hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
St John's Methodist Church, Arbroath
St John's Methodist Church, on Ponderlaw Street, Arbroath, Scotland, was founded by John Wesley on 6 May 1772. The nave is octagonal and the church has been nicknamed Totum Kirkie from 'totum', an eight-sided spinning top, and 'kirk', the Scottish word for church. It is a listed building and the second-oldest Methodist church in Scotland.

Kirk (word)
Kirk is a Scottish and former Northern English word meaning 'church'. The term the Kirk is often used informally to refer specifically to the Church of Scotland, the Scottish national church that developed from the 16th-century Scottish Reformation. Many place names and personal first and last names are derived from kirk.
Siege of Exeter (1642)
50°43′00″N 3°32′00″W﻿ / ﻿50.716667°N 3.533333°W﻿ / 50.716667; -3.533333

The siege of Exeter (1642) or first siege of Exeter took place during the First English Civil War from late December 1642 to early January 1643 when Royalists led by Sir Ralph Hopton attempted to capture the port of Exeter from the Parliamentarians.

Ralph Hopton, 1st Baron Hopton
Ralph Hopton, 1st Baron Hopton KB, JP, DL, MP (1596 – 28 September 1652) was an English politician, military officer and peer. During the First English Civil War, he served as Royalist commander in the West Country, and was made Baron Hopton of Stratton in 1643.

Along with his close friend Sir Edward Hyde (later the Earl of Clarendon), he was made advisor to the future Charles II, when he was appointed to rule the West in early 1644. He commanded the last significant Royalist field army, and followed Charles into exile after surrendering in March 1646. A devout supporter of the Church of England, his personal opposition to Catholicism and Presbyterianism meant he took no further part in the 1638 to 1651 Wars of the Three Kingdoms. He died in Bruges in 1652.

In his stated account of the war, Clarendon described him as 'a man of great honour, integrity, and piety, of great courage and industry, and an excellent officer for any command but the supreme, to which he was not equal'.
Canton of Brest-5
The canton of Brest-5 is an administrative division of the Finistère department, northwestern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Brest.

It consists of the following communes:

Brest (partly)

Finistère
Finistère (/ˌfɪnɪˈstɛər/; French: [finistɛʁ] ⓘ; Breton: Penn-ar-Bed [ˌpɛnarˈbeːt]) is a department of France in the extreme west of Brittany. Its prefecture is Quimper and its largest city is Brest. In 2019, it had a population of 915,090.
Plogastel-Saint-Germain
Plogastel-Saint-Germain (French pronunciation: [plɔɡastɛl sɛ̃ ʒɛʁmɛ̃]; Breton: Plogastell-Sant-Jermen) is a commune in the department of Finistère, in the Brittany region, 15 km west of Quimper. Belonging to Pays Bigouden, within the former political and religious region of Cornouaille, its territory of 31 km2 has a resolutely rural character. There is still a large majority of cultivated land and agricultural areas (80% of its area), not to mention forests (10%) and meadows (8%).The municipalities (or old municipalities, urban areas) bordering Ploegastel-Saint-Germain include: Gourlizon, Landudec, Peumerit，Plonéour-Lanvern, Plovan, Pluguffan,Plozévet.

Cornouaille
Cornouaille (French pronunciation: [kɔʁnwaj] ⓘ; Breton: Kernev, Kerne) is a historical region on the west coast of Brittany in West France. The name is cognate with Cornwall in neighbouring Great Britain. This can be explained by the settlement of Cornouaille by migrant princes from Cornwall who created an independent principality founded by Rivelen Mor Marthou, and the founding of the Bishopric of Cornouaille by ancient saints from Cornwall. Celtic Britons and the settlers in Brittany spoke a common language, which later evolved into Breton, Welsh and Cornish.
Matthew B. Durrant
Matthew B. Durrant (born March 27, 1957) is the chief justice of the Utah Supreme Court. He is a graduate of both Brigham Young University and Harvard Law School. Durrant had a clerkship with Judge Monroe McKay of the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit, a position as a lawyer for the Utah firm Parr, Brown, Gee, and Loveless for over a decade, and time spent on the bench of Utah's Third Judicial District.

