hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Graphics Layout Engine
Graphics Layout Engine (GLE) is a graphics scripting language designed for creating publication quality graphs, plots, diagrams, figures and slides. GLE supports various graph types such as function plots, histograms, bar graphs, scatter plots, contour lines, color maps and surface plots through a simple but flexible set of graphing commands. More complex output can be created by relying on GLE's scripting language, which is full featured with subroutines, variables, and logic control. GLE relies on LaTeX for text output and supports mathematical formula in graphs and figures. GLE's output formats include EPS, PS, PDF, JPEG, and PNG.

The GLE software dates back to the early 1990s and it is still under active development. Currently, GLE development is hosted on GitHub.

Scatter plot
A scatter plot, also called a scatterplot, scatter graph, scatter chart, scattergram, or scatter diagram, is a type of plot or mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to display values for typically two variables for a set of data. If the points are coded (color/shape/size), one additional variable can be displayed.
The data are displayed as a collection of points, each having the value of one variable determining the position on the horizontal axis and the value of the other variable determining the position on the vertical axis.
Diocese of Saint-Dié
The Diocese of Saint-Dié (Latin: Dioecesis Sancti Deodatiis; French: Diocèse de Saint-Dié) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in France. The diocese has the same boundaries as the département of the Vosges. The bishop's cathedra is Saint-Dié Cathedral in the town now named Saint-Dié-des-Vosges, but since 1944 has lived in Épinal, capital of the département. The Diocese of Saint–Dié is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Besançon.

Cathedra
A cathedra is the throne of a bishop, found in the cathedral church of his diocese. The word derives from the Greek καθέδρα (kathédra), meaning "seat", especially one used by a bishop or teacher; this term is also the ultimate source of the word "chair".
Solo climbing
Solo climbing (or soloing) is a style of climbing in which the climber ascends a climbing route alone and deliberately without the assistance of a belayer (or "second"), or being part of any rope team.  By its very nature, solo climbing presents a higher degree of risk to the climber as they are entirely reliant on their own skills (e.g. climbing technique, navigation) and their own equipment to complete the climbing route – any serious problems may require a self-rescue.

Solo climbing is most common in mountaineering and more laterly in the more demanding sub-disciplines of alpine climbing and of rope solo climbing. The most dangerous form of solo climbing is that of free solo climbing, which means both climbing alone and also without using any form of climbing protection, as was dramatically portrayed in the climbing films Free Solo (for rock climbing) and The Alpinist (for ice climbing and for alpine climbing).

Belaying
In climbing and mountaineering, belaying comprises techniques used to create friction within a climbing protection system, particularly on a climbing rope, so that a falling climber does not fall very far. A climbing partner typically applies tension at the other end of the rope whenever the climber is not moving, and removes the tension from the rope whenever the climber needs more rope to continue climbing.  The belay is the place where the belayer is anchored, which is typically on the ground, or on ledge (where it is also called a belay station) but may also be a hanging belay where the belayer themself is suspended from an anchor in the rock on a multi-pitch climb.
Parotocinclus jumbo
Parotocinclus jumbo is a fish in the family Loricariidae native to South America. It is found swimming in the Paraiba do Norte and Piranhas rivers in Paraiba State, Canhotinho River in Pernambuco State, a tributary of the Mundau River, flowing near the city of Maceio in Alagoas State, and Salgado River in Ceara State, Brazil. This species reaches a length of 5.8 cm (2.3 in).

Loricariidae
Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, Hypostomus plecostomus, and are popular as aquarium fish.
DCeased
DCeased is a six-issue comic book miniseries published by DC Comics from May to October 2019. It was created by writer Tom Taylor and the artistic team including penciler Trevor Hairsine and inker Stefano Guadiano. The story takes place in an alternate Earth, where a corrupted version of the Anti-Life Equation has infected most of Earth's inhabitants with a zombie-like virus. Lois Lane acts as the series' narrator, detailing how the events took place over the course of a few weeks.

It was followed by several sequels and spin-offs each narrated by a different character.

Trevor Hairsine
Trevor Hairsine is a British comics artist, whose detailed style has been compared to that of Bryan Hitch.

