hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ports of the Ottoman Empire
The ports of the Ottoman Empire can be listed by using the Ottoman Empire official annuals, known as salname, after 1847. The list below is about the ports of the empire in 1870.  According to the report there were 70 ports (including piers). Among these 3 of them were in Adriatic Sea, 2 in Ionian Sea, 6 in Aegean Sea, 9 in Sea of Marmara, 32 in Mediterranean Sea, 11 in Black Sea, 5 in Red Sea, and 2 in Persian Gulf. (However, in this list Aegean island ports as well as Anatolian ports facing the Aegean Sea were listed together with the Mediterranean ports)

Sea of Marmara
The Sea of Marmara, also known as the Sea of Marmora, the Marmara Sea or Propontis /prəˈpɒntɪs/ (ancient Greek: Προποντίς /pro.ponˈdis/), is a small inland sea entirely within the borders of Turkey. It links the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea via the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits, separating Turkey's European and Asian sides. It has an area of 11,350 km2 (4,380 sq mi), and its dimensions are 280 km × 80 km (174 mi × 50 mi). Its greatest depth is 1,370 m (4,490 ft).
Malcolm McLeod
Malcolm Gray McLeod (May 29, 1914 – June 3, 1987) was an American law enforcement officer who served as the Sheriff of Robeson County, North Carolina from 1950 to 1978. Born in Lumberton, he worked as a service station operator and a grocery salesman before deciding to run for the office of sheriff in 1950, pledging to modernize the office and crack down on bootlegging. He won, and in his early tenure worked closely with District Solicitor Malcolm Buie Seawell to destroy thousands of illicit alcohol distilleries and oversee hundreds of arrests for bootlegging. In 1958 he maintained order during a civil disturbance at the Battle of Hayes Pond. Over the course of his tenure the size of the sheriff's department expanded and he hired several black and Native American deputies. In 1971 McLeod established a drugs division in the department to combat the narcotics trade.  At the time of his retirement in 1978 he was the longest-serving sheriff in Robeson County's history.

Sheriffs in the United States
Sheriffs in the United States are the chiefs of law enforcement of a county. A sheriff is usually either elected by the populace or appointed by an elected body.

Sheriffs' offices are typically tasked with operating jails, security at courthouses and county buildings, protection of judges and juries, preventing breaches of the peace, and coordinating with city police departments. Sheriff's offices may also be responsible for security at public events and areas.

A sheriff's subordinate officers are referred to as deputies and they enforce the law in accordance with the sheriff's direction and orders.
Ascorbate ferrireductase (transmembrane)
Ascorbate ferrireductase (transmembrane) (EC 1.16.5.1, cytochrome b561) is an enzyme with systematic name Fe(III):ascorbate oxidorectuctase (electron-translocating). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

Ascorbate ferrireductase is a diheme cytochrome that acts on hexacyanoferrate(III) and other ferric chelates.

Cytochrome
Cytochromes are redox-active proteins containing a heme, with a central iron (Fe) atom at its core, as a cofactor. They are involved in the electron transport chain and redox catalysis. They are classified according to the type of heme and its mode of binding. Four varieties are recognized by the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB), cytochromes a, cytochromes b, cytochromes c and cytochrome d.

Cytochrome function is linked to the reversible redox change from ferrous (Fe(II)) to the ferric (Fe(III)) oxidation state of the iron found in the heme core.  In addition to the classification by the IUBMB into four cytochrome classes, several additional classifications such as cytochrome o and cytochrome P450 can be found in biochemical literature.
Balaghat Chinnor rice
Balaghat Chinnor is a variety of non-Basmati aromatic rice mainly grown in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is a common and widely cultivated crop in tehsils of Balaghat, Baihar, Birsa, Paraswada, Katangi, Waraseoni, Lalbarra, Khairlanji, Lanji and Kirnapur of Balaghat district

Baihar
Baihar is a town and a Nagar panchayat in Balaghat district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. It's a headquarter of Baihar tehsil. It's also a Assembly Constituency.  Sanjay Uikey Is mla from here.

