hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Silesian Institute in Katowice
The Silesian Institute in Katowice (Polish: Instytut Śląski w Katowicach) was a regional scientific organization collecting local information about the region of Silesia, working in Katowice from 1934 to 1939 and 1945 to 1949, and during the Nazi occupation of Poland during World War II (1939 to 1945) as an underground movement in Warschau, Krakau and Lemburg.

Between 1945 and 1948, the Silesian Institute founded branches in Wrocław and Kłodzko and also the Jerzy Bandtkie Library in Cieplice Śląskie-Zdrój. During reorganization in 1948, the Silesian Institute became part of the Western Institute in Poznań.

The works and tradition of the Silesian Institute are continued by the Silesian Institute in Opole (Instytut Śląski w Opolu) established in 1957 and the Silesian Scientific Institute in Katowice (Śląski Instutut Naukowy w Katowicach) established in 1958.

Kłodzko
Kłodzko ([ˈkwɔt͡skɔ] ⓘ; Czech: Kladsko; German: Glatz; Latin: Glacio) is a historic town in south-western Poland, in the region of Lower Silesia. It is situated in the centre of the Kłodzko Valley, on the Eastern Neisse (Nysa Kłodzka) river.

Kłodzko is the seat of Kłodzko County (and of the rural Gmina Kłodzko, although the town itself is a separate urban gmina), and is situated in Lower Silesian Voivodeship. With 25,717 inhabitants at the 2021 Census, Kłodzko is the main commercial centre as well as an important transport and tourist node for the area.

For its historical monuments it is sometimes referred to as "Little Prague" (Polish: Mała Praga). It was established as a settlement in the 10th century, and is one of the oldest towns in Poland, having been granted city rights in 1233. Culturally and traditionally a part of Bohemia, administratively it has been periodically part of Silesia in the Middle Ages and again permanently since 1763.
Nick Greenstock
Nicholas Greenstock (born 3 November 1973 in Dubai) is a former rugby union footballer, who won four caps for England during 1997 at centre.

He played club rugby for Wasps, Harlequins, London Irish and Staines.

Educated at Port Regis School prep school and later Sherborne School, he is the son of Sir Jeremy Greenstock, a former high-ranking British diplomat and the former United Kingdom Ambassador to the United Nations.

Nick retired from full-time professional rugby in 2002, but played part-time with Harlequins and then London Irish 2002-2004 whilst working for the Royal Bank of Scotland.

Nick left the Royal Bank of Scotland in 2010, and is Managing Director and a founder partner of Gatehouse Advisory Partners, a geopolitical consultancy established with his father Sir Jeremy Greenstock and Sir David Manning.

Nick is married and has two children.

Staines RFC
Staines Rugby Football Club (Staines R.F.C.; trading as Staines Rugby Football Club Limited) is an English rugby union club founded in 1926, whose first team "The Swans" now play in Counties 4 Surrey. The club's home ground, The Reeves, in the London Borough of Hounslow, has five pitches and opened in 1964.

The club runs a number of senior men's and women's teams with names such as "the Swans" and "the Cobs". It was one of the first in the county to have Mini and Youth sections for children aged 4 to 17.

A notable former mini rugby player was British and Irish Lions Lawrence Dallaglio, who started his career at the age of eight.
Charassognathus
Charassognathus (meaning 'notched jaw') is an extinct genus of Late Permian cynodonts. Described in 2007 from a locality near Fraserburg, South Africa, Charassognathus is one of the earliest and most basal cynodonts. It is known only from the holotype, which dates from the Late Permian Period. The type and only species is C. gracilis.  The holotype (SAM-PK-K 10369), found in the Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone of the Teekloof Formation, is made up of a crushed skull, partial lower jaw and one leg.

Charassognathus was a quadrupedal predator. It was named for a notch on its coronoid process which most likely was the insertion point for a chewing muscle, the adductor mandibulae externus. Charassognathus was a small animal, with a skull only 5 centimetres (2.0 in) in length. Since the body of Charassognathus has not been discovered, its full length remains unknown, but estimates have been made at 50 centimetres (20 in).

Iziko South African Museum
The Iziko South African Museum, formerly the South African Museum (Afrikaans: Suid-Afrikaanse Museum), is a South African national museum located in Cape Town. The museum was founded in 1825, the first in the country. It has been on its present site in the Company's Garden since 1897. The museum houses important African zoology, palaeontology, and archaeology collections.

