hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Giuseppe Musso
Giuseppe Domenico Musso (1878-1940?) was an Italian Lawyer who operated in Beijing and Shanghai between the late 19th and the early 20th century and a confidant of Benito Mussolini. Musso, then working for the Shanghai Opium Combine, and his secretary Alba Corelli, were held hostage as a part of the Lincheng Outrage. After he escaped unharmed from the incident, Musso stopped practicing law and returned to Italy, where he began writing a book titled La Cina ed i Cinesi that described his life as a lawyer and businessman in China.

Musso was born in 1878 to an Italian Consul in Hong Kong. He lived in China for a total of thirty-five years, taking roles at the Chinese Imperial Court in Beijing and the Mixed Court in Shanghai. He was briefly the Chief Attorney of the Shanghai French Concession where he worked with the Green Gang to crack down on banditry. In addition to his work as a lawyer, Musso was a railroad investor and collected photographs.

Green Gang
The Green Gang (Chinese: 青幫; pinyin: Qīng Bāng) was a Chinese secret society and criminal triad organization, which was prominent in criminal, social and political activity in Shanghai during the early to mid 20th century.
Liskeard Rural District
50°25′37″N 4°27′11″W﻿ / ﻿50.427°N 4.453°W﻿ / 50.427; -4.453
Liskeard Rural District was a local government division of Cornwall in England, UK, between 1894 and 1974. Established under the Local Government Act 1894, the rural district was enlarged in 1934 by the abolition of Bodmin Rural District, as well as undergoing a few boundary changes with other adjacent districts.

In 1974 the district was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972, forming part of the new Caradon district.

Rural district
A rural district was a type of local government area – now superseded – established at the end of the 19th century in England, Wales, and Ireland for the administration of predominantly rural areas at a level lower than that of the administrative counties.
Favoriten
Favoriten (German pronunciation: [fafoˈʁiːtn̩] ⓘ; Viennese: Favoritn), the 10th district of Vienna, Austria (German: 10. Bezirk, Favoriten), is located south of the central districts. It is south of Innere Stadt, Wieden and Margareten. Favoriten is a heavily populated urban area with many residential buildings, but also large recreational areas and parks.

The name comes from Favorita, a semi-baroque palace complex that once served as a hunting castle but today is the Theresianum a Gymnasium (middle and high school) in the 4th district (Wieden). The customs facilities at the original southern border of Vienna were known as the Favoriten-Linie (Favoriten Line) while nearby houses were known as the Siedlung vor der Favoriten-Linie (Settlement in front of the Favoriten Line).

Theresianum
Theresianum (or Theresian Academy; German: Theresianische Akademie) is a private boarding and day school governed by the laws for public schools in Vienna, Austria. It was founded in 1746 by Empress Maria Theresa of Austria.
Lawson Creighton
Lawson Creighton (born 21 July 1998 in Australia) is an Australian rugby union player who plays for the Waratahs in Super Rugby. His playing position is fly-half, but he can also play centre, wing and fullback. He was named in the Reds squad for the 2021 Super Rugby AU season. He previously represented the Brisbane City in the 2018 and 2019 National Rugby Championship.

2018 National Rugby Championship
The 2018 National Rugby Championship was the fifth season of the top flight of Australian domestic rugby union. The competition began on 1 September and concluded on 27 October. Matches were broadcast on Fox Sports and the championship featured eight professional teams, seven from Australia and one from Fiji.

The Fijian Drua won their first NRC title, defeating reigning champion side Queensland Country by 36–26 in the grand final held at Churchill Park in Lautoka. The Drua secured home ground advantage in the final by winning the minor premiership for the regular season and then beating Canberra Vikings in their semifinal. Queensland Country defeated the Western Force in the other semifinal to progress to the grand final. Fijian Drua also finished the season as winners of the Horan-Little Shield for 2018.
Van Ophuijsen Spelling System
The Van Ophuijsen Spelling System (Indonesian: Ejaan Van Ophuijsen, EVO) was the Romanized standard orthography for the Malay dialects across the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia)  that would form the basis for the Indonesian language, from 1901 to 1947. Before the Van Ophuijsen Spelling System was in force, these variants of Malay in the Dutch East Indies did not have a standardized spelling, or was written in the Jawi script. In 1947, the Van Ophuijsen Spelling System was replaced by the Republican Spelling System.