There are a total of 2,15,262 voters in the seat, which includes 1,06,746 voters, and 1,08,515 voters. In the 2018 Madhya Pradesh elections, Baihar recorded a voter turnout of 80.08%.
Senan Kilbride
Senan Kilbride is an Irish Gaelic footballer who played at senior level for the Roscommon county team over a ten-year period, winning NFL Division 2, 3 and 4 titles as well as a Connacht Senior title in 2010.

Kilbride plays for the St Brigid's club, with which he won Roscommon Senior Football Championship medals in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016 and 2017. He also has won Connacht Senior Club Football Championships in 2006, 2010, 2011 and 2012.

He played with Brigid's in the 2011 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship final but lost out to Crossmaglen Rangers. The club was back in the final again in 2013, winning by one point to become the first team from Roscommon to win an All-Ireland club title.

Kilbride has four Connacht caps and one inter-provincial title.

Kilbride completed a Primary Teaching Degree in St Patrick's College, Dublin and currently works at Cloonakilla National School in Athlone.

Crossmaglen Rangers GAC
Crossmaglen Rangers Gaelic Athletic Club (Irish: Raonaithe na Croise) is a GAA club in Crossmaglen, County Armagh, Northern Ireland. They cater for Gaelic football and camogie. Their home football ground is St. Oliver Plunkett Park, which was opened in 1959. In 1971 the British Army took possession of a portion of the ground despite opposition from the club and the Irish Government, and this led to a controversy regarding the British Army's conduct.

The club have won the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship on six occasions. They have won the Ulster Senior Club Football Championship 11 times and won the Armagh Senior Football Championship 47 times.
Ossubtus
Ossubtus is a genus of fish in the family Serrasalmidae. It contains a single species, Ossubtus xinguense, the parrot pacu or eaglebeak pacu, The species is endemic to rapids in the Xingu River basin in the Brazilian Amazon. This vulnerable species is primarily a herbivore.

Amazônia Legal
Brazil's Legal Amazon (abbreviation BLA), in Portuguese Amazônia Legal (Portuguese pronunciation: [amaˈzonjɐ leˈɡaw]), is the largest socio-geographic division in Brazil, containing all nine states in the Amazon basin. The government designated this region in 1948 based on its studies on how to plan the economic and social development of the Amazon region.
First Battle of Fort Wagner
The First Battle of Fort Wagner was fought on July 10 and 11, 1863, on Morris Island in Charleston harbor during the American Civil War. An attempt by the Union Army to capture Fort Wagner was repulsed. The more famous Second Battle of Fort Wagner, which involved an assault by the 54th Massachusetts, would be fought on July 18.

Morris Island
Morris Island is an 840-acre (3.4 km2) uninhabited island in Charleston Harbor in South Carolina, accessible only by boat. The island lies in the outer reaches of the harbor and was thus a strategic location in the American Civil War. The island is part of the cities of Charleston and Folly Beach, in Charleston County.
Tony Maddox (author/illustrator)
Tony Maddox is a British artist and a writer of children's books.

Maddox was born in Birmingham and worked there as a commercial artist in an advertising agency. His first book, Spike, the Sparrow who Couldn't Sing, was published in 1989.  He followed this up with Fergus the Farmyard Dog, which sold well, leading to nine sequels. He has had twenty-one books published which have had worldwide sales and been translated into many languages.

His book Not So Loud, Oliver!, written with Martin Clunes, was shortlisted in the Baby Book category for the 2005 Booktrust Early Years Award.

Booktrust Early Years Award
The Booktrust Early Years Awards, originally the Sainsbury’s Baby Book Award(s), was a set of annual literary prizes for children's picture books. It was administered by Booktrust, an independent charity that promotes books and reading; from 1999 to 2004. The Booktrust Early Years Awards was sponsored by the supermarket chain Sainsbury's with its last award give in 2010.

As of 2005 there were three categories: the Baby Book Award, the Pre-School Award, and the Best Emerging Illustrator Award. The winners in each category received £2000 with the Emerging Illustrator also receiving a specially commissioned award. The publishers of the winning books were given awards too.
Henry Jay Forman
Henry Jay Forman is both Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry at the University of California, Merced. and Research Professor Emeritus of Gerontology at the University of Southern California (USC) Leonard Davis School of Gerontology. He is a specialist in free radical biology and chemistry, antioxidant defense, and pioneered work in redox signaling including the mechanisms of induced resistance to oxidative stress.

