hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Holyoke Testing Flume
The Holyoke Testing Flume was a hydraulic testing laboratory and apparatus in Holyoke, Massachusetts, operated by the Holyoke Water Power Company from 1870 to 1932, and used to test the performance of water turbine designs, completing 3,176 tests of efficiency in that time.: 100  It was described by Robert E. Horton in court testimony as the only facility of its kind in the 19th and early 20th century, which made possible the standardization of American water turbines. Indeed Clemens Herschel, who managed and redesigned the facility in the 1880s, later described it in Congressional testimony as the "first modern hydraulic laboratory" in the United States and the world. It was through Herschel's need to determine the water power consumption of different mills, and in this testing system that he would invent the Venturi meter, the first accurate means of measuring large-scale flows, which still retains widespread use in modern technology today.

Venturi effect
The Venturi effect is the reduction in fluid pressure that results when a moving fluid speeds up as it is funneled from one section of a pipe to another, smaller section. As the fluid flows into a smaller area, the fluid's velocity increases, while the static pressure decreases.

The Venturi effect is named after its discoverer, the Italian Physicist Giovanni Battista Venturi, and was first published in 1797.

The effect has various applications in Engineering, Architecture, and everyday objects such as Atomizers that disperse perfume or spray paint and Wine aerators. The reduction in pressure inside the constriction can be used both for measuring the fluid flow and for moving other fluids (e.g. in a vacuum ejector).
1951 Irish general election
The 1951 Irish general election to the 14th Dáil was held on Wednesday, 30 May following the dissolution of the 13th Dáil on 7 May by President Seán T. O'Kelly on the request of Taoiseach John A. Costello. The general election took place in 40 Dáil constituencies throughout Ireland for 147 seats in Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas.

This election was the first election since the declaration of the Republic of Ireland on 18 April 1949 under the terms of The Republic of Ireland Act 1948, which forced Ireland's withdrawal from the British Commonwealth.

The 14th Dáil met at Leinster House on 13 June to nominate the Taoiseach for appointment by the president and to approve the appointment of a new government of Ireland. Costello failed to secure a majority, and Éamon de Valera was appointed Taoiseach, forming the 6th government of Ireland, a single-party minority Fianna Fáil government.

The Republic of Ireland Act 1948
The Republic of Ireland Act 1948 (No. 22 of 1948) is an Act of the Oireachtas which declares that the description of Ireland is the Republic of Ireland, and vests in the president of Ireland the power to exercise the executive authority of the state in its external relations, on the advice of the Government of Ireland. The Act was signed into law on 21 December 1948 and came into force on 18 April 1949, Easter Monday, the 33rd anniversary of the beginning of the Easter Rising.

The Act ended the remaining statutory role of the British monarchy in relation to Ireland, by repealing the 1936 External Relations Act, which had vested in George VI, in his capacity as a symbol of the cooperation of the nations that were members of the Commonwealth with which Ireland associated itself, and his successors those functions which the Act now transferred to the President.
1962 Night Series Cup
The 1962 VFL Night Premiership Cup was the Victorian Football League end of season cup competition played in August and September of the 1962 VFL Premiership Season. Run as a knock-out tournament, it was contested by the eight VFL teams that failed to make the 1962 VFL finals series. It was the seventh VFL Night Series competition. Games were played at the Lake Oval, Albert Park, then the home ground of South Melbourne, as it was the only ground equipped to host night games. Richmond won its first night series cup defeating Hawthorn in the final by 4 points.

Albert Park, Victoria
Albert Park is an inner suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 4 km (2.5 mi) south of Melbourne's Central Business District. The suburb is named after Albert Park, a large lakeside urban park located within the City of Port Phillip local government area. Albert Park recorded a population of 6,044 at the 2021 census.

The suburb of Albert Park extends from the St Vincent Gardens to Beaconsfield Parade and Mills Street. It was settled residentially as an extension of Emerald Hill (South Melbourne). It is characterised by wide streets, heritage buildings, terraced houses, open air cafes, parks and significant stands of mature exotic trees, including Canary Island Date Palm and London Planes.

