hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of the Clearwater
The Battle of the Clearwater (July 11–12, 1877) was a battle in the Idaho Territory between the Nez Perce under Chief Joseph and the United States Army. Under General O. O. Howard, the army surprised a Nez Perce village;  the Nez Perce counter-attacked and inflicted significant casualties on the soldiers, but were forced to abandon the village.

After the battle, part of the Nez Perce War. the Nez Perce retreated east and crossed the Bitterroot Mountains via Lolo Pass into Montana Territory, with General Howard in pursuit.

Looking Glass (Native American leader)
Looking Glass (Allalimya Takanin c. 1832–1877) was a principal Nez Perce architect of many of the military strategies employed by the Nez Perce during the Nez Perce War of 1877. He, along with Chief Joseph, directed the 1877 retreat from eastern Oregon into Montana and onward toward the Canada–US border during the Nez Perce War. He led the Alpowai band of the Nez Perce, which included the communities of Asotin, Alpowa, and Sapachesap along the Clearwater River in Idaho. He inherited his name from his father, the prominent Nez Percé chief Apash Wyakaikt ("Flint Necklace") or Ippakness Wayhayken ("Looking Glass Around Neck") and was therefore called by the whites Looking Glass.
Erika Szuh
Erika Szuh (born 21 February 1990) is a Hungarian footballer who plays as a midfielder for the German club Türkiyemspor Berlin and the Hungary national team. She previously represented Lokomotive Leipzig, FC Lübars of Germany's Frauen-Bundesliga and the Swiss club FC Neunkirch.

In 2010 she went from Hungary to Germany, signing for Lokomotive Leipzig whose women section folded in 2013. Szuh then went to Berlin, signing for 1. FC Lübars. In summer 2015 Szuh was transferred to FC Neunkirch of the Swiss Nationalliga A. She returned after one year, before switching to Blau-Weiß Hohen Neuendorf. In 2018 she signed with Türkiyemspor Berlin, then playing in the fourth tier Berlin-Liga. She won promotion with her club in 2020 to the Regionalliga. In March 2022 she started coaching her team as a player-coach.

Türkiyemspor Berlin
Türkiyemspor Berlin is a Turkish association football club from Berlin. The club began in 1978 as a loose association of young footballers playing recreationally as Kreuzberg Gençler Birliği (Kreuzberg Youth Union), named after the Berlin district of Kreuzberg. The club was formally registered as BFC İzmirspor in 1983 and was named for the city of İzmir, Turkey where many of the club members had roots.
Smukler
Smukler is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Smukler, Russian businessman

David Smukler (1914–1971), American football player

Ken Smukler (born 1960), American politician

David Smukler
David Smukler (May 31, 1914 – February 22, 1971), also known as "Dynamite Dave", was an American football player who played in 38 National Football League games, mostly for the Philadelphia Eagles in the late 1930s. He was also the star player for the Temple University Owls in the inaugural Sugar Bowl game on January 1, 1935, in New Orleans, Louisiana.
History of education in the Indian subcontinent
Education in the Indian subcontinent began with the teaching of traditional subjects, including Indian religions, mathematics, and logic. Early Hindu and Buddhist centers of learning, such as the ancient Takshashila (in modern-day Pakistan), Nalanda (in India), Mithila (in India and Nepal), Vikramshila, Telhara, and Shaunaka Mahashala in the Naimisharanya forest, served as key sites for education. Islamic education became prominent with the establishment of Islamic empires in the region during the Middle Ages. Later, Europeans introduced Western education during the colonial period in India.

Naimiṣāraṇya (forest)
Naimiṣāraṇya (Sanskrit: नैमिषारण्य, romanized: Naimiṣāraṇya, lit. 'Naimisha forest'), also referred as Naimisha (Sanskrit: नैमिष) is a sacred forest frequently mentioned in Puranic literature, as well as both the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. It is regarded to be the place where the Puranas had been narrated for the first time, before a large gathering of sages. 
The ancient forest corresponds to modern day Nimsar, situated along the Gomati river in the Sitapur district of Uttar Pradesh, India.
Wirtinger derivatives
In complex analysis of one and several complex variables, Wirtinger derivatives (sometimes also called Wirtinger operators), named after Wilhelm Wirtinger who introduced them in 1927 in the course of his studies on the theory of functions of several complex variables, are partial differential operators of the first order which behave in a very similar manner to the ordinary derivatives with respect to one real variable, when applied to holomorphic functions, antiholomorphic functions or simply differentiable functions on complex domains. These operators permit the construction of a differential calculus for such functions that is entirely analogous to the ordinary differential calculus for functions of real variables.

