hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Land & Sea
Land & Sea is the second studio album by Australian singer songwriter Ziggy Alberts. The album was released in December 2014. The album includes a number of re-recorded tracks from Feels Like Home and Made of Water alongside new tracks. Alberts said "This record was born in a caravan converted studio amongst the hills of Newrybar, New South Wales. The album drew comparisons to Jack Johnson and Xavier Rudd due to the breezy acoustic sound, chilled vocals and environmental messages.

In December 2019, the album was released on a 2x Deluxe vinyl alongside the EP Four Feet in the Forest.

Xavier Rudd
Xavier Rudd (born 29 May 1978) is an Australian singer, songwriter, musician, and multi-instrumentalist. Several of Rudd's songs incorporate socially conscious themes, such as spirituality, humanity, environmentalism and the rights of Indigenous Australians.
Miss Venezuela 1953
Miss Venezuela 1953 was the 2nd Miss Venezuela pageant, held at the Valle Arriba Golf Club in Caracas, Venezuela on June 27, 1953.

At the end of the event, Sofía Silva of Bolívar crowned Gisela Bolaños of Carabobo as Miss Venezuela 1953. It is the first victory of Carabobo in the pageant's history. Contestants from 12 states competed in this year's pageant.

Carabobo
Carabobo State (Spanish: Estado Carabobo, IPA: [esˈtaðo kaɾaˈβoβo]) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela. Located in the Central Region of Venezuela, it is about two hours by car from Caracas. The state capital city is Valencia, which is also the country's main industrial center. The state's area is 4,369 km2 (1,687 sq mi) and, as of the 2011 census, had a population of 2,245,744.

Carabobo State was the site of the Battle of Carabobo on 24 June 1821. This was a decisive victory for the Venezuelans, led by Simón Bolívar, in their war of independence against Spain.
Shelby High School
Shelby High School is the name of several high schools in the United States:

Shelby High School (Michigan), in Shelby, Oceana County, Michigan

Shelby High School (Montana), in Shelby, Montana

Shelby High School (Nebraska), in Shelby, Nebraska

Shelby High School (North Carolina), in Shelby, North Carolina

Shelby High School (Ohio), in Shelby, Ohio

Shelby High School (Ohio)
Shelby High School is located in Shelby, Ohio, United States. The school serves students in grades 9-12 and is part of the Shelby City School District. A long time member of the Northern Ohio League (1944-2017), Shelby joined the Sandusky Bay Conference in 2017. Shortly after joining the Sandusky Bay Conference, Shelby joined the Mid Ohio Athletic Conference in 2018.
Tu Mera Junoon
Tu Mera Junoon is a 2019 Pakistani television soap opera, produced by Blue Eye Entertainment. It has Kinza Hashmi, Noor Hassan Rizvi, Sana Fakhar and Asad Siddiqui in the lead roles. It aired on weekdays (Monday to Friday) on Geo Entertainment.

Geo Entertainment
Geo Entertainment or Har Pal Geo is a Pakistani entertainment television channel established by Geo Television Network in May 2002. Its test transmission started on 14 August 2002 on the PAS 10 digital satellite whereas on 1 October 2002 the regular transmission of Geo Entertainment was started.
Dworshak Dam
Dworshak Dam is a concrete gravity dam in the western United States, on the North Fork of the Clearwater River in north central Idaho.  In Clearwater County, the dam is located approximately four miles (6 km) northwest of Orofino and impounds the Dworshak Reservoir for flood control and hydroelectricity generation. By capacity, the reservoir is the largest in Idaho and fourth-largest in the Pacific Northwest.

With a height of 717 feet (219 m), Dworshak is the third tallest dam in the U.S. and the tallest straight-axis concrete dam in the Western Hemisphere. Construction of the dam by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) began in 1966 and was completed in 1973.

Lacking fish ladders, the dam blocks fish passage and completely extirpated anadromous fish migration into the upper reaches of the North Fork and its tributaries in Idaho.

