hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Neal Knox
Clifford Neal Knox (June 20, 1935 – January 17, 2005) was a board member and officer of the National Rifle Association of America (NRA), gun magazine writer and editor, gun rights activist, and prolific author of technical firearms articles and articles related to his interpretation of the Second Amendment and views on firearms laws.

Gun politics in the United States
In the context of gun violence in the United States, there are two primary opposing ideologies regarding private firearm ownership: gun control and gun rights.

Advocates of gun control support increasingly restrictive regulations on gun ownership, while proponents of gun rights oppose such restrictions and often support the liberalization of gun ownership. These groups typically differ in their interpretations of the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution, as well as in their views on the role of firearms in public safety, their impact on public health, and their relationship to crime rates at both national and state levels.: 1–3

Since the early 21st century, private firearm ownership in the United States has been steadily increasing, with a notable acceleration during and after 2020.
The survey also indicates a rise in the diversity of firearm owners, with increased ownership rates among females and ethnic minorities compared to previous years.
Italian cruiser Coatit
Coatit was a torpedo cruiser of the Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy) built in the late 1890s. She was the second and final member of the Agordat class. The ship, which was armed with twelve 76 mm (3 in) guns and two 450 mm (17.7 in) torpedo tubes, was too slow and short-ranged to be able to scout effectively for the fleet, so her career was limited. She saw action during the Italo-Turkish War in 1911–1912, where she provided gunfire support to Italian troops in North Africa. She also caused a minor diplomatic incident from an attack on retreating Ottoman soldiers in Anatolia. Coatit was part of an international fleet sent to Constantinople when the city appeared to be at risk of falling to the Bulgarian Army during the First Balkan War. In 1919, she was converted into a minelayer and was sold for scrap in 1920.

Paolo Thaon di Revel
Paolo Camillo Thaon, Marquess of Revel (10 June 1859 – 24 March 1948), latterly titled with the honorary title of 1st Duke of the Sea, was an Italian admiral of the Regia Marina during World War I and later a politician.
Mario Beccia
Mario Beccia (born August 16, 1955, in Troia, Apulia) is an Italian former professional road bicycle racer, active between 1977 and 1988.

During his career, Beccia won a total of fifteen races, including four stages of the Giro d'Italia, the Tour de Suisse of 1980 and the La Flèche Wallonne of 1982.

Tour de Suisse
The Tour de Suisse (English: Tour of Switzerland) is an annual road cycling stage race. Raced over eight days, the event covers two weekends in June, and along with the Critérium du Dauphiné, it is considered a proving ground for the Tour de France, which is on the calendar approximately two weeks after the end of the Tour de Suisse. Since 2011 the event is part of the UCI World Tour, cycling's highest level of professional races.

From 2021, a women's race has been held at the same time, with the event joining the UCI Women's World Tour from 2023.
The Positions
The Positions is the debut studio album by Australian alternative rock band Gang of Youths, released on 17 April 2015 through Mosy Recordings. Written by frontman David Le'aupepe over three years, his lyrics reflect personal struggles including the breakdown of his marriage following his then-wife's cancer diagnosis and his suicide attempt. Produced mostly by the band and Kevin McMahon, the album lingered in development for years, with constant re-recordings owing to Le'aupepe's perfectionism.

Supported by three singles including the band's breakout hit "Magnolia", The Positions debuted at number five on the ARIA Albums Chart. It earned the band three nominations at the 2015 ARIA Awards, for Breakthrough Artist, Best Rock Album and Best Cover Art, as well as Australian Album of the Year at the J Awards of 2015. In 2021, Rolling Stone Australia ranked The Positions at number 89 in their list of the 200 greatest Australian albums of all time.

Adrian Breakspear
Adrian Breakspear is an English record producer and audio engineer based in Sydney, Australia. He is known for his work with Gang of Youths, Boy & Bear, Ricky Martin and Pharrell Williams.

At the 57th Annual Grammy Awards, he was nominated for co-producing Williams's 2014 album Girl. He received a nomination for Engineer of the Year at the 29th Annual ARIA Awards for his work on Gang of Youths's single "Radioface", and won Producer of the Year at the 31st Annual ARIA Awards for his work alongside Gang of Youths on their album Go Farther in Lightness (2017).

In 2020, he had a cameo role in the Helen Reddy biopic I Am Woman.
Van Muydenbukta
Van Muydenbukta is a large, open bay on the northern side of Bellsund, on the west coast of Spitsbergen. It is named after the Dutchman Willem Cornelisz. van Muyden, commander of the Dutch whaling fleet in 1612 and 1613.

