hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ikiza
The Ikiza (variously translated from Kirundi as the Catastrophe, the Great Calamity, and the Scourge), or the Ubwicanyi (Killings), was a series of mass killings—often characterised as a genocide—which were committed in Burundi in 1972 by the Tutsi-dominated army and government, primarily against educated and elite Hutus who lived in the country. Conservative estimates place the death toll of the event between 100,000 and 150,000 killed, while some estimates of the death toll go as high as 300,000.

Pierre Mulele
Pierre Mulele (11 August 1929 – 3 or 9 October 1968) was a Congolese rebel active in the Kwilu rebellion of 1964. Mulele had also been minister of education in Patrice Lumumba's cabinet. With the assassination of Lumumba in January 1961 and the arrest of his recognised deputy Antoine Gizenga one year later, Mulele became one of the top Lumumbists determined to continue the struggle. He went to Cairo as the representative of the Lumumbists' Congo National Liberation Committee based in Brazzaville. From Cairo he proceeded to China in 1963 to receive military training, and also took a group of Congolese youths with him, who received training in guerrilla tactics. Mulele was lured out of exile after Mobutu Sese Seko promised him amnesty. However, once Mulele returned to the Congo, Mobutu had him tortured and executed.  He was a member of the Bapende ethnic group.
Ruth F. Curtain
Ruth F. Curtain (16 July 1941 – 18 March 2018) was an Australian mathematician who worked for many years in the Netherlands as a professor of mathematics at the University of Groningen. Her research concerned infinite-dimensional linear systems.

Linear system
In systems theory, a linear system is a mathematical model of a system based on the use of a linear operator.
Linear systems typically exhibit features and properties that are much simpler than the nonlinear case.
As a mathematical abstraction or idealization, linear systems find important applications in automatic control theory, signal processing, and telecommunications. For example, the propagation medium for wireless communication systems can often be
modeled by linear systems.
P. G. Narayanan
Thiru P. G. Narayanan an Indian politician from All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party is an incumbent member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the Bhavani constituency. He is a former Member of the Parliament of India representing Tamil Nadu in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament.

He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from Bhavani constituency in 1980, and 1984 elections.

1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election
The eighth legislative assembly election for Tamil Nadu was held on 24 December 1984. All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) won the election and its general secretary, incumbent M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R) was sworn in as Chief Minister, for the third time. The election victory was mainly attributed to the sympathy wave created by Indira Gandhi's assassination and M.G.R's illness coupled with Rajiv Gandhi's popularity. This is the last election M.G.R contested as he died in office in 1987. This is also the only general election which M. Karunanidhi did not contest since 1957 until his death, as he sought to avoid a direct, disadvantageous contest due to a volatile political climate. As now, this is the last election where the ruling party gained seats.
History of the Athletics
The history of the Athletics Major League Baseball franchise spans the period from 1901 to the present day, having begun as a charter member franchise in the new American League in Philadelphia before moving to Kansas City in 1955 for 13 seasons and then to the San Francisco Bay in Oakland, California, in 1968 for 57 seasons. The team endured numerous attendance issues stemming from the aging Oakland Coliseum before the MLB owners approved the team's application to relocate to Las Vegas, Nevada in 2023. With four locations, the A's have had the most homes of any MLB team.

1969 Oakland Athletics season
The 1969 Oakland Athletics season was the 69th season for the Oakland Athletics franchise, all as members of the American League, and their 2nd season in Oakland. The Athletics finished the season with a record of 88 wins and 74 losses. With its expansion to 12 teams in 1969, the American League had been divided into two 6-team divisions. In their first year in the newly established American League West, the Athletics finished second, nine games behind the Minnesota Twins. It was the first time they had finished in the first place in a division since 1952 Philadelphia Athletics season. Paid attendance for the season was 778,232.
Guard (Vichy France)
The Guard (French: La Garde) was a military force in Vichy France, created from the Mobile Republican Guard after it was dissolved in November 1940. It is now the modern Mobile Gendarmerie.

The Guard should not be confused with the new units created by the government of Vichy France, notably the Groupes mobiles de réserve (GMR) that belonged to the National Police (whose postwar successor were the Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité) or with the Garde du Maréchal (which were part of the National Gendarmerie).

