hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pennsylvania Route 326
Pennsylvania Route 326 (PA 326) is a 24-mile-long (39 km) state highway located in Bedford County, Pennsylvania.  The southern terminus is at the Maryland state line near Flintstone, Maryland. The northern terminus is at U.S. Route 30 (US 30) east of Bedford.

Flintstone, Maryland
Flintstone is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Allegany County, Maryland, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 177. It is part of the Cumberland, MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Flintstone lies between the southern foot of Tussey Mountain and a water gap in Warrior Mountain formed by Flintstone Creek, a tributary of Town Creek, which flows south to the Potomac River. Flintstone is located just 1 mile (1.6 km) south of the Mason–Dixon line, the Maryland/Pennsylvania border. Rocky Gap State Park and Green Ridge State Forest are both in the Flintstone zip code. The Breakneck Road Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It is roughly halfway between Washington DC and Pittsburgh.

Flintstone in the 1860s
Deborah Fouts
Deborah Fouts was the co-director of  the Chimpanzee and Human Communication Institute (CHCI). CHCI was the home of Washoe, the first non-human to acquire a human language, and three other chimpanzees who use the signs of American Sign Language to communicate with each other and their human caregivers. She is an Adjunct Assistant Professor of Psychology (Research) at Central Washington University in Ellensburg, Washington. She is married to former co-director, now retired Roger Fouts.

Ellensburg, Washington
Ellensburg is a city in and the county seat of Kittitas County, Washington, United States. It is located just east of the Cascade Range near the junction of Interstate 90 and Interstate 82. The population was 18,666 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 20,996 in 2024.

The city is located along the Yakima River in the Kittitas Valley, an agricultural region that extends east towards the Columbia River. The valley is a major producer of timothy hay, which is processed and shipped internationally. Ellensburg is also the home of Central Washington University (CWU).

Ellensburg, originally named Ellensburgh for the wife of town founder John Alden Shoudy, was founded in 1871 and grew rapidly in the 1880s following the arrival of the Northern Pacific Railway. The city was once a leading candidate to become the state capital of Washington, but its campaign was scuppered by a major fire in 1889.
Omkar Verma
Omkar Verma (born 23 October 1991) is an Indian cricketer. He made his List A debut for Chhattisgarh in the 2016–17 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 3 March 2017. He made his first-class debut for Chhattisgarh in the 2018–19 Ranji Trophy on 1 November 2018.

2018–19 Ranji Trophy
The 2018–19 Ranji Trophy was the 85th season of the Ranji Trophy, the premier first-class cricket tournament that took place in India between November 2018 and February 2019. Vidarbha were the defending champions. The final took place between Vidarbha and Saurashtra, starting on 3 February 2019. Vidarbha defeated Saurashtra by 78 runs in the final, to become the sixth team in the tournament's history to retain their title.
Sportscaster U.
Sportscaster U. is a broadcasting training camp held by National Basketball Players Association (NBPA) in association with the S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications at Syracuse University. The main goal of the camp is to help transition former or current National Basketball Association (NBA) athletes to broadcasting jobs through seminars, presentations and experience in front of television cameras.

Sportscaster U. started in 2008 and is headed by Syracuse University professor and Syracuse Orange color commentator Matt Park. During the four day long camp, players go through components such as, appearing on multiple television and radio segments, learning about and leading the production meetings, understanding the business side of the industry, and hearing from guest speakers.

Newhouse School of Public Communications
The Newhouse School of Public Communications (formally S. I. Newhouse School of Public Communications; also as the Newhouse School) is the communications and journalism school of Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York. The school was named after publishing magnate Samuel Irving Newhouse Sr., founder of Advance Publications, who provided the founding gift in 1964.

