hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1932 Wisconsin lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 1932 Wisconsin lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1932, in order to elect the lieutenant governor of Wisconsin. Democratic nominee Thomas J. O'Malley defeated Republican nominee Harry Dahl, Socialist nominee William Coleman and Prohibition nominee J. Keith Peckham. This election marked the end of a 19 consecutive winning streak for Wisconsin Republicans as they had won every lieutenant gubernatorial election since 1894. This election also marked the first time a Democrat was elected lieutenant governor of Wisconsin in the 20th century.

Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin
The lieutenant governor of Wisconsin is the first person in the line of succession of Wisconsin's executive branch, thus serving as governor in the event of the death, resignation, removal, impeachment, absence from the state, or incapacity due to illness of the governor of Wisconsin. 
Forty-one individuals have held the office of lieutenant governor since Wisconsin's admission to the Union in 1848, two of whom—Warren Knowles and Jack Olson—have served for non-consecutive terms.  The first lieutenant governor was John Holmes, who took office on June 7, 1848.  The current lieutenant governor is Sara Rodriguez, who took office on January 3, 2023.
Julien Libeer
Julien Libeer (born October 1987 in Kortrijk) is a Belgian classical pianist. Libeer has won several awards for his compositions, and regularly performs his works at a variety of international stadiums. He is the host of Belgian television show Studio Flagey Klassik, a television show about classical music.

Télérama
Télérama is a weekly French cultural and television magazine published in Paris, France. The name is a contraction of its earlier title: Télévision-Radio-Cinéma. Fabienne Pascaud is currently managing editor. Ludovic Desautez is deputy editor for digital. Valérie Hurier is deputy editor for print.
Igor Pasternak
Igor Pasternak is an American aviation entrepreneur, specializing in designing and building airships. He is best known as the founder and CEO of Aeros Corporation, an American manufacturer of airships based in Montebello, California and for his research on variable buoyancy control for airships. Igor Pasternak is an advocate of the cargo airship industry and lighter-than-air flight.

Montebello, California
Montebello (Italian for "Beautiful Mountain") is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, located just east of East Los Angeles and southwest of San Gabriel Valley. It is an independent city 8 mi (13 km) east of downtown Los Angeles. It is considered part of the Gateway Cities and San Gabriel Valley Cities, and is a member of the Gateway Cities Council of Governments and the San Gabriel Valley Council of Governments.

In the early 20th century, Montebello was a well-known source for oil reserves. At the 2020 census, the population estimate was 63,833. The population estimate for July 1, 2024, was 60,617.
Thomas Powers
Thomas Powers (born December 12, 1940, in New York City) is an American author and intelligence expert.

He was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting in 1971 together with Lucinda Franks for his articles on Weatherman member Diana Oughton (1942-1970). He was also the recipient of the Olive Branch award in 1984 for a cover story on the Cold War that appeared in The Atlantic, a 2007 Berlin Prize, and for his 2010 book on Crazy Horse the Los Angeles Times Book Prize for History.

Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting
This Pulitzer Prize has been awarded since 1942 for a distinguished example of reporting on national affairs in the United States.  In its first six years (1942–1947), it was called the Pulitzer Prize for Telegraphic Reporting – National.
Inebilizumab
Inebilizumab, sold under the brand name Uplizna, is a medication used for the treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, immunoglobulin G4-related disease, and generalized myasthenia gravis. Inebilizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to and depletes CD19+ B cells including plasmablasts and plasma cells (a CD19-directed cytolytic antibody).

The most common adverse reactions include urinary tract infection, headache, joint pain (arthralgia), nausea and back pain.

Inebilizumab was approved for medical use in the United States in June 2020, in the European Union in April 2022, and in Canada in December 2023. The US Food and Drug Administration considers it to be a first-in-class medication.

First-in-class medication
A first-in-class medication is a prototype drug that uses a "new and unique mechanism of action" to treat a particular medical condition. While the Food and Drug Administration's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research tracks first-in-class medications and reports on them annually, first-in-class is not considered a regulatory category. Although many first-in-class medications qualify as breakthrough therapies, Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapies and/or orphan drugs, first-in-class status itself has no regulatory effect.
Fothergill's Lessee v. Stover
Lessee of Fothergill v. Fothergill, 1 U.S. (1 Dall.) 6 (Pa. 1763) is a decision of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, issued when Pennsylvania was still a British colony. It is among the first decisions that appear in the first volume of United States Reports.

