hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mecosta
Mecosta was a 19th-century Potawatomi chief. His name in the Potawatomi language was Mkozdé, meaning "Having a Bear's Foot" but the name was recorded in English to mean "Big Bear."

Mecosta was born near what is today Big Rapids, Michigan. Mecosta County, Michigan is named for him.

Mecosta is best known as a signer of the Treaty of Logansport (7 Stat. 501) on April 22, 1836, which ceded lands reserved in the Treaty of Tippecanoe, and began the removal of Mecosta's band of Potawatomi from Indiana to lands west of the Mississippi River, as part of the Potawatomi Trail of Death.

The following places in Michigan are directly or indirectly named for the chief:

Lake Mecosta in Mecosta County, Michigan

Mecosta, Michigan

Mecosta County, Michigan

Mecosta Township, Michigan

United States Statutes at Large
The United States Statutes at Large, commonly referred to as the Statutes at Large and abbreviated Stat., are an official record of Acts of Congress and concurrent resolutions passed by the United States Congress.

Each act and resolution of Congress is originally published as a slip law, which is classified as either public law (abbreviated Pub.L.) or private law (Pvt.L.), and designated and numbered accordingly. At the end of a congressional session, the statutes enacted during that session are compiled into bound books, known as "session law" publications. The United States Statutes at Large is the name of the session law publication for U.S. Federal statutes. The public laws and private laws are numbered and organized in chronological order.

U.S. Federal statutes are published in a three-part process, consisting of slip laws, session laws (Statutes at Large), and codification (United States Code).
The Butler Twins
The Butler Twins were an American Detroit blues and electric blues duo of the twin brothers Clarence (January 21, 1942 – December 22, 2003) and Curtis Butler (January 21, 1942 – April 9, 2004). Longtime semiprofessional performers in the local blues scene in Detroit, they gained international recognition following the recording of three albums in the late 1990s. Their best-known track was "The Butler's Boogie".

Electric blues
Electric blues is blues music distinguished by the use of electric amplification for musical instruments.  The guitar was the first instrument to be popularly amplified and used by early pioneers T-Bone Walker in the late 1930s and John Lee Hooker and Muddy Waters in the 1940s.  Their styles developed into West Coast blues, Detroit blues, and post-World War II Chicago blues, which differed from earlier, predominantly acoustic-style blues.  By the early 1950s, Little Walter was a featured soloist on blues harmonica using a small hand-held microphone fed into a guitar amplifier.  Although it took a little longer, the electric bass guitar gradually replaced the stand-up bass by the early 1960s.  Keyboards, especially electric organs and electric pianos, later became widely used in electric blues.
Günther von Lojewski
Günther von Lojewski (German: [ˈɡʏntɐ fɔn loˈjɛfski]; 11 July 1935 – 26 February 2023) was a German political journalist, television presenter and author. He worked as a journalist for the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, the ZDF and Bayerischer Rundfunk. From 1989 to 1997, he was head of the Sender Freies Berlin, and afterwards taught at the Freie Universität Berlin.

Der Tagesspiegel
Der Tagesspiegel (lit. 'The Daily Mirror') is a German daily newspaper. It has regional correspondent offices in Washington, D.C., and Potsdam. Der Tagesspiegel is a liberal newspaper that is classified as centrist media in the context of German politics.
Joseph Sweda
Joseph Sweda (January 3, 1926 – April 1, 2015) was an American farmer and politician.

Born in Lublin, Wisconsin, Sweda went to Withee High School and then served in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. Sweda was a farmer and had a business with his brothers hauling gravel and wood products. He served as chairman of the Roosevelt Town Board, on the Taylor County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, on the fire district board, and was a Democrat. Sweda served in the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1963 to 1974. He was appointed Wisconsin Highway Commissioner and later was Wisconsin Transportation Commissioner. Sweda died in Thorp, Wisconsin.

Taylor County, Wisconsin
Taylor County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 19,913. Its county seat is Medford. It is mostly rural, lying roughly where corn and dairy farms to the south give way to forest and swamp to the north.
Mykola Murashko
Mykola Ivanovych Murashko (Ukrainian: Микола Іванович Мурашко, romanized: Mykola Ivanovych Murashko; 20 May 1844 in Glukhov, Chernigov Governorate, Russian Empire – 22 September 1909 in Bucha, Kiev Governorate, Russian Empire) was a Ukrainian painter, art teacher, art critic and art historian, who belonged to promoters of the Russian movement of Peredvizhniki; he was a student and successor of painter Adrian Prakhov at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, the founder and the first director of his own private drawing school in Kyiv and memoirist.

