hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bilozerka culture
The Bilozerka culture (Ukrainian: Білозерська культура) or Belozerka culture (Russian: Белозерская культура) was a Late Bronze Age archaeological culture of the later (12th–10th centuries BCE) which replaced the Srubnaya culture on the steppes of Ukraine and Moldova. It is named after the Bilozerka river eastuary in southern Ukraine. There are also finds near the lower Don and in Kuban and Crimea. It was identified as an independent archaeological culture in the 1980s.

Archaeological culture
An archaeological culture is a recurring assemblage of types of artifacts, buildings and monuments from a specific period and region that may constitute the material culture remains of a particular past human society. The connection between these types is an empirical observation. Their interpretation in terms of ethnic or political groups is based on archaeologists' understanding. However, this is often subject to long-unresolved debates. The concept of the archaeological culture is fundamental to culture-historical archaeology.
Priscilla Isaacs
Priscilla Serina Johanna Isaacs is a South African politician serving as a Member of the Northern Cape Provincial Legislature for the Democratic Alliance (DA). She took office as a Member on 22 May 2019. Isaacs was a PR councillor of the Dawid Kruiper Local Municipality, prior to her election to the provincial legislature.

In 2020, Isaacs declared her candidacy for DA deputy provincial chairperson. The provincial congress was held on 5 December 2020, and she was elected.

Northern Cape Provincial Legislature
The Northern Cape Provincial Legislature is the legislature of the Northern Cape province of South Africa. It is a unicameral body of 30 members elected every five years. The current legislature was elected on 29 May 2024 with the African National Congress getting the most seats (15 members). It is situated in Kimberley, in a newly built complex to the west of the city centre on the edge of Galeshewe.

The Northern Cape Provincial Legislature, like the eight other provincial legislatures in South Africa, was created on 27 April 1994 by the Interim Constitution of South Africa, which dissolved the four original provinces (and their provincial councils) and created the nine current provinces. It is currently constituted in terms of Chapter Six of the Constitution of South Africa, which defines the structure of the provincial governments.
2,2'-Biphenylene phosphorochloridite
2,2′-Biphenylene phosphorochloridite is the name for a polycyclic organophosphorus compound with the formula C12H8O2PCl.  It is a precursor to diphosphite ligands such as BiPhePhos by reaction with suitable diols.  2,2′-Biphenylene phosphorochloridites, which is a white solid, is prepared from 2,2′-biphenol and phosphorus trichloride. It is prepared by the reaction of 2,2′-biphenol and phosphorus trichloride.

Diol
A diol is a chemical compound containing two hydroxyl groups (−OH groups).  An aliphatic diol may also be called a glycol. This pairing of functional groups is pervasive, and many subcategories have been identified. They are used as protecting groups of carbonyl groups, making them essential in synthesis of organic chemistry.

The most common industrial diol is ethylene glycol. Examples of diols in which the hydroxyl functional groups are more widely separated include 1,4-butanediol HO−(CH2)4−OH and propylene-1,3-diol, or beta propylene glycol, HO−CH2−CH2−CH2−OH.
August Gremli
August Gremli (15 March 1833 – 30 March 1899) was a Swiss physician and botanist born in Kreuzlingen.

He studied medicine in Berlin and Munich, and afterwards, trained as a pharmacist in Karlsruhe. From 1876, he worked as a curator in the herbarium of botanist Émile Burnat (1828–1920) in Nant, located near the town of Vevey. He died in Kreuzlingen on March 30, 1899.

Gremli published several works on Swiss flora, including Excursionsflora für die Schweiz (1867), a book that was later translated into English. In addition, he collaborated with Burnat on a number of essays involving flora from the Maritime Alps.

Flora of the Alps
The Alps are one of the great mountain range systems of Europe stretching approximately 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) across eight Alpine countries from Austria and Slovenia in the east, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Germany, France to the west and Italy and Monaco to the south.
The flora of the Alps are diverse. In the mountains, the vegetation gradually changes with altitude, sun exposure, and location on the mountain. There are five successive life zones, each with distinct landscapes and vegetation characteristics: premontane, montane, subalpine, alpine, and alvar.
Brad Smiley
Brad Smiley (born June 19, 1973) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach at Southern Arkansas University, a position he has held since 2022. He served as the head football coach at Trinity Valley Community College from 2007 to 2017. He also coached for Baylor, Northwestern State, and Tulane.

