hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spectral evidence
Spectral evidence was a form of legal evidence based upon the testimony of those who claim to have experienced visions.

Such testimony was frequently given during the witch trials of the 16th and 17th centuries. The alleged victims of witchcraft would claim to have been tormented by the spectral images of certain named members of the community; this was taken as evidence that those named were witches, and had given the Devil permission to assume their appearance. If accepted by a court, this testimony was virtually impossible to refute. However, spectral evidence was rarely used to secure a conviction, as theologians were unable to agree that the Devil could not take on the shape of an innocent person. The debate about the validity of spectral evidence rose to a climax with the Bury St Edmunds witch trial of 1662, and the Salem witch trials of 1692–93.

Increase Mather
Increase Mather (/ˈmæðər/; June 21 (O.S.), 1639 – August 23 (O.S.), 1723) was a New England Puritan clergyman who served as the sixth president of Harvard College from 1685 to 1701. During his tenure, which coincided with the notorious Salem witch trials, he was influential in the administration of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Church of St Tysilio and St Mary, Meifod
The Church of St Tysilio and St Mary is an active parish church in the village of Meifod, Powys, Wales. The village lies seven miles (11 km) north-west of Welshpool. The site has been a centre of Welsh Christianity since c. 500 and the present, unusually large, churchyard forms part of what was an early clas settlement. The origins of the present church are of the 12th century. The dedications are to Saints Tysilio and Mary. Tysilio was a 6th-/7th-century Welsh nobleman and Bishop of St Asaph who reputedly founded an early church, Eglwys Tysilio, at Meifod. The church is a Grade I listed building. The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales has described St Tysilio and St Mary's as "a display of Welsh Christianity through the centuries".

Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales
The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW; Welsh: Comisiwn Brenhinol Henebion Cymru; CBHC), established in 1908, is a Welsh Government sponsored body concerned with some aspects of the archaeological, architectural and historic environment of Wales. It is based in Aberystwyth.

The RCAHMW maintains and curates the National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW), an archive with an online platform called Coflein. Professor Nancy Edwards is Chair of the Commissioners.
DWHB-DTV
DWHB-DTV (channel 26) is a television station in Baguio City, Philippines, owned and operated by Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media Inc. The station maintains a transmitter facility atop Mt. Sto. Tomas, Tuba, Benguet.

Mount Santo Tomas
Mount Santo Tomas is a potentially active stratovolcano in the Philippines located in the municipality of Tuba in the province of Benguet. The mountain is part of the protected Santo Tomas Forest Reserve declared through Proclamation No. 581 signed by President Manuel L. Quezon on July 9, 1940.

On May 5, 2015, a Permanent Environmental Protection Order was issued by the Court of Appeals with the Writ of Kalikasan and Writ of Continuing Mandamus.

Due to its high elevation, several communications and broadcasting companies constructed relay stations at the summit.
South Side High School (Bee Branch, Arkansas)
South Side High School is a public junior/senior high school for students in grades seven through twelve in Bee Branch, Arkansas, United States. In the 2010–11 school year, South Side High School had 207 students enrolled. The same facilities administered by South Side School District in Van Buren County are used for students in kindergarten through sixth grade and is known as South Side Elementary School.  South Side High School is currently one of the smallest "single A" public schools in Arkansas since the 2009–10 statewide school consolidations.

Van Buren County, Arkansas
Van Buren County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,796. The county seat is Clinton. The county was formed on November 11, 1833, and named for Martin Van Buren, President of the United States, who was Vice President at the time of the county's formation. Van Buren County was a dry county until November 3, 2020, as the county residents voted to make it a wet county. Van Buren County, not be confused with the city of Van Buren, which is located approximately 100 miles to the west in Crawford County just north of Fort Smith.
Notorious Lightning & Other Works
Notorious Lightning and Other Works is an EP by Destroyer, released on January 25, 2005, on Merge Records. After shocking many fans by supporting the synth-driven album Your Blues with the avant-guitar band Frog Eyes, Dan Bejar decided to put to tape some of the very different versions of songs from Your Blues.

