hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Escondido Valley AVA
Escondido Valley is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located in Pecos County of the Trans-Pecos region in  western Texas. The area was established as the nation's 141st and Texas' fifth AVA on May 19, 1992, by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF), Treasury after reviewing the petition submitted by from Mr. Leonard Garcia of Cordier Estates, Inc., proposing a viticultural area in Pecos County to be named "Escondido Valley." The diminutive viticultural area encompasses approximately 32,000 acres (50 sq mi) and contained one commercial winery operated by the petitioner cultivating about 250 acres (100 ha) under vine. The hardiness zone is 8b. In 2022, the AVA's sole winery filed bankruptcy and eventually liquidated operations auditioning off all its equipment. Its vineyards were abandoned after 35 years yielding quality fruit.

American Viticultural Area
An American Viticultural Area (AVA) is a designated wine grape-growing region in the United States, providing an official appellation for the mutual benefit of wineries and consumers. Winemakers frequently want their consumers to know about the geographic pedigree of their wines, as wines from a particular area can possess distinctive characteristics. Consumers often seek out wines from specific AVAs, and certain wines of particular pedigrees can claim premium prices and loyal customers. If a wine is labeled with an AVA, at least 85% of the grapes that make up the wine must have been grown in the AVA, and the wine must be fully finished within the state where the AVA is located.
Beto Richa
Carlos Alberto "Beto" Richa (born June 29, 1965) is a Brazilian engineer and politician. He was the Governor of the Brazilian state of Paraná until April 6, 2018, when he resigned to run for a seat at the Brazilian Senate. He was succeeded by Cida Borghetti. His father was mayor of Londrina and governor of Paraná José Richa.
On September 11, 2018, less than a month to the election, Richa was arrested as part of the Operation Car Wash.

Londrina
Londrina (Portuguese pronunciation: [lõˈdɾĩnɐ], literally "from London") is a city located in the north of the state of Paraná, South Region, Brazil, and is 388 km (241 miles) away from the state capital, Curitiba. It is the second largest city in the state and fourth largest in the southern region of the country, with 555,965 inhabitants in the whole municipality (2022).

Londrina was originally explored by British settlers, and then officially established in 1930 by a small group of Italian, Japanese and German settlers. It rapidly became the commercial, political, and cultural centre of the state's northern pioneer zone. Its universities include the Universidade Estadual de Londrina (Londrina State University) and the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (Federal University of Technology – Paraná).
Common palmar digital nerves of median nerve
In the palm of the hand, the median nerve is covered by the skin and the palmar aponeurosis, and rests on the tendons of the Flexor muscles. Immediately after emerging from under the transverse carpal ligament the median nerve becomes enlarged and flattened and splits into a smaller, lateral, and a larger, medial portion.

The medial portion of the nerve divides into two common palmar digital nerves (common volar digital nerves).

The first of these gives a twig to the second lumbricalis and runs toward the cleft between the index and middle fingers, where it divides into two proper digital nerves for the adjoining sides of these digits;

the second runs toward the cleft between the middle and ring fingers, and splits into two proper digital nerves for the adjoining sides of these digits; it communicates with a branch from the ulnar nerve and sometimes sends a twig to the third lumbricalis.

Flexor retinaculum of the hand
The flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament or anterior annular ligament) is a fibrous band on the palmar side of the hand near the wrist. It arches over the carpal bones of the hands, covering them and forming the carpal tunnel.
Star Trap
Star Trap is a 1988 British television film with a screenplay written by Tony Bicât that was commissioned for London Weekend Television. Also directed by Bicât, the film was made over a period of six weeks; mainly in the Cotswolds. The final climax of the film, set during a production of Shakespeare's Richard III, was filmed inside the Cochrane Theatre in London which was made to resemble the Stratford Memorial Theatre for the film.

Star Trap is a detective story featuring two rivals investigating murder that involves the occult. The film stars Daniel Flynn as the Detective, Nicky Henson as Adam Blunt, Philip Sayer as Basil Underwood, Jeananne Crowley as Lady Diana Fortesque, John Pennington as Sir John Fortesque, Frances Tomelty as Hermione Bradstreet, Lucy Benjamin as Nancy, Hugh Simon as Cradock, Allan Surtees as Dr. Gregson, Sandra Yue as the Old Woman, Bryan Matheson as the Judge, Arthur Blake as Jim and Sharon Holm as Sue.

