hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Steuart Pears
Sir Steuart Edmund Pears, KCIE, CSI (1875 – 9 September 1931) was a British administrator in India. A member of the Indian Civil Service, he spent most of his career in the Political Department of the Government of India.

He was British Resident in Mysore from 1925 to 1930 and Chief Commissioner of the North-West Frontier Province from 1930 until death the following year.

On 9 September 1931, Pears died after falling off a cliff in Nathia Gali, the summer headquarters of the government.

Nathia Gali
Nathia Gali or Nathiagali (Urdu: نتھیا گلی) is a hill station and mountain resort town located in the Abbottabad District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is located at the centre of the Galyat tract of the Himalayas, where several hill stations are situated. It is situated approximately 32 kilometres (20 mi) away from both Murree and Abbottabad. Nathia Gali is known for its scenery, hiking trails and weather, which is much cooler than the rest of the Galyat tract due to it being at a higher altitude.
Marco Caldera
Marco Caldera (born 1963) is a former Italian slalom canoeist who competed from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s. He won a silver medal in the K-1 team event at the 1989 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in Savage River.

1989 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 1989 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held on Savage River in Garrett County, Maryland (western part of the state) near Pittsburgh in the United States under the auspices of the International Canoe Federation. It was the 21st edition. It was the first time the championships were held in the United States. Italy won its first ever medal at these championships.
Sexual abuse cases in Brooklyn's Haredi community
The response of the Haredi Jewish community in Brooklyn, New York City, to allegations of sexual abuse against its spiritual leaders has drawn scrutiny from inside and outside the Jewish community. When teachers, rabbis, and other leaders have been accused of sexual abuse, authorities in the Haredi community have often failed to report offenses to the police, intimidated witnesses, and encouraged shunning against victims and those members of the community who speak out against cases of abuse, although work has been done within Jewish communities to begin to address the issue of sexual abuse. Additionally, the existence of sexual abuse has also been used to promote stereotypes or fuel Antisemitic conspiracy theories.

Sexual abuse
Sexual abuse or sex abuse is abusive sexual behavior by one person upon another. It is often perpetrated using physical force, or by taking advantage of another. It often consists of a persistent pattern of sexual assaults. The offender is referred to as a sexual abuser. Live streaming sexual abuse involves trafficking and coerced sexual acts, or rape, in real time on webcam.

Molestation refers to an instance of sexual assault, especially when perpetrated against a child. The perpetrator is called (often pejoratively) a molester. The term also covers behavior by an adult or older adolescent towards a child to sexually stimulate any of the involved. The use of a child for sexual stimulation is referred to as child sexual abuse and, for pubescent or post-pubescent individuals younger than the age of consent, statutory rape.

Sexual abuse can be perpetrated against other vulnerable populations like the elderly, a form of elder abuse, or those with developmental disabilities.
Nowiny, Złotów County
Nowiny [nɔˈvinɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Złotów, within Złotów County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

For centuries, the area was part of the Kingdom of Poland and the Greater Poland region (often called the "cradle of Poland"), which beginning in the 10th-century formed the heart of the early Polish state. During the Partitions of Poland beginning in 1772, the area was annexed by Prussia. From 1871 to 1945 the area was part of Germany. In 1945, it rejoined Poland.

Piast dynasty
The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 960–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of King Casimir III the Great.

Branches of the Piast dynasty continued to rule in the Duchy of Masovia (until 1526) and in the Duchies of Silesia until the last male Silesian Piast died in 1675. The Piasts intermarried with several noble lines of Europe, and possessed numerous titles, some within the Holy Roman Empire. The Jagiellonian kings ruling after the death of Casimir IV of Poland were also descended in the female line from Casimir III's daughter.
HH-suite
The HH-suite is an open-source software package for sensitive protein sequence searching. It contains programs that can search for similar protein sequences in protein sequence databases. Sequence searches are a standard tool in modern biology with which the function of unknown proteins can be inferred from the functions of proteins with similar sequences. HHsearch and HHblits are two main programs in the package and the entry point to its search function, the latter being a faster iteration. HHpred is an online server for protein structure prediction that uses homology information from HH-suite.