Tulane Green Wave football
The Tulane Green Wave football team represents Tulane University in the sport of American football. The Green Wave compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as a member of the American Athletic Conference (The American). The football team is currently coached by Will Hall, the team plays its home games in Yulman Stadium on its campus in Uptown New Orleans.
Tilly van der Zwaard
Tilly van der Zwaard (18 January 1938 – 6 February 2019) was a middle distance runner from the Netherlands. At the 1962 European Athletics Championships in Belgrade she won a bronze medal in the 400 m event, behind Maria Itkina of the Soviet Union and Joy Grieveson of Great Britain.

Van der Zwaard twice represented her native country in the 400 m event at the Summer Olympics, in 1964 and 1968. Her best achievement was sixth place in 1964.

She was born Mathilda Catrina van der Zwaard in Leiden, Netherlands. On 25 November 1964 she married Ger van der Made and changed her name to van der Made-van der Zwaard. After their divorce, she dropped van der Made from her name. She moved to the United States after retiring from athletics and died February 2019 in Edgewater, Florida.

Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics
At the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, the athletics competition included 36 events, 24 for men and 12 for women.  The women's 400 metres and women's pentathlon events were newly introduced at these Games. There were a total number of 1016 participating athletes from 82 countries.
Martin Wright (cricketer, born 1934)
Thomas Martin Wright (born 16 October 1934) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm fast bowler who played for Norfolk. He was born in Wombwell, Yorkshire.

Wright made a single List A appearance, in the Gillette Cup competition of 1965. From the tailend, he scored 1 not out, though this was not enough to save the team from a heavy defeat against Hampshire.

Wright continued to represent Norfolk in the Minor Counties Championship until the end of the 1965 season.

Norfolk County Cricket Club
Norfolk County Cricket Club is one of twenty National County Cricket Clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Norfolk.

The club is a member of the National Counties Championship Eastern Division and plays in the NCCA Championship, the NCCA Knockout Trophy and, since 2018, in the NCCA Twenty20 competition. Norfolk took part in limited overs competitions which included first-class counties between 1965 and 2004. The club's main home venue is Barker's Lane in Sprowston, on the northern edge of Norwich, although it has used other locations throughout the county.
Alexandre Louis Jousselin
Alexandre Louis Jousselin (1782–1867) was a French engineer. He was the chief engineer for the Seine-et-Marne region and he built a bridge over the River Seine at Paris. Some called Alexander Jousselin Scared, to differentiate him from Louis Didier, whom they nicknamed, Jousselin Scary. Jousselin's younger brother, Louis Didier Jousselin, was also a qualified (and more famous) engineer.

Seine-et-Marne
Seine-et-Marne (French pronunciation: [sɛn e maʁn] ⓘ; lit. 'Seine and Marne') is a department in the Île-de-France region in Northern France. Named after the rivers Seine and Marne, it is the region's largest department with an area of 5,915 square kilometres (2,284 square miles); it roughly covers its eastern half. In 2019, it had a population of 1,421,197. Its prefecture is Melun, although both Meaux and Chelles have larger populations.
Transverse mass
The transverse mass is a useful quantity to define for use in particle physics as it is invariant under Lorentz boost along the z direction.  In natural units, it is:

where the z-direction is along the beam pipe and so

and  are the momentum perpendicular to the beam pipe and

is the (invariant) mass.

This definition of the transverse mass is used in conjunction with the definition of the (directed) transverse energy

with the transverse momentum vector . It is easy to see that for vanishing mass () the three quantities are the same: .
The transverse mass is used together with the rapidity, transverse momentum and polar angle in the parameterization of the four-momentum of a single particle:

Using these definitions (in particular for ) gives for the mass of a two particle system:

Looking at the transverse projection of this system (by setting ) gives:

These are also the definitions that are used by the software package ROOT, which is commonly used in high energy physics.