The school enrolls approximately 2,000 undergraduate students, 180 residential master’s degree students, 200 online master's degree students, and 15 doctoral degree candidates as of 2022. Undergraduate admissions are highly selective. The school has about 80 full-time faculty members and about 50 adjunct instructors. Mark J. Lodato has been the dean of the Newhouse School since July 2020.
ISO 3166-2:ER
ISO 3166-2:ER is the entry for Eritrea in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Eritrea, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for six regions.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is ER, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Eritrea. The second part is two letters.

Standardization
Standardization (American English) or standardisation (British English) is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments. Standardization can help maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, efficiency, and quality. It can also facilitate a normalization of formerly custom processes.

In social sciences, including economics, the idea of standardization is close to the solution for a coordination problem, a situation in which all parties can realize mutual gains, but only by making mutually consistent decisions. Divergent national standards impose costs on consumers and can be a form of non-tariff trade barrier.
Alice Schiavoni Bosio
Alice Schiavoni Bosio (12 March 1871 – 24 January 1931) was an Italian suffragette. She served as the director of the journal Attività Femminile Sociale from its founding in 1913 through 1916. Affiliated with the Consiglio Nazionale delle Donne Italiane (National Council of Italian Women, CNDI), a member of the International Council of Women, Schiavoni was one of the participants in both the Women at the Hague Conference of 1915 and the Inter-Allied Women's Conference of 1919.

International Council of Women
The International Council of Women (ICW) is a women's organization working across national boundaries for the common cause of advocating human rights for women. In March and April 1888, women leaders came together in Washington D.C., with 80 speakers and 49 delegates representing 53 women's organizations from 9 countries: Canada, the United States, Ireland, India, United Kingdom, Finland, Denmark, France and Norway.  Women from professional organizations, trade unions, arts groups and benevolent societies participate. National councils are affiliated to the ICW and thus make themselves heard at the international level.  The ICW enjoys consultative status with the United Nations and its Permanent Representatives to ECOSOC, ILO, FAO, WHO, UNDP, UNEP, UNESCO, UNICEF, UNCTAD, and UNIDO.
Redslob
Redslob is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Robert Redslob (1882–1962), German-French constitutional and public international law-scientist

Edwin Redslob (1884–1973), German art historian, publisher and university scholar

Edwin Redslob
Edwin Redslob (22 September 1884, Weimar – 24 January 1973, West Berlin) was a German art historian and art collector who served as Reichskunstwart under the Weimar Republic.: 86  Appointed in 1920, he held the position until it was abolished after the Nazis came to power in 1933.

In 1912, he was appointed to run the Angermuseum in Erfurt where he remained until 1919.

He was an art collector.

In 1945, he co-founded the Berlin daily newspaper Der Tagesspiegel, and then in 1948, he was one of the co-initiators in the founding of the Freie Universität Berlin. He was a professor at the university teaching Art History from 1948 to 1954. He was also rector from 1949 to 1950.
Drink carrier
A drink carrier, sometimes also known as a cup carrier, beverage carrier or cup holder is a device used to carry multiple filled beverage cups at the same time.

There are many different designs for drink carriers, but they commonly include relatively deep indentations, holes, or compartments into which the cups are placed. This keeps the drinks from falling over during transport, and distinguishes drink carriers from cafeteria trays, though both may be used to carry both drinks and food.

Drink carriers may be made from paperboard, molded pulp, plastic or other materials.

Drink
A drink or beverage is a liquid intended for human consumption. In addition to their basic function of satisfying thirst, drinks play important roles in human culture. Common types of drinks include plain drinking water, milk, juice, smoothies and soft drinks. Traditionally warm beverages encompass coffee, tea, and hot chocolate. Caffeinated drinks that contain the stimulant caffeine, have been consumed for centuries.

In addition, alcoholic drinks such as wine, beer, and liquor, which contain the psychoactive substance ethanol, have been part of human culture for more than 8,000 years. Non-alcoholic drinks typically refer to beverages that are traditionally alcoholic—such as beer, wine, or cocktails—but are produced with a very low alcohol by volume content. This category includes beverages that have undergone processes to remove or significantly reduce alcohol, such as non-alcoholic beers and de-alcoholized wines.
Through Darkest Europe
Through Darkest Europe (previously announced as God Wills It) is an alternate history novel by Harry Turtledove. The book is set in an alternate present in which Islamic countries form a prosperous, democratic and progressive First World, while underdeveloped Christian countries suffer from religious fanaticism.

