hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
South American Railway Congress
Four South American Railway Congresses (Spanish: Congreso Sudamericano de Ferrocarriles, Congreso SudFerro; Portuguese: Congresso Ferroviário Sul-Americano) were held between 1910 and 1941:

in Buenos Aires, Argentina in 1910;

in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1922;

in Santiago de Chile in 1929; and

in Bogotá, Colombia in 1941.

The first congress had been assembled on the initiative of the government of Argentina. The congresses primarily served as a meeting point for the Southern Cone countries to exchange ideas about railroad development and how to integrate the economies of different countries through railroad communications. At the Bogotá congress it was decided that the South American congresses would be substituted by Pan-American Railway Congresses. The fifth Pan-American Railway Congress was held in Montevideo in April 1946.

Southern Cone
The Southern Cone (Spanish: Cono Sur, Portuguese: Cone Sul) is a geographical and cultural subregion composed of the southernmost areas of South America, mostly south of the Tropic of Capricorn. Traditionally, it covers Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay, bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the east by the Atlantic Ocean. In terms of geography, the Southern Cone comprises Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay, and sometimes includes Paraguay and Brazil's four southernmost states (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and São Paulo).

The Southern Cone is the subregion with the second highest Human Development Index and standard of living in the Americas, after Northern America.
Keigwin
The surname Keigwin (from Cornish, meaning "White dog" from the word "Kei" – a dog, and "gwyn" – white: and thus figuratively, a hero) might refer to:

Herbert Keigwin (1878–1962), English cricketer

Henry Keigwin (1881–1916), English cricketer

R. P. Keigwin (Richard Prescott Keigwin, 1883–1972), English academic and cricketer

Richard Keigwin (Governor of Bombay) (died 1690), governor of Bombay, 1683–1684

Richard Keigwin (colonial administrator)
Captain Richard Keigwin (died 21 June 1690) was a rebel governor of Bombay (now Mumbai) in 1683–84 during the East India Company's charter over Bombay.  He was never recognized in this position by the Company. He acted as governor of Bombay with the support of the militia, whose salaries had been cut by the Governor, Joshua Child.  He was also supported by the population at large who welcomed the withdrawal of trade monopolies during this period.
26th Sports Emmy Awards
The 26th Sports Emmy Awards honoring American sports coverage in 2004 were presented on May 2, 2005, at Frederick P. Rose Hall in the Jazz at Lincoln Center, New York City. The nominees were announced on March 9.

Fox NFL Sunday
Fox NFL Sunday is an American sports television program broadcast on the Fox television network. The show debuted on September 4, 1994, and serves as the pre-game show for the network's National Football League (NFL) game telecasts under the NFL on Fox brand. An audio simulcast of the program airs on sister radio network Fox Sports Radio, which is distributed by Premiere Radio Networks. As of 2014, the program has won four Emmy Awards.

For sponsorship purposes, the show's full name is Fox NFL Sunday Presented by GMC.
Gorham Campus Historic District
The Gorham Campus Historic District encompasses seven buildings that make up the historic heart of the campus of the University of Southern Maine in Gorham, Maine.  Built between 1806 and 1931, they reflect the varied academic history of the campus, and were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

Gorham, Maine
Gorham is a town in Cumberland County, Maine, United States. The population was 18,336 at the 2020 United States Census. In addition to its urban village center known as Gorham Village or simply "the Village," the town encompasses a number of smaller, unincorporated villages and hamlets with distinct historical identities, including South Gorham, West Gorham, Little Falls, White Rock, and North Gorham. Gorham is home to one of the three campuses of the University of Southern Maine. In 2013, Gorham was voted second-best town in Maine after Hampden by a financial website.

Gorham is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan area.

Initially named Narragansett Number 7, the village was renamed Gorhamtown Plantation in honor of the famous New England Ranger John Gorham I, the great grandfather of John Gorham 4th.
Como Conference
The International Congress of Physicists (Italian: Congresso internazionale dei fisici), better known as the Como Conference or the Volta Conference, was an international academic conference held from 11 to 27 September 1927, near Lake Como, Italy as part of a series of celebrations of the hundredth anniversary of the death of Alessandro Volta. This conference inspired the Volta Congresses held in Rome and organized since 1931.