University of California, Merced
The University of California, Merced (UC Merced or colloquially, UCM) is a public land-grant research university in Merced County, California, United States. Established in 2005, UC Merced is the tenth and newest campus in the University of California (UC) system. The primary campus is located around 5 miles (8.0 km) north of the city of Merced and sits adjacent to Lake Yosemite. The main campus is around 1,026 acres (415 hectares) in size and is adjacent to large swaths of protected natural grasslands and vernal pools, which have shaped its development, capital planning, and research.

UC Merced offers over 60 undergraduate degrees and 18 graduate and professional degrees and roughly 8,000 undergraduates and 700 graduate students were enrolled at UCM as of fall 2023. In 2025 the university was classified as an R1 Carnegie research institution.
2019–20 Basketball Cup of Serbia
The 2019–20 Basketball Cup of Serbia is the 14th season of the Serbian 2nd-tier men's cup tournament.

On 24 December 2019, the finalist Radnički Beograd qualified for the 2020 Radivoj Korać Cup. On the next day, Sloboda qualified for the Cup also.

KK Sloboda Užice
Košarkaški klub Sloboda (Serbian Cyrillic: Кошаркашки клуб Слобода), commonly referred to as KK Sloboda Užice, is a men's professional basketball club based in Užice, Serbia. The club currently participates in the Basketball League of Serbia. The team play domestic home matches in the Veliki Park Sports Hall.
The Victory of Charlemagne over the Avars near Regensburg
The Victory of Charlemagne over the Avars near Regensburg is a painting by German artist Albrecht Altdorfer, executed in 1518. This oil painting on linden wood panel is kept at the Germanisches Nationalmuseum, in Nuremberg.

Germanisches Nationalmuseum
The Germanisches Nationalmuseum is a museum in Nuremberg, Germany. Founded in 1852,  it houses a large collection of items relating to German culture and art extending from prehistoric times through to the present day. The museum is Germany's largest museum of cultural history. Out of its total holding of some 1.3 million objects (including the holdings of the library and the Department of Prints and Drawings), approximately 25,000 are exhibited.

The museum is situated in the south of the historic city center between Kornmarkt and Frauentormauer along the medieval city wall. Its entrance hall is situated on Kartäusergasse which was transformed by the Israeli sculptor Dani Karavan to the Way of Human Rights (German: Straße der Menschenrechte).
2020 Sydney SuperSprint
The 2020 Sydney SuperSprint (known for commercial reasons as the 2020 BP Ultimate Sydney SuperSprint) is a motor racing event for the Supercars Championship held on Saturday 27 June through to Sunday 28 June 2020. The event was held at Sydney Motorsport Park in Eastern Creek, New South Wales. It was the third event of the 2020 Supercars Championship and consisted of three races of 125 kilometres.

It marked the first round of the championship held since the COVID-19 pandemic caused the cancellation of races at the Melbourne 400 in March.

Eastern Creek, New South Wales
Eastern Creek is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Eastern Creek is located 35 kilometres (22 mi) west of the Sydney central business district, in the Blacktown local government area and is part of the Greater Western Sydney region.

Eastern Creek is west of the Prospect Reservoir and is most notable for containing Sydney Motorsport Park (previously known as Eastern Creek Raceway), the Western Sydney International Dragway, and the former site of Wonderland Sydney amusement park.
Age of Wonders
Age of Wonders is a 1999 turn-based strategy game co-developed by Triumph Studios and Epic MegaGames, and published by Gathering of Developers.

Age of Wonders underwent a long production cycle, and was originally developed under the name World of Wonders. In 1997, the team scrapped its existing work and restarted development, which resulted in Age of Wonders.

The game won positive reviews and was a moderate commercial success, with global sales of roughly 200,000 units by 2001. It began a franchise and was followed by five sequels: Age of Wonders II: The Wizard's Throne, Age of Wonders: Shadow Magic, Age of Wonders III, Age of Wonders: Planetfall, and Age of Wonders 4. In 2010, the first game was re-released on GOG.com and Steam.

GOG.com
GOG.com (formerly Good Old Games) is a digital distribution platform for video games and films. It is operated by GOG sp. z o.o., which was a wholly owned subsidiary of CD Projekt until December 2025, based in Warsaw, Poland. CD Projekt sold GOG to co-founder Michał Kiciński in December 2025.

