hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mount Dawson (Antarctica)
Mount Dawson (77°46′S 86°21′W﻿ / ﻿77.767°S 86.350°W﻿ / -77.767; -86.350) is a sharp, pyramidal mountain located 4 km (2.5 mi) northwest of Mount Reimer in the north part of the Sentinel Range, Antarctica. It surmounts Vidul Glacier to the east.

The mountain was discovered by the Charles R. Bentley-led Marie Byrd Land Traverse Party, 1957–58, and named after Major Merle R. Dawson (d.1986), USA, leader of the Army-Navy Trail Party which established an oversnow route from Little America V to the site of Byrd Station in November–December 1956; Project Manager for Ship Operations in the Office of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation (NSF), 1965–70.

Little America (exploration base)
Little America was a series of Antarctic exploration bases from 1929 to 1958, located on the Ross Ice Shelf, south of the Bay of Whales. They were built on ice that moves very slowly; the relative location on the ice sheet has moved and eventually breaks off into an iceberg. The geographic location has new ice that has shifted to this location and is technically over the open water.

The coordinates are approximate.
Keith Waples
Keith Gordon Waples (December 8, 1923 – May 7, 2021) was a Canadian Hall of Fame sulky driver and horse trainer in the sport of harness racing. In 1959, Waples became the first driver to record a sub two-minute mile in Canada and the first to win a $100,000 race in Canada.

In 1962, Keith Waples drove Tie Silk to victory in the International Trot at Roosevelt Raceway and in 1972 with the colt Strike Out he won the Little Brown Jug, the Adios Pace and Prix d'Été.

Keith Waples was inducted into Canada's Sports Hall of Fame in 1973  and the Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame in 1978  and the United States Harness Racing Hall of Fame in 1987. In 2008, Waples was an inductee (Athlete category) of the Midland (Ontario) Sports Hall of Fame. Waples died in May 2021, at the age of 97.

Harness racing
Harness racing is a form of horse racing in which the horses race at a specific gait (a trot or a pace). They usually pull a two-wheeled cart called a sulky, spider, or chariot occupied by a driver. In Europe, and less frequently in Australia and New Zealand, races with jockeys riding directly on saddled trotters (trot monté in French) are also conducted.
January 2012 Northern Nigeria attacks
A series of assaults on businesses occurred in northeastern Nigeria on 5 and 6 January 2012, followed by attacks on police stations and government offices in the north on 20 January. Over 180 people were killed.

Yobe State
YobeListenⓘ  is a state located in northeastern Nigeria. A mainly agricultural state, it was created on 27 August 1991. Yobe State was carved out of Borno State. The capital of Yobe State is Damaturu, and its largest city by population is Potiskum, while the largest by land area is Fune. The Potiskum local government area is a place of farmers and marketers; one of the largest cattle market in Africa is located in Potiskum.
Cú Chonnacht Ó Cianáin
Cú Chonnacht Ó Cianáin, d. 1615, was a rymer or chronicler to Rory Maguire.

He was apparently the first man racked in Ireland, the instrument being used most severely upon him during an interrogation into a bungled insurrection in early summer 1615. On 31 July of that year, he and five others were condemned to death in Derry, and he is believed to have been hanged shortly afterwards.

He is also described as a yeoman of Moygh, a place somewhere between Ballymoney and the Bann, County Antrim. He was a brother of Tadhg Og Ó Cianáin.

The surname Ó Cianáin is now generally rendered as Keenan.

Keenan
Keenan is an Irish surname meaning 'ancient, distant' in the Irish language. It is derived from Ó Cianáin 'descendant of Cianán' (a diminutive of Cian). The Ó Cianáin clan were hereditary historians to the Mac Uidhir.
Eyraud-Crempse-Maurens
Eyraud-Crempse-Maurens (French pronunciation: [ɛʁo kʁɛ̃ps moʁɛ̃s]) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. It was established on 1 January 2019 by merger of the former communes of Maurens (the seat), Laveyssière, Saint-Jean-d'Eyraud and Saint-Julien-de-Crempse.

