hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Johannesburg Regiment
The Johannesburg Regiment is an infantry regiment of the South African Army. As a reserve unit, it has a status roughly equivalent to that of a British Army Reserve or United States Army National Guard unit.

Army National Guard
The Army National Guard (ARNG) is an organized militia force and a federal military reserve force of the United States Army. It is simultaneously part of two different organizations: the Militia of the United States (consisting of the ARNG of each state, most territories, and Washington D.C.), as well as the federal ARNG, as part of the National Guard as a whole (which includes the Air National Guard). It is divided into subordinate units stationed in each state or insular area, responsible to their respective governors or other head-of-government.

The Guard's origins are usually traced to the city of Salem, Massachusetts, in 1636. That year a regiment of militia drilled for the first time to defend a multi-community area within what is now the United States.
David L. Gross
David Gross is professor of history emeritus at University of Colorado at Boulder. His work focuses on intellectual history of modern Europe (from the 18th century), aspects of modernity, and the roles of remembering and forgetting in the late stages of modern culture. Gross is an associate editor of the journal Telos. Gross is notable for examining European culture in terms of broad themes and tropes such as the interplay of forgetting and remembering in the delineation of contemporary culture. In addition to his teaching, Gross serves as editor for the "Critical Perspectives on Modern Culture" Series at the University of Massachusetts Press.

University of Massachusetts Press
The University of Massachusetts Press is a university press that is part of the University of Massachusetts Amherst.  The press was founded in 1963, publishing scholarly books and non-fiction.  The press imprint is overseen by an interdisciplinary faculty committee. The press is currently a member of the Association of University Presses.
Kitty Kelley
Katherine Kelley (born April 4, 1942) is an American journalist and author of best-selling unauthorized biographies of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Elizabeth Taylor, Frank Sinatra, Nancy Reagan, the British royal family, the Bush family, and Oprah Winfrey.

For the Sinatra biography, Kelley won praise for the quality of her research and willingness to risk a lawsuit, but critics have not rated her other works as highly. She has been described as a "professional sensationalist" and the "consummate gossip monger".

Unauthorized biography
An unauthorized biography, sometimes called a kiss-and-tell, or a tell-all, is a biography written without the subject's permission or input. The term is usually restricted to biographies written within the subject's lifetime or shortly after their death; as such, it is not applied to biographies of historical figures written long after their deaths.
Ahmad ibn Ali al-Najashi
Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī ibn al-ʿAbbas ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdullāh al-Najāshī al-Asadī (Arabic: أحمد بن علي بن أحمد بن العباس بن محمد بن عبد الله النجاشي الأسدي; c. 982–1058), often simply referred to as al-Najāshī, was a Twelver Shi'ite Muslim scholar mainly known for his work on the subject of biographical evaluation (ʿilm al-rijāl, Islamic science dealing with the reliability of hadith transmitters), called the Rijāl al-Najāshī. His family is descended from Abu Samal ibn Hubayra al-Asadi (d. 60 AH / 679 CE), a poet of the Ridda Wars who repented and fought in the Battle of al-Qadisiyyah in 636, during the Muslim conquest of Persia. His ancestor was Abdullah al-Najashi, the wāli of al-Ahwaz at the time of Abu Ja'far al-Mansur (754–775), who was an "adamant Rāfiḍi" according to Basran historian Abu al-Yakzan (d. 805). Abdullah is also known for his correspondence of inquiry with Ja'far al-Sadiq. His son, Muhammad ibn Abdullah, was also the governor of Istakhr in Iran.

