hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Helena Jaczek
Krystina Helena Jaczek (/ˈdʒæzɛk/ JAZ-ek) is a Canadian physician and politician. A member of the Liberal Party, she currently represents the riding of Markham—Stouffville in the House of Commons and formerly served as the Minister of Public Services and Procurement and Receiver General for Canada.

In October 2021, Jaczek was appointed Minister responsible for the Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario (FedDev Ontario) in the Cabinet of Canada. Before entering federal politics in 2019, Jaczek served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 2007 to 2018 representing Oak Ridges—Markham. She served as Minister of Community and Social Services from 2014 until 2018 and as Minister of Health and Long-Term Care in 2018, under the leadership of Kathleen Wynne.

Cabinet of Canada
The Canadian Ministry (French: Conseil des ministres), colloquially referred to as the Cabinet of Canada (French: Cabinet du Canada), is a body of ministers of the Crown that, along with the Canadian monarch, and within the tenets of the Westminster system, forms the government of Canada. Chaired by the prime minister, the Cabinet is part of and acts on behalf of the King's Privy Council for Canada and the senior echelon of the Ministry, the membership of the Cabinet and Ministry often being co-terminal; as of March 2025 there were no members of the latter who were not also members of the former.

For practical reasons, the Cabinet is informally referred to either in relation to the prime minister in charge of it or the number of ministries since Confederation. The current Cabinet is the Cabinet of Mark Carney, which is part of the 30th Ministry. The interchangeable use of the terms cabinet and  ministry is a subtle inaccuracy that can cause confusion.
Christopher Reilly
Christopher Reilly (sometimes spelt Riley) was an Irish gold prospector who participated in the Otago gold rush in New Zealand in the 1860s.

In 1862, Reilly discovered gold on the Clutha River with Horatio Hartley. The location was proclaimed as the Dunstan goldfield on 23 September 1862.

Otago gold rush
The Otago gold rush (often called the Central Otago gold rush) was a gold rush that occurred during the 1860s in Central Otago, New Zealand. This was the country's biggest gold strike, and led to a rapid influx of foreign miners to the area – many of them veterans of other hunts for the precious metal in California and Victoria, Australia. The number of miners reached its maximum of 18,000 in February 1864.

The rush started at Gabriel's Gully but spread throughout much of Central Otago, leading to the rapid expansion and commercialisation of the new colonial settlement of Dunedin, which quickly grew to be New Zealand's largest city. Only a few years later, most of the smaller new settlements were deserted, and gold extraction became more long-term, industrialised-mechanical process.
Burdak
Burdak is a surname mainly found in north-west Rajasthan.

Notable people with the surname include:

Harji Ram Burdak (1931–2013), Indian politician

Narayan Singh Burdak, Indian politician

Virendra Singh, Indian politician

Harji Ram Burdak
Harji Ram Burdak (15 July 1931 – 20 December 2013) was an Indian politician. He served as minister of agriculture in Government of Rajasthan. He was member of the Indian National Congress. He was elected to the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly for six terms between 1967 and 2013.
Stirling (Massaponax, Virginia)
Stirling, also known as Stirling Plantation, is a historic plantation house located near Massaponax, Spotsylvania County, Virginia. It was built between 1858 and 1860, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, five-bay, brick Greek Revival and Federal dwelling. It measures 56 feet by 36 feet, and has a hipped roof and four interior end chimneys. It sits on a raised basement and features entrance porches added about 1912. Also on the property are the contributing kitchen dependency, smokehouse, family cemetery, and the undisturbed archaeological sites of a weaving house and three slave cabins.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Smokehouse
A smokehouse (North American) or smokery (British) is a building where meat or fish is cured with smoke. The finished product might be stored in the building, sometimes for a year or more. Even when smoke is not used, such a building—typically a subsidiary building—is sometimes referred to as a "smokehouse".  When smoke is not used, the term meathouse or meat house is common.
Mariacristina De Nardi
Mariacristina De Nardi is an economist who was born in Treviso, Italy. She is the Thomas Sargent Professor at the University of Minnesota since 2019. In 2013, De Nardi was appointed professor of economics at University College London; since September 2018, she has been a senior scholar at the Opportunity and Inclusive Growth Institute of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Her research interests include macroeconomics, public economics, wealth distribution, savings, social-insurance reform, social security, household economics, health shocks, medical expenses, fertility and human capital.

Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis
The Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, located in Minneapolis, Minnesota, in the United States, covers the 9th District of the Federal Reserve, which is made up of Minnesota, Montana, North and South Dakota, northwestern Wisconsin, and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Although its geographical territory is the third largest of the 12 Federal Reserve banks, it serves the smallest population base of the system. It has one branch, which is in Helena, Montana.
Hora (surname)
Hora is a surname. In Czech (feminine: Horová), the surname means 'mountain'. Notable people with the surname include:

Carlos Hora (born 1945), Peruvian sport shooter

Ioan Hora (born 1988), Romanian footballer

Jakub Hora (born 1991), Czech footballer

Jan Hora (1900–1953), Czech police chief and water polo player

John Hora (1940–2021), American cinematographer

Josef Hora (1891–1945), Czech poet, literary critic and translator

Sunder Lal Hora (1896–1955), Indian ichthyologist

Heinrich Hora (born 1931), German-Australian theoretical physicist

Thomas Hora (1914–1995), American psychiatrist

Tomio Hora (1906–2000), Japanese historian

Jan Hora
Jan Hora (25 November 1900 – 12 December 1953) was a Czech police chief and water polo player. He competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics and the 1924 Summer Olympics.

He has been a police commissioner since graduating from college. In the 1930s, he was mentioned in the press on the occasion of investigations into various cases. In 1938, he was promoted to the position of police councillor. After the Second World War he held the post of chief councillor in the Home Office. In 1948, he was the chief investigator into the mysterious death of Jan Masaryk.
Ter Borch
Ter Borch is a surname.  The most notable person with that name was the Dutch painter Gerard ter Borch (1617–1681).

Other people with the surname ter Borch include:

Gerard ter Borch the Elder (1583–1662), Dutch painter

Gesina ter Borch (1633–1690), Dutch artist

Menzo ter Borch (1896–1981), Dutch trade unionist

Moses ter Borch (1645–1667), Dutch artist

Moses ter Borch
Moses ter Borch or Mozes ter Borch (1645-1667) was a Dutch painter, draughtsman and enlisted sailor in the Dutch navy. His surviving work consists mostly of drawings.  He died in battle during one of the Dutch fleet's engagements in England during the Second Anglo-Dutch War.
John Blair Deaver
John Blair Deaver (July 25, 1855 - September 25, 1931) was an American surgeon and educator who taught surgery at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine for over twenty years including as John Rhea Barton Professor of Surgery from 1918 to 1922 and as emeritus professor of surgery from 1922 to 1931. He served as chief of surgery at the German Hospital in Philadelphia for over 40 years. He was an innovator in abdominal surgery and an advocate of early and preventative appendectomies. He was a prolific surgeon and it is estimated he performed 100,000 surgeries during the course of his career. He was known for the Deaver incision used during appendectomies and invented the Deaver retractor used in abdominal surgeries. He was a founding member of the American College of Surgeons and served as the fifth president from 1921 to 1922.

Surgical incision
A surgical incision is a cut made through the skin and soft tissue to facilitate an operation or procedure. Often, multiple incisions are possible for an operation. In general, a surgical incision is made as small and unobtrusive as possible to facilitate safe and timely operating conditions and recovery.
Angelo Sangiacomo
Angelo Sangiacomo (1924 – December 8, 2015) was an American real estate developer and one of the largest landlords in San Francisco.

He was born and grew up in modest circumstances in San Francisco's Richmond District, the son of Alessandro and Caterina Sangiacomo, who were new immigrants to the United States. He was educated at Frank McCoppin Elementary School and George Washington High School, followed by the University of San Francisco.  He was in the U.S. Navy during World War II.

Trinity Properties, his family-owned company, owned and operated dozens of buildings and thousands of apartments across San Francisco.

In 1956, Sangiacomo married Yvonne Giuntoli, the daughter of Agostino Giuntoli, owner of Bimbo's 365 Club in San Francisco, and they had seven children.