Dordogne
Dordogne (UK: /dɔːrˈdɔɪn/ dor-DOYN, US: /dɔːrˈdoʊn/ dor-DOHN or /dɔːrˈdɔːnjə/ dor-DAWN-yə; French: [dɔʁdɔɲ] ⓘ; Occitan: Dordonha [duɾˈduɲɔ]) is a large rural department in southwest France, with its prefecture in Périgueux. Located in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region roughly half-way between the Loire Valley and the Pyrenees, it is named after the river Dordogne, which runs through it. It corresponds roughly to the ancient county of Périgord. In January 2023, Dordogne had a population of 412,807.
Thamnea thesioides
Thamnea thesioides is a perennial, flowering shrub that is part of the Bruniaceae family. The species is endemic to the Western Cape and occurs in the Ceres District, Michell's Pass and the Mostertshoek Foreland.

Ceres, South Africa
Ceres is the administrative centre and largest town of the Witzenberg Local Municipality in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Ceres serves as a regional centre for the surrounding towns of Wolseley, Tulbagh, Op-die-Berg and Prince Alfred Hamlet. It is situated in the Warmbokkeveld (English: "warm antelope field") Valley about 170 km north-east of Cape Town. Ceres is located at the north-eastern entrance to Michell's Pass and was the old route north between Cape Town and Johannesburg, which was later replaced by the N1 highway, which traverses the Breede River Valley to the south.

Named after the Roman goddess of agriculture, Ceres, a name which is fitting as the valley in which the town is situated is extremely fertile and is a major producer of South Africa's deciduous fruit.
Idrocilamide
Idrocilamide (trade names Talval, Srilane, Relaxnova, Brolitène) is a medication with skeletal muscle relaxant and anti-inflammatory actions used as a topical cream to treat lumbago and other kinds of muscular pain. It is available on prescription or over-the-counter in France and various other countries.

Myalgia
Myalgia or muscle pain is a painful sensation evolving from muscle tissue. It is a symptom of many diseases. The most common cause of acute myalgia is the overuse of a muscle or group of muscles; another likely cause is viral infection, especially when there has been no injury.

Long-lasting myalgia can be caused by metabolic myopathy, some nutritional deficiencies, ME/CFS, fibromyalgia, and amplified musculoskeletal pain syndrome.
Poincaré–Lindstedt method
In perturbation theory, the Poincaré–Lindstedt method or Lindstedt–Poincaré method is a technique for uniformly approximating periodic solutions to ordinary differential equations, when regular perturbation approaches fail. The method removes secular terms—terms growing without bound—arising in the straightforward application of perturbation theory to weakly nonlinear problems with finite oscillatory solutions.

The method is named after Henri Poincaré, and Anders Lindstedt.

All efforts of geometers in the second half of this century have had as main objective the elimination of secular terms.

The article gives several examples. The theory can be found in Chapter 10 of Nonlinear Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems by Verhulst.

Periodic function
A periodic function is a function that repeats its values at regular intervals. For example, the trigonometric functions, which are used to describe waves and other repeating phenomena, are periodic. Many aspects of the natural world have periodic behavior, such as the phases of the Moon, the swinging of a pendulum, and the beating of a heart.

The length of the interval over which a periodic function repeats is called its period. Any function that is not periodic is called aperiodic.
Toppers Pizza (American restaurant)
Toppers Pizza is a chain of pizza restaurants in the United States. The company was founded by Scott Gittrich in 1991 in Champaign, Illinois, with the first Toppers Pizza location opened in 1993 in  Whitewater, Wisconsin, where the company is headquartered today. and the first franchise store opened in Eau Claire in 1997.

Champaign, Illinois
Champaign (/ˌʃæmˈpeɪn/ sham-PAYN) is a city in Champaign County, Illinois, United States. The population was 88,302 at the 2020 census. It is the tenth-most populous municipality in Illinois and the fourth most populous city in the state outside the Chicago metropolitan area. It is a principal city of the Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area, which had 236,000 residents in 2020.

Champaign shares the main campus of the University of Illinois with its twin city of Urbana, and is also home to Parkland College, which gives the city a large student population during the academic year. Due to the university and a number of technology startup companies, it is often referred to as a hub of the Illinois Silicon Prairie. Champaign houses offices for the Fortune 500 companies Abbott, Archer Daniels Midland (ADM), Caterpillar, John Deere, Dow Chemical Company, IBM, and State Farm. Champaign also serves as the headquarters for several companies, including Jimmy John's.
Nicolas Favarin
Nicolas Favarin (born April 29, 1980) is a French professional ice hockey defenceman. He currently serves as player-head coach and general manager for Brest Albatros Hockey of the FFHG Division 1.

