hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ga-Madiba
Ga-Madiba is a large village in the Mogalakwena Local Municipality of the Waterberg District Municipality of the Limpopo province in South Africa. It's located just 8 km north of the town of Mokopane on the N11 road.

Mogalakwena Local Municipality
Mogalakwena Municipality (Northern Sotho: Mmasepala wa Mogalakwena) is a local municipality within the Waterberg District Municipality, in the Limpopo province of South Africa. It's named after the mogalakwena river which comes from the babina Kwena fierce Nile crocodile. The seat is Mokopane. The area constitute of a cosmopolitan of different  chiefdoms: mainly Bakone (Masenya  le Matlala), Lebelo kgomo, Transvaal Ndebele Langa & Kekana, phokela, Lekalekale, babirwa.
Tonestus lyallii
Tonestus lyallii is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names Lyall's goldenweed, Lyall's serpentweed and Lyall's tonestus. It is native to western North America, particularly in the Rocky Mountains and the mountain ranges of the Pacific Northwest with scattered occurrences between. It is a perennial herb growing in clumps or short bunches not more than about 15 centimeters tall, the stem branching from a tough caudex. The leaves are smooth-edged and linear or lance-shaped, the largest at the base of the plant reaching up to about 8 centimeters long. The inflorescence is a single flower head or a pair of heads each about a centimeter wide with green or red phyllaries. The head bears at least 10 or 11 bright yellow ray florets around a center containing many tubular disc florets.

Caudex
A caudex (pl.: caudices) of a plant is a stem, but the term is also used to mean a rootstock and particularly a basal stem structure from which new growth arises.

In the strict sense of the term, meaning a stem, "caudex" is most often used with plants that have a different stem morphology from the typical angiosperm dicotyledon stem; examples include palms, ferns, and cycads. The largest of all caudices is that of the ombu (Phytolacca dioica) of the Pampas of South America, which can reach up to 14 metres girth.

The related term caudiciform, literally meaning stem-like, is sometimes used to mean pachycaul, thick-stemmed. Caudices should not be confused with lignotubers which can also be very large.
Dune (mathematics software)
DUNE (Distributed and Unified Numerics Environment) is a modular C++ library for the solution of partial differential equations using grid-based methods.

The DUNE library is divided into modules.  In version 2.9 are the core modules

general classes and infrastructure: dune-common,

geometry classes: dune-geometry,

grid interface: dune-grid,

linear algebra classes: dune-istl,

local ansatz functions: dune-localfunctions.

In addition, there are several further modules, including some which have been developed by third parties.

Ansatz
In physics and mathematics, an ansatz (/ˈænsæts/; German: [ˈʔanzats] ⓘ, meaning: "initial placement of a tool at a work piece", plural ansatzes or, from German, ansätze /ˈænsɛtsə/; German: [ˈʔanzɛtsə] ⓘ) is an educated guess or an additional assumption made to help solve a problem, and which may later be verified to be part of the solution by its results.
Open education
Open education is an international learning standards and education policy open standards movement based on open source openness.

It was created inspired by the historiography of history of education educational movements of the twentieth century such as popular education, community education, and critical pedagogy, all of which promote the widening participation and inclusiveness in society based on open access with the aim of information access to learning and training in informal and formal education systems, mainly through online and distance education.

Its main products are open educational resources (OER), open source software educational technologies (edtech), open science, open research projects, and open educational practices.

Information access
Information access is the freedom or ability to identify, obtain and make use of database  or information effectively.

There are various research efforts in information access for which the objective is to simplify and make it more effective for human users to access and further process large and unwieldy amounts of data and information.
Punta de Arinaga Lighthouse
The Punta de Arinaga Lighthouse (Spanish: Faro de Punta de Arinaga) is an active lighthouse on the Spanish island of Gran Canaria in the Canary islands. The current lighthouse tower is the third to be constructed on the rocky headland of Punta Arinaga, near the town of the same name in the municipality of Agüimes. Arinaga is on the south-east side of the island and marks the coastline between the Maspalomas lighthouse to the south and the Punta de Melenara lighthouse of Telde to the north.

