hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
White space (visual arts)
In page layout and illustration, white space (or often negative space) is the portion of a page left unmarked: margins, gutters, and space between columns, lines of type, graphics, figures, or objects drawn or depicted. 
It is not necessarily actually white if the background is of a different colour. The term arises from graphic design practice, where printing processes generally use white paper.
White space may be affirmatively an element of design rather than just space left blank.

When space is at a premium, such as in some types of magazine, newspaper, and yellow pages advertising, white space is restricted in order to get as much information onto the page as possible. A page full of text or graphics with very little white space may appear cluttered, and be difficult to read. Some designs compensate for restricted white space by use of leading and typeface. Extensive white space may be left intentionally, with the purpose of giving an appearance deemed classic, elegant, or rich.

Illustration
An illustration is a decoration, interpretation, or visual explanation of a text, concept, or process, designed for integration in print and digitally published media, such as posters, flyers, magazines, books, teaching materials, animations, video games and films. An illustration is typically created by an illustrator. Digital illustrations are often used to make websites and apps more user-friendly, such as the use of emojis to accompany digital type. Illustration also means providing an example; either in writing or in picture form.

The origin of the word "illustration" is late Middle English (in the sense ‘illumination; spiritual or intellectual enlightenment’): via Old French from Latin illustratio(n-), from the verb illustrare.
Sangwe cooperative
Sangwe cooperatives are government-sponsored rural cooperatives in Burundi, launched in 2019.
They receive interest-free loans to develop agriculture and livestock. 
There have been practical difficulties, including poor management, misconceived projects, theft and concerns that membership of the ruling party is required to gain benefits.

Burundian franc
The franc (ISO 4217 code is BIF) is the currency of Burundi. It is nominally subdivided into 100 centimes, although coins have never been issued in centimes since Burundi began issuing its own currency. Only during the period when Burundi used the Belgian Congo franc were centime coins issued.
William Henry Johnson (valet)
William Henry Johnson (March 4, 1833 – January 28, 1864) was a free African American and a sometime personal valet of Abraham Lincoln. Having first worked for Lincoln in Springfield, Illinois, Johnson accompanied the President-Elect to Washington, D.C. for his first inauguration (1861).

Once there, he was employed in various jobs, part-time as President's valet and barber, and later, following strife with others on the White House staff, as a messenger for the Treasury Department at $600 (equivalent to US$20,998 in 2024) per year. Johnson traveled with Lincoln in November 1863 to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, where Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address. While traveling, Lincoln experienced symptoms of the onset of smallpox. At that time, an epidemic was spreading through Washington, D.C. and Lincoln's son Tad Lincoln had smallpox. Johnson tended to Lincoln and became quite ill by January 12, 1864, when he was admitted to a hospital. Johnson died within the next couple of weeks.

Free Negro
In the British colonies in North America and in the United States before the abolition of slavery in 1865 free Negro, free Black, and free Colored described the legal status of African Americans who were not enslaved. The term was applied both to formerly enslaved people (freedmen) and to those who had been born free (free people of color), whether of African or mixed descent.
Table tennis at the 1958 Asian Games – Women's doubles
The women's doubles table tennis event was part of the table tennis programme and took place between 28 and 31 May, at the Waseda University Gymnasium. 9 teams from 5 nations entered for the tournament, teams from the same NOC would not face each other before the final.

The Japanese duo of Fujie Eguchi and Kazuko Yamaizumi won the gold medal after beating Baguio Wong and Ng Yuk Chun from Hong Kong 21–13, 21–12, 21–3 in the final.

Baguio Wong
Baguio Wong Bik Yiu (Chinese: 黃碧瑤; Jyutping: wong4 bik1 jiu4) is a former table tennis player from Hong Kong. From 1952 to 1956 she won several medals in singles, doubles, and team events in the Asian Table Tennis Championships.
2007 WTA Tour Championships
The 2007 WTA Tour Championships, officially Sony Ericsson Championships, is the thirty seventh season-ending WTA Tour Championships, the annual tennis tournament for the eight best female tennis players in singles, and four teams in doubles, on the 2007 WTA Tour. It was held from 6 November though 11 November 2007, in Madrid, Spain.

