hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edmonton Journal v Alberta (AG)
Edmonton Journal v Alberta (AG), [1989] 2 S.C.R. 1326 is a leading freedom of the press case decided by the Supreme Court of Canada. The Court held that publication restrictions on matrimonial proceedings, section 30(1) of Alberta's Judicature Act, and on pre-trial stages of civil actions, section 30(2) of said Act, were in violation of freedom of expression rights under section 2(b) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and could not be saved under section 1.

Section 1 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Section 1 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the section that confirms that the rights listed in the Charter are guaranteed. The section is also known as the reasonable limits clause  or limitations clause, as it legally allows the government to limit an individual's Charter rights.  This limitation on rights has been used in the last twenty years to prevent a variety of objectionable conduct such as child pornography (e.g., in R v Sharpe), hate speech (e.g., in R v Keegstra), and obscenity (e.g., in R v Butler).

When the government has limited an individual's right, there is an onus upon the Crown to show, on the balance of probabilities, firstly, that the limitation was prescribed by law namely, that the law is attuned to the values of accessibility and intelligibility; and secondly, that it is justified in a free and democratic society, which means that it must have a justifiable purpose and must be proportional.
Marvel Illustrated
Marvel Illustrated was a Marvel Comics publishing imprint specializing in comic book adaptations of classic literature. Each novel's story is told in the form of a limited series, the issues of which are later collected as a trade paperback. Writer Roy Thomas has adapted many of the titles; the imprint is also known for its six adaptations of books from the Land of Oz series, all done by Eric Shanower and Skottie Young; and its four adaptations of Jane Austen novels by writer Nancy Butler.

The Road to Oz
The Road to Oz is the fifth book in L. Frank Baum's Oz series. It was originally published on July 10, 1909 and documents the adventures of Dorothy Gale's fourth visit to the Land of Oz. It was followed by The Emerald City of Oz (1910).
Monrad Norderval
Monrad Oskar Norderval (1902–1976) was a Norwegian bishop in the Church of Norway.

Norderval was born in Ålesund, Norway in 1902.  He graduated with the cand.theol. degree in 1928 from the Royal Frederick University in Oslo. He began his ministry as an assistant pastor in Skjervøy Municipality in 1929.  He then served as vicar in Tana Municipality from 1929–1935, in Ørsta Municipality from 1935–1948, Ålesund Municipality from 1948–1961, and was the bishop of the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland from 1961–1972. He also published poems, essay collections, and memoirs. He died in Ålesund in 1976.

He was one of the founders of the human rights organization Mission Behind the Iron Curtain, a precursor to Stefanus Alliance International.

Ørsta Municipality
Ørstaⓘ is a municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is part of the Sunnmøre region of Western Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Ørsta. Other villages in the municipality include Barstadvik, Flåskjer, Follestaddalen, Hovdebygda, Liadal, Nordre Vartdal,  Store-Standal, Sæbø, Trandal, Urke, Vartdal, Ytre-Standal, Åmdalen, and Årset.

The 662-square-kilometre (256 sq mi) municipality is the 171st largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Ørsta Municipality is the 106th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 10,958. The municipality's population density is 16.6 inhabitants per square kilometre (43/sq mi) and its population has increased by 4% over the previous 10-year period.
Rich Davis
Richard E. Davis (1926 – October 6, 2015) founded KC Masterpiece barbecue sauce.

Davis began his career as a child psychiatrist, instructor and author.  His academic posts included appointments as professor and acting chairman of the department of psychiatry at Eastern Virginia Medical School, and later, as dean of the school of medicine at the University of North Dakota.  He was the creator of K.C. Masterpiece Barbecue Sauce.  In 1986, he sold the sauce to the Kingsford Charcoal.

Davis died peacefully at home on October 6, 2015.

Kingsford (charcoal)
Kingsford is a brand that makes charcoal briquettes, along with related products, used for grilling. Established in 1920 by Henry Ford, the brand is now owned by The Clorox Company. Currently, the Kingsford Products Company remains the leading manufacturer of charcoal in the United States, with 80% market share. More than 1 million tons of wood scraps are converted into charcoal briquettes annually.
Mattis Stenshagen
Mattis Stenshagen (born 13 August 1996) is a Norwegian cross-country skier.