Gran Canaria
Gran Canaria (UK: /ˌɡræn kəˈnɛəriə, -ˈnɑːr-/, US: /ˌɡrɑːn kəˈnɑːriə, -ˈnɛər-/; Spanish: [ɡɾaŋ kaˈnaɾja] ⓘ), also Grand Canary Island, is the third-largest and second-most-populous island of the Canary Islands, a Spanish archipelago off the Atlantic coast of Northwest Africa. As of 2023 the island had a population of 862,893 that constitutes approximately 40% of the population of the archipelago. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, the capital of the island, is the largest city of the Canary Islands and the ninth-largest city of Spain.

Gran Canaria is located in the Atlantic Ocean in a region known as Macaronesia about 150 kilometres (93 mi) off the northwestern coast of Africa and about 1,350 km (840 mi) from Europe. With an area of 1,560 km2 (600 sq mi) and an altitude of 1,956 m (6,417 ft) at Morro de la Agujereada, Gran Canaria is the third largest island of the archipelago in both area and altitude. Gran Canaria is also the third most populated island in Spain.
Hunan hand syndrome
Hunan hand syndrome (also known as "chili burn") is a temporary, but very painful, cutaneous condition that commonly afflicts those who handle, prepare, or cook with fresh or roasted chili peppers. It was first described in an eponymous case report in The New England Journal of Medicine in 1981.

It occurs when the phytochemical capsaicin, which can be present in very high concentrations in certain varieties of chili peppers (especially with superhot peppers such as ghost peppers or Carolina reapers), contacts cutaneous free nerve endings which are present in high density in finger tips. This triggers the release of substance P, which in turn causes a sensation of intense burning pain. Various treatments for Hunan Hand have been described, including soaking the affected fingers in lidocaine; milk or vinegar; or the use of local nerve blocks, gabapentin, or topical corticosteroids. Hunan hand can be prevented by wearing rubber gloves when handling chili peppers.

The New England Journal of Medicine
The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) is a weekly medical journal published by the Massachusetts Medical Society. Founded in 1812, the journal is among the most prestigious peer-reviewed medical journals. Its 2024 impact factor was 78.5, ranking it 2nd out of 168 journals in the category "Medicine, General & Internal".
Joel Brown (hurdler)
Joel Brown (born January 31, 1980, in Baltimore, Maryland) is an American hurdler.

He finished sixth at the 2005 World Championships and seventh at the 2005 World Athletics Final.

Comprises 1/4 of the World Record Shuttle Hurdle Relay team (Aubrey Herring, David Oliver, Aries Merritt) that ran 53.31 at the 2008 Penn Relay Carnival

His personal best time is 13.20 seconds, achieved on June 9, 2011, at the Bislett Games.

Brown was managed for 9 years by his agent and former high school coach Mark Pryor of World Express Sports Management

Brown was an All-American hurdler for the Ohio State Buckeyes track and field team, finishing 3rd in the 110 m hurdles at the 2004 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships.

2005 World Championships in Athletics
The 10th World Championships in Athletics (Finnish: Yleisurheilun maailmanmestaruuskilpailut 2005, Swedish: Världsmästerskapen i friidrott 2005), under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), were held in the Olympic Stadium, Helsinki, Finland (6 August 2005 – 14 August 2005), the site of the first IAAF World Championships in 1983. One theme of the 2005 championships was paralympic events, some of which were included as exhibition events. Much of the event was played in extremely heavy rainfall.
2014 IIHF World Championship Division II
The 2014 IIHF World Championship Division II was a pair of international Ice hockey tournaments organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation. Group A was contested in Belgrade, Serbia, running from 9 to 15 April 2014 and Group B was contested in Jaca, Spain, running from 5 to 11 April 2014. Divisions II A and II B represent the fourth and the fifth tier of the Ice Hockey World Championships.

Jaca
Jaca (Spanish pronunciation: ['xaka]; in Aragonese: Chaca or Xaca) is a city of northeastern Spain in the province of Huesca, located near the Pyrenees and the border with France. Jaca is an ancient fort on the Aragón River, situated at the crossing of two great early medieval routes, one from Toulouse to Santiago de Compostela and Pau to Zaragoza. Jaca was the city out of which the County and Kingdom of Aragon developed. It was the first capital of the Kingdom of Aragon until 1096 and also the capital of Jacetania.
Stepnoye, Rodinsky District, Altai Krai
Stepnoye (Russian: Степное) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Stepnovsky Selsoviet, Rodinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 1,401 as of 2013. There are 23 streets.

