hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
German submarine U-1057
German submarine U-1057 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

She was ordered on 5 June 1941, and was laid down on 21 June 1943 at Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft AG, Kiel, as yard number 691. She was launched on 20 April 1944 and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Günther Lüth on 20 May 1944.

Oberleutnant zur See
Oberleutnant zur See (OLt zS or OLZS in the German Navy, Oblt.z.S. in the Kriegsmarine) is traditionally the highest rank of Lieutenant in the German Navy. It is grouped as OF-1 in NATO.

The rank was introduced in the Imperial German Navy by renaming the former rank of Premier Lieutenant in 1890. Within the navy, officers of this rank were simply addressed as Herr Oberleutnant. To distinguish naval officers from those of the army, the suffix zur See (at sea) was added in official communications, sometimes shortened to z.S. (Oblt.z.S.). The rank has since been used by the Reichsmarine, Kriegsmarine, and Bundesmarine.  In the Volksmarine, the rank was originally used in the same way until the suffix zur See was dropped. In the Kriegsmarine, engineers (Ingenieur – Ing.) of the same rank were distinguished as Oberleutnant (Ing.).
Björn J:son Lindh
Björn J:son Lindh (born Björn Lindh; 25 October 1944 – 21 December 2013) was a Swedish flautist, pianist, music arranger, composer and artist. He worked in such diverse musical styles as jazz, classical, fusion, rock, prog rock and ethno. He composed for instance chamber music, symphonic works, concertos for various instruments and choirs as well as film scores for feature films and TV series in Scandinavia. J:son Lindh scored music for films such as Mannen på taket, directed by Bo Widerberg and Jägarna, directed by Kjell Sundvall.

J:son Lindh's ancestors' family name was Jansson for several generations. His father changed the family name to Lindh in 1931. The name combination J:son Lindh, where J:son originates from the family name Jansson, has been used since then, but was only in 2009 approved by the Swedish Patent and Registration Office as a family name.

Swedish Intellectual Property Office
The Swedish Intellectual Property Office, formerly the National [Swedish] Patent and Registration Office (Swedish: Patent- och registreringsverket, PRV), is a Swedish government agency based in Stockholm and Söderhamn in charge of patents, trademarks and industrial designs. The Office acts as Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) authority, i.e. International Searching Authority (ISA) and International Preliminary Examining Authority (IPEA). Anna Jardfelt is the current Director General of the Office.

Its two-letter code is SE.
Best of Soulhead
Best of Soulhead is the first greatest hits album by Soulhead. It was their last album under the Sony Music Entertainment Japan sub-label onenation before moving to Avex. The album peaked at #5 on Oricon and remained on the charts for thirteen weeks.

Avex Inc.
Avex Inc. (Japanese: エイベックス株式会社, romanized: Eibekkusu kabushiki gaisha /əˈvɛks/ /ˈeɪvɛks/, commonly known as Avex and stylized as avex) is a Japanese entertainment conglomerate led by founder Max Matsuura and headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. Founded in 1988, the company manages J-pop talents like Ayumi Hamasaki, TVXQ! and internet sensation PikoTaro. It has also shifted into other business domains like anime, video games and live music events, partnering with Ultra Music Festival and hosting the annual A-nation. The company is a member of the Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group (MUFG) keiretsu.
Frederick Noronha
Frederick Noronha (born 23 December 1963) is an Indian journalist, writer, publisher, and Wikipedia editor based in Saligão, Goa. He is active in cyberspace and involved with e-ventures related to Goa, developmental concerns, and free software. Noronha primarily writes about free software/open-source issues, technology, and computing in India. He is the co-founder of BytesForAll and the founder of Goa 1556, an alternate publishing house.

Saligao
Saligão ([saːɭɡãːw]) is a census town in North Goa district  in the Indian state of Goa.  It is surrounded by the villages of Porvorim, Parra, Guirim, Sangolda, Pilerne, Candolim, Calangute and Nagoa and is in Bardez Taluka of Goa.  It is 10 km from Panjim the capital of Goa, 6 km from Mapusa the capital of Bardez Taluka, and 3 km from the Calangute beach.
NCAA Season 93 basketball tournaments
The NCAA Season 93 basketball tournaments started on July 8, 2017, at Mall of Asia Arena, Pasay. This was the 93rd season of basketball for the National Collegiate Athletic Association (Philippines) (NCAA). Same as the last year's opener, the defending champions San Beda Red Lions will open their title defense bid as they will battle the season's hosts San Sebastian Stags at the first game, and at the second game the Arellano Chiefs will open their first season without Jio Jalalon as they take on the Mapúa Cardinals.

