hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Masu Bhurgri
Masu Bhurgri is a union council of Hyderabad Taluka (rural) in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It has a population of 24,300, and is located at 25°30'0N 68°28'0E to the north-east of the district capital Hyderabad.

Masu Bhurgri is named after a Baloch tribe, Bhurgari, whose members live in several locations around Pakistan.

The town has schools, hospitals and around 100 shops. Its most famous place is Masu wari Khad.

Hyderabad Tehsil
Hyderabad Tehsil (rural) (Sindhi: حيدرآباد ٻهراڙي) is an administrative subdivision (tehsil) of Hyderabad District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. Hyderabad district is subdivided into 4 talukas, the urban area around the capital Hyderabad is part of Hyderabad City Taluka.
9 Beet Stretch
9 Beet Stretch, by Scandinavian artist Leif Inge, is a 24-hours long piece made of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony.  There is a version of 9 Beet Stretch for every digital recording existing of the full Ninth Symphony, which then is to be augmented digitally to a duration of 24 hours with no pitch distortions. The work is presented as a 24-hour-long electroacoustic concert. As it has become the standard, and legal, version, of 9 Beet Stretch, the source recording is Naxos recording conducted by Béla Drahos with the Nicolaus Esterházy Sinfonia and Chorus (Naxos 8.553478).

Naxos (company)
Naxos comprises numerous companies, divisions, imprints, and labels specializing in classical music but also audiobooks and other genres. The premier label is Naxos Records, which focuses on classical music. Naxos Musical Group encompasses about 17 labels including Naxos Records, Naxos Audiobooks, and Naxos Books (ebooks). They distribute a number of additional labels that are independent of the Naxos Musical Group with a wide range of offerings.

The company was founded in 1987 by Klaus Heymann, a German-born resident of Hong Kong. In September 2025, Kuke Music Holding Ltd (NYSE: KUKE), a leading classical music services platform in China, acquired a controlling interest in Naxos Music Group for US$106 million.
Mantzavinos
Mantzavinos (Greek: Μαντζαβίνος) is a surname, named after the western Greek village of Mantzavinata. Notable people with the surname include:

C. Mantzavinos (born  1968), professor of philosophy at the University of Athens

Spiros Mantzavinos (fl. 2021–present), American politician from Delaware

Tassos Mantzavinos (born 1958), Greek painter

Mantzavinata
Mantzavinata (Greek: Μαντζαβινάτα Italian: Mangiavinata ) is a village in the southwest of Kefalonia island, 4 km southwest of Lixouri on the Paliki peninsula. Mantzavinata is famous for its wines, a wine festival is held each August in Mantzavinata.
Clarksville, California
38°39′18″N 121°03′09″W﻿ / ﻿38.65500°N 121.05250°W﻿ / 38.65500; -121.05250

Clarksville (Tong Ranch) is an unincorporated community in El Dorado County, California. It is located 14 miles (23 km) west-southwest of Placerville, at an elevation of 676 feet (206 m).

Clarksville was established during the California gold rush and at one point had over a thousand residents and several businesses.  By 1931 only twenty residents remained.  Little remains today, but the Clarksville Heritage Society preserves the town's history.

A post office operated at Clarksville from 1855 to 1924 and from 1927 to 1934.

El Dorado County, California
El Dorado County (/ˌɛl dəˈrɑːdoʊ/ ⓘ; El Dorado, Spanish for "The Golden one"), officially the County of El Dorado, is a county located in the U.S. state of California, named after the mythical city of El Dorado.
As of the 2020 census, the population was 191,185. The county seat is Placerville. The county is part of the Sacramento-Roseville-Arden-Arcade, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located entirely in the Sierra Nevada, from the historic Gold Country in the western foothills to the High Sierra in the east. El Dorado County's population has grown as Greater Sacramento has expanded into the region. Where the county line crosses US 50 at Clarksville, the distance to Sacramento is 15 miles (24 km). In the county's high altitude eastern end at Lake Tahoe, environmental awareness and environmental protection initiatives have grown along with the population since the 1960 Winter Olympics, hosted at the former Squaw Valley Ski Resort in neighboring Placer County.
2-6-6-0
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, 2-6-6-0 is a locomotive with one pair of unpowered leading wheels, followed by two sets of three pairs of powered driving wheels and no trailing wheels. The wheel arrangement was principally used on Mallet-type articulated locomotives. Some tank locomotive examples were also built, for which various suffixes to indicate the type of tank would be added to the wheel arrangement, for example 2-6-6-0T for an engine with side-tanks.