Rodinsky District
Rodinsky District (Russian: Ро́динский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the west of the krai. The area of the district is 3,118 square kilometers (1,204 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Rodino. Population:  20,719 (2010 census); 25,482 (2002 census); 24,966 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Rodino accounts for 41.5% of the district's total population.
Hollywood Backstage (1964 TV series)
Hollywood Backstage, with various presenters including John Willis and Army Archerd, is an American TV series that features a behind-the-scenes look at the glamour of the Hollywood film industry. It originally ran from 1964 to 1968 and was originally titled Hollywood Star Newsreel.

Behind-the-scenes
In filmmaking, behind-the-scenes (BTS), also known as the making-of, the set, or  on the set, is a documentary film that features the production of a film or television program. This is often referred to as the EPK (electronic press kit) video, due to its main usage as a promotional tool, either concurrent with theatrical release or as a bonus feature for the film's DVD or Blu-ray release.
Charles Martin (Alabama politician)
Charles Bee Martin (July 12, 1931 – December 8, 2012) was an American politician.

Martin was born in Curry, Alabama, in Walker County, Alabama, and worked for Monsanto, an agricultural business. From Decatur, Alabama, Martin served on the Decatur city council. He also served in both houses of the Alabama Legislature and on the Alabama Public Service Commission. He died in Decatur, Alabama.

Alabama Legislature
The Alabama Legislature is the legislative branch of the government of the U.S. state of Alabama. It is a bicameral body composed of the House of Representatives and Senate. It is one of the few state legislatures in which members of both chambers serve four-year terms and in which all are elected in the same cycle. The most recent election was on November 8, 2022. The new legislature assumes office immediately following the certification of the election results by the Alabama Secretary of State which occurs within a few days following the election.

The Legislature meets in the Alabama State House in Montgomery. The original capitol building, located nearby, has not been used by the Legislature on a regular basis since 1985, when it closed for renovations. In the 21st century, it serves as the seat of the executive branch as well as a museum.
Johnny Lodden
Johnny Lodden (born 1 June 1985 in Jørpeland, Norway) is a Norwegian professional poker player prominently known for his online success. He frequently played under the alias "bad_ip" on Prima network online high-stakes games (up to $40,000 buy-in NLHE), and for a brief time he was considered the biggest winner in the largest online cash games in the world (before Full Tilt Poker expanded to include larger games). Lodden has also been known to occasionally play on PokerStars under the alias "Lars-Magne".
In August 2007 Lodden gave a brief interview with the Danish poker journal Acemag, where he admitted to having lost his whole bankroll and had to retire his old bad_ip account and start from scratch with a stake from a friend.

As of 2021, his total live tournament winnings exceed $2,800,000.

He used to be a member of both Team Pro PokerStars and Team PartyPoker.

PokerStars
PokerStars is an online poker cardroom. It is the largest real money online poker site in the world, controlling over two-thirds of the total online poker market, and can be accessed through downloadable poker clients for Windows, macOS, Android and iOS.

A PokerStars.com online satellite tournament produced the 2003 World Series of Poker (WSOP) champion, Chris Moneymaker. As the first person to become a world champion by qualifying at an online poker site, Moneymaker's 2003 win was an important factor in catalyzing the poker boom of the mid-2000s. The press has called this the "Moneymaker effect."

PokerStars was part of The Stars Group until it was sold to Flutter Entertainment, owner of the Irish gambling company Paddy Power, on May 5, 2020.
Multinomial logistic regression
In statistics, multinomial logistic regression is a classification method that generalizes logistic regression to multiclass problems, i.e. with more than two possible discrete outcomes.  That is, it is a model that is used to predict the probabilities of the different possible outcomes of a categorically distributed dependent variable, given a set of independent variables (which may be real-valued, binary-valued, categorical-valued, etc.).

Multinomial logistic regression is known by a variety of other names, including polytomous LR, multiclass LR, softmax regression, multinomial logit (mlogit), the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) classifier, and the conditional maximum entropy model.

