hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thorniewood
Thorniewood is one of the twenty-one wards used to elect members of the North Lanarkshire Council. It elects three councillors and covers the Viewpark, Tannochside and Birkenshaw areas. Its south-west boundary is the M74 motorway bordering the Bothwell and Uddingston ward of South Lanarkshire (the localities of Thorniewood were often historically considered parts of Uddingston, particularly before the two parts were divided between the districts of Hamilton and Motherwell in 1975).

A 2017 national review caused the territory to be reduced, the east boundary moving westwards from the A725 bypass resulting in the loss of the Fallside neighbourhood and the unpopulated Righead Industrial Estate; however, housebuilding elsewhere meant the decrease in the electorate was minimal. The ward had a population of 13,950 in 2019.

Hamilton (Scottish district)
55°45′N 4°03′W﻿ / ﻿55.75°N 4.05°W﻿ / 55.75; -4.05

Hamilton (Scottish Gaelic: Hamaltan) was a local government district in the Strathclyde region of Scotland from 1975 to 1996, lying to the south-east of the regional capital Glasgow.
2012 Estoril Open
The 2012 Estoril Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 23rd edition of the Estoril Open for the men (the 16th for the women), and was part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2012 ATP World Tour, and of the International-level tournaments of the 2012 WTA Tour. Both the men's and the women's events took place at the Estádio Nacional in Oeiras, Portugal, from 28 April through 6 May 2012.

WTA International tournaments
The WTA International tournaments was a category for tennis tournaments of the Women's Tennis Association from the 2009 WTA Tour until 2020, which replaced the previous Tier III and Tier IV categories. As of 2021, these events have been reclassified as WTA 250 tournaments. The winner of a WTA 250 tournament adds 250 points to her WTA ranking.

For the 2025 season, there were 21 WTA 250, all knock-out tournaments with a prize money for every event at $275,094.
Peter Sotos
Peter Sotos (born April 17, 1960) is an American author and musician. As an author, Sotos has 31 published books with several translated into foreign languages. In his books, Sotos writes about sadistic sexual criminals and sexually violent pornography in great detail, particularly involving children. His books tend to be first-person narratives, taking on the point of view of the sexual predator in order to portray sadistic and pedophilic sexual impulses.

His writings are seen by some as potent social criticism, highlighting the often hypocritical ways in which media deals with these issues. As a musician, Sotos is well known as a former member of the British noise music band Whitehouse. Sotos was arrested in 1985 on child pornography charges due to content that was published within an issue of his zine Pure.

Sexual abuse
Sexual abuse or sex abuse is abusive sexual behavior by one person upon another. It is often perpetrated using physical force, or by taking advantage of another. It often consists of a persistent pattern of sexual assaults. The offender is referred to as a sexual abuser. Live streaming sexual abuse involves trafficking and coerced sexual acts, or rape, in real time on webcam.

Molestation refers to an instance of sexual assault, especially when perpetrated against a child. The perpetrator is called (often pejoratively) a molester. The term also covers behavior by an adult or older adolescent towards a child to sexually stimulate any of the involved. The use of a child for sexual stimulation is referred to as child sexual abuse and, for pubescent or post-pubescent individuals younger than the age of consent, statutory rape.

Sexual abuse can be perpetrated against other vulnerable populations like the elderly, a form of elder abuse, or those with developmental disabilities.
Makarov (Hasidic dynasty)
Makarov  is a Hasidic dynasty founded by the Rebbe Menachem Nochum Twerski of the Chernobyl dynasty. Makarov is the Yiddish name of Makariv, a town in present-day Ukraine. To this day, the Mekarev Shul is used in the old City of Safed for Shabbat Prayers by the Yeshiva Shalom Rav.