At the 2015 Junior World Championships he finished eighth at best, but in 2016 he won a gold medal in relay and the silver medal in the 15 km race. At the 2018 Junior World Championships, now in the U23 age class, he won the gold medal in the 15 km.

He made his World Cup debut in December 2016 in Lillehammer, collecting his first World Cup points on the next day with a 24th-place finish in the 10 km race. He broke the top 10 for the first time in January 2018 in Planica, finishing seventh in the 15 km. In January 2019 in Otepää he improved further, to fifth in sprint and eight in 15 km.

He represents the sports club Follebu SK.

Otepää
Otepää (formerly Nuustaku) is a town in Valga County, southern Estonia. It is the administrative centre of Otepää Parish. Otepää is a popular skiing resort, popularly known as the "winter capital" of Estonia (in contrast to the "summer capital" Pärnu). During the 2005–2006 season it became the site for FIS Cross-Country World Cup events.

The name Otepää means 'Ott's Head' in South Estonian, where ott is a euphemism for 'bear'.
Herc Vollugi
Hercules Anthony Vollugi (15 June 1880 – 11 October 1960) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Vollugi was a wingman in Essendon's 1901 premiership team, which came in his first league season. He also played in the 1902 VFL Grand Final, which Essendon lost.

He later served Essendon as a committeeman.

Vollugi was also a first-grade cricketer for East Melbourne, and a golfer. He became secretary of Elsternwick Golf Club.

Kingston Heath Golf Club
Kingston Heath Golf Club is one of the premier golf clubs in Australia, located in Cheltenham, Victoria. The course is situated on the sandbelt region in the southeast suburbs of Melbourne famed for its golf courses, with Kingston Heath consistently ranked in the top 3 courses in Australia and top 20 courses in the world.

The club has hosted many major events, including 7 x Men's Australian Opens, 1 x Women's Australian Open, 7 x Victorian Opens, 2 x Australian Masters and the 2016 World Cup of Golf. The Men's Australian Open was scheduled to return to Kingston Heath in 2020 but was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Kingston Heath will host the Presidents Cup in 2028.
Blenkiron
Blenkiron is a surname of British origin. It is one of several variant toponymic surnames from the village of Blencarn in Cumberland, England.

Notable people with the surname include:

Alfred Blenkiron (1896–1920), British World War I flying ace

Bill Blenkiron (born 1942), English cricketer

Darren Blenkiron (born 1974), English cricketer

Edith Blenkiron (1904–1992), British flower artist

Florence Blenkiron (1904–1991), British motorcycle racer

Tim Blenkiron, Australian tennis coach

William Blenkiron (c. 1807–1871), English racehorse breeder

Blencarn
Blencarn is a small village located in Westmorland and Furness in Cumbria, England. The village is situated at the foot of the Pennines.

It has a small village hall that used to be a school.

In Blencarn there is fly fishing at the 15-acre (61,000 m2) Blencarn lake.
Adam Morgan (baseball)
Adam Christopher Morgan (born February 27, 1990) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Phillies and the Chicago Cubs.

After growing up and playing high school baseball in Marietta, Georgia, he enrolled at the University of Alabama, where, as his father had done, he played college baseball. The Phillies drafted him in the third round of the 2011 MLB draft. Morgan was among the top pitching prospects in the organization until a torn rotator cuff caused him to miss all of the 2014 season. He made his major league debut in 2015. He became a relief pitcher in 2017.

Slider (pitch)
In baseball, a slider is a type of breaking ball, a pitch that moves or "breaks" as it approaches the batter. Due to the grip and wrist motion, the slider typically exhibits more lateral movement when compared to other breaking balls, such as the curveball.

The slider is generally among the fastest breaking balls, commonly ranging 80 to 90 mph (130 to 140 km/h). A variation of the slider, known as the sweeper, is characterized as being slightly slower, but having more lateral movement. Pitches that exhibit qualities similar to that of both a slider and a curveball are referred to as a slurve.
Ni(COD)(DQ)
Ni(COD)(DQ), formally known as (1,5-cyclooctadiene)(duroquinone)nickel(0), is an organonickel compound with the empirical formula NiC18H24O2. It is a coordination complex composed of a nickel(0) center ligated by a 1,5-cyclooctadiene (COD) and a duroquinone (DQ) ligand. The compound is of interest in organometallic chemistry because despite being an 18-electron complex, Ni(COD)(DQ) exhibits reactivity not found in more common Ni(0) sources and serves as a useful precursor in homogeneous catalysis and nickel-mediated cross-coupling reactions.