United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
The United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit (in case citations, 10th Cir.) is a federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following districts:

District of Colorado

District of Kansas

District of New Mexico

Eastern District of Oklahoma

Northern District of Oklahoma

Western District of Oklahoma

District of Utah

District of Wyoming

Although the 37th United States Congress passed the Tenth Circuit Act of 1863, the circuit ceased to exist after six years due to the Judiciary Act of 1869. These districts were part of the Eighth Circuit until 1929.
The court is composed of nineteen active judges and is based at the Byron White U.S. Courthouse in Denver, Colorado. It is one of thirteen United States courts of appeals and has jurisdiction over 560,625 square miles, or roughly one seventh of the country's land mass.
Catoctin Creek Bridge
The Catoctin Creek Bridge crosses over Catoctin Creek in Loudoun County, Virginia.

It currently carries Virginia Route 673, also known as Featherbed Lane. Originally located at a crossing of nearby Goose Creek, carrying the Leesburg Turnpike, it was later Virginia State Route 7, but was relocated in 1932 to its present location.

It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 24, 1974.

Catoctin Creek (Virginia)
Catoctin Creek is a 14.1-mile-long (22.7 km) tributary of the Potomac River in Loudoun County, Virginia, with a watershed of 59,000 acres (240 km2). Agricultural lands make up 67 percent and forests 30 percent of Catoctin Creek's watershed.  It is the main drainage system for the northern Loudoun Valley, including all of the Catoctin Valley.
Hegyhátsál TV Tower
Hegyhátsál TV Tower is a 117-meter tall transmission tower near Hegyhátsál at Hungary at 46°57'21N and 16°39'08E. Hegyhátsál TV tower is a tower is one
of the few partially guyed towers as it consists of a concrete tower as basement with a guyed mast on its top. 
Hegyhátsál TV Tower is not only used for FM- and TV-broadcasting, it carries also instruments for measuring the
concentration of carbon dioxide. Therefore, it carries corresponding devices 10, 48, 82 and 115 metres above ground.
At the uppermost measuring sites also instruments for measuring wind speed, wind direction, temperature and air humidity are mounted on a 4.4 metre long arm.

Thermometer
A thermometer is a device that measures temperature (the hotness or coldness of an object) or temperature gradient (the rates of change of temperature in space). A thermometer has two important elements: (1) a temperature sensor (e.g. the bulb of a mercury-in-glass thermometer or the pyrometric sensor in an infrared thermometer) in which some change occurs with a change in temperature; and (2) some means of converting this change into a numerical value (e.g. the visible scale that is marked on a mercury-in-glass thermometer or the digital readout on an infrared model). Thermometers are widely used in technology and industry to monitor processes, in meteorology, in medicine (medical thermometer), and in scientific research.
Monstertrack alleycat
Monstertrack is an illegal alleycat race originally held in New York City in 2000. The race was conceived by a bicycle messenger known as 'Snake'. The race is exclusively for riders on brakeless fixed-gear bicycles. The event gained popularity along with that of the use of track and fixed-gear bicycles on urban streets in the 2000s.

Carlos "Diablo" and Victor Ouma "Freeway" worked as bike couriers, but took on roles of race organizers, and also participated in alleycat races.  The pair made the alleycat scene in New York more popular by using the internet to spread the word about bike racing in New York. Monstertrack is billed as the largest alleycat in the U.S., attracting scofflaws from Europe and Japan.

Track bicycle
A track bicycle or track bike is a bicycle optimized for racing at a velodrome or outdoor track. Unlike road bicycles, the track bike is a fixed-gear bicycle; thus, it has only a single gear ratio and has neither a freewheel nor brakes. Tires are narrow and inflated to high pressure to reduce rolling resistance.
Trams in Alexandria
The Alexandria tramway network serves the city of Alexandria, Egypt. It began operating in 1863 and consists of 20 lines operating on 32 kilometers (20 mi) of the track, serving 140 stops. It is one of only a few tram systems in the world that uses double-deck cars; other examples are Blackpool in the UK and Hong Kong. The system is a 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge.

San Stefano (neighborhood)
San Stefano (Egyptian Arabic: سان ستفانو) is a neighborhood in Alexandria, Egypt. The area was known for a landmark hotel-casino that was demolished in the late 1990s.  That hotel was replaced by the San Stefano Grand Plaza, a hotel-apartment-shopping mall complex that includes a Four Seasons luxury hotel, opened in 2007 and apartments, housed in the tallest building in Alexandria (135 m (443 ft)).
2017 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's doubles
The 2017 World Table Tennis Championships women's doubles was the 53rd edition of the women's doubles championship. Liu Shiwen and Zhu Yuling were the defending champions but decided not to play together this year.

