hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Thurnam
John Thurnam (28 December 1810 – 24 September 1873) was an English psychiatrist, archaeologist, and ethnologist. In 1846 he was appointed Medical Superintendent of The Retreat, the Quaker psychiatric hospital near York. In 1848 he reported two maternal first cousins with an unusual condition affecting the skin, hair and teeth (an ectodermal dysplasia); he had performed an examination post mortem on one of the two men, including relevant histopathology.

Cephalic index
The cephalic index or cranial index is a number obtained by taking the maximum width (biparietal diameter or BPD, side to side) of the head of an organism, multiplying it by 100 and then dividing it by their maximum length (occipitofrontal diameter or OFD, front to back). It is used to categorize dog and cat breeds. In humans, it serves diagnostic purposes for some disorders. It has also been used in the modelling of human migrations to categorize remains.
Ust-Koksa
Ust-Koksa (Russian: Усть-Ко́кса, Altay: Кӧк-Суу Оозы, romanized: Kök-Sû Ôzı) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Ust-Koksinsky District of the Altai Republic, Russia. Population:  4,373 (2010 Census); 3,986 (2002 Census); 3,526 (1989 Soviet census).

Altai languages
Altai or Altay (Altay: Алтай тил, romanized: Altay til, IPA: [ɐɫtʰɐ́ɪ̯ tʰɪ̆l]) is a set of Turkic languages spoken officially in the Altai Republic, Russia. The standard vocabulary is based on the Southern Altai language, though it is also taught to and used by speakers of the Northern Altai language as well. Gorno–Altai refers to a subgroup of languages in the Altai Mountains. The languages were called Oyrot (ойрот) prior to 1948.

Altai is spoken primarily in the Altai Republic. A small community of speakers lives in the neighbouring Altai Krai as well.
The Adventures of Elektronik
The Adventures of Elektronik (Russian: «Приключения Электроника», romanized: Priklyucheniya Elektronika) is a 1979 Soviet children's science fiction TV miniseries, directed by Konstantin Bromberg.

The series' screenplay was loosely adapted by Yevgeny Veltistov from his own children's novels, Elektronik – the Boy from the Suitcase (Электроник — мальчик из чемодана, 1964) Ressy – an Elusive Friend (Рэсси — неуловимый друг, 1971), and Conqueror of the impossible (Победитель невозможного, 1975). The TV premiere was on 2 May 1980. The film achieved a cult status among the Soviet kids.

Cinema of the Soviet Union
The cinema of the Soviet Union includes films produced by the constituent republics of the Soviet Union reflecting elements of their pre-Soviet culture, language and history, albeit they were all regulated by the central government in Moscow. Most prolific in their republican films, after the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, were Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ukraine, and, to a lesser degree, Lithuania, Belarus and Moldavia. At the same time, the nation's film industry, which was fully nationalized throughout most of the country's history, was guided by philosophies and laws propounded by the monopoly Soviet Communist Party which introduced a new view on the cinema, socialist realism, which was different from the one before or after the existence of the Soviet Union.
Chris Letcher
Chris Letcher is a South African singer-songwriter and film composer based in London and Johannesburg.

He has played with Urban Creep. Two of his albums made South Africa's Mail & Guardian "20 Best CDs of the Decade by South African Artists" list. Frieze, his 2007 album, is listed for that year in the Sunday Times Albums of the Decade. His second solo album, Spectroscope, was named 2011 album of the year.

He wrote the scores for Claire Angelique's debut feature film, My Black Little Heart, the BBC production of Women in Love, and director Ntshavheni Wa Luruli's film, Elelwani. which was shown at the Berlinale Film Festival 2013. He also composed the score for the BBC film, Challenger, which stars William Hurt. Letcher co-scored the film Black South-Easter in 2013 with Sub Pop's Spoek Mathambo.