Murashko was one of the best friends of Ukrainian painter Ilya Repin. His nephew Oleksandr Murashko was an artist and one of the first members of the National Academy of Arts of Ukraine.

Chernigov Governorate
Chernigov Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire. It was officially created in 1802 from the disbanded Little Russia Governorate and had its capital in Chernigov.

Its borders encompassed the modern Chernihiv Oblast, but also included a large section of Sumy Oblast and smaller sections of the Kyiv Oblast of Ukraine, in addition to a large part of Bryansk Oblast of Russia.

From 1918 to 1925, it was referred to as Chernihiv Governorate as part of Ukrainian successor states of the Russian Empire during and after the civil war, namely of the Ukrainian People's Republic, the Ukrainian State and the Ukrainian SSR.
Racing de Olavarría
Racing Athletic Club is an Argentine sports club located in Olavarría, Buenos Aires Province. The club is mostly known for its football team, which currently plays in Torneo Argentino A, the regionalised third division of Argentine football league system.

Apart from football, other sports practised at the institution are tennis, basketball, softball, bicycle racing, racquetball and bowls.

Bowls
Bowls, also known as lawn bowls or lawn bowling, is a sport in which players try to roll their ball (called a bowl) closest to a smaller ball (known as a "jack" or sometimes a "kitty"). The bowls are shaped (biased), so that they follow a curved path when being rolled. The game is played either in teams or one against one.

The game was first played in the 13th century. The game is played on grass, although other surfaces are sometimes used. Matches are held either until one player gets to a score, or when a number of ends are played.

The game is mostly played on a bowling green, which can vary by the type of bowls being played. Whilst the game is often played outdoors, there are indoor bowling venues, and can also be played on rollable carpets. For outdoor games, this is usually on grass; however, it can also be played on cotula in New Zealand.
Um Vichet
Um Vichet (Khmer: អ៊ុំ វិចិត្រ, romanized: ’Ŭm Vĭchĕt; born 27 November 1990) is a Cambodian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Cambodian Premier League club Phnom Penh Crown and the Cambodia national team. His younger brother Um Sereyroth is also a footballer who also plays as a goalkeeper.

Cambodia national football team
The Cambodia national football team (Khmer: ក្រុមបាល់ទាត់ជម្រើសជាតិកម្ពុជា, Krŏm Băltoăt Chômreus Chéatĕ Kâmpŭchéa) is the men's national football team that represents Cambodia in association football. It is affiliated with the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) and the regional ASEAN Football Federation (AFF). The team was founded in 1954 and is administered by the Football Federation of Cambodia (FFC).
2007–08 Maltese Premier League
The 2007–08 Maltese Premier League (known as the BOV Premier League for sponsorship reasons) was the 28th season of the Maltese Premier League, and the 93rd season of top-level league football in Malta. Valletta won their nineteenth league title overcoming last season's champions, Marsaxlokk.

Marsaxlokk F.C.
Marsaxlokk Football Club is a Maltese professional football club from the town of Marsaxlokk, which currently plays in the BOV Premier League. The club was founded in 1949. Marsaxlokk won the Maltese Premier League title for the first time in their history, after finishing as league champions for the 2006–07 season. Marsaxlokk has its headquarters at Triq il-Kavalleriza, Mxlokk redoubt.
Roberto Zaldívar
Roberto Zaldivar (born May 27, 1957) is an Argentine doctor of ophthalmology and a refractive surgeon. He is credited with several breakthroughs in the use of laser to correct visual impairments. Zaldivar is credited for a technique called bioptics, a term he introduced. He is the president of the Instituto Zaldivar in Argentina, and the founder and first president of the Argentine Society of Cataract and Refractive and Corneal Surgery. He also introduced excimer laser technology to Latin America, and was the first in the world to implant the first collamer implantable lens in a patient, for which he has been considered a pioneer of phakic intraocular lenses (ICL).

Phakic intraocular lens
A phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) is an intraocular lens that is implanted surgically into the eye to correct refractive errors without removing the natural lens (also known as "phakos", hence the term). Intraocular lenses that are implanted into eyes after the eye's natural lens has been removed during cataract surgery are known as pseudophakic.