Jeananne Crowley
Jeananne Crowley (born 18 December 1949) is an Irish actress and writer who has worked in Irish theatre and in British film and television. She appeared in the film Educating Rita and is possibly best known for her role as Nellie Keene in the BBC drama series Tenko.
Madonna and Child with Saints and Donor
Madonna and Child with Saints and Donor is a c. 1490 oil on panel painting by Carlo Crivelli. It shows the Madonna and child between Francis of Assisi and Bernardino of Siena, with a tiny figure of the painting's donor kneeling on the balustrade in front of the Madonna. It is stored at the Walters Art Museum in Baltimore.

Walters Art Museum
The Walters Art Museum is a public art museum located in the Mount Vernon neighborhood of Baltimore, Maryland. Founded and opened in 1934, it holds collections from the mid-19th century that were  amassed substantially by major American art and sculpture collectors, including William Thompson Walters and his son Henry Walters. William Walters began collecting when he moved to Paris as a nominal Confederate loyalist at the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, and Henry Walters refined the collection and made arrangements for the construction what ultimately was Walters Art Museum.

Admission to the museum is free.
La Condition Humaine
La Condition humaine is a French expression that has been used as the title for various works:

La Condition humaine, a series of pictures by Rene Magritte

A novel by Andre Malraux, translated as Man's Fate

The Human Condition (Magritte)
The Human Condition (La condition humaine) is the title of four paintings by the Belgian surrealist René Magritte. One was completed in 1933 and is in the collection of the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. Another one was completed in 1935 and is part of the Simon Spierer Collection in Geneva, Switzerland. A drawing with the same name is kept at the Cleveland Museum of Art and another picture is part of the Norfolk Museum Collections.
BC Aichach
The BC Aichach is a German association football club from the town of Aichach, Bavaria.

The club has been part of the Landesliga Bayern-Süd over most of the past five decades, playing 29 seasons there since 1963. Only TSV 1860 Rosenheim (36 seasons) and FC Gundelfingen (31 seasons) have spent more time in the league. In 1988, BCA won the Schwaben Cup, a qualifying competition for the German Cup, but failed to advance out of the preliminary rounds.

Aichach should not be confused another club out of Bavarian Swabia also commonly referred to as BCA, the now defunct side BC Augsburg, whose logo was very similar in appearance.

Swabia (Bavaria)
Swabia (German: Schwaben, Swabian: Schwaabe, Bavarian: Schwobm) is one of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria, Germany. It consists of ten districts and 340 municipalities (including four cities) with Augsburg being the administrative capital.
Astrothelium dicoloratum
Astrothelium dicoloratum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Venezuela, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected southwest of La Esmeralda (Alto Orinoco, Amazonas) at an altitude of 110 m (360 ft); here, in a rainforest, the lichen was found growing on the smooth bark of trees. The thallus is completely covered with bright orange pigment. There is a single ascospore in the asci. These spores are hyaline, ellipsoid in shape, with 9 to 11 septa and dimensions of 50–75 by 11–15 μm. Chemical analysis of the lichen using thin-layer chromatography revealed the presence of an unnamed anthraquinone.

Trypetheliaceae
The Trypetheliaceae are a family of mainly lichen-forming fungi in the order Trypetheliales. The family consists almost exclusively of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens with an almost strictly tropical distribution.
Latrobe Valley Field Naturalists Club
The Latrobe Valley Field Naturalists Club (Latrobe Valley FNC) is an Australian regional scientific natural history and conservation society. It is based in the Latrobe Valley in Victoria and draws members from across western, central and southern Gippsland.

The Latrobe Valley FNC was created in 1960 to encourage the enjoyment of nature and to help preserve the region's flora, fauna and natural habitat. Its motto is "to protect and enjoy".

The club supports a wide range of conservation and environmental projects throughout the region, including monitoring threatened species and conducting plant and animal surveys in areas of high conservation value.

The current emblem of the Latrobe Valley FNC was designed by artist Beatrice Rowles and features the flying duck-orchid (Caleana major). The Australian grass tree (Xanthorrhoea australis) has also been used in the club's branding, including a 1965 car sticker that was sold at field naturalist camps across Australia.