Western Hemisphere
The Western Hemisphere is the half of the planet Earth that lies west of the Prime Meridian and east of the 180th meridian. The other half is called the Eastern Hemisphere. In the United States, the term "Western Hemisphere" is often used as a metonym for the Americas, even though geographically, the hemisphere also includes parts of other continents.
See Clearly Method
The See Clearly Method was an eye-exercise program that was marketed as an alternative to the use of glasses, contact lenses, and eye surgery to improve vision. Sales were halted by legal action in 2006. The method is not supported by basic science, and no research studies were conducted prior to marketing. The program is based in part on the Bates method, an alternative therapy devised in the early 20th century, which lacks clinical evidence to support the claim that it can improve eyesight.

Eye surgery
Eye surgery, also known as ophthalmic surgery or ocular surgery, is surgery performed on the eye or its adnexa. Eye surgery is part of ophthalmology and is performed by an ophthalmologist or eye surgeon. The eye is a fragile organ, and requires due care before, during, and after a surgical procedure to minimize or prevent further damage. An eye surgeon is responsible for selecting the appropriate surgical procedure for the patient, and for taking the necessary safety precautions. Mentions of eye surgery can be found in several ancient texts dating back as early as 1800 BC, with cataract treatment starting in the fifth century BC. It continues to be a widely practiced class of surgery, with various techniques having been developed for treating eye problems.
Mooloolah River
The Mooloolah River is a river in South East Queensland, Australia. The river rises from the eastern slopes of the Blackall Range and flows east-northeast, similar to the Maroochy River to the north. The mouth of the river is at southern Mooloolaba. The catchment area covers 221 km2.

Addlington Creek, a tributary of the Mooloolah River was dammed by the Ewen Maddock Dam in 1973. Mountain Creek is another tributary that rises on the Buderim mountain that divides the Mooloolah and Maroochy watersheds.

The gastric-brooding frog is a recently extinct frog that was discovered in only three catchments, the Mary River, Mooloolah River and Stanley Rivers.

Although the Mooloolah River doesn't experience major flooding often, a flood warning system was established in 2004 to inform the Sunshine Coast Regional Council with river height predictions from network of rainfall and river height field stations.

Sunshine Coast Region
The Sunshine Coast Region is a local government area located in the Sunshine Coast region of South East Queensland, Australia, from which it takes its name.

It was created by the amalgamation in 2008 of the City of Caloundra and the Shires of Maroochy and Noosa. It contains 4,194 kilometres (2,606 mi) of roads, 211 kilometres (131 mi) of coastline and a population of 351,424 in January 2021. The budget for the 2020–2021 financial year totals A$782 million including $243 million for Capital Works.

On 1 January 2014, the Shire of Noosa was re-established independent of the Sunshine Coast Regional Council.

In the 2021 census, the Sunshine Coast Region had a population of 342,541 people.
Tony Freyer
Tony Allan Freyer is an American lawyer currently University Research Professor Emeritus at University of Alabama School of Law, and also held the Fulbright Distinguished Chair in American Studies at University of Warsaw.

He received a PhD from Indiana University in 1975.

University of Alabama School of Law
The University of Alabama School of Law, (formerly known as the Hugh F. Culverhouse Jr. School of Law at The University of Alabama) located in Tuscaloosa, Alabama is  the only public law school in the state. It is one of five law schools in the state, and one of three that are ABA accredited. According to Alabama's official 2023 ABA-required disclosures, 89.4% of the Class of 2023 obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required employment nine months after graduation. An additional 4.8% of the Class of 2023 obtained JD-advantage employment.

Approximately 428 JD students attended Alabama Law during school year 2022–2023. 51 undergraduate institutions, 23 states, and 3 countries are represented among the class of 2026, and the student-faculty ratio is 6.7 to 1.
Bruce Osborne
Bruce H. Osborne (August 27, 1924 – November 23, 2008) was an American football player and coach. He was head football coach at the College of Southern Utah—now known as Southern Utah University—from 1954 to 1964. Southern Utah competed as a junior college prior to 1963. Osborne played college football at Utah State University and Brigham Young University (BYU).

After coaching at Delta High School in Delta, Utah, Osborne was hired in 1953 to coach the sophomore football and basketball teams at Provo High School in Provo, Utah. A year later, he was appointed the head football coach at the College of Southern Utah.

Osborne was born on August 27, 1924 in Minersville, Utah to Josiah Osborne Jr. and Lucy Murdock Osborne. He served with the in the South Pacific United States Marine Corps during World War II. Osborne was a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. He died on November 23, 2008, in Cedar City, Utah.

