hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
New River Parkway
The New River Parkway, planned to be West Virginia Route 125, is a proposed road that will run alongside the New River in Summers and Raleigh Counties in southern West Virginia. The parkway's planned route will run 10 miles (16 km) from West Virginia Route 20 near Hinton to Interstate 64 at Sandstone; an extension from Hinton to Princeton has also been proposed. As of 2018, construction has only been completed on a segment of the route north of Hinton.

The West Virginia Legislature approved the parkway in 1985, and plans for its route were proposed in 1991. The route between Hinton and Sandstone was finalized in 1998, but a controversy of the buying of land for the highway stalled its construction. In 2011, construction began on the first piece of the route, a 1.3-mile (2.1 km) segment north of Hinton; another segment to the north of the first is under construction as of October 2017.

Raleigh County, West Virginia
Raleigh County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 74,591. Its county seat is Beckley. The county was founded in 1850 and is named for Sir Walter Raleigh. Raleigh County is included in the Beckley, West Virginia, Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Elisabeth Gottschalk
Maria Karoline Elisabeth Gottschalk (28 October 1912 – 14 September 1989) was a German-born Dutch historical geographer and professor. She was noted for Stormvloeden en rivieroverstromingen in Nederland (Storm surges and river floods in the Netherlands), a three volume study into the historical storm surges and river floods, which is considered a standard work which corrected the existing theories behind storm surges.

Historical geography
Historical geography is the branch of geography that studies the ways in which geographic phenomena have changed over time. In its modern form, it is a synthesizing discipline which shares both topical and methodological similarities with history, anthropology, ecology, geology, environmental studies, literary studies, and other fields. Although the majority of work in historical geography is considered human geography, the field also encompasses studies of geographic change which are not primarily anthropogenic. Historical geography is often a major component of school and university curricula in geography and social studies. Current research in historical geography is being performed by scholars in more than forty countries.
Nathan French
Nathan French (born 20 April 1990) is a British volleyball player. French was born in Chelmsford, Essex and he competed for Great Britain at the 2012 Summer Olympics. French was the youngest member (at age 22) of the men’s team and started playing the sport in school when he was 13. French has also played professionally in Spain, France, Germany and Israel.

Great Britain men's national volleyball team
The Great Britain men's national volleyball team is the team representing Great Britain in volleyball competitions. The Great Britain Volleyball programme team was resumed in 2006 following an agreement of the FIVB to permit the separate Home Nations of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland to compete together for the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2012 Summer Paralympics.
Horsfieldia ampliformis
Horsfieldia ampliformis is a small rainforest tree in the family Myristicaceae, endemic to Papua New Guinea. It is only known to exist in the former Sepik Province (now East Sepik and Sandaun Provinces) and Morobe Province, where it grows in rainforests in the foothills and low areas of mountains.

Sandaun Province
Sandaun Province (formerly West Sepik Province) is the northwesternmost mainland province of Papua New Guinea (also known as home of the sunset). It covers an area of 35,920 km2 (13,870 sq mi) and has a population of 248,411 (2011 census). The capital is Vanimo. In July 1998 the area surrounding the town of Aitape was hit by an enormous tsunami caused by a Magnitude 7.0 earthquake which killed over 2,000 people. The five villages along the west coast of Vanimo towards the International Border are namely; Lido, Waromo, Yako, Musu and Wutung. It borders Indonesia.
Northrop Delta
The Northrop Delta was an American single-engined passenger transport aircraft of the 1930s.  Closely related to Northrop's Gamma mail plane, 13 were produced by the Northrop Corporation, followed by 19 aircraft built under license by Canadian Vickers Limited.

AB Aerotransport
AB Aerotransport (ABA) was a Swedish government-owned airline which operated during the first half of the 20th century and was merged into what would become the SAS Group. ABA was established on 27 March 1924 under the name Aktiebolaget Aerotransport by Carl and Adrian Florman together with Ernst Linder, John Björk and Johan Nilsson. Its first flight was on 2 June 1924 between Stockholm, Sweden and Helsinki, Finland. Needing more funds, it became government-owned in 1935. ABA was merged with Swedish Intercontinental Airlines (SILA) in 1948 and airline operations would ultimately be merged into the international SAS Group in 1950.
The Tragedy of Arthur
The Tragedy of Arthur is a 2011 novel by the American author Arthur Phillips. The narrative concerns the publication of a recently discovered Arthurian play attributed to William Shakespeare, which the main narrator, "Arthur Phillips", believes to be a forgery produced by his father. It was published by Random House.

