hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mark Earley
Mark Lawrence Earley (born July 26, 1954) is an American attorney and former politician. A Republican, he was elected to the Virginia State Senate (1988–1997), and then elected Attorney General of Virginia (1998 to 2001). In 2001, he resigned as Attorney General to focus his time on the 2001 campaign for Governor of Virginia. He ran to succeed James Gilmore, but lost to Democrat Mark Warner.

Governor of Virginia
The governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The governor is head of the executive branch of the government of Virginia and is the commander-in-chief of the Virginia National Guard and Virginia Defense Force.

Three signatories of the Declaration of Independence served as governor of Virginia and three governors became president of the United States: Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, and John Tyler.

The current officeholder is Abigail Spanberger, a member of the Democratic Party who took office on January 17, 2026. She is Virginia's first female governor.
John L. Greene
John L. Greene (November 10, 1912 – October 4, 1995) was an American screenwriter. He was the creator of the American science fiction sitcom My Favorite Martian.

Greene started his career in the 1930s writing for radio programs. He started writing for television in 1951 on the short film Tinhorn Troubadors. His television credits include  The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet, Our Miss Brooks, Bewitched, Petticoat Junction, The Real McCoys, The Andy Griffith Show, Green Acres and I Dream of Jeannie. He retired in 1976, last writing credits being for 2 episodes of Chico and the Man.

Greene died in October 1995 of natural causes in Los Angeles, California, at the age of 82.

Our Miss Brooks
Our Miss Brooks is an American sitcom starring Eve Arden as a sardonic high-school English teacher. It began as a radio show broadcast on CBS from 1948 to 1957. When the show was adapted to television (1952–56), it became one of the medium's earliest hits. In 1956, the sitcom was adapted for the big screen in the film of the same name.
ABC@Home
ABC@Home was an educational and non-profit network computing project finding abc-triples related to the abc conjecture in number theory using the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) volunteer computing platform.

In March 2011, there were more than 7,300 active participants from 114 countries with a total BOINC credit of more than 2.9 billion, reporting about 10 teraflops (10 trillion operations per second) of processing power.

In 2011, the project met its goal of finding all abc-triples of at most 18 digits. By 2015, the project had found 23.8 million triples in total, and ceased operations soon after.

Floating point operations per second
Floating point operations per second (FLOPS, flops or flop/s) is a measure of computer performance in computing, useful in fields of scientific computations that require floating-point calculations.

For such cases, it is a more accurate measure than instructions per second.
A Perfect Day for Love Letters
A Perfect Day for Love Letters (Japanese: 恋文日和, Hepburn: Koibumi Biyori) is a Japanese manga short story series written and illustrated by George Asakura. Each story depicts a relationship that revolves around the use of love letters. The stories were originally published by Kodansha in the shōjo (aimed at teenage girls) manga magazine Bessatsu Friend, and collected in two bound volumes. A Perfect Day for Love Letters received the Kodansha Manga Award for shōjo manga along with Oi Piitan!! by Risa Itou in 2005. A live action film adaptation premiered in Japan on December 4, 2004. It was also adapted into a Japanese television drama in 2014.

Kodansha Manga Award
The Kodansha Manga Award (講談社漫画賞, Kōdansha Manga Shō) is one of Japan's major manga awards. The event is sponsored by publisher Kodansha. It has been awarded annually for serialized manga in its third iteration since 1977.
Franz Burchard Dörbeck
Franz Burchard Dörbeck (21 February [O.S. 10] 1799 in Fellin  –  2 October [O.S. 20 September] 1835 in Fellin) was a Baltic German graphic artist and caricaturist born in Fellin (now Viljandi, Viljandi County, Estonia) in what was then the Governorate of Livonia

From 1814 to 1816 Dörbeck studied engraving with Fritz Neyer in Saint Petersburg. After the early death of his first wife, Dörbeck moved to Riga where he was active from 1820 as a portrait artist. In 1823 Dörbeck moved to Berlin, Kingd I m of Prussia where he continued as a graphic artist and book illustrator. He gained fame with his caricatures published in newspapers. Dörbeck died in 1835 in Viljandi.

In the 1960s one of the streets in Berlin's Spandau district was named after him: Dörbeckweg.