Since 2005, main tournament sponsor is Sony Ericsson; and for the second time, the final event in the Sony Ericsson WTA Tour calendar is held in Spain, on Casa de Campo grounds, in Madrid Arena.

Justine Henin from Belgium won the tournament and the check for $1 million, her second tournament title in a row, defeating Maria Sharapova in three sets. Cara Black and Liezel Huber defeated Ai Sugiyama and Katarina Srebotnik in the final of doubles competition.

Madrid Arena
Madrid Arena is an indoor arena located in the city of Madrid, in the fairgrounds in the Casa de Campo, just minutes from the city centre. Built from the old Rocódromo, the pavilion was designed by Spanish architects Estudio Cano Lasso who designed this versatile building in 2001 to host sporting events, commercial, cultural and leisure activities. The pavilion was sponsored by the company Telefónica for what was also known as Telefónica Arena.
Alderbrink Press
Alderbrink Press was a book publishing firm in Chicago run by Ralph Fletcher Seymour from 1897 until 1965.

The Alderbrink Press maintained the traditions of the Arts and Crafts Movement. One early appreciation of its work said that it published "a variety of books in various styles, but all show great care in fitting together traits and materials which harmonize, and not a few deserve unreserved praise."

Among the works that appeared under its imprint were Frank Lloyd Wright's The Japanese Print (1912) and Experimenting with Human Lives (1923), and Alice Corbin's Red Earth: Poems of New Mexico (1920). It published Henry Blake Fuller's Bertram Cope's Year (1919).

Henry Blake Fuller
Henry Blake Fuller (January 9, 1857 – July 28, 1929) was an American novelist and short story writer. He was born and worked  in Chicago, Illinois. He is perhaps the earliest novelist from Chicago to gain a national reputation. His exploration of city life was seen as revelatory, and later in his life he was perhaps the earliest established American author to explore homosexuality in fiction.
Alive (Chick Corea album)
Alive is a live in the studio album by the Chick Corea Akoustic Band, recorded on Stage 7 in Sunset Gower Studios in Los Angeles in December 1989, and released in 1991 through the record label GRP. The album peaked at number three on Billboard's Top Jazz Albums chart. The trio of Corea, bassist John Patitucci and drummer Dave Weckl performed before an invited audience.

Sunset Gower Studios
Sunset Gower Studios is a 14-acre (57,000 m2) television and movie studio at the corner of Sunset Boulevard and North Gower Street in the Hollywood neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, United States. Established in 1912, it continues today as Hollywood's largest independent studio and an active facility for television and film production on its twelve soundstages.
Fūga Wakashū
The Fūga Wakashū (風雅和歌集; "Poetry Collection of Elegance"), also abbreviated as the Fūgashū (風雅集) was an imperial anthology of Japanese waka; it was compiled somewhere between 1344 and 1346 CE, by Emperor Hanazono, who also wrote its Chinese and Japanese Prefaces. It consists of twenty volumes containing 2,210 poems. This, with the Gyokuyoshu was one of the only two Imperial anthologies to be heavily influenced or compiled by persons affiliated with the innovative Kyogoku and Reizei factions. As befits two clans descended from Fujiwara no Teika, this collection harkens back to his styles of poetry; Miner and Brower consider it to be "the last of the great collections of Court poetry."

Emperor Hanazono
Emperor Hanazono (花園天皇, Hanazono-tennō; 14 August 1297 – 2 December 1348) was the 95th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.  His reign spanned the years from 1308 through 1318.
1990 Venda coup d'état
The 1990 Venda coup d'état was a bloodless military coup in Venda, an unrecognised state and a nominally independent South African homeland for the Venda people, which took place on 5 April 1990. The coup was led by the then 48-year-old Colonel Gabriel Ramushwana, the Chief of Staff of the Venda Defence Force, against the government of President Frank Ravele (NPV).

Ramushwana's military government stayed in power until January 1994, several months before the reunification of Venda with South Africa after the first post-apartheid general election.

Puppet state
A puppet state, puppet régime, puppet government or dummy government is a state that is de jure independent but de facto completely dependent upon an outside power and subject to its orders. Puppet states have nominal sovereignty, except that a foreign power effectively exercises control through economic or military support. By leaving a local government in existence the outside power evades all responsibility, while at the same time successfully paralysing the local government they tolerate.

