hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Asproula
Asproula (Greek: Ασπρούλα, before 1927: Βελίστη – Velisti), is a village in the Kozani regional unit, Greece. It is situated at an altitude of 744 meters above sea level. The population was 92 at the 2021 census.

Velisti was a mixed village and a part of its population were Greek speaking Muslim Vallahades. The 1920 Greek census recorded 289 people in the village, and 250 inhabitants (30 families) were Muslim in 1923. Following the Greek–Turkish population exchange, Greek refugee families in Velisti were from Asia Minor (1) and Pontus (29) in 1926. The 1928 Greek census recorded 281 village inhabitants. In 1928, the refugee families numbered 30 (104 people).

Vallahades
The Vallahades (Greek: Βαλαχάδες) or Valaades (Greek: Βαλαάδες) are a Greek-speaking Muslim population who lived along the river Haliacmon in southwest Greek Macedonia, in and around Anaselitsa (modern Neapoli) and Grevena. They numbered about 17,000 in the early 20th century. They are a frequently referred-to community of late-Ottoman Empire converts to Islam, because, like the Cretan Muslims, and unlike most other communities of Greek Muslims, the Vallahades retained many aspects of their Greek culture and continued to speak Greek for both private and public purposes. Most other Greek converts to Islam from Macedonia, Thrace, and Epirus generally adopted the Ottoman Turkish language and culture and thereby assimilated into mainstream Ottoman society.
Tito Munoz
Tito Munoz could refer to:

Tito Muñoz (born 1983), an American classical music conductor

Tito the Builder, a John McCain supporter in the 2008 US presidential election

Tito Muñoz (writer) (born 1956), Spanish writer

Tito the Builder
Tito Muñoz, also known by the moniker "Tito the Builder", is a conservative activist who has received substantial media attention for various political campaign activities. During the 2008 United States presidential election, Muñoz became notable for publicly defending Joe Wurzelbacher, and also for campaigning with Sarah Palin. Muñoz is a member of the Virginia state Board of Housing and Community Development, and has a conservative Latino radio show.
1995 Torneo Godó – Doubles
Yevgeny Kafelnikov and David Rikl were the defending champions, but lost in the second round to Wayne Arthurs and Donald Johnson.

Trevor Kronemann and David Macpherson won the title by defeating qualifiers Andrea Gaudenzi and Goran Ivanišević 6–2, 6–4 in the final.

Trevor Kronemann
Trevor Kronemann (born September 3, 1968) is a former professional tennis player from the United States.

Kronemann enjoyed most of his tennis success while playing doubles. During his career, he won six doubles titles and finished as a runner-up five times.  He achieved a career-high doubles ranking of World No. 19 in 1995.
Kōda ware
Kōda ware (高田焼, Kōda-yaki) is a type of Japanese pottery traditionally from Yatsushiro, Kumamoto prefecture. It is also known as Yatsushiro ware (八代焼, Yatsushiro-yaki).

Most of the decorative style is influenced by Goryeo ware.

The Hirayama Kiln Site (平山窯跡) is inscribed in the list of Historic Sites of Japan (Kumamoto).

Goryeo ware
Goryeo ware (Korean: 고려도자기) refers to all types of Korean pottery and porcelain produced during the Goryeo dynasty, from 918 to 1392, but most often refers to celadon (greenware).

Celadon techniques were first introduced from China; Goryeo potters established a native style by the 12th century. One of these native styles is characterized by the sanggam technique, a way of inlaying that was unique to Goryeo celadon. The color of the celadon, called bisaek for 'green', was also highly admired. The industry arose and declined as the Goryeo dynasty developed. Many wares were produced at the Gangjin Kiln Sites in southwestern Korea.

An artist of the post-war era who specialised in Goryeo ware was Living National Treasure Yu Geun-Hyeong. His work was documented in the short film Koryo Celadon in 1979. Many celadon pieces from Goryeo are listed as National Treasures of South Korea.
Chris Hann
Christopher Michael Hann (born 4 August 1953) is a British social anthropologist who has done field research in socialist and post-socialist Eastern Europe (especially in Hungary and Poland) and the Turkic-speaking world (Black Sea coast and Xinjiang, N-W China). His main theoretical interests lie in economic anthropology, religion (especially Eastern Christianity), and long-term history (the Eurasian landmass). After holding university posts in Cambridge and Canterbury, UK, Hann has worked since 1999 in Germany as one of the founding Directors of the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology in Halle/Saale. Hann has made significant contributions to the subfield of economic anthropology.

