hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
HD 190228
HD 190228 is a star with an orbiting substellar companion in the northern constellation of Vulpecula. Its apparent magnitude is 7.30 – too faint to be seen with the naked eye – and the absolute magnitude is 3.34. Based on parallax measurements, it is located at a distance of 205 light-years (63 parsecs) from the Sun. The system is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −50 km/s.

The spectrum of HD 190228 presents as a subgiant star with a stellar classification of G5 IV, indicating it has exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core and is evolving off the main sequence. The star is older than the Sun with an age over 5 billion years with a projected rotational velocity of 1.4 km/s. A metal-poor star, it has 18% more mass than the Sun and has grown to 2.4 times the Sun's girth. The star is radiating roughly 4.6 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,311 K.

Astronomical spectroscopy
Astronomical spectroscopy is the study of astronomy using the techniques of spectroscopy to measure the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, ultraviolet, X-ray, infrared and radio waves that radiate from stars and other celestial objects. A stellar spectrum can reveal many properties of stars, such as their chemical composition, temperature, density, mass, distance and luminosity. Spectroscopy can show the velocity of motion towards or away from the observer by measuring the Doppler shift. Spectroscopy is also used to study the physical properties of many other types of celestial objects such as planets, nebulae, galaxies, and active galactic nuclei.
Rosmini College
Rosmini College is a state integrated Catholic secondary school for boys, situated in Takapuna, Auckland, New Zealand. The proprietor of the school is  the Bishop of Auckland. The school caters to Years 7–13 (Forms 1–7), and currently has a roll of approximately 1120 students and staff of 75 teachers. The school's motto is Legis Charitas Plenitudo, translated as 'Charity Fulfills the Law', or sometimes translated as 'Love Fulfills the Law'.

Founded in 1962 by its first headmaster, Father Phillip Catcheside, the school was named after Antonio Rosmini, founder of the Institute of Charity. In 1969, several Rosmini College staff, Fathers S Marriott and B Hogan, and Brothers J Tedesco and E Willett left to establish St Peter's College, Gore in the Southland Region. Tom Gerrard was the school's principal from 1976 until 2014, making him New Zealand's longest serving principal. Gerrard died in 2020.

Motto
A motto (derived from the Latin muttum, 'mutter', by way of Italian motto, 'word' or 'sentence') is a sentence or phrase expressing a belief or purpose, or the general motivation or intention of an individual, family, social group, or organization. Mottos (or mottoes) are usually found predominantly in written form (unlike slogans, which may also be expressed orally), and may stem from long traditions of social foundations, or from significant events, such as a civil war or a revolution. One's motto may be in any language, but Latin has been widely used, especially in the Western world.
Confused deputy problem
In information security, a confused deputy is a computer program that is tricked by another program (with fewer privileges or less rights) into misusing its authority on the system. It is a specific type of privilege escalation. The confused deputy problem is often cited as an example of why capability-based security is important.

Capability systems protect against the confused deputy problem, whereas access-control list–based systems do not.

Privilege escalation
Privilege escalation is the act of exploiting a bug, a design flaw, or a configuration oversight in an operating system or software application to gain elevated access to resources that are normally protected from an application or user. The result is that an application or user with more privileges than intended by the application developer or system administrator can perform unauthorized actions.
Genoveva Virginia Cossoul
Genoveva Virginia Cossoul (18 April 1800 – 28 February 1879) was a Portuguese harpist, composer, and aeronaut.

Maria Genoveva Virginia Tomassu was born on 18 April 1800 in Paris. She was the niece of stage magician and aeronaut Étienne-Gaspard Robert and toured with him and his son Eugene as an assistant.   She ascended in a balloon in a celebrated May 1823 performance in Seville.

In 1820, she married another one of Robert's assistants, musician and composer Jean Louis Olivier Cossoul.  While they continued to work and tour with Roberts, they eventually settled in Portugal permanently.   Their children Ricardo Cossoul, Sophia Cossoul, and Guilherme Cossoul also became musicians.  She opened a music school called Pensionai Français in Lisbon near the Palace of the Marquis of Pombal where her students included Augusto Neuparth and Eugénio Mazoni.

