hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph Couturier de Fournoue
Joseph Couturier de Fournoue ( — 29 June 1801) was a French Navy officer. He served in the War of American Independence, earning a membership in the Society of Cincinnati and the knighthood in the Order of Saint Louis.

Society of the Cincinnati
The Society of the Cincinnati is a fraternal, hereditary society founded in 1783 to commemorate the American Revolutionary War that saw the creation of the United States. Membership is largely restricted to descendants of military officers who served in the Continental Army.

The Society has thirteen constituent societies in the United States and one in France. It was founded to perpetuate "the remembrance of this vast event" (the achievement of American Independence), "to preserve inviolate those exalted rights and liberties of human nature," and "to render permanent the cordial affection subsisting among the officers" of the Continental Army who served in the Revolutionary War.

Now in its third century, the Society promotes public interest in the Revolution through its library and museum collections, publications, and other activities. It is the oldest patriotic, hereditary society in the United States.
Iron Man (Minnesota statue)
The Iron Man statue is a figure of an iron miner located at the entrance to the Minnesota Discovery Center 1.28 kilometres (0.80 mi) outside of Chisholm, Minnesota. It is 85-foot-tall (26 m), including the 36-foot-tall figure (11 m), and was completed in 1987 out of iron ore by Jack E. Anderson.  The brass-and-copper 36-foot Iron Man is balanced atop a 49-foot structure of steel and is a tribute to the men who labored in the open-pit mines when the mining industry boomed on the Iron Range of northern Minnesota.  The work is titled The Emergence of Man Through Steel and is the fifth-largest freestanding statue in the United States.

Minnesota Discovery Center
The Minnesota Discovery Center, formerly known as Ironworld Discovery Center and originally as the Iron Range Interpretive Center, opened in the 1977 outside Chisholm, Minnesota, United States. It showcases northeastern Minnesota's "history and future" and includes a museum, entertainment venue, research center and library, and a park. The site offers various community programs and events including Polka fests, concerts, and fairs. The property includes a memorial to Rudy Perpich and holds historical documents and artifacts related to mining in the Iron Range.
Dietschibergbahn
Dietschibergbahn was a funicular railway at Lucerne, Switzerland. The line ran from the city to Dietschiberg at 628 m. The hill, 210 m above Lake Lucerne, was also known as "Little Rigi" (Kleiner Rigi). The line had length of 1240 m and an incline between 9 and 25%. The funicular with two cars had a single track with a passing loop. After the restaurant burned down in 1977, the funicular ceased operations in September 1978.

Funicular
A funicular (/fjuːˈnɪkjʊlər, f(j)ʊ-, f(j)ə-/ few-NIK-yoo-lər, f(y)uu-, f(j)ə-), or funicular railway, is a type of cable railway system that connects points along a railway track laid on a steep slope. The system is characterized by two counterbalanced carriages (also called cars or trains) permanently attached to opposite ends of a haulage cable, which is looped over a pulley at the upper end of the track. The result of such a configuration is that the two carriages move synchronously: as one ascends, the other descends at an equal speed. This feature distinguishes funiculars from inclined elevators, which have a single car that is hauled uphill.

The term funicular derives from the Latin word funiculus, the diminutive of funis, meaning 'rope'.
Mollyhawk Island
Mollyhawk Island (54°1′S 37°19′W﻿ / ﻿54.017°S 37.317°W﻿ / -54.017; -37.317) is a small, tussock-covered island lying between Seaward Rock and Crescent Island in the northern part of the Bay of Isles, South Georgia. It was charted in 1912–13 by Robert Cushman Murphy, an American naturalist aboard the brig Daisy. The island was surveyed in 1929–30 by Discovery Investigations personnel and named in association with Albatross Island, Prion Island and other natural history names in the Bay of Isles given by Murphy, "mollyhawk" being a name for a type of young gull.