Postsocialism
Postsocialism is the academic study of states after the fall or decline of socialism, especially in Eastern Europe and Asia. The "socialism" in postsocialism is not based on a Marxist conception of socialism but rather, especially in the Eastern European context, on the idea of "actually existing socialism". Scholars of postsocialist states maintain that, even if the political and economic systems in place did not adhere to orthodox Marxist ideas of "socialism", these systems were real and had real effects on cultures, society, and individuals' subjectivities. Scholars of postsocialism often draw from other theoretical frameworks like postcolonialism and focus especially on the evolution of labor relations, gender roles, and ethnic and religious political affiliations. The idea of postsocialism has also been criticized, however, for placing so much emphasis on the impact of socialism while the term socialism remains difficult to define, especially if extended beyond Eastern Europe.
Morgantown and Kingwood Railroad
The Morgantown and Kingwood Railroad (reporting mark M&K) was a railroad in West Virginia in the United States. It extended from the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) junction in Morgantown in Monongalia County via Masontown, Kingwood and Rowlesburg to the M&K junction with the B&O in Preston County, a distance of 47.9 mi (77.1 km). The M&K also operated approximately 5 mi (8.0 km) of branch lines along the route.

The M&K was completed in three stages: Morgantown to Bretz was completed in September 1903, Bretz to Kingwood in March 1906, and Kingwood to Rowlesburg in July 1907. The route followed the course of Deckers Creek to Kingwood. The M&K had shops and a yard at Sabraton.

The line primarily carried coal, building stone, glass sand and lumber. By 1906 the line provided a twice-daily passenger service to Kingwood. It was a key stimulus in the economic development of the region at the turn of the 20th century.

Kingwood, West Virginia
Kingwood is a city in Preston County, West Virginia, United States, and its county seat. The population was 2,980 at the 2020 census. The city sits within the Allegheny Mountains above the Cheat River valley. It hosts the annual Preston County Buckwheat Festival, a county fair known for making buckwheat pancakes.
Children of Chernobyl Benefit Concert
The Children of Chernobyl Benefit Concert  was held at the Dynama Stadium in Minsk, BSSR on April 23 and 24, 1991, five years after the nuclear reactor's meltdown. The event featured bands from around the world and served to raise awareness of the terrible legacy of Chernobyl disaster as representatives from the United Nations and AEA met to discuss the causes and effects of the disaster with government officials. A documentary called Playing for Time (Let the Requiem Begin) about the concert and related issues was produced by Ian Stewart and narrated by Glenda Jackson.

Dinamo Stadium (Minsk)
Dinamo National Olympic Stadium (Belarusian: Нацыянальны Алімпійскі стадыён Дынама, romanized: Natsyyanalny Alimpiiski stadyyon Dynama, Belarusian pronunciation: [stadɨˈjɔn dɨˈnama], Russian: Национальный Олимпийский стадион Динамо, romanized: Natsional'nyy Olimpiyskiy stadion Dinamo, Russian pronunciation: [stədʲɪˈon dʲɪˈnamə]) is a multi-purpose stadium in Minsk, Belarus. It first opened in 1934 and has had several renovations over the years, reopening after the latest one in 2017. Earlier it was used mostly for football matches and was the home ground of Dinamo Minsk, FC Minsk and the Belarus national football team. Previously the stadium officially held 41,040, but because part of the upper stand had been abandoned in the mid-1990s for safety reasons, the actual capacity before renovations was 33,942. After renovation the capacity is only 22,246.
Deep Fried Fanclub
Deep Fried Fanclub is a rarities compilation album by the Scottish alternative rock band Teenage Fanclub, released in 1995. It mostly features non-album singles and b-sides released through the band's association with Paperhouse and K Records.

K Records
K Records is an independent record label in Olympia, Washington, founded in 1982. Artists on the label included early releases by Beck, Modest Mouse and Built to Spill. The record label has been called "key to the development of independent music" since the 1980s.