Maximum a posteriori estimation
An estimation procedure that is often claimed to be part of Bayesian statistics is the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate of an unknown quantity, that equals the mode of the posterior density with respect to some reference measure, typically the Lebesgue measure. The MAP can be used to obtain a point estimate of an unobserved quantity on the basis of empirical data. It is closely related to the method of maximum likelihood (ML) estimation, but employs an augmented optimization objective which incorporates a prior density over the quantity one wants to estimate.  MAP estimation is therefore a regularization of maximum likelihood estimation, so is not a well-defined statistic of the Bayesian posterior distribution.
Tim Wadlow
Tim Wadlow (born July 23, 1974) is an American sailor. He competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics and the 2008 Summer Olympics.

He received the "Everett B. Morris Trophy", awarded to the ICSA College Sailor of the Year, in 1997.

ICSA College Sailor of the Year
ICSA College Sailor of the Year, also known as Marlow Ropes College Sailor of the Year because of the sponsorship  by Marlow Ropes, is an award annually presented, since 1968, by the United States Naval Academy and the executive committee of the Inter-Collegiate Sailing Association (ICSA) to the “Best Intercollegiate Sailor” within ICSA competition, who receives the Everett Morris Memorial Trophy. The trophy is awarded annually for outstanding performance at the highest level of sailing in the collegiate year. The trophy is named in memory of a distinguished journalist who spent more than 30 years as a yachting writer and editor.
Eight Legions
The Eight Legions (Sanskrit: अष्टसेना, Aṣṭasenā; 八部衆) are a group of Buddhist deities whose function is to protect the Dharma. These beings are common among the audience addressed by the Buddha in Mahāyāna sūtras, making appearances in such scriptures as the Lotus Sutra and the Golden Light Sutra. They are also referred to as the "Eight Legions of Devas and Nāgas" (天龍八部).

Asuras are also listed here as protectors of Dharma in the same sense as demigods are referred as "asuratvam" (holy) in Rigvedic "Hymn to all gods" where devas are related to "asuras" (thus, protectors of Dharma). Related word "ahura" in Zoroastrianism also means "god".

Golden Light Sutra
The Golden Light Sutra or Suvarṇaprabhāsa Sūtra (Sanskrit: सुवर्णप्रभासोत्तमसूत्रेन्द्रराजः; ) is a Buddhist text of the Mahayana branch of Buddhism. In Sanskrit, the full title is Suvarṇaprabhāsottamasūtrendrarājaḥ "The King of Sutras on the Sublime Golden Radiance"
Walter Fürst
Walter Fürst (fl. 1303–1317) was a legendary Swiss patriot from Uri, who contributed to establish the liberty and independence of Switzerland. According to Tschudi he represented Uri at the Rütlischwur.

Canton of Uri
The canton of Uri (German: Kanton Uri [ˈuːri] ⓘ; Romansh: Chantun Uri; French: Canton d'Uri; Italian: Canton Uri) is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland and a founding member of the Swiss Confederation. It is located in Central Switzerland. The canton's territory covers the valley of the Reuss between the St. Gotthard Pass and Lake Lucerne.

The official language of Uri is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken dialect is the Alemannic Swiss German called Urner German.

Uri was once the only canton whose children in school had to learn Italian as their first foreign language, but in the school year of 2005/2006, that was changed to English, as in other Central and Northeastern Swiss cantons. The canton's population is about 35,000, of which 3,046 (or 8.7%) are foreigners.

The legendary William Tell is said to have hailed from Uri. The historical landmark Rütli lies within the canton of Uri.
Herbert Addo
Herbert Addo (24 June 1951 – 24 March 2017) was a Ghanaian Premier League football coach. He was born in Accra. He coached Hasaacas, Asante Kotoko, Ashanti Gold, Hearts of Oak, Aduana Stars and Inter Allies. He also coached Gabonese club Shellsport now Mbilinga.

Ghana Premier League
The Ghana Premier League is the top professional association football league in Ghana organized by the Ghana Football Association and formed in 1958 to replace a previous league incarnation, the Gold Coast Club Competition which ran from 1933 to 1953–54. As of the first quarter of 2024, the league was ranked as the 8th best league in Africa by TeamForm.com.