Banu Asad
Banu Asad (Arabic: بَنُو أَسَدْ) is an Arab tribe, descended from Asad ibn Khuzayma. They are Adnanite Arabs, powerful and one of the most famous and influential tribes. They are widely respected by many Arab tribes, respected by Shia Muslims because they have buried the body of Husayn ibn Ali, his family (Ahl al-Bayt) and  companions with the help of Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin, the son of Husayn, and many martyrs from the Battle of Karbala are from the tribe. Today, many members of the tribe live in the Iraqi cities of Basra, Najaf, Kufa, Karbala, Nasiriyah, Amarah, Kut, Hillah, Diyala and Baghdad. There is a branch from the Banu Assad in Northern Sudan called Banu Kahil who have migrated from the Hijaz to Sudan. There are also members of Bani Assad tribe in Ahvaz in the Khuzestan of Iran located with neighboring tribes of Banu Tamim, Bani Malik, Banu Kaab and other notable Arab tribes.
Cyclic voltammetry
In electrochemistry, cyclic voltammetry (CV) is a type of voltammetric measurement where the potential of the working electrode is ramped linearly versus time. Unlike in linear sweep voltammetry, after the set potential is reached in a CV experiment, the working electrode's potential is ramped in the opposite direction to return to the initial potential. These cycles in potential are repeated until the voltammetric trace reaches a cyclic steady state. The current at the working electrode is plotted versus the voltage at the working electrode to yield the cyclic voltammogram (see Figure 1). Cyclic voltammetry is generally used to study the electrochemical properties of an analyte in solution or of a molecule that is adsorbed onto the electrode, and to quantify electrochemical surface area of catalysts in electrochemical cells.

Electrode potential
In electrochemistry, electrode potential is the voltage of a galvanic cell built from a standard reference electrode and another electrode to be characterized. The standard electrode potential is a conventional instance of this concept whose reference electrode is the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), defined to have a potential of zero volts. It may also be defined as the potential difference between the charged metallic rods and salt solution.

The electrode potential has its origin in the potential difference developed at the interface between the electrode and the electrolyte. It is common, for instance, to speak of the electrode potential of the M+/M redox couple.
Yedi Kule
Yedi Kule or Yedikule ("Seven Towers" in Turkish) can refer to:

Yedikule Fortress in Istanbul, Turkey.

Yedikule neighborhood, where the fortress is located, in the district of Fatih in Istanbul, Turkey.

Heptapyrgion (Thessaloniki) citadel in Thessaloniki, Greece.

Theodoros Vardinogiannis Stadium in Heraklion, Crete, is popularly nicknamed "Yedi Kule".

Yedikule
Yedikule (Seven Towers) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Fatih, Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its population is 15,789 (2022). It is named after the seven-towered Yedikule Fortress, which surrounds the neighborhood. Urbanized in the 16th century, the neighborhood became a hub for industrial and agricultural activities. Yedikule has a local football team Yedikule GSK that played in the TFF Second League for a season.

Marmaray passes through the neighbourhood, however Yedikule railway station is opened on 2024.
Dale Whiteside
Dale Whiteside (October 19, 1930 – July 4, 2021) was an American politician who served in the Missouri House of Representatives from 1987 to 1997.

He died on July 4, 2021, in Chillicothe, Missouri, at age 90.

Missouri House of Representatives
The Missouri House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Missouri General Assembly, the upper chamber being the Missouri Senate. It has 163 members, representing districts with an average size of 37,000 residents. House members are elected for two-year terms during general elections held in even-numbered years.

Missouri's house is the fourth largest in the United States even as the state ranks 18th in population. The only states with a larger lower house in the United States are New Hampshire (400), Pennsylvania (203), and Georgia (180). Republicans have controlled the State House since 2003.

The next election will be held in 2026.
Peter Schofield (physicist)
Peter Schofield (London, 14 September 1929 - 15 April 2018) was a British physicist specializing in neutron scattering.

Schofield began his career 1956 in the Theoretical Physics Division of the Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell. A paper from 1962, written with Peter Egelstaff, on the evaluation of the velocity auto-correlation function 
has become a classic in the field. In 1979, Schofield became chairman of the
Neutron Scattering Group of the Institute of Physics. In 1991-94, he served as UK Associate Director of the Institut Laue-Langevin in Grenoble.

Schofield loved classical music. He was an accomplished pianist and accompanist, wrote opera critics magazines, and published a book on The Enjoyment of Opera.

Institut Laue–Langevin
45°12′22″N 5°41′34″E﻿ / ﻿45.206239°N 5.692774°E﻿ / 45.206239; 5.692774

The Institut Laue–Langevin (ILL) is an internationally financed scientific facility, situated on the Polygone Scientifique in Grenoble, France. It is one of the world centres for research using neutrons. Founded in 1967 and honouring the physicists Max von Laue and Paul Langevin, the ILL provides one of the most intense neutron sources in the world and the most intense continuous neutron flux in the world in the moderator region: 1.5×1015 neutrons per second per cm2, with a thermal power of typically 58.3 MW.

