hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Phillips catalyst
The Phillips catalyst, or the Phillips supported chromium catalyst, is the catalyst used to produce approximately half of the world's polyethylene.  A heterogeneous catalyst, it consists of a chromium oxide supported on silica gel. Polyethylene, the most-produced synthetic polymer, is produced industrially by the polymerization of ethylene:

n C2H4    →  (C2H4)n

Although exergonic (i.e., thermodynamically favorable), the reaction requires catalysts.  Three main catalysts are employed commercially: the Phillips catalyst, Ziegler–Natta catalysts (based on titanium trichloride), and, for specialty polymers, metallocene-based catalysts.

Ethylene
Ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) is a hydrocarbon which has the formula C2H4 or H2C=CH2. It is a colourless, flammable gas with a faint "sweet and musky" odour when pure. It is the simplest alkene (a hydrocarbon with carbon–carbon double bonds).

Ethylene is widely used in the chemical industry, and its worldwide production (over 225 million tonnes in 2022) exceeds that of any other organic compound. Much of this production goes toward creating polyethylene, which is a widely used plastic containing polymer chains of ethylene units in various chain lengths. Production emits greenhouse gases, including methane from feedstock production and carbon dioxide from any non-sustainable energy used.

Ethylene is also an important natural plant hormone and is used in agriculture to induce ripening of fruits. The hydrate of ethylene is ethanol.
Finlay Press
Finlay Press is the name of an independent private press founded by Ingeborg Hansen and Phil Day. It began production in Goulburn, NSW, Australia in 1997. In 2001 the press moved to Braidwood, New South Wales, Australia, where it printed its final publication in 2009.

Hansen and Day were graduates of the Graphic Investigation Workshop Archived 2012-03-24 at the Wayback Machine, Australian National University, where they studied under Petr Herel and Peter Finlay. Herel, an advocate of the artist's book, Head lecturer of the Graphic Investigation Workshop, and founder of the Artist Book Studio, and Finlay, a compositor and printer by trade, both inspired Hansen and Day to continue making books after their graduation.

Goulburn
Goulburn (/ɡoʊlbərn/ GOHL-bərn) is a regional city in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia, approximately 195 kilometres (121 mi) south-west of Sydney and 90 kilometres (56 mi) north-east of Canberra. It was proclaimed as Australia's first inland city through letters patent by Queen Victoria in 1863. Goulburn had a population of 24,565 as of the 2021 census. Goulburn is the seat of Goulburn Mulwaree Council.

Goulburn is a railhead on the Main Southern line, and regional health & government services centre, supporting the surrounding pastoral industry as well as being a stopover for travellers on the Hume Highway. It has a central historic park and many historic and listed buildings. It is also home to the monument the Big Merino, a sculpture that is the world's largest concrete sheep.
Tubonasus
Tubonasus (meaning "tube nose") is an extinct monospecific genus of long-snouted arthrodire placoderm from the Early Frasnian stage of the Late Devonian period, found at the Gogo Formation of Kimberley, Western Australia.

Tubonasus is interpreted as a pelagic pursuit predator, and had the ability of swallowing prey whole. Like other camuropiscids, it has an elongated rostrum, streamlined body, and narrow infragnathals.

Arthrodira
Arthrodira (Greek for "jointed neck") is an order of extinct armored, jawed fishes of the class Placodermi that flourished in the Devonian period before their sudden extinction, surviving for about 50 million years and penetrating most marine ecological niches. Arthrodires were the largest and most diverse of all groups of placoderms.
Timberlake High School
Timberlake High School is a four-year public secondary school  in Spirit Lake, Idaho. Opened in 1998 at the south end of town, it is the second high school in the Lakeland Joint School District #272 of northern Kootenai County and draws its students from Spirit Lake, Athol, Bayview, and Twin Lakes.  The school colors are navy blue, gold, and white, and its mascot is the white tiger.

Timberlake originally was six grades and included grades 7 and 8; a separate junior high was built on the north end of the campus and opened in 2004.

Bayview, Idaho
Bayview is an unincorporated community in the northwest United States, located in Kootenai County, Idaho, north of Coeur d'Alene. On the southwest shore of Lake Pend Oreille, Bayview is seven miles (11 km) east-northeast of Athol. The community is served by State Highway 54 and a post office with ZIP code 83803; its approximate elevation is 2,100 feet (640 m) above sea level. Nearby is Farragut State Park, formerly the Farragut Naval Training Station, a major training facility during World War II.