Asante Kotoko is the most successful team in the league with 25 titles, followed by Accra Hearts of Oak with 20. The bottom 3 teams are relegated at the end of each season and placed in each zone of the Ghanaian Division One League.

The 2019–20 season was halted and eventually cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana that mirrored the cause of postponement or cancellation of association football leagues and competitions across the globe.
Super Rabbit
Super Rabbit is a talking animal superhero in american comic books published by Timely Comics, a predecessor of Marvel Comics, during the 1930s and 1940s period fans and historians call the Golden Age of comic books. Created by cartoonist Ernie Hart, he first appeared in Comedy Comics #14 (cover-dated Mar. 1943).

The character appeared after Fawcett Comics' talking-animal superhero Hoppy the Marvel Bunny (debut: Fawcett's Funny Animals #1, cover-dated Dec. 1942), and before the Bugs Bunny theatrical cartoon short "Super-Rabbit" (released in April 1943).

Super-Rabbit
Super-Rabbit is a 1943 Warner Bros. cartoon starring Bugs Bunny. The cartoon is a parody of the popular comic book and radio character Superman by DC Comics. Super-Rabbit was the 16th Bugs Bunny entry, and the 47th short directed by Chuck Jones.
Candy Everybody Wants
"Candy Everybody Wants" is the second single by American alternative rock group 10,000 Maniacs from their fifth album, Our Time in Eden (1992). The song was released in March 1993 by Elektra Records. It was written by Dennis Drew and Natalie Merchant, the band's keyboardist and lead singer respectively. Rolling Stone wrote that the song is about "the American appetite for televised sex and violence – and big business's willingness to satisfy that craving." The single also includes covers of Morrissey's "Everyday Is Like Sunday", "Sally Ann" (a traditional song first recorded by The Hill Billies), and R.E.M.'s "(Don't Go Back To) Rockville".

Dennis Drew
Dennis Arnold Drew (born August 8, 1957) is the keyboardist for the American alternative rock band 10,000 Maniacs. He has been with the band since its inception in 1981 and is one of three founding members along with Steve Gustafson and John Lombardo in the current band lineup. Drew also spent 17 years (2004-2021) as the general manager of WRFA-LP, a community radio station in Jamestown, New York. He previously had a stint at WNAE-AM in nearby city Warren, PA, before the band's beginning.
Marriage in the Shadows
Marriage in the Shadows (German: Ehe im Schatten) is 1947 German melodrama film directed by Kurt Maetzig and starring Paul Klinger, Ilse Steppat and Alfred Balthoff. It was produced in the Soviet zone in what later became East Germany and was released by DEFA. The film was described as an "attempt to confront the German people about the morals of the past", being the first film to confront the people about the persecution of the Jews and the atrocities conducted during World War II.

DEFA
DEFA (Deutsche Film-Aktiengesellschaft) was the state-owned film studio of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) throughout the country's existence. Since 2019, DEFA's film heritage has been made accessible and licensable on the PROGRESS archive platform. The DEFA Foundation is a non-profit organisation that was established in order to preserve the films in the DEFA library as well as the film studios, and make them accessible to the public.
Casa Loma
Casa Loma (Spanish for "Hill House") is a Gothic Revival castle-style mansion and garden in midtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that is now a historic house museum and landmark. It was constructed from 1911 to 1914 as a residence for financier Sir Henry Pellatt. The architect was E. J. Lennox, who designed several other city landmarks. Casa Loma sits at an elevation of 140 metres (460 ft) above sea level, 66 metres (217 ft) above Lake Ontario.

Due to its unique architectural character in Toronto, Casa Loma has been a popular filming location for movies and television. It is also a popular venue for wedding ceremonies, and Casa Loma can be rented in the evenings after the museum closes to the public.

Historic house museum
A historic house museum is a house of historic significance that is preserved as a museum. Historic furnishings may be displayed in a way that reflects their original placement and usage in a home. Historic house museums are held to a variety of standards, including those of the International Council of Museums. Houses are transformed into museums for a number of different reasons. For example, the homes of famous writers are frequently turned into writer's home museums to support literary tourism.