Provo, Utah
Provo (/ˈproʊ.voʊ/ PROH-voh) is a city in and the county seat of Utah County, Utah, United States. It is 43 miles (69 km) south of Salt Lake City along the Wasatch Front, and lies between the cities of Orem to the north and Springville to the south. With a population at the 2020 census of 115,162, Provo is the fourth-largest city in Utah and the principal city in the Provo-Orem metropolitan area, which had a population of 526,810 at the 2010 census. It is Utah's second-largest metropolitan area after Salt Lake City.

Provo is the home to Brigham Young University (BYU), a private higher education institution operated by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Provo also has the LDS Church's largest Missionary Training Center (MTC). The city is a focus area for technology development in Utah, with several billion-dollar startups. The city's Peaks Ice Arena was a venue for the Salt Lake City Winter Olympics in 2002.
Dąbrowa Górna, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Dąbrowa Górna [dɔmˈbrɔva ˈɡurna] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bodzentyn, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) south-east of Bodzentyn and 26 km (16 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Bodzentyn
Bodzentyn [bɔˈd͡zɛntɨn] ⓘ is a town in Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland, with 2,168 inhabitants as of December 2021. Bodzentyn belongs to Lesser Poland. The town lies in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains, here main office of the Świętokrzyski National Park is located.
Mordor, Warsaw
Mordor, also known as Mordor on Domaniewska Street (Polish: Mordor na Domaniewskiej), is a colloquial name for a financial district in the Mokotów district of Warsaw, Poland, within north Służewiec and west Ksawerów. The area is mostly composed of office buildings, including the headquarters of numerous domestic companies, and branches of many multinational corporations. Emerging in the 1990s, the area used to be the largest financial district in Poland, until 2019, when it lost the title to the nearby Wola district. Currently, the volume of rented office space in the neighbourhood is in decline, as it transforms into a residential district. The name, coined in the 2010s, refers to Mordor, a fictional location in the 1954 fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings written by J. R. R. Tolkien.

Balloon loop
A balloon loop, turning loop, or reversing loop (North American Terminology) allows a rail vehicle or train to reverse direction without having to shunt or stop. Balloon loops can be useful for passenger trains and unit freight trains.

Balloon loops are common on tram and streetcar systems. Many streetcar and tram systems use single-ended vehicles that have doors on only one side and controls at only one end. These systems may also haul trailers with no controls in the rear car, and, as such, must be turned at each end of the route.
Senneville
Senneville (French pronunciation: [sɛnvil] ⓘ) is an affluent on-island suburban village on the western tip of the Island of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is the wealthiest town in the West Island.

Situated close to the city of Montreal, it was historically a popular location for the country houses of wealthy Montrealers.  Attractions include multiple golf clubs, a yacht club, and La Ferme du Fort Senneville, an organic demonstration farm.  The Morgan Arboretum was founded here in 1953, and is today managed by Macdonald College; an important bird sanctuary, it is open to the public year-round. Fort Senneville was constructed here in 1671, but its ruins are on private land and are not accessible to the public.  The historic core of the village was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 2002.

Morgan Arboretum
The Morgan Arboretum is a 245-hectare (610-acre) forested reserve, on the McGill University Macdonald Campus in Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, on the western tip of the Island of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is a mixed-use woodland and recreational area, with an extensive network of walking, skiing and snowshoeing trails totaling some 25 km (16 mi).
Battle of Doberdò
The Battle of Doberdò took place near Doberdò del Lago (Slovene: Doberdob) in August 1916 between armies of Kingdom of Italy and Austria-Hungary. The Austro-Hungarian army was primarily made up of regiments filled with Hungarians and Slovenians. The battle was a part of the sixth battle of the Isonzo, and occurred in a strategic area of westernmost edge of the Karst Plateau. Italians had already conquered the lowland area surrounding Monfalcone and Ronchi, and attempted to push over the Karst Plateau to seize control of the major road that linked the city of Trieste and its port with Gorizia. After fierce combat, and sustained heavy casualties, Italian forces forced Austro-Hungarian forces to retreat and captured Gorizia.

