hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Głębokie
The Battle of Głębokie took place during the Polish–Soviet War (1919–21). It took place near the town of Głębokie (modern Hlybokaye, Belarus)[a], 80 kilometres (50 mi) south-west of Polotsk, between July 4 and July 6, 1920. It was a part of a larger offensive by three armies of Red Army's Western Front, aimed at encircling the 1st Polish Army operating in central Belarus. In the battle both sides suffered heavy losses. While the town of Głębokie was captured by the Soviets, they failed at outflanking the Polish defenders. Because of that, the battle, being  less decisive than the Soviets hoped for, was both a tactical victory and a strategic defeat for them.

Because the Polish defenders did not realise that the town of Głębokie was the focal point of the entire Soviet operation, the battle was initially known in Polish historiography as battle on the Avuta (Polish: bitwa nad Autą), after a small tributary of the Dysna River, where most of the fighting actually took place.

Dysna
The Dysna (Belarusian: Дзісна, romanized: Dzisna; Russian: Дисна, romanized: Disna) is a river that flows through Lithuania and Belarus into the Daugava River near the town of Dzisna.

The river originates from Lake Parsvėtas, near Dūkštas, Ignalina district municipality. It flows through Lake Dysnai and Lake Dysnykštis. Near Kačergiškės it turns east and for 39 km flows along the Lithuanian-Belarusian border. The length of the Dysna in Lithuania is 17 km. One of the lakes in the basin area is Lake Drūkšiai that used to support the now decommissioned Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant.

The Dysna's largest tributaries are the Birvėta, Golbica, Janka, Berezovka, and Mnuta.
Fred Guardineer
Frederick B. Guardineer (October 3, 1913 – September 13, 2002) was an American illustrator and comic book writer-artist best known for his work in the 1930s and 1940s during what historians and fans call the Golden Age of Comic Books, and for his 1950s art on the Western comic-book series The Durango Kid.

A pioneer of the medium itself, Guardineer contributed two features to the seminal Action Comics #1, the comic book that introduced Superman.

Golden Age of Comic Books
The Golden Age of Comic Books describes an era in the history of American comic books from 1938 to 1956. During this time, modern comic books were first published and rapidly increased in popularity. The superhero archetype was created and many well-known characters were introduced, including Superman, Batman, Robin, Captain Marvel, Captain America, and Wonder Woman.
Darboux's theorem (analysis)
In mathematics, Darboux's theorem is a theorem in real analysis, named after Jean Gaston Darboux. It states that every function that results from the differentiation of another function has the intermediate value property: the image of an interval is also an interval.

When  is continuously differentiable (i.e. ), this is a consequence of the intermediate value theorem. But even when  is not continuous, Darboux's theorem places a severe restriction on what it can be.

Image (mathematics)
In mathematics, for a function , the image is a relation between inputs and outputs, used in three related ways:

The image of an input value  is the single output value produced by  when passed  . The preimage of an output value  is the set of input values that produce .

More generally, evaluating  at each element of a given subset  of its domain  produces a set, called the "image of  under (or through) ". Similarly, the inverse image (or preimage) of a given subset  of the codomain  is the set of all elements of  that map to a member of

The image of the function  is the set of all output values it may produce, that is, the image of . The preimage of  is the preimage of the codomain . Because it always equals  (the domain of ), it is rarely used.

Image and inverse image may also be defined for general binary relations, not just functions.
Pristimantis simoterus
Pristimantis simoterus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia and known from the Cordillera Central in the Caldas, Risaralda, Quindío, and Tolima Departments. Common name Albania robber frog has been coined for it. The specific name simoterus is derived from Greek simos meaning "snub-nosed", in reference to the short snout of this species.

Risaralda Department
Risaralda (Spanish pronunciation: [risaˈɾalda]) is a department of Colombia. It is located in the western central of the country, in the Andean region, It is part of the Coffee axis with Caldas and Quindío. Its capital is Pereira. Risaralda is very well known for the high quality of its coffee, and a booming industry: automotive, clothes, food, trading of goods and services.

