hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Krusader
Krusader is an advanced orthodox file manager for KDE and other desktops in the Unix world. It is similar to the console-based GNU Midnight Commander, GNOME Commander for the GNOME desktop environment, or Total Commander for Windows, all of which can trace their paradigmatic features to the original Norton Commander for MS-DOS. It supports extensive archive handling, mounted filesystem support, FTP, advanced search, viewer/editor, directory synchronisation, file content comparisons, batch renaming, etc.

It supports the following archive formats: tar, ZIP, bzip2, gzip, RAR, ace, ARJ, LHA, 7z and RPM and can handle other KIO Slaves such as smb or fish.

Krusader is published under GNU GPL-2.0-or-later.

ARJ
ARJ (Archived by Robert Jung) is a software tool designed in 1991 by Robert K. Jung for creating high-efficiency compressed file archives. ARJ is currently on version 2.86 for MS-DOS and 3.31 for Microsoft Windows and supports 16-bit, 32-bit and 64-bit Intel architectures.

ARJ was one of many file compression utilities for MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows during the early and mid-1990s. Parts of ARJ were covered by U.S. patent 5,140,321 (expired). ARJ is well-documented and includes over 150 command line switches.
15th National Geographic Bee
The 15th National Geographic Bee was held in Washington, D.C., on May 21, 2003, sponsored by the National Geographic Society and ING. The final competition was moderated by Jeopardy! host Alex Trebek. The winner was James Williams, a homeschooled student from Vancouver, Washington, who won a $25,000 college scholarship, lifetime membership in the National Geographic Society, and a trip to a Busch Gardens/Sea World Adventure Camp. The 2nd-place winner, Dallas Simons of Martin Luther King Magnet School in Nashville, Tennessee, won a $15,000 scholarship. The 3rd-place winner, Sean Rao of St. Gabriel School in Hubertus, Wisconsin, won a $10,000 scholarship.

Alex Trebek
George Alexander Trebek (/trəˈbɛk/; July 22, 1940 – November 8, 2020) was a Canadian and American game show host and television personality. Regarded as a pop culture icon, he was best known for hosting the syndicated quiz show Jeopardy! for 37 seasons from its revival in 1984 until his death in 2020. Trebek also hosted a number of other game shows, including The Wizard of Odds, Double Dare, High Rollers, Battlestars, Classic Concentration, and To Tell the Truth. He made appearances, usually as himself, in numerous films and television series.

A native of Canada, Trebek became a naturalized American citizen in 1998. For his work on Jeopardy!, Trebek received the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Game Show Host eight times. He died in November 2020, at age 80, after 20 months with stage IV pancreatic cancer. At the time of his death, Trebek had been contracted to host Jeopardy! until 2022.
Color confinement
In quantum chromodynamics (QCD), color confinement or infrared slavery,: 1125  often simply called confinement, is the phenomenon that color-charged particles (such as quarks and gluons) cannot be isolated, and therefore cannot be directly observed in normal conditions below the Hagedorn temperature of approximately 2 terakelvin (corresponding to energies of approximately 130–140 MeV per particle).  Quarks and gluons must clump together to form hadrons. The two main types of hadron are the mesons (one quark, one antiquark) and the baryons (often three quarks or antiquarks, though other exotic variants exist).  In addition, colorless glueballs formed only of gluons are also consistent with confinement, though difficult to identify experimentally.  Quarks and gluons cannot be separated from their parent hadron without producing new hadrons.

Electronvolt
In physics, an electronvolt (symbol eV), also written as electron-volt and electron volt, is a unit of measurement equivalent to the amount of kinetic energy gained by a single electron accelerating through an electric potential difference of one volt in a vacuum. When used as a unit of energy, the numerical value of 1 eV expressed in unit of joules (symbol J) is equal to the numerical value of the charge of an electron in coulombs (symbol C). Under the 2019 revision of the SI, this sets 1 eV equal to the exact value 1.602176634×10−19 J.
Historically, the electronvolt was devised as a standard unit of measure through its usefulness in electrostatic particle accelerator sciences, because a particle with electric charge q gains an energy E = qV after passing through a voltage of V.
Praxagoras
Praxagoras (Ancient Greek: Πραξαγόρας ὁ Κῷος) was a figure of medicine in ancient Greece. He was born on the Greek island of Kos in about 340 BC. Both his father, Nicarchus, and his grandfather were physicians. Very little is known of Praxagoras' personal life, and none of his writings have survived.

