hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama
The United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama (in case citations, M.D. Ala.) is a United States district court in the Eleventh Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

The District was established on February 6, 1839.

The United States Attorney's Office for the Middle District of Alabama represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court. As of August 25, 2024 the acting United States attorney is Kevin P. Davidson.

Tucker Act
The Tucker Act (March 3, 1887, ch. 359, 24 Stat. 505, 28 U.S.C. § 1491) is a federal statute of the United States by which the United States government has waived its sovereign immunity with respect to certain lawsuits.

The Tucker Act may be divided into the "Big" Tucker Act, which applies to claims above $10,000 and gives jurisdiction to the United States Court of Federal Claims, and the "Little" Tucker Act (28 U.S.C. § 1346), the current version of which gives concurrent jurisdiction to the Court of Federal Claims and the District Courts "for the recovery of any internal-revenue tax alleged to have been erroneously or illegally assessed or collected, or any penalty claimed to have been collected without authority or any sum alleged to have been excessive or in any manner wrongfully collected under the internal-revenue laws", and for claims below $10,000.
Elton Gallegly
Elton William Gallegly (born March 7, 1944) is a former U.S. representative from California. A Republican, he last represented California's 24th congressional district. He previously represented the 23rd and 21st Districts, and served from 1987 to 2013. He did not seek re-election in 2012.

Gallegly is the longest-serving congressional representative in Ventura County history.

California's 24th congressional district
California's 24th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California. The district is currently represented by Salud Carbajal. It contains all of Santa Barbara County, most of San Luis Obispo County, and part of Ventura County. Cities in the district include Santa Barbara, Ventura, San Luis Obispo, Santa Maria, and Ojai.

Prior to redistricting in 2011, the district covered the inland portions of Ventura and Santa Barbara counties, as well as a sparsely populated portion of the Ventura County coast. Redistricting in 2021 removed the northern part of San Luis Obispo County and added the cities of Ojai and Ventura.
Norgrove
Norgrove is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David Norgrove, British businessman

Linda Norgrove, British aid worker killed in Afghanistan, see Death of Linda Norgrove

Michael Norgrove, Zambian-born British boxer

Norgrove Family, Irish republican family involved in the Easter Rising

David Norgrove
Sir David Ronald Norgrove (born 23 January 1948) is an English businessman and government official, who was chair of the UK Statistics Authority from 2017 to 2022. He was previously the first chairman of The Pensions Regulator, and then chair of the Low Pay Commission.
Carmen Barbieri
Carmen Luz Barbieri (born 21 April 1955) is an Argentine actress, dancer, stand-up comedian, theatre director, tv host and producer. Barbieri was the first winner of Showmatch's Bailando 2006 (paired with professional dancer, Christian Ponce).

Showmatch
Showmatch was an Argentine television program, broadcast by eltrece. It replaced the comedy show Videomatch in 2004, and from 2006 has produced the dancing contest Bailando por un Sueño ("Dancing for a Dream"), along with similar contests such as Cantando por un Sueño ("Singing for a Dream"), Patinando por un Sueño ("Skating for a Dream"), and El Musical de tus Sueños ("The Musical of your Dreams"). In 2009, it presented "Gran Cuñado" ("Big Brother-in-Law"), a parody of the reality show Big Brother, a segment carried over from Videomatch.

Showmatch is one of Argentina's most-watched programs, and scored as the country's highest-rated TV show in 2010 and 2011.

It has played host to a number of celebrity guests from around the world, including former boxer Mike Tyson and footballer Ronaldinho.
Pietro Castrofilaca
Pietro Castrofilaca (Greek: Πέτρος Καστροφύλακας) was a Venetian notary and accountant, His name in Greek language means keeper of the castle, probably born in the city of Candia (modern Heraklion). Castrofilaca was the secretary of the syndics Zuanne Gritti and Giulio Garzoni. He is known for the census he carried out in the 16th century.

Castrofilaca conducted a systematic recording of the population of Crete. His census was based on an earlier census carried out in 1577 by the predictor Foscarini. The text of the census is preserved today in the Marciana National Library in Venice.