Province of Pennsylvania
The Province of Pennsylvania, also known as the Pennsylvania Colony, was a British North American colony founded by William Penn, who received the land through a grant from Charles II of England in 1681. The name Pennsylvania was derived from Latin, meaning "Penn's Woods", a reference to William Penn's father Admiral Sir William Penn.
Tobias Schönenberg
Tobias Schönenberg (born 17 August 1986 in Hagen, West Germany) is a German actor and film director.

In 2003, Tobias began earning money as a photomodel. He had always planned to study medicine, but a year and a half later, his career took off when he was offered a part in the German television soap Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden love), which has been running on the national television network Das Erste (The first) since 1995.

Tobias made his debut on 15 April 2005 as Paul Brandner, the handsome teenager with green eyes and blond hair, who is every woman's dream man.  Paul, the adopted son of Susanne Brandner, finds himself in the midst of several troubled love triangles.

In 2010, Tobias starred alongside his twin brother Stefan in Florian Gottschick's Twins, a short film that explores how the eponymous twins' incestuous sexual relationship influences and is influenced by one of the twins' impending nuptials.

His surname, Schönenberg, aptly means ‘beautiful mountain’.

Hagen
Hagen (German pronunciation: [ˈhaːɡn̩] ⓘ) is a city in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, in western Germany, on the southeastern edge of the Ruhr area, 15 km south of Dortmund, where the rivers Lenne and Volme meet the Ruhr. In 2023, the population was 197,677.

The city is home to the FernUniversität Hagen (University of Hagen), the only state-funded distance education university in Germany.
First Welland Canal
The Welland Canal has gone through many incarnations in its history. Today, five distinct canal-construction efforts are recognized. The retronym First Welland Canal is applied to the original canal, constructed from 1824 to 1829 and 1831 to 1833.

Port Dalhousie
Port Dalhousie /dəˈluːzi/ is a community in St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.  Known for its waterfront appeal,  it is home to the Royal Canadian Henley Regatta and is historically significant as the terminus for the first three (19th century) routes of the Welland Canal, built in 1820, 1845 and 1889.
Workers Trust and Merchant Bank Ltd v Dojap Investments Ltd
Workers Trust and Merchant Bank Ltd v Dojap Investments Ltd [1993] UKPC 7 is a contract law case of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, on appeal from the Court of Appeal of Jamaica. The case concerns the dividing line between a penal requirement for a deposit and liquidated damages.

Judiciary of Jamaica
The judiciary of Jamaica is based on the judiciary of the United Kingdom.
The courts are organized at four levels, with additional provision for appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London.  The Court of Appeal is the highest appellate court.  The Supreme Court has unlimited jurisdiction in all cases, and sits as the Circuit Court to try criminal cases.  The Parish Court (formerly known as the Resident Magistrate's court) in each parish hears both criminal and civil cases, excluding grave offences.  The Petty Sessions are held under Justices of the Peace, with power to hear minor crimes.

Jamaica is a common law jurisdiction, in which precedents from English law and British Commonwealth tradition may be taken into account.
Manoj Nandwana
Manoj Nandwana is a film distributor and Film Producer of Bollywood. with more than 14 years of experience in the movie business. Manoj Nandwana also famous for his controversial film project based on Neera Wadia.

Film distributor
A film distributor is a person responsible for the marketing of a film. The distribution company may be the same as, or different from, the production company. Distribution deals are an important part of financing a film.

The distributor may set the release date of a film and the method by which a film is to be exhibited or made available for viewing; for example, directly to the public either theatrically or for home viewing (DVD, video-on-demand, download, television programs through broadcast syndication etc.). A distributor may do this directly, if the distributor owns the theaters or film distribution networks, or through theatrical exhibitors and other sub-distributors. A limited distributor may deal only with particular products, such as DVDs or Blu-ray, or may act in a particular country or market. The primary distributor will often receive credit in the film's credits, one sheet or other marketing material.
Bellemerea elegans
Bellemerea elegans is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) and crustose lichen in the family Lecideaceae. Found in Antarctica, it was formally described as a new species in 2009 by Norwegian lichenologist Dag Øvstedal. The type specimen was collected from the Admiralty Bay area of King George Island. Here, at an altitude of 105 m (344 ft), it was found growing on boulders that were overgrown with the beard lichen Usnea aurantiacoatra. Bellemerea elegans is only known from the type specimen. It has a crustose, grey, areolate thallus measuring 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) wide. Its apothecia are more or less immersed in the thallus (aspicilioid), measuring up to 1.1 in diameter, with a dull brown disc. Ascospores number eight per ascus, and measure 12–14 by 5–7 μm. The lichen contains porphyrilic acid, a lichen product.