Puppet states differ from allies, who choose their actions of their own initiative or in accordance with treaties they have voluntarily entered. Puppet states are forced into legally endorsing actions already taken by a foreign power.
Korres, Álava
Korres (Basque pronunciation: [kores̺], Spanish: Corres [ˈkores]) is a hamlet and concejo located in the municipality of Arraia-Maeztu, in Álava province, Basque Country, Spain. The hamlet is located within the Izki Natural Park.

Concejo (Álava)
The concejos (Basque: kontzejuak, Spanish: concejos) are a type of sub-municipal administrative unit in the province of Álava, Basque Country, Spain.

Within the Spanish legal framework, the general name for such sub-municipal units is minor local entity (formally in Spanish: entidad de ámbito territorial inferior al municipio, lit. 'entity of sub-municipal territorial scope' also known by their acronym EATIMs).

The existence of concejos in Álava is documented since the 13th century. Their current status dates from 1984, when a law providing for elections to the concejos was passed; and from 1995, when their juridical status was clarified.
Ratnayaka
Ratnayaka is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Abeyratne Ratnayaka (1900-1977), Sri Lankan politician

Madhubahashini Disanayaka Ratnayaka (fl. 1990–2011), Sri Lankan academic and author

Sagala Ratnayaka (born 1968), Sri Lankan politician

Madhubahashini Disanayaka Ratnayaka
Madhubhashini Disanayaka Ratnayaka is a Sri Lankan academic and author. Her novel There is Something I Have to Tell You won the Gratiaen Prize in 2011. She is the Head of English Language at the University of Sri Jayewardenepura.
Erica drakensbergensis
Erica drakensbergensis, the Drakensberg heath, is a plant belonging to the genus Erica. The species is native to South Africa and Eswatini. In South Africa, the plant occurs in Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga and the Free State.

Free State (province)
The Free State is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Bloemfontein, which is also South Africa's judicial capital. Its historical origins lie in the Boer republic called the Orange Free State and later the Orange Free State Province.
Hsu Su-yeh
Hsu Su-yeh (Chinese: 許素葉; 16 December 1933 – 14 April 2023) was a Taiwanese politician.

Hsu served as adviser and director of the Kuomintang's Central Committee, was chief operating officer of the farmers' association in Huxi, Penghu, and led women's associations at the county and provincial level. She first served on the Penghu County Council from 1958 to 1961, then was elected to five consecutive terms between 1964 and 1990, serving as council speaker from 1977 to 1982. Hsu represented Penghu on the Taiwan Provincial Consultative Council from 1989 to 1998, and held a party list seat on the Legislative Yuan from 1999 to 2002. During her tenure on the Legislative Yuan, she criticized the Ministry of Transportation and Communications for their unwillingness to establish casinos in Taiwan.

Hsu died on 14 April 2023, aged 89.

Penghu County Council
The Penghu County Council (traditional Chinese: 澎湖縣議會; simplified Chinese: 澎湖县议会; pinyin: Pēnghú Xiàn Yìhuì) is the elected county council of Penghu County, Republic of China. It is composed of 19 councilors who were last elected in the 2022 Republic of China local election on 26 November 2022, with their term beginning on 25 December 2022 and scheduled to run through 2026.
Pea-pickers
A pea-picker is a derogatory reference to poor, migrant workers during the Great Depression.  These people were unskilled, poorly educated workers, employable only in menial jobs, such as harvesting crops and, as such, received poor wages for working long hours under dreadful conditions.  Some of these people were photographed by Dorothea Lange.

The term "pea picker" is used to distinguish a group as a lower social class from some other similar group, such as the "pea-picking" Smiths, as opposed to the "respectable" Smiths. Temporary communities of pea-pickers are called pea picker camps and farms that employed them were pea-picker farms.

Dorothea Lange
Dorothea Lange (born Dorothea Margaretta Nutzhorn; May 26, 1895 – October 11, 1965) was an American documentary photographer and photojournalist, best known for her Depression-era work for the Farm Security Administration (FSA). Lange's photographs influenced the development of documentary photography and humanized the consequences of the Great Depression.
Joshua Brooksbank
Joshua Brooksbank (22 March 1642 – 5 February 1692) was a Church of Ireland priest in Ireland during the late seventeenth century.