Merge Records
Merge Records is an independent record label based in Durham, North Carolina. It was founded in 1989 by Laura Ballance and Mac McCaughan. It began as an outlet for music from their band Superchunk and music created by friends, and has expanded to include artists from around the world, with records reaching the top of the Billboard music charts.
Melting point
The melting point (or, rarely, liquefaction point) of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium. The melting point of a substance depends on pressure and is usually specified at a standard pressure such as 1 atmosphere or 100 kPa.

When considered as the temperature of the reverse change from liquid to solid, it is referred to as the freezing point or crystallization point. Because of the ability of substances to supercool, the freezing point can easily appear to be below its actual value. When the "characteristic freezing point" of a substance is determined, in fact, the actual methodology is almost always "the principle of observing the disappearance rather than the formation of ice, that is, the melting point."

Pascal (unit)
The pascal (symbol: Pa) is the unit of pressure in the International System of Units (SI). It is also used to quantify internal pressure, stress, Young's modulus, and ultimate tensile strength. The unit, named after Blaise Pascal, is an SI coherent derived unit defined as one newton per square metre (N/m2). It is also equivalent to 10 barye (10 Ba) in the CGS system. Common multiple units of the pascal are the hectopascal (1 hPa = 100 Pa), which is equal to one millibar, and the kilopascal (1 kPa = 1,000 Pa), which is equal to one centibar.

The unit of measurement called standard atmosphere (atm) is defined as 101325 Pa.
Meteorological observations typically report atmospheric pressure in hectopascals per the recommendation of the World Meteorological Organization, thus a standard atmosphere or typical sea-level air pressure is about 1,013 hPa. Reports in the United States typically use inches of mercury or millibars (hectopascals). In Canada, these reports are given in kilopascals.
Student syndrome
Student syndrome refers to planned procrastination, when a student will substantially apply themselves to an assignment or task at the last moment before its deadline. For a person experiencing student syndrome, they only make significant progress when there is a sense of urgency that causes the person to put the proper amount of effort into their task. This eliminates any potential safety margins and puts the person under stress and pressure. An estimated 80 to 95 percent of college students engage in some form of procrastination.

The term is used to describe this form of procrastination in general, and does not only apply to students. It has been observed to affect work flow and productivity in a traditional class setting, the manufacturing industry, and professional fields, such as software engineering and engineering management.

The term was coined by Eliyahu M. Goldratt in his novel Critical Chain.

Time limit
A time limit or deadline is a fixed point in time or a bounded time interval, by which a task or objective must be completed. Once that time has passed, the item may be considered overdue (for example, a work project or school assignment). In a professional context, missing a deadline can negatively affect an employee's performance evaluation, while in education, late submissions such as essays or reports may result in grade deductions.

In some cases, no materials can be submitted after the deadline. Examples include calls for proposal, commercial tenders for bids, the handling of court cases, and application dates for universities and professional schools. For tests and examinations in schools, universities and job competitions, once the time limit for the test is up, the test-takers must put down their pens or pencils and hand in their test.

In project management, deadlines are most often associated with milestones.
Philosophy of information
The philosophy of information (PI) is a branch of philosophy that studies topics relevant to information processing, representational system and consciousness, cognitive science, computer science, information science and information technology.

It includes:

the critical investigation of the conceptual nature and basic principles of information, including its dynamics, utilisation and sciences

the elaboration and application of information-theoretic and computational methodologies to philosophical problems.

