hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo
Sieges of Ciudad Rodrigo are a series of sieges of the Spanish town Ciudad Rodrigo.

Specific sieges are:

Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo (1370)

Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo (1707)

Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo (1810)

Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo (1812)

Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo (1707)
The siege of Ciudad Rodrigo was a successful siege of the Spanish city of Ciudad Rodrigo, between 18 September and 4 October 1707, in which a Franco-Spanish army under command of Alexandre Maître, Marquis de Bay conquered the city.

Ciudad Rodrigo had been besieged and taken on 25 May 1706 by 40.000 Portuguese, Dutch and English soldiers under command of Henri de Massue, Earl of Galway and António Luís de Sousa, 2nd Marquis of Minas.

On 18 September 1707, a Franco-Spanish army under command of Alexandre Maître, Marquis de Bay arrived at the city and laid siege. The siege lasted until 4 October when the walls were breached and the city was stormed and forced to capitulate. 
Some 2,100 prisoners were taken. A total of 300 soldiers were killed and some 600 wounded.
Noriega (Ribadedeva)
Noriega is one of three parishes (administrative divisions) in Ribadedeva, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 313 (INE 2011).

Parish (administrative division)
A parish is an administrative division used by several countries. To distinguish it from an ecclesiastical parish, the term civil parish is used in some jurisdictions, as noted below.

The table below lists countries which use this administrative division:
Purple Pyramid Records
Purple Pyramid Records is a sub-label to Cleopatra Records that focuses on progressive rock and psychedelic music. The label began in 2000 with a series of releases by guitarist Allan Holdsworth, Jon Anderson, and Hawkwind co-founder Nik Turner. The label expanded its roster with releases by Yes, Rick Wakeman, Steve Howe, Santana, Amon Düül II, Nektar, Brainticket, Tangerine Dream, Alan Davey, L. Shankar, and Quicksilver Messenger Service as well as projects by producer Billy Sherwood dubbed The Prog Collective, (featuring members of Asia, King Crimson, Mahavishnu Orchestra, and Gong), and The Fusion Syndicate (featuring Rick Wakeman, Steve Stevens, Billy Cobham, and Steve Morse).

Nik Turner
Nicholas Robert Turner (26 August 1940 – 10 November 2022) was an English musician best known as a member of space rock pioneers Hawkwind. Turner played saxophone and flute, as well as being a vocalist and composer. While with Hawkwind, Turner was known for his experimental free jazz stylisations and outrageous stage presence, often donning full makeup and Ancient Egypt-inspired costumes.
Les Misérables (1909 film)
Les Misérables is a 1909 American silent historical drama proto-feature film (four short films that can be seen separately as a series, but when combined resemble a full-length feature film).  The proto-feature movie is based on the 1862 French novel of the same name by Victor Hugo, and stars Maurice Costello and William V. Ranous. It was directed by J. Stuart Blackton.

Distributed by the Vitagraph Company of America, the film consists of four reels. The reels were released over the course of three months, from September 4 to November 27, 1909.

Vitagraph Studios
Vitagraph Studios, also known as the Vitagraph Company of America, was a United States motion picture studio. It was founded by J. Stuart Blackton and Albert E. Smith in 1897 in Brooklyn, New York, as the American Vitagraph Company. By 1907, it was the most prolific American film production company, producing many famous silent films. It was bought by Warner Bros. in 1925.
Dum Dum Municipality
Dum Dum Municipality is the civic body that governs Dum Dum areas (Gora Bazar, Nalta, Mall Road,  Kumarpara, Kamalapur, Italgacha, Manikpur, Motilal Colony, Rajbari Colony, Arabinda Sarani, Central Jail, Airport 1 No. Gate, Airport 2 No. Gate and Airport 2.5 No. Gate) in the Barrackpore subdivision of North 24 Parganas district in West Bengal, India.

Gorabazar, Dum Dum
Gora Bazar is a neighbourhood in  Dum Dum of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is one of the largest markets in the Dum Dum Cantonment area. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA).
USD Atletico Catania
Unione Sportiva Dilettantistica Atletico Catania, commonly known as Atletico Catania (pronounced [aˈtlɛtiko kaˈtaːnja]), is an Italian football club based in Catania, Sicily, who compete in Promozione, the sixth tier of the Italian football league system.
Throughout its history, the club played extensively at Serie C1 and Serie C2 professional level.