The U.S. Navy's Acoustic Research Detachment operates from Bayview, testing new submarine and surface ship shapes and subsystems. It is a remote facility of the Naval Surface Warfare Center
Ferocious Dog
Ferocious Dog are an English folk punk band from Warsop, Nottinghamshire, England. The band has headlined tours of the UK and Europe, performed in Dubai, festivals such as Bearded Theory, Alchemy, Deerstock, Farmer Phil's Festival, Splendour and Beautiful Days, and toured in support of New Model Army, The Levellers and The Wonder Stuff. In 2015 the band played in the Field of Avalon at Glastonbury Festival.

Beautiful Days (festival)
Beautiful Days is a music festival that takes place in August at Escot Park, near Ottery St Mary, Devon. The festival was founded by, and is managed by, the band the Levellers and was first held in 2003.  The festival has no corporate sponsorship or branding, leading to Virtual Festivals proclaiming it "the festival that sells out ... by not selling out".  In 2011 Beautiful Days was pronounced "Best Family Festival" by the UK Festival Awards, later winning the "Grass Roots Festival Award" in 2015, as well as the "Best Medium Festival" award from FestivalKidz the same year.  Every festival has sold out in advance;  although the 2020 festival was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The current capacity is 17,500.
Dayton Ballet
The Dayton Ballet is a ballet company based in Dayton, Ohio.

The Dayton Ballet was founded in 1937, making it the second oldest regional ballet company in the United States. Dayton Ballet seasons typically comprise four works—familiar traditional ballets, such as The Nutcracker, as well as new and innovative works—and over 40 performances.

The Dayton Ballet performs in the historic 1,139-seat Victoria Theatre (Dayton, Ohio) and the 2,300-seat Schuster Performing Arts Center.

Part of the Dayton Performing Arts Alliance, which also oversees the Dayton Opera and the Dayton Philharmonic, the ballet receives administrative and operational leadership and support from its parent organization. Karen Russo Burke has been the Artistic Director of the Dayton Ballet since 2011.

New York City Ballet
New York City Ballet (NYCB) is a ballet company founded in 1948 by choreographer George Balanchine and Lincoln Kirstein.  Balanchine and Jerome Robbins are considered the founding choreographers of the company. Léon Barzin was the company's first music director.  City Ballet grew out of earlier troupes: the Producing Company of the School of American Ballet, 1934; the American Ballet, 1935, and Ballet Caravan, 1936, which merged into American Ballet Caravan, 1941; and directly from the Ballet Society, 1946.
Paradise (Hmong band)
Paradise is a Hmong-American pop band originally started in 1989. Consisting of seven members; Ko Yang (Lead Singer), Phong Yang (Bass), Haget Yang (Drummer), Long Her (Keyboard), Kou Thor (Piano), Cina Chang (Keyboard), Nao Vang (Guitar), and April Vang (Lead Vocalist), the group features diverse talents.

Since 1997, Paradise has performed throughout the United States and has also been featured in Asian Media, such as Hmong Magazine, Asian Team Magazine, and many others.

During the year of 2006, the musical group had their last tour, and disbanded.

Paradise re-united and performed at the 2013 second annual Hmong Music Festival in Fresno, CA. 
Received a music award during the HMA in 2014 Sacramento, CA.

The Hmong musical band will be gathering and performing once again in Fresno, CA on December 26, 2017.

Musical keyboard
A musical keyboard is the set of adjacent depressible levers or keys on a musical instrument. Keyboards typically contain keys for playing the twelve notes of the Western musical scale, with a combination of larger, longer keys and smaller, shorter keys that repeat at the interval of an octave. Pressing a key on the keyboard makes the instrument produce a sound—either by mechanically striking a string or tine (acoustic and electric piano, clavichord), plucking a string (harpsichord), causing air to flow through a pipe (pipe organ), striking a bell (carillon), or activating an electronic circuit (synthesizer, digital piano, electronic keyboard). Since the most commonly encountered keyboard instrument is the piano, the keyboard layout is often referred to as the piano keyboard or simply piano keys.
Isole
Isole (Breton: Izol) is a river which flows through the department of Finistère in the region of Brittany in France. It is 48.2 km (30.0 mi) long and its basin area is 227 km2 (88 sq mi). Its source is near Roudouallec. Another town on the Isole is Scaër. At the town of Quimperlé it is joined by the Ellé to form the Laïta, which flows into the Atlantic Ocean at Le Pouldu.

