hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cobblestone Farm and Museum
The Cobblestone Farm and Museum, which includes the Dr. Benajah Ticknor House (also known as the Ticknor-Campbell House) is an historical museum located at 2781 Packard Road in Ann Arbor Michigan. The museum gets its name from the cobblestone used to build the farmhouse. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972 and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1973.

Farmhouse
A farmhouse is a building that serves as the primary quarters in a rural or agricultural setting. Historically, farmhouses were often combined with space for animals called a housebarn. Other farmhouses may be connected to one or more barns, built to form a courtyard, or with each farm building separate from each other.
Founder mode
Founder mode is a term used and popularized by Y Combinator co-founder Paul Graham in a September 2024 essay in response to a talk delivered by Airbnb co-founder Brian Chesky. It describes a specific kind of leadership in which a founder has a direct, hands-on approach to their company rather than breaking up and delegating responsibility through a top-down structure. Often cited examples of leaders embodying founder mode include Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, and Jensen Huang.

Immediately after its online publication, Graham's essay led to widespread debate and discourse about the different methodologies regarding how to run a company, the pros and cons of micromanagement, and the nature of founder personalities versus that of non-founders, among other relevant concerns. It also spurred many memes, jokes, and stereotypes about the culture surrounding Silicon Valley and big tech.

Big Tech
The Big Tech companies, also known as the tech giants or tech titans, are the largest and most influential technology companies in the world. The term Big Tech often refers to the largest six tech companies in the United States, Alphabet (Google), Amazon, Apple, Meta (Facebook), Microsoft, and Nvidia, which are also the largest companies in the world by market capitalization. Other companies sometimes included in the group include Tesla, Oracle, and Netflix.

The term Big Tech is similar to other popular terms for large industries, such as Big Oil, Big Soda, or Big Tobacco. Big Tech can also include large Chinese tech companies like Baidu, Alibaba, Tencent, and Xiaomi, collectively referred to as BATX.
Alfaro (fish)
Alfaro is a genus of poeciliid fishes endemic to Central America. The generic name honours the Costa Rican archaeologist, geologist, ethnologist, zoologist and Director of the National Museum of Costa Rica, Anastasio Alfaro (1865-1951).

Anastasio Alfaro
Anastasio Alfaro (February 16, 1865 – January 20, 1951) was a Costa Rican zoologist, geologist and explorer.

Alfaro was director of the National Museum of Costa Rica, and whilst holding this position arranged the Costa Rican display at the Historical American Exposition in Madrid. The Limon worm salamander Oedipina alfaroi, and the Azteca alfari ant are named after him.
Test matches in England in 2005
There were seven Test matches played in England in 2005. The first two were against Bangladesh, the bottom-ranked test team. England started this series ranked second in the LG ICC Test Championship table.

The remaining tests were played for the Ashes against Australia, the top-ranked team in the world.  The series is widely regarded as one of the best ever played.

Matthew Hoggard
Matthew James Hoggard, MBE (born 31 December 1976) is a former English cricketer, who played international cricket for England cricket team from 2000 to 2008, playing both Test cricket and One Day Internationals. The 6' 2" Hoggard was a right arm fast-medium bowler and right-handed batsman.

He was the captain of Leicestershire from 2010 until he announced his retirement in 2013. Previous to this he played for Yorkshire for a total of thirteen years.
Mayes McLain
Mayes Watt McLain (April 16, 1905 – March 6, 1983), also known as Watt Mayes McLain, was an American football player and professional wrestler.  He played college football for the Haskell Institute from 1925 to 1926 and for the University of Iowa in 1928.  In 1926, he set college football's single-season scoring record with 253 points on 38 touchdowns, 19 extra point kicks, and two field goals.  His record of 38 touchdowns in a season stood for more than 60 years until 1988.

McLain later played in the National Football League (NFL), under the name Chief McLain, for the Portsmouth Spartans (1930-1931) and Staten Island Stapletons (1931).  After retiring from football, McLain worked as a professional wrestler, sometimes under the name the "Masked Manager", from 1933 to 1953.

