hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Design speed
The design speed is a tool used to determine geometric features of a new road or street during road design. Contrary to the word's implication, the design speed of the road or street is not necessarily its vehicle speed limit or maximum safe speed; that can be higher or lower.

Choosing a design speed means finding a balance between several interests which compete for priority, such as high vehicle speeds to allow drivers to travel to their destinations quickly versus low vehicle speeds for the safety of people outside the vehicle (such as pedestrians and cyclists), or quick movement of peak traffic (traffic engineering) versus maximising the economic development potential of the street (urban planning).

Highway engineering
Highway engineering is a professional engineering discipline branching from the civil engineering subdiscipline of transportation engineering that involves the planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of roads, highways, streets, bridges, and tunnels. Highway engineering became prominent towards the latter half of the 20th century after World War II. Standards of highway engineering are continuously being improved. Highway engineers must take into account future traffic flows, design of highway intersections/interchanges, geometric alignment and design, highway pavement materials and design, structural design of pavement thickness, and pavement maintenance.
Edward Muhima
Edward Muhima  (born 14 June 1946) is an Anglican bishop in Uganda: he was Bishop of North Kigezi from 2004 to 2011.

Muhima was born in Bunyaruguru, Rubirizi District. He was educated at Nyakinoni Primary School, Nyakasura Secondary School and Uganda Christian University. He was a teacher before his call to ministry.

Muhima retired in 2011 after serving the church for over 25 years.

Bunyaruguru
Bunyaruguru is a region in western Uganda that was an independent kingdom before becoming part of the British colonial administration and later modern Uganda. The area became part of the British Ankole protectorate in 1901, marking the end of its independence as a traditional kingdom.

Today, Bunyaruguru exists as one of two counties within Rubirizi District, alongside Katerera County. Rubirizi District was carved out of Bushenyi District in July 2010, with the district headquarters located in Rubirizi town. The district is composed of nine sub-counties and two town councils, with Bunyaruguru County encompassing several of these administrative units.
Zhao Shi (politician)
Zhao Shi (Chinese: 赵实; born August 1953) is a Chinese politician. She was a member of the 18th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. She was a representative of the 13th, 14th, 16th and 17th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.

14th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
The 14th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party was convened from 12 to 18 October, 1992.  It was preceded by the 13th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. 2,000 delegates represented the party's 51 million members.

The Congress elected the 14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. Building socialism with Chinese Characteristics was advanced. The congress outlined the major tasks in the reform, economic and social development in the 1990s. It declared that the target of China's economic restructuring was to establish a socialist market economic system. It was succeeded by the 15th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.
Canoeing at the 2019 Pan American Games – Women's extreme slalom K-1
The women's extreme canoe slalom K-1 competition at the 2019 Pan American Games in Lima took place between 2 and 4 August at the Cañete River in Lunahuaná.

The gold medal was won by Ana Sátila of the Brazil.

Lunahuaná
Lunahuaná is a small town in the Cañete Province in Peru. The town lies about 187 km south of Lima in the Lunahuaná valley at the bank of Cañete River. Due to the unique landscape, Lunahuaná is a very popular destination for both Peruvians and foreign tourists. According to the 2017 census, there were 4,393 inhabitants.
Mitsuhira
Mitsuhira (written: 三平) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Kazushi Mitsuhira (三平 和司, born 1988), Japanese footballer

Mitsuhira (written: 光平) is also a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:

Nijō Mitsuhira (二条 光平, 1624–1682), Japanese kugyō

Nijō Mitsuhira
Nijō Mitsuhira (二条 光平; 1624 – 1682), son of Nijō Yasumichi, was a Japanese kugyō (court noble) of the early Edo period. He held regent positions kampaku from 1653 to 1663 and sesshō from 1663 to 1664. Nijō Tsunahira was his adopted son. With Imperial Fifth Princess Yoshiko, Emperor Go-Mizunoo's sixth daughter, he had a daughter married to Tokugawa Tsunashige of Kofu Domain.
Kibosho Mashariki
Kibosho Mashariki is a town and ward in the Moshi Rural district of the Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 15,174 people in the ward, from 14,148 in 2012.

National Bureau of Statistics (Tanzania)
The National Bureau of Statistics is a branch of the Government of Tanzania which has the mandate to provide official statistics to the Government of Tanzania, business community and the public at large. It is based in Dodoma and obtains a wide range of economic, social and demographic statistics about the country. The bureau compiled data on every village in Tanzania for the censuses of 2002, 2012 and 2022, but also provides the results of the previous censuses of 1967, 1978 and 1988.
Richard Reynell (knight)
Sir Richard Reynell (died 1222) (alias Reinell, Reynolds, Revell, etc), of Pitney (anciently Pyttney, Peteneya, eyc) in the county of Somerset, Sheriff of Devon in 1191-4, was a knight who lived during the successive reigns of Kings Henry II (1154–1189), Richard I (1189–1199) and  John (1199–1216).

Pitney
Pitney is a village and parish in Somerset, England, located 2.5 miles (4.0 km) east of Langport and 3 miles (4.8 km) west of Somerton. In 2011, the village had a population of 374. Pitney is home to St John the Baptist Church.
Katherine Winder
Katherine Winder Cochella (born 23 April 1992) is a Peruvian badminton player. She educated at the Universidad del Pacífico Lima, and in 2015, Winder competed at the Pan Am Games in the women's and mixed doubles event. In the women's doubles she placed 7th, while in the mixed doubles she won the bronze medal partnered with Mario Cuba. In 2010, she won the gold medal at the South American Games in the women's doubles event teamed up with Claudia Zornoza.

Badminton at the 2010 South American Games
The badminton tournament at the South American Games (a.k.a. ODESUR Games; Spanish: Juegos Sudamericanos; Portuguese: Jogos Sul-Americanos), formerly the Southern Cross Games (Spanish: Juegos Cruz del Sur) are a part of regional multi-sport event held between nations from South America, organized by the South American Sports Organization (Organización Deportiva Sudamericana, ODESUR). There were six badminton events at the 2010 South American Games held over 19–24 March in Centro de Convenciones Plaza Mayor, Medellín, Colombia.
SembCorp Logistics
SembCorp Logistics Limited (also known as SembLog) was a logistics company previously linked to Sembcorp based in Singapore. It was acquired by Australian transport giant, Toll Holdings in May 2006.

Before being taken over by Toll, SembCorp Logistics was a component of the Straits Times Index of the Singapore Stock Exchange (SGX) having been incorporated on 22 February 1971 as Sembawang Towing Co Pte Ltd and listed on the SGX on 18 June 1987. Over time, the company's operations have changed from marine towing to supply chain management and offshore logistics.

Toll Group
Toll Group is an Australian freight company that operates a logistics and global freight forwarding network spanning 150 countries, with over 20,000 customers. Toll has more than 16,000 workers across 500 sites. It is a subsidiary of Japan Post Service.
House of Limburg
The House of Limburg (in German: Haus Limbourg) was a dynasty which can be traced back in the male line as far as Henry, count of Limburg, whose mother Jutta was heiress of Frederick, Duke of Lower Lorraine in the House of Ardenne–Luxembourg. Henry was also related to the counts of Arlon. Waleran I was probably his father-in-law rather than his father.

By marriage, the family acquired:

The county of Luxemburg in 1214, which then passed to a younger branch, the House of Luxemburg.

The county of Berg in 1218.

In 1288, the family lost the duchy of Limburg, which was conquered by John I, duke of Brabant. The elder branch, holding the county of Berg, died out in 1348. The younger branch of Luxembourg acceded to the Empire.

House of Ardenne–Luxembourg
The House of Luxembourg (or Luxembourg), also known as the House of Ardenne–Luxembourg in order to distinguish it from later families, were a Lotharingian noble family known from the tenth and eleventh centuries. They are one of the three main branches of the House of Ardenne, along with the House of Ardenne–Verdun, and the House of Ardenne–Bar.

All these Ardennes families descended from Cunigunda of France, a granddaughter of the West Frankish king Louis the Stammerer, and her husband Wigeric of Lotharingia. The Luxembourg branch descend from their son Sigfried, Count of the Ardennes.