The label was founded by Beat Happening frontman Calvin Johnson and managed for many years by Candice Pedersen. Many early releases were on the cassette tape format, making the label one of the longest lasting reflections of the cassette culture of the 1970s and early 1980s. Although itself releasing primarily offbeat pop music and indie rock, the DIY label is regarded as one of the pioneers of riot grrrl movement and the second wave of American punk in the 1990s.
Shoshana Sharabi
Shoshana Sharabi (Hebrew: שושנה שרעבי; 1950 - 2018) was an Israeli Paralympic athlete, wheelchair fencer and wheelchair basketball player. She won three gold medals, in foil and in wheelchair basketball.

Wheelchair fencing
Wheelchair fencing (also called Parafencing) is a version of fencing for athletes with a disability. Wheelchair fencing is governed by the International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation, which is a federation of the International Paralympic Committee, and is one of the sports in the Summer Paralympic Games. The Paralympic Games take place every four years in different countries.
Pachyoliva
Pachyoliva is a subgenus of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the genus Olivella, the dwarf olives, within the family Olividae, the olives. Species in this subgenus inhabit soft sediments in the intertidal (or eulittoral) and subtidal (or sublittoral) zones of sandy beaches of the Panamic faunal province, that is, the west coast of the Americas from Baja California to north Peru.

Olive snail
Olive snails, also known as olive shells and olives, scientific name Olividae, are a taxonomic family of medium to large predatory sea snails with smooth, shiny, elongated oval-shaped shells.

The shells often show various muted but attractive colors, and may be patterned also. They are marine gastropod molluscs in the family Olividae within the main clade Neogastropoda.
Bronze anole
The Grenada bush anole  or bronze anole (Anolis aeneus) is a species of anole lizard found in the Caribbean Lesser Antilles and South America.  It is distributed on Grenada and throughout the Grenadines islands, and it has been introduced to Trinidad and Tobago.  It can also be found in Guyana on the mainland, where it is locally abundant, though these populations are not native, either.

Males reach a length of 77 mm snout-to-vent.  Its dorsal surface color is either pale gray, olive, or chocolate-brown, and it is marked with a pattern of mottling or fine speckles.  Its ventral surface is pale, often with dark mottling along the sides.  Its dewlap is white or dull green, with a yellow or orange spot near its front edge.  Females are brown, with a middorsal stripe or ladder-like marking, and a light flank stripe.

It has been the focus of numerous studies of the behavior and ecological strategies employed by Anolis species.

Dewlap
A  dewlap is a longitudinal flap of skin or similar flesh that hangs beneath the lower jaw or neck of many vertebrates. More loosely, it can be various similar structures in the neck area, such as those caused by a double chin or the submandibular vocal sac of a frog. More generally, it can be any hanging mass of skin, such as a fold of loose skin on an elderly person's neck, or the wattle of a bird.  Dewlaps can be considered as a caruncle, defined as "a small, fleshy excrescence that is a normal part of an animal's anatomy".
Arp-Madore 1
Arp-Madore 1 (also known as AM 1) is a globular cluster visible in the constellation Horologium, located  123.3 kiloparsecs (402,000 light-years) away from Earth. It is one of the most distant known globular clusters of the Milky Way galaxy's halo; its distance gives it interest as a test case for gravitational theories.  AM 1 has a visual magnitude of 15.07.

It is named after Halton Arp and Barry F. Madore, who identified it as a distant globular cluster in 1979, using the UK Schmidt Telescope, after previous researchers at the European Southern Observatory had observed its existence but not its classification.

Halton Arp
Halton Christian "Chip" Arp  (March 21, 1927 – December 28, 2013) was an American astronomer.  He is remembered for his 1966 book Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies, which catalogued unusual-looking galaxies and presented their images.

Arp was also known as a critic of the Big Bang theory and for advocating a non-standard cosmology incorporating intrinsic redshift. Arp developed those views in a book, Seeing Red: Redshift, Cosmology and Academic Science, in 1998.
Alexeni
Alexeni is a commune in Ialomița County, Muntenia, Romania, some 65 km north-east of Bucharest, near the town of Urziceni. It is composed of a single village, Alexeni.

Until 2001 a Romanian Air Force military helicopters unit was located at the nearby Alexeni Airfield. In 2007, as the airfield was not used by the Romanian Air Force any longer, the former Minister of Transport Radu Berceanu suggested to use the location for Bucharest's new low-cost flights airport (as the operational tariffs for Bucharest's previous low-cost hub, Aurel Vlaicu Airport, were set to grow). However, some analysts considered the project unrealistic and doomed to fail due to the poor conditions of the infrastructure in the area. Eventually those plans were abandoned and all low-cost flights were moved in March 2012 at Bucharest main airport, the Henri Coandă International Airport.