Genoveva Virginia Cossoul died on 28 February 1879.

Étienne-Gaspard Robert
Étienne-Gaspard Robert (15 June 1763 – 2 July 1837), often known by the stage name of "Robertson", was a prominent physicist, stage magician and influential developer of phantasmagoria from the Prince-Bishopric of Liège. He was described by Charles Dickens as "an honourable and well-educated showman". Alongside his pioneering work on projection techniques for his shows Robert was also a physics lecturer and a keen balloonist at a time of great development in aviation.
J-Town
J-Town is a nickname for:

Japantown, enclaves of ethnic Japanese outside Japan
Japantown, San Francisco, California, U.S.
Japantown, San Jose, California, U.S.

Jakarta, Indonesia

Jefferson, South Carolina, U.S.

Jeffersontown, Kentucky, U.S.

Jinjang, Malaysia

Johnstown, Pennsylvania, U.S.

Jonesboro, Arkansas, U.S.

Joplin, Missouri, U.S.

Jos, Plateau, Nigeria

Little Tokyo, Los Angeles, California, U.S.

Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Jerusalem, Israel

Rzeszów–Jasionka Airport, Poland

Jaffna, Sri Lanka

Julianów and Józefosław, Poland

Jyväskylä, Finland

Japantown, San Jose
Japantown (Japanese: 日本町; Nihonmachi), commonly known as J Town, is a historic cultural district of San Jose, California, north of Downtown San Jose. Historically a center for San Jose's Japanese American and Chinese American communities, San Jose's Japantown is one of only three Japantowns that still exist in the United States, alongside San Francisco's Japantown and Los Angeles's Little Tokyo.
Ocybadistes knightorum
Ocybadistes knightorum (common name - Black grass dart) is a butterfly in the family Hesperiidae, first described in 1994 by Trevor A. Lambkin and John F. Donaldson. It is endemic to New South Wales. It has a very limited distribution in the Boambee area.  The IUCN Red List lists Ocybadistes knightorum as an endangered species, because of its limited known distribution, and its habitat under threat from weed invasion, sea-rise and continued development. The butterflies are restricted to coastal grassy open-forest areas, that are usually next to mangroves.

The larvae feed on the grass, Alexfloydia repens.

Boambee, New South Wales
Boambee is a suburb in the city of Coffs Harbour on the Mid North Coast of New South Wales, Australia. Boambee is west of Sawtell on the Pacific Highway. It is divided into two sections: semi-rural Boambee (2450)  
and the more suburban Boambee East (2452). These suburbs are divided by the Pacific Highway. In 2011, Boambee had a population of 1,545 people, while Boambee East had a population of 5,446 people.

The Boambee State Forest is located to the north-west of Boambee's residential areas.
English Korfball Association
England Korfball Association, also simply known as the EKA, is the governing body for the sport of Korfball in England. Before 2006 known as the British Korfball Association (BKA), it is the Korfball association responsible for overseeing all aspects of the game in its territory.  This includes oversight and administration of the Junior and Senior English National Korfball teams, of the leagues across England, the highest tier of which is the England Korfball League, and of other domestic competitions such as the youth and senior Inter-Area competitions.

The EKA is a separate national governing body from the Scottish, Welsh and Irish Korfball Associations.

Ireland national korfball team
The Ireland national korfball team is managed by the Ireland Korfball Association (IKA), representing Ireland in korfball international competitions.

The team is almost entirely made up from expatriates and those of Irish heritage, mostly from Great Britain and the Benelux, as there is no korfball set up within Ireland.

The squad is an all-Ireland team and uses Ireland's Call as a national anthem.
Everettsville, Virginia
Everettsville is an unincorporated community in Albemarle County, Virginia, United States. It was named for Dr. Charles Everett, who in 1821 bought the 400-acre tract called Pouncey's of the Shadwell tract from Thomas Jefferson. He more than doubled his property to more than 1,000 acres. The area became known as Everettsville.

In the mid-19th century, it was a point along the stagecoach route between Richmond and Staunton. Nicholas Trist's wife and children briefly took up residence here in early 1829 as they awaited word to follow Trist to Washington.

