hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Supervisory control theory
The supervisory control theory (SCT), also known as the Ramadge–Wonham framework (RW framework), is a method for automatically synthesizing supervisors that restrict the behavior of a plant such that as much as possible of the given specifications are fulfilled. The plant is assumed to spontaneously generate events. The events are in either one of the following two categories controllable or uncontrollable. The supervisor observes the string of events generated by the plant and might prevent the plant from generating a subset of the controllable events. However, the supervisor has no means of forcing the plant to generate an event.

In its original formulation the SCT considered the plant and the specification to be modeled by formal languages, not necessarily regular languages generated by finite automata as was done in most subsequent work.

Regular language
In theoretical computer science and formal language theory, a regular language (also called a rational language) is a formal language that can be defined by a regular expression, in the strict sense in theoretical computer science (as opposed to many modern regular expression engines, which are augmented with features that allow the recognition of non-regular languages).

Alternatively, a regular language can be defined as a language recognised by a finite automaton. The equivalence of regular expressions and finite automata is known as Kleene's theorem (after American mathematician Stephen Cole Kleene). In the Chomsky hierarchy, regular languages are the languages generated by Type-3 grammars.
Arne Tovik
Arne Olsen Tovik (1956 – 9 June 2009) was a Norwegian journalist.

He was active in the Workers' Youth League in his younger days. He worked for the Labour Party from 1984, and was a campaign secretary for the Norwegian elections of 1987.

In 1987 he was hired as a journalist in Telemark Arbeiderblad (from 1994 Telemarksavisa). He was promoted to editor-in-chief in 1990. Among others, he oversaw its transition to the tabloid format. From 1993 he worked for the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation, and in 2004 he was hired as political editor for the Telemarksavisa competitor Varden. He has also worked in Porsgrunns Dagblad.

He died in June 2009. The editors-in-chief of both Telemarksavisa and Varden described Tovik as one of the most prominent press people in Telemark.

Workers' Youth League (Norway)
The Workers' Youth League (Bokmål: Arbeidernes ungdomsfylking, Nynorsk: Arbeidarane si ungdomsfylking, or AUF) is Norway's largest political youth organization and is affiliated with the Norwegian Labour Party.
Holme Abbey
Holme Abbey can refer to:

Holme Abbey (Denmark) a Cistercian monastery in Denmark, now Brahetrolleborg

Holme Abbey, Cumbria, also known as Abbeytown, a parish in Cumbria, England

Holmcultram Abbey, also known as Holm Cultram Abbey or Holme Cultram Abbey, a Cistercian monastery in Cumbria, England

Holmcultram Abbey
Holmcultram Abbey (alternatively Holm Cultram Abbey or Holme Cultram Abbey) was a Cistercian monastery in what is now the village of Abbeytown in Cumbria, England.

Founded in 1150, the abbey was suppressed in 1538 during the Dissolution of the Monasteries. The former monastic church remains in use as a parish church (St Mary's Church, Abbeytown) and a place of worship.
Jessie Lennox
Jessie Lennox (1830-1933) was a British nurse, trained at Florence Nightingale's school of nursing. She is also known for accompanying the writer Anna Mackenzie and Mary Livingstone, wife of David Livingstone, when they travelled to Africa to find him in 1862.

Anne Mackenzie (writer)
Anne Mackenzie (13 August 1818 – 13 February 1877) was a 19th-century British writer. She spent some time teaching at mission schools in South Africa before joining the Zambesi Mission of the Universities' Mission to Central Africa, which was led by her brother, Charles. After his death, she returned to England, where she edited the monthly missionary magazine The Net Cast in Many Waters: Sketches from the Life of Missionaries which was published by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel (SPG) in London, from 1866 to 1896.  This had a special interest in missions in Zululand, but also covered other Anglican missions, especially those run by the SPG. Working with and for her brother, first at Durban and then at the Umhlali station, Anne grew more and more into his spirit of self-devotion. The years she spent in assisting his labours among the Nguni and colonists were the happiest of her life, though exhausting.
2024 NHK Trophy
The 2024 NHK Trophy was the fourth event of the 2024–25 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating: a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held at the Yoyogi National Gymnasium in Tokyo, Japan, from November 8–10. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Skaters also earned points toward qualifying for the 2024–25 Grand Prix Final.

