hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Applicative voice
The applicative voice (/əˈplɪkətɪv/; abbreviated APL or APPL) is a grammatical voice that promotes an oblique argument of a verb to the core object argument. It is generally considered a valency-increasing morpheme. The applicative is often found in agglutinative languages, such as the Bantu languages and Austronesian languages. Other examples include Nuxalk, Ubykh, and Ainu.

Past tense
The past tense is a grammatical tense whose function is to place an action or situation in the past. Examples of verbs in the past tense include the English verbs sang, went and washed. Most languages have a past tense, with some having several types in order to indicate how far back the action took place. Some languages have a compound past tense which uses auxiliary verbs as well as an imperfect tense which expresses continuous or repetitive events or actions. Some languages inflect the verb, which changes the ending to indicate the past tense, while non-inflected languages may use other words meaning, for example, "yesterday" or "last week" to indicate that something took place in the past.
Concerto for Flute, Strings, and Percussion
Concerto for Flute, Strings and Percussion is a 1998 musical composition by Melinda Wagner, who was awarded the 1999 Pulitzer Prize for Music for the work. A concerto for flute and orchestra, it was commissioned by the Westchester Philharmonic Orchestra, who premiered it May 30, 1998, for flutist and conductor Paul Lustig Dunkel. The Pulitzer Prize Music Jury found the work notable for the piece's flute solo and integration of the orchestral accompaniment. Wagner's victory was a unanimous decision by the jury.

Containing strings, percussion, keyboards, celeste, and harp while omitting brass and woodwinds, the ensemble is similar to that of Bartók's Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta. The piece contains three movements: sonata-allegro, lullaby, and rondo.

A piano reduction of the work, published by Theodore Presser Company, was created by Scottish-American composer, Jennifer Margaret Barker.

Lullaby
A lullaby (/ˈlʌləbaɪ/), or a cradle song, is a soothing song or piece of music that is usually played for (or sung to) children (for adults see music and sleep). The purposes of lullabies vary. In some societies, they are used to pass down cultural knowledge or tradition. In addition, lullabies are often used for the developing of communication skills, indication of emotional intent, maintenance of infants' undivided attention, modulation of infants' arousal, and regulation of behavior. Perhaps one of the most important uses of lullabies is as a sleep aid for infants. As a result, the music is often simple and repetitive. Lullabies can be found in many countries, and have existed since ancient times.
California Academy of Sciences
The California Academy of Sciences is a research institute and natural history museum in San Francisco, California, that is among the largest museums of natural history in the world, housing over 46 million specimens. The academy began in 1853 as a learned society and still carries out a large amount of original research. The institution is located in Golden Gate Park on the West Side of San Francisco.

Completely rebuilt in 2008, the academy's primary building in Golden Gate Park covers 400,000 square feet (37,000 m2). In early 2020, before the COVID-19 pandemic, the California Academy of Sciences had around 500 employees and an annual revenue of about $33 million.

Natural history museum
A natural history museum or museum of natural history is a scientific institution with natural history collections that include current and historical records of animals, plants, fungi, ecosystems, geology, paleontology, climatology, and more.
Cosmopterix orichalcea
Cosmopterix orichalcea is a moth of the family Cosmopterigidae. It is known from most of Europe (except the Balkan Peninsula) east to Japan.

The wingspan is about 9 mm. The antennae with  apex and two subapical rings white. Forewings black; a large brassy-metallic basal patch, edge very oblique; a broad orange fascia beyond middle, narrowed dorsally, edged with black scales and then with narrow violet-golden-metallic fasciae; a bluish-silvery-metallic sometimes interrupted streak along upper. The larva is pale yellow; dorsal line greenish; head black plate of 2 black, bisected.

Adults are on wing from August to May. Then the larva hibernates outside of the mine in a hibernaculum.