The Albert Park Circuit has been home to the Australian Grand Prix since 1996, with the exception of 2020–2021 due to the COVID-19 lockdowns.
Jose Reveyn
Jose Reveyn (born 14 September 1947) is a Belgian long-distance runner who won the Amsterdam Marathon race in 1985 in a time of 2:19:24. He clocked his best marathon time of 2:12:26 at the Amsterdam Marathon of 1982, when he finished 9 seconds behind Cor Vriend.

Cor Vriend
Cornelis Wilhelmus Pieter "Cor" Vriend (born 8 November 1949) is a former long-distance runner from the Netherlands, who mainly competed in the marathon. He participated in two consecutive Summer Olympics for his native country; in 1980 (Moscow, 41st place) and 1984 (Los Angeles, 39th place). During the early 1980s he was overshadowed by his fellow countryman Gerard Nijboer.

Vriend twice won the Amsterdam Marathon, in 1983 and 1984. He also won the Enschede Marathon in 1981 and the Beppu-Ōita Marathon in Japan in 1984. He is the Dutch record holder for the relatively obscure 25,000 m and 30,000 m track events, both of which he set on 22 August 1981.

His personal best at the marathon was 2:11:41, set at the 1984 Maassluis Marathon, finishing first in the race.
I pazzi per progetto
I pazzi per progetto (Madmen by Design) is a farsa in one act by Gaetano Donizetti to a libretto by Domenico Gilardoni. The first performance took place at the Teatro di San Carlo on 6 February 1830 and was followed by its second presentation on 7 February at the Teatro del Fondo.

At the 1830 performance in Naples, some great singers of the time such as Boccabadati and Luigi Lablache performed it in a charity event, but despite the exceptional cast, the audience was really very meager. The work, carried by two women surrounded by five heavy voices, was divided into seven numbers linked by dry ("secco") or accompanied recitatives. It revealed the purest farcical style of the composer, containing the characters and forms typical of that style.

It was performed a few more times in Naples and Palermo up until 1845, and then forgotten until 1977.

Farsa
Farsa (Italian, literally: farce, plural: farse) is a genre of opera, associated with Venice in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It is also sometimes called farsetta.

Farse were normally one-act operas, sometimes performed together with short ballets. Many of the recorded productions were at the Teatro San Moisè in Venice, often during Carnival. Musically they may have derived from the two-act dramma giocoso, although there were other influences, including the French comédie mêlée d'ariettes.

Few of the original 18th-century farse are now performed. The German composer Johann Simon Mayr, who lived in Northern Italy, wrote about 30 farse.  Rossini wrote five examples: La cambiale di matrimonio (1810), L'inganno felice (1812), La scala di seta (1812), Il Signor Bruschino (1813), and Adina (1818).  In addition, his L'occasione fa il ladro (1812), though called a Burletta per musica, is a farsa in all but name.
Sehlabathebe National Park
The Sehlabathebe National Park (Sesotho: Pitso ea sechaba sa Sehlabathebe) is located in the Maloti Mountains in Qacha's Nek District, Lesotho and is part of the Maloti-Drakensberg World Heritage Site. The park was first established on 8 May 1969 and since then, is recognised as important in terms of biological diversity and cultural heritage. The landscape is dominated by grasslands of various types. The larger ecosystem functions provide freshwater to Lesotho, South Africa, and Namibia.

Sotho language
Sotho (/ˈsuːtuː/), also known as Sesotho (/sɪˈsuːtuː, sə-/), Southern Sotho, or Sesotho sa Borwa, is a Southern Bantu language spoken in Lesotho, as its national language, and South Africa, where it is an official language.

Like all Bantu languages, Sesotho is an agglutinative language, using numerous affixes and derivational and inflexional rules to build complete words.
Femme Osage Creek
Femme Osage Creek is a stream in St. Charles County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of the Missouri River.

The stream headwaters arise just west of Missouri Route T and the stream flows initially west then turns north past the Femme Osage community on route T then turns to the east. The stream flows parallel to Missouri Route F past the Daniel Boone Home north of Schluersburg. It flows under Missouri Route 94 north of Defiance and enters the Missouri just south of the community of Hamburg within the Weldon Springs Conservation Area.

Femme Osage is a name derived from French meaning "Osage woman". It is unclear why the name Femme Osage was applied to this stream.  Many variant names have been recorded, including "Faim of the Hoozaw River", "Femme Osage River", "Osage Womans River", and "Wife of Osage River".

Hamburg, Missouri
Hamburg was a small town in St. Charles County, Missouri, United States. Hamburg was one of three towns, along with nearby Howell and Toonerville, that were evacuated and terminated in 1940–1941 when the area was taken over by the United States Department of the Army for the Weldon Spring Ordnance Works, which manufactured trinitrotoluene (TNT) and dinitrotoluene (DNT) and later processed uranium.
Matt Witten
Matthew Witten (born in Baltimore) is an American television writer for House and other shows. He also has written several mystery books, the first of which was Breakfast at Madeline's. His novel The Necklace was published in September, 2021, by Oceanview Publishing.

He is credited as the writer for the Supernatural episodes "No Exit"—centering on the ghost of H. H. Holmes—and "Playthings".

Witten also teaches screenwriting for UCLA Extension Writers' Program.

Saratoga Springs, New York
Saratoga Springs is a city in Saratoga County, New York, United States. The population was 28,491 at the 2020 census. The name reflects the presence of mineral springs in the area, which has made Saratoga a popular resort destination for over 200 years. It is home to the Saratoga Race Course, a thoroughbred horse racing track operated by the New York Racing Association, and Saratoga Performing Arts Center, a music and dance venue. The city's official slogan is "Health, History, and Horses".
Wichit Srisa-an
Wichit Srisa-an (Thai: วิจิตร ศรีสอ้าน, 22 December 1934 – 30 September 2023) was a Thai academic, education administrator, and politician. He founded three universities (Sukhothai Thammathirat, Suranaree and Walailak), and served as Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of University Affairs from 1987 to 1994 and as Minister of Education from 2006 to 2008.

Walailak University
Founded in 1992, Walailak University (WU.) (Thai: มหาวิทยาลัยวลัยลักษณ์) is a public university located in Tha Sala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand. Although state funded, Walailak University is given a high level of autonomy, unusual among Thai public universities.

The university was named after Princess Chulabhorn Walailak.
Majestic 12
Majestic 12, also known as Majic-12, and MJ-12 for short, is a purported organization that appeared in fake documents first circulated by ufologists in 1984, and that some UFO conspiracy theories still claim to have existed. The organization is claimed to be the code name of an alleged secret committee of scientists, military leaders, and government officials, formed in 1947 by an executive order by U.S. President Harry S. Truman to facilitate recovery and investigation of alien spacecraft. The conspiracy gained notoriety over the years after the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) declared the documents to be "completely bogus", and many ufologists consider them to be an elaborate hoax. Majestic 12 remains popular among some UFO conspiracy theorists and the concept has appeared in popular culture including television, film, video games, and literature.

Code name
A code name, codename, call sign, or cryptonym is a code word or name used, sometimes clandestinely, to refer to another name, word, project, or person. Code names are often used for military purposes, or in espionage. They may also be used in industrial counter-espionage to protect secret projects and the like from business rivals, or to give names to projects whose marketing name has not yet been determined. Another reason for the use of names and phrases in the military is that they transmit with a lower level of cumulative errors over a walkie-talkie or radio link than actual names.

Code names are also used for commercial products, for a variety of reasons. One of them can include that a marketing name has not yet been established during product development.
2022 Golden Grand Prix Ivan Yarygin
The XXXIII Golden Grand Prix Ivan Yarygin 2022, also known as Ivan Yarygin (Yariguin) 2022 is a United World Wrestling freestyle wrestling international tournament, which was held in Krasnoyarsk, Russia between 27 and 30 January 2022.

United World Wrestling
United World Wrestling, abbreviated as UWW, is the international governing body for the sport of Wrestling; its duties include overseeing wrestling at the World Championships and Olympics. It presides over international competitions for various forms of wrestling, including Greco-Roman, freestyle, grappling, and others. The flagship event of UWW is the World Wrestling Championships.
Patryk Dominik Sztyber
Patryk Dominik Sztyber (born 4 August 1979, in Opoczno), stage name Seth, is a Polish heavy metal musician. He is best known for being the guitarist for Behemoth. He is also the guitarist for Polish death metal band Nomad.