The book takes the form of an edition of the play The Tragedy of Arthur, along with an extensive introduction and footnotes by Phillips, and additional notes by the publishers who argue for the play's authenticity. The introduction also serves as a memoir of the protagonist as he tells the story of his family and their connection to the apocryphal text.

Critics have reviewed the book positively. It was shortlisted for the International Dublin Literary Award.

David Crystal
David Crystal, OBE, FBA, FLSW, FCIL (born 6 July 1941) is a British linguist who studies the English language.

Crystal studied English at University College London and has lectured at Bangor University and the University of Reading. He was awarded an OBE in 1995 and a Fellowship of the British Academy in 2000. Crystal was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by Lancaster University in 2013. Crystal is a proponent of Internet linguistics and has also been involved in Shakespeare productions, providing guidance on original pronunciation.
De Olifant, Burdaard
De Olifant (Dutch pronunciation: [də ˈʔoːlifɑnt]; English: The Elephant) is a smock mill in Burdaard, Friesland, Netherlands which has been restored to working order. The mill is listed as a Rijksmonument, number 35673.

Rijksmonument
A rijksmonument (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈrɛiksmoːnyˌmɛnt] ⓘ, lit. 'state monument') is a national heritage site of the Netherlands, listed by the agency Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed (RCE) acting for the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science.

At the end of February 2015, the Netherlands had 61,822 listed national heritage sites, of which approximately 1,500 are listed as archaeological sites.
Gelechia turpella
Gelechia turpella, the grand groundling, is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is widely distributed in Europe. Outside of Europe, it is found from the Caucasus to Siberia and the Russian Far East. The habitat consists of woodlands and parks.

The wingspan is 16–22 mm. Adults are on wing from mid-June to early September.

The larvae feed on Populus nigra (including Populus nigra f. italica), Populus pyramidalis, Populus balsamifera and Populus laurifolia. They live living within a spun or rolled leaf of their host plant.

Populus balsamifera
Populus balsamifera, commonly called balsam poplar, bam, bamtree, eastern balsam-poplar, hackmatack, tacamahac poplar, tacamahaca, is a tree species in the balsam poplar species group in the poplar genus, Populus. The genus name Populus is from the Latin for poplar, and the specific epithet balsamifera from Latin for "balsam-bearing".

Populus balsamifera is the northernmost North American hardwood, growing transcontinentally on boreal and montane upland and flood plain sites, and attaining its best development on flood plains. It is a hardy, fast-growing tree which is generally short lived, but some trees as old as 200 years have been found.

The tree is known for its strong, sweet fragrance, which emanates from its sticky, resinous buds. The smell has been compared to that of the balsam fir tree.
First inauguration of James Madison
The first inauguration of James Madison as the fourth president of the United States was held on Saturday, March 4, 1809, in the chamber of the House of Representatives at the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. The inauguration marked the commencement of the first four-year term of James Madison as president and the second term of George Clinton as vice president. The presidential oath was administered by Chief Justice John Marshall. The President wore a 100% American-made wool suit, and the first official inaugural ball occurred at Long's Hotel, with ticket prices being $4 (currently about $80). Clinton died 3 years, 47 days into this term, and the office remained vacant for the balance of it. (Prior to ratification of the Twenty-fifth Amendment in 1967, no constitutional provision existed for filling an intra-term vacancy in the vice presidency.) Clinton was the first vice president to die in office.

Ratification
Ratification is a principal's legal confirmation of an act of its agent. In international law, ratification is the process by which a state declares its consent to be bound to a treaty. In the case of bilateral treaties, ratification is usually accomplished by exchanging the requisite instruments, and in the case of multilateral treaties, the usual procedure is for the depositary to collect the ratifications of all states, keeping all parties informed of the situation.

