hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kosmos 133
Kosmos 133 (Russian: Космос 133, meaning "Kosmos 133"), Soyuz 7K-OK No.2, was the first uncrewed test flight of the Soyuz spacecraft, and first mission of the Soyuz programme, as part of the Soviet space programme.

Soyuz programme
The Soyuz programme (/ˈsɔɪjuːz/ SOY-yooz, /ˈsɔː-/ SAW-; Russian: Союз [sɐˈjus], meaning "Union") is a human spaceflight programme initiated by the Soviet Union in the early 1960s. The Soyuz spacecraft was originally part of a Moon landing project intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon. It was the third Soviet human spaceflight programme after the Vostok (1961–1963) and Voskhod (1964–1965) programmes.

The programme consists of the Soyuz capsule and the Soyuz rocket and is now the responsibility of Roscosmos. After the retirement of the Space Shuttle in 2011, the Soyuz was the only way for humans to get to the International Space Station (ISS) until 30 May 2020 when Crew Dragon flew to the ISS for the first time with astronauts.
Sung-hee
Sung-hee or Seong-hui, also spelled Song-hui in North Korea, is a Korean given name.

People with this name include:

Entertainers

Jo Sung-hee (born 1978), South Korean male film director

Bada (singer) (born Choi Sung-hee, 1980), South Korean female singer

Ja Mezz (born Kim Sung-hee, 1989), South Korean male rapper

Ko Sung-hee (born 1990), South Korean actress

Sportspeople

Kim Song-hui (speed skater) (born 1965), North Korean male speed skater

Kim Song-hui (table tennis) (born 1968), North Korean male table tennis player

Hong Seong-hui (born 1969), South Korean female rhythmic gymnast

Park Sung-hee (born 1975), South Korean female tennis player

Ri Song-hui (born 1978), North Korean female weightlifter

Kim Song-hui (footballer) (born 1987), North Korean female footballer

Han Sung-hee (born 1990), South Korean female tennis player

Others

Baek Sung-hee (born 1970), South Korean female molecular geneticist

Yoon Sung-hee (born 1973), South Korean female writer

Kim Song-hui (footballer)
Kim Song-hui (Korean: 김성희; Korean pronunciation: [kim.sʌŋ.ɦi]; (born 23 February 1987) is a North Korean female footballer, who played as a striker for Pyongyang Sports Club in the Women's DPR Korea League.

Kim was selected for the North Korea women's national team, participating in the 2012 Summer Olympics and scored their two opening goals of the tournament on 25 July 2012, in a 2–0 win at Hampden Park, Glasgow against Colombia.
Music history of the United States to the Civil War
From the American Revolutionary War to the start of the American Civil War, American music underwent many changes.  The folk vernacular traditions diversified and spread across the nation, while a number of prominent composers of European art music also arose.

Stephen Foster
Stephen Collins Foster (July 4, 1826 – January 13, 1864), known as "the father of American music", was an American composer known primarily for his parlour and folk music during the Romantic period. Foster wrote more than 200 songs, including "Oh! Susanna", "Hard Times Come Again No More", "Camptown Races", "Old Folks at Home" ("Swanee River"), "My Old Kentucky Home", "Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair", "Old Black Joe", and "Beautiful Dreamer". Many of his compositions remain popular today.
Governor Nelson State Park
Governor Nelson State Park is a 422-acre (171 ha) Wisconsin state park located outside of Waunakee, Wisconsin  in the town of Westport on the north shore of Lake Mendota.  It is named for former Wisconsin Governor Gaylord Nelson. On most days the Wisconsin State Capitol building can be seen in nearby Madison.  Common activities include boating, fishing, picnicking and swimming.  There is also a boat launch and a swimming area for pets.  Away from the lake one can find restored prairie and savanna, effigy mounds, hiking trails and ski trails.  Governor Nelson State Park is one of the few Wisconsin state parks that does not allow overnight camping.Governor Nelson State Park is one of the few Wisconsin state parks that does not allow overnight camping.