Admiralty Bay (South Shetland Islands)
Admiralty Bay is an irregular bay, 8 km (5 mi) wide at its entrance between Demay Point and Martins Head, indenting the southern coast of King George Island for 16 km (10 mi), in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. The name appears on a map of 1822 by Captain George Powell, a British sailor, and is now established in international usage. The Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station is situated on the bay, as is the Comandante Ferraz Brazilian Antarctic Base. It has been designated an Antarctic Specially Managed Area (ASMA 1).
Kyrion II of Georgia
St. Kyrion II (Georgian: კირიონ II) (November 10, 1855 – 26 June 1918) was a Georgian religious figure and historian who served as the first Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia after the restoration of independence (autocephaly) of the Georgian Orthodox Church from the Russian Orthodox Church in 1917 until his assassination in 1918. He was canonized by the Georgian Holy Synod in 2002.

Autocephaly
Autocephaly (/ɔːtəˈsɛfəli/; from Greek  αὐτοκεφαλία (autokephalia) 'self-headed') is the status of a hierarchical Christian church whose head bishop does not report to any higher-ranking bishop. The term is primarily used in Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches. The status has been compared with that of the churches (provinces) within the Anglican Communion.
Chikugogawa Prefectural Natural Park
Chikugogawa Prefectural Natural Park (筑後川県立自然公園, Chikugogawa kenritsu shizen kōen) is a Prefectural Natural Park in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. Established in 1950, the park spans the municipalities of Kama, Asakura, Kurume, Ukiha, Yame, and Tachiarai. The park derives its name from the Chikugo River.

Ukiha, Fukuoka
Ukiha (うきは市, Ukiha-shi) is a city located in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2024, the city had an estimated population of 27,723 in 11449 households, and a  population density of 240 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 117.46 km2 (45.35 sq mi).
Royal Academy Exhibition of 1866
The Royal Academy Exhibition of 1866 was the ninety eighth annual Summer Exhibition of the British Royal Academy of Arts. It was held at the National Gallery in London from 7 May to 28 July 1866. One of the most notable works on display was the Irish artist Daniel Maclise's The Death of Nelson, an oil painting based on the fresco he had produced for the Houses of Parliament.
It was the first exhibition during the Presidency of Francis Grant, in succession to Charles Lock Eastlake. The same year the Academy began its protracted move to a new permanent home at Burlington House in Piccadilly.

Paintings on display included Uncle Toby and the Widow Wadman by William Powell Frith and The Woodman's Dinner by Richard Redgrave.

Burlington House
Burlington House is a building on Piccadilly in Mayfair, London. It was originally a private English Baroque and then Neo-Palladian mansion owned by the Earls of Burlington. It was significantly expanded in the mid-19th century after being purchased by the British government. Today, the Royal Academy and five learned societies occupy much of the building.
Baird ministry (2014–2015)
The Baird ministry (2014–2015) or First Baird ministry was the 94th ministry of the Government of New South Wales, and was led by Mike Baird, the state's 44th Premier.

The Liberal–National coalition ministry was formed following the announcement by Barry O'Farrell on 16 April 2014 that he would resign as Premier. Baird was elected as leader of the Liberal Party on 17 April 2014 and was sworn in as Premier together with his ministry on 23 April 2014 at Government House by the Governor of New South Wales Marie Bashir.

The ministry covered the period from 17 April 2014 until 2 April 2015 when the Second Baird ministry was formed, following the re-election of the Coalition at the 2015 state election.

Mike Baird
Michael Bruce Baird (born 1 April 1968) is an Australian investment banker and former politician who was the 44th Premier of New South Wales, the Minister for Infrastructure, the Minister for Western Sydney, and the Leader of the New South Wales Liberal Party from April 2014 to January 2017.