Promozione
The Promozione ([promotˈtsjoːne], "promotion") is the sixth level in the Italian football league system.  Each individual league winner within the Promozione level progresses to their closest regional league in the Eccellenza level.  Depending on each league's local rules, a number of teams each year are relegated from each league, to the 7th level of Italian football, the Prima Categoria. This level of Italian football is completely amateur and is run on a regional level.
Mauro Ribeiro
Mauro Ribeiro (Curitiba, 19 July 1964) is a Brazilian former professional road bicycle racer. In the 1991 Tour de France, he became the first and only Brazilian cyclist to win a stage in the Tour de France.

1991 Tour de France
The 1991 Tour de France was the 78th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 6 to 28 July. The total race distance was 22 stages over 3,914 km (2,432 mi). The race was won by Miguel Induráin, whose Banesto team also won the team classification. The points classification was won by Djamolidine Abdoujaparov, although he almost crashed out in the final stage. The mountains classification was won by Claudio Chiappucci, and the young rider classification by Álvaro Mejía.
Ives Ice Rise
Ives Ice Rise is an ice rise about 1 mile (1.6 km) long at the head of Weber Inlet, an ice-filled inlet situated between Bennett Dome and Berlioz Point on the Beethoven Peninsula, situated in the southwest part of Alexander Island in Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from U.S. Navy aerial photographs taken 1967–68 and Landsat imagery taken 1972–73. In association with the names of composers grouped in this area, it was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after Charles Ives, the American composer.

Weber Inlet
Weber Inlet (71°56′S 73°28′W﻿ / ﻿71.933°S 73.467°W﻿ / -71.933; -73.467) is a broad ice-filled inlet, which indents the south part of the Beethoven Peninsula, lying southwest of Bennett Dome, forming the northwest arm of Bach Ice Shelf in the southwest portion of Alexander Island, Antarctica. The inlet was first mapped from air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition in 1947–48, by Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1960, and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Carl Maria von Weber (1786–1826), a German composer.
Jingxi Nanfang Hospital station
Jingxi Nanfang Hospital Station (simplified Chinese: 京溪南方医院站; traditional Chinese: 京溪南方醫院站; Cantonese Yale: Gīngkāi Nàahmfōng Yīyún Jaahm) is a metro station on Line 3 of the Guangzhou Metro. The underground station is located at Guangzhou Avenue North (广州大道北) near Nanfang Hospital (南方医院) in the Baiyun District. It started operation on 30 October 2010.

Its name is a combination of nearby Jingxi Village (京溪村) and Nanfang Hospital, in order to favour the benefits of both locations. Its Chinese name is currently one of the two stations which has the longest used by the Guangzhou Metro system, with six Chinese characters in total, the other one being Baiyun Culture Square station.

Yale romanization of Cantonese
The Yale romanization of Cantonese was developed by Yale scholar Gerard P. Kok for his and Parker Po-fei Huang's textbook Speak Cantonese initially circulated in looseleaf form in 1952 but later published in 1958. Unlike the Yale romanization of Mandarin, it is still widely used in books and dictionaries, especially for foreign learners of Cantonese. It shares some similarities with Hanyu Pinyin in that unvoiced, unaspirated consonants are represented by letters traditionally used in English and most other European languages to represent voiced sounds. For example, [p] is represented as b in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, [pʰ] is represented as p. Students attending the Chinese University of Hong Kong's New-Asia Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center are taught using Yale romanization.

Some enthusiasts employ Yale romanisation to explore writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language.
Gavà Mines
41°18′37.54″N 2°0′0.75″E﻿ / ﻿41.3104278°N 2.0002083°E﻿ / 41.3104278; 2.0002083

The Gavà Mines, also known as Can Tintorer Mines, is a pre-historic (Neolithic) archaeological site that occupies the Can Tintorer, Ferreres and Rocabruna areas in the municipality of Gavà (Baix Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain). The site is under care of the Gavà Museum and the Gavà Mines Archaeological Park.

The main feature of the site is a collection of ancient mines that are among the largest and oldest in Europe.  The site is spread over 200 hectares and comprises more than a hundred known mines, with many more possibly to be still unidentified.    Among them are  the only known Neolithic mines of variscite, a green mineral used to make body ornaments.

From the Iberian and Roman times through the Middle Ages, the mines were re-exploited to obtain iron ore.

Notable finds from the site are the Venus of Gavà and the Trepanation Skull.

