hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Konstantinos Maleas
Konstantinos Maleas (Κωνσταντίνος Μαλέας) (Constantinople, 1879 - Athens, 1928) was one of the most important Post-Impressionist Greek painters of the 20th century. Along with Konstantinos Parthenis, he is sometimes considered Greece's most important modern artist.

Munich school
The Munich school (Greek: Σχολή του Μονάχου) is a group of painters who worked in Munich or were trained at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of Munich (German: Münchner Akademie der Bildenden Künste) between 1850 and 1918. In the second half of the 19th century the Academy became one of the most important institutions in Europe for training artists and attracted students from across Europe and the United States.
Jonathan S. Turner
Jonathan Shields Turner is a senior professor of Computer Science in the McKelvey School of Engineering at Washington University in St. Louis. His research interests include the design and analysis of high performance routers and switching systems, extensible communication networks via overlay networks, and probabilistic performance of heuristic algorithms for NP-complete problems.

Heuristic (computer science)
In mathematical optimization and computer science, heuristic (from Greek εὑρίσκω eurísko "I find, discover") is a technique designed for problem solving more quickly when classic methods are too slow for finding an exact or approximate solution, or when classic methods fail to find any exact solution in a search space.  This is achieved by trading optimality, completeness, accuracy, or precision for speed.  In a way, it can be considered a shortcut.

A heuristic function, also simply called a heuristic, is a function that ranks alternatives in search algorithms at each branching step based on available information to decide which branch to follow. For example, it may approximate the exact solution.
Soldan family
The House of Soldan (also spelled Söldán, Șoldan) was an old noble family in medieval Moldavia. In the 16th and 17th centuries, members of the family assumed important offices within the princely chancellery of the Principality.

Șoldănești
Șoldănești (Romanian pronunciation: [ʃoldəˈneʃtʲ]) is a city in Moldova. It is the capital of Șoldănești District. Known as Chernenko during the communist era, the town regained its historical name in the early 1980s.
Ripon and Pateley Bridge Rural District
Ripon and Pateley Bridge was a rural district in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England from 1937 to 1974.

It was created in 1937 by a County Review Order, by a merger of the Ripon Rural District and the Pateley Bridge Rural District.  The rural district included most of Nidderdale, and villages surrounding and to the west of Ripon.  The city of Ripon itself had its own local government.

The district was abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, being merged with other districts to form the Harrogate district of North Yorkshire.

Local Government Act 1929
The Local Government Act 1929 (19 & 20 Geo. 5. c. 17) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that made changes to the Poor Law and local government in England and Wales.

The act abolished the system of poor law unions in England and Wales and their boards of guardians, transferring their powers to local authorities. It also gave county councils increased powers over highways, and made provisions for the restructuring of urban and rural districts as more efficient local government areas.
Beautiful (10 Years song)
"Beautiful" is a song written and recorded by American alternative metal band 10 Years for their fourth studio album, Division, which is their second major release under Universal Records. It was released as the album's first single to iTunes and rock radio outlets in 2008.

10 Years (band)
10 Years is an American alternative metal band formed in Knoxville, Tennessee, in 1999. The band consists of lead vocalist Jesse Hasek, lead guitarist Brian Vodinh, rhythm guitarist Matt Wantland, and bassist Chad Grennor.  The group has gone through multiple line-up changes since their inception, with Vodinh and Wantland being the only remaining founding members. To date, they have released 10 studio albums, their most recent being Deconstructed in 2022. In 2024, they released an EP titled Inner Darkness and the full album has been announced to release in 2025.
Freddy DeMann
Frederick DeMann is a film producer, music executive, and co-founder of Maverick Records.

During his music career, he managed Michael Jackson, Madonna and Shakira. During DeMann's tenure, Michael Jackson's albums Off the Wall and Thriller were recorded and released. DeMann managed Madonna from 1983 through 1997. He is also the former manager of Lionel Richie and Billy Idol, among others. After selling his interest in Maverick in 1999, he managed Shakira.