Sydney Stadium
The Sydney Stadium also known as the Rushcutters Bay Stadium was a sporting and entertainment venue in Sydney, which formerly stood on the corner of New South Head Road and Neild Avenue, Rushcutters Bay. Built in 1908, it was demolished in 1970 to make way for the construction of the Eastern Suburbs Railway.
Broad Mountain Wind Energy Center
The Broad Mountain Wind Energy Center was a proposed wind farm planned for construction on the slopes of Broad Mountain in West Mahanoy and Butler townships in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania. The first phase of the project was blocked by legal action in the Courts of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, though initial funding was allocated, and would have included 8 Gamesa 2MW Wind Turbines that were planned to have been operational in late 2011. Phase two of the project will include 27 additional 2MW wind turbines.

If released by the courts, the new 8 turbine wind farm will have a combined total theoretical peak capacity of 70 MW and produce enough electricity annually to power about 21,000 homes.

Along with wind turbines from nearby Locust Ridge Wind Farm, nearly all of the large wind turbines of Broad Mountain will be visible from Interstate 81 near Frackville, Pennsylvania.

Broad Mountain (Lehigh Valley)
Broad Mountain or Broad Ridge in the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians in Carbon County and Schuylkill County in Pennsylvania is a steep-faced, anthracite-bearing barrier ridge just south of both Beaver Meadows and Weatherly, north of Nesquehoning and west and south of the Lehigh River basin west of the southwest border of the Poconos. The mountain ridge line is mostly flat and looks very similar to the man-made piles of culm in the region from the roads and towns looking up.
Calf Island (Michigan)
Calf Island /ˈkæf/ is an island in the Detroit River, in Michigan.  It has a surface elevation of 571 ft (174 m). It is located in the Trenton Channel, about 1,000 ft (300 m) west of the southern tip of Grosse Ile and Swan Island, and Hamburg Island is just to the northwest. The 7-acre (2.8 ha) island is administered locally by Grosse Ile Township.

Added in 2002, Calf Island was one of the newer additions to the Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge.  Under the refuge, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources identifies more than 29 species of waterfowl and 65 kinds of fish that make their home in and around the waters of Calf Island.  The island often serves as a nesting location for a small number of herons.  Calf Island is the smallest property added to the refuge, and the island has remained relatively isolated and unused compared to other areas in the region.

Anseriformes
Anseriformes is an order of birds   also known as waterfowl that comprises about 180 living species of birds in three families: Anhimidae (three species of screamers), Anseranatidae (the magpie goose), and Anatidae, the largest family, which includes over 170 species of waterfowl, among them the ducks, geese, and swans. Most modern species in the order are highly adapted for an aquatic existence at the water surface. With the exception of screamers, males have penises, a trait that has been lost in the Neoaves, the clade consisting of all other modern birds except the galliformes and paleognaths. Due to their aquatic nature, most species are web-footed.
Hakkaisan Ropeway
The Hakkaisan Ropeway (八海山ロープウェイ, Hakkaisan Rōpuwei) is a Japanese aerial lift line in Minamiuonuma, Niigata, operated by Prince Hotels. The line opened in 1983 as a gondola lift line, and refurbished as an aerial tramway in 2001. It climbs Mount Hakkai (八海山) of Muikamachi Hakkaisan Ski Resort (六日町八海山スキー場). The line mainly transports skiers, but also hikers and autumn color spectators in other seasons. The line only operates in "winter" (from December to March) and "summer" (from May to October).

Autumn leaf color
Autumn leaf color is a phenomenon that affects the normally green leaves of many deciduous trees and shrubs by which they take on, during a few weeks in the autumn season, various shades of yellow, orange, red, purple, and brown. The phenomenon is commonly called autumn colours or autumn foliage in British English and fall colors, fall foliage, or simply foliage in American English.

In some areas of Canada and the United States, "leaf peeping" tourism is a major contribution to economic activity. This tourist activity occurs between the beginning of color changes and the onset of leaf fall, usually around September to November in the Northern Hemisphere and March to May in the Southern Hemisphere.
Aashirvaad
Aashirvaad is a brand of staple food and kitchen ingredients owned by ITC Limited. The Aashirvaad brand was launched in 2002 and its range of products include atta, salt, spices, instant food mixes, dairy products, and superfoods.

