hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gift
A gift or present is an item given to someone (who is not already the owner) without the expectation of payment or anything in return. Although gift-giving might involve an expectation of reciprocity, a gift is intended to be free. In many countries, the act of mutually exchanging money, goods, etc., may sustain social relationships and contribute to social cohesion. Economists have elaborated the economics of gift-giving into the notion of a gift economy. By extension, the term gift can refer to any item or act of service that makes the other happier or less sad, especially as a favor, including forgiveness and kindness. Gifts are often presented on occasions such as birthdays and holidays.

Sadness
Sadness is an emotional pain associated with, or characterized by, feelings of disadvantage, loss, despair, grief, helplessness, disappointment and sorrow. An individual experiencing sadness may become quiet or lethargic, and withdraw themselves from others. An example of severe sadness is depression, a mood which can be brought on by major depressive disorder or persistent depressive disorder. Crying can be an indication of sadness.

Sadness is one of the six basic emotions described by Paul Ekman, along with happiness, anger, surprise, fear, and disgust.: 271–4
2017 Lalitpur municipal election
Municipal election for Lalitpur, the third largest city in Nepal, was held on May 14, 2017 for the post of Mayor, Deputy Mayor, Ward Chairmen and Ward Members. All posts were elected by First past the post method; with all having a tenure of 5 years.

Lalitpur, Nepal
Lalitpur (Nepali: ललितपुर)  is a metropolitan city and  fourth most populous city of Nepal with 299,843 inhabitants living in 77,159 households per the 2021 census. It is located in the south-central part of Kathmandu Valley, a large valley in the high plateaus in central Nepal, at an altitude of 1,350 metres (4,430 feet).

Its cultural heritage includes a tradition of arts and crafts. It has a multi-ethnic population with a Hindu and Buddhist majority. Religious and cultural festivities form a major part of the lives of people residing in Kathmandu. Tourism is an important part of the city's economy and it stages festivals and feasts,  Lalitpur is home to Patan Durbar Square, which has been listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
Cloak and Cipher
Cloak and Cipher is the second full-length album by Canadian indie rock band Land of Talk, released August 24, 2010, on Saddle Creek Records.

The album features special guests including Patrick Watson as well as members of Stars, Thee Silver Mt. Zion, Wintersleep, The Besnard Lakes, Arcade Fire and Esmerine.

The album was named as a longlisted nominee for the 2011 Polaris Music Prize.

2011 Polaris Music Prize
The 2011 edition of the Canadian Polaris Music Prize was presented on September 19, 2011 The winner was Arcade Fire, for the album The Suburbs, making it the only album to win a Grammy Award for Album of the Year.

For the 2011 award, the prize was increased to $30,000 for the winning musician.
Scobinancistrus
Scobinancistrus is a genus of armored catfishes native to the southeastern Amazon (Tocantins, Xingu, Trombetas, Tapajós basins) in Brazil. They are black with numerous white to orange spots, and the fins can have broad reddish-orange edging. They reach up to 27–29 cm (10.6–11.4 in) in length.

Xingu River
The Xingu River (/ʃɪŋˈɡuː/, shing-GOO; Portuguese: Rio Xingu [ˈʁi.u ʃĩˈɡu]; Mẽbêngôkre: Byti [bɯˈti]: 73 ) is a 1,640 km (1,020 mi) river in north Brazil. It is a southeast tributary of the Amazon River and one of the largest clearwater rivers in the Amazon basin, accounting for about 5% of its water.
Propaganda in the Soviet Union
Propaganda in the Soviet Union was the practice of state-directed communication aimed at promoting class conflict, proletarian internationalism, the goals of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and the party itself.

The main Soviet censorship body, Glavlit, was employed not only to eliminate any undesirable printed materials but also "to ensure that the correct ideological spin was put on every published item." After the death of Joseph Stalin, punitive measures were replaced by punitive psychiatry, prison, denial of work, and loss of citizenship.

Girl No. 217
Girl No. 217 (Russian: Человек № 217, translit. Chelovek No. 217) is a 1945 Soviet war drama film directed by Mikhail Romm. It was entered into the 1946 Cannes Film Festival.

