hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
CDE & FGH v Mirror Group Newspapers and LMN
CDE & FGH v Mirror Group Newspapers and LMN  [2010] EWHC 3308  is an English privacy law case. The case was a misuse of private information claim in which two claimants sought an interim injunction preventing the two defendants from publishing private information about them.

The case is unusual in that not only are the claimants granted anonymity but also defendants and non-parties. The first claimant "CDE" is described as someone who often appears on television. The second claimant "FGH" is the wife of the first claimant. The second defendant "LMN" is described as a single mother on disability benefits who wished to sell a story relating to the claimants to The Sunday Mirror newspaper.

Misuse of private information
Misuse of private information is a new common law tort that English courts recognised in Campbell v MGN Ltd. Arising as a branch of the law relating to breach of confidence, it has been reinforced by Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights, supplemented by s. 6 of the Human Rights Act 1998, which obliges public institutions (including the courts) not to act inconsistently with Convention rights.
Mount Nabi Yunis, Palestine
Nabi Yunis (Arabic: جبل النبي يونس) is the highest point of the Judean Mountains and the southern portion of the West Bank, with an altitude of 1,030 metres (3,380 ft). It is located in the town of Halhul, Hebron Governorate.

Hebron Governorate
The Hebron Governorate (Arabic: محافظة الخليل, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat al-Khalīl) is an administrative district of Palestine in the southern West Bank.

The governorate's land area is 1,060 square kilometres (410 sq mi) and its population according to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics in mid-year 2019 was 1,004,510. This makes the Hebron Governorate the largest of 16 governorates in both population and land area in the Palestinian territories. The city of Hebron is the district capital or muhfaza (seat) of the governorate. The current Governor of Hebron is Khaled Dudin.

During the first six months of the First Intifada 42 people in Hebron Governorate were killed by the Israeli army.
Sexism in Bollywood
Sexism in Hindi cinema refers to gender discrimination and stereotyping prevalent in the Hindi film industry of India, popularly known as Bollywood. This includes the portrayal of women in films, gender disparities behind the camera, and broader issues of representation and bias.

Chhapaak
Chhapaak (transl. Splash) is a 2020 Indian Hindi-language biographical drama film based on the life of acid attack survivor Laxmi Agarwal. Directed by Meghna Gulzar, the film stars Deepika Padukone in leading role of a character inspired by Agarwal alongside Vikrant Massey and Madhurjeet Sarghi. It marked Padukone's production debut, and acting comeback after two years since Padmaavat (2018). The film was jointly backed by Fox Star Studios, Ka Productions, Avernus Productions and Mriga Films.

Shooting took place from March to June 2019 in locations near New Delhi and Mumbai. Released worldwide on 10 January 2020 in cinemas, the film was declared tax-free in Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. In its theatrical run, the film grossed over ₹55 crore (US$6.5 million) globally and emerged as a commercial failure.
Battle of the Somme order of battle
This is the order of battle for the Battle of the Somme. The Battle of the Somme was an offensive fought on the Western Front during World War I from 1 July to 18 November 1916 as one of the greatest engagements of the war. It was fought between French, British and Dominion forces and the German Empire in the Somme River valley and vicinity in northern France.

Somme (river)
The Somme (UK: /sɒm/ SOM, US: /sʌm/ SUM; French: [sɔm] ⓘ) is a river in Picardy, northern France.

The river is 245 km (152 mi) in length, from its source in the high ground of the former Arrouaise Forest at Fonsomme near Saint-Quentin, to the Bay of the Somme, in the English Channel. It lies in the geological syncline which also forms the Solent. This gives it a fairly constant and gentle gradient where several fluvial terraces have been identified.
Love Is the Devil: Study for a Portrait of Francis Bacon
Love Is the Devil: Study for a Portrait of Francis Bacon is a 1998 film produced by The British Film Institute and BBC Film. It was written and directed by John Maybury and stars Derek Jacobi, Daniel Craig and Tilda Swinton. A fictional biography of painter Francis Bacon (Jacobi), it concentrates on his strained relationship with George Dyer (Craig), a small-time thief. The film draws heavily on the authorised biography of Bacon, The Gilded Gutter Life of Francis Bacon by Daniel Farson, and is dedicated to him.