In Estonian cultural history Dörbeck is known as the author of the only surviving portrait of Kristjan Jaak Peterson, the founder of modern Estonian poetry.

Kristjan Jaak Peterson
Kristjan Jaak Peterson (14 March [O.S. 2 March] 1801, Riga – 4 August [O.S. 23 July] 1822, Riga), also known as Christian Jacob Petersohn, was an Estonian poet, commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national literature and the founder of modern Estonian poetry.

His birthday on March 14 is celebrated in Estonia as Mother Tongue Day.
Martje Venter Hospital
Martje Venter Hospital is a Provincial government funded hospital for the Enoch Mgijima Local Municipality area in Tarkastad in South Africa.

The hospital departments include Emergency department, Out Patients Department, Paediatric ward, Maternity ward, Surgical Services, Medical Services, Operating Theatre & CSSD Services, Pharmacy, Anti-Retroviral (ARV) treatment for HIV/AIDS, VCT, Laundry Services, Kitchen Services and Mortuary.

Operating theater
An operating theater (or operation theater, OT; also known as an operating room or OR, as well as an operating suite or operation suite) is a facility within a hospital where surgical operations are carried out in an aseptic environment.

Historically, the term operating theater referred to a non-sterile, tiered theater or amphitheater in which students and other spectators could watch surgeons perform surgery. Contemporary operating rooms are usually devoid of a theater setting, making the term operating theater a misnomer in those cases.
Ministry of Communications and Information (Kazakhstan)
The Ministry of Communications and Information of the Republic of Kazakhstan (MCI RK, Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасы Байланыс және ақпарат министрлігі, romanized: Qazaqstan Respublikasy Bailanys jäne aqparat ministrlıgı, [bɑjlɑnˈəs ʒæˈnɛ ɑxpɑrˈɑt mʲiˈnʲɪstrləɡə], ҚР БАМ; Russian: Министерство связи и информации Республики Казахстан, romanized: Ministerstvo svyazi i informatsii Respubliki Kazakhstan, MSI RK, МСИ РК) was a ministerial body of the Government of Kazakhstan as part of the Cabinet of Ministers. The Ministry was responsible for communications and in the areas of informational, media, archiving and documentation, automation of public services and coordination of public service activities.

Askar Zhumagaliyev
Asqar Quanyşūly Jūmağaliev (Kazakh: Асқар Қуанышұлы Жұмағалиев; born 2 August 1972) is a Kazakh politician. He was the Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan from 29 August 2017 until the government was dismissed on 25 February 2019. Jūmağaliev was the Deputy Minister for Investment and Development of Kazakhstan, chief executive officer of Kazatomprom, Kazakhstan's uranium mining company.
2019 Wiesbaden Tennis Open – Doubles
Hélène Scholsen and Chanel Simmonds were the defending champions, but Simmonds chose not to participate. Scholsen partnered alongside İpek Soylu, but lost to Ágnes Bukta and Julia Terziyska in the first round.

Anna Blinkova and Yanina Wickmayer won the title, defeating Jaimee Fourlis and Kathinka von Deichmann in the final, 6–3, 4–6, [10–3].

Anna Blinkova
Anna Vladimirovna Blinkova (born 10 September 1998) is a Russian professional tennis player. She has a career-high WTA singles ranking of No. 34, achieved on 7 August 2023, and a best doubles ranking of world No. 45, achieved on 14 September 2020. She has won two singles and three doubles titles on the WTA Tour.

Blinkova also has one singles and one doubles title each on WTA Challenger Tour, as well as four singles and eleven doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.

She was runner-up at the 2015 Wimbledon Championships in girls' singles and had a best ITF combined junior ranking of No. 3 in August 2015.
National Cultural Ecosystem Conservation Areas of China
A National Cultural Ecosystem Conservation Area (NCECA) is a specific area designated by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People's Republic of China.  Created to holistically protecting cultural patterns that are historically and culturally rich, in good state of existence and have important values and distinctive features, its core function is to preserve the intangible cultural heritage in China.

Twenty-one out of twenty-three conservation areas were formally designated by the Ministry.  The rest of them are technically called "experiment areas".  A formal designation as "National Cultural Ecosystem Conservation Area" will only be granted upon completion of the project, subject to inspection and acceptance by the Ministry.

Ministry of Culture and Tourism (China)
The Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People's Republic of China is a constituent department of the State Council of China in charge of culture and tourism.

