hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Denis Pelli
Denis Pelli (born 1954) is a professor of psychology and neural science at New York University studying object recognition and reading.  Pelli studied applied math at Harvard, and completed his PhD in physiology at Cambridge with Campbell and Robson in 1981. Since 1995, he is  Professor of Psychology and Neural Science at New York University. Pelli is known for his contributions to the fields of visual sensitivity, letter identification, object recognition, the Psychtoolbox, equivalent input noise, QUEST, the Pelli–Zhang video attenuator, and the Pelli–Robson Contrast Sensitivity Chart, which allows for clinical measurement of contrast sensitivity. Current research in Pelli's lab covers object recognition and visual crowding, as well as the experience of beauty. Pelli serves as an associate editor for the Journal of Vision, and has published over 50 publications.

Psychtoolbox for MATLAB
Psychophysics Toolbox Version 3 (PTB-3) is a collection of free functions for MATLAB or GNU Octave intended for use by neuroscience and vision researchers. It synthesizes and shows accurately controlled visual and auditory stimuli and interacts with the observer. It has at least twelve thousand active users, an active forum, and many citations. PTB-3 is based on the Psychophysics Toolbox Version 2 (PTB-2) but its MATLAB extensions (in C) were rewritten to be more modular and use OpenGL. Psychtoolbox is offered alongside many alternative toolboxes for programming Psychophysics and Psychology experiments, such as PsychoPy for Python or jsPsych for JavaScript.

Psychophysics Toolbox Version 3 is free software. Most of it is released under the MIT License, but parts of it are licensed under other open source and free software licenses.
Halolactibacillus alkaliphilus
Halolactibacillus alkaliphilus is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, moderately alkaliphilic, halophilic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Halolactibacillus which has been isolated from sediments from the Xiarinaoer soda lake from the Mongolia.

Alkaliphile
Alkaliphiles are a class of extremophilic microbes capable of survival in alkaline (pH roughly 8.5–11) environments, growing optimally around a pH of 10. These bacteria can be further categorized as obligate alkaliphiles (those that require high pH to survive), facultative alkaliphiles (those able to survive in high pH, but also grow under normal conditions) and haloalkaliphiles (those that require high salt content to survive).
RAAD (anti-tank guided missile)
The Raad (Persian: رعد, 'thunder') or RAAD is an Iranian wire-guided anti-tank guided missile based on the Soviet 9M14M Malyutka (AT-3b Sagger) missile. The Raad began mass production in 1988 and was publicly unveiled in 1997. It is manufactured by Parchin Missile Industries, a subsidiary of Iran's Defense Industries Organization.

The Raad family comes in four variants: the base RAAD missile, a clone of the 9M14M Malyutka-M (AT-3b Sagger); the I-RAAD, with SACLOS guidance, the RAAD-T, with a tandem warhead, and the I-RAAD-T, with both a tandem warhead and SACLOS guidance.

RAAD means thunder in Persian. It is not an acronym and many sources do not capitalize the name.

Wire-guided missile
A wire-guided missile is a missile that is guided by signals sent to it via thin wires connected between the missile and its launch platform using command guidance. As the missile flies, the wires are reeled out behind it. This guidance system is most commonly used in anti-tank missiles, where its ability to be used in areas of limited line-of-sight make it useful, while the range limit imposed by the length of the wire is not a serious concern.

The longest range wire-guided missiles in current use are limited to about 8 km (5.0 mi).
Castlefield Bowl
The Castlefield Bowl (originally the Castlefield Events Arena and formerly the Castlefield Arena) is an outdoor events pavilion in the inner city conservation area of Castlefield in Manchester, England. Reinvigorated in 1993, the lead architect was DEGW Architects. The tensile roof structure was designed by Rudi Enos, and is a semi-cantilever framework incorporating lighting and sound. The arena is often used for food festivals and music events.

The Stone Roses' frontman Ian Brown headlined New Year's Eve 1999, which was the first show at the pavilion.

The arena has played host to New Order, The Last Shadow Puppets, Bloc Party, The Strypes, Catfish and the Bottlemen, Noel Gallagher and The Courteeners.