Emblem
An emblem is an abstract or representational pictorial image that represents a concept, like a moral truth, or an allegory, or a person, like a monarch or saint. The use of emblems is first recorded in 10th and 11th-century Spain, appearing on stone carvings, ivories, and textiles. Motifs featuring combatant animals were particularly prevalent on artifacts commissioned by Vizier al-Mansur and his son Abd al-Malik, such as marble troughs.
Jane Hawkins
Jane Hawkins (1841–1904) was a British portrait painter from Chelsea who exhibited at the Royal Academy and with the Society of British Artists.

Hawkins public paintings are mostly of political individuals especially those of the family of the Earl of Derby. Hawkins produced portraits some copying the styles of Francis Grant and James Rannie Swinton.

Many of her paintings of the Smith-Stanley family of Derby are in the collection of Hughenden Manor since 1947.

Francis Grant (artist)
Sir Francis Grant PRA (18 January 1803 – 5 October 1878) was a Scottish portrait painter who painted Queen Victoria and many British aristocratic and political figures. He served as President of the Royal Academy.
Nafisa
Nafisa or also spelled as Nafesa and Nafisah is an Arabic feminine given name meaning valuable, precious, extremely desired. Its literal meaning is “something so good and valuable that people compete for it”, derived from the N-F-S root (to breathe, to compete), which is mentioned in many places in the Quran.

People named Nafisa include:

Nafisa Abdullaeva (born 1978), Uzbekistan lawyer and business-coach

Nafisa Abdullahi, (born 1991) Nigerian Kannywood actress

Nafisah Ahmad Zen Shahab, Indonesian businessperson

Nafisa Ali, Indian actor-politician

Nafisa Joseph, Indian model

Nafisa Shah (born 1968), Pakistani politician

Sayyida Nafisa (Nafīsah bint Al-Ḥasan), Muslim scholar (d. 830 CE)

Nafisa Joseph
Nafisa Joseph (28 March 1978 – 29 July 2004) was an Indian model, video jockey and beauty pageant titleholder. She was the winner of Femina Miss India Universe 1997 and was a finalist in the Miss Universe 1997 pageant in Miami Beach.
Herb Franta
Herbert Joseph Franta (March 10, 1905 – August 3, 1950) was an American football lineman who played two seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the Minneapolis Red Jackets and Green Bay Packers. He played college football at St. Thomas and was an NFL champion with the Packers in 1930.

St. Thomas Tommies (Minnesota) football
The St. Thomas Tommies football program represents University of St. Thomas in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Football began at the university in the late 1890s and the first official varsity intercollegiate games were played in 1904. St. Thomas was a charter member of the Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference, formed in 1920. The Tommies also appeared at the 1949 Cigar Bowl. In 2019, the MIAC announced that St. Thomas would be "involuntarily removed" from the conference at the end of the spring 2021 athletic season citing "athletic competitive parity" concerns. St. Thomas received approval from the NCAA to begin competing at the NCAA Division I FCS level as a member of the Pioneer Football League starting with the 2021 season and became the first program to jump from NCAA Division III directly to Division I FCS.
The Global Legal Post
The Global Legal Post is a digest for general counsel and business lawyers that examines the world's legal media, analysis and comment.

It was created in 2012 by the merger of The Global Lawyer, The European Lawyer and LegalDay.com.

Means of communication
Means of communication or media are ways used by people to communicate and exchange information with each other as an information sender and a receiver. Diverse arrays of media that reach a large audience via mass communication are called mass media.
William S. Sutton
William Stephen Sutton (February 25, 1870 – August 14, 1937) was a Canadian politician who served as Mayor of Woodstock, New Brunswick from 1915 to 1916 and as a member of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1916 to 1920.

Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
The Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick (French: Assemblée législative du Nouveau-Brunswick) is the deliberative assembly of the New Brunswick Legislature, in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The assembly's seat is located in Fredericton. It was established in Saint John de jure when the colony was created in 1784 but came into session only in 1786, following the first elections in late 1785. The legislative assembly was originally the lower house in a bicameral legislature. Its upper house counterpart, the Legislative Council of New Brunswick, was abolished in 1891.  Its members are called "Members of the Legislative Assembly", commonly referred to as "MLAs".
Tony Courtney
Anthony William Courtney (19 May 1899 — 3 January 1970) was an Irish international rugby union player.