Leading wheel
The leading wheel, or leading axle or pilot wheel, of a steam locomotive is an unpowered wheel or axle located in front of the driving wheels. The axle or axles of the leading wheels are normally located on a leading truck. Leading wheels are used to help the locomotive negotiate curves and to support the front portion of the boiler.
Pipeclay triangle
A pipeclay triangle is a piece of laboratory apparatus that is used to support a crucible or other object being heated by a Bunsen burner or other heat source. It is made of wires strung in an equilateral triangle on which are strung hollow ceramic, normally fire clay, tubes. The triangle is usually supported on a tripod or iron ring. Unlike wire gauze, which primarily supports glassware such as beakers, flasks, or evaporating dishes and provides indirect heat transfer to the glassware, the pipeclay triangle normally supports a crucible and allows the flame to heat the crucible directly.  The triangular shape allows rounded crucibles of various sizes to rest in a stable way.

Laboratory glassware
Laboratory glassware is a variety of equipment used in scientific work, traditionally made of glass. Glass may be blown, bent, cut, molded, or formed into many sizes and shapes. It is commonly used in chemistry, biology, and analytical laboratories.  Many laboratories have training programs to demonstrate how glassware is used and to alert first–time users to the safety hazards involved with using glassware.
Taşucu Seka Harbor
Taşucu Seka Harbor is a harbor in Turkey. Taşucu is a town in Silifke ilçe (district) of Mersin Province. It is situated to the west of the Göksu River, and is the main port of the settlements in the Göksu River valley. Taşucu is the name of the belde (town) and Seka is the name of the paper mill situated next to Taşucu.

Belde
Belde (literally "town", also known as kasaba) means "large village with a municipality" in Turkish.

All Turkish province centers and district centers have municipalities, but the villages are usually too small to have municipalities. The population in some villages may exceed 2000 and in such villages a small municipality may be established depending on residents' choice. Such villages are called belde. Up to 2014 the number of belde municipalities was about 1400.

On 30 March 2014 by the act no. 6360 all villages (those with and without municipality) were included in the urban fabric of the district municipalities in 30 provinces. Thus belde municipalities in 30 provinces were abolished. The number of abolished belde municipalities is 1040.

Presently, in 51 provinces, which are not in the scope of the act no 6360, there are still 394 belde municipalities.
Onyx Equinox
Onyx Equinox is an American adult animated television series created by Sofia Alexander for Crunchyroll. It is based on the mythologies of Mesoamerica, featuring deities of Aztec, Maya and Zapotec myth, while also making references to the Olmecs.

The series premiered on November 21, 2020. Alexander said that she hoped that fans of Western animation would "see the appeal of action-drama animation for adults." While Alexander was initially nervous about pitching the show due to the lack of "stories about Mesoamerica," a Crunchyroll executive, Marisa Balkus, loved the pitch, and the show became "the first original series to be produced entirely out of Crunchyroll Studios."

Maya mythology
Maya or Mayan mythology  is part of Mesoamerican mythology and comprises all of the Maya tales in which personified forces of nature, deities, and the heroes interacting with each other play the main roles. The mythology of the Pre-Spanish era has to be reconstructed from iconography and incidental hieroglyphic captions. Other parts of Mayan oral tradition (such as animal tales, folk tales, and many moralising stories) are not considered here.
Climate of Hyderabad, Sindh
25°22′45″N 68°22′06″E﻿ / ﻿25.37917°N 68.36833°E﻿ / 25.37917; 68.36833

The climate of Hyderabad is Subtropical semi-arid, featuring too little rain and too cool to feature the tropical savanna climate. The days are hot and dry, usually going up to extreme highs of 40 °C (104 °F), while the nights are cool and breezy. Winds usually bring along clouds of dust, and people prefer staying indoors in the daytime, while the breezes at night are pleasant and clean.

