hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jindai-ji (Chiba)
Jindai-ji (甚大寺) is a Buddhist temple located in the city of Sakura in Chiba Prefecture, Japan.  The temple was originally located in Yamagata Prefecture, but when the Hotta clan was granted control of the Sakura Domain, Hotta Masasuke moved the temple in 1746 to serve as the clan's funerary temple (菩提寺, bodaiji),  or family temple. The Hotta clan's historical grave marker is located at Jindai-ji, as are the tombstones of Hotta Masatoshi, Hotta Masayoshi, and Hotta Masatomo, all of which are designated as Chiba Prefectural Historical Places. The bronze statue of the Eleven-Faced Kannon, the primary object of veneration at Jindai-ji, is by the artist Tsuda Shinobu (1875-1946).

Yamagata Prefecture
Yamagata Prefecture (山形県, Yamagata-ken) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. It has a population of 1,005,926 (1 February 2025) and an area of 9,325 km2 (3,600 sq mi). Its neighbours are Akita Prefecture to the north, Miyagi Prefecture to the east, Fukushima Prefecture to the south, and Niigata Prefecture to the southwest.

The capital and largest city is Yamagata, with other major cities being Tsuruoka, Sakata and Yonezawa. The prefecture is located on Japan's western Sea of Japan coast and its borders with neighboring prefectures are formed by various mountain ranges, with 17% of its total land area being designated as Natural Parks. Yamagata Prefecture formed the southern half of the historic Dewa Province with Akita Prefecture and is home to the Three Mountains of Dewa, which includes the Haguro Five-story Pagoda, a recognised National Treasure of Japan.
Intelligent computer-assisted language learning
Intelligent Computer Assisted Language Learning (ICALL), or Intelligent Computer Assisted Language Instruction (ICALI), involves the application of computing technologies to the teaching and learning of second or foreign languages.  ICALL combines Artificial intelligence with Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) systems to provide software that interacts intelligently with students, responding flexibly and dynamically to student's learning progress.

Natural language processing (NLP) and Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) are prominent computing technologies in artificial intelligence that inform and influence ICALL.  Other computing technologies applied to ICALL include Knowledge representation (KP), Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), Neural networks, User modelling, and Expert systems. In relation to language learning, ICALL utilizes linguistic theory and theories of second-language acquisition in its pedagogy.

Basic linguistic theory
Basic linguistic theory (BLT) is a term coined by R. M. W. Dixon to describe the theoretical framework and basic concepts that is generally used in grammatical description of languages, and in linguistic typology.

It is not always considered to be a theory, but is used in so-called "theory neutral" language description. Proponents of basic linguistic theory as theory point out that it is a set of concepts and theoretical assumptions that has been accumulated from empirical investigation of the world's languages. However, critics will posit that there is no part of basic linguistic terminology that all linguists in the world agree about.
Eocoelopoma
Eocoelopoma (meaning "dawn hollow-cover" in Greek) is an extinct genus of prehistoric scombrid fish, related to mackerels and tunas, known from the Eocene of Eurasia. It contains several species known from the Early Eocene of England and Turkmenistan.

The genus name originates from Coelopoma, coined as a nomen nudum by Agassiz (1844). Two species in the genus were also named by Agassiz as nomina nuda, until they were given by Woodward (1901).

The following species are known:

†E. colei Woodward, 1901 ex Agassiz, 1845 (type species) - early Eocene of England (London Clay) (=Coelopoma colei Agassiz, 1845)

†E. curvatum Woodward, 1901 ex Owen, 1854 - early Eocene of England (London Clay) (=Coelopoma laeve Agassiz, 1844, Coelopoma curvatum Owen, 1854)

†E. gigas Casier, 1966 - early Eocene of England (London Clay)

†E. portentosum Bannikov, 1985 - earliest Eocene of Turkmenistan (Danata Formation)

The former species E. hopwoodi has been reassigned to its own genus, Micrornatus.