The larvae feed on Anthoxanthum odoratum, Festuca arundinacea, Hierochloe odorata, Milium species, Phalaris arundinacea and Phragmites australis. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Phragmites australis
Phragmites australis, known as the common reed, is a species of flowering plant in the grass family Poaceae. It is a wetland grass that can grow up to 20 feet (6 metres) tall and has a cosmopolitan distribution worldwide.
Chauveau
Chauveau is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexandre Chauveau (1847–1916), lawyer, judge and educator

Auguste Chauveau (1827–1917), professor and veterinarian

Claude François Chauveau-Lagarde (1756–1841), lawyer in Paris

Claude Chauveau (1861–1940), French politician

François Chauveau (1613–1676), French engraver

Jean-Pierre Chauveau (born 1942), a member of the Senate of France

Michel Chauveau (born 1956), French historian and Egyptologist

Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau (1820–1890), the first premier of the Canadian province of Quebec

Sophie Chauveau (born 1999), a French biathlete

Sylvain Chauveau (born 1971), an instrumental music and electronic music artist and composer from Bayonne, France

Yves Chauveau (born 1945), a French retired professional football goalkeeper

Sylvain Chauveau
Sylvain Chauveau (French pronunciation: [silvɛ̃ ʃovo]; born 1971) is an instrumental music and electronic music artist and composer from Bayonne, France. He is committed to the reduction of the ecological impact of the music field.
Motility protein B
Motility protein B also known as MotB is a bacterial protein that is encoded by the motB gene. It's a component of the flagellar motor. More specifically, MotA and MotB makes the stator of a flagellum and surround the rotor as a ring of about 8-10 particles. MotA and MotB are integral membrane proteins.  While both MotA and MotB surround the MS ring, MotB also anchors MotA to cell wall peptidoglycan.  These two proteins form pores that harvest energy for flagellar mechanical movement by proton motive force (PMF) across the membrane.  Cellular metabolic processes such as the electron transport chain move protons outside the cell, creating more protons and more positive charge in the extracellular space.  When the protons flow back into the cell through MotA and MotB along concentration and charge gradients, they release energy that is used for flagellar rotation. The speed of the flagellar motor is dependent on the magnitude of the PMF acting on MotA and MotB.

Stator
The stator is the stationary part of a rotary system, found in electric generators, electric motors, sirens, mud motors, or biological rotors (such as bacterial flagella or ATP synthase). Energy flows through a stator to or from the rotating component of the system, the rotor. In an electric motor, the stator provides a magnetic field that drives the rotating armature; in a generator, the stator converts the rotating magnetic field to electric current. In fluid powered devices, the stator guides the flow of fluid to or from the rotating part of the system.
Sutherland railway station
Sutherland railway station is a suburban railway station located on the South Coast line, serving the Sydney suburb of Sutherland. It is served by Sydney Trains T4 Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra Line services and intercity South Coast Line services.

South Coast Line
The South Coast Line (SCO) is an intercity rail service that services the Illawarra and South Coast regions of New South Wales, Australia. The service runs from Central in Sydney, and runs the entire length of the eponymous South Coast railway line to Bomaderry. The service also runs along the Eastern Suburbs railway line at peak hours and weekends only, and the Port Kembla railway line to Port Kembla. It is operated with Oscar H sets, with Endeavour railcar N sets operating the service on the non-electrified section between Kiama and Bomaderry.

Passenger trains first operated on the South Coast railway line in 1887, and is one of five routes on the Sydney Trains Intercity network. The South Coast Line routes span 40 stations, across 159 km (99 mi) of railway. An additional 5 stations and 7 km (4.3 mi) of railway are travelled by South Coast Line trains at peak hour on the Eastern Suburbs railway line.
Rhodacmea filosa
Rhodacmea filosa, the wicker ancylid, is a species of small, air-breathing, freshwater snail or limpet, a pulmonate gastropod in the family Planorbidae.

Rhodacmea filosa is the type species of the genus Rhodacmea.

Limpet
Limpets are a group of aquatic snails with a conical shell shape (patelliform) and a strong, muscular foot. This general category of conical shell is known as "patelliform" (dish-shaped). Existing within the class Gastropoda, limpets are a polyphyletic group (its members descending from different immediate ancestors).

All species of Patellogastropoda are limpets, with the Patellidae family in particular often referred to as "true limpets". Examples of other clades commonly referred to as limpets include the Vetigastropoda family Fissurellidae ("keyhole limpet"), which use a siphon to pump water over their gills, and the Siphonariidae ("false limpets"), which have a pneumostome for breathing air like the majority of terrestrial Gastropoda.
Mount Lofty
Mount Lofty (34°58′S 138°42′E﻿ / ﻿34.967°S 138.700°E﻿ / -34.967; 138.700, elevation 710 m (2,330 ft) AHD) is the highest point in the southern Mount Lofty Ranges. It is located about 15 km (9.3 mi) east of the Adelaide city centre, within the Cleland National Park in the Adelaide Hills area of South Australia.

