hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nazar Mohammad Mutmaeen
Nazar Mohammad Mutmaeen (Pashto: نظرمحمد مطمین) (born 1973) is an Afghan writer, journalist and political analyst. He previously served as acting head of the National Olympic Committee of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan under the Taliban government.  The International Olympic Committee has not recognized Muatmeen and considers his predecessor Hafizullah Wali Rahimi to be the legitimate president in exile of the Afghan Olympic Committee.

Mutmaeen was born in 1973 in Nad Ali District of Helmand province, Afghanistan. He studied at Nangarhar University and graduated with a degree in civil engineering from Kabul University.

Nangarhar University
Nangarhar University (Pashto: د ننګرهار پوهنتون; Dari: پوهنتون ننگرهار) is the largest public university in Jalalabad, which is the capital of Nangarhar Province in eastern Afghanistan. The university is under the control of the Ministry of Higher Education, which is headquartered in Kabul. Its current chancellor is Sheikh Inamullah Madani. His predecessor was Dr. Khalil Ahmad Mahmoud Behsudwal.

Nangarhar University is one of the oldest and the second largest university in Afghanistan. It has 13 colleges and 15,385 students. The university was established in 1963 as a medical college. It was later merged with other local colleges to become a full-fledged university. It now houses faculties in agriculture, engineering, literature, economic, medicine, theology, pedagogy, public administration and policy, political science and veterinary medicine.
2024 Canberra Tennis International – Women's singles
Katie Boulter was the defending champion but chose not to defend her title as she was competing at the United Cup being held during the same week.

Nuria Párrizas Díaz won the title, defeating Harriet Dart 6–4, 6–3 in the final.

Katie Boulter
Katie Charlotte Boulter (born 1 August 1996) is a British professional tennis player. She has a career-high WTA singles ranking of world No. 23, achieved on 4 November 2024 and a best doubles ranking of No. 277, reached on 6 January 2025. Boulter has won four singles titles on the WTA Tour. She has also won one WTA 125 singles title, as well as seven singles titles and four doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.

Boulter was ranked the No. 10 junior tennis player in the world in March 2014. She is based at the Lawn Tennis Association's National Tennis Centre in Roehampton and was coached by Jeremy Bates, Nigel Sears and Mark Taylor.
Coser
Coser is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Achille Coser (born 1982), Italian footballer

George Lucas Coser (born 1984), Brazilian footballer

Lewis A. Coser (1913–2003), American sociologist

Rose Laub Coser (1916–1994), German-American sociologist, educator, and social justice activist

Lewis A. Coser
Lewis Alfred Coser (27 November 1913 in Berlin – 8 July 2003 in Cambridge, Massachusetts) was a German-American sociologist, serving as the 66th president of the American Sociological Association in 1975.
Pro-Design
Pro-Design GmbH is an Austrian aircraft manufacturer based in Innsbruck. It was founded in 1986, in Natters. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of paragliders and powered parachute canopies, in the form of ready-to-fly aircraft.

The company is a Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung, an Austrian limited liability company.

Reviewer Noel Bertrand described the company in a 2003 review as having a very "well-balanced range" of gliders. At that time the company's line included the two-place Carrier, beginner Effect, intermediate Jazz and Pro-Ject, plus the Titan.

The company also makes heavy parafoil wings under the name Sycon Aircraft.

Paragliding
Paragliding is the recreational and competitive adventure sport of  flying paragliders: lightweight, free-flying, foot-launched glider aircraft with no rigid primary structure. The pilot sits in a harness or in a cocoon-like 'pod' suspended below a fabric wing. Wing shape is maintained by the suspension lines, the pressure of air entering vents in the front of the wing, and the aerodynamic forces of the air flowing over the outside.

Despite not using an engine, paraglider flights can last many hours and cover many hundreds of kilometres, though flights of one to five hours and covering some tens of kilometres are more the norm. By skillful exploitation of sources of lift, the pilot may gain height, often climbing to altitudes of a few thousand metres.
James Meehan High School
James Meehan High School is a government-funded co-educational secondary day school, located at 58 Harold Street, Macquarie Fields, a south-western suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Established in 1975, the school caters to students in Year 7 to Year 12; and is operated by the New South Wales Department of Education.