In August 2005 Marvel Editor-in-Chief Joe Quesada named him as one of Marvel Comics's "Young Guns", a group of artists who have the qualities that make "a future superstar penciller".
Marc Evers
Marc Evers (born 17 July 1991) is a Dutch Paralympic swimmer. He swims in S14 and SB14 classification events, specializing in both backstroke and breaststroke competitions. He is a Paralympic, World and European champion in the 100m breaststroke.

Para swimming
Para swimming is an adaptation of the sport of swimming for athletes with disabilities. Para swimmers compete at the Summer Paralympic Games and at other sports competitions throughout the world. The sport is governed by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC). Both men and women compete in para swimming, racing against competitors of their own gender.
Numminen
Numminen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jaakko Numminen (1928–2022), Finnish politician

Kalevi Numminen (born 1940), Finnish ice hockey player

M. A. Numminen (born 1940), Finnish artist

Teppo Numminen (born 1968), Finnish ice hockey player

Jaakko Numminen
Jaakko Mauri Numminen (22 October 1928 – 19 September 2022) was a Finnish politician. An independent, he served as Minister of Education from May to July 1970.

Numminen died in Helsinki on 19 September 2022, at the age of 93.
Babojab
Shudargabaatar Babojab (Mongolian: Шударга баатар Бавуужав, 1875–1916) was an ethnic Mongol prince and military leader. The Japanese planned to overthrow Yuan Shikai's government by supporting Babojab in his effort to re-establish the Qing dynasty, which would rule the Mongolian Plateau, Manchuria, and North China. At the end of 1915, Babojab's army retreated to Hailar after attacks from Khatanbaatar Magsarjav near Dolon Nor and Hohhot His troops fought the soldiers of the Republic of China in Manchuria and Inner Mongolia during the Warlord Era. In July 1916 following the death of Yuan Shikai, he enlisted the help of Kawashima Naniwa and other Japanese nationals and raised an army. Three thousand Mongolian cavalrymen defeated Wu Junsheng's Fengtian Clique and occupied Guojiadian in Shandong, on the main line of the South Manchuria Railway. However, later that year Babojab was killed and his army defeated near Linxi, Inner Mongolia.

His son Ganjuurjab married Yoshiko Kawashima.

Hailar District
Hailar District, formerly a county-level city, is an urban district that serves as the seat of the prefecture-level city Hulunbuir in northeastern Inner Mongolia, China. Hulunbuir, due to its massive size, is a city in administrative terms only, being mainly grassland and rural.

Long known as the "Pearl of the Grasslands", Hailar acts as a gateway between China and Russia. The district spans an area of 1,319.8 square kilometers, and has an estimated population of 365,000 as of 2010. The district serves as a regional center for commerce, trade, and transportation.
ZNetwork
ZNetwork, formerly known as Z Communications, is a left-wing activist-oriented media group founded in 1986 by Michael Albert and Lydia Sargent. It is, in broad terms, ideologically libertarian socialist, anti-capitalist, and heavily influenced by participatory economics, although much of its content is focused on critical commentary of foreign affairs. Its publications include Z Magazine, ZNet, and Z Video. Since early November 2022, they have all been regrouped under the name ZNetwork.

Kevin Zeese
Kevin Bruce Zeese (October 28, 1955 – September 6, 2020) was an American lawyer, U.S. Senate candidate and political activist. He worked to end the war on drugs and mass incarceration, and was instrumental in  organizing the 2011 Occupy encampment in Washington, D.C. at Freedom Plaza and occupying the Venezuelan Embassy in the District of Columbia. Zeese co-founded the news site PopularResistance.org in 2011 with his partner, Margeret Flowers. Zeese died of a heart attack on September 6, 2020.
Vavá (footballer, born 1976)
Marcelo Gonçalves Vieira (born 25 July 1976, in Minas Gerais), commonly known as Vavá, is a retired Brazilian footballer who holds a Bulgarian passport as well. He used to play for PFC Belasitsa Petrich and Levski Sofia in Bulgaria.
On 31 October 2002, he was sent off in the 0:1 away loss against Austrian side Sturm Graz in the third round of the UEFA Cup only two minutes after coming on as a substitute.