The HH-suite searches for sequences using hidden Markov models (HMMs). The name comes from the fact that it performs HMM-HMM alignments. Among the most popular methods for protein sequence matching, the programs have been cited more than 5000 times total according to Google Scholar.

Position weight matrix
A position weight matrix (PWM), also known as a position-specific weight matrix (PSWM) or position-specific scoring matrix (PSSM), is a commonly used representation of motifs (patterns) in biological sequences.

PWMs are often derived from a set of aligned sequences that are thought to be functionally related and have become an important part of many software tools for computational motif discovery.
Frank S. Spear
Frank Spear is an American metamorphic petrologist, with particular expertise in the evolution of the Earth’s crust, and the quantification and modelling of pressure, temperature, time and deformation histories of metamorphic rocks. His work has been recognised with many awards, including the Dana Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America; the Murchison Medal of the Geological Society of London and the Walter H. Bucher Medal of the American Geophysical Union.

American Geophysical Union
The American Geophysical Union (AGU) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization of Earth, atmospheric, ocean, hydrologic, space, and planetary scientists and enthusiasts that according to their website includes 130,000 people (not members). AGU's activities are focused on the organization and dissemination of scientific information in the interdisciplinary and international fields within the Earth and space sciences. The geophysical sciences involve four fundamental areas: atmospheric and ocean sciences; solid-Earth sciences; hydrologic sciences; and space sciences. The organization's headquarters is located on Florida Avenue in Washington, D.C.
March for Truth
The March for Truth was a nationwide anti-Trump protest in support of his impeachment that occurred on Saturday, June 3, 2017, calling for a fair and impartial investigation into the links between Trump associates and Russian officials. Demonstrations were scheduled to place in Washington, D.C., and more than 100 additional cities; publicly called for events in more than 150 US cities.  Scheduled speakers included Javier Muñoz and Jill Wine-Banks, as well as other actors and musicians.

Jill Wine-Banks
Jill Wine-Banks (born May 5, 1943, as Jill Susan Wine), formerly Jill Wine-Volner, is an American lawyer who was one of the prosecutors during the Watergate scandal. She was the first woman to serve as US General Counsel of the Army (1977–80) under President Jimmy Carter. She is also the first woman to have held the position of executive director of the American Bar Association.
Spark (XMPP client)
Spark is an open-source instant messaging program (based on the XMPP protocol) that allows users to communicate in real time.

It can be integrated with the Openfire server to provide additional features such as controlling the various Spark functionalities from a central management console or integrating with a proprietary customer support service known as Fastpath which allows its users to interact with the platform using the Spark client.

Being a cross-platform application, Spark can run on various systems. Installers for Windows, macOS and Linux are available on the official website. The server is JRE-based, where the client is not. The Spark xmpp-client supports neither Jingle nor Omemo encryption.

Jingle (protocol)
Jingle is an extension to XMPP (Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol) which adds peer-to-peer (P2P) session control (signaling) for multimedia interactions such as in Voice over IP (VoIP) or videoconferencing communications. It was designed by Google and the XMPP Standards Foundation.  The multimedia streams are delivered using the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP). If needed, NAT traversal is assisted using Interactive Connectivity Establishment (ICE).

As of September 2018, the Jingle specification is a Stable Standard, meaning: " Implementations are encouraged and the protocol is appropriate for deployment in production systems, but some changes to the protocol are possible before it becomes a Final Standard."
Danny Chiha
Danny Chiha (Arabic: داني شيحا) is a Lebanese rugby league footballer for the Windsor Wolves in the Jim Beam Cup and NSW Cup. He has played for the Lebanon national rugby league team, and was selected to play in the 2009 European Cup. His position of choice is at centre.

Ron Massey Cup
The Ron Massey Cup (formerly known as the Bundaberg Red Cup and Jim Beam Cup) is a semi-professional development level rugby league competition in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, run by the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL). The competition is run concurrently with the National Rugby League (NRL). It currently comprises 13 teams drawn from the Sydney metropolitan area. The competition is named after Ron Massey, a former rugby league coach. Ron Massey died on 19 September 2016.

