hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Manuel Rocha
Victor Manuel Rocha (born October 23, 1950) is a former American diplomat and United States Ambassador to Bolivia. Rocha was arrested by federal officials in December 2023 and admitted to acting as an illegal agent of Cuba for 40 years. He was sentenced to 15 years in federal prison.

Foreign Service officer
A Foreign Service officer (FSO) is a commissioned member of the United States Foreign Service. FSOs formulate and implement the foreign policy of the United States. They spend most of their careers overseas as members of U.S. embassies, consulates, and other diplomatic missions, though some receive assignments to serve at combatant commands, Congress, and educational institutions such as the various U.S. service academies.

As of 2021, there were over 8,000 FSOs.
Terry Gibbs (wrestler)
Manny Saine (born February 20, 1953) is a retired American professional wrestler better known by his ring name Terry Gibbs. He wrestled for the World Wrestling Federation in the 1980s,  American Wrestling Association, World Wrestling Council, and the National Wrestling Alliance.

ICW Southeastern Tag Team Championship
The ICW Southeastern Tag Team Championship was a short-lived secondary tag team championship in International Championship Wrestling. Because the championship is a professional wrestling championship, it is not won or lost competitively but instead by the decision of the bookers of a wrestling promotion. The championship is awarded after the chosen team "wins" a match to maintain the illusion that professional wrestling is a competitive sport.
Pensieri e parole
"Pensieri e parole" (lit. 'Thoughts and Words') is a 1971 song composed by Lucio Battisti (music) and  Mogol (lyrics), arranged by Gian Piero Reverberi and performed by Lucio Battisti.

The song consists of an inner dialogue with himself, addressed with two different melodic lines that intersect with each other.

Mogol (lyricist)
Giulio Rapetti (born 17 August 1936), best known as Mogol (Italian pronunciation: [moˈɡɔl]), is an Italian music lyricist. He is best known for his collaborations with Lucio Battisti, Gianni Bella, Marcella Bella, Adriano Celentano and Mango.
Little Bob
Roberto Piazza (May 10, 1945, Alessandria, Italy) better known by his stage name as Little Bob is a French rock musician with strong blues and rhythm 'n' blues influences.

Lemmy from Motörhead features on the album Ringolevio (1987).

In 2011, the vocalist Roberto Piazza alias Little Bob plays himself in the movie Le Havre directed by Aki Kaurismäki, in competition at the 2011 edition of Festival de Cannes.

Aki Kaurismäki
Aki Olavi Kaurismäki (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈɑki ˈo̞lɑʋi ˈkɑu̯rismæki] ⓘ; born 4 April 1957) is a Finnish filmmaker. He is best known for films such as Leningrad Cowboys Go America (1989), Drifting Clouds (1996), The Man Without a Past (2002), Le Havre (2011), The Other Side of Hope (2017), and Fallen Leaves (2023).
Skeleton Canyon
Skeleton Canyon, called Cañon Bonita by the Mexicans, is located 30 miles (50 km) northeast of the town of Douglas, Arizona, in the Peloncillo Mountains, which straddle the modern Arizona and New Mexico state line, in the New Mexico Bootheel region.

This canyon connects the Animas Valley of New Mexico with the San Simon Valley of Arizona, and was once a main route between the United States and Mexico for both legal and illegal traffic.  While originally known as Guadalupe Canyon, the area came to be called Skeleton Canyon, owing to the bones of cows and humans left behind by cattle drives from Mexico.

Douglas, Arizona
Douglas is a city in Cochise County, Arizona, United States, that lies in the north-west to south-east running Sulphur Springs Valley. Douglas has a border crossing with Mexico at Agua Prieta and a history of mining.

The population was 16,531 in the 2020 Census.
Gian Paolo Mele
Gian Paolo Mele (Nuoro, June 10, 1944 – Nuoro, February 15, 2018) was an Italian choral conductor, composer and ethnomusicologist. Already at an early age he was interested in ethnomusicology; he became director of the Coro di Nuoro (Chorus of Nuoro), and he edited the editions of a remarkable record and audiovisual production of Sardinia's folk music.

In 2003, he composed the soundtrack of the film Three-Step Dance by Salvatore Mereu.