The ministry was established on 19 March 2018 based on the Ministry of Culture and the China National Tourism Administration.
Bryan Stone
Bryan P. Stone (born 1959) is an American theologian who became the Leighton K. Farrell Endowed Dean of Perkins School of Theology at Southern Methodist University in June 2025. He was formerly the Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and the E. Stanley Jones Professor of Evangelism at Boston University School of Theology, and a Co-founder/co-director of the Center for Practical Theology. Stone writes on topics related to both systematic theology and practical theology. He is associated with both postliberalism and Christian pacifism, having been influenced by thinkers such as John Howard Yoder, Stanley Hauerwas, Alasdair MacIntyre, and John Wesley, and in his earliest work with liberation theology and process theology. Stone is also a scholar of theology and film, having written and taught on the subject extensively. His newest book, forthcoming from Routledge Press, is entitled Christianity and Horror Cinema.

Christian pacifism
Christian pacifism is the theological and ethical position according to which pacifism and non-violence have both a scriptural and rational basis for Christians, and affirms that any form of violence is incompatible with the Christian faith. Christian pacifists state that Jesus himself was a pacifist who taught and practiced pacifism and that his followers must do likewise. Notable Christian pacifists include Martin Luther King Jr., Leo Tolstoy, Adin Ballou, Dorothy Day, Ammon Hennacy, and brothers Daniel and Philip Berrigan.

Christian anarchists, such as Ballou and Hennacy, believe that adherence to Christianity requires not just pacifism but, because governments inevitably threatened or used force to resolve conflicts, anarchism. Most Christian pacifists, including the peace churches, Christian Peacemaker Teams, and individuals like John Howard Yoder, make no claim to be anarchists.
Jim Smith (Nebraska politician)
Jim Smith (born February 9, 1959) is a Nebraska business leader and former American politician who served as a member of the unicameral Nebraska Legislature. He was born in Pensacola, Florida, and resides in Papillion, Nebraska.   Smith was a member of the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) and served on the organization's National Board of Directors.

Papillion, Nebraska
Papillion is a city in and the county seat of Sarpy County, Nebraska, United States. The city developed in the 1870s as a railroad town and suburb of Omaha. The city is part of the larger five-county metro area of Omaha. Papillion's population was 24,159 at the 2020 census, making it the 7th most populous city in Nebraska. Its growth since the late 20th century has reflected Omaha's.

Google and Meta Platforms have several data centers in Papillion.
Median trick
The median trick is a generic approach that increases the chances of a probabilistic algorithm to succeed. Apparently first used in 1986 by Jerrum et al. for approximate counting algorithms, the technique was later applied to a broad selection of classification and regression problems.

The idea of median trick is very simple: run the randomized algorithm with  numeric output multiple times, and use the median of the obtained results as a final answer. For example, if an algorithm takes a set of data as input, and has sublinear runtime, then the same algorithm can be run repeatedly (or in parallel) over randomly sampled subsets of input data, and, per Chernoff inequality, the median of the results will converge to solution rapidly. Similarly, for the algorithms that are sublinear in space (e.g., counting the distinct elements of a stream), different randomizations of the algorithm (say, with different hash functions) may be used for repeated runs over the same data.

Approximate counting algorithm
The approximate counting algorithm allows the counting of a large number of events using a small amount of memory.  Invented in 1977 by Robert Morris of Bell Labs, it uses probabilistic techniques to increment the counter.  It was fully analyzed in the early 1980s by Philippe Flajolet of INRIA Rocquencourt, who coined the name approximate counting, and strongly contributed to its recognition among the research community. When focused on high quality of approximation and low probability of failure, Nelson and Yu showed that a very slight modification to the Morris Counter is asymptotically optimal amongst all algorithms for the problem. The algorithm is considered one of the precursors of streaming algorithms, and the more general problem of determining the frequency moments of a data stream has been central to the field.
Pyotr Zakharov-Chechenets
Pyotr Zakharovich Zakharov-Chechenets (Russian: Пётр Захарович Захаров-Чеченец; 1816 – 1846) was a Russian painter of Chechen origin, best known for his portraits, typical of Romantic style. He is generally remembered as the first professional painter of Chechen origin.

