hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Norma J. Lang
Norma J. Lang was a phycologist and Professor of Plant Biology, Emerita at the University of California, Davis from 1963 to 1991. Her research primarily focused on understanding the structure of green algae and cyanobacteria.

Phycology
Phycology (from Ancient Greek  φῦκος (phûkos) 'seaweed' and  -λογία (-logía) 'study of') is the scientific study of algae.  Also known as algology, phycology is a branch of life science.

Algae are important as primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. Most algae are eukaryotic, photosynthetic organisms that live in a wet environment. They are distinguished from the higher plants by a lack of true roots, stems or leaves. They do not produce flowers. Many species are single-celled and microscopic (including phytoplankton and other microalgae); many others are multicellular to one degree or another, some of these growing to large size (for example, seaweeds such as kelp and Sargassum).

A number of microscopic algae also occur as symbionts in lichens.

Phycologists typically focus on either freshwater or ocean algae, and further within those areas, either diatoms or soft algae.
Edu, Nigeria
EduListenⓘ is a Local Government Area in Kwara State. A Nupe speaking  area in Nigeria. Edu consists of Lafiagi, Tsaragi and Tshonga Town. Its headquarters are in the town of Lafiagi.

It has an area of 2,542 km2 and a population of 201,469 as of the 2006 census.

The postal code of the area is 243.

Nupe language
Nupe (also known as Anufe, Nupenci, Nyinfe, and Tapa) is a Volta–Niger language of the Nupoid branch primarily spoken by the Nupe people of the North Central region of Nigeria. Its geographical distribution stretches and maintains preeminence in Niger State as well as Kwara, Kogi, Nasarawa and the Federal Capital Territory. Nupe is closely related to Kakanda in structure and vocabulary. There are at least two markedly different dialects of Nupe: Nupe central and Nupe Tako.
MS Stena Scandinavica (1972)
MS Stena Scandinavica (IMO number: 7226603) was a car/passenger ferry built in 1974 by Titovo Brodogradiliste in Kraljevica, Yugoslavia for Stena Line. Between 1978 and 1981 the ship sailed for Irish Ferries as Saint Killian. In 1981–1982 the ship was lengthened by 32.10 m (105 ft 4 in) at Amsterdamsche Droogdok Maatschaapij in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Subsequently, she was renamed Saint Killian II and remained in Irish Ferries service until 1997.

In 1998 the ship was sold to Greek interests and renamed Medina Star, but was laid up. From 2002 until 2005 she sailed as Egnatia III for Hellenic Mediterranean Lines and Algérie Ferries. She was laid up from 2005 until 2007, when she was scrapped in Alang, India as Egnatia.

Kraljevica
Kraljevica (known as Porto Re in Italian and literally translated as "King's cove" in English) is a town in the Kvarner region of western Croatia, located between Rijeka and Crikvenica, approximately thirty kilometers from Opatija and near the entrance to the bridge to the island of Krk. It is part of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County.

The town is known for its shipyard which has built a number of ships for the Croatian navy.
Diaa
Diaa (Arabic: ضياء) is an Egyptian male given name.

Notable people with this name include:

Ahmed Diaa Eddine (1912–1976), Egyptian film director

Diaa al-Din Dawoud (1926–2011), Egyptian politician

Diaa Raofat (born 1988), Egyptian footballer

Diaa Rashwan (born 1960), Egyptian journalist

Karim Diaa Eddine, Egyptian director

Diaa al-Din Dawoud
Diaa al-Din Dawoud (name also spelled Diya el-Din Dawud or Diaaeddin Dawoud; 26 March 1926 – 6 April 2011) was an Egyptian politician and activist. He is the founder of the Arab Democratic Nasserist Party, serving as its secretary-general between 1992 and November 2010.
Three-letter rule
In English spelling, the three-letter rule, or short-word rule, is the observation that one- and two-letter words tend to be function words such as I, at, he, if, of, or, etc. As a consequence of the rule, "content words" tend to have at least three letters. In particular, content words containing fewer than three phonemes may be augmented with letters which are phonetically redundant, such as ebb, add, egg, inn, bee, awe, buy, owe, etc. Vivian Cook says of the rule, "People who are told about it are often surprised that they were previously unaware of something so obvious."