Four-momentum
In special relativity, four-momentum (also called momentum–energy or momenergy) is the generalization of the classical three-dimensional momentum to four-dimensional spacetime. Momentum is a vector in three dimensions; similarly four-momentum is a four-vector in spacetime.  The contravariant four-momentum of a particle with relativistic energy E and three-momentum p = (px, py, pz) = γmv, where v is the particle's three-velocity and γ the Lorentz factor, is

The quantity mv of above is the ordinary non-relativistic momentum of the particle and m its rest mass. The four-momentum is useful in relativistic calculations because it is a Lorentz covariant vector.  This means that it is easy to keep track of how it transforms under Lorentz transformations.
Las Jilguerillas
Las Jilguerillas was a Mexican ranchera duo that was formed in the mid-1950s by sisters Imelda and María Amparo Higuera.

The municipal president of Numarán considers them icons of ranchera music, and they have had several successful tours in both Mexico and the United States. They have also appeared in several Mexican films.

Ranchera
Ranchera (pronounced [ranˈtʃeɾa]) or canción ranchera is a genre of traditional music of Mexico. It dates to before the years of the Mexican Revolution. Rancheras today are played in the vast majority of regional Mexican music styles. Drawing on rural traditional folk music, the ranchera developed as a symbol of a new national consciousness in reaction to the aristocratic tastes of the period.
Menatalligator
Menatalligator is an extinct monospecific genus of alligatorid crocodilian. Fossils have been found that are Eocene in age from a locality in the commune of Menat in the Puy-de-Dôme department of France. The type and only species, named in 1937, is M. bergouniouxi.

The strata from which remains of Menatalligator have been found are part of the Chaîne des Puys, a volcanically active chain of mountains in the Massif Central. The deposit is thought to have formed through the deposition of sediments in a body of water that filled a volcanic crater during the early Eocene (Ypresian). Fossil fish such as Amia valenciennense and Thaumaturus have been found from the same strata as Menatalligator, and most likely comprised a portion of its diet. The presence of the early primate-like plesiadapiform Plesiadapis insignis from these strata also make the area important to the study of early mammalian evolution after the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary (K–T boundary).

Chaîne des Puys
The Chaîne des Puys (French: [ʃɛːn de pɥi]; lit. 'Chain of the Puys') is a north-south oriented chain of cinder cones, lava domes, and maars in the Massif Central of France. The chain is about 40 km (25 mi) long, and the identified volcanic features, which constitute a volcanic field, include 48 cinder cones, eight lava domes, and 15 maars and explosion craters. Its highest point is the lava dome of Puy de Dôme, located near the middle of the chain, which is 1,465 m (4,806 ft) high. The name of the range comes from a French term, puy, which refers to a volcanic mountain with a rounded profile. A date of 4040 BC is usually given for the last eruption of a Chaîne des Puys volcano.

An outstanding example of plate tectonics in action and continental rifting, the Chaîne des Puys region became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2018.
Tongzhi (term)
Tongzhi is a form of style used in China that took on different meanings in the 20th century depending on context. It was first introduced into vernacular Chinese by Sun Yat-sen as a way of describing his followers. Following the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC), tongzhi used to mean "comrade" in a communist sense: it was used to address almost everyone, male and female, young and old. In recent years, however, this meaning of the term has fallen out of common usage, except within Chinese Communist Party (CCP) discourse and among people of older generations.

In contemporary Taiwan, Macau, and Hong Kong, the term mainly refers to LGBT people instead of the traditional political usage.

Comrade
In political contexts, comrade means a fellow party member. The political use was inspired by the French Revolution, after which it grew into a form of address between socialists and workers. Since the Russian Revolution, popular culture in the West has often associated it with communism.  As such, it can also be used as a reference to leftists, akin to "commie". In particular, the Russian word товарищ (tovarishch) may be used as a reference to communists.

The influence of the term in communism in the 20th century has led to some anarchists preferring the term "companion", a term that has been used in Western Europe since the end of the 19th century.
Jae5
Jonathan Kweku Awote-Mensah (born 27 March 1992), known professionally as Jae5, is a British-Ghanaian record producer and mixing engineer from Plaistow, East London. He is a Grammy Award-winning producer and is signed to Black Butter Records.

