hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Balta Raion
Balta Raion (Ukrainian: Балтський район, Balts'kyj rajon) was a raion of Odesa Oblast in southwestern Ukraine. Its administrative center was located in the city of Balta which was incorporated separately as the city of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Odesa Oblast to seven. The area of Balta Raion was merged into Podilsk Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 8,164 (2015 est.). Its population was 48,604 (including Balta) at the 2001 Ukrainian Census.

Odesa Oblast
Odesa Oblast (Ukrainian: Одеська область, romanized: Odeska oblast), also referred to as Odeshchyna (Одещина), is an oblast (province) of southwestern Ukraine, located along the northern coast of the Black Sea. Its administrative centre is the city of Odesa. Population: 2,351,382 (2022 estimate).

The length of coastline (sea-coast and estuaries) reaches 300 km (190 mi), while the state border stretches for 1,200 km (750 mi). The region has eight seaports and five of the biggest lakes, including Yalpuh Lake, in Ukraine. With over 80,000 ha (200,000 acres) of vineyards, it is also the largest wine-growing region in Ukraine.
Ploumanac'h
Ploumanac'h (French pronunciation: [plumanak] or [plumana], and in Breton [pluˈmãːnax]) is a village port in a natural harbour, part of the commune of Perros-Guirec, in the arrondissement of Lannion, in the Côtes-d'Armor department of the Brittany region of France. In 2015 it was voted "the village most preferred by the French". It lies 3 kilometres north-west of the town Perros-Guirec.

An outstanding feature of the area is the pink granite rock and sands of the Côte de Granit Rose coast. Buildings of interest are the tidal mill and the Ploumanac'h Lighthouse. The chapel of Saint Guirec faces the beach, opposite its little 12th-century oratory which is surrounded by the sea at high tide. The small chateau is not open to the public but it was the place where Henryk Sienkiewicz wrote Quo Vadis and gained himself a Nobel Prize in Literature.

Brittany (administrative region)
Brittany (French: Bretagne [bʁətaɲ] ⓘ; Breton: Breizh [brɛjs]; Gallo: Bertaèyn [bəʁtaɛɲ]) is an administrative region of Metropolitan France, comprising the departments of Côtes-d'Armor, Finistère, Ille-et-Vilaine, and Morbihan. Its capital and largest city is Rennes.

Bordered by the English Channel to the north, the Celtic Sea to the west, and the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay) to the south, Brittany's neighboring regions are Normandy to the northeast and Pays de la Loire to the southeast. It is one of two regions in Metropolitan France where all departments have direct access to the sea, the other being Corsica.

The region of Brittany is sometimes referred to as "administrative Brittany" in contrast to "historical Brittany" or "cultural Brittany", which also includes the Loire-Atlantique and whose potential reunification with the administrative region has been a subject of debate for decades.
John S. Kem
John Samuel Kem (born 1963) is a retired United States Army major general who last served as the 51st Commandant of the United States Army War College at Carlisle Barracks from July 28, 2017, to July 30, 2020. He previously served as the 1st provost of the Army University while dual-hatted as the deputy commanding general for education of the United States Army Combined Arms Center and deputy commandant of the United States Army Command and General Staff College. He was promoted to major general on October 3, 2016.

Kem earned his commission through a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from the United States Military Academy in 1985. He also holds a master's degree in
Environmental Engineering and a master's degree in business administration from Northwestern University, the latter from its Kellogg Business School. He is a Chartered Financial Analyst and registered professional engineer in Virginia, where he resides in Annandale as of his retirement.

Army University
The Army University is a professional military education university system of the United States Army. It is the largest professional military education system in the world, with over 150,000 soldiers educated in more than 88 occupations across its worldwide network of 70 schools. Approximately 25% of its curriculum is currently accredited, primarily for officer training, and initiatives are underway to accredit all enlisted training as well.
Dean Jamison
Dean Tecumseh Jamison (born c. 1943) is an American economist and leader in the study of global health. He is currently Senior Fellow in Global Health Sciences at University of California, San Francisco and an Emeritus Professor of Global Health at the University of Washington in Seattle. He has published in health economics, global health, education economics, and decision theory.