Wisconsin State Capitol
The Wisconsin State Capitol, located in Madison, Wisconsin, houses both chambers of the Wisconsin Legislature along with the Wisconsin Supreme Court and the Office of the Governor. Completed in 1917, the building is the fifth to serve as the Wisconsin capitol since the first territorial legislature convened in 1836 and the third building since Wisconsin was granted statehood in 1848. The Wisconsin State Capitol is the tallest building in Madison, a distinction that has been preserved by legislation that prohibits buildings taller than the 187 feet (57 m) columns surrounding the dome.  That is, -within one mile of the Capitol.  1,032 feet above sea level=the 187-foot mark. The Capitol is located at the southwestern end of the Madison Isthmus in downtown Madison, bordered by streets that make up the Capitol Square.
Thomas Henry Fitzgerald
Thomas Henry Fitzgerald (1 December 1824 – 10 November 1888) was a British pioneer in sugar cane farming in the early days of the colony of Queensland, Australia. He was a politician, first in New Zealand, then in Queensland. His descendants went on to become notable names in Queensland politics, business and law. He is best remembered for founding the town of Innisfail.

During his life, Fitzgerald was a surveyor, sugar cane farmer, Superintendent, Colonial Treasurer and pioneer.

Wellington Province
Wellington Province, governed by the Wellington Provincial Council, was one of the provinces of New Zealand from 1853 until the abolition of provincial government in 1876. It covered much of the southern half of the North Island until November 1858, when Hawke's Bay Province split off, taking about a third of its area.
Tamil Nesan
The Tamil Nesan (Tamil: தமிழ் நேசன்) was a Tamil language newspaper published in Malaysia. Established in 1924, it was the oldest running Tamil newspaper in the country until its disestablishment in 2019.

First issued on 24 September 1924, the Tamil Nesan was a paper catering to the ethnic Indian community in Malaysia, primarily Tamilians, serving its readers with a variety of political, religious, nation, world, educational and Tamil cinema news. It was published daily and approximately 20,000 copies were sold every day. Like the Makkal Osai, the paper was affiliated with the Malaysian Indian Congress through its ownership by the family of former MIC president Samy Vellu.

The paper ceased publication on 1 February 2019, citing 10 years of financial difficulties.

Malaysian Indian Congress
The Malaysian Indian Congress (abbrev: MIC; Malay: Kongres India Se-Malaysia), formerly known as Malayan Indian Congress, is a Malaysian political party. Founded in 1946 to advocate for Indian independence from British colonial rule, it turned its focus to the struggle for independence of Malaya (now Malaysia). It positioned itself to represent the Indian community in Malaya and was a founding member of the Alliance along with the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) and Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), which later became Barisan Nasional. Previously seen as the political representative of Malaysian Indians, it has become increasingly marginalised electorally since 2008.
James Scott (marine)
James Scott (died 1796) was a Sergeant of Marines in the New South Wales Marine Corps and commander of the first quarter guard in New South Wales. He is notable for his journal describing his experiences in the First Fleet, which established the first European settlement in Australia in 1788.

Quarter guard
The quarter guard is a small detachment of troops that can be used as a ceremonial guard which may be mounted at the entrance of a military unit to pay compliments as required. A quarter guard is to consist of one non-commissioned officer and six or eight other ranks formed up in two ranks. It is technically a minuscule guard of honour.
Jean-Paul Alduy
Jean-Paul Alduy (born 7 May 1942) is a French politician. He is member of the Senate of France, representing the department of Pyrénées-Orientales as well as the president of the Urban Community of Mediterranean Perpignan.  An engineer by profession, he was a member of the Union for French Democracy and then the Union for a Popular Movement.  His parents, Paul and Jacqueline Alduy, also served as senators of France.

Pyrénées-Orientales
Pyrénées-Orientales (French: [piʁene ɔʁjɑ̃tal] ⓘ; Catalan: Pirineus Orientals [piɾiˈnɛwz uɾiənˈtals]; Occitan: Pirenèus Orientals [piɾeˈnɛwz uɾjenˈtals]; lit. 'Eastern Pyrenees'), also known as Northern Catalonia, is a department of the region of Occitania, Southern France, adjacent to the northern Spanish frontier and the Mediterranean Sea. It borders the departments of Ariège to the northwest and Aude to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the east and the Spanish province of Girona in Catalonia to the south and the country of Andorra to the west. It also surrounds the tiny Spanish exclave of Llívia, and thus has two distinct borders with Spain. In 2019, it had a population of 479,979. Some parts of the Pyrénées-Orientales (like the Cerdagne) are part of the Iberian Peninsula. It is named after the Pyrenees mountain range. Historically, most of the department corresponds with the northern part of the medieval and early modern Principality of Catalonia.
Julius Schubring
Johannes Julius Schubring (28 March 1839, Dessau – 5 June 1914) was a German classical scholar, known for his studies on the archaeological topography of Sicily. He was the son of the clergyman Julius Schubring (1806–1889), friend of Felix Mendelssohn, for whom he wrote the librettos of the oratorios St. Paul and Elijah.