Finistère
Finistère (/ˌfɪnɪˈstɛər/; French: [finistɛʁ] ⓘ; Breton: Penn-ar-Bed [ˌpɛnarˈbeːt]) is a department of France in the extreme west of Brittany. Its prefecture is Quimper and its largest city is Brest. In 2019, it had a population of 915,090.
C-type (New York City Subway car)
The C-type was a series of elevated New York City Subway cars originally built by the Osgood-Bradley, Laconia, and Jewett car companies, and rebuilt by the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company between 1923 and 1925 from former BU cars.

Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company
The Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company (BRT) was a public transit holding company formed in 1896 to acquire and consolidate railway lines in Brooklyn and Queens, New York City, United States. It was a prominent corporation and industry leader using the single-letter symbol B on the New York Stock Exchange.

It operated both passenger and freight services on its rail rapid transit, elevated and subway network, making it unique among the three companies which built and operated subway lines in New York City. It became insolvent in 1919. It was restructured and released from bankruptcy as the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation in 1923.
Holland's Next Top Model season 3
The third cycle of Holland's Next Top Model premiered on 15 October 2007 on RTL 5. This was the first cycle of the series to be hosted by Dutch model Daphne Deckers, who replaced the previous host, Yfke Sturm after two cycles. All of the previous season's judges returned for the new cycle, with the exception of photographer and creative director Carli Hermès, who was replaced by photographer Philip Riches. Bastiaan van Schaik also replaced stylist Ruud van der Pijl as a mentor for the contestants.

The prizes for this cycle included a modelling contract with Modelmasters The Agency valued at €75,000, a cover feature for Glamour magazine, an advertising campaign for L'Oreal, and the opportunity to represent the Netherlands at the 2008 Ford Models Supermodel of the World contest.

The winner of the competition was 20-year-old Cecile Sinclair from Middelburg, Zeeland.

Middelburg, Zeeland
Middelburg (Dutch: [ˈmɪdəlbʏr(ə)x] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the south-western Netherlands serving as the capital of the province of Zeeland. Situated on the central peninsula of the Zeeland province, Midden-Zeeland (consisting of former islands Walcheren, Noord-Beveland and Zuid-Beveland), it has a population of about 48,000.

In terms of technology, Middelburg played a role in the Scientific Revolution at the early modern period. The town was historically a center of lens crafting in the Golden Age of Dutch science and technology. The invention of the microscope and telescope is often credited to Middelburg spectacle-makers (including Zacharias Janssen and Hans Lipperhey) in the late 16th century and early 17th century.
Livengood gold deposit
The Livengood gold deposit is an advanced gold exploration project located 70 miles (110 km) northwest of Fairbanks, Alaska.

Placer gold was discovered in Livengood Creek in 1914. The hardrock Livengood gold deposit was located by drilling by AngloGold Ashanti (U.S.A.) Exploration Inc. in 2003 and 2004. Livengood was acquired from AngloGold Ashanti in 2006 by the current project owner International Tower Hill Mines (ITHM). In 2016 ITHM reported proven and probable reserves of 391.66 million tonnes of ore at a grade of 0.71 g/t of gold for 8.97 million ounces.

Mineral resource classification
There are several classification systems for the economic evaluation of mineral deposits worldwide. The most commonly used schemes base on the International Reporting Template, developed by the CRIRSCO – Committee for Mineral Reserves International Reporting Standards, like the Australian Joint Ore Reserves Committee – JORC Code 2012, the Pan-European Reserves & Resources Reporting Committee' – PERC Reporting Standard from 2021, the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum – CIM classification and the South African Code for the Reporting of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves (SAMREC). A more detailed description of the historical development concerning reporting about mineral deposits can be found on the PERC web site. In 1997, the United Nations Framework Classification for Resources (UNFC) was development by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). The Pan African Resource Reporting Code (PARC) is based on UNFC.
Subanguina graminophila
Subanguina graminophila is a plant-pathogenic nematode. It forms galls on the leaves of grasses. It is known from grasses in the genera Agrostis (the main host), Bromus, and Calamagrostis. It has been found at a range of elevations, from sea level to at least 405m elevation, in a variety of habitats including brackish grassland above saltmarsh, semi-improved grassland, and heath.