Grozny
Grozny (Russian: Грозный, IPA: [ˈgroznɨj]; Chechen: Соьлжа-ГӀала, romanized: Sölƶa-Ġala) is the capital city of Chechnya, Russia.

The city lies on the Sunzha River. According to the 2021 census, it had a population of 328,533 — up from 210,720 recorded in the 2002 census, but still less than the 399,688 recorded in the 1989 census. It was previously known as Groznaya (until 1870).
Anthony Turner Andreasen
Professor Anthony Turner Andreasen FRSE FRCSE  MRCS (18 November 1906 – 8 June 1986) was an eminent surgeon, Chair of Surgery at Orissa Medical School, Chair of Surgery at the Calcutta Medical College, Surgeon to the Viceroy of India, Fellow of Surgery at Johns Hopkins University, Government Surgeon in Ghana and Uganda, author, and in his later years Professor of Surgery at the University of Cambridge.

Srirama Chandra Bhanja Medical College and Hospital
Srirama Chandra Bhanja Medical College and Hospital, also known as S.C.B Medical College and Hospital, is a public medical college in Cuttack, Odisha, India. It is named after Sriram Chandra Bhanj Deo, the Maharajah of the Mayurbhanj princely state.

It is one of the oldest centers of medical teaching and training in India. It is located near Mangalabag and Ranihat area in the heart of the city Cuttack with a campus of 101 acres (410,000 m2). It has been recognised by the National Medical Commission (NMC). It is an undergraduate institution with education and training in medical and surgical specialties. In 2019, for its Platinum Jubilee, the then CM Naveen Patnaik announced the redevelopment and expansion of the institution under 5T plan. The  medical college will be redeveloped as an AIIMS-plus institution with 5,000 beds in two phases, at an estimated investment of around ₹5000 Crore.(S.C.B. Mega Redevelopment Plan)
Derry Beg
Derry Beg (from Irish Doire Beag, meaning 'The Little Oakwood') is a townland in the civil parish of Templeport, County Cavan, Ireland. It lies in the Roman Catholic parish of Corlough and barony of Tullyhaw.

Templeport
Templeport (Irish: Teampall an Phoirt) is a civil parish in the barony of Tullyhaw, County Cavan, Ireland. The chief towns in the parish are Bawnboy and Ballymagauran. The large Roman Catholic parish of Templeport containing 42,172 statute acres was split up in the 18th & 19th centuries into three new parishes, Templeport, Corlough and Glangevlin.
Hello Trouble (song)
"Hello Trouble" is a song written by Orville Couch and Eddie McDuff and was recorded by Couch in 1962. Couch's version made number 5 on the country charts that year, via Vee-Jay Records.

Buck Owens and the Buckaroos also covered the song on the album Together Again, released in 1964.  This version was later included on the soundtrack to Crazy Heart in 2009.

LaWanda Lindsey covered the song in 1974 for Capitol Records. Her version charted at number 62.

It was then recorded by American country music group The Desert Rose Band and released in July 1989 as the fourth and final single from the album, Running.  The song reached #11 on both the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and the Canadian RPM Country Tracks chart.  The Desert Rose Band version features Herb Pedersen on lead vocals.

Orville Couch
Orville Couch (February 21, 1935 – May 26, 2002) was an American country music singer. He recorded one studio album for Vee Jay Records in 1963, in addition to appearing on radio shows. The album produced two singles on the Billboard country music charts: "Hello Trouble" at No. 5 and "Did I Miss You?" at No. 25. Couch died in 2002 of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Omani Empire
The Omani Empire (Arabic: الْإِمْبَرَاطُورِيَّة الْعُمَانِيَّة) was a maritime empire, vying with Portugal and Britain for trade and influence in the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean. After rising as a regional power in the 18th century, the empire at its peak in the 19th century saw its influence or control extend across the Strait of Hormuz to modern-day Iran and Pakistan, and as far south as Cape Delgado in what is now Mozambique. After the death of Said bin Sultan in 1856 the empire was divided between his sons into two sultanates, an African section (Sultanate of Zanzibar) ruled by Majid bin Said and an Asian section (Sultanate of Muscat and Oman) ruled by Thuwaini bin Said.