Brooksbank was born at Eccleshill, West Yorkshire and educated at Christ's College, Cambridge. He graduated BA in 1664 and MA in 1667. He was ordained deacon by Matthew Wren the Bishop of Ely on 22 September 1664; and priest by William Fuller the Bishop of Lincoln on 12 March 1867. He was Precentor of Limerick Cathedral from 1689 until 1690;  and Dean of Clonfert from 1670 until his death.

St Mary's Cathedral, Limerick
Saint Mary's Cathedral, Limerick, is a cathedral of the Church of Ireland in Limerick, Ireland, which is dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary. It is in the ecclesiastical province of Dublin. Previously the cathedral of the Diocese of Limerick, Ardfert and Aghadoe, it is now one of six cathedrals in the Diocese of Tuam, Limerick and Killaloe.
Matrix geometric method
In probability theory, the matrix geometric method is a method for the analysis of quasi-birth–death processes, continuous-time Markov chain whose transition rate matrices with a repetitive block structure. The method was developed "largely by Marcel F. Neuts and his students starting around 1975."

Transition-rate matrix
In probability theory, a transition-rate matrix (also known as a Q-matrix, intensity matrix, or infinitesimal generator matrix) is an array of numbers describing the instantaneous rate at which a continuous-time Markov chain transitions between states.

In a transition-rate matrix  (sometimes written ), element  (for ) denotes the rate departing from  and arriving in state . The rates , and the diagonal elements  are defined such that

,

and therefore the rows of the matrix sum to zero.

Up to a global sign, a large class of examples of such matrices is provided by the Laplacian of a directed, weighted graph. The vertices of the graph correspond to the Markov chain's states.
Stefan Szende
Stefan Szende (born István Szende: 10 April 1901 – 5 May 1985) was a Hungaro-Swedish political scientist, politician, journalist and writer who during the Nazi years became an anti-fascist resistance fighter and a victim of the concentration camp system.

Szombathely
Szombathely (Hungarian: [ˈsombɒthɛj]; German: Steinamanger [ˌʃtaɪnaˈmaŋɐ] ⓘ; also see names) is the 10th largest city in Hungary. It is the administrative centre of Vas County in the west of the country, located near the border with Austria. Szombathely lies by the streams Perint and Gyöngyös (literally "pearly"), where the Alpokalja (Lower Alps) mountains meet the Little Hungarian Plain. The oldest city in Hungary, Szombathely is known as the birthplace of Saint Martin of Tours.
Dilshod Mansurov
Dilshod Mansurov (born December 12, 1983, in Tashkent) is a male freestyle wrestler from Uzbekistan.  He participated in Men's freestyle 55 kg at 2008 Summer Olympics. He earned 4th place after losing the bronze medal fight with Besik Kudukhov.

Mansurov also participated in 2004 Summer Olympics where he was ranked 10th and the 2012 Summer Olympics where he was 14th.

He is a winner of 2003 and 2005 FILA Wrestling World Championships (Men's freestyle 55 kg).

Mansurov won gold medals at 2002 Asian Games and 2006 Asian Games and 2010 Asian Games.

Wrestling at the 2006 Asian Games
Wrestling was contested by men and women at the 2006 Asian Games in Doha, Qatar. Only men competed in Greco-Roman wrestling while both men and women contested for medals in freestyle wrestling. All competition were held from December 9 to December 14 at Aspire Hall 4.
Emerald Cloud Lab
Emerald Cloud Lab (ECL) is a privately owned biotech startup. The company focuses on advancing laboratory virtualization, for chemistry and biotechnology, by building the first fully functional cloud lab, allowing scientists to conduct all of their wet lab research without being in a physical laboratory.

Wet lab
A wet lab, or experimental lab, is a type of laboratory where it is necessary to handle various types of chemicals and potential "wet" hazards, so the room has to be carefully designed, constructed, and controlled to avoid spillage and contamination.

A dry lab might have large experimental equipment but minimal chemicals, or instruments for analyzing data produced elsewhere.
Compare Travel Insurance
Compare Travel Insurance is an Australian travel insurance price comparison website, comparing the policies of more than 20 travel insurance brands. Owned and operated by CoverDirect Pty Ltd, it has directors and shareholders in common with 1Cover, i-Trek, Ski-Insurance and Zoom Travel Insurance. The site also operates in New Zealand, as Comparetravelinsurance.co.nz.