Bromus
Bromus is a large genus of grasses, classified in its own tribe Bromeae. They are commonly known as bromes, brome grasses, cheat grasses, or chess grasses. Estimates in the scientific literature of the number of species have ranged from 100 to 400, but plant taxonomists currently recognize around 160–170 species.

Bromus is part of the cool-season grass lineage (subfamily Pooideae), which includes about 3300 species.  Within Pooideae, Bromus is classified in tribe Bromeae (it is the only genus in the tribe).  Bromus is closely related to the wheat-grass lineage (tribe Triticeae) that includes such economically important genera as Triticum (wheat), Hordeum (barley) and Secale (rye).
Zinwa Q25
Zinwa Q25 (also marketed as Q25 Pro) is an Android smartphone developed by the Chinese company Zinwa Technologies in 2025. The device is a modified version of the BlackBerry Classic (2014), replacing its internals with newer components. Intended both as a completed handset and as a conversion kit for existing BlackBerry Classic devices, the Q25 retains the original BlackBerry's 3.5-inch 720×720 touchscreen, QWERTY keyboard, trackpad and LED notification light but adds a 4G-capable MediaTek Helio G99 system on chip, 12 GB of RAM, 256 GB of storage, a 50 MP rear camera, NFC and USB-C, and runs on Android 14. The project reflects a broader trend of retrofitting older mobile devices as a way to reduce electronic waste and to satisfy enthusiasts who prefer physical keyboards.

Android 14
Android 14 is the fourteenth major release and the 21st version of Android, the mobile operating system developed by the Open Handset Alliance led by Google. Both the Google & AOSP versions were released to the public on October 4, 2023. The first devices to ship with Android 14 were the Pixel 8 and Pixel 8 Pro.

As of January 2026, 13.9% of Android devices run Android 14. making it the fourth-most widely used version of Android.
Psi3 Piscium
Psi3 Piscium, which is Latinized from ψ3 Piscium, is a solitary, yellow-hued star in the zodiac constellation of Pisces. It is faintly visible to the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 5.562. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 7.5 mas as seen from Earth, it is located about 435 light years from the Sun. At that distance, the visual magnitude is diminished by an extinction factor of 0.33 due to interstellar dust. The star is drifting closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of −7 km/s.

This F-type giant is a candidate horizontal branch star with a stellar classification of F9 IIIa. It is an X-ray source with a luminosity of (0.82±0.13)×1030 erg s−1 in the 0.3−10 keV band. The projected rotational velocity is 87.7±4.4 km/s and it has an effective temperature of 6,273. It has 2.8 times the mass of the Sun and 10.3 times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating 95.5 times the luminosity of the Sun from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 6,554 K.

Stellar rotation
Stellar rotation is the angular motion of a star about its axis. The rate of rotation can be measured from the spectrum of the star, or by timing the movements of active features on the surface.

The rotation of a star produces an equatorial bulge due to centrifugal force. As stars are not solid bodies, they can also undergo differential rotation. Thus the equator of the star can rotate at a different angular velocity than the higher latitudes. These differences in the rate of rotation within a star may have a significant role in the generation of a stellar magnetic field.

In its turn, the magnetic field of a star interacts with the stellar wind. As the wind moves away from the star its angular speed decreases. The magnetic field of the star interacts with the wind, which applies a drag to the stellar rotation. As a result, angular momentum is transferred from the star to the wind, and over time this gradually slows the star's rate of rotation.
Tuindorp Hustler Click
The Tuindorp Hustler Click (THC) is a Dutch rap group that was created in 1995 in Tuindorp Oostzaan in the northern part of Amsterdam. The group was created by several guys with different backgrounds, but with one thing in common: they all live in Tuindorp Oostzaan. That is where the name comes from, they are all from Tuindorp Oostzaan, and they see themselves as a click.

Tuindorp Oostzaan
Tuindorp Oostzaan is a neighbourhood of Amsterdam, Netherlands. The neighbourhood is named after the adjacent village Oostzaan. Approximately 20 minutes from Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. As of 6 August 2021, the neighbourhood had a population of 17,330.
SJ B1
B1, formerly Bo1 is a Swedish second class passenger car built by Kalmar Verkstad. The carriage belongs to the 1960s-cars family and was primarily used by the Swedish state railways, SJ between 1960 and 2006. The type remains in service in Sweden with private operators, including TÅGAB and Snälltåget. A total of 8 carriages remain in service in Sweden. Some carriages were sold to the Croatian state railways after their retirement from the SJ fleet.