Cape Delgado
Cape Delgado (Portuguese: Cabo Delgado) is a coastal promontory south of Mozambique's border with Tanzania. It is the arc-shaped delta of the Rovuma River and was created from sediment deposited by the Rovuma as it empties into the Indian Ocean. It is sometimes identified with Prasum, the southernmost point of Africa known to the Roman geographers Marinus of Tyre and Ptolemy. In Ptolemy's Geography, it marked the point where Africa turned eastward along a great unknown shore to meet southeast Asia and enclose the Indian Ocean. Medieval Islamic cartographers dispensed with the idea at least as early as the 9th-century al-Khwārizmī but the conception returned to Europe following Jacobus Angelus's c. 1406 Latin translation of Maximus Planudes's restored Ptolemaic text and was not (openly) dispensed with until after Bartholomew Dias's successful circumnavigation of Africa in 1488.

Cape Delgado gives its name to Cabo Delgado Province of Mozambique.
Domenico Massimo
Domenico Massimo (1630 – September 1685) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Corneto (Tarquinia) e Montefiascone (1671–1685).

He was born in Rome, Italy in 1630 and was ordained as a priest on 5 March 1667.
On 18 March 1671, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Clement X as Bishop of Corneto (Tarquinia) e Montefiascone. On 30 March 1671, he was consecrated bishop by Camillo Massimi, Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria in Domnica, with Alessandro Crescenzi (cardinal), Titular Patriarch of Alexandria, and Egidio Colonna (patriarch), Titular Patriarch of Jerusalem, serving as co-consecrators. He served as Bishop of Corneto (Tarquinia) e Montefiascone until his death in September 1685.

Santa Maria in Domnica
The Minor Basilica of St. Mary in Domnica alla Navicella (Basilica Minore di Santa Maria in Domnica alla Navicella), or simply Santa Maria in Domnica or Santa Maria alla Navicella, is a Roman Catholic basilica in Rome, Italy, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary and active in local charity according to its long tradition. It is one of the best examples of the Carolingian Renaissance in Rome. It has been the titular church of Cardinal Marcello Semeraro since 28 November 2020.
Blind Man's Bluff: The Untold Story of American Submarine Espionage
Blind Man's Bluff: The Untold Story of American Submarine Espionage (ISBN 0-06-103004-X) by Sherry Sontag, Christopher Drew, and Annette Lawrence Drew, published in 1998 by PublicAffairs, is a non-fiction book about U.S. Navy submarine operations during the Cold War. Several operations are described in the book, such as the use of USS Parche to tap Soviet undersea communications cables and USS Halibut to do the same in Operation Ivy Bells.

The book also contains an extensive list of collisions between Western and Soviet submarines and U.S. submarine awards.

PublicAffairs
PublicAffairs (or PublicAffairs Books) is a book publishing company located in New York City and has been a part of the Hachette Book Group since 2016.

PublicAffairs was launched in 1997 by Peter Osnos. The current Publisher is Clive Priddle. The company publishes mostly non-mainstream non-fiction books about politics and current affairs, both American and international.

It has published several books by Nobel Prize-winning authors, including Muhammad Yunus's Banker to the Poor and Abhijit V. Banerjee and Esther Duflo's two books Poor Economics and Good Economics for Hard Times.

In 2019, it published Shoshana Zuboff's international bestseller The Age of Surveillance Capitalism.

Perseus Books won Publishers Weekly's "Publisher of the Year" award for 2007.
Appledore, Torridge
Appledore is a village at the mouth of the River Torridge, about 6 miles (10 km) west of Barnstaple and about 3 miles (5 km) north of Bideford in the county Devon, England. It is the home of Appledore Shipbuilders, a lifeboat slipway and Hocking's Ice Cream, a brand of ice cream only sold in North Devon. There are numerous shops, cafes and galleries. The local football club is Appledore F.C. The ward population at the 2011 census increased to 2,814.

Barnstaple
Barnstaple (/ˈbɑːrnstəbəl/ ⓘ or /ˈbɑːrnstəpəl/) is a town and civil parish in the North Devon district of Devon, England. The town lies at the River Taw's lowest crossing point before the Bristol Channel. From the 14th century, it was licensed to export wool from which it earned great wealth. Later it imported Irish wool, but its harbour silted up and other trades developed such as shipbuilding, foundries and sawmills. A Victorian market building survives, with a high glass and timber roof on iron columns.