Robert Cushman Murphy
Robert Cushman Murphy (April 29, 1887 – March 20, 1973) was an American ornithologist and Lamont Curator of birds at the American Museum of Natural History. He went on numerous oceanic expeditions and was an expert on marine birds, and wrote several major books on them. He described a species of petrel which is now known as Murphy's petrel. Mount Murphy in Antarctica and Murphy Wall in South Georgia are named after him.
Vatican City during World War II
Vatican City pursued a policy of neutrality during World War II under the leadership of Pope Pius XII. Although the city of Rome was occupied by Nazi Germany from September 1943 and the Allies from June 1944, Vatican City itself was not occupied. The Vatican organised extensive humanitarian aid throughout the duration of the conflict.

The Scarlet and the Black
The Scarlet and the Black is a 1983 Italian-American international co-production made-for-television historical war drama film directed by Jerry London, and starring Gregory Peck and Christopher Plummer. Based on J. P. Gallagher's book The Scarlet Pimpernel of the Vatican (published in 1967), the film tells the story of Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty, a real-life Irish Catholic priest who saved thousands of Jews and escaped Allied POWs in Rome. CBS distributed more than 500,000 scripts of The Scarlet and the Black to students in elementary and high schools throughout the country, to be read aloud in class to stimulate student interest in English and history. The title The Scarlet and the Black is a reference not only to the black cassock and scarlet sash worn by monsignors and bishops in the Catholic Church, but also to the dominant colors of Nazi Party regalia.
Matawan Regional High School
Matawan Regional High School is a four-year regional public high school located in Aberdeen Township, United States, serving students in ninth through twelfth grades as the lone secondary school of the Matawan-Aberdeen Regional School District. Serving students from Aberdeen Township and Matawan, it is one of Monmouth County's largest schools. The school has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools since 1951. The school mascot is a husky.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,154 students and 97.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.9:1. There were 176 students (15.3% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 56 (4.9% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Secondary education in the United States
Secondary education is the last six or seven years of statutory formal education in the United States. It reaches the climax with twelfth grade (age 17–18). Whether it begins with sixth grade (age 11–12) or seventh grade (age 12–13) varies by state and sometimes by school district.

Secondary education in the United States occurs in two phases. The first, as classified by the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), is the lower secondary phase, either called a middle school or junior high school. A middle school is for students sixth grade, seventh grade and eighth grade and a junior high school is only for students in seventh and eighth grade.

The second is the ISCED upper secondary phase, a high school or senior high school for students ninth grade through twelfth grade. There is some debate over the optimum age of transfer, and variation in some states; also, middle school often includes grades that are almost always considered primary school.
Ministry of Lands, Country Planning and the Environment
The Sierra Leone Ministry of Lands, Country Planning and the Environment is a Sierra Leonean government department in charge of implementing policy as regards planning and the environment. Their offices are located on the 3rd floor of the Youyi Building, Brookfields, Freetown.

The Permanent Secretary is Israel  B. K.Jigba

In 2015 the State Land Committee was reconstituted, and the Land Recovery Unit, a complaints and standards committee was set up.

Demographics of Sierra Leone
The demographics of Sierra Leone are made up of an indigenous population from 18 ethnic groups. The Temne in the north and the Mende in the south are the largest. About 60,000 are Krio, the descendants of freed slaves who returned to Sierra Leone from Great Britain, North America and slave ships captured on the high seas.

In the past, some Sierra Leoneans were noted for their educational achievements, trading activity, entrepreneurial skills, and arts and crafts work, particularly woodcarving. Many are part of larger ethnic networks extending into several countries, which link West African states in the area. Their level of education and infrastructure have declined sharply over the last 30 years.
Vanderhaeghe
Vanderhaeghe is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Guy Vanderhaeghe (born 1951), Canadian writer