Phakic intraocular lenses are indicated for patients with high refractive errors when the usual laser options for surgical correction (LASIK and PRK) are contraindicated. Phakic IOLs are designed to correct high myopia ranging from −5 to −20 D if the patient has enough anterior chamber depth (ACD) of at least 3 mm.

Three types of phakic IOLs are available:

Angle-supported

Iris-fixated

Sulcus-supported intraocular lens
Leila Fowler
Chief Leila Euphemia Apinke Fowler, MFR (23 March 1933 – September 2025) was a Nigerian educationalist who founded a school. She was awarded the Nigerian chieftaincy of Yeye Mofin of Lagos by Adeyinka Oyekan, that kingdom's monarch.

Nigerian Chieftaincy
The Nigerian Chieftaincy is the chieftaincy system that is native to Nigeria. Consisting of everything from the country's monarchs to its titled family elders, the chieftaincy as a whole is one of the oldest continuously existing institutions in Nigeria and is legally recognized by its government.
Barga–Gallicano railway station
Barga–Gallicano railway station (Italian: Stazione di Barga–Gallicano) is a railway station located in the Tuscany region of central Italy serving the comunes of Barga and Gallicano. The station is situated roughly midway between the two towns from which it takes its name, in the Mologno frazione of Barga, on the east bank of the Serchio river.

Barga–Gallicano forms part of the Lucca–Aulla railway. The station is served exclusively by regional trains operated by Trenitalia, whilst the station itself is managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI), both of which are subsidiaries of Italy's state-owned rail company Ferrovie dello Stato (FS).

Regions of Italy
The regions of Italy (Italian: regioni d'Italia) are the first-level administrative divisions of the Italian Republic, constituting its second NUTS administrative level. There are twenty regions, five of which are autonomous regions with special status. Under the Constitution of Italy, each region is an autonomous entity with defined powers. With the exception of the Aosta Valley (since 1945) and Friuli-Venezia Giulia (since 2015), each region is divided into a number of provinces.
The Great Land of Small
The Great Land of Small (French: C'est pas parce qu'on est petit qu'on peut pas être grand!) is a 1986 Canadian fantasy children's film. It was written by David Sigmund and directed by Vojtěch Jasný. The film starred Michael J. Anderson in one of his first roles. The film is the fifth in the Tales for All (Contes Pour Tous) series of children's movies created by Les Productions la Fête.

Vojtěch Jasný
Vojtěch Jasný (30 November 1925 – 15 November 2019) was a Czech director, screenwriter and professor who has written and directed over 50 films. Jasný made feature and documentary films in Czechoslovakia, Germany, Austria, USA & Canada, and was a notable figure in the Czechoslovak New Wave movement of the 1960s. He is best remembered for his movies The Cassandra Cat and All My Compatriots, both of which won prizes at Cannes Film Festival. In addition to his film career, he taught directing at film schools in Salzburg, Vienna, Munich and New York.
Don Pottery
53°29′21.34″N 1°17′57.46″W﻿ / ﻿53.4892611°N 1.2992944°W﻿ / 53.4892611; -1.2992944﻿ (Don Pottery)

The Don Pottery was a 19th-century manufacturer of earthenware, whose factory was located in the town of Swinton in South Yorkshire, England, on the River Don. It is not to be confused with the Swinton Pottery.

River Don, Yorkshire
The River Don (also called River Dun in some stretches) is a river in South Yorkshire and the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It rises in the Pennines, west of Dunford Bridge, and flows for 69 miles (111 km) eastwards, through the Don Valley, via Penistone, Sheffield, Rotherham, Mexborough, Conisbrough, Doncaster and Stainforth. It originally joined the Trent, but was re-engineered by Cornelius Vermuyden as the Dutch River in the 1620s, and now joins the River Ouse at Goole. Don Valley is a UK parliamentary constituency near the Doncaster stretch of the river.
1902 Balmain South state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Balmain South on 6 December 1902 because of the resignation of Sydney Law from Labour and the parliament. Following the 1901 election, the Progressive Party had formed a government with the support of Labour. In 1902 a man named Moss Friedman had been found guilty by a jury, however the judge disagreed with the guilty verdict. The Attorney General, Bernhard Wise, remitted Friedman's sentence and Joseph Carruthers, the Leader of the Opposition, moved a motion in the Legislative Assembly to censure Wise. Law voted in support of the motion despite a Labour decision to oppose it. Law chose to resign and recontest the seat as an Independent Labour candidate.