Phoneme
A phoneme (/ˈfoʊniːm/) is a set of similar speech sounds that are perceptually regarded by the speakers of a language as a single basic sound—a smallest possible phonetic unit—that helps distinguish one word from another. All languages contain phonemes (or the spatial–gestural equivalent in sign languages), and all spoken languages include both consonant and vowel phonemes. Phonemes are studied under phonology, a branch of linguistics (a discipline encompassing language, writing, speech and related matters).

Phonemes are often represented, when written, as a glyph (a character) enclosed within two forward-sloping slashes /. For example, /k/ represents the phoneme or sound used at the beginning of the English-language word cat (as opposed to, say, the /b/ of bat).
2019 Ýokary Liga
2019 Ýokary Liga season was the 27th edition of the top tier professional Yokary Liga football annual competition in Turkmenistan administered by the Football Federation of Turkmenistan.

Altyn Asyr defended their championship, winning their sixth title.

Football Federation of Turkmenistan
The Football Federation of Turkmenistan  (Turkmen: Türkmenistanyň Futbol Federasiýasy; TFF) is the governing body of football and futsal in Turkmenistan. It is responsible for the national team, as well as club competitions
Francis II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg
Francis II of Saxe-Lauenburg (Ratzeburg, 10 August 1547 – 2 July 1619, Lauenburg upon Elbe), was the third son of Francis I of Saxe-Lauenburg and Sybille of Saxe-Freiberg (Freiberg, 2 May 1515 – 18 July 1592, Buxtehude), daughter of Duke Henry IV the Pious of Saxony. From 1581 on he ruled Saxe-Lauenburg as duke.

Henry IV, Duke of Saxony
Henry IV the Pious, Duke of Saxony (German: Heinrich der Fromme; 16 March 1473, in Dresden – 18 August 1541, in Dresden) was a Duke of Saxony from the House of Wettin. Succeeding his brother George, Duke of Saxony, a fervent Catholic who sought to extinguish Lutheranism by any means possible, Henry established the Lutheran church as the state religion in his domains.
Music of Mississippi
Mississippi is best known as the home of the blues which developed among the freed African Americans in the latter half of the 19th century and beginning 20th century. The Delta blues is the style most closely associated with the state, and includes performers like Charley Patton, Robert Johnson (buried in Greenwood, MS), David "Honeyboy" Edwards, Willie Brown, Tommy Johnson, Ishmon Bracey, Bo Carter, Sam Chatmon, Mississippi John Hurt, Furry Lewis, Son House, Skip James, Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, John Lee Hooker, Pinetop Perkins, Albert King and B.B. King.

Furry Lewis
Walter E. "Furry" Lewis (March 6, 1893 or 1899 – September 14, 1981) was an American country blues guitarist and songwriter from Memphis, Tennessee. He was one of the earliest of the blues musicians active in the 1920s to be brought out of retirement and given new opportunities to record during the folk blues revival of the 1960s.
Ladislav Měšťan
Ladislav Měšťan (born 17 May 1941 in Ostrava) is a Czechoslovak retired slalom canoeist who competed in the 1960s and 1970s. He won six medals at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with a gold (C-2 team: 1965 Spittal), three silvers (C-2: 1969; C-2 team: 1967, 1969) and two bronzes (C-2: 1967,C-2 team: 1971).

Měšťan also finished 16th in the C-2 event at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.

1967 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 1967 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held in Lipno nad Vltavou, Czechoslovakia under the auspices of International Canoe Federation. It was the 10th edition. The mixed C2 team event was not held after having been done so at the previous championships.
L'Amant Secret
L'Amant Secret (Korean: 라망 시크레) is a fine dining restaurant in Seoul, South Korea. It is located in the L'Escape Hotel and first opened in 2018. It serves contemporary cuisine, with some of the dishes taking inspiration from Korean cuisine. It received one Michelin star from 2021 through 2025. The restaurant was listed among the top 1,000 global restaurants in La Liste.