It was divided from the department of Caldas in 1966. The territory is very mountainous and has many kinds of climates in a very small area. Its proximity to harbours such as Buenaventura on the Pacific Region and to the biggest cities in Colombia – Bogotá, Cali, Medellín – makes it a fast-growing economic centre.
Task Force 76
Expeditionary Strike Group SEVEN/Task Force 76 (Amphibious Force U.S. SEVENTH Fleet) is a United States Navy task force. It is part of the United States Seventh Fleet and the USN's only permanently forward-deployed expeditionary strike group. It is based at the White Beach Naval Facility at the end of the Katsuren Peninsula in Uruma City, Okinawa, Japan.

CTF 76 conducts operations throughout the U.S. Seventh Fleet area of operations, which includes the Western Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean.

Katsuren Peninsula
The Katsuren Peninsula (勝連半島, Katsuren hantō; Okinawan: Kacchin) is a peninsula on Okinawa Island. It is bordered by Nakagusuku Bay to the south, Kin Bay to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the east. The entire peninsula is part of Uruma City. Katsuren Castle is on the south-central part of the peninsula. The Kaichū Dōro is a road connecting the Katsuren Peninsula to Henza Island. Offshore, coral reefs are found.
Comtoyou Racing
JNVS Sprl, competing as Comtoyou Racing, is a Belgian auto racing team based in Waterloo, Belgium. Upon its creation the team raced in the Fun Cup. The team has also previously raced in the TCR International Series in 2017. Between 2018 and 2023 Comtoyou Racing represented Audi Sport in the World Touring Car Cup. From 2024 on the team will race Aston Martin cars in various GT3 and GT4 championships.

2022 TCR Europe Touring Car Series
The 2022 TCR Europe Touring Car Series was the sixth season of TCR Europe Touring Car Series. The season began at the Algarve International Circuit in May and ended at the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya in October.
Lophocampa annulosa
Lophocampa annulosa, the Santa Ana tussock moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1855. It is found in the south-western US (southern Texas, southern Arizona), Mexico, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru, Suriname, Brazil, Honduras, Argentina and Trinidad.

Larvae have been recorded feeding on Aegiphila falcata.

South Texas
South Texas is a geographic and cultural region of the U.S. state of Texas that lies roughly south of—and includes—San Antonio. It is bordered by the Rio Grande,to the south and west, and by the Gulf of Mexico to the east. The population of this region is more than 5 million according to the 2024 census estimates. The southern portion of this region is often referred to as the Rio Grande Valley. The eastern portion along the Gulf of Mexico is also referred to as the Coastal Bend.

Greater Houston and Beaumont–Port Arthur are occasionally tied to the region because they are on the southern end of the state and for businesses that use "South Texas" in its name. (i.e. South Texas School of Law, South Texas State Fair, etc.). However, the two are more commonly associated with East Texas or Southeast Texas.
Kitezh
56°49′8.1″N 45°5′34.6″E﻿ / ﻿56.818917°N 45.092944°E﻿ / 56.818917; 45.092944
Kitezh (Russian: Ки́теж) is a legendary and mythical city beneath the waters of Lake Svetloyar in the Voskresensky District of the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast in central Russia. Reference to Kitezh appears for the first time in Kitezh Chronicle, an anonymous book from the late 18th century, believed to have originated among the Old Believers.

Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (Russian: Нижегородская область, romanized: Nizhegorodskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Nizhny Novgorod. It has a population of 3,119,115 as of the 2021 Census. From 1932 to 1990, it was known as Gorky Oblast (Russian: Горьковская область).

The oblast is crossed by the Volga River. Apart from Nizhny Novgorod's metropolitan area (including Dzerzhinsk, Bor and Kstovo) the biggest city is Arzamas. Near the town of Sarov there is the Serafimo-Diveyevsky Monastery, one of the largest convents in Russia, established by Saint Seraphim of Sarov. The Makaryev Monastery opposite of the town of Lyskovo used to be the location of the largest fair in Eastern Europe. Other historic towns include Gorodets and Balakhna, located on the Volga to the north from Nizhny Novgorod.
Maha Prachandaru
Maha Prachandaru (pronunciationⓘ) is a 1981 Indian Kannada-language heist film, directed by Joe Simon and produced by R. Thimmaiah, M. Krishna, Revanna and Shantha S. Karmore. The film stars Vishnuvardhan, Ambareesh, Kumari Vinaya and Halam in lead roles. The film had musical score by Upendra Kumar. The movie is based on novel Vigraha Choraru by Vijay Sasanur. The concept of the movie was later used in the 2008 film Navagraha.

