hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Southern New York Railway
The Southern New York Railway (SNY) was an electric rail line that provided passenger and freight service, but also provided electricity for customers along the line until 1924. The railway was previously called Oneonta Street Railway (1888-1897), Oneonta & Otego Valley Railroad (1897-1900), Oneonta, Cooperstown & Richfield Springs Railway (1900-1906), Oneonta & Mohawk Valley Railway (1906-1908), Otsego & Herkimer Railroad (1908-1916), Southern New York Power & Railway Co. (1916-1924), and Southern New York Railroad (1924-1970).

Overhead line
An overhead line or overhead wire is an electrical cable that is used to transmit electrical energy to electric locomotives, electric multiple units, trolleybuses or trams. The generic term used by the International Union of Railways for the technology is overhead line. It is known variously as overhead catenary, overhead contact line (OCL), overhead contact system (OCS), overhead equipment (OHE), overhead line equipment (OLE or OHLE), overhead lines (OHL), overhead wiring (OHW), traction wire, and trolley wire.

An overhead line consists of one or more wires (or rails, particularly in tunnels) situated over rail tracks, raised to a high electrical potential by connection to feeder stations at regularly spaced intervals along the track. The feeder stations are usually fed from a high-voltage electrical grid.
National Salvation Front
The term National Salvation Front has been used by political parties in several countries:

National Salvation Front (Benin)

National Salvation Front (Cambodia)

National Salvation Front (Egypt)

National Salvation Front (Lebanon)

National Salvation Front (Romania)

National Salvation Front (Russia)

National Salvation Front (Tunisia)

National Front for Salvation (Tunisia)

National Salvation Front (Sri Lanka)

National Front for the Salvation of Libya

National Salvation Front (South Sudan)

National Salvation Front in Syria

National Salvation Front (Tunisia)
The “National Salvation Front” in Tunisia (NSFT) is a Tunisian political group headed by Ahmed Najib Chebbi, founded on 31 May 2022, 10 months after the political crisis  in Tunisia. The Front includes several Tunisian political entities who oppose actions taken by President Kais Saied, including his suspension of the House of Representatives as well as other measures which the Front considers a coup against legitimate political rule. Among the front's participants are Ennahda Movement, Amal Movement, Tunisia Movement of Will, Dignity Coalition and Heart of Tunisia, Citizens’ Movement against the Coup, the Democratic Initiative, the National Salvation Meeting, the Tunisian Movement for Democracy, the Meeting for Tunisia, the Youth Meeting for Democracy and Social Justice, and the Coordination of Parliament Representatives. In April 2024, the National Salvation Front coalition announced that it was boycotting the 2024 presidential election, denouncing an “electoral farce”.
Breiteberg
The Breiteberg is a hill in the Lusatian Highlands in Free State of Saxony, Federal Republic of Germany, with an altitude of 510 metres (1,670 ft) above mean sea level. It is the local mountain of Hainewalde, and about half-an-hour's drive from the village. Phonolite covers most of its surface.

Bertsdorf-Hörnitz
Bertsdorf-Hörnitz (Upper Sorbian: Bertzdorf-Hörnicy) is a municipality in the Görlitz district, Saxony, Germany.

Althörnitz Castle was built between 1651 and 1654 for Christian von Hartig, mayor of Zittau. The von Sandersleben family owned it from 1881 until expropriation in 1945. It currently operates as a hotel.
Open de Guadeloupe
The Open de Guadeloupe (formerly known as Orange Open Guadeloupe) is a tennis tournament held in Le Gosier, Guadeloupe since 2011. The event is part of the ATP Challenger Tour and is played on hard courts.

Le Gosier
Le Gosier (French pronunciation: [lə ɡozje]; Antillean Creole: Gozyé) is a commune in the French overseas region and department of Guadeloupe, in the Lesser Antilles. It is located on the south side of the island of Grande-Terre and part of the urban unit of Pointe-à-Pitre-Les Abymes, the largest conurbation in Guadeloupe.
Digital broadcasting
Digital broadcasting is the practice of using digital signals rather than analogue signals for broadcasting over radio frequency bands (radio broadcasting). Digital television broadcasting (especially satellite television) is widespread. Digital audio broadcasting is being adopted more slowly for radio broadcasting where it is mainly used in Satellite radio.