Superfood
Superfood is a marketing term for food claimed to confer health benefits resulting from an exceptional nutrient density. The term is not commonly used by experts, dietitians and nutrition scientists, most of whom dispute that particular foods have the health benefits claimed by their advocates. Even without scientific evidence of exceptional nutrient content, many new, exotic, and foreign fruits or ancient grains are marketed under the term – or superfruit or supergrain respectively – after being introduced or re-introduced to Western markets.

In 2007, the marketing of products as "superfoods" was prohibited in the European Union unless accompanied by a specific authorized health claim supported by credible scientific research.
Doyle Salewski Inc
Doyle Salewski Inc. is a Licensed Insolvency Trustee  firm specializing in corporate and personal insolvency and is based in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Personal services include credit counselling, bankruptcy and consumer proposals. Doyle Salewski Inc. also provides corporate insolvency services as a Licensed Insolvency Trustee under the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act; monitoring under the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act; corporate proposals and bankruptcies; and acting as receiver or receiver and manager.

Credit counseling
Credit counseling (known in the United Kingdom as debt counseling) is a process used to help individual debtors overcome their debt through financial education, budgeting, debt management plans (DMPs) – known in the United Kingdom as the individual voluntary arrangement (IVA) – and a variety of other tools with the goal of reducing and ultimately eliminating debt.

Credit counseling is often provided by credit counseling agencies (CCAs). These agencies work with consumers to help them understand their financial situations and explore the best ways to repay their debts.

Regulations on credit counseling and credit counseling agencies vary by country and sometimes within regions of the countries themselves. In the United States, individuals filing bankruptcy are required to receive credit counseling.
Hatice Bahar Özgüvenç
Hatice Bahar Özgüvenç (born 10 June 1984) is a Turkish  female football manager and former women's football player. She coaches Fatih Karagümrük. She was a member of the Turkish national team.

Özgüvenç serves as teacher for physical education in a primary school in Muratlı town of Tekirdağ Province.

Ataşehir Belediyespor
Ataşehir Belediyespor is a Turkish sports club based in the Ataşehir district of Istanbul. It is known for its women's football team that won the Turkish championship in 2011, in the fourth year of its existence. They defended their title successfully in 2012.
Wickham Market Hoard
52°09′00″N 1°22′01″E﻿ / ﻿52.15°N 1.367°E﻿ / 52.15; 1.367

The Wickham Market Hoard is a hoard of 840 Iron Age gold staters found in a field at Dallinghoo near Wickham Market, Suffolk, England in March 2008 by car mechanic, Michael Dark using a metal detector. After excavation of the site, a total of 825 coins were found, and by the time the hoard was declared treasure trove, 840 coins had been discovered. The coins date from 40 BC to 15 AD.

The hoard was described as "the largest hoard of British Iron Age gold coins to be studied in its entirety", and was also significant in providing "a lot of new information about the Iron Age, and particularly East Anglia in the late Iron Age". It was the largest hoard of staters to be found since the Whaddon Chase Iron Age hoard in 1849.

In June 2011, the hoard was purchased by Ipswich Museum for the sum of £316,000.

Stater
The stater (/ˈsteɪtər, stɑːˈtɛər/; Ancient Greek: στατήρ, pronounced [statɛ̌ːr], romanized: statḗr, lit. 'weight') was an ancient coin used in various regions of Greece. The term is also used for similar coins, imitating Greek staters, minted elsewhere in ancient Europe.
Visa requirements for Belarusian citizens
Visa requirements for Belarusian citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Belarus by the authorities of other states.

Belarusian citizens in other countries can also benefit from the mobility rights arrangements within the Commonwealth of Independent States and the rules of the single market of the Eurasian Economic Union.

As of 2026, Belarusian citizens had visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 79 countries and territories, ranking the Belarusian passport 60th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index.

Henley Passport Index
The Henley Passport Index is an annual global ranking of countries according to the travel freedom allowed by those countries' ordinary passports for their citizens. It was launched in 2005 as Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index and was updated to Henley Passport Index in January 2018. The index is updated on a quarterly basis to reflect changes in global visa policies.

