hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anti-prostitution pledge
The anti-prostitution pledge is an organization-wide policy opposing prostitution and sex-trafficking that the federal government of the United States requires certain non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to adopt in order for them to receive federal anti-HIV/AIDS or anti-trafficking funds. This requirement has been in place since 2003.

The policy has been criticized as counterproductive, as it hampers enlisting those involved in the sex industry in the fight against AIDS.

Initially the requirement was only applied to foreign-based NGOs, but in 2005 the Bush administration began applying it to U.S.-based organizations as well, resulting in legal challenges on First Amendment grounds. These challenges were ultimately successful before the Supreme Court, with the 2013 decision in the case Agency for International Development v. Alliance for Open Society International. The requirement remains in effect for foreign-based NGOs that receive U.S. funds.

Brennan Center for Justice
The Brennan Center for Justice is an American liberal nonprofit law and public policy institute. The organization is named after Supreme Court justice William J. Brennan Jr. The Brennan Center advocates for public policy positions including raising the minimum wage, opposing voter ID laws, and calling for public funding of elections. Its operations are centered at the New York University School of Law. The organization opposed the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in Citizens United v. FEC, which held that the First Amendment prohibits the government from restricting independent political expenditures by nonprofit organizations.

The stated mission of the Brennan Center is to "work to hold our political institutions and laws accountable to the twin American ideals of democracy and equal justice for all". Its president is Michael Waldman, former speechwriter for President Bill Clinton.
Auberge (song)
"Auberge" is a song by British singer-songwriter Chris Rea, released on 4 February 1991 by East West Records as the lead single from his eleventh studio album, Auberge (1991). It was written by Rea and produced by Jon Kelly. "Auberge" reached No. 16 in the United Kingdom and remained on the UK Singles Chart for six weeks. A music video was filmed to promote the single. It was directed by Nigel Dick and shot at Bray Studios, Berkshire.

Nigel Dick
Nigel Dick (born 21 March 1953) is an English music video director and filmmaker. Originally from Catterick, North Yorkshire, he is based in Los Angeles, California.  
He has directed music videos for artists such as Britney Spears, Toto, Band Aid and Guns N’ Roses and Oasis.
Who Killed the Robins Family?
Who Killed the Robins Family? is a mystery/contest novel created by Bill Adler and written by Thomas Chastain.  The first edition (ISBN 0-688-02171-9) was published in hardcover format by William Morrow in 1983.  Warner Books published the paperback edition in 1984 (ISBN 0-446-32314-4).

Grand Central Publishing
Grand Central Publishing is a book publishing imprint of Hachette Book Group, originally established in 1970 as Warner Books when Kinney National Company acquired the New York City-based Paperback Library. When Time Warner sold their book publishing business to Hachette Livre in March 2007, the North American operations of the Time Warner Book Group were renamed Hachette Book Group, while the group's Warner Books imprint became Grand Central Publishing, named in part by the proximity of their new offices to New York's Grand Central Terminal.

In addition to the Grand Central imprint itself, Grand Central Publishing has several sub-imprints, including Balance, Forever/Forever Yours, Legacy Lit, and Twelve.
Alzou (Aveyron)
The Alzou (French pronunciation: [alzu]) is a 43.9 km (27.3 mi) river in the Aveyron department in southern France. It is a right tributary of the Aveyron. Its source is in Goutrens. It flows into the Aveyron in Villefranche-de-Rouergue.

Aveyron
Aveyron (French: [avɛʁɔ̃] ⓘ; Occitan: Avairon [aβajˈɾu]) is a department in the region of Occitania, Southern France. It was named after the river Aveyron. Its inhabitants are known as Aveyronnais (masculine) or Aveyronnaises (feminine) in French. The inhabitants of Aveyron's prefecture, Rodez, are called Ruthénois, based upon the first settlers in the area, the Ruteni. With an area of 8,735 square kilometres (3,373 sq mi) and a population of 279,595, Aveyron is a largely rural department with a population density of 32 people/km2 (83 people/mi2).
Marschlins Castle
Marschlins Castle is a castle in the village of Igis of the municipality of Landquart of the Canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.  It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.

Marschlins Castle was the childhood home of feminist Meta von Salis.

Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance
The Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance (German: Schweizerisches Inventar der Kulturgüter von nationaler und regionaler Bedeutung; French: Inventaire suisse des biens culturels d'importance nationale et régionale; Italian: Inventario dei beni culturali svizzeri d'importanza nazionale e regionale) is a register of cultural property in Switzerland. It was established according to article 5 of the second protocol to the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, which provides for the establishment of national registers of cultural property.
Acergy
Acergy S.A. was an international offshore seabed-to-surface engineering and construction company previously known as Stolt Offshore and Stolt Comex Seaway and was part of the Stolt-Nielsen Group until 2005. The company was registered in Luxembourg and had its headquarters in London in the United Kingdom as well as offices in Stavanger, Norway; Aberdeen, United Kingdom; Suresnes, France; Houston, United States; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Perth, Australia; St. John's, Canada and Singapore. The company was listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange and NASDAQ. In 2011 the firm merged with Cayman Islands-based Subsea 7, Inc. to create Subsea 7 S.A.

Oslo Stock Exchange
59°54′31.31″N 10°44′52.06″E﻿ / ﻿59.9086972°N 10.7477944°E﻿ / 59.9086972; 10.7477944

Oslo Stock Exchange (Norwegian: Oslo Børs) (OSE: OSLO) is a stock exchange within the Nordic countries and offers Norway's only regulated markets for securities trading today. The stock exchange offers a full product range including equities, derivatives and fixed income instruments.

The Euronext consortium of European stock exchanges controls Oslo Stock Exchange as of June 2019.
Kristof Goddaert
Kristof Goddaert (21 November 1986 – 18 February 2014) was a Belgian road racing cyclist who competed as a professional between 2008 and 2014 for the Topsport Vlaanderen–Mercator, Ag2r–La Mondiale and IAM Cycling squads.

Born in Sint Niklaas, Belgium, Goddaert left Ag2r–La Mondiale at the end of the 2012 season, and joined the new IAM Cycling team for the 2013 season.

On 18 February 2014, Goddaert was killed during a training ride in Antwerp, when he fell from his bike and was struck by a De Lijn bus.

Decathlon CMA CGM Team
Decathlon CMA CGM (UCI team code: DCT) is a French cycling team with UCI WorldTeam status. Its title sponsors are French sporting goods retailer Decathlon and French shipping and logistics company CMA CGM. The team is predominantly French.
Taraxacum clavatifrons
Taraxacum clavatifrons is a perennial species of dandelion. The species is native to France and grows primarily in temperate biomes. It was first formally described in 1998 by Carl Eric Sonck in Annales Botanici Fennici.

Annales Botanici Fennici
Annales Botanici Fennici is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering fungi and plant systematics, taxonomy, and nomenclature. The journal also accepts articles on population biology, physiology, molecular biology, climate change, ecology and invasive species, phytogeography, and paleoecology.
Jarred Tinordi
Jarred Michael Tinordi (born February 20, 1992) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman who is currently playing for the Syracuse Crunch of the American Hockey League (AHL). He was selected in the first round, 22nd overall, by the Montreal Canadiens in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft. Tinordi was also drafted in the seventh round (184th overall) by Metallurg Magnitogorsk during the 2010 KHL Junior Draft.

2010 NHL entry draft
The 2010 NHL entry draft was the 48th entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was held on June 25–26, 2010, at Staples Center in Los Angeles, California, the home arena of the Los Angeles Kings. This was the first time Los Angeles hosted the NHL entry draft. An unofficial record of eleven American-trained players were selected in the first round, starting with Jack Campbell and ending with Brock Nelson. The record was set in the 2006 and 2007 drafts, where ten U.S.-trained players were selected in the first round.

As of 2025 there are 38 active NHL players from this draft.
Throw It on Me
"Throw It on Me" is a song by American record producer Timbaland featuring Swedish rock band The Hives. The song was released only in Australia on August 4, 2007, as a promotional single from Timbaland's second studio album Shock Value.

The song was written by Timbaland, Danja, and Randy Fitzsimmons, while production and instrumentation were helmed by Timbaland. The song utilizes disco and rock while incorporating dance and hip hop beats. Critics viewed it as one of the better rock tracks on Shock Value, though criticized it as falling short of expectations.

Niklas Almqvist
Niklas Almqvist (born 26 January 1977), better known by his stage name Nicholaus Arson, is a Swedish musician who is the lead guitarist of the garage rock band The Hives, of which his brother Howlin' Pelle is the lead singer.
Abdul Wali Wahidzai
Abdul Wali Wahidzai is a former governor of Laghman Province. He was appointed 15 June 2021 and surrendered to the Taliban on 16 August 2021, ending his governorship. The Taliban had completed their 2021 Taliban offensive.

Laghman Province
Laghmān (Pashto, Dari: لغمان), historically known as Lamghan, or Lamghanat, is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the eastern part of the country. It has a population of about 502,148, which is multi-ethnic and mostly a rural society. Laghman hosts a large number of historical landmarks, minarets, monuments, and other cultural relics that are manifestation of its old history and culture. The city of Mihtarlam serves as the capital of the province.

In 2021, the Taliban gained control of the province during the 2021 Taliban offensive.
Redford, Angus
Redford is a hamlet in the parish of Carmyllie in Angus, Scotland. It is situated on high ground between Arbroath, on the coast, and the inland county town of Forfar. Carmyllie school is located in the settlement, as was the old Carmyllie railway station.

Arbroath
Arbroath (/ɑːrˈbroʊθ/) or Aberbrothock (Scottish Gaelic: Obar Bhrothaig [ˈopəɾ ˈvɾo.ɪkʲ]) is a former royal burgh and the largest town in the council area of Angus, Scotland, with a population of 23,902. It lies on the North Sea coast, some 16 miles (26 km) east-northeast of Dundee and 45 miles (72 km) south-southwest of Aberdeen.

There is evidence of Iron Age settlement, but its history as a town began with the founding of Arbroath Abbey in 1178. It grew much during the Industrial Revolution through the flax and then the jute industry and the engineering sector. A new harbour was created in 1839; by the 20th century, Arbroath was one of Scotland's larger fishing ports.

The town is notable for the Declaration of Arbroath and the Arbroath smokie. Arbroath Football Club holds the world record for the number of goals scored in a professional football match: 36–0 against Bon Accord of Aberdeen in the Scottish Cup in 1885.
Male genital examination
Male genital examination refers to the physical examination of male genitalia to detect ailments and assess sexual development; it is a typical component of an annual physical examination. The examination includes checking the penis, scrotum, and urethral meatus. A comprehensive assessment of the male genitals assesses the pubic hair based on Tanner stage and the size of the testicles and penis. The exam can also be conducted to verify a person's age and biological sex.  During a genital examination, doctors can detect structural abnormalities (ex. varicocele), urethral opening abnormalities, foreskin abnormalities (ex. phimosis), lumps, tumors, redness, excoriation, edema, lesions, swelling, cancer, pubic hair related conditions, and many others. In some instances (ex: Peyronie's disease) where a physical examination of the male genitals is not sufficient to diagnose an individual, an internal genital examination using imaging or ultrasounds will be needed for further evaluation.

Lesion
A lesion is any damage or abnormal change in the tissue of an organism, usually caused by injury or diseases. The term lesion is derived from the Latin laesio, meaning "injury". Lesions may occur in plants and animals.
Leaving (Pet Shop Boys song)
"Leaving" is a song by English synth-pop duo Pet Shop Boys from their eleventh studio album, Elysium (2012). It was released as the album's second single on 12 October 2012. It entered the UK Singles Chart at number 44.

Neil Tennant
Neil Francis Tennant (born 10 July 1954) is an English singer, songwriter and music journalist, and co-founder of the synth-pop duo Pet Shop Boys, which he formed with Chris Lowe in 1981. He is the lead singer and main lyricist of the group. He was a journalist for Smash Hits and assistant editor for the magazine in the mid-1980s.

Tennant coined the phrase imperial phase to describe the period in which a musical artist is regarded to be at their commercial and creative peak simultaneously. This observation was initially self-referential, made as the Pet Shop Boys had achieved commercial success with four British number one hits ("West End Girls", "It's a Sin", "Heart", and "Always on My Mind"), had received critical praise for their first three albums and had expanded their creative horizons through innovative collaborations in the visual and performing arts.
Leucadendron argenteum
Leucadendron argenteum (silver tree, silver leaf tree, Afrikaans: Witteboom, or Afrikaans: Silwerboom) is an endangered plant species in the family Proteaceae, which is endemic to a small area of the Cape Peninsula, South Africa. Most grow in and around the city of Cape Town, but outlying (perhaps introduced) populations exist near Somerset West (Silwerboomkloof), Paarl and Stellenbosch. It is a protected tree in South Africa.