The institution of ratification grants states the necessary time-frame to seek the required approval for the treaty on the domestic level and to enact the necessary legislation to give domestic effect to that treaty. The term applies to private contract law, international treaties, and constitutions in federal states such as the United States and Canada. The term is also used in parliamentary procedure in deliberative assemblies.
The Dell, Leamington Spa
The Dell is a small park in the Milverton area of Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, England. Although it is not well known nationally (like The Jephson Gardens) or regionally (like Newbold Comyn), it is a well used and popular park amongst Leamingtonians themselves. The park takes its name from the fact that it is situated in a small sunken hollow, or dell.

Dell (landform)
In physical geography, a dell is a grassy hollow—or dried stream bed—often partially covered in trees. In literature, dells have pastoral connotations, frequently imagined as secluded and pleasant safe havens.

The word "dell" comes from the Old English word dell, which is related to the Old English word dæl, modern 'dale'. The term is sometimes used interchangeably with the word "dingle", although "dingle" specifically refers to deep ravines or hollows that are embowered with trees. The terms have also been combined to form examples of tautological placenames in Dingle Dell, Kent, and Dingle Dell Reserve, Auckland.
Girl Guides Association of Brunei Darussalam
The Girl Guides Association of Brunei Darussalam (Malay: Persatuan Pandu Puteri Brunei Darussalam; abbrev: PPPBD) is a non-governmental guiding organisation where all members serve as volunteers. With the motto "Always Ready," it promotes values like trustworthiness, helpfulness, politeness, obedience, thriftiness, and respect for animals and living things. Open to girls and young women of all backgrounds, the association focuses on developing self-respect and leadership skills through community service, teamwork, and identity-building projects. It prepares its members to serve their community, religion, race, and nation through various activities and initiatives.

Abbreviation
An abbreviation (from Latin  brevis 'short') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing full stop (period). For example, the term etc. is the usual abbreviation for the Latin phrase et cetera.
Stillwater Dam (Maine)
The Stillwater Dam is a hydroelectric dam on the Stillwater River in Old Town north of downtown Orono in Penobscot County, Maine. As a part of the Penobscot River restoration and the removal of the Great Works and Veazie dams, the Stillwater Dam and the Orono Dam will be upgraded to maintain previous levels of power generation.

Stillwater River (Maine)
The Stillwater River is an 11.5-mile-long (18.5 km) side channel of the Penobscot River in Maine. From its source (44°57′59″N 68°38′45″W﻿ / ﻿44.9664°N 68.6458°W﻿ / 44.9664; -68.6458﻿ (Stillwater River source)) in Old Town, the Stillwater runs 2.3 miles (3.7 km) northwest along the northeast side of Orson Island, the site of the Penobscot Indian Reservation. It then runs 9.2 miles (14.8 km) south along the west sides of Orson and Marsh islands, over three dammed falls. The stream rejoins the main stem of the Penobscot in Orono.

The University of Maine campus, including the Fay Hyland Botanical Plantation, overlooks the Stillwater River near its confluence with the Penobscot River.
Armand Lévy (activist)
Armand Lévy (12 March 1827 in Précy-sous-Thil – 23 March 1891) was a French lawyer and journalist.

Lévy was an anti-clericalist, a freemason, a republican and a socialist who supported the 1848 Revolution and the Paris Commune. Born in a Roman Catholic family, but with a Jewish grand-father, he was passionate about the Jewish cause. He fought alongside his illustrious friends, such as Adam Mickiewicz, Ion Brătianu and Camillo Cavour, for the independence of Poland and Romania, and for the unification of Italy.

French Revolution of 1848
The French Revolution of 1848 (French: Révolution française de 1848), also known as the February Revolution (Révolution de février), was a period of civil unrest in France, in February 1848, that led to the collapse of the July Monarchy and the foundation of the French Second Republic. It sparked the wave of revolutions of 1848.