ABS-CBN Sports and Action will be covering the games for the third consecutive year.

San Sebastian Stags, Lady Stags and Staglets
The San Sebastian Golden Stags and Lady Stags, also known collectively as the SSC-R Stags, are the National Collegiate Athletic Association (Philippines) varsity teams of the San Sebastian College – Recoletos.
Their five consecutive NCAA seniors basketball championships was the longest streak in the NCAA.

The college's juniors team are the San Sebastian Staglets.
Martin Grove
Martin Grove could mean any of the following:

Martin Grove Road, a secondary north–south thoroughfare in Etobicoke  and Vaughan,  in the province of Ontario, Canada

Martin Grove, a Vivastation of the Viva Orange rapid transit line in Toronto, Canada

Martingrove Collegiate Institute, a secondary school in Etobicoke, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Martin Grove Brumbaugh (1862–1930), an American politician

Martin Groves, a British hillclimb driver

Martingrove Collegiate Institute
Martingrove Collegiate Institute is a semestered public secondary school in the Etobicoke district of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It opened in 1966 and is currently overseen by the Toronto District School Board.
Mather (given name)
Mather is a given name. Notable people with the surname include:

Mather Byles Almon (1796–1871) Canadian banker, politician, and philanthropist

Mather Brown (1761–1831), American portrait and historical painter

Mather Byles (1706–1788), American clergyman

Mather Byles (loyalist) (1734/35–1814), American clergyman, son of the above

Mather Byles DesBrisay (1828–1900), Canadian lawyer, judge, politician, and historian

Mather Zickel (born c. 1970), American actor

Mather Byles (loyalist)
Mather Byles II (12 January 1734/1735 – 12 March 1814), was a Congregational clergyman at New London, Connecticut Colony, until 1768. In 1768, he entered the Established Church, and became rector of Christ Church, Boston.

Sympathizing with the royal cause, he settled, after the War of Independence, in Halifax, Nova Scotia as Chaplain to the Garrison and later in Saint John, New Brunswick, where he was rector of a church until his death. He is buried at the Loyalist Burial Ground in Saint John.

The son of Mather Byles (1706–1788), he graduated from Harvard College in 1751 at the age of twelve, and later received his MA from the school. He also graduated from Yale College and the University of Oxford.
Won't You Cry?
Won't You Cry? (Persian: چرا گریه نمی‌کنی؟, romanized: Chera Geryeh Nemikoni?) is a 2022 Iranian drama film directed and written by Alireza Motamedi. Led by Motamedi, the film features an ensemble cast including Baran Kosari, Fereshteh Hosseini, Hanieh Tavassoli, Mani Haghighi, Ali Mosaffa, Linda Kiani, Nahal Dashti and Amir Hossein Fathi. The film had its world premiere at the 43rd São Paulo International Film Festival and its premiere in Iran at the 41st Fajr International Film Festival.

São Paulo International Film Festival
The São Paulo International Film Festival (Portuguese: Mostra Internacional de Cinema de São Paulo), also known internationally as Mostra, is an annual film festival held in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. A non-profit event, the festival is organized by ABMIC (Associação Brasileira Mostra Internacional de Cinema). The state and city of São Paulo have established October as the festival's official month.

The 48th edition of the festival was held from 17 to 30 October 2024. Familiar Touch by Sarah Friedland won the Jury Prize for best film at the festival. The 49th edition of the festival was held from 16 to 30 October 2025. In this edition 374 films from 80 countries were screened throughout São Paulo.
Administrator, Cape, v Ntshwaqela
Administrator, Cape, and Another v Ntshwaqela and Others is an important case in South African law, heard in the Appellate Division on 7 November 1989, with judgment handed down on 30 November. Corbett CJ, Hoexter JA, Nestadt JA, Steyn JA and Nicholas AJA.