First World
The concept of the First World was originally one of the "Three Worlds" formed by the global political landscape of the Cold War, as it grouped together those countries that were aligned with the Western Bloc of the United States. This grouping was directly opposed to the Second World, which similarly grouped together those countries that were aligned with the Eastern Bloc of the Soviet Union.

However, after the Cold War ended with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the definition largely shifted to instead refer to any politically stable liberal democratic country with strong rule of law, a stable capitalist economy, and a relatively high standard of living. Various ways in which these metrics are assessed are through the examination of a country's GDP, GNP, literacy rate, life expectancy, and Human Development Index. In colloquial usage, "First World" typically refers to "the highly developed industrialized nations often considered the Westernized countries of the world".
Moralium dogma philosophorum
Moralium dogma philosophorum ("Teaching of the philosophers on moral questions") is a Latin work of the 12th century. Its authorship is uncertain: it has been attributed to William of Conches, to Walter of Châtillon and (less likely) to Alan of Lille. Parallels exist between this work, the anonymous Ysagoge in theologiam (written between 1141 and 1157), and the text De virtutibus et vitiis by Alan of Lille (written between 1155 and 1165).

The attribution to William of Conches was proposed in 1890 by Bernard Hauréau. It was widely accepted until 1931 when John R. Williams proposed it was written by Walter of Châtillon. In 1948 P. Glorieux advanced the idea that Alan of Lille was the author.

William of Conches
William of Conches (Latin: Gulielmus de Conchis; French: Guillaume de Conches; c. 1090 – c. 1154), historically sometimes anglicized as William Shelley, was a medieval Norman-French scholastic philosopher who sought to expand the bounds of Christian humanism by studying secular works of classical literature and fostering empirical science. He was a prominent Chartrain (member of the School of Chartres). John of Salisbury, a bishop of Chartres and former student of William's, refers to William as the most talented grammarian of the time, after his former teacher Bernard of Chartres.
Rachel Davidson
Rachel A. Davidson is an American civil engineer and professor in the Disaster Research Center at the University of Delaware.
She is known for her research on natural disaster risk modeling, disaster risk management and civil infrastructure systems. She is a winner of the Dorothy Swanson Excellence in Teaching Award and a nominee for the Walter L. Huber Civil Engineering Research Prize.
She was the president of Society for Risk Analysis (2010-2011).

Walter L. Huber Civil Engineering Research Prize
The Huber Civil Engineering Research Prize (Huber Award) is the highest level mid-career research award in all areas of civil engineering within United States. The award is annually given to individuals with notable achievements and contributions in research with respect to all disciplines of civil engineering. This award was first established by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) board of direction in 1946 and was given for the first time in 1949.
Rocky Mount Phillies
The Rocky Mount Phillies were a baseball team, a Class-A affiliate of the Philadelphia Phillies from 1973 through 1975. They played in the Carolina League and won the league championship in 1975. The Rocky Mount Phillies replaced the Rocky Mount Leafs, which had been affiliated with the Detroit Tigers from 1965 through 1972. The club played at Rocky Mount Municipal Stadium in Rocky Mount, North Carolina.

Carolina League
The Carolina League is a Minor League Baseball league which has operated along the Atlantic Coast of the United States since 1945. Having been classified at various levels throughout its existence,: 23  it operated at Class A-Advanced from 1990 until its demotion to Single-A following Major League Baseball's 2021 reorganization of the minor leagues. The league temporarily operated for the 2021 season as the Low-A East before reassuming its original moniker in 2022.