Did You See (song)
"Did You See" is a 2017 song by English rapper J Hus from his debut album Common Sense. It was the first top ten single for J Hus in the United Kingdom and has been certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry. An official music video was released to J Hus' Vevo page on YouTube on 2 March 2017.

As of July 2025, the single has moved 2,203,855 units in the United Kingdom, respectively.
Ordeal by Innocence (TV series)
Ordeal by Innocence (titled on-screen as Agatha Christie's Ordeal by Innocence) is a three-part television drama series that was first broadcast in April 2018 on BBC One. It is based on the Agatha Christie novel of the same name and is the third English-language filmed version to be broadcast. The drama stars Morven Christie, Bill Nighy, Anna Chancellor, Alice Eve and Eleanor Tomlinson amongst others.

The show was originally intended to be broadcast as part of the BBC Christmas programming but was held back due to original cast member Ed Westwick being accused of sexual assault. The accusation was denied and no charges were ultimately brought. The actor's scenes were later reshot, with Christian Cooke taking Westwick's place.

The series attracted positive reviews despite some backlash over the changes made to the plot. The direction and styling were afforded particular praise.
The series was released on DVD through Universal Pictures UK on 11 March 2019.

Eleanor Tomlinson
Eleanor May Tomlinson (born 19 May 1992) is an English actress. She has appeared in films including Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging (2008), Jack the Giant Slayer (2013), Colette (2018) and Love Wedding Repeat (2020). She also starred in the BBC One series The White Queen (2013), Poldark (2015–2019), The Outlaws (2021) and War of the Worlds (2019).
On-board toilet
On-board toilets are enclosures equipped with a toilet for the use of human excretion, typically mounted within a vehicle.

The small rooms also often are equipped with at least a sink, liquid soap, and paper towels for hand washing. Except in luxury versions, toilets of this kind are usually small.

The excreta are stored in a holding tank (when chemical toilets or vacuum toilets are used) or, on some ships, piped overboard. They are found in large aircraft, ships including crewed spacecraft, some road vehicles (such as recreational vehicles, coaches) and many passenger train cars.

Passenger train toilet
Many passenger trains (usually medium and long-distance) have toilet facilities, often at the ends of carriages. Toilets suitable for wheelchair users are larger, and hence trains with such facilities may not have toilets in each carriage.
Stewartfield (Mobile, Alabama)
Stewartfield is a historic residence on the campus of Spring Hill College in Mobile, Alabama, United States.  It was built in 1849 in a Greek Revival style. The building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places as a part of the 19th Century Spring Hill Neighborhood Thematic Resource on October 18, 1984.

19th Century Spring Hill Neighborhood Thematic Resource
The 19th Century Spring Hill Neighborhood Thematic Resource is a multiple property submission of buildings that were listed together on the National Register of Historic Places.  It covers eight properties in the Spring Hill neighborhood of Mobile, Alabama, all built during the mid-19th century.

They represent the most intact buildings to survive from the period when Spring Hill was a summer retreat town for wealthy Mobilians seeking to escape the heat and yellow fever epidemics of the city.  Situated upon what was once the western hills outside Mobile, Spring Hill was gradually absorbed by the larger city and little remains today from its period as an independent community.
Limes Mauretaniae
The Limes Mauretaniae was a portion of a 4,000-kilometre (2,500 mi) Roman fortified border (limes) in Africa approximately 100 kilometres (62 mi) south of the modern day Algiers.

Stretching between Auzia (Sour El-Ghozlane, Algeria) and Numerus Syrorum (Maghnia, Algeria), it was a portion of the North African border fortification and security line of the Roman Empire which reached from the Atlantic coast to the Limes Tripolitanus in Tunisia.

Bou Regreg
The Bou Regreg (Arabic: أبو رقراق) is a river located in western Morocco which discharges into the Atlantic Ocean between the cities of Rabat and Salé.  The estuary of this river is termed Wadi Sala.