In 2012, the South African Museum was renamed to its present name. It is governed by the national museums' governing body, Iziko Museums of South Africa. Iziko is a Xhosa word meaning "hearth".
Al-Gassaniyya
Al-Gassaniyya (c. 10th or 11th century) was an Andalusian adība (woman of letters) and poet from Bayyāna, present-day Pechina, Almería, Spain.

Few details remain in the historic record about this Arab poet; her surname, the last remnant of her identity, indicates she belonged to the Gassān clan and was from Bayyāna. She lived perhaps during the height of economic and cultural splendor in Taifa of Almería, coinciding with the reigns of Jairán and Abu Yahya Muhammad al-Mutasim. This would have made her a contemporary of Zaynab al-Mariyya, another Almerian woman poet.

She is known for writing panegyrics dedicated to the kings.

Only six lines written by al-Gassaniyya have survived: part of a romantic prelude to a likely much longer qasida about Jairán, the king of Almeria, that emulates the work of the famous court poet Ibn Darraj al-Qastalli:

Panegyric
A panegyric (US: /ˌpænɪˈdʒɪrɪk/ or UK: /ˌpænɪˈdʒaɪrɪk/) or praise poem is a formal public speech or written verse, delivered in high praise of a person or thing. The original panegyrics were speeches delivered at public events in ancient Athens.
Mendori
Mendori is a village in the Bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is located in the Huzur tehsil and the Phanda block. The National Law Institute University, The Sanskaar Valley School and the Kerwa Dam reservoir are located nearby.

Community development block
In India, a community development block (CD block) or simply a block is a sub-division of a district, administratively earmarked for planning and development. In tribal areas, similar sub-divisions are called tribal development blocks (TD blocks). The area is administered by a block development officer (BDO), supported by several technical specialists and village-level workers. A community development block covers several gram panchayats, the local administrative units at the village level. A block is a rural subdivision and typically smaller than a tehsil. A tehsil is purely for revenue administration, whereas a block is for rural development purposes. In most states, a block is coterminous with the panchayat samiti area.
Alexis Davis (fighter)
Alexis Evelyn Chris Davis (born March 6, 1984) is a Canadian mixed martial artist who competed in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) where she is a former Title challenger. She is a Canadian Open grappling champion.

Strikeforce (mixed martial arts)
Strikeforce was an American mixed martial arts and kickboxing organization based in San Jose, California, that operated from 1985 to 2013. It was headed by CEO Scott Coker.

Its live events and competitions have been shown on CBS, debuting on November 7, 2009, and Showtime in the United States. Internationally, Strikeforce events have been broadcast Super Channel in Canada, Primetime in the United Kingdom, SKY PerfecTV! in Japan, HBO Plus in Brazil, Space in Latin America and the Caribbean, and on the American Forces Network.

In early 2011, Strikeforce was purchased by American Ultimate Fighting Championship owner Zuffa LLC, which eventually closed the promotion and brought the remaining fighter contracts into the UFC roster.
Melissa d'Arabian
Melissa Donovan d'Arabian is an American cookbook author and television show host. She won the fifth season of Food Network Star in 2009. Following her victory, she went on to host Ten Dollar Dinners on Food Network.

Guy's Grocery Games
Guy's Grocery Games (often nicknamed Triple G) is an American reality competition television series hosted by Guy Fieri and his son Hunter on Food Network. Each episode features four chefs competing in a three-round elimination contest, cooking food with ingredients found in a supermarket grocery store ("Flavortown Market") as Guy Fieri poses unusual challenges to them. The winning chef of the episode can collect up to $20,000 in a shopping spree bonus round. The show often features chefs from Diners, Drive-Ins, and Dives, another show hosted by Fieri. The show Dessert Games was a short-lived spin-off.
Waki, Tokushima
Wakimachi (脇町, Waki-machi) was a town located in Mima District, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 18,160 and a density of 163.47 persons per km2. The total area was 111.09 km2.

On March 1, 2005, Wakimachi, along with the towns of Mima (former), Anabuki, and the village of Koyadaira (all from Mima District), were merged to create the city of Mima.