In 2010, the arena was used as a Hyundai Fan Park showing all football matches from the 2010 FIFA World Cup.

Hyundai Group
Hyundai Group (Korean: 현대그룹; Korean pronunciation: [ˈçəːndɛ]) is a South Korean conglomerate founded by Chung Ju-yung. The group was founded in 1947 as a construction company. With government assistance, Chung and his family members rapidly expanded into various industries, eventually becoming South Korea's second chaebol.  Chung Ju-yung was directly in control of the company until his death in 2001.

The company spun off many of its better known businesses after the 1997 Asian financial crisis and founder Chung Ju-yung's death, including Hyundai Motor Group,  Hyundai Department Store Group, and Hyundai Heavy Industries Group. The Hyundai Group is now primarily focused on logistics and services.
Avidity
In biochemistry, avidity refers to the accumulated strength of multiple affinities of individual non-covalent binding interactions, such as between a protein receptor and its ligand, and is commonly referred to as functional affinity. Avidity differs  from affinity, which describes the strength of a single interaction. However, because individual binding events increase the likelihood of occurrence of other interactions (i.e., increase the local concentration of each binding partner in proximity to the binding site), avidity should not be thought of as the mere sum of its constituent affinities but as the combined effect of all affinities participating in the biomolecular interaction. A particular important aspect relates to the phenomenon of 'avidity entropy'. Biomolecules often form heterogenous complexes or homogeneous oligomers and multimers or polymers. If clustered proteins form an organized matrix, such as the clathrin-coat, the interaction is described as a matricity.

Chemical affinity
In chemical physics and physical chemistry, chemical affinity is the electronic property by which dissimilar chemical species are capable of forming chemical compounds.  Chemical affinity can also refer to the tendency of an atom or compound to combine by chemical reaction with atoms or compounds of unlike composition.
Laure Pequegnot
Laure Pequegnot (born 30 September 1975) is a French former Alpine skier.

She was born in Échirolles, Isère. She won a total of 3 Alpine skiing World Cup races, all in the slalom discipline.  She became world junior champion in slalom, in 1994.  She won World Cup discipline title, in slalom, in 2002.  She competed at three Winter Olympics, winning a silver medal in the Slalom event at the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics.

FIS Alpine Ski World Cup
The FIS Alpine Ski World Cup is the top international circuit of alpine skiing competitions, launched in 1966 by a group of ski racing friends and experts that included French journalist Serge Lang and the alpine ski team directors from France (Honore Bonnet) and the USA (Bob Beattie). It was soon backed by International Ski Federation president Marc Hodler during the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1966 at Portillo, Chile, and became an official FIS event in the spring of 1967 after the FIS Congress at Beirut, Lebanon.

The inaugural World Cup race was held on 5 January 1967 in Berchtesgaden, West Germany, a slalom won by Heinrich Messner of Austria. Jean-Claude Killy of France and Nancy Greene of Canada were the overall winners for the first two seasons.
Work Songs of the U.S.A.
Work Songs of the U.S.A. (or Work Songs of the U.S.A. Sung by Lead Belly) is an album by Lead Belly, recorded in 1942 and released a few months later by Asch Recordings.

At this point in Lead Belly's career he had split with John Lomax and was mainly recording with Moe Asch. In January 1942, Lead Belly recorded six tracks for Asch, all of which made it on to the album. Work Songs of the U.S.A. was released a three-disc collection of 78 rpm records in the spring of 1942. Although the sales of this album were disappointing (only resulting in 304 copies sold by March 1943), some of Lead Belly's best remembered songs debuted here, such as "Take This Hammer" and "Rock Island Line." A contemporary review in Jazz magazine was highly favorable, calling the record "superbly done."

Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad
The original Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad (CRI&P RW, sometimes called Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway) (reporting marks CRI&P, RI, ROCK) was an American Class I railroad. It was also known as the Rock Island Line, or, in its final years, The Rock.

At the end of 1970, it operated 7,183 miles of road on 10,669 miles of track; that year it reported 20,557 million ton-miles of revenue freight and 118 million passenger miles. (Those totals may or may not include the former Burlington-Rock Island Railroad.)

