hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Human skeletal changes due to bipedalism
The evolution of human bipedalism, which began in primates approximately four million years ago, or as early as seven million years ago with Sahelanthropus, or approximately twelve million years ago with Danuvius guggenmosi, has led to morphological alterations to the human skeleton including changes to the arrangement, shape, and size of the bones of the foot, hip, knee, leg, and the vertebral column. These changes allowed for the upright gait to be overall more energy efficient in comparison to quadrupeds. The evolutionary factors that produced these changes have been the subject of several theories that correspond with environmental changes on a global scale.

Sahelanthropus
Sahelanthropus is an extinct genus of hominid dated to about 7 million years ago during the Late Miocene. The type species, Sahelanthropus tchadensis, was first announced in 2002, based mainly on a partial cranium, nicknamed Toumaï, discovered in northern Chad.

The definitive phylogenetic position of Sahelanthropus within hominids is uncertain. It was initially described as a possible hominin ancestral to both humans and chimpanzees, but subsequent interpretations suggest that it could be an early member of the tribe Gorillini or a stem-hominid outside the hominins. The supposed bipedality based on the postcranial skeleton of Sahelanthropus has also been a subject of debate among paleoanthropologists.
Kouassi
Kouassi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Blaise Kouassi (footballer, born 1974), former Côte d'Ivoire football defender

Blaise Kouassi (footballer, born 1983), Ivorian footballer

Desmond N'Ze Kouassi (or Desmond N'Ze) (born 1989), Ghanaian footballer

Euphrasie Kouassi Yao (born 1964), Ivorian politician

Gervais Lombe Yao Kouassi known as Gervinho (born 1987), Ivorian footballer

Jean Evrard Kouassi (born 1994), Ivorian footballer

Marcus N'Ze Kouassi known as Marcus N'Ze (born 1987), Ghanaian footballer

Martial Yao Kouassi (or Martial Yao) (born 1989), Ivorian footballer

Venceslas Kouassi (born 1981), Ivorian-born Burkinabé footballer

Victor Kouassi (born 1971), Ivorian rugby union player

Xavier Kouassi (born 1989), Ivorian-Swiss footballer

Owen Kouassi (born 2003), Ivorian footballer

Arsène Kouassi (born 2004), Ivorian-Burkinabé footballer

Victor Kouassi
Victor Kouassi (born 20 July 1971 in Abidjan) is a former Ivorian rugby union player. He played as a fullback.

Kouassi played for Burotic Abidjan in Ivory Coast. He had four caps for Ivory Coast, from 1993 to 1995. He was called for the 1995 Rugby World Cup, playing all the three matches and scoring a conversion and two penalties, eight points in aggregate. He was the top scorer for Côte d'Ivoire in their first World Cup presence. He would not be called once more for his National Team.
Via Wireless
Via Wireless is a 1915 American silent drama film directed by George Fitzmaurice and starring Bruce McRae, Gail Kane and Brandon Hurst. The film was based on a 1908 play of the same name by Paul Armstrong and Winchell Smith and was adapted for the screen by Ouida Bergère. Some location shooting for the film was done in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Greenwich, Connecticut.

Greenwich, Connecticut
Greenwich (/ˈɡrɛnɪtʃ/ GREN-itch) is a town in southwestern Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 63,518. It is the largest town on Connecticut's affluent Gold Coast. Greenwich is home to many hedge funds and financial services firms due to its residential setting and proximity to Manhattan.

Greenwich is a principal community of the Bridgeport–Stamford–Norwalk–Danbury metropolitan statistical area, which comprises all of Fairfield County, and is part of both the greater New York metropolitan area and the Western Connecticut Planning Region. The town is the southwesternmost municipality in both the State of Connecticut and the six-state region of New England. The town is named after Greenwich, a royal borough of London in the United Kingdom.
Automatic picture transmission
The Automatic Picture Transmission (APT) system is an analog image transmission system developed for use on weather satellites. It was introduced in the 1960s and over four decades has provided image data to relatively low-cost user stations at locations in most countries of the world. A user station anywhere in the world can receive local data at least twice a day from each satellite as it passes nearly overhead.

