hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alwyne Cooper Wheeler
Alwyne (Wyn) Wheeler (5 October 1929 – 19 June 2005) was a British ichthyologist who was a curator at the Natural History Museum in London.  He was educated at St Egbert's College, Chingford, and Chingford County High School to Higher School Certificate level, and was unusual in that his subsequent scientific career was achieved despite his never having obtained a university degree.

He joined the London Natural History Society at the age of 13 and served his National Service as a radiographer and medical photographer in the Royal Army Medical Corps in both the United Kingdom and Jamaica, where he joined the Natural History Society of Jamaica. On leaving the army he applied to the Natural History Museum for a post as an Assistant in the Department of Zoology, starting on 1 June 1950 as an assistant in the Fish Section. Wheeler spent his whole career in the Natural History Museum, retiring in 1989.

London Natural History Society
The London Natural History Society (or LNHS as it is commonly known) is a local natural history society within the UK concerned with recording the wildlife of London, covering a circular area covering a 20-mile radius from St. Paul's Cathedral. The society aims include to foster the appreciation and study of London's wildlife and natural environment and assisting in the conservation of wildlife in the London area by helping to record London's wildlife. Society activities include running both indoor and outdoor events throughout the year and producing a number of publications, including the annual London Naturalist and London Bird Report. The LNHS library is housed at the Natural History Museum, London.
SS Gedania
SS Gedania was a steam tanker that was launched in Germany in 1919. Until 1939 she imported oil to Germany for the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey. In 1941 the Kriegsmarine had her converted into a supply ship to support commerce raiders at sea. The Royal Navy captured her on her first naval voyage, and the UK Ministry of War Transport renamed her Empire Garden. In 1947 the South Georgia Company bought her; had her converted into a whaling supply ship and whale oil tanker; and renamed her Southern Garden. She was scrapped in Scotland in 1960.

Whale oil
Whale oil is oil obtained from the blubber of whales. Oil from the bowhead whale was sometimes known as train-oil, which comes from the Dutch word traan ("tear drop").

Sperm oil, a special kind of oil found in the head cavities of sperm whales, differs chemically from ordinary whale oil: it is composed mostly of liquid wax. Its properties and applications differ from those of detergentized whale oil, and it was sold for a higher price.
Goebel Reeves
Goebel Leon Reeves (October 9, 1899 – January 26, 1959) was an American folk singer, born in Sherman, Texas, and raised in Austin.

Reeves' most famous song is "Hobo's Lullaby", covered by various singers, as in Woody at 100: The Woody Guthrie Centennial Collection. Woody Guthrie's son Arlo also sang it, on Hobo's Lullaby. Others include Emmylou Harris, David Carradine, Pete Seeger and Billy Bragg. A 2016 article in the Los Angeles Times called it "one of the most disarmingly endearing train songs ever written" and "inextricably linked with American folk music icon Woody Guthrie".

Reeves appeared in the 1937 Western film The Silver Trail, playing a singer named Hank in an uncredited role.
 He died of a heart attack on January 26, 1959, in the VA Long Beach Healthcare System of Long Beach, California.

Billy Bragg
Stephen William Bragg (born 20 December 1957) is an English singer, songwriter, musician, author and political activist. His music blends elements of folk music, punk rock and protest songs, with lyrics that mostly span political or romantic themes. His activism is centred on social change and left-wing political causes.
Wólka Jankowska
Wólka Jankowska [ˈvulka janˈkɔfska] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Srokowo, within Kętrzyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) west of Srokowo, 14 km (9 mi) north of Kętrzyn, and 78 km (48 mi) northeast of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Kętrzyn County
Kętrzyn County (Polish: powiat kętrzyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland, on the border with Russia. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Kętrzyn (former Rastembork), which lies 88 kilometres (55 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn. The county also contains the towns of Reszel, lying 16 km (10 mi) west of Kętrzyn, and Korsze, 19 km (12 mi) north-west of Kętrzyn.

