hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chilean ship Almirante Lynch
Several ships of the Chilean Navy have been named Almirante Lynch after Patricio Lynch (1824–1886), a Chilean hero during the War of the Pacific

Chilean torpedo gunboat Almirante Lynch, a Almirante Lynch-class torpedo gunboat, launched in 1890, and decommissioned in 1919

Chilean destroyer Almirante Lynch, lead ship of her class of destroyers, launched in 1912, and decommissioned in 1945

Chilean frigate Almirante Lynch (PFG-07), a Condell-class frigate, launched in 1972, decommissioned in 2007, and sold to Ecuador in 2008

Chilean frigate Almirante Lynch (FF-07), a Type 23 frigate, the former HMS Grafton (F80), commissioned into the Chilean Navy in 2007

HMS Grafton (F80)
HMS Grafton is a Type 23 frigate formerly in service with the Royal Navy. She was the ninth vessel to bear the name, and is named after the Duke of Grafton. Ordered in January 1992, Grafton was laid down on 13 May 1993 by Yarrow Shipbuilders. The frigate was launched on 5 November 1994 and commissioned into the Royal Navy on 29 May 1997 with the pennant number F80. In 2007 the ship was transferred to Chile as Almirante Lynch and, having undergone a significant upgrade from 2019 to 2020, remains in service with the Chilean Navy.
2023 Speedway Grand Prix
The 2023 Speedway Grand Prix season was the 29th season of the Speedway Grand Prix era, and decided the 78th FIM Speedway World Championship. It was the second series promoted by Discovery Sports Events.

Bartosz Zmarzlik was the defending champion, having won the 2022 title.

Zmarzlik successfully retained the title, winning a fourth championship, despite being disqualified from round nine in Denmark. He beat Fredrik Lindgren by eight points, with Martin Vaculík securing the bronze medal. During the championships, Zmarzlik secured four Grand Prix wins after the Latvian Grand Prix, which equalled the 22 career Grand Prix wins of fellow Pole Tomasz Gollob. He then went on to win a fifth Grand Prix, which equalled the all-time record of 23 held by Jason Crump.

Jason Crump
Jason Philip Crump (born 6 August 1975) is a former international motorcycle speedway rider from Australia (UK born). He is a three-time Speedway World Champion, and a World Cup winner.

In a 21-year career in Speedway, Crump finished with seven World Championship titles to his name (four individual, including the U/21 title, and three teams), making him one of the most successful Australian motorcycle racers of all time. He holds the all-time record for Grand Prix wins with 23.
The Oil Gush in Balakhany
The Oil Gush in Balakhany (Azerbaijani: Balaxanıda neft fontanı) is a Russian film written and directed by the pioneer of cinema in Azerbaijan, Alexandre Michon. It was filmed on August 4, 1898, in Balakhany, Baku and presented at the International Paris Exhibition. The film was shot using a 35 mm film on a Lumière cinematograph and is considered the first film in Azerbaijani cinematography. It depicts a blowout from an oil well in the Balakhany village of Baku.

Cinema of Azerbaijan
Cinema of Azerbaijan dates back to the 19th century. Azerbaijan is one of the first countries in the world involved in cinematography. The first Azerbaijani film was a thirty second long silent film called The Oil Gush Fire in Bibiheybat, which was recorded using the cinematograph.
Coulomb scattering state
A Coulomb scattering state in quantum mechanics (a fundamental theory in physics), describes a state of a particle where the particle is subject to Coulomb potential and is not localized to a finite region of space.

In general, Coulomb scattering state is a state in Hilbert Space that corresponds to two or more particles with positive interaction energy (assuming it to be only due to Coulomb interaction), which means, the energy of the system is greater than total energy of each separate particles constituting the system therefore these particles are not bound. The energy spectrum of such scattering state is continuous unlike discrete spectrum of bound states in Coulomb Potential.

Spectrum (physical sciences)
In the physical sciences, spectrum describes any continuous range of either frequency or wavelength values.  The term  initially referred to the range of observed colors as white light is dispersed through a prism — introduced to optics by Isaac Newton in the 17th century.