Generalized function
In mathematics, generalized functions are objects extending the notion of functions on real or complex numbers. There is more than one recognized theory, for example  the theory of distributions. Generalized functions are especially useful for treating discontinuous functions more like smooth functions, and describing discrete physical phenomena such as point charges. They are applied extensively, especially in physics and engineering. Important motivations have been the technical requirements of theories of partial differential equations and group representations.

A common feature of some of the approaches is that they build on operator aspects of everyday, numerical functions. The early history is connected with some ideas on operational calculus, and some contemporary developments are closely related to Mikio Sato's algebraic analysis.
PKN
PKN can mean:

Pertti Kurikan Nimipäivät, a Finnish punk band

A member of the protein kinase family of enzymes
PKN1, protein kinase N1

Protestant Church in the Netherlands

Personal knowledge networking

Program Khidmat Negara, Malaysia's National Service program

Palace of Culture and Science, the tallest building in Poland

A variant version of the PK machine gun

Iskandar Airport in Indonesia (IATA code)

Polish Committee for Standardization, Polski Komitet Normalizacyjny

Nusantara Awakening Party, an Indonesian political party

Pertti Kurikan Nimipäivät
Pertti Kurikan Nimipäivät (Finnish for 'Pertti Kurikka's name day party'; pronounced [ˈpertːi ˈkurikɑn ˈnimiˌpæi̯væt]; PKN) was a Finnish punk rock band, formed in 2009 in a charity workshop for adults with developmental disabilities. They are the main focus of the 2012 Finnish documentary film The Punk Syndrome. In 2015, they qualified for the finals of Uuden Musiikin Kilpailu, which they later won; they represented Finland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 but got knocked out in the semi-final. The group disbanded in December 2016 when guitarist Pertti Kurikka turned 60 years old and retired from playing punk rock.
Paulina Lavista
Paulina Lavista (born 18 June 1945) is a Mexican photographer, noted for her controversial work which has tested the limits of the field. She is the daughter of a composer and a painter, beginning a career in modeling and cinema before moving into photographic work in the 1960s. She began with portrait work, with one of her first clients being longtime partner Salvador Elizondo, and later breaking into more artistic work with a series of nudes for the magazine Su Otro Yo. She has photographed many subjects from the Mexican art scene as well as images of people in every day activity, mostly in Mexico. She is a member of the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana.

Juan Rulfo
Juan Nepomuceno Carlos Pérez Rulfo Vizcaíno,  best known as Juan Rulfo (Spanish: [ˈxwan ˈrulfo] ⓘ; 16 May 1917 – 7 January 1986), was a Mexican writer, screenwriter, and photographer. He is best known for two literary works, the 1955 novel Pedro Páramo, and the collection of short stories El Llano en llamas (The Burning Plain, 1953). In spite of Rulfo's slim literary production, he is considered one of the greatest Mexican and Latin American writers of the twentieth century who has influenced many subsequent writers including the Nobel laureate Gabriel García Márquez.
Sébastien Huberdeau
Sébastien Huberdeau (born 30 November 1978) is a Canadian actor. He studied political science at university. He has played in a rendition of the play Talk Radio and was seen on screens abroad in The Barbarian Invasions (Les Invasions barbares), winner of the 2004 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. Huberdeau was nominated in 2000 for a Jutra Award for his role in Sable Island (L'Île de sable). He is known to enjoy parachuting and fencing.

Talk Radio (play)
Talk Radio is a 1987 Pulitzer Prize-nominated play written by Eric Bogosian, based on a concept by Bogosian and Tad Savinar. The play centering around a shock jock originated off-Broadway at The Public Theater in 1987 where it became a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. It made its Broadway debut in 2007 which earned two Tony Award nominations for Best Revival of a Play and Best Actor in a Play for Liev Schreiber. The play was adapted into a 1988 film of the same name directed by Oliver Stone.
Saturday's Millions
Saturday's Millions is a 1933 American pre-Code sports drama film directed by Edward Sedgwick and starring Robert Young, Andy Devine, Leila Hyams and Johnny Mack Brown. It was produced and distributed by Universal Pictures. The film is an adaptation of a story by Falkland Cary that was published in serial form in a national magazine.