Danata Formation
The Danata Formation (or Danatinskaya, Danatinsk, Russian: Danata Svita) is an earliest Eocene to Middle Eocene sedimentary succession located in Turkmenistan. It is mostly famous for its fish-bearing horizons (Ichthyofauna).
The formation for example crops out in the Kopet Dag mountain range in the border region of Turkmenistan and Iran. It was deposited in a far northeastern arm of the Tethys Sea.

Previously, it was thought that the earliest horizons of this formation dated to the latest Paleocene (Thanetian). However, more recent studies have found the formation's sapropel to originate from a global anoxic event caused by the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, indicating that it formed just after the Paleocene-Eocene boundary, during the earliest Ypresian.
Chadian Women's Championship
The Chadian Women's Championship is the highest level of league competition for women's football in Chad. It is the women's equivalent of the men's Chad Premier League. Starting with the 2021, the league champion will qualify for the CAF Women's Champions League.

2021 CAF Women's Champions League
The 2021 CAF Women's Champions League, known as the 2021 TotalEnergies CAF Women's Champions League for sponsorship purposes, was the inaugural edition of the annual African women's association football club tournament organized by CAF. It was held in Cairo, Egypt from 5 to 19 November 2021.
Chinchinero
A Chinchinero is an urban street performer in Chile, usually a man or young boy, who plays a bass drum-type percussion instrument with long drumsticks strapped to his back which also involves a rope with a noose tied around the performer's foot to play the cymbals which also form part of this improvised instrument. Said instrument has been invented and produced informally and can carry any rhythm or melody.

The Chinchinero often works with an organillero, street organ player, possessing a hand-operated street organ.

While the organ is played the Chinchinero plays and dances whatever it is playing - foxtrot, waltz, tango, or cueca.

These performers roam the streets and cities of Chile and have even performed by invitation outside of the country as far as Europe. The foreign performances are coordinated by Chile's Department of Culture within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Chile.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Chile)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Chile (Spanish: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores) is the cabinet-level administrative office in charge of planning, directing, coordinating, executing, controlling and informing the foreign policy formulated by the President of Chile. It is located in the Edificio José Miguel Carrera at Plaza de la Constitución (Constitution Square), in downtown Santiago.

The present minister of foreign affairs (who is also known colloquially as Chancellor) is Alberto van Klaveren.
Épico
Épico is the debut studio album by Puerto Rican singer Lunay. Released on October 25, 2019, under the label Star Island, the album features 14 tracks, and features collaborations with urban artists such as Daddy Yankee, Bad Bunny, Ozuna, Anuel AA, Myke Towers, Wisin & Yandel, Brytiago, Lyanno, Alex Rose, Darell, Chris Jedi and Gaby Music. It was released 14 months after Lunay started his musical career.

Wisin & Yandel
Wisin & Yandel were a Puerto Rican reggaeton duo consisting of Wisin and Yandel. They started their career in 1998 and stayed together until 2023, winning several awards including a Grammy Award in 2009. They became the first and the only reggaeton artists to win one. In late 2013, they announced they would take a pause in their career as a duo, after their Líderes Tour. In a 2014 interview with People en Español, Yandel confirmed that the group would not be disbanding. In February 2018, following a five-year hiatus, the duo announced they would be reuniting, and were set to embark on a world tour, as well as release new music. They sold over 15 million records.

In 2022 at the BMI Latin Awards, the duo received the BMI President's award. Later that year, Rolling Stone described them as one of the most respected and long-lasting teams in reggaeton.
Katsutoshi Nekoda
Katsutoshi Nekoda (猫田 勝敏, Nekoda Katsutoshi; born 1 February 1944, in Hiroshima – died 4 September 1983) was a Japanese volleyball player and four-time Olympian. Nekoda was a member of the Japanese men's national volleyball team as a setter.

Nekoda led the Japan national volleyball team to a bronze medal in the 1964 Summer Olympics, a silver medal in the 1968 Summer Olympics, and a gold medal in the 1972 Summer Olympics. He was the flagbearer of Japan at the 1976 Summer Olympics.