NOAA-19
NOAA-19, known as NOAA-N' (NOAA-N Prime) before launch, was the last of the American National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) series of weather satellites. NOAA-19 was launched on 6 February 2009. NOAA-19 was in an afternoon Sun-synchronous orbit and was launched with the intention that it replace NOAA-18 as the prime afternoon spacecraft, which it did in June 2009.

The satellite was passivated and decommissioned on August 13, 2025 after experiencing a battery failure.
2024 American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game
The 2024 American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game was a college football game played on December 6, 2024 to determine the champion of the American Athletic Conference (The American) for the 2024 season. It was the tenth American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game. The game was scheduled to start at 8:00 p.m. EST and air on ABC. The game featured the Tulane Green Wave against the Army Black Knights. Army defeated Tulane 35-14 for its first conference championship in program history.

According to ESPN, the Black Knights' feat of no penalties, turnovers, or punts in the game was the first such performance by an FBS team in at least 20 years.

This was the last championship game played under the "American Athletic Conference" name. On July 21, 2025, the conference dropped the word "Athletic" from its name, becoming the American Conference.

2024 Tulane Green Wave football team
The 2024 Tulane Green Wave football team represented Tulane University in the American Athletic Conference (AAC) during the 2024 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Green Wave were led by Jon Sumrall in his first year as the head coach. The Green Wave played their home games at Yulman Stadium, located in New Orleans.
Bill Epstein
Arnold Leonard Epstein, known as Bill Epstein (13 September 1924 in Liverpool – 9 November 1999 in Hove), was a British social anthropologist. A member of the "Manchester School", he was known for his research on ethnicity and identity, particularly his book Ethos and Identity (1978), and for his ethnographic work in Central Africa and New Britain. In 1951 he joined the Rhodes-Livingstone Institute in Lusaka. He was a professor at the Australian National University (1958–1972) and Sussex University (1972–1982), as well as the vice president of the Royal Anthropological Institute (1982–1984). He was married to T. Scarlett Epstein and had two daughters.

New Britain
New Britain (Tok Pisin: Niu Briten) is the largest island in the Bismarck Archipelago, part of the Islands Region of Papua New Guinea. It is separated from New Guinea by a northwest corner of the Solomon Sea (or with an island hop of Umboi the Dampier and Vitiaz Straits) and from New Ireland by St. George's Channel. The main towns of New Britain are Rabaul/Kokopo and Kimbe.  The island is roughly the size of Taiwan.

When the island was part of German New Guinea, its name was Neupommern ("New Pomerania").  In common with most of the Bismarcks it was largely formed by volcanic processes, and has active volcanoes including Ulawun (highest volcano nationally), Langila, the Garbuna Group, the Sulu Range, and the volcanoes Tavurvur and Vulcan of the Rabaul caldera. A major eruption of Tavurvur in 1994 destroyed the East New Britain provincial capital of Rabaul. Most of the town still lies under metres of ash, and the capital has been moved to nearby Kokopo.
Governor of Çanakkale
The Governor of Çanakkale (Turkish: Çanakkale Valiliği) is the civil service state official responsible for both national government and state affairs in the Province of Çanakkale. Similar to the Governors of the 80 other Provinces of Turkey, the Governor of Çanakkale is appointed by the Government of Turkey and is responsible for the implementation of government legislation within Çanakkale. The Governor is also the most senior commander of both the Çanakkale provincial police force and the Çanakkale Gendarmerie.

Provinces of Turkey
Turkey is divided into 81 provinces (Turkish: il). Each province is divided into a number of districts (ilçe). Each provincial government is seated in the central district (merkez ilçe). For non-metropolitan municipality designated provinces, the central district bears the name of the province (e.g. the city/district of Rize is the central district of Rize Province). In the Ottoman Empire, the corresponding unit was the vilayet.

Each province is administered by an appointed governor (vali) from the Ministry of the Interior.
Anti-British sentiment
Anti-British sentiment is the prejudice against, persecution of, discrimination against, fear of, dislike of, or hatred against the British Government, British people, or the culture of the United Kingdom.