Notary
A notary is a person authorised to perform acts in legal affairs, in particular witnessing signatures on documents. The form that the notarial profession takes varies with local legal systems.

A notary, while a legal professional, is distinct from an advocate in that they do not represent the person who engages their services, or act in contentious matters.
AM-938
AM-938 (part of the AM cannabinoid series)  is an analgesic drug which is a cannabinoid receptor agonist. It is a derivative of HU-210 which has been substituted with a 6β-(3-hydroxyprop-1-ynyl) group. This adds a "southern" aliphatic hydroxyl group to the molecule as seen in the CP-series of nonclassical cannabinoid drugs, and so AM-938 represents a hybrid structure between the classical and nonclassical cannabinoid families, with the 6-hydroxyalkyl chain rigidified with a triple bond. This gives AM-938 a greater degree of selectivity, so while it is still a potent agonist at both CB1 and CB2, it is reasonably selective for CB2, with a Ki of 0.3 nM at CB2 and 1.2 nM at CB1, a selectivity of around four-fold.

Hydroxy group
In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula −OH and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry, alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy groups. Both the negatively charged anion HO−, called hydroxide, and the neutral radical HO·, known as the hydroxyl radical, consist of an unbonded hydroxy group.

According to IUPAC definitions, the term hydroxyl refers to the hydroxyl radical (·OH) only, while the functional group −OH is called a hydroxy group.
HMS Mona's Isle
Two ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Mona's Isle; they are named for the Isle of Man.

HMS Mona's Isle (1915), a Manx paddle steamer purchased by the Royal Navy in the First World War

HMS Mona's Isle (1939), a Manx packet requisitioned by the Royal Navy in the Second World War

SS Mona's Isle (1882)
SS (RMS) Mona's Isle (III), No. 76304, the third ship in the company's history to be so named, was a paddle steamer which served with the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company until she was purchased by The Admiralty in 1915.
Muhammad Khaznadar
Muhammad Khaznadar (1840–1929) was an early archaeologist in Ottoman Tunisia. He was the eldest son of Mustapha Khaznadar, a prominent Prime Minister of Tunisia who served from 1855 until 1873.

Khaznadar was the first Tunisian to propose the founding of a museum, located in the Bardo Palace in the town of Manouba just outside Tunis. His collection was to form the kernel of the Bardo National Museum. Khaznadar's work also influenced the development of cultural policies in Tunisia in the years leading up to the establishment of the French protectorate in 1881.

As a native North African at the forefront of archaeology during the time of European colonialism, he has been compared to the Ottoman Osman Hamdi Bey and the Egyptian Rifa'a at-Tahtawi.

Kanaanäische und Aramäische Inschriften
Kanaanäische und Aramäische Inschriften (in English, Canaanite and Aramaic Inscriptions), or KAI, is the standard source for the original text of Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions not contained in the Hebrew Bible.

It was first published from 1960 to 1964 in three volumes by the German orientalists Herbert Donner and Wolfgang Röllig, and has been updated in numerous subsequent editions.

The work attempted to "integrate philology, palaeography and cultural history" in the commented re-editing of a selection of Canaanite and Aramaic Inscriptions, using the "pertinent source material for the Phoenician, Punic, Moabite, pre-exile-Hebrew and Ancient Aramaic cultures." Röllig and Donner had the support of William F. Albright in Baltimore, James Germain Février in Paris and Giorgio Levi Della Vida in Rome during the compilation of the first edition.
Moraksan
Moraksan (sometimes referred to as Mt. Morak) is located in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. The mountain is 385 meters above sea level. The mountain is almost entirely composed of rock. On the north side a precipitous mountain face stretches away like a wall. In its westside is Uiwang, Anyang. On Moraksan, there is a tropaion of the 1st Division, a 15th infantry regiment.

Hiking the mountain takes about 2 hours and 30 minutes.