Edward N. Zalta
Edward Nouri Zalta (/ˈzɔːltə/; born March 16, 1952) is an American philosopher who is a senior research scholar at the Center for the Study of Language and Information at Stanford University. He received his BA from Rice University in 1975 and his PhD from the University of Massachusetts Amherst in 1981, both in philosophy. Zalta has taught courses at Stanford University, Rice University, the University of Salzburg, and the University of Auckland. Zalta is also the Principal Editor of the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Nguyễn Thiện Nhân
Nguyễn Thiện Nhân (Vietnamese pronunciation: [ŋwiən˦ˀ˥ tʰiən˧˨ʔ ɲən˧˧]; born 12 June 1953) is a Vietnamese economist, engineer, professor and politician. He is currently a member of the National Assembly representing Ho Chi Minh City, where he served as its party secretary (de facto mayor) from 2017 until his retirement in 2020. A member of the 11th and 12th Politburo of the Communist Party, he previously served as Chairman of the Vietnamese Fatherland Front from 2013 to 2017 and as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Education during Nguyễn Tấn Dũng's premiership. Prior to entering national politics, he worked as a systems engineer in the military before pivoting to academia and then serving in the municipal administration of Ho Chi Minh City, where he was its deputy mayor from 2001 to 2006. He received a BS and a PhD in Cybernetics from the Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg in East Germany and the Military Medical Academy of Vietnam.

Demographics of Vietnam
Demographic features of the population of Vietnam include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Ethnic Vietnamese, or the Viet people (known officially as Kinh), mostly live in the lowlands and speak Vietnamese, while other ethnic groups also speak a variety of languages; together, these communities contribute to the country's diverse demographic composition. Originating in northern Vietnam, the Viet gradually pushed southward and make up much of Vietnam's political landscape. A Vietnamese diaspora can also be found worldwide.

Vietnam's population reached just over 100 million in 2023, making it the 15th largest country by population in the world. It is predicted that by 2035, Vietnam will become an aged society.
WMAZ-TV
WMAZ-TV (channel 13) is a television station in Macon, Georgia, United States, affiliated with CBS and The CW Plus. The station is owned by Tegna Inc., and maintains studios on Gray Highway on the northeast side of Macon; its transmitter is located on GA 87/US 23/129 ALT (Golden Isles Highway) along the Twiggs–Bibb county line.

Georgia State Route 87
Georgia State Route 87 (SR 87) is a 107-mile-long (172 km) state highway that travels south-to-north through portions of Dodge, Bleckley, Twiggs, Bibb, Monroe, and Butts counties in the historic southern and central parts of the U.S. state of Georgia. The highway connects the Eastman area and the southwestern part of Dodge County with Flovilla, via Cochran and the Macon metropolitan area. The highway is largely, but not entirely, concurrent with U.S. Route 23 (US 23) and serves local traffic.

A brief portion, from East Macon to Macon, is part of the Fall Line Freeway (and signed as SR 540) and may be incorporated into the proposed eastern extension of Interstate 14 (I-14), an Interstate Highway that currently exists completely within Central Texas and is proposed to be extended to Augusta.
Den svenska sångboken
Den svenska sångboken ("The Swedish Song book") is a 1997 Swedish book with 331 songs (in 2003 a new version with 365 songs was published), written by Anders Palm and Johan Stenström. It was followed by the 1999 book Barnens svenska sångbok ("Children's Swedish Song book").

The book includes the most famous Swedish songs from earlier time until present, and the songwriters are among Carl Michael Bellman, Birger Sjöberg, Evert Taube, Lars Forssell, Olle Adolphson, Ulf Lundell, Mikael Wiehe, Lasse Berghagen, Benny Andersson, Eva Dahlgren, Lisa Ekdahl, Lasse Dahlquist and Åsa Jinder. In the end of the books there are comments and references to the songs.

Lasse Dahlquist
Lars Erik ("Lasse") Dahlquist (14 September 1910 – 14 October 1979) was a Swedish composer, singer and actor. Many of his songs are among the most popular sing-along songs in Sweden, such as Oh boy oh boy oh boy and Gå upp och pröva dina vingar.

He was married to Inez Margareta Dahlquist, née Lindquist (1911–2004) from 1936 and they had a son; the saxophonist Robert "Bob" Dahlquist (2 September 1938 – 6 September 2005). On Saltholmen, at the terminal of the boats of Styrsöbolaget, there is a place called Lasse Dahlquists Plats.

He was born in Örgryte, and grew up in Lidingö. As a child, he spent his summers at his grandfather's farm, Langegården, on Brännö, in the Gothenburg archipelago, where he built his own home.