Persecution
Persecution is the systematic mistreatment of an individual or group by another individual or group. The most common forms are religious persecution, racism, and political persecution, though there is naturally some overlap between these terms. The inflicting of suffering, harassment, imprisonment, internment, fear or pain are all factors that may establish persecution, but not all suffering will necessarily establish persecution. The threshold of severity has been a topic of much debate.
Sunbash
Sunbash (Russian: Сюньбаш; Bashkir: Сөнбаш, Sönbaş) is a rural locality (a selo) in Nureyevsky Selsoviet, Sharansky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 51 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

Sharansky District
Sharansky District (Russian: Шара́нский райо́н; Bashkir: Шаран районы, Şaran rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Bakalinsky District in the northwest and north, Chekmagushevsky District in the northeast, Buzdyaksky District in the southeast, Tuymazinsky District in the south, and with the Republic of Tatarstan in the west. The area of the district is 1,384 square kilometers (534 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Sharan. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 22,514, with the population of Sharan accounting for 26.3% of that number.
Greifensteinite
Greifensteinite is beryllium phosphate mineral with formula: Ca2Fe2+5Be4(PO4)6(OH)4·6H2O. It is the Fe2+ dominant member of the roscherite group. It crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system and typically forms prismatic dark olive green crystals.

It was first described in Germany at Greifenstein Rocks, Ehrenfriedersdorf, and was named for the location. At the type locality, it occurs within a lithium-rich pegmatite in miarolitic cavities. It was approved by the International Mineralogical Association in 2002.

Miarolitic cavity
Miarolitic cavities (or miarolitic texture) are typically crystal-lined irregular cavities or vugs most commonly found in granitic pegmatites, and also in a variety of igneous rocks. The central portions of pegmatites are often miarolitic as the pegmatite dike crystallizes from the outside walls toward the center. The volatile portion of the magma is gradually excluded from the forming crystal phases until it becomes trapped within the body and forms the cavities which often contain minerals of elements incompatible with the typical silicate granitic mineralogy.

The miarolitic cavities and miarolitic pegmatites are sources of rare and unusual minerals containing elements not found in abundance in normal igneous rocks. Minerals containing lithium, rubidium, beryllium, boron, niobium, tantalum, tin, bismuth, fluorine and other elements can be found.

The term miarolitic comes from the Italian miarolo in reference to a variety of granite, rich in cavities, from Baveno in northern Italy.
Ingquza Hill Local Municipality elections
The Ingquza Hill Local Municipality council consists of sixty-four members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Thirty-two councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in thirty-two wards, while the remaining thirty-two are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. In the election of 1 November 2021 the African National Congress (ANC) won a majority of forty-six seats.

Ingquza Hill Local Municipality
Ingquza Hill Municipality (Xhosa: uMasipala wase Ingquza Hill), previously known as Qaukeni Municipality, is a local municipality within the OR Tambo District Municipality, in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa.
44th Oregon Legislative Assembly
The Forty-fourth Oregon Legislative Assembly convened in 1947 for its regular biennial session, from January 13 to April 5, at the Oregon State Capitol in Salem. Republicans held overwhelming majorities over the Democrats in both the Senate (25–5) and the House of Representatives (58–2). The body held no special sessions. The Senate President was Marshall E. Cornett (R–17 Klamath Falls) and the Speaker of the House was John Hubert Hall (R–5 Portland).

On 1947-10-28, Cornett died in a plane crash near Lakeview, Oregon, along with governor Earl Snell and secretary of state Robert S. Farrell, Jr. Because the House speaker is in the gubernatorial line of succession after the secretary of state and Senate president, Hall ascended to the governorship and completed Snell's term.

