hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bellonids
The Bellonids (Catalan: Bel·lònides, Spanish: Bellónidas, French: Bellonides), sometimes called the Bellonid Dynasty, were the counts descended from the Goth Belló who ruled in Carcassonne, Urgell, Cerdanya, County of Conflent, Barcelona, and numerous other Hispanic and Gothic march counties in the 9th and 10th centuries. His most famous grandson was Wilfred the Hairy, who founded the House of Barcelona, rulers of the County of Barcelona from 878, and since 1164 the Crown of Aragon, until the end of the reign of Martin the Humane in 1410.

Since the early years of the 10th century all of the eastern counties of the Hispanic March and the counties of Conflent, Carcassonne, Foix, and Razès of the Gothic March were ruled by Belló's descendants. This would have favored the co-ruling of some territories, and a clan-like network of mutual support, although they would have also been exposed to the risk of endogamy.

Razès
Razès (French pronunciation: [ʁazɛs]; Occitan: Rasés; Catalan: Rasès) is a historical area in southwestern France, in today's Aude département.

Several communes of the département include Razès in their name:

Bellegarde-du-Razès

Belvèze-du-Razès

Fenouillet-du-Razès

Fonters-du-Razès

Mazerolles-du-Razès

Peyrefitte-du-Razès

Saint-Couat-du-Razès

Villarzel-du-Razès
Manor New Technology High School
Manor New Technology High School (commonly known as MNTHS or Manor New Tech) is a public secondary school in Manor, Texas, United States.

The school is part of the Manor Independent School District (MISD). Serving freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and seniors, with an admissions system based on a lottery system. Three middle schools feed into Manor New Tech: Manor Middle School, Decker Middle School and Manor New Technology Middle School. The school colors are navy blue, silver, and white. The mascot is the Titans.

Tenth grade
Tenth grade (also 10th grade or Grade 10) is the tenth year of formal or compulsory education. It is typically the first year of high school. In some places, 10th grade is the second year of high school. In many parts of the world, students in tenth grade are usually 15 to 16 years of age.
Khudayberdino
Khudayberdino (Russian: Худайбердино; Bashkir: Хоҙайбирҙин, Xoźaybirźin) is a rural locality (a village) in Yalchinsky Selsoviet, Kugarchinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 378 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

Kugarchinsky District
Kugarchinsky District (Russian: Кугарчи́нский райо́н; Bashkir: Күгәрсен районы, romanized: Kügärsen rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the republic and borders Meleuzovsky District in the north, Burzyansky District in the northeast, Zilairsky District in the east, Zianchurinsky District in the south, Orenburg Oblast in the southwest, and Kuyurgazinsky District in the west. The area of the district is 3,371 square kilometers (1,302 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Mrakovo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 31,444, with the population of Mrakovo accounting for 27.6% of that number.
John Milton Read
John Milton Read (November 3, 1842 – March 9, 1881) was an American journalist, Democratic politician, and Wisconsin pioneer.  He was a member of the Wisconsin State Senate, representing Brown, Door, and Kewaunee counties during the 1874 and 1875 sessions.  In historical documents, his surname is sometimes spelled Reed.

28th Wisconsin Legislature
The Twenty-Eighth Wisconsin Legislature convened from January 13, 1875, to March 6, 1875, in regular session.

Senators representing odd-numbered districts were newly elected for this session and were serving the first year of a two-year term. Assembly members were elected to a one-year term. Assembly members and odd-numbered senators were elected in the general election of November 3, 1874. Senators representing even-numbered districts were serving the second year of their two-year term, having been elected in the general election held on November 4, 1873.

The governor of Wisconsin during this entire term was Democrat William Robert Taylor, of Dane County, serving the second year of a two-year term, having won election in the 1873 Wisconsin gubernatorial election.
2020–21 Four Hills Tournament
The 2020–21 Four Hills Tournament took place at the four traditional venues of Oberstdorf, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Innsbruck, and Bischofshofen, located in Germany and Austria, between 29 December 2020 and 6 January 2021.

Oberstdorf
Oberstdorf (German pronunciation: [ˈoːbɐstˌdɔʁf] ⓘ; Low Alemannic: Oberschdorf) is a  municipality located in the Allgäu region of the Bavarian Alps of southern Germany. It is the southernmost settlement in Germany, and being one of its highest towns, is known for its skiing and hiking parks.