Upendra Kumar
Upendra Kumar (18 July 1941 – 24 January 2002) was an Indian composer who predominantly worked in Kannada films. He was known for his strong association with Rajkumar and his family and scored some of his career best compositions for the films featuring Rajkumar and his sons. He had scored for 210 films mainly in Kannada, in addition to Odia, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Tulu films.
Matúš Holenda
Matúš Holenda (born 20 April 1995) is a Slovak professional ice hockey defenceman for HC '05 Banská Bystrica of the Slovak Extraliga.

Holenda began his career with his hometown team HK Dukla Trenčín and played 241 games for the team from 2012 to 2019. He also had loan spells with HK Trnava, HK Dukla Senica and HK 95 Panthers Považská Bystrica. On 8 August 2020 Holenda signed for HC Nové Zámky.

Slovak Extraliga
The Slovak Extraliga, known as the Tipsport liga since the 2025–26 season for sponsorship reasons, is the highest-level ice hockey league in Slovakia. From 2018–19 to 2020–21, the league included one or two teams from Hungary.

Teams from the Extraliga can participate in the IIHF's annual Champions Hockey League (CHL). Participation is based on the strength of the various leagues in Europe (excluding the KHL). In the 2022–23 CHL season, the Extraliga was ranked the No. 10 league in Europe, so the champion of the previous season competed in the CHL.

The 1993–94 season was the first of the Slovak Extraliga following the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia midway through the 1992–93 Czechoslovak Extraliga season – which all Slovak and Czech teams played to completion.
Lurg Mhòr
Lurg Mhòr is a remote 986-metre (3,235 ft) mountain, a Munro, in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland at the high point of an east–west range of hills comprising Meall Mor (974 metres), Lurg Mhòr and Bidein a' Choire Sheasgaich (945 metres).

Northwest Highlands
57°30′N 5°0′W﻿ / ﻿57.500°N 5.000°W﻿ / 57.500; -5.000
The Northwest Highlands are located in the northern third of Scotland that is separated from the Grampian Mountains by the Great Glen (Glen More). The region comprises Wester Ross, Assynt, Sutherland and part of Caithness. The Caledonian Canal, which extends from Loch Linnhe in the south-west, via Loch Ness to the Moray Firth in the north-east splits this area from the rest of the country. The city of Inverness and the town of Fort William serve as gateways to the region from the south.
Chuathbaluk Airport
Chuathbaluk Airport (IATA: CHU, ICAO: PACH, FAA LID: 9A3) is a state-owned public-use airport located one nautical mile (1.85 km) northeast of the central business district of Chuathbaluk, a city in the Bethel Census Area of the U.S. state of Alaska.

Bethel Census Area, Alaska
Bethel Census Area is a census area in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2020 census, the population is 18,666, up from 17,013 in 2010. It is part of the unorganized borough and therefore has no borough seat. Its largest community is the city of Bethel, which is also the largest city in the unorganized borough.
Sree Saraswathi Thyagaraja College
Sree Saraswathi Thyagaraja College is an educational institution in Tamil Nadu, India, established in 1997. Situated between Udumalpet and Pollachi, the college offers seven undergraduate and eight postgraduate courses.

It is a co-educational and self-financing institution, affiliated to the Bharathiar University and approved by the AICTE and UGC New Delhi. It has been accredited with ISO 9001:2000 certification.

Udumalaipettai
Udumalaipettai also known as Udumalai, is a town in Tiruppur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located 535 km (332 mi) south west from the state capital, Chennai and 72 km (45 mi) from Coimbatore.It is the headquarters of Udumalaipettai taluk and had a population of 61,133 as per 2011 Census of India. The town comes under the Udumalaipettai Assembly constituency.
La Chailleuse
La Chailleuse (French pronunciation: [la ʃajøz]) is a commune in the Jura department of eastern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2016 and consists of the former communes of Arthenas, Essia, Saint-Laurent-la-Roche and Varessia.