Nicholas Trist
Nicholas Philip Trist (June 2, 1800 – February 11, 1874) was an American lawyer, diplomat, planter, and businessman. Even though he had been dismissed by President James K. Polk as the negotiator with the Mexican government, he negotiated the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, which ended the Mexican–American War. The U.S. conquered Mexican territory and vastly expanded the United States. All or part of ten current states were carved out of former Mexican territory.
2013 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters
The 2013 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters was a men's tennis tournament for male professional players, played from 13 April through 22 April 2013, on outdoor clay courts. It was the 107th edition of the annual Monte Carlo Masters tournament, which was sponsored by Rolex for the fifth time. It took place at the Monte Carlo Country Club in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France, near Monte Carlo, Monaco.

Rafael Nadal was the eight-time defending champion, but suffered his first defeat at the tournament since his debut in 2003 (he missed the tournament in 2004 due to injury), by losing in the final to Novak Djokovic. The defeat ended a 46-match winning streak dating back to the first of his eight consecutive titles at the tournament, in 2005.

Roquebrune-Cap-Martin
Roquebrune-Cap-Martin (French: [ʁɔk(ə)bʁyn kap maʁtɛ̃]; Occitan: Ròcabruna Caup Martin or Ròcabruna Cap Martin; Mentonasc: Rocabrüna; Italian: Roccabruna-Capo Martino [ˌrɔkkaˈbruːna ˈkaːpo marˈtiːno]), simply Roquebrune until 1921, is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, Southeastern France, between Monaco and Menton. The name was changed from Roquebrune to differentiate the town from Roquebrune-sur-Argens in neighbouring Var.
Mattis v Pollock
Mattis v Pollock [2003] 1 WLR 2158 is an English tort law case, establishing an employer's vicarious liability for assault, even where it may be intentional or pre-meditated. Previously, judges had been unwilling to impose liability where assaults were motivated by revenge or vengeance; it was established, however, that following the decision in Lister v Hesley Hall Ltd, where an assault is closely linked to the duties of an employee, the employer should be held vicariously liable.

Vicarious liability
Vicarious liability is a form of a  strict, secondary liability that arises under the common law doctrine of agency, respondeat superior, the responsibility of the superior for the acts of their subordinate or, in a broader sense, the responsibility of any third party that had the "right, ability, or duty to control" the activities of a violator. It can be distinguished from contributory liability, another form of secondary liability, which is rooted in the tort theory of enterprise liability because, unlike contributory infringement, knowledge is not an element of vicarious liability. The law has developed the view that some relationships by their nature require the person who engages others to accept responsibility for the wrongdoing of those others. The most important such relationship for practical purposes is that of employer and employee.
Tring School
Tring School is a secondary school with academy status, with approximately 1500 students aged between 11 and 18. It is located on Mortimer Hill on the east side of the town of Tring, Hertfordshire, England. Tring School includes a Sixth Form with over 300 students. The school was founded by the Church of England and is within the Diocesan Board of Education of the St Albans Diocese.

Diocese of St Albans
51°45′07″N 0°20′20″W﻿ / ﻿51.752°N 0.339°W﻿ / 51.752; -0.339

The Diocese of St Albans forms part of the Province of Canterbury in England and is part of the wider Church of England, in turn part of the worldwide Anglican Communion.

The diocese is home to more than 1.6 million people and comprises the historic Counties of Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire, or in terms of local government areas, Bedfordshire, Luton, Hertfordshire and parts of the London Borough of Barnet. It therefore ranges from small rural communities in villages and hamlets to major urban centres like Luton, Bedford, Watford and Hemel Hempstead, and includes suburban areas on London's outer reaches.
WMSJ
WMSJ (89.3 FM) is a noncommercial educational radio station licensed to Freeport, Maine, United States, and serving the Portland area. Owned by the Educational Media Foundation, it features contemporary Christian music as part of the K-Love network. WMSJ's programming is also heard on a translator in Lawrence, Massachusetts, W260AS (99.9 FM).