At the center of Oberstdorf is a church whose tall spire serves as a landmark for navigating around town. The summits of the Nebelhorn and Fellhorn provide dramatic panoramic views of the alps. The Nebelhorn can be reached with a big cable car. Visitors can ride a unique diagonal elevator to the top of the Heini-Klopfer-Skiflugschanze.
Cerro Standhardt
The Cerro Standhardt is a mountain within the disputed area between Chile and Argentina. It is the third highest of a chain of four peaks, which also includes Cerro Torre, Torre Egger, and Herron Point. The mountain is named after German photographer and naturalist Ernst Standhardt (1888–1967).

The peak is part of the Bernardo O'Higgins National Park on the Chilean side and Los Glaciares National Park on the Argentine side. Administratively, it lies in the Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica Region in Chile and the Santa Cruz Province in Argentina. Its height is 2,730 meters above sea level.

Los Glaciares National Park
Los Glaciares National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Los Glaciares) is a federal protected area in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina.

The park covers an area of 726,927 ha (7,269.27 km2; 2,806.68 sq mi), making it the largest national park in the country.
Established on 11 May 1937, it hosts a representative sample of Magellanic subpolar forest and west Patagonian steppe biodiversity in good state of conservation. In 1981, it was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

The park's name refers to the giant ice cap in the Andes, the largest outside of Antarctica, Greenland and Iceland, feeding 47 large glaciers, of which 13 flow towards the Pacific Ocean. In other parts of the world, glaciers start at a height of at least 2,500 m (8,200 ft) above mean sea level, but due to the size of the ice cap, these glaciers begin at only 1,500 m (4,900 ft), sliding down to 200 m (660 ft). Los Glaciares borders Torres del Paine National Park to the south in Chilean territory.
Tangerine (David Mead album)
Tangerine is the fourth full-length album by singer-songwriter David Mead. Having been dropped by Nettwerk America after the release of his previous LP, Indiana, he created his own label, Tallulah!, in order to release Tangerine in 2006. "Mead's is some of the most consistently attractive, melodically pleasing, and intellectually rewarding pop music around, and it would really be a shame if he 'moved beyond' his most obvious strengths anytime soon," wrote Rick Anderson for AllMusic. "Few records this immediately attractive are still so interesting after repeated listens."

Nettwerk Music Group
Nettwerk Music Group is an independent record label founded in 1984.

The Vancouver-based company was created by principals Terry McBride and Mark Jowett. Initially specializing in electronic music such as alternative dance and industrial, the label expanded its roster to include pop, rock and numerous singer-songwriters. Nettwerk has played an impactful role in many artists' careers, such as Coldplay, Sarah McLachlan, and Barenaked Ladies.

The label was named Billboard's "Indie Power Players" list in 2024 and 2025.
Bako Tibe
Bako Tibe is one of the Aanaas, or districts, in the Oromia region of Ethiopia. Part of the West Shewa Zone, Bako Tibe is bordered on the south and west by the East Welega Zone, on the north by Horo Gudru Welega Zone, and on the east by Cheliya. The administrative center of this woreda is Bako; other towns in Bako Tibe include Tibe and Shoboka.

Horo Guduru Welega Zone
Horo Guduru Welega (Oromo: Wallaggaa Horroo Guduruu) is a zone in  Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It is named after the former province of Welega, whose eastern part lay in the area Horo Guduru Welega now occupies. Horo Guduru Welega was formed of woredas, including East Welega Zone. Horo Guduru is bordered on the east by West Shewa Zone, on the west by East Welega Zone, and on the north by Amhara Region.

The seat of the zonal administration cabinet is in Shambu town. Shambu is a seat for Horro Woreda and Shambu town woreda in addition to the zonal service.

In this zone, various community associations are working on supporting elderly, children, and youths suffering financially and lacking family support. One such association is Oda Buluq Integrated Development Association (OBIDA), registered in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.
Ling Shuhua
Ling Shuhua (simplified Chinese: 凌叔华; traditional Chinese: 凌叔華; March 25, 1900 – 1990), also known as Su-hua Ling Chen after her marriage, was a Chinese modernist writer and painter whose short stories became popular during the 1920s and 1930s. Her work is characterized by her use of symbolism and boudoir literature.

Vita Sackville-West
Victoria Mary, Lady Nicolson, CH (née Sackville-West; 9 March 1892 – 2 June 1962), usually known as Vita Sackville-West, was an English author and garden designer.