One continuing male-line branches of the House of Luxembourg include the House of Salm. The later House of Limburg, Dukes of Limbourg, whose descendants became Dukes of Luxembourg and a royal dynasty in Germany, descend from the House of Ardennes-Luxembourg through the daughter of Frederick, Duke of Lower Lorraine.

Children of Count Sigfried:
Homoerotic poetry
Homoerotic poetry is a genre of poetry implicitly dealing with same-sex romantic or sexual interaction. The male-male erotic tradition encompasses poems by major poets such as Pindar, Theognis of Megara, Anacreon, Catullus, Virgil, Martial, Abu Nuwas, Michelangelo, Walt Whitman, Federico García Lorca, W. H. Auden, Fernando Pessoa and Allen Ginsberg. In the female-female tradition, authors may include those such as Sappho, "Michael Field", "Marie-Madeleine" and Maureen Duffy. Other poets wrote poems and letters with homoerotic overtones toward individuals, such as Emily Dickinson to her sister-in-law Susan Huntington Gilbert.

Fernando Pessoa
Fernando António Nogueira de Seabra Pessoa (/pɛˈsoʊə/; Portuguese: [fɨɾˈnɐ̃du pɨˈsoɐ]; 13 June 1888 – 30 November 1935) was a Portuguese poet, writer, literary critic, translator, and publisher. He has been described as one of the most significant literary figures of the 20th century and one of the greatest poets in the Portuguese language. He also wrote in and translated from English and French.

Pessoa was a prolific writer both in his own name and approximately seventy-five other names, of which three stand out: Alberto Caeiro, Álvaro de Campos, and Ricardo Reis. He did not define these as pseudonyms because he felt that this did not capture their true independent intellectual life and instead called them heteronyms, a term he invented. These imaginary figures sometimes held unpopular or extreme views.
Take Your Pick of Disgusting Foods
Take Your Pick of Disgusting Foods is a 2017 children's non-fiction book by G.G. Lake. The book discusses a variety of food and drink from around the world that it describes as "disgusting", asking readers which of two choices they would prefer to consume.

In February 2020, Take Your Pick of Disgusting Foods was criticized on Twitter, where users said that its contents were racist and culturally insensitive. Publisher Capstone Press announced in response that it would withdraw the book from sale.

Capstone Publishers
Capstone is a publisher of children's books and digital products. Capstone focuses on the educational market. They also sell to the trade market and internationally. Capstone publishes nonfiction, fiction, picture books, interactive books, audio books, literacy programs, and digital media. Imprints and divisions include Capstone Press, Compass Point Books, Picture Window Books, Stone Arch Books, Red Brick Learning, Capstone Digital, Heinemann-Raintree and Switch Press. Capstone acquired the assets of Heinemann-Raintree library reference from Pearson Education in 2008. Heinemann-Raintree has offices in Chicago and Oxford, England. Capstone is based in Mankato, Minnesota, with additional offices in Minneapolis, Chicago, and Oxford. Capstone is part of Coughlan Companies, Inc.
John Sparrow (MP)
John Sparrow (by 1509 – 1558), of Ipswich, Suffolk, was an English politician.

John was the eldest son of Thomas Sparrow of Somersham, Suffolk. His mother was Elizabeth daughter of William Snelling of Elmsett.

John was active in civic life in Ipswich taking on several roles in Ipswich Corporation from 1537, when he became a portman as well as being elected treasurer. In 1541 he was elected a bailiff of Ipswich Corporation and in December of that year he was appointed Member of Parliament (MP) for Ipswich, a position which was a corporation role. The parliament sat in January 1542.

Somersham, Suffolk
Somersham (also known as Lower Somersham) is a village and civil parish in the Mid Suffolk district of Suffolk in eastern England, approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) northwest of Ipswich, with a population of 710 (2005).
T. Swamikannu
T. Swamikannu was an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly from Chengam constituency as an Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate in 1977, 1980, and 1984 elections.

