hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Seoul Metropolitan Subway rolling stock
There are many types of trains in Seoul but they are generally similar to each other. Typically, train cars have four pairs of doors on each side. In between the doors are rows of either cushioned or non-cushioned seats for 7 people (6 on newer trains), except for the outer ends of each wagon where there are smaller rows of seats for 3 people, marked for the use by the elderly, disabled passengers, and pregnant women.

This list focuses primarily on trains that run on the 9 urban subway lines in Seoul, the wide-area commuter rail lines integrated into the Seoul Metropolitan Subway, and the AREX airport railroad. The list does not, however, include rolling stock used on the Incheon Subway and light metro systems such as the U Line or EverLine.

AREX
AREX (Airport Railroad Express; Korean: 인천국제공항철도) is an airport rail link and commuter rail line in the Seoul Metropolitan Area of South Korea, linking Incheon International Airport and Gimpo International Airport with Seoul Station. The section between the two airports opened on March 23, 2007, and the line was extended to Seoul Station on December 29, 2010.

Long-distance Korea Train Express high speed trains started to use the line from June 30, 2014, but discontinued the service in March 2018 due to low ridership.
2018 Almaty Challenger 2 – Doubles
Kevin Krawietz and Andreas Mies were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Zdeněk Kolář and Lukáš Rosol won the title after defeating Evgeny Karlovskiy and Timur Khabibulin 6–3, 6–1 in the final.

Evgeny Karlovskiy
Evgeny Konstantinovich Karlovskiy (Russian: Евге́ний Константи́нович Карло́вский, IPA: [jɪvˈɡʲenʲɪj kɐrˈlofskʲɪj]; born 7 August 1994) is a Russian tennis player.

Karlovskiy has a career high ATP singles ranking of No. 211 achieved on 17 June 2019 and a career high doubles ranking of No. 222 achieved on 29 July 2019. Karlovskiy has won 1 ATP Challenger singles title at the 2018 Nielsen Pro Tennis Championships.
Lydia Abell
Lydia Abell, ARRC (13 June 1872 – 21 July 1959) was a civilian and military Australian nurse. She served in the First World War and was awarded the Associate Royal Red Cross for bravery during the evacuation of a field hospital that was under enemy bombardment on the Western Front.

Wallsend, New South Wales
Wallsend is a western suburb of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia, 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) from Newcastle's central business district. It is split between the local government areas of City of Newcastle and City of Lake Macquarie.
Bruno Gramaglia
Bruno Gramaglia (23 April 1919 – 2 November 2005) was an Italian footballer from Genoa, in Liguria, who played as a midfielder. He played club football for several Italian sides, most notably Napoli and Sampdoria; he is the joint-fourth highest all-time league appearance holder for Napoli, along with Attila Sallustro.

He was part of the Spezia squad, which won the Campionato Alta Italia 1944 during World War II. It was recognised by the FIGC as a legitimate top-level Italian Championship in 2002. Gramaglia died in Rapallo on 2 November 2005.

Rapallo
Rapallo (US: /rəˈpɑːloʊ/ rə-PAH-loh, Italian: [raˈpallo], Ligurian: [ɾaˈpalːu]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Genoa, in the region of Liguria in Italy. As of 2025, with a population 29,513, it is the 2nd-largest municipality in the metropolitan city.

It lies on the Ligurian Sea coast, on the Tigullio Gulf, between Portofino and Chiavari, 25 kilometers east-south east of Genoa itself.

The Parco Naturale Regionale di Portofino, encompassing the territory of six Ligurian communes, includes the Rapallo area.
Employee handbook
An employee handbook, sometimes also known as an employee manual, staff handbook, or company policy manual, is a book given to employees by an employer.

The employee handbook can be used to bring together employment and job-related information which employees need to know. It typically has three types of content:

Cultural: A welcome statement, the company's mission or purpose, company values, and more.

General Information: holiday arrangements, company perks, policies not required by law, policy summaries, and more.