The concept was later expanded to other waves, such as sound waves and sea waves that also present a variety of frequencies and wavelengths (e.g., noise spectrum, sea wave spectrum). Starting from Fourier analysis, the concept of spectrum expanded to signal theory, where the signal can be graphed as a function of frequency and information can be placed in selected ranges of frequency. Presently, any quantity directly dependent on, and measurable along the range of, a continuous independent variable can be graphed along its range or spectrum.  Examples are the range of electron energy in electron spectroscopy or the range of mass-to-charge ratio in mass spectrometry.
Giant oceanic manta ray
The giant oceanic manta ray, giant manta ray, or oceanic manta ray (Mobula birostris) is a species of ray in the family Mobulidae and the largest type of ray in the world. It is circumglobal and is typically found in tropical and subtropical waters but can also be found in temperate waters. Until 2017, the species was classified in the genus Manta, along with the smaller reef manta ray (Mobula alfredi). DNA testing revealed that both mantas are closer related to some Mobula species than these are to other Mobula, being claded together. As a result, the two Manta species were absorbed into Mobula to reflect the new classification.

Batomorphi
Batomorphi is a division of cartilaginous fishes, commonly known as rays; this taxon is sometimes considered as the superorder Batoidea, but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies it as the division Batomorphi. Batomorphi, along with the shark division Selachii, both compose the subclass Elasmobranchii. Rays are the most speciose of cartilaginous fishes groups, with well over 600 species in 26 families. Rays are distinguished by their flattened bodies, enlarged pectoral fins that are fused to the head, and gill slits that are placed on their ventral surfaces.
2022 Louisville Cardinals men's soccer team
The 2022 Louisville Cardinals men's soccer team represented the University of Louisville during the 2022 NCAA Division I men's soccer season.  The Cardinals were led by head coach John Michael Hayden, in his fourth season.  They played their home games at Lynn Stadium.  This was the team's 44th season playing organized men's college soccer and their 9th playing in the Atlantic Coast Conference.

The Cardinals finished the season 9–6–3 overall and 4–3–1 in ACC play to finish in third place in the Atlantic Division.  As the fifth overall seed in the ACC Tournament they were upset by twelfth seed Virginia Tech in the First Round.  They received an at-large bid to the NCAA Tournament where they lost in the First Round to Western Michigan to end their season.

2022 Atlantic Coast Conference men's soccer season
The 2022 Atlantic Coast Conference men's soccer season was the 69th season of men's varsity soccer in the conference.

Clemson were the defending champions of the Atlantic Conference and Pittsburgh were the defending champions of the Coastal Conference.  Notre Dame were the defending ACC tournament Champion.

Eight ACC teams were invited to the 2021 NCAA tournament.  Clemson had the best showing of the eight, winning their third title in program history.

Syracuse won the Atlantic Conference with a 5–1–2 record and Duke won the Costal Conference. Syracuse went on to win the ACC tournament 2–0 over eighth seed Clemson in the final.

In 2022, eight ACC teams were again invited to the NCAA tournament.  Clemson was unable to defend its title, but another ACC team Syracuse, claimed the title with a penalty shoot-out victory over Indiana.
Sotiates
The Sotiates were an Aquitani tribe dwelling in the region surrounding the modern town of Sos (Lot-et-Garonne) during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

They were subjugated in 56 BC by the Roman forces of Caesar's legatus P. Licinius Crassus.

Oppidum
An oppidum (pl.: oppida) is a large fortified Iron Age settlement or town. Oppida are primarily associated with the Celtic late La Tène culture, emerging during the 2nd and 1st centuries BC, spread across Europe, stretching from Britain and Iberia in the west to the edge of the Hungarian Plain in the east. These settlements continued to be used until the Romans conquered Southern and Western Europe. Many subsequently became Roman-era towns and cities, whilst others were abandoned. In regions north of the rivers Danube and Rhine, such as most of Germania, where the populations remained independent from Rome, oppida continued to be used into the 1st century AD.
Vietoris–Begle mapping theorem
The Vietoris–Begle mapping theorem is a result in the mathematical field of algebraic topology. It is named for Leopold Vietoris and Edward G. Begle. The statement of the theorem, below, is as formulated by Stephen Smale.

