hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ergosophy
Ergosophy is a term coined by the scientist Frederick Soddy, in the early 1920s, and refers to aspects of energy in relation to human existence and energy measurement as in (Ergs). Soddy's aim was to apply science theories and ideas and move the human understanding of work beyond the restrictions of management theory into a new theory of energy economics.

Frederick Soddy first used the term in his book on work and economics: The Role of Money.

Erg
The erg is a unit of energy equal to 10−7 joules (100 nJ). It is not an SI unit, instead originating from the centimetre–gram–second system of units (CGS). Its name is derived from ergon (ἔργον), a Greek word meaning 'work' or 'task'.

An erg is the amount of work done by a force of one dyne exerted for a distance of one centimetre. In the CGS base units, it is equal to one gram centimetre-squared per second-squared (g⋅cm2/s2). It is thus equal to 10−7 joules or 100 nanojoules (nJ) in SI units.

1 erg = 10−7 J = 100 nJ

1 erg = 10−10 sn⋅m = 100 psn⋅m = 100 picosthène-metres

1 erg = 624.15 GeV = 6.2415×1011 eV

1 erg = 1 dyn⋅cm = 1 g⋅cm2/s2

1 erg = 2.77778×10−11 W⋅h
Miss International 2009
Miss International 2009 was the 49th Miss International pageant, held at the Sichuan International Tennis Center in Chengdu, Sichuan, China, on November 28, 2009. The pageant was originally scheduled to be held on November 7, 2009 at The Venetian Macao in Macau, but the host committee backed out.

Alejandra Andreu of Spain crowned Anagabriela Espinoza of Mexico as her successor at the end of the event.

The Venetian Macao
The Venetian Macao (Chinese: 澳門威尼斯人) is a hotel and casino resort in Macau, China owned by the American Las Vegas Sands company. The 39-story structure on Macau's Cotai Strip has 10,500,000-square-foot (980,000 m2) of floor space, and is modeled on its sister casino resort The Venetian Las Vegas. It is the largest casino in the world, the largest single structure hotel in Asia, and the tenth-largest building in the world by floor area.

The main hotel tower was finished in July 2007, and the resort officially opened on 28 August 2007. It has 3,000 suites, 1,200,000 sq ft (110,000 m2) of convention space, 1,600,000 sq ft (150,000 m2) of retail space, and 550,000 square feet (51,000 m2) of casino space (with 3,400 slot machines, 800 gambling tables), and the 15,000-seat Cotai Arena for entertainment and sports events.

Its lead architects were Aedas and HKS, Inc., who were responsible for its design, coordination and implementation.
Lactarius fuliginosus
Lactarius fuliginosus, commonly known as the sooty milkcap, is a species of fungus in the family Russulaceae. The medium-sized fruit bodies have velvety, grayish-brown caps and crowded gills. It is found in deciduous forests of Asia, Europe, and North America.

Russulaceae
The Russulaceae are a diverse family of fungi in the order Russulales, with roughly 1,900 known species and a worldwide distribution. They comprise the brittlegills and the milk-caps, well-known mushroom-forming fungi that include some edible species. These gilled mushrooms are characterised by the brittle flesh of their fruitbodies.

In addition to these typical agaricoid forms, the family contains species with fruitbodies that are laterally striped (pleurotoid), closed (secotioid or gasteroid), or crust-like (corticioid). Molecular phylogenetics has demonstrated close affinities between species with very different fruitbody types and has discovered new, distinct lineages.

An important group of root-symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi in forests and shrublands around the world includes Lactifluus, Multifurca, Russula, and Lactarius. The crust-forming genera Boidinia, Gloeopeniophorella, and Pseudoxenasma, all wood-decay fungi, have basal positions in the family.
Versailles Château Rive Gauche station
Versailles Château Rive Gauche station (French pronunciation: [vɛʁsɑj ʃɑto ʁiv ɡoʃ]) is a terminal railway station serving the city of Versailles, a wealthy suburb located west of Paris, France. The station is the closest to the Palace of Versailles (French: Château de Versailles). The station is located at the western end of the Rive Gauche (lit. 'Left Bank') railway, named because it operates on the left bank of the Seine.