Digital links, thanks to the use of data compression, generally have greater spectral efficiency than analog links. Content providers can provide more services or a higher-quality signal than was previously available.

It is estimated that the share of digital broadcasting increased from 7% of the total amount of broadcast information in 2000, to 25% in 2007. Some countries have completed a Digital television transition.

Spectral efficiency
Spectral efficiency (alternatively, spectrum efficiency or bandwidth efficiency) refers to the information rate that can be transmitted over a given bandwidth in a specific communication system. It is a measure of how efficiently a limited frequency spectrum is utilized by the physical layer protocol, and sometimes by the medium access control (the channel access protocol).
Romualds Kalsons
Romualds Kalsons (7 September 1936 – 15 November 2024) was a Latvian composer.  Born in Riga, he was a student of Ādolfs Skulte and Jāzeps Lindbergs. Kalsons taught at the Latvian Academy of Music from 1973 until 2009.  He is known for his opera Pazudušais dēls (The Prodigal Son), after the 1893 play by Rūdolfs Blaumanis, and for his orchestral music. Kalsons died on 15 November 2024, at the age of 88.

Jāzeps Vītols Latvian Academy of Music
Jāzeps Vītols Latvian Academy of Music (Latvian: Jāzepa Vītola Latvijas Mūzikas akadēmija), formerly the Riga Conservatory, is a higher  music conservatory in Riga, Latvia. The junior institute is the Emīls Dārziņš Music School.
Deputy Minister Handicap
The Deputy Minister Handicap was a Grade III American Thoroughbred horse race run annually in early February at Gulfstream Park in Hallandale Beach, Florida. The race was open to horses age four and older and contested on dirt over a distance of six and one-half furlongs.

The race was named in honor of Deputy Minister who raced in Florida and won Gulfstream Park's Donn Handicap.  Deputy Minister was the 1981 American Champion Two-Year-Old Colt and the Canadian Two-Year Old Champion and Canadian Horse of the Year and was the Leading sire in North America in 1997 and 1998 and the Leading broodmare sire in North America in 2007.

Since inception, the event has been contested at different distances:

6 furlongs: 1994–1998

6.5 furlongs : 2000 to present

7 furlongs : 1990–1993, 1998–1999

The race is not on the 2008 list of stakes races at Gulfstream Park.

Leading broodmare sire in North America
The list below shows the leading Thoroughbred sire of broodmares in North America for each year since 1924. This is determined by the amount of prize money won during the year by racehorses which were foaled by a daughter of the sire.  The most frequent sires on the list are Sir Gallahad III (12), Mr. Prospector (9), Princequillo (8), and Star Shoot (5).
Mike Bohn
Michael Robert Bohn (born November 16, 1960) is an American sports administrator. He served as the athletic director for the Idaho Vandals, San Diego State Aztecs, Colorado Buffaloes, Cincinnati Bearcats, and USC Trojans.

Sport management
Sport management, also referred to as sport administration, is the field of business dealing with sports and recreation. Sports management involves any combination of skills that correspond with planning, organizing, directing, controlling, budgeting, leading, or evaluating of any organization or business within the sports field. The field of sport management has its origins in physical education departments. The discipline has evolved to incorporate history and sociology. Development of sport management has also extended to esport management growing to a $4.5 billion dollar industry as of 2018. The opportunities in sport management have expanded to include sports marketing, sports media analytics, sports sponsorships and sports facilities management.
Beatmania (2006 video game)
Beatmania is a music video game and part of the beatmania IIDX series. Designed for the North American market, it was the only beatmania IIDX game released in the region until the arcade release of beatmania IIDX 27 HEROIC VERSE in 2020. It was released by Konami for the PlayStation 2 on March 28, 2006.

Music video game
A music video game, also commonly known as a music game, is a video game where the gameplay is meaningfully and often almost entirely oriented around the player's interactions with a musical score or individual songs. Music video games may take a variety of forms and are often grouped with puzzle games due to their common use of "rhythmically generated puzzles".