Sackville-West was a successful novelist, poet and journalist, as well as a prolific letter writer and diarist. She published more than a dozen collections of poetry and 13 novels during her life. She was twice awarded the Hawthornden Prize for Imaginative Literature: in 1927 for her pastoral epic, The Land, and in 1933 for her Collected Poems. She was the inspiration for the protagonist of Orlando: A Biography, by her friend and lover Virginia Woolf.

She wrote a column in The Observer from 1946 to 1961 and is remembered for the celebrated garden at Sissinghurst in Kent, created with her husband, Sir Harold Nicolson.
Gusev crater (Russia)
Gusev is an impact crater in Russia. It is located near Kamensk-Shakhtinsky in Rostov Oblast.

The crater is 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) in diameter and its age is estimated to be 49.0 ± 0.2 million years old placing it in the Eocene. The crater is not exposed at the surface. It may have formed at the same time as the larger and nearby  Kamensk crater.

Rostov Oblast
Rostov Oblast (Russian: Росто́вская о́бласть, romanized: Rostovskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [rɐˈstofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in the Southern Federal District. The oblast has an area of 100,967 square kilometers (38,984 sq mi) and a population of 4,200,729 (2021 Census), making it the sixth most populous federal subject in Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Rostov-on-Don, which also became the administrative center of the Southern Federal District in 2002.
Lécuyer Point
Lécuyer Point (64°50′S 63°30′W﻿ / ﻿64.833°S 63.500°W﻿ / -64.833; -63.500) is a point which forms the south side of the entrance to the harbor of Port Lockroy, Wiencke Island, in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. It was discovered and named by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot.

Palmer Archipelago
Palmer Archipelago, also known as Antarctic Archipelago, Archipiélago Palmer, Antarktiske Arkipel or Palmer Inseln, is a group of islands off the northwestern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. It extends from Tower Island in the north to Anvers Island in the south. It is separated by the Gerlache and Bismarck straits from the Antarctic Peninsula and Wilhelm Archipelago, respectively. The archipelago is in the British, Chilean, and Argentine Claims.

Palmer Archipelago is located at 64°15′S 62°50′W﻿ / ﻿64.250°S 62.833°W﻿ / -64.250; -62.833.
François-Xavier Garneau Medal
The François-Xavier Garneau Medal is a book prize awarded by the Canadian Historical Association. Awarded only every five years since it was first awarded in 1980, the CHA describes the Medal as its "most prestigious" prize, honouring "an outstanding Canadian contribution to historical research." The Medal is named for François-Xavier Garneau, a 19th-century Quebecois poet and civil servant who wrote a classic three-volume history of the French Canadian nation entitled Histoire du Canada.

François-Xavier Garneau
François-Xavier Garneau (June 15, 1809 – February 2 or February 3, 1866) was a nineteenth-century French Canadian notary, poet, civil servant and liberal who wrote a three-volume history of the French Canadian nation entitled Histoire du Canada between 1845 and 1848.
USS Milwaukee
Five ships in the United States Navy have been named USS Milwaukee for the city in Wisconsin.

USS Milwaukee (1864), was a monitor, launched in 1864 and sunk by enemy action in 1865.

USS Milwaukee (C-21) was a St. Louis-class cruiser, commissioned in 1906, wrecked attempting to salvage USS H-3 and decommissioned in 1917.

USS Milwaukee (CL-5), was an Omaha-class cruiser, commissioned in 1923, transferred to the Soviet Navy as Murmansk, returned and scrapped in 1949.

USS Milwaukee (AOR-2), was a Wichita-class replenishment oiler, commissioned in 1969 and decommissioned in 1994.

USS Milwaukee (LCS-5), is a Freedom-class littoral combat ship, first announced in 2011. It was commissioned in November 2015 in Milwaukee.

Replenishment oiler
A replenishment oiler or replenishment tanker is a naval auxiliary ship with fuel tanks and dry cargo holds which can supply both fuel and dry stores during underway replenishment (UNREP) at sea. Many countries have used replenishment oilers.

The United States Navy's hull classification symbol for this type of ship was 'AOR' (Auxiliary Oil Replenishment). Replenishment oilers are slower and carry fewer dry stores than the US Navy's modern fast combat support ships, which carry the classification 'AOE'. In 2020 the US Navy began to develop a new type of ship, the 'AOL' or light replenishment oiler; construction of the first is planned for 2026.
Old Red Sandstone
Old Red Sandstone, abbreviated ORS, is an assemblage of rocks in the North Atlantic region largely of Devonian age. It extends in the east across Great Britain, Ireland and Norway, and in the west along the eastern seaboard of North America. It also extends northwards into Greenland and Svalbard. These areas were a part of the paleocontinent of Euramerica (Laurussia). In Britain it is a lithostratigraphic unit (a sequence of rock strata) to which stratigraphers accord supergroup status and which is of considerable importance to early paleontology. The presence of Old in the name is to distinguish the sequence from the younger New Red Sandstone which also occurs widely throughout Britain.

Stratigraphic unit
A stratigraphic unit is a volume of rock of identifiable origin and relative age range that is defined by the distinctive and dominant, easily mapped and recognizable petrographic, lithologic or paleontologic features (facies) that characterize it.

Units must be mappable and distinct from one another, but the contact need not be particularly distinct. For instance, a unit may be defined by terms such as "when the sandstone component exceeds 75%".
JabRef
JabRef is an open-source, cross-platform citation and reference management software. It is used to collect, organize and search bibliographic information.

JabRef has a target audience of academics and many university libraries have written guides on its usage. It uses BibTeX and BibLaTeX as its native formats and is therefore typically used for LaTeX. The name JabRef stands for Java, Alver, Batada, Reference. The original version was released on November 29, 2003.

Crossref
Crossref (formerly styled CrossRef) is a nonprofit open digital infrastructure organization for the global scholarly research community. It is the largest digital object identifier (DOI) Registration Agency of the International DOI Foundation. It has 23,000 members from 164 countries representing publishers, libraries, research institutions, and funders and was launched in early 2000 as a cooperative effort among publishers to enable persistent cross-platform citation linking in online academic journals. As of July 2023, Crossref identifies and connects 150 million records of metadata about research objects made openly available for reuse without restriction. They facilitate an average of 1.1 billion DOI resolutions (clicks of a DOI link) every month, and they see 1 billion queries of the metadata every month.
Discover Russian
Discover Russian (DR) was the first Russian television program on the Pacific coast of North America.  It was produced by Pamirus Production under the direction of producer and presenter Nathalie Potocka. In 38 episodes, this cultural variety show featured interviews with prominent people from various disciplines, including:

artists

dancers

musicians

hockey players; and

figure skaters

Some of the guests on Discover Russian included:

maestro Mstislav Rostropovich

ballerina Evelyn Hart

pianist Gregory Sokolov

violinist Vadim Gluzman

legendary figure skater Alexei Yagudin

conductor Bramwell Tovey

Alexander Pushkin

Peter Tchaikowsky

Sergey Rachmaninoff ; and

Nicolas Rimsky-Korsakov

The program also featured a series dedicated to great Russian writers and intelligentsia, Anton Chekhov, Fyodor Dostoevsky and Mikhail Bulgakov. The program also hosted a number of interviews with local and international political and religious leaders.

Ballet dancer
A ballet dancer is a person who practices the art of classical ballet. Both females and males can practice ballet. They rely on years of extensive training and proper technique to become a part of a professional ballet company. Ballet dancers are at a high risk of injury due to the demanding technique of ballet.
Dick Poole (cyclist)
Richard William Ewart Poole was the first man to cycle from Land's End to John o' Groats, the length of mainland Britain, in less than two days. He then beat the 1,000-mile record... only to find he was a few yards too short.

John o' Groats
John o' Groats (Scottish Gaelic: Taigh Iain Ghròta) is a village 2+1⁄2 miles (4 kilometres) northeast of Canisbay, in the historic county of Caithness, Scotland. It lies on Scotland's north-eastern tip and is popular with tourists. The northernmost point of mainland Scotland is nearby Dunnet Head and the northeastern corner is nearby Duncansby Head.

John o' Groats is sited 690 mi (1,110 km) from London, 280 mi (450 km) from Edinburgh, 6 mi (10 km) from the Orkney Isles and 2,200 mi (3,500 km) from the North Pole; it is 4+1⁄4 mi (7 km) from the uninhabited Island of Stroma.