Born in Nenagh, County Tipperary, Courtney was the youngest son of a doctor and underwent his early education at the local Christian Brothers school, before moving on to Clongowes Wood College in 1914. He studied medicine at University College Dublin (UCD).

Courtney was a member of the Garryowen side that won the Munster Senior Cup in 1920, the year he gained his first call up to the national team. He was capped seven times for Ireland over two years, playing as a forward. While attending UCD, Courtney played on the varsity XV and featured in their 1924 Leinster Senior Cup-winning side. He also appeared for his hometown club Nenagh Ormond.

After qualifying as a doctor, Courtney was a house surgeon at St Vincent's Hospital, medical officer for Nenagh no. 2 district and coroner for North Tipperary.

Courtney was the uncle of murdered Irish prelate Michael Courtney.

Leinster Senior Cup (rugby union)
The Leinster Senior Cup is a major rugby competition in Ireland, involving all senior rugby clubs in Leinster, i.e., clubs from Leinster competing in the All-Ireland League.  From 2006 until 2016 it was known as the Leinster Senior League Cup during the period when the Leinster Senior League had been discontinued, but reverted to its traditional name for the 2016–17 season upon the revival of the Senior League. From 2011 to 2016 only the top senior teams competed and those in the lower divisions of the All-Ireland League competed for the Leinster Senior League Shield.
Pskem Mountains
The Pskem Mountain Range (Russian: Пскемский хребет, Pskemskiy Khrebet) or Piskom Mountains, is a mountain range located within the west Tien Shan range of Central Asia, and is a natural border between Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. It extends over 160 km (99 mi) from north-east to south-west in the extreme north-eastern finger of Uzbekistan's Tashkent Region. The range is a water divide between the Pskem river to the north and the Chandalash, Chatkal, and Koʻksu rivers to the south. The highest elevations are attained in the north-east of the range: Mount Adelung (4,301 m (14,111 ft)) and Mount Beshtor (4,299 m (14,104 ft)).

The river Pskem flows through the mountains on its way to Lake Charvak.

Tashkent Region
Tashkent Region (Uzbek: Toshkent viloyati, Тошкент вилояти; Russian: Ташкентская область) is a viloyat (region) of Uzbekistan, located in the northeastern part of the country, between the Syr Darya River and the Tien Shan Mountains. It borders Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Sirdaryo Region and Namangan Region, as well as the city of Tashkent which is a region in its own right, forming an enclave entirely encircled by the territory of Tashkent Region. It covers an area of 15,250 km². The population is estimated 2,975,900 (2021). Its capital is the city of Nurafshon. Other cities are Angren, Olmaliq, Ohangaron, Bekabad, Chirchiq, Gʻazalkent, Keles, Parkent, Yangiabad, and Yangiyoʻl.
William Lovell
William Lovell is a novel by the German writer Ludwig Tieck, published anonymously in three volumes in 1795–1796. It is an epistolary novel that follows the self-destructive intellectual development of a young Englishman who travels in Europe.

Tieck conceived William Lovell while he was a student of English literature. He was initially inspired to write the story by The New Inn by Ben Jonson and was greatly influenced by the narrative technique and several episodes in The Perverted Peasant by Nicolas Restif de la Bretonne. The story is not autobiographical, but Lovell's ideas and worldview are close to Tieck's and inspired by Enlightenment thinking.

Nicolas Restif de la Bretonne
Nicolas Restif de la Bretonne, born Nicolas-Edme Rétif or Nicolas-Edme Restif (French: [ʁetif]; 23 October 1734 – 3 February 1806), also known as  Rétif, was a French novelist. The term retifism for shoe fetishism was named after him (an early novel, entitled Fanchette's Foot, concerns a woman and her pretty little foot, which, with her pretty face, gets her and her shoe/s into much trouble). He was also reputed to have invented the term "pornographer" for the same-named book, The Pornographer.
2016 Western & Southern Open
The 2016 Western & Southern Open  was a men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts from August 15–21, 2016. It was a Masters 1000 tournament on the 2016 ATP World Tour and a WTA Premier 5 tournament on the 2016 WTA Tour. The tournament was one of two headline events in the 2016 US Open Series. The 2016 tournament was the 115th men's edition and the 88th women's edition of the Cincinnati Masters. The tournament is held annually at the Lindner Family Tennis Center in Mason (a northern suburb of Cincinnati), Ohio, United States.

