hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Butopamine
Butopamine (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name, USANTooltip United States Adopted Name; developmental code name LY-131126; also known as (R,R)-ractopamine) is a sympathomimetic agent, β-adrenergic receptor agonist, and positive inotrope of the phenethylamine family which was studied for treatment of heart failure but was never marketed. It is an analogue of dobutamine and is the (R,R)-enantiomer of ractopamine. Butopamine is not a catecholamine and is resistant to metabolism by catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT). In contrast to dobutamine, butopamine is orally active. In addition to its positive inotropic effects, butopamine has positive chronotropic effects.

Oral administration
Oral administration is a route of administration whereby a substance is taken through the mouth, swallowed, and then processed via the digestive system. This is a common route of administration for many medications.

Oral administration can be easier and less painful than other routes of administration, such as injection.  However, the onset of action is relatively low, and the effectiveness is reduced if it is not absorbed properly in the digestive system, or if it is broken down by digestive enzymes before it can reach the bloodstream. Some medications may cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea or vomiting, when taken orally. Oral administration can also only be applied to conscious patients, and patients able to swallow.
Distortion function
A distortion function in mathematics and statistics, for example, , is a non-decreasing function such that  and .  The dual distortion function is .  Distortion functions are used to define distortion risk measures.

Monotonic function
In mathematics, a monotonic function (or monotone function) is a function between ordered sets that preserves or reverses the given order. This concept first arose in calculus, and was later generalized to the more abstract setting of order theory.
Kościelecki
The Kościelecki (or, plural, Kościeleccy) - were a noble family which was part of the political and economic elite in Kujawy and Royal Prussia in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. They used the Ogończyk coat of arms.

The Kościeleccy came from Dobrzyń Land, from the regions around Skępe but signed themselves as
"of Kościelca, near Inowrocław" where another branch of the family resided.

Members of the family were voivodes of Inowrocław, Brześć Kujawski, Poznań, Kalisz, starostas of Kujawy, Pomorze and Wielkopolska, as well as bishops of Chełm. After the Thirteen Years' War many of them also served at the court of King of Poland which allowed them to amass considerable land and wealth.

Brześć Kujawski
Brześć Kujawski (Polish pronunciation: [ˈbʐɛɕt͡ɕ kuˈjafskʲi]; Yiddish: Brisk) is a town in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship in central Poland. Once a royal seat of Kuyavia, the town has been the seat of one of two small duchies into which Kuyavia had been temporarily divided. As of December 2021, the town has a population of 4,527. It is situated on the Zgłowiączka River.
POSTNET
POSTNET (Postal Numeric Encoding Technique) is a barcode symbology used by the United States Postal Service to assist in directing mail.  The ZIP Code or ZIP+4 code is encoded in half- and full-height bars.  Most often, the delivery point is added, usually being the last two digits of the address or PO box number.

The barcode starts and ends with a full bar (often called a guard rail or frame bar and represented as the letter "S" in one version of the USPS TrueType Font) and has a check digit after the ZIP, ZIP+4, or delivery point.  The encoding table is shown on the right.

Each individual digit is represented by a set of five bars, two of which are full bars (i.e. two-out-of-five code). The full bars represent "on" bits in a pseudo-binary code in which the places represent, from left to right: 7, 4, 2, 1, and 0.  (Though in this scheme, zero is encoded as 11 in decimal, or in POSTNET "binary" as 11000.)

Numerical digit
A numerical digit (often shortened to just digit) or numeral is a single symbol used alone (such as "1"), or in combinations (such as "15"), to represent numbers in positional notation, such as the common base 10. The name "digit" originates from the Latin digiti meaning fingers.

For any numeral system with an integer base, the number of different digits required is the absolute value of the base. For example, decimal (base 10) requires ten digits (0 to 9), and binary (base 2) requires only two digits (0 and 1). Bases greater than 10 require more than 10 digits, for instance hexadecimal (base 16) requires 16 digits (usually 0 to 9 and A to F).
Wizz Fizz
Wizz Fizz is an Australian brand of sherbet produced by Fyna Foods Australia Pty Ltd, first introduced in 1947.