Ding Ning and Liu defeated Chen Meng and Zhu 9–11, 11–8, 11–13, 11–8, 11–6, 6–11, 11–9 in the final.

Liu Shiwen
Liu Shiwen (Chinese: 刘诗雯; pinyin: Liú Shīwén; born 12 April 1991) is a Chinese table tennis player. She is a five-time World Cup champion, one-time World Champion, three-time ITTF World Tour Grand Finals champion and four-time Asian Cup champion.

She held the ITTF No. 1 rank for nine consecutive months from January to September 2010, thirteen consecutive months during 2013–2014, and eleven consecutive months during 2015–2016. Also, she has been consistently ranked first or second in ITTF Women's World ranking from early 2012 to mid-2017 (with no lower rank than third).
Colfax, California
Colfax (formerly Alden Grove, Alder Grove, Illinoistown, and Upper Corral) is a city in Placer County, California, at the crossroads of Interstate 80 and State Route 174.  The population was 1,995 at the 2020 census.  The town is named in honor of U.S. Vice President Schuyler Colfax (1869–73), a bronze statue of whom stands at Railroad Street and Grass Valley Street. (This is one of two known statues of Schuyler Colfax in the United States, the other located in Indianapolis, Indiana.)

Some of the town's notable features include the newly restored Southern Pacific Railroad colonnade-style depot (which houses the Colfax Museum and Chamber of Commerce) built in 1905, the downtown shops on Main Street, and Colfax High School, which serves a large surrounding area.

Amtrak Thruway
Amtrak Thruway is a system of transportation services to connect passengers with areas not served by Amtrak trains. In most cases these are dedicated motorcoach routes, but can also be non-dedicated intercity bus services, transit buses, vans, taxis, ferry boats and commuter rail trains.

Train and Thruway tickets are typically purchased together from Amtrak for the length of a passenger's journey and connections are timed for guaranteed transfers between the two services.
Jwé
Jwé is a kind of rural music from Saint Lucia, performed informally at wakes, beach parties, full moon gatherings and other informal events, including débòt dances.  Jwé uses raunchy lyrics and innuendos to show off verbal skills, and to express political and comedic commentaries on current events and well-known individuals.  One well-known technique that has entered Lucian culture is lang dévivé, which is when the singer says the opposite of his true meaning.

Innuendo
An innuendo is a hint, insinuation or intimation about a person or thing, especially of a denigrating or derogatory nature. It can also be a remark or question, typically disparaging  (also called insinuation), that works obliquely by allusion. In the latter sense, the intention is often to insult or accuse someone in such a way that one's words, taken literally, are innocent.

According to the Advanced Oxford Learner's Dictionary, an innuendo is "an indirect remark about somebody or something, usually suggesting something bad, mean or rude", such as: "innuendos about her private life" or "The song is full of sexual innuendo".
Serviettenknödel
Serviettenknödel, (German pronunciation [ˈzɛʁviˌɛtn̩ˌknøːdl̩]) also called Serviettenklöße (lit. "napkin dumpling") are a kind of bread dumplings made from dried wheat bread rolls like Kaiser rolls, milk and eggs. Servierttenknödel are a middle European dish made from the same dough as Semmelknödel and are usually served as a side dish. They are sometimes served as a main course or a dessert.

Many recipes vary greatly from region to region, both in the method of preparation and in the dough used. This covers the whole range of dumpling doughs in terms of base, leavening agents, and spices.

Bread
Bread is a baked food product made from water, flour, and often yeast. It is a staple food across the world, particularly in Europe and the Middle East. Throughout recorded history and around the world, it has been an important part of many cultures' diets. It is one of the oldest human-made foods, having been of significance since the dawn of agriculture, and plays an essential role in both religious rituals and secular culture.

Bread may be leavened by naturally occurring microbes (e.g. sourdough), chemicals (e.g. baking soda), industrially produced yeast, or high-pressure aeration, which creates the gas bubbles that fluff up bread. Bread may also be unleavened. In many countries, mass-produced bread often contains additives to improve flavor, texture, color, shelf life, nutrition, and ease of production.
Niklas Appelgren
Niklas Appelgren (born June 24, 1990) is a Finnish professional ice hockey winger who currently represents Saimaan Pallo of the Liiga.

Appelgren previously played in Mestis for KooKoo and Hermes before making his Liiga debut for Sport during the 2016–17 season, playing two games during a loan spell from Hermes.