Margaret Elizabeth Vanderhaeghe (1950–2012), Canadian artist

Yves Vanderhaeghe (born 1970), Belgian footballer and manager

Guy Vanderhaeghe
Guy Clarence Vanderhaeghe OC SOM (born April 5, 1951) is a Canadian novelist and short story writer, best known for his Western novel trilogy, The Englishman's Boy, The Last Crossing, and A Good Man set in the 19th-century American and Canadian West. Vanderhaeghe has won three Governor General's Awards for his fiction, one for his short story collection Man Descending in 1982, the second for his novel The Englishman's Boy in 1996, and the third for his short story collection Daddy Lenin and Other Stories in 2015.
Lake Ianthe
Lake Ianthe (Māori: Matahi; officially Lake Ianthe / Matahi) is a lake located on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island.  A number of small streams flow into the lake and it empties into the Wanganui River.  It is close to the coast and near the rural settlements of Pukekura and Hari Hari, and State Highway 6 runs along the eastern shore of the lake on its route between Ross and the Franz Josef Glacier.

The lake is popular for boating, swimming, and trout fishing.   In the early 20th century, a privately run bush tramway was established from the end of the New Zealand Railways Department's Ross Branch railway to logging interests in the Lake Ianthe area.  This bush tramway was closed in 1959 when the sawmilling operation that owned the line shut down.

Following the passage of the Ngāi Tahu Claims Settlement Act 1998, the name of the lake was officially altered to Lake Ianthe / Matahi.

Ngāi Tahu Claims Settlement Act 1998
The Ngāi Tahu Claims Settlement Act 1998 is an act of parliament passed in New Zealand relating to Ngāi Tahu, the principal Māori iwi (tribe) of the South Island. The act's purpose is to settle all of the tribe's claims under the Treaty of Waitangi, and to record an apology to Ngai Tahu from the Crown, in regard to past failures to protect the tribe's interests. The act is administered by the Office of Treaty Settlements.

It was negotiated in part by Henare Rakiihia Tau. The documents in relation to the Ngāi Tahu land settlement claim are held at Tūranga, the main public library in Christchurch.

Schedule 96 "Alteration of place names" contains a list of places that received official name changes to dual English and Māori names, such as Aoraki / Mount Cook.
Betzenhausen
Betzenhausen (German pronunciation: [bɛtsn̩ˈhaʊzn̩]) is a quarter in the west of Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany. It consists of the statistical districts Alt-Betzenhausen and Betzenhausen-Bischofslinde.

Neighbouring districts are Mooswald to the north, Stühlinger to the east, Weingarten to the south and Lehen to the west.

Freiburg Stühlinger
Stühlinger (German pronunciation: [ˈʃtyːlɪŋɐ]) is a district to the west of the historic city center of Freiburg im Breisgau. In December 2013, 18,300 residents lived in the neighborhood. There are three boroughs: Stühlinger-Beurbarung, Stühlinger-Eschholz and Alt-Stühlinger. Although historically correct, the railroad Freiburg-Colmar is the north end of the Stühlinger and therefore Stühlinger-Beurbarung is not part of the district anymore. The district borders the area of the central train station of the Deutsche Bahn AG to the east, the river Dreisam to the south, tracks of the railroad freight transportation to the west and the district Brühl to the north.
Historic Curatorship Program
The Massachusetts Historic Curatorship Program is a leasing program under the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR) that promotes private investment in historic, public properties that are currently empty and in various states of disrepair. Through the Program, a curator is selected to restore and maintain one of the Program's properties in a “work for credit” exchange system. A curator is chosen through an open application process that can be found on the DCR's website. Average lease terms range from twenty to thirty years. As of 2021, twenty-two of the Program's properties were under agreement. The Program includes residential, commercial and institutional properties that are significant to the history of the Commonwealth.

Topsfield, Massachusetts
United States portal

Topsfield is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 6,569 at the 2020 census. Topsfield is located in the North Shore region of Massachusetts. Part of the town comprises the census-designated place of Topsfield.
Hasan Doğan Sports Hall
Hasan Doğan Sports Hall (Turkish: Hasan Doğan Spor Salonu) is a multi-purpose indoor sport venue located in Canik district of Samsun Province, northern Turkey.
It was named in honor of Hasan Doğan (1956–2008), who served as the president of the Turkish Football Federation.