Case-Specific: company policies, rules, disciplinary and grievance procedures, and other information modeled after employment laws or regulations.

The employee handbook, if one exists, is almost always a part of a company's onboarding or induction process for new staff. A written employee handbook gives clear advice to employees and creates a culture where issues are dealt with fairly and consistently.

Labour law
Labour laws (also spelled as labor laws), labour code or employment laws are laws that mediate the relationship between workers, employing entities, trade unions, and the government. Collective labour law relates to the tripartite relationship between employee, employer, and union.

Individual labour law concerns employees' rights at work also through the contract for work. Employment standards are social norms (in some cases also technical standards) for the minimum socially acceptable conditions under which employees or contractors are allowed to work. Government agencies (such as the former US Employment Standards Administration) enforce labour law (legislature, regulatory, or judicial).
A Rose for the Apocalypse
A Rose for the Apocalypse is the fifth studio album by Swedish gothic metal band Draconian, released 23 June 2011 through Napalm Records.

A music video was made for the track "The Last Hour of Ancient Sunlight".

Napalm Records
Napalm Records is an Austrian independent record label focused on heavy metal, hard rock and folk/folk rock/folk metal. Originally, Napalm focused on black metal bands, such as Abigor and Summoning, and folk metal bands, such as Falkenbach and Vintersorg. The label later expanded its roster by adding gothic metal, symphonic metal, power metal, doom metal, metalcore and nu metal bands, as well as stoner rock acts Monster Magnet, Karma to Burn and Brant Bjork, thrash metal bands Exodus, Destruction and Flotsam and Jetsam, and even folk bands like Ye Banished Privateers. Napalm has its own publishing house named Iron Avantgarde Publishing.

In November 2020, Napalm acquired the German record label SPV GmbH.
HLA-B39
HLA-B39 (B39) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*39 gene products.

B39 is a split antigen of the broad antigen B16, and is a sister type of B38.  B39 is most commonly found on the west pacific rim, in Japan and highest frequency in the new world. In Europe it is found in Scandinavia and Northern Russia.

Serotype
A serotype or serovar is a distinct variation within a species of bacteria or virus or among immune cells of different individuals. These microorganisms, viruses, or cells are classified together based on their shared reactivity between their surface antigens and a particular antiserum, allowing the classification of organisms to a level below the species. A group of serovars with common antigens is called a serogroup or sometimes serocomplex.

Serotyping often plays an essential role in determining species and subspecies. The Salmonella genus of bacteria, for example, has been determined to have over 2600 serotypes. Vibrio cholerae, the species of bacteria that causes cholera, has over 200 serotypes, based on cell antigens. Only two of them have been observed to produce the potent enterotoxin that results in cholera: O1 and O139.

Serotypes were discovered in hemolytic streptococci by the American microbiologist Rebecca Lancefield in 1933.
Globular protein
In biochemistry, globular proteins or spheroproteins are spherical ("globe-like") proteins and are one of the common protein types (the others being fibrous, disordered and membrane proteins). Globular proteins are somewhat water-soluble (forming colloids in water), unlike the fibrous or membrane proteins. There are multiple fold classes of globular proteins, since there are many different architectures that can fold into a roughly spherical shape.

The term globin can refer more specifically to proteins including the globin fold.

Chemical polarity
In chemistry, polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment, with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end.

Polar molecules must contain one or more polar bonds due to a difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms. Molecules containing polar bonds have no molecular polarity if the bond dipoles cancel each other out by symmetry.

Polar molecules interact through dipole-dipole intermolecular forces and hydrogen bonds. Polarity underlies a number of physical properties including surface tension, solubility, and melting and boiling points.
Notions (sewing)
In sewing and haberdashery, notions are small objects or accessories, including items that are sewn or otherwise attached to a finished article, such as buttons, snaps, and collar stays. Notions also include the small tools used in sewing, such as needles, thread, pins, marking pens, elastic, and seam rippers. The noun is almost always used in the plural. The term is chiefly in American English (the equivalent British term is haberdashery). It was also formerly used in the phrase "Yankee notions", meaning American products.  A fabric store will have a section or department devoted to notions, and a spool of thread is considered a notion.