The restaurant's head chef is Son Jong-won (손종원). Son worked under chef Corey Lee of Benu, and at Quince. He also worked in Singapore's Seroja. The restaurant's interior is themed as a "Parisian escape in the Heart of Seoul". Son also runs the restaurant Eatanic Garden, which also became Michelin-starred under his tenure.

Benu (restaurant)
Benu is the first restaurant in San Francisco to have received three Michelin stars. Located in the SoMa district, Benu was opened in 2010 by chef Corey Lee, the former Chef de Cuisine at the French Laundry.

In 2019, Benu made its debut on The World's 50 Best Restaurants, and in 2024 celebrated ten consecutive years of three stars.
2006 RCA Championships
The 2006 RCA Championships was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 19th edition of the event known that year as the RCA Championships, and was part of the International Series of the 2006 ATP Tour. It took place at the Indianapolis Tennis Center in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, from July 17 through July 24, 2006. It was the first event of the 2004 US Open series.

The singles draw featured Americans James Blake (seeded #3), Andy Roddick (2003 U.S. Open champion – #2) and Robby Ginepri (#4) as three of the top four seeds. It also featured Delray Beach and Los Angeles winner Tommy Haas, Fernando González, Dmitry Tursunov and former grand slam finalist Marat Safin.

Dmitry Tursunov
Dmitry Igorevich Tursunov (Russian: Дми́трий И́горевич Турсу́нов, IPA: [ˈdmʲitrʲɪj tʊrˈsunəf] ⓘ; born 12 December 1982) is a Russian tennis coach and former player. At age 12, he moved to the United States to train and further his prospects of becoming a professional player. His career-high singles ranking is world No. 20, achieved in October 2006.

Tursunov jokes about his lack of ability and success on clay courts. He was sponsored by Fila and Wilson. He helped the Russian Davis Cup team win the 2006 Davis Cup and reach the finals of the 2007 Davis Cup.
Nukus Airport
Nukus Airport (Karakalpak: Nókis xalıqaralıq aeroportı / Нөкис халықаралық аэропорты; Uzbek: Nukus xalqaro aeroporti / Нукус халқаро аэропорти) (IATA: NCU, ICAO: UZNN) is an airport serving Nukus, the capital city of Karakalpakstan, an autonomous republic within Uzbekistan. The airport services more than twenty passenger flights to other cities in Uzbekistan and CIS weekly.

During the Soviet period, it was home to a separate aviation test squadron supporting chemical weapons development, which flew flights to Zhaslyk airfield adjoining the Zhaslyk chemical weapons site.

Autonomous republic
An autonomous republic is a type of administrative division similar to a province or state. A significant number of autonomous republics can be found within the successor states of the Soviet Union, but the majority are located within Russia.  Many of these republics were established during the Soviet period as Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics, or ASSRs.
Moso
Moso or MoSo can refer to:

MoSo, a music and technology festival in Saskatoon, Canada

Moso (island), an island in Vanuatu

Moso (sword), a traditional sword from Indonesia

Missouri Southern State University, sometimes nicknamed "MoSo"

Phyllostachys edulis, a species of bamboo also called "moso bamboo"

Mosuo, an ethnic minority in the People's Republic of China also spelled "Moso"

Moos in Passeier, a town in Italy known in Italian as "Moso in Passiria"

Moso (island)
Moso is an island off the northwest coast of Efate in Vanuatu, in Shefa Province. It is separated from Efate by Namoso Passage, which is 200 metres (660 ft) wide at its narrowest point.

Along with Lelepa, it creates the harbour at north Efate known as Port Havannah.  This harbour was a focal point during World War II, with many troops stationed there, including posts on Moso itself.  Today, small tokens of the soldiers' presence can still be seen on Moso.
Torquay Herald Express
The Herald Express is a local newspaper covering the Torbay area of the United Kingdom. It is published by Reach plc. It serves a wide surrounding area of coastal and inland communities in South Devon, which attracts millions of tourists each year to swell its 100,000-plus resident population.