An anti-Nazi film, it depicted a Russian girl enslaved to an inhuman German family.  She is even robbed of her name and forced to answer to "No. 217".  Subplots depict abuse directed at other POWs.  This reflected the use by Nazis of Ostarbeiter as slave labour, including as family servants.
Salem Historic District (Salem, West Virginia)
Salem Historic District is a national historic district located at Salem, Harrison County, West Virginia.  The district encompasses 28 contributing buildings in the central business district developed after a devastating fire in 1902.  The district is almost exclusively commercial, with the exception of a few residences.  Notable buildings include the B & O Railroad Station (1912), Cozy Corner (c. 1902), Salem Baptist Church (c. 1913), First National Bank (c. 1902), U.S. Post Office (c. 1941), Brissey Insurance Building (c. 1902), Wilson Building (c. 1902), and the Queen Anne style Pearcy-Randolph House (c. 1900), former home of Senator Jennings Randolph.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Jennings Randolph
Jennings Randolph (March 8, 1902 – May 8, 1998) was an American politician from West Virginia. A Democrat, he was most notable for his service in the United States House of Representatives from 1933 to 1947 and the United States Senate from 1958 to 1985. He was the last living member of the United States Congress to have served during the first 100 days of Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration. Randolph retired in 1985, and was succeeded by Jay Rockefeller.
Farrenkopf
The Farrenkopf (788.5 m above sea level (NHN)), also known as the "Rigi of the Central Black Forest" is a mountain with extensive views in the Black Forest near the town of Hausach in the Kinzig valley.

Rigi
The Rigi (or Mount Rigi; also known as Queen of the Mountains) is a mountain massif of the Alps, located in Central Switzerland. The whole massif is almost entirely surrounded by the water of three different bodies of water: Lake Lucerne, Lake Zug and Lake Lauerz. The range is in the Schwyzer Alps, and is split between the cantons of Schwyz and Lucerne, although the main summit, named Rigi Kulm, at 1,797 meters above sea level, lies within the canton of Schwyz. The Rigi Kulm Hotel, established in 1816, is located on the summit.

The Rigi Kulm and other areas, such as the resort of Rigi Kaltbad, are served by Europe's oldest mountain railways, the Rigi Railways. The whole area offers many activities such as skiing or sledging in the winter, and hiking in the summer.
Aju Gossain
Aju Gossain (Bengali: আজু গোঁসাই, c. 18th century) was a Bengali poet who was known for his parodies of Ramprasad Sen’s songs. Not much about him is known except his works, not even his real name which is presumed to be either Ayodhyanath or Ayodhyaram Goswami, while Jogendranath Gupta assumed that his real name might be either Ajay Goswami or Achyut Goswami or Rajchandra Goswami.

Parody music
Parody music, or musical parody, involves changing or copying existing (usually well known) musical ideas, and/or lyrics, or copying the particular style of a composer or performer, or even a general style of music.

In music, parody has been used for many different purposes and in various musical contexts: as a serious compositional technique, as an unsophisticated re-use of well-known melody to present new words, and as an intentionally humorous, even mocking, reworking of existing musical material, sometimes for satirical effect.

Examples of musical parody with completely serious intent include parody masses in the 16th century, and, in the 20th century, the use of folk tunes in popular song, and neo-classical works written for the concert hall, drawing on earlier styles. "Parody" in this serious sense continues to be a term in musicological use, existing alongside the more common use of the term to refer to parody for humorous effect.
1983 NCAA Division III baseball tournament
The 1983 NCAA Division III baseball tournament was played at the end of the 1983 NCAA Division III baseball season to determine the eighth national champion of college baseball at the NCAA Division III level.  The tournament concluded with six teams competing at Pioneer Park in Marietta, Ohio, for the championship.  Six regional tournaments were held to determine the participants in the World Series. Regional tournaments were contested in double-elimination format, with one region consisting of six teams, four regions consisting of four teams, and one region consisting of two teams, which was played as best-of-five, for a total of 24 teams participating in the tournament. The tournament champion was Marietta, who defeated Otterbein for the championship.