Phlegm
Phlegm (/ˈflɛm/; Ancient Greek: φλέγμα, phlégma, "inflammation", "humour caused by heat") is mucus produced by the respiratory system, excluding that produced by the throat and nose passages. It often refers to respiratory mucus expelled by coughing, otherwise known as sputum. Phlegm, and mucus as a whole, is in essence a water-based gel consisting of glycoproteins, immunoglobulins, lipids and other substances. Its composition varies depending on climate, genetics, and state of the immune system. Its color can vary from transparent to pale or dark yellow and green, from light to dark brown, and even to dark grey depending on the contents. The body naturally produces about 1 quart (about 1 litre) of phlegm every day to capture and clear substances in the air and bacteria from the nose and throat.
Sam Chaffey
Robin Samuel Anderson (Sam or Rob) Chaffey (22 July 1934 – 6 April 1998) was an alpine skier from New Zealand.

He competed for New Zealand at the 1960 Winter Olympics. He came 48th in the Downhill and 58th in the Giant Slalom, but was disqualified in the Slalom.

Sam was a downhill ski-racer, national ski champion in 1958, and was involved in setting up and managing Porter Heights, the first commercial ski-field in Canterbury. He was a high-country farmer and a businessman whose activities included setting up a reindeer farm in Alaska and a cattle breeding programme in Brazil.

He was called Sam at school and in the ski industry, but changed to Rob for everything else by family agreement because of all the Sams in the family (including his father and one of his sons). He married Jan Prain (a sister of skier Trish Prain) in 1958; they had two daughters and two sons. He was born in Timaru, brought up on a farm at the back of Mount Somers, and died at home in Tai Tapu.

New Zealand at the 1960 Winter Olympics
New Zealand competed at the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley, United States.  The country was represented by its Alpine skiing team of Bill Hunt, Cecelia Womersley, Patricia Prain, and Sam Chaffey.  No medals were earned.
Karl Fuchs (politician)
Karl Fuchs (MdB)  (September 11, 1920 – March 31, 1989) was a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. He was a member of the Landtag of Bavaria from 1966 to 1969. There is a street in Rochester, NY named after Karl Fuchs.

Landtag of Bavaria
The Landtag of Bavaria, officially known in English as the Bavarian State Parliament, is the unicameral legislature of the German state of Bavaria. The parliament meets in the Maximilianeum in Munich.

Elections to the Landtag are held every five years and have to be conducted on a Sunday or public holiday. The following elections have to be held no earlier than 59 months and no later than 62 months after the previous one, unless the Landtag is dissolved. The most recent elections to the Bavarian Landtag were held on 8 October 2023.

Bavaria's current state government, the third Söder cabinet, was formed after the 2023 election and is a coalition of the Christian Social Union (CSU) and the Free Voters (FW). An identical coalition was in power as the second Söder cabinet between 2018 and 2023. Markus Söder has been Minister-President of Bavaria since March 2018, when he succeeded Horst Seehofer.
CJD
CJD can mean:

Chojoongdong, South Korean newspaper

Christliches Jugenddorfwerk Deutschlands, German Christian educational institution

Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, rare disease of the brain caused by prions

Candilejas Airport, Colombia (by IATA code)

Christliches Jugenddorfwerk Deutschlands
CJD (Christliches Jugenddorfwerk Deutschlands) is a German Christian nonprofit organization. The organization was founded in 1947 by Protestant pastor Arnold Dannenmann. CJD is an organisation that deals with youth, education and social work. Over 155,000 young people and adults every year get the chance to benefit from expert training, professional development, and support for their specific life situations. CJD's "broad range" of education, training and development programs helps primarily young with learning difficulties, such as dyslexia, or behavioral problems. In addition, the organization assists former drug addicts, migrants, refugees, drop-outs, chronically ill, highly gifted, people with physical and mental disabilities, socially disadvantaged, young offenders and youth with a past experience of violence.
Felix Labunski
Felix Labunski (27 December 1892 – 28 April 1979) was a Polish-born French-American composer.

Labunski attended Warsaw Conservatory where he studied with Witold Maliszewski. He then became a pupil of Nadia Boulanger and Paul Dukas at the Ecole Normale in Paris. His work was part of the music event in the art competition at the 1932 Summer Olympics.