Behemoth (band)
Behemoth is a Polish blackened death metal band from Gdańsk, formed in 1991. They are considered to have played an important role in establishing the Polish extreme metal underground with Vader and Hate.

Behemoth have been referred to as "a leading light in the Polish metal scene." The band's releases have received acclaim from major publications. In 2016, the staff of Loudwire named them the 50th-best metal band of all time.
Yuriy Yermakov
Yuriy Volodymyrovych Yermakov (born 3 September 1970) is a Ukrainian gymnast. He competed in seven events at the 1996 Summer Olympics, winning a bronze medal in the men's artistic team all-around event.

Gymnastics at the 1996 Summer Olympics
At the 1996 Summer Olympics, two different gymnastics disciplines were contested: artistic gymnastics and rhythmic gymnastics.  The artistic gymnastics events were held at the Georgia Dome from July 20–25 and July 28–29.  The rhythmic gymnastics events were held at Stegeman Coliseum in nearby Athens, on the campus of the University of Georgia from August 1–4.

The women's rhythmic group all-around was contested for the first time at these Games.
Portugal in the Eurovision Song Contest 2004
Portugal was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2004 with the song "Foi magia", written by Paulo Neves, and performed by Sofia Vitória. The Portuguese participating broadcaster, Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (RTP), organised the national final Festival da Canção 2004 in order to select its entry for the contest. The competition consisted of two shows on 18 and 25 January 2004 where the winner was selected exclusively by public televoting. "Foi magia" performed by Sofia Vitória emerged as the winner with 39,072 votes.

Portugal competed in the semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 12 May 2004. Performing during the show in position 7, "Foi magia" was not announced among the top 10 entries of the semi-final and therefore did not qualify to compete in the final. It was later revealed that Portugal placed fifteenth out of the 22 participating countries in the semi-final with 38 points.

Lúcia Moniz
Ana Lúcia Pereira Moniz (born 9 September 1976) is a Portuguese singer and actress. Moniz represented her country in the Eurovision Song Contest 1996 and has released five music albums to date. She has also acted in several television shows, in theatre, and in films, most prominently in the 2003 British ensemble film Love Actually.
Asian Myrmecology
Asian Myrmecology is a peer-reviewed open access scholarly journal publishing research on Asian myrmecology (ants). It is published by Universiti Malaysia Sabah Press and an official journal of the International Network for Myrmecology in Asia (ANeT). The current editor-in-chief is Adam L. Cronin.

In 2017, the journal won a Current Research in Malaysia (CREAM) award in recognition of commitment to quality, from the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education. In 2018, a paper in this journal won the 'Best Journal Paper' award at the annual Malaysian Scholarly Publishing Council (MAPIM) awards.

Ministry of Higher Education (Malaysia)
The Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE; Malay: Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi; Jawi: کمنترين ڤنديديقن تيڠݢي ‎) is a ministry of the Government of Malaysia that is responsible for higher education, polytechnic, community college, student loan, accreditation, student volunteer. Its main office is in Putrajaya. The ministry was formed on 27 March 2004, merged back into the Ministry of Education on 14 May 2013, but then reformed on 28 July 2015. After the 2018 general election, the ministry became a higher education division under the MOE. In the Muhyiddin cabinet, the higher education division was separated again from the Ministry of Education to form as a new ministry since 10 March 2020.
St. Patrick's Catholic Church (Glynwood, Ohio)
St. Patrick's Church is a historic Roman Catholic church in Glynwood, an unincorporated community in Moulton Township, Auglaize County, Ohio, United States.: 45   Located north of U.S. Route 33 between St. Marys and Wapakoneta,: 45  the church was built in 1883 in the Gothic Revival style.  It is one of many large Catholic churches in a region of rural western Ohio known as the "Land of the Cross-Tipped Churches," which was settled by primarily Catholic immigrants during the nineteenth century.: 2, 6

St. Marys, Ohio
St. Marys is a city in Auglaize County, Ohio, United States. Located in western Ohio, it is 11 miles (18 km) west of Wapakoneta and 20 miles (32 km) east of the Ohio–Indiana border. Founded in 1823, the city is located on a portage between the St. Marys and Auglaize river systems, which was a significant factor in its development before the era of canals. The population was 8,397 at the 2020 census. It is included in the Wapakoneta micropolitan area.
Hoogland
Hoogland (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦoːxlɑnt]) is a village and former free-standing municipality in the province of Utrecht in the Netherlands. It is located north of the Amersfoort city centre. The village population is 10,587 people (2006).