Year 7
Year 7 is an educational year group in schools in many countries including England, Wales, Australia and New Zealand. It is the seventh full year (or eighth in Australia and England) of compulsory education and is roughly equivalent to grade 6 in the United States and Canada (or to grade 7 for the Australian Year 7). Children in this year are between 11 and 12.
2024 Thailand Open – Doubles
Miyu Kato and Aldila Sutjiadi defeated Guo Hanyu and Jiang Xinyu in the final, 6–4, 1–6, [10–7] to win the doubles tennis title at the 2024 Thailand Open.

Chan Hao-ching and Wu Fang-hsien were the reigning champions, but Chan chose not to participate this year. Wu partnered Tamara Zidanšek, but lost in the quarterfinals to Guo and Jiang.

Wu Fang-hsien
Wu Fang-hsien (Chinese: 吳芳嫺; pinyin: Wú Fāngxián; born 15 July 1999) is a Taiwanese tennis player who specializes in doubles. She has a career-high WTA ranking in doubles of No. 27, achieved 8 September 2025. Wu has won three WTA Tour doubles titles.
Hmar Ethnic Cultural Sites
The Hmar Ethnic Cultural Sites are a series of ethno-cultural sites of the Hmar people. These sites are located within Pherzawl district, Manipur, India. Popular sites include Sikpuilung, Thangngur Tawngtaina Puk, Zawllung, Lungthu Lien Pathum, Paruol Pasari Lungtat, Lalruong Lungkap and others.

Watkin Roberts
Watkin R. Roberts (21 September 1886– 20 April 1969) was a Welsh missionary responsible for the initial Christian converts among the Hmar, Paite and other sister tribes in the Churachandpur district and Pherzawl district of Southern Manipur, India. Roberts also created a Christian school in Senvon, near Kangvai, a Vaiphei village. His ministry there touched the family of Rochunga Pudaite who ultimately developed a script for the tribal language with which Pudaite translated the New Testament.
Tori Junction railway station
Tori Junction, (station code: TORI), is the railway station serving the city of Chandwa which is the connecting point of Latehar and Hazaribag districts. It also connects Lohardaga. It belongs to the East Central Railway zone under Dhanbad railway division of the Indian Railways.

Dhanbad railway division
Dhanbad railway division  is one of the five railway divisions under the jurisdiction of East Central Railway zone of the Indian Railways. This railway division was formed on 5 November 1951 and its headquarters is located at Dhanbad in the state of Jharkhand of India. It is also No.1 division in coal loading among all railway divisions in Indian Railways. The administrative head of division is called Divisional Railway Manager (DRM). Present DRM is Mr. Akhilesh Mishra, who is the head of this division.

Danapur railway division, Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya railway division, Samastipur railway division, and Sonpur railway division are the other railway divisions under ECR Zone headquartered at Hajipur.
Tukey lambda distribution
Formalized by John Tukey, the Tukey lambda distribution is a continuous, symmetric probability distribution defined in terms of its quantile function. It is typically used to identify an appropriate distribution (see the comments below) and not used in statistical models directly.

The Tukey lambda distribution has a single shape parameter, λ, and as with other probability distributions, it can be transformed with a location parameter, μ, and a scale parameter, σ. Since the general form of probability distribution can be expressed in terms of the standard distribution, the subsequent formulas are given for the standard form of the function.

Cumulative distribution function
In probability theory and statistics, the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a real-valued random variable , or just distribution function of , evaluated at , is the probability that  will take a value less than or equal to .

Every probability distribution supported on the real numbers, discrete or "mixed" as well as continuous, is uniquely identified by a right-continuous monotone increasing function (a càdlàg function)  satisfying  and .

In the case of a scalar continuous distribution, it gives the area under the probability density function from negative infinity to . Cumulative distribution functions are also used to specify the distribution of multivariate random variables.
Prime Directive
In the fictional universe of Star Trek, the Prime Directive (also known as "Starfleet General Order 1" and the "non-interference directive") is a guiding principle of Starfleet that prohibits its members from interfering with the natural development of alien civilizations. Its stated aim is to protect unprepared civilizations from the danger of starship crews introducing advanced technology, knowledge, and values before they are ready. Since its introduction in the first season of the original Star Trek series, the directive has been featured in many Star Trek episodes as part of a moral question over how best to establish diplomatic relations with new alien worlds.