University of San Francisco
The University of San Francisco (USF) is a private Jesuit university in San Francisco, California, United States. Founded in 1855, it has nearly 9,000 students pursuing undergraduate and graduate degrees in 59 major programs. In addition to its main campus in the Golden Gate area, it has satellite campuses in downtown San Francisco, Orange County, Sacramento, San Jose, and Santa Rosa.
SM U-90
SM U-90 was a Type U-87 U-boat of the Imperial German Navy during World War I. Its commander Walter Remy made regular stops at remote island North Rona for provisions such as fresh mutton. On 15 May 1918, U-90 shelled the Hirta wireless station in St Kilda, Scotland. On 31 May 1918, U-90 torpedoed and sank USS President Lincoln, a former Hamburg America Line steamer that had been seized by the United States for troop transportation. From the U.S. Navy crew that abandoned the sinking vessel, U-90 captured Lieutenant Edouard Izac, eventually taking him to Germany. Izac later escaped German captivity and reported to the US Navy about German submarine movements.

U-90 was surrendered to the Allies at Harwich on 20 November 1918 in accordance with the requirements of the Armistice with Germany, and later laid up at Pembroke. She was to be loaned to Belgium, and was en route there in tow from Pembroke when she foundered off the Isle of Wight on 29 November 1919.

Hamburg America Line
The Hamburg-Amerikanische Packetfahrt-Actien-Gesellschaft (HAPAG), known in English as the Hamburg America Line, was a transatlantic shipping enterprise established in Hamburg, in 1847. Among those involved in its development were prominent German citizens such as Albert Ballin (director general), Adolph Godeffroy, Ferdinand Laeisz, Carl Woermann, August Bolten, and others, and its main financial backers were Berenberg Bank and H. J. Merck & Co. It soon developed into the largest German, and at times the world's largest, shipping company, serving the market created by German immigration to the United States and later, immigration from Eastern Europe. On 1 September 1970, after 123 years of independent existence, HAPAG merged with the Bremen-based North German Lloyd to form Hapag-Lloyd AG, today an international shipping and container transportation company.
Combe Scar
Combe Scar is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in Cumbria, England. It is within Yorkshire Dales National Park, and is located 1.5km west of the village of Gawthrop. This area is protected because of its geological features and also because of the plant species that grow in rock ledges and in screes.

Gawthrop
Gawthrop is a hamlet in the civil parish of Dent, in the Westmorland and Furness district, in the ceremonial county of Cumbria, England. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, it lies within the Yorkshire Dales National Park. From 1974 to 2023 it was in South Lakeland district. It is near the River Dee and the village of Dent.
1st Ohio General Assembly
The First Ohio General Assembly was the initial meeting of the Ohio state legislature, composed of the Ohio State Senate and the Ohio House of Representatives.  It convened in Chillicothe, Ohio, on March 1, 1803, and adjourned April 16, 1803. This General Assembly coincided with the first year of Edward Tiffin's first term as Ohio Governor.

Ohio General Assembly
The Ohio General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Ohio. It consists of the 99-member Ohio House of Representatives and the 33-member Ohio Senate. Both houses of the General Assembly meet at the Ohio Statehouse in Columbus.
Trecwn
Trecwn (Welsh: Trecŵn [trɛˈkuːn]) is a village in Pembrokeshire, west Wales, 1.6 miles (2.6 km) east of the A40 (Fishguard to Haverfordwest) road in the community of Scleddau. It is in the parish of Llanstinan.

A40 road
The A40 is a road which runs between London and Goodwick (Fishguard), in Wales. It is approximately 260 miles (420 km) long. The eastern section from Denham, Buckinghamshire to Wheatley, Oxfordshire is better served by the M40 and its former function of linking London with Cheltenham and Gloucester has been taken by the M4, A419 and A417 via Swindon.

In 1937, together with the A48 road, it formed parts of the London–Fishguard trunk road, as well as a part of the Newport–Shrewsbury trunk road. Much of the A40's length within England has been superseded by motorways, such as the M40, and has lost its trunk road status, though it retains the status west of Gloucester and its entirety within Wales.
Bordelonville, Louisiana
Bordelonville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana, United States. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 525.