He worked at Sven-Olof Sandberg's music publishment Svenska Noter and in 1931 he began recording gramophone records.

In 1977 he received the Evert Taube award. He died on Brännö of laryngeal cancer
Kadenang Kristal
Kadenang Kristal (trans. / international title: Crystal Chain) is a Philippine television drama series broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Gina Alajar, it stars Amy Austria, Maricel Laxa, Rio Locsin, Jackie Lou Blanco and Teresa Loyzaga. It premiered on July 31, 1995. The series concluded on August 9, 1996 with a total of 268 episodes.

Rio Locsin
Rio Locsin (born Maria Theresa Rosario Garcia Nayve-Israel; October 3, 1961) is a Filipino actress. Known primarily for her roles in films with underlying social themes, she began her career playing daring characters and eventually ventured dramatic roles in the succeeding years, noted for her portrayals in Lino Brocka's Ina, Kapatid, Anak (1979) and Init (1979), Elwood Perez's Disgrasyada (1979), Ishmael Bernal's Manila By Night (1980) & Working Girls (1984) and Laurice Guillen's Kapag Puso’y Sinugatan (1985). In 2009, she was named Best Supporting Actress at the Cinema One Originals Digital Film Festival and was inducted at the Eastwood City Walk of Fame in 2012, in addition to numerous nominations from FAMAS Awards, Gawad Urian, Luna and Golden Screen TV Awards.
Kathrin Krahfuss
Kathrin Krahfuss is an Austrian beauty pageant titleholder who represented Austria in Miss World 2008 in South Africa.  She is a freelance artist. She spent four years with the Golden Circus and two with the Circus Picard.

Miss World 2008
Miss World 2008 was the 58th edition of the Miss World pageant, held at the Sandton Convention Centre in Johannesburg, South Africa, on 13 December 2008.

Zhang Zilin of China crowned Ksenia Sukhinova of Russia as her successor at the end of the event. This is the second time Russia has won the title.
Naliya Air Force Station
Naliya Air Force Station (ICAO: VANY) of the Indian Air Force (IAF) is located in Naliya in Gujarat, India. It is about 90 km from Sir Creek that forms the border with Pakistan. It lies on National Highway 41 or NH 41. It is about 90 km from Bhuj.

National Highway 41 (India)
National Highway 41 (NH 41) is a primary national highway in India. This highway runs entirely in the state of Gujarat starting from Samakhiyali and terminating at Narayan Sarovar. This national highway is 290 km (180 mi) long.
Tickled
Tickled is a 2016 New Zealand documentary about "competitive endurance tickling" and videos featuring it, and the practices of those producing the videos. It is directed by David Farrier and Dylan Reeve.

The film explores possible legal and ethical issues with certain individuals making the videos, and has itself been the subject of legal challenges. A follow-up special, The Tickle King, aired on HBO in February 2017.

The Salt Lake Tribune
The Salt Lake Tribune is a newspaper published in the city of Salt Lake City, Utah. The Tribune is owned by The Salt Lake Tribune, Inc., a non-profit corporation. The newspaper's motto is "Utah's Independent Voice Since 1871."
South Bank busway station
South Bank busway station is located in Brisbane, Australia, serving the suburb of South Brisbane. It opened on 23 October 2000 when the South East Busway opened from the Cultural Centre to Woolloongabba. South Bank railway station is located adjacent to the busway station.

It is served by 22 routes operated by Transport for Brisbane and Clarks Logan City Bus Service as part of the Translink network.

Clarks Logan City Bus Service
Clarks Logan City Bus Service is an Australian operator of bus services in the southern suburbs of Brisbane. It operates 28 services under contract to the Government of Queensland under the Translink banner.

In 2008, Graham Davis became the CEO of Clarks Logan City Bus Service.

In April 2016, the operator celebrated its 40th anniversary.
2018 Eliteserien promotion/relegation play-offs
The 2018 Eliteserien promotion/relegation play-offs was the 45th time a spot in the Eliteserien was decided by play-off matches between top tier and second level clubs. In the play-offs, five teams compete for one spot in the 2019 Eliteserien.