Reach plc
Reach plc (known as Trinity Mirror between 1999 and 2018) is a British newsbrand, magazine and digital publisher. It is one of the UK and Ireland's largest commercial news groups, both in online audience and titles, with over 120 print and online brands, including nationals Daily Mirror, Daily Express, Sunday Express, Daily Star, local titles including the Manchester Evening News, Liverpool Echo, BirminghamLive, Nottingham Post and BelfastLive, as well as WalesOnline, OK!  magazine, and the Scottish Daily Record and Sunday Mail. Reach plc's headquarters are at One Canada Square in London. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange.
SV Ahlerstedt/Ottendorf
SV Ahlerstedt/Ottendorf is a German association football club from Ahlerstedt, Lower Saxony, best known for its men's and women's teams in all age groups. The men's senior team plays in the Landesliga Lüneburg, the sixth tier in the league pyramid.

Landesliga Lüneburg
The Landesliga Lüneburg, called the Bezirksoberliga Lüneburg from 1979 to 1994 and 2006 to 2010, is the sixth tier of the German football league system and the second highest league in the German state of Lower Saxony (German:Niedersachsen). It covers the region of the now defunct Regierungsbezirk Lüneburg.

It is one of four leagues at this level in Lower Saxony, the other three being the Landesliga Braunschweig, the Landesliga Weser-Ems and the Landesliga Hannover.

The term Landesliga can be translated as State league.
Telegraph troops
Telegraph troops are responsible for the establishment of their own side’s telegraphic communications in war and for the disruption of the enemy’s telegraphic communications. 
The telegraph troops created in Prussia in 1830 within the New Prussian engineer battalions were established as a separate corps in 1899, which subsequently became the Signal Corps of the Wehrmacht and Waffen SS. Its modern successors are the signal troops and electronic warfare troops. Its predecessors used various optical telegraphic systems.

Signal Corps of the Wehrmacht and Waffen SS
The Signal Corps or Nachrichtentruppe des Heeres, in the sense of signal troops, was an arm of service in the army of the German Wehrmacht and Waffen SS, whose role was to establish and operate military communications, especially using telephone and radio networks.

By order of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht dated 14 Oct 1942, it was part of the combat arms of the German Wehrmacht and Waffen SS until 1945.

The colour allocated by the Wehrmacht and Waffen SS in 1935 to their signal corps was lemon yellow. By contrast, the corps colour of the air force signal troops of the Luftwaffe was brown.
Iron peak
The iron peak is a local maximum in the vicinity of Fe (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni) on the graph of the abundances of the chemical elements.

For elements lighter than iron on the periodic table, nuclear fusion releases energy. For iron, and for all of the heavier elements, nuclear fusion consumes energy. Chemical elements up to the iron peak are produced in ordinary stellar nucleosynthesis, with the alpha elements being particularly abundant.  Some heavier elements are produced by less efficient processes such as the r-process and s-process.  Elements with atomic numbers close to iron are produced in large quantities in supernovae due to explosive oxygen and silicon fusion, followed by radioactive decay of nuclei such as Nickel-56.  On average, heavier elements are less abundant in the universe, but some of those near iron are comparatively more abundant than would be expected from this trend.

Exothermic process
In thermodynamics, an exothermic process (from Ancient Greek  έξω (éxō) 'outward' and  θερμικός (thermikós) 'thermal') is a thermodynamic process or reaction that releases energy from the system to its surroundings, usually in the form of heat, but also in a form of light (e.g. a spark, flame, or flash), electricity (e.g. a battery), or sound (e.g. explosion heard when burning hydrogen). The term exothermic was first coined by 19th-century French chemist Marcellin Berthelot.

The opposite of an exothermic process is an endothermic process, one that absorbs energy, usually in the form of heat.  The concept is frequently applied in the physical sciences to chemical reactions where chemical bond energy is converted to thermal energy (heat).
Small nucleolar RNA R72
In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA R72  (also known as snoR72)  is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule identified in plants which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.

snoR72 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.

snoR72 was originally identified in Arabidopsis thaliana and is predicted to acts as a methylation guide for 25S ribosomal RNA rRNA.

Methylation
Methylation, in the chemical sciences, is the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group. Methylation is a form of alkylation, with a methyl group replacing a hydrogen atom.  These terms are commonly used in chemistry, biochemistry, soil science, and biology.