Snälltåget
Snälltåget  is an open-access railway company in Sweden with long-distance trains along the Southern Main Line in Sweden from Malmö to Stockholm; as well as sleeper trains between Stockholm and Berlin, and from Malmö to the ski and hiking resorts in Jämtland county (Sweden), and to Innsbruck for ski areas in Austria.

As of November 2025 a daily day-time connection was planned between Stockholm and Hamburg, Germany to start from May 2026.
2013 Asian Junior Badminton Championships – Boys singles
The Boys' Singles tournament of the 2013 Asian Junior Badminton Championships was held from July 10–14 in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia. The defending champion of the last edition was Kento Momota from Japan. Thammasin Sitthikom of Thailand who standing in the top seeds was defeated by the No.5 seeded Soo Teck Zhi of Malaysia in the semifinals, while the second seeded Soong Joo Ven of Malaysia fell in the quarterfinals to Jeon Hyuk-jin of South Korea. Soo Teck Zhi emerged as the champion after beat Jeon Hyuk-jin in the finals with the score 21–17, 13–21, 21–15.

Jeon Hyeok-jin
Jeon Hyeok-jin (born 13 June 1995) is a Korean badminton player.  Specializing in singles, he was runner-up at the 2013 Asian Junior Badminton Championships. Jeon was part of the Korean team that won men's team gold at the 2014 Asian Games and the following year, he beat both Chou Tien-chen and compatriot Son Wan-ho to win gold at the 2015 Summer Universiade. In 2017, he helped the Korean national team to win the world team championships at the Sudirman Cup. Jeon competed for South Korea at the 2024 Summer Olympics in the men's singles event.
Harry Pavel
Harry Pavel (born (1951-03-06)6 March 1951 in Fuchsstadt) is a German wheelchair curler.

He participated in the 2018 Winter Paralympics where German wheelchair curling team finished on eighth place.

In 2015 and 2016 he competed in Swiss Wheelchair Curling Championship, won gold medal both times.

Wheelchair curling
Wheelchair curling is an adaptation of curling for athletes with a disability affecting their lower limbs or gait. Wheelchair curling is governed by World Curling, and is one of the sports in the Winter Paralympic Games.
Bingöl
Bingöl (Armenian: Ճապաղջուր, romanized: Chapaghjur; Kurdish: Çewlik; Zazaki: Çewlîg), known as Çapakçur before 1944, is a city in Turkey. It is the seat of Bingöl Province and Bingöl District, and has a population of 133,423 (2022). The city is situated in a predominantly Kurdish-speaking region of eastern Turkey and is known in Kurdish as Çewlik; it has been the subject of scholarly attention as a site of Kird/Zaza and Kurmanji Kurdish identity formation.

2009 Turkish local elections
Local elections were held in Turkey on 29 March 2009. The overall winner was the ruling party Justice and Development Party, although the party saw a decline in its vote relative to the 2007 general election. The leading opposition party, the social democratic Kemalist CHP, increased its vote share, as did a number of smaller parties including the SP, DTP and BBP, whose party leader Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu had died in a helicopter crash four days before the election. The third largest party, the Turkish nationalist MHP, enjoyed a more modest vote surge. The election was not contested by Cem Uzan's GP. The AKP failed to take certain provinces it had publicly targeted, such as Diyarbakır, İzmir and Urfa, and did not achieve its goal of exceeding 47% of the overall vote.
There was localized election-related fighting in southeastern Turkey, in which five people were reported to have been killed and about a hundred injured.
Faces in Places
Faces in Places is a photoblog that features (as the author describes) photographs of faces found in everyday places. The featured photographs consist of inanimate objects that a viewer would perceive as representing a face. This perception is a type of pareidolia—perceiving random stimuli as significant, or anthropomorphism—people attributing human qualities to a non-human being or object.

Location
In geography, location or place is used to denote a region (point, line, or area) on Earth's surface. The term location generally implies a higher degree of certainty than place, the latter often indicating an entity with an ambiguous boundary, relying more on human or social attributes of place identity and sense of place than on geometry. A populated place is called a settlement.