hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anderson localization
In condensed matter physics, Anderson localization (also known as strong localization) is the absence of diffusion of waves in a disordered medium. This phenomenon is named after the American physicist P. W. Anderson, who was the first to suggest that electron localization is possible in a lattice potential, provided that the degree of randomness (disorder) in the lattice is sufficiently large, as can be realized for example in a semiconductor with impurities or defects.

Anderson localization is a general wave phenomenon that applies to the transport of electromagnetic waves, acoustic waves, quantum waves, spin waves, etc. This phenomenon is to be distinguished from weak localization, which is the precursor effect of Anderson localization (see below), and from Mott localization, named after Sir Nevill Mott, where the transition from metallic to insulating behaviour is not due to disorder, but  to  a strong mutual Coulomb repulsion of  electrons.

Crystallographic defect
A crystallographic defect is an interruption of the regular patterns of arrangement of atoms or molecules in crystalline solids. The positions and orientations of particles, which are repeating at fixed distances determined by the unit cell parameters in crystals, exhibit a periodic crystal structure, but this is usually imperfect. Several types of defects are often characterized: point defects, line defects, planar defects, bulk defects. Topological homotopy establishes a mathematical method of characterization.
Snow White (2025 soundtrack)
Disney's Snow White (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack album to the 2025 film Snow White featuring songs written by the songwriting duo Benj Pasek and Justin Paul, who also produced the album with Ian Eisendrath and David Metzger, the orchestrator of the songs. The film, directed by Marc Webb for Walt Disney Pictures, is a live-action reimagining of Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, which was based on the 1812 fairy tale "Snow White" by the Brothers Grimm, the film stars Rachel Zegler as the eponymous title character, alongside Gal Gadot and Andrew Burnap.

The soundtrack was released through Walt Disney Records on March 14, 2025, a week prior to the film's release. It featured 15 songs, four of them were taken from the soundtrack of the original film composed by Frank Churchill and Larry Morey. A deluxe edition of the album was released on March 20, featuring instrumental versions of the songs and the underscore composed by Jeff Morrow.

Rachel Zegler
Rachel Anne Zegler (/ˈzɛɡlər/ ⓘ ZEG-lər; born May 3, 2001) is an American actress and singer. She gained wide recognition for her performance as María in Steven Spielberg's film adaptation West Side Story (2021), winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.

She has since portrayed Anthea in the superhero action film Shazam! Fury of the Gods (2023), Lucy Gray Baird in the teen dystopian drama The Hunger Games: The Ballad of Songbirds & Snakes (2023), and the titular character in the musical fantasy Snow White (2025), which generated significant controversy and was considered to be a box-office bomb. On stage, she made her Broadway debut playing Juliet in Romeo and Juliet (2024), and her West End debut as the titular character in the musical Evita (2025).
Sofia Scharback
Sofia Scharback (born Bygg Ida Sofia Mabergs; 9 April 1993) is a Swedish curler from Gävle. She currently plays lead on Team Anna Hasselborg. With the Hasselborg rink, she won the gold medal in women's curling at the 2018 and 2026 Winter Olympics.

Gävle
Gävle (/ˈjɛvleɪ, -lə/ YEV-lay or YEV-lə; Swedish: [ˈjɛ̌ːvlɛ] ⓘ) is a city in Sweden, the seat of Gävle Municipality and the capital of Gävleborg County. It had 79,004 inhabitants in 2020, which makes it the 13th-most-populated city in Sweden. It is the oldest city in the historical Norrland (Sweden's northern lands), having received its charter in 1446 from Christopher of Bavaria. However, Gävle is far nearer to the greater Stockholm region than it is to most other major settlements in Norrland and has a much milder climate than associated with said region.

In recent years, the city has received much international attention due to its large Yule Goat figure made of straw – the Gävle Goat. The goat is erected in December each year and is often subsequently vandalized, usually by being set on fire. The goat has now become a symbol for the city and is being used for various marketing purposes.
William Bedster
William Bedster (1734–1805) was an English cricketer who is known to have been active between 1777 and 1794.