Nekoda invented the ceiling serve, a serve where the ball is hit up towards the ceiling with all the lights to make it difficult to judge the landing. He retired in 1980, and died of stomach cancer in 1983.

In 2023, Nekoda was posthumously inducted into the International Volleyball Hall of Fame.

International Volleyball Hall of Fame
The International Volleyball Hall of Fame (IVHF) was founded to honor extraordinary players, coaches, officials, and leaders who have made significant contributions to the game of volleyball. The Hall of Fame is located in Holyoke, Massachusetts, where volleyball was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan at the local YMCA.
Hubberts Bridge railway station
Hubberts Bridge railway station serves the village of Hubberts Bridge in Lincolnshire, England. It is located on the Sleaford to Boston section of the Poacher line.  Opened along with the line by the Boston, Sleaford and Midland Counties Railway in 1859, The eastbound platform is longer than the westbound platform: it can accommodate a three-car train, whereas the westbound platform can only accommodate a two-car train.

The station is now owned by Network Rail and managed by East Midlands Railway  who provide all rail services.

A signal box at the West end of the station supervises a level crossing and the western end of the single track section from Boston. However, the station itself is unstaffed and offers limited facilities other than two shelters, bicycle storage, timetables and modern 'Help Points'. The full range of tickets for travel are purchased from the guard on the train at no extra cost, there are no retail facilities at this station.

Signalling control
On a rail transport system, signalling control is the process by which control is exercised over train movements by way of railway signals and block systems to ensure that trains operate safely, over the correct route and to the proper timetable. Signalling control was originally exercised via a decentralised network of control points that were known by a variety of names including signal box (International and British) and interlocking tower (North America). London Underground call them signalling cabins, and the Great Central Railway referred to them as signal cabins. Currently these decentralised systems are being consolidated into wide scale signalling centres or dispatch offices. Whatever the form, signalling control provides an interface between the human signal operator and the lineside signalling equipment. The technical apparatus used to control switches (points), signals and block systems is called interlocking.
1876 Manchester City Council election
Elections to Manchester City Council took place on Wednesday, 1 November 1876. One third of the councillors seats were up for election, with each successful candidate to serve a three-year term of office. The Liberal Party retained overall control of the council.

Manchester City Council
Manchester City Council is the local authority for the city of Manchester in Greater Manchester, England. Manchester has had an elected local authority since 1838, which has been reformed several times. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. The council has been a member of the Greater Manchester Combined Authority since 2011.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 1971. It is based at Manchester Town Hall.
Tomb of Seti I
The tomb of Seti I, also known by its tomb number, KV17, is the tomb of Pharaoh Seti I of the Nineteenth Dynasty. Located in Egypt's Valley of the Kings, It is also known by the names "Belzoni's tomb", "the Tomb of Apis", and "the Tomb of Psammis, son of Nechois". It is one of the most decorated tombs in the valley, and is one of the largest and deepest tombs in the Valley of the Kings. It was uncovered by Italian archaeologist and explorer Giovanni Belzoni on 16 October 1817.

Ancient Egyptian funerary practices
The ancient Egyptians had an elaborate set of funerary practices that they believed were necessary to ensure their immortality after death. These rituals included mummifying the body, casting magic spells, and burials with specific grave goods thought to be needed in the afterlife.

The ancient burial process evolved over time as old customs were discarded and new ones adopted, but several important elements of the process persisted. Although specific details changed over time, the preparation of the body, the magic rituals, and grave goods were all essential parts of a proper Egyptian funeral.
Ship Tavern, Holborn
The Ship Tavern is an inn at the western corner of Lincoln's Inn Fields, at the corner of Gate Street and the Little Turnstile in London.  Established in 1549, at the height of the English Reformation, when Catholicism became illegal, it was used to shelter Catholic priests and hold secret Catholic services.