Rebbe
A rebbe (Yiddish: רבי, romanized: rebe) or admor (Hebrew: אדמו״ר) is the spiritual leader in the Hasidic movement, and the personalities  of its dynasties. The titles of rebbe and admor, which used to be a general honorific even before the beginning of the movement, became, over time, almost exclusively identified with its Tzadikim.
2008 California Proposition 11
Proposition 11 of 2008 (or the Voters FIRST Act) was a law enacted in the US state of California that placed the power to draw electoral boundaries for State Assembly and State Senate districts in a Citizens Redistricting Commission, as opposed to the State Legislature. To do this the Act amended both the Constitution of California and the Government Code. The law was proposed by means of the initiative process and was put to voters as part of the November 4, 2008 state elections. In 2010, voters passed Proposition 20 which extended the Citizen Redistricting Commission's power to draw electoral boundaries to include U.S. House seats as well.

California Codes
The California Codes are 29 legal codes enacted by the California State Legislature, which, alongside uncodified acts, form the general statutory law of California. The official codes are maintained by the California Office of Legislative Counsel for the legislature.  The Legislative Counsel also publishes the official text of the Codes publicly at leginfo.legislature.ca.gov.
Matt Zimmerman (actor)
Matthew Zimmerman (26 December 1934 – 9 June 2022) was a Canadian actor. He was the voice of Alan Tracy in the 1960s television series Thunderbirds and sequel films Thunderbirds Are Go and Thunderbird 6.

Thunderbirds Are Go (TV series)
Thunderbirds Are Go is an animated science fiction television programme produced by ITV Studios and Pukeko Pictures. It uses a combination of computer-generated animation and live-action models. It is a reboot of the series Thunderbirds created by Gerry and Sylvia Anderson which follows the exploits of International Rescue (IR), a rescue organisation run by the Tracy family out of their secret island base in the Pacific Ocean. They use technologically advanced craft for land, sea, air and space rescues in their operations, the most important of which are a set of vehicles called the Thunderbirds, piloted by the five Tracy brothers.

The programme premiered on 4 April 2015 and concluded on 22 February 2020, running for 78 episodes across three series. It was well-received by critics and fans of the original series, reacting positively to the series. It has spawned several branches of merchandising since its broadcast.
Hans Dragehjelm
Hans Dragehjelm (Nykøbing, 17 February 1875 - Copenhagen, 2 April 1948) was a Danish teacher and child educator.

Dragehjelm is known for introducing the sandpit to Denmark in 1908, specifically on a plot of land in Christianshavn in Copenhagen. He also wrote several books and treatises on children's play in sandboxes, and was an advisor to the Ministry of the Interior on the design of playgrounds.

Dragehjelm worked together with landscape architect Carl Theodor Sørensen, and in 1943 they created the first construction playground, Emdrup Junk Playground.

Nykøbing Falster
Nykøbing Falster (IPA: [ˈnyˌkʰøˀpe̝ŋ ˈfælˀstɐ] ⓘ; originally named Nykøbing) is a city on the island of Falster in southern Denmark. It has a population of 16,682 (1 January 2025). Including the satellite town Sundby on the Lolland side, with a population of 3,246, the total population is 19,928.

Nykøbing Falster is the seat of the Guldborgsund kommune in Region Sjælland. The city lies on Falster, and is connected by the 295-metre-long (323 yd) Frederick IX Bridge over the Guldborgsund (Guldborg Strait) waterway to the island of Lolland.
Mass in C major, K. 337 "Solemnis"
The Missa solemnis in C major by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, K. 337, was written in 1780 for Salzburg. It was Mozart's last complete mass. The mass is scored for soloists, choir, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, strings (without violas) and organ, the latter supplying figured bass for most of the duration.

Köchel catalogue
The Köchel catalogue (German: Köchel-Verzeichnis) is a catalogue of compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, originally created by Ludwig Ritter von Köchel, in which the entries are abbreviated K. or KV. Its numbers reflect the ongoing task of compiling the chronology of Mozart's works, and provide a shorthand reference to the compositions. For example, according to Köchel's counting, Requiem in D minor is the 626th piece Mozart composed, thus is designated K. 626.

Köchel's original catalogue (1862) has been revised several times. Catalogue numbers from these revised editions are indicated either by parentheses or by superscript: K. 49 (47d) or K.6 47d refers to the work numbered 47d in the sixth edition. The catalog was originally chronological, though revisions made chronological ordering of Mozart's works difficult and as of 2024 a new organizational system is used for the ninth version.
Heather M. Anderson
Heather Margot Anderson (born 1956) is an Australian economist, the Maureen Brunt Professor of Economics and Econometrics, emerita, at the Monash University Business School. Her research has concerned applied econometrics, macro-economics, the economic analysis of climate change, and financial econometrics.