"Rock Island Line", a folk song from the late 1920s, first recorded in 1934, was inspired by the railway.
Al Shaer
Al Shaer, Al Shair, El Shaer, Shaer, Shair, etc. is an Arabic surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Diana Al Shaer

Hind al Shaer

Jamal Al Shaer

Kamal Al-Shair

Khaled Al Shaer

Mohamed El Shaer

Najami Ghani Shaer

Nasser al-Shaer

Kamal Al-Shair
Kamal Al-Shair (19 May 1930 – 22 August 2008) was a Jordanian politician and engineer. He was born in As-Salt west of Amman the capital of Jordan. He established the Dar Al-Handasah company in Beirut in 1956 and it is one of the largest Arab engineering consultancy firms. It has over 45 offices in the Africa, Europe, Asia and North America.
Longoni (company)
Longoni SRL is one of the most prominent European manufacturers of cue sticks. The company, founded by Alessandro Longoni in 1945, is based in Mariano Comense, Italy.  Longoni makes cues customized for various carom billiards disciplines, including three-cushion, five-pin, and artistic billiards, as well as pool and Russian pyramid cues more recently.

Over the years, several professional players, including Dick Jaspers and Niels Feijen, have helped design and develop new lines of Longoni carom and pool cues, respectively.  As of 2014, Niels Feijen is still under contract with Longoni.

A hallmark of Longoni cues is their often unusual butt designs, including octagonal cuts, sewn-in leather strips, and intricate inlay ornaments. Longoni's two top lines of pool cues, the Classica and Silver series, range from approximately US$1,500 to $6,000.

Longoni supports no-ivory cue production by exclusively using ferrules made of phenolic resin.

Russian pyramid
Russian pyramid, also known as Russian billiards (Russian: ру́сский билья́рд, russky bilyard), is a form of billiards played on a large billiard table with narrow pockets. It is played across Russia and several former Soviet/Eastern Bloc countries. In the West, the game is known as pyramid billiards, or simply pyramid.
Platinum black
Platinum black (Pt black) is a fine powder of platinum with good catalytic properties. The name of platinum black is due to its black color. It is used in many ways; as a thin film electrode, a fuel cell membrane catalyst, or as a catalytic ignition of flammable gases for "self-lighting" gas lamps, ovens, and stove burners.

Aqua regia
Aqua regia (/ˈreɪɡiə, ˈriːdʒiə/; from Latin, "regal water" or "royal water") is a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, optimally in a molar ratio of 1:3. Aqua regia is a fuming liquid. Freshly prepared aqua regia is colorless, but it turns yellow, orange, or red within seconds from the formation of nitrosyl chloride and nitrogen dioxide. It was so named by alchemists because it can dissolve noble metals, such as gold and platinum, while leaving many other metals unaffected. It has been used to process or conceal gold into the modern era.
Gusheshe
"Gusheshe" is a song by South African hip hop recording artist Cassper Nyovest, released as the first single from his debut studio album Tsholofelo. It was released on 19 April 2013 and features a guest verse from Okmalumkoolkat. The song was written by Nyovest and Okmalumkoolkat. It was produced by Ganja Beatz with co-production from Nyovest.

The artwork, released on April 17, 2013, features a pink 1983 BMW 325i coupé, known commonly as a "gusheshe" in South Africa. Upon its debut, the song received high rotation on radio stations including YFM and 5FM.

Due to its positive reception, Nyovest won 4 awards for the song at the 2nd Annual South African Hip Hop Awards. It was also licensed for a Sprite commercial in the United States.

5FM
5FM is a South African FM radio station forming part of the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC), South Africa's public broadcaster. 5FM follows a Top 40 music format aimed at a youth market, together with news and sports coverage.

Originally named Radio 5, the station was re-branded as "5FM" in 1992, and has as its current logo a red "5" and superscripted "FM" within a circle and the words "The Power of" inscribed along the upper periphery of the circle.

The station is currently managed by Masixole Mdingane, Business Unit Manager of the PCS Combo (Good Hope FM & 5FM).
St Joseph's Roman Catholic Middle School
St Joseph's Roman Catholic Middle School is one of the two middle schools in Hexham, Northumberland, England, the other being Hexham Middle School. The school is closely associated with St Mary's First School, a first school which is also a Roman Catholic school, and with the local Catholic church, St Mary's

The school, like the high school which its children progress to at the age of 13, and is attended by approximately 330 pupils.

Previously a voluntary aided school and specialist arts college administered by Northumberland County Council, in December 2020 St Joseph's Roman Catholic Middle School converted to academy status. The school is now sponsored by the Bishop Wilkinson Catholic Education Trust.

Northumberland County Council
Northumberland County Council is the local authority for the non-metropolitan county of Northumberland in North East England. Since 2009 it has been a unitary authority, having also taken over district-level functions when the county's districts were abolished.

The council has been under no overall control since 2021, being led by a Conservative minority administration. It is based at County Hall, Morpeth. Since 2024 the council has been a member of the North East Mayoral Combined Authority.
Deb Patterson (politician)
Deb Patterson is an American politician, retired healthcare administrator, and ordained minister serving as a member of the Oregon State Senate from the 10th district, which includes South and West Salem, Monmouth, Independence, and parts of unincorporated Four Corners. A member of the Democratic Party, Patterson took office on January 10, 2021 and re-elected in 2022.

Monmouth, Oregon
Monmouth (/ˈmɒnməθ/) is a city of Polk County in the U.S. state of Oregon. It was named after Monmouth, Illinois, the origin of its earliest settlers. The population is 11,110 as of the 2020 Census; and Monmouth is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city is home to Western Oregon University. The city’s first public library, Monmouth Public Library, opened in 1934.
Mirage (2018 film)
Mirage (Spanish: Durante la tormenta) is a 2018 Spanish mystery-drama film co-written and directed by Oriol Paulo. It stars Adriana Ugarte, Chino Darín, alongside Álvaro Morte, Javier Gutiérrez and Nora Navas.

Chino Darín
Ricardo Mario Darín (born 14 January 1989), known professionally as Chino Darín, is an Argentine actor and film producer.

He has had  prominent film roles in Death in Buenos Aires (2014), The Queen of Spain (2016) and A Twelve-Year Night (2018). In 2018, he was nominated for the Best Actor award by the Argentine Academy of Cinematography Arts and Sciences, for his role in the true crime film, El Angel.

He is also known for his television roles in Argentina and Spain. He received a Martín Fierro Awards nomination for Best Actor in a miniseries for his role in 
Historia de un clan (2015). He also appeared in Farsantes (2013-14), La embajada (2016) and El Reino (2021-23). He currently stars in Iron Reign (2024).
Son of Spergy
Son of Spergy is the fourth studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Daniel Caesar. It was released through Republic Records on October 24, 2025. His reconciliation inspired the album with his parents; "Spergy" is his father's nickname. The album talks about masculinity, faith, and the sense of self-importance. At the Juno Awards of 2026 the album was nominated for Contemporary R&B/Soul Recording of the Year.

The album charted in several international charts, debuting on the top ten of the Billboard Canadian Albums and US Billboard 200, becoming his highest debut on the letter. The album also topped the US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. Four singles supported the album: "Have a Baby (With Me)", "Call on Me", "Moon" featuring Bon Iver, and "Who Knows".

Juno Award for Contemporary R&B/Soul Recording of the Year
The Juno Award for Contemporary R&B/Soul Recording of the Year is an annual Canadian music award, presented as part of the Juno Awards to honour the year's best Canadian recordings in contemporary rhythm and blues and soul music. The award was presented for the first time at the Juno Awards of 2021, after the splitting of the former R&B/Soul Recording of the Year into new categories for contemporary and traditional music.
Algerine Swamp Natural Area
Algerine Swamp Natural Area is an 84-acre (34 ha) protected area in Lycoming and Tioga Counties, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of Tiadaghton State Forest, and has also been named a National Natural Landmark.

The Natural Area features black spruce and balsam fir trees, both of which are rare in Pennsylvania, and is centered on a glacial bog. The area includes other tree species that are more common to the north in Canada, as well as a population of pitcher plants. The area can be reached via the nearby Long Branch Trail, a short distance north of a junction with the long-distance Black Forest Trail.