Marshall E. Cornett
Marshall Eugene Cornett (November 22, 1898 – October 28, 1947) was an Oregon businessman and American Republican politician serving in the Oregon State Senate and as Senate President during the 1947 legislative session. Along with Governor of Oregon Earl Snell and Oregon Secretary of State Robert S. Farrell, Jr., he was killed in a plane crash in 1947.
Yuan Chengye
Yuan Chengye (Chinese: 袁承業; pinyin: Yuán Chéngyè; Wade–Giles: Yüan Ch'eng-yeh; 1924–2018) was a Chinese organic chemist.

Yuan was born in Shangyu, Zhejiang province in 1924. He graduated from the National College of Pharmacy (now China Pharmaceutical University) in 1948 and received a Degree for Candidate for D.Sc from the All-Union Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, in Moscow in 1955. He worked at the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences after returning to China. He led a research team for nuclear fuel extractants since 1958. In 1997, he was elected an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He died on 9 January 2018.

Extraction (chemistry)
Stirrer bar

Still pot (the still pot should not be overfilled and the volume of solvent in the still pot should be 3 to 4 times the volume of the Soxhlet chamber)

Distillation path

Thimble

Solid

Siphon top

Siphon exit

Expansion adapter

Condenser

Cooling water out

Cooling water in

Extraction in chemistry is a separation process consisting of the separation of a substance from a matrix. The distribution of a solute between two phases is an equilibrium condition described by partition theory. This is based on exactly how the analyte moves from the initial solvent into the extracting solvent. The term washing may also be used to refer to an extraction in which impurities are extracted from the solvent containing the desired compound.
Nasrec
Nasrec is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is located in Region F of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.

The name "Nasrec" is an abbreviation for "National Agricultural, Sports and Recreation Events Centre", a 270h multi use exhibition site in former mining region Crown Mines and home of the Rand Show an agricultural, industrial and commercial exhibition held annually". Nasrec is the last station on its branch line of the Johannesburg Metro railway line and is home to the Johannesburg Soccer City (FNB Stadium) and Johannesburg Expo Centre.

City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality
The City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala weDolobhakazi laseGoli) is a metropolitan municipality that manages the local governance of Johannesburg, the largest city in South Africa. It is divided into several branches and departments in order to expedite services for the city. Zulu is the most spoken home language at 23.4% followed by English at 20.1%.

Johannesburg is a divided municipality: the poor mostly live in the southern suburbs or on the peripheries of the far north, and the middle and upper class live largely in the suburbs of the center and north. As of 2012, unemployment was near 25% and most young people were out of work. Around 20% of the municipality lives in abject poverty in informal settlements that lack proper roads, electricity, or any other kind of direct municipal service.
Nikolay Kondratyuk
Nikolay Fyodorovich Kondratyuk (Russian: Николай Фёдорович Кондратюк; born 11 July 1957), is a Russian politician who is currently the Senator of the executive authority of Penza Oblast since 21 December 2021. He had been the deputy director of the Federal Guard Service from 2016 to 2020.

Due to support for the violation of the territorial integrity of Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian war, he is under personal international sanctions from the European Union, the United States, the United Kingdom and a number of other countries.

International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Following the full declaration of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, which started on 24 February 2022, institutions such as the United States, the European Union, and other Western countries introduced or significantly expanded sanctions covering Russian president Vladimir Putin, other government members and Russian citizens in general. Some Russian banks were banned from using the SWIFT international payments system. The sanctions and the boycotts of Russia and Belarus have impacted the Russian economy in various ways. Nevertheless, Russian authorities have mitigated the impact of sanctions by procuring essential goods from consumer products that are rarely subject to export restrictions, by exploiting globalized supply chains, and by turning toward trading partners who have ignored Western sanctions, such as China, India, Turkey and the UAE.
Naufrage, Prince Edward Island
Naufrage is a community in Kings County, Prince Edward Island, Canada, in the northeast section of the province in Lot 43.

"Naufrage" is the French word for shipwreck.  The name stems from the numerous shipwrecks that occurred in the area, starting with the arrival of European settlers in 1719.

Once a booming area of Irish Moss collection, Naufrage is known today for lobster and tuna fishing, and tourism.