In recent years Hyderabad has seen heavy downpours. In February 2003, Hyderabad received 105 millimetres (4.1 in) of rain in 12 hours, due to a sudden climate change. The years 2006, 2007 and 2009 saw close competition to this record rainfall.

Western disturbance
A western disturbance is an extratropical storm originating in the Mediterranean region that brings sudden winter rain to the northwestern parts of the Indian subcontinent, which extends as east as up to northern parts of Bangladesh and South eastern Nepal. It is a non-monsoonal precipitation pattern driven by the westerlies. The moisture in these storms usually originates over the Mediterranean Sea, the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea. Extratropical storms are a global phenomenon with moisture usually carried in the upper atmosphere, unlike their tropical counterparts where the moisture is carried in the lower atmosphere. In the case of the Indian subcontinent, moisture is sometimes shed as rain when the storm system encounters the Himalayas. Western disturbances are more frequent and stronger in the winter season.

Western disturbances are important for the development of the Rabi crop, which includes the locally important staple wheat.
Bilquis Nasrum Minallah
Bilquis Nasrum Minallah (1936 – 1 August 2012) was a Pakistani politician who served as a Member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from 1985 to 1988.

Born to an ethnic Pashtun family, Minallah was educated at Fatima Jinnah Medical College in Lahore. She served as a Member of the National Assembly for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, on a reserved seat for women.

She was married to Chief Secretary North-West Frontier Province Nasrum Minallah, and was the mother of current Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan, Athar Minallah, and human rights activist, Samar Minallah.

She died in Islamabad after a long illness in 2012, and was laid to rest in her native village of Sirikot in Haripur District.

Chief Secretary of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
The chief secretary Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Urdu: مُعْتَمَدِ اعلٰی خیبر پختونخوا), also referred to as CS KP, is the bureaucratic chief and highest-ranking official of the Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The appointment of the chief secretary is made directly by the prime minister of Pakistan. The position of chief secretary is equivalent to the rank of federal secretary and the position holder usually belongs to the Pakistan Administrative Service.

The chief secretary is the province's administrative boss as all administrative secretaries report to him. The CS in turn reports to the chief minister, however the chief secretary is not under the charge of the chief minister as only the prime minister can appoint or remove the CS from his position. The chief secretary also serves as the chief advisor to the chief minister and as secretary to the provincial Cabinet.
Lorenzo Mariani
Lorenzo Mariani is an international opera stage director, artistic director, and educator based in Italy. His productions have been seen throughout Europe, Asia, and United States including Israel, Finland, Sweden, Japan, and China. Mariani has collaborated with celebrated conductors Claudio Abbado, Zubin Mehta, Carlos Kleiber, Daniele Gatti and John Eliot Gardiner, and worked with opera icons Placido Domingo, Leo Nucci, Ferruccio Furlanetto, Mariella Devia, Marcelo Álvarez, Daniela Dessì, Simon Keenlyside, Bryn Terfel, Ekaterina Semenchuck, and close friend Andrea Bocelli. From 2005 to 2013 Mariani was artistic director of one of Europe’s most important opera houses and the largest theater in Italy, the Teatro Massimo in Palermo. He has taught in Italy, Great Britain, Sweden, and China.

John Eliot Gardiner
Sir John Eliot Gardiner (born 20 April 1943) is an English conductor, particularly known for his performances of the works of Johann Sebastian Bach, especially the Bach Cantata Pilgrimage of 2000, performing Bach's church cantatas in liturgical order in churches all over Europe, and New York City, with the Monteverdi Choir, and recording them at the locations.
Usman Shehu Bawa
Usman Shehu Bawa (born 17 April 1973), popularly known as Shehu ABG, is a Nigerian politician who was a member of the House of Representatives representing Kaduna North constituency. He is a member of the People's Democratic Party (PDP).

Kaduna North
Kaduna North, often referred to as the pioneer local government, is a Local Government Area in Kaduna State, Nigeria. It is the capital of Kaduna State and its headquarters are in the town of Doka. Its postal code is 800. It has an area of 70.2 km2.
Shokat as-Sufi
Shokat as-Sufi (Arabic: شوكة الصوفي) is a Palestinian town under Israeli occupation in the southern Gaza Strip, south of Rafah and adjacent to the inoperable Yasser Arafat International Airport. It is one of the poorest localities in the Gaza Strip, and has underdeveloped infrastructure.