Fictional universe
A fictional universe, also known as an imagined universe or a constructed universe, is the internally consistent fictional setting used in a narrative or a work of art. This concept is most commonly associated with works of fantasy and science fiction, and can be found in various forms such as novels, comics, films, television shows, video games, and other creative works.

In science fiction, a fictional universe may be a remote alien planet or galaxy with little apparent relationship to the real world (as in the Star Wars universe). In fantasy, it may be a greatly fictionalized or invented version of Earth's distant past or future (as in The Lord of the Rings).
2018 in basketball
The following are the basketball events of the year 2018  throughout the world.

The following are the basketball events that are expected to take place in 2018 throughout the world.
Tournaments include international (FIBA), professional (club) and amateur and collegiate levels.

Basketball at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Basketball at the 1948 Summer Olympics was the second appearance of the sport of basketball as an official Olympic medal event. A total number of 23 nations entered the competition.

Olympic basketball returned to indoor competition in Harringay Arena, after the disastrous weather conditions of the final game in the 1936 Summer Olympics.
Picture disc
Picture discs are gramophone (phonograph) records that show images on their playing surface, rather than being of plain black or colored vinyl. Collectors traditionally reserve the term picture disc for records with graphics that extend at least partly into the actual playable grooved area,
distinguishing them from picture label discs, which have a specially illustrated and sometimes very large label, and picture back discs, which are illustrated on one unplayable side only.

Madness (band)
Madness are an English ska and pop band from Camden Town, north west London, who formed in 1976. One of the most prominent bands of the late-1970s/early-1980s two-tone ska revival, they continue to perform with six of the seven members of their original line-up. Madness's most successful period was from 1980 to 1986, when the band's songs spent a total of 214 weeks on the UK Singles Chart, jointly holding the record with English reggae group UB40 for most weeks spent by a group in the UK singles chart during the 1980s.

Madness have had 16 singles reach the UK top ten, including "One Step Beyond", "Baggy Trousers" and "It Must Be Love"; one UK number-one single, "House of Fun"; and two number ones in Ireland, "House of Fun" and "Wings of a Dove". "Our House" was their biggest US hit, reaching number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100. In 2000, the band received the Ivor Novello Award from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors for Outstanding Song Collection.
George H. Conway
George H. Conway (July 7, 1873 – June 20, 1939) was a Triple Crown-winning American horse trainer who worked at Glen Riddle Farm in Berlin, Maryland. He is best known for training War Admiral, who won the Triple Crown in 1937 and was selected as the American Horse of the Year over his nephew and competitor Seabiscuit. Other notable horses trained by Conway include American Flag, who won the Belmont Stakes in 1925 before training with Conway, Crusader, who won the 1926 Belmont Stakes with Conway, Maid at Arms, who was the 1925 American Champion Three-Year-Old Filly, and War Relic, who was the last horse that Conway trained.

Conway retired to Oceanport, New Jersey, in June 1939, where he died on June 20, 1939.

Crusader (horse)
Crusader (1923–1940) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse, whose career lasted from 1925 to 1928. In that time, he ran forty-two times and won eighteen races. He was the leading American three-year-old in 1926, winning a number of important races including the Suburban Handicap, the Belmont Stakes and the Dwyer Stakes. He continued to race for a further two seasons, but his form declined after he was injured at Aqueduct Racetrack in June 1927.
Ryaverket
Ryaverket is a regional sewage treatment plant in Gothenburg, Sweden. The plant is located in southern Hisingen and treats wastewater from 797,485 people in the Gothenburg region (2020).

The facility is owned by Gryaab, a municipal company owned by the municipalities whose wastewater is treated at Ryaverket. The owner municipalities are Gothenburg, Ale, Härryda, Mölndal, Kungälv,  Partille, Bollebygd  and Lerum.

Ryaverket is the home of the world's longest mural, on 696 square meters, by Pontus Andersson. The architecture firm KUB was given the Kasper Salin Prize by Architects Sweden in 2010 for designing the plant.

Bollebygd Municipality
Bollebygd Municipality (Swedish: Bollebygds kommun) is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Bollebygd.