Bellsund
Bellsund is a 20-kilometer (12 mi) long sound on the west coast of Spitsbergen, part of the Svalbard archipelago of Norway. It is separated from Van Mijenfjorden by the islands of Akseløya and Mariaholmen. Bellsund is located south of Nordenskiöld Land and north of Wedel Jarlsberg Land.
Eleutherodactylus grahami
Eleutherodactylus grahami is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae. It is endemic to Artibonite, Haiti, the northwestern region of the country. Its common name is Graham's robber frog.

Eleutherodactylus grahami occurs on limestone ridges with boulders and xerophytic vegetation at elevations of 20–330 m (66–1,083 ft) asl. It is moderately common in suitable habitat, but threatened by extreme habitat loss caused by charcoaling and small-scale agriculture; only pockets of suitable habitat remain.

Artibonite (department)
Artibonite (French pronunciation: [aʁtibɔnit]; Haitian Creole: Latibonit) is one of the ten departments of Haiti located in central Haiti. With an area of 4,887 km2 it is Haiti's largest department. As of 2015, its estimated population was 1,727,524. The region is the country's main rice-growing area. The main cities are Gonaïves (the capital) and Saint-Marc. In February 2004 an insurgency tried unsuccessfully to declare Artibonite's independence.
Crowned crane
A crowned crane is a bird of the genus Balearica:

Black crowned crane (Balearica pavonina)

Grey crowned crane (Balearica regulorum)

Some authorities use the term "crowned crane" to refer generally to the genus Balearica.  Likewise, the International Ornithological Committee, who standardize common species names, have also used the group name "crowned crane" in the common names of the extant species of the genus Balearica.

Black crowned crane
The black crowned crane (Balearica pavonina) is a part of the family Gruidae, along with its sister species, the grey crowned crane. It is topped with its characteristic bristle-feathered golden crown. It is usually found in the shallow wetlands of sub-Saharan Africa during the wet season, which act as its principal breeding, feeding and roosting sites although it can also be found foraging in grasslands and near croplands of dry savanna.
2013 Fergana Challenger – Men's doubles
Izak van der Merwe and Raven Klaasen were the defending champions, but not to participate.

Farrukh Dustov and Malek Jaziri won the title, defeating Ilija Bozoljac and Roman Jebavý in the final, 6–3, 6–3.

Malek Jaziri
Malek Jaziri (Arabic: مالك الجزيري, romanized: Mālik al-Jazīrī; born January 20, 1984) is a Tunisian former professional tennis player. Jaziri reached his highest singles ranking on the ATP Tour of World No. 42 in January 2019. He primarily played on the Futures and Challenger Tour.

Jaziri has been a member of the Tunisia Davis Cup team since 2000, posting an 33–15 record in singles and a 10–14 record in doubles in 41 ties.

He reached the final of the 2018 Istanbul Open, the semifinals in Moscow in 2012, Winston-Salem in 2015, Dubai in 2018 and the quarterfinals in Dubai in 2014.
Jan Bucher
Jan Bucher  (born 1957) is an American freestyle skier and world champion.

She won a gold medal in acroski (ski ballet) at the FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships 1986 in Tignes. At the FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships 1989 in Oberjoch, she won a second gold medal in ski ballet. She won a silver medal in ski ballet at the FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships 1991 in Lake Placid.

She took part at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, where ski ballet was a demonstration event.

Ski ballet
Ski ballet is a form of ballet performed on skis.  It is very similar to figure skating, combining spins, jumps, and flips in a two-minute routine choreographed to music.  It was part of the professional freestyle skiing tours of the 1970s and 1980s and then an official FIS and Olympic discipline until the year 2000. Ski ballet became known as Acroski in the 1990s in an effort to legitimize its place among the competitive ski community, especially to the FIS. It is no longer a part of competitive freestyle skiing.
Alpenus maculosus
Alpenus maculosus is a species of moth of the  family Erebidae. It was described by Caspar Stoll in 1781. It is found along the Gold Coast and in Lagos, Sierra Leone, Guinea, Angola, Cameroon, Nigeria, the Republic of the Congo, Uganda, eastern Africa and Zimbabwe.