Military helicopter
A military helicopter is a helicopter that is either specifically designed for or converted for usage by a military. A military helicopter's mission is a function of its design or conversion. The most common use of military helicopters is airlift, but transport helicopters can be modified or converted to perform other missions such as combat search and rescue (CSAR), medical evacuation (MEDEVAC), serving as an airborne command post, or even armed with weapons for close air support. Specialized military helicopters are intended to conduct specific missions. Examples of specialized military helicopters are attack helicopters, observation helicopters and anti-submarine warfare (ASW) helicopters.
Toronto Theatre Critics Awards
The Toronto Theatre Critics Awards are annual awards, presented by a committee of theatre critics in the media of Toronto, Ontario, to honour achievements in the city's theatre production in the previous year.

The awards were launched in 2011 by John Colbourn of the Toronto Sun, Richard Ouzounian of the Toronto Star, Robert Cushman of the National Post and J. Kelly Nestruck of The Globe and Mail, as the first new opportunity for Toronto theatre critics to vote on or present awards since the discontinuation of the Floyd S. Chalmers Canadian Play Award in 2001.

The awards went on hiatus after 2020, due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on theatre production. They returned in 2024.

J. Kelly Nestruck
James Kelleher Nestruck (/ˈnɛsˌtrʌk/ NESS-truk; styled as J. Kelly Nestruck) is a Canadian journalist and arts critic. After a longtime stint as the chief theatre critic for The Globe and Mail, he shifted in October 2024 to become a television critic for the paper following the retirement of John Doyle.
The Ramainz
The Ramainz were an American tribute band to the Ramones. Its members included Dee Dee Ramone, Marky Ramone, Dee Dee's wife Barbara Zampini, and C. J. Ramone. They were known as The Remains until 1999 but had to change the spelling due to another band already using the name. They released one live album entitled Live in N.Y.C. on October 8, 2002, four months after Dee Dee Ramone's death on June 5.

The Remains (band)
The Remains (sometimes referred to as "Barry and the Remains") were a mid-1960s American garage rock group from Boston, Massachusetts, led by Barry Tashian. Although the Remains never achieved national success, they were very popular in New England, and were one of the opening acts on the Beatles' final US tour in 1966.

The Remains broke up in 1966, but their music eventually attracted a strong international cult following. They began performing and recording again in the late 1990s, and have continued to play regularly since then.
Imants Sudmalis
Imants Sudmalis (18 March 1916 OS, Cēsis, Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire – 25 May 1944 NS, Riga, Latvia) was a Latvian editor and Soviet communist and partisan, the Hero of the Soviet Union (awarded posthumously on October 23, 1957).

Latvians
Latvians (Latvian: latvieši) are a Baltic ethnic group and nation native to Latvia and the immediate geographical region, the Baltics. They are occasionally also referred to as Letts, especially in older bibliography. Latvians share a common Latvian language, culture, history and ancestry.
Rocketdyne H-1
The Rocketdyne H-1 was a 205,000 lbf (910 kN) thrust liquid-propellant rocket engine burning LOX and RP-1. The H-1 was developed for use in the S-I and S-IB first stages of the Saturn I  and  Saturn IB rockets, respectively, where it was used in clusters of eight engines. After the Apollo program, surplus H-1 engines were rebranded and reworked as the Rocketdyne RS-27 engine with first usage on the Delta 2000 series in 1974. RS-27 engines continued to be used up until 1992 when the first version of the Delta II, Delta 6000, was retired. The RS-27A variant, boasting slightly upgraded performance, was also used on the later Delta II and Delta III rockets, with the former flying until 2018.

Gas generator
A gas generator is a device for generating gas.  A gas generator may create gas by a chemical reaction or from a solid or liquid source, when storing a pressurized gas is undesirable or impractical.

The term often refers to a device that uses a rocket propellant to generate large quantities of gas.  The gas is typically used to drive a turbine rather than to provide thrust as in a rocket engine.  Gas generators of this type are used to power turbopumps in rocket engines, in a gas-generator cycle.

It is also used by some auxiliary power units to power electric generators and hydraulic pumps.