Malayic languages
The Malayic languages are a branch of the Malayo-Polynesian subgroup of the Austronesian language family. The most prominent member is Malay, a pluricentric language given national status in Brunei and Singapore while also providing the basis for national standards Malaysian in Malaysia and Indonesian in Indonesia. The Malayic branch also includes local languages spoken by ethnic Malays (e.g. Jambi Malay, Kedah Malay), further several languages spoken by various other ethnic groups of Sumatra, Indonesia (e.g. Minangkabau) and Borneo (e.g. Banjarese, Iban) even as far as Urak Lawoi in the southwestern coast of Thailand.

The most probable candidate for the urheimat of the Malayic languages is western Borneo prior to spread in Sumatra.
Danny Cox (cricketer)
Dannyjo Cox (born 30 July 1992) is an English cricketer. Cox is a right-handed batsman who fields occasionally as a wicket-keeper.  He was born in Wolverhampton, Staffordshire.

While studying for his degree in Mathematics and Sport Science at Loughborough University, Cox made his first-class debut for Loughborough MCCU against Northamptonshire in 2011.  He made a further first-class appearance in 2011, against Leicestershire. His two first-class appearances have so far seen him score 32 runs at an average of 8.00, with a high score of 18.

He is now club captain at Old Hill Cricket Club in the Birmingham and District Premier League. He has also represented Herefordshire County Cricket Club averaging 39.92 with the bat in all competitions over 3 seasons (2011–2014).

Loughborough MCC University
Loughborough MCC University (previously known as Loughborough University Centre of Cricketing Excellence) is a cricket coaching centre based at Loughborough University in Loughborough, Leicestershire, England, and the name under which the university's cricket team plays.

The former Loughborough University Centre of Cricketing Excellence played 27 first-class matches from 2001 to 2009. As Loughborough Marylebone Cricket Club University, the team has played fourteen first-class matches from 2010 to 2015.
Sidbury, Shropshire
Sidbury is a village and civil parish 21 miles (34 km) south-east of Shrewsbury, in the Shropshire district, in the ceremonial county of Shropshire, England. In 2001 the parish had a population of 32. Sidbury shared a parish council with Stottesdon. The parish touches Stottesdon, Deuxhill, Middleton Scriven and Billingsley.

Shropshire (district)
Shropshire is a unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of Shropshire, in the West Midlands region of England. It was created on 1 April 2009 from the former districts of Bridgnorth, North Shropshire, Oswestry, Shrewsbury and Atcham and South Shropshire. The district is governed by Shropshire Council. It contains 188 civil parishes.
Brene Moseley
Brene Moseley (born November 25, 1993) is an American former professional basketball player. She played guard for the Indiana Fever of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). She was drafted by the Fever in the second round of the 2016 WNBA draft. Moseley played college basketball for the Maryland Terrapins.

2016 WNBA draft
The 2016 WNBA draft is the league's draft for the 2016 WNBA season. It was held on April 14 at Mohegan Sun Arena in Uncasville, Connecticut.

The draft was most notable for Connecticut producing the top three picks, with #1 pick Breanna Stewart followed by Moriah Jefferson and Morgan Tuck. This is the first time in history that the top three draft picks came from the same school.
Hampton Luxury Liner
The Hampton Luxury Liner is a private bus company based in Commack, New York. Founded in 2000, the company provides seasonal bus service between the East Side of Manhattan, New York City and The Hamptons, Long Island.

The company mainly competes with the Hampton Jitney, another private bus company, as well as the Montauk Branch of the Long Island Rail Road. The Hampton Luxury Liner shut down in September 2016, but its naming rights were purchased in 2017 and service resumed that year.

Commack, New York
Commack (/ˈkoʊmæk/ KOH-mak) is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the towns of Huntington and Smithtown in Suffolk County, on Long Island, in New York. The CDP's population was 36,124 at the 2010 census.
SS Donau (1929)
SS Donau was a Norddeutscher Lloyd (NDL) refrigerated cargo steamship that was built in Germany in 1929 and sunk in occupied Norway in 1945. In the 1930s she sailed mostly between Bremen and the West Coast of the United States via the Panama Canal.