The organization that later became the Carolina League formed in 1945, just as World War II was ending, and consisted of eight teams,  six from North Carolina and two from southern Virginia. This later grew to as many as 12 teams at times.
Alfred Holt (cricketer)
Alfred Holt (2 March 1863 – 3 February 1942) was an English first-class cricketer.

Holt was born at the City of London. He made his debut in first-class cricket for the Gentlemen of England against Oxford University at Oxford in 1881. He made a second appearance in first-class cricket in 1883 for the Marylebone Cricket Club against Kent at Lord's. He scored 39 runs across his two matches, with a high score of 31. He died at Battersea in February 1942.

Battersea
Battersea is a large district in southwest London, part of the London Borough of Wandsworth, England. It is centred 3.5 miles (5.6 km) southwest of Charing Cross and also extends along the south bank of the Thames Tideway. It includes the 200-acre (0.81 km2) Battersea Park.
2016 Catalonia International Trophy
The 2016 Catalonia International Trophy is the 6th edition of the Catalonia International Trophy, pitted Catalonia against Tunisia on 28 December 2016 at the Estadi Montilivi in Girona, Catalonia, Spain. Tunisia won the title after winning on penalties.

Estadi Montilivi
Estadi Montilivi is a multi-use stadium in Girona, Catalonia, Spain. It is used mostly for football matches and serves as the home ground of Girona FC. It was built and opened in 1970. Montilivi has a capacity of 14,624.
Mackenzie Richmond Hill Hospital
Mackenzie Richmond Hill Hospital (formerly York Central Hospital) is a hospital in Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada and one of four in York Regional Municipality. Mackenzie Health in Richmond Hill is part of the Local Health Integration Network (LHIN) Hospital Partnerships.

Local Health Integration Networks
Local Health Integration Networks (LHINs) were the health authorities responsible for regional administration of public healthcare services in the Canadian province of Ontario. Legacy LHIN functions were transferred to the new Ontario Health and the LHIN business name was changed to Home and Community Care Support Services.

Created on April 1, 2007, the 14 LHINs were mandated with planning, integrating and distributing provincial funding for all public healthcare services at a regional level.  LHINs were locally based associations of the various health service providers, intended to generate enhanced community engagement.
Caspar Stephansen
Caspar Stephansen (23 July 1923 – 11 April 1996) was a Norwegian civil servant.

He was born in Kragerø. During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany he fled to Sweden and took part in the exiled police corps Rikspolitikorpset. He studied law between 1945 and 1950, when he graduated with the cand.jur. degree. He was hired in the Directorate of Rationalisation, then in the Ministry of Defence in 1952. He was an assisting counsellor at the Norwegian NATO delegation in Paris from 1959 to 1962, took the NATO Defence College in 1965 and was a counsellor in the NATO delegation in Brussels from 1970 to 1972. In 1972 he was promoted from assistant secretary to deputy under-secretary of state in the Ministry of Defence. From 1974 to 1989 he was the permanent under-secretary of state, the highest-ranking bureaucratic position. From 1989 to his retirement in 1993 he was a special adviser.

He died in 1996.

Statskonsult
Statskonsult AS is a defunct Norwegian government-owned company that provided management consulting services related to government restructuring and reform. It was created in 1947 as the Rationalisation Office (Norwegian: Rasjonaliseringskontoret), later the Directorate of Rationalisation. The name Statskonsult was taken into use in 1987. It was converted to a limited company on January 1, 2004, owned by the Norwegian Ministry of Government Administration and Reform with the intention of competing with other consulting companies within three years, but the change of government after the 2005 elections changed the plans. It merged with Norge.no and the Norwegian eProcurement Secretariat on July 1, 2007, to form the Agency for Public Management and eGovernment.

Statskonsult has worked in Macedonia since 2004. The aim of Statskonsult's projects in Macedonia is to strengthen the administration's ability to adapt to future EU membership.
Elliptic complex
In mathematics, in particular in partial differential equations and differential geometry, an elliptic complex generalizes the notion of an elliptic operator to sequences.  Elliptic complexes isolate those features common to the de Rham complex and the Dolbeault complex which are essential for performing Hodge theory.  They also arise in connection with the Atiyah-Singer index theorem and Atiyah-Bott fixed point theorem.