1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election
The eighth legislative assembly election for Tamil Nadu was held on 24 December 1984. All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) won the election and its general secretary, incumbent M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R) was sworn in as Chief Minister, for the third time. The election victory was mainly attributed to the sympathy wave created by Indira Gandhi's assassination and M.G.R's illness coupled with Rajiv Gandhi's popularity. This is the last election M.G.R contested as he died in office in 1987. This is also the only general election which M. Karunanidhi did not contest since 1957 until his death, as he sought to avoid a direct, disadvantageous contest due to a volatile political climate. As now, this is the last election where the ruling party gained seats.
Polar Bears (band)
Polar Bears are an indie rock band from Santa Rosa, California, USA, who currently play in and around the North Bay music scene. They have toured nationally with longtime friends The Velvet Teen and have done numerous West Coast tours since their inception in 2001. In March 2004, they released an EP, Shorts Are for Warm, on the Petaluma-based record label, Pandacide. In early 2007, Polar Bears self-released a full-length album, The Future King. Currently, this album is only available directly from the band at their live shows and from The Last Record Store in Santa Rosa. Polar Bears are notable in the Sonoma County music scene for being one of the biggest drawing and intensely furious live bands in the area. Their following has steadily grown, being featured in publications such as the North Bay Bohemian and Metroactive.com. Bands that Polar Bears have shared the stage with include Victims Family, Cursive, Nomeansno, The Casket Lottery and Aloha (band).

Petaluma, California
Petaluma is a city in Sonoma County, California, United States, located in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. Its population was 59,776 according to the 2020 census.

Petaluma's name comes from the Miwok village named Péta Lúuma that was located on the banks of the Petaluma River.  The modern city originates in Rancho Petaluma, granted in 1834 to famed Californio statesman Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, considered to be the founder of Petaluma. Today, Petaluma is known for its well-preserved historic center and as a local hub for the Petaluma Valley region of Sonoma County.
All Hands Ecology
All Hands Ecology (formerly Audubon Canyon Ranch) is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit environmental conservation and education organization headquartered in Stinson Beach, Marin County, California, on the eastern shore of Bolinas Lagoon. The lands upon which ACR operates are within the ancestral territories of the Coast Miwok, Southern Pomo and Wappo peoples.

Wappo
The Wappo (endonym: Micewal) are an Indigenous people of northern California. Their traditional homelands are in Napa Valley, the south shore of Clear Lake, Alexander Valley, and Russian River valley. They are distantly related to the Yuki people, from which they seem to have diverged at least 500 years ago. Their language, Wappo, has been influenced by the neighboring Pomo, who use the term A'shochamai or A'shotenchawi (transcribed as Ashochimi by some authors), meaning "northerners", to refer to the Wappo.
DesiHits
DesiHits is a multi-platform media company that produces and distributes fusion entertainment content aimed at the South Asian diaspora. The Company was founded in 2006 by Anjula Acharia-Bath, Ranj Bath and Arun Sandhu, and is headquartered in New York. Jimmy Iovine of Interscope Records and Israeli venture capitalist Aviv Nevo are strategic investors in the Company, and the Advisory Board includes former President of Epic Records Charlie Walk, Warner Music's Roger Gold, Tony Kanal of No Doubt, Ogilvy & Mather executive Doug Scott, record producer Steve Stoute, and Drew Lipscher, partner at Greycroft Partners. Anita Chatterjee is the Company's Editor-in-Chief. In January 2008, DesiHits raised a $5 million round of venture capital financing from Draper Fisher Jurvetson, DE Shaw and Trident Capital.

Greycroft
Greycroft LP is an American venture capital firm with over $3 billion in assets under management.

Notable investments by the firm have included Bird Global, Bumble, HuffPost, Goop, Scopely, The RealReal, and Venmo. Greycroft was founded in 2006 by Alan Patricof, Dana Settle, and Ian Sigalow. The firm is headquartered in New York City,  Los Angeles, and the San Francisco Bay Area.
Ryuzo Yanagimachi
Ryuzo Yanagimachi (柳町 隆造, Yanagimachi Ryūzō; August 27, 1928 – September 27, 2023) was a Japanese-born, American-based scientist. He made numerous key contributions to the study of mammalian fertilization, and he was also a pioneer in the cloning field. Accordingly, he assisted in fertilization technologies such as in vitro fertilization and direct sperm injection into the egg (commonly called intracytoplasmic sperm injection or ICSI), which are widely used today in human infertility clinics throughout the world.  In 1997, his laboratory at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa successfully cloned mice using the Honolulu technique.