Stephen Smale
Stephen Smale (born July 15, 1930) is an American mathematician, known for his research in topology, dynamical systems and mathematical economics. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1966 and spent more than three decades on the mathematics faculty of the University of California, Berkeley (1960–1961 and 1964–1995), where he currently is Professor Emeritus, with research interests in algorithms, numerical analysis and global analysis.
Harry Stern Airport
Harry Stern Airport (IATA: WAH, ICAO: KBWP, FAA LID: BWP) is a public use airport in Richland County, North Dakota, United States. It is located one nautical mile (1.85 km) south of the central business district of Wahpeton, North Dakota and owned by the Wahpeton Airport Authority.

Although many U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, Enterprise Municipal Airport is assigned BWP by the FAA and WAH by the IATA (which assigned BWP to Bewani, Papua New Guinea).

Richland County, North Dakota
Richland County is a county in the far southeast corner of the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,529, and was estimated to be 16,658 in 2024. The county seat and the largest city is Wahpeton.

Richland County is part of the Wahpeton, ND–MN Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Fargo-Wahpeton, ND-MN Combined Statistical Area.
Greg Clements
Greg Clements (born 29 September 1963) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played during the 1980s. He played his entire club football career with the Penrith Panthers. He played primarily at five-eighth, but also played the occasional game at halfback

North Sydney Oval
North Sydney Oval (also referred to as Bear Park by North Sydney Bears fans) is a multi-use sporting facility in Miller Street, North Sydney, Australia, owned and operated by North Sydney Council. First used as a cricket ground in 1867, it is also used for Australian rules football, rugby league, rugby union and soccer.
Mahatma Gandhi Stadium
Mahatma Gandhi Stadium is a sports stadium in Salem, Tamil Nadu. The stadium has hosted seven first-class matches  from 1973 when Tamil Nadu cricket team played against Kerala cricket team. The ground hosted its last first-class matches in 1992 when Tamil Nadu cricket team played against Andhra cricket team. The stadium was named after the famous Indian activist of the same name.

The stadium was established in 1972 which managed and owned by Sports Authority of India. As condition of stadium was not very good and there was no renovation was done since it was built. But in 2013, Government of Tamil Nadu decided to renovate the stadium by sanctioned Rs. 1 crore off which Rs. 60 lakhs will be used for 400 m athletic track, a football ground, grass lawns, and a walker's path and Volleyball, basketball courts and infrastructure including toilet facilities will be improved.

Kerala cricket team
The Kerala cricket team is a domestic cricket team based in the Indian state of Kerala. It is in the Elite Group of the Ranji Trophy, the premier first class cricket tournament in India. It was known as Travancore-Cochin cricket team until 1957/58.

Kerala has produced two Indian Test cricketers, Tinu Yohannan and S. Sreesanth. Sanju Samson has represented India in T20Is and ODIs, Sandeep Warrier has represented India in one T20I, while Basil Thampi has a national call-up to his name. The team also lined up ex-Indian International players Sadagoppan Ramesh for two years from 2005 to 2007 and Robin Uthappa, from 2019 to 2022. Kerala has also produced Krishna Chandran, who played at International level for United Arab Emirates.
Jian Yang (geneticist)
Jian Yang is a Chinese statistical geneticist and Professor of Statistical Genomics at the University of Queensland's Institute for Molecular Bioscience, as well as an affiliated professor at the Queensland Brain Institute. He received the 2015 Ruth Stephens Gani Medal for his research on the "missing heritability" of complex traits. In 2017, he received the Frank Fenner Prize for Life Scientist of the Year from the Prime Minister of Australia for his work on the basis of genetic variation in complex human traits, such as obesity and schizophrenia. He has researched the contribution of numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms to variation in quantitative traits, such as human height, as well as the role of natural selection in driving genetic variation in such traits. He and his colleagues have also used genetic data on common diseases to study potential environmental risk factors for them.