It is typically sold in 18g paper sachets, containing a fine powder and a small, edible spoon to aid consumption.

Sherbet (frozen dessert)
Sherbet (/ˈʃɜːrbət/), sometimes referred to as sherbert (/ˈʃɜːrbərt/), is a frozen dessert made from water, sugar, a dairy product such as cream or milk, and a flavoring – typically fruit juice or purée, wine, liqueur, or occasionally non-fruit flavors such as vanilla, chocolate, or peppermint. It is similar to, but distinct from, sorbet, which lacks dairy. Sherbet has 1%–2% milkfat, much less than ice cream.
Pennsylvania Route 430
Pennsylvania Route 430 (PA 430) (also known by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation as SR 0430) is a 13.70-mile-long (22.05 km) state highway located in Erie County, Pennsylvania.  The western terminus is at US 20 in Wesleyville.  The eastern terminus is the New York state line near Findley Lake, New York.

Findley Lake, New York
Findley Lake is part of the  town of Mina in southwestern Chautauqua County, New York,  United States. Situated at an elevation of 1440 ft (439 m) above sea level, this hamlet is located on the north shore of Findley Lake.
Stephen Gough (footballer)
Stephen Gough (born 21 March 1981 in Dublin, Ireland) is an Irish footballer who plays for Crumlin United F.C. in the Leinster Senior League.

He began his career at Bray Wanderers F.C. and then signed for a short spell at Monaghan United at the start of the shortened 2002/03 season. He signed for Shamrock Rovers shortly after and made his Rovers debut on 11 October 2002.

He made four appearances in the UEFA Intertoto Cup, before transferring to Longford in July 2005.

In December 2006, he signed back for Bray Wanderers F.C., but was released at the end of the 2007 season.

Leinster Senior League (association football)
The Leinster Senior League is an association football league organised by the Leinster Football Association. The Leinster Senior League operates 22 divisions, 12 of which are played on Saturdays, with 10 divisions played on Sundays. It also organises 17 different cup competitions. Its Senior Division is on the third level of the Republic of Ireland football league system.

Leinster Senior League teams also compete in the Leinster Senior Cup, the FAI Cup, the FAI Intermediate Cup and the FAI Junior Cup. In recent seasons the winners of the Senior Division have also qualified to play in the League of Ireland Cup. The vast majority of its member clubs are based in the Greater Dublin Area.
Ichthyophis nguyenorum
Ichthyophis nguyenorum is a species of caecilian in the family Ichthyophiidae. They were first found in Kon Plông District, Kon Tum Province, central Vietnam, in 2006, and formally described in 2012. The species is now also known from the Cat Tien National Park in Đồng Nai and Lâm Đồng provinces, southern Vietnam, and is presumed to occur more widely in suitable habitat in central and southern Vietnam as well as in eastern Cambodia.

Ichthyophiidae
The Ichthyophiidae are the family of Asiatic tailed caecilians or fish caecilians found in South and Southeast Asia as well as southernmost China.

They are primitive caecilians, lacking many of the derived characters found in the other families. For example, their mouths are not recessed underneath their heads, they possess tails, and they have numerous scales on their bodies. However, they have two sets of muscles for closing the jaw, a feature unique to caecilians, but absent in the related family Rhinatrematidae.

They lay their eggs in cavities in moist soil, where they hatch into larvae that seek out streams or underground seepages, before metamorphosing into adults. Some evidence indicates the females may protect their eggs until they hatch.
Little People (TV series)
Little People is a children's animated television series based on Fisher-Price's toy line of the same name. The series was produced by HIT Entertainment (for Season 1) and Mattel Creations (for Season 2), with animation production by DHX Media's Halifax studio. It premiered on Sprout on March 7, 2016. 52 episodes were produced.

It has been renewed for a second season, which started airing in 2018.

WildBrain
WildBrain Ltd. is a Canadian media, animation studio, production, and brand licensing company, mostly associated as an entertainment company. The company is known for owning the largest independent library of children's television programming, including the assets of acquisitions such as Cookie Jar Group, Epitome Pictures, and Wildbrain Entertainment among others, distribution rights to the Jay Ward Productions and Ragdoll Productions libraries, and a stake in the Peanuts franchise.