Favarin previously played in the Ligue Magnus for Ours de Villard-de-Lans, Brûleurs de Loups and Gothiques d'Amiens. He also played for the France men's national ice hockey team in the 2004 IIHF World Championship.

France men's national ice hockey team
The France men's national ice hockey team has participated in the IIHF European Championships, the IIHF World Hockey Championships and the Olympic Games. As of 2016, it is ranked 14th in the world in the IIHF World Rankings. The team is overseen by the Fédération Française de Hockey sur Glace. Notable recent wins include upsets against Russia at the 2013 IIHF World Championship, Canada at the 2014 IIHF World Championship, and a triumphant 5–1 over Finland as the tournament host of 2017 IIHF World Championship.

Patrick Francheterre coached the national team in 1985 and 1986, then managed the team from 1993 to 1997 and from 2004 to 2014, and received the Paul Loicq Award in 2017.
Senegalia tenuifolia
Senegalia tenuifolia is a perennial climbing shrub which is native to Asia, the Caribbean, India and South America. Common names are ara a gato, bejuco cochino, tocino. It is not listed as being a threatened species. Senegalia tenuifolia grows to 8 m high and 10–15 cm in diameter.

Threatened species
A threatened species is any species (including animals, plants and fungi) which is vulnerable to extinction in the near future. Species that are threatened are sometimes characterised by the population dynamics measure of critical depensation, a mathematical measure of biomass related to population growth rate. This quantitative metric is one method of evaluating the degree of endangerment without direct reference to human activity.
Andrew Mercer (politician)
Andrew Mercer (1859 – 1927) was a New Zealand-born British politician.

Born in Dunedin, Mercer was the son of Andrew Mercer, who later served as Mayor of Dunedin.  The younger Mercer became a sailor, and joined the London-based National Amalgamated Sailors' and Firemen's Union, become secretary of its Green's Home branch.  He was also elected as treasurer of the Federation of Trades and Labour Unions connected with the Shipping, Carrying, and Other Industries.

At the 1892 London County Council election, Mercer stood as a Labour Progressive candidate in St George.  He won the seat, having campaigned for the municipalisation of the London Docks.  He devoted much of his time on the council to serving on committees, including the Asylums Committee, the Theatres and Music Halls Committee, and the Stores sub-committee of the London Fire Brigade.  In each case, he advocated for the rights of the workers.  He lost his seat at the 1895 London County Council election.

Mayor of Dunedin
The mayor of Dunedin is the head of the local government, the city council of Dunedin, New Zealand. The mayor's role is "to provide leadership to the other elected members of the territorial authority, be a leader in the community and perform civic duties". The mayor is directly elected, using the single transferable vote (STV) system from 2007. The current mayor is Sophie Barker who was elected in 2025.

The mayor has always been elected at large, with the inaugural election in 1865. Up until 1915, the term of mayor was for one year only. From 1915 to 1935, the term was two years. Since the 1935 mayoral election, the term has been three years. The role of deputy mayor was established in 1917.
The city council translates the office and title of mayor as Te Koromatua o Ōtepoti.

The mayoralty is subject to election every three years, the next vote being the 2025 Dunedin mayoral election.
Pisolite
A pisolite (from Ancient Greek  πίσον (píson) 'pea') is a sedimentary rock made of pisoids, which are concretionary grains – typically of calcium carbonate which resemble ooids, but are more than 2 mm in diameter. These grains are approximately spherical and have concentric layers reaching 10 mm in diameter.

Bauxites, limonites, and siderites often have a pisolitic structure.

Limonite
Limonite (/ˈlaɪməˌnaɪt/) is an iron ore consisting of a mixture of hydrated iron(III) oxide-hydroxides in varying composition. The generic formula is frequently written as FeO(OH)·nH2O, although this is not entirely accurate as the ratio of oxide to hydroxide can vary quite widely. Limonite is one of the three principal iron ores, the others being hematite and magnetite, and has been mined for the production of iron since at least 400 BC.
Leonie Hiscutt
Leonie Anne Hiscutt (born 14 January 1959) is an Australian politician, who was a member of the Tasmanian Legislative Council for the division of Montgomery between 2013 and 2025.

Hiscutt was a farmer and businesswoman prior to entering Parliament. She grew up in Elliott (near Yolla) and currently lives in Howth (near Penguin). Her husband's uncles, Des Hiscutt and Hugh Hiscutt were both previously members of the Tasmanian parliament.