Sub Pop
Sub Pop is an independent record label founded in 1986 in Seattle by Bruce Pavitt and Jonathan Poneman. Sub Pop achieved fame in the early 1990s for signing Seattle bands such as Nirvana, Soundgarden, and Mudhoney, central players in the grunge movement. They are often credited with helping popularize grunge music. The label's roster includes Fleet Foxes, Tad, Beach House, The Postal Service, Sleater-Kinney, Flight of the Conchords, Foals, Blitzen Trapper, Father John Misty, clipping., Shabazz Palaces, Weyes Blood, Guerilla Toss, Bully,  La Luz, Low, METZ, Rolling Blackouts Coastal Fever, Kiwi Jr., Built to Spill, TV Priest and The Shins. In 1995, the owners of Sub Pop sold a 49% stake of the label to the Warner Music Group.
Shawnee Methodist Mission
Shawnee Methodist Mission, also known as the Shawnee Mission, which later became the Shawnee Indian Manual Labor School, is located in Fairway, Kansas, United States. Designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1968, the Shawnee Methodist Mission is operated by the city as a museum. The site is owned by the Kansas Historical Society and administered as the Shawnee Indian Mission State Historic Site.

The Shawnee Indian Manual Labor Boarding School served briefly as the second capital of the Kansas Territory, when the legislature was controlled by pro-slavery advocates. The building held that designation from July 16 to August 7, 1855.

The Shawnee Methodist Mission is the origin of the Shawnee Mission name used by the United States Postal Service to refer to the Kansas City Metropolitan Area suburban communities in northeastern Johnson County. The Shawnee Mission School District serves those communities.

Shawnee Mission USD 512
Shawnee Mission USD 512 is a public unified school district headquartered in Shawnee Mission, Kansas, United States. The district comprises five high schools, five middle schools, 34 elementary schools, and six District centers. In the 2023–24 school year, district enrollment is approximately 26,200 students.
Selinsgrove Hall and Seibert Hall
Selinsgrove Hall and Seibert Hall are two historic, educational buildings that are located on the campus of Susquehanna University in Selinsgrove in Snyder County, Pennsylvania.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Snyder County, Pennsylvania
Snyder County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 39,736. The county seat is Middleburg. Snyder County was formed in 1855 from parts of Union County. The county is part of the Central Pennsylvania region of the state.

Snyder County comprises the Selinsgrove, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Bloomsburg-Berwick-Sunbury, PA Combined Statistical Area.
Biblioteca Astense
44°53′58″N 8°11′57″E﻿ / ﻿44.8995°N 8.1991°E﻿ / 44.8995; 8.1991

The Biblioteca Astense is a public library in Asti, Italy. Founded in 1873, it is one of the principal cultural institutions of the city.

The decision to establish the library was taken by the municipal administration in 1853, and it was formally inaugurated on 18 March 1873. Its initial collections were largely formed through private donations and local holdings. In 1903 the library was transferred to Palazzo Alfieri, the birthplace of the Italian poet and dramatist Vittorio Alfieri.

In 2015, the library moved to the restored Palazzo del Collegio, its original 19th-century seat. Since 2012 it has operated as the Fondazione Biblioteca Astense, with the participation of the Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Asti. The institution is named after the writer Giorgio Faletti.

Vittorio Alfieri
Count Vittorio Amedeo Alfieri (/ˌælfiˈɛəri/, also US: /ɑːlˈfjɛri/, Italian: [vitˈtɔːrjo alˈfjɛːri]; 16 January 1749 – 8 October 1803) was an Italian dramatist and poet, considered the "founder of Italian tragedy." He wrote nineteen tragedies, sonnets, satires, a notable autobiography, and translated Virgil and other works from Latin and Greek. Alfieri's work exerted a profound influence on British Romantic poetry.
Bardot (fashion label)
Bardot is an Australian fashion brand headquartered in Melbourne, Victoria. Founded by Carol Skoufis in 1996, the brand started as a brick and mortar store on Bridge Road in Melbourne. The brand now operates globally, predominantly, in Australia and the United States women's wear clothing market. In 2004, Bardot also launched a children's occasion wear clothing line called Bardot Junior.

Bardot designs the garments in-house in collaboration with local manufacturers and artisans, pattern-makers and machinists alongside Carol Skoufis as its creative director.

After voluntary administration and later re-purchase of the company by the brand's original founders, Bardot now operates as an entirely online retailer and wholesaler.