The company was founded in 2006 as DHX Media, via a merger between Decode Entertainment and the Halifax Film Company. The company subsequently acquired other studios and assets, acquired the Canadian specialty service Family Channel in 2014 to expand into broadcasting, and established the YouTube multi-channel network WildBrain (now WildBrain London) in 2016. Building upon the strength of the division, the entirety of the company was rebranded as WildBrain in 2019.
Origin Pacific Airways
Origin Pacific Airways was an airline based in Nelson in New Zealand. Its main base was at Nelson Airport (NSN). It ceased passenger operations on 10 August 2006,  and its residual freight operations on 15 September 2006.

Nelson Airport (New Zealand)
Nelson Airport (Māori: Te Papa Waka Rererangi o Whakatū) (IATA: NSN, ICAO: NZNS) is located 6 km (3.7 mi) south-west of central Nelson, New Zealand, in the suburb of Annesbrook. Approximately 1.2 million passengers and visitors use the airport terminal annually. Passenger numbers for the 2017 financial year were 1,000,373, up from 865,203 in 2016.

It is the sixth-busiest airport in New Zealand by passenger numbers and seventh by aircraft movements, as well as being the busiest New Zealand airport without any scheduled international service. The airport has an Air New Zealand Koru Lounge.
Pristella maxillaris
Pristella maxillaris, the X-ray tetra, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Acestrorhamphidae, the American characins. This transluscent fish is found in South America and is a popular aquarium fish.

Acestrorhamphidae
Acestrorhamphidae, the American tetras, are a diverse family of freshwater fish in the order Characiformes. They are native to North and South America, from the southwestern United States south to temperate Argentina, with a few species introduced to other parts of the world. It includes many genera previously placed in the family Characidae, which was split into multiple families in 2024. It contains many of the most famous ornamental aquarium fish that are popularly known as tetras.
Centre for International Light Art
The Centre for International Light Art (CILA, German: Zentrum für Internationale Lichtkunst) is an art museum in Unna, Germany. It is the world's only museum which is exclusively dedicated to the collection and presentation of light art.

Art museum
An art museum, or art gallery, is an organization, usually with buildings or spaces for the display of art from the museum's own collection. It might be in public or private ownership, be accessible to all, or have restrictions in place. Although primarily concerned with visual art, art museums are often used as a venue for other cultural exchanges and artistic activities, such as lectures, jewelry, performance arts, music concerts, or poetry readings. Art museums also frequently host themed temporary exhibitions, which often include items on loan from other collections.
Nullcline
In mathematical analysis, nullclines, sometimes called zero-growth isoclines, are encountered in a system of ordinary differential equations

where  here represents a derivative of  with respect to another parameter, such as time .  The 'th nullcline is the geometric shape for which .   The equilibrium points of the system are located where all of the nullclines intersect.
In a two-dimensional linear system, the nullclines can be represented by two lines on a two-dimensional plot; in a general two-dimensional system they are arbitrary curves.

Linear system
In systems theory, a linear system is a mathematical model of a system based on the use of a linear operator.
Linear systems typically exhibit features and properties that are much simpler than the nonlinear case.
As a mathematical abstraction or idealization, linear systems find important applications in automatic control theory, signal processing, and telecommunications. For example, the propagation medium for wireless communication systems can often be
modeled by linear systems.
Madsen 20 mm cannon
The 20 mm AA Machine Cannon M/38 was a 20 mm  rapid fire autocannon produced by the Danish company Dansk Industri Syndikat (DISA). The gun, which could be adapted to several tactical uses, was a primary weapon of the armed forces of Denmark. It was also exported to numerous countries around the world because of its versatility. The cannon was built at the DISA works in Herlev near Copenhagen. The company supplied several different types of mountings with the weapon for a variety of roles, such as air defense, anti-tank warfare, and on naval ships.