The revolution took place in Paris, and was preceded by the French government's crackdown on the campagne des banquets. Starting on 22 February as a large-scale protest against the government of François Guizot, it later developed into a violent uprising against the monarchy. After intense urban fighting, large crowds managed to take control of the capital, leading to the abdication of King Louis Philippe I on 24 February and the subsequent proclamation of the Second Republic.
Fish in a Drawer
"Fish in a Drawer" is the seventeenth episode of the fifth season of the American sitcom Two and a Half Men and the 113th episode overall. The episode was written by Evan Dunsky, Sarah Goldfinger, Carol Mendelsohn and Naren Shankar, the writers of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, who swapped shows with the writing staff of Two and a Half Men.

The episode revolves around Teddy Leopold (Robert Wagner), who is found dead on Charlie (Charlie Sheen)'s bed during his mother's wedding reception. A crime scene investigation crew searches Charlie's house, trying to find out who murdered Teddy. "Fish in a Drawer" aired May 5, 2008, on CBS, and was watched by approximately 13 million viewers, making it the night's third most watched show, behind CSI: Miami and Dancing with the Stars.

Sarah Goldfinger
Sarah Goldfinger is a writer, showrunner, and executive producer known for her work on the Netflix series Trinkets for which she got 3 DayTime Emmy Awards and 11 nominations. She was a co-showrunner on Partner Track for Netflix.

Her other writing credits include Golden Globe-nominated Jane the Virgin, Parenthood, CSI, Brothers & Sisters, Hawaii Five-0, Grimm, Almost Human, Da Vinci's Demons, and the Charmed reboot. She has also developed pilots with CBS, HBO, and Freeform (formerly known as ABC Family).
Porva
Porva is a village in Veszprém county, Hungary in Zirc District. Located in the High Bakony Mountains, 6 km
(3.75 mi) from the city of Zirc and it is around 400 m (1313 ft) above sea level. From the village and the surrounding country side the twin caps of the Koris-hill (709 m or 2326 ft) and the Kék-hill (661 m or 2168 ft) creates a panoramic view.

By car 5 minutes from Zirc with its historical abbey, about 30 minutes from the city of Veszprém, 40 minutes from lake Lake Balaton, 45 minutes from Győr, the city of three streams, 1.5 hours from Budapest and Bratislava and 2 hours from Vienna.

Győr
Győr (US: /djɜːr, dʒɜːr/ DYUR, JUR, Hungarian: [ɟøːr] ⓘ; German: Raab; names in other languages) is the main city of northwest Hungary, the capital of Győr-Moson-Sopron County and Western Transdanubia region, and – halfway between Budapest and Vienna – situated on one of the important roads of Central Europe. It is the sixth largest city in Hungary, and one of its seven main regional centres. The city has county rights.
Willoch
Willoch is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Kåre Willoch (born 1928), Norwegian politician

Odd Isaachsen Willoch (1885–1940), Norwegian naval officer

Herman Willoch, Norwegian painter

Erik Willoch, Norwegian jurist

Sigurd Willoch, Norwegian art historian

Erik Willoch
Erik Willoch (19 December 1922 – 5 August 1991) was a Norwegian jurist and civil servant.

Born in Oslo as a brother of Kåre Willoch, he graduated as cand.jur. in 1948. He worked at the University of Oslo from 1950 to 1956, and then in the Office of the Attorney General of Norway from 1957. He was the director of the Norwegian Civil Aviation Administration from 1964 to 1989.
Toivo Aronen
Kaarlo Toivo Aronen (4 June 1886 – 1 November 1973) was a Finnish construction worker and politician, born in  Pori. He was in prison from 1918 to 1919 for having sided with the Reds during the Finnish Civil War. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1922 to 1923, representing the Socialist Workers' Party of Finland (SSTP). He was arrested in 1923 on sedition charges and was given a prison sentence. He was freed in 1928.

Sedition
Sedition is overt conduct, such as speech or organization, that tends toward rebellion against the established order. Sedition often includes subversion of a constitution and incitement of discontent toward, or insurrection against, established authority. Sedition may include any commotion, though not aimed at direct and open violence against the laws. Seditious words in writing are seditious libel. A seditionist is one who engages in or promotes the interest of sedition.