The mountain's summit has panoramic views of the city and the Adelaide plains to the west, and of the Picadilly Valley to the east. It is also popular destination for international tourists, as well as for cyclists coming up the old Mount Barker Road through Eagle on the Hill, and for walkers from Waterfall Gully. During winter, hail and sleet regularly occur on the mountain, and occasionally small dustings of light snow.

Eagle On The Hill, South Australia
Eagle On The Hill is an unbounded locality in the Australian state of South Australia located in the suburb of Crafers West on the western face of the Adelaide Hills overlooking the Adelaide metropolitan area. It is located on Mount Barker Road, which was formerly the connection from Adelaide to the South Eastern Freeway.
Linaria almadensis
Linaria almadensis is a species of toadflax in the plantain family Plantaginaceae, endemic to Portugal, specifically the coastal cliffs of Almada, (from where the species name comes) south of Lisbon. First described in 2026 by João Farminhão, it inhabits a very restricted area spanning only the sandy walls close to carbonate rocks in the cliffs pointed to the Tagus river with samples collected from rocks close to the Cristo Rei monument.

Christ the King (Almada)
The Sanctuary of Christ the King (Portuguese: Santuário de Cristo Rei) is a Catholic monument and shrine dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus Christ overlooking the city of Lisbon situated in Almada, in Portugal. It was inspired by the Christ the Redeemer statue of Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil, after the Cardinal Patriarch of Lisbon visited that monument. The project was inaugurated on 17 May 1959. The giant statue was erected to express gratitude because the Portuguese were spared the direct destructive effects of World War II.
Martell Mallett
Martell Mallett (born May 13, 1986) is an American former professional football running back. He was signed by the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League (CFL) as a street free agent in 2009. He played college football at Arkansas at Pine Bluff.

Mallett was also a member of the Cleveland Browns, Philadelphia Eagles, New York Giants, Hamilton Tiger-Cats, and Calgary Stampeders.

Arkansas–Pine Bluff Golden Lions
The Arkansas–Pine Bluff Golden Lions  (also UAPB) represent the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff in Pine Bluff, Arkansas in intercollegiate athletics. They field sixteen teams including men and women's basketball, cross country, tennis, and indoor and outdoor track and field; women's-only softball, volleyball, and soccer; and men's-only baseball, football, and golf. The Golden Lions and Lady Lions compete in NCAA Division I and are members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference. Until 1972, the athletic program was known as the Arkansas AM&N Golden Lions.
Darya Petrovna Saltykova
Countess Darya Petrovna Saltykova (Russian: Дарья Петровна Салтыкова; née Chernyshyova/Chernysheva (Чернышёва); September 20, 1739 – December 23, 1802) was a Russian lady-in-waiting, socialite and noble and Dame of the Order of St. Catherine's first degree. She was the sister of the lady in waiting Princess Nataliya Petrovna Chernysheva, and in 1769 married to Field Marshal Count Ivan Petrovich Saltykov.

Socialite
A socialite is a person, typically a woman from a wealthy or aristocratic background, who is prominent in high society. A socialite generally spends a significant amount of time attending various fashionable social gatherings, instead of having traditional employment.
23rd World Scout Jamboree
The 23rd World Scout Jamboree (Japanese: 第23回世界スカウトジャンボリー, Hepburn: dai-nijūsan-kai sekai sukauto jamborii) took place in Kirarahama, Yamaguchi in western Japan from 28 July to 8 August 2015. The event was attended by 33,628 Scouts and leaders (including 7,979 International Service Team (IST) members who served as volunteer staff). The theme was 和 Wa: A Spirit of Unity. The kanji 和, meaning harmony, unity or togetherness, was part of the theme. Wa is also an early name for Japan.