Financial econometrics
Financial econometrics  is the application of statistical methods to financial data. Financial econometrics is a branch of financial economics, in the field of economics. Areas of study include capital markets, financial institutions, corporate finance and corporate governance. Topics often revolve around asset valuation of individual stocks, bonds, derivatives, currencies and other financial instruments.

It differs from other forms of econometrics because the emphasis is usually on analyzing the prices of financial assets traded at competitive, liquid markets.

People working in the finance industry or researching the finance sector often use econometric techniques in a range of activities – for example, in support of portfolio management and in the valuation of securities. Financial econometrics is essential for risk management when it is important to know how often 'bad' investment outcomes are expected to occur over future days, weeks, months and years.
Frank Stasio
Frank Stasio is an American talk radio host. He hosted The State of Things on North Carolina Public Radio for many years, retiring at the end of December, 2020. Prior to The State of Things, Stasio worked for National Public Radio on All Things Considered as an associate producer and as a newscaster, and on Talk of the Nation as a guest host, as well as hosting special news coverage. He is still listed as a freelance reporter and substitute host on the NPR website.

Stasio earned his BA in mass communications from State University College at Buffalo and worked in Buffalo and in Iowa before joining NPR.

All Things Considered
All Things Considered (ATC) is the flagship news program produced by National Public Radio (NPR). It was the first news program on NPR, premiering on May 3, 1971. It is broadcast live on NPR affiliated stations in the United States, and worldwide through several different outlets. All Things Considered and Morning Edition were the highest rated public radio programs in the United States in 2002 and 2005. The show combines news, analysis, commentary, interviews, and special features, and its segments vary in length and style. ATC airs weekdays from 4:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. Eastern Time (live) or Pacific Time (recorded with some updates; in Hawaii it airs as a fully recorded program) or from 3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. Central Time. ATC's weekend counterpart airs on Saturdays and Sundays.
Ventnor, Randwick
Ventnor is an historic home in the suburb of Randwick, a suburb of Sydney in New South Wales, Australia. It was built as the home of George Kiss, one of the earliest politicians in Sydney. It is listed on the local heritage register and is listed on the (now defunct) Register of the National Estate.

Register of the National Estate
The Register of the National Estate was a heritage register that listed natural and cultural heritage places in Australia. Phasing out of the register began in 2003, when the Australian National Heritage List and the Commonwealth Heritage List were created and by 2007 the Register had been replaced by these and various state and territory heritage registers. Places listed on the Register remain in a non-statutory archive and are still able to be viewed via the National Heritage Database.
Non-structured programming
Non-structured programming (a.k.a. unstructured programming) is the programming paradigm that describes the state-of-the-art of programming before the structured programming paradigm was envisioned and involves the use of the goto statement for control flow such as selection (i.e. if/then/else) and iteration (i.e. while and for).

In general, the use of goto, particularly for selection and iteration, is criticized for producing unreadable, spaghetti code in the 1968 open letter Go To Statement Considered Harmful by Dutch computer scientist Edsger W. Dijkstra, who coined the term structured programming.

Any programming language that provides goto can be used to write unstructured code. Notable languages that rely primarily if not exclusively on goto for control flow include JOSS, FOCAL, TELCOMP, any assembly language, batch file, and early versions of BASIC, Fortran, COBOL, and MUMPS.

State of the art
The state of the art (SOTA or SotA, sometimes cutting edge, leading edge, or bleeding edge) refers to the highest level of general development, as of a device, technique, or scientific field achieved at a particular time. However, in some contexts it can also refer to a level of development reached at any particular time as a result of the common methodologies employed at the time.

The term has been used since 1910, and has become both a common term in advertising and marketing, and a legally significant phrase with respect to both patent law and tort liability.