The larvae feed on Commelina, Aster, Bidens pilosa, Senecio abyssinicus, Ipomoea, Zea mays, Arachis hypogaea, Phaseolus, Pseudarthria, Voandzeia subterranea, Gossypium and Theobroma cacao.

Ipomoea
Ipomoea (/ˌɪpəˈmiː.ə, -oʊ-/) is the largest genus in the plant family Convolvulaceae, with over 600 species. It is a large and diverse group, with common names including morning glory, water convolvulus or water spinach, sweet potato, bindweed, moonflower, etc. The genus occurs throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and comprises annual and perennial herbaceous plants, lianas, shrubs, and small trees; most of the species are twining climbing plants.

Their most widespread common name is morning glory, but some species in related genera bear that same common name and some Ipomoea species are known by different common names. Those formerly separated in Calonyction (Greek καλός kalós "good" and νύξ, νυκτός núx, nuktós, "night") are called moonflowers. The name Ipomoea is derived from the Ancient Greek ἴψ, meaning 'woodworm', and ὅμοιος (hómoios), meaning "resembling". It refers to their twining habit.
Cousin Bette (1928 film)
Cousin Bette (French: La cousine Bette) is a 1928 French silent historical drama film directed by Max de Rieux and starring Germaine Rouer, Henri Baudin and Alice Tissot. It is based on the 1846 novel Cousin Bette by Honoré de Balzac.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Claude Dauphin.

Claude Dauphin (actor)
Claude Dauphin (né Legrand; 19 August 1903 – 16 November 1978) was a French actor. He appeared in more than 130 films between 1930 and 1978, including Barbarella, The Quiet American, The Tenant, Grand Prix and a voice role in The Tale of the Fox, considered to be one of the earliest stop-motion animated films.
Crudo (novel)
Crudo is a 2018 novel by Olivia Laing. The book, Laing's first novel, incorporates autobiographical elements and details from the life of American author Kathy Acker. The novel was well-received, winning the James Tait Black Memorial Prize.

Kathy Acker
Kathy Acker (April 18, 1947 [disputed] – November 30, 1997) was an American experimental novelist, poet, playwright, essayist, critic, performance artist, and postmodernist writer, known for her idiosyncratic and transgressive writing that dealt with complex themes such as childhood trauma, sexuality, language, identity, and rebellion. Her writing incorporates pastiche and the cut-up technique, involving cutting-up and scrambling passages and sentences; she also defined her writing as existing in the post-nouveau roman European tradition. In her texts, she combines biographical elements, power, sex and violence.
Zelyony Ostrov
Zelyony Ostrov (Russian: Зелёный Остров) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Tsvetnovsky Selsoviet of Volodarsky District, Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. The population was 171 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

Volodarsky District, Astrakhan Oblast
Volodarsky District (Russian: Волода́рский райо́н; Kazakh: Володар ауданы, Volodar audany) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the eleven in Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is 3,883 square kilometers (1,499 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a settlement) of Volodarsky. Population: 47,825 (2010 Census); 47,351 (2002 Census); 46,638 (1989 Soviet census). The population of the administrative center accounts for 20.9% of the district's total population.

Kazakhs are the dominant ethnic group in the district and make up around 68% of its population. Ethnic minorities include ethnic Russians (29%) and Tatars (2%).
Kangwon National University School of Law
Kangwon National University School of Law (Korean: 강원대학교 법학전문대학원, also known as KNU Law School 강원법대 로스쿨 or KangLaw 강로) is one of the professional graduate schools of Kangwon National University (KNU). Located in Chuncheon, South Korea, it is one of the 25 government approved law schools. It specializes in environmental law and offers scholarship to all eligible students.

Chuncheon
Chuncheon (Korean: 춘천; Hanja: 春川市; Korean pronunciation: [tɕʰun.tɕʰʌn]; literally spring river), formerly spelled as Ch'unch'ŏn, is the capital of the state of Gangwon, South Korea. The city lies in the north of the country, located in a basin formed by the Soyang River and Han River. There are some large lakes around the city, most notably Soyang Lake and Uiam Lake (or Uiam Dam). The area has small river islands, such as Sangjungdo, Ha-Jungdo, Bungeodo, and Wido.

It is a popular destination among East Asian tourists as it was featured in the popular South Korean TV drama Winter Sonata. It is where the resort island of Namiseom is located. Also, Gangwon Provincial Office is located in the city.
Caddy spoon
A caddy spoon is a spoon used for measuring out tea in the form of dried tea leaves. Traditionally made of silver, they became very popular at the end of the 18th century, when this relatively inexpensive utensil could be found in practically any middle class household. Tea was sometimes stored in elaborate boxes or containers called tea caddies, and these spoons were made to be used with such containers. The caddy spoons went out of fashion in the early 20th century.

