hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kaare R. Norum
Kaare Reidar Norum (24 December 1932 – 22 November 2019) was a Norwegian physician and professor of nutrition. He served as rector of the University of Oslo from 1999 to 2001.

He was born in Oslo. He was hired as a docent at the University of Oslo in 1969 and advanced to professor in 1972. He served as vice dean of the Faculty of Medicine from 1983 to 1985, dean from 1986 to 1988 and rector from 1999 to 2001.

He was a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters since 1986; Commander of the Order of St. Olav in 1999 (Knight since 1992) and Commander of the Order of the Polar Star.

Norum became a member of Statens ernæringsråd in 1971 and chaired the council several times. He appeared numerous times in the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation, speaking on topics within nutrition, notably together with Ingrid Espelid Hovig.

Order of St. Olav
The Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav (Norwegian: Den Kongelige Norske Sankt Olavs Orden; or Sanct Olafs Orden, the old Norwegian name) is a Norwegian order of chivalry instituted by King Oscar I on 21 August 1847. It is named after King Olav II, known to posterity as St. Olav.

Just before the union with Sweden was dissolved in 1905, the Order of the Norwegian Lion was instituted in 1904 by King Oscar II, but no appointments were awarded by his successor, King Haakon VII. The Order of St. Olav thus became the kingdom's only order of chivalry for the next 80 years. The Grand Master of the order is the reigning monarch of Norway. It is used to reward individuals for remarkable accomplishments on behalf of the country and humanity. Since 1985, appointments to the order have only been conferred upon Norwegian citizens, though foreign heads of state and royalty may be appointed as a matter of courtesy.
HMS Africaine
Two ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Africaine:

HMS Africaine was a 38-gun fifth-rate frigate, previously the French L'Africaine. She was captured in 1801 by HMS Phoebe, and was broken up in 1816.

HMS Africaine (1827) was a 46-gun fifth-rate frigate launched in 1827. She was sold as a hulk to Trinity House in 1867 and was broken up in 1903.

French frigate Africaine (1798)
Africaine was one of two 40-gun Preneuse-class frigates of the French Navy built to a design by Raymond-Antoine Haran. She carried twenty-eight 18-pounder and twelve 8-pounder guns. The British captured her in 1801, only to have the French recapture her in 1810. They abandoned her at sea as she had been demasted and badly damaged, with the result that the British recaptured her the next day. She was broken up in 1816.
Mass matrix
In analytical mechanics, the mass matrix is a symmetric matrix M that expresses the connection between the time derivative  of the generalized coordinate vector q of a system and the kinetic energy T of that system, by the equation

where  denotes the transpose of the vector . This equation is analogous to the formula for the kinetic energy of a particle with mass m and velocity v, namely

and can be derived from it, by expressing the position of each particle of the system in terms of q.

In general, the mass matrix M depends on the state q, and therefore varies with time.

Lagrangian mechanics yields an ordinary differential equation (actually, a system of coupled differential equations) that describes the evolution of a system in terms of an arbitrary vector of generalized coordinates that completely defines the position of every particle in the system.  The kinetic energy formula above is one term of that equation, that represents the total kinetic energy of all the particles.

Kinetic energy
In physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the form of energy that it possesses due to its motion.

In classical mechanics, the kinetic energy of a non-rotating object of mass m traveling at a speed v is .

The kinetic energy of an object is equal to the work, or force (F) in the direction of motion times its displacement (s), needed to accelerate the object from rest to its given speed. The same amount of work is done by the object when decelerating from its current speed to a state of rest.

The SI unit of energy is the joule, while the English unit of energy is the foot-pound.

In relativistic mechanics,  is a good approximation of kinetic energy only when v is much less than the speed of light.
Kwabena Duffuor
Kwabena Duffuor was the Finance Minister of Ghana. He served as the governor of the Bank of Ghana. He was named as one of the four best Central Bank Governors in the World at an IMF/World Bank meeting in 1999. He is a Fellow of the Akuafo Hall, University of Ghana, and a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Bankers.