Because sedition is overt, it is typically not considered a subversive act, and the overt acts that may be prosecutable under sedition laws vary by jurisdiction.
Robert Wears
Robert L. Wears (1947 – July 15, 2017) was an American medical doctor, professor of emergency medicine, and safety researcher who integrated human factors in healthcare, doing studies of technical work in complex socio-technical systems, joint and distributed cognitive systems, and the impact of information technology on safety and resilient performance.

Described as one of the country's leading experts in patient safety and emergency medicine, Wears published over 400 articles, books, and book chapters related to patient safety, resilient health care, and emergency medicine.

There are two safety awards named in his honor: The Robert L. Wears Early Career Award offered by the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, and the Robert L. Wears Patient Safety Leadership Award offered by Jacksonville University.

Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
The Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES) is an interdisciplinary non-profit professional organization, headquartered in Washington, D.C., within the so-called Potomac Chapter of the organization. Founded in 1957, HFES now claims 4500 members worldwide. HFES has 67 active chapters throughout the United States, Canada, and Europe; 42 of these are student chapters, and 23 are technical groups.

Members of HFES address a broad spectrum of issues arising in the growing field of human factors and ergonomics. In addition to the Human Factors journal, produced by an independent contractor, HFES publishes the ANSI/HFES-100 standard for ergonomic workstation setups, approved by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 2007.

It was founded as the Human Factors Society of America.
Xestia gelida
Xestia gelida is a species of moth belonging to the family Noctuidae, found in Fennoscandia and northern Russia. It was first collected by Jacob Sparre Schneider on an expedition in Sør-Varanger Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway in 1882, and was described the following year. This was the only specimen known in Norway until 2010, when it was rediscovered in Nord-Trøndelag county.

The larvae are known to feed on Vaccinium myrtillus (European blueberry) and Taraxacum (dandelion). The adults are active from June to July.

The species is considered endangered in the 2015 Norwegian Red List and vulnerable in the 2020 Swedish Red List, primarily due to habitat loss.

In 1989, it was found to exhibit industrial melanism, possibly the first known case among subarctic fauna.

Vaccinium myrtillus
Vaccinium myrtillus   is a holarctic species of shrub with edible fruit of blue color, known by the common names bilberry, blaeberry, wimberry, and whortleberry. It is more precisely called common bilberry or blue whortleberry to distinguish it from other Vaccinium relatives.
Farako, Ségou
Farako is a small town and rural commune in the Cercle of Ségou in the Ségou Region of southern-central Mali. The commune lies on the north bank of the Niger River and contains 11 settlements in an area of 200 square kilometers. In the 2009 census it had a population of 17,570. The town of Farako is the chef-lieu of the commune.

Farako was an important military garrison town under the Segou Empire. It was one of the main headquarters of the Bambara resistance to the Toucouleur Empire from 1862 to 1891.

Ségou Empire
The Ségou Empire (also Bambara or Bamana Empire, Bambara: ߓߊ߲ߓߊߙߊ߲߫ ߝߊ߯ߡߟߊ, romanized: Banbaran Fāmala) was one of the largest states of West Africa in the 18th century.: 408  Along with Kaarta it was one of the most important successors of the Songhai Empire. Based on an earlier kingdom established in 1640, it grew into a powerful empire in the early 18th century under Bitòn Coulibaly. The empire existed as a centralized state from 1712 until the 1861 invasion by the Toucouleur conqueror El Hadj Umar Tall.
1902 Ontario general election
The 1902 Ontario general election was the tenth general election held in the province of Ontario, Canada.  It was held on May 29, 1902, to elect the 98 Members of the 10th Legislative Assembly of Ontario ("MLAs").

The Ontario Liberal Party, led by Sir George William Ross, formed the government for a ninth consecutive term, although with only a very slim, two-seat majority in the legislature.

The Ontario Conservative Party, led by Sir James P. Whitney formed the official opposition.

10th Parliament of Ontario
The 10th Legislative Assembly of Ontario was in session from May 29, 1902, until December 13, 1904, just prior to the 1905 general election. The majority party was the Ontario Liberal Party  led by George William Ross.

William Andrew Charlton served as speaker for the assembly.