It won three awards at the Edinburgh International Film Festival: Best New British Feature (director John Maybury) and two Best British Performance awards, for Jacobi and Craig. The film was also screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival. Craig's performance was well received by critics, acknowledging it as his breakthrough role.

Un Certain Regard
Un Certain Regard (French: [œ̃ sɛʁtɛ̃ ʁəɡaʁ]; 'A Certain Glance') is a section of the Cannes Film Festival's official selection. It is run at the salle Debussy, parallel to the competition for the Palme d'Or. This section was introduced in 1978 by Gilles Jacob.

The section presents 20 films with unusual styles and non-traditional stories seeking international recognition.

Since 1998, the section has awarded the Un Certain Regard Prize to one film in the lineup, recognising emerging talent and innovative work. At the 1998 Cannes Film Festival, Killer by Darezhan Omirbaev was named the inaugural winner, while The Mysterious Gaze of the Flamingo by Diego Céspedes is the most recent winner (2025).
Robert Duchniewicz
Robert Duchniewicz (Lithuanian: Robert Duchnevič or Robertas Duchnevičius, born 15 August 1991) is a Lithuanian Polish politician. As of 2023, he is the vice-chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania and mayor of Vilnius District Municipality, which includes the rural districts around Vilnius and the Vilnius urban area's outskirts.

Vilnius urban area
The Vilnius urban area (known in Lithuanian as: Vilniaus aglomeracija and legally as the Vilniaus miesto tvarios plėtros strategijos įgyvendinimo teritorija) is the functional urban area of Vilnius. The continuous built-up area is spread across three municipalities in Vilnius County, spanning for 538 km2.
Borisovo, Chagodoshchensky District, Vologda Oblast
Borisovo (Russian: Борисово) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Borisovskoye Rural Settlement, Chagodoshchensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 515 as of 2002. There are 6 streets.

Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast (Russian: Вологодская область, romanized: Vologodskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [vəlɐˈɡotskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]; Veps: Vologdan agj) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is Vologda. The oblast has a population of 1,202,444 (2010 Census). The largest city is Cherepovets, the home of the Severstal metallurgical plant, the largest industrial enterprise in the oblast.

Vologda Oblast is home to many historic monuments, such as the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, Ferapontov Monastery (a World Heritage Site) with the frescoes of Dionisius, the two medieval towns of Velikiy Ustyug and Belozersk, and the baroque churches of Totma and Ustyuzhna.

Large reserves of wood and fresh water are the main natural resources.
Bandwidth smearing
Bandwidth smearing is a type of chromatic aberration (color-related distortion) in the image of a celestial body (like a star or galaxy) observed using an astronomical interferometer (a system combining multiple telescopes to act as one). It is caused by the range of radio frequencies (or bandwidth) used in the observation, where, in Fourier terms, different frequencies capture slightly different spatial details of the object’s shape. This leads to a blurred or stretched appearance in the final image, often with elongated features pointing outward. In radio astronomy, this effect can be reduced by using higher spectral resolution (narrower frequency ranges) or adjusting the image reconstruction process to account for these differences.

Spectral resolution
The spectral resolution  of a spectrograph, or, more generally, of a frequency spectrum, is a measure of its ability to resolve features in the electromagnetic spectrum.  It is usually denoted by , and is closely related to the resolving power of the spectrograph, defined as

where  is the smallest difference in wavelengths that can be distinguished at a wavelength of . For example, the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) can distinguish features 0.17 nm apart at a wavelength of 1000 nm, giving it a resolution of 0.17 nm and a resolving power of about 5,900. An example of a high resolution spectrograph is the Cryogenic High-Resolution IR Echelle Spectrograph (CRIRES+) installed at ESO's Very Large Telescope, which has a spectral resolving power of up to 100,000.
Built from Scratch
Built from Scratch is the second studio album by New York City DJ group the X-Ecutioners. It was released on February 26, 2002, through Loud Records and Columbia Records. The album was produced by Beat Junkies, Chris Frantz, CJ Moore, Dan the Automator, DJ Apollo, DJ Premier, Kenny Muhammad the Human Orchestra, Knobody, Large Professor, Lo-Fidelity Allstars, Mike Shinoda of American rock band Linkin Park, Sean Cane, the X-Ecutioners, and Tina Weymouth, and was executive produced by Peter Kang.