Sewing needle
A sewing needle, used for hand-sewing, is a long slender tool with a pointed tip at one end and a hole (or eye) to hold the sewing thread. The earliest needles were made of bone or wood; modern needles are manufactured from high carbon steel wire and are nickel- or 18K gold-plated for corrosion resistance. High-quality embroidery needles are plated with two-thirds platinum and one-third titanium alloy. Traditionally, needles have been kept in needle books or needlecases which have become objects of adornment. Sewing needles may also be kept in an étui, a small box that held needles and other items such as scissors, pencils and tweezers.
935 Lies
935 Lies: The Future of Truth and the Decline of America's Moral Integrity is a book written by investigative journalist Charles Lewis, published by PublicAffairs in 2014, as an exploration of the many ways truth is manipulated by governments and corporations. The title is a reference to the number of times the George W. Bush and seven top officials of his administration lied to the American public about the national security threat posed by Iraq prior to the 2003 invasion.

PublicAffairs
PublicAffairs (or PublicAffairs Books) is a book publishing company located in New York City and has been a part of the Hachette Book Group since 2016.

PublicAffairs was launched in 1997 by Peter Osnos. The current Publisher is Clive Priddle. The company publishes mostly non-mainstream non-fiction books about politics and current affairs, both American and international.

It has published several books by Nobel Prize-winning authors, including Muhammad Yunus's Banker to the Poor and Abhijit V. Banerjee and Esther Duflo's two books Poor Economics and Good Economics for Hard Times.

In 2019, it published Shoshana Zuboff's international bestseller The Age of Surveillance Capitalism.

Perseus Books won Publishers Weekly's "Publisher of the Year" award for 2007.
Stacy Adams (American football)
Stacy Adams (born June 22, 1966) is an American former college football coach. He served the head football coach at Valparaiso University from 2005 to 2009, compiling a record of 15–40. He was the first black head football coach and the second documented black head coach at Valparaiso.

Valparaiso University
Valparaiso University (Valpo) is a private university in Valparaiso, Indiana, United States. It is an independent Lutheran university with five colleges. It enrolls nearly 2,300 students and has a 350-acre (140 ha) campus.

The university is known for its Lutheran Christian heritage and has one of the largest chapels on a U.S. college campus. In 2025, it accepted 89% of applicants for enrollment.
USS Doran
Two ships of the United States Navy have been named Doran, in honor of John James Doran, a Medal of Honor recipient from the Spanish–American War.

USS Doran (DD-185) was a Wickes-class destroyer, originally named USS Bagley and later transferred to the Royal Navy as HMS St Marys.

USS Doran (DD-634) was a Gleaves-class destroyer during World War II.

Wickes-class destroyer
The Wickes-class destroyers were a class of 111 destroyers built by the United States Navy in 1917–1919. Together with the six preceding ships of the Caldwell class and the succeeding 156 subsequent Clemson-class destroyers, they were grouped as the "flush-deck" or "four-stack" type. Only a few were completed in time to serve in World War I, including USS Wickes, the lead ship of the class.

While some were scrapped in the 1930s, the rest served throughout World War II. Most of these were converted to other uses; nearly all in U.S. service had half their boilers and one or more stacks removed to increase fuel and range or accommodate troops. Others were transferred to the British Royal Navy and the Royal Canadian Navy, some of which were later transferred to the Soviet Navy. All were scrapped within a few years after World War II.
Michael Sofroniew
Michael V. Sofroniew is an American neuroscientist, physician, and academic, most known for his work on the cell biology of injury and repair in the adult central nervous system (CNS). He is a Distinguished Professor of Neurobiology at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA).