On April 13, 2017, Appelgren signed for Ässät. Appelgren played with Ässät for six years. Appelgren stopped playing for Ässät and became a free agent after the 2022–23 season. Appelgren signed a two-year deal with Saimaan Pallo.

KooKoo (ice hockey)
KooKoo is a Finnish ice hockey team playing in the first level of Finnish ice hockey league Liiga. KooKoo plays in the Lumon arena (capacity 5,950), in Kouvola.  The team was established in 1965 and the previous name of the club is Kouvolan Kiekko-65.
Janggala
The Kingdom of Janggala is one of the two Javanese kingdoms that was formed when Airlangga abdicated his throne in favour of his two sons in 1045. The other Kingdom was Kediri.: 147  The Kingdom of Janggala comprised the northeastern part of the Kingdom of Kahuripan.

Old Javanese
Old Javanese or Kawi is an Austronesian language and the oldest attested phase of the Javanese language. It was natively spoken in the central and eastern part of Java Island, what is now Central Java, Yogyakarta and East Java Provinces, Indonesia. 
As a literary language, Kawi was used across Java and on the islands of Madura, Bali, and Lombok.
The Way of the Cross Downtown Chicago
The Way of the Cross Downtown Chicago is an annual public event sponsored by the Catholic lay movement Communion and Liberation. The Way of the Cross takes place on Good Friday and follows the passion of Christ through the heart of the city. Through choral music, Gospel passages, reflections, and silent procession, the hope is to enter more deeply into the events of Good Friday and their meaning today. It is an entreaty to experience the exceptional presence of Christ as a real answer to the needs of the heart.

Communion and Liberation
Communion and Liberation (Italian: Comunione e Liberazione, often shortened to CL), since 1980 officially Fraternity of Communion and Liberation (Italian: Fraternità di Comunione e Liberazione), it is an international Catholic movement founded in 1954 by Fr. Luigi Giussani as Student Youth (Gioventù Studentesca), with the aim of presenting the Christian event in a way which is in tune with contemporary culture, making it a source of new values for the modern world. The movement is in ninety countries on nearly every continent.

The name "Communion and Liberation" first appeared in 1969, and it synthesizes the conviction that the Christian event, lived in "communion" is the foundation of man's authentic "liberation".
Gulgula (doughnut)
Gulgula (Bhojpuri: 𑂏𑂳𑂪𑂏𑂳𑂪𑂰, romanized: Gulgula) is a traditional sweet made in different regions of India. It is one of the most popular sweets in the market places, it is traditionally made on specific festive occasions in rural areas. They are common in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab, Odisha, Haryana, Rajasthan and are also made by overseas Indians in Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, Suriname, Jamaica, Mauritius, the United States, South Africa, and Fiji.

They are similar to donut holes in USA, and are very simple to make. They use ordinary wheat flour, sugar (traditionally jaggery), and occasionally spices (fennel seeds are common) for flavoring. Yogurt, banana pulp, yeast or baking powder may be used. They are fried in oil or ghee just like donuts. In the Caribbean, they are made using overripened bananas which are mixed with flour and spices and then fried.

Fennel
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a flowering plant species in the carrot family. It is a hardy, perennial herb with yellow flowers and feathery leaves. It is indigenous to the shores of the Mediterranean but has become widely naturalized in many parts of the world, especially on dry soils near the sea coast and on riverbanks.

It is a highly flavorful herb used in cooking and, along with the similar-tasting anise, is one of the primary ingredients of absinthe. Florence fennel or finocchio (UK: /fɪˈnɒkioʊ/, US: /-ˈnoʊk-/, Italian: [fiˈnɔkkjo]) is a selection with a swollen, bulb-like stem base (sometimes called bulb fennel) that is used as a vegetable.
John Lovett (American football coach)
John Lovett (born December 1, 1950) is an American football coach. He was the defensive backs coach for the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL) from 2013–2014. He was the defensive coordinator for Maine in 1994, Auburn from 1999–2001, Clemson from 2002–2004, Bowling Green from 2005–2006, and Miami from 2009–2010.

Lovett has coached in nine bowl games: the 1997 Motor City Bowl, 1998 Independence Bowl, 2000 Citrus Bowl, 2001 Peach Bowl, 2002 Tangerine Bowl, 2004 Peach Bowl, 2008 Meineke Car Care Bowl, 2009 Champs Sports Bowl, the 2010 Sun Bowl, and the 2012 Meineke Car Care Bowl of Texas.