Wa (name of Japan)
Wa is the oldest attested name of Japan and ethnonym of the Japanese people. From c. the 2nd century AD Chinese and Korean scribes used the Chinese character 倭; 'submissive'', ''distant'', ''dwarf' to refer to the various inhabitants of the Japanese archipelago, although it might have been just used to transcribe the phonetic value of a Japonic ethnonym with a respectively differing semantic connotation. In the 8th century, the Japanese started using the character 和, wa, 'harmony', 'peace', 'balance' instead due to the offensive nature of the former.
Thirkleby, Kirby Grindalythe
Thirkleby is a hamlet in the civil parish of Kirby Grindalythe, in North Yorkshire, England. Roger of Thirkleby (died 1260), a judge and Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, was named after this place.

Thirkleby Manor Farmhouse is a grade II listed building, being an 18th-century red-brick two-storey building altered in the early and middle 19th century. The site of a medieval settlement is adjacent.

Thirkleby was formerly a township in the parish of Kirby-Grindalyth, in 1870–72 the township of Thirkleby had a population of 50 people in 9 houses. In 1866 Thirkleby became a separate civil parish, on 1 April 1935 the parish was abolished and merged with Kirby Grindalythe. In 1931 the parish had a population of 49.

Until 1974 it was in the East Riding of Yorkshire. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the Borough of Scarborough. It is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

Chief Justice of the Common Pleas
The chief justice of the common pleas was the head of the Court of Common Pleas, also known as the Common Bench, which was the second-highest common law court in the English legal system until 1875, when it, along with the other two common law courts and the equity and probate courts, became part of the High Court of Justice. As such, the chief justice of the Common Pleas was one of the highest judicial officials in England, behind only the lord high chancellor and the Lord Chief Justice of England, who headed the King's Bench (Queen's when the monarch was female).
The Congress of Erfurt
The Congress of Erfurt (French: L'entrevue d'Erfurt) is an 1838 history painting by the French artist Nicolas Gosse. It depicts the Congress of Erfurt held in 1808 in the German city of Erfurt during the Napoleonic Wars. It was the second face-to-face meeting between Napoleon and Alexander I of Russia following the Congress of Tilsit in 1807. Specifically it shows the moment when Karl von Vincent, the envoy of the Austrian Empire is received by Napoleon. Alexander is on the right of the picture while Napoleon's advisor on foreign affairs Talleyrand stands behind the table. The Prussian foreign minister August Friedrich Ferdinand von der Goltz is also shown. It was commissioned during the July Monarchy by Louis Philippe I and is today in the Palace of Versailles.

Congress of Erfurt
The Congress of Erfurt was the meeting between Napoleon, Emperor of the French, and Alexander I, Emperor of All Russia, from Tuesday 27 September to Friday 14 October 1808 intended to reaffirm the alliance concluded the previous year with the Treaties of Tilsit which followed the end of the War of the Fourth Coalition.
Mangos (song)
"Mangos" is a 1956 popular song written by composer Dee Libbey and lyricist Sid Wayne.

It was first introduced in the musical revue Ziegfeld Follies 1957.

It was recorded by Rosemary Clooney, and is a follow-on to her earlier hit "Come On-a My House" in style and subject matter. The Rosemary Clooney version of the song (released by Columbia Records as catalog number 40835) reached #10 on the Billboard magazine disk jockey charts, and #25 on the overall Billboard Top 100. It also reached #17 on the United Kingdom charts.

Lyricist
A lyricist is a writer who writes lyrics (the spoken words), as opposed to a composer, who writes the song's music which may include (but is not limited to) the melody, harmony, arrangement and accompaniment.
Scotia Sanctuary
Scotia Sanctuary is a 650 km2 (250 mi2) nature reserve in the south-western plains of New South Wales, Australia, adjacent to the border with South Australia.  It is located in the Murray Mallee subregion of the Murray-Darling Depression Bioregion, 150 km (93 mi) south of the city of Broken Hill.  It is owned and managed by the Australian Wildlife Conservancy (AWC).

Murray Mallee
The Murray Mallee is a grain-growing and sheep-farming area in the east of the Australian state of South Australia. The name is not formally designated but is widely used to refer to an area of approximately 20,000 square kilometres (7700 square miles) bounded by the River Murray on its northern and western sides, the Victorian border on its eastern side, and up to about 50 kilometres (30 miles) south of the Mallee Highway.