Jura (department)
Jura (/ˈ(d)ʒʊərə/ JOOR-ə, ZHOOR-ə; French: [ʒyʁa] ⓘ) is a department in the northeastern French region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. The department takes its name from the Jura Mountains. Its prefecture is Lons-le-Saunier; subprefectures are Dole and Saint-Claude. In 2019, Jura had a population of 259,199. It has a short portion of the border of Switzerland.
Soyuz TM-24
Soyuz TM-24 was the 27th expedition to Mir. Soyuz TM-24 carried a crew of three. The crew consisted of Cosmonauts Valery Korzun and Aleksandr Kaleri, and the first French woman in space, Claudie André-Deshays. They joined American astronaut Shannon Lucid and Mir 21 crewmates Yuri Onufriyenko and Yuri Usachev. André-Deshays carried out biological and medical experiments on Mir for 16 days (the Cassiopée mission) before returning to Earth with Onufriyenko and Usachev.

Yuri Usachov
Yury Vladimirovich Usachov (Russian: Юрий Владимирович Усачёв; born October 9, 1957) is a former cosmonaut who resides in Star City, Moscow. Usachov is a veteran of four spaceflights, including two long-duration missions on board the Mir Space Station and another on board the International Space Station. During his career, he also conducted seven spacewalks before his retirement on April 5, 2004.
Schaffhouse-sur-Zorn
Schaffhouse-sur-Zorn (German: Schaffhausen an der Zorn, Alsatian: Schàffhüse) is a former commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the commune Hochfelden.

Alsatian dialect
Alsatian (Alsatian: Elsässisch or Elsässerditsch "Alsatian German"; Lorraine Franconian: Elsässerdeitsch; French: Alsacien; German: Elsässisch or Elsässerdeutsch) is the group of Alemannic German and Franconian dialects spoken in most of Alsace, a formerly disputed region in eastern France that has passed between French and German control five times since 1681.
Iodine monochloride
Iodine monochloride is an interhalogen compound with the formula ICl. It is a red-brown chemical compound that melts near room temperature.  Because of the difference in the electronegativity of iodine and chlorine, this molecule is highly polar and behaves as a source of I+. Discovered in 1814 by Gay-Lussac, iodine monochloride is the first interhalogen compound discovered.

Melting
Melting, or fusion, is a physical process that results in the phase transition of a substance from a solid to a liquid. This occurs when the internal energy of the solid increases, typically by the application of heat or pressure, which increases the substance's temperature to the melting point. At the melting point, the ordering of ions or molecules in the solid breaks down to a less ordered state, and the solid melts to become a liquid.

Substances in the molten state generally have reduced viscosity as the temperature increases. An exception to this principle is elemental sulfur, whose viscosity increases in the range of 130 °C to 190 °C due to polymerization.

Some organic compounds melt through mesophases, states of partial order between solid and liquid.
Brady Poppinga
Brady Paul Poppinga (born September 21, 1979) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the BYU Cougars. Poppinga played in the NFL for the Green Bay Packers, St. Louis Rams, and Dallas Cowboys. With the Packers, he won Super Bowl XLV over the Pittsburgh Steelers.

BYU Cougars football
The BYU Cougars football team is the college football program representing Brigham Young University (BYU) in Provo, Utah. The Cougars began collegiate football competition in 1922, and have won 23 conference championships and one national championship in 1984.

The team has competed in several different athletic conferences during its history, from July 1, 2011 to June 30, 2022, they competed as an FBS Independent.  On September 10, 2021, the Big 12 Conference unanimously accepted BYU's application to the conference. BYU officially joined the Big 12 on July 1, 2023.

The team plays home games at the 62,073 seat LaVell Edwards Stadium, named after head coach LaVell Edwards who won 19 conference championships, seven bowl games, and one national championship (1984) while coaching at BYU.
Listed buildings in Scotforth (parish)
Scotforth is a civil parish in Lancaster, Lancashire, England. It does not include the suburb of Scotforth. It contains five listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  All of the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".  The parish is mainly rural, and four of the listed buildings are houses, farmhouses and farm buildings.  The other listed structure is a bridge crossing the River Conder that passes through the parish.

River Conder
The River Conder is a river in the English county of Lancashire.

The source of the River Conder is a spring at Conder Head on Black Fell near Littledale, from where the stream briefly runs north, then west through Cragg Wood. The river then skirts around Quernmore in a southwesterly direction through a disproportionately wide valley, created by glacial action.