Otterbein University
Otterbein University is a private university in Westerville, Ohio, United States. The university was founded in 1847 by the Church of the United Brethren in Christ and named for United Brethren founder, Philip William Otterbein. It has been associated since 1968 with the United Methodist Church.

It is primarily an undergraduate institution with approximately 2,100 undergraduate and 240 graduate students on campus.  The school's mascot is Cardy the Cardinal and the school is a member of the Ohio Athletic Conference in NCAA Division III athletics.
Ommanney Bay (Coronation Island)
Ommanney Bay (60°33′S 45°32′W﻿ / ﻿60.550°S 45.533°W﻿ / -60.550; -45.533) is a bay 2 mi (3.2 km) wide between Prong Point and Foul Point on the north coast of Coronation Island, in the South Orkney Islands of Antarctica. Like much of Coronation Island and its surrounding features, it was first seen and roughly charted by Captain George Powell and Captain Nathaniel Palmer in 1821. It was recharted in 1933 by Discovery Investigations personnel on the Discovery II and named for Francis D. Ommanney, zoologist on the staff of the Discovery Committee.

Prong Point is a narrow protruding headland forming the west side of the entrance to Ommanney Bay. After being charted by Powell and Palmer in 1821, it was surveyed by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1956–58. The United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) named it in 1959.

Discovery Committee
The Discovery Committee was a popular name for the Interdepartmental Committee for the Dependencies of the Falkland Islands established by the British Government to carry out scientific investigations (which became known as ‘Discovery Investigations’) and to propose nature resource conservation and economic development policies for the Falkland Islands Dependencies.

During more than 25 years (1925–51) of pioneering work, the Committee's research ships Discovery  (Robert Scott’s ship), William Scoresby and Discovery II collected an enormous amount of oceanographic, biological, and geographical data published in 38 volumes, contributing greatly to the knowledge of the world's southern regions.  Particularly extensive was the new data related to all aspects of the island of South Georgia.  Among the results of the investigations was also the discovery of the natural boundary of Antarctica, the Antarctic Convergence.
Jindong Township, Sichuan
Jindong Township (simplified Chinese: 金洞乡; traditional Chinese: 金洞鄉; pinyin: Jīndòng Xiāng) is a township under the administration of Lizhou District, Guangyuan, Sichuan, China. As of 2020, it administers Bailonghu Residential Community (白龙湖社区) the following six villages:

Zhanwan Village (站湾村)

Shiqing Village (石青村)

Qinghe Village (清河村)

Tiangou Village (田沟村)

Dianzi Village (店子村)

Changyang Village (长阳村)

Guangyuan
Guangyuan (simplified Chinese: 广元; traditional Chinese: 廣元; pinyin: Guǎngyuán; Wade–Giles: Kuang-yüan) is a prefecture-level city in Sichuan Province, China, bordering the provinces of Shaanxi to the northeast and Gansu to the northwest. Guangyuan City is located on the northern edge of the Sichuan Basin, on the upper reaches of the Jialing River, and is the junction of Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. The city has a population of 2,305,657 as of the 2020 census. By the end of 2024, the registered population of the city will be 2,893,700. Among them, the urban population is 814,800 and the rural population is 2.078,800, accounting for 28.2% and 71.8% of the total population respectively.

Located roughly between the provincial capitals Chengdu, Lanzhou, Xi'an and Chongqing municipality, it is considered the northern gateway to Sichuan. It is an ancient city, notable for its relics and tombs.
Park Avenue Historic District
Park Avenue Historic District is the name of several historic districts, including:

(by state)

Park Avenue Historic District (Denver, Colorado), a Denver Landmark

Park Avenue Historic District (Tallahassee, Florida), a Tallahassee, Florida neighborhood listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)

Park Avenue Historic District (Detroit), a Detroit neighborhood listed on the NRHP

Park Avenue Apartment District, an Omaha, Nebraska neighborhood listed on the NRHP

Park Avenue Historic District (Manhattan), a New York City neighborhood listed on the NRHP in Manhattan

Park Avenue Houses, a New York City landmark listed on the NRHP

Park Avenue Historic District (Rochester, New York), a Rochester, New York neighborhood listed on the NRHP

Park Avenue Apartment District
The Park Avenue Apartment District is a historic district in Omaha, Nebraska that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.