In biological systems, methylation is catalyzed by enzymes; such methylation can be involved in modification of heavy metals, regulation of gene expression, regulation of protein function, and RNA processing. In vitro methylation of tissue samples is also a way to reduce some histological staining artifacts. The reverse of methylation is demethylation.
Venue in Virginia civil procedure
'Venue' in Virginia civil procedure describes the rules governing which court in the Commonwealth of Virginia is the appropriate place for a case to be tried, presuming that subject matter jurisdiction and personal jurisdiction have been established.

Court
A court is an institution, often a government entity, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties  and administer justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law.

Courts generally consist of judges or other judicial officers, and are usually established and dissolved through legislation enacted by a legislature. Courts may also be established by constitution or an equivalent constituting instrument.

The practical authority given to the court is known as its jurisdiction, which describes the court's power to decide certain kinds of questions, or petitions put to it. There are various kinds of courts, including trial courts, appellate courts, administrative courts, international courts, and tribunals.
Lithops divergens
Lithops divergens is a succulent plant species in the genus Lithops of the family Aizoaceae. It is endemic to the western Cape Provinces of South Africa. It is able to withstand intense climatic changes due to its resilience as a succulent. The average annual rainfall for its natural environment is less than 150 mm, occurring primarily in winter which is unusual for a Lithops.

Aizoaceae
The Aizoaceae (/ˌeɪzoʊˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), or fig-marigold family, are a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing 135 genera and about 1,800 species. Several genera are commonly named ice plants or carpet weeds. The Aizoaceae are also referred to as vygies in South Africa. Some of the unusual  Southern African genera—such as Conophytum, Lithops, Titanopsis, and Pleiospilos (among others)—resemble gemstones, rocks, or pebbles, and are sometimes called living stones or mesembs (short for mesembryanthemums).
National Register of Historic Places listings in Baltimore
The National Register of Historic Places listings in the city of Baltimore, Maryland covers the more than 300 properties and historic districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in the independent city of Baltimore, Maryland. NRHP listings in Baltimore County, which surrounds but does not include the city, are in the National Register of Historic Places listings in Baltimore County, Maryland.

The central portion of the city and significant portions of the waterfront and city park system are included in the federally designated Baltimore National Heritage Area.

Historic properties and districts in Baltimore, Maryland on the National Register of Historic Places:

NRHPs in Central Baltimore (108 listings)

NRHPs in North and Northwest Baltimore (64 listings)

NRHPs in West and Southwest Baltimore (22 listings)

NRHPs in East and Northeast Baltimore (43 listings)

NRHPs in South and Southeast Baltimore (77 listings)

Independent city (United States)
In the United States, an independent city is a city that is not in the territory of any county or counties and is considered a primary administrative division of its state. Independent cities are classified by the United States Census Bureau as "county equivalents" and may also have similar governmental powers to a consolidated city-county or a unitary authority. However, in the case of a consolidated city-county, a city and a county were merged into a unified jurisdiction in which the county at least nominally exists to this day, whereas an independent city was legally separated from any county or merged with a county that simultaneously ceased to exist even in name.

Of the 41 independent U.S. cities, 38 are in Virginia, whose state constitution makes them a special case. The three independent cities outside Virginia are Baltimore, Maryland; St. Louis, Missouri; and Carson City, Nevada. Baltimore is the most populous independent city in the United States.
Cadernos Pagu
Cadernos Pagu is a Brazilian academic journal on gender studies and sexuality. It was established in 1993 at the Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Pagu was the nickname of Patrícia Galvão, an iconic Brazilian feminist. The journal is published in Portuguese and the editor-in-chief is Leila Mezan Algranti (Universidade Estadual de Campinas).

Pagu
Patrícia Rehder Galvão, known by her pseudonym Pagu (June 9, 1910 – December 12, 1962) was a Brazilian writer, poet, playwright, journalist, and translator who had a large role in the Brazilian Modernist movement.  Pagu was also politically active, being associated to the  Brazilian Communist Party during the 1930 decade.