The sports hall hosts basketball and volleyball competitions. It is the home ground of the women's basketball team of 
Canik belediyespor.

Hasan Doğan
Hasan Doğan (15 March 1956 – 5 July 2008) was the 37th president of the Turkish Football Federation. He died of a heart attack in Bodrum, a popular tourist destination in the southwest Turkish Riviera, where he was on vacation. He was incumbent for a relatively short period, beginning on 14 February 2008 and serving until his death on 5 July 2008.

During his presidency, the Turkey national team qualified for the semi-finals at UEFA Euro 2008, held in Austria and Switzerland.

The 2015–16 season of the Turkish Süper Lig was named in his honour.
Binnelanders
Binnelanders (previously Binneland and Binneland Sub Judice) is a South African Afrikaans soap opera. It is set in and around the fictional private hospital, Binneland Kliniek, in Pretoria, and the storyline follows the trials, trauma and tribulations of the staff and patients of the hospital. The series is produced by Friedrich and Elsje Stark of Stark Productions.Hans Strydom is the only cast member to be present in every season.

Private hospital
A private hospital is a hospital not owned by the government, including for-profit and non-profit hospitals. Funding is by patients themselves ("self-pay"), by insurers, or by foreign embassies. Private hospitals are commonly part, albeit in varying degrees, of the majority of healthcare systems around the world.
Mahadaji Pant Guruji
Mahadaji Ballal Karkare (also known as Mahadaji Pant 'Guruji') was an accountant, Special Envoy of Peshwas, tutor and advisor of Peshwa Madhavrao I and Sawai Madhavrao. He was preceptor of Peshwa Madhavrao (I), when he was a child. He afterwards became Peshwa's domestic priest. Later he was his private treasurer. (Reference: History Book: Tawareekh-E-ShindeShahi)

Diplomatic rank
Diplomatic rank is a system of professional and social rank used in the world of diplomacy and international relations. A diplomat's rank determines many ceremonial details, such as the order of precedence at official processions, table seatings at state dinners, the person to whom diplomatic credentials should be presented, and the title by which the diplomat should be addressed.
College of Micronesia-FSM
The College of Micronesia-FSM (COM-FSM) is a public community college in the Federated States of Micronesia. It began operation in 1963 as the Micronesian Teacher Education Center.

The college has a state campus in each of the states (Chuuk Campus, Kosrae Campus, Yap Campus) with its national campus in the capital of Palikir, Pohnpei. Pohnpei Campus located in Kolonia later became the CTEC Campus. The COM-FSM system also includes the Fisheries and Maritime Institute (FMI) on the Yap islands.

Yap
Yap (Yapese: Waqab, sometimes written as Wa'ab, Waab or Waqaab) traditionally refers to an island group located in the Caroline Islands of the western Pacific Ocean, a part of Yap State. The name "Yap" in recent years has come to also refer to the state within the Federated States of Micronesia, inclusive of the Yap Main Islands and its various outer islands, the Yap Neighboring Islands. For specifying the island group, the name Yap Main Islands is most exact.
Félix Pie
Félix Pie Dofen (/ˈpiːeɪ/ PEE-ay; born February 8, 1985) is a Dominican former professional baseball outfielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago Cubs, Baltimore Orioles, and Pittsburgh Pirates. Pie also played in the KBO League for the Hanwha Eagles and in the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) for the Uni-President 7-Eleven Lions.

Pie was born to Haitian immigrants in the Dominican Republic.

Iowa Cubs
The Iowa Cubs are a Minor League Baseball team of the International League and the Triple-A affiliate of the Chicago Cubs. They are located in Des Moines, Iowa, and are named for their Major League Baseball (MLB) affiliate. The Cubs have played their home games at Principal Park since 1992, replacing Sec Taylor Stadium which the Cubs used from 1969 to 1991.

The club was established as the Iowa Oaks of the Triple-A American Association in 1969. Iowa took on the Cubs moniker in 1982. They joined the Triple-A Pacific Coast League in 1998 following the dissolution of the American Association after the 1997 season. In conjunction with MLB's reorganization of Minor League Baseball in 2021, the Cubs were shifted to the Triple-A East, which was renamed the International League in 2022.