Music video games are distinct from purely audio games (e.g. the 1997 Sega Saturn release Real Sound: Kaze no Regret) in that they feature a visual feedback, to lead the player through the game's soundtrack, although eidetic music games can fall under both categories.
56th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 56th Division (第56師団, Dai-gojūroku Shidan) was an infantry division of the Imperial Japanese Army. Its call sign was the Dragon Division (龍兵団, Tatsu Heidan). It was formed on 10 July 1940 in Kurume, simultaneously with the 51st, 52nd, 54th, 55th, and 57th Divisions. The formation nucleus was the headquarters of the 12th Division.  Its manpower came primarily from Fukuoka, Saga and Nagasaki prefectures. The 56th Division was initially assigned to the Kurume Mobilization District, under the command of the Western District Army.

Kurume
Kurume (久留米市, Kurume-shi) is a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 February 2024, the city had an estimated population of 295,367 in 137,140 households, and a  population density of 1309 people per km². The total area of the city is 229.96 km2 (88.79 sq mi).
2022 CAF Women's Champions League CECAFA qualifiers
The 2022 CAF Women's Champions League CECAFA Qualifiers is the 2nd edition of the CAF Women's Champions League CECAFA Qualifiers, a women's club football championship organised by the CECAFA for the women's clubs of association nations. This edition will held from 28 July to 10 August 2022 in Arusha, Tanzania. but it was moved to August 14-27th in Dar es salaam, Tanzania

The winner of the tournament will qualify for the inaugural 2022 CAF Women's Champions League which will held later this year.

CECAFA Women's Champions League
The CAF Women's Champions League CECAFA Qualifiers, sometimes called the CECAFA Women's Champions League is an annual international women's association football club competition. The tournament is organised by the Council for East and Central Africa Football Associations, and will involve the top women's club teams of association members nations. It is the female counterpart of the CAF Champions League.
In the End (Black Veil Brides song)
"In the End" is a song by American rock band Black Veil Brides, from their third studio album, Wretched and Divine: The Story of the Wild Ones. The song was released on October 31, 2012, as the first single from Wretched and Divine, and is Black Veil Brides' sixth single. It was released on the same date as the availability for pre-order purchases for the entire album. The song peaked at number 39 on the Billboard Rock Songs chart and remained on the charts for two weeks. "In the End" was featured as a bonus track on the compilation album Now That's What I Call Music! 45. It was also one of the two themes for the 2012 WWE Hell in a Cell pay-per-view event. The song also appears in the video games Guitar Hero Live and NHL 14. The band received Revolver's 2013 Golden Gods Award for Best New Song for "In the End." The song was written after the death of Black Veil Brides' lead vocalist Andy Biersack's grandfather.

Hell in a Cell (2012)
The 2012 Hell in a Cell was the fourth annual Hell in a Cell professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by WWE. It was held on October 28, 2012, at Philips Arena in Atlanta, Georgia. The event drew a total of 199,000 buys, which is an improvement over 2011 Hell in a Cell, which drew 182,000 buys.

Eight matches were contested at the event, with no matches on the pre-show. In the main event, CM Punk defeated Ryback in a Hell in a Cell match to retain the WWE Championship, ending Ryback's undefeated streak. In other prominent matches, Big Show defeated Sheamus to win the World Heavyweight Championship and Eve Torres defeated Layla and Kaitlyn to retain the WWE Divas Championship.
Attur, Somwarpet
Attur Nallur is a small village in Somwarpet Taluk in Kodagu District of Karnataka State, India. It comes under Attur Nallur Panchayath. It belongs to Mysore Division. It is located 12 km to the east of District headquarters Madikeri. 28 km from Somvarpet and 234 km from state capital Bangalore.

Kedakal (5km), Nanjarayapatna (6km), Valnur Thyagathur (8km), Kadagadalu (8km), Ibnivalvadi (9km) are the nearby villages to Attur Nallur. Attur Nallur is surrounded by Somvarpet Taluk towards North, Piriyapatna Taluk towards East, Virajpet Taluk towards South and Arkalgud Taluk towards north.

Madikeri, Sakleshpur, Mangalore, Mattannur and Taliparamba are the nearby cities to Attur Nallur.

It is located in the Somwarpet taluk of Kodagu district in Karnataka.

Sakleshpur
Sakleshpur, also known as Sakleshpura or Sakaleshapura, is a hill station town and headquarters of Sakleshpur taluk and one of the two Sub-divisional headquarters in Hassan district in the Indian state of Karnataka.
19th Tank Corps
The 19th Perekop Red Banner Tank Corps was a tank corps of the Red Army during World War II.