Roger Federer and Serena Williams were the two-time defending champions in Men's and Women's singles titles, but neither of them defended their titles. They withdrew due to a knee injury and shoulder inflammation, respectively.

ATP Masters 1000 tournaments
The ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, also known as Masters 1000 or ATP 1000 events, are an annual series of nine tennis tournaments featuring the top-ranked players on the ATP Tour since its inception in 1990. The ATP 1000 tournaments, sitting below the Grand Slam tournaments and the year-end championships, make up the most coveted trophies on the annual ATP Tour calendar. In addition to the quadrennial Summer Olympics, they are collectively known as the 'Big Titles'.
Novak Djokovic holds the record for the most ATP 1000 singles titles with 40. By completing the career set of all nine current ATP 1000 series singles titles in 2018, Djokovic became the first and only player to achieve the career Golden Masters. In 2020, Djokovic completed a second career Golden Masters.
In doubles, the Bryan brothers (Bob and Mike) won a record 39 doubles titles as a team. Daniel Nestor and the Bryan brothers are the only doubles players to achieve the career Golden Masters.
IBM Cloud and Smarter Infrastructure
The IBM Cloud and Smarter Infrastructure group, formed after rebranding IBM's Tivoli Software division in 2013, provides a range of computer system solutions. This group's areas of operation include data storage management, enterprise asset management, and IT service management. It incorporates IT operations and systems management technologies, addressing various aspects such as asset and service management, performance management, and integration of service with infrastructure management.

IT service management
Information technology service management (ITSM) are the activities performed by an organization to design, build, deliver, operate and control IT services offered to customers.

Differing from more technology-oriented IT management approaches like network management and  IT systems management, IT service management is characterized by adopting a process approach towards management, focusing on customer needs and IT services for customers rather than IT systems, and stressing continual improvement. The CIO WaterCooler's 2017 ITSM report states that business uses ITSM "mostly in support of customer experience (35%) and service quality (48%)."
Deborah Kent
Deborah Anne Kent (born 1978) is an American mathematics educator, textbook author, historian of mathematics, and historian of astronomy, with particular interests in game theory, 19th-century mathematics, and historic observations of eclipses. She works in Scotland as Senior Lecturer in History of Mathematics at the University of St Andrews.

British Society for the History of Mathematics
The British Society for the History of Mathematics (BSHM) was founded in 1971 to promote research into the history of mathematics at all levels and to further the use of the history of mathematics in education.

The BSHM is concerned with all periods and cultures, and with all aspects of mathematics.  It participates in the Joint Mathematical Council of the United Kingdom.

The Society's journal, the British Journal for the History of Mathematics, is published on behalf of BSHM by Taylor & Francis.
Pharazyn Reserve
Pharazyn Reserve is a public reserve located north of Waikanae, on the Kapiti Coast of the North Island of New Zealand. It is located adjacent to the Te Harakeke Swamp, a regionally significant area of harakeke and raupō wetland. The reserve covers an area of 41 ha (100 acres), and is managed by the Kapiti Coast District Council. The site was originally established as a sewage treatment plant in the 1970s, but was decommissioned in 2002. A long term environmental restoration project was commenced to restore the site as a recreation and wildlife reserve. The site is now described as one of the top 10 birdwatching sites in the Wellington Region. Recreational facilities in the reserve include walking paths, a children's playground with a flying fox, toilets and a bird hide overlooking one of the ponds.

Wellington Region
Greater Wellington, also known as the Wellington Region (Māori: Te Upoko o te Ika), is the southernmost region of the North Island of New Zealand. The local government region covers an area of 8,049 square kilometres (3,108 sq mi), and has a population of 543,400 (June 2025).

The region takes its name from Wellington, New Zealand's capital city and the region's seat. The Wellington urban area, including the cities of Wellington, Porirua, Lower Hutt, and Upper Hutt, accounts for 79 percent of the region's population; other major urban areas include the  Kapiti conurbation (Waikanae, Paraparaumu, Raumati Beach, Raumati South, and Paekākāriki) and the town of Masterton.