Tropaion
A tropaion (Greek: τρόπαιον, Latin: tropaeum), from which the English word "trophy" is derived, was a monument erected to commemorate a victory over one's foes by the ancient Greeks and later, by the Romans. The armour of the defeated foe would be hung upon the monument. Originally, the location of the monument was the battlefield where the commemorated victory took place. Initially, the typical monument was constructed out of a living tree with lateral branches, or it was constructed in the shape of one. After construction, the tropaion was dedicated to a deity in thanksgiving for the victory. Some images of tropaion show many weapons and shields heaped below the armor hoisted upon the monument. In later times, pairs of lances, banners, or stakes set crosswise might be used instead of the tree format.
Akasaka Biz Tower
The Akasaka Biz Tower (赤坂Bizタワー) is a skyscraper located in Akasaka, Tokyo, Japan.

The super high-rise is a result of the "Akasaka 5-chome TBS Development Project" into the Akasaka Sacas (赤坂サカス) complex together with the TBS Broadcasting Center, the Akasaka Blitz music venue, and the Akasaka ACT Theater. It is home to the headquarters of Hakuhodo, Inpex and Tokyo Electron.

Inpex
INPEX Corporation is a Japanese oil company established in February 1966 as North Sumatra Offshore Petroleum Exploration Co., Ltd. INPEX is the largest oil and gas exploration and production company in Japan, with global exploration, development and production projects in 20 countries. In the 2020 Forbes Global 2000, INPEX was ranked as the 597th-largest public company in the world.
Win Aung
Win Aung or Winn Aung is a Burmese name and may mean:

Win Aung (businessman), Burmese businessman

Win Aung (minister), Burmese military officer and politician who served as the 17th Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1998 to 2004

Win Aung (politician, born 1974), current Pyithu Hluttaw MP for Momauk Township Constituency

Win Aung (politician, born 1965), current Amyotha Hluttaw MP for Sagaing Region № 3 Constituency

Winn Aung (MP), current Pyithu Hluttaw MP for Khin-U Township Constituency

Han Win Aung, a footballer from Myanmar

Thet Win Aung, (27 August 1971 – 16 October 2006), a Burmese student activist

Tin Win Aung, a footballer from Myanmar

Ye Win Aung, a footballer from Myanmar

Winn Aung (politician, born 1958)
Winn Aung (Burmese: ဝင်းအောင်, also spelt Win Aung, born 15 October 1958) is a Burmese politician, physician and former political prisoner who currently serves as a Pyithu Hluttaw MP for the Khin-U constituency. He is a member of the National League for Democracy.
Herniarin
Herniarin is a natural chemical compound. Chemically, it can be considered a methoxy derivative of coumarin or a methyl derivative of umbelliferone.

Herniarin is  found in Herniaria glabra, Ayapana triplinervis and in species of the genus Prunus (P. mahaleb, P. pensylvanica, and P. maximowiczii).

Methoxy group
In organic chemistry, a methoxy group is the functional group consisting of a methyl group bound to oxygen. This alkoxy group has the formula R−O−CH3.

On a benzene ring, the Hammett equation classifies a methoxy substituent at the para position as an electron-donating group, but as an electron-withdrawing group if at the meta position. At the ortho position, steric effects are likely to cause a significant alteration in the Hammett equation prediction, which otherwise follows the same trend as that of the para position.
Transport in England
Transport in England  includes road, rail, air, and water networks.

A radial road network totals 29,145 miles (46,904 km) of main roads, 2,173 miles (3,497 km) of motorways and 213,750 miles (344,000 km) of paved roads. The National Rail network of 10,072 route miles (16,116 km) in Great Britain carries over 18,000 passenger and 1,000 freight trains daily. Urban rail networks and bus networks connecting cities and towns are widespread.

There are many regional and international airports, with Heathrow Airport in London one of the top ten busiest airports in the world, and the busiest in Europe. Transport by canal and navigable river, once important, is minimal. Shipping provides the primary means of transport for import and export of goods.

The Department for Transport is the government department responsible for the transport network in England. The Secretary of State for Transport is the member of the cabinet responsible to Parliament for transport.

Transport network analysis
A transport network, or transportation network, is a network or graph in geographic space, describing an infrastructure that permits and constrains movement or flow.
Examples include but are not limited to road networks, railways, air routes, pipelines, aqueducts, and power lines. The digital representation of these networks, and the methods for their analysis, is a core part of spatial analysis, geographic information systems, public utilities, and transport engineering. Network analysis is an application of the theories and algorithms of graph theory and is a form of proximity analysis.
1990 Belgian regional elections
On October 28, 1990, regional elections were held in the German-speaking Community of Belgium, to choose representatives for the Council of the German-speaking Community. Elections for the Flemish Council and the Walloon Council were not held until 1995.