Bordelonville is located along Bayou des Glaises and Louisiana Highway 451, 17 miles (27 km) east of Marksville, the parish seat.

Marksville, Louisiana
Marksville is a small city in and the parish seat of Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, Marksville had a population of 5,065.

Louisiana's first land-based casino, Paragon Casino Resort, opened in Marksville in June 1994. It is operated by the federally recognized Tunica-Biloxi Indian Tribe, which has a reservation in the parish.
1932 La Salle Explorers football team
The 1932 La Salle Explorers football team was an American football team that represented La Salle College (now known as La Salle University) as an independent during the 1932 college football season. In their second year under head coach Tom Conley, the Explorers compiled a 4–2–2 record.

1932 college football season
The 1932 college football season saw the Michigan Wolverines win the Knute Rockne Memorial Trophy as national champion under the math-based Dickinson System.  Because the "Big Nine" conference didn't permit its teams to play in the postseason, however, the Wolverines were not able to accept a bid to the Rose Bowl. As such, the Pasadena game matched the No. 2 and No. 3 teams, USC and Pittsburgh, with the USC Trojans winning the east–west matchup 35–0. The other four contemporary math system selectors (the Boand, Dunkel, Houlgate, and Williamson Systems) all selected USC as national champion. This was also the last season NFL would use college football rules.
Old Sarum Cathedral
Old Sarum Cathedral was a Catholic and Norman cathedral at old Salisbury, England, now known as Old Sarum, between 1092 and 1220. Only its foundations remain, in the north-west quadrant of the circular outer bailey of the site, about 2 miles (3.2 km) north of its 13th-century replacement, Salisbury Cathedral. The cathedral was the seat of the bishops of Salisbury during the early Norman period and the original source of the Sarum Rite.

Use of Sarum
The Use of Sarum (or Use of Salisbury, also known as the Sarum Rite) is the liturgical use of the Latin rites developed at Salisbury Cathedral and used from the late eleventh century until the English Reformation. It is largely identical to the Roman Rite, with about ten per cent of its material drawn from other sources. The cathedral's liturgy was widely respected during the late Middle Ages, and churches throughout the British Isles and parts of northwestern Europe adapted its customs for celebrations of the Eucharist and canonical hours. The Sarum Rite has a unique ecumenical position in influencing and being authorized for liturgical use by the Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, as well as the Anglican Communion.
Mikhail Kuznetsov (canoeist)
Mikhail Nikolayevich Kuznetsov (Russian: Михаил Николаевич Кузнецов; born 14 May 1985) is a Russian slalom canoeist who has competed since the early 2000s in the C2 class together with his partner Dmitry Larionov.

He won a bronze medal in the C2 event at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. He also finished 14th in 2012 and 6th in 2016 in the same event.

He won a bronze medal in the C2 team event at the 2015 European Championships.

Canoeing at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's slalom C-2
The men's canoe slalom C-2 event at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro took place from  8 - 11 August at the Deodoro Olympic Whitewater Stadium.

The gold medal was won by Ladislav Škantár & Peter Škantár of Slovakia.

It was the last appearance of the men's C-2, replaced by the women's C-1 for Tokyo 2020 in order to bring the slalom canoeing programme to gender equality (in 2016 and before, there were 3 men's events to only 1 women's event).
Castle of Chinchilla
The Castle of Chinchilla (Spanish: Castillo de Chinchilla) is a castle located in Chinchilla de Monte-Aragón, Spain. It was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1931. As of right now visitors only have access to see the exterior of the castle as the interior is under construction. Visitors to the castle can see the remains of Iberian and Roman architecture.

Bien de Interés Cultural
Bien de Interés Cultural (Basque: Kultura Intereseko Ondasun, Catalan: Bé d'Interès Cultural, Valencian: Bé d'Interés Cultural, Galician: Ben de Interese Cultural) is a category of the heritage register in Spain. The term is also used in Colombia and other Spanish-speaking countries.

The term literally means a "good of cultural interest" ("goods" in the economic sense). It includes not only material heritage (cultural property), like monuments or movable works of art, but also intangible cultural heritage, such as the Silbo Gomero language.