Bedster was born in 1734 at Walberton near Chichester in Sussex. He made his first known appearance in 1777, playing for England (i.e., the "rest" of England) against Hampshire. He played for numerous teams, most frequently for England, Surrey, and Middlesex in matches.

Bedster was employed as a butler for five years by Charles Bennet, 4th Earl of Tankerville at his Mount Felix estate in Walton-on-Thames. During this time he played for Chertsey Cricket Club. He was frequently used as a given man by other teams. After his playing career was over, Bedster moved to Chelsea where he was an innkeeper. He died in 1805. A road in Molesey in Surrey is named after him.

Walberton
Walberton is a village and civil parish in the Arun District of West Sussex, England, 5 miles (8 km) north-west of Littlehampton, and south of the A27 road. The land rises from 33–115 feet (10–35 m) above sea level, a quarter of the height of Nore Hill, the nearest foothill of the South Downs, which is to the north of the parish. The parish includes the smaller village of Binsted to the east and the larger neighbourhood of Fontwell, less than two-thirds of a mile (1 km) to the north-west. Walberton has a medieval church next to its clustered centre. Binsted's medieval church retains an original setting of village houses dispersed over farm fields.
Dharampur, Rautahat
Dharampur  was a village development committee in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal.

Just before 2017 Nepalese local elections, it was merged with other 5 Village development committees  samanpur, Sangrampur, Bahuwa Madanpur, Gamhariya and Bariyarpur to form Gadhimai Municipality.

At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 7600 people living in 1561 individual households. Mostly Yadav caste in dharampur village.

2017 Nepalese local elections
The 2017 Nepalese local elections were held in Nepal in three phases on 14 May, 28 June and 18 September in 6 metropolitan cities, 11 sub-metropolitan cities, 276 municipalities and 460 rural municipalities. It was the first local level election to be held since the promulgation of the 2015 constitution.
1950 British Empire Trophy
The 1950 British Empire Trophy was a non-Championship Formula One motor race held on 15 June 1950 at the Douglas Circuit, in Douglas, Isle of Man. It was the ninth race of the 1950 Formula One season.

The 36-lap race was won by ERA driver Bob Gerard. Cuth Harrison finished second in an ERA, and Emmanuel de Graffenried third in a Maserati.

Cuth Harrison
Thomas Cuthbert Harrison (6 July 1906 – 21 January 1981) was a British racing driver from England. He was born in Ecclesall, Sheffield, and also died in Sheffield. He participated in three World Championship Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on 13 May 1950. He scored no championship points. He founded the T.C.Harrison Ford dealership.
Tres (poetry collection)
Tres is a collection of poems by the Chilean author Roberto Bolaño, originally published in Spanish in 2000 and scheduled to be published in a bilingual edition in September 2011, translated into English by Laura Healy. The collection is composed of three sections:

“Prose from Autumn in Gerona” - a series of film songs in prose that slowly reveals a subtle and emotional story about unrequited love.

“The Neochileans” - a travel narrative in verse concerned with a young band on tour in the far reaches of Chile. It's a kind of "On the Road" in lyrics.

“A Stroll Through Literature” - a series of short poems. This poems reminds us of Bolaño's great ability to walk the line between the seriously comic and the comically serious.

A selection of 16 poems from the book was published in BOMB Magazine in March 2011.

Bomb (magazine)
Bomb (stylized in all caps as BOMB) is an American arts magazine edited by artists and writers, published quarterly in print and daily online. It is composed primarily of interviews between creative people working in a variety of disciplines—visual art, literature, film, music, theater, architecture, and dance. In addition to interviews, Bomb publishes reviews of literature, film, and music, as well as new poetry and fiction. Bomb is published by New Art Publications, Inc., a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization.
1958 Colorado Buffaloes football team
The 1958 Colorado Buffaloes football team was an American football team that represented the University of Colorado in the Big Seven Conference during the 1958 college football season. Led by 11th-year head coach Dallas Ward, the Buffaloes compiled an overall record of 6–4 with a mark of 4–2 in conference play, placing third in the Big 7. The team played its home games on campus at Folsom Field in Boulder, Colorado.