According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) census in 1997, Shokat as-Sufi had a population of 5,663 of which 90% were Palestinian refugees. The gender make-up of the town was 49.3% male and 50.7% female. According to the PCBS, in 2017, it had a population of 16,445.

Shokat as-Sufi is governed by a municipal council of eleven members including the mayor, who since 2005 has been Mousa Abu Jlaidan.

Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics
The Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS; Arabic: الجهاز المركزي للإحصاء الفلسطيني, romanized: al-Jihāz al-Markazī lil-Iḥṣāʼ al-Filasṭīnī) is the official statistical institution of Palestine. Its main task is to provide credible statistical figures at the national and international levels. It is a state institution that provides service to the governmental, non – governmental and private sectors in addition to research institutions and universities. It is established as an independent statistical bureau. The PCBS publishes the Statistical Yearbook of Palestine and the Jerusalem Statistical Yearbook annually.

The head office of the agency is in Ein Munjed Quarter, Ramallah.
China–Somalia relations
China–Somalia relations are the bilateral relations between China and Somalia. Somalia maintains an embassy in Beijing. China has an embassy in Mogadishu.  Somalia and China are upgrading their relationship to a Strategic Partnership.

Somali Republic
The Somali Republic (Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Soomaalida; Italian: Repubblica Somala; Arabic: جمهورية الصومال  aṣ-Ṣūmāl) was formed by the union of the Italian territory of Somaliland (formerly Italian Somaliland) and the State of Somaliland (formerly British Somaliland). A government was formed by Abdullahi Issa Mohamud and Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal and other members of the trusteeship and protectorate administrations, with Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf as President of the Somali National Assembly and Aden Abdullah Osman Daar as President of the Somali Republic.  On 22 July 1960, Daar appointed Abdirashid Ali Shermarke as prime minister. On 20 July 1961 and through a popular referendum, Somalia ratified a new constitution, which was first drafted in 1960. The new constitution was rejected by Somaliland.

The administration lasted until 1969, when the Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC) seized power in a bloodless coup and renamed the country the Somali Democratic Republic.
Mazaediothecium uniseptatum
Mazaediothecium uniseptatum is a species of calicioid lichen in the family Pyrenulaceae. Found in French Guiana, it was formally described as a new species in 2015 by Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected near the village sentier Limonade in Saül at an altitude of 300 m (980 ft); here, in a mixed forest, the lichen was found growing on the higher trunk of a Protium tree. It has a dull, greyish-white thallus that lacks a cortex and is surrounded by a brown prothallus line. The apothecia are black but covered in their upper half with a golden yellow pruina; they are about 0.2 mm in diameter and up to 0.6 mm high. The asci soon disintegrate to form a mazaedium layer. Ascospores are pale grey with a shape ranging from ellipsoid to spindle-shaped (fusiform), and measure 7.0–12.0 by 5.0–7.5 μm; they contain a single septum. It is this last feature that is referenced in the species epithet uniseptatum.

Prothallus
A prothallus, or prothallium, (from Latin pro = forwards and Greek θαλλος (thallos) = twig) is usually the gametophyte stage in the life of a fern or other pteridophyte. Occasionally, the term is also used to describe the young gametophyte of a liverwort or peat moss as well. In lichens, it refers to the region of the thallus that is free of algae.

The prothallus develops from a germinating spore. It is a short-lived and inconspicuous heart-shaped structure typically 2–5 millimeters wide, with a number of rhizoids (root-like hairs) growing underneath, and the sex organs: archegonium (female) and antheridium (male). Appearance varies quite a lot between species. Some are green and conduct photosynthesis while others are colorless and nourish themselves underground as saprotrophs.
2021 KBS Song Festival
The 2021 KBS Song Festival (Korean: KBS 2021 가요대축제) was the 11th edition of KBS Song Festival, held on December 17, 2021, broadcast by KBS at 8:30 pm KST on the 17th to 12:15 am on the 18th. A total of 20 teams have been invited to the show.

This year, in a situation where K-pop singers and fans could not meet due to Corona 19, the theme is with 'WITH', which means to go forward 'together' with strength.