Baird represented the electoral district of Manly in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for the Liberal Party from 2007 to 2017. Before becoming Premier, he was the Treasurer of New South Wales in the O'Farrell government between 2011 and 2014. On 19 January 2017, Baird announced his intention to step down and on 23 January he resigned as Premier and member for Manly.
Merrimack Warriors softball
The Merrimack Warriors softball team represents Merrimack College in NCAA Division I college softball. The team participates in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC), having joined following the 2023–2024 academic school year. From 1985 until 2019, the team was a member of the Northeast-10 Conference (NE–10), playing at the Division II level before transitioning to Division I in 2020. From 2020 until 2024, the team was a member of the Northeast Conference (NEC). In 2024 they joined the Metro athletic conference (MAAC). The Warriors are currently led by head coach Elaine Schwager. The team plays its home games at Martone-Mejail Field located on the college's campus.

Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference
The Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC, /mæk/) is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with NCAA Division I. Its current 13 full members are located in five Northeastern states: Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and New York.

Members are all relatively small private institutions, a majority Catholic or formerly Catholic, with the only exceptions being two secular institutions: Rider University and Quinnipiac University.

The MAAC currently sponsors 25 sports and has 17 associate member institutions.
Namasu (Hinduism)
Namuchi (Sanskrit: नमुचि, romanized: Namuchi), also known as Namasu is the son of the asura king Mahabali and the great-grandson of Prahlada in Hindu mythology. Among the 100 children of Mahabali, he is recognized as an exemplary devotee of Vishnu. Namasu was known as Upendra and Atheendhra.

Hindu mythology
Hindu mythology refers to the collection of myths associated with Hinduism, derived from various Hindu texts and traditions. These myths are found in sacred texts such as the Vedas, the Itihasas (the Mahabharata and the Ramayana), and the Puranas. They also appear in regional and ethnolinguistic texts, including the Bengali Mangal Kavya and the Tamil Periya Puranam and Divya Prabandham. Additionally, Hindu myths are also found in widely translated fables like the Panchatantra and the Hitopadesha, as well as in Southeast Asian texts influenced by Hindu traditions.
George Foster Herben
George Foster Herben (17 March 1893 – 17 March 1966) was an American physician. He spent his career in New York, predominantly treating tuberculosis. After interning at Brooklyn Hospital, Herben worked at the Loomis Sanitarium by Liberty, and then at the House of Rest at Sprain Ridge, a tuberculosis hospital and preventorium in Yonkers. At the House of Rest he variously served as physician in chief and as medical director. Herben developed and published several new treatments during this time, including a replacement for conventional iron lungs.

Herben was the son of Stephen J. Herben and Grace Foster Herben, a Methodist minister and missionary, respectively. His father's influence occasioned a number of high-profile acquaintances, from meeting President Theodore Roosevelt as a boy to knowing his father's friend Thomas Edison. He was the older brother of Stephen J. Herben Jr., a professor of philology at Bryn Mawr College.

Alvan Barach
Alvan Leroy Barach (1895–1977) was an American physician who made important contributions to pulmonary rehabilitation and oxygen therapy. He converted the oxygen tent into a closed system and he was among the early proponents of exercise and supplemental oxygen administration for patients with lung problems.
John Joel Glanton
John Joel Glanton (c. 1819 – April 23, 1850) was an early settler of Arkansas Territory. He was also a Texas Ranger and a soldier in the Mexican–American War and the leader of a notorious gang of scalp-hunters in Northern Mexico and the Southwestern United States during the mid-19th century. Contemporary sources also describe him as a murderous outlaw and prominent participant in the Texas Revolution. He appears as a violent figure in the works of the prominent Western writers Larry McMurtry and Cormac McCarthy.

19th century in the United States
The 19th century in the United States refers to the period in the United States from 1801 through 1900 in the Gregorian calendar.  For information on this period, see:

History of the United States series:
History of the United States (1789–1849)
History of the United States (1849–1865)
History of the United States (1865–1918)

Historical eras:
Jeffersonian era
Era of Good Feelings
Jacksonian era
American Civil War
Reconstruction era
Gilded Age
Progressive Era
Piazza Santa Croce
43°46′7.86″N 11°15′41.33″E﻿ / ﻿43.7688500°N 11.2614806°E﻿ / 43.7688500; 11.2614806

Piazza Santa Croce is one of the main plazas or squares located in the central neighbourhood of Florence, in the region of Tuscany, Italy.
It is located near Piazza della Signoria and the National Central Library, and takes its name from the Basilica of Santa Croce that overlooks the square.