The station is operated by SNCF, the French national railway. It is served by RER C line of the Paris Region's express suburban rail system, the Réseau Express Régional.

In February 2012, "Château" was added to the station name to help navigate tourists to the station closest to the Palace of Versailles.

The station is one of several in Versailles, but sees fewer trains than Versailles Chantiers station.

Terminal railway station
Terminal station is a station in Arifiye, Turkey. It is serviced by Adaray commuter trains operating between Arifiye and Adapazarı. Terminal station was opened on 28 May 2013 along with the opening of the Adaray line and is one of four new stations built on the 8.4 km (5.2 mi) railway to Adapazarı. The new Adapazarı Bus Terminal is located adjacent to the station.

Adaray service was suspended on 12 December 2016, only resuming on 29 October 2024.
Vietnam at the 2017 Asian Winter Games
Vietnam is scheduled to compete in the 2017 Asian Winter Games in Sapporo and Obihiro, Japan from February 19 to 26. This marks the country's official debut at the Asian Winter Games. The country is scheduled to compete in one sport (three disciplines). The team consists of six athletes (all men).

Asian Winter Games
The Asian Winter Games (AWG) is an international multi-sport event held every four years for members of the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) featuring winter events. The Japanese Olympic Committee first suggested creating a winter version of the Asian Games in 1982. Their efforts were rewarded when they received hosting rights for the first edition, held in Sapporo in 1986, as the city had the infrastructure and expertise gained from hosting of the 1972 Winter Olympics.

From having only seven OCA member nations participate in the first edition, the number of competing nations in the Winter Asiad has grown consistently. In the 2007 Asian Winter Games in Changchun, 27 out of the 45 members fielded a record number of competitors, while all 45 National Olympic Committees sent delegations for the first time in AWG history.

Although games were considered for Lebanon in 2009, they were ultimately cancelled. The next edition is scheduled to be held in Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Smithfield Packing Company
The Smithfield Packing Company sells meat products such as ham, ground pork, pork chops, bacon, and lunch meat. It sells its products worldwide. The company was founded in 1936. It is based in Smithfield, Virginia. It is part of Smithfield Foods which is in turn a subsidiary of WH Group.

Pork chop
A pork chop, like other meat chops, is a loin cut taken perpendicular to the spine of the pig and is usually a rib or part of a vertebra. Pork chops are unprocessed and leaner than other cuts. Chops are commonly served as an individual portion, and can be accompanied with applesauce, vegetables, and other sides. Pork is one of the most commonly consumed meats in the world. In the United States, pork chops are the most commonly consumed meat cut from the pork loin and account for 10% of total pork consumption.
Korzecko
Korzecko [kɔˈʐɛt͡skɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chęciny, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) west of Chęciny and 17 km (11 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Chęciny
Chęciny [xɛɲˈt͡ɕinɨ] is a town in Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, southern Poland, with 4,361 inhabitants as of December 2021. It was first mentioned in historical documents from 1275, and obtained its city charter in 1325. At that time was one of major urban centers of northern Lesser Poland.

The most important sight in Chęciny is the royal castle built in the late 13th or early 14th century on the Castle Hill above the town. It fell into a ruin in the 18th century and remains in that state to this day. For centuries Chęciny had a Jewish community and it had been the center of the Hasidic Chentshin dynasty, (Chęciny being pronounced as "Chentshin" or "Khantchin" in Yiddish.)
Texas slave insurrection panic of 1860
The Texas slave insurrection panic of 1860, also known as the Texas Troubles, was a moral panic or mass hysteria and a resulting massacre in North and East Texas. Vigilantes killed an estimated 30 to 100 people whom they claimed had been planning a conspiracy of coordinated arson and slave rebellion. Law-enforcement agencies stepped aside to allow extrajudicial killing of Black Texans and of white people thought to be abolitionists. Historians consider the conspiracy to have been imaginary as almost no evidence of arson or rebellion was ever produced.

Popular attribution of the conspiracy to the supporters of Abraham Lincoln contributed to Southern secession from the Union upon Lincoln's election later in 1860, and thus to the American Civil War.