Monfalcone
Monfalcone (Italian pronunciation: [moɱfalˈkoːne]; Bisiacco: Mofalcòn; Friulian: Monfalcon; Slovene: Tržič; archaic German: Falkenberg) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Gorizia in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northern Italy, located on the Gulf of Trieste. Its name means 'falcon mountain' (see Montfaucon in French and Falkenberg in Germanic languages).

It is a major industrial centre for manufacturing ships, airplanes, textiles, chemicals, and refined oil, and is home to one of Fincantieri's main shipyards. Monfalcone is the northernmost city on the Mediterranean Sea.
Velugoti Yachama Nayaka
Yachama Nayaka also known as Yacha Sura  was one of the most trusted commanders of the Vijayanagara Empire. he protected the royal family during a time of civil war and played a significant role in supporting the rightful heir Rama Deva Raya. Yachama Nayaka fought several major battles, including the Battle of Toppur where his leadership helped defeat powerful enemies like Gobburi Jagga Raya and the forces of Madurai Nayaks and Gingee Nayaks. His efforts helped restore stability to the empire during its final years.

Raghunatha Nayak
Raghunatha Nayak was a Telugu king of the Thanjavur Nayak Dynasty. He was the third ruler of Thanjavur, southern India, from the Nayak dynasty. He ruled from 1600 to 1634 and is noted for the attainments of Thanjavur in literature, art, and Carnatic music.
Carara Kicks F.C.
Carara Kicks was a South African football (soccer) club based in Welkom, Free State that played in the
National First Division.

The club was owned by Motebang Mokoena, the son of Free State Stars owner Mike Mokoena and served as a feeder team to Free State Stars, who at the time played in the Premiership.

They were relegated from the 2011–12 National First Division after being deducted points for fielding an improperly registered player.

Welkom
Welkom (Afrikaans pronunciation: [ˈvɛlkɔm]) is a city in the Free State province of South Africa, located about 140 kilometres (90 mi) northeast of Bloemfontein, the provincial capital. Welkom is also known as Circle City, City Within A Garden, Mvela and Matjhabeng. The city's Sesotho name, Matjhabeng means 'where nations meet', derived from the migrant labour system, where people of various countries such as Lesotho, Malawi and Mozambique etc. met to work in the mines of the gold fields.

A settlement was laid out on a farm named "Welkom" (which is the Afrikaans and Dutch word for "welcome") after gold was discovered in the region, and it was officially proclaimed a town in 1948. The town became a municipality in 1961. It now falls in the Matjhabeng Municipality, part of the Lejweleputswa District.
Virginia Nicholson
Virginia Nicholson (née Bell; born 1955) is an English non-fiction author known for her works of women's history in the first half of the twentieth century.  Nicholson was born in Newcastle and grew up in Leeds before becoming a television researcher. She was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 2019.

Royal Society of Literature
The Royal Society of Literature (RSL) is a learned society founded in 1820 by King George IV to "reward literary merit and excite literary talent". A charity that represents the voice of literature in the UK, the RSL has about 800 Fellows, elected from among the best writers in any genre currently at work. Additionally, Honorary Fellows are chosen from those who have made a significant contribution to the advancement of literature, including publishers, agents, librarians, booksellers or producers. The society is a cultural tenant at London's Somerset House. The RSL is an independent charity and relies on the support of its Members, Patrons, Fellows and friends to continue its work.
PM-43 and PM-68 mine
The PM-43 (Putkimiina m/43) and PM-68 (Putkimiina m/68) are Finnish anti-personnel fragmentation mines.

The PM-43 has a long cylindrical steel body, with heavy fragmentation grooves. It has been used with variety of fuzes including the Model 43, VS-70, and US-65. Currently, it is used with the VS-86 tripwire fuze. The mine is normally mounted in a tree.

The PM-68 is similar but uses a body formed from a tightly coiled spring, and currently uses a VS-91 fuze, although it can be used with any of the fuzes used with the PM-43.

After Finland joined the Ottawa Treaty, the Finnish Defence Forces began a process to destroy the mines. The work was completed in 2015.