Tokushima Prefecture
Tokushima Prefecture (徳島県, Tokushima-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [to.kɯ̥ꜜ.ɕi.ma, tokɯ̥.ɕiꜜ.ma, to.kɯ̥.ɕi.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Shikoku. Tokushima Prefecture has a population of 682,439 (1 February 2025) and has a geographic area of 4,146 km2 (1,601 sq mi). Tokushima Prefecture borders Kagawa Prefecture to the north, Ehime Prefecture to the west, and Kōchi Prefecture to the southwest.

Tokushima is the capital and largest city of Tokushima Prefecture, with other major cities including Anan, Naruto, and Yoshinogawa. Tokushima Prefecture is located on the Kii Channel, connecting the Pacific Ocean and Seto Inland Sea, across from Wakayama Prefecture on the Kii Peninsula of the island of Honshu. Tokushima Prefecture is connected to Awaji Island across the Naruto Strait by the Ōnaruto Bridge as part of the Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway, connecting the prefecture to the city of Kobe and the San'yō Expressway on Honshu.
Pernice (surname)
Pernice (Italian pronunciation: [perˈniːtʃe]) is an Italian surname meaning "partridge".

Notable people with this surname include:

Erich Pernice (1864–1945), German classical archaeologist

Gino Pernice (1927–1997), Italian stage, television and film actor

Giovanni Pernice (born 1990), Italian dancer and choreographer

Hugo Karl Anton Pernice (1829–1901), German gynecologist

Joe Pernice (born 1967), American musician

Tom Pernice Jr. (born 1959), American golfer

Joe Pernice
Joseph T. Pernice (born July 17, 1967) is an American indie rock musician and writer, who has fronted several bands, including the Scud Mountain Boys, Chappaquiddick Skyline, The New Mendicants and the Pernice Brothers.
William Henry Clapperton
William Henry Clapperton (January 27, 1839 – May 31, 1922) was a Canadian politician in the province of Quebec.

Born in Carleton, Lower Canada, the son of John Clapperton and Félicité Dugas, Clapperton went to live in Scotland after the death of his father when he was nine months. Returning to Canada after his studies he became a fish merchant and later was an Agent of Crown land in the county of Bonaventure from 1891 to 1921.

He ran as a candidate in the 1878 federal election in the riding of Bonaventure but was defeated by Théodore Robitaille. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec for Bonaventure in an 1897 by-election. A Liberal, he was re-elected in 1900 but was defeated in 1904.

He died in Maria, Quebec in 1922.

Quebec Liberal Party
The Quebec Liberal Party (QLP; French: Parti libéral du Québec [paʁti libeʁal dy kebɛk], PLQ) is a provincial political party in Quebec. It has been independent of the federal Liberal Party of Canada since 1955.

The QLP has traditionally supported a form of Quebec federalist ideology with nuanced Canadian nationalist tones that supports Quebec remaining within the Canadian federation, while also supporting reforms that would allow substantial autonomism in Quebec. In the context of federal Canadian politics, it is a more centrist party when compared to Conservative and Liberal parties in other provinces, such as the former British Columbia Liberal Party.
Cape Point
Cape Point (Afrikaans: Kaappunt) is a promontory at the southeast corner of the Cape Peninsula, a mountainous and scenic landform that runs north–south for about thirty kilometres (19 mi) at the extreme southwestern tip of the African continent in South Africa. Table Mountain and the city of Cape Town are close to the northern extremity of the same peninsula. The cape is located at, about 2.3 kilometres (1.4 mi) east and a little north of the Cape of Good Hope on the southwest corner.  Although these two rocky capes are very well known, neither cape is actually the southernmost point of the mainland of Africa; that is Cape Agulhas, approximately 150 kilometres (93 mi) to the east-southeast.

Promontory
A promontory is a raised mass of land that projects into a lowland or a body of water (in which case it is a peninsula). Most promontories either are formed from a hard ridge of rock that has resisted the erosive forces that have removed the softer rock to the sides of it, or are the high ground that remains between two river valleys where they form a confluence. One type of promontory is a headland, or head.
Boxing at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's lightweight
The women's lightweight boxing event at the 2020 Summer Olympics took place between 27 July and 8 August 2021 at the Ryōgoku Kokugikan. 20 boxers from 20 nations competed.

Kellie Harrington from Ireland won the gold medal, after defeating Brazil's Beatriz Ferreira in the final.