Sports film
A sports film is a film genre in which any particular sport plays a prominent role in the film's plot or acts as its central theme. It is a production in which a sport or a sports-related topic is prominently featured or is a focus of the plot. Despite this, sport is ultimately rarely the central concern of such films and sport performs primarily an allegorical role. Furthermore, sports fans are not necessarily the target demographic in such movies, but sports fans tend to maintain a high following and esteem for such movies.
Gold Prix de la TNT
The Gold Prix de la TNT (English: Gold TNT Award), nicknamed as Les Gold, is a French accolade bestowed in a ceremony by various telecom organizations partenant with Télé Star in recognition of excellence in programs and professionals of French and Francophone television. The format and scope were inspired by the Emmy Awards.

The ceremony was preconceived to be the successor of the 7 d'Or (now discontinued) and become one of greatest in French television. The César Award for cinema, the Victoires de la Musique for music and the Molière Award for theater, can be considered as equivalent.

Closer (magazine)
Closer is a British tabloid magazine founded in 2005 and published by Bauer Consumer Media. A French language version followed shortly afterwards, and an American edition began publication in 2013, ending in 2025.
Ýewgeniý Naboýçenko
Ýewgeniý Naboýçenko (born 17 May 1970), also spelled Eygeniy Naboychenko, is a Turkmen former football goalkeeper who represented Turkmenistan in the 2004 AFC Asian Cup. He also played for Kairat Almaty, Almaty, Megasport and Astana. Following his playing career, Kafanov Naboychenko became a goalkeeping coach at Aktobe.

FC Aktobe
Football Club Aktobe (Kazakh: Aqtóbe Fýtbol Klýby), commonly referred to as FC Aktobe or simply Aktobe, is a professional football club based in Aktobe. They last played in the Kazakhstan Premier League, the highest level of Kazakh football. Formed as Aktyubinets in 1967, they became Aktobemunai in 1996, Aktobe in 1997, Aktobe-Lento in 2000 and finally Aktobe again in 2005. Their home ground is the 13,500 seat Central Stadium.

Aktobe have won five league titles, two Kazakhstan Cups and three Kazakhstan Super Cups. The club has also won two Soviet Second League titles in 1981 and 1991.
Mariia Kravtsova
Mariia Ivanovna Kravtsova (Russian: Мария Ивановна Кравцова); born 19 September 2000) is a retired Russian group rhythmic gymnast. She is a two-time (2017, 2018) European Group All-around champion and the 2015 European Junior Group All-around champion. She retired in 2018.

She took up rhythmic gymnastics at age 3 in her hometown Omsk.

Rhythmic Gymnastics European Championships
The Rhythmic Gymnastics European Championships are the European championships for the sport of rhythmic gymnastics. They were first held in 1978. The European Championships and the European Junior Championships were united in 1993. Prior to 2006, they were called the European Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships. The competition is organised by the European Union of Gymnastics.
Athletics at the 1948 Summer Olympics – Men's pole vault
The men's pole vault event was part of the track and field athletics programme at the 1948 Summer Olympics. Nineteen athletes from 10 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The competition was held on July 31 and August 2. During the final, a rainstorm came in during the jumps at 4.10. All the jumpers at 4.20 and higher had to deal with wet conditions on the runway and with their poles. The final was won by American Guinn Smith. Erkki Kataja had held the lead with a perfect set of jumps until Smith's last attempt clearance of 4.30. Smith's win was the United States' 11th consecutive victory in the men's pole vault. Kataja's silver was Finland's first medal in the event.

Erkki Kataja
Erkki Olavi Kataja (19 June 1924 in Kuusankoski – 27 April 1969) was a Finnish athlete, who competed mainly in the pole vault.

Kataja competed for Finland in the 1948 Summer Olympics held in London, Great Britain where he won the silver medal in the pole vault event.
Peg Blitch
Margaret Herold Blitch (28 July 1934 – 2 February 2021) was an American politician.

Blitch was born in Passaic, New Jersey, to parents Francis Hyacinth Herold and Marian Alda Burrows on 28 July 1934. Her father later remarried, to Rose Anne. She married Brooks E. Blitch III, who was the son of Erwin and Iris Faircloth Blitch. In 1976, Peg Blitch was named a judge of the probate court in Clinch County, Georgia. She remained on the bench until 1980. Between 1990 and 1992, she served a single term on the Georgia House of Representatives, then was a member of the Georgia Senate until 2005, when she opted to retire from the state legislature. During her tenure as on the Georgia General Assembly, Blitch lived in Homerville and was affiliated with the Democratic Party. She was elected mayor of Homerville in November 2009. Blitch died on 2 February 2021.

Clinch County, Georgia
Clinch County is a county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,749. The county seat is Homerville. The county was created on February 14, 1850, named in honor of Duncan Lamont Clinch.
Maravil Thirivu Sookshikkuka
Maravil Thirivu Sookshikkuka is a 1972 Indian Malayalam-language crime thriller film, directed by J. Sasikumar and produced by R. S. Rajan. The film stars Prem Nazir, Vijayasree, Adoor Bhasi and Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair. The film had musical score by G. Devarajan.

Adoor Bhasi
K. Bhaskaran Nair (1 March 1929 – 29 March 1990), professionally credited by his stage name Adoor Bhasi, was an Indian actor and film director. He was mostly cast as a sidekick to protagonists, particularly Prem Nazir. His comedic roles were widely appreciated in Malayalam films of the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. Bhasi has also done leading and character roles. He directed three Malayalam films in the late 1970s. Bhasi is also known for his eloquent speeches in fluent English. He has won Kerala State Film Awards, including two Best Actor and one Second Best Actor.
Peter Anderson (cricketer, born 1961)
Peter William Anderson (born 22 May 1961, South Brisbane, Queensland) is a former Australian first-class cricketer, representing Queensland and South Australia. He was right-handed wicket-keeper batsman.

South Australia cricket team
The South Australia men's cricket team is an Australian men's professional first-class cricket team based in the state of South Australia. South Australia play their home matches at Adelaide Oval and Karen Rolton Oval, they are the state cricket team for South Australia representing the state in the Sheffield Shield competition and the limited overs One-Day Cup. The team is selected and supported by the South Australian Cricket Association (SACA).

The team's One-Day Cup uniform features a red body with gold and blue elements, the state's colours. They were known as the Southern Redbacks from 1995 to 2024, and officially competed under the West End Redbacks moniker from 1996 to 2024 due to a sponsorship agreement with West End. The Redbacks formerly competed in the now-defunct KFC Twenty20 Big Bash, but were succeeded by the Adelaide Strikers in 2011 because this league was replaced with the Big Bash League.
David X. Cohen
David Samuel Cohen (born July 13, 1966), better known as David X. Cohen, is an American television writer. He wrote for The Simpsons, penning such notable episodes as "Lisa the Vegetarian" and "The Itchy & Scratchy & Poochie Show". He is credited with coining the word cromulent for the episode "Lisa the Iconoclast".  He is best known for co-developing the animated television series Futurama with Simpsons creator Matt Groening.

Futurama: The Beast with a Billion Backs
Futurama: The Beast with a Billion Backs is a 2008 American direct-to-video adult animated science-fiction film based on the animated series Futurama, and the second of four straight-to-DVD films that make up the show's fifth season. The film was released in the United States and Canada on June 24, 2008, followed by a UK release on  June 30, 2008 and an Australian release on August 6, 2008.  The title refers to a euphemism for sexual intercourse—"the beast with two backs". Comedy Central aired the film as a "four-part epic" on October 19, 2008. The movie won an Annie Award for "Best Animated Home Entertainment Production".
Hydrogensulfite reductase
In enzymology, a hydrogensulfite reductase (EC 1.8.99.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

trithionate + acceptor + 2 H2O + OH-  3 bisulfite + reduced acceptor

The 4 substrates of this enzyme are trithionate, acceptor, H2O, and OH-, whereas its two products are bisulfite and reduced acceptor.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on a sulfur group of donors with other acceptors.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is trithionate:acceptor oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include bisulfite reductase, dissimilatory sulfite reductase, desulfoviridin, desulforubidin, desulfofuscidin, dissimilatory-type sulfite reductase, and trithionate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase.  It has 4 cofactors: iron, sulfur, siroheme,  and iron-sulfur.

Trithionate
Trithionate is an oxyanion of sulfur with the chemical formula S3O2−6. It is the conjugate base of trithionic acid. Dilute sodium hydroxide hydrolyzes S4N4 as follows, yielding sodium thiosulfate and sodium trithionate:

2 S4N4 + 6 NaOH + 9 H2O → Na2S2O3 + 2 Na2S3O6 + 8 NH3

Certain sulfate-reducing bacteria have been known to use the compound in respiration.
Taj Khatoon
Taj Khatoon (also spelt Khatun; born Sayyida Taj Baihaqi; c. 1400–1468) was the Empress consort of Kashmir as the wife of Sultan Zayn al-Abidin. She was the daughter of Sayyid Muhammad Baihaqi, a leading noble of the Kashmir Sultanate who helped Zayn al-Abidin ascend the throne in the Civil War of 1419–1420.

During the reign of her husband, Taj Khatoon was a patron of education. She donated her valuable necklace to Madrasat-ul Ulum, a school founded by Zayn al-Abidin in Sialkot.

Darul uloom
Darul uloom (/ˈdærʊl ʊˈluːm/; Arabic: دار العلوم, romanized: dār al-ʿulūm; lit. 'house of knowledge') is an Arabic term that generally refers to an Islamic seminary or educational institution – similar to or often the same as a madrassa or Islamic school – although a darul uloom often indicates a more advanced level of study. In a darul uloom, Islamic subjects are studied by students, who are known as talaba or ṭālib.
Robert Mazer
Robert R. Mazer (August 11, 1923 - October 18, 2013) was an American chemical engineer, industrialist, philanthropist, and longtime principal owner of the Chicago White Sox. He was the founder and owner of Mazer Chemicals, Inc, a company specialized in the development and commercial production of emulsifiers and surfactants. After selling the company in 1985, Mazer purchased a considerable ownership stake in the Chicago White Sox, becoming the largest single shareholder and principal owner, although an investment group led by Jerry Reinsdorf held a controlling interest in the team.

Mazer and his wife were notable patrons of several American Jewish charitable and political organizations, gifting millions of dollars to groups including the Jewish United Fund, World ORT, and AIPAC.

Jewish United Fund
The Jewish United Fund  of Chicago (JUF) is the central philanthropic address of Chicago's Jewish community and one of the largest not-for-profit social welfare institutions in Illinois. JUF provides critical resources that bring food, refuge, health care, education and emergency assistance to 500,000 Chicagoans of all faiths and millions of Jews in Israel and around the world, funding a network of 100+ agencies, schools and initiatives.
Low, Utah
Low is a ghost town in northern Tooele County, Utah, United States.

Low was established in 1880 as a construction and maintenance camp on a siding of the Western Pacific Railroad.  Its name may have derived from its location on a low pass between the Cedar Mountains to the south, and the Grassy Mountains to the north. Local water was unavailable so the camp was abandoned in 1955. A scattering of ruins remain. The Low Flight Strip is an abandoned military airfield located approximately 13 miles (21 km) west of Low.

Interstate 80 runs west of Low, and Exit 62 is known as the "Low Interchange".

The "Low Transportation Corridor" or "Low Rail Corridor" both refer to a proposed rail line to carry spent nuclear fuel from the Union Pacific mainline at the junction of Interstate 80 near the Low Interchange, to the Skull Valley Indian Reservation, across 1,593 acres (645 ha) of Bureau of Land Management land within the Skull Valley.

Skull Valley Indian Reservation
The Skull Valley Indian Reservation (Gosiute dialect: Wepayuttax) is located in Tooele County, Utah, United States, approximately 45 miles (72 km) southwest of Salt Lake City. It is inhabited by the Skull Valley Band of Goshute Indians of Utah, a federally recognized tribe. As of 2017 the tribe had 134 registered members and 15-20 people living on the reservation.
Veni, Veni, Emmanuel (MacMillan)
Veni, Veni, Emmanuel is a concerto for percussion and orchestra by James MacMillan.  MacMillan began composing it on the first Sunday of Advent 1991 and completed it on Easter Sunday 1992, dates that are significant to the work itself. The work was commissioned by  Christian Salvesen PLC. It received its premiere on 10 August 1992 at the Royal Albert Hall, London, performed by Evelyn Glennie and the Scottish Chamber Orchestra under Jukka-Pekka Saraste.   The work is in one movement, and lasts around 25 minutes.   The music draws on the Advent plainchant of the same name, which appears in its full form only at the end.

Scottish Chamber Orchestra
The Scottish Chamber Orchestra (SCO) is an Edinburgh-based UK chamber orchestra. One of Scotland's five National Performing Arts Companies, the SCO performs throughout Scotland, including annual tours of the Scottish Highlands and Islands and South of Scotland. The SCO appears regularly at the Edinburgh, East Neuk, St Magnus and Aldeburgh Festivals and The Proms. The SCO's international touring receives support from the Scottish Government. The SCO rehearses mainly at Edinburgh's Queen's Hall.