AB Landsverk
AB Landsverk (full name: Aktiebolaget Landsverk, lit. 'The Corporation Landsverk') was a Swedish heavy industry company, manufacturing a wide variety of tracked and wheeled military vehicles, such as tractor units, off-road vehicles and armoured vehicles, etc, most notably the world's first welded tank constructions, among others, but also a wide variety of civilian heavy equipment, such as railroad cars, harbour cranes and agricultural machinery.

It was founded in 1872 as Firman Petterson & Ohlsen. It was located in Landskrona, Sweden.
Skinny Food Co
Skinny Food Co is a British food and beverage brand owned by 'Not Guilty Food Co', based in Nottingham, England. It was founded in 2018 by Wayne Starkie and James Whiting. As of 2022, the company reported annual revenue of over £19m.

Syrup
In cooking, syrup (less commonly sirup; from Latin: sirupus, from earlier Arabic: شراب; sharāb, beverage, wine) is a thick, viscous, liquid condiment consisting primarily of a solution of sugar in water. It typically contains a large amount of dissolved sugars but shows little tendency to deposit crystals. In its concentrated form, its consistency is similar to that of molasses. The viscosity arises from the multiple hydrogen bonds between the dissolved sugar, which has many hydroxyl (OH) groups.
The Unusual
The Unusual is the second solo studio album by American rapper El Da Sensei. It was released on February 28, 2006 via Fat Beats Records. Recording sessions took place at Pete's Crib, Big Trouble In Little China Studios, Safe House Studios, It Is What It Is Studios and Madd Bass Studio in New Jersey, and K-Hill Studios in Durham. Production was handled by Fusion Unlimited, Illmind, J. Rawls, 3rd Rell, DJ Revolution, Frequency, Fyre Dept., Jake One, K-Def, Money Mark and Saukrates. It features guest appearances from O.C. and Sean Price.

O.C. (rapper)
Omar Gerryl Credle (born May 13, 1971), better known by his stage name, O.C., is an American rapper and member of the group D.I.T.C. He has been involved with several underground hip hop groups, namely Crooklyn Dodgers '95, Luv NY, and Perestroika.
EPA Methods
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) maintains and approves test methods, which are approved procedures for measuring the presence and concentration of physical, chemical and biological contaminants; evaluating properties, such as toxic properties, of chemical substances; or measuring the effects of substances under various conditions. The methods in the Agency index are known as EPA Methods. There are other types of methods such as the ASTM and United States Pharmacopeia, but the EPA Methods are developed through a regulatory process involving public notice, comment and revision and are legally binding whereas ASTM methods are developed through a consensus process and compliance is voluntary. These methods are developed to help standardize and achieve the EPA mission to protect the environment and human health.

ASTM International
ASTM International, formerly known as American Society for Testing and Materials, is a standards organization that develops and publishes voluntary consensus technical international standards for a wide range of materials, products, systems and services. Some 12,575 apply globally. The headquarters is in West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, about 5 mi (8.0 km) northwest of Philadelphia. It was founded in 1902 as the American Section of the International Association for Testing Materials.

In addition to its traditional standards work, ASTM operates several global initiatives advancing additive manufacturing, advanced manufacturing, and emerging technologies, including the Additive Manufacturing Center of Excellence (AM CoE), the acquisition of Wohlers Associates for market intelligence and advisory services, and the NIST-funded Standardization Center of Excellence (SCOE).
Sohrab Ahmari
Sohrab Ahmari (Persian: سهراب احمری, romanized: Sohrāb Aḥmarī; born February 1, 1985) is an Iranian-born American columnist, editor, and author of nonfiction books. He is a founding editor of the online magazine Compact. He is a contributing editor of The Catholic Herald, and a columnist for First Things. Previously, he served as the op-ed editor of the New York Post, an editor with The Wall Street Journal opinion pages in New York and London, and as a senior writer at Commentary.

Ahmari is the author of The New Philistines (2016), a critique of how identity politics are corrupting the arts; From Fire, by Water (2019), a spiritual memoir about his conversion to Roman Catholicism; The Unbroken Thread: Discovering the Wisdom of Tradition in an Age of Chaos (2021) and Tyranny, Inc.: How Private Power Crushed American Liberty – and What to Do About It (2023).