It was originally in Whetstone Park, which was notorious for its gambling houses. Richard Penderell, who aided Charles I's escape, visited it, as did John Bagford (a shoemaker and antiquarian), the Chevalier d'Eon (a man who lived as a woman) and John Smeaton (the builder of the Eddystone Lighthouse). It was consecrated as Masonic lodge 234 in 1786 by the Grand Master, the Earl of Antrim, and rebuilt in 1923.

Chevalière d'Éon
Charlotte d'Éon de Beaumont or Charles d'Éon de Beaumont (5 October 1728 – 21 May 1810), usually known as the Chevalière d'Éon or the Chevalier d'Éon, was a French diplomat, spy, and soldier. D'Éon fought in the Seven Years' War, and spied for France while in Russia and England. D'Éon had androgynous physical characteristics and natural abilities as a mimic and a spy. D'Éon appeared publicly as a man and pursued masculine occupations for 49 years, although during that time, d'Éon successfully infiltrated the court of Empress Elizabeth of Russia by presenting as a woman. Starting in 1777, d'Éon lived as a woman and was officially recognised as a woman by King Louis XVI.
Intelligent designer
An intelligent designer, also referred to as an intelligent agent, is the pseudoscientific hypothetical willed and self-aware entity that the intelligent design movement argues had some role in the origin and/or development of life. The term "intelligent cause" is also used, implying their teleological supposition of direction and purpose in features of the universe and of living things.

Will (philosophy)
Will, within philosophy, is a faculty of the mind. Will is important as one of the parts of the mind, along with reason and understanding. It is considered central to the field of ethics because of its role in enabling deliberate action.

A recurring question in Western philosophical tradition is about free will—and the related, but more general notion of fate—which asks how the will can truly be free if a person's actions have either natural or divine causes determining them. In turn, this is directly connected to discussions on the nature of freedom and to the problem of evil.
Paula (surname)
Alejandro Felipe Paula (1937–2018), Curaçaoan academic, historian and politician

António Paula (born 1937), Portuguese footballer

Julia Cornelia Paula, Roman noblewoman and Empress of Rome

Romina Paula, Argentinian writer, playwright, stage and film actress, and film director

Alejandro Felipe Paula
Alejandro Felipe Paula also known as Jandi Paula (2 May 1937 – 13 August 2018) was a Curaçaoan academic, historian and politician. He served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles from 28 December 1993 to 31 March 1994. Paula was director of the National Archive of the Netherlands Antilles between 1969 and 1989. He also was a professor and rector at the University of the Netherlands Antilles in the 1990s.
Don't Forget To Validate Your Parking
Don't Forget To Validate Your Parking is a webcomic written and illustrated by American screenwriter, film producer, and comic book creator Mike Le. The webcomic was officially launched on December 11, 2007, during the 2007-2008 Writers Guild of America strike. Published roughly once a week, the webcomic is loosely based on the author's experiences working in Hollywood. Its readership grew significantly when blogger Cory Doctorow posted a link to the webcomic on Boing Boing.

The only visible character in Mike Le's webcomic is an illustrated version of Le himself, sitting behind his laptop and on the phone. All supporting characters are expressed through dialogue, usually as a voice on the phone.

Webcomic
Webcomics (also known as online comics or Internet comics) are comics published on the internet, such as on a website or a mobile app. While many webcomics are published exclusively online, others are also published in magazines, newspapers, or comic books.
Webcomics can be compared to self-published print comics in that anyone with an Internet connection can publish their own webcomic. Readership levels vary widely; many are read only by the creator's immediate friends and family, while some of the most widely read have audiences of well over one million readers. Webcomics range from traditional comic strips and graphic novels to avant garde comics, and cover many genres, styles, and subjects. They sometimes take on the role of a comic blog. The term web cartoonist is sometimes used to refer to someone who creates webcomics. Two examples of webcomic website builders are Comic Fury and Webtoon.
Convolvulus cneorum
Convolvulus cneorum, the silverbush or shrubby bindweed, is a species of flowering plant in the family Convolvulaceae, which contains many plants described as "bindweed". The Latin specific epithet cneorum is a word of Greek origin referring to a small olive-like plant, possibly a species of Daphne.