Duffuor is the founder and chairman of HODA Holdings, a business entity comprising Insurance, Banking, Real Estates, Farming, Mining and Media. He is also the founder and president of the Institute for Fiscal Studies in Ghana, a non-profit think-tank providing economic advocacy and training which he established in March, 2013. He is also the founder of uniBank which controversially collapsed in 2018.

Walbrook Institute London
Walbrook Institute London is a for-profit provider of apprenticeships, degrees and professional qualifications, with students being members of the LIBF professional body. It is one of five bodies in the UK accredited by the Financial Conduct Authority to maintain professional standards for financial advisors that use its services.

It was spun off in 2023 under the name LIBF from the London Institute of Banking & Finance (which continued its other charitable activities, including the award of Chartered Associate status, under the name of the London Foundation for Banking & Finance) and became a subsidiary of IU Group. LIBF changed its name to the Walbrook Institute London in 2025, with the LIBF brand continuing to be used for professional qualifications.
Mount Lapithas
Lapithas (Greek: Λαπίθας) is a mountain located in southern Elis in the western Peloponnese in Greece. The mountain is named after the legendary people, the Lapiths. In the west the mountain touches the Ionian Sea. It is 15 to 20 km long and 10 km wide and covers and area of 100 to 150 km². A large part of the mountain is covered with pine forests, but has suffered great damage in the forest fires of August 2007.

The Kaiafas Lake lies between the Lapithas and the Ionian Sea, northwest of the town Zacharo. The Greek National Road 76 (Megalopoli - Andritsaina - Krestena) passes northeast of the Lapithas, and the Greek National Road 9/E55 (Patras - Pyrgos - Kalamata) lies to the west.

National roads in Greece
A national road (Greek: Εθνική Οδός) is a class of all-purpose trunk roads in Greece. They are less important than a motorway but more important than a provincial road. The layout of the national road network varies a lot, ranging from fast multi-lane dual carriageways to twisting two-lane single carriageways.

The current system of national roads in Greece was created in July 1963, and have been updated many times since then. Most national roads have route numbers that begin with "EO", non-continuously from EO1 to EO99, but some (such as Thessaloniki Inner Ring Road) have no number.
IBM OpenDX
OpenDX stands for Open Data Explorer and is IBM's scientific data visualization software.  It can handle complex domains (such as a mechanical gear or a human brain) along with measured or computed data. The data may be scalar (such as the concentration of a chemical agent in the brain), vector or tensor fields (like the displacement or strain tensor fields when the gear is in action) at different points of the object. The points at which data is measured don't have to be equally spaced and not need to be homogeneously spaced. The project started in 1991 as Visualization Data Explorer.

OpenDX can produce 3D images with the quantities plotted as color or gray-scale coded, or as vectors, streamlines and ribbons. It allows the object to be sliced to obtain a view of the internal structure, and then represent the data on this slice plane as a height-coded graph. It can rotate the object to provide a view of the data from any angle and allows animations of this motion to be made.

Maximum and minimum
In mathematical analysis, the maximum and minimum of a function are, respectively, the greatest and least value taken by the function. Known generically as extrema, they may be defined either within a given range (the local or relative extrema) or on the entire domain (the global or absolute extrema) of a function. Pierre de Fermat was one of the first mathematicians to propose a general technique, adequality, for finding the maxima and minima of functions.

As defined in set theory, the maximum and minimum of a set are the greatest and least elements in the set, respectively. Unbounded infinite sets, such as the set of real numbers, have no minimum or maximum.

In statistics, the corresponding concept is the sample maximum and minimum.
Galhareri District
Galhareri District (Somali: Galhareeri) is a district in the southwestern Galgaduud region of Somalia. Galhareri shares borders with Harardheere to the north, Ceeldheer to the northeast, Derri  to the east, Wabho to the west, and El Buur to the south. It is the third-largest city in the Galgadud region.

As of 2017, it has a population of 121,200. It is one of the oldest cities in the Galmudug State. The city is inhabited by the Murusade clans: Majabe Sabti specialy Habar-Idinle and  Abdalla Sabti .