In advertising, the phrase is often used to convey that a product is made with the best or latest available technology, but it has been noted that "the term 'state of the art' requires little proof on the part of advertisers", as it is considered mere puffery. The use of the term in patent law "does not connote even superiority, let alone the superlative quality the ad writers would have us ascribe to the term".
Torgau (wargame)
Torgau is a board wargame published by Game Designers' Workshop (GDW)  in 1974 that simulates the Battle of Torgau between Prussias and Austrians in 1760 during the Seven Years' War, a costly battle for both sides. Reviews were generally favorable, although gameplay was characterized as very long (10–12 hours), complex, and more similar to traditional miniatures wargaming than board wargames.

Battle of Torgau
In the Battle of Torgau on 3 November 1760, King Frederick the Great's Prussian army fought an Austrian army under the command of Field Marshal Leopold Josef Graf Daun. The Prussians won a costly victory in one of the bloodiest battles of the Third Silesian War (part of the Seven Years' War).
Pavlovsky (surname)
Pavlovsky (Павловский, also spelled as Pavlovskiy) is a Russian-language surname. The Ukrainian-language variant is Павловський, Pavlovskiy. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksandr Pavlovsky (1936–1977), Soviet Olympic fencer

Andrew Pavlovsky, Russian artist

Yevgeny Pavlovsky (1884–1965), Soviet zoologist

Gleb Pavlovsky, Russian political scientist

Isaac Yakovlevich Pavlovsky (1853–1924), Russian revolutionary

Mykhailo Pavlovskiy (1942–2004), Ukrainian scientist and politician

Volodymyr Pavlovskiy, Ukrainian rower

Gleb Pavlovsky
Gleb Olegovich Pavlovsky (Russian: Глеб Олегович Павловский; 5 March 1951 – 27 February 2023) was a Russian political scientist who also described himself as a "political technologist". During the Soviet era, he was prosecuted as a dissident. From 1996 to 2011, he was a political adviser to Vladimir Putin. After that, he became a critic of the Russian government.

Pavlovsky was president of the Foundation for Effective Politics (FEP). In 1997, he helped create "Russian Journal", one of Russia's oldest websites. Pavlovsky and FEP organized and financed many early websites on the Runet, including Lenta.ru. From 2005 to 2008, Pavlovsky hosted the weekly television news commentary "Real Politics", which was shown on NTV Russia at 10:00 p.m. on Saturdays. In 2012, he became editor-in-chief of the Russian-language blog Gefter.ru.
Queirolo
Queirolo is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Elisa Queirolo (born 1991), Italian water polo player

Fabio Queirolo (1861-1901), Paraguayan journalist and diplomat

Francesco Queirolo (1704–1762), Italian Genoese-born sculptor

José Martínez Queirolo (1931–2008), Ecuadorian playwright and narrator

Santiago Queirolo, Peruvian pisco producer

José Martínez Queirolo
José Martínez Queirolo (March 22, 1931 – October 8, 2008) was an Ecuadorian playwright and narrator. He was the 2001 recipient of the Premio Eugenio Espejo in Literature, awarded to him by President Gustavo Noboa.

Martínez Queirolo, known by friends as "Pipo", was born and died in the city of Guayaquil, of cancer on October 8, 2008.
Whitefish River (Night Hawk Lake)
The Whitefish River is a river in the James Bay and Moose River drainage basins in Cochrane and Timiskaming Districts in northeastern Ontario, Canada. It flows 75 kilometres (47 mi) from Mount Sinclair Lake to its mouth at Night Hawk Lake, the source of the Frederick House River, a tributary of the Abitibi River.

James Bay
James Bay (French: Baie James, pronounced [bɛ dʒɛmz]; Cree: ᐐᓂᐯᒄ, romanized: Wînipekw, lit. 'dirty water') is a body of water located on the southern end of Hudson Bay in Canada. It borders the provinces of Quebec and Ontario, and is politically part of Nunavut. Its largest island is Akimiski Island.

Numerous waterways of the James Bay watershed have been modified with dams or diversion for several major hydroelectric projects. These waterways are also destinations for river-based recreation. Several communities are located near or alongside James Bay, including a number of Aboriginal Canadian communities, such as the Kashechewan First Nation and nine communities affiliated with the Cree of northern Quebec.