Bridge Road, Melbourne
Bridge Road is a major shopping strip in Melbourne, Australia. It is best known for its abundance of restaurants, cafes and shopping, which makes it a popular tourist attraction. The Richmond Town Hall and Epworth Hospital are amongst the landmarks of Bridge Road.
Agni Paarvai
Agni Paarvai (transl. Fiery vision) is a 1992 Indian Tamil-language crime film directed by P. Madhavan. The film stars Su. Thirunavukkarasar, Nizhalgal Ravi, Saranya Ponvannan, Ramkumar and Anju. It was released on 7 February 1992.

P. Madhavan
Palakrishnan Madhavan (1 January 1928 – 16 December 2003) was an Indian film director and producer in Tamil cinema in the 1960s and 1970s. Madhavan has directed 49 films and produced 39 films under the banner Arun Prasad Movies.
Volstagg
Volstagg the Voluminous is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is a charter member of the Warriors Three, a trio of Asgardian adventurers and supporting cast of Thor. He is known for having multiple children. These include, but are not limited to, Hilde, Rolfe, and the adopted Midgardians Kevin and Mick.

Ray Stevenson portrayed the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Thor (2011), Thor: The Dark World (2013), and Thor: Ragnarok (2017). Additionally, Fred Tatasciore, Brent Chapman, and Jay Brazeau have voiced Volstagg in animation.

Journey into Mystery
Journey into Mystery is an American comic book series initially published by Atlas Comics, then by its successor, Marvel Comics. Initially a horror comics anthology, it changed to giant-monster and science fiction stories in the late 1950s. Beginning with issue #83 (cover dated Aug. 1962), it ran the superhero feature "The Mighty Thor", created by writers Stan Lee and Larry Lieber and artist Jack Kirby, and inspired by the mythological Norse thunder god. The series, which was renamed for its superhero star with issue #126 (March 1966), has been revived three times: in the 1970s as a horror anthology, and in the 1990s and 2010s with characters from Marvel's Thor mythos. The title was also used in 2019 for a limited series as part of the "War of the Realms" storyline.
Sometimes You Can't Make It on Your Own
"Sometimes You Can't Make It on Your Own" is a song by Irish rock band U2. It is the third track on their eleventh studio album, How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb (2004), and was released as the album's second single worldwide except in North America on 7 February 2005. Originally titled "Tough", the song is lyrically about the relationship between the band's lead vocalist Bono and his father Bob Hewson, who died of cancer in 2001.

It debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart becoming the band's sixth number-one single in the United Kingdom. It also topped the charts in Canada, Scotland and Spain, and reached the top 10 in Denmark, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands and Norway. The song won two Grammy Awards at the 48th Annual Grammy Awards ceremony in 2006: Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal and Song of the Year.

Steve Lillywhite
Stephen Alan Lillywhite CBE (born 15 March 1955) is an English record producer. Since he began his career in 1977, Lillywhite has been credited on over 500 records, and has collaborated with a variety of musicians including new wave acts XTC, Big Country, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Simple Minds, Ultravox, the Psychedelic Furs, Beady Eye, Toyah, David Byrne, Talking Heads, and Kirsty MacColl, as well as U2, Anni-Frid Lyngstad, the Rolling Stones, the Pogues, Blue October, Steel Pulse, the La's, Peter Gabriel, Morrissey, the Killers, Dave Matthews Band, Phish, Guster, Counting Crows, and Joan Armatrading. He has won six Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year and Producer of the Year, Non-Classical in 2006. In 2012, he was made a CBE for his contribution to music.
RV MTA Selen
RV  MTA Selen is a Turkish research vessel owned by the General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA) in Ankara and operated by its division of Geophysical Directorate for subsea geophysical exploration in shallow waters.

Research vessel
A research vessel (RV or R/V) is a ship or boat designed, modified, or equipped to carry out research at sea. Research vessels carry out a number of roles which can be combined into a single vessel but others require a dedicated vessel. Due to the demanding nature of the work, research vessels may be constructed around an icebreaker hull, allowing them to operate in polar waters.
Lochinvar
Lochinvar (or Lan Var) is a loch in the civil parish of Dalry in the historic county of Kirkcudbrightshire,  Dumfries and Galloway Scotland. It is located in the Galloway Hills, around 3.5 miles (5.6 km) north-east of St. John's Town of Dalry. The loch formerly had an island on which stood Lochinvar Castle, seat of the Gordon family. In the 20th century the loch was dammed to form a reservoir, raising the water level and submerging the island with the ruins of the castle. The loch is used for trout fishing.