As a producer, he bought the rights to the book The Life and Death of Peter Sellers and turned it into a movie for HBO, which earned nine Emmy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards.

Broadway productions include Proof, Topdog/Underdog, Take Me Out, Dear Evan Hansen and Spring Awakening; each play won the Tony Award, Pulitzer Prize, or both. Also: West Side Story, and A Chorus Line.

Spring Awakening (play)
Spring Awakening (German: Frühlings Erwachen) (also translated as Spring's Awakening and The Awakening of Spring) is the German dramatist Frank Wedekind's first major play and a foundational work in the modern history of theatre. It was written sometime between autumn 1890 and spring 1891, but did not receive its first performance until 20 November 1906 when it premiered at the Deutsches Theater in Berlin under the direction of Max Reinhardt. It carries the sub-title A Children's Tragedy. The play criticises perceived problems in the sexually oppressive culture of nineteenth century (Fin de siècle) Germany and offers a vivid dramatisation of the erotic fantasies that can breed in such an environment. Due to its controversial subject matter, the play has often been banned or censored.
Shire of Cuballing
The Shire of Cuballing is a local government area in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia. Cuballing is located 15.1 kilometres (9 mi) north of the town of Narrogin and 192 kilometres (119 mi) southeast of the capital, Perth. The Shire covers an area of 1,195 square kilometres (461 sq mi) and its seat of government is the small town of Cuballing.

Over 10% of its area contains native dryandra forests. The economy, worth approximately $20 million per year to the state economy, is based on agriculture, with cereal grains, sheep and pig farming  being the main activities.

Narrogin
Narrogin is a town in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia, 192 kilometres (119 mi) southeast of Perth on the Great Southern Highway between Pingelly and Wagin. In the age of steam engines, Narrogin was one of the largest railway operation hubs in the southern part of Western Australia.
Przechowo
Przechowo is a district of Świecie, located in the west of the town. The population is over 4,000 residents. The town's main industrial plants of Mondi (paper industry), the Provimi dairy, and brickworks are located here.

Mondi
Mondi plc is a multinational packaging and paper group. The company is based in Weybridge, England. It has listings on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange and the London Stock Exchange as a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.
German tanker Spichern
Spichern was a motor tanker that was built in Denmark for Norwegian owners and launched in 1935 as Krossfonn. In 1940 the German navy captured her, renamed her Spichern and converted her into an oiler. In 1944 she was damaged in an air raid and then scuttled.

Spichern was raised in 1947, rebuilt, renamed Ringfjell and returned to Norwegian merchant service in 1949. She was converted into a bulk carrier in 1955, renamed Ringsaker in 1961 and scrapped in 1964.

Motor ship
A motor ship or motor vessel is a ship that is propelled by an internal combustion engine, usually a diesel engine. The names of motor ships are often prefixed with MS, M/S, MV or M/V.

Engines for motorships were developed during the 1890s, and by the early 20th century, motorships began to cross the waters.
Supervisory program
A supervisory program or supervisor is a computer program that is usually referred as an operating system. It controls the execution of other routines such as regulating work schedules, input/output operations, and error actions.

Historically, this term was essentially associated with IBM's line of mainframe operating systems starting with OS/360. In other operating systems, the supervisor is generally called the kernel.

Mainframe computer
A mainframe computer, informally called a mainframe, maxicomputer, or big iron, is a computer used primarily by large organizations for critical applications like bulk data processing for tasks such as censuses, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and large-scale transaction processing. A mainframe computer is large but not as large as a supercomputer and has more processing power than some other classes of computers, such as minicomputers, workstations, and personal computers. Most large-scale computer-system architectures were established in the 1960s, but they continue to evolve. Mainframe computers are often used as servers.