Government of Vichy France
The Government of Vichy France was the collaborationist ruling regime or government in Nazi-occupied France during the Second World War. Of contested legitimacy, it was finally headquartered in the town of Vichy in occupied France, but it initially took shape in Bordeaux under Marshal Philippe Pétain as the successor to the French Third Republic in June 1940. The government remained in Vichy for four years, but was escorted to Germany in September 1944 after the Allied invasion of France. It then operated as a government-in-exile until April 1945, when the Sigmaringen enclave was taken by so-called Free French forces. Pétain was permitted to travel back to France (through Switzerland), by then under control of the technically illegal Provisional French Republic, and subsequently put on trial for treason.
Educational Pictures
Educational Pictures, also known as Educational Film Exchanges, Inc. or Educational Films Corporation of America, was an American film production and film distribution company founded in 1916 by Earle (E. W.) Hammons (1882–1962). Educational primarily distributed short subjects; it is best known for its series of comedies starring Buster Keaton and the earliest screen appearances of Shirley Temple (1932–34). The company ceased production in 1938, and finally closed in 1940 when its film library was sold at an auction.

Al St. John
Alfred St. John (September 10, 1892 – January 21, 1963) was an early American motion-picture comedian. He was a nephew of silent film star Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle, with whom he often performed on screen. Also credited as Al Saint John and "Fuzzy" St. John, he was employed by Mack Sennett and also worked with many other leading players such as Charlie Chaplin, Buster Keaton and Mabel Normand. His film career successfully transitioned from the silent era into sound, and by the late 1930s and 1940s he was working predominantly in Westerns, often portraying the scruffy comedy-relief character "Fuzzy Q. Jones". Among his notable performances in that role are in the "Billy the Kid" series of films released by the Producers Releasing Corporation from 1940 to 1946 and in that company's "Lone Rider" series from 1941 to 1943.
Ledmozero
Ledmozero (Russian: Ледмозеро; Karelian: Liedmajärvi; Finnish: Lietmajärvi) is a settlement in the northern part of Muyezersky District in the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located 7 kilometers (4.3 mi) south-east of Lake Ledmozero. Population: 2,923 (1989 Soviet census).

In 1905, the population of the settlement consisted of six peasant families comprising 12 males and 18 females.

The settlement is connected to Kochkoma by the Ledmozero–Kochkoma Railway, a part of the Oktyabrskaya Railway system.

October Railway
Oktyabrskaya Railway or October Railway (Russian: Октябрьская железная дорога) is the subsidiary of RZD, servicing railway lines in the north-west of Russia. It stretches from Moscow's Leningrad Terminal in the south to Murmansk beyond the Arctic Circle in the north. The total length of the lines is over 10,000 km. The headquarters are located in Saint Petersburg.

The first railway in Russia connecting Saint Petersburg to Tsarskoye Selo, 27.9 km long, commissioned in 1837, is a part of the Oktyabrskaya Railway. So is the Moscow – Saint Petersburg Railway, the second oldest and one of the busiest lines in Russia, opened in 1851. Connecting Line, the first non-passenger line, is also included. The railway also includes the main line towards Tallinn (as far as the Estonian border), providing the track for GO Rail trains to Saint Petersburg.
Surrender (Paul Haig song)
"Surrender" is a 1993 single by Paul Haig, and his last single to appear on the Belgian independent label, Les Disques Du Crepuscule.  It was released on 5" CD in March 1993.

The single was culled from the then recent Coincidence vs Fate album.  It is a cover of the Suicide song and was written by Martin Rev and Alan Vega.

The extra tracks on the CD were an instrumental, "Coincidence vs Fate", which  did not appear on the album (though is included as an extra track for the LTM 2003 reissue) and a re-working of an older Paul Haig single, "Heaven Help You Now", renamed "Heaven Help You Now '93".  This version was remixed in New York City by Mantronik.