Decision theory
Decision theory or the theory of rational choice is a branch of probability, economics, and analytic philosophy that uses expected utility and probability to model how individuals would behave rationally under uncertainty. It differs from the cognitive and behavioral sciences in that it is mainly prescriptive and concerned with identifying optimal decisions for a rational agent, rather than describing how people actually make decisions. Despite this, the field is important to the study of real human behavior by social scientists, as it lays the foundations to mathematically model and analyze individuals in fields such as sociology, economics, criminology, cognitive science, moral philosophy and political science.
Lord Richmond
There have been many peerages in the British isles which refer to Richmond.

Richmond in Yorkshire

Honour of Richmond

Earl of Richmond

Duke of Richmond

William Hague, Baron Hague of Richmond

Brenda Hale, Baroness Hale of Richmond

Angela Harris, Baroness Harris of Richmond

Nick Houghton, Baron Houghton of Richmond

Richmond in Greater London

Zac Goldsmith, Baron Goldsmith of Richmond Park

Chris Holmes, Baron Holmes of Richmond

Alan Watson, Baron Watson of Richmond

Patrick Wright, Baron Wright of Richmond

Other

Anthony Royle, Baron Fanshawe of Richmond, of South Cerney in the County of Gloucestershire

Nick Houghton
Field Marshal John Nicholas Reynolds Houghton, Baron Houghton of Richmond, GCB, CBE, DL (/ˈhɔːtən/ HAW-tən; born 18 October 1954) is a retired senior British Army officer and former Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) of the British Armed Forces. He was appointed CDS in July 2013, following the retirement of General Sir David Richards. He served as Commanding Officer of the 1st Battalion, the Green Howards in Northern Ireland during The Troubles and later became Commander of the 39th Infantry Brigade in Northern Ireland. He deployed as Senior British Military Representative and Deputy Commanding General, Multi-National Force – Iraq during the Iraq War. Later, he became Chief of Joint Operations at Permanent Joint Headquarters and served as Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff until assuming the position of CDS. Houghton retired from the British Army in July 2016, and was succeeded as CDS by Air Chief Marshal Sir Stuart Peach.
CoRR hypothesis
The CoRR hypothesis states that the location of genetic information in cytoplasmic organelles permits regulation of its expression by the reduction-oxidation ("redox") state of its gene products.

CoRR is short for "co-location for redox regulation", itself a shortened form of "co-location (of gene and gene product) for (evolutionary) continuity of redox regulation of gene expression".

CoRR was put forward explicitly in 1993 in a paper in the Journal of Theoretical Biology with the title "Control of gene expression by redox potential and the requirement for chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes".  The central concept had been outlined in a review of 1992.  The term CoRR was introduced in 2003 in a paper in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society entitled "The function of genomes in bioenergetic organelles".

Gene product
A gene product is the biochemical material, either RNA or protein, resulting from the expression of a gene. A measurement of the amount of gene product is sometimes used to infer how active a gene is. Abnormal amounts of gene product can be correlated with disease-causing alleles, such as the overactivity of oncogenes, which can cause cancer.
A gene is defined as "a hereditary unit of DNA that is required to produce a functional product". Regulatory elements include:

Promoter region

TATA box

Polyadenylation sequences

Enhancers

These elements work in combination with the open reading frame to create a functional product. This product may be transcribed and be functional as RNA or is translated from mRNA to a protein to be functional in the cell.
Pollanisus edwardsi
Pollanisus edwardsi is a moth of the family Zygaenidae. It is found in Australia from southern Queensland to Victoria.

The length of the forewings is 9–11 mm for males and 7–8.5 mm for females, making it the largest species in the genus Pollanisus. There is one generation per year in Victoria and New South Wales and two generations in Queensland.

Zygaenidae
The Zygaenidae moths are a family of Lepidoptera. The majority of zygaenids are tropical, but they are nevertheless quite well represented in temperate regions. Some of the 1000 or so species are commonly known as burnet or forester moths, often qualified by the number of spots, although other families also have 'foresters'. They are also sometimes called smoky moths.