He emigrated to the United States in 1936 and became an American citizen in 1941. He taught at Marymount Manhattan College from 1940 until 1941, at the Cincinnati College Conservatory between 1945 and 1955 and at the University of Cincinnati from 1955 until 1964 when he retired.

Marymount Manhattan College
Marymount Manhattan College is a private college on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, New York City, United States. As of 2020, enrollment consisted of 1,571 undergraduate students with women making up 80% and men 20% of student enrollment.
Nyala Moon
Nyala Moon (born 1992) is an American filmmaker, screenwriter, and actress. Her work centers the lives of Black, queer, and transgender individuals, often blending bold comedy, emotional vulnerability, and autobiographical storytelling. She is best known for the short films How Not to Date While Trans (2022) and Dilating for Maximum Results (2023). In 2024, she was featured in the Whitney Biennial.

New York Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, & Transgender Film Festival
NewFest: The New York Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, & Transgender Film Festival, put on by NewFest (legal name The New Festival, Inc.), is the largest LGBTQ film festival in the United States and one of the most comprehensive forums of national and international LGBT film/video in the world.

David Hatkoff has been Executive Director of NewFest since 2019.

Founded in 1988, The New Festival, Inc is a non-profit media arts organization dedicated to showcasing the newest and best LGBT media for the greater New York metropolitan area.

NewFest strives to encourage and foster environments for LGBTQ and allied filmmakers and viewers to represent the diversity and complexity of voices in the LGBTQ community, and to amplify those voices across the nation.
Heisenberg–Langevin equations
The Heisenberg–Langevin equations (named after Werner Heisenberg and Paul Langevin) are equations for open quantum systems. They are a specific case of quantum Langevin equations.

In the Heisenberg picture the time evolution of a quantum system is the operators themselves. The solution to the Heisenberg equation of motion determines the subsequent time evolution of the operators. The Heisenberg–Langevin equation is the generalization of this to open quantum systems.

Quantum stochastic calculus
Quantum stochastic calculus is a generalization of stochastic calculus to noncommuting variables. The tools provided by quantum stochastic calculus are of great use for modeling the random evolution of systems undergoing measurement, as in quantum trajectories.: 148  Just as the Lindblad master equation provides a quantum generalization to the Fokker–Planck equation, quantum stochastic calculus allows for the derivation of quantum stochastic differential equations (QSDE) that are analogous to classical Langevin equations.

For the remainder of this article stochastic calculus will be referred to as classical stochastic calculus, in order to clearly distinguish it from quantum stochastic calculus.
Nurminen
Nurminen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aili Nurminen, (1896–1972), Finnish meteorologist

Ilmari Nurminen, Finnish politician

Jari Nurminen (born 1961), Finnish racing driver

Julius Nurminen (1887–1918), Finnish journalist and politician

Jyrki Nurminen (born 1990), Finnish beach volleyball player

Kai Nurminen (born 1969), Finnish ice hockey player

Kerttu Nurminen (born 1943), Finnish designer and glass artist

Pasi Nurminen (born 1975), Finnish ice hockey player

Simo Nurminen (born 1949), Finnish orienteer

Uno Nurminen (1895–1972), Finnish trade unionist, civil servant and politician

Aili Nurminen
Aili Linnea Nurminen (16 July 1896, Pori – 27 November 1972, Barcelona) was a Finnish meteorologist who specialized in fog and cloud conditions and was a pioneer of the country's aviation meteorology efforts. She worked for the Finnish Meteorological Institute from 1926 to 1963.
Marguerite Naville
Marguerite-Isabelle Naville (née de Pourtalès; 14 August 1852 – 14 December 1930) was a Swiss artist, photographer and writer. After marrying the Egyptologist Édouard Naville in 1873, she accompanied him on 14 archaeological trips to Egypt, meticulously recording his finds in photographs and drawings. Her extensive diaries and correspondence provide detailed descriptions of life in Egypt at the turn of the 20th century.