Camellia sinensis
Camellia sinensis is a species of evergreen shrub or small tree in the flowering plant family Theaceae. Its leaves, leaf buds, and stems are used to produce tea. Common names include tea plant, tea shrub, and tea tree (unrelated to Melaleuca alternifolia, the source of tea tree oil, or the genus Leptospermum commonly called tea tree).

White tea, yellow tea, green tea, oolong, dark tea (which includes pu-erh tea) and black tea are all made from two of the five varieties which form the main crops now grown, C. sinensis var. sinensis and C. s. var. assamica, but are processed differently to attain varying levels of oxidation with black tea being the most oxidized and white being the least. Kukicha (twig tea) is also made from C. sinensis, but uses twigs and stems rather than leaves.
Moon of Israel (novel)
Moon of Israel is a novel by English writer H. Rider Haggard, first published in 1918 by John Murray. Moon of Israel is a historical novel with fantasy elements.  The novel narrates the events of the Biblical Exodus from Egypt told from the perspective of a scribe named Ana. Moon of Israel is set during the reign of the Pharaoh Amenmeses, identified in the novel as the Pharaoh of the Exodus.

Haggard dedicated his novel to Sir Gaston Maspero, a distinguished Egyptologist and director of Cairo Museum.

Amenmesse
Amenmesse (also Amenmesses or Amenmeses) was the fifth pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty in Ancient Egypt, possibly the son of Merneptah and Queen Takhat. Others consider him to be one of the innumerable sons of Ramesses II. Very little is known about this pharaoh, who ruled Egypt for only three to four years. Various Egyptologists date his reign between 1202 BC–1199 BC or 1203 BC–1200 BC with others giving an accession date of 1200 BC. Amenmesse means "born of or fashioned by Amun" in Egyptian. Additionally, his nomen can be found with the epithet Heqa-waset, which means "Ruler of Thebes". His royal name was Menmire Setepenre.
Henri Toivomäki
Henri Toivomäki (born 21 February 1991) is a Finnish former professional footballer, who last played as a defender for KuPS. He previously played for Sarpsborg 08, FC Lahti, Atalanta, FC Hämeenlinna, AFC Ajax and Almere City FC.

On 3 October 2023, Toivomäki announced that he is forced to end his professional career due to a head injury he suffered in a UEFA Europa Conference League match against Derry City in July 2023.

Veikkausliiga
Veikkausliiga (Finnish: [ˈʋei̯kːɑusˌliːɡɑ]) is a professional association football league in Finland and the highest level of the Finnish football league system. The league comprises the top 12 clubs of the country. Its main sponsor is the Finnish national betting agency Veikkaus, hence the league's name. Veikkausliiga was founded in 1990; before that the top division was called Mestaruussarja (championship series) since 1930 which was an amateur or semi-professional league. Between 1908 and 1930 the championship was decided as a knock-out cup competition.
Drum Club
Drum Club was a British 1990s electronic music duo, of former promoters and DJs Charlie Hall and Lol Hammond.  They released several albums and singles on record labels such as Big Life and Butterfly Records.  Their 1993 single "Sound System" reached No. 63 on the UK Singles Chart.  They have remixed artists such as Psychick Warriors Ov Gaia, Chapterhouse, Killing Joke, Transglobal Underground and Invaders Of The Heart, and have been remixed by artists including Hardkiss, Underworld, Youth and Orbital.

Chapterhouse (band)
Chapterhouse are an English shoegaze band from Reading, Berkshire. Formed in 1987 by Andrew Sherriff, Stephen Patman and Simon Rowe, the band began performing alongside Spacemen 3.  They released two albums: Whirlpool (1991) and Blood Music (1993). The group temporarily reformed in 2008 after being asked to join Ulrich Schnauss onstage to perform his cover version of their song "Love Forever" at the Truck Festival in Oxfordshire. The band finished the brief reunion with two gigs in London (2009–2010) and tours in North America and Japan in 2010.
Tier 2 capital
Tier 2 capital, or supplementary capital, includes a number of important and legitimate constituents of a bank's capital requirement. These forms of banking capital were largely standardized in the Basel I accord, issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and left untouched by the Basel II accord. National regulators of most countries around the world have implemented these standards in local legislation. In the calculation of regulatory capital, Tier 2 is limited to 100% of Tier 1 capital.