Attorney General of New South Wales
The attorney general of New South Wales, in formal contexts also attorney-general or attorney general for New South Wales and usually known simply as the attorney general, is a minister in the Government of New South Wales who has responsibility for the administration of justice in New South Wales, Australia. In addition, the attorney general is one of the Law Officers of the Crown. Along with the subordinate solicitor general, crown advocate, and crown solicitor, the attorney general serves as the chief legal and constitutional adviser of the Crown and Government of New South Wales.

The current attorney general, since 28 March 2023, is Michael Daley.

The attorney general and the ministers administer the portfolio through the Stronger Communities cluster, in particular the Department of Communities and Justice and a range of other government agencies.

Ultimately, the attorney general and the ministers are responsible to the Parliament of New South Wales.
Curt Smith
Curt Smith (born 24 June 1961) is an English singer, songwriter, musician, and record producer. He is best known as the co-lead vocalist, bassist, and co-founding member of the pop rock band Tears for Fears along with childhood friend Roland Orzabal. Smith has co-written several of the band's songs, and sings lead vocals on the hits "Mad World", "Pale Shelter", "Change", "The Way You Are", "Everybody Wants to Rule the World", and "Advice for the Young at Heart".

After his departure from Tears for Fears in 1991, Smith pursued a solo career and released his debut studio album, Soul on Board, in 1993. In total, he has released five studio albums and one EP, and has also dabbled in acting. He rejoined Tears for Fears in 2000.

Gary Jules
Gary Jules Aguirre Jr. (born March 19, 1969) is an American singer-songwriter, known primarily for his cover version of the Tears for Fears song "Mad World", which he recorded with his friend Michael Andrews for the film Donnie Darko. It became the UK Christmas number-one single of 2003.
Anuja Chandra-Thakur
Anuja Chandra-Thakur (born 1983) is an Indian amateur player of snooker and English billiards.

She won the WLBSA Ladies World Billiards Championship title in April 2005, in a 243–136 victory over Lynette Horsburgh of Scotland, and reached the semi-final at the 2006 IBSF World Snooker Championship in Amman, Jordan, where she was eliminated by Jaique Ip 4–2.

2006 IBSF World Snooker Championship
The 2006 IBSF World Snooker Championship was an amateur snooker event, sanctioned by the International Billiards and Snooker Federation, held at the Amman Olympics Sports Centre in Amman, Jordan from November 5-November 15, 2006.
John Fleming (Canadian politician)
John Patrick Fleming (June 29, 1819 – January 21, 1877) was an Ontario businessman and political figure. He represented Waterloo South in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Liberal member from 1875 to 1877.

Fleming was born in Dunfermline, Scotland in 1819 and grew up there, coming to Upper Canada around 1835 with his family. He worked for James Coleman at Dundas and then, in 1846, opened a grocery business in Galt with Andrew Elliott. After Elliott left the partnership, he took on William Robinson as a partner and added a distillery, soap factory and mills to the business. Fleming also opened a book and stationery store with Alexander Elmslie. In 1851, he married Mary Moir. He was president of the Gore District Fire Insurance and also served as town councillor and reeve for Galt. He was warden for Waterloo County in 1869. Fleming died in office in 1877 after suffering a stroke a few days earlier.

Waterloo County
Waterloo County was a county in Canada West in the United Province of Canada from 1853 until 1867, then in the Canadian province of Ontario from 1867 until 1973. It was the direct predecessor of the Regional Municipality of Waterloo.

Situated on a subset of land within the Haldimand Tract, Waterloo County consisted of five townships: Woolwich, Wellesley, Wilmot, Waterloo, and North Dumfries. The major population centres were Waterloo, Kitchener (known as Berlin prior to 1916), Preston, Hespeler, Blair, and Doon in Waterloo township; Galt in North Dumfries; Elmira in Woolwich; and New Hamburg in Wilmot. All are now part of the Regional Municipality.
2023 Jiangxi Open – Singles
Kateřina Siniaková defeated Marie Bouzková in the final, 1–6, 7–6(7–5), 7–6(7–4) to win the singles tennis title at the 2023 Jiangxi Open. She saved three championship points en route to her fifth WTA Tour singles title.