2008 Meineke Car Care Bowl
The 2008 Meineke Car Care Bowl was the seventh edition of the college football bowl game, and was played at Bank of America Stadium in Charlotte, North Carolina.  The game started at 1:00 p.m. US EST on Saturday, December 27, 2008. The game, telecast on ESPN, pitted the North Carolina Tar Heels against the West Virginia Mountaineers, with the Mountaineers winning over the Heels 31–30. The crowd of 73,712 was the largest in the bowl's seven-year history and the largest ever to see a college football game in the state of North Carolina.  It was also the fourth-largest crowd of the 2008 bowl season, and the second-largest for a non-BCS bowl.
Handball at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's qualification
The women's qualification for the Olympic handball tournament occurred between November 2022 and April 2024, assigning quota places to the twelve squads for the Games: the hosts, the world champion, four continental champions (Africa, Europe, Asia and Oceania, and the Americas), and six teams from the IHF World Olympic qualifying tournaments, respectively.

Handball at the Summer Olympics
Handball at the Summer Olympics refers to two different sports. Field handball was introduced for men at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, but dropped after that. At the 1952 Olympics, field handball was a demonstration sport. (Indoor) handball was introduced for men at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. Women's handball competition was introduced at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal.
Blair Davidson
Blair Murray Davidson (born April 10, 1955) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played in the World Hockey Association (WHA). Drafted in the third round of the 1975 NHL Amateur Draft by the Detroit Red Wings, Davidson opted to play in the WHA after being selected by the Phoenix Roadrunners in the third round of the 1975 WHA Amateur Draft. He played in two games for the Roadrunners during the 1976–77 WHA season. His son, Matt Davidson, played in the National Hockey League (NHL).

1975 NHL amateur draft
The 1975 NHL amateur draft was the 13th NHL entry draft. It was held at the NHL office in Montreal, Quebec. The two-time defending Stanley Cup champion Philadelphia Flyers made the most noise at the draft, trading Bill Clement, Don McLean, and the 18th overall pick to the Washington Capitals for the number one overall selection, which they used to select Mel Bridgman. Later in round nine the Flyers became the first NHL team to select a Soviet-born and trained player in the amateur draft, selecting Latvian Viktor Khatulev 160th pick overall.

The last active player in the NHL from this draft class was Dave Taylor, who retired after the 1993–94 season.
Alain Choquart
Alain Choquart (born September 26, 1960, in Sablé-sur-Sarthe) is a French cinematographer who later became a director and screenwriter, and then an author. He is particularly known for his collaboration with Bertrand Tavernier, with whom he has worked on ten films.

Sablé-sur-Sarthe
Sablé-sur-Sarthe (French pronunciation: [sable syʁ saʁt], literally Sablé on Sarthe), commonly referred to as Sablé, is a commune in the Sarthe department, in the Pays de la Loire region, western France. It is about 40 km southwest of Le Mans and about 50 km northeast of Angers.
Sternarchella
Sternarchella, the bulldog knifefishes, is a genus of ghost knifefishes found at depths of 2–50 m (7–164 ft) in the main channel of large rivers in South America. Most are from the Amazon basin, but S. orthos is found both in the Amazon and Orinoco, S. orinoco is restricted to the Orinoco and S. curvioperculata restricted to the upper Paraná basin (however, the last species likely belongs in another genus, possibly Apteronotus). They are often common in their habitat.

They have a blunt or pointed snout (none have the greatly elongated snout found in some other knifefish), reduced pigmentation and reach up to 18.5–40.5 cm (7.3–15.9 in) in total length depending on the species. They feed on invertebrates and small fish.

Orinoco
The Orinoco (Spanish pronunciation: [oɾiˈnoko]) is one of the longest rivers in South America at 2,140 km (1,330 mi). Its drainage basin, sometimes known as the Orinoquia, covers approximately 1,000,000 km2 (390,000 sq mi), with 65% of it in Venezuela and 35% in Colombia. It is the fourth largest river in the world by discharge volume of water (39,000 m3/s (1,400,000 cu ft/s) at delta) due to the high precipitation throughout its catchment area (2,300 millimetres per are [0.084 in/sq ft]). The Orinoco River and its tributaries are the major transportation system for eastern and interior Venezuela and the Llanos of Colombia. The environment and wildlife in the Orinoco's basin are extremely diverse.