The competition is an expanded version of the former Metropolitan Cup and Second Division competitions. The competition was renamed the Bundaberg Red Cup after the 2008 season (the last Jim Beam Cup season), after Bundaberg Rum replaced former sponsor Jim Beam. For the 2013 season, the competition was re-branded as the Ron Massey Cup in honour of the former coach, tactician, mentor and administrator.
Rosemary Ndlovu
Nomia Rosemary Ndlovu (born 1978) is a South African convicted serial killer and former policewoman who was convicted in the deaths of six people – her live-in partner and five of her relatives – between 2012 and 2018. Her motive was to live off of their life and funeral insurance policies, having collected as much as R1.4 million (US$93,000) at the time of her arrest. In 2021 Ndlovu was sentenced to six concurrent life terms for the murders and a total of thirty years; ten years for four fraud counts, ten years for each of the seven incitement to commit murder charges and ten years for the attempted murder of her mother, Maria Mushawana.

South African rand
The South African rand, or simply the rand, (sign: R; code: ZAR) is the official currency of South Africa. It is subdivided into 100 cents (sign: "c"), and a comma separates the rand and cents.

The South African rand is legal tender in the Common Monetary Area member states of Namibia, Lesotho, and Eswatini, with these three countries also having national currencies (the dollar, the loti, and the lilangeni respectively) pegged with the rand at parity and still widely accepted as substitutes. The rand was also legal tender in Botswana until 1976, when the pula replaced the rand at par.

The rand is legal tender in Zimbabwe as part of its multiple currency system, which also includes other currencies such as the euro, the pound sterling, the US dollar, and the Zimbabwean ZiG.
David Whitmer
David Whitmer (January 7, 1805 – January 25, 1888) was an early leader of the Latter Day Saint Movement and one of the Three Witnesses to the gold plates of the Book of Mormon. Whitmer later distanced himself from Joseph Smith and was excommunicated from the church in 1838, but continued to affirm his testimony of the Book of Mormon. He separated, mainly troubled by polygamy, and created an offshoot of the LDS church called the Church of Christ. He was the most interviewed Book of Mormon witness.

Kirtland, Ohio
Kirtland is a city in Lake County, Ohio, United States. The population was 6,937 at the 2020 census. Kirtland is known for being the early headquarters of the Latter Day Saint movement from 1831 to 1837 and the site of the movement's first temple, the Kirtland Temple, completed in 1836. The Kirtland Temple and nearby Historic Kirtland Village are maintained as historic sites highlighting that era. The city is also the location for multiple parks in the Lake Metroparks system, as well as the Holden Arboretum.
Saint-François River
The Saint-François River (French: Rivière Saint-François, pronounced [ʁivjɛʁ sɛ̃ fʁɑ̃swa]) is a right tributary of the St. Lawrence River in Quebec, Canada.

Its source is Lake Saint-François in Chaudière-Appalaches, southeast of Thetford Mines. It flows southwest towards Sherbrooke, where it changes course northwest towards Drummondville, and finally empties into the Saint Lawrence River near Pierreville. Its total length is 218 km.

Lake Aylmer
Lake Aylmer (French: Lac Aylmer) is a lake located on the border of the Chaudière-Appalaches and Estrie regions of Quebec, Canada. It is shared by the Regional County Municipalities (RCM) of Les Appalaches, Le Granit and Le Haut-Saint-François.
Castle Craig Hospital
Castle Craig is a private residential drug and alcohol rehabilitation centre. It is located in Peeblesshire, Scotland. Castle Craig is an 18th-century country house set in 50 acres (20 ha) of private parkland near the village of Blyth Bridge, around 20 miles (32 km) south of Edinburgh. Castle Craig is a category B listed building.

Blyth Bridge
Blyth Bridge is a small hamlet in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland, near to West Linton. The name stems from a bridge over the Tarth Water.

It is located in a bend on the A701 which goes from Moffat to Edinburgh, close to the junction with the East-West road the A72 which goes to Peebles.

Places nearby include the Lyne Water, Carlops, Romannobridge, and the Deepsyke Forest.

There is an aqueduct carrying a large water main which supplies Edinburgh and passes over Tarth Water.

There are a number of iron age forts on the hills nearby, and the historic Drochil Castle is a short distance away.
2025 SciAps 300
The 2025 SciAps 300 was the 9th stock car race of the 2025 NASCAR Xfinity Series, and the first iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, April 12, 2025, at Bristol Motor Speedway in Bristol, Tennessee, a 0.533 miles (0.858 km) permanent oval shaped racetrack. The race took the scheduled 300 laps to complete.

Kyle Larson, driving for Hendrick Motorsports, would put on a trailblazing performance, winning the pole, the second stage, and led a race-high 277 laps to earn his 16th career NASCAR Xfinity Series win, and his second of the season. To fill out the podium, Carson Kvapil and Justin Allgaier, both driving for JR Motorsports, would finish 2nd and 3rd, respectively.

This was also the third race of the Dash 4 Cash. Drivers eligible for the D4C were Austin Hill, Sheldon Creed, Justin Allgaier, and Brennan Poole, since they were the highest finishing Xfinity regulars following the race at Martinsville. Allgaier finished in third and claimed the $100K bonus cash.

Austin Hill
Austin Edward Hill (born April 21, 1994) is an American racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series, driving the No. 21 Chevrolet Camaro SS for Richard Childress Racing. Hill previously owned NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series and ARCA Menards Series team Austin Hill Racing from 2013 to 2017.
Salad Ali Jelle
Salad Ali Jelle (Somali: Salaad Cali Jeelle) is the Deputy Minister of Defense of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of the Republic of Somalia. He was a political figure in the War in Somalia (2006–2009) fought between the TFG and its ally Ethiopia against the Islamic Courts Union (ICU).

On January 5, 2007, after the victory over the ICU and the Fall of Mogadishu, Prime Minister Ali Mohammed Ghedi, accompanied by Salad Ali Jelle, held a review of the former troops of the government who took part in the campaign to retake the capital. Their speeches relayed the urgency of Disarmament in Somalia (see Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration).

Somali Republic
The Somali Republic (Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Soomaalida; Italian: Repubblica Somala; Arabic: جمهورية الصومال  aṣ-Ṣūmāl) was formed by the union of the Italian territory of Somaliland (formerly Italian Somaliland) and the State of Somaliland (formerly British Somaliland). A government was formed by Abdullahi Issa Mohamud and Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal and other members of the trusteeship and protectorate administrations, with Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf as President of the Somali National Assembly and Aden Abdullah Osman Daar as President of the Somali Republic.  On 22 July 1960, Daar appointed Abdirashid Ali Shermarke as prime minister. On 20 July 1961 and through a popular referendum, Somalia ratified a new constitution, which was first drafted in 1960. The new constitution was rejected by Somaliland.

The administration lasted until 1969, when the Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC) seized power in a bloodless coup and renamed the country the Somali Democratic Republic.
Database and Collections of Information Misappropriation Act
The Database and Collections of Information Misappropriation Act, H.R. 3261, was a proposed bill in the United States House of Representatives during the 108th United States Congress. It would have altered copyright law to permit assertion of copyright ownership over factual data.

Proponents argued that the bill was based on the 1996 EU Database Directive, and was designed to encourage database creators by ensuring their revenue advantage. Opponents, who included Google and Verizon argued that it would restrict access to and use of facts.

In March 2004, the House Energy and Commerce Committee unfavorably reported H.R. 3261. The committee approved a competing, less comprehensive bill, the Consumer Access to Information Act H.R. 3872, which dealt only with "time sensitive" information, and would have instructed the Federal Trade Commission to take action against unfair trade practices.

Database Directive
The Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases is a directive of the European Union in the field of copyright law, made under the internal market provisions of the Treaty of Rome. It harmonises the treatment of databases under copyright law and the
sui generis right for the creators of databases which do not qualify for copyright.

As of 2022 the directive is being reviewed as part of a proposed Data Act. Public submissions closed on 25 June 2021, and a proposal for new harmonised rules on data was published on 23 February 2022.
Greater Tamil Nadu
Greater Tamil Nadu is a nationalist and reunification concept of Tamil nationalism that centers on forming a national homeland for the Tamils by merging the Tamil speaking areas of India proper (the "mainland") and Sri Lanka (the "island"). However such areas also include not only Tamils but also many other ethnic groups like Malayalis, Kannadigas, Telugus and Sinhalese. Greater Tamil Nadu was proposed by various Tamil groups such as Naam Tamilar led by S. P. Adithanar in 1958 and the Tamil Nadu Liberation Front (TNLF) and the Tamil National Retrieval Troops (TNRT) in the late-1980s.

First Unification of all Tamil speaking land under single rule was under emperor Raja raja chola and again unified during the rule of emperor Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan I and lasted till emperor Maravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I

Tamil National Retrieval Troops
Tamil Nadu National Retrieval Troops (TNNRT) was a short lived Tamil nationalist militant group who had fought to gain independence from India in the 1980s.  The group wanted to unite a greater Tamil Nadu nation for their people. Tamil Nadu National Retrieval Troops fought the majority of their conflicts in the 1990s. This organization was considered to be part of a larger nationalist Tamil Nadu movement. However, the Tamil Nadu Retrieval Troops were never that large; their membership often hovered around 30. The young men fighting in the Tamil National Retrieval Troops were mostly from the Vanniyar community. The Tamil Nadu National Retrieval Troops are also known as Tamil Nadu Nadu Retrieval Troops* - this is not another branch but rather another name used by the group.
Lzip
lzip is a free, command-line tool for the compression of data; it employs the Lempel–Ziv–Markov chain algorithm (LZMA) with a user interface that is familiar to users of usual Unix compression tools, such as gzip and bzip2.

Like gzip and bzip2, concatenation is supported to compress multiple files, but the convention is to bundle a file that is an archive itself, such as those created by the tar or cpio Unix programs. Lzip can split the output for the creation of multivolume archives.

The file that is produced by lzip is usually given .lz as its filename extension, and the data is described by the media type application/lzip.

The lzip suite of programs was written in C++ and C by Antonio Diaz Diaz and is being distributed as free software under the terms of version 2 or later of the GNU General Public License (GPL).

Mingw-w64
Mingw-w64 is a free and open-source suite of development tools that generate Portable Executable (PE) binaries for Microsoft Windows. It was forked in 2005–2010 from MinGW (Minimalist GNU for Windows).

Mingw-w64 includes a build of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) targeting the MinGW-w64 platform, GNU Binutils for Windows (assembler, linker, archive manager), a set of freely distributable Windows specific header files and static import libraries for the Windows API, a Windows-native version of the GNU Project's GNU Debugger, and miscellaneous utilities.

Mingw-w64 can be run natively on Microsoft Windows, cross-hosted on Linux (or other Unix), or "cross-native" on MSYS2 or Cygwin. Mingw-w64 can generate 32-bit and 64-bit executables for x86 under the target names i686-w64-mingw32 and x86_64-w64-mingw32.
The House of the Lost on the Cape
The House of the Lost on the Cape (Japanese: 岬のマヨイガ, Hepburn: Misaki no Mayoiga) is a Japanese novel written by Sachiko Kashiwaba. It was initially serialized in the Iwate Nippo daily newspaper from May 10, 2014, to July 4, 2015. Kodansha later published the novel in print with cover art by Yukiko Saito on September 11, 2015. An anime film adaptation by David Production premiered in Japan on August 27, 2021. The anime is part of the "Zutto Ōen Project 2011 + 10...", marking the 10th anniversary of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.

The English translation of the book was published by Restless Books in September 2023 and translated by award-winning translator Avery Fischer Udagawa. On the depiction of tragedy and hope within the story, Udagawa says, "I believe young people can all benefit from these portraits of hanging on when hope is in extremely short supply."

Restless Books
Restless Books is an independent, non-profit publisher located in Amherst, Massachusetts.  It was founded in 2013 and was based in Brooklyn, New York until 2023. Restless publishes "international works of fiction, journalism, memoirs, travel writing, and illustrated books." The press published 15-20 titles a year, including authors Ruth Ozeki, Lana Bastašić, Yishai Sarid, Andrea Chapela, Tash Aw, Chris Abani, Gabriela Wiener, and Giacomo Sartori. It includes the Yonder imprint for younger readers.