The term mainframe was derived from the large cabinet, called a main frame, that housed the central processing unit and main memory of early computers. Later, the term mainframe was used to distinguish high-end commercial computers from less powerful machines.
Jericho High School
Jericho Senior High School (JHS) is an American comprehensive public high school in the hamlet of Jericho in Nassau County, New York.  It is the only high school in the Jericho Union Free School District. Jericho High School is nationally renowned as a top-performing public high school, and as of 2024 it was  ranked #104 in the United States by U.S. News and World Report, the highest ranking for any non-charter, non-magnet suburban high school in the country. The school opened in 1959.

As of the 2022–2023 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,195 students and 104 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.5:1. There were 155 students (13% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch.

Comprehensive high school
Comprehensive high schools are the most widely adopted form of public high schools around the world, designed to provide a well-rounded education to its students. The typical comprehensive high school offers more than one course program of specialization to its students. Comprehensive high schools generally offer a college preparatory course program and one or more foreign language, scientific or vocational course programs. Alternatively, in some educational systems examinations are used to sort students into different high schools for different populations. Other types of high schools specialize in university-preparatory school academic preparation, remedial instruction, or vocational instruction.
Kotagala Electoral District
Kotagala electoral district was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between August 1947 and March 1960. The district was named after the town of Kotagala in Nuwara Eliya District, Central Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Kotagala electoral district was replaced by the Nuwara Eliya multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections, the first under the proportional representation system.

Elections in Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka elects on the national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. Sri Lanka has a multi-party system, with two dominant political parties. All elections are administered by the Election Commission of Sri Lanka.
Royal Irish Institution
The Royal Irish Institution (RII) was a Dublin-based art institution established in 1813 to encourage the displaying of fine arts in Ireland.

One object was to  start an academy in Dublin resulting in the establishment of the Royal Hibernian Academy in 1823 and a gallery was opened in 1829 where old masters could be exhibited.

Old Master
In art history, "Old Master" (or "old master") refers to any painter of skill who worked in Europe before about 1800, or a painting by such an artist. An "old master print" is an original print (for example an engraving, woodcut, or etching) made by an artist in the same period. The term "old master drawing" is used in the same way.

In theory, "Old Master" applies only to artists who were fully trained, were Masters of their local artists' guild, and worked independently, but in practice, paintings produced by pupils or workshops are often included in the scope of the term. Therefore, beyond a certain level of competence, date rather than quality is the criterion for using the term.
Colicin
A colicin is a type of bacteriocin produced by and toxic to some strains of Escherichia coli. Colicins are released into the environment to reduce competition from other bacterial strains. Colicins bind to outer membrane receptors, using them to translocate to the cytoplasm or cytoplasmic membrane, where they exert their cytotoxic effect, including depolarisation of the cytoplasmic membrane, DNase activity, RNase activity, or inhibition of murein synthesis.

Ribonuclease
Ribonuclease (commonly abbreviated RNase) is a type of nuclease that catalyzes the degradation of RNA into smaller components.  Ribonucleases can be divided into endoribonucleases and exoribonucleases, and comprise several sub-classes within the EC 2.7 (for the phosphorolytic enzymes) and 3.1 (for the hydrolytic enzymes) classes of enzymes.
George F. Good Jr.
George Franklin Good Jr. (September 16, 1901 – October 25, 1991) was a decorated officer of the United States Marine Corps with the rank of lieutenant general. Good is most noted for his service as commander of the Marine Defense Force of Funafuti during World War II and later as commanding general of Department of the Pacific.

"V" device
A "V" device is a metal 1⁄4-inch (6.4 mm) capital letter "V" with serifs which, when worn on certain decorations awarded by the United States Armed Forces, distinguishes a decoration awarded for combat valor or heroism from the same decoration being awarded for a member's actions under circumstances other than combat.

