hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Monegros Desert
The Monegros Desert or Desierto de los Monegros is a semi-desert in Aragón, northeastern Spain, spanning the provinces of Zaragoza and Huesca. It  is a semi-arid zone prone to frequent droughts. It is noted for its annual electronic music festival held in mid-July, the Monegros Festival.

Lesser kestrel
The lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni) is a small falcon. This species breeds from the Mediterranean across Afghanistan and Central Asia, to China and Mongolia. It is a summer migrant, wintering in Africa and Pakistan and sometimes even to India and Iraq. It is rare north of its breeding range, and declining in its European range. The genus name derives from Late Latin falx, falcis, a sickle, referencing the claws of the bird, and the species name commemorates the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Naumann.
Cayrel's Star
BPS CS31082-0001, named Cayrel's Star /keɪˈrɛlz/, is an old Population II star located in a distance of 2.1 kpc in the galactic halo. It belongs to the class of ultra-metal-poor stars (metallicity [Fe/H] = -2.9), specifically the very rare subclass of neutron-capture enhanced stars. It was discovered by Tim C. Beers and collaborators with the Curtis Schmidt telescope at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile and analyzed by Roger Cayrel and collaborators. They used the Very Large Telescope at the European Southern Observatory in Paranal, Chile for high-resolution optical spectroscopy to determine elemental abundances. The thorium-232 to uranium-238 ratio was used to determine the age. It is estimated to be about 12.5 billion years old, making it one of the oldest known.

Compared to other ultra-metal-poor, r-process enriched stars (eg. CS22892-052, BD+17°3248, HE 1523-0901) CS31082-001 has higher abundances of the actinides (Th, U), but a surprisingly low Pb abundance.

Astronomical spectroscopy
Astronomical spectroscopy is the study of astronomy using the techniques of spectroscopy to measure the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, ultraviolet, X-ray, infrared and radio waves that radiate from stars and other celestial objects. A stellar spectrum can reveal many properties of stars, such as their chemical composition, temperature, density, mass, distance and luminosity. Spectroscopy can show the velocity of motion towards or away from the observer by measuring the Doppler shift. Spectroscopy is also used to study the physical properties of many other types of celestial objects such as planets, nebulae, galaxies, and active galactic nuclei.
Rafflesiales
Rafflesiales is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants. The name was first published  by Oliver in 1895. The Cronquist system used this name for an order placed in subclass Rosidae with the following circumscription (1981) :

order Rafflesiales
family Hydnoraceae
family Mitrastemonaceae
family Rafflesiaceae

The APG II system regards Rafflesiaceae as an unplaced family of three genera. Also unplaced is the genus Mitrastema. However, APG II does have a placement for family Hydnoraceae, in the order Piperales.

According to the 
AP-Website, recent research places Rafflesiaceae in order Malpighiales.

Malpighiales
The Malpighiales comprise one of the largest orders of flowering plants. The order is very diverse, with well-known members including willows, violets, poplars, corpse flower, coca plant, cassava, rubber tree, castor bean, spurges, flaxseed, Saint John's wort, passionfruit, mangosteen, and manchineel tree.

The order is not part of any of the classification systems based only on plant morphology and the relationships of its diverse members can be hard to recognize except with molecular phylogenetic evidence. Molecular clock calculations estimate the origin of stem group Malpighiales at around 100 million years ago (Mya) and the origin of crown group Malpighiales at about 90 Mya.

The Malpighiales contain about 36 families and more than 16,000 species, about 7.8% of the eudicots.
Antonio Cicero
Antônio Cícero Correia Lima (October 6, 1945 – October 23, 2024) was a Brazilian composer, poet, literary critic, philosopher and writer. He wrote poetry and philosophy books, and had a prolific career as a lyricist, composing lyrics for songs by artists such as Marina Lima (his sister), João Bosco, Waly Salomão, Orlando Morais, Ritchie, Adriana Calcanhotto, and Lulu Santos.

On August 10, 2017, he was elected member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters, taking office on March 16, 2018.

João Bosco
João Bosco de Freitas Mucci, (born July 13, 1946) known professionally as João Bosco (/ʒuˈaʊn/; Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuˈɐ̃w ˈbosku]) is a Brazilian singer-songwriter and guitarist.  In the 1970s he established his reputation in música popular Brasileira (Portuguese: "Brazilian pop music") with lyricist Aldir Blanc.