As with the rest of Hudson Bay, the waters of James Bay routinely freeze over in winter. It is the last part of Hudson Bay to freeze over in winter, and the first to thaw in summer.
Lomatium nudicaule
Lomatium nudicaule is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by the common names barestem biscuitroot, pestle lomatium,: 110  desert parsley, Indian celery, and Indian consumption plant. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to California to Utah, where it is known from several habitat types, including forest and woodland. It is a perennial herb growing up to about 20–45 centimetres (7.9–18 in) tall from a thick taproot. It generally lacks a stem, the inflorescence and leaves emerging from ground level. Each leaflet is 2 to 5 cm (0.8 to 2 in) long and ovoid to orbicular in outline with coarse teeth near the tip. The inflorescence is borne on a stout, leafless peduncle widening at the top where it blooms in an umbel of yellow flowers.

Taproot
A taproot is a large, central, and dominant root from which other roots sprout laterally and horizontally. Typically, a taproot is somewhat straight and very thick, is tapering in shape, and grows directly downward. In some plants, such as the carrot, the taproot is a storage organ so well developed that it has been cultivated as a vegetable.

The taproot system contrasts with the adventitious- or fibrous-root system of plants with many branched roots, but many plants that grow a taproot during germination go on to develop branching root structures, although some that rely on the main root for storage may retain the dominant taproot for centuries—for example, Welwitschia.
2020 American League Championship Series
The 2020 American League Championship Series was a best-of-seven series in Major League Baseball's 2020 postseason between the two American League Division Series winners, the defending American League Champion and sixth-seeded Houston Astros and the top-seeded Tampa Bay Rays, for the American League (AL) pennant and the right to play in the 2020 World Series. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, all games for the series were held behind closed doors at a neutral site at Petco Park in San Diego. The games were televised nationally by TBS.

The Rays won the series and their second American League pennant after defeating the Astros, 4–3. In this series, the Astros became just the second team to force a Game 7 in MLB postseason history after trailing a best-of-seven series 3–0, after the 2004 Red Sox.

The Rays would go on to lose to the Los Angeles Dodgers in the World Series in six games.

Behind closed doors (sport)
The term "behind closed doors" is used in several sports to describe matches played where spectators are not allowed in the stadium or venue to watch. A match played in this manner is also referred to as a crowdless game. Because ticket sales generally constitute a substantial proportion of total revenues in most professional sports as well as in certain elite competitions of many amateur sports, it is rare for such games to be off limits to paying members of the general public. When such instances do occur, it is usually for reasons outside the participating teams' control. These may include as a punishment or remedy for a participating team, stadium safety problems, preventing potentially dangerous clashes between rival supporters, wider safety concerns like a riot or other civil disturbances, or public health concerns like the COVID-19 pandemic.
Asllan Rusi
Asllan Rusi (4 October 1944 – 1983) was an Albanian volleyball player who played for Dinamo Tirana and the Albania men's national team. He is memorialized in the naming of the Asllan Rusi Sports Palace, Albania's main indoor sporting arena. He was a 12 time national champion and a 7 time cup winner in Albania and he earned 40 international caps with Albania.

FC Dinamo City
Football Club Dinamo City, commonly referred to as Dinamo City and colloquially known as Dinamo, is an Albanian professional football club based in Tirana. They compete in the Kategoria Superiore, the top tier of Albanian football. Founded in 1950, the club was historically affiliated to the Interior Ministry and having won 18 National Championships, it is considered to be the second most decorated club after local rivals KF Tirana.
Bellos
Bellos is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alex Bellos (born 1969), British author of books on mathematics and football

Andre Bellos (born 1987), American actor, singer, and dancer

David Bellos (1945–2025), British academic, translator and biographer, father of Alex Bellos

Linda Bellos (born 1950), British activist and London politician

David Bellos
David Michael Bellos (25 June 1945 – 26 October 2025) was a British academic, translator and biographer. He was the Meredith Howland Pyne professor of French and comparative literature at Princeton University in the United States, and was the co-founder and first director, from 2007, of its translation and intercultural communication program.