Supreme Court of Appeal (South Africa)
The Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA), formerly known as the Appellate Division, is the second-highest court of appeal in South Africa below the Constitutional Court. The country's apex court from 1910 to 1994, it no longer holds that position, having been displaced in constitutional matters by the Constitutional Court in 1994, and in all matters by 2013. It is located in Bloemfontein. Bloemfontein is often seen as, and has been traditionally referred to as, the "judicial capital" of South Africa because of the court, although the Constitutional Court is based in Johannesburg.
Quarantine Power Station
Quarantine Power Station is a gas-powered electricity generation facility near the northern end of Torrens Island in the northwestern suburbs of Adelaide, South Australia. It is at the opposite end of Torrens Island from AGL Energy's Torrens Island and Barker Inlet power stations. It gets its name from the Torrens Island Quarantine Station which was nearby.

The power station is owned by Origin Energy and is configured as a peaking power plant. It has a capacity of 224 MW produced by open cycle gas turbines. It was initially installed in 2002 with four Alstom GT10B (now designated Siemens SGT600 after Siemens bought the Alstom Medium-sized GT business) turbines generating 95 MW of power. It was expanded in 2007 by the addition of a new 120 MW General Electric Frame 9E gas turbine set. The power station is fuelled by natural gas, delivered by the EPIC energy & SEAGas pipeline.

AGL Energy
AGL Energy Ltd is an Australian listed public company involved in both the generation and retailing of electricity and gas for residential and commercial use. It is one of the "big three" retailers in the National Electricity Market. AGL is Australia's largest electricity generator, and the nation's largest carbon emitter.

In 2022, 83% of its energy came from burning coal. It is, however, targeting 12 gigawatts of new renewable energy by 2035, when all of its coal fire generators are aimed to be closed. It closed Liddell Power Station in 2023, but aims to close Bayswater Power Station in 2033, and Loy Yang A Power Station in 2035.
Lappan
Lappan is a historic bell tower in the city of Oldenburg, Lower Saxony, Germany.

The tower is the oldest scheduled landmark in Oldenburg. It is 35m high with a Renaissance dome and survived the fire of 1676 in Oldenburg. The tower once belonged to the Holy Spirit Hospital. In 1709, the previous shingle roof was replaced by a copper dome.

Roof shingle
A roof’s shingles are a  roof covering consisting of individual overlapping elements. These elements are typically flat, rectangular shapes laid in courses from the bottom edge of the roof up, with each successive course overlapping the joints below. Shingles are held by the roof rafters and are made of various materials such as wood, slate, flagstone, metal, plastic, and composite materials such as fibre cement and asphalt shingles. Ceramic roof tiles, which still dominate in Europe and some parts of Asia, are still usually called tiles.  Roof shingles  may deteriorate faster and need to repel more water than wall shingles. They are a very common roofing material in the United States.
Donald T. Phillips
Donald T. Phillips (born March 10, 1952) is a nonfiction writer.  He has written or coauthored 20 books, including a trilogy on American leadership (Lincoln on Leadership, The Founding Fathers on Leadership, and Martin Luther King Jr. on Leadership).

Phillips has also collaborated on books with several celebrities, including:  Norman Brinker, Mike Krzyzewski, Phil Mickelson, Rudy Ruettiger, Greg Norman, Cal Ripken Jr., and Lt. Gen. Ricardo S. Sanchez.

Norman E. Brinker
Norman Eugene Brinker (June 3, 1931 – June 9, 2009) was an American restaurateur who was responsible for the creation of new business concepts within the restaurant field. He served as president of Jack in the Box, founded Steak and Ale, helped establish Bennigan's and Chili's, and founded Brinker International.
Winfried Debertin
Winfried Debertin (born 24 January 1953 in Glandorf, Osnabrück, West Germany) is a freelance producer and director known for his contributions to Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR), and as the founder of a production company, Penta TV. He has worked as a director and producer since 1988. He received the 2006 ECHO Klassik Award in the Classical Music for Children category.

Glandorf, Germany
Glandorf is a municipality in the district of Osnabrück, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated close to the Teutoburg Forest, 24 km south of Osnabrück. The name Glandorf derives from Glanathorpe - which means settlement on the creek Glane - and was first mentioned in records in 1070.