Parliament of the German-speaking Community
The Parliament of the German-speaking Community (German: Parlament der Deutschsprachigen Gemeinschaft [paʁlaˈmɛnt deːɐ ˈdɔʏtʃˌʃpʁaːxɪɡn̩ ɡəˈmaɪnʃaft] or PDG) is the legislative assembly of the German-speaking Community of Belgium located in Eupen.

The most important tasks of the Parliament of the German-speaking Community include the election and the supervision of the Government of the German-speaking Community, the adoption of decrees for the German-speaking Community and the preparation and adoption of the annual budget.
Doug Livingston
Douglas Roy Livingston (born April 15, 1954) is an educator and former political figure in the Yukon, Canada. He represented Lake Laberge in the Yukon Legislative Assembly from 1996 to 1999 as a NDP member.

He was born in Loon Lake, Saskatchewan, the son of Roy Livingston and Elsie Anderson, and was educated at the University of Saskatchewan and the University of Oregon. Livingston was a teacher and principal. He defeated the incumbent Mickey Fisher in 1996 by only three votes. Livingston served as Speaker for the assembly briefly in 1997. He was named speaker after the election of Robert Bruce was overturned in February 1997; Bruce became speaker again after he won a by-election in April 1997. Livingston resigned his seat in the assembly in 1999.

Yukon Legislative Assembly
The Yukon Legislative Assembly (French: Assemblée législative du Yukon) is the legislative assembly for Yukon, Canada. Unique among Canada's three territories, the Yukon Legislative Assembly is the only territorial legislature which is organized along political party lines. In contrast, in Nunavut and the Northwest Territories, their legislative assemblies are elected on a non-partisan basis and operate on a consensus government model.

Each member represents one electoral district, elected through first-past-the-post voting. Members of the Legislative Assembly are sworn in by the commissioner of Yukon.
Saumalkol, Bayanaul District
Saumalkol (Kazakh: Саумалкөл; Russian: Саумалколь) is a permanent lake in Bayanaul District, Pavlodar Region, Kazakhstan.

The nearest inhabited place is Uzynbulak, located 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) to the NNW.

Points of the compass
The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions (or azimuths) used in navigation and cartography. A compass rose is primarily composed of four cardinal directions—north, east, south, and west—each separated by 90 degrees, and secondarily divided by four ordinal (intercardinal) directions—northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest—each located halfway between two cardinal directions. Some disciplines such as meteorology and navigation further divide the compass with additional azimuths. Within European tradition, a fully defined compass has 32 "points" (and any finer subdivisions are described in fractions of points).

Compass points or compass directions are valuable in that they allow a user to refer to a specific azimuth in a colloquial fashion, without having to compute or remember degrees.
Olga Tzavara
Olga Tzavara (Όλγα Τζαβάρα, 21 November 1924 - 25 June 2013) was a Greek sport shooter who won five individual gold medals at senior level at the European Championships from 1958 to 1962. She was considered the "grande dame" of Greek shooting and a pioneer in women's shooting.

European Shooting Championships
The European Shooting Championships are the continental championships for ISSF sport shooting disciplines in Europe, including 10m air rifle and air pistol, cartridge rifle (50m and 300m) and pistol (25m and 50m). Sometimes the competition also includes trap shooting, skeet and running target shooting events, usually organized in special championships.

The championships are organised by the European Shooting Confederation (ESC) with the support of the International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF).

The first edition of the championships took place in 1955 in Bucharest. It takes place biennially, but every year 2-4 special championships held for European countries in separate shooting disciplines.

In reaction to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the European Shooting Confederation stripped Russia of its right to host the 2022 European Shooting Championships in the 25m, 50m, 300m, running target and shotgun.
Incomplete gamma function
In mathematics, the upper and lower incomplete gamma functions are types of special functions which arise as solutions to various mathematical problems such as certain integrals.