Duroquinone
Duroquinone is an organic oxidant (C6(CH3)4O2). It is related to 1,4-benzoquinone by replacement of four H centres with methyl (Me) groups.  The C10O2 core of this molecule is planar with two pairs of C=O and C=C bonds.

The compound is produced via nitration of durene (1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene) followed reduction to the diamine and then oxidation.

A derived organoiron compound (η2,η2-C6(CH3)4O2)Fe(CO)3 is obtained by the carbonylation of 2-butyne in the presence of iron pentacarbonyl.

The molecule has been mentioned in the popular press as a component of a "nano brain".

Duroquinone was observed in a degradation products generated from pyrolysis of α-Tocopheryl acetate.
Johnny Yip
Johnny Yip Chun-tong (Chinese: 葉振棠, born 7 February 1944), also known as Tong Gor (棠哥), is a Hong Kong singer who rose to fame for producing soundtracks for several Hong Kong television dramas in the 1980s.

Bassist
A bassist (also known as a bass player or bass guitarist) is a musician who plays a bass instrument such as a double bass (upright bass, contrabass, wood bass), bass guitar (electric bass, acoustic bass), keyboard bass (synth bass) or a low brass instrument such as a tuba or trombone. Many musical genres tend to be associated with at least one or more of these instruments.
I'm Your Empress Of
I'm Your Empress Of is the third studio album by American singer-songwriter and producer Empress Of, released via Terrible Records and XL Recordings on April 3, 2020. The album's first single "Give Me Another Chance" premiered on March 3, 2020, via Zane Lowe's Beats 1 radio show.

Apple Music 1
Apple Music 1, previously branded as Beats 1, is a 24/7 music radio station owned and operated by Apple Inc. It is accessible through iTunes or the Apple Music app on a computer, smartphone or tablet, smart speaker (such as the Apple HomePod), and through the Apple Music web browser app.

While a paid subscription is not needed, users are required to sign in with an Apple ID account to listen to the free radio stations. Apple Music Radio is streamed at 64 kbit/s and 256 kbit/s, utilising HTTP Live Streaming protocol and the HE-AAC audio codec, powered by StreamS Live Encoder.

Apple Music also operates five sister stations.
Sholay Aur Toofan
Sholay Aur Toofan is a 1994 Hindi action film of Bollywood directed by N. Paryani and produced by Mohan T. Gehani. This film was released on 3 August 1994 under the banner of Devi Films. Anand–Milind were the music directors of the film.

Anand–Milind
Anand–Milind is an Indian music composer duo consisting of brothers Anand Srivastava and Milind Srivastava. Born to composer Chitragupt, they have composed music for over 200 Bollywood films. The brothers debuted in 1984 with Ab Ayega Mazaa and had their major breakthrough with Qayamat se Qayamat Tak in 1988.
Dekichatta kekkon
In Japan, the slang term dekichatta kekkon (出来ちゃった結婚), or dekikon (デキコン) for short, emerged in the late 1990s. The term can literally be translated as "oops-we-did-it-marriage," implying an unintended pregnancy (and is therefore analogous to the English phrase "shotgun wedding"). Notable celebrities with these marriages include Namie Amuro, Yōko Oginome, Hitomi Furuya, Ami Suzuki, Kaori Iida, Nozomi Tsuji, Anna Tsuchiya, Meisa Kuroki, Leah Dizon, Melody Miyuki Ishikawa, Riisa Naka and Rie Miyazawa. A quarter of all Japanese brides are pregnant at the time of their wedding, according to the Health Labor and Welfare Ministry, and pregnancy is one of the most common motivations for marriage. The prevalence and celebrity profile of dekichatta-kon has inspired Japan's wedding industry to introduce an even more benign phrase, sazukari-kon (授かり婚; blessed wedding).