The index annually ranks 199 passports of the world by the number of countries that their holders can travel to without requiring a visa. The number of countries that a specific passport can access becomes its visa-free "score". The data is obtained from the International Air Transport Association (IATA)'s Timatic documentation requirements database.
Sakurazaka46
Sakurazaka46 (櫻坂46; Sakurazaka Forty-six), formerly Keyakizaka46 (欅坂46; Keyakizaka Forty-six), is a Japanese idol girl group produced by Yasushi Akimoto. The group was created on August 21, 2015, becoming Nogizaka46's first sister group under the Sakamichi Series. The group was rebranded as Sakurazaka46 after their last concert on October 13, 2020. The group's fans are known as Buddies.

As Keyakizaka46, the group had released nine singles, eight of which topped the Oricon Singles Chart and Billboard Japan Hot 100.  The group had also released three compilation albums, one of which was released by Hiragana Keyakizaka46, a subgroup who later became an independent group, Hinatazaka46. Additionally, the group hosts multiple variety shows, radio programs, and television dramas.

Billboard Japan Hot 100
The Billboard Japan Hot 100 is a record chart in Japan for songs. It has been compiled by Billboard Japan and Hanshin Contents Link since February 2008. The chart is updated every Wednesday at Billboard-japan.com (JST) and every Thursday at Billboard.com (UTC).

The first number-one song on the chart was "Stay Gold" by Hikaru Utada on the issue dated January 16, 2008. The first number-one song on the chart by a non-Japanese artist was "Bleeding Love" by Leona Lewis in the issue dated April 30, 2008. The current number-one on the chart as of the issue dated February 25, 2026, is "Bakuretsu Aishiteru" by M!lk.
Chaka Salt Lake
Chaka Salt Lake (Chinese: 茶卡盐湖; pinyin: Chákǎ Yánhú; Standard Tibetan: ཚྭ་ཁ་མཚོ་) is a salt lake in Ulan County, Haixi Prefecture, Qinghai, China. The oval-shaped lake is located near the eastern end of Qaidam Basin, 298 kilometres (185 mi) to the west of the provincial capital Xining. The name "Chaka" (ཚྭ་ཁ) means "salt lake" in Tibetan.

A branch railway connects the town of Chaka to the Qinghai–Tibet railway. Originally constructed for transporting salt, the line is nowadays used by tourist trains from Xining, with a travel time of over 4 hours.

Chaka Lake is a major tourist destination and a key salt mine in Qinghai. In 2018, it received more than 3 million visitors. The lake is famous for its crystal-blue water and reflective lake bed, and is popularly known as "Mirror of the Sky".

Salt lake
A salt lake or saline lake is a landlocked body of water that has a concentration of salts (typically sodium chloride) and other dissolved minerals significantly higher than most lakes (often defined as at least three grams of salt per liter). In some cases, salt lakes have a higher concentration of salt than sea water; such lakes can also be termed hypersaline lake, and may also be pink lakes on account of their color. An alkalic salt lake that has a high content of carbonate is sometimes termed a soda lake.

Salt lakes are classified according to salinity levels. The formation of these lakes is influenced by processes such as evaporation and deposition. Salt lakes face serious conservation challenges due to climate change, pollution and water diversion.
Methylthioadenosine nucleosidase
In enzymology, a methylthioadenosine nucleosidase (EC 3.2.2.16) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + H2O  S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribose + adenine

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine and H2O, whereas its two products are S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribose and adenine.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those glycosylases that hydrolyse N-glycosyl compounds.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine adeninehyrolase. Other names in common use include 5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase, MTA nucleosidase, MeSAdo nucleosidase, and methylthioadenosine methylthioribohydrolase.  This enzyme participates in urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups and methionine metabolism.

Urea cycle
The urea cycle (also known as the ornithine cycle) is a cycle of biochemical reactions that produces urea (NH2)2CO from ammonia (NH3). Animals that use this cycle, mainly amphibians and mammals, are called ureotelic.

The urea cycle converts highly toxic ammonia to urea for excretion. This cycle was the first metabolic cycle to be discovered by Hans Krebs and Kurt Henseleit in 1932, five years before the discovery of the TCA cycle. The urea cycle was described in more detail later on by Ratner and Cohen. The urea cycle takes place primarily in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the kidneys.
Shankar Salim Simon
Shankar Salim Simon is a 1978 Indian Tamil-language masala film directed by P. Madhavan. It stars Vijayakumar as Shankar, Jai Ganesh as Salim and Rajinikanth as Simon. The film was inspired by the 1977 Hindi film Amar Akbar Anthony, and was released on 10 February 1978.