The decorations with which a "V" may be authorized differ among the military services, as well as the manner in which the "V" is worn and the name by which it is referred to. Until 2017, each service also used different criteria in determining whether a "V" could be authorized.
Johanna Narten
Johanna "Jo" Narten (5 October 1930 – 15 July 2019), was a German Indo-Europeanist and Indo-Iranian linguist who discovered the reconstructed morphological category in Proto-Indo-European now known as the Narten present. She was Professor of Indo-European and Indo-Iranian Linguistics at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and a member of the Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften.

Yasna Haptanghaiti
The Yasna Haptanghaiti (Yasna Haptaŋhāiti) (YH), Avestan for "Worship in Seven Chapters," is a set of seven hymns within the greater Yasna collection, the primary liturgical texts of the Zoroastrian Avesta. It is generally believed that the YH spans Yasna 35.2- or 35.3–41.
Clay Rapada
Clayton Anthony Rapada (born March 9, 1981) is an American former professional baseball relief pitcher and coach. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago Cubs, Detroit Tigers, Texas Rangers, Baltimore Orioles, New York Yankees, and Cleveland Indians.

He has appeared in 152 major league games (none of which he started), but has pitched only 93 innings in that time, averaging about 2⁄3 of an inning per appearance. He does, however, hold a unique major league record; he has a career win-loss record of 8–0 for a winning percentage of 1.000. This marks the most wins for a pitcher without ever being charged with a loss.

Rapada coached in the San Francisco Giants minor league system from 2016 to 2021.

Winning percentage
In sports, a winning percentage or Copeland score is the fraction of games or matches a team or individual has won. The statistic is commonly used in standings or rankings to compare teams or individuals. It is defined as wins divided by the total number of matches played (i.e. wins plus draws plus losses). A draw counts as a 1⁄2 win.
Stripe-breasted seedeater
The stripe-breasted seedeater (Crithagra striatipectus) is a species of finch in the family Fringillidae.
It is native to Sudan, Ethiopia, and Kenya.

The stripe-breasted seedeater was formerly conspecific with Reichard's seedeater (Crithagra reichardi), but was split as a distinct species by the IOC in 2021.

International Ornithologists' Union
The International Ornithologists' Union (IOU) is an international organization for the promotion of ornithology. It links basic and applied research and nurtures education and outreach activities. Specifically, the IOU organizes and funds global congresses on ornithology at regular intervals, sets up and supports commissions and committees on various aspects of avian biology and conservation, and initiates and backs other international ornithological activities with specific aims consistent with its own mission and goal. It discloses the names and professional affiliations of its members on its website to encourage international collaboration and networking. The IOU acts as the Ornithology Section of the IUBS.
Allan Percival
W. Allan Percival (1923 – c. 1985) was a Canadian cricketer.  He was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper.  As with his exact date of birth being unknown, it is also unknown where in Canada he was born.

Percival made his first-class debut for Canada in 1951 at the Toronto Cricket, Skating and Curling Club against the touring Marylebone Cricket Club.  Later, in 1954 he played four first-class matches against English county opponents during Canada's tour of England.  This included his final first-class appearance, which came against Yorkshire at North Marine Road Ground, Scarborough during Canada's 1954 tour of England. In his five career first-class matches, he scored 61 runs at a batting average of 8.71, with a high score of 23.  Behind the stumps he took 9 catches and made a single stumping. In Canada, he played numerous non-notable matches, including ones for Ontario between 1948 and 1952.

He died in Toronto, Ontario c. 1985.

County cricket
Inter-county cricket matches have been played since the early 18th century, involving teams that are representative of the historic counties of England and Wales.

Two county championship competitions have existed since the late 19th century at different levels: the County Championship, a first-class competition which involves 18 clubs, of which 17 are English and one is from Wales; and the National Counties Championship, with 19 English clubs and one club representing several Welsh counties.