Egyptology
Egyptology (from Egypt and Greek -λογία, -logia; Arabic: علم المصريات) is the scientific study of ancient Egypt, including historic artifacts and ancient writing. The topics studied include ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, architecture, culture and art from the 5th millennium BC until the end of its native religious practices in the 4th century AD.
Akimitsu Takase
Akimitsu Takase (高瀬 右光, Takase Akimitsu; born September 1, 1970) is a Japanese voice actor. He graduated from the Tokyo Seiyū Academy and Ezaki Productions Training School (currently Mausu Promotion Actors' School).

The Undeclared War
The Undeclared War is a British near-future thriller television series. The series is written by Peter Kosminsky, and follows two main characters, Saara Parvin in the UK and Vadim Trusov in Russia, during a cyber and misinformation attack upon the UK.. The first series aired from 30 June 2022 on Channel 4. Channel 4 announced on 12 February 2025 that a second series consisting of six episodes would be produced.
Henry Gordon (magician)
Henry Gordon (March 19, 1919 – January 24, 2009) was a Canadian author, journalist, magician and skeptic. He was the founder of the Ontario Skeptics and a fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI).

Hot reading
Hot reading is a technique used when giving a psychic reading in stage magic performances, or in other contexts. In hot reading, the reader uses information about the person receiving the reading (for example, from background research or overhearing a conversation) which the receiver is not aware that the reader already knows. Hot reading is commonly used in conjunction with cold reading (where no previously gathered information is used) and can explain how a psychic reader can get a specific claimed "hit" of accurate information.  The psychics may have clients schedule their appearance ahead of time, and then collect information using collaborators who pose as religious missionaries, magazine sales people, or similar roles. Such visitors can gain a wide understanding of a person from examining their home, where tickets for the show may have been sent in advance.  The "psychic" may then be briefed on the information, and told where the person will sit in the audience.
The Fall of the Romanoffs
The Fall of the Romanoffs is a 1917 silent American historical drama film directed by Herbert Brenon. It was released only seven months after the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II in February 1917. This film is notable for starring Rasputin's rival, the monk Iliodor, as himself. Costars Nance O'Neil and Alfred Hickman were married from 1916 to Hickman's death in 1931. The film was shot in North Bergen, New Jersey, nearby Fort Lee, New Jersey, where many early film studios in America's first motion picture industry were based at the beginning of the 20th century.

This film is currently presumed to be lost. The Library of Congress includes it among the National Film Preservation Board's updated 2019 list of "7,200 Lost U.S. Silent Feature Films" produced between 1912 and 1929.

Herbert Brenon
Herbert Brenon (born Alexander Herbert Reginald St. John Brenon; 13 January 1880 – 21 June 1958) was an Irish-born U.S. film director, actor and screenwriter during the era of silent films through 1940. Brenon was among the early filmmakers who, before the rise of corporate film production, was a genuine "auteur", controlling virtually all creative and technical components in crafting his pictures.
The quality of Brenon's artistic output rivaled that of film pioneer D. W. Griffith.

Brenon was among the first directors to achieve celebrity status among moviegoers for his often spectacular cinematic inventions. Among his most notable films are Neptune's Daughter (1914), Peter Pan (1925), A Kiss for Cinderella (1925), and the original film version of Beau Geste (1926).
Banethok Deurali
Banethok Deurali  is a village development committee (VDC) in Syangja District in the Gandaki Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 3,546 people living in 864 individual households. The VDC is situated eight miles from district headquarters Syangja Bazaar. Siddhartha National Highway is the closest national highway to this VDC. With nearly 95% literate population, this VDC has one higher secondary school, one lower secondary school, four primary schools and one English medium school.

Syangja District
Syangja District (Nepali: स्याङ्जा जिल्ला; Listenⓘ) is a part of Gandaki Province, and is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. Its headquarter is Putalibazar with a diverse population including Brahmin, Magars, Chhetri, Dalit and Gurung communities. Syangja is home to attractions like the ancient temples of Garaunsur and Akala, scenic viewpoints such as Panchase, and the historical town of Waling, making it a growing eco-tourism destination. The economy is primarily based on agriculture, with rice, maize, millet, and fruits like oranges being widely cultivated. Syangja is the leading orange producer in Nepal with 22,000 tons in 2023. The district has several educational institutions, and many residents pursue higher education in cities like Pokhara and Kathmandu. Connected by highways to major cities like Pokhara and Butwal, the district covers an area of 1,164 km2 (449 sq mi) and has a population of 254,965.
Rolling Downs Group
The Rolling Downs Group is a stratigraphic group present in the Eromanga and Surat Basins in eastern Australia, which was deposited between the mid Barremian to early Turonian of the Cretaceous period. It primarily consists of nearshore shallow marine sediments deposited in the Eromanga Sea, though the uppermost and terminal members, the Winton Formation and the Griman Creek Formation represents freshwater deposits. It is notable for its fossil content including many dinosaurs and mammals, as well as opal. A relict species of dicynodont was suggested to have been found in these rocks, but is more likely to be misidentified pieces of a Cenozoic marsupial from younger sediments.