Their respective names stem from their integral definitions, which are defined similarly to the gamma function but with different or "incomplete" integral limits. The gamma function is defined as an integral from zero to infinity. This contrasts with the lower incomplete gamma function, which is defined as an integral from zero to a variable upper limit. Similarly, the upper incomplete gamma function is defined as an integral from a variable lower limit to infinity.

Special functions
Special functions are particular mathematical functions that have more or less established names and notations due to their importance in mathematical analysis, functional analysis, geometry, physics, or other applications.

The term is defined by consensus, and thus lacks a general formal definition, but the list of mathematical functions contains functions that are commonly accepted as special.
2013 Zimbabwean general election
General elections were held in Zimbabwe on 31 July 2013. Incumbent President Robert Mugabe was re-elected, whilst his ZANU–PF party won a two-thirds majority in the National Assembly.

The elections were not free and fair, as the ruling ZANU–PF party used the state to  intimidate the opposition.

Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai
The Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai (MDC–T) was a centre-left political party and was the main opposition party in the House of Assembly of Zimbabwe ahead of the 2018 elections. After the split of the original Movement for Democratic Change in 2005, the MDC–T remained the major opposition faction, while a smaller faction, the Movement for Democratic Change – Ncube, or MDC–N, was led by Welshman Ncube.
Charles Seale-Hayne
Charles Hayne Seale Hayne PC (22 October 1833 – 22 November 1903) of Fuge House in the parish of Blackawton and of Kingswear Castle, Dartmouth harbour, both in Devon, was a British businessman and Liberal politician, serving as Member of Parliament for Ashburton in Devon, from 1885 until his death in 1903. He served as Paymaster General between 1892 and 1895 in the Liberal administrations of William Gladstone and the Earl of Rosebery.

Liberal government, 1892–1895
In the 1892 general election, the Conservative Party, led by Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, won the most seats but not an overall majority. As a result, William Ewart Gladstone's Liberal Party formed a minority government that relied upon Irish Nationalist support. On 3 March 1894, Gladstone resigned over the rejection of his Home Rule Bill and Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery succeeded him.
Dharampura Haveli
Haveli Dharampura, built in 1887 CE and currently owned by Bharatiya Janata Party leader Vijay Goel, is a 19th-century haveli in Chandani Chowk area of old Delhi that as awarded a special mention in UNESCO Asia-Pacific Awards for Cultural Heritage Conservation in 2017.

Haveli
A haveli is a traditional townhouse, mansion, or manor house, in the Indian subcontinent, usually one with historical and architectural significance, and located in a town or city. The word haveli is derived from Arabic hawali, meaning "partition" or "private space", popularised under the Mughal Empire, and was devoid of any architectural connotation. Later, the word haveli came to be used as a generic term for various styles of regional mansions, manor houses, and townhouses found in the Indian subcontinent.
Bangkok Expressway and Metro
Bangkok Expressway and Metro Public Company Limited or BEM (Thai: บริษัท ทางด่วนและรถไฟฟ้ากรุงเทพ จำกัด (มหาชน)) is a public transportation company in Thailand. It operates two metro lines in Bangkok and expressways.

It was formed by the merger of Bangkok Expressway Public Company Limited (“BECL”) and Bangkok Metro Public Company Limited (“BMCL”) on December 30, 2015.

Under 25-year concession agreements with the Mass Rapid Transit Authority of Thailand, BEM operates the MRT Blue Line, MRT Purple Line and is also set to operate the MRT Orange Line once it becomes operational. Additional BEM has won contracts to build or operate three expressways in Bangkok: the Si Rat expressway, Si Rat - Outer Ring Road Expressway and Udon Ratthaya Expressway.

BEM is listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand and has a market value over THB 80,000 million.

Expressway Authority of Thailand
The Expressway Authority of Thailand (Thai: การทางพิเศษแห่งประเทศไทย) (EXAT) is a state enterprise under the Ministry of Transport. It was founded in 1972, and operates Thailand's expressway (ทางพิเศษ thang phiset) system, which refers to (usually  elevated) high-capacity controlled-access highways serving the Greater Bangkok area and some nearby provinces.

EXAT does not operate the separate Thai motorway network, which covers intercity controlled-access highways.