it has dominant power in the politics of Vietnam.

The members of the Politburo are elected and given a ranking by the Central Committee in the immediate aftermath of a National Party Congress. The current Politburo (14th term) was elected by the 1st Plenary Session of the 14th Central Committee in the aftermath of the 14th National Congress and consists of 19 members. The first-ranked member is General Secretary of the Central Committee.
Michael Degiorgio
Michael Degiorgio (born 15 November 1962) is a Maltese former professional footballer.

Degiorgio played as a midfielder until the end of his career, when he switched to a central defender.

Degiorgio started his career with Hamrun Spartans and then also played for Naxxar Lions, Lija Athletic and Marsaxlokk. Degiorgio is now managing Fgura.

Lija Athletic F.C.
Lija Athletic Football Club, commonly referred to as Lija Athletic, is a football team originating from the village of Lija, Malta. The present club was founded in 1949 and has competed in the Maltese Premier League five times. The 2024–25 Maltese Challenge League campaign, saw Lija Athletic getting relegated to the  National Amateur League I on the final day of the season, missing out on safety by just one point in a heartbreaking finish.