Born in Ponte Nova, Minas Gerais, Brazil, Bosco's profession was engineering when he moved to Rio de Janeiro, where his songs were recorded by Elis Regina. In the introduction to his three-volume Songbook, Almir Chediak wrote, "Brilliant composer João Bosco's melodic and harmonic constructions are among the most auspicious in Brazilian music."
Chapter Five of Masters of Contemporary Brazilian Song: MPB 1965-1985 by Charles A. Perrone is dedicated to the work of Bosco and Blanc.

His father was Lebanese.
Georges Delvallée
Georges Delvallée (born 15 March 1937 at Fourmies, Nord is a French organist.

A student of Alfred Cortot, Delvallée prepared his licence for concert at the École normale de musique de Paris. In addition to the piano, he studied harmony, composition with Henri Challan. Following the advice of Marcel Dupré, André Marchal and Marie-Louise Girod, he decided to devote himself to pipe organ.

He made a great career dedicated to organ symphonies, specializing in particular in the work of Charles Tournemire. He is an academic at the École normale de musique de Paris and teaches at conservatories in the Paris region.

Organist
An organist is a musician who plays any type of organ. An organist may play solo organ works, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers or instrumental soloists. In addition, an organist may accompany congregational hymn-singing and play liturgical music.
Scholarius
Scholarius (Σχολάριος), Scholares (Σχολάρης) or Scholaris  may be:

Greek scholars in the Renaissance

the title of a medieval scholar in general

a member of the Scholae Palatinae military unit

the epithet of Gennadius Scholarius

the epithet of Niketas Scholares

Scholar
A scholar is a person who is a researcher or has expertise in an academic discipline. A scholar can also be an academic, who works as a professor, teacher, or researcher at a university. An academic usually holds an advanced degree or a terminal degree, such as a master's degree or a doctorate. Independent scholars and public intellectuals work outside the academy yet may publish in academic journals and participate in scholarly public discussion.
August Warberg
Johan August Warberg (5 May 1842 – 16 October 1915) was a Swedish stage and film actor and theater director whose career spanned over fifty years.

Warberg made his stage debut as an actor in 1861. During his long career as a stage actor and theater director, he worked the Vasateatern, Mindre teatern, Djurgårdsteatern, Södra teatern and the Svenska Teatern.

He married stage actress Anna Sofia Charlotta "Lotten" Warberg (née Magnusson) in 1865 and the couple had three children.
Before his death at age 73 in 1915, he also appeared in a number of silent films. All but one, 1916's Edmond Hansen-directed Ålderdom och dårskap, were directed by Victor Sjöström.

Mindre teatern
Mindre teatern (The Smaller Theatre), Nya teatern (The New Theatre), Lindeberska teatern (The Lindeberg Theatre), was a Swedish theatre at Kungsgatan in Stockholm, active 1842–1863. The building was used as localities for the Royal Dramatic Theatre in 1863–1908.
Sisyrinchium campestre
Sisyrinchium campestre, the prairie blue-eyed grass or white-eyed grass, is a small herbaceous perennial plant in the iris family, native to prairie and meadow in the central United States and in extreme southern Manitoba.

Prairie blue-eyed grass is one of the more drought tolerant species in the genus. It blooms in late spring and early summer for about three weeks. The flowers are white to pale blue, with yellow centers. They have six tepals 7 to 12.7 mm (0.28 to 0.50 in) long that have rounded ends with a sharp point in the center. The flowers are borne on slender pedicels (stems) in an umbel enclosed in two bracts at the top of an unbranched flat stem. The leaves are grass-like, 3 to 10 inches (8 to 25 cm) long and 2 to 3 mm (0.08 to 0.12 in) across, and the flower stem is about as long as or a little longer than the leaves. The root system is coarse and fibrous. A plant produces offsets and forms a dense clump over time.

Iridaceae
Iridaceae (/ɪrɪˈdeɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/) is a family of plants in order Asparagales, taking its name from the irises. It has a nearly global distribution, with 69 accepted genera with a total of about 2500 species. It includes a number of economically important cultivated plants, such as species of Freesia, Gladiolus, and Crocus, as well as the crop saffron.