Sofroniew's lab investigates glial cell responses to CNS injury, disease, and tumors, focusing on astrogliosis, scar formation, and their roles in inflammation, tissue repair, and neural function. He received the Demuth Young Scientist Award from the International Brain Research Organization and has been named a Highly Cited Researcher in Neuroscience and Behavior by Web of Science, Clarivate, ranking in the top 1% annually from 2016 to 2024.

Neuroscientist
A neuroscientist (or neurobiologist) is a scientist specializing in neuroscience that deals with the anatomy and function of neurons, neural circuits, and glia, and their behavioral, biological, and psychological roles in health and disease.

Neuroscientists generally work as researchers within a college, university, government agency, or private industry setting. In research-oriented careers, neuroscientists design and conduct scientific experiments on the nervous system and its functions. They can engage in basic or applied research. Basic research seeks to expand current understanding of the nervous system, whereas applied research seeks to address a specific problem, such as developing a treatment for a neurological disorder.

Neuroscientists have numerous career opportunities outside of academic research, including careers in industry, science writing, government program management, science advocacy, and education. A neuroscientist commonly holds a doctorate in a medical science.
Vik, Grimstad
Vik is a village in Grimstad municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located at the northern end of the Kilen bay that flows past the town of Grimstad. The village sits at the junction of Norwegian County Road 420 and Norwegian County Road 407 on the south side of the European route E18 highway. The village was the administrative centre of the old municipality of Fjære. The historic Fjære Church lies about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) west of the village.

Norwegian County Road 420
Norwegian County Road 420 is a Norwegian county road in Agder county, Norway.  The 63.8-kilometre (39.6 mi) long road runs along the coast from the European route E18 highway at the Sørlandsparken in Kristiansand in the southwest to the European route E18 at Moland in Arendal.
Jagüel Formation
The Jagüel Formation is a geological formation, located in Patagonia, Argentina. It underlies the Roca Formation and overlies the Allen Formation. All of these formations belong to the Malargüe Group. Its name was coined by Windhausen in 1914. This unit, defined in the eastern area of the Neuquén Embayment, registers an event of marine flooding that happened during the ages Maastrichtian and Danian. It consists of mudrocks formed between the upper section or "Gypsum" of the Allen Formation, and the base of the first organogenic limestone of the Roca Formation. The Jagüel Formation is particularly important since a vast area of the formation contains the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary that marks the end of the Mesozoic Era. It also shows evidence of the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) extinction event. In this period of time, animal species became extinct, such as non–avian dinosaurs, the last marine reptiles, ammonites, and many groups of microfossils.

Danian
The Danian is the oldest age or lowest stage of the Paleocene Epoch or Series, of the Paleogene Period or System, and of the Cenozoic Era or Erathem. The beginning of the Danian (and the end of the preceding Maastrichtian) is at the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event 66 Ma. The age ended 61.66 Ma, being followed by the Selandian.
Washington County School District (Georgia)
The Washington County School District is a public school district in Washington County, Georgia, United States, based in Sandersville. It serves the communities of Davisboro, Deepstep, Harrison, Oconee, Riddleville, Sandersville, Warthen and Tennille.

Washington County, Georgia
Washington County is a county located in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 19,988. The county seat is Sandersville. The county was established on February 25, 1784. It was named for Revolutionary War general and President of the United States George Washington.
Stenerianthus
Stenerianthus annamensis is a species of grasshopper in the monotypic genus Stenerianthus. It is in the family Chorotypidae, subfamily Erianthinae. This "monkey grasshopper" was discovered in central Vietnam, with the type locality identified as "Lien Chien" near Da Nang.