Basel I
Basel I is the first Basel Accord. It arose from deliberations by central bankers from major countries during the late 1970s and 1980s. In 1988, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) in Basel, Switzerland, published a set of minimum capital requirements for banks. It is also known as the 1988 Basel Accord, and was enforced by law in the Group of Ten (G-10) countries in 1992.
IEEE 754-2008 revision
IEEE 754-2008 (previously known as IEEE 754r) is a revision of the IEEE 754 standard for floating-point arithmetic. 
It was published in August 2008 and is a significant revision to, and replaces, the IEEE 754-1985 standard.
The 2008 revision extended the previous standard where it was necessary, added decimal arithmetic and formats, tightened up certain areas of the original standard which were left undefined, and merged in IEEE 854 (the radix-independent floating-point standard).
In a few cases, where stricter definitions of binary floating-point arithmetic might be performance-incompatible with some existing implementation, they were made optional.
In 2019, it was updated with a minor revision IEEE 754-2019.

Maximum and minimum
In mathematical analysis, the maximum and minimum of a function are, respectively, the greatest and least value taken by the function. Known generically as extrema, they may be defined either within a given range (the local or relative extrema) or on the entire domain (the global or absolute extrema) of a function. Pierre de Fermat was one of the first mathematicians to propose a general technique, adequality, for finding the maxima and minima of functions.

As defined in set theory, the maximum and minimum of a set are the greatest and least elements in the set, respectively. Unbounded infinite sets, such as the set of real numbers, have no minimum or maximum.

In statistics, the corresponding concept is the sample maximum and minimum.
Murtagh Dulenagh O'Neill
Murtagh Dulenagh O'Neill (Irish: Muirchertach Duileanach Ó Néill) was a lord of Clandeboye in medieval Ireland. A son of Niall Mór O'Neill, he succeeded his brother, Niall Oge O'Neill, to the lordship of Clandeboye after his death in 1537.

His hold over Clandeboye was gradually weakened by his nephews, the sons of Niall Oge and Phelim Bacagh O'Neill. By 1533 he was lord of Clandeboye in name only as his rivals had divided the majority of Clandeboye between them founding the lordships of Lower and Upper Clandeboye. Despite having eight "tall sons", they could only muster twenty-four horsemen between them. As such he was the last of the family to be lord over the entirety of Clandeboye. O'Neill died after 1556, however as a sign of how far his stock had fallen his death was not recorded.

His epithet of Duileanach suggests that he may have been fostered by the O'Doolan's found in what is now the barony of Castlereagh, which was within the Clandeboy domain.

Doolan
Doolan (Irish: Ó Duibhleachain) is a surname of Irish origin. They were chiefs of the Clan Breasail Mac Duileachain in the Ulaid sub-kingdom of Dál Fiatach, specifically located in what became the barony of Castlereagh.
Operation Blücher
Operation Blücher refers to several German army operations named after Prussian Field Marshal Blücher:

Operation Blücher, a World War I alternative plan to Heilger Michael. It called for an attack on Allied forces near the Aisne River, scheduled for spring 1918. It is also known as Third Battle of the Aisne - see German spring offensive.

Operation Blücher, a World War II attack from the Crimean Peninsula across the Kerch Straits into the Caucasus, as part of Operation Blau. It was executed in a much smaller-than-planned form on 2 September 1942.

Operation Blücher, the last German offensive operation in France during World War II, during the Siege of Dunkirk. German forces pushed the front back about 15 km before digging in and holding. Fighting continued until 4 May 1945, and the lines were held until 9 May 1945.

Siege of Dunkirk (1944–1945)
The siege of Dunkirk in World War II (also known as the Second Battle of Dunkirk) began in September 1944, when the Second Canadian Division surrounded the fortified city and port of Dunkirk. The siege lasted until after the end of the European war in Europe. German units within the fortress withstood probing attacks and as the opening of the port of Antwerp was more important, the 21st Army Group commander, Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery, decided to contain but not capture Dunkirk with the 1st Czechoslovak Armoured Brigade. The fortress, commanded by Admiral Friedrich Frisius, eventually surrendered unconditionally to Brigadier General Alois Liška, the commander of the Czechoslovak brigade group, on 9 May 1945, a day after the surrender of Nazi Germany took effect.