Extrajudicial killing
An extrajudicial killing (also known as an extrajudicial execution or an extralegal killing) is the deliberate killing of a person without the lawful authority granted by a judicial proceeding. It typically refers to government authorities, whether lawfully or unlawfully, targeting specific people for death, which in authoritarian regimes often involves political, trade union, dissident, religious and social figures. The term is typically used in situations that imply the human rights of the victims have been violated. Deaths caused by legal police actions (such as self defense) or legal warfighting on a battlefield are generally not included, even though military and police forces are often used for killings seen by critics as illegitimate. The label "extrajudicial killing" has also been applied to organized, lethal enforcement of extralegal social norms by non-government actors, including lynchings and honor killings.
Usnarka
Usnarka (Belarusian: Уснарка - Usnarka) is a river of Poland and Belarus, a tributary of the Svislach. Its source is near the village Harkawicze in eastern Poland. It crosses the border with Belarus, and flows into the Svislach near the village Makarawtsy, Byerastavitsa District.

Byerastavitsa district
Byerastavitsa district or Bierastavica district (Belarusian: Бераставіцкі раён; Russian: Берестовицкий район) is a district (raion) of Grodno region in Belarus. Its administrative center is Vyalikaya Byerastavitsa. As of 2024, it has a population of 14,445.
Scouting and Guiding in Italy
Scouting and Guiding in Italy consists of several associations and federations, including more than 225,000 male Scouts and female Guides.

Next to Germany, France and Russia, Italy is the country with the most fragmented Scout movement, but it is also one of the few countries where the single largest association, in this case the Associazione Guide e Scouts Cattolici Italiani, is denominational and comprises more of 80% of the country's Scouts and Guides. Also, counting the other Catholic associations, more than 90% of the Italian Scout movement is Catholic (roughly reflecting distribution of religion in Italy).

Scouting and Guiding in France
The Scout movement in France consisted in 2005 of about 60 different associations and federations with about 180,000 Scouts and Girl Guides. Next to Germany, France is the country with the most fragmented Scout movement.
Harold C. Bradley
Harold Cornelius Bradley  (November 25, 1878 – January 4, 1976) was an American scientist and academic who was professor of biochemistry at the University of Wisconsin. Bradley relocated to Madison in 1906, where he was one of the first three staff members of the new University of Wisconsin Medical School. Bradley was an avid skier, he skied solo across the Sierra range in 1920 and skied until age 85; he was inducted into the Madison Sports Hall of Fame and the National Ski Hall of Fame. He also served as an honorary president of the Sierra Club. Bradley retired in 1948 and relocated to California. He died in Berkeley, California.

National Ski Hall of Fame
The U.S. Ski and Snowboard Hall of Fame and Museum is located in Ishpeming, Michigan, the birthplace of organized skiing in the United States. Located in the state's Upper Peninsula, the building includes the hall of fame and museum, as well as a theater, library, gift shop, offices, and ample storage space for archive material and collections. The current building opened in 1992.
The Big Bang Theory season 8
The eighth season of the American television sitcom The Big Bang Theory aired on CBS from September 22, 2014 to May 7, 2015.

The series returned to its regular Thursday night time slot on October 30, 2014 after Thursday Night Football on CBS ended.

Mayim Bialik submitted the episode "The Prom Equivalency" for consideration due to her nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series at the 67th Primetime Emmy Awards. Christine Baranski submitted the episode "The Maternal Combustion" for consideration due to her nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series at the 67th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards.

Carol Ann Susi, the voice of the never-seen Mrs. Wolowitz, died of cancer at age 62 on November 11, 2014.  In the season's fifteenth episode, "The Comic Book Store Regeneration", Howard Wolowitz receives a phone call that his mother  died while visiting family in Florida.

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
This is a list of winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. In early Primetime Emmy Award ceremonies, the supporting categories were not always genre-, or even gender-, specific. Beginning with 1970, supporting actresses in comedy have competed alone. However, these comedic performances often included actors from miniseries, telefilms, and guest performers competing against main cast competitors. Such instances are marked below:

# – Indicates a performance in a Miniseries or Television film, prior to the category's creation

§ – Indicates a performance as a guest performer, prior to the category's creation
Vel (film)
Vel (/veɪl/ transl. Spear) is a 2007 Indian Tamil-language action drama film directed by Hari and produced by M. Chinthamani under Sree Rajakaalaiamman Medias. It stars Suriya in dual lead roles, alongside Kalabhavan Mani, Vadivelu, Asin, Nassar, Charan Raj, Lakshmi, Saranya Ponvannan and Ambika. The music, cinematography and editing were handled by Yuvan Shankar Raja, Priyan and V. T. Vijayan.