OFC Belasitsa Petrich
OFC Belasitsa (Bulgarian: ОФК Беласица Петрич) is a Bulgarian football club from the town of Petrich, currently playing in the Second League. The team was founded in 1923. They play at the Stadion Tsar Samuil in Petrich, which has a capacity of 9,500. The club last played in the first tier of Bulgarian football during the 2008-09 season.
Aparna Dutta Gupta
Aparna Dutta Gupta (11 May 1953 - 29 June 2020) was an Indian zoologist and academic. She taught in the Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad. Her research focused on zoology, developmental biology and endocrinology. She carried out research in the field of insect physiology, focusing on pests and their control. Her novel contribution was the discovery that insect fat body expresses hexamerin genes, and the expressed proteins are sequestered by various tissues including male accessory-glands and play a role in reproduction.

Fat body
Fat body is a highly dynamic insect tissue composed primarily of storage cells. It is distributed throughout the insect's internal body cavity (the haemocoel), in close proximity to the hemolymph as well as organs such as the epidermis, digestive organs and ovaries. Its main functions are nutrient storage and metabolism, for which it is commonly compared to a combination of adipose tissue and liver in mammals. However, it may also serve a variety of other roles, such as: endocrine regulation, systemic immunity, vitellogenesis, and the main site of production of antimicrobial molecules called antimicrobial peptides (or AMPs).

Its presence, structure, cellular composition, location, and functions vary widely among insects, even between different species of the same genus or between developmental stages of the same individual, with other specialized organs taking over some or all of its functions.
Nechako: It Will Be a Big River Again
Nechako: It Will Be a Big River Again is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Lyana Patrick and released in 2025. The film centres on the Stellat'en and Saik'uz First Nations, and their fight for restitution after the construction of the Kenney Dam disrupted their traditional livelihoods on and around the Nechako River.

The film premiered at the DOXA Documentary Film Festival, where it received an honorable mention from the Colin Low Award jury.

Colin Low Award
The Colin Low Award is a juried annual film award presented at the DOXA Documentary Film Festival to recognize the director of best Canadian documentary film screened at that year's festival. The award is named in honour of influential Canadian documentary filmmaker Colin Low.

The award is sponsored by the Directors Guild of Canada and comes with a $5,000 cash prize. The award frequently, but not always, presents an honorable mention in addition to the overall winner.
Hemizonella
Hemizonella is a genus of North American plants in the tribe Madieae belonging to the family Asteraceae.

The only known species is Hemizonella minima (opposite-leaved tarweed), native to British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California, Montana, Idaho, Nevada

The plant grows in many types of forest, scrub, and chaparral habitats, from mountains to deserts. It is found in the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Range, and Mojave Desert.

Hemizonella minima is a small annual herb producing a thin, fuzzy stem up to about 15 centimetres (5.9 in) in maximum height. The pointed, hairy leaves are no more than 2.5 centimetres (0.98 in) long. The inflorescence produces one or more tiny flower heads which are oblong or shaped like tops on close inspection. Each is a few millimeters wide, enclosed in phyllaries studded with stalked resin glands, and tipped with minute yellowish florets. The fruit is an achene a few millimeters long with no pappus.

Achene
An achene (/əˈkiːn/; from Ancient Greek  ἀ (a) 'privative' and  χαίνειν (khaínein) 'to gape'), also sometimes called akene and occasionally achenium or achenocarp, is a type of simple dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. Achenes are monocarpellate (formed from one carpel) and indehiscent (they do not open at maturity). Achenes contain a single seed that nearly fills the pericarp, but does not adhere to it.  In many species, what is called the "seed" is an achene, a fruit containing the seed. The seed-like appearance is owed to the hardening of the fruit wall (pericarp), which encloses the solitary seed so closely as to seem like a seed coat.
Pavla Vas
Pavla Vas (pronounced [ˈpaːu̯la ˈʋaːs]; Slovene: Pavla vas) is a settlement south of Tržišče in the Municipality of Sevnica in east-central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