Historic Centre of Florence
The historic centre of Florence is part of quartiere 1 of the Italian city of Florence. This quarter was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1982.

Built on the site of an Etruscan settlement, Florence, the symbol of the Renaissance, rose to economic and cultural pre-eminence under the Medici in the 15th and 16th centuries. Its 600 years of extraordinary artistic activity can be seen above all in the 13th-century cathedral (Santa Maria del Fiore), the Church of Santa Croce, the Uffizi and the Pitti Palace, the work of great masters such as Giotto, Filippo Brunelleschi, Sandro Botticelli and Michelangelo.
DB Class 610
The DB Class 610 is a Diesel Multiple Unit (DMU) train type operated by the Deutsche Bahn in Germany. They were built from 1991 to 1992 by MAN and Duewag. The class uses a tilting Hydraulic Fiat system used in Italian Pendolino trains.

MAN SE
MAN SE (abbreviation of Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg, German: [maˈʃiːnənfaˌbʁiːk ˈʔaʊksbʊʁk ˈnʏʁnbɛʁk]) was a manufacturing and engineering company based in Munich, Germany. Its primary output was commercial vehicles and diesel engines through its MAN Truck & Bus and MAN Latin America divisions, and participation in the manufacturer Sinotruk.

MAN SE was majority-owned by Traton, the heavy commercial vehicle subsidiary of automaker Volkswagen AG, until August 2021 when Traton completed a squeeze-out of all remaining shareholders and formally merged MAN SE into Traton SE, meaning the former subsidiaries of MAN SE were now directly owned by Traton, and MAN SE ceased to exist.
Rampart Ridge (Washington)
Rampart Ridge is a 5,870 ft (1,790 m) elevation mountain ridge located in the Cascade Range, in Kittitas County of Washington state. It is situated northeast of Hyak, Washington, and the north end of Keechelus Lake, within the Alpine Lakes Wilderness, on land managed by Wenatchee National Forest. Its nearest higher peak is Alta Mountain, 1.74 mi (2.80 km) to the north-northeast, and Dungeon Peak rises 0.77 mi (1.24 km) to the south-southwest. The north-south trending ridge is characterized by vertical cliffs on its west-facing side above the Gold Creek valley, and gentle meadows with lakes on the eastern side, such as Rachel Lake, Lake Lillian, and the Rampart Lakes. The descriptive name of rampart was officially adopted 1918 by the United States Board on Geographic Names based on a suggestion by The Mountaineers. Precipitation runoff from the ridge drains into tributaries of the Yakima River.

Rampart Lakes
Rampart Lakes area a set of contiguous freshwater reservoir lakes located on the south slope of Alta Mountain, in Kittitas County, Washington. Self-issued Alpine Lake Wilderness permit required for transit within the Klonaqua Lakes area. The lake is a popular area for hiking, swimming, and fishing cutthroat trout.
Italyanskaya Street
Italyanskaya Street (Russian: Итальянская улица, romanized: Ital'yaskaya ulitsa, lit. 'Italian Street') is a street located in the Tsentralny District of Saint Petersburg, Russia. It runs parallel to Nevsky Prospect between the Griboyedov Canal to the Fontanka, intersecting with the Arts Square and Manezhnaya Square, as well as the Mikhailovskaya, Sadovaya, Malaya Sadovaya and Karavannaya streets.

The Italyanskaya Street was named after the Italian Palace, built in 1739 for either Empress Catherine I or Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna (the wife and daughter of Peter the Great, respectively) on the opposite side of the Fontanka, and demolished in the early 19th century. The Catherine Institute was built in its place, and the current building belongs to the National Library of Russia.

Between 1871 and 1902, the street was called Bolshaya Italyanskaya ("Big Italian"), while the modern Zhukovskogo Street was called Malaya Italyanskaya ("Small Italian").

Tsentralny District, Saint Petersburg
Tsentralny District (Russian: Центра́льный райо́н) is a district of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 214,625; down from 236,856 recorded in the 2002 Census.