Kurtis Mantronik
Kurtis el Khaleel (born Graham Curtis el Khaleel, September 4, 1965), known by the stage name Kurtis Mantronik, is a Jamaican-born hip hop and electronic musician, DJ, remixer, and producer. He was the leader, DJ, and keyboardist of the influential 1980s hip hop and electro-funk group Mantronix. He currently lives in South Africa where he has produced and remixed house and techno music tracks by artists such as India, Junior Senior, Kylie Minogue, Fatboy Slim, the Chemical Brothers, Michael Gray, Victoria Beckham, Liberty X, S Club, and Mim. Mantronik was influential in the development of hip hop music: notably, he laid the foundations for Southern hip hop genres such as Miami bass and trap music, and helped popularize the Amen break.
Double-banded plover
The double-banded plover (Anarhynchus bicinctus), known as the banded dotterel or pohowera in New Zealand, is a species of bird in the plover family. Two subspecies are recognised: the nominate Charadrius bicinctus bicinctus, which breeds throughout New Zealand, including the Chatham Islands, and Charadrius bicinctus exilis, which breeds in New Zealand's subantarctic Auckland Islands.

Plover
Plovers (/ˈplʌvər/ PLUV-ər, also US: /ˈploʊvər/ PLOH-vər) are members of a widely distributed group of wading birds of the subfamily Charadriinae. The term "plover" applies to all the members of the subfamily, though only about half of them include it in their name.
NGC 5915
NGC 5915 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation of Libra. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 2449 ± 13 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 36.12 ± 2.54 Mpc (~118 million light-years). It was discovered by British astronomer John Herschel on 5 June 1836.

NGC 5915 forms a galaxy triplet due to gravitational interactions with NGC 5916 and NGC 5916A (also known as PGC 54779).

One supernova has been observed in NGC 5915: SN 2023cpt (Type Ic, mag 17.1) was discovered by ATLAS on 27 February 2023.

Type Ib and Ic supernovae
Type Ib and Type Ic supernovae are categories of supernovae that are caused by the stellar core collapse of massive  stars. These stars have shed or been stripped of their outer envelope of hydrogen, and, when compared to the spectrum of Type Ia supernovae, they lack the absorption line of silicon. Compared to Type Ib, Type Ic supernovae are hypothesized to have lost more of their initial envelope, including most of their helium.
Williams Olefins Plant explosion
The Williams Olefins Plant explosion occurred on June 13, 2013 at a petrochemical plant located in Geismar, an unincorporated and largely industrial area 20 miles (32 km) southeast of Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Two workers were killed and 114 injured. The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) launched investigations to determine how and why the heat exchanger failed. The Chemical Safety Board concluded that a standby heat exchanger had filled with hydrocarbons. This heat exchanger was isolated from its pressure relief; shortly after the heat exchanger was heated with hot water, the hydrocarbons flashed to vapor, ruptured the heat exchanger, and exploded.

The effects of the explosion were felt several miles away. A shelter-in-place order was issued to residences and businesses within a two-mile (3.2 km) radius of the plant.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA; /ˈoʊʃə/) is a regulatory agency of the United States Department of Labor that originally had federal visitorial powers to inspect and examine workplaces.: 12, 16  The United States Congress established the agency under the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act), which President Richard M. Nixon signed into law on December 29, 1970. OSHA's mission is to "assure safe and healthy working conditions for working men and women by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education, and assistance". The agency is also charged with enforcing a variety of whistleblower statutes and regulations. OSHA's workplace safety inspections have been shown to reduce injury rates and injury costs without adverse effects on employment, sales, credit ratings, or firm survival.
Snuppy
Snuppy (Korean: 스너피, romanized: Seuneopi, a portmanteau of "SNU" and "puppy"; April 24, 2005 – May 2015) was an Afghan hound, the first dog clone. The puppy was created using a cell from an ear from an adult Afghan hound and involved 123 surrogate mothers, of which only two produced pups (Snuppy being the sole survivor). The Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology at Seoul National University, which cloned Snuppy, was led by Woo Suk Hwang. Snuppy has since been used in the first known successful breeding between cloned canines after his sperm was used to artificially inseminate two cloned females, which resulted in the birth of 10 puppies in 2008. In 2017, 4 clones of Snuppy were made by Sooam, and were the first clones made of a cloned dog, to investigate potential health effects of cloning.