Nozomi Tsuji
Nozomi Sugiura (杉浦 希美, Sugiura Nozomi), known professionally by her birth name Nozomi Tsuji (辻 希美, Tsuji Nozomi) (born June 17, 1987) is a Japanese media personality, singer, and blogger. In 2000, she began her career as a singer for Japanese girl band Morning Musume. Tsuji later found success with related groups Mini Moni and W. She has participated in the shuffle groups 10-nin Matsuri, Odoru 11, and 11Water, H.P. All Stars, as well as being a member of the Morning Musume splinter group Morning Musume Otomegumi
McGurrin
McGurrin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bernard McGurrin (born 1933–2024), English rugby league footballer

Frank Edward McGurrin (1861–1933), American stenographer and inventor

Terry McGurrin (born 1968), Canadian voice actor, comedian, and writer

Bernard McGurrin
Bernard McGurrin (12 July 1933 – 20 December 2024) was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s and 1960s. He played at representative level for a combined Oldham & Rochdale Hornets team, and at club level for Leigh, Wigan, and the Rochdale Hornets (captain), as a centre, stand-off, or loose forward.
Beswick (surname)
Beswick is a surname, possibly derived from the town of Beswick, East Riding of Yorkshire and/or from the ancient village of Beswick, Greater Manchester. The surname is common in the Manchester and Bolton area.

Beswick, Manchester
Beswick (/ˈbɛzɪk/) is an area of east Manchester, England. Historically in Lancashire, it neighbours the district of Openshaw to the east. The River Medlock and the Ashton Canal both run through it.

Beswick is close to sporting facilities including the City of Manchester Stadium, the National Squash Centre, the Manchester Regional Athletics Arena and the National Cycling Centre.

The area is also home to East Manchester Academy, a mixed secondary school which opened in 2010, and includes Beswick library.
Cycling at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Men's road time trial C3
The Men's time trial C3 road cycling event at the 2016 Summer Paralympics took place on 14 September at Flamengo Park, Pontal. Thirteen riders from thirteen nations competed.

The C3 category is for cyclists with moderate upper or lower limb dysfunctions and includes those with cerebral palsy, limb impairments and amputations.

C3 (classification)
C3  is a para-cycling classification. The class includes people with moderate upper or lower limb dysfunctions and includes cyclists with cerebral palsy, limb impairments and amputations. The UCI recommends this be coded as MC3 or WC3.  The class competes at the Paralympic Games.
Wedge Mountain (Washington)
Wedge Mountain is a 5,860-foot-elevation (1,790-meter) summit located in Chelan County of Washington state. It is set on the boundary line of the Alpine Lakes Wilderness, on land managed by Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest. Wedge Mountain is the northeastern terminus of the Stuart Range, which is a subset of the Cascade Range. It is situated 3.5 miles (5.6 km) northeast of The Temple, and the nearest town is Leavenworth, 5 miles (8.0 km) to the north-northeast. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into tributaries of the Wenatchee River. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises over 2,800 feet (850 meters) above Snow Creek in one-half mile. Backpackers hiking en route to The Enchantments via the Snow Creek Trail traverse the western foot of this mountain. Wedge Mountain is the toponym officially adopted by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names for the 5,860-foot summit.

Chelan County, Washington
Chelan County (/ʃəˈlæn/, shə-LAN) is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, its population was 79,074. The county seat and largest city is Wenatchee. The county was created out of Okanogan and Kittitas Counties on March 13, 1899. It derives its name from a Chelan Indian word meaning "deep water," likely a reference to 55-mile (89 km)-long Lake Chelan, which reaches a maximum depth of 1,486 feet (453 m).

Chelan County is part of the Wenatchee, Washington, Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Pseudoceto
Pseudoceto is a monotypic genus of South American long-legged sac spiders containing the single species, Pseudoceto pickeli. It was first described by Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão in 1929, and has only been found in Brazil. Originally placed with the Corinnidae, it was moved to the Miturgidae in 2014.

Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão
Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão (July 17, 1886 – December 14, 1948) was a Brazilian zoologist who is considered the founder of arachnology in South America, publishing 198 papers on the taxonomy of Arachnida. He was also involved with education, writing high-school textbooks, and contributed to biogeography, with essays on the distribution of Arachnida in the South American continent.
Carlos Coloma Nicolás
Carlos Coloma Nicolás (born 28 September 1981) is a Spanish cross-country mountain biker. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed in the Men's cross-country at Hadleigh Farm, finishing in 6th place. He improved this result four years later at the 2016 Summer Olympics, where he finished third, behind Nino Schurter and Jaroslav Kulhavý, and won the bronze medal. He was on the start list for the 2018 Cross-country European Championship and he finished.