Formed in December 1942, the corps saw its first action in the Sevsk–Dmitrovsk offensive in spring 1943. That summer it took part in the defensive phase of the Battle of Kursk and Operation Kutuzov.

Operation Kutuzov
Operation Kutuzov was the first of the two counteroffensives launched by the Red Army as part of the Kursk Strategic Offensive Operation. It commenced on 12 July 1943, in the Central Russian Upland,   against Army Group Center of the German Heer. The operation was named after General Mikhail Kutuzov, the Russian general credited with saving Russia from Napoleon during the French invasion of Russia in 1812. Operation Kutuzov was one of two large-scale Soviet operations launched as counteroffensives against Operation Citadel. The Operation began on 12 July and ended on 18 August 1943 with the capture of Orel and collapse of the Orel bulge.
Alessandro Tonelli
Alessandro Tonelli (born 29 May 1992 in Brescia) is an Italian cyclist, who currently rides for UCI ProTeam Team Polti VisitMalta. In May 2018, he was named in the startlist for the 2018 Giro d'Italia.

Team Polti VisitMalta
Team Polti VisitMalta is an Italian-registered, Spanish-based UCI ProTeam cycling team, that was founded in 2018. The team was promoted from the UCI Continental level in 2021.

Based in Pinto, Spain, and sponsored by the Fundación Contador headed by Alberto Contador, it was launched in 2018 as a UCI Continental youth formation supporting the Trek-Segafredo team. In 2021, under the patronage of the new sponsor Eolo SpA, it acquired the UCI ProTeam license, and this season it was invited for the first time to the Giro d'Italia.

The team rides Aurum Magma bikes equipped with full ENVE components and SRAM groupset.
Predicted impact of Brexit
This article outlines the predicted impact of Brexit, the withdrawal of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom).

Experts predicted different effects depending on the negotiated withdrawal agreement and the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement or whether the transition period had ended before an agreement was ratified (a "no-deal" Brexit).

The effects of Brexit can impact entities inside the UK and have an impact on Gibraltar, an impact on the European Union and impact on third world countries. The land border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland is predicted to be affected by Brexit, being addressed with Northern Ireland protocol.

Vienna Convention on Road Traffic
The Convention on Road Traffic, commonly known as the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic, is an international treaty designed to facilitate international road traffic and to increase road safety by establishing standard traffic rules among the contracting parties. The convention was agreed upon at the United Nations Economic and Social Council's Conference on Road Traffic (7 October – 8 November 1968) and concluded in Vienna on 8 November 1968. This conference also produced the Convention on Road Signs and Signals. The convention had amendments on 3 September 1993 and 28 March 2006. There is a European Agreement supplementing the Convention on Road Traffic (1968), which was concluded in Geneva on 1 May 1971.
Office of The Industrial Tribunals and The Fair Employment Tribunal
The Office of the Industrial Tribunals and Fair Employment Tribunal (OITFET) is a Government body in Northern Ireland which is responsible for the facilitation of employment tribunals.
Industrial tribunals are independent judicial bodies in Northern Ireland that hear and determine claims to do with employment matters. These include a range of claims relating to unfair dismissal, breach of contract, wages and other payments as well as discrimination on the grounds of sex, race discrimination, disability discrimination, sexual orientation, age, part-time working and equal pay. The Fair Employment Tribunal is an independent judicial body in Northern Ireland that hears and determines complaints of discrimination on the grounds of religious belief or political opinion.
It is staffed by 59 personnel responsible for the administration and organisation of the tribunals. The staff are provided by the Department for the Economy (DfE) and the team is led by the Secretary of the Tribunals.

Wage
A wage is the price of labor. Examples of wage payments include compensatory payments such as minimum wage, prevailing wage, and yearly bonuses, and remunerative payments such as prizes and tip payouts. Wages are part of the expenses that are involved in running a business. It is an obligation to the employee regardless of the profitability of the company.