Lower Sava Statistical Region
The Lower Sava Statistical Region (Slovene: posavska statistična regija; until December 31, 2014 spodnjeposavska statistična regija) is a statistical region in Slovenia. It has good traffic accessibility and is located in the Sava and Krka Valleys, with hilly areas with vineyards and an abundance of water. It is the second-smallest statistical region in Slovenia. The only nuclear power plant in the country and Čatež spa are located in the region. The region annually spends EUR 22 million on environmental protection. In 2013, the employment rate in the region was 57.5%. The region was characterized by the largest difference between the employment rate for men and for women (for men it was 12 percentage points higher than for women). In 2013 this region also stood out in number of convicted persons per 1,000 population (8.3).
Tamboragra
Tamboragra or Tambo Ragra (possibly from Quechua tampu inn, raqra fissure, crack, crevice, "tampu crack" or "tampu crevice") is a 4,996-metre-high (16,391 ft) mountain in the Huaguruncho mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Pasco Region, Pasco Province, on the border of the districts of Huachón and Ticlacayan. Tamboragra lies west of Añilcocha and northeast of Huaguruncho.

Department of Pasco
Pasco (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpasko]; Quechua: Pasqu) is a department of Peru. It is located in the country's central highlands. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is Cerro de Pasco.
Epiperipatus lewisi
Epiperipatus lewisi is a species of velvet worm in the Peripatidae family. This species varies from grey to dark reddish brown on its dorsal surface and has 34 to 36 pairs of legs. The type locality is in Jamaica.

Peripatidae
Peripatidae is a family of velvet worms. This family includes more than 90 described species distributed among 13 genera, but some authorities deem only 80 of these species to be valid. The oldest putative representatives of the family herald from Burmese amber dated to the mid-Cretaceous, around 100 million years ago, with representatives from Dominican and Baltic amber attesting to a broader distribution in the Palaeogene / Neogene; molecular variability suggests that the family's crown group may have arisen in the early Mesozoic.
Agrotis interjectionis
Agrotis interjectionis is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in the Northern Territory of Australia, Malaysia and from Sumatra, Java and Sulawesi to Vanuatu.

The larvae are considered a pest on a wide range of tropical crops in South-East Asia, including Saccharum officinarum, Zea mays, Elaeis guineensis, Nicotiana tabacum, Arachis hypogaea, Sesamum, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Gossypium and Allium.

Sesamum
Sesamum is a genus of 31 species in the flowering plant family Pedaliaceae. The plants are annual or perennial herbs with edible seeds. The best-known member of the genus is sesame, Sesamum indicum (syn. Sesamum orientale), the source of sesame seeds. The species are primarily African, with some species occurring in India, Sri Lanka, and China. The origin of S. indicum is uncertain, as it is widely cultivated and naturalized in tropical regions.
The Gobbler
The Gobbler was a motel, supper club, and roadside attraction in Johnson Creek, Wisconsin, United States. It was designed in the late 1960s by Fort Atkinson architect Helmut Ajango for local poultry processor Clarence Hartwig and opened in 1967.  The menu featured turkey, prime rib and steak. It included a rotating circular bar that completed one revolution every 80 minutes. The Gobbler was at the intersection of Wisconsin Highway 26 and I-94, halfway between Milwaukee and Madison, Wisconsin. It closed in 1992. The original restaurant building reopened as the Gobbler Theater in late 2015.

Standing rib roast
A standing rib roast, also known as prime rib, is a cut of beef from the primal rib, one of the primal cuts of beef. While the entire rib section comprises ribs six through 12, a standing rib roast may contain anywhere from two to seven ribs.

It is most often roasted "standing" on the rib bones so that the meat does not touch the pan. An alternative cut removes the top end of the ribs for easier carving.

Rib-eye steaks are cut from a standing rib, boned with most of the fat and lesser muscles removed.