Complex traits
Complex traits, also known as polygenic or multigenic traits, are phenotypes determined by the interaction of multiple genetic and environmental factors. A central goal of contemporary genetics research is to understand the molecular mechanisms by which genetic variation influences complex traits. Examples of complex traits in humans include height; intelligence and cognitive function; body-mass index; blood pressure; and risk for complex diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia.

The genetic architecture of complex traits has been explored using statistical approaches such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping.
Natasia
Natasia might refer to:

Natasia Demetriou, English comedian and actress
Ellie & Natasia, her sketch comedy show

Natasia Ionescu, Romanian gymnast

Claudia Natasia, Indonesian author and philanthropist

Ellie & Natasia
Ellie & Natasia is a sketch comedy show starring Natasia Demetriou and Ellie White. All six episodes were released on BBC iPlayer on 21 June 2022.

The show won Best TV Sketch Show at the Comedy.co.uk Awards 2022. The Guardian described it as "outrageously good" in an in-depth review. The Independent reviewer opined that it "marks the revival of the sketch show" and "the arrival in earnest of a formidable new double act".

The creators drew on French and Saunders and Smack the Pony as inspirations.
Hole in My Life
Hole in My Life is an American autobiography of Jack Gantos and was published by Macmillan Publishers in 2002. In 2003 the book was honored with the Michael L. Printz Award and the same year became a winner of the Robert F. Sibert Medal.

Sibert Medal
The Robert F. Sibert Informational Book Medal established by the Association for Library Service to Children in 2001 with support from Bound to Stay Bound Books, Inc., is awarded annually to the writer and illustrator of the most distinguished informational book published in English during the preceding year. The award is named in honor of Robert F. Sibert, a long-time president of Bound to Stay Bound Books, Inc. in Jacksonville, Illinois. ALSC administers the award.

"Informational books are defined as those written and illustrated to present, organize, and interpret documentable, factual material." Poetry and traditional literature such as folktales are not eligible but there is no other restriction, such as reference books or nonfiction books. The book must be published originally or simultaneously in the United States and in English.
Kiseleff Park
Kiseleff  Park (Romanian: Parcul Kiseleff) is a public park in northern Bucharest (Sector 1). It is located on both sides of Șoseaua Kiseleff, within the triangle formed by Ion Mihalache Boulevard, Aviators Boulevard, and Ion Mincu Street. In 1915 the park was named after the Russian Count Pavel Kiselyov, who played a key role in the administrative reorganization of the Romanian Principalities and contributed to various urban development projects, including the beautification of Bucharest. The name was converted from Kiselyov to Kiseleff, using the French transliteration of Russian names at the time.

Danubian Principalities
The Danubian Principalities (German: Donaufürstentümer, Russian: Дунайские княжества, Romanian: Principatele Dunărene) was a geopolitical term[a] used for the Ottoman vassal principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia in the period of 1774–1858, a time of when the territories were a battleground between the Ottoman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, and Russian Empire. While Russia returned Moldavia and Wallachia to the Ottoman Empire with the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (1774), it retained protectorship over the two and also of the Orthodox subjects in all of the Ottoman Empire. This made the two principalities have the status of dual authority, under Ottoman suzerainty but with Russian protection. The Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829) ended with the Russian occupation of the two principalities. The negotiations of the Great Powers in the aftermath of Russian defeat resulted in the unification of Moldavia and Wallachia in 1859.
Falęcin Nowy
Falęcin Nowy [faˈlɛnt͡ɕin ˈnɔvɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stopnica, within Busko County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) north-east of Stopnica, 17 km (11 mi) east of Busko-Zdrój, and 54 km (34 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Busko County
Busko (Polish: powiat buski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Busko-Zdrój, which lies 47 kilometres (29 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

The county covers an area of 967.39 square kilometres (373.5 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 67,821, out of which the population of Busko-Zdrój is 15,832 and the rural population is 51,989.
The Late Show (radio program)
The Late Show is a radio documentary program that first aired on CBC Radio One in the summer of 2008 with a second season in the Summer of 2010 and a third in 2011. Hosted by Gordon Pinsent, The Late Show presents documentaries which are essentially extended obituaries of ordinary, but interesting, Canadians who have recently died.