The river runs through Ellel and Galgate before turning to the north-west, flowing into the Lune estuary between Conder Green and Glasson Dock.

The river supplies most of the water for the Glasson Branch of the Lancaster Canal.

The name of the river was recorded in the 13th century as Kondover and Kondoure, being derived from Brythonic and meaning "crooked waters".
His Majesty the King's Guard 3rd Company
The His Majesty the King's Guard 3. Company (Norwegian: Hans Majestet Kongens 3. Gardekompani) is a renowned military band and drill unit the Norwegian Armed Forces. It is attached to the Hans Majestet Kongens Garde or The King's Guard, acting as its unit band and drill team. The band and drill unit is based out of Huseby Leir in the capital Oslo where its area of responsibility is. It is a renowned unit that is famous around the world for its participation in international military tattoos. In its activities, it participates in parades and ceremonies for HM Harald V of Norway) and Norwegian members of the House of Glücksburg. It also supports the government and the military, specifically increasing the esprit de corps in army units as well as in the public. The concert season usually lasts from December to March/April while the marching season lasts until September.

Morale
Morale (/məˈræl/ mə-RAL, UK also /-ˈrɑːl/ -⁠RAHL) is the capacity of a group's members to maintain belief in an institution or goal, particularly in the face of opposition or hardship. Morale is often referenced by authority figures as a generic value judgment of the willpower, obedience, and self-discipline of a group tasked with performing duties assigned by a superior. According to Alexander H. Leighton, "morale is the capacity of a group of people to pull together persistently and consistently in pursuit of a common purpose". With good morale, a force will be less likely to give up or surrender. Deliberately attempting to reduce another group's morale is called demoralization.  Morale is usually assessed at a collective, rather than an individual level. In wartime, civilian morale is also important.
Hessdalen AMS
The Hessdalen Automatic Measurement Station (or Hessdalen AMS) is an automatically working observation station in the Hessdalen area in Holtålen Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is used for registering Hessdalen lights. It has been in service since 7 August 1998, and it is equipped with a magnetometer, two black and white TV cameras, and one colour TV camera.

As the equipment of the station is located in a blue container, it is also known as Blue Box.

The AMS regularly registers light phenomena. Since it only measures a restricted numbers of parameters, it is not able to explain all the recordings.

Phenomenon
A phenomenon  (pl. phenomena), sometimes spelled phaenomenon, is an observable event. The term came into its modern philosophical usage through Immanuel Kant, who contrasted it with the noumenon, which cannot be directly observed. Kant was heavily influenced by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in this part of his philosophy, in which phenomenon and noumenon serve as interrelated technical terms. Far predating this, the ancient Greek Pyrrhonist philosopher Sextus Empiricus also used phenomenon and noumenon as interrelated technical terms.
Oral mucocele
Oral mucocele (also mucous extravasation cyst, mucous cyst of the oral mucosa, and mucous retention and extravasation phenomena) is a condition caused by two related phenomena - mucus extravasation phenomenon and mucous retention cyst.

Mucous extravasation phenomenon is a swelling of connective tissue consisting of a collection of fluid called mucus. This occurs because of a ruptured salivary gland duct usually caused by local trauma (damage) in the case of mucous extravasation phenomenon and an obstructed or ruptured salivary duct in the case of a mucus retention cyst. The mucocele has a bluish, translucent color, and is more commonly found in children and young adults.

Although these lesions are often called cysts, mucoceles are not true cysts because they have no epithelial lining. Rather, they are polyps.

Polyp (medicine)
A polyp is an abnormal growth of tissue projecting from a mucous membrane. Polyps are commonly found in the colon, stomach, nose, ear, sinus(es), urinary bladder, and uterus. They may also occur elsewhere in the body where there are mucous membranes, including the cervix, vocal folds, and small intestine.

If it is attached by a narrow elongated stalk, it is said to be pedunculated; if it is attached without a stalk, it is said to be sessile.

Some polyps are tumors (neoplasms) and others are non-neoplastic, for example hyperplastic or dysplastic, which are benign. The neoplastic ones are usually benign, although some can be pre-malignant, or concurrent with a malignancy.