Rebecca Peterson was the reigning champion from when the event was last held in 2019, but did not participate this year.

Amina Anshba
Amina Vladikovna Anshba (Russian: Амина Владиковна Аншба; born 9 September 1999) is a Russian tennis player.

Anshba has career-high WTA rankings of 278 in singles and 71 in doubles, achieved August 2021 and July 2024, respectively. She has won two doubles titles on the WTA Challenger Tour along with five singles and 27 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.
Benralizumab
Benralizumab, sold under the brand name Fasenra, is a monoclonal antibody directed against the alpha chain of the interleukin-5 receptor (CD125). It was developed by MedImmune for the treatment of asthma. It is currently marketed by Astrazeneca.

Two phase III clinical trials of benralizumab reported meeting their primary endpoints in 2016. It was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in November 2017 for the treatment of severe eosinophilic asthma. It was granted designation as an orphan drug by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of eosinophilic oesophagitis in August 2019.

Common adverse effects include injection site reactions, which were reported in 2.2% of patients (vs. 1.9% for placebo) in clinical trials.

Eosinophilic esophagitis
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an allergic inflammatory condition of the esophagus that involves eosinophils, a type of white blood cell.  In healthy individuals, the esophagus is typically devoid of eosinophils. In EoE, eosinophils migrate to the esophagus in large numbers. When a trigger food is eaten, the eosinophils contribute to tissue damage and inflammation. Symptoms include swallowing difficulty, food impaction, vomiting, and heartburn.

Eosinophilic esophagitis was first described in children but also occurs in adults. The condition is poorly understood, but food allergy may play a significant role. The treatment may consist of removing known or suspected triggers and medication to suppress the immune response. In severe cases, it may be necessary to enlarge the esophagus with an endoscopy procedure.

While knowledge about EoE has been increasing rapidly, diagnosing it can be challenging because the symptoms and histopathologic findings are not specific.
Del (command)
In computing, del (or erase) is a command in command-line interpreters (shells) such as COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe, 4DOS, NDOS, 4OS2, 4NT and Windows PowerShell. It is used to delete one or more files or directories from a file system.

Shell (computing)
An operating system shell is a computer program that provides relatively broad and direct access to the system on which it runs. The term shell refers to how it is a relatively thin layer around an operating system.

Most shells are command-line interface (CLI) programs. Some graphical user interfaces (GUI) also include shells.
Charles R. Bentley
Charles Raymond Bentley (December 23, 1929 – August 19, 2017) was an American glaciologist and geophysicist, born in Rochester, New York. He was a professor emeritus at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.  Mount Bentley and the Bentley Subglacial Trench in Antarctica are named after him. In 1957, he and a handful of other scientists including Mario Giovinetto set out on an expedition across West Antarctica in tracked vehicles to make the first measurements of the ice sheet.

He was awarded the Seligman Crystal by the International Glaciological Society in 1990. He died on August 19, 2017, at the age of 87 in Oakland, California.

Glaciology
Glaciology (from Latin  glacies 'frost, ice' and Ancient Greek  λόγος (logos) 'subject matter'; lit. 'study of ice') is the scientific study of glaciers, or, more generally, ice and natural phenomena that involve ice.

Glaciology is an interdisciplinary Earth science that integrates geophysics, geology, physical geography, geomorphology, climatology, meteorology, hydrology, biology, and ecology. The impact of glaciers on people includes the fields of human geography and anthropology. The discoveries of water ice on the Moon, Mars, Europa and Pluto add an extraterrestrial component to the field, which is referred to as "astroglaciology".
Ben Pakulski
Benjamin "Ben" Pakulski (born March 18, 1981, in Toronto, Ontario), nicknamed the Pak-Man, is a Canadian IFBB professional bodybuilder and winner of the 2008 Mr. Canada competition. In the IFBB, he finished 2nd twice in 2008. He has increased his standing in the Arnold Classic competition, placing 2nd in 2013, after a 4th-place finish in 2012 and a 10th-place finish in 2011. In the 2012 Mr. Olympia contest, his first-ever, he finished 11th.

International Fitness and Bodybuilding Federation
The International Fitness and Bodybuilding Federation (IFBB) is an international professional sports governing body for bodybuilding and fitness. Headquartered in Las Rozas de Madrid, it oversees many of the sport's major international events, notably the World and Continental Championships.