Non-commercial educational station
A non-commercial educational station (NCE station) is a radio station or television station that does not accept on-air advertisements (TV ads or radio ads), as defined in the United States by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and was originally intended to offer educational programming as part, or whole, of its programming. NCE stations do not pay broadcast license fees for their non-profit uses of the radio spectrum. Stations which are almost always operated as NCE include public broadcasting, community radio, and college radio, as well as many religious broadcasting stations.
Nearly all non-commercial radio stations derive their support from listener support, grants and endowments, such as the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) that distributes supporting funds provided by Congress to support public radio.
Tiger (2017 film)
Tiger  is a 2017 Indian Kannada-language action film directed by Nanda Kishore and produced by Chikkaboramma under Inchara Film Factory. The film stars Pradeep, Nyra Banerjee and K. Shivram, alongside Om Puri, P. Ravishankar, Chikkanna and Sadhu Kokila. The music was composed by Arjun Janya, while the cinematography and editing were handled by Sudhakar S. Raj and K. M. Prakash.

Tiger was released on 16 June 2017. The film was dubbed in Hindi as Policewale ki Jung.

Sadhu Kokila
Sahaya Sheelan Shadrach (born 24 March 1966), known by his stage name Sadhu Kokila, is an Indian comedian, musician, actor, film director, producer, occasional screenwriter and lyricist who works in Kannada cinema. He began his career as a composer before taking to acting in films, appearing mostly in comic roles. He has directed ten Kannada films, the most notable one being Raktha Kanneeru (2003).

As a composer, he is a two-time recipient of the Karnataka State Film Award for Best Music Director, for Rakshasa (2005) and Inthi Ninna Preethiya (2008). As an actor, he has received multiple nominations and awards in the category of Best Comedian in the SIIMA Awards.
Georgia Air National Guard
The Georgia Air National Guard (GA ANG) is the aerial militia of the State of Georgia, United States of America. It is a reserve of the United States Air Force, and along with the Georgia Army National Guard, an element of the Georgia National Guard.

As state militia units, the units in the Georgia Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Georgia through the office of the Georgia Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. The Georgia Air National Guard is headquartered in Atlanta, GA, and its commander is Major General Thomas F. Grabowski.

Governor of Georgia
The governor of Georgia is the head of government of Georgia and the commander-in-chief of the state's National Guard, when not in federal service, and State Defense Force. The governor also has a duty to enforce state laws, the power to either veto or approve bills passed by the Georgia Legislature, and the power to convene the legislature into special session. The current governor is Republican Brian Kemp, who assumed office on January 14, 2019.
Figure skating spirals
A spiral is an element in figure skating where the skater glides on one foot while raising the free leg above hip level. It is akin to the arabesque in ballet.

Spiral positions are classified according to the skating leg (left or right), edge (outside or inside), direction the skater is traveling (forward or backward), and the position of the free leg (backward, forward, sideways).

Liubov Ilyushechkina
Liubov Ivanovna Ilyushechkina (Russian: Любовь Ивановна Илюшечкина, born 5 November 1991) is a Russian-born Canadian pair skater.

Ilyushechkina began competing for Canada with Dylan Moscovitch in 2014, and they were the 2017 Four Continents bronze medalists, two-time bronze medalists on the Grand Prix series, and three-time Canadian national medalists (silver in 2015 and 2017, bronze in 2016).  Their partnership ended with Moscovitch's retirement in 2018. With former partner, Charlie Bilodeau, she is the 2020 Canadian Bronze medalist.

Ilyushechkina formerly represented Russia with Nodari Maisuradze. Together, they won the 2010 Skate Canada International, 2011 Winter Universiade, and 2009 World Junior Championships.
Cold Case season 5
The fifth season of Cold Case, an American television series, began airing on CBS on September 23, 2007, and concluded on May 4, 2008. Season five regular cast members include Kathryn Morris, Danny Pino, John Finn, Thom Barry, Jeremy Ratchford and Tracie Thoms. This season was originally scheduled to air 24 episodes, but due to the Writer's Strike only 18 episodes were produced and aired. The season also includes the series' 100th episode, "World's End".