Erianthinae
The Erianthinae are a subfamily of Asian grasshoppers in the family Chorotypidae and based on the type genus Erianthus. There are currently 12 genera and more than 40 described species recorded from southern China, Japan, Indo-China and Malesia.
Ernie McCoy (athletic director)
Ernest B. McCoy (July 20, 1904 – September 16, 1980) was an All-American basketball player at the University of Michigan from 1927 to 1929.  After graduating, he spent his entire professional career in college athletics, serving as the athletic director at Penn State (1952–1970), the athletic director at the University of Miami (1971–1973), and a basketball coach (1949–1952), assistant football coach, and assistant athletic director (1946–1952) at Michigan.  He is most remembered as the athletic director who hired Joe Paterno as head football coach at Penn State in 1966.

University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor
The  University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor, founded in 1978, recognizes University of Michigan athletes, coaches, and administrators who have made significant contributions to the university's athletic programs. To qualify for induction into the Hall of Honor, an individual must have been an All-American, set an NCAA, U.S., or world record, won an NCAA title, or made significant contributions to the university's athletic department as a coach or administrator. The nomination and selection process is conducted by the Letterwinners M Club executive board.
Mad Ice
Ahmed Mohamed Kakoyi (born in Masaka, Uganda on 8 October 1980) better known by his stage name Mad Ice is a Ugandan singer and songwriter of Raggamuffin and at a later stage with Afro-pop and Afro-soul music. He gained fame in Uganda, Tanzania and throughout Eastern Africa, later settling in Finland and developing a distinct world music career still singing mostly in Swahili and Luganda with some additional lyrics in English. Considered a world music performer from East Africa, he has appeared in jazz, world music, pop, rock and fusion festivals and has released studio albums Baby Gal, Mad Ice and Maneno and EP Maisha.

Afro-soul
Afro-soul is a genre of music that blends elements of soul music with African rhythms and instrumentation. It combines emotive vocal styles and lyrical themes characteristic of soul with traditional African musical elements, including indigenous rhythms, percussion instruments such as drums and shakers, and local languages or dialects.

While artists such as South African singer Miriam Makeba helped popularize soul-influenced African music in the 1950s and 1960s, the term "Afro-soul" has been more commonly used in later decades to describe a range of contemporary artists across Africa. The genre has since grown in popularity across the continent and internationally, often overlapping with styles like Afrobeat, neo-soul, and R&B.
Alfred Newton
Alfred Newton FRS HFRSE (11 June 1829 – 7 June 1907) was an English zoologist and ornithologist. Newton was Professor of Comparative Anatomy at Cambridge University from 1866 to 1907. Among his numerous publications were a four-volume Dictionary of Birds (1893–6), entries on ornithology in the Encyclopædia Britannica (9th edition) while also an editor of the journal Ibis from 1865 to 1870. In 1900 he was awarded the Royal Medal of the Royal Society and the Gold Medal of the Linnaean Society. He founded the British Ornithologists Union.

Comparative anatomy
Comparative anatomy is a study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species. It is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny (the evolution of species).

The science began in the classical era, continuing in the early modern period with work by Pierre Belon who noted the similarities of the skeletons of birds and humans.

Comparative anatomy has provided evidence of common descent, and has assisted in the classification of animals.
The Wizard's Tide
The Wizard's Tide: a story is a novella by the American author and theologian, Frederick Buechner. It was first published in 1990 by Harper and Row, before being re-issued in 2005 under the altered title, The Christmas Tide.

Harper (publisher)
Harper is an American publishing house, the flagship imprint of global publisher HarperCollins, based in New York City. Founded in New York in 1817 by James Harper and his brother John, the company operated as J. & J. Harper until 1833, when it changed its name to Harper & Brothers, reflecting the inclusion of Joseph and Fletcher Harper. Harper began publishing Harper's Magazine, Harper's Weekly, and other periodicals beginning in the 1850s. From 1962 to 1990, the company was known as Harper & Row after its merger with Row, Peterson & Company. Harper & Row was purchased in 1987 by News Corporation and combined with William Collins, Sons, its United Kingdom counterpart, in 1990 to form HarperCollins, although the Harper name has been used in its place since 2007.