GOG.com delivers DRM-free video games through its digital platform for Microsoft Windows, macOS and Linux.
Kiswara (Bolivia)
Kiswara (Aymara for Buddleja incana, Hispanicized spelling Quishuara) is a 4,018-metre-high (13,182 ft) mountain in the Andes of Bolivia. It is in the Oruro Department, Sajama Province, in the south of the Turco Municipality. Kiswara lies southeast of the mountain Uyarani. It is on the left bank of the Challwiri River (Chalviri, Challhuiri), a left tributary of the Lauca River.

Southwest of Kiswara there are two craters named Jach'a P'iya ("big hole", Jachcha Phiya) and Jisk'a P'iya ("little hole", Jiskha Phiya). They are north of the mountain Wila Jaqhi (Wila Jakke) and a complex called Volcán Apagado (Spanish for "extinct volcano") or Volcán Quemado (Spanish for "burnt volcano").

Uyarani
Uyarani is a 4,321-metre-high (14,177 ft) volcano in the Cordillera Occidental in the Andes of Bolivia. It is situated in the Oruro Department, Sajama Province, Turco Municipality, Turco Canton. It lies south-east of the extinct Sajama volcano and the Chullkani volcano and south-west of the Asu Asuni volcanic complex, between the Challwiri River and the Lauca River.
Tracks Across America Tour '82
The Tracks Across America Tour '82 was a concert tour by the American band Blondie in 1982. The tour supported their latest album, The Hunter (the first tour since their European Tour in 1979–1980) and would be Blondie's last tour before disbanding in late 1982. The band would reconvene in the late 1990s.

Parade Stadium
Parade Stadium is a former football stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It was Minneapolis's first public football stadium. The Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board built the 16,560-seat stadium at The Parade, a park just west of downtown, in 1951. It was meant for high school, amateur, and small-college games. The stadium was also used for summertime Minneapolis Aquatennial festivities for over forty years.
6-endo-hydroxycineole dehydrogenase
In enzymology, a 6-endo-hydroxycineole dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.241) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

6-endo-hydroxycineole + NAD+  6-oxocineole + NADH + H+

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 6-endo-hydroxycineole and NAD+, whereas its 3 products are 6-oxocineole, NADH, and H+.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 6-endo-hydroxycineole:NAD+ 6-oxidoreductase. This enzyme participates in terpenoid biosynthesis.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Richard Judd
Richard Philip Judd (born 18 May 1992) is a New Zealand rugby union player who played for the Hurricanes in the Super Rugby competition. He also played for the San Diego Legion of Major League Rugby (MLR) in the U.S. 
He plays with Rugby Club Vannes.
His position of choice is scrum-half.

Major League Rugby
Major League Rugby (MLR) is a professional rugby union competition in the United States. The league comprises 6 teams. While operating outside of the governance and oversight of the national governing body, the league is officially sanctioned by USA Rugby—a member union of Rugby Americas North (RAN)—and is consequently part of World Rugby.

MLR was founded in 2017 and is headquartered in Dallas, Texas. The league began its first season in 2018 with seven teams. MLR has since expanded, reaching an all-time high of thirteen teams in the 2022 season, including one team in Canada. Twelve teams competed in the 2024 season.

In 2020, Major League Rugby implemented its first collegiate MLR Draft in 2020 and its teams began forming youth academies.
Levi Bellfield
Levi Bellfield (born Levi Rabbetts; 17 May 1968) is a British serial killer and sex offender. He was found guilty on 25 February 2008 of the murders of Marsha McDonnell in 2003 and Amélie Delagrange in 2004, and the attempted murder of Kate Sheedy in 2004, and sentenced to life imprisonment. On 23 June 2011, Bellfield was further found guilty of the murder of Milly Dowler in 2002.

In both cases, the judges imposed a whole life order, meaning that Bellfield will serve the sentence without the possibility of parole. He is the first prisoner to receive two whole life orders.

West London
West London is the western part of London, England, north of the River Thames, west of the City of London, and extending to the Greater London boundary.