Lobster fishing
Lobsters are widely fished around the world for their meat. They are often hard to catch in large numbers, but their large size can make them a profitable catch. Although the majority of the targeted species are tropical, the majority of the global catch is in temperate waters.
2019 Australian Open – Girls' singles
Clara Tauson won the girls' singles tennis title at the 2019 Australian Open, defeating Leylah Fernandez in the final, 6–4, 6–3.

Liang En-shuo was the defending champion, but she participated in the women's qualifying competition where she lost to Bibiane Schoofs in the first round.

Federica Rossi
Federica Rossi (born 7 June 2001) is an Italian professional tennis player.

She has career-high rankings by the WTA of 605 in singles (July 2022) and 531 in doubles (August 2022). She has won two doubles titles on ITF-level in Monastir in 2020, partnering Nuria Brancaccio, and Antalya in 2021, partnering María Paulina Pérez.

Rossi made her WTA Tour main-draw debut at the 2019 Palermo Ladies Open, in the doubles draw, partnering Elisabetta Cocciaretto.
Truffle hog
A truffle hog is any domestic pig used for locating and extracting the fruit bodies of the fungi known as truffles from temperate forests in Europe and North America. Pigs have an exceptional sense of smell, and are able to identify truffles as deep as 3 feet (91 cm) underground. It was thought that the natural sex hormone androstenol of the male pig, which is also found in truffles, was responsible for this ability; however this has been proven false, as the molecule dimethyl sulfide was shown to signal instead. Pigs also have a natural affinity for rooting in the earth for food. They are trained to hunt truffles by walking on a leash through suitable groves with a keeper.

Dimethyl sulfide
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) or methylthiomethane is an organosulfur compound with the formula (CH3)2S. It is the simplest thioether and has a characteristic disagreeable odor. It is a flammable liquid that boils at 37 °C (99 °F). It is a component of the smell produced from cooking of certain vegetables (notably maize, cabbage, and beetroot) and seafoods. It is also an indication of bacterial contamination in malt production and brewing. It is a breakdown product of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), and is also produced by the bacterial metabolism of methanethiol.
Arbia (river)
The Arbia is a torrent in Tuscany, central Italy, a tributary of the river Ombrone. Its source is located in the comune of Castellina in Chianti, at 620 m above sea level. It flows into the Ombrone near Buonconvento.

The river is mentioned by Dante in his Divine Comedy, its waters becoming "stained red" (Inferno, Canto X, verse 86) in the wake of the Battle of Montaperti between Florence and Siena. Localities taking their names from Arbia include the comune of Monteroni d'Arbia and the frazioni of Arbia, Isola d'Arbia, Lucignano d'Arbia, Ponte d'Arbia, Taverne d'Arbia and Vico d'Arbia.

Taverne d'Arbia
Taverne d'Arbia is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Siena, province of Siena. At the time of the 2001 census, its population was 2,366.

Taverne d'Arbia is about 8 km from Siena.
Shahan Ali Mohsin
Shahan Ali Mohsin (born 13 July 2004, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India) is an Indian racing driver. He has won seven Indian National titles,< and the 2016 Asian Karting Championship - eight notable championships in total. He was awarded the Federation of Motor Sports Clubs of India (FMSCI) "Driver of the Year" in 2015, 2016, 2018, and 2019. He was nominated for the Arjuna Award in 2020 , one of India’s highest sporting honours.

Kart racing
Kart racing or karting is a motorsport discipline using open-wheel, four-wheeled vehicles known as go-karts or shifter karts. They are usually raced on scaled-down circuits, although some professional kart races are also held on full-size motorsport circuits. Karting is commonly perceived as the stepping stone to the higher ranks of motorsports. Most modern Formula One drivers, including Ayrton Senna, Michael Schumacher, Fernando Alonso, Kimi Räikkönen, Lewis Hamilton, Sebastian Vettel, Nico Rosberg, and Max Verstappen, have begun their racing careers in karting. NASCAR Cup driver Connor Zilisch also got his start in karting.

Karts vary widely in speed, and some (known as superkarts) can reach speeds exceeding 160 kilometres per hour (100 mph), while recreational go-karts intended for the general public may be limited to lower speeds.