In the Second World War the Kriegsmarine used Donau for transport. Mostly she took troops, horses, and supplies from Germany and occupied Denmark to occupied Norway. She also made at least two trips to Finland. In 1942 the SS and Gestapo used Donau to deport 529Jews from Norway to Stettin, whence they were taken by train to Auschwitz. Only nine of her deportees survived.

Donau survived an accidental collision in 1940 and grounding in 1942. Two Norwegian resistance divers sank her on the 16th of January 1945. Her wreck was raised and scrapped in 1952.

Norwegian resistance movement
The Norwegian resistance (Norwegian: Motstandsbevegelsen) to the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany began after Operation Weserübung in 1940 and ended in 1945. It took several forms:

Asserting the legitimacy of the exiled government, and by implication the lack of legitimacy of Vidkun Quisling's pro-Nazi regime and Josef Terboven's military administration

The initial defence in Southern Norway, which was largely disorganised, but succeeded in allowing the government to escape capture

The more organised military defence and counter-attacks in parts of Western and Northern Norway, aimed at securing strategic positions and the evacuation of the government

Armed resistance, in the form of sabotage, commando raids, assassinations and other special operations during the occupation

Civil disobedience and unarmed resistance
Kenneth A. Harrison
Kenneth A. Harrison (1901 – November 5, 1991) was a Canadian mycologist. He was for many years a plant pathologist at what is now the Atlantic Food and Horticulture Research Centre in Nova Scotia. After retirement, he contributed to the taxonomy of the Agaricomycotina, particularly the tooth fungi of the families Hydnaceae and Bankeraceae, in which he described several new species.

Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, genetics, biochemical properties, and use by humans. Fungi can be a source of tinder, food, traditional medicine, as well as entheogens, poison, and infection. Yeasts are among the most heavily utilized members of the fungus kingdom, particularly in food manufacturing.

Mycology branches into the field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases. The two disciplines are closely related, because the vast majority of plant pathogens are fungi. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist.
Velikusha
Velikusha (Russian: Великуша) is a rural locality (a village) in Kichmengskoye Rural Settlement, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 36 as of 2002. There are 2 streets.

Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast (Russian: Вологодская область, romanized: Vologodskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [vəlɐˈɡotskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]; Veps: Vologdan agj) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is Vologda. The oblast has a population of 1,202,444 (2010 Census). The largest city is Cherepovets, the home of the Severstal metallurgical plant, the largest industrial enterprise in the oblast.

Vologda Oblast is home to many historic monuments, such as the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, Ferapontov Monastery (a World Heritage Site) with the frescoes of Dionisius, the two medieval towns of Velikiy Ustyug and Belozersk, and the baroque churches of Totma and Ustyuzhna.

Large reserves of wood and fresh water are the main natural resources.
Nils Nordberg
Nils Nordberg (born 26 March 1942, in Verdal Municipality) is a Norwegian crime writer, anthology editor and audio play director. He has worked for the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation since 1969, and for Radioteatret since 1973. He is regarded among Norway's leading experts on crime fiction.

Radioteatret
Radioteatret is a department of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation which produces audio plays for radio broadcasting. It was established in 1927.

In January 2021, Verdens Gang cited a report from NTB, saying that Radioteatret [now is] being decommissioned; furthermore "the theatre will get a new life as [a] podcast".
2021 Antalya Open – Doubles
Jonathan Erlich and Artem Sitak were the defending champions, but Sitak chose not to participate this year. Erlich partnered up with Andrei Vasilevski, but they lost to Jérémy Chardy and Fabrice Martin in the first round.

Nikola Mektić and Mate Pavić won the title, defeating Ivan Dodig and Filip Polášek in the final, 6–2, 6–4.

Jonathan Erlich
Jonathan Dario "Yoni" Erlich (Hebrew: יונתן דאריו "יוני" ארליך; born 5 April 1977) is an Israeli former professional tennis player. During his career, he was mainly a doubles specialist, having won the men's doubles title at the 2008 Australian Open with Andy Ram. He attained his career-high doubles ranking of world No. 5 in July 2008. Erlich has reached 44 doubles finals and won 22 (half of them), mostly with partner Andy Ram; together, they are known in Israel as "Andyoni". His Davis Cup doubles record, as of 2018, was 22–12.
Algernon Whiting
Algernon Oswald Whiting (23 April 1861 – 23 January 1931) was an English first-class cricketer and tea planter.