The only league title in franchise history is the 1993 American Association championship.
Hôtel de Ville, Chartres
The Hôtel de Ville (French pronunciation: [otɛl də vil], City Hall) is a municipal building in Chartres, Eure-et-Loir, northern France, standing on Rue de la Mairie. The building was designated a monument historique by the French government in 1939.

Eure-et-Loir
Eure-et-Loir (French pronunciation: [œʁ‿e lwaʁ], locally: [øʁ‿e lwaʁ]) is a French department, named after the Eure and Loir rivers. It is located in the region of Centre-Val de Loire. In 2019, Eure-et-Loir had a population of 431,575.
Tennis at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Tennis was one of the 28 sports that was held at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. The competition which was held from 19-28 September at the NSW Tennis Centre, saw four gold medals being contested with them being in the singles and doubles of both sexes.

The format at the 2000 Olympics was a single-elimination tournament with the men's and women's singles being 64 players. They competed in six rounds of competition in the singles and five rounds in the doubles (sizes of 32). The format consisted of three set matches with five set matches being only played in the men's singles and doubles final.

The United States finished on top of the medal table with two gold medals as Venus Williams won both the women's singles and doubles with Serena Williams. In the men's events, Yevgeny Kafelnikov from Russia secured the men's singles title while Canadian pair, Sébastien Lareau and Daniel Nestor took the men's doubles.

Canada at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Canada competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, held from 15 September to 1 October 2000. 294 competitors, 150 men, and 144 women, took part in 175 events in 29 sports.

The final days of the Olympics for Canada were somewhat overshadowed by the death of Pierre Trudeau, the country's 15th prime minister. When the closing ceremonies took place, he was lying in state, allowing Canadians to travel to Ottawa to pay their respects.

Olympic scholar Bob Barney felt that Canada needed to specialize in the Olympics, rather than trying to be compete at too many sports. He also that felt that Canada's medal count at the 2000 Summer Olympics, was due to a lack of government funding, and poor planning to develop high performance athletes.
Faizal Maksum
Faizal Maksum was one of the leaders of an anti-Soviet group known as the Basmachi and led an organized resistance against the Soviet military occupation of Central Asia in the 1920s. Maksum was loyal to the ousted Emir of Bukhara and operated primarily on the border of the Soviet republic of Tajikistan and Afghanistan.

Emirate of Bukhara
The Emirate of Bukhara was an Uzbek absolute monarchy in Central Asia that existed from 1785 to 1920 in what is now parts of Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan. It occupied the land between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers, known formerly as Transoxiana. Its core territory was the fertile land along the lower Zarafshon river, and its urban centres were the ancient cities of Samarqand and the emirate's capital, Bukhara. It was contemporaneous with the Khanate of Khiva to the west, in Khwarazm, and the Khanate of Kokand to the east, in Fergana. In 1920, it ceased to exist with the establishment of the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic. The Turco-Mongol tribe of Uzbeks known as "Manghits" were the rulers.
Putney Houses
Putney Houses are a set of two historic homes located in Richmond, Virginia.  The Samuel Putney House at 1010 E. Marshall Street is a three-story, three bay Italianate style townhouse with rich architectural decoration. It features a delicate cast iron, one-story porch across the first story. The neighboring Stephen Putney House at 1012 E. Marshall Street is a three-story, three-bay stuccoed brick dwelling crowned by a bracketed cornice. It features a magnificent two-story verandah of ornamental iron on the east side. Both Putney Houses were built in 1859, and have extensive rear ells. The ornamental ironwork is a product of the local Phoenix Iron Works.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.

Townhouse
A townhouse, townhome, town house, or town home is a type of terraced housing. A modern townhouse is often one with multiple floors on a small footprint. In older British usage, the term originally referred to any type of city residence (normally in London) of someone whose main or largest residence was a country house.