All 43 species of Australian zygaenids are commonly known as foresters and belong to the tribe Artonini. The only nonendemic species in Australia is Palmartona catoxantha, a Southeast Asian pest species which is believed to be already present in Australia or likely to arrive soon.
Loud Hailer (album)
Loud Hailer is the eleventh and final studio album by guitarist Jeff Beck, released on 15 July 2016 on Atco Records.  It would be Beck's final solo album, almost seven years before his death on 10 January 2023.

Atco Records
ATCO Records is an American record label founded in 1955. It is owned by Warner Music Group and operates as an imprint of Atlantic Records. After several decades of dormancy and infrequent activity under alternating Warner Music labels, the company was relaunched by Atlantic Records in early 2020.
Cammy Thomas
Cammy Thomas is an American poet. Her first book, Cathedral of Wish, received the Norma Farber First Book Award from the Poetry Society of America.  A fellowship from the Ragdale Foundation helped her complete her second, Inscriptions. Her third collection, Tremors, appeared in 2021. All are published by Four Way Books. Two of her poems, under the title  Far Past War, were set to music by her sister, composer Augusta Read Thomas.  The premiere of this choral work was performed by the Cathedral Choral Society at the National Cathedral in Washington, D.C. in March, 2022. Thomas currently lives in Bolton, Massachusetts.

Augusta Read Thomas
Augusta Read Thomas (born April 24, 1964) is an American composer and University Professor of Composition in the Department of Music at the University of Chicago, where she is also director of the Chicago Center for Contemporary Composition.
Betty (film)
Betty is a 1992 French psychological drama film written and directed by Claude Chabrol, based on the 1961 novel of the same title by Georges Simenon. The film stars Marie Trintignant and Stéphane Audran, with Jean-François Garreaud, Yves Lambrecht, Christiane Minazzoli and Pierre Vernier. It was released in France on 19 February 1992 by MK2 Diffusion.

Psychological drama
Psychological drama, or psychodrama, is a subgenre of drama and psychological fiction literatures that generally focuses upon the emotional, mental, and psychological development of the protagonists and other characters within the narrative, which is highlighted by the drama. It is widely known as one of the main subgenres of psychological fiction; the subgenre is commonly used for films and television series.
2017 Camping World 500
The 2017 Camping World 500 was a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held on March 19, 2017, at Phoenix International Raceway in Avondale, Arizona. Contested over 314 laps, extended from 312 laps due to overtime, on the 1-mile (1.6-kilometre) oval, it was the fourth race of the 2017 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season. Ryan Newman won the race, taking his – and Richard Childress Racing's – first Cup Series victory since 2013.

Avondale, Arizona
Avondale is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States, adjacent to Phoenix. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 89,334, up from 76,238 in 2010 and 35,883 in 2000.

Avondale, incorporated in 1946, has experienced rapid residential and commercial growth in the years since 1980. Once primarily a sparsely populated farming community with many acres of alfalfa and cotton fields, Avondale has transformed into a major bedroom suburb for Phoenix.
Autobiography of Parley Parker Pratt
The Autobiography of Parley Parker Pratt is the 1874 posthumous autobiography of Latter Day Saint apostle Parley P. Pratt. It was compiled from Pratt's writings by Pratt's son, Parley P. Pratt Jr., with assistance from his wife and apostle John Taylor.

The Autobiography is the most frequently read of Pratt's several works, and it has been suggested that "excluding Lucy Mack Smith's Biographical Sketches ..., it is possibly the most important [Latter Day Saint] historical work written in the nineteenth century". The same author states that due to its accessible prose, it "remains one of the most frequently read texts for Latter-day Saints even in the twenty-first century".

Apostle (Latter Day Saints)
In the Latter Day Saint movement, an apostle is a "special witness of the name of Jesus Christ who is sent to teach the principles of salvation to others." In many Latter Day Saint churches, an apostle is a priesthood office of high authority within the church hierarchy. In many churches, apostles may be members of the Quorum of the Twelve and First Presidency of the church. In most Latter Day Saint churches, modern-day apostles are considered to have the same status and authority as the Biblical apostles.