The son of George Whiting, he was born at Kensington in April 1861. He was educated firstly at Charterhouse School, before leaving there for Sherborne School in 1874. From Sherborne, he went up to Merton College, Oxford. While studying at Oxford, he played first-class cricket for Oxford University, making his debut against the Gentlemen of England at Oxford in 1881. He played first-class cricket for Oxford until 1882, making a total of nine appearances. Whiting scored a total of 317 runs in his nine matches, at an average of 18.64 and a high score of 80.

After graduating from Oxford, Whiting became a tea planter at Haputale in British Ceylon. While in Ceylon, he was a key figure in the early growth of cricket on the island. By the late 1920s, he held a number of directorships of tea and rubber plantations in Ceylon. Whiting died in January 1931 at Worcester Park, Surrey.

Charterhouse School
Charterhouse is a private school providing boarding facilities for pupils aged 13–18 in Godalming, Surrey, England. Founded by Thomas Sutton in 1611 on the site of the old Carthusian monastery in Charterhouse Square, Smithfield, London, it educates over 1000 pupils, aged 13 to 18 years. Charterhouse is one of the original nine English public schools reported upon by the Clarendon Commission in 1864 leading to its regulation by the Public Schools Act 1868.

Charterhouse charges full boarders around £48,038.40 (with the exclusion of VAT) per annum (2025/2026), alongside charging day pupils around £37,418.40 (with the exclusion of VAT) per annum (2025/2026) . It educated the British Prime Minister Lord Liverpool and has numerous notable alumni.
Richland County, Ohio
Richland County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 124,936. Its county seat is Mansfield. The county was created in 1808 and later organized in 1813. It is named for the fertile soil found there. Richland County is included in the Mansfield, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the Mansfield-Ashland-Bucyrus, OH Combined Statistical Area. The county is one of the six Metropolitan Statistical Areas that make up Northeast Ohio.

Ashland, Ohio
Ashland is a city in Ashland County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. It is approximately 66 miles (106 km) southwest of Cleveland. The population was 19,225 at the 2020 census. It is the center of the Ashland Micropolitan statistical area, which includes all of Ashland County.
Victoria Mercanton
Victoria Mercanton, or Victoria Spiri-Mercanton (1911–2007), was a French film editor and director, born Viktoria Aleksandrovna Pozner (Russian: Виктория Александровна Познер) on 25 January [O.S. 12 January] 1911, in Saint Petersburg, Russia, active from the 1930s to 1970s.

Known as Toto, she was a frequent collaborator on the films of Roger Vadim since his directorial debut in 1956 with And God Created Woman.

After surviving a couple of disastrous fires of  nitrate film in the editing suite - including one which claimed the life of a director sitting next to her — Mercanton successfully lobbied the government to legislate that the French film industry switch to safety film by the mid-1950s. She flippantly explained to Vadim, "You understand, I wanted to be able to smoke my Gauloises while working."

Gauloises
Gauloises (pronounced [ɡo.lwaz], "Gaulish" [feminine plural] in French; cigarette is a feminine noun in French) is a brand of cigarette of French origin. It is produced by the company Imperial Tobacco following its acquisition of Altadis in January 2008 in most countries, but produced and sold by Reemtsma in Germany. Until 2017 the cigarette was manufactured at a plant in Riom, Puy-de-Dôme, in France, but they are now manufactured in Poland.
Football hooliganism in the United Kingdom
Beginning in at least the 1960s, the United Kingdom gained a reputation worldwide for football hooliganism; the phenomenon was often dubbed the British or English Disease. However, since the 1980s and well into the 1990s the UK government has led a widescale crackdown on football related violence. While football hooliganism has been a growing concern in some continental European countries in recent years, British football fans now tend to have a better reputation abroad. Although reports of British football hooliganism still surface, the instances now tend to occur at pre-arranged locations rather than at the matches themselves.