Radio documentary
A radio documentary is a spoken word radio format devoted to non-fiction narrative. It is broadcast on radio as well as distributed through media such as tape, CD, and podcast. A radio documentary, or feature, covers a topic in depth from one or more perspectives, often featuring interviews, commentary, and sound pictures. A radio feature may include original music compositions and creative sound design or can resemble traditional journalistic radio reporting, but cover an issue in greater depth.
Marcus Foster
Marcus Albert Foster (March 31, 1923 – November 6, 1973) was an American educator who gained a national reputation for educational excellence while serving as principal of Simon Gratz High School in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1966–1969), as Associate Superintendent of Schools in Philadelphia (1969–1970), and as the first black superintendent of a large city school district. He was appointed in 1970 as Superintendent of the Oakland Unified School District in Oakland, California. Foster was assassinated in 1973 by members of the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA), a then newly founded domestic terrorist group.

Simon Gratz High School Mastery Charter
Simon Gratz High School Mastery Charter, formerly Simon Gratz High School is a secondary school in Philadelphia. Its name honors Simon Gratz (1840-1925), a member of the Philadelphia Board of Education.  Originally a public high school operated by the School District of Philadelphia, Gratz has been operated as a charter school by Mastery Schools since September 2011. Students from the previous public school's enrollment area are eligible to attend. It is the fifth Philadelphia high school operated by Mastery.

In 2012, the school was removed from the Persistently Dangerous Schools List while under the new management of Mastery. Part of the building is used for Mastery’s Prep Middle School (7-8th grade).
Terry George
Terence George (born 20 December 1952) is an Irish screenwriter and film director. Much of his film work (e.g. In the Name of the Father, The Boxer, Some Mother's Son) involves "The Troubles".

George has been nominated for three Academy Awards, winning once for Best Live Action Short Film for The Shore. He has twice been nominated for writing: for Best Adapted Screenplay for In the Name of the Father, and Best Original Screenplay for Hotel Rwanda.

Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay
The Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay is the Academy Award (also known as an Oscar) for the best screenplay not based upon previously published material; writers with "written by", "screenplay" or "story" credits are all collectively recognized as recipients for each nomination.

The category was created in 1940, and has always existed concurrently with the Best Adapted Screenplay category (conversely for films based on pre-existing intellectual properties); originally, it also co-existed with a third writing category, Best Story, which had been active since the original Academy Awards ceremony in 1929; this latter award was meant to reward specifically writers who originated a film's plot and characters rather than those who wrote the dialogue and final screenplay, although Best Story would later be merged into Best Original Screenplay in 1956.
Quantum Turing machine
A quantum Turing machine (QTM) or universal quantum computer is an abstract machine used to model the effects of a quantum computer.  It provides a simple model that captures all of the power of quantum computation—that is, any quantum algorithm can be expressed formally as a particular quantum Turing machine. However, the computationally equivalent quantum circuit is a more common model.: 2

Quantum Turing machines can be related to classical and probabilistic Turing machines in a framework based on transition matrices. That is, a matrix can be specified whose product with the matrix representing a classical or probabilistic machine provides the quantum probability matrix representing the quantum machine. This was shown by Lance Fortnow.

Quantum circuit
In quantum information theory, a quantum circuit is a model for quantum computation, similar to classical circuits, in which a computation is a sequence of quantum gates, measurements, initializations of qubits to known values, and possibly other actions. The minimum set of actions that a circuit needs to be able to perform on the qubits to enable quantum computation is known as DiVincenzo's criteria.

Circuits are written such that the horizontal axis is time, starting at the left hand side and ending at the right. Horizontal lines are qubits, doubled lines represent classical bits. The items that are connected by these lines are operations performed on the qubits, such as measurements or gates. These lines define the sequence of events, and are usually not physical cables.

The graphical depiction of quantum circuit elements is described using a variant of the Penrose graphical notation. Richard Feynman used an early version of the quantum circuit notation in 1986.