The municipality includes Glandorf and six local subdivisions which are Averfehrden (formerly Narendorf), Schierloh, Schwege, Sudendorf, Westendorf, and Laudiek.

Glandorf's landmark is a windmill that is constructed following the example of Dutch windmill design. It was built in 1840. Since 2000, civil weddings can be celebrated in the windmill.
Boxing at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's 57 kg
The women's 57 kg (featherweight) boxing event at the 2024 Summer Olympics took place between 30 July and 10 August 2024. Preliminary boxing matches occurred at Arena Paris Nord in Villepinte, with the medal rounds (semifinals and finals) staged at Stade Roland Garros.

Villepinte, Seine-Saint-Denis
Villepinte (French pronunciation: [vilpɛ̃t] ⓘ) is a commune in the northeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 18.3 km (11.4 mi)  from the centre of Paris.  It is near the Charles de Gaulle Airport. The Parc des Expositions de Villepinte is located in the city. As of 2023, the population of the commune was 41,470.
Separatory funnel
A separatory funnel, also known as a separation funnel, separating funnel, or colloquially sep funnel, is a piece of laboratory glassware used in liquid-liquid extractions to separate (partition) the components of a mixture into two immiscible solvent phases of different densities. Typically, one of the phases will be aqueous, and the other a lipophilic organic solvent such as ether, MTBE, dichloromethane, chloroform, or ethyl acetate. All of these solvents form a clear delineation between the two liquids. The more dense liquid, typically the aqueous phase unless the organic phase is halogenated, sinks to the bottom of the funnel and can be drained out through a valve away from the less dense liquid, which remains in the separatory funnel.

Halogenation
In chemistry, halogenation is a chemical reaction which introduces one or more halogens into a chemical compound. Halide-containing compounds are pervasive, making this type of transformation important, e.g. in the production of polymers, drugs. This kind of conversion is in fact so common that a comprehensive overview is challenging. This article mainly deals with halogenation using elemental halogens (F2, Cl2, Br2, I2). Halides are also commonly introduced using halide salts and hydrogen halide acids. Many specialized reagents exist for introducing halogens into diverse substrates, e.g. thionyl chloride.
Dangerous play in rugby union
Dangerous play in rugby union is dealt with under the foul play law (Law 9) in the official International Rugby Board (IRB) rugby union law book. It defines foul play as "anything a player does within the playing enclosure that is against the letter and spirit of the Laws of the Game". Under these laws dangerous play includes; punching or striking, stamping or trampling, and kicking.

Rugby union gameplay
Rugby union is a contact sport that consists of two teams of fifteen players. The objective is to obtain more points than the opposition through scoring tries or kicking goals over eighty minutes of playing time. The play is started with one team drop-kicking the ball from the halfway line towards the opposition. The rugby ball can be moved up the field by either carrying it or kicking it. However, when passing the ball it can only be thrown laterally or backward. The opposition can stop players moving up the field by tackling them. Only players carrying the ball can be tackled and once a tackle is completed the opposition can compete for the ball. Play continues until a try is scored, the ball crosses the side line or dead-ball line, or an infringement occurs. After a team scores points, the non-scoring team restarts the game at the halfway with a drop kick toward the opposition. The team with the most points at the end wins the game.
Elba Serrano
Elba E. Serrano is a neuroscientist and biophysicist  who holds a position as a  Regent's Professor of Biology at New Mexico State University.

She is known for her contributions to research on the nervous system of gastropods, inner ear development in Xenopus, neurobiology of glia, sensory signal transduction in guard cells, and for leadership of programs that recruit, train and retain underrepresented minorities in STEM. Her research considers the central role of ion channels in the reception and transduction of stimuli  and integrates methods from genetics, physiology, and anatomy. In 2020 she was named as one of 100 inspiring Hispanic/Latinx scientists in America

Ion channel
Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore. Their functions include establishing a resting membrane potential, shaping action potentials and other electrical signals by gating the flow of ions across the cell membrane, controlling the flow of ions across secretory and epithelial cells, and regulating cell volume. Ion channels are present in the membranes of all cells. Ion channels are one of the two classes of ionophoric proteins, the other being ion transporters.