Another common use of the term is in the industrial gases industry, where gas generators are used to produce gaseous chemicals for sale. For example, the chemical oxygen generator, which delivers breathable oxygen at a controlled rate over a prolonged period.

Other types include the gas generator in an automobile airbag, which is designed to rapidly produce a specific quantity of inert gas.
Banteay Kdei
Banteay Kdei (Khmer: ប្រាសាទបន្ទាយក្តី; Prasat Banteay Kdei, lit. 'A Citadel of Chambers'), also known as "Citadel of Monks' cells", is a Buddhist temple in Angkor, Cambodia. It is located southeast of Ta Prohm and east of Angkor Thom. Built in the mid-12th to early 13th centuries AD during the reign of Jayavarman VII (who was posthumously given the title "Maha paramasangata pada"), it is in the Bayon architectural style, similar in plan to Ta Prohm and Preah Khan, but less complex and smaller. Its structures are contained within two successive enclosure walls, and consist of two concentric galleries from which emerge towers, preceded to the east by a cloister.

This Buddhist monastic complex is currently dilapidated due to faulty construction and poor quality of sandstone used in its buildings, and is now undergoing renovation. Banteay Kdei had been occupied by monks at various intervals over the centuries until the 1960s.

CyArk
CyArk (from "cyber archive") is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization located in Oakland, California, United States founded in 2003. CyArk's mission is to "digitally record, archive and share the world's most significant cultural heritage and ensure that these places continue to inspire wonder and curiosity for decades to come."

CyArk's founder, Ben Kacyra, stated during his speech at the 2011 TED Conference that the organization was created in response to increasing human and natural threats to heritage sites, and to ensure the "collective human memory" is not lost while making it available through modern dissemination tools like the internet and mobile platforms.

The organization is known for its work with a number of partners in producing high-quality digital scanning of World Heritage Sites, such as Angkor Wat, Pompeii, Chichen Itza, the Eastern Qing tombs, Nineveh, the Antonine Wall, Mount Rushmore, and many others.
Troublesome Creek (Missouri)
Troublesome Creek is a stream in Knox, Lewis and Marion counties in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of the South Fabius River.

The stream headwaters arise in Knox County adjacent to Missouri Route 15 north of Edina at 40°12′49″N 92°10′35″W﻿ / ﻿40.21361°N 92.17639°W﻿ / 40.21361; -92.17639 and it flows to the southeast. It crosses under Missouri Route 6 east of Edina and on to the south of Knox City and enters Lewis County south of La Belle. It crosses Missouri Route 156 northeast of Steffenville and enters Marion County northeast of the community of Nelsonville. It passes south of the community of Naomi and enters the South Fabius south of the community of Hester at 39°54′17″N 91°37′17″W﻿ / ﻿39.90472°N 91.62139°W﻿ / 39.90472; -91.62139.

Troublesome Creek was so named on account of its frequent flash floods.

Lewis County, Missouri
Lewis County is a county located in the northeastern portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,032. Its county seat is Monticello. The county was organized January 2, 1833, and named for Meriwether Lewis, the explorer and Governor of the Louisiana Territory.

Lewis County is part of the Quincy, IL–MO Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Wilson fermion
In lattice field theory, Wilson fermions are a fermion discretization that allows to avoid the fermion doubling problem proposed by Kenneth Wilson in 1974. They are widely used, for instance in lattice QCD calculations.

An additional so-called Wilson term

is introduced supplementing the naively discretized Dirac action in -dimensional Euclidean spacetime with lattice spacing , Dirac fields  at every lattice point , and the vectors  being unit vectors in the  direction. The inverse free fermion propagator in momentum space now reads

where the last addend corresponds to the Wilson term again. It modifies the mass  of the doublers to

where  is the number of momentum components with . In the continuum limit
 the doublers become very heavy and decouple from the theory.

Wilson fermions do not contradict the Nielsen–Ninomiya theorem because they explicitly violate chiral symmetry since the Wilson term does not anti-commute with .

Kenneth G. Wilson
Kenneth Geddes "Ken" Wilson (June 8, 1936 – June 15, 2013) was an American theoretical physicist and a pioneer in using computers for studying particle physics. He was awarded the 1982 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on phase transitions—illuminating the subtle essence of phenomena like melting ice and emerging magnetism.  It was embodied in his fundamental work on the renormalization group.