The municipal reform of 1952 united "old" Bollebygd with Töllsjö. The next reform placed Bollebygd within Borås Municipality from 1974. In 1995 Bollebygd was re-established as a municipality in the borders of 1952.
Hasratyan
Hasratyan (Armenian: Հասրաթյան) is an Armenian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Grigor Hasratyan (1919–2001), Armenian public figure

Morus Hasratyan (1902–1979), Soviet Armenian historian and philologist

Murad Hasratyan (1935–2026), Armenian architectural historian

Morus Hasratyan
Morus (Margar) Stepani Hasratyan (Armenian: Մորուս Հասրաթյան, September 10, 1902 – February 25, 1979) was a Soviet Armenian historian and philologist.  He was the director of the History Museum of Armenia from 1964 to 1975. He wrote on a wide range of topics from Armenian history, archeology, architecture and philology. He is the father of architectural historian Murad Hasratyan.
Apples and Snakes
Apples and Snakes, based at the Albany Theatre in Deptford, south-east London, is an organisation for performance poetry and the spoken word in England.  It has been described as the main organisation promoting performance poetry in Britain. Set up in 1982 by a group of poets, the organisation has been "the development ground for many high profile poets and spoken word artists" and others, including John Agard, Jean "Binta" Breeze, Malika Booker, Billy Bragg, Charlie Dark, Inua Ellams, Phill Jupitus, Lemn Sissay, Kae Tempest, Mike Myers, Toby Jones and many more.

Run by a board of trustees chaired by Kerry Featherstone, Apples and Snakes has been a registered charity since 1986. It currently receives more than £400,000 funding annually, as a national portfolio organisation, from Arts Council England.

Billy Bragg
Stephen William Bragg (born 20 December 1957) is an English singer, songwriter, musician, author and political activist. His music blends elements of folk music, punk rock and protest songs, with lyrics that mostly span political or romantic themes. His activism is centred on social change and left-wing political causes.
Sara Payne: A Mother's Story
Sara Payne: A Mother's Story by Sara Payne, published by Hodder and Stoughton in May 2004, gives her account of the July 2000 abduction and murder of her daughter Sarah Payne in Kingston Gorse, West Sussex, England.

Kingston by Ferring
Kingston or Kingston by Ferring, is a small civil parish in the Arun District of West Sussex, England. It is a combination of a farmed rural interior and the three neighbourhoods of East Kingston, West Kingston and Kingston Gorse. The parish lies on the coast, between Ferring and East Preston parishes.
Nahakul Pradhan
Nahakul Pradhan (born 1918 - 17 June 1973) also known as Nakul Pradhan was a Sikkimese pre-merger politician, pro-democracy leader, a member of the Sikkim State Council and Executive Council of Sikkim serving multiple terms. He was the President of the Sikkim State Congress party and the Editor of Sikkim’s first news magazine Kanchenjunga.

Taksaris of Sikkim
Taksaris of Sikkim (also known as Taksari Newars) were owners of minting houses, traders, landed class and their families in the former Kingdom of Sikkim. There were six families – mostly Newars – minting coins for the erstwhile Himalayan kingdom. In the period of British influence, Chogyal of Sikkim gave these families large land estates as Thikadars, a system of hereditary leesee  landlords with judicial and administrative power over their respective estates.
2006 Ishikawa gubernatorial election
Ishikawa Prefecture held a gubernatorial election on March 19, 2006. Incumbent Masanori Tanimoto won his fourth term. Tanimoto was backed by the Liberal Democratic Party, New Komeito Party, and the Social Democratic Party.

Masanori Tanimoto
Masanori Tanimoto (Japanese: 谷本 正憲, Hepburn: Tanimoto Masanori, born 16 April 1945) is a Japanese politician who was the governor of Ishikawa Prefecture between 1994 and 2022, serving seven terms in total.
Ricardo Álvarez (footballer, born 1897)
Ricardo Álvarez Lobo (Madrid, 7 July 1897 - Madrid, 21 February 1955) was a Spanish footballer who usually played as a left winger. The highlight of his career was scoring the winning goal of the 1917 Copa del Rey Final for Madrid FC in extra-time.

Racing Madrid FC
Racing Madrid 1914 Fútbol Club (officially Sección de Acción Deportiva Racing Ciudad de Madrid) is a Spanish football team based in Madrid. Founded in 1914, they play in Tercera Federación – Group 7.