Following the resignation of Vanessa Goodwin in 2017 for health reasons, Hiscutt was appointed as the Leader of the Government in the Tasmanian Legislative Council.

She did not contest the 2025 election, but her son, Casey Hiscutt, ran as an independent and won.

Yolla, Tasmania
Yolla is a rural community in north-western Tasmania, Australia.  At the 2021 census, Yolla and the surrounding area had a population of 286. It is on the Murchison Highway about 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of the towns of Wynyard, Somerset and Burnie.  The area around Yolla is used for dairying, beef cattle, growing vegetables, opium poppies and other crops, as well as forestry and mining.  Local attractions are Hellyer Gorge and the Oldina Forest Reserve.
Architecture of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The architecture of Bosnia and Herzegovina is largely influenced by four major periods, when political and social changes determined the creation of distinct cultural and architectural habits of the region.

Rudolf Tönnies
Rudolf Tönnies was an Austro-Hungarian and Yugoslav architect and politician (councillor of the Drava Banovina), son of the Swedish industrialist Gustav Tönnies.
Together with the Czech Josip Pospišil and the Austrian Ernst Lichtblau, who had all studied at the Art Academy in Vienna with Karl von Hasenauer and Otto Wagner, Tönnies is considered one of the proponents of the "Bosnian style" as a step towards architectural modernism in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as opposed to Moorish Revival style
Robert G. Storey
Robert G. Storey, Sr. (1893–1981)  was a Texas lawyer whose legal career included being elected the president of the Dallas Bar Association, of the State Bar of Texas, and later of the American Bar Association.   Storey was involved in the International Military Tribunal at the Nuremberg trials from 1945 to 1946. He spent much of his career promoting the rule of law in the United States and internationally with a dedicated focus on the advancement of legal education. Storey was a proponent of the "world peace through law" movement and maintained a lifelong interest in international law and international affairs.

State Bar of Texas
The State Bar of Texas (the Texas Bar) is an agency of the judiciary under the administrative control of the Texas Supreme Court.  It is responsible for assisting the Texas Supreme Court in overseeing all attorneys licensed to practice law in Texas. With 95,437 active members, the State Bar of Texas is one of the largest state bars in the United States. Unlike the American Bar Association (ABA), the State Bar of Texas (SBOT) is a mandatory bar. The State Bar is headquartered in the Texas Law Center at 1414 Colorado Street in Austin.
Lake Summit
Lake Summit is a natural freshwater lake in Winter Haven, Florida. It has a 65.97-acre (267,000 m2) surface area and is somewhat oval in shape. It has two small coves on its north side. This lake is surrounded by residences around most of its perimeter. It has a public park, Lake Summit Park, on part of its west side, and Legoland Florida's water park is on its southeast shore. A boat canal on the south side of Lake Summit leads to Lake Eloise.

Lake Summit has no public swimming areas but does have a public boat ramp. Also, the lake may be reached by boat via canal from Lake Eloise. Lake Summit is indirectly linked to many other lakes on the Winter Haven Chain of Lakes. The lake may be fished from shore at the park or by boat. The Hook and Bullet website says Lake Summit contains largemouth bass, bluegill and crappie.

Legoland Florida
Legoland Florida Resort is a family-friendly, multi-day vacation destination in Central Florida featuring a 150-acre Lego theme park with more than 50 rides, shows, and attractions, the Legoland Water Park, and a botanical garden. Located 45 minutes from Orlando and Tampa, the resort also includes two on-site themed hotels—Legoland Hotel Florida and Legoland Pirate Island Hotel—with immersive Lego-themed rooms and kid-focused entertainment. Seasonal stays are available at the Legoland Beach Retreat, offering lakefront Lego bungalows for a family getaway.

Built on the site of the former Cypress Gardens theme park, Legoland preserved the botanical gardens and re-themed the water park and select attractions and venues to reflect various Lego brands.
The Philosophical Quarterly
The Philosophical Quarterly is a quarterly academic journal of philosophy established in 1950 and published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Scots Philosophical Club and the University of St Andrews. Since 2014 its publisher is Oxford Academic. Every year the journal holds an Essay Prize. The journal is considered one of the top-ten publication venues in general philosophy.

Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons. It was formed by the merger of John Wiley & Sons Global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing in 2007.