School shark
The school shark (Galeorhinus galeus) is a houndshark of the family Triakidae, and the only living member of the genus Galeorhinus. Common names also include tope, tope shark, snapper shark, and soupfin shark. It is found worldwide in temperate seas at depths down to about 800 m (2,600 ft). It can grow to nearly 2 m (6 ft 7 in) long. It feeds both in midwater and near the seabed, and its reproduction is ovoviviparous. This shark is caught in fisheries for its flesh, its fins, and its liver, which has a very high vitamin A content. The IUCN has classified this species as critically endangered in its Red List of Threatened Species.
MSc colleges in Delhi
Delhi, the capital city of India, hosts a wide array of institutions offering Master of Science (MSc) programs across disciplines such as Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Biotechnology, Computer Science, and Environmental Science. Admissions are generally through university or national-level entrance exams like the Delhi University Entrance Test (DUET), Jawaharlal Nehru University Combined Entrance Examination (JNU CEEB), and IIT JAM. MSc programs in Delhi typically span two years, combining theoretical coursework with laboratory and research experience. Programs are offered by central universities, technical institutes, and private universities, providing students with a wide variety of specializations and career pathways.

Jawaharlal Nehru University
Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU; ISO: Javāharalāla Neharū Viśvavidyālaya) is a public research university located in Delhi, India. It was established in 1969 and named after Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first Prime Minister. The university is known for leading faculties and research emphasis on social sciences and applied sciences.
Susan J. Ferguson
Susan J. Ferguson (born 1961) is a professor of sociology at Grinnell College. She received her B.A. in Spanish and Political Science from Colorado State University in 1984, as well as her 1988 M.A. in sociology; she received her Ph.D. in sociology in 1993 from the University of Massachusetts - Amherst. She specializes in the areas of sociology of the family, Asian women, medical sociology, women's health, feminism and teaching.

She received the 2018 Hans O. Mauksch Award at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association (ASA) in Philadelphia for her contributions to the teaching and learning of sociology through program development, student advising, and assessment of curriculum and teaching materials.

Sociology of the family
Sociology of the family is a subfield of sociology in which researchers and academics study family structure as a social institution and unit of socialization from various sociological perspectives. It can be seen as an example of patterned social relations and group dynamics.
Lami language
Lami (autonym: la21 mi55 in Honghe County, meaning 'low status'; Chinese: 腊米) is a Loloish language of Yunnan, China. Lami is spoken in Jiangcheng Hani and Yi Autonomous County, Mojiang Hani Autonomous County, Jinping Miao, Yao, and Dai Autonomous County, and Honghe County. Lami is also spoken in Hade 哈德, Sanmeng Township 三猛乡, Lüchun County.

The Lami language has been documented by Zhang (1998) and Wang (2011).

Loloish languages
The Loloish languages, also known as Yi (like the Yi people) and occasionally Ngwi or Nisoic, are a sub-branch of 50–100 Tibeto-Burman languages spoken primarily in the Yunnan province of Southwestern China. They are most closely related to Burmese and its relatives. Both the Loloish and Burmish branches are well defined, as is their superior node, Lolo-Burmese. However, sub-classification is more contentious.

The 2013 edition of Ethnologue  estimated a total number of 9 million native speakers of Loloish ("Ngwi") languages, the largest group being the speakers of Nuosu (Northern Yi) at 2 million speakers.
Looff Hippodrome
A Looff Hippodrome was a building that housed one of the hand-carved carousels created by Charles I. D. Looff or his heirs. A hippodrome was a horse or chariot race course in Ancient Greece, from the Greek words hippos (ἵππος; "horse") and dromos (δρόμος; "course").

Looff Hippodrome in Long Beach, California

Looff Hippodrome in San Francisco, California

Looff Hippodrome in Santa Monica, California

Playland (San Francisco)
Playland (also known as Playland-at-the-Beach and Whitney's Playland, beginning in 1928 – some say 1926) was a 10-acre (40,000-square-meter) seaside amusement park located next to Ocean Beach, in the Richmond District on the West Side of San Francisco, California, along Great Highway, bounded by Balboa and Fulton streets. It began as a collection of amusement rides and concessions in the late 19th century, and was preceded by Chutes at the Beach, opened in 1921. Playland closed Labor Day weekend in 1972.
P. W. Marony
Patrick William Marony (bapt. 4 Apr 1859 – 14 Jan 1939), known professionally as P. W. Marony, was an Australian painter, political cartoonist, photographer and writer.  Marony's practice as an artist and a writer spanned the period of cultural transition from the popularity of history painting to the emergence of cinematic versions of history.  He painted a series of bushranger-themed works which were exhibited in the mid-1890s.  Marony wrote several film scripts for the Australian Life Biograph Company.  Twenty-six of his oil paintings, mostly of bushrangers, are a part of the collection of the National Library of Australia.