Chris Frantz
Charton Christopher Frantz (born May 8, 1951) is an American musician and record producer. He is the drummer for both Talking Heads and Tom Tom Club, both of which he co-founded with wife and Talking Heads bassist, Tina Weymouth. In 2002, Frantz was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Talking Heads.
Douglas C. Bennett
Douglas C. Bennett (born 1946) is a former president of Earlham College, located in Richmond, Indiana. He was installed as president in 1996. Beginning in 1997, Bennett was also a member of the politics department at Earlham.

Richmond, Indiana
Richmond (/ˈrɪtʃmənd/) is a city in eastern Wayne County, Indiana, United States. Bordering the state of Ohio, it is the county seat of Wayne County. In the 2020 census, the city had a population of 35,720. It is the principal city of the Richmond micropolitan area. Situated largely within Wayne Township, its area includes a non-contiguous portion in nearby Boston Township, where Richmond Municipal Airport is located.

Richmond is sometimes called the "cradle of recorded jazz" because the earliest jazz recordings and records were made at the studio of Gennett Records, a division of the Starr Piano Company. Gennett Records was the first to record such artists as Louis Armstrong, Bix Beiderbecke, Jelly Roll Morton, Hoagy Carmichael, Lawrence Welk, and Gene Autry. The city has twice received the All-America City Award, most recently in 2009.
Tucson Origins Heritage Park
Tucson Origins Heritage Park is an under construction historic park located in Tucson, Arizona, United States. The park is located between Sentinel Peak and the Santa Cruz River. The park is directly accessible from the Cushing & Convento Sun Link station.

Sentinel Peak (Arizona)
Sentinel Peak is a 2,897 ft (900 m) peak in the Tucson Mountains southwest of downtown Tucson, Arizona, United States.  The valley's first inhabitants grew crops at the mountain's base, along the Santa Cruz River.  The name "Tucson" is derived from the O'odham Cuk Ṣon ([tʃʊk ʂɔːn]), meaning "the base [of the mountain] is black".  In the 1910s, University of Arizona students used local basalt rock to construct a 160 ft (50 m) tall block "A" on the mountain's east face, near its summit, giving the peak its other name, "A" Mountain.  The peak is part of a 272-acre (110 hectares) park, the largest natural resource park in the City of Tucson.
UTP Schweissmaterial
UTP Schweissmaterial GmbH is a traditional German company manufacturing welding consumables and based in Bad Krozingen. The enterprise was established in 1953 at Freiburg im Breisgau.

The company supplies consumables both directly and via a sales network of 70 of its own and alliance partners in several countries. Production facilities were built between 1956 and 1969 in Switzerland, France, Mexico and Brazil.

Bad Krozingen
Bad Krozingen (German: [baːt ˈkʁɔtsɪŋən] ⓘ; Alemannic: Bad Chrotzige) is a spa town in the district Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated 15 km southwest of Freiburg. In the 1970s, the previously independent villages Biengen, Hausen an der Möhlin, Schlatt and Tunsel, including Schmidhofen, became part of Bad Krozingen.
Just Dance 4
Just Dance 4 is a 2012 music rhythm game developed and published by Ubisoft as the fourth main installment of the Just Dance series. Announced at E3 2012 by Flo Rida and Aisha Tyler, it was released on the Wii, the Wii U, the PlayStation 3 (with PlayStation Move), and the Xbox 360 (with Kinect). The Wii, PlayStation Move and Kinect versions were released on October 2, 2012, in Europe and Australia and on October 9, 2012, in North America, The Wii U version was released on November 18, 2012, in North America and on November 30, 2012, in Europe and Australia, as a launch title for the console.

Ubisoft
Ubisoft Entertainment SA (/ˈjuːbisɒft/; French: [ybisɔft]; formerly Ubi Soft Entertainment SA) is a French video game publisher headquartered in Saint-Mandé with development studios across the world. Its video game franchises include Anno, Assassin's Creed, Driver, Far Cry, Just Dance, Prince of Persia, Rabbids, Rayman, Tom Clancy's, and Watch Dogs.