Wiley-Blackwell is now an imprint that publishes a diverse range of academic and professional fields, including biology, medicine, physical sciences, technology, social science, and the humanities.
Law for the De-indexation of the Spanish Economy
The Law 2/2015, of 30 March, on the De-indexation of the Spanish Economy is a law of the Spanish legal system in force since 2015 by which the prices in whose fixation intervenes, totally or partially, some entity of the public sector are decoupled from the evolution of the CPI. The main objective of this law is to control inflation and thus improve the competitiveness of Spanish products abroad.

Consumer price index
A consumer price index (CPI) is a statistical estimate of the level of prices of goods and services bought for consumption purposes by households. It is calculated as the weighted average price of a market basket of consumer goods and services. Changes in CPI track changes in prices over time. The items in the basket are updated periodically to reflect changes in consumer spending habits. The prices of the goods and services in the basket are collected (often monthly) from a sample of retail and service establishments. The prices are then adjusted for changes in quality or features. Changes in the CPI can be used to track inflation over time and to compare inflation rates between different countries. While the CPI is not a perfect measure of inflation or the cost of living, it is a useful tool for tracking these economic indicators. It is one of several price indices calculated by many national statistical agencies.
Joe Hardy (politician)
Joseph Paul Hardy (born May 15, 1949) is a former Republican member of the Nevada Senate, representing District 12. Hardy was first elected to the Senate in 2010 when, before redistricting and a change in the nomenclature of the districts, he represented Clark County Number 12. His district represents rural areas of southeast Clark County including the communities of Boulder City, Laughlin, Searchlight, Henderson, Overton, Bunkerville, Mesquite, as well as Nellis Air Force Base, Lake Mead, and Valley of Fire State Park. Hardy previously represented Clark County District 20 from 2002 to 2010.

He served a LDS mission in France. Hardy is currently an Associate Professor and Staff Physician in the Department of Primary Care at Touro University Nevada College of Osteopathic Medicine.

Searchlight, Nevada
Searchlight is an unincorporated town and census-designated place (CDP) in Clark County, Nevada, United States, at the topographic saddle between two mountain ranges. At the 2020 census, it had a population of 445.
Masoud Lavasani
Masoud Lavasani (Persian: مسعود لواسانی), (born 1979) is an Iranian journalist and blogger. Lavasani was the culture editor of the newspaper Aftab Yazd in Tehran and has also worked for Shargh, Hamshahri and Etemad as well as the Mehr News Agency.

Masoud Lavasani was arrested on June 30, 2009, following the disputed 2009 Iranian Presidential election. He was charged with "Engaging in propaganda activities against the regime". Judge Pir Abassi in the Revolutionary Court sentenced him to eight and a half years in prison. He was also issued a lifelong ban from journalism. In the Appeals Court Massoud Lavasani's sentence was reduced to six years in prison and a ten-year ban from journalism.

Hamshahri
Hamshahri (Persian: همشهری, lit. 'Fellow citizen'; Persian pronunciation: [hæmʃæhˈɾiː]) is a major Iranian national Persian-language newspaper in Tehran (whose municipal government owns the newspaper).
RISAT-1
Radar Imaging Satellite 1 or RISAT-1, was an Indian remote sensing satellite built and operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The second RISAT satellite to be launched, it used a C-band 5.35 GHz synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) for Earth observation.

The launch of RISAT-1 came several years after that of RISAT-2, which carried an Israeli-built X-band radar. The RISAT-2 mission was prioritised over RISAT-1 following the 2008 Mumbai attacks, resulting in RISAT-1 being delayed by several years.

Satish Dhawan Space Centre
Satish Dhawan Space Centre – SDSC (formerly Sriharikota Range – SHAR) is the primary spaceport of ISRO, located in Sriharikota, an island in Tirupati district of Andhra Pradesh, India. The spaceport is located on an island off the east coast of India, surrounded by Pulicat Lake and the Bay of Bengal. The distance of Sriharikota from Chennai is 105 km (65 mi) and from Nellore is 119 km (74mi).

The Centre currently has three functioning launch pads used for launching sounding rockets, polar satellites and geosynchronous satellites. India's Lunar exploration probes Chandrayaan-1, Chandrayaan-2, Chandrayaan-3, Mars Orbiter Mission, solar research mission Aditya-L1 and space observatory XPoSat were also launched from SDSC.

Originally called Sriharikota Range (SHAR), the centre was renamed on 5 September 2002 as a tribute to ISRO's former chairman Satish Dhawan with retaining its original acronym and is referred as SDSC-SHAR.