National Library of Australia
The National Library of Australia (NLA), formerly the Commonwealth National Library and Commonwealth Parliament Library, is the largest reference library in Australia, responsible under the terms of the National Library Act 1960 for "maintaining and developing a national collection of library material, including a comprehensive collection of library material relating to Australia and the Australian people", thus functioning as a national library. It is located in Parkes, Canberra, ACT.

Created in 1960 by the National Library Act, by the end of June 2019 its collection contained 7,717,579 items, with its manuscript material occupying 17,950 metres (58,890 ft) of shelf space. The NLA also hosts and manages the Trove cultural heritage discovery service, which includes access to the Australian Web Archive and National edeposit (NED), a large collection of digitised newspapers, official documents, manuscripts and images, as well as born-digital material.
Rhodountia
Rhodountia (Ancient Greek: Ῥοδουντία) was a fortified place at Phthiotis, Central Greece, possibly near today's Drakospilia.

It is mentioned by Strabo, Livy and Stephanus of Byzantium.

During the Battle of Thermopylae (191 BC), the Aetolians defended it against the Romans. The Roman troops under the command of Lucius Valerius Flaccus were not able to capture it.

Central Greece (administrative region)
Central Greece is one of the thirteen administrative regions of Greece. The region occupies the eastern part of the traditional region of Central Greece, including the island of Euboea. To the south it borders the regions of Attica and the Peloponnese, to the west the region of Western Greece, to the north the region of Thessaly and to the northwest it shares a small border with Epirus. Its capital city is Lamia and the largest city is Chalcis.
Poiana Mărului
Poiana Mărului (German: Bleschbach; Hungarian: Almásmező) is a commune in Brașov County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of a single village of the same name.

The commune is located in the central-south part of the county, in a hilly area north of the Piatra Craiului Mountains, on the banks of the river Șercaia. It is crossed by national road DN73A, which runs from Predeal to Șercaia; the county seat, Brașov, is 32 km (20 mi) to the east, and can be reached via DN73.

DN73
DN73 (Romanian: Drumul Național 73) is a national road in Romania which links Pitești with Brașov. It is a high-traffic road and the preferred route for trucks. Near Câmpulung the road crosses the Southern Carpathians along the Dâmbovița River. The road crosses several tourist-stop villages, such as Rucăr, Dâmbovicioara, and Bran.
Martin Rohan
Martin Rohan (born June 26, 1990) is a Czech professional ice hockey defenceman for HC Karlovy Vary in the Czech Extraliga.

Rohan made his debut for Karlovy Vary during the 2010–11 Czech Extraliga season. He has also played on loan with HC Baník Sokolov, HC Most and SK Kadaň.

His older brother Tomáš Rohan is also a professional ice hockey player.

SK Trhači Kadaň
SK Trhači Kadaň was an ice hockey team in Kadaň, Czech Republic. The club was founded in 1945 and defunct in 2021. Having played at the second level of Czech hockey since the 1998–99 Czech 1. Liga season, Kadaň withdrew from the 1st Czech Republic Hockey League in November 2021, having lost all of their 18 games played with a goal difference of 26 for and 89 against.
Alfred Hopkins
Alfred Harral Hopkins (March 14, 1870 – May 5, 1941) was an American architect, an "estate architect" who specialized in country houses and especially in model farms in an invented "vernacular" style suited to the American elite. He was a member of the American Institute of Architects.

Frederick William Vanderbilt
Frederick William Vanderbilt (February 2, 1856 – June 29, 1938) was a member of the American Vanderbilt family. He was a director of the New York Central Railroad for 61 years, and also a director of the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad and of the Chicago and North Western Railroad.
Ullugatag
Ullugatag (Russian: Уллугатаг; Lezgian: Уллугъетягъ) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Ullugatagsky Selsoviet, Suleyman-Stalsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Population:  636 (2010 Census); 586 (2002 Census); 368 (1989 Soviet census). There are 4 streets.