In the Latter Day Saint tradition, apostles and prophets are believed to be the foundation of the church, Jesus Christ himself being the chief cornerstone. The "Articles of Faith", written by Joseph Smith, mentions apostles:

"We believe in the same organization that existed in the Primitive Church, namely, apostles, prophets, pastors, teachers, evangelists, and so forth."
Edward C. Papenfuse
Edward C. Papenfuse (born October 15, 1943) is the retired Maryland State Archivist and Commissioner of Land Patents.

Papenfuse received his undergraduate degree from the American University, an M.A. from the University of Colorado, and a Ph.D. in history from The Johns Hopkins University. He holds an honorary doctorate of letters from Washington College. His son Eric is the former mayor of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

Washington College
Washington College is a private liberal arts college in Chestertown, Maryland, United States. Maryland granted Washington College its charter in 1782. George Washington supported the founding of the college by consenting to have the "College at Chester" named in his honor through financial support and service on the college's Board of Visitors and Governors. Washington College is the 10th-oldest college in the United States and was the first college chartered after American independence. The school became coeducational in 1891.
2-Amino-4-deoxychorismate dehydrogenase
2-Amino-4-deoxychorismate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.8.16, ADIC dehydrogenase, 2-amino-2-deoxyisochorismate dehydrogenase, SgcG) is an enzyme with systematic name (2S)-2-amino-4-deoxychorismate:FMN oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

It converts 2-amino-2-deoxyisochorismic acid (1) into 3-(1-carboxyvinyloxy)anthranilic acid (2) by oxidation using flavin mononucleotide (FMN) as its cofactor.

This reaction is part of the biosynthesis of the benzoxazolinate moiety of the enediyne antitumour antibiotic C-1027 from Streptomyces globisporus. The intermediate acid (1) is produced from chorismic acid by the enzyme 2-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase:

Enediyne
Enediynes are organic compounds containing two triple bonds and one double bond.

Enediynes are most notable for their limited use as antitumor antibiotics (known as enediyne anticancer antibiotics). They are efficient at inducing apoptosis in cells, but cannot differentiate cancerous cells from healthy cells. Consequently, research is being conducted to increase the specificity of enediyne toxicity.
Raukokore
Raukokore is a small settlement close to the East Cape in the northeastern North Island of New Zealand. It is located on State Highway 35, close to the mouth of the Raukokore River, 40 kilometres to the west of Hicks Bay.

Raukokore's most notable feature is its Anglican church, Christ Church, a landmark of the East Cape region, which stands isolated close to the shore of Papatea Bay. The church was named as one of the East Cape/Gisborne region's "101 must-do" sites by the New Zealand Automobile Association. The church was designed and built by Duncan Stirling in 1894. Stirling married local Raukokore chief Mihi Kōtukutuku in the church in 1896. The church is listed as a Category 1 Historic Place by Heritage New Zealand.

Raukokore is administered by the Ōpōtiki District Council.

Hicks Bay
Hicks Bay or Wharekahika   (officially Wharekahika / Hicks Bay) is a bay and coastal area in the Gisborne District of the North Island of New Zealand. It is situated 150 km east of Ōpōtiki and 186 km north of Gisborne city, along State Highway 35 between Potaka and Te Araroa.

The area is named after Zachary Hickes, second-in-command of James Cook's Endeavour, which sailed along the East Cape on 31 October 1769. On 10 June 2019, the name of the bay was officially changed to Wharekahika / Hicks Bay.
Snowpatch Crag
Snowpatch Crag is a 6,345 ft (1,930 m) elevation glaciated mountain summit located in the Boundary Ranges of the Coast Mountains, in the U.S. state of Alaska. Snowpatch Crag is a nunatak surrounded by the Taku Glacier, and is situated near the west side of the Juneau Icefield, 25 mi (40 km) north of Juneau, and 1.8 mi (3 km) northeast of The Snow Towers, on land managed by Tongass National Forest. The mountain was named by members of the Juneau Icefield Research Project in 1964, and was officially adopted in 1965 by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names. Variant names for this geographic feature are "Snowpatch Peak" and "Snowpatch Craig."