Table Mountain
Table Mountain (Khoekhoe: Huriǂoaxa, lit. 'sea-emerging'; Afrikaans: Tafelberg) is a flat-topped mountain forming a prominent landmark overlooking the city of Cape Town in South Africa.

It is a significant tourist attraction, with many visitors either using the cableway or hiking to the top. The mountain has 2,285 plant species, of which around 80% are fynbos (Afrikaans for 'fine bush'). Table Mountain National Park is the most visited national park in South Africa, attracting 4.2 million people every year for various activities. It forms part of the lands formerly inhabited by Khoe-speaking clans, such as the !Uriǁʼaes (the "High Clan").

Table Mountain is home to a large array of mostly endemic flora and fauna. Its top rises about 1,000 m above the surrounding city, making the popular hike upwards on a large variety of different, often steep and rocky pathways a serious mountain tour which requires fitness, preparation and hiking equipment.
Flemish Union of Students
The Flemish Union of Students (Dutch: Vlaamse Vereniging van Studenten; VVS) is an organisation that represents the students of Flanders, the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium.

VVS can only represent the students in the Flemish community of Belgium due to the historically grown federalisation of the country. For the French Community of Belgium there is a separate student union (FEF). VVS is a member of the European Students' Union.

French Community of Belgium
In Belgium, the French Community (French: Communauté française (de Belgique), pronounced [kɔmynote fʁɑ̃sɛːz də bɛlʒik], CFB) refers to one of the three constituent constitutional linguistic communities. Since 2011, the French minority has used the name Wallonia-Brussels Federation (French: Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, pronounced [fedeʁɑsjɔ̃ walɔni bʁysɛl], FWB), which is controversial because its name in the Belgian Constitution has not changed and because it is seen as a political statement. The name "French Community" refers to the French language and not to France. As such, the French minority of Belgium is sometimes rendered in English as "the French-speaking Community of Belgium" for clarity, in analogy to the German-speaking Community of Belgium.

The Community has its own parliament, government, and administration. It and its predecessor entity have used the flag of Wallonia since 1975.
Arthit Kamlang-ek
Arthit Kamlang-ek (31 August 1925 – 19 January 2015; Thai: อาทิตย์ กำลังเอก, Thai pronunciation: [ʔaːtʰít kamlaŋʔèːk]) was a Thai general. He was the Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Thai Army from 1982 to 1986 and in parallel the Supreme Commander of the Royal Thai Armed Forces from 1983 to 1986. He was particularly influential during the 1980s during the government of Prem Tinsulanonda.

Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy
Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy (CRMA) (Thai: โรงเรียนนายร้อยพระจุลจอมเกล้า; RTGS: Rongrian Nairoi Phra Chunlachomklao) is the service academy of Royal Thai Army (RTA). Established in 1887 it has graduated the majority of Thailand's military leaders, many of whom have become Thai prime ministers. The academy has an intense training program. There are about 200 cadets in each class.
Monika Karsch
Monika Karsch (born 22 December 1982) is a German shooter and Olympian.  She represented her country at the 2016 Summer Olympics and won the silver medal in Women's 25 metre pistol.

In 2015, she won the sport pistol event at the CISM World Military Games in Mungyeong, South Korea.

At the 2021 European Championships in Osijek, Karsch took silver in the women's 25 m pistol, narrowly losing to French shooter Mathilde Lamolle.

At the 2022 European Championships, she won the 25m Pistol Women's team title with Doreen Vennekamp and Michelle Skeries.

2022 European 25/50 m Events Championships
The 2022 European 25/50 m Events Championships was organised by the European Shooting Confederation and held in Polish city of Wrocław.