From 1857 to 1862 he obtained his education at the universities of Erlangen, Bonn and Göttingen, and afterwards spent several years working as a tutor in Sicily. In 1868 he was appointed head teacher at the Katharineum in Lübeck, where in 1880 he succeeded Johann Friedrich Breier (1813–1880) as director.

Thomas Mann portrayed Julius Schubring in his first novel, Buddenbrooks as the head teacher, Prof. Wulicke. Schubring's youngest son Walther Schubring became an Indologist.

Katharineum
The Katharineum zu Lübeck is a humanistic gymnasium founded 1531 in the Hanseatic city Lübeck, Germany. In 2006 the 475th anniversary of this Latin school was celebrated with several events. The school uses the buildings of a former Franciscan monastery next to Saint Catherine Church, which was extended in the 1880s.

At the Katharineum it is possible to choose Latin as the first foreign language. In year nine it is also possible to choose ancient Greek as the third foreign language.

Thomas Mann, himself a student of the Katharineum, thought of this school when describing the school Hanno went to in the Buddenbrooks. Mann, who as a bad student had to resit two years, made it clear that he disliked the Katharineum by describing both the school and the teachers with strong sarcasm. His brother Heinrich Mann described the school and one infamous teacher in Professor Unrat.

Werner von Siemens

Stained glass

First floor plan of St. Catherine's monastery
2020 NCAA Division I women's soccer rankings
Three polls make up the 2020 NCAA Division I women's soccer rankings, the United Soccer Coaches Poll, the Soccer America Poll, and the Top Drawer Soccer Poll. They represent the ranking system for the 2020 NCAA Division I women's soccer season. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, only the United Soccer Coaches poll was released for the fall season. No preseason poll was released and a fifteen-team poll was released on September 22, 2020, as the first poll of the season.

Top Drawer Soccer released a national ranking on February 1 for the Spring Season.  The ranking took into account records of teams that played in the fall.

United Soccer Coaches
The United Soccer Coaches (formerly known as the National Soccer Coaches Association of America (NSCAA)) is an organization of American soccer coaches founded in 1941. It is the largest soccer coaches organization in the world, with more than 30,000 members. It offers training courses for both beginning and experienced coaches and a wide range of award programs. Rare among sports organizations, it serves its sport for both men/boys and women/girls. Geoff VanDuesen is the current Chief Executive Officer. The NSCAA was rebranded as United Soccer Coaches on August 2, 2017.
Museum Partnership School
The Museum Partnership School is a Fitchburg, Massachusetts public pilot school partnered with the Fitchburg Art Museum. It began as a small elementary school and has slowly grown to encompass a middle school program. Students at this institution have the chance to learn directly from the original art displayed at the museum. The name has since been changed to "FAA", or "Fitchburg Art Academy".

Fitchburg, Massachusetts
Fitchburg is a city in northern Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. The third-largest city in the county, its population was 41,946 at the 2020 census. Fitchburg State University is located here.
Troubadour (K'naan album)
Troubadour is the second studio album by Somali-Canadian hip hop artist K'naan, released February 24, 2009. The album features performances by Kirk Hammett, Chubb Rock, Chali 2na, Mos Def, Damian Marley, and Adam Levine. Production was completed by Track and Field, a team composed of R&B artists Gerald Eaton and Brian West.

The album contains songs produced by Bruno Mars, Philip Lawrence, and Ari Levine, before they became The Smeezingtons, ("Wavin Flag" and "Bang Bang") and also after ("Wavin' Flag" remixes).

Brian West (music producer)
Brian West (born March 12, 1971) is a Canadian record producer, songwriter, and musician. Formerly of the production team Track and Field, he is best known for his work with Nelly Furtado, Maroon 5, Awolnation, K'naan, and Bono. He co-produced Andy Grammer's single Honey, I'm Good with Steve Greenberg and Nolan Sipe. His most recent release, "Salted Wound," sung by Sia, is on the Fifty Shades of Grey soundtrack. West has been nominated for an Academy Award, two Grammy Awards and has won seven Juno Awards. West is a guitarist for the Canadian band The Philosopher Kings.
Babaji Vidhyashram School
Babaji Vidhyashram School is non-profit, independent, co-educational day school located in Old Mahabalipuram Road area of Chennai. BVS is affiliated to New Delhi–based, Central Board of Secondary Education.