At the end of the 2018 season, Start and Sandefjord were relegated directly to 2019 1. divisjon, and were replaced by Viking and Mjøndalen who were directly promoted.

Mjøndalen IF
Mjøndalen IF is a Norwegian sports club located in Mjøndalen, Buskerud, Norway. Of the different athletic endeavours that the club supports, it may be best known in Norway for its bandy national championship teams and internationally for its association football national championship teams that have competed in UEFA championships. Founded in 1910, it has sections for association football, bandy, baseball, cycling, gymnastics, handball, judo and skiing. The club formerly had a section for athletics.
1992–93 WFA National League
The 1992–93 WFA National League season was the 2nd season of the WFA National League. The competition was organised by the Women's Football Association.

Arsenal won their first women's National League title, two points ahead of the previous champions of 1991–92, Doncaster Belles.

The 2–1 win for Arsenal against Doncaster in March at Highbury was instrumental in securing the championship, reportedly only the second defeat of Doncaster Belles in a league game in 15 years. Naz Ball scored the winning goal. The game (part of an Arsenal fundraising day for Michael Watson) had 18,196 fans, the Women's National League/Premier League attendance record.

Arsenal also completed a Treble by defeating Doncaster Belles in the 1993 WFA Cup Final and then beating Knowsley United in the 1992–93 National League Cup Final. Later, Arsenal repeated the domestic Treble in 2000–01 and 2006–07.

1993 WFA Cup final
The 1993 WFA Cup final was the 23rd final of the Women's FA Cup, England's primary cup competition for women's football teams. The showpiece event was the last to be played under the auspices of the Women's Football Association (WFA) prior to their takeover by the Football Association (FA).

The final was contested between Arsenal and Doncaster Belles on 24 April 1993 at the Manor Ground in Oxford, with highlights broadcast the following day on Channel 4. Arsenal won 3–0 in front of a crowd of 3,547 to clinch their first WFA Cup. As their men's counterpart won the 1992–93 FA Cup, Arsenal became the first club since Southampton in 1976 to win both the men's and women's FA Cup in the same season.
I, Tintin
I, Tintin (French: Moi, Tintin) is a Franco-Belgian film which premiered in the Paris cinema as a feature presentation in 1976. 
It is made in semidocumentary style and mixing interviews with The Adventures of Tintin creator Hergé with real historical events and news stories edited together with animated Adventures of Tintin clips, narrated by Belgian news correspondent, Gérard Valet.
The film was produced by Belvision Studios and Pierre Films in cooperation with the Franco-Belgian Ministry of Culture (Ministère de la Culture Française de Belgique).

Semidocumentary
A semidocumentary is a form of book, film, or television program presenting a fictional story that incorporates many factual details or actual events, or which is presented in a manner similar to a documentary.
Max Godden
The Ven Max Leon  Godden, MA (25 November 1923 – 1 March 2000) was Archdeacon of Lewes from 1972  until 1975; and of Lewes and Hastings from then until 1988.

He was born on 25 November  1923  and educated at The Judd School and  Worcester College, Oxford. After World War II service with the RAFVR he was ordained in 1953 and began his career with curacies in Cuckfield and Brighton.  He was Vicar of Hangleton from 1957 to 1962  and then of Glynde until 1982.

He died on  1 March 2000.

Cuckfield
Cuckfield (/ˈkʊkfiːld/ KUUK-feeld) is a village and civil parish in the Mid Sussex District of West Sussex, England, on the southern slopes of the Weald. It lies 34 miles (55 km) south of London, 13 miles (21 km) north of Brighton, and 31 miles (50 km) east northeast of the county town of Chichester. Nearby towns include Haywards Heath to the southeast and Burgess Hill to the south. It is surrounded on the other sides by the parish of Ansty and Staplefield formerly known as Cuckfield Rural.

Aumale in Normandy has been a twin town since 1993 and Karlstadt in Bavaria since 1998.