Hadleigh Farm
Hadleigh Farm is an educational working farm and cross-country cycling venue located in Hadleigh, within the borough of Castle Point, in the county of Essex. The men's and women's mountain biking events of the 2012 Summer Olympics took place at Hadleigh Farm on 11 and 12 August.
Iman Jodeh
Iman Mohamad Jodeh is an American politician serving as a Democratic member of the Colorado Senate from the 29th district. Elected to the Colorado House of Representatives in 2020, she is the first Muslim elected to the legislature and assumed office on January 13, 2021. She became a Colorado State Senator on January 9, 2025.

Aurora, Colorado
Aurora (/əˈroʊrə/, /əˈrɔːrə/) is a home rule city located in Arapahoe, Adams, and Douglas counties, Colorado, United States. The city's population was 386,261 at the 2020 United States census with 336,035 living in Arapahoe County, 47,720 in Adams County, and 2,506 in Douglas County. Aurora is the third-most-populous city in the State of Colorado and the 51st-most-populous city in the United States. Aurora is a principal city of the Denver–Aurora–Centennial, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Denver-Aurora-Greeley, CO Combined Statistical Area, and a major city of the Front Range Urban Corridor.
Nouzka
Nouzka (German: Mels) is a village and municipal part of Vyškov, a town in Vyškov District of the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It consists of a row of houses in a street-like development along the road II/430 to Brno on Brněnská street. It has about 340 inhabitants.

It is located 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) southwest of Vyškov and 29 kilometres (18 mi) from Brno.

Vyškov
Vyškov (Czech pronunciation: [ˈvɪʃkof]; German: Wischau) is a town in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 21,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Dean Guitars
Dean Guitars, commonly referred to simply as Dean, is an American importer and maker of stringed instruments and musical products with its headquarters in Tampa, Florida.

Its products include solid-body electric guitars, bass guitars, and acoustic guitars. The company also distributes resonators, basses, banjos, mandolins, ukuleles, amplifiers, guitar cases, accessories, and custom guitar pickups.

The company was founded in Chicago, Illinois, in 1976 by Dean Zelinsky. Armadillo Enterprise purchased the business in 1997.

Ukulele
The ukulele (/ˌjuːkəˈleɪli/ YOO-kə-LAY-lee; Hawaiian: [ʔukulele]), also called a uke (informally), is a member of the lute (ancient guitar) family of instruments. The ukulele is of Portuguese origin and was popularized in Hawaii. The tone and volume of the instrument vary with size and construction. Ukuleles commonly come in four sizes: soprano, concert, tenor, and baritone.

Ukuleles generally have four nylon strings  tuned to GCEA (except baritone, which is normally tuned DGBE). They have 16–22 frets depending on the size.
Prokhorovka, Belgorod Oblast
Prokhorovka (Russian: Про́хоровка, IPA: [ˈproxərəfkə]) is an urban locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Prokhorovsky District of Belgorod Oblast, Russia, along the Psyol River southeast of the city of Kursk. Population: 9,790 (2021 Census); 9,761 (2010 Census); 10,007 (2002 Census); 8,093 (1989 Soviet census).

Belgorod Oblast
Belgorod Oblast (Russian: Белгоро́дская о́бласть, romanized: Belgorodskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Belgorod. As of 2021, the population is 1,540,486.
Michael Lamb (psychologist)
Michael E. Lamb is a professor and former Head of the then Department of Social and Developmental Psychology at the University of Cambridge, known for his influential work in developmental psychology, child and family policy, social welfare, and law. His work has focused on divorce, child custody, child maltreatment, child testimony, and the effects of childcare on children's social and emotional development. His work in family relationships has focused on the role of both mothers and fathers and the importance of their relationships with children. Lamb's expertise has influenced legal decisions addressing same-sex parenting, advocating for fostering and adoption by adults regardless of their marital status or sexual orientations. Lamb has published approximately 700 articles, many about child adjustment, currently edits the APA journal Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, and serves on the editorial boards on several academic journals.

Child abuse
Child abuse (also called child endangerment or child maltreatment) is physical, sexual, emotional and/or psychological maltreatment or neglect of a child, especially by a parent or a caregiver. Child abuse may include any act or failure to act by a parent or a caregiver that results in actual or potential wrongful harm to a child and can occur in a child's home, or in organizations, schools, or communities the child interacts with.

Different jurisdictions have different requirements for mandatory reporting and have developed different definitions of what constitutes child abuse, and therefore have different criteria to remove children from their families or to prosecute a criminal charge.