The river is 240 kilometres long, with a tidal estuary of approximately 24 kilometres extending upriver. Its average discharge is 23 m3/s and can reach 1500 m3/s during periods of flooding. The river originates in the Middle Atlas mountains at an altitude of 1627 meters on the level of Jbel Mtourzgane (province of Khemisset) and of Grou (province of Khénifra) and descends to its mouth at the Atlantic Ocean, separating the cities of Rabat to the south and Salé to the north.
Advanced Indonesia Coalition
The Advanced Indonesia Coalition (Indonesian: Koalisi Indonesia Maju, KIM), formerly the Great Indonesia Awakening Coalition (Indonesian: Koalisi Kebangkitan Indonesia Raya, KKIR), is an official political coalition in Indonesia which was formed through a political agreement between two parties from the Onward Indonesia Coalition, namely the Gerindra Party (Gerindra) and the National Awakening Party (PKB), to nominate Prabowo Subianto, Minister of Defence, as a presidential candidate in 2024 Indonesian presidential election. The coalition currently controls the government.

Later, in August 2023, Golkar and the National Mandate Party (PAN) joined the coalition. In September of that same year, the PKB decided to leave the coalition and join the Coalition of Change for Unity, while remaining part of the government.

Garuda Party
The Change Indonesia Guardian Party (Indonesian: Partai Garda Perubahan Indonesia), better known as the Garuda Party, is a political party in Indonesia that contested the 2019 general election. The party has been linked to the family of former president Suharto. Officials have denied the party is linked to the Suharto family or to former general Prabowo Subianto's Gerindra Party. Garuda declared itself to be neutral in the April 2019 presidential election, although some of its officials and legislative candidates voiced support for Prabowo.
Baeospora
Baeospora is a genus of fungi in the family Cyphellaceae. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are agarics. The genus was circumscribed by mycologist Rolf Singer in 1938. The most recently described species, B. occidentalis, is a snowbank fungus that was discovered in montane coniferous forests of the western USA.

Basidiocarp
In fungi, a basidiocarp, basidiome, or basidioma (pl. basidiomata) is the sporocarp of a basidiomycete, the multicellular structure on which the spore-producing hymenium is borne. Basidiocarps are characteristic of the hymenomycetes; rusts and smuts do not produce such structures. As with other sporocarps, epigeous (above-ground) basidiocarps that are visible to the naked eye (especially those with a more or less agaricoid morphology) are commonly referred to as mushrooms, while hypogeous (underground) basidiocarps are usually called false truffles.
Athletics at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
At the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, the athletics events were held at Independence Park in Kingston, Jamaica. A total of 34 events were contested, of which 23 by male and 11 by female athletes. This was the final athletics competition at the quadrennial games to feature events measured in imperial, rather than metric units. It was also the last edition to allow four athletes from each country in a single event before that number was reduced to three. Eleven Games records were improved over the course of the competition.

Independence Park (Jamaica)
Independence Park is a sports and cultural complex in Kingston, Jamaica built for the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games. It houses a variety of sports facilities. A statue of Bob Marley marks the entrance to the site. The main sports venue at the complex is the National Stadium, a term which is colloquially used to refer to the entire complex.
Adhar Kumar Chatterji
Admiral Adhar Kumar Chatterji (4 March 1914 – 6 August 2001) was an Admiral in the Indian Navy. He served as the 5th Chief of the Naval Staff, from 4 March 1966, until 28 February 1970. He was the first Indian officer of the navy to hold the rank of full Admiral. He is credited with the transformation of the Indian Navy. He made sweeping changes and restructured the navy, creating the Western and Eastern Naval Commands and the Western Fleet. Under him, the Indian Navy also entered the submarine age, with the commissioning of INS Kalvari (S23) in 1967.

INS Kalvari (S23)
INS Kalvari (S23) was the lead vessel of the Kalvari class of diesel-electric submarines of the Indian Navy. It was the first ever submarine inducted into service by the Indian Navy. The submarine was laid down on 27 December 1966 as Foxtrot-class submarine B-51 of the Soviet Navy by Novo-Admiralty at Galerniy Island, Leningrad.