Ethnomusicology
Ethnomusicology is the multidisciplinary study of music in its cultural context. The discipline investigates social, cognitive, biological, comparative, and other dimensions. Ethnomusicologists study music as a reflection of culture and investigate the act of music-making through various immersive, observational, and analytical approaches. This discipline emerged from comparative musicology, initially focusing on non-Western music, but later expanded to embrace the study of all different music.

The practice of ethnomusicology relies on direct engagement and performance, as well as academic work. Fieldwork takes place among those who make the music, engaging local languages and culture as well as music. Ethnomusicologists can become participant observers, learning to perform the music they are studying. Fieldworkers also collect recordings and contextual data.
Johan Georg Geitel
Johan Georg Geitel (1683–1771), also Johann or Hans Jürgen Geitell, Geittel or Geittell, was a German-born painter in Finland when it was under Swedish rule.

Geitel was born in Braunschweig, Germany, and later moved to Stockholm and then Finland. He primarily painted religious-themed paintings and portraits. When Geitel relocated to Turku, the painters Claes Lang and Jonas Bergman protested, claiming there was not enough work for all of them. The local registrar's office granted Geitel permission for only church historical paintings.  He taught at the Royal Academy of Turku from 1758 to 1763.

In 1755 he painted the altarpiece for Paimio church. He produced paintings for the Nousiainen church in 1756, the Lempäälä church in 1759, and the manor house for the Bishop of Turku in 1760. Geitel died in 1771 in Turku.

Royal Academy of Turku
The Royal Academy of Turku or the Royal Academy of Åbo was the first university in Finland, and the only Finnish university that was founded when the country still was a part of Sweden. It was founded in 1640. In 1809, after Finland became a grand duchy within the Russian Empire, it was renamed the Imperial Academy of Turku. In 1828, after the Great Fire of Turku, the institution was moved to Helsinki, in line with the relocation of the capital of the grand duchy. It was finally renamed the University of Helsinki when Finland declared independence in 1917.
Quirinus of Tegernsee
Quirinus of Tegernsee, or Quirinus of Rome (not to be confused with Quirinus of Neuss, also sometimes called Quirinus of Rome), is venerated as a martyr and saint of the third century.

According to one tradition, he was beheaded during the reign of Claudius Gothicus (268-70).  His corpse was thrown into the Tiber and later found at Tiber Island.

Tiber Island
The Tiber Island (Italian: Isola Tiberina, Latin: Insula Tiberina) is the only river island in the part of the Tiber which runs through Rome. Tiber Island is located in the southern bend of the Tiber.

The island is boat-shaped, approximately 270 metres (890 feet) long and 67 metres (220 feet) wide, and has been connected with bridges to both sides of the river since antiquity. Being a seat of the ancient temple of Asclepius and later a hospital, the island is associated with medicine and healing. The Fatebenefratelli Hospital founded in the 16th century, and the basilica church of San Bartolomeo all'Isola dating from the 10th century, are located on the island.
Čistiny
Čistiny is a nature reserve in the Slovak municipality of Kamenný Most. It covers an area of 17,8 ha and has a protection level of 4 on national level. The national nature reserve was declared to protect the remnants of halophyte vegetation. Čistiny is located close to the Kamenínske slanisko national nature reserve with which it creates the biggest halophilous vegetation habitat remaining in Slovakia. Until the middle of the 20th century the area was known for its Puccinellietum limosae habitat. Recent research showed no evidence of these plants anymore.

Puccinellia
Puccinellia is a genus of plants in the grass family, known as alkali grass or salt grass.

These grasses grow in wet environments, often in saline or alkaline conditions. They are native to temperate to Arctic regions of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
Ahmad Wartam
Ahmad Wartam (1935 – 29 November 2014) was a Singapore international footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He is the father of former Singapore international striker Fandi Ahmad, and grandfather to Singaporean footballers Irfan, Ikhsan, Iman, Ilhan, Iryan.

Ahmad started his football career as a left winger before switching to goalkeeping after a knee injury. He played for Fathul Karib in the SAFA League, and for Singapore FA in the Malaysia Cup. Following a neck injury to regular custodian Wilfred Skinner, he played in Singapore's victory in the 1967 FAM Cup final. He retained his place in the 1967 Malaysia Cup after Skinner was dropped from the squad and started the final in a 2–1 loss to Perak.