Colorado opened with five wins, but then dropped four of five, including intrastate losses at home to Colorado State and Air Force to conclude the season. Ward was fired by the university regents in January, and stayed at CU as a professor of physical education. He was succeeded in February by Sonny Grandelius, an assistant at Michigan State under Duffy Daugherty.

1958 Colorado State Rams football team
The 1958 Colorado State Rams football team represented Colorado State University in the Skyline Conference during the 1958 college football season. In their third season under head coach Don Mullison, the Rams compiled a 6–4 record (4–3 against Skyline opponents), finished fourth in the Skyline Conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 178 to 110.

The team's statistical leaders included Freddy Glick with 380 passing yards, Wayne Schneider with 580 rushing yards, and Bill Hanks with 140 receiving yards.
TextEdit
TextEdit is an open-source word processor and text editor, first featured in NeXT's NeXTSTEP and OPENSTEP. It is now distributed with macOS since Apple's acquisition of NeXT, and available as a GNUstep application for other Unix-like operating systems such as Linux. It is powered by Apple Advanced Typography.

Word processor
A word processor (WP) is a device or computer program that provides for input, editing, formatting, and output of text, often with some additional features.

Early word processors were stand-alone devices dedicated to the function, but current word processors are primarily word processor programs running on general purpose computers, including smartphones, tablets, laptops, and desktop computers, with dedicated hardware word processors being confined to a small niche market.

The functions of a word processor program are typically between those of a simple text editor and a desktop publishing program. Many word processing programs have gained advanced features over time providing similar functionality to desktop publishing programs.

Common word processor programs include LibreOffice Writer, Google Docs and Microsoft Word.
Rasafa, Idlib
Rasafa (Arabic: الرصافة)  is a Syrian village located in Saraqib Nahiyah in Idlib District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Rasafa had a population of 1,148 in the 2004 census.

Idlib Governorate
Idlib Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة ادلب, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Idlib) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in northwestern Syria, bordering Turkey's Hatay province to the north, Aleppo Governorate to the east, Hama Governorate to the south, and Latakia Governorate to the west. Reports of its area vary, depending on the source, from 5,933 square kilometres (2,291 sq mi)2 to 6,097 square kilometres (2,354 sq mi)2. The provincial capital is Idlib.
Murder in the Clouds
Murder in the Clouds is a 1934 American action film dealing with aviation. The film stars Lyle Talbot and Ann Dvorak, and is directed by D. Ross Lederman. Although standard formula "B" film fare, it was notable as the screenplay and original story was written by Dore Schary as a freelance writer, during one of his periods when he was fired from a more prestigious film job. Schary was a director, writer, producer and playwright who later became head of production at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, and eventually president of the studio. Equally important on Murder in the Clouds was the work of Elmer Dyer who had become a preeminent aviation cinematographer.

Ford Trimotor
The Ford Trimotor (also called the "Tri-Motor", and nicknamed the "Tin Goose") is an American three-engined transport aircraft. It made its first flight on June 11, 1926. Production started in 1925 by the companies of Henry Ford and ended on June 7, 1933, after 199 had been made. It was designed for the civil aviation market, but also saw service with military units.
1986 Nauruan parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Nauru on 6 December 1986. As there were no political parties, all candidates ran as independents. However, the Parliament elected had two opposing groups holding nine seats each, resulting in a deadlock. To resolve the issue, Parliament was dissolved on 30 December, prompting fresh elections in January.

The elections saw the first-ever female candidate elected, with Ruby Dediya becoming MP for Anetan/Ewa and subsequently being appointed Minister for Finance. She retained the position after the 1987 elections.

Ministry of Finance of Nauru
Ministry of Finance of Nauru is a ministry in Nauru responsible for overseeing and coordinating effective management of public finance and resources in Nauru. One of the divisions of the ministry is responsible for preparing annual budget. The ministry is led by minister of finance appointed by President of Nauru. The current minister of finance is President David Adeang.
Ramil Aritkulov
Ramil Kamilevich Aritkulov (Russian: Рамиль Камильевич Ариткулов, born 1 March 1978) is a Russian middle-distance runner who specializes in the 800 metres.

He participated at the 2002 European Championships, the 2004 Summer Olympics, the 2006 World Indoor Championships and the 2006 European Championships. He finished fifth in 1500 m at the 2006 IAAF World Cup and won a silver medal in 800 m at the 2003 Summer Universiade.

Artikulov is an ethnic Tatar. He was born in Kerki.

2006 European Athletics Championships
The 19th European Athletics Championships were held in Gothenburg, Sweden, between 7 August and 13 August 2006. The competition arena was the Ullevi Stadium and the official motto "Catch the Spirit". Gothenburg also hosted the 1995 World Championships in Athletics, and Stockholm, Sweden's capital, hosted 1958 European Athletics Championships.
Flattening
Flattening is a measure of the compression of a circle or sphere along a diameter to form an ellipse or an ellipsoid of revolution (spheroid) respectively. Other terms used are ellipticity, or oblateness. The usual notation for flattening is  and its definition in terms of the semi-axes  and  of the resulting ellipse or ellipsoid is

The compression factor is  in each case; for the ellipse, this is also its aspect ratio.

Sphere
A sphere (from Ancient Greek σφαῖρα, sphaîra) is a surface analogous to the circle, a curve. In solid geometry, a sphere is the set of points that are all at the same distance r from a given point in three-dimensional space. That given point is the center of the sphere, and the distance r is the sphere's radius. The earliest known mentions of spheres appear in the work of the ancient Greek mathematicians.

The sphere is a fundamental surface in many fields of mathematics. Spheres and nearly-spherical shapes also appear in nature and industry. Bubbles such as soap bubbles take a spherical shape in equilibrium. The Earth is often approximated as a sphere in geography, and the celestial sphere is an important concept in astronomy. Manufactured items including pressure vessels and most curved mirrors and lenses are based on spheres. Spheres roll smoothly in any direction, so most balls used in sports and toys are spherical, as are ball bearings.
Deborah Scanzio
Deborah Scanzio (born 25 December 1986 in Faido) is a Swiss-born Italian freestyle skier, specializing in Moguls.

Scanzio competed at the 2006 and 2010 Winter Olympics for Italy. Her best finish was in moguls, when she placed 13th in the qualifying round, and 9th in the final. In 2010, she again advanced to the moguls final, advancing to the final, where she placed 8th.

As of April 2013, she has one World Championships medal, a bronze in the moguls event in 2007.

Scanzio made her World Cup debut in December 2002. As of April 2013, she has three World Cup podium finishes, taking silver each time, twice in 2007/08 and once in 2006/07. Her best World Cup overall finish in moguls is 9th, in 2007/08.

FIS Freestyle Ski World Cup
The FIS Freestyle Ski World Cup is an annual freestyle skiing competition arranged by the International Ski Federation since 1980. Currently six disciplines are included in world cup: moguls, aerials, ski cross, halfpipe, slopestyle and big air. In the 1980s and 1990s there were also ski ballet and combined, which no longer exist.

Races are hosted primarily at ski resorts in North America, the Alps in Europe, with regular stops in Scandinavia, east Asia, but a few races have also been held in the Southern Hemisphere. World Cup competitions have been hosted in 22 countries around the world: Australia, Austria, Belarus, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan,  New Zealand, Norway, Russia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine and the United States. (note that all world cup races hosted at ski resort in Ukraine was still part of Soviet Union respectively.)
The Ball Street Journal
The Ball Street Journal is the tenth studio album by American rapper E-40. It was released on November 24, 2008, by Sick Wid It Records, BME Recordings and Reprise Records. The first single from the album is "Wake It Up" featuring Akon, while the second is "Break Ya Ankles" featuring Shawty Lo. The album debuted at number 42 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart, with 50,000 copies in its first-week of sales, and has since sold over 450,000 copies.

The album features guest appearances by Shawty Lo, Turf Talk, The Game, Snoop Dogg, T-Pain, Rock City, Akon, Bun B, Gucci Mane, Sammie, Ice-T, Too Short, Cousin Fik, Kevin Cossom, B-Legit, Bosko & Suga-T. A photo shoot of the album appeared in an episode of the second season of From G's to Gents. "Got Rich Twice" featuring Turf Talk was released as a promo single on September 30, 2008, while "Poor Man's Hydraulics" was released as a promo single on October 28.

From G's to Gents
From G's to Gents is an American reality television series aired on MTV, which features  misdirected young men willing to change their lives and become gentlemen. The show is hosted by Fonzworth Bentley, and premiered on MTV on July 15, 2008. The objective of the show is to make the transformation from a roughneck to a sophisticated gentleman within the given time. The second season premiered on February 10, 2009.
George Grosvenor
George Alfred Grosvenor (August 4, 1910 – September 20, 2001) was an American football player. He played college football for the University of Colorado Buffaloes and professional football for the St. Louis/Kansas City Blues in the American Football League and the Chicago Bears (1935–1936) and Chicago Cardinals (1936–1937) in the National Football League (NFL).

Colorado Buffaloes football
The Colorado Buffaloes football program represents the University of Colorado Boulder in college football at the NCAA Division I FBS level, and is a member of the Big 12 Conference.

The team was a charter member of the Big 12 before leaving to join the Pac-12 Conference after the 2010 season. After 13 seasons in the Pac-12, the team returned to the Big 12 in 2024. Before joining the Big 12, they were members of the Big Eight Conference.

The team has played at Folsom Field in Boulder, Colorado since 1924. Their all-time record is 735–556–36 (.577 winning percentage) as of the 2025 season. Colorado won the 1990 National Championship that was shared by Georgia Tech. The team is 27th on the all-time win list and 40th in all-time winning percentage, along with two Heisman Trophy winners, Rashaan Salaam in 1994 and Travis Hunter in 2024.
1973 Paris–Roubaix
The 1973 Paris–Roubaix was the 71st edition of the Paris–Roubaix cycle race and was held on 15 April 1973. The race started in Compiègne and finished in Roubaix. The race was won by Eddy Merckx of the Molteni team.

Compiègne
Compiègne (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃pjɛɲ] ⓘ; Picard: Compiène) is a commune in the Oise department of northern France. It is located on the river Oise,  and its inhabitants are called Compiégnois ([kɔ̃pjeɲwa]).
Protopyknosia
Protopyknosia is an extinct clade of archosauriform reptiles from the Late Triassic of India and the United States. First identified by Sterling Nesbitt et al. in 2021, the clade contains two genera: Kranosaura and Triopticus. Members of Protopyknosia characteristically have an unusually domed head reminiscent of the later pachycephalosaurian dinosaurs in an example of convergent evolution. The clade was defined by Nesbitt et al. 2021 as the "most inclusive clade containing Triopticus primus, but not Passer domesticus (the house sparrow), Triceratops horridus, Alligator mississippiensis (the American alligator), Sphenodon punctatus (the tuatara), Heloderma suspectum (the Gila monster), or Chrysemys picta (the painted turtle)"

Late Triassic
The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch of the Triassic Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between 237 Ma and 201.4 Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch and followed by the Early Jurassic Epoch. The corresponding series of rock beds is known as the Upper Triassic. The Late Triassic is divided into the Carnian, Norian and Rhaetian ages.

Many of the first dinosaurs evolved during the Late Triassic, including Plateosaurus, Coelophysis, Herrerasaurus, and Eoraptor. The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event began during this epoch and  is one of the five major mass extinction events of the Earth.
Killay, Swansea
Killay (Welsh: Cilâ) is a suburb and community in Swansea, Wales. Killay has its own community council. The village is set high above sea level, about 3.5 miles (5.6 km) west of Swansea city centre. It adjoins the town of Dunvant and the Tycoch area of Swansea. Gowerton lies to the north. The community had a population of 5,702 in 2011.

The north of the area is mainly residential and is deemed a relatively affluent area of Swansea. The south of the area consists of an unpopulated common, which is used for grazing and forms part of Gower Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. There is also another community called Upper Killay.

Swansea City Centre
Swansea city centre in Swansea, Wales, contains the main shopping, leisure and nightlife district in Swansea.  The city centre covers much of the Castle ward including the area around Oxford Street, Castle Square, and the Quadrant Shopping Centre; Alexandra Road, High Street, Wind Street and the Castle; Parc Tawe; and the Maritime Quarter extending down to the seafront.