Some bienes enjoy international protection as World Heritage Sites or Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.
Bunzlau
The German name Bunzlau can refer to:

Bolesławiec (Bunzlau) in Poland

Mladá Boleslav (Jungbunzlau) in the Czech Republic

The former city Stará Boleslav (Altbunzlau), now part of Brandýs nad Labem-Stará Boleslav (Brandeis-Altbunzlau) in the Czech Republic.

Bolesławiec
Bolesławiec (pronounced [bɔlɛˈswavʲɛt͡s] ⓘ, German: Bunzlau) is a historic city situated on the Bóbr River in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the administrative seat of Bolesławiec County, and of Gmina Bolesławiec (being an urban gmina in its own right). As of June 2021, it has a population of 38,280. Founded in the 13th century, the city is known for its long-standing pottery-making tradition and heritage Old Town.
Yoshino Aoki
Yoshino Aoki (青木 佳乃, Aoki Yoshino) (born August 19, 1971) is a Japanese video game music composer and lyricist. She began her career with video game company Capcom, and later co-founded the music studio Unique Note with another ex-Capcom composer, Tetsuya Shibata.

Video game music
Video game music (VGM) is the soundtrack that accompanies video games. Early video game music was once limited to sounds of early sound chips, such as programmable sound generators (PSG) or FM synthesis chips. These limitations have led to the style of music known as chiptune, which became the sound of the early video games.

With technological advances, video game music has grown to include a wider range of sounds. Players can hear music in video games over a game's title screen, menus, and gameplay. Game soundtracks can also change depending on a player's actions or situation, such as indicating missed actions in rhythm games, informing the player they are in a dangerous situation, or rewarding them for specific achievements.

Video game music can be one of two kinds: original or licensed.

The popularity of video game music has created education and job opportunities, generated awards, and led video game soundtracks to be commercially sold and performed in concerts.
Kosmos 1785
Kosmos 1785 (Russian: Космос 1785 meaning Cosmos 1785) is a Soviet US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1986 as part of the Soviet military's Oko programme. The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.

Kosmos 1785 was launched from Site 41/1 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 09:29 UTC on 15 October 1986. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1986-078A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 17031.

It re-entered the Earth's atmosphere on 28 February 2002.

Early warning system
An early warning system is a warning system that can be implemented as a chain of information communication systems and comprises sensors, event detection and decision subsystems for early identification of hazards. They work together to forecast and signal disturbances that adversely affect the stability of the physical world, providing time for the response system to prepare for the adverse event and to minimize its impact.

To be effective, early warning systems need to actively involve the communities at risk, facilitate public education and awareness of risks, effectively disseminate alerts, and warnings and ensure there is constant state of preparedness. A complete and effective early warning system supports four main functions: risk analysis, monitoring and warning; dissemination and communication; and a response capability.
Plaque-forming unit
A plaque-forming unit (PFU) is a measure used in virology to describe the number of virus particles capable of forming plaques per unit volume.  It is a proxy measurement rather than a measurement of the absolute quantity of particles: viral particles that are defective or which fail to infect their target cell will not produce a plaque and thus will not be counted.

For example, a solution of tick-borne encephalitis virus with a concentration of 1,000 PFU/μL indicates that 1 μL of the solution contains enough virus particles to produce 1000 infectious plaques in a layer of cells. However, the number of virus particles might be greater than the number of PFU if some virus particles fail to form plaques because they are defective or otherwise failed to infect cells. The concept of plaque-forming units of virus is equivalent to the concept of colony-forming units of bacteria.

Colony-forming unit
In microbiology, a colony-forming unit (CFU, cfu or Cfu) is a unit which estimates the number of microbial cells (bacteria, fungi, viruses etc.) in a sample that are viable and able to multiply via binary fission under the controlled conditions. Determining colony-forming units requires culturing the microbes and counting only viable cells, in contrast with microscopic examination which counts all cells, living or dead. The visual appearance of a colony in a cell culture requires significant growth, and when counting colonies, it is uncertain if the colony arose from a single cell or a group of cells. Expressing results as colony-forming units reflects this uncertainty.