The championships also served as qualification event for 2024 Summer Olympics and 2023 European Games.
Locked nucleic acid
A locked nucleic acid (LNA), often referred to as inaccessible RNA, is a modified RNA nucleotide in which the ribose moiety is modified with an extra bridge connecting the 2' oxygen and 4' carbon. The bridge "locks" the ribose in the 3'-endo (North) conformation, which is often found in the A-form duplexes. This structure provides for increased stability against enzymatic degradation. LNA also offers improved specificity and affinity in base-pairing as a monomer or a constituent of an oligonucleotide. LNA nucleotides can be mixed with DNA or RNA residues in a oligonucleotide.   LNA is one type of bridged nucleic acid.

Phosphodiester bond
In chemistry, a phosphodiester bond occurs when exactly two of the hydroxyl groups (−OH) in phosphoric acid react with hydroxyl groups on other molecules to form two ester bonds. The "bond" involves this linkage C−O−PO−2O−C.  Discussion of phosphodiesters is dominated by their prevalence in DNA and RNA, but phosphodiesters occur in other biomolecules, e.g. acyl carrier proteins, phospholipids and the cyclic forms of GMP and AMP (cGMP and cAMP).
Ken Nakayama
Ken Nakayama is an American psychologist. Prior to retirement he was the Edgar Pierce Professor of Psychology at Harvard University. He is now an emeritus professor at Harvard.

Nakayama is known for his work on prosopagnosia (an inability to recognize faces) and super recognisers (people with significantly better-than-average face recognition ability). A notable contribution is from his work on surface processing by the human visual system.

Nakayama received his BA from Haverford College and PhD from UCLA. From 1971 to 1990, he was at the Smith Kettlewell Eye Research Institute in San Francisco. Since then, he has been  at Harvard University.

Nakayama helped in the formation and founding of the Vision Sciences Society and served as its first president. In 2016, the Society established the Ken Nakayama Medal for Excellence in Vision Science in honor of his numerous significant contributions. In 2017, he received the Edgar D. Tillyer Award from The Optical Society.

Optica (society)
Optica, founded as the Optical Society of America (later the Optical Society), is a professional society of individuals and companies with an interest in optics and photonics. It publishes journals, organizes conferences and exhibitions, and carries out charitable activities.
Ivor Williams (rugby union)
Ivor Williams (1 July 1912 – 1 July 1983) was a Welsh international rugby union player.

Originally a footballer, Williams had three seasons as a goal-keeper with the Cardiff City FC reserves side, before switching to Cardiff RFC and later playing for Gloucester RFC.

Williams, uncapped for Wales, was a back row forward and toured South Africa as a British Lion in 1938. He scored a try in his first match against Griqualand West, then was briefly sidelined when he was injured on a visit to Cango Caves, but returned to finish the tour with seven appearances, although he was overlooked for the Test matches.

1938 British Lions tour to South Africa
The 1938 British Isles tour to South Africa was the fourteenth tour by a British Isles team and the sixth to South Africa. The tour is retrospectively classed as one of the British Lions tours, as the Lions naming convention was not adopted until 1950.

The tour party was led by Ireland's Sam Walker and managed by Col. Hartley, and took in 24 matches. Of the 24 games, 19 were against club or invitational teams, three were test matches against the South African national team and the other two games were outside South Africa against Rhodesia. The British Isles lost two and won one of the test matches, and in the non-test games lost five and won sixteen.

Like many of the early Lions parties, the tour did not represent the best of British and Irish rugby talent. Obvious omissions included Wilf Wooller and Cliff Jones.
Christian Dawid
Christian Dawid (born 1966) is a German clarinetist, Klezmer musician, educator, and composer. He is generally regarded as one of the top Klezmer musicians in Germany, and has performed with groups such as Trio Yas and Khupe, as well as with international Klezmer groups such as Brave Old World, Daniel Kahn & the Painted Bird, Ben Caplan, Budowitz and The Other Europeans.

Some of his major projects are related to Ukrainian Jewish music, including a project to record the songs of the Yiddish singer Arkady Gendler, and bringing the Podolian brass band of the Baranovsky family to international audiences as Konsonans Retro.

Ben Caplan
Ben Caplan is a Canadian folk musician from Halifax, Nova Scotia. He often performs with his band the Casual Smokers, and his first full-length studio album, In the Time of the Great Remembering, was released on October 20, 2011. His second record, Birds with Broken Wings, came out on September 18, 2015. His third record, Old Stock, was issued on June 15, 2018, his fourth, recollection (reimagined), on October 15, 2021 and his fifth, The Flood, on May 30, 2025.