Stielhandgranate
Stielhandgranate (lit. "Stick hand grenade") is a series of World War I and World War II–era German hand grenade designs, also known as the Potato masher (Kartoffelstampfer), Doorknocker (Türklopfer), or Jam-pot and stick grenade (by the British in WWI), The first models were introduced by the Imperial German Army during World War I and the final design was introduced during World War II by the German Wehrmacht.
Matthew Cobb
Matthew John Cobb (born 4 February 1957) is a British zoologist and Emeritus professor of zoology at the University of Manchester. He is known for his popular science books The Egg & Sperm Race: The Seventeenth-Century Scientists Who Unravelled the Secrets of Sex, Life and Growth; Life's Greatest Secret: The Race to Crack the Genetic Code; and The Idea of the Brain: A History. Cobb has appeared on BBC Radio 4's The Infinite Monkey Cage, The Life Scientific, Start the Week and The Curious Cases of Rutherford & Fry, as well as on BBC Radio 3 and the BBC World Service.

Popular science
Popular science (also called pop-science or popsci) is an interpretation of science intended for a general audience. It is presented in many forms, including books, film and television documentaries, magazine articles, and web pages.

It may be written by scientists themselves or by professional journalists. While science journalism focuses on recent scientific developments, popular science is more broad ranging.
Regulation through litigation
Regulation through litigation refers to changes in society (particularly those that affect industries) brought about by litigation, rather than legislation or self-regulation.

Some laws have "private attorney general" provisions that permit individuals to file suit in court to vindicate important rights.  Many laws for addressing consumer protection, civil rights and employment discrimination provide incentives for the private enforcement of laws by allowing the prevailing party to recover a reasonable attorney's fee.

Regulation through litigation may at times overlap with judicial activism.

Attorney's fee
Attorney's fee is a chiefly United States term for compensation for legal services performed by an attorney (lawyer or law firm) for a client, in or out of court.

Fees may be an hourly, flat-rate or contingent fee. Recent studies suggest that when lawyers charge a flat-fee rather than billing by the hour, they work less hard on behalf of clients and clients get worse outcomes.

Attorney fees are separate from fines, compensatory and punitive damages, and (except in Nevada) from court costs in a legal case. Under the "American rule", attorney fees are usually not paid by the losing party to the winning party in a case, except pursuant to specific statutory or contractual rights.
Aotearoa Music Award for Best Alternative Artist
Best Alternative Artist (Māori: Te Manu Taki Whanokē o te Tau) is an Aotearoa Music Award that honours New Zealand artists for outstanding alternative recordings.

The inaugural award was presented as Best Alternative Album in 2011 to The Naked and Famous for their album Passive Me, Aggressive You. In 2017, the award was changed to Best Alternative Artist. The change was made to all the genre-specific awards, and was to reflect the changing release climate in which full albums had become less common. Under the new rules, an artist who has released "an album OR a minimum of five tracks" can be nominated.

Unknown Mortal Orchestra have the most awards with three wins, followed by The Beths who have won it twice.

Unknown Mortal Orchestra
Unknown Mortal Orchestra (also known as UMO) is a New Zealand psychedelic rock band from Auckland and now based in Portland, Oregon. Fronted by multi-instrumentalist Ruban Nielson, assisted by his brother Kody Nielson and bassist Jacob Portrait, Nielson started the band in 2009, initially as a solo project. The band's first album was released in 2011 on Fat Possum Records.
LGBTQ rights in Afghanistan
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people in the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan face severe challenges not experienced by non-LGBTQ residents. Afghan members of the LGBTQ community are forced to keep their gender identity and sexual orientation secret, in fear of violence and the death penalty. The religious nature of the country has limited any opportunity for public discussion, with any mention of homosexuality and related terms deemed taboo.

On 23 January 2025, Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, Karim Ahmad Khan, requested arrest warrants against Taliban leaders Hibatullah Akhundzada and Abdul Hakim Haqqani for their persecution of women, girls, and the LGBTQ community, marking the first time the court has recognized crimes against the LGBTQ community.

Abdul Hakim Haqqani
Abdulhakim Haqqani (born 1967), also known as Abdulhakim Ishaqzai, is an Afghan Islamic scholar and writer who has been the chief justice of Afghanistan in the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan since 2021. He has also served as chief justice of the Supreme Court in the 1996–2001 Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. He was the chairman of the Taliban negotiation team in the Qatar office. He is one of the founding members of the Taliban and was a close associate of the late leader Mullah Mohammed Omar. In July 2025, the International Criminal Court issued arrest warrants for Haqqani over charges claiming the mistreatment of women by the Taliban in Afghanistan.