In 1970s Galhareeri became the most important city and itsvannounced District In Galgadud by former President “SIYYAD BARRE” Iron First administration in 1980
The Murusade clans have lived in prosperity for a long time and they ruled with strict "Islamic Sharia law" under, Murusade a sub-clans of the larger "KARANLE Hawiye" Ethnics..

Abdalla Sabti
Abdalla Sabti (Somali: Cabdalle Sabdi, also spelled Cabdalla Sabdi; Arabic: عبد الله السبتي) are a Somali clan belonging to the larger Murusade clan, which itself belongs to the larger Karanle branch of the Hawiye clan. Its members live in Banaadir, Galgaduud and Lower Shebelle.
An Elephant for Aristotle
An Elephant for Aristotle is a 1958 historical novel by American writer L. Sprague de Camp. It was first published in hardback by Doubleday, and in paperback by Curtis in 1971. The first British edition was published by Dobson in 1966. The book was reissued with a new introduction by Harry Turtledove as a trade paperback and e-book by Phoenix Pick in March 2013. It is the first of de Camp's historical novels in order of writing, and the third chronologically. It has been translated into German.

Athenaeum of Philadelphia
The Athenaeum of Philadelphia, located at 219 S. 6th Street between St. James Place and Locust Street in the Society Hill section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is a special collections library and museum founded in 1814. The Athenaeum's purpose, according to its organizational principles, is to collect materials "connected with the history and antiquities of America, and the useful arts, and generally to disseminate useful knowledge" for public benefit.

The Athenaeum's collections include architecture and interior design history, particularly for the period 1800 to 1945.  The institution focuses on the history of American architecture and building technology, and houses architectural archives of 180,000 drawings, over 350,000 photographs, and manuscript holdings of about 1,000 American architects.

Since 1950, the Athenaeum has sponsored the annual Athenaeum Literary Award for works of fiction and non-fiction.
Bubnovsky
Bubnovsky (Russian: Бубновский) is a rural locality (a khutor) and the administrative center of Bubnovskoye Rural Settlement, Uryupinsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,029 as of 2010. There are 18 streets.

Uryupinsky District
Uryupinsky District (Russian: Урю́пинский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-three in Volgograd Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Uryupinsky Municipal District. It is located in the northwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 3,460 square kilometers (1,340 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Uryupinsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 28,775 (2010 Census); 30,615 (2002 Census); 33,266 (1989 Soviet census).
Thomastown, Mississippi
Thomastown is an unincorporated community in Leake County, Mississippi, United States. The junction of Mississippi Highway 43 and Mississippi Highway 429 was placed at Thomastown, some 11.9 miles (19.2 km) northwest of Carthage.

Carthage, Mississippi
The city of Carthage is the county seat of Leake County, Mississippi, United States. As of the 2020 census, Carthage had a population of 4,901.

Carthage is home to the Carthage Historic District including the Leake County Courthouse, a Mississippi Landmark. The largest chicken processing plant in the world is located in Carthage.
Franck Touron
Franck Touron (born 1 December 1970) is a French football manager and former professional player who played as a defender. He spent most of his playing career at Nîmes. As of the 2021–22 season, he is an assistant manager at Départemental 2 club Paulhan-Pézenas.

Nîmes Olympique
Nîmes Olympique (commonly referred to as simply Nîmes) is a French association football club based in Nîmes. The club was founded on 12 April 1937 and currently plays in the Championnat National 2, the fourth tier of French football. The Stade des Antonins is the club's home stadium.
Nick Matzke
Nicholas J. Matzke is the former Public Information Project Director at the National Center for Science Education (NCSE) and served an instrumental role in NCSE's preparation for the 2005 Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District trial. One of his chief contributions was discovering drafts of Of Pandas and People which demonstrated that the term "intelligent design" was later substituted for "creationism". This became a key component of Barbara Forrest's testimony. After the trial he co-authored a commentary in Nature Immunology, was interviewed on Talk of the Nation, and was profiled in Seed as one of nine "revolutionary minds".