Bronze medals were awarded to both semi-final losers: Sudaporn Seesondee from Thailand and Mira Potkonen from Finland.

The medals for the competition were presented by Sari Essayah, Finland; IOC Member, and the medalists' bouquets were presented by Willi Kaltschmitt Luján, Guatemala; BTF Member.

Thailand at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Thailand competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. Originally scheduled to take place from 24 July to 9 August 2020, the Games were postponed to 23 July to 8 August 2021, because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the nation's official debut in 1952, Thai athletes have appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games, with the exception of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, because of its support of the US-led boycott.
2023 MAAC men's soccer tournament
The 2023 MAAC men's soccer tournament was the postseason men's soccer tournament for the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference held from November 5 through November 12, 2023. The five-match tournament took place at campus sites, with the higher seed hosting matches.  The host for the matches was determined by seeding from regular season play.  The six-team single-elimination tournament consisted of three rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. The Quinnipiac Bobcats were the defending champions. They were unable defend their title as a ninth place regular season finish did not qualify them for the tournament. The Rider Broncs would go on to win the tournament, defeating top seed Iona 2–1 in the final.  This was Rider's sixth overall tournament win.  Head coach Chad Duernberger won his first tournament title in his first year at the helm of Rider.  As tournament champions, Rider earned the MAAC's automatic berth into the 2023 NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament.

Quinnipiac Bobcats men's soccer
The Quinnipiac Bobcats men's soccer program represents the Quinnipiac University in all NCAA Division I men's college soccer competitions. Founded in 1962, the Bobcats compete in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference. The Bobcats are coached by Eric Da Costa, who has coached the program since 2005. The Bobcats plays their home matches at Quinnipiac Soccer Stadium, on the QU campus.
Market Place (Garstang)
Market Place is a public square in the English market town of Garstang, Lancashire. Dating to the Middle Ages, it has historically been a site of weekly markets. It is bounded by High Street to the west and a thoroughfare named Market Place to the east. The two roads split at the town's market cross, located at the northern end of Market Place. It was erected in 1887 to mark Queen Victoria's diamond jubilee.

The Royal Oak Hotel, built in the early 19th century, occupies the southwestern side of Market Place. It is a Grade II listed building.

Diamond jubilee
A diamond jubilee celebrates the 60th anniversary of a significant event related to a person (e.g. accession to the throne or wedding, among others) or the 60th anniversary of an institution's founding. The term is also used for 75th anniversaries, although the human lifespan makes this usage more common for institutions.
Mazi Nwonwu
Chiagozie Fred Nwonwu who writes under the pen name Mazi Nwonwu is a Nigerian writer, curator and editor. He is the co-founder and managing editor of Omenana Magazine. In 2017, he was listed as one of the most powerful persons in the media space alongside Stephanie Busari and Fisayo Soyombo by YNaija.

Fisayo Soyombo
Fisayo Soyombo (born October 27), is a Nigerian investigative journalist and founder of the Foundation for Investigative Journalism (FIJ). He was a former editor at The Cable. He is best known, among other things, for being the Nigerian undercover journalist who spent five days in a police cell as a suspect and eight as an inmate in Ikoyi Prison — to track corruption in Nigeria's criminal justice system, after which the authorities contemplated arresting him. He was also the journalist who drove the equivalent of a stolen vehicle from Abuja to Lagos, passing through a whopping 86 checkpoints in a journey of over 1,600 km that lasted a cumulative 28hours 17minutes.
Swaraj (book)
Swaraj is a 2012 book by the Indian social activist-turned-politician Arvind Kejriwal, who credits several people with writing it. Published in several languages, including English, Hindi, Bengali, Oriya, Marathi and Malayalam, the book questions the existing democratic framework in India and proposes a way how the people of India can achieve true Swaraj (self-rule).

Direct democracy
Direct democracy or pure democracy is a form of democracy in which the electorate directly decides on policy initiatives, without elected representatives as proxies, as opposed to the representative democracy model which occurs in the majority of established democracies. The theory and practice of direct democracy and participation as its common characteristic constituted the core of the work of many theorists, philosophers, politicians, and social critics, such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, John Stuart Mill, and G.D.H. Cole.
Susanna Mkrtchyan
Susanna Mkrtchyan (Armenian: Սուսաննա Մկրտչյան, pronounced [susɑnˈnɑ məkəɾtˈtʃʰjɑn]; born 26 August 1949) is an Armenian professor of database and system research, PhD of technical sciences, Wikimedian. She founded and leads the Wikimedia Armenia chapter (2013–2020), which organizes outreach and workshops to improve the Armenian Wikipedia, including an annual conference.
She conceived and turned into reality the vision of wikicamp and wikiclub projects, which were recognized as the coolest projects accordingly, in 2014 and 2016.
During Wikimania 2015, she received an honourable mention in the context of the annual award Wikimedian of the Year attributed by Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales.
In 2018, Susanna Mkrtchyan was elected Vice President of the World Wikipedia and User Education Group and served until 2024.

Armenian Wikipedia
The Armenian Wikipedia (Armenian: Վիքիպեդիա or Վիքիպեդիա Ազատ Հանրագիտարան, romanized: Vikipedia or Vikipedia Azat Hanragitaran; Western Armenian: Ուիքիփետիա) is the Armenian language version of Wikipedia.

It was created in February 2003 as Հայերեն Վիքիփեդիա, but started developing in 2005. The name was changed to Հայերեն Վիքիպեդիա on 5 April 2012. With all of its current content, it is listed in List of Wikipedias in the 100,000+ category.

Armenian Wikipedia launched later the option of reading all contents, if preferred, in traditional (Mesrobian) orthography, rather than the Reformed (Abeghian) orthography. Armenian Wikipedia also carried at times parallel articles in Western Armenian language spoken widely in the Armenian diaspora.

On 1 April 2019 however, a separate site was launched in Western Armenian under the name Հայերէն Ուիքիփետիա with a project of moving Western Armenian materials there and expanding content in the new Western Armenian Wikipedia space.
Fokker M.7
The Fokker M.7 was an unarmed German biplane observation aircraft developed during the First World War by the Fokker-Flugzeugwerke (Fokker Aircraft Company) for the Imperial German Navy's (Kaiserliche Marine) Naval Air Service (Marine-Fliegerabteilung) during the First World War. First flown in 1915, it was used by the armed forces of Germany and Austro-Hungary. As the M.7 became obsolete, it was relegated to training duties.

Gnome Lambda
The Gnome 7 Lambda was a French designed, seven-cylinder, air-cooled rotary aero engine that was produced under license in Britain and Germany. Powering several World War I-era aircraft types it was claimed to produce 80 horsepower (60 kW) from its capacity of 12 litres (730 cubic inches) although recorded figures are lower.

Just under 1,000 units were produced in Britain, the majority (967) by the Daimler Company of Coventry. A 14-cylinder variant was known as the Gnome 14 Lambda-Lambda.

In Germany Motorenfabrik Oberursel license-built the seven-cylinder engine as the Oberursel U.0 and later copied the 14-cylinder design and designated it as the Oberursel U.III.
Top (clothing)
A top, or topwear, is an item of clothing that covers at least the chest, but which usually covers most of the upper human body between the neck and the waistline. The bottom of tops can be as short as mid-torso, or as long as mid-thigh. Men's tops are generally paired with pants, and women's with pants or skirts. Common types of tops are t-shirts, blouses and shirts.

Waistline (clothing)
The waistline is the line of demarcation between the upper and lower portions of a garment, which notionally corresponds to the natural waist but may vary with fashion from just below the bust to below the hips.  The waistline of a garment is often used to accentuate different features.  The waistline is also important as a boundary at which shaping darts (such as those over the bust and in the back) can be ended.
Eric Richter
Eric Richter (born February 5, 1974) is an American musician and singer-songwriter from Denver, Colorado. He's best known for fronting the influential '90s emo band Christie Front Drive. He moved to New York City in 1996 and helped create the post-rock/electronica quintet Antarctica.

After Antarctica's demise in 1999, he started the power trio The 101. After releasing two LPs and one EP, they disbanded in 2006. His next project, Golden City released a 7" single on Sound Fiction (Norway) on March 9, 2009 and a 10"/CD EP on Magic Bullet Records on April 7, 2009. His current band, Highness released their debut LP Hold on May 14, 2013.

He also provided backing vocals on Jimmy Eat World's second full length, Static Prevails.

Quintet
A quintet is a group containing five members. It is commonly associated with musical groups, such as a string quintet, or a group of five singers, but can be applied to any situation where five similar or related objects are considered a single unit.