Estrous cycle
The estrous cycle (from Latin  oestrus 'frenzy', originally from Ancient Greek  οἶστρος (oîstros) 'gadfly') is a set of recurring physiological changes induced by reproductive hormones in females of mammalian subclass Theria. Estrous cycles start after sexual maturity in females and are interrupted by anestrous phases, otherwise known as "rest" phases, or by pregnancies. Typically, estrous cycles repeat until death. These cycles are widely variable in duration and frequency depending on the species. Some animals may display bloody vaginal discharge, often mistaken for menstruation. Many mammals used in commercial agriculture, such as cattle and sheep, may have their estrous cycles artificially controlled with hormonal medications for optimum productivity. The male equivalent, seen primarily in ruminants, is called rut.
Tonje Daffinrud
Tonje Frydenberg Daffinrud (born 19 September 1991) is a retired Norwegian professional golfer. She played on the Ladies European Tour between 2015 and 2021, and represented Norway at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.

Swedish Golf Tour (women)
The Swedish Golf Tour for women, since 2022 known as the Ahlsell Nordic Golf Tour for sponsorship reasons, is a professional golf tour for women held in Sweden and neighboring countries since 1986.

Before the establishment of the Ladies European Tour (LET) development tour, LET Access Series (LETAS) in 2010, the tour was the first official feeder tour for the LET. Starting in 2012 selected tournaments have been incorporated in the LETAS schedule, and since 2021, all scheduled tournaments.

The organization that runs the tour operate a corresponding men's Swedish Golf Tour, founded in 1984. The operating company, Svenska Golftourerna AB, was founded in 1988 jointly by the PGA of Sweden and the Swedish Golf Federation (SGF), to organize the two Swedish Golf Tours for men and women. Its first chairperson was Ola Öqvist. In 2018, the SGF became the sole owner and operator.
1973 Pitcairnese general election
General elections were held on Pitcairn Island on 25 December 1973. Ivan Christian was elected as chair of the Internal Committee, with Thelma Brown and Carol Christian elected to the Island Council, becoming its first two female members. All three were elected unopposed.

Ivan Christian
Ivan Roa Christian (31 May 1919 – 1991) was a politician from Pitcairn. He was the Chief Magistrate of Pitcairn Island from 1976 to 1984. As his surname suggests, he is descended from the original mutineers who settled the island, led by Fletcher Christian. He is related to a number of other island leaders, including his father Richard Edgar Christian, his uncle Charles Richard Parkin Christian and his great-grandfather Thursday October Christian II. Through his marriage to Verna Young, he is the father of Steve Christian and Brenda Christian.
Robbie Williams (cricketer)
Robert Edward Morgan Williams (born 19 January 1987) is an English former professional cricketer.

Born at Pembury in Kent, Williams made his first-class debut for Durham University Centre of Cricketing Excellence in three matches during 2007 as a six-foot right-arm medium-fast bowler, before impressing for the Middlesex second XI. He made his List A and County Championship debuts for Middlesex in September 2007. Opening the bowling with Steven Finn versus Essex, he achieved the distinction of taking five wickets in his first innings in county cricket. He dismissed Tom Westley, Tim Phillips, Essex captain Mark Pettini, Graham Napier and centurion Grant Flower. His figures were 28.4-4-112-5.

Williams signed for Leicestershire on a one-year deal at the end of the 2012 domestic season, after being released by Middlesex.

Durham University Centre of Cricketing Excellence
Durham University Centre of Cricketing Excellence (Durham UCCE), known as Durham MCC University (Durham MCCU) from 2010 to 2020, is a cricket coaching centre based at Durham University in Durham, County Durham, England, and the name under which the Durham University Cricket Club (DUCC) first team plays.
Julie Norman Leth
Julie Norman Leth; né Leth; (born 13 July 1992) is a Danish racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Women's World Team Uno-X Mobility. She competed in the 2013 UCI women's road race in Florence. Leth joined the Wiggle High5 team in 2017. In December 2018, Bigla Pro Cycling announced that Leth would join them for the following season, after Wiggle High5 folded.

UCI Women's Team
A UCI Women's Team is a women's road bicycle team sanctioned by the International Cycling Union (UCI). These teams compete in the major women's bicycle races, including the UCI Women's World Tour. The country designation of each team is determined by the country of registration of most of its riders and is not necessarily the country where the team is registered or based.
Kaniv Reservoir
The Kaniv Reservoir (Ukrainian: Канівське водосховище, romanized: Kanivs'ke vodoskhovyshche) is a reservoir located on the Dnieper river in the Ukrainian oblasts of Cherkasy and Kyiv. Named after the city of Kaniv, the reservoir has a length of 162 km, a maximum width of 5 km, an area of 675 km2, an average depth of 5.5 meters, and a volume of 2.6 km3. Its water level is maintained by a dam of the Kaniv Hydroelectric Power Plant, built in 1972.