Lezgian language
Lezgian (/ˈlɛzɡiən/ LEZ-gee-ən), also called Lezgi (/ˈlɛzɡiː/ LEZ-gee) or Lezgin (/ˈlɛzɡɪn/ LEZ-gin), is a Northeast Caucasian language. It is spoken by the Lezgins, who live primarily in southern Dagestan—where it is an official language—and northern Azerbaijan. It is classified as "vulnerable" by UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.
11.22.63
11.22.63 is an American science fiction thriller television miniseries based on the 2011 novel 11/22/63 by Stephen King, and consisting of eight episodes, in which a time traveler attempts to stop the assassination of John F. Kennedy. The series is executive-produced by J. J. Abrams, King, Bridget Carpenter, and Bryan Burk, and produced by James Franco, who also starred in the main role. It premiered on Hulu on February 15, 2016, and was received positively by critics.

Bryan Burk
Bryan Burk (born December 30, 1968) is an American film and television producer.

He is mostly known for producing movies in collaboration with J. J. Abrams, including the Star Trek reboot series, the Mission: Impossible films Ghost Protocol and Rogue Nation, Star Wars: The Force Awakens, and the TV series Alias, Lost, Fringe, and Person of Interest. His only work outside of producing was co-writing the Fringe episode "There's More Than One of Everything".
Cross-country skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's 4 × 10 kilometre relay
The men's 4 × 10 kilometre relay cross-country skiing competition at the 2014 Sochi Olympics took place on 16 February at Laura Biathlon & Ski Complex.

In November 2017, Alexander Legkov and Maxim Vylegzhanin were disqualified for doping offences. As a result Russia lost the silver medal. On 1 February 2018, their results were restored as a result of the successful appeal.

Maxim Vylegzhanin
Maxim Mikhailovich Vylegzhanin (Russian: Максим Михайлович Вылегжанин; born 18 October 1982) is a Russian former cross country skier and a three-time Olympic silver medalist at the 2014 Sochi Olympics in 50 km freestyle, 4 × 10 km relay and team sprint. He was stripped of his 2014 Olympic medals by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) on 9 November 2017, however on 1 February 2018, his results were restored as a result of the successful appeal.

Vylegzhanin has competed since 2002. His first World Cup start was on 22 January 2005 in Pragelato, Italy. He won a silver medal in the 50 km event (time: 1:59:38:8 – average speed 25,1 km/h) at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2009 in Liberec.
Miyagikyo distillery
Miyagikyo distillery (Japanese: 宮城峡蒸溜所, Hepburn: Miyagikyō jōryūsho) is a Japanese whisky distillery. It is located near Sendai (仙台市, Sendai-shi), the capital city of Miyagi Prefecture, Tōhoku region, Japan.

The distillery is owned by Nikka Whisky Distilling, and was opened in 1969.  Originally known as "Sendai distillery", it was the second to be established by Nikka Whisky, after the company’s Yoichi distillery in Hokkaido.

Tōhoku region
The Tōhoku region (東北地方, Tōhoku-chihō; IPA: [toːhokɯ̥ tɕiꜜhoː]), Northeast region, Ōu region (奥羽地方, Ōu-chihō), or Northeast Japan (東北日本, Tōhoku Nihon) consists of the northeastern portion of Honshu, the largest island of Japan. This traditional region consists of six prefectures (ken): Akita, Aomori, Fukushima, Iwate, Miyagi, and Yamagata.

Tōhoku retains a reputation as a remote, scenic region with a harsh climate. In the 20th century, tourism became a major industry in the Tōhoku region.
Rimbaud (crater)
Rimbaud is a crater on Mercury.  Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1985. Rimbaud is named for French poet Arthur Rimbaud.  The crater was first imaged by Mariner 10 in 1974.

To the north of Rimbaud is the crater Vincente.  To the south are the craters Keats, Dickens, and Han Kan.  One of the rays of Han Kan crosses Rimbaud.

Mariner 10
Mariner 10 was an American robotic space probe launched by NASA on 3 November 1973, to fly by the planets Mercury and Venus. It was the first spacecraft to visit Mercury and the first to perform a flyby of multiple planets.

Mariner 10 was launched approximately two years after Mariner 9 and was the last spacecraft in the Mariner program. (Mariner 11 and Mariner 12 were allocated to the Voyager program and redesignated Voyager 1 and Voyager 2.)

The mission objectives were to measure Mercury's environment, atmosphere, surface, and body characteristics and to make similar investigations of Venus. Secondary objectives were to perform experiments in the interplanetary medium and to obtain experience with a dual-planet gravity assist mission. Mariner 10's science team was led by Bruce C. Murray at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.