The ILL neutron scattering facilities allow the analysis of the structure of conducting and magnetic materials for future electronic devices, the measurement of stresses in mechanical materials.  It also allows investigations into macromolecular assemblies, particularly protein dynamics and biomolecular structure. It is a world-renowned centre for nanoscale science.
Hypotia leucographalis
Hypotia leucographalis is a species of snout moth in the genus Hypotia. It was described by George Hampson in 1900 and is known from Spain.

The wingspan is about 26 mm. The forewings are fulvous, irrorated (sprinkled) with large erect black scales. The hindwings are white suffused with fuscous.

Pyralidae
The Pyralidae, commonly called pyralid moths, snout moths or grass moths, are a family of Lepidoptera in the ditrysian superfamily Pyraloidea. In many (particularly older) classifications, the grass moths (Crambidae) are included in the Pyralidae as a subfamily, making the combined group one of the largest families in the Lepidoptera. The latest review by Eugene G. Munroe and Maria Alma Solis retain the Crambidae as a full family of Pyraloidea.

The wingspans for small and medium-sized species are usually between 9 and 37 mm (0.35 and 1.46 in) with variable morphological features.

It is a diverse group, with more than 6,000 species described worldwide, and more than 600 species in America north of Mexico, comprising the third largest moth family in North America. At least 42 species have been recorded from North Dakota in the subfamilies of Pyralidae.
Guru Kashi College
Guru Kashi College is  a constituent college of the Punjabi University in Talwandi Sabo, India. Established in 1964, it is one of the oldest college for arts and sciences in Malwa area of Punjab. It offers undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in sciences, humanities, social sciences, computer science and commerce.

Malwa (Punjab)
Malwa (IPA: [maːlʋaː]) is a geographical region in the south of Punjab state in India. It is located between south of the Sutlej river, north of the Ghaggar river, east of Pakistan, and west of the Sivalik Hills. Whilst Malwa officially consists of the Puadh region, this was historically and culturally a distinct region from Malwa.
Baadsvik
Baadsvik is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Emily Baadsvik (born 1983), Canadian bobsledder

Karl Johan Baadsvik (1910–1995), Canadian skier

Øystein Baadsvik (born 1966), Norwegian classical tubist

Øystein Baadsvik
Øystein Baadsvik (born 14 August 1966) is a Norwegian tuba soloist and chamber musician. The accolade is notable as the tuba is rarely an instrument that receives solo attention. Baadsvik is recognized as one of the world's most prominent tuba players.
Ibrayevo, Kiginsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan
Ibrayevo (Russian: Ибраево; Bashkir: Ибрай, İbray) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Ibrayevsky Selsoviet, Kiginsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 471 as of 2010. There are 6 streets.

Kiginsky District
Kiginsky District (Russian: Киги́нский райо́н; Bashkir: Ҡыйғы районы, Qıyğı rayonı; Tatar: Кыйгы районы, Qıyğı rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the republic and borders with Mechetlinsky and Belokataysky Districts in the north, Chelyabinsk Oblast in the east and southeast, Salavatsky District in the south and southwest, and with Duvansky District in the west. The area of the district is 1,688 square kilometers (652 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Verkhniye Kigi. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 19,137, with the population of Verkhniye Kigi accounting for 34.7% of that number.
B. Bommasandra, Gauribidanur
B. Bommasandra is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Gauribidanur taluk of Chikkaballapura district in Karnataka. It is situated 14 km away from sub-district headquarter Gauribidanur and 32 km away from district headquarter Chikkaballapura.

Chikkaballapur
Chikkaballapur or Chikkaballāpura is the district headquarters of the newly created Chikkaballapur district in the state of Karnataka, India, which was carved out from Kolar district. It is located within 3 km of Muddenahalli (the birthplace of eminent engineer and statesman Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya). A $400 million Pharmaceutical SEZ is being constructed in Chikkaballapur on 325 acres (1.32 km2), the first of its kind in India.  Furthermore, the noted Traveler Bunglow is being converted into a state-of-the-art bus terminus. A new district government headquarters and police headquarters is being constructed at a cost of $5 million. In addition, the state government is releasing over $10 million to develop the city and expand underground sanitary systems. It is a regional transport and educational hub, and is a major site for grape, grain, and silk cultivation.
Langwedel
Langwedel (German pronunciation: [ˈlaŋveːdl̩]) is a municipality in the district of Verden, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the right bank of the Weser, approx. 7 km northwest of Verden, and 30 km southeast of Bremen.