Soul Crew
The Cardiff City Soul Crew (commonly known as the Soul Crew) is a football hooligan firm, associated with the Welsh football club Cardiff City. From its formation in 1983 onwards, the Soul Crew would on many occasions become one of the most active football firms in the United Kingdom.
Donald C. Ainslie
Donald C. Ainslie is a Canadian philosopher and Professor of Philosophy at the University of Toronto. 
He is known for his works on early modern philosophy and bioethics.
Ainslie served as Principal of University College, Toronto between 2011 and 2020.
He is a winner of the Journal of the History of Philosophy prize in 2016 for his book Hume’s True Scepticism.

Bioethics
Bioethics is both a field of study and professional practice, interested in ethical issues related to health (primarily focused on the human, but also increasingly includes animal ethics), including those emerging from advances in biology, medicine, and technologies. It proposes the discussion about moral discernment in society (what decisions are "good" or "bad" and why) and it is often related to medical policy and practice, but also to broader questions as environment, well-being and public health. Bioethics is concerned with the ethical questions that arise in the relationships among life sciences, biotechnology, medicine, politics, law, theology and philosophy. It includes the study of values relating to primary care, other branches of medicine ("the ethics of the ordinary"), ethical education in science, animal, and environmental ethics, and public health.
Dénes Berényi
Dénes Berényi (26 December 1928 – June 27, 2012) was a Hungarian nuclear physicist, member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA) and Head of the Institute of Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences from 1976 to 1990. The 5694 Berényi is named after him.

Hungarian Academy of Sciences
The Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungarian: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia [ˈmɒɟɒr ˈtudomaːɲoʃ ˈɒkɒdeːmijɒ], MTA) is Hungary’s foremost and most prestigious learned society. Its headquarters are located along the banks of the Danube in Budapest, between Széchenyi rakpart and Akadémia utca. The Academy's primary functions include the advancement of scientific knowledge, the dissemination of research findings, the support of research and development, and the representation of science in Hungary both domestically and around the world.
1041 Asta
1041 Asta, provisional designation 1925 FA, is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 57 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 22 March 1925, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid was likely named after Danish actress Asta Nielsen.

Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory
Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory (German: Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl) is a historic astronomical observatory located near the summit of the Königstuhl hill in the city of Heidelberg in Germany. It is operated by the Center for Astronomy (ZAH) at the University of Heidelberg.

The predecessor of the current observatory was originally opened in 1774 in the nearby city of Mannheim but degradation of observational conditions there resulted in a relocation to the Königstuhl in 1898.

The Observatory facility have little value for current astronomical research of ZAH; research is done with the Gama Ray H.E.S.S in Namibia and ESO facilities in Chile.

Andreas Quirrenbach is the observatory's director since 2005.
Battle of the Col des Beni Aïcha (1846)
The Battle of the Col des Beni Aïcha or Battle of Thénia, which broke out on 3 February 1846, was a battle of the French conquest of Algeria between the Algerian rebels, and the France, which was the colonial power in the region since 1830.

Boghni
Boghni is a town and commune in Tizi Ouzou Province in northern Algeria. It is located in the south of Tizi Ouzou, surrounded by Djurdjura mountain and surrounded by Maatekas, Beni Kouffi, Voughardane, Mechtras and other small communes. Boghni is known as the fourth most connected small village to Internet in the world.
Kamiane
Kamiane (Ukrainian: Камяне) may stand for:

Kamiane, Sumy Oblast, a village in Sumy Oblast of Ukraine

Kamiane, Luhansk Oblast, an urban-type settlement in Luhansk Oblast of Ukraine

Kamiane, Zaporizhzhia Oblast, an urban-type settlement in Zaporizhzhia Oblast of Ukraine

Kamiane, Zaporizhzhia Oblast
Kamiane (Ukrainian: Кам'яне) is a rural settlement in Zaporizhzhia Raion, Zaporizhzhia Oblast, southern Ukraine. It was formerly administered within Vilniansk Raion until 2020. Population: 1,117 (2022 estimate). Kamiane is the administrative center of Kamiane Council, a local government area.
Varalé
Varalé is a village in northeastern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Doropo, Doropo Department, Bounkani Region, Zanzan District.

Varalé was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Zanzan District
Zanzan District (French: District du Zanzan, [zɑ̃.zɑ̃]) is one of fourteen administrative districts of Ivory Coast. The district is located in the northeast of the country. The capital of the district is Bondoukou.