In summer, a ferry operates between John o' Groats and Burwick on South Ronaldsay in Orkney.
1980 Italian Open (tennis)
The 1980 Italian Open was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament that was played on outdoor clay courts. For the first time in the history of the tournament the men and women competed in different locations. The men's event was held at the traditional location of Foro Italico in Rome, while the women played in Perugia. It was the 37th edition of the tournament. The men's tournament was part of the 1980 Volvo Grand Prix while the women's tournament was part of the Colgate Series (Category AA). The women's event was played from 5 May through 11 May 1980 while the men's event was organized from 19 May through 25 May 1980. First-seeded Guillermo Vilas, runner-up in 1976 and 1979, won the men's singles title and the accompanying $28,000 first-prize money. The women's singles title was won by first-seeded Chris Evert-Lloyd, her third Italian Open title after 1974 and 1975.

Foro Italico
Foro Italico is a sports complex in Rome, Italy, on the slopes of Monte Mario. It was built between 1928 and 1938 as the Foro Mussolini (literally Mussolini's Forum) under the design of Enrico Del Debbio and, later, Luigi Moretti.  Inspired by the Roman forums of the imperial age, its design is lauded as a preeminent example of Italian fascist architecture instituted by Mussolini. The purpose of the prestigious project was to get the Olympic Games of 1940 to be organised by fascist Italy and held in Rome.
Smith & Wesson Model 1854
The Smith & Wesson Model 1854 is a lever-action repeating rifle designed by Smith & Wesson. It is chambered in .357 Magnum, .44 Magnum, .45 Colt, .30-30 Winchester, .360 Buckhammer and .45-70 Government

Introduced in January 2024, it was the first lever-action firearm introduced by Smith & Wesson in 170 years (since the Volcanic Rifle & Volcanic Pistol was patented in 1854).

.357 Magnum
The .357 Smith & Wesson Magnum, .357 S&W Magnum, .357 Magnum, or 9×33mmR is a smokeless powder cartridge with a 0.357 in (9.07 mm) bullet diameter. It was created by Elmer Keith, Phillip B. Sharpe, and Douglas B. Wesson of firearm manufacturers Smith & Wesson and Winchester. The .357 Magnum cartridge is notable for its highly effective terminal ballistics.

The .357 Magnum cartridge is a magnum cartridge based on Smith & Wesson's earlier .38 Special cartridge. It was introduced in 1935, and it has seen widespread usage.
Martin Gang
Martin Gang ((1901-03-12)March 12, 1901 – (1998-01-29)January 29, 1998) was a noted American lawyer considered a "pioneer in entertainment law". He was a founding partner in 1931 of the Hollywood law firm Gang, Kopp and Tyre (now known as Gang, Tyre, Ramer, Brown & Passman), and remained with the firm until his death.

During the McCarthy era, Gang became famous for helping numerous entertainment industry professionals clear themselves with the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), and thereby avoid the Hollywood blacklist. His legal strategy of fully cooperating with the Committee, and advising his clients to "name names", made Gang a polarizing figure. He was thanked by those whose livelihoods he saved, and scorned by critics of the Committee and by blacklist victims.

House Un-American Activities Committee
The House Committee on Un-American Activities (HCUA), popularly the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), was an investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives created in 1938. Their goal was to investigate alleged disloyalty and subversive activities on the part of private citizens, public employees, and those organizations suspected of having communist ties. It became a standing (permanent) committee in 1946. Then, from 1969 and onward, it was known as the House Committee on Internal Security. When the House abolished the committee in 1975, its functions were transferred to the House Judiciary Committee.

The committee's anti-communist investigations are often associated with McCarthyism, although Joseph McCarthy himself (as a U.S. senator) had no direct involvement with the House committee. McCarthy was the chairman of the Government Operations Committee and its Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the U.S. Senate, not the House.
Bahdanovich
Bahdanovich is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aliaksandr Bahdanovich (born 1982), Belarusian sprint canoer

Andrei Bahdanovich (born 1987), Belarusian sprint canoer

Maksim Bahdanovich (1891–1917), Belarusian poet, journalist, and translator

Andrei Bahdanovich
Andrei Viktaravich Bahdanovich (Belarusian: Андрэй Віктаравіч Багдановіч, born 15 October 1987) is a Belarusian sprint canoeist. He won a gold medal in the C-2 1000 m event at the 2008 Summer Olympics, rowing together with his brother Aliaksandr Bahdanovich. They finished second in the same event in 2012 Summer Olympics and fourth in the C-2 500 m in 2008.

Bahadanovich also won two medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a silver (C-2 1000 m: 2010) and a bronze (C-4 1000 m: 2006).