While the cut is often referred to as "prime rib", the USDA does not require the cut to be derived from USDA Prime grade beef.
Schanuel
Schanuel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Nolan Schanuel (born 2002), American baseball player

Stephen Schanuel (1933–2014), American mathematician
Schanuel's conjecture
Schanuel's lemma

Schanuel's conjecture
In mathematics, specifically transcendental number theory, Schanuel's conjecture is a conjecture about the transcendence degree of certain field extensions of the rational numbers , which would establish the transcendence of a large class of numbers, for which this is currently unknown. It is due to Stephen Schanuel and was published by Serge Lang in 1966.
Battle of Xinkou
The Battle of Xinkou (simplified Chinese: 忻口会战; traditional Chinese: 忻口會戰; pinyin: Xīnkǒu Huìzhàn) was a decisive engagement of the Taiyuan Campaign, the second of the 22 major engagements between the National Revolutionary Army and Imperial Japanese Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

Mount Wutai
Mount Wutai, also known by its Chinese name Wutaishan and as Mount Qingliang, is a sacred Buddhist site at the headwaters of the Qingshui in Shanxi Province, China. Its central area is surrounded by a cluster of flat-topped peaks or mesas roughly corresponding to the cardinal directions. The north peak (Beitai Ding or Yedou Feng) is the highest (3,061 m or 10,043 ft from sea) and is also the highest point in North China.

As host to over 53 sacred monasteries, Mount Wutai is home to many of China's most important monasteries and temples.  It was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2009 and named a AAAAA tourist attraction by China's National Tourism Administration in 2007.
Staffordshire County Council
Staffordshire County Council is the upper-tier local authority for the non-metropolitan county of Staffordshire, England. The non-metropolitan county is smaller than the ceremonial county, which additionally includes Stoke-on-Trent.

The council has been under Reform majority control since 2025. It meets at County Buildings in Stafford and has its main offices nearby at Staffordshire Place on Tipping Street.

Ceremonial counties of England
Ceremonial counties, formally known as counties for the purposes of the lieutenancies, are areas of England to which lord-lieutenants are appointed.  A lord-lieutenant is the monarch's representative in an area.

Shrieval counties have the same boundaries and serve a similar purpose, being the areas to which high sheriffs are appointed. High sheriffs are the monarch's judicial representative in an area.

The ceremonial counties are defined in the Lieutenancies Act 1997, and the shrieval counties in the Sheriffs Act 1887. Both are defined as groups of counties used for local government.
Ro4-1539
Ro4-1539 (furethylnorlevorphanol) is an opioid analgesic drug from the morphinan series that was discovered by the pharmaceutical company Hoffmann–La Roche in the 1950s. It acts as a potent μ-opioid agonist, and was found to be around 30-60 times more potent than the related drug levorphanol in animal experiments.  Although it has high potency, long duration, and good therapeutic index (1100 in animal studies), Ro4-1539 had no particular clinical advantages over other available opioid drugs, and was never commercially marketed.

Ro4-1539 has never formally undergone clinical trials in humans, but based on its effects in animals it would be expected to produce effects similar to those of other potent opioid agonists, including strong analgesia, sedation, euphoria, constipation, itching, tachyphylaxis and respiratory depression, which could be harmful or fatal. Due to potential κ-opioid agonism, it may be somewhat dysphoric and cause dissociation.

Sedation
Sedation is the reduction of irritability or agitation by administration of sedative drugs, generally to facilitate a medical procedure or diagnostic procedure. Examples of drugs which can be used for sedation include isoflurane, diethyl ether, propofol, etomidate, ketamine, pentobarbital, lorazepam and midazolam.
Aronai Express
The 12507 / 12508 Aronai Superfast Express is a superfast express train belonging to Indian Railways. It is operated by Northeast Frontier Railway zone that runs between Thiruvananthapuram Central in Kerala and Silchar in Assam. It is the 28th longest train service in the world. Initially, Thiruvananthapuram–Silchar Aronai Superfast Express ran between Thiruvananthapuram Central and Guwahati via Katpadi, Cuttack, Kharagpur, Rampurhat, Malda Town, New Jalpaiguri. On 21 November 2017, it was extended to Silchar. After this extension, it is now the second longest running train in India.

The express train service was started on 14 April 1987. It operates as train number 12507 from Thiruvananthapuram Central to Silchar and as train number 12508 in the reverse direction serving the 8 states of Assam, West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala.

Cuttack Junction railway station
Cuttack Junction railway station, (station code CTC), is a railway junction and serves Cuttack in the Indian state of Odisha. Cuttack Junction railway station is one of the busiest railway station in Odisha.