Commercial animal cloning
Commercial animal cloning is the cloning of animals for commercial purposes, including animal husbandry, medical research, competition camels and horses, detection dog cloning, and restoring populations of endangered and extinct animals. The practice was first demonstrated in 1996 with Dolly the sheep.
Radiophonie Vol. 12
Radiophonie Vol. 12 is a soundtrack album by the French electronic musician and composer Jean-Michel Jarre for the French news network France Info released on 11 February 2022. The soundtrack is titled Polygone. The album also contains some Hexagone tracks, which are part of the Hexagone series also found on Radiophonie Vol. 9 and  Radiophonie Vol. 10. The album was sold exclusively at the French retail chain Fnac.

Fnac
Fnac (French pronunciation: [fnak]) is a French multinational retail chain specializing in the sale of entertainment media and consumer electronics.

Fnac was founded by André Essel and Max Théret in 1954. Its headquarters is located in Le Flavia in Ivry-sur-Seine near Paris. Its name is an abbreviation of Fédération Nationale d'Achats des Cadres ("National Purchasing Federation for Executives"). It merged with Darty in 2016 to become Groupe Fnac Darty.
William Robert Chaplin
William Robert Chaplin, CBE, was a former Warden of Trinity House, a non-departmental public body of the United Kingdom responsible for maritime safety.

He was the first member of the Australian Merchant Service to be elected to the Corporation of Trinity House, in 1928.  He was an active member of the Board of Trinity House until his retirement in 1958.  As part of his functions, he often served as a nautical assessor in the British courts, including in the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.

Non-departmental public body
In the United Kingdom, non-departmental public body (NDPB) is a classification applied by the Cabinet Office, Treasury, the Scottish Government, and the Northern Ireland Executive to public sector organisations that have a role in the process of national government but are not part of a government department. NDPBs carry out their work largely independently from ministers and are accountable to the public through Parliament; however, ministers are responsible for the independence, effectiveness, and efficiency of non-departmental public bodies in their portfolio.

The term includes the four types of NDPB (executive, advisory, tribunal, and independent monitoring boards) but excludes public corporations and public broadcasters (BBC, Channel 4, and S4C).
Homoclinic orbit
In the study of dynamical systems, a homoclinic orbit is a path through phase space which joins a saddle equilibrium point to itself. More precisely, a homoclinic orbit lies in the intersection of the stable manifold and the unstable manifold of an equilibrium. It is a heteroclinic orbit–a path between any two equilibrium points–in which the endpoints are one and the same.

Consider the continuous dynamical system described by the ordinary differential equation

Suppose there is an equilibrium at , then a solution  is a homoclinic orbit if

If the phase space has three or more dimensions, then it is important to consider the topology of the unstable manifold of the saddle point. The figures show two cases. First, when the stable manifold is topologically a cylinder, and secondly, when the unstable manifold is topologically a Möbius strip; in this case the homoclinic orbit is called twisted.

Periodic point
In mathematics, in the study of iterated functions and dynamical systems, a periodic point of a function is a point which the system returns to after a certain number of function iterations or a certain amount of time.
Maricar de Mesa
Maricar de Mesa (born November 1979) is a Filipino actress known for her antagonistic roles in many TV series like Magkaibang Mundo, Villa Quintana, Once Upon a Kiss, Dragon Lady, Unica Hija and others. She started her career in Bubble Gang, as well as the first GobiGirl of Arnell Ignacio in GoBingo from 1996 to 1999.

GoBingo
GoBingo is a Philippine television game show broadcast by GMA Network. Hosted by Arnell Ignacio, it premiered on December 9, 1996 and concluded on January 1, 1999. The show returned on April 14, 2008, and concluded on October 10, 2008 with a total of 130 episodes.