The club was originally known as Racing Club de Madrid, playing in one Segunda División and one Tercera División season before being dissolved in 1932. Back in 1939 as Racing Club de Chamberí, the club later became Agrupación Recreativa Chamberí, also playing in one Tercera División campaign before also folding in 1981.

In 2022, a group of investors refounded Racing de Madrid as Racing de Madrid City Fútbol Club, immediately buying a place in the Preferente.
Bethke
Bethke is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrew-John Bethke, South African composer

Arap Bethke (born 1980), Mexican actor

Bruce Bethke (born 1955), American author

Des Bethke (born 1943), Australian rules footballer

Erik Bethke (born 1972), American computer games developer

Ingo, Holger and Egbert Bethke, who escaped from East Germany

Jean Bethke Elshtain (1941–2013), American political philosopher

Katie Bethke (born 1988), American soccer player

Michael Bethke, American murderer

Penny Bethke (1950–2011), Canadian co-operative business leader

Sigfried Bethke (born 1954), German physicist

Bethke brothers
The Bethke brothers (Bethke-Brüder), Ingo Bethke (born 1954), Holger Bethke (born 1953) and Egbert Bethke (born 1959) are three brothers who escaped from East Germany using three separate methods on three separate occasions.
Much Wenlock and Severn Junction Railway
The Much Wenlock and Severn Junction Railway was a railway in Shropshire, England, established by the Much Wenlock and Severn Railway Company. The company itself was formed on 21 July 1859. The railway was later constructed between 1860 and 1862 forming part of the Wellington to Craven Arms Railway. For much of its working life, the railway was operated by the Great Western Railway and subsequently the Western Region of British Railways.

Western Region of British Railways
The Western Region was a region of British Railways from 1948. The region ceased to be an operating unit in its own right on completion of the "Organising for Quality" initiative on 6 April 1992. The Region consisted principally of ex-Great Western Railway lines, minus certain lines west of Birmingham, which were transferred to the London Midland Region in 1963 and with the addition of all former Southern Railway routes west of Exeter, which were subsequently rationalised.
Error (song)
Error is the debut single of German singer-songwriter Madeline Juno from her album The Unknown, and is part of the soundtracks of the  movies Fack ju Göhte and Pompeii. It competed in Unser Song für Dänemark, the German national selection for the Eurovision Song Contest 2014.

David Jost
David Jost (born August 12, 1972) is a German music producer, singer-songwriter, and DJ born in Hamburg. His career has a track record of 74 platinum, 108 gold records, and 14 No. 1 hits. He's worked with artists like Lady Gaga, Chris Brown, Tokio Hotel, Limp Bizkit, Selena Gomez, Nelly Furtado, Keri Hilson, Aura Dione, and Adam Lambert. For his work as a songwriter, Jost was named Germany's best songwriter (Rock & Pop) by the GEMA (the German equivalent to the ASCAP/BMI). For Tokio Hotel, Jost has composed, produced, and mixed six No. 1 singles and three No. 1 albums.

Even though Jost managed several careers as a big media artist, he rarely answers interviews for the press and is known for principally never giving TV interviews. Jost is working in Los Angeles as of 2012.
2003 standoff in Abbeville, South Carolina
On December 8, 2003, a 14-hour standoff and shootout took place in Abbeville, South Carolina, United States, between alleged extremists and self-proclaimed "sovereign citizens" Arthur, Rita, and their son Steven Bixby; and members of the Abbeville city police department, the Abbeville County sheriff's office, the South Carolina Highway Patrol, the South Carolina Department of Transportation, and the South Carolina Law Enforcement Division.

The standoff resulted in the deaths of two law enforcement officers, after which Rita and Steven were found guilty of various charges. Arthur was found mentally incompetent to stand trial and died in a mental facility in 2011. Rita died of cancer in prison less than a week after her husband. Steven is on death row awaiting execution pending appeals.

Abbeville, South Carolina
Abbeville is a city and county seat of Abbeville County, in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It is located 86 miles (138 km) west of Columbia and 45 miles (72 km) south of Greenville. As of the 2020 census, Abbeville had a population of 4,874. Settled by French Huguenot settlers, it was named, along with the county, for the French town of the same name.