Nature Immunology
Nature Immunology is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering immunology. It was established in 2000, as an expansion of the Nature family of journals. The editor-in-chief is Jamie D. K. Wilson.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 31.250, ranking it 4th out of 161 journals in the category "Immunology".
Upper Palatine-Upper Main Hills
The Upper Palatine-Upper Main Hills (German: Oberpfälzisch-Obermainisches Hügelland), also called the Upper Palatine-Upper Main Hills and Uplands (Oberpfälzisch-Obermainisches Hügel- und Bergland) form a landscape of low, rolling hills between the Franconian Jura in the southwest and (from northwest to southeast) the Franconian Forest, Fichtel Mountains and Upper Palatine Forest in the northeast.

The region runs from northwest to southeast and is about 170 kilometres long, but only  7 to 35 kilometres wide and lies mainly in the Bavarian administrative provinces of Upper Franconia and Upper Palatinate; small elements, however, also lie within the Thuringian county of Sonneberg. Its best known settlements are (from northwest to southeast) Sonneberg (in the extreme northeast), Kulmbach, Marktzeuln near Lichtenfels (at the northwest edge), Bayreuth, Weiden (Ostrand), Amberg and Schwandorf.

Franconian Forest
The Franconian Forest (German: Frankenwald, pronounced [ˈfʁaŋkn̩ˌvalt] ⓘ), is a mid-altitude mountain range in Northern Bavaria, Germany. It is located in the district of Upper Franconia (Oberfranken) and forms the geological connection between the Fichtel Mountains and the Thuringian Forest. It is a broad well-wooded plateau, running for about 45 kilometres (28 mi) in a northwesterly direction, descending gently on the north and eastern sides towards the Saale river, but more precipitously to the Bavarian plain in the west, and attaining its highest elevation in the Döbraberg near Schwarzenbach am Wald (794 metres). Along the centre lies the watershed between the basins of the Main and the Saale, belonging to the systems of the Rhine and Elbe respectively. A protected nature reserve, Höllental, is located in the Forest.
Grand Hotel, Broadway
The Grand Hotel was a pub located at Broadway, Railway Square, in the suburb of Haymarket, Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia.

The hotel was established in 1849 and demolished in 1983, where it was situated at 815-821 George Street, Haymarket and backed onto Bijou Lane as its rear entrance. The Grand Hotel was later replaced by a $3.6 million motel development complex which included retail shops. Some of the original structure remains at the back but from the front it is totally unrecognisable from its original look.

Railway Square
Railway Square is a public space and locality at the southern end of the Sydney central business district, New South Wales, Australia, formed by the confluence of George Street, Lee Street, Quay Street and Pitt Street. The square is named for its proximity to the railway at Central Station,  Sydney's and Australia's largest and busiest station. The square itself is a very busy intersection for vehicles and pedestrians and the site of a major Sydney bus interchange managed by Transport for NSW. The University of Technology, Chinatown, Haymarket and Central Park, Sydney are all in close proximity to Railway Square.
North Owersby
North Owersby is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Owersby, in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England, and about 6 miles (10 km) north from the town of Market Rasen. In 1866 North Owersby became a civil parish, on 1 April 1936 the parish was abolished and merged with Owersby. In 1931 the parish had a population of 249.

The parish church is dedicated to Saint Martin and is a Grade II listed building. It was totally rebuilt 1762 using medieval ironstone masonry, and was altered in the 19th century. The font dates from the 18th century.

There are two Grade II listed farmhouses in the village, Hall Farm, and Manor Farm, both of which were built of yellow brick about 1835.

Ironstone
Ironstone is a sedimentary rock, either deposited directly as a ferruginous sediment or created by chemical replacement, that contains a substantial proportion of an iron ore compound from which iron (Fe) can be smelted commercially.