Langwedel belonged to the Prince-Bishopric of Verden, established in 1180. In 1648 the Prince-Bishopric was transformed into the Principality of Verden, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish Crown - interrupted by a Danish occupation (1712–1715) - and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. The Kingdom of Hanover incorporated the Principality in a real union and the Princely territory, including Langwedel, became part of the new Stade Region, established in 1823.

Bremen-Verden
Bremen-Verden, formally the Duchies of Bremen and Verden (German pronunciation: [ˈfɛɐ̯dən]; German: Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden), were two territories and immediate fiefs of the Holy Roman Empire, which emerged and gained imperial immediacy in 1180. By their original constitution they were prince-bishoprics of the Archdiocese of Bremen and Bishopric of Verden.

In 1648, both prince-bishoprics were secularised, meaning that they were transformed into hereditary monarchies by constitution, and from then on both the Duchy of Bremen and the Duchy of Verden were always ruled in personal union, initially by the royal houses of Sweden, the House of Vasa and the House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, and later by the House of Hanover.

With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, Bremen-Verden's status as fiefs of imperial immediacy became void; as they had been in personal union with the neighbouring Kingdom of Hanover, they were incorporated into that state.
Amirkhan Kamizovich Shomakhov
Amirkhan Kamizovich Shomakhov (Russian: Амирхáн Ками́зович Шомáхов; Kabardian: Щомахуэ Амырхъан Къамызэ и къуэр; 10 October [O.S. 27 September] 1910 − 13 July 1988) was a Soviet Kabardian lyrics, prose, and play writer, primarily known as one of the founders of the Kabardian children's literature. People's Poet of the Kabarda-Balkar ASSR (1977). Member of the Union of Soviet Writers since 1949. Member of the CPSU since 1938.

Order of the Badge of Honour
The Order of the Badge of Honour (Russian: орден «Знак Почёта», romanized: orden "Znak Pochyota") was a civilian award of the Soviet Union.

It was established on 25 November 1935, and was conferred on citizens of the USSR for outstanding achievements in sports, production, scientific research and social, cultural and other forms of social activity; for promotion of economic, scientific, technological, cultural and other ties between the USSR and other countries; and also for significant contribution to basic and applied research.

The order was awarded 1,574,368 times.

The "Order of the Badge of Honour" was replaced by the "Order of Honour" (Russian: Орден Почёта) by a Decree of the Presidium of the USSR on 28 December 1988. Following the USSR dissolution, it was replaced by the "Order of Honour" of Russia, established by Presidential Decree no. 442 of 2 March 1994.
Løren Line
The Løren Line (Norwegian: Lørenbanen) is a 1.6-kilometer (1.0 mi) line of the Oslo Metro. Located entirely underground, it runs through the neighborhoods of Sinsen, Løren and Økern in Bjerke, creating a connection between the Ring Line with the Grorud Line. The line features one station, Løren. It is served by metro trains which run down the Grorud Line and then connect to the Ring Line. It allows for higher capacity on the metro as more passengers a transported via the Ring Line instead of through the congested Common Tunnel. Construction started in June 2013 and the line opened on 3 April 2016.

Bjerke (borough)
Bjerke is a borough of the city of Oslo, Norway.

The most densely populated residential areas, including the high-rise apartment blocks of Linderud, are located along Trondheimsveien (Norwegian National Road 4). The shopping centre at Linderud is also home to the borough council's administrative headquarters. The northern areas of the borough are bordered by the vast woodlands of Oslomarka. Bjerke Upper Secondary School is located here.
Derek Summerfield
Derek Summerfield is an honorary senior lecturer at London's Institute of Psychiatry and a member of the Executive Committee of Transcultural Special Interest Group at the Royal College of Psychiatry. He is also an Honorary Fellow of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association. He has published around 150 papers and has made other contributions in medical and social sciences literature.