The Kaniv, Kakhovka, Dnieper, Kamianske, Kremenchuk, and Kyiv reservoirs form the Dnieper reservoir cascade, a deep-water route on the Dnieper that allows ships to sail upstream as far as the Prypiat river.

Kaniv Hydroelectric Power Plant
Kaniv Hydroelectric Power Plant is a hydroelectricity generating complex on the Dnieper river in Kaniv, Ukraine. It is operated by Ukrhydroenego, a subsidiary of the state-owned Energy Company of Ukraine. The dam has a 288 by 18 metres (945 ft × 59 ft) single-stage, single chamber lock to enable travel along the Dnieper river.
Jason Holt
Jason Derek Holt (born 19 February 1993) is a Scottish professional footballer, who plays as a midfielder for Scottish Championship club St Johnstone.

Holt has also previously played for Heart of Midlothian, Raith Rovers, Sheffield United, Fleetwood Town and St Johnstone, the latter two while on loan from Rangers. He represented Scotland at under-19, under-20 and under-21 level.

PFA Scotland Team of the Year
The Professional Footballers' Association Scotland Team of the Year (often called the PFA Scotland Team of the Year, or simply the Team of the Year) is an annual award given to a set of 44 footballers in the four national tiers of the Scottish football league system, who are seen to be deserving of being named in a "Team of the Year". The award is compiled by the members of the players' trade union, Professional Footballers' Association Scotland (PFA Scotland), with the winners then being voted for by the other players in their respective divisions. The award was instituted in the 2006–07 season. In that first season, the award was voted for by the managers in each division.

The award was expanded to include the Scottish Women's Premier League (SWPL) in 2021–22.
Hreljin Viaduct
Hreljin Vidauct is located between the Vrata and Oštrovica interchanges of the A6 motorway in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Croatia, just to the west of Tuhobić Tunnel. It is 544.85 metres (1,787.6 ft) long. The viaduct consists of two parallel structures: The first one was completed in 1995 by Hidroelektra, and the second one in 2008 by Konstruktor. The viaduct is tolled within the A6 motorway ticket system and there are no separate toll plazas associated with use of the viaduct. The viaduct was designed by Hidroelektra.

Konstruktor-Split
Konstruktor inženjering d.d. is a Croatian construction company which was founded in 1945 as "Konstruktor-Split" in Split, Yugoslavia (today's Croatia).

Konstruktor was the first construction company in Dalmatia. Since 2006 Konstruktor inženjering d.d. is a holder of ISO 9001:2000 Certificate.
Jean-Michel Duroy
Jean-Michel Duroy (16 December 1753, Bernay, Eure–16 June 1795, Paris) was a French député for the The Mountain to the Legislative Assembly then the National Convention.

He was a member of the national convention, backed the Mountain, and voted for the execution of the king.  He took part in the suppression of a revolt in Normandy.

He supported the Revolt of 1 Prairial Year III (20 May 1795), for which he was tried and executed by guillotine.

Legislative Assembly (France)
The Legislative Assembly (French: Assemblée législative, [asɑ̃ble leʒislativ]) was the legislature of the Kingdom of France from 1 October 1791 to 20 September 1792 during the years of the French Revolution. It provided the focus of political debate and revolutionary law-making between the periods of the National Constituent Assembly and National Convention. The Legislative Assembly saw an unprecedented turnover of four ministers of Justice, four ministers of the Navy, six ministers of the Interior, seven ministers of Foreign Affairs, and eight ministers of War.
1935 Coupe de France final
The 1935 Coupe de France final was a football match held at Stade Olympique Yves-du-Manoir, Colombes on 5 May 1935, that saw Olympique de Marseille defeat Stade Rennais UC 3–0 thanks to goals by Charles Roviglione, Vilmos Kohut and an own goal by Jean Laurent.

Stade Yves-du-Manoir
The Stade Yves-du-Manoir (officially Stade olympique Yves-du-Manoir, also known as the Stade olympique de Colombes, or simply Colombes to the locals) is a rugby, track, and association football stadium in Colombes, near Paris, France.