Astro (South Korean band)
Astro (Korean: 아스트로; stylized in all caps) is a South Korean boy band formed by Fantagio. The group is composed of four members: MJ, Jinjin, Cha Eun-woo, and Yoon San-ha. Originally a sextet, Rocky departed from the group on February 28, 2023, and Moonbin died on April 19, 2023. They debuted on February 23, 2016, with the extended play Spring Up and were subsequently named as one of the best new K-pop acts of 2016 by Billboard.
William Barker (tennis)
William Barker (born 21 March 1981) is a British former professional tennis player.

Barker played collegiate tennis for Rice University in the United States, forming a doubles partnership with twin brother Richard. The pair had 35 consecutive wins in their junior year, culminating in a semifinal loss at the NCAA Division I Championships.

On the professional tour, Barker had a best doubles ranking of 244 in the world and partnered his brother in the main draw of the 2005 Wimbledon Championships, where the wildcard pairing were defeated in the first round by top seeds Jonas Björkman and Max Mirnyi.

Max Mirnyi
Maksim Mikalaevich "Max" Mirnyi (born 6 July 1977) is a Belarusian former professional tennis player.

Mirnyi became a doubles specialist following his singles career, in which he reached a career-high of World No. 18 (August 2003) and finished in the top 50 in the world for seven straight years despite only winning one ATP singles title (2003 Rotterdam Open). He represented Belarus in Davis Cup competition from April 1994, where he holds a record of 47 wins and 27 losses in 35 ties played. He reached the World No. 1 doubles ranking in June 2003 and won ten Grand Slam titles: Men's doubles in the 2000 and 2002 US Open and the 2005, 2006, 2011 and 2012 French Open; and mixed doubles in the 1998, 2007, and 2013 U.S. Opens and 1998 Wimbledon.

At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Mirnyi carried the flag of Belarus at the Opening Ceremony on 27 July 2012, and won the gold medal in the mixed doubles with Victoria Azarenka on 5 August 2012.

His nickname is "The Beast of Belarus".
AMA Gold Report Top 50
The AMA Gold Report Top 50, formerly known as the Honomichl Top 50, is an annual compilation of the top 50 revenue-generating marketing research firms operating in the United States. The report is published by the American Marketing Association magazine, Marketing News. The list was compiled by Jack Honomichl until his death in 2013 and was renamed to AMA Gold Report Top 50 after his death.

The Honomichl was a rating system developed by Jack Honomichl that "is" the Fortune 500 list of market research firms.

Competitors include the Global Top 50 Research Organizations compiled by research press company RFL Communications, Inc.

Fortune 500
The Fortune 500 is an annual list compiled and published by Fortune magazine that ranks 500 of the largest United States corporations by total revenue for their respective fiscal years. The list includes publicly held companies, along with privately held companies for which revenues are publicly available. The concept of the Fortune 500 was created by Edgar P. Smith, a Fortune editor, and the first list was published in 1955. The Fortune 500 is more commonly used than its subset Fortune 100 or superset Fortune 1000.
Graduate placement
The term graduate placement is a statistic used by colleges, universities, and other schools to statistically report the successfulness of their graduated students to find a job in the student's chosen field of study.

It is generally used to indicate the efficacy of the teaching methods and educational opportunities for prospective students looking for a good school to spend their tuition money.

Efficacy
Efficacy is the ability to perform a task to a satisfactory or expected degree. The word comes from the same roots as effectiveness, and it has often been used synonymously, although in pharmacology a distinction is now often made between efficacy and effectiveness.

The word efficacy is used in pharmacology and medicine to refer both to the maximum response achievable from a pharmaceutical drug in research settings, and to the capacity for sufficient therapeutic effect or beneficial change in clinical settings.
Betty Henderson
Betty Henderson (1907–1979) was a Scottish actress. She was a founding member of the Glasgow Unity Theatre, with whom she played Peggie in both the stage and screen versions of The Gorbals Story. She later appeared as Gran Crombie in High Living. She was married to actor John Cook "Jack" Hislop.

High Living
High Living was the first British soap opera to be produced in Scotland, and was produced by Scottish Television. The series was conceived by Henry Hay and episodes were written by Henry Hay and Jack Gerson, (who would later create The Omega Factor).