Not to be confused with native or telluric iron, which is very rare and found in metallic form, the term ironstone is customarily restricted to hard, coarsely banded, non-banded, and non-cherty sedimentary rocks of post-Precambrian age. The Precambrian deposits, which have a different origin, are generally known as banded iron formations. The iron minerals comprising ironstones can consist either of oxides, i.e. limonite, hematite, and magnetite; carbonates, i.e. siderite; silicates, i.e. chamosite; or some combination of these minerals.
Post-glacial rebound
Post-glacial rebound (also called isostatic rebound or crustal rebound) is the rise of land masses after the removal of the huge weight of ice sheets during the last glacial period, which had caused isostatic depression. Post-glacial rebound and isostatic depression are phases of glacial isostasy (glacial isostatic adjustment, glacioisostasy), the  deformation of the Earth's crust in response to changes in ice mass distribution. The direct raising effects of post-glacial rebound are readily apparent in parts of Northern Eurasia, Northern America, Patagonia, and Antarctica. However, through the processes of ocean siphoning and continental levering, the effects of post-glacial rebound on sea level are felt globally far from the locations of current and former ice sheets.

Mantle (geology)
A mantle is a layer inside a planetary body bounded below by a core and above by a crust. Mantles are made of rock or ices, and are generally the largest and most massive layer of the planetary body. Mantles are characteristic of planetary bodies that have undergone differentiation by density.  All terrestrial planets (including Earth), half of the giant planets, specifically ice giants, a number of asteroids, and some planetary moons have mantles.
Pakistan Chrome Mines Ltd
Pakistan Chrome Mines Ltd. is a mining company that owns and operates Chromite  and Magnesite mines in Balochistan Province. It was initially incorporated as Baluchistan Chrome Mines Ltd in 1902 during colonial rule.

The company was  owned by Pacific Energy & Mining Co. of Reno, Nevada.

The mines are located in Zhob District in Baluchistan also in shangla district, specifically in Muslimbagh, Khanozai, Nisai and Gwal.  Some of the Deposits are located in Southern Baluchistan near Khuzdar.

Khuzdar
Khuzdar (Balochi: هزدار, Urdu: خضدار, pronounced ['xʊzd̪ɑːɾ]) also known as Hozdar, is a city and the administrative headquarters of Khuzdar District in Balochistan province of Pakistan. Khuzdar is surrounded by the mountainous region of the southwestern portion of the country near central Balochistan. In terms of population, it is the 3rd-largest city in the province and 49th-largest in the country. As of the 2023 Pakistani census, the estimated population of the city is 228,112.

Historically, Khuzdar was the main city and capital of the Jhalawan province of the Khanate of Kalat. From October 1952 to 1955, it was a part of the Balochistan States Union. In 1955, Khuzdar became the capital of the newly formed Kalat Division before it became a district of its own in 1974. Gresha, a tehsil of Khuzdar District, is almost 80 km (50 mi) from Khuzdar city. As of 2023, it is the largest Brahui-speaking city.
Robert of Bounalbergo
Robert of Bounalbergo (died 1121), son of Gerard (Girard) of Buanalbergo (d. 1086) and his wife whose name is unknown.  Girard was the nephew of Alberada of Buonalbergo, who married Robert Guiscard and was mother to Bohemond I of Antioch.

Robert took the Cross and joined the First Crusade under Hugh the Great, Count of Vermandois, youngest son of Henry I of France and Anne of Kiev.  He was with Hugh’s army during the Siege of Nicaea.  Robert later joined his relative Bohemond as part of his army of the First Crusade as Constable and Standard-bearer.  He returned from the Crusades sometime prior to 1112.

It is not known whether Robert married.  Richard, Count of Acerra, is identified as a grandson of Gerard and so was either Robert’s son or nephew.

Robert was murdered in 1121 under unknown circumstances. He was buried in the abbey of St. Sophia in Benevento.

Santa Sofia, Benevento
Santa Sofia is a Roman Catholic church in the town of Benevento, in the region of Campania, in southern Italy; founded in the late-8th century, it retains many elements of its original Lombard architecture.

In 2011, it became a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of a group of seven inscribed as Longobards in Italy. Places of the power (568–774 A.D.).