Royal College of Psychiatrists
The Royal College of Psychiatrists is the main professional organisation of psychiatrists in the United Kingdom, and is responsible for representing psychiatrists, for psychiatric research and for providing public information about mental health problems. The college provides advice to those responsible for training and certifying psychiatrists in the UK.

In addition to publishing many books and producing several journals, the college produces, for the public, information about mental health problems. Its offices are located at 21 Prescot Street in London, near Aldgate. The college's previous address (until 2013) was Belgrave Square.
Penn & Tylers Green F.C.
Penn & Tylers Green F.C. are a football club based in Penn, near Beaconsfield, England. They were established in 1905 and were the founding members of the Chiltonian League in 1984. Currently they are members of the Combined Counties League Division One. The club is affiliated to the Berks & Bucks Football Association

Chiltonian League
The Chiltonian League was an English football league, existing from 1984 until its merger with the Hellenic League in 2000. While never having a defined place in the English football league system, successful clubs moved from the Chiltonian League to the Combined Counties League and to the South Midlands League.
Dmitri Sychev
Dmitri Yevgenyevich Sychev (Russian: Дми́трий Евге́ньевич Сычёв, romanized: Dmitriy Yevgen’yevich Sychyov, IPA: [ˈdmʲitrʲɪj jɪvˈɡʲenʲjɪvʲɪtɕ sɨˈtɕɵf] ⓘ; born 26 October 1983) is a Russian professional football official and a former player who played as a forward or as a midfielder. He is the president of Irtysh Omsk. He was hailed by the international press as "The Russian Michael Owen", because of his pace, and was dubbed "the most sensational young Russian forward since Vladimir Beschastnykh". He was well known for his blinding pace and agility.

Russian Super Cup
The Russian Super Cup (Russian: Суперкубок России) is a one-match football annual competition. Its official sponsored name is OLIMPBET Russian Supercup (Russian: ОЛИМПБЕТ Суперкубок России). The two participating clubs are the Russian Premier League champions and the Russian Cup winners. If the Premier League and the Cup are won by the same team, then the other participant is the league runners-up. The match is played at the beginning of the season, typically in July.

The trophy has been contested since 2003.
Erwann Binet
Erwann Binet (born 30 July 1972) is a French politician.

Binet was born in Brest, Finistère. He was first elected to the National Assembly in the 2012 election, and served as the deputy for the eighth circonscription of Isère on the Socialist Party ticket, succeeding Jacques Remiller to the post. He was appointed rapporteur for the Law Commission for the passage of Bill 344.  He lost the 2017 election to 
Caroline Abadie of LREM.

Isère's 8th constituency
The 8th constituency of Isère is one of ten French legislative constituencies in the Isère département.

After the 2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies added a tenth constituency to Isère, the 8th constituency consists of the (pre-2015 cantonal re-organisation) cantons of
Heyrieux, Vienne-Nord, Vienne-Sud, Auberives-sur-Varèze, Cheyssieu, Clonas-sur-Varèze, Saint-Alban-du-Rhône, Saint-Clair-du-Rhône, Saint-Maurice-l'Exil, Saint-Prim and Vernioz and the communes of Assieu.
Javanese literature
Javanese literature is, generally speaking, literature from Java and, more specifically, from areas where Javanese is spoken. However, similar with other literary traditions, Javanese language works were and not necessarily produced only in Java, but also in Sunda, Madura, Bali, Lombok, Southern Sumatra (especially around Palembang) and Suriname. This article only deals with Javanese written literature and not with oral literature and Javanese theatre such as wayang.

Madura
Madura is an Indonesian island off the northeastern coast of Java. The island has an area of about 4,471.05 square kilometres (1,726.28 mi2), but administratively Madura comprises an area of around 5,408.45 square kilometres (2,088.21 mi2) due to the inclusion of various smaller islands to the east, southeast and north that are part of Madura's easternmost Sumenep Regency. Madura is part of the province of East Java. It is separated from Java by the narrow Madura Strait. The administered area had a density of 773 people per km2 (2,003 per sq. mile) in mid-2024, while the main island had a somewhat higher figure of 862.3 per km2 (2,233 per sq. mile).