Vel was released on 8 November 2007, coinciding with Diwali, and became a commercial success.

Ambika (actress)
Ambika is an Indian actress known for her work predominantly across the entire southern film industry and in several tele serials. She has also acted in an English film (Indian-American), to date. She was one of the top South Indian heroines for more than a decade from 1976 to 1989. Her younger sister Radha was also an actress. They acted together in a number of South Indian films during the peak of their career. The sisters runs a movie studio called 'ARS Studios', which they converted into a hotel complex in 2013.
The Toll of the Sea
The Toll of the Sea is a 1922 American silent drama film directed by Chester M. Franklin, produced by the Technicolor Motion Picture Corporation, released by Metro Pictures, and featuring Anna May Wong in her first leading role. The film was written by Frances Marion and directed by Chester M. Franklin (brother of director Sidney Franklin), with the lead roles played by Wong and Kenneth Harlan. The plot was a variation of the Madama Butterfly story, set in China instead of Japan.

The film was the second Technicolor feature (after 1917's The Gulf Between), and the first Technicolor color feature anywhere that did not require a special projector to be used for screenings.

The film premiered on November 26, 1922, at the Rialto Theatre in New York City, and went into general release on January 22, 1923.

Metro Pictures
Metro Pictures Corporation was a motion picture production company founded in early 1915 in Jacksonville, Florida, United States. It was a forerunner of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The company produced its films in New York, Los Angeles, and sometimes at leased facilities in Fort Lee, New Jersey. It was purchased in 1919.
Mirador Sur
Mirador Sur (from Spanish 'South Vantage Point') is a sector or neighborhood in the city of Santo Domingo in the Distrito Nacional of the Dominican Republic. Mirador Sur is in particular populated by individuals from the upper and upper middle classes.

Distrito Nacional
The Distrito Nacional (D.N.; pronounced [disˈtɾito nasjoˈnal], locally [dihˈtɾito nasjoˈnal]; lit. 'National District') is a subdivision of the Dominican Republic enclosing the capital Santo Domingo. It is not in any of the provinces, but in practice, it acts as a province on its own. Before October 16, 2001, the Distrito Nacional was much larger, including what is now known as Santo Domingo Province. Published statistics and maps generally show the former, larger, Distrito Nacional. The Distrito Nacional has no rural or underdeveloped areas.
National Consumer Price Index (Switzerland)
The National Consumer Price Index (CPI; German abbreviation: LIK) measures the price inflation of key consumer goods (goods and services) for Swiss private households. The average of the population is used as a reference to obtain a "truthful" value. The CPI measures the price trend based on a basket of commodities containing about 1050 goods and services. These are weighted according to their share of the household budget.

The CPI is a price index compiled by the Federal Statistical Office.

Household
A household consists of one or more persons who live in the same dwelling. It may be of a single family or another type of person group. The household is the basic unit of analysis in many social, microeconomic and government models, and is important to economics and inheritance.

Household models include families, blended families, shared housing, group homes, boarding houses, houses of multiple occupancy (UK), and single room occupancy (US). In feudal societies, the royal household and medieval households of the wealthy included servants and other retainers.
2012 Karuizawa International Curling Championship
The 2012 Karuizawa International Curling Championship was held from January 25 to 29 at the SCAP Karuizawa Arena in Karuizawa, Japan. The bonspiel featured eight teams from each gender (five foreign teams and three Japanese teams) that played in a round-robin format. The top four teams of each gender played in a single-elimination playoff round to determine the winners.

UTC+09:00
UTC+09:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +09:00.

During the Japanese occupations of British Borneo, Burma, Hong Kong, Dutch East Indies, Malaya, Philippines, Singapore, and French Indochina, it was used as a common time with Tokyo until the fall of the Empire of Japan.
Henrique Cruz
Henrique Wilsons Da Cruz Martins (born 6 December 1997), also known as Henrique Cruz, is a football player who currently plays for the Liga Futebol Timor-Leste side Coração FC. He has previously played for the Timor-Leste national football team.