Payment by wage contrasts with salaried work, in which the employer pays an arranged amount at steady intervals (such as a week or month) regardless of hours worked, with commission which conditions pay on individual performance, and with compensation based on the performance of the company as a whole. Waged employees may also receive tips or gratuity paid directly by clients and employee benefits which are non-monetary forms of compensation. Since wage labour is the predominant form of work, the term "wage" sometimes refers to all forms (or all monetary forms) of employee compensation.
Yoshihide Yoshida
General Yoshihide Yoshida (吉田 圭秀, Yoshida Yoshihide) (30 October 1962) is a Japanese military general who serves as Chief of Staff, Joint Staff from March 2023 to August 2025. General Yoshida previously served as Chief of the Ground Staff, Japan Ground Self-Defense Force from March 2021 to March 2023, and is the first person to become a General Officer in the JSDF that did not graduate from the National Defense Academy in over 30 years.

Secretary of National Defense (Philippines)
The secretary of national defense (Filipino: Kalihim ng Tanggulang Pambansa) is the head of the Department of National Defense of the Philippines and a member of the president's Cabinet.

The current secretary is former Philippine House representative of the Tarlac's 1st congressional district Gilbert Teodoro. He assumed office on June 5, 2023 and has previously served the same position from August 2007 to November 2009.

Historically this cabinet position has been a stepping stone to the Philippine presidency. Two previous secretaries of national defense were elected president: Ramon Magsaysay and Fidel Ramos. Several others ran for the presidency: Alejo Santos, Juan Ponce Enrile, Renato de Villa, Norberto Gonzales and Gilbert Teodoro.
Otto Ernst Heinrich Klemperer
Otto Ernst Heinrich Klemperer (1899–1987) was a physicist expert in electron optics. He was granted his doctorate by the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin in 1923. His thesis advisor was Hans Geiger. He continued to work with Geiger in the 1930s.

Klemperer was co-inventor in 1928 of the Geiger-Klemperer ball counter, "the first major advance in the design of proportional counters". During the 1930s, he worked at the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge on discrepancies between Fermi's theory of β-decay and the observed radiation properties of rubidium and polonium. He was later an assistant professor and Reader in Physics at Imperial College, London, where he wrote the third edition of his book on electron optics with Mike Barnett.

The conductor Otto Klemperer was his father's cousin.
His uncle was the Romanist Victor Klemperer.

Electron optics
Electron optics is a mathematical framework for the calculation of electron trajectories in the presence of electromagnetic fields. The term optics is used because magnetic and electrostatic lenses act upon a charged particle beam similarly to optical lenses upon a light beam.

Electron optics calculations are crucial for the design of electron microscopes and particle accelerators. In the paraxial approximation, trajectory calculations can be carried out using ray transfer matrix analysis.
Yilan County, Heilongjiang
Yilan County (simplified Chinese: 依兰县; traditional Chinese: 依蘭縣; pinyin: Yīlán Xiàn; IPA: [í.lǎn ɕjɛ̂n]) is a county of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Harbin, the capital of Heilongjiang. It is more than 240 kilometres (150 mi) to the east-northeast of central Harbin. Its county seat, which is also called Yilan (Yilan Town, Yilan zhen), is located near the confluence of the Mudan River (formerly known as the Hurka River) with the Sungari, near the eponymous Yilan crater. The easternmost county-level division of Harbin City, it borders Fangzheng County to the southwest, Tonghe County to the west, as well as the prefecture-level cities of Yichun to the north, Jiamusi to the northeast, Qitaihe to the southeast, and Mudanjiang to the south.

Yilan crater
Yilan crater is an impact crater in China, situated to the northwest of the town of Yilan in Heilongjiang province. Its southern rim has eroded, but its northern rim is visible on the surface as a crescent-shaped ridge. It has a diameter of 1.85 km (1.15 mi) at its maximum extent, with the rim rising 150 m (490 ft) above the crater's basin. Radiocarbon dating shows its age to be only 46,100 to 52,500 years.
Leszek Sułek
Leszek Sułek (born 18 April 1954 in Piotrowice near Zawichost) is a Polish politician. He was elected to the Sejm on 25 September 2005, getting 7590 votes in 33 Kielce district as a candidate from the Samoobrona Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej list.

Zawichost
Zawichost [zaˈvixɔst] ⓘ is a town (ca. 1,800 inhabitants as of 2006) in Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland. It is located by the Vistula River in Lesser Poland, near Sandomierz. It is first mentioned in historical documents from around 1148. In 1205 the Battle of Zawichost was fought nearby. In 1241, 1259 and 1287 the town was ravaged by Mongol raids. Granted town rights before 1255, in the late Middle Ages it was one of the most important urban centers of Lesser Poland.