It concerned the topic of Volta's work and quantum mechanics. It gathered 61 physicists and mathematicians from all over the world. During the conference, Niels Bohr first introduced the principle of complementarity. The first quantum theory of metals was also discussed through the works of Arnold Sommerfeld and Enrico Fermi.

Hendrik Lorentz
Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (18 July 1853 – 4 February 1928) was a Dutch theoretical physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman for their discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect. He derived the Lorentz transformation of the special theory of relativity, as well as the Lorentz force, which describes the force acting on a charged particle in an electromagnetic field. He was also responsible for the Lorentz oscillator model, a classical model used to describe the anomalous dispersion observed in dielectric materials when the driving frequency of the electric field was near the resonant frequency of the material, resulting in abnormal refractive indices.

Lorentz received many other honors and distinctions, including a term as Chairman of the International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation, the forerunner of UNESCO, from 1925 until his death in 1928.
Clear Creek (Shoal Creek tributary)
Clear Creek is a stream in Barry, Lawrence and Newton counties in southwest Missouri. It is a tributary to Shoal Creek.

The stream headwaters arise in northwest Barry County on the west side of Kings Prairie at 36°53′33″N 93°52′06″W﻿ / ﻿36.89250°N 93.86833°W﻿ / 36.89250; -93.86833 at an elevation of 1415 feet. The stream flows northwest passing under U.S. Route 60 and through the south side of city of Monett. It enters the southwest corner of Lawrence County and passes just south of Pierce City and under Missouri Route 97. It enters Newton County and passes north of the community of Berwick and enters Shoal Creek 2.5 miles west of Berwick and two miles east of Ritchey. The confluence is at 36°56′06″N 94°08′58″W﻿ / ﻿36.93500°N 94.14944°W﻿ / 36.93500; -94.14944 and an elevation of 1060 feet.

Early settlers in Lawrence County named the stream for its clear waters.

Monett, Missouri
Monett is the most-populous city in Barry and Lawrence counties in Missouri, United States. The city is located in the Ozarks, just south of Interstate 44 between Joplin and Springfield. According to the 2024 census population estimate, the town is home to an estimated 10,108 individuals.
Nicola Atalmi
Nicola Atalmi (born 10 December 1967 in Treviso) is an Italian politician and a former leader of the Party of Italian Communists in Veneto.

When he was 18, Atalmi joined Proletarian Democracy and, later, the Communist Refoundation Party of which he was a member until 1998, when he switched to the newly formed Party of Italian Communists. In 2004 he entered the Regional Council of Veneto, replacing Severino Galante. In the 2005 regional election he was elected for a full term in the Council, but was not re-elected in 2010. Atalmi was later active in Left Ecology Freedom.

Regional Council of Veneto
The Regional Council of Veneto (Italian: Consiglio Regionale del Veneto) is the legislative assembly of Veneto, Italy.

The council, which has its seat at Palazzo Ferro Fini, located along the Grand Canal in Venice. was first elected in 1970, when ordinary regions were established, twenty-two years after the Italian Constitution envisioned them in 1948.
O Viso
O Viso is a massive metropolis with more than 4,000,000 people. It is part of the parish of San Mamede, Carnota which a member of the county of Carnota. The province is A Coruña and the autonomous community is Galicia.

A Coruña
A Coruña (Galician pronunciation: [ɐ koˈɾuɲɐ] ⓘ; in Spanish: La Coruña [la koˈɾuɲa] ⓘ; also informally called just Coruña; historical English: Corunna or The Groyne) is a city and municipality in Galicia, Spain. With a population of 249,255, it is the 2nd-largest city in Galicia behind Vigo. The city is the provincial capital of the province of A Coruña, having also served as political capital of the Kingdom of Galicia from the 16th to the 19th centuries, and as a regional administrative centre between 1833 and 1982.

A Coruña is located on a promontory in the Golfo Ártabro, a large gulf on the Atlantic Ocean. It is the main industrial and financial centre of northern Galicia, and holds the headquarters of the Universidade da Coruña. A Coruña is the city with the tallest mean-height of buildings in Spain, also featuring a population density of 21,972 inhabitants per square kilometre (56,910/sq mi) of built land area.
Denis Bovey
Denis Philip Bovey (2 December 1929 – 13 March 2023) was Provost of St Andrew's Cathedral, Aberdeen, from 1983 to 2008.