One component, the Portland, was built as the Barnard Apartment Building in 1902, and has been known as the Portland since 1917.  It was designed by architect John Latenser, Sr. and is a three-story apartment building with three wings, forming a U-shape around a courtyard.  It includes Italian Renaissance styling.

The Unitah, built two years later by the same owner and also with Latenser as architect, includes Prairie School design elements in its exterior.  It was later renamed to be the Cantebury Square Apartments.
African Congress for Transformation
The African Congress for Transformation (ACT) is a South African political party founded in August 2023 by former African National Congress (ANC) Secretary General, Premier of the Free State Ace Magashule, and fired Hawks boss Berning Ntlemeza.

As of August 2023, Magashule faces a number of corruption charges, and was expelled from the ANC in June 2023. Ntlemeza's controversial reign as Hawks chief ended when he was fired from the Hawks by then Minister of Police Fikile Mbalula following a High Court ruling that Ntlemeza lacked integrity and was not fit to hold public office, after lying under oath in a matter about previous head Shadrack Sibiya.

ACT intended to contest the 2024 elections but failed to submit all of its lists in time, and will only be appearing in certain regions.

In January 2024, Magashule announced a "united front" and "amalgamation" between his party and the uMkhonto we Sizwe Party.

Premier of the Free State
The premier of the Free State is the  head of government of the Free State province of South Africa. The current premier of the Free State is Maqueen Letsoha-Mathae, who was elected on 14 June 2024. She is a member of the African National Congress.
Tamāra Zitcere
Tamāra Zitcere (December 2, 1947 – July 25, 2014) was a Latvian scientist, Holocaust researcher and teacher. She is one of the first people in Latvia to compile the lists of victims of the Holocaust, the Riga Ghetto's List, and the list of victims of the Riga War.

Latvians
Latvians (Latvian: latvieši) are a Baltic ethnic group and nation native to Latvia and the immediate geographical region, the Baltics. They are occasionally also referred to as Letts, especially in older bibliography. Latvians share a common Latvian language, culture, history and ancestry.
Chaudhry Mehmood Bashir
Chaudhry Mahmood Bashir Virk (Urdu: چوہدری محمود بشیر ورک; born 25 December 1937) is a Pakistani politician who has been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan since February 2024 and previously served in this position from August 2018 till August 2023. Previously, he was a member of the National Assembly from 1997 to 1999 and again from March 2008 to May 2018.

He served as Federal Minister for Law and Justice, in Abbasi cabinet from January 2018 to May 2018.

His parents, Bashir Ahmed Virk and Amna Bibi, gave refuge to the family of Capt (retd.) Ajit Singh Butalia at Lahore in 1947.

Abbasi government
The Abbasi government was formed by Shahid Khaqan Abbasi on 4 August 2017 to begin a new government following the disqualification  of former Prime Minister of Pakistan Nawaz Sharif until the end of May 2018 when justice Nasirul Mulk took oath as new caretaker prime minister. The government, a Pakistan Muslim League (N) majority government, succeeded the third Nawaz Sharif government, which was formed following the 2013 general election and had dissolved in the July 2017 after  Nawaz Sharif was disqualification by the Supreme Court of Pakistan to hold the office of Prime Minister.

The government retained relatively the same cabinet as the one prior, composed mostly of Pakistan Muslim League (N) politicians, while continuing the policies of the previous Prime minister, Nawaz Sharif, while still making policy changes.
Ichnos (journal)
Ichnos: An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering ichnology, a subfield of paleontology. It deals with research on plant and animal traces; tracemaking organism ethology/ecology, biogenic processes, sediment dynamics/diagenesis, stratigraphy and biogeochemistry. It is published by Taylor & Francis.

Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the study of rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification). It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks.
Stratigraphy has three related subfields: lithostratigraphy (lithologic stratigraphy), biostratigraphy (biologic stratigraphy), and chronostratigraphy (stratigraphy by age).