The county covers an area of 1,212.97 square kilometres (468.3 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 66,165, out of which the population of Kętrzyn is 28,000, that of Reszel is 5,098, that of Korsze is 4,632, and the rural population is 28,435.
Museum of Freemasonry
51°30′54″N 0°07′16″W﻿ / ﻿51.515054°N 0.121139°W﻿ / 51.515054; -0.121139

Museum of Freemasonry (previously known as the Library and Museum of Freemasonry), based at Freemasons’ Hall, London, is a fully accredited museum since 2009, with a designated outstanding collection of national importance since 2007 and registered charitable trust (Registered Charity number 1058497) since 1996. The facility encompasses a museum, library, and archive.

The collections are composed of masonic ceremonial objects, jewellery, regalia, ceramics, glassware, silverware, clocks, furniture, books, prints and manuscripts relating to English freemasonry and its interactions with overseas lodges and orders. It also retains artefacts relating to other associated fraternal orders and friendly societies such as the Oddfellows, Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, Sons of the Phoenix and Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia.

The Museum is open to the public Monday to Saturday, 10am to 5pm. Admission is free.

Fraternal order
A fraternal order is a voluntary membership organisation structured as an order, typically featuring initiation rituals and elements derived from religious orders, chivalric traditions, guilds, or secret societies. While drawing on these historical models, fraternal orders generally serve secular purposes: functioning as social clubs, cultural organisations, and providers of mutual aid or charitable services. Many friendly societies, benefit societies, and mutual organisations are organised as fraternal orders.
The All Star Talent Show
The All Star Talent Show is a 2006 UK television programme that was broadcast on Five. It was presented by Andi Peters and Myleene Klass, with Julian Clary making up the judging panel alongside two guest judges. Each show had six celebrities performing, with the winner of each episode going into the final at the end of the series. In addition, the runner up with the most votes at the end of the series also performed again in the final. Backing vocals on the show were directed and sung by Tracy Graham and Tara McDonald.

Jo Brand
Josephine Grace Brand  (born 23 July 1957) is an English comedian, presenter, actress and writer. Starting her entertainment career with a move from psychiatric nursing to the alternative comedy stand-up scene and early performances on Saturday Live, she went on to appear on The Brain Drain, Channel 4's Jo Brand Through the Cakehole, Getting On and various television appearances including as a regular guest on QI, Have I Got News for You and Would I Lie to You?. She also makes regular appearances on BBC Radio 4 in programmes such as The News Quiz and Just a Minute. Since 2014 she has been the presenter of The Great British Bake Off: An Extra Slice. In 2003, Brand was listed in The Observer as one of the 50 funniest acts in British comedy.
Lime in Cielętniki
The Cielętniki Lime is a common lime tree located in Cielętniki, in southern Poland.

It is the largest tree in Poland by circumference. In 2014, the girth of the lime measured 10.84 metres (0.7 m at its narrowest) and its height was 29.5 metres. According to dendrochronological research, the tree is approximately 550 years old.

The lime tree has a massive, multi-stemmed trunk with a large crown spread. Its CBH (circumference at breast height) was recorded at 11.07 metres in 2014. According to local legend, the lime grew from 18 small trees planted many years ago by an unknown voivode. according to legend. The bark of the tree was traditionally believed to cure toothache,  and the nearby church, dedicated to Saint Apollonia, the patron saint of stomatologists. The tree attracted pilgrims to the village, who bit the bark to heal their teeth.

Today, the tree is protected by a fence and is designated as a natural monument.

Oral medicine
An oral medicine or stomatology doctor/dentist (or stomatologist) has received additional specialized training and experience in the diagnosis and management of oral mucosal abnormalities (growths, ulcers, infection, allergies, immune-mediated and autoimmune disorders) including oral cancer, salivary gland disorders, temporomandibular disorders (e.g.: problems with the TMJ) and facial pain (due to musculoskeletal or neurologic conditions), taste and smell disorders; and recognition of the oral manifestations of systemic and infectious diseases. It lies at the interface between medicine and dentistry. An oral medicine doctor is trained to diagnose and manage patients with disorders of the orofacial region.
Rysum organ
The Rysum organ in Rysum Church in Rysum, north Germany, is the oldest instrument of its kind in northern Europe that still largely has its original pipes. It is also one of the oldest playable church organs in the world alongside those in Sion, St. Valentin in Kiedrich, and Ostönnen. The exact date of its construction is not entirely known, but dates of 1457 and 1440 have been proposed. It was rebuilt in 1513. After undergoing several other modifications through the years it was restored to its 1513 condition by Jürgen Ahrend and Gerhard Brunzema in 1959. The organ has seven stops on one manual.