Iranian Americans
Iranian-Americans, also known as Persian Americans, are United States citizens or nationals who are of Iranian ancestry or who hold Iranian citizenship. According to the National Organization for Civil Registration, an organization of the Ministry of Interior of Iran, the United States has the greatest number of Iranians outside the country.

Most Iranian-Americans arrived in the United States after 1979 in the wake  of the Iranian Revolution and the fall of the Iranian monarchy. Over 40% of them settled in California, specifically Los Angeles, where they formed distinct ethnic enclaves, such as the Angelino community of "Tehrangeles" in Westwood, Los Angeles.

Research by the Iranian Studies Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2004 estimated the number of Iranian-Americans at 691,000, about half of whom live in  California.
HMS Begum
One ship of the Royal Navy has borne the name HMS Begum, whilst another was planned:

HMS Begum was to have been an escort carrier. She was however retained by the US Navy as the Casablanca-class escort carrier USS Natoma Bay.

HMS Begum (D38) was a Ruler-class escort carrier, previously USS Bolinas. She was launched in 1942, returned to the US Navy in 1946 and sold in 1947.

HMS Begum (D38)
USS Bolinas (CVE-36) (originally AVG-36, then later ACV-36) was an escort carrier launched 11 November 1942 by Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding, Tacoma, Washington; sponsored by Mrs. G. B. Sherwood, wife of Commander Sherwood; and commissioned 22 July 1943, Captain H. L. Meadow in command.
Hickstead (horse)
Hickstead (March 2, 1996 – November 6, 2011) was a stallion ridden by Canadian Eric Lamaze. With rider Lamaze, he was an Olympic gold and silver medallist in show jumping. Hickstead was owned by Torrey Pines and Ashland Stables Inc.

A Dutch Warmblood, Hickstead was 16 hands (64 inches, 163 cm) high and bay in colour.  He was born in Belgium. During his career, he won more than $4 million CDN.

Show jumping
Show jumping is a part of a group of English riding equestrian events that also includes eventing, hunters, and equitation. Jumping classes are commonly seen at horse shows throughout the world, including the Olympics. Sometimes shows are limited exclusively to jumpers. Sometimes jumper classes are offered in conjunction with other English-style events. Sometimes, show jumping is but one division of a very large, all-breed competition that includes a very wide variety of disciplines. Jumping classes may be governed by various national horse show sanctioning organizations, such as the United States Equestrian Federation or the British Showjumping Association.  International competitions are governed by the rules of the International Federation for Equestrian Sports.
Zaccheus Collins
Zaccheus Collins (1764–1831) was a botanist. He collected plants and owned a herbarium. He collected many plants from Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and was gifted specimens from southern statea including North Carolina and Georgia. The genus Collinsia is named after him.

He corresponded with botanists including Henry Muhlenberg, Frederick Augustus Hall Muhlenberg, Stephen Elliott, Jacob Bigelow, John Torrey and William Baldwin.

A Quaker, he was a philanthropist and belonged to the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Linnean Society, and the American Philosophical Society in which he served as a curator.

Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University
The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, formerly the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, is the oldest natural science research institution and museum in the Americas. It was founded in 1812, by many of the leading naturalists of the young American republic with an expressed mission of "the encouragement and cultivation of the sciences". It has sponsored expeditions, conducted original environmental and systematics research, and amassed natural history collections containing more than 17 million specimens. The Academy also organizes public exhibits and educational programs for both schools and the general public.
Garsia
Garsia is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adriano Garsia (1928–2024), Tunisian-born Italian American mathematician

Alfredo Maria Garsia (1928–2004), Italian Roman Catholic bishop

Rupert Clare Garsia (1887–1954), New Zealand-born Australian Navy commander

Adriano Garsia
Adriano Mario Garsia (20 August 1928 – 6 October 2024) was a Tunisian-born Italian American mathematician who worked in analysis, combinatorics, representation theory, and algebraic geometry. He was a student of Charles Loewner and published work on representation theory, symmetric functions, and algebraic combinatorics. He and Mark Haiman made the n! conjecture. He is also the namesake of the Garsia–Wachs algorithm for optimal binary search trees, which he published with his student Michelle L. Wachs in 1977.