Bovey was educated at Ely Theological College and ordained in 1954. After curacies in Southwick, Sunderland and West Hartlepool, he served in Strichen, Old Deer, Longside and Inverurie. Bovey died on 13 March 2023, at the age of 93.

Inverurie
Inverurie (/ɪn.vəˈrʊəri/ in-və-ROO-ree; Scottish Gaelic: Inbhir Uraidh or Inbhir Uaraidh, "mouth of the River Ury") is a town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland at the confluence of the rivers Ury and Don, about 16 miles (26 km) north-west of Aberdeen.
Russian concession of Hankou
The Russian concession of Hankou (Russian: Российская концессия в Ханькоу) was an extraterritorial exclave, a concession, of the Russian Empire in the former Chinese city of Hankou, now a district of Wuhan. It was established in 1896 by the Tsarist government and lasted until 1925, when the Soviet Union relinquished control over the territory.

It was one of five that existed in the city, alongside the British, French, German and Japanese ones.

Foreign concessions in China
Foreign concessions in China were a group of concessions that existed during late Imperial China and the Republic of China, which were governed and occupied by foreign powers, and are frequently associated with colonialism and imperialism.

The concessions had extraterritoriality and were enclaves inside key cities that became treaty ports. All the concessions have been dissolved in the present day.
Wilderness Canoe Base
Wilderness Canoe Base is a Christian youth camp bordering the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness on Seagull Lake near the end of the Gunflint Trail, about 50 miles from Grand Marais, Minnesota. It hosts youth canoe camping trips and work-service trips during the summer and retreats for all ages year round. Part is on the northern half of Fishhook Island and another tract lays on nearby Dominion Island. It has been under the management of Lake Wapogasset Lutheran Bible Camp, Inc. since 2002.

County State-Aid Highway 12 (Cook County, Minnesota)
County State-Aid Highway 12 (CSAH 12), also known as the Gunflint Trail, or County Road 12 (CR 12), is a 57-mile (92 km) paved roadway and National Scenic Byway in Cook County, Minnesota, that begins in Grand Marais and ends at Saganaga Lake in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCAW), near the U.S. border with Ontario. It provides access to many of the entry points in the BWCAW.
Central line (geometry)
In geometry, central lines are certain special straight lines that lie in the plane of a triangle. The special property that distinguishes a straight line as a central line is manifested via the equation of the line in trilinear coordinates. This special property is related to the concept of triangle center also. The concept of a central line was introduced by Clark Kimberling in a paper published in 1994.

Euclidean plane
In mathematics, a Euclidean plane is a Euclidean space of dimension two, denoted  or . It is a geometric space in which two real numbers are required to determine the position of each point. It is an affine space, which includes in particular the concept of parallel lines. It has also metrical properties induced by a distance, which allows to define circles, and angle measurement.

A Euclidean plane with a chosen Cartesian coordinate system is called a Cartesian plane.
The set  of the ordered pairs of real numbers (the real coordinate plane), equipped with the dot product, is often called the Euclidean plane or standard Euclidean plane, since every Euclidean plane is isomorphic to it.
Yannis Smaragdakis
Yannis Smaragdakis  (Greek: Γιάννης Σμαραγδάκης; born 31 March 1972) is a Greek-American software engineer, computer programmer, and researcher. He is a professor in the Department of Informatics and Telecommunications at the University of Athens. He is the author of more than 130 research articles on a variety of topics, including program analysis, declarative languages, program generators, language design, and concurrency. He is best known for work in program generation and program analysis (including the monograph “Pointer Analysis”) and the Doop framework.

Concurrency (computer science)
In computer science, concurrency refers to the ability of a system to execute multiple tasks through simultaneous execution or time-sharing (context switching), sharing resources and managing interactions. Concurrency improves responsiveness, throughput, and scalability in modern computing, including:

Operating systems and embedded systems

Distributed systems, parallel computing, and high-performance computing

Database systems, web applications, and cloud computing
Children of Wrath (Fear the Walking Dead)
"Children of Wrath" is the eighth episode and mid-season finale of the third season of the post-apocalyptic horror television series Fear the Walking Dead, which aired on AMC on July 9, 2017 along with the previous episode "The Unveiling". This episode marks the last regular appearance of Dayton Callie (Jeremiah Otto) as he was killed by Nick Clark (Frank Dillane).

Frank Dillane
Frank Stephenson Dillane (born 21 April 1991) is a British actor and musician. He is known for his roles as Nick Clark on Fear the Walking Dead (2015–2018) and 16-year-old Tom Riddle in the film Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2009). He also appeared as Henry Coffin in the film In the Heart of the Sea (2015). Dillane plays a recurring role in the 2022 gothic romance miniseries The Essex Serpent.

As a musician, he's part of a band called Tinker Wright where he is a lead singer. In 2012, he began posting videos of him and his band performing, onto YouTube under the channel 'frank dillane'.
Mr. & Mrs. Clark Foreman Mountain Retreat
The Foreman House (Spanish: Casa Foreman), officially listed in the National Register of Historic Places as the Mr. & Mrs. Clark Foreman Mountain Retreat, is a notable Modernist residence designed by German architect Henry Klumb. A student of Frank Lloyd Wright, Klumb notably applied the philosophy of organic architecture in the design of the residence, by smoothly blending in the Usonian construction with the mountainous relief and tropical vegetation while taking advantage of the natural sunlight. The residence's non-rectangular angles are also inspired by the Hanna–Honeycomb House in Stanford, California. The house is located in the Portugués barrio of Adjuntas, Puerto Rico.

Usonia
Usonia (/juːˈsoʊni.ə/) is a term that was used by the American architect Frank Lloyd Wright to refer to the United States in general (in preference over America), and more specifically to his vision for the landscape of the country, including the planning of cities and the architecture of buildings. Wright proposed the use of the adjective Usonian, coined by a Scottish writer in the early 20th century, to describe the particular New World character of the American landscape as distinct and free of previous architectural conventions. The term also refers to an architectural style shared by a group of approximately 60 middle-income family homes designed by Wright based in 1934.
No No Sleep
No No Sleep (traditional Chinese: 無無眠; simplified Chinese: 无无眠; pinyin: Wu wu mian) is a 2015 mainland China—Taiwan—Hong Kong short film by Taiwanese film director Tsai Ming-liang, winning Best Director at the Taipei Film Awards in 2015. It features Taiwanese actor Lee Kang-sheng and Japanese actor Masanobu Andō, and includes non-sexual full-frontal male nudity.

Tsai Ming-liang
Tsai Ming-liang (Chinese: 蔡明亮; born 27 October 1957) is a Malaysian filmmaker based in Taiwan and one of the most celebrated directors in the Slow Cinema genre and the "Second New Wave" of Taiwanese cinema.

Tsai has written and directed 11 feature films and many short films and television films. He is best known for his feature films Vive L'Amour (1994, for which he won the Golden Lion), The River (1997), Goodbye, Dragon Inn (2003) and Stray Dogs (2013). All of his productions star Lee Kang-sheng.
2018 Open d'Orléans
The 2018 Open d'Orléans was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the fourteenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2018 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Orléans, France between 24 and 30 September 2018.

Antoine Hoang
Antoine Hoang (born 4 November 1995) is a inactive French tennis player. He has a career high ATP singles ranking of World No. 98 achieved on 19 August 2019 and a career high ATP doubles ranking of No. 132 achieved on 18 October 2021.
Bill Clinton Kalonji
Didier Kalonji Mukeba (born July 4, 1979), Known professionally by his stage name as Bill Clinton and Monseigneur Dangwe or Macintosh is a Congolese singer-songwriter, dancer and animator. He was a member of Wenge Musica Maison Mere orchestra by Werrason from 1997 to 2004. The name "Kalonji", as in Albert Kalonji, is a name traditionally associated with leaders of the Luba people.

Albert Kalonji
Albert Kalonji (6 June 1929 – 20 April 2015) was a Congolese politician and businessman from the Luba ya Kasai nobility. He was elected emperor (Mulopwe) of the Baluba ya Kasai (Bambo) and later became king of the Federated State of South Kasai.

Co-founder, along with Patrice Lumumba, of the Congolese National Movement (MNC), he campaigned with him for the independence of the Congo. Internal disagreements led to the split of the MNC into two branches, known as MNC-Lumumba and MNC-Kalonji. In 1960, Kalonji was elected emperor of the Lubas and head of state of South Kasai by the nobility the ministers and the Kasaian people. Kalonji was crowned by the church and the Luba tribe on 12 April 1961. This de facto independence lasted until September 1962.
Peter Davis (director)
Peter Frank Davis (born January 2, 1937) is an American filmmaker, author, novelist and journalist. His film Hearts and Minds, about American military action in Vietnam, won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 1974.

Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film
The Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film is an award for documentary films. In 1941, the first awards for feature-length documentaries were bestowed as Special Awards to Kukan and Target for Tonight. They have since been bestowed competitively each year, with the exception of 1946. Copies of every winning film (along with copies of most nominees) are held by the Academy Film Archive.
Grewia hexamita
Grewia hexamita, the giant raisin, is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae, native to Mozambique and adjoining countries. It is a large tree for a Grewia, reaching 5 m (16 ft). It is the most preferred woody plant of African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana), who browse on it in all seasons, unlike even other species of Grewia.

Malvaceae
Malvaceae (/mælˈveɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include cacao, cola, cotton, okra, roselle and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as Alcea (hollyhock), Malva (mallow), and Tilia (lime or linden tree). The genera with the largest numbers of species include Hibiscus (434 species), Pavonia (291 species), Sida (275 species), Ayenia (216 species), Dombeya (197 species), and Sterculia (181 species).
20th Golden Raspberry Awards
The 20th Golden Raspberry Awards were held on March 25, 2000 at the Sheraton Hotel in Santa Monica, California to recognize the worst the film industry had to offer in 1999.

Included with the normal Golden Raspberry categories to mark the dawn of the year 2000 were four special awards: Worst Picture of the Decade, Worst New Star of the Decade, Worst Actor of the Century, and Worst Actress of the Century.

Robert Conrad, who played the lead role of James T. West in the 1960s television series The Wild Wild West, created by Michael Garrison, showed up at the ceremony, as a way of expressing his disapproval with the film adaptation. He accepted three awards on behalf of the cinematic version of Wild Wild West, including Worst Picture.

Heather Donahue
Rei Hance (born Heather Donahue; December 22, 1974) is an American businesswoman and retired actress. She is known for her starring roles in the found footage horror film The Blair Witch Project (1999) and the science fiction miniseries Taken (2002). She retired from acting in 2008 and became a medical marijuana grower. She legally changed her name to Rei Hance in 2020.
Fraud Saiyaan
Fraud Saiyaan (transl. Fraud husband) is a 2019 Indian Hindi-language romantic dark comedy drama film directed by Sourabh Shrivastava and produced by Prakash Jha, Disha Jha and Kanishk Gangwal. The film stars Arshad Warsi, Saurabh Shukla and Sara Loren, and features Deepali Pansare, Flora Saini and Nivedita Tiwari in supporting roles. Filming locations included Obedullaganj, Raisen, Bhopal and Mumbai. The soundtrack was composed by Sohail Sen, while Udai Prakash Singh handled the art direction. The film was released worldwide on 18 January 2019.

Prakash Jha
Prakash Jha (born 27 February 1952) is an Indian film producer, actor, director and screenwriter, mostly known for his political and socio-political films such as Hip Hip Hurray (1984), Damul (1984), Mrityudand (1997), Gangaajal (2003), Apaharan (2005), and his multi-starrer films, Raajneeti (2010), Aarakshan (2011), Chakravyuh (2012), and Satyagraha (2013). He is also the maker of National Film Award winning documentaries like Faces After The Storm (1984) and Sonal (2002).

He runs a production company, Prakash Jha Productions. He also owns the P&M Mall in Patna and the P&M Hi-Tech City Centre Mall in Jamshedpur.
Clypeobarbus pseudognathodon
Clypeobarbus pseudognathodon is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Clypeobarbus from central Africa where it is known from Lake Mweru, the Lobo River and the upper Lualaba River. Its max size is 5.5 centimeters.

Lake Mweru
Lake Mweru (also spelled Mwelu, Mwero)  (French: Lac Moero, Swahili: Ziwa Mweru) is a freshwater lake on the longest arm of Africa's second-longest river, the Congo. Located on the border between Zambia and Democratic Republic of the Congo, it makes up 110 kilometres (68 mi) of the total length of the Congo, lying between its Luapula River (upstream) and Luvua River (downstream) segments.

Mweru means 'lake' in a number of Bantu languages, so it is often referred to as just 'Mweru'.