The name Lochinvar is from Scots Gaelic Loch a' bharra (older Gaelic Loch an bharra, the genitive of barr = summit) meaning "Loch on the hilltop". Consequently, it is stressed on the last syllable (unlike Lochinver).

Civil parishes in Scotland
Civil parishes are small divisions used for statistical purposes and formerly for local government in Scotland.

Civil parishes gained legal functions in 1845 when parochial boards were established to administer the poor law. Their local government functions were abolished in 1930 with their powers transferred to county or burgh councils. Since 1975, they have been superseded as the smallest unit of local administration in Scotland by community councils.
Ninazu
Ninazu (Sumerian: 𒀭𒎏𒀀𒋢; [DNIN.A.SU] "lord healer") was a Mesopotamian god of the underworld. He was also associated with snakes and vegetation, and with time acquired the character of a warrior god. He was frequently associated with Ereshkigal, either as a son, husband, or simply a member of the same category of underworld deities.

His original cult centers were Enegi and Eshnunna, though in the later city he was gradually replaced by a similar god, Tishpak. His cult declined after the Old Babylonian period, though in the city of Ur, where it was introduced from Enegi, he retained a number of worshipers even after the fall of the last Mesopotamian empires, in the Achaemenid period.

Hurrian language
Hurrian is an extinct Hurro-Urartian language spoken by the Hurrians (Khurrites), a people who entered northern Mesopotamia around 2300 BC and had mostly vanished by 1000 BC. Hurrian was the language of the Mitanni kingdom in northern Mesopotamia and was likely spoken at least initially in Hurrian settlements in modern-day Syria.
Kári Steinn Karlsson
Kári Steinn Karlsson (born 19 May 1986) is an Icelandic long-distance runner. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed in the men's marathon, finishing in 42nd place.  In 2016 Karlsson won the Montreal Marathon.

Karlsson went to University of California, Berkeley and competed for the men's California Golden Bears track and field team.

Marathon Beneva de Montréal
The Marathon Beneva de Montréal (formerly Marathon Oasis de Montreal and Rock 'n' Roll Montreal Marathon) is an annual marathon foot-race held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada in September, first held in 1979.  The Marathon de Montréal is the largest running event in Quebec.
Thrasymachus of Corinth
Thrasymachus (Greek: Θρασύμαχος; fl. 4th century BCE) of Corinth, was a philosopher of the Megarian school. Little is known about him except that he was colleague and friend of Ichthyas, and he had presumably been taught by Euclid of Megara, the founder of the school. He was said to have been the teacher of Stilpo.

Corinth
Corinth (/ˈkɒrɪnθ/ KORR-inth; Greek: Κόρινθος, romanized: Kórinthos, Modern Greek pronunciation: [ˈkorinθos]) is a city in the Peloponnese in Greece. The successor to the ancient city of Corinth, it is the capital of the Corinthia regional unit and the seat of the municipality of Corinth, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has a population of 38,485 according to the 2021 census, of whom 30,816 live within the city limits of Corinth.

It was founded as New Corinth (Greek: Νέα Κόρινθος, romanized: Néa Kórinthos) in 1858 after an earthquake destroyed the existing settlement of Corinth, which had developed in and around the site of the ancient city.
Radical of an algebraic group
The radical of an algebraic group is the identity component of its maximal normal solvable subgroup.
For example, the radical of the general linear group  (for a field K) is the subgroup consisting of scalar matrices, i.e. matrices  with  and  for .

An algebraic group is called semisimple if its radical is trivial, i.e., consists of the identity element only. The group  is semi-simple, for example.

The subgroup of unipotent elements in the radical is called the unipotent radical, it serves to define reductive groups.