Coração FC
Coração Football Club, formerly known as Atlético Ultramar, is an East Timorese professional football club based in Manatuto, Manatuto Municipality. The team plays in the Liga Futebol Amadora. Ultramar is the only team to have ever won the Taça 12 de Novembro twice, winning the cup in both 2017 and 2018. Despite this the club has struggled in recent seasons, finishing in last place in the Primeira Divisão in 2019 and failing to qualify from the group stage in the Copa FFTL in 2020.
Shawn Hollenbach
Shawn Hollenbach (born March 6, 1981, in Lebanon, Pennsylvania) is an American comedian, writer and actor, based in New York City. He worked at Comedy Central in the programming department. As a comic and actor he has performed around the country and throughout New York. He is an energetic and upbeat performer and self-deprecating humorist focusing on LGBT subjects and a "style that capitalizes on the myriad incidents and accidents that befall us all in the midst of our human existence". He currently works at Logo, Viacom's channel that appeals to the LGBT community and their allies as the social media manager for the channel and its most popular show, RuPaul's Drag Race.

Shenandoah University
Shenandoah University is a private university in Winchester, Virginia, United States. It has an enrollment of approximately 4,000 students across more than 200 areas of study in six schools and colleges. Shenandoah University is one of five United Methodist Church-affiliated institutions of higher education in the Commonwealth of Virginia.
Paul Yong Choo Kiong
Paul Yong Choo Kiong (Chinese: 杨祖強; pinyin: Yáng Zǔqiáng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Iûⁿ Cho͘-kiông; born 23 September 1970) is a former Malaysian politician. He served as a Member of the Perak State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Pakatan Harapan (PH) state administration under former Menteri Besar Ahmad Faizal Azumu from May 2018 until the collapse of that administration in March 2020. He also served as the Member of the Perak State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Tronoh from May 2013 to November 2022.

Originally a member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), Yong defected in March 2020 and subsequently joined the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU) in 2021 and later the Parti Bangsa Malaysia (PBM).

In 2022, Yong was convicted of raping his Indonesian domestic helper. After exhausting all legal appeals, he was imprisoned in October 2025.

Parti Bangsa Malaysia
Parti Bangsa Malaysia,  (Malay for  Malaysian Nation Party abbrev: PBM, is a registered political party in Malaysia. The party was founded as the Sarawak Workers Party before being handed over in November 2021. The party is currently represented by one Member of Parliament (MP) after the 15th general election (GE15).
Parshuram Khapung
Parashuram Khapung (Limbu) is a Nepalese politician and current Governor of Koshi Province. He was appointed Governor, as per the Article 163 (2)  of the Constitution of Nepal by the President Bidya Devi Bhandari on the recommendation of the Council of Ministers of the Government of Nepal on 11 November 2021. He is a former member of House of representatives.

Constitution of Nepal
The Constitution of Nepal (Nepali: नेपालको संविधान) is the present governing Constitution of Nepal.
Nepal is governed according to the Constitution which came into effect on 20 September 2015, replacing the Interim Constitution of 2007. The constitution of Nepal is divided into 35 parts, 308 Articles and 9 Schedules.

The Constitution was drafted by the Second Constituent Assembly following the failure of the First Constituent Assembly to produce a constitution in its mandated period after the earthquake in April 2015.  The constitution was endorsed by 90% of the total legislators. Out of 598 Constituent Assembly members, 538 voted in favour of the constitution while 60 people voted against it, including a few Terai-based political parties which refrained from the voting process.

Its institutions were put in place in 2010 and 2018 through a series of direct and indirect elections in all governing levels.
Esentepe, Artuklu
Esentepe (Kurdish: Qesra Ehmedê Xêro) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Artuklu, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Mîrsînan tribe and had a population of 259 in 2021.

Artuklu
Artuklu (Kurdish: Ertuqî; Turoyo: ܐܪܬܘܟܠܘ, romanized: Artoklo; Arabic: الأرتقية) is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 885 km2, and its population is 189,769 (2022). It encompasses the city of Mardin and the adjacent countryside to the north and southeast.