Members of this family are perennial plants, with a bulb, corm or rhizome.  The plants grow erect, and have leaves that are generally grass-like, with a sharp central fold. Some examples of members of this family are the blue flag and yellow flag.
Benburb
Benburb (from Irish Beann Borb, meaning 'proud/prominent cliff')) is a village and townland in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It lies 7.5 miles from Armagh and 8 miles from Dungannon. The River Blackwater runs alongside the village as does the Ulster Canal.

Armagh
Armagh (/ɑːrˈmɑː/ ar-MAH; Irish: Ard Mhacha, IPA: [ˌaːɾˠd̪ˠ ˈwaxə], "Macha's height") is a city and the county town of County Armagh, in Northern Ireland, as well as a civil parish. It is the ecclesiastical capital of Ireland – the seat of the Archbishops of Armagh, the Primates of All Ireland for both the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of Ireland. In ancient times, nearby Navan Fort (Eamhain Mhacha) was a pagan ceremonial site and one of the great royal capitals of Gaelic Ireland. Today, Armagh is home to two cathedrals (both named after Saint Patrick) and the Armagh Observatory, and is known for its Georgian architecture.

Statistically classed as a medium-sized town by NISRA, Armagh was given city status in 1994 and Lord Mayoralty status in 2012. It had a population of 16,310 people in the 2021 Census.
Dihydrosirohydrochlorin
Dihydrosirohydrochlorin is one of several naturally occurring tetrapyrrole macrocyclic metabolic intermediates in the biosynthesis of vitamin B12 (cobalamin). Its oxidised form, sirohydrochlorin, is precursor to  sirohaem, the iron-containing prosthetic group in sulfite reductase enzymes. Further biosynthetic transformations convert sirohydrochlorin to cofactor F430 for an enzyme which catalyzes the release of methane in the final step of methanogenesis.

Metabolic intermediate
Metabolic intermediates are compounds produced during the conversion of substrates (starting molecules) into final products in biochemical reactions within cells.

Although these intermediates are of relatively minor direct importance to cellular function, they can play important roles in the allosteric regulation of enzymes, glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and amino acid synthesis.

Metabolic pathways consist of a series of enzymatically catalyzed reactions where each step transforms a substrate into a product that serves as the substrate for the next reaction. Metabolic intermediates are compounds that form during these steps, and they are neither the starting substrate nor the final product of the pathway. These intermediates are crucial because they allow for regulation, energy storage, and extraction of chemical energy in a controlled manner.
John Lau Shek Yau
John Lau Shek Yu (Chinese: 劉石佑) is a Hong Kong entrepreneur and logistics tycoon. Lau is the executive chairman and founder of Ecargo Holdings Limited, an ASX listed company. Lau founded Cargo Services Far East Limited in 1990 and serves as its managing director. In 1991, Lau joined the Cargo Services Airfreight Limited, an indirect non-wholly owned subsidiary of CN Logistics International Holdings Limited, and serves as its director. From 14 February 2023, Lau has been redesignated from a non-executive Director to an executive Director at CN Logistics International Holdings Limited.

Lau is the chairman and founder of JL Enterprises and CS Logistics Holdings Limited.

Lau served as Independent non-executive director of Golden Eagle Retail Group Limited (SEHK: 3308) (Chinese: 金鷹商貿集團有限公司) from 1999 to 2011 and Nanjing Sample Technology Company Limited (SEHK: 1708) (Chinese: 南京三宝科技集团有限公司) from 2003 to 2011.

Ecargo
eCargo Holdings Limited (ASX: ECG) is a “One-stop Shop” Online-to-Offline enabler, servicing international brands and retailers entering the Asian market. It maintains operating companies in China, Vietnam and Australia trading under the brand names of eCargo, Jessica's Suitcase, Metcash Asia and Asian Business Group (ABG).
Praia Pesqueira
Praia Pesqueira is a seaside village in Caué District on São Tomé Island in São Tomé and Príncipe. Its population is 201 (2012 census). The locality is located just south of Dona Augusta and 5 km southwest of São João dos Angolares.