Dolbeault cohomology
In mathematics, in particular in algebraic geometry and differential geometry, Dolbeault cohomology (named after Pierre Dolbeault) is an analog of de Rham cohomology for complex manifolds.  Let M be a complex manifold.  Then the Dolbeault cohomology groups  depend on a pair of integers p and q and are realized as a subquotient of the space of complex differential forms of degree (p,q).
WOMI
WOMI (1490 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a news-talk format.  Licensed to Owensboro, Kentucky, United States, the station serves the Owensboro area.  The station is owned by Townsquare Media and features programming from Fox News Radio, NBC News Radio, Compass Media Networks, Genesis Communications Network, Premiere Networks, USA Radio Network, and Westwood One.

Genesis Communications Network
The Genesis Communications Network, often referred to as GCN, was a radio network that operated from 1998 to 2024, owned by Ted Anderson. The network, at its peak, produced 45 shows, distributed on more than 780 radio stations nationwide. The network was known for talk programming; Alex Jones was its most prominent syndicated personality.
Original Sin – The Collection
Original Sin – The Collection is a compilation album by Australian rock band INXS released on 21 September 2004. It spans their earliest six studio albums INXS (1980), Underneath the Colours (1981), Shabooh Shoobah (1982), The Swing (1984), Listen Like Thieves (1985) and Kick (1987). It is not to be confused with their 2010 release, Original Sin, nor the single of the same name from 1984.

INXS (album)
INXS is the debut studio album by Australian rock band INXS, released on 13 October 1980, by Deluxe Records. The album showcases a new wave and ska style the band soon abandoned in favor of post-punk, and later, pop rock. INXS recorded the album in midnight to dawn sessions during 1979 to 1980 after performing, on average, two gigs a day at local pubs around Sydney. All tracks are credited to band members, who co-produced the album with Duncan McGuire (ex-Ayers Rock).

The album was exclusive to Australia and New Zealand for four years, with an international release not coming until 1984. INXS peaked at No. 27 on the Kent Music Report albums chart, and spawned the single, "Just Keep Walking" (September 1980), which became their first top 40 hit in the country.
Ondō Bridge
34°11′42″N 132°32′14″E﻿ / ﻿34.194917°N 132.537361°E﻿ / 34.194917; 132.537361

Ondō Bridge (音戸大橋, Ondō Ōhashi) also known as Ondoo Bridge and Ondo Bridge is a red road bridge that connects the mainland of Kure City, Hiroshima, with Kurahashi Island (formerly Ondo Town, Aki District).

Kurahashi, Hiroshima
Kurahashi (倉橋町, Kurahashi-chō) was a town located in Aki District, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. It was located on the Kurahashi-jima island and surrounding islets in Hiroshima Bay.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 7,193 and a density of 132.13 persons per km2. The total area was 54.44 km2.

On March 20, 2005, Kurahashi, along with the towns of Ondo and Kamagari (all from Aki District), and the towns of Yasuura, Toyohama and Yutaka (all from Toyota District), was merged into the expanded city of Kure and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
Crib talk
Crib talk or crib speech is pre-sleep monologue made by young children while in bed. This starts somewhere around one-and-a-half years and usually ends by about two-and-a-half years of age, though children can continue longer. It consists of conversational discourse with turn-taking often containing semantically and syntactically coherent question-answer sequences. It may contain word play and bits of song and nursery rhyme.

Crib talk has been found in deaf children in their early sign language. It also occurs in autistic children.

Conversation
Conversation is interactive communication between two or more people. The development of conversational skills and etiquette is an important part of socialization. The development of conversational skills in a new language is a frequent focus of language teaching and learning. Conversation analysis is a branch of sociology which studies the structure and organization of human interaction, with a more specific focus on conversational interaction.