Solvable group
In mathematics, more specifically in the field of group theory, a solvable group or soluble group is a group that can be constructed from abelian groups using extensions.  Equivalently, a solvable group is a group whose derived series terminates in the trivial subgroup.
Sauber C36
The Sauber C36 is a Formula One racing car designed and constructed by Sauber to compete in the 2017 Formula One World Championship. The car was driven by Marcus Ericsson and Pascal Wehrlein, who joined the team from Manor Racing to replace outgoing Felipe Nasr. Intended to be Sauber's last  Ferrari powered car before joining Honda as a factory team, the C36 is one of the few cars of F1's turbo hybrid era to have been powered by a year-old power unit. This deal was eventually terminated by Sauber during the 2017 season when team principal Monisha Kaltenborn was replaced by new team owners Longbow Finance. Wehrlein achieved each of the car's five points, a score which relegated the team to a tenth place finish in the World Constructors Championship for a second consecutive season.

Felipe Nasr
Luiz Felipe de Oliveira Nasr (born 21 August 1992) is a Brazilian racing driver, who competes in the IMSA SportsCar Championship for Porsche. Nasr competed in Formula One from 2015 to 2016. In endurance racing, Nasr has won three IMSA SportsCar Championship titles, and won the 12 Hours of Sebring in 2019 with AXR and in 2025 with Team Penske; he also won the 24 Hours of Daytona in three-stright years from 2024—2026 with Porsche.

After a year as the official test driver for Williams in 2014, he joined Sauber as a full-time Formula One driver in 2015. However, from the 2017 season he was replaced by Pascal Wehrlein.

From 2018, Nasr has been competing in the IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship for Whelen Engineering Racing, winning the championship with co-driver Eric Curran in his first year in the series and winning another title with countryman Pipo Derani in 2021.

For 2022, Nasr was named a Porsche factory driver.
Fiachnae mac Ainbítha
Fiachnae mac Ainbítha (died 886) or Fiachna mac Ainfítha was a Dál Fiatach king of Ulaid, which is now Ulster, Ireland. He was the son of Ainbíth mac Áedo (died 882), a previous king of Ulaid. He ruled briefly in 886.

In 883 he was responsible for the killing of his uncle Eochocán mac Áedo, leth-rí (half-king or co-ruler) of Ulaid jointly with his other uncle, Airemón mac Áedo (died 886). Fiachnae succeeded Airemón as sole king in 886 but was promptly killed by his own associates.

Rí
Rí, or commonly ríg (genitive), is an ancient Gaelic word meaning 'king'. It is used in historical texts referring to the Irish and Scottish kings, and those of similar rank. While the Modern Irish word is exactly the same, in modern Scottish Gaelic it is rìgh, apparently derived from the genitive. Cognates include Gaulish Rix, Latin rex/regis, Spanish rey, French roi, Sanskrit raja, and German Reich.

There were three grades of rí: a ruiri or 'overking' was a major, regional king and superior to a rí túath 'king of tribes' or a rí buiden 'king of bands' either of whom, in turn, were superior to several figures known as rí benn 'king of peaks' or rí túaithe 'king of a tribe'.
Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994
The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 (c. 33) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It introduced a number of changes to the law, most notably in the restriction and reduction of existing rights, clamping down on unlicensed rave parties, and greater penalties for certain "anti-social" behaviours. The Bill was introduced by Michael Howard, Home Secretary of Prime Minister John Major's Conservative government, and attracted widespread opposition.

Legislation.gov.uk
legislation.gov.uk, formerly known as the UK Statute Law Database, is the official Web-accessible database of the statute law of the United Kingdom, hosted by The National Archives. Established in the early 2000s, it contains all primary legislation in force since 1267 and all secondary legislation since 1823; it does not include legislation which was fully repealed prior to 1991. The contents have been revised to reflect legislative changes up to 2002, with material that has been amended since 2002 fully updated and searchable.
Pan loaf
A pan loaf is a style of bread loaf baked in a loaf pan or tin. It is the most common style available in the United Kingdom, though the term itself is predominantly Scottish and Northern Irish to differentiate it from the plain loaf. The pan loaf has a soft pale brown crust all around the bread, in contrast to a plain loaf's darker crust only at the top and bottom.

Bread pan
A bread pan, also called a loaf pan, is a kitchen utensil in the form of a container in which bread is baked. Its function is to shape bread while it is rising during baking. The most common shape of the bread pan is the loaf, or narrow rectangle, a convenient form that enables uniform slicing.