Since 1974, Hoogland has been a part of the municipality of Amersfoort. Until that time, around the 1950s, Hoogland grew vastly in the areas Langenoord and Bieshaar. Nowadays, Hoogland-west is the only outer part of Hoogland which is uncultivated. Although Hoogland got more surrounded by the new housing of Amersfoort (Kattenbroek, Nieuwland and Schothorst), the village characteristics stayed intact.

Utrecht (province)
Utrecht (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈytrɛxt] ⓘ), officially the Province of Utrecht (Dutch: Provincie Utrecht), is a province of the Netherlands. It is located in the centre of the country, bordering the Eemmeer in the north-east, the province of Gelderland in the east and south-east, the province of South Holland in the west and south-west and the province of North Holland in the north-west and north. The province of Utrecht has a population of about 1,388,000 as of January 2023. With a land area of approximately 1,484 square kilometres (573 sq mi), it is the second smallest province in the country. Apart from its eponymous capital, major cities and towns in the province are Amersfoort, Houten, IJsselstein, Nieuwegein, Veenendaal and Zeist. The busiest railway station in the Netherlands, Utrecht Centraal, is located in the province of Utrecht.
Lentibacillus persicus
Lentibacillus persicus is a Gram-positive, endospore-forming, moderately halophilic and facultatively anaerobic bacterium from the genus of Lentibacillus which has been isolated from water from the lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran.

Halophile
A halophile (from the Greek word for 'salt-loving') is an extremophile that thrives in high salt concentrations. In chemical terms, halophile refers to a Lewis acidic species that has some ability to extract halides from other chemical species.

While most halophiles are classified into the domain Archaea, there are also bacterial halophiles and some eukaryotic species, such as the alga Dunaliella salina and fungus Wallemia ichthyophaga. Some well-known species give off a red color from carotenoid compounds, notably bacteriorhodopsin.

Halophiles can be found in water bodies with salt concentration more than five times greater than that of the ocean, such as the Great Salt Lake in Utah, Owens Lake in California, the Lake Urmia in Iran, the Dead Sea, and in evaporation ponds. They are theorized to be a possible analogues for modeling extremophiles that might live in the salty subsurface water ocean of Jupiter's Europa and similar moons.
Erik Enger
Erik Enger (10 April 1927 – 15 June 2016) was a Norwegian physician.

Enger was born in Oslo. He was professor of internal medicine at the University of Oslo, and worked as a physician at Ullevål Hospital from 1973 to 1995. He chaired the ethical council of the Norwegian Medical Association from 1974 to 1985, and contributed to the public debate on medical ethics and jurisprudence.

Norwegian Medical Association
The Norwegian Medical Association (Norwegian: Den norske lægeforening (1886–2008), spelled Den norske legeforening since 2008) is the main Norwegian medical association and trade union, and was founded in 1886. It has 42 497 members (as of 2025) or about 93,2 % of all Norwegian doctors. Anne Karin Rime became president in 2021. It is affiliated with the Federation of Norwegian Professional Associations. The association publishes the Journal of the Norwegian Medical Association, established in 1881.

Governance:

Executive Committee (9 members)

County Divisions (19)

Occupational branches (7)

Specialty Branches (59)
Laura Elena Estrada Rodríguez
Laura Elena Estrada Rodríguez (born 14 September 1952) is a Mexican politician from the National Action Party. From 2009 to 2012 she served as Deputy of the LXI Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Durango, and previously served in the Congress of Durango.

Congress of Durango
The Congress of the State of Durango (Spanish: Congreso del Estado de Durango) is the unicameral legislative branch of the government of the Mexican State of Durango. The Congress is the governmental deliberative body of Durango, which is equal to, and independent of, the executive.

The Congress is unicameral and consists of 25 deputies. Deputies are elected to serve for a three-year term.

The Congress convenes in Durango City, the capital city of the state of Durango.