St. Valentin, Kiedrich
St. Valentin is the common name for the Catholic parish church and Basilica minor Basilica of SS Dionysius and Valentinus in Kiedrich in the Rheingau, in Hesse, Germany. It was built at the end of the 15th century in the Gothic style. Its organ is one of the oldest playable organs in Germany (built c. 1500). The church was a pilgrimage destination for people with epilepsy and therefore has carved wooden laity stalls, including one decorated with the "Gerechtigkeitsspirale" (Spiral of justice).
Tezozomoctli (Cuauhtitlan)
Tezozomoctli (originally Teçoçomoctli; ruled 1418–1430) was a tlatoani ("ruler" or "king") of the pre-Columbian Nahua altepetl (city-state) of Cuauhtitlan in central Mexico. His palace was located at Huexocalco.

Tezozomoctli was born in the Mexica city of Tlatelolco. His father was Tlacateotl, who was the second tlatoani of Tlatelolco. His mother was Xiuhtomiyauhtzin, the daughter of the tlatoani of Coatl Ichan, Acolmiztli. Tezozomoctli was probably named after his great-grandfather, the powerful ruler of Azcapotzalco.

In the Tepanec War in the year 3 Rabbit (1430), Cuauhtitlan was attacked and defeated by the combined forces of the surrounding peoples. After being informed at his refuge at Cincoc Huehuetocan that Cuauhtitlan had been captured, Tezozomoctli travelled to Atzompan where he allegedly committed suicide by poison.

Azcapotzalco
Azcapotzalco (Classical Nahuatl: Āzcapōtzalco [aːskapoːˈt͡saɬko] ⓘ; Spanish pronunciation: [askapoˈtsalko] ⓘ; from āzcapōtzalli “anthill” + -co “place”; literally, “In the place of the anthills”) is a borough (demarcación territorial) in Mexico City. Azcapotzalco is in the northwestern part of Mexico City.

The town began in the pre-Hispanic era and was the seat of the Tepanec dominion until the Aztec Triple Alliance overthrew it. After that it was a rural farming area becoming part of the Federal District of Mexico City in the mid-19th century. In the 20th century the area was engulfed by the urban sprawl of Mexico City. Today it is 100% urbanized and is a center of industry.
Penelope (Pinback song)
Penelope is a single released by indie rock band Pinback, on their album, Blue Screen Life. It is regarded as one of their most well-known songs. The two B-sides, "Anti-Hu" and "Seville" (Demo) can be found on Nautical Antiques.

The song was inspired by Armistead Burwell Smith IV's fish named Penelope, as can be seen on his Twitter page.

The song has been covered by several bands including Saosin and PlayRadioPlay!

Armistead Burwell Smith IV
Armistead Burwell Smith IV (also known as Zach Smith) is an American composer and musician. He has recorded with multiple bands, including most notably Pinback, as well on his own, under the name Systems Officer.
Ron Broom
Roland Francis "Ron" Broom (7 February 1925 – 24 December 2016) was a New Zealand first-class cricketer who played for Wellington.

Born in Te Kūiti on 7 February 1925, Broom was a left-arm medium-pace bowler and left-hand batsman. He made three first-class appearances for Wellington in the 1954/55 season, taking six wickets at an average of 19.00. With the bat he scored 47 runs, with a high score of 21, at an average of 11.75.

Broom died in Palmerston North on 24 December 2016, and he was buried in Kelvin Grove Cemetery.

Te Kūiti
Te Kūiti is a town in the north of the King Country region of the North Island of New Zealand. It lies at the junction of State Highways 3 and 30 and on the North Island Main Trunk railway, 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of Hamilton. The town promotes itself as the sheep shearing capital of the world and is host to the annual New Zealand National Shearing Championships.