Yoyogi National Gymnasium
Yoyogi National Gymnasium, officially Yoyogi National Stadium (Japanese: 国立代々木競技場, Hepburn: Kokuritsu Yoyogi Kyōgi-jō) is an indoor arena located at Yoyogi Park in Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan, which is famous for its suspension roof design.

The arena can hold 12,898 people (8,774 stand seats and 4,124 arena seats) and an arena area of 4,000 square metres (43,000 sq ft). It is now primarily used for ice hockey, futsal, basketball and volleyball.

The NHK studios are adjacent to the arena along the edge of Yoyogi Park. Therefore, images of the arena are regularly featured at the end of NHK Newsline broadcasts.
William III of Forcalquier
William I  (born c. 1085 and died October 1129) was the Count of Forcalquier and Marquis of Provence from 1094. He was the second son of Count Ermengol IV of Urgell and the only son of Adelaide of Forcalquier, heiress of Count William Bertrand of Provence.

William married Gersende, daughter of Count Guigues III of Albon. They had two sons, Guigues of Forcalquier and Bertrand I.

On the death of his father in 1092, he received a part of the parias (tribute) from the taifa of Zaragoza. His father's will, now lost, enjoined him and his brother Ermengol V, who inherited Urgell, to fight continuously against the Muslims.

William inherited a share of Provence (Forcalquier) on the death of his maternal grandfather in 1094. He died in Avignon.

Parias
In medieval Spain, parias (from medieval Latin pariāre, "to make equal [an account]", i.e. pay) were a form of tribute paid by the taifas of al-Andalus to the Christian kingdoms of the north. Parias dominated relations between the Islamic and the Christian states in the years following the disintegration of the Caliphate of Córdoba (1031) until the reunification of Islamic Spain under the Almoravid dynasty (beginning in 1086). The parias were a form of protection money established by treaty. The payee owed the tributary military protection against foes both Islamic and Christian. Usually the original exaction was forced, either by a large razzia or the threat of one, or as the cost of supporting one Islamic party against another. (The word "taifa" means "party [kingdom]" and refers to the prevalence of factionalism in Islamic Spain during the taifas era.)
NBA G League Team Executive of the Year Award
The NBA Development League Team Executive of the Year is an annual NBA Development League (D-League) award given since the 2009–10 season to the top front office executive involved in team operations. The award is determined by peer voting and teams are not allowed to vote for themselves. Jon Jennings, the President and General Manager of the Maine Red Claws, was the inaugural winner. He was recognized for leading a team that sold out its inaugural season, led the league in merchandise sales and ticket revenue, and was among the top teams in sponsorship revenue. Matt Bresee would earn the honor during the Erie BayHawks' final season of operation as a sense of recognition for his work while the team operated under the three different teams that work beyond them now in the Osceola Magic, College Park Skyhawks, and Birmingham Squadron.

Jon Jennings
Jon Paul Jennings (born October 2, 1962) is an American city manager, politician, and basketball coach. He formerly served as city manager of Portland, Maine, and Clearwater, Florida. He was also the founder, president, and general manager of the Maine Red Claws of the NBA Development League.
1982 U.S. Women's Open
The 1982 U.S. Women's Open was the 37th U.S. Women's Open, held July 22–25 at Del Paso Country Club in Sacramento, California.

Janet Alex shot a final round 68 (−4) for 283 (−5) to gain her only LPGA victory (and only major title), six strokes ahead of four runners-up. She began the final round in third, two strokes behind 54-hole leader Beth Daniel with two-time champion JoAnne Carner, the 36-hole leader, in second. Alex's 68 was the lowest score for all four rounds of the championship.

Attendance records were set for the U.S. Women's Open, with over 14,600 on Sunday and 44,600 for the week.

Beth Daniel
Beth Daniel (born October 14, 1956) is an American professional golfer. She became a member of the LPGA Tour in 1979 and won 33 LPGA Tour events, including one major championship, during her career. She is a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame.
Mark Funderburk
Mark Clifford Funderburk (born May 16, 1957) is a retired Major League Baseball outfielder and designated hitter. He played during two seasons at the major league level for the Minnesota Twins. He was drafted by the Twins in the 16th round of the 1976 amateur entry draft. Funderburk played his first professional season with their Rookie League Elizabethton Twins in 1976, and his last with their Double-A Orlando Twins in 1987.