P. Madhavan
Palakrishnan Madhavan (1 January 1928 – 16 December 2003) was an Indian film director and producer in Tamil cinema in the 1960s and 1970s. Madhavan has directed 49 films and produced 39 films under the banner Arun Prasad Movies.
Eastern Upper Carniolan subdialect
The Eastern Upper Carniolan subdialect (vzhodnogorenjski govor, vzhodna gorenjščina, vzhodnogorenjsko podnarečje) is a Slovene subdialect in the Upper Carniolan dialect group. It is spoken in the eastern part of Upper Carniola, east of a line running west of Špitalič, Trojane, and Kisovec, then east of Vače and Zgornji Hotič, and then south along the Sava to east of Dol pri Ljubljani.

Kisovec
Kisovec (pronounced [ˈkiːsɔʋəts]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Zagorje ob Savi in central Slovenia. The settlement developed around the local coal mine, closed in 1952. Since 1978 a factory producing aerated autoclaved concrete has been in operation in the settlement and provided employment for local people.  The area is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Sava Statistical Region.
Lake Tarpon
Lake Tarpon is a freshwater lake located about 10 miles (16 km) west of Tampa in Palm Harbor and Tarpon Springs, Florida. Lake Tarpon is the largest freshwater lake in Pinellas County with a surface area of 2,534 acres (10.25 km2).
Its watershed encompasses 52 square miles (130 km2). Its two largest tributaries are South Creek and Brooker Creek.
The lake is a regional recreational destination and is renowned for its largemouth bass fishing.

Although Lake Tarpon is designated as a fishing lake, it fails to meet the EPA's standards, and is therefore listed as an impaired lake due to its excessive nutrients and resulting low dissolved oxygen levels. The lake underwent increasing eutrophication during the 1990s, following a large algal bloom in 1987. Although initial studies determined that the lake was not polluted, studies in the following years noted a decline in the lake's water quality.

Tarpon Springs, Florida
Tarpon Springs is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. Downtown Tarpon Springs has long been a focal point and underwent beautification in 2010. It is part of the Tampa Bay area. Its population was 25,117 at the 2020 census.

As of 2000, Tarpon Springs had the highest percentage of Greek Americans of any city in the US, with 10.4% of residents who had Greek ancestry.
Human Touch
Human Touch is the ninth studio album by American singer-songwriter Bruce Springsteen. The album was released on March 27, 1992, the same day as Lucky Town. It was the more popular of the two, peaking at number two on the US Billboard 200 chart, and lead single "Human Touch" (double A-side single with Lucky Town's "Better Days") peaking at number one on the Mainstream Rock and number 16 on the Billboard Hot 100 charts. "Human Touch" has since been certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for over one million copies sold in the US, and was nominated for Best Rock Vocal Performance at the 1993 Grammy Awards.

Bobby Hatfield
Robert Lee Hatfield (August 10, 1940 – November 5, 2003) was an American singer. He and Bill Medley performed together as the Righteous Brothers. He sang the tenor part for the duo and sang solo on the group's 1965 recording of "Unchained Melody".
Zing-Yang Kuo
Kuo Zing-yang (or Z. Y. Kuo; simplified Chinese: 郭任远; traditional Chinese: 郭任遠; pinyin: Guō Rènyuǎn; Jyutping: Kuo Yam6 Yun5; 1898–1970) was a  Chinese experimental and physiological psychologist. He was a renowned educator and is also notable as having been the President of Zhejiang University, who was expelled by Zhejiang students in 1935.

Kuo was known as "Out-Watsons Mr. Watson" in the international anti-instinct movement.

Experimental psychology
Experimental psychology is the work done by those who apply experimental methods to psychological study and the underlying processes. Experimental psychologists employ human participants and animal subjects to study a great many topics, including (among others) sensation, perception, memory, cognition, learning, motivation, emotion; developmental processes, social psychology, and the neural substrates of all of these.