Daphne (plant)
Daphne /ˈdæfni/ (Ancient Greek: δάφνη, romanized: daphne, "laurel") is a genus of between 70 and 95 species of deciduous and evergreen shrubs in the family Thymelaeaceae, native to Asia, Europe and north Africa. They are noted for their scented flowers and often brightly coloured berries. Two species are used to make paper. Many species are grown in gardens as ornamental plants; the smaller species are often used in rock gardens. All parts of daphnes are poisonous for humans, especially the berries, though birds eat these freely to disperse the seeds.
Terpstra
Terpstra is a Dutch surname of Frisian origin, which is a topographic name for a person who lived on a terp, a prehistoric man-made mound built on low-lying land as a habitation site. Notable people with this surname include:

Anne Terpstra (born 1991), Dutch cross-country cyclist

Erica Terpstra (born 1943), Dutch politician

John Terpstra, Canadian poet

Julius Terpstra (born 1989), Dutch politician

Mike Terpstra (born 1963), American basketball coach

Mike Terpstra (cyclist) (born 1987), Dutch cyclist

Niki Terpstra (born 1984), Dutch cyclist

Sonja Terpstra, Australian politician

Vern Terpstra (1927–2013), American business theorist

John Terpstra
John Terpstra (born in Brockville, Ontario) is a Canadian poet and carpenter.

During much of his childhood, he lived in Edmonton, Alberta, but moved back to Ontario to attend high school in Hamilton, where he lives today.

Released a spoken-word recording of his poems in 2000, called "Nod Me In, Shake Me Out", with composer, arranger and producer Bart Nameth, violinist Hugh Marsh, and others.
Gowanbrae
Gowanbrae is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 13 km (8.1 mi) north-west of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Merri-bek local government area. Gowanbrae recorded a population of 2,971 at the 2021 census.

Gowanbrae is bounded by the Western Ring Road in the north and west, the Tullamarine Freeway in the west, the Albion-Jacana railway line in the south and Moonee Ponds Creek in the east. It is the City of Merri-bek's newest suburb, with residential development started in the 1990s and continuing.

City of Merri-bek
The City of Merri-bek (/ˈmɛriː bɛk/), formerly the City of Moreland, is a local government area in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. It comprises the inner northern suburbs between 4 and 11 kilometres from the Melbourne CBD. The Merri-bek local government area covers 51 km2 (20 sq mi), and in June 2018, it had a population of 181,725.
Steve Bieda
Steven Marion Bieda (born January 21, 1961) is an American politician and member of the Democratic Party who is the former Assistant Democratic Floor Leader of the Michigan State Senate.

Bieda has served in the Michigan Senate since 2011, representing the 9th district, which includes the communities of Center Line, Eastpointe, Fraser, Roseville, Warren, and portions of Clinton Township and Grosse Pointe Shores.

In December 2017, Bieda announced he would seek election to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2018, representing Michigan's 9th Congressional District. He ultimately lost the nomination to now incumbent representative Andy Levin. In February 2023 Bieda was appointed by Governor Gretchen Whitmer to the 37th District Court in Warren, Michigan.

Roseville, Michigan
Roseville is a city in Macomb County in the U.S. state of Michigan. A northern suburb of Detroit, Roseville is located roughly 13 miles (20.9 km) northeast of downtown Detroit. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 47,710.
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
The Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) is an astrophysical research institute located in the Canary Islands, Spain. It was founded in 1975 at the University of La Laguna. It operates two astronomical observatories in the Canary Islands: Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on La Palma, and Teide Observatory on Tenerife.

The current director of the IAC is Valentín Martínez Pillet, who succeeded Rafael Rebolo López on July 1, 2024. In 2016, English scientist Stephen Hawking was appointed Honorary Professor of the IAC, the first such appointment made by the institute.

Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geophysics, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed.

The term observatoire has been used in French since at least 1976 to denote any institution that compiles and presents data on a particular subject (such as public health observatory) or for a particular geographic area (European Audiovisual Observatory).