The study of ion channels often involves biophysics, electrophysiology, and pharmacology, while using techniques including voltage clamp, patch clamp, immunohistochemistry, X-ray crystallography, fluoroscopy, and RT-PCR. Their classification as molecules is referred to as channelomics.
2024 Men's Gulf T20I Championship
The 2024 ILT20 Men's Gulf T20I Championship was a Twenty20 International (T20I) cricket tournament that took place in the United Arab Emirates in December 2024. The event was organised by the International League T20. The participating teams were the hosts United Arab Emirates along with Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia and Qatar. The top two sides in the round-robin advanced to the final. The round-robin matches were played at the ICC Academy Ground in Dubai, and the final was played at the Dubai International Cricket Stadium.

Oman were the defending champions, having defeated United Arab Emirates in the final of the 2023 edition by 5 wickets.

United Arab Emirates defeated Kuwait by 2 runs in the final.

Qatar national cricket team
The Qatar national cricket team is the team that represents Qatar in international cricket. The team is organised by the Qatar Cricket Association, which became an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 1999 and an associate member in 2017.

Qatar made its international debut in 1979, at an invitational tournament that also included Bahrain, Kuwait, and Sharjah (one of the United Arab Emirates). The team's first Asian Cricket Council (ACC) event was the 2002 ACC Trophy in Singapore. For a period during the 2000s, Qatar was one of the top-ranked non-Test teams in Asia – at the 2004 ACC Trophy, the team placed fourth. However, a few years later it was relegated to the second-division ACC events.

Qatar made its first and only World Cricket League (WCL) appearance at the 2017 ICC World Cricket League Division Five event in South Africa. It placed third, enough to secure the team a place in the new 2019–21 ICC Cricket World Cup Challenge League.
Dhwanil Parekh
Dhwanil Ravindrabhai Parekh (b. 28 October 1976 ) is a Gujarati language poet, critic and playwright from Gujarat, India. His significant works include Dariyo Bhalene Maane (2008; Ghazal anthology), Antim Yuddha (2009; drama) and Sanket (2011; critical works). He won Yuva Puraskar of Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi for his work Antim Yuddha in 2011. He is also a recipient of Yuva Gaurav Puraskar of 2008 instituted by Gujarat Sahitya Akademi.

Gujarati literature
The history of Gujarati literature (Gujarati: ગુજરાતી સાહિત્ય, romanized: Gujarātī sāhitya) may be traced to 1000 AD, and this literature has flourished since then to the present. It is unique in having almost no patronage from a ruling dynasty, other than its composers.

Gujarat Vidhya Sabha, Gujarat Sahitya Sabha, Gujarat Sahitya Akademi and Gujarati Sahitya Parishad are Gujarat-based literary institutions promoting the Gujarati literature.
Edwin Adams Davis
Edwin Adams Davis (May 10, 1904 – April 24, 1994) was an American historian who specialized in studies of his adopted state of Louisiana. A long-time professor at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, he was particularly known for two textbooks, Louisiana: A Narrative History and Louisiana: The Pelican State, the latter for middle schools and coauthored with Joe Gray Taylor of McNeese State University in Lake Charles, Louisiana .

McNeese State University
McNeese State University is a public university in Lake Charles, Louisiana, United States. Founded in 1939 as Lake Charles Junior College, it was renamed McNeese Junior College after John McNeese, an early local educator. The present name was adopted in 1970. McNeese is part of the University of Louisiana System and is classified as a Master's University. The university consists of six colleges and the Doré School of Graduate Studies. McNeese is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.
2019 B&L Transport 170
The 2019 B&L Transport 170 is a NASCAR Xfinity Series race held on August 10, 2019, at Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course in Lexington, Ohio. Contested over 75 laps on the 2.26-mile (3.64 km) road course, it was the 21st race of the 2019 NASCAR Xfinity Series season.

Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course
Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course is a road course auto racing facility located in Troy Township, Morrow County, Ohio, United States, just outside the village of Lexington. It hosts a number of racing series such as IndyCar, IMSA WeatherTech Sportscar Championship, and the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, along with other club events such has SCCA and National Auto Sport Association.

There is grandstand seating for 12,000 spectators and three observation mounds alongside the track raise the capacity to over 75,000. Mid-Ohio is classified as an FIA Grade Two circuit.