Danny Pino
Daniel Gonzalo Pino (born April 15, 1974) is an American actor who starred as Detective Scotty Valens on the CBS series Cold Case from 2003 to 2010, and as NYPD Detective Nick Amaro in the long-running NBC crime drama Law & Order: Special Victims Unit from 2011 to 2015. In 2002, he appeared in London's West End in Up for Grabs with Madonna. In May 2003, Pino played Desi Arnaz in a CBS special on the life of Lucille Ball, Lucy. He played drug cartel leader Miguel Galindo on Mayans M.C. which airs on FX, and FBI agent John Bishop in procedural crime drama Gone.
Blumberg theorem
In mathematics, the Blumberg theorem states that for any real function  there is a dense subset  of  such that the restriction of  to  is continuous.  It is named after its discoverer, the Russian-American mathematician Henry Blumberg.

Dirichlet function
In mathematics, the Dirichlet function is the indicator function  of the set of rational numbers  over the set of real numbers , i.e.  for a real number x if x is a rational number and  if x is not a rational number (i.e. is an irrational number).

It is named after the mathematician Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet. It is an example of a pathological function which provides counterexamples to many situations.
Cavalieri
Cavalieri is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bonaventura Cavalieri (1598–1647), Italian mathematician

Caterina Cavalieri (1755–1801), Austrian opera soprano

Diego Cavalieri (born 1982), Brazilian footballer; goalkeeper for Crystal Palace F.C.

Emilio de' Cavalieri (1550–1602), Italian composer of the late Renaissance

Grace Cavalieri (born 1932), American poet and playwright

Joey Cavalieri, American comic book writer and editor

Lina Cavalieri (1874–1944), Italian opera soprano

Paola Cavalieri (born 1950), Italian philosopher

Tommaso dei Cavalieri (c. 1508–1587), Italian friend of Michelangelo

Diego Cavalieri
Diego Cavalieri  (born 1 December 1982) is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

Cavalieri is of Italian ancestry and holds both Italian and Brazilian passports. He has earned three caps for the Brazil national team between 2012 and 2013 and was part of the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup winning team.
Klaus Ertz
Klaus Ertz (11 June 1945 – 3 August 2023) was a German art historian specializing in the Brueghel family of artists and their workshop.

Ertz was born in Homburg and is best known for his catalogues raisonnés on Jan Brueghel the Elder, his son Jan II, his brother Pieter Brueghel the Younger, Josse de Momper, Marten van Cleve, Jan van Kessel, David Vinckboons, Josef van Bredal and Adriaen van Stalbemt. Ertz works as a private art consultant for various institutions in the art market. He and his wife Christa Nitze-Ertz own the art printing house Luca-Verlag in Lingen(Ems) that publishes books about Flemish paintings of the 16th and 17th century.

Jan Brueghel the Younger
Jan Brueghel (also Bruegel or Breughel) the Younger (/ˈbrɔɪɡəl/ BROY-gəl, US also /ˈbruːɡəl/ BROO-gəl; Dutch: [ˈjɑm ˈbrøːɣəl] ⓘ; 13 September 1601 – 1 September 1678) was a Flemish Baroque painter. He was the son of Jan Brueghel the Elder, and grandson of Pieter Bruegel the Elder, both prominent painters who contributed respectively to the development of Renaissance and Baroque painting in the Habsburg Netherlands. Taking over his father's workshop at an early age, he largely painted the same subjects as his father in a style which was similar to that of his father. He gradually was able to break away from his father's style by developing a broader, more painterly, and less structured manner of painting. He regularly collaborated with leading Flemish painters of his time.
Averil Cameron
Dame Averil Millicent Cameron DBE FSA FRHistS FBA (née Sutton; born 8 February 1940), often cited as A. M. Cameron, is a British historian. She writes on Late Antiquity, Classics, and Byzantine Studies. She was Professor of Late Antique and Byzantine History at the University of Oxford, and the Warden of Keble College, Oxford, between 1994 and 2010.

Institute of Classical Studies
The Institute of Classical Studies is a research institution associated with the University of London and a member of the School of Advanced Study. The institute is a national and international research institute in the languages, literature, history, art, archaeology and philosophy of the ancient Greek and Roman worlds. The institute was founded in 1953 by the Senate of the University of London as a partnership between the university and the Hellenic and Roman Societies.

The institute produces the Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies (BICS), an academic journal published by Oxford University Press, and a monographic series of BICS Supplements. BICS is indexed by L'Année philologique.