The term is used to differentiate the area from the other parts of London: Central London, North London, East London and South London. West London was part of the historic county of Middlesex.
Sigma 60-600mm f/4.5-6.3 DG OS HSM lens
The Sigma 60-600mm f/4.5-6.3 DG lens is a super-telephoto zoom lens produced by Sigma Corporation since 2018. It succeeds an earlier 10× zoom lens (50–500mm) which was introduced by Sigma in 2000 and is commonly known as the "Bigma". It is aimed at advanced consumers. The 60–600mm lens is produced in two versions: one exclusively for single lens reflex cameras, with Canon EF mount, Nikon F mount, and Sigma SA mount versions, named the 60–600mm F4.5-6.3 DG OS HSM | S, and one exclusively for mirrorless cameras, in Leica L-Mount and Sony E-mount versions, named the 60–600mm F4.5-6.3 DG DN OS | S.

Nikon F-mount
The Nikon F-mount is a type of interchangeable lens mount developed by Nikon for its 35mm format single-lens reflex cameras. The F-mount was first introduced on the Nikon F camera in 1959, and features a three-lug bayonet mount with a 44 mm throat and a flange to focal plane distance of 46.5 mm. The company continues, with the 2020 D6 model, to use variations of the same lens mount specification for its film and digital SLR cameras.

The Nikon F-mount successor is the Nikon Z-mount. The FTZ II (and the original FTZ) lens adapter allows many F-mount lenses to be used on Z-mount cameras.
2017 Trophée des Champions
The 2017 Trophée des Champions (transl.  2017 Champions Trophy) was the 22nd edition of the Trophée des Champions, the annual super cup in France. The match was contested by the 2016–17 Ligue 1 champions Monaco, and the 2016–17 Coupe de France champions Paris Saint-Germain. The match was played at the Stade Ibn Batouta in Tangier, Morocco.

Paris Saint-Germain were the four-time defending champions, having defeated Lyon 4–1 in the 2016 edition, which was played in Austria.

Paris Saint-Germain won the match 2–1 for their seventh Trophée des Champions title.

2016–17 Coupe de France
The 2016–17 Coupe de France was the 100th season of the most prestigious football cup competition of France. The competition was organised by the French Football Federation (FFF) and was opened to all clubs in French football, as well as clubs from the overseas departments and territories (Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Mayotte, New Caledonia (winner of 2016 New Caledonia Cup), Tahiti (winner of 2015–16 Tahiti Cup), Réunion, and Saint Martin).

Paris Saint-Germain were the defending champions, and successfully defended their title following a 1–0 win over Angers in the final, a third consecutive win and eleventh overall, a record.
Herbert Tampere
Herbert Tampere (1 February 1909 – 19 January 1975) was an Estonian folklorist and musicologist.

From 1927 to 1933, he studied at the University of Tartu. From 1929 until 1945, he worked as an assistant at Estonian Folklore Archives. Since 1945 (with pauses) he taught folk music at the Tallinn Conservatory.

His main field of research was folk music, especially runo songs. In total, he melodized over 2000 folk tunes, and he made over 4000 sound recordings.

Runic song
Runic song, also referred to as Rune song, Runo song, or Kalevala song, is a form of oral poetry and national epic historically practiced among the Baltic Finnic peoples. It includes the Finnish epic poems Kalevala and Kanteletar, as well as the Estonian Kalevipoeg. Estonian and Finnish researchers suggest the term  runosong for English translation, or local terms, such as Estonian regilaul, Seto leelo or Finnish runolaulu when it is about regional tradition.
Yogi Babu
Yogi Babu (born 22 July 1985) is an Indian actor and comedian who appears in Tamil films. Yogi started his acting career from 2009 and did many minor roles and got his breakthrough after Kalakalappu and Maan Karate, as of now he is credited as one of the highest paid comedians in Tamil Cinema. He is an recipient of two Tamil Nadu State Film Awards and five SIIMA Awards.

South Indian International Movie Awards
The South Indian International Movie Awards (SIIMA)  rewards the artistic and technical achievements of the South Indian film industry. It was launched in 2012 by Vishnu Vardhan Induri and Brinda Prasad Adusimilli to appreciate and honour film makers from across the South Indian film industries: Telugu cinema, Tamil cinema, Malayalam cinema, and Kannada cinema, and provide a platform to promote South Indian films in international markets.