Ubisoft is led by chairman and CEO Yves Guillemot. The company first achieved commercial and critical success with their 1995 platform game Rayman. In 1996, the company began to expand to other parts of the world, opening studios in Shanghai, Montreal and Milan. In recent years, Ubisoft has struggled financially, reporting a strong decline in revenue in 2024 and laying off 700 employees in 2025.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 655
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 655 (P. Oxy. 655) is a papyrus fragment of the logia of Jesus written in Greek. It is one of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri discovered by Grenfell and Hunt between 1897 and 1904 in the Egyptian town of Oxyrhynchus. The fragment is dated to the early 3rd century. It is one of only three Greek manuscripts of the Gospel of Thomas.

Papyrus
Papyrus (/pəˈpaɪrəs/ pə-PY-rəs) is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing material. It was made from the pith of the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus, a wetland sedge. Papyrus (plural: papyri or papyruses) can also refer to a document written on sheets of such material, joined side by side and rolled up into a scroll, an early form of a book.

Papyrus was first known to have been used in Egypt (at least as far back as the First Dynasty), as the papyrus plant was once abundant across the Nile Delta. It was also used throughout the Mediterranean region. Apart from writing material, ancient Egyptians employed papyrus in the construction of other artifacts, such as reed boats, mats, rope, sandals, and baskets.
Records of Irish heads of government since 1922
The Taoiseach (plural: Taoisigh) is the head of government of Ireland. Prior to the enactment of the Constitution of Ireland in 1937, the head of government was referred to as the President of the Executive Council. This office was first held by W. T. Cosgrave from 1922 to 1932, and then by Éamon de Valera from 1932 to 1937. By convention Taoisigh are numbered to include Cosgrave, for example Micheál Martin is considered the 15th Taoiseach.

W. T. Cosgrave
William Thomas Cosgrave (5 June 1880 – 16 November 1965) was an Irish politician who served as the President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State from 1922 to 1932, Leader of the Opposition from 1932 to 1944, Leader of Fine Gael from 1934 to 1944, founder and leader of Cumann na nGaedheal, from 1923 to 1933, Chairman of the Provisional Government from August 1922 to December 1922, the President of Dáil Éireann from September 1922 to December 1922, the Minister for Finance from 1922 to 1923 and Minister for Local Government from 1919 to 1922. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1921 to 1944. He was also a Member of parliament (MP) for North Kilkenny from 1918 to 1922.

His son, Liam, served as Taoiseach from 1973 to 1977.
Eremophila flaccida
Eremophila flaccida is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is a low, spreading shrub with sticky, shiny foliage and large, attractive flowers. There are two subspecies, one common and relatively widespread, the other known from only a few locations.

Scrophulariaceae
The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family.  The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as shrubs.  Flowers have bilateral (zygomorphic) or rarely radial  (actinomorphic) symmetry.  The Scrophulariaceae have a cosmopolitan distribution, with the majority found in temperate areas, including tropical mountains.  The family name is based on the name of the included genus Scrophularia L.
1997 UEFA Super Cup
The 1997 UEFA Super Cup was a two-legged football match played on 8 January 1998 and 11 March 1998 between Borussia Dortmund of Germany, winner of the 1996–97 UEFA Champions League, and Barcelona of Spain, winner of the 1996–97 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup. Barcelona won the match 3–1 on aggregate, beating Borussia Dortmund 2–0 at Camp Nou in the first leg and drawing the second leg 1–1 in Westfalenstadion, Dortmund.

This was the last Super Cup played over two legs. Since 1998, it has been played as a single match at a neutral venue.

1996–97 UEFA Champions League
The 1996–97 UEFA Champions League was the 42nd season of UEFA's premier European club football tournament, the fifth since its rebranding as the UEFA Champions League, and the last that involved only clubs that were champions of their domestic leagues. Due to the Bosman ruling, restrictions on foreign players in matchday squads were lifted from this season.

The tournament was won by Borussia Dortmund in a 3–1 final victory against defending champions Juventus. It was their only title in the tournament to date, and the first title for Germany since its reunification in 1990.
Ave Maria (Biebl)
Ave Maria is a 1964 motet by Franz Biebl, composed for double choir, a large four-part choir and a three-part choir which can be performed by soloists. It is a setting of part of the Latin liturgical Angelus prayer, which contains the Ave Maria (Hail Mary) as a refrain. The composition was originally written for men's chorus, but the composer wrote arrangements for mixed choir and women's choir. The work and arrangements were published by Wildt's Musikverlag, first in 1964. The piece first became famous when a U.S. group, the Cornell University Glee Club, included it in their Christmas programs, and more famous when the Chanticleer ensemble made it part of their regular repertoire. It was published in the U.S. by Hinshaw and became one of the publisher's best-selling items.