County clubs have also played limited-overs competitions since the 1960s. The first edition of the Gillette Cup in 1963 was the world's first List A cricket tournament. The Sunday League existed from 1969 to 2009, mostly as a 40-overs-per-side league. The 2003 Twenty20 Cup was the world's first Twenty20 tournament. Currently, the main limited-overs county competitions are the One-Day Cup, Women's One-Day Cup, T20 Blast and Women's T20 Blast.
T. K. Alex
Thekkethil Kochandy Alex is an Indian space scientist. He was the director of the ISRO Satellite Centre (ISAC) of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)  (2008–2012) and Member, Space Commission. He specialized in electro-optic systems and satellite technology. Starting with the first Indian satellite Aryabhata, he has been responsible for the sensor systems in all the Indian satellites. Under his leadership the Laboratory for Electro Optics Systems (LEOS) was established in 1993 and from the inception he was its director till 2008. He was conferred "Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Distinguished Professorship" in 2011.

Aryabhata (satellite)
Aryabhata was India's first satellite, named after the astronomer of the same name. It was launched on 19 April 1975 from Kapustin Yar, a Soviet rocket launch and development site in Astrakhan Oblast using a Kosmos-3M launch vehicle. It was built by ISRO and launched by the Soviet Union as a part of the Soviet Interkosmos programme which provided access to space for friendly states.
Landsmannschaft Zaringia Heidelberg
The Landsmannschaft Zaringia Heidelberg is a German fraternity – not to be confused with the American variety – situated in Heidelberg, a university city in south-western Germany. It is a brotherhood of students and alumni mainly of University of Heidelberg, with membership being a lifelong commitment.

Southern Germany
Southern Germany (German: Süddeutschland, [ˈzyːtˌdɔʏtʃlant] ⓘ) is a region of Germany that includes the areas in which Upper German dialects are spoken, which includes the stem duchies of Bavaria and Swabia in present-day Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg, and the southern portion of Hesse and Rhineland-Palatinate that were part of the Duchy of Franconia. These regions are a genetic mix of Gallo-Roman and later Germanic peoples such as the Suebi,  Franks, and Alemanni.

German-speaking Switzerland, Austria, Liechtenstein, Alsace, and South Tyrol are also historically, culturally, and linguistically associated with the region.
Kalands Brethren
The Kalands Brethren (Kalandbrüder in German, Fratres Calendarii in Latin) were Catholic religious and charitable associations of priests and laymen. They held regular meetings for religious edification and instruction, and also to encourage works of charity and prayers for the dead.

Especially numerous in Northern and Central Germany, the Kaland confraternities spread to Denmark, Norway, Hungary, and France. They began in the early thirteenth century, flourished in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, and were largely abolished in the Reformation.

Confraternity
A confraternity (Spanish: cofradía; Portuguese: confraria) is generally a Christian voluntary association of laypeople created for the purpose of promoting special works of Christian charity or piety, and approved by the Church hierarchy. They are most common among Catholics, Lutherans, Anglicans, and the Western Orthodox. When a Catholic confraternity has received the authority to aggregate to itself groups erected in other localities, it is called an archconfraternity. Examples include the various confraternities of penitents and the confraternities of the cord, as well as the Confraternity of the Holy Guardian Angels and the Confraternity of the Rosary.

Confraternities were "the most sweeping and ubiquitous movement of the central and later Middle Ages".
Kraskovo
Kraskovo (Russian: Красково) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Kraskovo, Moscow Oblast, a suburban (dacha) settlement in Lyuberetsky District of Moscow Oblast

Rural localities

Kraskovo, Ivanovo Oblast, a village in Gavrilovo-Posadsky District of Ivanovo Oblast

Kraskovo, Kostroma Oblast, a village in Manturovsky District of Kostroma Oblast

Kraskovo, name of several other rural localities

Kraskovo, Moscow Oblast
Kraskovo (Russian: Краско́во) is an urban locality (a suburban (dacha) settlement) in Lyuberetsky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia.  Population:  21,250 (2010 Census); 11,930 (2002 Census); 13,806 (1989 Soviet census). Its elevation is 421 meters (1,381 ft) above sea level. Dialing code: +7 495 (formerly +7 095).