United States Board on Geographic Names
The United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) is a federal body operating under the United States secretary of the interior. The purpose of the board is to establish and maintain uniform usage of geographic names throughout the federal government of the United States.
Hypotensive transfusion reaction
A Hypotensive transfusion reaction or HTR is a rare condition that presents with low blood pressure associated with administration of blood products. The low blood pressure quickly resolves when the transfusion is stopped.

HTRs are caused by the production of bradykinin produced through Factor XII activation by negatively charged surfaces such as filters. When mechanisms for the degradation of bradykinin are impaired, the peptide builds up and causes hypotension. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is primarily responsible for its degradation (75%) but can be inhibited by administration of blood pressure medications called ACE inhibitors. Polymorphisms in ACE or aminopeptidase P (APP), another enzyme responsible for bradykinin degradation (20%) may also contribute to HTRs.

Factor XII
Coagulation factor XII, also known as  Hageman factor, is a plasma protein involved in coagulation. It is the zymogen form of factor XIIa (EC 3.4.21.38), an enzyme of the serine protease (or serine endopeptidase) class.  In humans, factor XII is encoded by F12 gene.
4th Illinois General Assembly
The 4th Illinois General Assembly, consisting of the Illinois Senate and the Illinois House of Representatives, met from November 15, 1824, to January 18, 1825, and again from January 2, 1826, to January 18, 1826,  at The Vandalia State House.  The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the provisions of the First Illinois Constitution. Political parties were not established in the State at the time.

The 4th General Assembly was preceded by the 3rd Illinois General Assembly, and was succeeded by the 5th Illinois General Assembly.

Washington County, Illinois
Washington County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 13,761. Its county seat is Nashville. It is located in the southern portion of Illinois known locally as "Little Egypt".
Bardhaman-Rampurhat Section
The Barddhaman–Rampurhat section is a railway line connecting Bardhaman and Rampurhat. This 112 kilometres (69 mi) track is part of the Howrah-New Jalpaiguri Main Line and Sahibganj Loop. It is under the jurisdiction of Howrah Division of Eastern Railway.A large number of local, express and superfast trains, along with a huge volume of freight traffic, operate on this route every day.

Eastern Railway zone
22°34′21.8″N 88°21′50.2″E﻿ / ﻿22.572722°N 88.363944°E﻿ / 22.572722; 88.363944

The Eastern Railway (abbreviated ER) is among the 19 zones of the Indian Railways. Its headquarters is at Fairley Place (Kolkata) and comprises four divisions: Howrah, Malda, Sealdah, and Asansol. Each division is headed by a Divisional Railway Manager (DRM). The name of the division denotes the name of the city where the divisional headquarters is located. Eastern Railway oversees the largest and second largest rail complexes in the country, Howrah Junction and Sealdah railway station, and also contains the highest number of A1 and A Category Stations like Howrah, Malda Town,
Sealdah, Asansol, Kolkata, Durgapur, Barddhaman, Jasidih, Madhupur, Rampurhat Junction, Bhagalpur, Jamalpur, Bandel and Naihati. Eastern Railways operates India's oldest train, Kalka Mail.
Abdul Aziz bin Laboun
Abdul Aziz bin Abdullah bin Laboun (Arabic: عبدالعزيز بن لعبون) is a Saudi geologist, traveler, and historian specializing in petroleum geology. His interest in geology and oil history in Saudi Arabia extended to other fields including history and popular literature. He has published many books, including the Journey of Oil Exploration and Industry in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the book, Najdi Historians and Their Effects.

Petroleum geology
Petroleum geology is the study of the origins, occurrence, movement, accumulation, and exploration of hydrocarbon fuels. It refers to the specific set of geological disciplines that are applied to the search for hydrocarbons (oil exploration).