Several principles and laws come into play when using stratigraphy such as Principle of original horizontality, Law of superposition, Cross-cutting relationships, Principle of inclusions, Principle of faunal succession.
Kim Daeseong
Kim Daeseong (Korean: 김대성; Hanja: 金大城; 700–774) was a chief minister of Silla during the reign of King Seongdeok in the Unified Silla period.  He was the son of a previous chief minister, Kim Mullyang (김문량, 金文亮).  He is credited with the establishment of the famed Bulguksa temple and Seokguram shrine in Gyeongju.

The Samguk Yusa relates a tale that Kim Daeseong was the reincarnation of the child of a pious but poor woman who offered up a field which she had worked long and hard to buy.  He is said to have built Bulguksa in memory of his parents of the current life, and Seokguram in memory of his parents in the former life.

Seongdeok of Silla
Seongdeok Daewang (Korean: 성덕왕; reigned 702–737) was the thirty-third king of the ancient Korean kingdom of Silla. He was the second son of King Sinmun and the younger brother of King Hyoso.

In 704 Seongdeok married Lady Baeso (posthumous Queen Seongjeong), a daughter of Kim Wontae; their son Junggyeong was named Crown Prince in 715. In 716 Seongjeong was dismissed from the palace, and Junggyeong died the following year. In 720 Seongdeok married Queen Sodeok, daughter of the minister Kim Sun-won; their sons included future kings Hyoseong and Gyeongdeok.
Sunderbruch Park
Sunderbruch Park is a 134-acre (0.54 km2) park located in the west end of Davenport, Iowa, United States.  The park is largely undeveloped and consists of three different trail systems: hiking, off-road biking and equestrian. The off-road biking trails includes difficulty ranging from green to black diamond in its seven miles (11 km) system.   The green trails are two miles (3.2 km) of wooded scenery.  It features a few small log crossings, one ladder bridge and one corduroy feature. The blue trails provide moderate changes in elevation, some rooted and off-camber terrain and a variety of corduroy sections and log crossings. The black trails have more challenging ascents and descents in elevation, creek crossings, narrow winding trails, roots, skinnies, drops and multiple log crossings. In addition to the biking trails there are also 4.5 miles (7.2 km) of equestrian trails.

Cant (road and rail)
The cant of a railway track or camber of a road (also referred to as superelevation, cross slope, cross fall, or difference in crosslevel) is the difference in elevation (height) between the two rails or edges of the road. This is normally greater where the railway or road is curved; raising the outer rail or the outer edge of the road creates a banked turn, thus allowing vehicles to travel round the curve at greater speeds than would be possible if the surface were level.
Durham Plant-Name Glossary
The Durham Plant-Name Glossary (MS Durham, Cathedral Library, Hunter 100) is a glossary translating Latin and Greek plant-names into Old English/Middle English. It was copied in Durham in the early twelfth century. Its principal sources were Greek-Latin-Old English plant-name glossary whose lemmata come from Dioscorides’s De materia medica, which also contributed lemmata and glosses to the Épinal-Erfurt glossaries, and those entries in the Old English Herbarium which translate Latin plant-names with vernacular plant-names. A text very like the Durham Plant-Name Glossary was one major source of the more extensive Laud Herbal Glossary.

Pseudo-Apuleius
Pseudo-Apuleius is the name given in modern scholarship to the author of a 4th-century herbal known as Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarius or Herbarium Apuleii Platonici. The author of the text apparently wished readers to think that it was by Apuleius of Madaura (124–170 CE), the Roman poet and philosopher, but modern scholars do not believe this attribution. Little or nothing else is known of Pseudo-Apuleius.

The oldest surviving manuscript of the Herbarium is the 6th-century Leiden, MS. Voss. Q.9. Until the 12th century it was the most influential herbal in Europe, with numerous extant copies surviving into the modern era, along with several copies of an Old English translation. Thereafter, it was more or less displaced by the Circa instans, a herbal produced at the school of Salerno. "Pseudo-Apuleius" is also used as a shorthand generic term to refer to the manuscripts and derived works.