Travel insurance
Travel insurance is an insurance product for covering unexpected losses incurred while travelling, either internationally or domestically. Basic policies generally only cover emergency medical expenses while overseas, while comprehensive policies typically include coverage for trip cancellation, lost luggage, flight delays, public liability, and other expenses.

The United States Travel Insurance market valued at over $4B, protecting around 77 million people through around 49 million plans in 2022, according to the United States Travel Insurance Association.

Updated statistics indicate that U.S. travelers spent $5.56 billion on travel insurance in 2024, according to the 2022–2024 Travel Protection Market Study from the U.S. Travel Insurance Association (USTIA). In 2024, 86.97 million people were protected by 54.87 million plans provided by USTIA members.
Warlpiri Youth Development Aboriginal Corporation
The Warlpiri Youth Development Aboriginal Corporation (WYDAC), formerly known as the Mt Theo Program and then the Mt Theo-Yuendumu Substance Misuse Aboriginal Corporation, is a provider of youth services and programs for young Warlpiri people, founded and run by Warlpiri people in Central Australia, with its home base in Yuendumu community. It was previously a successful youth diversion and development program.

Central Australia
Central Australia, also sometimes referred to as the Red Centre, is an inexactly defined region associated with the geographic centre of Australia. In its narrowest sense it describes a region that is limited to the town of Alice Springs and its immediate surrounds including the MacDonnell Ranges. Commonly, it refers to an area up to 600 km (370 mi) from Alice Springs, in every direction. In its broadest use it can include almost any region in inland Australia that has remained relatively undeveloped, and in this sense is synonymous with the term Outback.

In a modern, more formal sense it can refer to the administrative region used by the Northern Territory government, as of 2022.

Centralia is another term associated with the area, most commonly used by locals.
2018 RAN Women's 10s
The 2018 RAN Women’s 10s was the third edition of the women's rugby tens tournament that was hosted by Mexico at Mexico City from July 12 to 13. USA South were undefeated in the tournament, they eventually won the championship after beating Jamaica 19–12 in the final.

Rugby tens
Rugby tens, also known as ten-a-side and Xs, is a variant of rugby union in which teams are made up of ten players, typically five forwards and five backs.  Matches are much shorter, usually played as two ten-minute halves.

Unlike the other two major rugby union variants - sevens and beach rugby - which were invented in major rugby nations, rugby tens was developed in Malaysia, a nation that has never qualified for the Rugby World Cup.

The rules (law variations) are similar to rugby sevens and are published on the World Rugby website.
Pepoli
The Pepoli family was an Italian aristocratic banking family of Bologna, in northern Italy. They were lords of the city for thirteen years in the fourteenth century.
A branch of the family moved to Trapani in Sicily and were granted several feudal lordships and baronies.

Signoria
A signoria (Italian: [siɲɲoˈriːa])  was the governing authority in many of the Italian city-states during the Medieval and Renaissance periods.
The word signoria comes from signore (Italian: [siɲˈɲoːre]), or "lord", an abstract noun meaning (roughly) "government", "governing authority", de facto "sovereignty", "lordship"; pl.: signorie.
1995 Citizen Cup – Doubles
The 1995 Citizen Cup doubles was a tennis event played on outdoor clay courts at the Am Rothenbaum in Hamburg in Germany that was part of Tier II of the 1995 WTA Tour. The 1995 Citizen Cup tournament was held from 1 May through 7 May 1995.

Jana Novotná and Arantxa Sánchez Vicario were the defending champions but only Novotná competed that year with Mary Pierce. Novotná and Pierce lost in the first round to Elena Makarova and Eugenia Maniokova. Gigi Fernández and Martina Hingis won in the final 6–2, 6–3 against Conchita Martínez and Patricia Tarabini.

Am Rothenbaum
Am Rothenbaum is the site of the main tennis court of the German Open Tennis Championships, played in the Harvestehude quarter of Hamburg, Germany. Though the site is called "Tennisstadion am Rothenbaum" (lit. Tennis Stadium at the Rothenbaum), it is today officially located in the Harvestehude quarter of Hamburg.