Tioga County, Pennsylvania
Tioga County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 41,045. Its county seat is Wellsboro. The county was created on March 26, 1804, from part of Lycoming County and later organized in 1812. It is named for the Tioga River. The county is part of the North Central Pennsylvania region of the state.
Mathare
Mathare is a collection of slums in Nairobi with a population of approximately 500,000 people; the population of Mathare Valley alone, the oldest of the slums that make up Mathare, is 180,000 people. Mathare is the home of football teams Mathare United and Real Mathare of the MYSA. Mathare is currently part of two electoral constituencies; the titular Mathare Constituency and the northern part being in Ruaraka Constituency. The northern part was initially part of Kasarani Constituency up to the 2013 elections when Kasarani was split into three electoral constituencies; Ruaraka being among them. The southern part was domiciled in Starehe Constituency.

African Books Collective
The African Books Collective (ABC) is a non-profit distribution and marketing collective owned by African publishers. Founded in 1989 and based in Oxford, United Kingdom, it enables publishers from across the African continent to reach international markets with their scholarly, literary, and children's books. Different from books by foreign authors, indigenous publishing reflects the history and culture of a people through language, writing, and the arts.

In the 21st century, more than 150 African publishers participate in ABC as a self-sufficient social enterprise to solve the problem of invisibility and dependence on outside distributors. Among ABC's major goals are support for African writers and scholars who are publishing with indigenous African publishers and by this, to give African publishing a noticeable, independent presence in the global book world.
Griffin Curteys
Griffin (Griffith) Curteys or Curtis (by 1521 – 30 November 1587), of Bradenstoke, Wiltshire, was an English estate steward, notably to Sir Henry Long, and member of parliament.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Calne in 1547, Westbury in October 1553, April 1554 and November 1554, Malmesbury in 1558 and Ludgershall in 1563.

Westbury (UK Parliament constituency)
Westbury was a parliamentary constituency in Wiltshire from 1449 to 2010. It was represented in the House of Commons of England until 1707, and then in the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, and finally in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 until 2010.

Until 1885, it was a parliamentary borough, returning two Members of Parliament (MPs) until 1832 and only one from 1832 to 1885. The parliamentary borough was abolished in 1885, when the name was transferred to a county constituency returning one MP.  Elections used the bloc vote system when two MPs were returned, and the first-past-the-post system of election when one seat was contested.

Westbury returned a Conservative Member at every election after 1924.
Clibanarius fonticola
Clibanarius fonticola is a species of hermit crab from Vanuatu. It lives exclusively in fresh water, the only hermit crab in the world to do so. While a number of other hermit crabs are terrestrial or live in estuarine habitats, and certain brackish water species can tolerate low salinity levels for a time, no other hermit crab spends its entire life in fresh water; the only other fully freshwater anomurans are the South American aeglids.

Clibanarius fonticola lives on the island of Espiritu Santo, in a pool fed by springs near the village of Matevulu, close to an abandoned airstrip. Adults of this species all use shells of Clithon corona.

Salinity
Salinity (/səˈlɪnɪti/) is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity). It is usually measured in g/L or g/kg (grams of salt per liter/kilogram of water; the latter is dimensionless and equal to ‰).

Salinity is an important factor in determining many aspects of the chemistry of natural waters and of biological processes within it, and is a thermodynamic state variable that, along with temperature and pressure, governs physical characteristics like the density and heat capacity of the water. These in turn are important for understanding ocean currents and heat exchange with the atmosphere.

A contour line of constant salinity is called an isohaline, or sometimes isohale.
Amy Millan
Amy Millan is a Canadian indie rock singer and guitarist. She records and performs with the bands Stars and Broken Social Scene as well as having a successful solo career. Her second solo album, Masters of the Burial, was released by Arts & Crafts Productions in September 2009.

Arts & Crafts Productions
Arts & Crafts Productions is a Canadian music-focused media and artist services company that offers services as an independent record label, management firm, merchandiser, and publisher worldwide. It has earned 21 Juno Awards. Arts & Crafts has been called one of Canada's most important record labels.