Motet
In Western classical music, a motet is mainly a vocal musical composition, of highly diverse form and style, from high medieval music to the present. The motet was one of the preeminent polyphonic forms of Renaissance music. According to the English musicologist Margaret Bent, "a piece of music in several parts with words" is as precise a definition of the motet as will serve from the 13th to the late 16th century and beyond. The late 13th-century theorist Johannes de Grocheo believed that the motet was "not to be celebrated in the presence of common people, because they do not notice its subtlety, nor are they delighted in hearing it, but in the presence of the educated and of those who are seeking out subtleties in the arts".
Catch-my-Pal
Catch-my-Pal, alternatively known as the 'Protestant Total-Abstinence Union', was an anti-alcohol organisation founded on 13 July 1909 in Armagh, Ireland. The organisation closed down in January 1970, when its last club stopped operations.

Its distinctive feature was that members would competitively persuade one of their friends to come with them and take 'the pledge' at each meeting. This 'Catch-my-Pal' method—a phrase coined by its founder, Rev. Robert Patterson—was later used to recruit the 'Pals' Battalions to the British Army in World War I.

Pals battalion
The pals battalions of World War I were specially constituted battalions of the British Army comprising men who enlisted together in local recruiting drives, with the promise that they would be able to serve alongside their friends, neighbours and colleagues, rather than being arbitrarily allocated to battalions.

While initially popular as a means to appeal to volunteers, heavy casualties to several pals battalions would devastate local communities throughout Britain; this became particularly apparent during the Battle of the Somme. With the introduction of conscription in 1916, the remaining pals battalions were either dissolved, reorganized with other forces, or reinforced by a regionally diverse group of conscripts, ending their local character.
Haas Schoeman
Johan "Haas" Schoeman (15 March 1940 – 1 January 2006) was a South African international rugby union player.

Schoeman was born in Prince Albert and attended Paarl Boys' High School.

A flanker, Schoeman started out in the under 19s at Stellenbosch University in 1959 and made his representative debut for Western Province three years later. He was capped seven times for the Springboks, debuting in a home series against the touring 1963 Wallabies. In 1965, Schoeman undertook two tours with the Springboks, to Europe and Oceania.

Schoeman was employed by an accountancy firm in Cape Town.

Paarl Boys' High School
Paarl Boys' High School, known in Afrikaans as Hoër Jongenskool Paarl (or Boishaai), is a public dual-medium high school for boys and is one of the oldest schools in South Africa, built in 1868. The school is situated in Paarl, a town in the Western Cape province of South Africa. The first headmaster of the school was George Jeffreys. Effective as of 2007, the headmaster of the school is Derek Swart.
Mae Wang district
Mae Wang (Thai: แม่วาง, pronounced [mɛ̂ː wāːŋ]) is a district (amphoe) in the central part of Chiang Mai province in northern Thailand. The largest settlement and administrative seat of Mae Wang is Ban Kad, a satellite town of Chiang Mai. Across Mae Wang district, the ethnic Hill Tribe people are more present than in other parts of Thailand. Groups with large populations in the district include the Karen people, Hmong and Akha peoples. In the lowlands near Ban Kad Thai people are more common, and as elevations increase on the Western slopes of Doi Inthanon, ethnic minorities become more common. Past Mae Sa Pok, on Rural Road 1013, The villages are almost exclusively Karen, with Hmong people living in higher elevations.

Hmong people
The Hmong people (RPA: Hmoob, CHV: Hmôngz, Nyiakeng Puachue: 𞄀𞄩𞄰, Pahawh Hmong: 𖬌𖬣𖬵, IPA: [m̥ɔ̃́], Chinese: 苗族蒙人) are an ethnic group from East and Southeast Asia. In China, the Hmong people are classified as a sub-group of the Miao people. The modern Hmong reside mainly in Southwestern China and Mainland Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, and Myanmar. There are also diaspora communities in the United States, Australia, France, and South America.