Babaji Vidhyashram was founded in 2013. The school building was built in nine months and the first academic year commenced in the April, 2015.

Central Board of Secondary Education
The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) is a national-level board of education in India for public and private schools, controlled and managed by the Government of India. Established in 1929 by a government resolution, the Board was an experiment in inter-state integration and cooperation in the sphere of secondary education. There are more than 27,000 schools in India and 240 schools in 28 foreign countries affiliated with the CBSE. All schools affiliated with CBSE follow the NCERT curriculum, especially those in classes 9 to 12. The current Chairperson of CBSE is Rahul Singh, IAS.

The constitution of the Board was amended in 1952 to give its present name, the Central Board of Secondary Education. The Board was reconstituted on 1 July 1962 to make its services available to students and various educational institutions across the country.
Morriston
Morriston (/ˈmɒrɪstən/; Welsh: Treforys [trɛ'vɔrɪs]) is a community in the City and County of Swansea, and falls within the Morriston ward.

Morriston is sometimes referred to as a distinct town (for example, the local football club is named Morriston Town A.F.C.); however, it has yet to receive a town charter. It lies three miles northeast of the Swansea city centre and is considered part of the urbanised region. It is the most populous of Swansea's electoral divisions and is situated close to other communities including Plasmarl, Treboeth, Llansamlet, Cwmrhydyceirw, Clase, Ynystawe and Ynysforgan.

Treboeth
Treboeth is a suburb and historical village in the Mynydd-Bach and Penderry wards of Swansea, Wales.

Gwyrosydd Primary School and Welsh language primary school Ysgol Gynradd Gymraeg Tirdeunaw are in Treboeth. Gwyrosydd was the bardic name of Treboeth-born Daniel James, author of the Welsh language hymn Calon Lân, which is often sung in rugby matches, Welsh religious ceremonies and other events.

The village is home to several places of worship including Caersalem Chapel, St Albans, Treboeth Gospel Hall and Mynyddbach Chapel, as well as the listed Cwmgelli Cemetery.
Montagnes Noires
The Montagnes Noires (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃taɲ nwaʁ], 'black mountains'), also known as the Montagne Noire (French, 'black mountain') and in Breton as Menez Du are an east–west oriented range of hills in Brittany centred on the town of Gourin. They culminate in the peak of Roc de Toullaeron (Breton: Roc'h Toull-al-Laeron)
which attains a height of either 318m or 326m. Other significant peaks include Ar Menez (304m) and Montagne Noire (307m) (or, in Breton: Menez Du).
They are composed from a range of Precambrian, Ordovician, Silurian and Devonian rocks forming a part of the Variscan orogen and include sandstones, quartzites and slates.

The hills form a part of the border between the départements of Finistère and Morbihan and just extend into Côtes-du-Nord.

Morbihan
The Morbihan (/mɔːrbiˈɒ̃/ mor-bee-ON; French: [mɔʁbi(j)ɑ̃]; Breton: Mor-Bihan [moːrˈbiː(h)ãn]) is a department in the administrative region of Brittany, situated in the northwest of France. It is named after the Morbihan (small sea in Breton), the enclosed sea that is the principal feature of the coastline. It had a population of 759,684 in 2019. It is noted for its Carnac stones, which predate and are more extensive than the Stonehenge monument in Wiltshire, England.

Three major military educational facilities are located in Guer, including École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr, the national military academy for officers.
Kulata
41°23′15″N 23°21′50″E﻿ / ﻿41.38750°N 23.36389°E﻿ / 41.38750; 23.36389

Kulata (Bulgarian: Кулата [ˈkuɫɐtɐ], lit. 'the tower', Greek: Κούλα or Κούλατα) is a village in Petrich Municipality, Blagoevgrad Province, in southwestern Bulgaria. As of 2006 it has 892 inhabitants and the mayor is Dimitar Manolev. The village is a major border checkpoint on the border with Greece. The community of Promachonas in Serres regional unit lies across the border.

The first-class European route E79 and the railway from Sofia to Thessaloniki pass through the village. It will be an important stop on the Struma motorway.