São Tomé (island)
São Tomé, at 854 km2 (330 sq mi), is the largest island of São Tomé and Príncipe and is home in May 2018 to about 193,380 or 96% of the nation's population. The island is divided into six districts. It is located 2 km (1¼ miles) north of the equator.
Mephisto Lake
Mephisto Lake is a lake in the Trent River and Lake Ontario drainage basins. It is located in the geographic township of Cashel, in the township municipality of Tudor and Cashel, Hastings County, Ontario, Canada, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north of the rural community of Gunter and 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of the town of Bancroft.

The lake is about 3.1 kilometres (1.9 mi) long and 1.7 kilometres (1.1 mi) and lies at an elevation of 313 metres (1,027 ft). The primary inflow is Mephisto Creek at the northeast. There are also four unnamed creek inflows: one at the north from Mawson Lake, one at the east, and two at the south, one of which comes from the direction of Cashel Lake. The primary outflow is a channel to Dark Lake, which flows via Dixon Creek, Beaver Creek, the Crowe River and the Trent River to the Bay of Quinte on Lake Ontario at Trenton.

Tudor and Cashel
Tudor and Cashel is a township in the Canadian province of Ontario, located in Hastings County.

The township consists of two non-contiguous portions, separated by Limerick township and the northernmost portion of Tweed.The municipality is mostly rural.
Fuhrländer Wind Turbine Laasow
Fuhrländer Wind Turbine Laasow is a wind turbine, built in 2006 by German wind turbine manufacturer Fuhrländer near the village of Laasow, Brandenburg, Germany. It consists of a 160-metre (520 ft) lattice tower, which carries a rotor 90 metres (300 ft) in diameter. Until two slightly taller wind turbines opened in Poland in 2012, this wind turbine was the tallest wind turbine in the world. Its power output is 2.5 MW.

Turbine
A turbine (/ˈtɜːrbaɪn/ or /ˈtɜːrbɪn/) (from the Greek τύρβη, tyrbē, or Latin turbo, meaning vortex) is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. The work produced can be used for generating electrical power when combined with a generator. A turbine is a turbomachine with at least one moving part called a rotor assembly, which is a shaft or drum with blades attached. Moving fluid acts on the blades so that they move and impart rotational energy to the rotor.

Gas, steam, and water turbines have a casing around the blades that contains and controls the working fluid. Modern steam turbines frequently employ both reaction and impulse in the same unit, typically varying the degree of reaction and impulse from the blade root to its periphery.
TMC-647055
TMC-647055 is an experimental antiviral drug which was developed as a treatment for hepatitis C, and is in clinical trials as a combination treatment with ribavirin and simeprevir. It acts as a NS5b polymerase inhibitor.

Polymerase
In biochemistry, a polymerase is an enzyme (EC 2.7.7.6/7/19/48/49) that synthesizes long chains of polymers or nucleic acids. DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase are used to assemble DNA and RNA molecules, respectively, by copying a DNA template strand using base-pairing interactions or half ladder replication.

A DNA polymerase from the thermophilic bacterium, Thermus aquaticus (Taq) (PDB 1BGX, EC 2.7.7.7), is used in the polymerase chain reaction, an important technique of molecular biology.

A polymerase may be template-dependent or template-independent. Poly-A-polymerase is an example of template independent polymerase. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase is also known to have template independent and template dependent activities.
Application-layer framing
Application-layer framing or application-level framing (ALF)  is a method of allowing  an application to use its semantics for the design of its network protocols.

This procedure was first proposed by D. D. Clark and David L. Tennenhouse. It works as follows:

The application splits the data into useful segments.
These segments are called ADUs (application data units).

The ADUs can be processed in any order.

The lower layers keep the ADU borders.

This procedure simplifies the quality of service negotiation and provides a simpler method of error checking.

The Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) is an example of where the semantics of the real-time application are used to segment the data.

Error detection and correction
In information theory and coding theory with applications in computer science and telecommunications, error detection and correction (EDAC) or error control are techniques that enable reliable delivery of digital data over unreliable communication channels. Many communication channels are subject to channel noise, and thus errors may be introduced during transmission from the source to a receiver. Error detection techniques allow detecting such errors, while error correction enables reconstruction of the original data in many cases.
Gayle McLaughlin
Gayle McLaughlin (born 1952) is an American politician from Richmond, California. She was first elected to the Richmond City Council in 2004 when she was a member of the Green Party of California. She won two consecutive four-year terms as the city's mayor in 2006 and 2010. After reaching the mayoral term limit, she was reelected to the City Council in 2014. In June 2017, she announced her candidacy for lieutenant governor of California in the 2018 election.