Te Kūiti is approximately 80 km south of Hamilton and 19 km south-east of Waitomo. The area around Te Kūiti, commonly known as the King Country, gives its name to the Heartland Championship rugby team based in Te Kūiti.
Grove House Wood
Grove House Wood is a 2.2 hectare Local Nature Reserve in Stanford-le-Hope in Essex. According to Natural England, it is owned by Thurrock Council and managed by Essex Wildlife Trust but it is not listed on the web site of either body.

The site has woodland with dead elms which provide nesting sites for woodpeckers. Other habitats are a pond, a brook and reedbeds.

There is access from Fairview Avenue.

Thurrock Council
Thurrock Council is the local authority for the borough of Thurrock in the ceremonial county of Essex, England. Since 1998 the council has been a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council. It is a member of the East of England Local Government Association. The council is based in Grays.

In 2022 the council's level of debt arising from failed investments led to it issuing a Section 114 notice, being the local authority equivalent of declaring bankruptcy. The government directed neighbouring Essex County Council to take over Thurrock's finances and also appointed a new managing director for the council.

Since 2024, the government has planned to abolish the council and merge it with other parts of Essex as part of its planned reorganisation of local government in Essex in 2025, with the next local elections in 2025 likely postponed until 2026.
Werner Lempert
Werner Lempert is a retired East German slalom canoeist who competed in the 1960s. He won two medals at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with a gold in 1965 (Mixed C-2 team) and a silver in 1963 (Mixed C-2). Lempert also served as the general secretary of the German Football Association of the GDR (DFV) between 1974 and 1983.

1963 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 1963 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held in Spittal an der Drau, Austria under the auspices of International Canoe Federation. It was the 8th edition. The women's folding K1 team event resumed after being absent from the program at 1961 championships.
British degree abbreviations
Degree abbreviations are used as an alternative way to specify an academic degree instead of spelling out the title in full, such as in reference books such as Who's Who and on business cards. Many degree titles have more than one possible abbreviation, with the abbreviation used varying between different universities. In the UK it is normal not to punctuate abbreviations for degrees with full stops (e.g. "BSc" rather than "B.Sc."), although this is done at some universities.

Who's Who (UK)
Who's Who is a reference work. It has been published annually in the form of a hardback book since 1849, and has been published online since 1999. It has also been published on CD-ROM. It lists, and gives information on, people from around the world who influence British life. Entries include notable figures from government, politics, academia, business, sport and the arts. Who's Who 2025 is the 177th edition and includes more than 32,500 people.

In 2004, the book was described as the United Kingdom's most prominent work of biographical reference.

The book is the original Who's Who book and "the pioneer work of its type". The book is an origin of the expression "who's who" used in a wider sense.
ABT-418
ABT-418 is a drug developed by Abbott, that has nootropic, neuroprotective and anxiolytic effects, and has been researched for treatment of both Alzheimer's disease and ADHD. It acts as an agonist at neural nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, subtype-selective binding with high affinity to the α4β2, α7/5-HT3, and α2β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors but not α3β4 receptors  ABT-418 was reasonably effective for both applications and fairly well tolerated, but produced some side effects, principally nausea, and it is unclear whether ABT-418 itself will proceed to clinical development or if another similar drug will be used instead.

Alpha-3 beta-4 nicotinic receptor
The alpha-3 beta-4 nicotinic receptor, also known as the α3β4 receptor and the ganglion-type nicotinic receptor, is a type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, consisting of α3 and β4 subunits. It is located in the autonomic ganglia and adrenal medulla, where activation yields post- and/or presynaptic excitation, mainly by increased Na+ and K+ permeability.

As with other nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, the α3β4 receptor is pentameric [(α3)m(β4)n where m + n = 5]. The exact subunit stoichiometry is not known and it is possible that more than one functional α3β4 receptor assembles in vivo with varying subunit stoichiometries.

Ligands which inhibit the α3β4 receptor have been shown to modulate drug-seeking behavior, making α3β4 a promising target for the development of novel antiaddictive agents.
Ocular tonometry
Tonometry is the procedure that eye care professionals perform to determine the intraocular pressure (IOP) of aqueous humor, the fluid pressure inside the eye. It is an important test in the evaluation of patients at risk from glaucoma. Most tonometers are calibrated to measure pressure in millimeters of mercury (mmHg), with the normal eye pressure range between 10 and 21 mmHg (13–28 hPa).

Aqueous humour
The aqueous humour is a transparent water-like fluid similar to blood plasma, but containing low protein concentrations. It is secreted from the ciliary body, a structure supporting the lens of the eyeball. It fills both the anterior and the posterior chambers of the eye, and is not to be confused with the vitreous humour, which is located in the space between the lens and the retina, also known as the posterior cavity or vitreous chamber. Blood cannot normally enter the eyeball.
Mlodzianowski
Mlodzianowski (also Młodzianowski) is a Polish surname. Notable people with the name are:

Bryanne-Michelle Mlodzianowski, agent of the Department of Government Efficiency

Joseph Mlodzianowski, cybersecurity expert and researcher for the Wall of Sheep, a kiosk at Defcon

Julia Mlodzianowski (1923–1928), victim of serial killer Peter Kudzinowski

Kazimierz Młodzianowski ((1880–1928), Independent governor of the Pomeranian Voivodeship from 1926 to 1928

Mateusz Młodzianowski (born 1980), Polish actor

Stanisław Młodzianowski, commander of the General Sosnkowski (armoured train)

Tomasz Młodzianowski (1622–1686), Polish Jesuit, preacher, and writer

DEFCON
The defense readiness condition (DEFCON) is an alert state used by the United States Armed Forces. The DEFCON system was developed in 1959 by the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) and unified and specified combatant commands. It prescribes five graduated levels of readiness (or states of alert) for the U.S. military. It increases in severity from DEFCON 5 (least severe) to DEFCON 1 (most severe) to match varying military situations, with DEFCON 1 signaling the impending outbreak of nuclear warfare. For security reasons, the U.S. military does not announce a DEFCON level to the public.

DEFCONs are a subsystem of a series of "Alert Conditions", or LERTCONs, which also include Emergency Conditions (EMERGCONs).
Graeme Sinclair
James Graeme Sinclair (born 1 July 1957) is a Scottish former footballer, who played for Dumbarton, Celtic, Manchester City and St Mirren. Sinclair man-marked Johan Cruyff when Celtic beat Ajax in a 1982–83 European Cup tie. Sinclair won a Scottish League Cup winner's medal in December 1982 when he played in the Celtic side that won 2-1 in the final against Rangers.  In November 1984 his former Celtic manager Billy McNeill signed him on loan for Manchester City. He made his debut in a 4–1 League Cup defeat at Chelsea, but made just one league appearance, against Portsmouth, in which he was substituted at half-time.

Dumbarton F.C.
Dumbarton Football Club is a semi-professional football club in Dumbarton, Scotland. Founded on 23 December 1872, they are one of the oldest football clubs in Scotland.

The club plays home games at the Dumbarton Football Stadium next to Dumbarton Castle. They currently play in Scottish League Two.
Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village
Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village is a Shaker village near New Gloucester and Poland, Maine, in the United States. It is the last active Shaker community, with three members as of 2025. The community was established in either 1782, 1783, or 1793, at the height of the Shaker movement in the United States. The Sabbathday Lake meetinghouse was built in 1794. The entire property was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974.

Cumberland County, Maine
Cumberland County is a county in the U.S. state of Maine. As of the 2020 census, the population was 303,069, making it the most populous county in Maine. Its county seat is Portland. Cumberland County was founded in 1760 from a portion of York County, Province of Massachusetts Bay, and named for William, Duke of Cumberland, a son of King George II. Cumberland County has the deepest and second-largest body of water in the state, Sebago Lake, which supplies tap water to most of the county. The county is the state's economic and industrial center, having the resources of the Port of Portland, the Maine Mall, and having corporate headquarters of major companies such as onsemi, IDEXX Laboratories, Unum, and TD Bank. Cumberland County is part of the Portland–South Portland, ME Metropolitan Statistical Area.