Serres (regional unit)
Serres (Greek: Περιφερειακή ενότητα Σερρών) is one of the regional units of Greece, in the geographic region of Macedonia. It is part of the Region of Central Macedonia. Its capital is the city of Serres. The total population reaches just over 150,000.
Klementyna Mańkowska
Klementyna Mańkowska (born Klementyna Czarkowska-Golejewska on 1 August 1910; died 4 January 2003 in the Château Sermoise, Nevers) was a Polish aristocrat, who was a member of the Polish resistance and agent of Polish and British intelligence services during World War II.

Second Department of Polish General Staff
The Polish General Staff's Section II (Polish: Oddział II Sztabu Generalnego Wojska Polskiego, also called Dwójka ["Two"]) was a section of the Polish General Staff in the Second Polish Republic.

Section II was responsible for military intelligence, counterintelligence, cryptography, analysis of foreign military forces, and foreign affairs of the Polish Armed Forces. It existed 1918–1939.
Shantou University
Shantou University (Chinese: 汕头大学; pinyin: Shàntóu Dàxué; abbreviated STU), is a university under the provincial Project 211 program in Shantou, Guangdong. It was founded in 1981 with the approval of the State Council.

It is the only public university in China that receives funding from the Li Ka Shing Foundation.

It is supported by the Ministry of Education (MOE), the Guangdong Provincial Government and the Li Ka Shing Foundation.

Ministry of Education (China)
The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China is a constituent department of the State Council, responsible for basic education, vocational education, higher education, and other educational affairs throughout the country. The Ministry of Education acts as the predominant funder of national universities and colleges in China. The ministry also accredits tertiary institutions, degree curriculum, and school teachers of the country.

The Ministry of Education currently has 19 internal departments and bureaus. As of 2022, there were 75 colleges and universities affiliated with the Ministry of Education.
Norah Abdul Rahman
Norah binti Abdul Rahman (born 4 October 1958) is a retired Malaysian politician. She was the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Tanjong Manis constituency in Sarawak from 2008 until 2018, representing the Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu (PBB), a component party of the Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS) and formerly Barisan Nasional (BN) coalitions.

Norah is the daughter of former Yang di-Pertua Negeri (Governor) and Chief Minister of Sarawak, Abdul Rahman Ya'kub. Before entering politics, she was a businesswoman. She was elected to Parliament unopposed in the 2008 election, replacing Wahab Dolah as the PBB's nominee for the Tanjong Manis seat. She was re-elected in 2013, winning almost 90% of votes cast to defeat a Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) candidate. She did not re-contest the seat in the 2018 election.

Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu
Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu (abbrev: PBB; English: United Bumiputera Heritage Party) is a political party based in Sarawak, East Malaysia. It is currently the largest multiracial and bumiputera's political party in Sarawak. Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu was formed from the combination of three parties in Sarawak; Parti Negara Sarawak, Barisan Rakyat Jati Sarawak and Parti Pesaka Anak Sarawak. The formation of the party was for the purpose of the improvement of the livelihood and protect the rights of the Bumiputera in many sectors such as politics, social, sports, education, infrastructures, financial & monetary autonomy, science, and technology. Formerly as a part of Peninsula-based coalition Barisan Nasional (BN), following the defeat of BN in the 2018 general election and in the aftermath of a meeting between all Sarawak-based BN coalition parties on 12 June 2018, PBB left the coalition to form a new Sarawak-based coalition, Gabungan Parti Sarawak.
Croton eluteria
Croton eluteria, known as cascarilla, is a plant species of the genus Croton that is native to the Caribbean. It has been naturalized in other tropical regions of the Americas.  It grows to be a small tree or tall shrub, rarely reaching 20 feet (6 m) in height. Its leaves are scanty, alternate, ovate-lanceolate, averaging 2 inches (5 cm) long, with close scaling below, giving a metallic silver-bronze appearance, and scattered white scales above. The flowers are small, with white petals, and very fragrant, appearing in March and April. The scented bark is fissured, pale yellowish brown, and may be covered in lichen.

Diterpene
Diterpenes are a class of terpenes composed of four isoprene units, often with the molecular formula C20H32. They are biosynthesized by plants, animals and fungi via the HMG-CoA reductase pathway, with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate being a primary intermediate. Diterpenes form the basis for biologically important compounds such as retinol, retinal, and phytol. Some diterpenes are antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory.