hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Flajolet–Martin algorithm
The Flajolet–Martin algorithm is an algorithm for approximating the number of distinct elements in a stream with a single pass and space-consumption logarithmic in the maximal number of possible distinct elements in the stream (the count-distinct problem). The algorithm was introduced by Philippe Flajolet and G. Nigel Martin in their 1984 article "Probabilistic Counting Algorithms for Data Base Applications". Later it has been refined in "LogLog counting of large cardinalities" by Marianne Durand and Philippe Flajolet, and "HyperLogLog: The analysis of a near-optimal cardinality estimation algorithm" by Philippe Flajolet et al.

In their 2010 article "An optimal algorithm for the distinct elements problem", Daniel M. Kane, Jelani Nelson and David P. Woodruff give an improved algorithm, which uses nearly optimal space and has optimal O(1) update and reporting times.

Daniel Kane (mathematician)
Daniel Mertz Kane (born 1986) is an American mathematician. He is a full professor with a joint position in the Mathematics Department and the Computer Science and Engineering Department at the University of California, San Diego.
William Foster Garland
William Foster Garland (July 1, 1875 – March 19, 1941) was an Ontario merchant and political figure. He represented Carleton in the House of Commons of Canada as a Conservative member from 1912 to 1917 and from 1921 to 1935.

He was born in Bells Corners, Ontario in 1875, the son of Absalom Garland. He studied at the Ontario College of Pharmacy and became a druggist. In 1902, he married Margaret Green. Garland served on Ottawa City Council in 1912, representing Victoria Ward. He was first elected to the House of Commons in a 1912 by-election held after the death of Edward Kidd. Garland owned a drug store and lived in the Hintonburg neighbourhood of Ottawa.

Bells Corners
Bells Corners is a suburban neighbourhood in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is located along Robertson Road west of downtown, within Ottawa's western Greenbelt, in College Ward.  As of the 2021 Canadian census, the community had a population of 9,385.
1977 New Year Honours
The New Year Honours 1977 are appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms to celebrate the year passed and mark the beginning of 1977. The awards were announced on 30 December 1976 in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Barbados, Mauritius, Fiji, Grenada, and for Overseas Privy Councillors.

The recipients of honours are displayed as they were styled before their new honour and arranged by the country (in order of precedence) whose ministers advised the Queen on the appointments, then by honour with grades i.e. Knight/Dame Grand Cross, Knight/Dame Commander etc. and then divisions i.e. Civil, Diplomatic and Military as appropriate.

Inland Revenue
The Inland Revenue was, until April 2005, a department of the British Government responsible for the collection of direct taxation, including income tax, national insurance contributions, capital gains tax, inheritance tax, corporation tax, petroleum revenue tax and stamp duty. More recently, the Inland Revenue also administered the Tax Credits schemes, whereby monies, such as Working Tax Credit (WTC) and Child Tax Credit (CTC), are paid by the government into a recipient's bank account or as part of their wages. The Inland Revenue was also responsible for the payment of child benefit (from 1999).

The Inland Revenue was merged with HM Customs and Excise to form HM Revenue and Customs which came into existence on 18 April 2005. The current name was promoted by the use of the expression "from Revenue and Customs" in a series of annual radio, and to a lesser extent, television public information broadcasts in the 2000s and 2010s.
Carelse
Carelse is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adriaan Carelse (born 1995), South African rugby player

Brent Carelse (born 1981), South African football player

Gawie Carelse (1941–2002), South African rugby player

Glen Carelse, South African politician

Martin Carelse (born 1980), South African football player

Ramsay Carelse (born 1985), South African high jumper

Winston Carelse (born 1945), South African cricketer

Zeenat Carelse (born 1966), South African judge

Ramsay Carelse
Ramsay Carelse (born 30 October 1985) is a South African high jumper.

He was born in Somerset West, Western Cape. He finished fifth at the 2004 World Junior Championships, fifth at the 2006 Commonwealth Games and won the bronze medal at the 2006 African Championships. He also competed at the 2006 World Indoor Championships without reaching the final.

His personal best is 2.30 metres, achieved in March 2005 in Oudtshoorn.
Willis Hargrave
Willis Hargrave was an American politician who served as a member of the Illinois Senate.

Hargrave was a member of the First Illinois Constitutional Convention in 1818. He served as a state senator representing White County in the 1st Illinois General Assembly.

White County, Illinois
White County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 13,877. Its county seat is Carmi. It is located in the southern portion of Illinois known locally as "Little Egypt".
Denis Selimović
Denis Selimovič (born 22 June 1979) is a Slovenian retired professional footballer who played for Icelandic Premier League club Keflavik Football Club. He is of Bosnian origin.

Selimovič previously played for several Slovenian Premier league clubs, including Triglav Kranj, Ljubljana, Drava Ptuj, Primorje Ajdovščina and Interblock Ljubljana. He also played for Norwegian club Aalesunds FK in the Norwegian PL Tippeligaen and Bosnian club Željezničar Sarajevo in the Bosnian Premier League.

NK Triglav Kranj
Nogometni klub Triglav Kranj (English: Triglav Kranj Football Club), commonly referred to as NK Triglav Kranj or simply Triglav, is a Slovenian football club from Kranj that competes in the Slovenian Second League, the second highest league in Slovenia. The club was founded in 1920. In the mid-1990s, they merged with NK Naklo and were re-established under the current name Triglav Kranj.
Wellington Cepeda
Wellington Cepeda (born November 25, 1973) is a Dominican professional baseball coach and former pitcher who currently serves as the bullpen coach for the Arizona Diamondbacks of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has previously served as a manager in the Dominican Professional Baseball League. He played in minor league baseball as a right-handed pitcher from 1997 to 2000.

Visalia Rawhide
The Visalia Rawhide are a Minor League Baseball team of the California League and the Single-A affiliate of the Arizona Diamondbacks. They are located in Visalia, California, and have played their home games at Valley Strong Ballpark since their inception in 1946.

The team has had nine names, most of which reflected its changing major-league affiliates, most recently the Minnesota Twins, Colorado Rockies, Oakland A's, Tampa Bay Rays, and Diamondbacks. They took the name Rawhide in 2009.

In conjunction with Major League Baseball's restructuring of Minor League Baseball in 2021, the Rawhide were organized into the Low-A West at the Low-A classification. In 2022, the Low-A West became known as the California League, the name historically used by the regional circuit prior to the 2021 reorganization, and was reclassified as a Single-A circuit.
Laura Pierre
Laura Pierre-James (born 13 January 1956) is a Trinidad and Tobago sprinter. She competed in the women's 200 metres at the 1972 Summer Olympics. She was the first woman to represent Trinidad and Tobago at the Olympics.

Athletics at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Women's 200 metres
The women's 200 metres sprint event at the 1972 Olympic Games took place on September 4 & 7.  The favorite would have been Republic of China's Chi Cheng, who set world records in the 200 meters and 220 yards distances in 1970. She suffered a career ending injury at the end of 1970. An attempted surgery in 1971 failed. The top three ranked women in the world in 1971, were the three women on the podium in Munich—European Champion Renate Stecher (GDR) who won by 0.05 seconds, Commonwealth Champion Raelene Boyle (AUS), and the defending Champion Irena Szewinska of Poland.
Kaarel Tarand
Kaarel Tarand (born 20 September 1966) is an Estonian journalist and editor.

He was born in Tallinn to geographer, climatologist and politician Andres Tarand and radio journalist Mari Tarand. His older brother is politician Indrek Tarand. During 1987–1996 he studied philology and social sciences at the University of Tartu.

In 1996–1999, he was the editor of magazine Luup. Since 2002, he has worked as a columnist at newspaper Eesti Päevaleht. Since 2005, he has been a chief editor of newspaper Sirp.

Sirp
Sirp (lit. 'sickle'; formerly Sirp ja Vasar, 'sickle and hammer') is a newspaper published in Estonia. It mostly publishes articles on culture: art, literature, music, film, theatre, and architecture; also articles on sciences and social issues. From 1994 to 1997 the newspaper was issued under the name Kultuurileht (lit. 'cultural newspaper').

In 2006–2007 the paper carried an insert titled Kirp (lit. 'flea').
Litcham Common
Litcham Common is a  24.9-hectare (62-acre) Local Nature Reserve in   Norfolk. It is owned by Neil Foster, Lexham Estate, and managed by Norfolk County Council, Lexham Estate and  the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.

This heathland site has areas of acid grassland, wet and dry heath, scrub and mature oak and birch woodland.

There is access from Dunham Road and the Nar Valley Way, which both go through the common.

Local nature reserve
Local nature reserve (LNR) is a statutory designation for certain nature reserves in Great Britain. The Wild Life Conservation Special Committee established them and proposed a national suite of protected areas comprising national nature reserves, conservation areas (which incorporated suggestions for Sites of Special Scientific Interest), national parks, geological monuments, local nature reserves and local educational nature reserves.

There are now over 1,280 LNRs in England, covering almost 40,000 hectares, which range from windswept coastal headlands and ancient woodlands to former inner city railways and long abandoned landfill sites.
Lady Mastermind
Lady Mastermind is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Chris Claremont and artist Salvador Larroca, the character first appeared as Regan Wyngarde in X-Treme X-Men #6 (December 2001).

Regan Wyngarde is the daughter of Jason Wyngarde, the original Mastermind. Her half-sisters are Martinique Jason, the second Mastermind, who now shares her codename, and the X-Men's Pixie. Like her sister and father, Regan possesses the ability to cast telepathic illusions. Although the character originally appeared as a villain, she would later have a brief stint as an X-Man, betraying the X-Men a short time after joining them.

Supervillain
A supervillain, supervillainess or supercriminal is a variant of the villainous stock character. The character is a common archetype in comic books and other popular culture, often acting as the primary adversary of superheros.

Supervillains are often noted for their ability to foil heroes through the use of superpowers, their mental or physical capabilities, or their criminal influence, often creating grandiose schemes for nefarious purposes, such as world domination.
Abedani Kofun
The Abedani Kofun (安部谷古墳)  is a cluster of five Kofun period yokoanabo located in the Ōkusa neighborhood of the city of Matsue, Shimane in the San'in region of Japan. The cluster of tombs was collectively designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1934.

San'in region
The San'in Region (山陰地方, San'in Chihō) is an area in the southwest of Honshū, the main island of Japan. It consists of the northern part of the Chūgoku region, facing the Sea of Japan. Specifically, it is the two prefectures of Shimane and Tottori.
Go Getta
"Go Getta" is the second single from Def Jam artist Young Jeezy off his second album The Inspiration, it features singer R. Kelly. The song samples "Born On Halloween" by Blue Magic. It was released in late January. This song was #76 on Rolling Stone's list of the 100 Best Songs of 2007.

The making of the video (directed by Chris Robinson) was featured on BET's Access Granted on February 7, 2007. The Runners, Young Buck, and Slick Pulla made cameos in the video.

Young Buck
David Darnell Brown (born March 15, 1981), better known by his stage name Young Buck, is an American rapper. He was affiliated with Birdman's Cash Money Records in 1997, formed the hip hop collective UTP with Juvenile and Soulja Slim in 2000, and joined 50 Cent's group, G-Unit by 2003. In 2003, he signed with 50 Cent's G-Unit Records, an imprint of Interscope Records to release his debut studio album Straight Outta Cashville (2004) and its follow-up Buck the World (2007), both of which peaked at number three on the Billboard 200 and were met with critical praise.

Initially launched in 2005 as "G-Unit South", Brown's record label, Cashville Records, has released his subsequent projects following personal disputes with 50 Cent and his 2010 departure from G-Unit Records. Cashville has also signed hip hop acts including The Outlawz and C-Bo.
Moonpark
Moonpark is an Argentine music festival, held three times annually since 2003.  It is held in the Northeast of Buenos Aires city.  It is considered one of the most important dance and electronic music festivals in the country.

Some of the acts performed during its last editions included  Nick Warren, John Digweed, Sasha, Hernán Cattáneo, Satoshi Tomiie, Danny Howells, Carl Cox, Steve Lawler, Danny Tenaglia, James Zabiela, S.O.S., Luke Fair, Richie Hawtin and Loco Dice.

John Digweed
Thomas John Digweed (born April 1967) is a British DJ and record producer. As well as achieving success as a solo act, he has collaborated with Sasha as Sasha & John Digweed, and with Nick Muir as Bedrock. Digweed was voted as No. 1 DJ in DJ Mag in 2001.
Armenian Church, Focșani
The Armenian Church (Romanian: Biserica Armenească Sfântul Gheorghe) is an Armenian Apostolic church located at 22 Cotești Street in Focșani, Romania. It is dedicated to Saint George.

Built by local Armenians in the 18th century, the church sits on the site of a wooden church from 1600. A 1738 document mentions the sale of the plot. An Austrian map of 1789 depicts the church as incomplete.

It is in the Brâncovenesc style, ship-shaped with porch, narthex, nave and altar. The porch features arches that rest on octagonal stone columns. The door and window frames are decorated with plant motifs carved into the stone. Originally, the church had two octagonal spires above the narthex and nave, made of brick on square bases.

The church is listed as a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs, which supplies a completion date of 1789.

Armenians of Romania
Armenians have been present in what are now the states of Romania and Moldova for over a millennium, and have been an important presence as traders since the 14th century. Numbering only in the thousands in modern times, they were culturally suppressed in the Communist era, but have undergone a cultural revival since the Romanian Revolution of 1989.
Ministry of Finance (Austria)
The Ministry of Finance (German: Bundesministerium für Finanzen) is the government ministry of Austria responsible for the collection of taxes and customs as well as the administration of fiscal and economic policy. It oversees the Revenue Service, the Revenue Service for Large Businesses, the Financial Police, and various other agencies.

It is headquartered in the Winter Palace of Prince Eugene, Vienna. The current Minister is Markus Marterbauer.

Taxation in Austria
In Austria, taxes are levied by the state and the tax revenue in Austria was 42.7% of GDP in 2016 according to the World Bank The most important revenue source for the government is the income tax, corporate tax, social security contributions, value added tax and tax on goods and services. Another important taxes are municipal tax, real-estate tax, vehicle insurance tax, property tax, tobacco tax. There exists no property tax. The gift tax and inheritance tax were cancelled in 2008. Furthermore, self-employed persons can use a tax allowance of €3,900 per year. The tax period is set for a calendar year. However, there is a possibility of having an exception but a permission of the tax authority must be received. The Financial Secrecy Index ranks Austria as the 35th safest tax haven in the world.
Burg Scharfeneck
Burg Scharfeneck is a ruinous moated medieval castle near Mannersdorf am Leithagebirge, Lower Austria, Austria. Likely rebuilt after 1400, the keep was destroyed by lightning during a spring thunderstorm in 1555 and was never rebuilt. The castle's walls are rectangular in shape, with a deep moat running along its northern and eastern sides. There are four corner bastions, one on each corner of the rectangular walls, and the stone walls themselves are up to 4.5 metres thick. The keep was originally 24 metres high.

Lower Austria
Lower Austria (German: Niederösterreich pronounced [ˈniːdɐˌ(ʔ)øːstɐraɪç] ⓘ, Bavarian: Niedaöstareich, abbreviated LA or NÖ) is one of the nine states of Austria, located in the northeastern corner of the country. Major cities are Amstetten, Krems an der Donau, Wiener Neustadt and Sankt Pölten, which has been the capital of Lower Austria since 1986, replacing Vienna, which became a separate state in 1921. With a land area of 19,186 km2 (7,408 sq mi) and a population of 1.7 million people, Lower Austria is the largest and second-most-populous state in Austria (after Vienna).
Deep Space/Virgin Sky
Deep Space/Virgin Sky is a 1995 album by Jefferson Starship recorded live at the House of Blues in West Hollywood on the Sunset Strip.  The concert was performed as a benefit memorial for violinist Papa John Creach, who had died in 1994, with proceeds going to his family.

The original album rearranged the order of songs as performed and was divided into two parts with the first half featuring new material and the second half of the album featuring the classic hits of Jefferson Starship and Jefferson Airplane, including an appearance by Grace Slick performing vocals on "Law Man," "Wooden Ships," "Somebody to Love" and "White Rabbit."  It was the first time she had performed on stage since 1989.  In 2003, the entire concert was released as a double CD entitled Deeper Space/Extra Virgin Sky with the original order of the performance restored.

House of Blues
House of Blues is an American chain of live music concert halls and restaurants. It was founded by Isaac Tigrett, the co-founder of Hard Rock Cafe, and Dan Aykroyd, co-star of the 1980 film The Blues Brothers. The first location opened at Harvard Square in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on November 26, 1992 (Thanksgiving Day). The chain has been a division of Live Nation Entertainment since July 2006, and there are 11 locations throughout the United States as of 2025.
Okuōikojō Station
Okuōikojō Station (奥大井湖上駅, Okuōikojō-eki) is a train station in Kawanehon, Haibara District, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, operated by the Ōigawa Railway. Okuōikojō Station is served by the Ikawa Line and is located 13.9 kilometers from the line's official starting point at Senzu.

Haibara District, Shizuoka
Haibara (榛原郡, Haibara-gun) is a rural district located in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.

As of July 2012, the district has an estimated population of 37,550 and a population density of 72.6 persons per km2. The total area was 517.56 km2.
Neferukayet
Neferukayet was an ancient Egyptian princess and queen of the Eleventh Dynasty.

Her name is only known from her steward Rediukhnum's stela, which was found in Dendera (now in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, CG 20543). She is possibly identical with the mother of Intef III, whose name was Neferu. Neferukayet also bore the titles "king's daughter" (z3.t-nỉsw.t), "king's beloved wife" (ḥm.t-nỉsw.t mrỉỉ.t=f) and "royal ornament" (ẖkr.t-nỉsw.t), based on this, she was likely the daughter of Intef I and the wife of Intef II.

Furthermore, in the tomb of king Intef III was found a relief fragment naming a woman called Neferukau. Silke Roth argued that Neferukau is just a different writing for the name Neferukayet. Neferu would be just a short version of the name Neferukau/Neferukayet.

Intef III
Intef III was the third pharaoh of the Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt during the late First Intermediate Period in the 21st century BC, at a time when Egypt was divided in two kingdoms. The son of his predecessor Intef II and father of his successor Mentuhotep II, Intef III reigned for 8 years over Upper Egypt and extended his domain North against the 10th Dynasty state, perhaps as far north as the 17th nome. He undertook some building activity on Elephantine. Intef III is buried in a large saff tomb at El-Tarif known as Saff el-Barqa.
2018 in the sport of athletics
In 2018, no world outdoor athletics championships was held. Major events held during the year included the 2018 IAAF World Indoor Championships, 2018 IAAF Continental Cup, 2018 IAAF World Race Walking Team Championships, and 2018 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships.

Luvo Manyonga
Luvo Manyonga (born 8 January 1991) is a South African track and field athlete who specialises in the long jump. He won the 2017 World Championship in London and the 2018 Commonwealth Games title in the Gold Coast, Australia. He was the Olympic silver medallist in 2016 in Rio de Janeiro.

Manyonga was world junior champion in 2010, and the African Games champion in 2011. He competed at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics, placing fifth. He was the runner-up at the 2016 African Championships in Athletics.

During his career, Manyonga has been served  with two doping bans. His second ban  was issued in June 2021 when he was given a four-year ban following failure to provide anti-doping officials with sufficient information to complete drug testing. The ban lasted until December 2024.

He holds a personal best of 8.65 m (28 ft 4+1⁄2 in), set in 2017 in Potchefstroom.
2015 Tour of Belgium
The 2015 Tour of Belgium (known as the 2015 Baloise Belgium Tour for sponsorship purposes) was the 85th edition of the Tour of Belgium cycling stage race. It took place from 27 to 31 May 2015 in Belgium, and was part of the 2015 UCI Europe Tour. It was won by home rider Greg Van Avermaet, riding for the BMC Racing Team.

CCC Pro Team
CCC Pro Team (UCI team code: CCC) was a UCI WorldTeam co-owned and managed by American cyclist Jim Ochowicz, who founded the 7-Eleven Cycling Team. After its last title sponsor, CCC, a Polish shoe retailer, pulled out due to financial difficulties resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, Ochowicz was unable to find another major sponsor, so the team disbanded at the end of the 2020 season. In its place, Belgian UCI ProTeam Circus–Wanty Gobert took over the team's license and was promoted to a UCI WorldTeam.