Eromanga Sea
The Eromanga Sea was an inland sea across the Australian continent that formed in the Early Cretaceous. The sea extended from the Eromanga Basin northward to the Carpentarian Basin. Its southern extents comprised lagoons and rivers, and to the east it reached Surat Basin, a bay.

The sea covered large parts of what is now Queensland and Central Australia at least four times during the early Cretaceous. The sea is named after Eromanga, Queensland. The present-day Winton Formation represents remnants of the river plains that filled the basin left by the Eromanga Sea. The formation is a major source of dinosaur fossils.
Siaya District
Siaya District was a district of Nyanza Province in the south western part of Kenya. It was bordered by Busia District to the North, Vihiga and Butere/Mumias Districts to the North-East, Bondo District to the South, and Kisumu District to the southeast. The total area of the district was approximately 1520 km2.

In 1968, Central Nyanza District was split into Siaya and Kisumu districts. Between 2000 and 2009, Siaya district was divided into Siaya, Bondo and Rarieda districts. The districts had a combined population of 842,304 in the 2009 census.

In 2013, Siaya County was effected meaning all districts that were formed out of Siaya District after 1992 were reconsolidated.

As of 2007, the district had three constituencies:

Alego Constituency

Gem Constituency

Ugenya Constituency

Gem Constituency
Gem Constituency is an electoral constituency in Kenya. It is one of six constituencies of Siaya County. The constituency was established for the 1963 elections. It had a population of 179,792 based on the 2019 census report and its current member of national assembly is Hon. Elisha Ochieng' Odhiambo of Orange Democratic Movement (ODM) party.
Federated Shipwrights' and Ship Constructors' Association of Australia
The Federated Shipwrights' and Ship Constructors' Association of Australia was an Australian trade union which existed between 1916 and 1976. It represented shipwrights and boatbuilders in the shipbuilding and ship repair industries, as well as sea-going shipwrights aboard vessels in the merchant navy.

Boat building
Boat building is the design and construction of boats (instead of the larger ships) — and their on-board systems. This includes at minimum the construction of a hull, with any necessary propulsion, mechanical, navigation, safety and other service systems as the craft requires.

The boat building industry provides for the design, manufacturing, repair and modification of human-powered watercrafts, sailboats, motorboats, airboats and submersibles, and caters for various demands from recreational (e.g. launches, dinghies and yachts), commercial (e.g. tour boats, ferry boats and lighters), residential (houseboats), to professional (e.g. fishing boats, tugboats, lifeboats and patrol boats).
Moonlight, a Study at Millbank (J. M. W. Turner)
Moonlight, a Study at Millbank is an oil painting by J. M. W. Turner, painted c. 1797. The nocturne is painted in oils on a mahogany board which measures 31.4 cm × 40.3 cm (12.4 in × 15.9 in).  It has been held by the Tate Gallery since 1910.

The work depicts a nighttime view of the River Thames from Millbank, near the current location of Tate Britain, with the low Moon glinting on the water and silhouetting buildings, trees, and boats. Turner exhibited the painting at the Royal Academy in 1797, the year after his first work was shown there: another maritime nocturne, Fishermen at Sea.

The painting was left to the British nation as part of the Turner Bequest, then titled "River Scene Moonlight".  It was transferred to the new National Gallery of British Art (now the Tate Gallery) in 1910.  For many years, this painting was mistakenly considered to be the first oil painting that Turner had exhibited, until Fishermen at Sea was identified.

Millbank
Millbank is an area of central London in the City of Westminster. Millbank is located by the River Thames, east of Pimlico and south of Westminster. Millbank is known as the location of major government offices, Burberry headquarters, the Millbank Tower and prominent art institutions such as Tate Britain and the Chelsea College of Art and Design.