In October 2014, Ahmad was admitted into intensive care at Tan Tock Seng Hospital for heart and lung problems. He died a month later on 29 November.

Football Association of Malaysia
The Football Association of Malaysia (commonly abbreviated as FAM; Malay: Persatuan Bola Sepak Malaysia) is the national governing body of football in Malaysia, headquartered at Wisma FAM. The FAM is also one of the founding members of both the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) and the Asian Football Confederation (AFC). It has been affiliated with FIFA since 1954. The FAM oversees the organisation and development of football and advancing the game at all levels in Malaysia, and is responsible for all aspects of the amateur and professional game in its territory. This includes the men's, women's and youth national football teams as well as the Malaysian Amateur Football League and Malaysia Premier Futsal League.
Polleras
Cerro Polleras is a mountain in the Andes at the border of Argentina and Chile with an elevation of 5,993 metres (19,662 ft) metres. Polleras is within the Principal Cordillera of the Andes. Its territory is within the Argentine protected area of Tupungato Volcano Provincial Park. It is on the border of two provinces: Argentinean province of Mendoza and Chilean province of Cordillera. Its slopes are within the territory of two cities: Argentinean city of Luján de Cuyo and Chilean commune of San José de Maipo.

San José de Maipo
San José de Maipo is the name of a commune in Chile and the city within it, located in Cordillera Province, Santiago Metropolitan Region, some 48 kilometers south-east of capital Santiago, bordered on the east by Argentina which lies across the Andes.
Cisgender
The word cisgender (often shortened to cis; sometimes cissexual) describes a person whose gender identity corresponds to their sex assigned at birth, i.e., someone who is not transgender. The prefix cis- is Latin and means on this side of. The term cisgender was coined in 1994 as an antonym to transgender, and entered into dictionaries starting in 2015 as a result of changes in social discourse about gender.

Related concepts are cisnormativity (the presumption that cisgender identity is preferred or normal) and cissexism (bias or prejudice favoring cisgender people).

Sexology
Sexology is the scientific study of human sexuality, including human sexual interests, behaviors, and functions. The term sexology does not generally refer to the non-scientific study of sexuality, such as social criticism.

Sexologists apply tools from several academic fields, such as anthropology, biology, medicine, psychology, epidemiology, sociology, and criminology. Topics of study include sexual development (puberty), sexual orientation, gender identity, sexual relationships, sexual activities, paraphilias, and atypical sexual interests. It also includes the study of sexuality across the lifespan, including child sexuality, puberty, adolescent sexuality, and sexuality among the elderly. The field of sexology also encompasses the study of sexuality among individuals with mental or physical disabilities. The sexological study of sexual dysfunctions and disorders, including erectile dysfunction and anorgasmia, are also mainstays.
St. Helena AVA
St. Helena is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located within Napa Valley landform, centered in and around the town of St. Helena, California. The wine appellation was established on October 11, 1995, as the nation's 128th, the state's 75th and county's tenth AVA  by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF), Treasury after reviewing the petition submitted by Mr. Charles A. Carpy, Chairman of the St. Helena Appellation Committee, proposing to establish a new viticultural area in Napa County to be known as "St. Helena."

The St. Helena Appellation Committee is composed of various vineyard and
winery owners located throughout the St. Helena locale. The viticultural area is located approximately sixteen miles (26 km) northwest of the city of Napa. It is a sub-appellation within the larger, previously established Napa Valley viticultural area and is densely planted with 6,800 acres (2,800 ha) of vines sourcing 93 wineries.

Napa, California
Napa is the largest city in and the county seat of Napa County and a principal city of Wine Country in Northern California, United States. Located in the North Bay region of the Bay Area, the city had a population of 76,921 as of the July, 2024. Napa is a major tourist destination in California, known for its wineries, restaurants, and arts culture.
Division No. 1, Subdivision B, Newfoundland and Labrador
Division No. 1, Subdivision B is an unorganized subdivision on the Avalon Peninsula in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It is in Division 1 and contains the unorganized communities of Iona, Little Barasway, Placentia Junction, Point Verde and Ship Harbour.

Avalon Peninsula
The Avalon Peninsula (French: Péninsule d'Avalon) is a large peninsula that makes up the southeast portion of the island of Newfoundland in Canada. It is 9,220.61 square kilometres (3,560.10 sq mi) in size.

The peninsula is home to 270,348 people, about 52% of  the province's population, according to the 2016 Canadian census. The peninsula is the location of St. John's, the provincial capital and largest city. It is connected to the main section of the island by the 5 km (3 mi) wide Isthmus of Avalon. The peninsula protrudes into the rich fishing zones near the Grand Banks. Its four major bays (Trinity Bay, Conception Bay, St. Mary's Bay and Placentia Bay) have long been the centre of Newfoundland's fishing industry.
Amálie Švábíková
Amálie Švábíková (born 22 November 1999) is a Czech pole vaulter. She won the bronze medal at the 2023 European Indoor Championships. Švábíková claimed silver and gold at the 2019 and 2021 European Under-23 Championships respectively.

She was the 2016 European U18 bronze medallist to take gold at the World U20 Championships two years later. Švábíková is the Czech indoor record holder for the pole vault and won six national titles.

She competed in the women's pole vault at the 2017 and 2022 World Athletics Championships, and at the 2022 World Athletics Indoor Championships.

At the 2024 Summer Olympics Švábíková finished fifth, set a new Czech outdoor record with a height of 4.80 m, supprassing previous record Jiřina Ptáčníková's 4.76 m from 2013.

2022 World Athletics Indoor Championships
The 18th World Athletics Indoor Championships were held from 18 to 20 March 2022 in Belgrade, Serbia.

Ethiopia headed the medal table, with 4 gold medals. United States won the most medals, with 19, as well as getting the second highest number of golds, with 3.
Wally Hicks
Matthew Walter Hicks (born September 11, 1976) is a Republican politician from the U.S. state of Oregon. He served in the Oregon House of Representatives from 2011 to 2015, representing District 3, which encompasses most of Josephine County, including the cities of Grants Pass and Cave Junction.

Oregon House of Representatives
The Oregon House of Representatives is the lower house of the Oregon Legislative Assembly, the upper house being the Oregon State Senate. There are 60 members of the House, representing 60 districts across the state, each with a population of approximately 65,000. The House meets in the west wing of the Oregon State Capitol in Salem.

Members of the House serve two-year terms without term limits. In 2002, the Oregon Supreme Court struck down Oregon Ballot Measure 3 (1992), that had restricted State Representatives to three terms (six years) on procedural grounds.

In the current legislative session, Democrats have 37 seats, a slim 2 seat supermajority, while the Republicans have a minority of 23 seats.
A Hipster in Rural Spain
A Hipster in Rural Spain (Spanish: Un hipster en la España vacía) is a 2024 comedy film directed by Emilio Martínez Lázaro, with a screenplay by Daniel Castro based on the satirical book by Daniel Gascón. It stars Lalo Tenorio, Berta Vázquez, Macarena García, and Paco León.

Macarena García
Macarena García de la Camacha Gutiérrez-Ambrossi (born 26 April 1988) is a Spanish actress. She won the Goya Award for Best New Actress for her performance in the 2012 silent film Snow White. She has since featured in films such as Palm Trees in the Snow (2015), Holy Camp! (2017), and A House on Fire (2024) and series such as El ministerio del tiempo and La mesías.
Appleby Group
The Appleby Group is a lithostratigraphical term referring to the succession of Permian Period aeolian and fluviatile rock strata which occur in northwest England and beneath the Irish Sea in the United Kingdom.

The Appleby Group unconformably overlies a variety of older rock strata (Carboniferous). It is succeeded (overlain) by the Cumbrian Coast Group Its lowermost sub-unit is the Brockram, a breccia which sits unconformably on a range of older strata.

Breccia
Breccia (/ˈbrɛ(t)ʃiə/ BRETCH-ee-ə, BRESH-; Italian: [ˈbrettʃa]; Italian for 'breach') is a clastic rock composed of large angular broken fragments of minerals or rocks cemented together by a fine-grained matrix.

The word has its origins in the Italian language, in which it means 'rubble'. A breccia may have a variety of different origins, as indicated by the named types including sedimentary breccia, fault or tectonic breccia, igneous breccia, impact breccia, and hydrothermal breccia.

A megabreccia is a breccia composed of very large rock fragments, sometimes kilometers across, which can be formed by landslides, impact events, or caldera collapse.
Schotte
Schotte is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Apollonius Schotte (c. 1579–1639), Dutch statesman, jurist and poet

Briek Schotte  (1919–2004), Belgian professional cyclist

Gerrit Schotte (born 1974), politician from Curaçao

Jacques Schotte (1928–2007), Belgian psychiatrist and psychoanalyst

Jan Pieter Schotte (1928–2005), Belgian Cardinal

Jacques Schotte
Jacques Schotte (June 26, 1928 – September 18, 2007) was a Belgian psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, co-founder, in 1969, with Antoine Vergote and Alphonse De Waelhens of the Belgian School of Psychoanalysis.
Lignosus tigris
Lignosus tigris is a species of poroid fungus in the family Polyporaceae. Its fruit bodies have a roughly circular, brown to ochre cap measuring up to 11.3 cm (4.4 in) in diameter, supported by a muddy-brown stipe up to 14 cm (5.5 in) long and 1.8 cm (0.7 in) thick. The honeycomb-like pores on the cap underside number 1–2 per millimetre.

Described as a new species in 2013 by mycologist Chon-Seng Tan, it is found in the tropical forests of Pahang, Malaysia. The specific epithet tigris alludes to the local folklore that the fungus originated from milk dripped onto the ground while a tigress fed her cubs. The fungus fruit bodies are similar in appearance to those of Lignosus sacer, but differs in having larger pores, and smaller spores that typically measure 2.5–5.5 by 1.8–3.6 μm.

Tropical forest
Tropical forests are forested ecoregions with tropical climates – that is, land areas approximately bounded by the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, but possibly affected by other factors such as prevailing winds.

Some tropical forest types are difficult to categorize. While forests in temperate areas are readily categorized on the basis of tree canopy density, such schemes do not work well in tropical forests. There is no single scheme that defines what a forest is, in tropical regions or elsewhere. Because of these difficulties, information on the extent of tropical forests varies between sources. However, tropical forests are extensive, making up just under half the world's forests. The tropical domain has the largest proportion of the world's forests (45 percent), followed by the boreal, temperate and subtropical domains.

More than 3.6 million hectares of virgin tropical forest was lost in 2018.
Chika Okpala
Chief Chika Okpala Listenⓘ MFR (born 10 June 1950) is a Nigerian actor and comedian. He is popularly known as Chief Zebrudaya, a sobriquet he got from his role in a TV comedy series, New Masquerade, which aired from 1983 to 1993.

He is considered a veteran in the entertainment industry because of his consistency and contributions. In recognition of his impact, he was honoured in 2017 with the Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Award (AMVCA), presented by MultiChoice through Africa Magic, for lifetime contribution to the development of African cinema.

Order of the Federal Republic
The Member of the Order of the Federal Republic (MFR) is one of two orders of merit, established by the Federal Republic of Nigeria in 1963. It is senior to the Order of the Niger.

The highest honours are the Grand Commander in the Order of the Federal Republic and Grand Commander in the Order of the Niger and they are awarded to the President and vice-president respectively. The Presiding Judge in the Supreme Court and the Chairman of the Senate are former officials Grand Commanders in the Order of the Niger.

The Nigerians have followed the British example in the form and structure of the Order. There are also post-nominal letters for the members of the Order of the Niger.

There is a Civil Division and a Military Division. The ribbon of the latter division has a small red line in the middle.
IR/UV mixing
In theoretical physics, it is usually possible to organize physical phenomena according to the energy scale or distance scale. The theory of renormalization group is based on this paradigm. The short-distance, ultraviolet (UV) physics does not directly affect qualitative features of the long-distance, infrared (IR) physics, and vice versa.

This separation of scales holds in quantum field theory. However, in its generalizations such as noncommutative field theory and quantum gravity—string theory in particular—it is expected that interrelations between UV and IR physics start to emerge. In many cases, these interrelations, UV/IR mixing, may be demonstrated explicitly.

Quantum field theory
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics.: xi  QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles. The current standard model of particle physics is based on QFT.

Despite its extraordinary predictive success, QFT faces ongoing challenges in fully incorporating gravity and in establishing a completely rigorous mathematical foundation.