McLaughlin's election in 2006 made Richmond the largest U.S. city led by a Green Party member. She has advocated for a minimum wage increase and a plan to forcibly appropriate foreclosed home mortgages from banks. She has led an ongoing effort to restrict the municipal influence of Richmond's largest employer, the Chevron Corporation, and to refashion its environmental obligations.

Sugary drink tax
A sugary drink tax, soda tax, or sweetened beverage tax (SBT) is a tax or surcharge (food-related fiscal policy) designed to reduce consumption of sweetened beverages by making them more expensive to purchase. Drinks covered under a soda tax often include carbonated soft drinks, sports drinks and energy drinks. Fruit juices without added sugar are usually excluded, despite similar sugar content, though there is some debate on including them.

This policy intervention is an effort to decrease obesity and the health impacts related to being overweight. The tax is a matter of public debate in many countries and beverage producers like Coca-Cola often oppose it. Advocates such as national medical associations and the World Health Organization promote the tax as an example of a Pigouvian tax, aimed to discourage unhealthy diets and offset the growing economic costs of obesity.
Ken Spain (political strategist)
Kenneth Paul Spain (born 1979) is an American political and communications strategist, who served as the communications director for the National Republican Congressional Committee and as the New Mexico communications director for the Bush-Cheney campaign. He co-founded the Washington D.C.–based communications firm Narrative Strategies in 2019. Spain was named the firm's CEO in 2024, following an investment from Clarion Capital Partners.

Mike Conaway
Kenneth Michael Conaway (born June 11, 1948) is an American politician who was the U.S. representative for Texas's 11th congressional district from 2005 to 2021. He is a member of the Republican Party. The district Conaway represented is located in West Texas and includes Midland, Odessa, San Angelo, Brownwood, and Granbury. Conaway led the investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections (with assistance from Trey Gowdy and Tom Rooney) after the Intelligence Committee chair, Devin Nunes, recused himself. Aside from serving as the chair of the House Ethics Committee, he served as the chair of the House Agriculture Committee, and later its ranking member. Conaway indicated in July 2019 that he would not be seeking reelection. Conaway was succeeded by fellow Republican August Pfluger.
Stell Parker Selby
Esthelda Ramona Parker Selby is an American politician and educator who served in the Delaware House of Representatives for the 20th district from 2022 until her resignation in 2025. Prior to her election, Parker Selby worked as a teacher and academic administrator in the Cape Henlopen School District, then served on the Cape Henlopen School Board and on the Milton city council. She resigned following a longterm absence after suffering from a stroke in 2024.

Delaware State University
Delaware State University (DSU or Del State) is a privately governed, state-assisted historically black land-grant research university in Dover, Delaware. DSU also has two satellite campuses: one in Wilmington and one in Georgetown. The university encompasses four colleges and a diverse population of undergraduate and advanced-degree students. Delaware State University is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Living Is a Problem Because Everything Dies
"Living Is a Problem Because Everything Dies" is the opening song on Scottish band Biffy Clyro's fourth album, Puzzle. It was released on 14 May 2007, as the second physical single from the album. The song itself, without any B-sides, was released as a digital download on 7 May 2007.

In the week after its download release, but before its CD release, the single reached number 72 on the UK Singles Chart before peaking at number 19 the week of its release. The same week, the song became the band's second number-one single on the Scottish Singles Chart, after "Saturday Superhouse". The song was the first single released by the band in the United States, and was the first single released there for Puzzle. It was added to the playlists of several radio stations in the United States—including WBRU, WQEX and WHHZ—which allowed the song to reach number 47 on the Mediabase Alternative Airplay chart.

Scottish Singles and Albums Charts
The Scottish Albums Chart is a chart compiled by the Official Charts Company (OCC) which is based on how physical and digital sales towards the UK Albums Chart fare in Scotland. The official singles chart for Scotland, the Scottish Singles Chart, which was based on how physical and digital sales towards the UK Singles Chart were faring in Scotland has not been published since 20 November 2020.

Since 20 November 2020, only the Scottish Albums Chart has been published by the OCC, and it has been based on physical sales only, with the OCC only publishing the albums chart on their website since 11 December 2020.