He also played for the Venezuelan Professional Baseball League (LVBP) with Navegantes del Magallanes. He became the first player to hit two home runs in the same inning in the LVBP on November 16, 1985 against Leones del Caracas. He also played for the Rimini Baseball Club in the Italian Baseball League.

Italian Baseball League
The Italian Baseball League (IBL, Italian: Campionato italiano di baseball), officially known as the Serie A (Italian pronunciation: [ˈsɛːrje ˈa]), is the top-level baseball league in Italy. Founded in 1948, it is governed by the Italian Baseball & Softball Federation (FIBS), which has its headquarters in Rome.

Many of the teams are based in the northern Emilia-Romagna region of Italy, which has historically been the hotbed of baseball in the country; a team from the Republic of San Marino also plays in Serie A.

Like most sports leagues in Europe, and unlike professional baseball leagues in North America and Asia, the IBL uses a promotion and relegation system; the bottom five clubs are relegated to the Serie B minor league. Winners of the league are awarded a scudetto, and earn the right to represent Italy in the European Champions Cup.
Mpg123
mpg123 is a free and open-source audio player. It supports MPEG audio formats, including MP3.

As a console application, it has no graphical user interface.

mpg123's Assembly code is optimized with SIMD instructions to improve the performance of the iDCT part of the MPEG decoding.

mpg123's decoding library, libmpg123 is used by DeaDBeeF, Audacious, XMMS and Winamp (version 5.8) for MP3 playback and can be used in Winamp before version 5.8 via a plugin.

Moving Picture Experts Group
The Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) is an alliance of working groups established jointly by ISO and IEC that sets standards for media coding, including compression coding of audio, video, graphics, and genomic data; and transmission and file formats for various applications. Together with JPEG, MPEG is organized under ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 – Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information (ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1, Subcommittee 29).

MPEG formats are used in various multimedia systems. The most well known older MPEG media formats typically use MPEG-1, MPEG-2, and MPEG-4 AVC media coding and MPEG-2 systems transport streams and program streams. Newer systems typically use the MPEG base media file format and dynamic streaming (a.k.a. MPEG-DASH).
Nick Denes Field
Nick Denes Field is a baseball venue located on the campus of Western Kentucky University in Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States. It is home to the Western Kentucky Hilltoppers baseball team, a member of the NCAA Division I Conference USA. The field has a capacity of 1,500 people, 1,000 of which consists of chair-backed seating. In 2010, $1 million renovations added the Paul C. Orberson Baseball Clubhouse. The clubhouse is located down the left field at the venue.

Baseball field
A baseball field, also called a ball field or baseball diamond, is the field upon which the game of baseball is played. The term can also be used as a metonym for a baseball park. The term sandlot is sometimes used, although this usually refers to less organized venues for activities like sandlot ball.
Damour river
Damour river or (Arabic: نهر الدامور, Nahr Al Damour) is a 37.5-kilometre (23.3 mi) coastal river in the Mount Lebanon Governorate in Lebanon. The river's headwaters originate on and around the slopes of the 1,943-meter peak Jabal el-Barouk, site of a nature preserve where some of Lebanon's largest and oldest Cedars of Lebanon are found, and flows west through the Jisr Al-Kadi valley, where it receives water from the creeks of the Chouf mountains. The river flows towards the Mediterranean Sea, south of Damour, which bears the river's name.

Barouk
Barouk (Arabic: باروك) is a village in the Chouf District of Mount Lebanon Governorate in Lebanon. Barouk is located 52 kilometers southeast of Beirut. Its average elevation is 1000 to 1200 meters above sea level and its total land area consists of 2,762 hectares. The village had 5,197 registered voters in 2010. Its inhabitants are predominantly Druze and Maronite and Melkite Christians.

Historically, Barouk is known for being the "land of good", because of its fountain, Nabeh-el-Barouk. The poet Rachid Nakhle, the writer of the national anthem, "Kulluna lel watan", was born in Barouk. The village is also well known for its apples and other fruits, and for its many pine and oak forests. Barouk is named after the adjacent mountain of Jabal el-Barouk ('Mount Barouk'), which stands 1,943 meters above sea level. The mountain also has the largest nature reserve in Lebanon, the Al Shouf Cedar Nature Reserve.
Ejby, Middelfart
Ejby is a small railway town in Middelfart Municipality. It lies between Odense station and Middelfart station, on the island of Funen, Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark. It has a population of 2,154 (1 January 2025).

Until 1 January 2007, Ejby was the municipal seat of the former Ejby Municipality.

Odense station
Odense Station (Danish: Odense Banegård Center) is the main railway station serving the city of Odense, Denmark. It is located in central Odense, on the northern edge of the historic town centre, and lies immediately adjacent to the Odense bus station and a stop on the Odense Tramway.

Situated as a major station on the Copenhagen–Fredericia/Taulov line, it is also the terminus of the Svendborgbanen railway line between Odense and Svendborg. The first station in Odense, now demolished, opened in 1865 as the railway line across the island of Funen was completed. The current station building opened in 1995.
Arion fasciatus
Arion fasciatus, also known by its common name the Orange-banded Arion, is a species of air-breathing, completely shell-less, land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Arionidae, the round-back slugs.

The species was first described by Sven Nilsson in 1823.

Slug
Slug or land slug is a common name for any apparently shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusc. The word slug is also often used as part of the common name of any gastropod mollusc that has no shell, a very reduced shell, or only a small internal shell, particularly sea slugs and semi-slugs (this is in contrast to the common name snail, which applies to gastropods that have a coiled shell large enough that they can fully retract their soft parts into it).

Various taxonomic families of land slugs form part of several quite different evolutionary lineages, which also include snails. Thus, the various families of slugs are not closely related, despite the superficial similarity in overall body form. The shell-less condition has arisen many times independently as an example of convergent evolution, and thus the category "slug" is polyphyletic.
Moat Park
Moat Park (/məʊt/) is a large public park located in Dundonald, Belfast, Northern Ireland. The Moat Park area also includes residential areas such as Moatview Park and Park Avenue.

Situated in East Belfast, Dundonald, leads off the Upper Newtownards Road, Comber Road and East Link Road. The surrounding area features Dundonald Village, Dundonald Primary School, Ulster Hospital, McDonald's, and St. Elizabeth's Church and Graveyard. The Enler River flows through the park.

Facilities include a bowling pavilion, basketball court, outdoor gym, playing fields, children's play park walks and nature areas. The centerpiece of Moat Park is the Moat Hill, a Norman motte-and-bailey from the 13th century. Moat Park also has a memorial for WWI and WWII known as the Garden of Reflection, which holds remembrance services. Events and maintenance is managed by the Lisburn and Castlereagh City Council.

Ulster Hospital
The Ulster Hospital, commonly known as the Ulster, is a teaching hospital in Dundonald (at the eastern edge of Belfast) in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is within the townland of Ballyregan, beside the A20 road. It provides acute services in the North Down, Ards and Castlereagh council areas, as well as east Belfast. It is managed by the South Eastern Health and Social Care Trust.
Mausoleum of Shah Rokneddin
The Mausoleum of Shah Rokneddin (Persian: بقعه شاه رکن الدین; Arabic: قبر شاه ركن الدين) is a mausoleum located in the Shah Rokn-ed-din district of Dezful, in the province of Khuzestan, Iran. It was built in the 15th century CE, during the Timurid era, and is the resting place of, Ali al-Mashhour, a son of Baba Rokneddin Wali.

The mausoleum was added to the Iran National Heritage List on 23 May 1977 and is administered by the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran.

Iran National Heritage List
Iran National Heritage List is a register of nationally significant monuments, places, buildings, events, etc., officially registered under the National Heritage Preservation Act of 1930. According to Article 1 of this law, "All the industrial monuments and buildings that were built up to the end of the Zand dynasty in the country of Iran, including movable and immovable in accordance with Article 13 of this law, can be considered as national heritage of Iran and under the protection and supervision of the state."

After 25 years, on 1 February 1956, with the registration of the Golestan Palace, the ban on the registration of works related to the Qajar era was practically lifted and subsequently the official list of these monuments was published under the current name.
Grand Pacific Drive
The Grand Pacific Drive is a scenic drive in New South Wales, Australia.

Starting in the Royal National Park, it crosses the Sea Cliff Bridge and continues through Wollongong, Shellharbour, Kiama, and the Shoalhaven on a total length of 140 kilometres (87 mi).

Shellharbour, New South Wales
Shellharbour (also known as Shellharbour Village) is a suburb located in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. It also gives its name to the local government area, City of Shellharbour, and its central business district, Shellharbour City Centre.

The suburb is centred on the small recreational harbour named Shell Harbour. It has two main beaches: Shellharbour Beach, which runs to Barrack Point and Shellharbour South Beach, which runs toward Bass Point.

Shellharbour hosts Harbourside Markets on the fourth Sunday of the month, in Little Park.
Selvadurai
Selvadurai (Tamil: செல்வதுரை) is a masculine given name or a surname. The name "Selvadurai" means  "prosperous leader". It is the combination of selvam செல்வம் (meaning wealth, prosperity or wealth) and durai துரை (meaning lord, leader or lord).

Notable people with the include:

Naveen Selvadurai (born 1982), American internet entrepreneur

Nevins Selvadurai (1863–1938), Ceylon Tamil teacher, member of the State Council of Ceylon

P. Selvadurai (1933–2024), Singaporean politician and lawyer

R. R. Selvadurai (1894–1973), Ceylon Tamil lawyer and civil servant

Shyam Selvadurai (born 1965), Sri Lankan-Canadian novelist

Naveen Selvadurai
Naveen Selvadurai (born January 27, 1982) is an American internet entrepreneur and co-founder of location-based social networking site Foursquare.com. Until recently, he was working at startup studio Expa which was founded by co-founder of Uber and StumbleUpon - Garrett Camp, as a partner. He was featured in Inc Magazine's 30 under 30 list in the year 2010. He was also featured in Rediff.com's article - 4 NRIs among US's coolest young entrepreneurs.
Goffredo Parise
Goffredo Parise (8 December 1929 in Vicenza – 31 August 1986 in Treviso) was an Italian writer, journalist, and screenwriter. He won the Viareggio Prize in 1965 for his novel Il padrone (The Boss) and the Strega Prize in 1982 for Sillabario n.2.

Treviso
Treviso (US: /treɪˈviːzoʊ/ tray-VEE-zoh; Italian: [treˈviːzo] ⓘ; Venetian: Trevixo [tɾeˈvizo]) is a city and comune (municipality) in the Veneto region of northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Treviso and the municipality has 87,322 inhabitants (as of December 2024). Some 3,000 live within the Venetian walls (le Mura) or in the historical and monumental center; some 80,000 live in the urban center while the city hinterland has a population of approximately 170,000.

The province is home to the headquarters of clothing retailer Benetton, Sisley, Stefanel, Geox, Diadora and Lotto Sport Italia, appliance maker De'Longhi, and bicycle maker Pinarello.

Treviso is also known for being the original production area of Prosecco wine and radicchio, and is thought to have been the origin of the popular Italian dessert tiramisù.
Miraah
Miraah is a solar thermal energy plant that is under construction in Oman for the production of steam for solar thermal enhanced oil recovery. In July 2015, Petroleum Development Oman and GlassPoint Solar announced that they signed a $600 million agreement to build the 1 GWth solar field. The project will be one of the world's largest solar field measured by peak thermal capacity.

The plant uses large mirrors to focus sunlight and convert oilfield water into steam, which is then used to extract viscous or heavy oil from the ground. This method is used as an alternative to steam generated from the burning of natural gas.

Steam
Steam is water vapor, often mixed with air and/or an aerosol of liquid water droplets. This may occur by evaporation or by boiling, where heat is applied until water reaches the enthalpy of vaporization. Superheated or saturated steam is invisible; however, wet steam, a visible mist or aerosol of water droplets, is often referred to as  "steam".: 6

When liquid water becomes steam, it increases in volume by 1,700 times at standard temperature and pressure; this change in volume can be converted into mechanical work by steam engines such as reciprocating piston-type engines and steam turbines. Piston-type steam engines played a central role in the Industrial Revolution, and steam-based generation today produces 80 percent of the world's electricity. If liquid water comes into contact with a very hot surface or depressurizes quickly below its vapor pressure, it can create a steam explosion.