The formal designated name for approximately the same region is Murraylands.
Mary McGrory
Mary McGrory (August 22, 1918 – April 20, 2004) was an American journalist and columnist. She specialized in American politics, and was noted for her detailed coverage of political maneuverings.  She wrote over 8,000 columns, but no books, and made very few media or lecture appearances.

McGrory was a fierce opponent of the Vietnam War and was placed on Richard Nixon's enemies list. Carlos Lozada wrote in The Washington Post that,

McGrory is what you get when proximity to power, keen observation skills, painstaking reporting, a judgmental streak and passionate liberalism coalesce in a singularly talented writer — one whose abilities are matched by the times.

Columnist
A columnist is a person who writes for publication in a series, creating an article that usually offers commentary and opinions. Columns appear in newspapers, magazines and other publications, including blogs. They take the form of a short essay by a specific writer who offers a personal point of view. Columns are sometimes written by a composite or a team, appearing under a pseudonym, or (in effect) a brand name. Columnists typically write daily or weekly columns. Some columns are later collected and reprinted in book form.
Husnija Bešković
Husnija Bešković (born 3 December 1953) is a Bosniak politician in Kosovo. He was a member of the Assembly of Kosovo in the 2004–07 term and has served as a deputy minister in the government of the Republic of Kosovo.

Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo
The Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo (Albanian: Kuvendi i Republikës së Kosovës; Serbian: Скупштина Републике Косово, Skupština Republike Kosovo), also known as the Kuvendi, is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Kosovo. It is directly elected by the people every four years. It was originally established by the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo in 2001 to provide 'provisional, democratic self-government'. On 17 February 2008, representatives of the people of Kosovo unilaterally declared Kosovo's independence and subsequently adopted the Constitution of Kosovo, which came into effect on 15 June 2008.
324th Rifle Division
The 324th Rifle Division was a standard Soviet infantry division of the Red Army during World War II. It was formed as part of the massive mobilization of August 1941, and first saw action in early December in the counteroffensive west of Moscow. During 1942 and into 1943 it saw limited action on a relatively quiet sector of the front north of Bryansk, before joining a limited offensive in February. During the general offensives of that summer, the division fought in the drive past Smolensk, and made a forced crossing of the upper Dniepr River. The 324th played a limited role in Operation Bagration, but distinguished itself in the fighting in East Prussia in 1945, sufficiently to be awarded the Order of the Red Banner. During the course of the war the men and women of the division served under no fewer than nine commanding officers.

East Prussian offensive
The East Prussian offensive was a strategic offensive by the Soviet Red Army against the German Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front of World War II. It lasted from 13 January to 25 April 1945, though some German units did not surrender until the country did on 9 May. The Battle of Königsberg was a major part of the offensive, which ended in victory for the Red Army.

The East Prussian offensive is known to German historians as the second East Prussian offensive. The first East Prussian offensive (also known as the Gumbinnen Operation), took place from 16 to 27 October 1944, and was carried out by the 3rd Belorussian Front under General  I.D. Chernyakhovsky as part of the Memel offensive of the 1st Baltic Front. The Soviet forces took heavy casualties while penetrating 30–60 km (19–37 mi) into the east-northern part of Poland, and the offensive was postponed until greater reserves could be gathered.
Vizianagaram Assembly constituency
Vizianagaram Assembly constituency is a constituency in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh that elects representatives to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in India. It is one of the seven assembly segments of Vizianagaram Lok Sabha constituency.

Pusapati Aditi Vijayalakshmi is the current MLA of the constituency, having won the 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election from Telugu Desam Party. As of 2019, there are a total of 231,554 electors in the constituency. The constituency was established in 1951, as per the Delimitation Orders (1951).

Telugu Desam Party
The Telugu Desam Party (abbr. TDP; transl. Party of the Telugu Land) is an Indian regional political party primarily active in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. It was founded by Telugu matinée idol N. T. Rama Rao (NTR) on 29 March 1982 and has focused on supporting Telugu people. The party has won a five-time majority in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly and has emerged as the most successful political outfit in the state's history. It is currently the ruling party in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.

From 1 September 1995, the TDP was led by N. T. Rama Rao's son-in-law, Nara Chandra Babu Naidu as the national president of the party. The headquarters of the party is called N. T. R. Bhavan, which is located at Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh.