hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ten-string classical guitar of Yepes
The ten string extended-range classical guitar, with fully chromatic, sympathetic string resonance was conceived in 1963 by Narciso Yepes, and constructed by José Ramírez [III]. This instrument is sometimes referred to as the "modern" 10-string guitar (or the "Yepes guitar") to differentiate it from ten-stringed harp guitars of the 19th century.

Today, ten-string instruments to Ramírez' original design remain available from the Ramírez Company, and similar instruments in a variety of designs are available both from the Ramírez Company and other luthiers, notably from Paulino Bernabe Senior.

Chromatic scale
In Western music, a chromatic scale (or twelve-tone scale) is a set of twelve pitches (more completely, pitch classes) divided equally or approximately equally within an octave. An interval between adjacent notes in a chromatic scale is called a semitone. Chromatic instruments, such as the piano, are made to produce the chromatic scale, while other instruments capable of continuously variable pitch, such as the trombone and violin, can also produce microtones, or notes between those available on a piano.

Most tonal Western music is structured around scales with fewer than 12 pitches per octave, such as diatonic scales. This music primarily uses an appropriate subset of the chromatic scale.
Mickey McDonagh
Michael "Mickey" McDonagh (born 18 August 1998) is a British amateur boxer who is affiliated with Merlin's Bridge ABC. He won lightweight bronze in the 2018 Commonwealth Games.

McDonagh was selected to compete at the 2019 World Championships in Yekaterinburg, Russia, where he lost by split decision (4:0) to Thomas Blumenfeld in the first round.

2019 AIBA World Boxing Championships
The 2019 AIBA World Boxing Championships were held in Yekaterinburg, Russia from 9 to 21 September 2019.

Weight classes have been adjusted to match those confirmed for the 2020 Olympic boxing tournament.
The Tyrant's Heart
The Tyrant's Heart (Hungarian: A zsarnok szíve, avagy Boccaccio Magyarországon) is a 1981 Hungarian drama film  written by Gyula Hernádi and directed by Miklós Jancsó.

The film was entered into the main competition at the 38th edition of the Venice Film Festival.

38th Venice International Film Festival
The 38th annual Venice International Film Festival was held on 2 to 12 September, 1981.

Italian writer and journalist Italo Calvino was the Jury President of the main competition. The Golden Lion winner was Marianne and Juliane directed by Margarethe von Trotta.
Fényi (crater)
Fényi is a small lunar crater on the far side of the Moon. It lies near the southern edge of the huge, braided skirt of ejecta that surrounds the Orientale impact Basin to the north. Less than two crater diameters to the southwest is the much larger crater Mendel.

Much of the rim and nearly all of this crater have been buried under material from the Orientale Basin impact. The surrounding terrain shows a radial pattern of grooves and braids running from north to south. Only a ring of material protrudes upward from this bed of ejecta, displaying the location of the original rim. There is a small craterlet along the northeast inner wall.

This crater lies within the Mendel-Rydberg Basin, a 630 km wide impact basin of Nectarian age.

Terrain
Terrain (from Latin  terra 'earth'), alternatively relief or topographical relief, is the dimension and shape of a given surface of a land. In physical geography, terrain is the lay of the land. This is usually expressed in terms of the elevation, slope, and orientation of terrain features. Terrain affects surface water flow and distribution. Over a large area, it can affect weather and climate patterns. Bathymetry is the study of underwater relief, while hypsometry studies terrain relative to sea level.
Masato Sugi
Masato Sugi (Japanese: 杉 政人, Sugi Masato, August 13, 1880 (Meiji 13) – November 19, 1951 (Shōwa 26) ) was an Imperial Japanese Navy officer who held the final rank of Vice Admiral. He was born in Takahashi City, Okayama Prefecture. As a graduate of the Imperial Japanese Naval Engineering Academy, he was the first candidate for the rank of Admiral from that institution.

Okayama Prefecture
Okayama Prefecture (岡山県, Okayama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [o.kaꜜ.ja.ma, o.ka.ja.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu. Okayama Prefecture has a population of 1,815,165 (1 October 2025) and has a geographic area of 7,114 km2 (2,746 sq mi). Okayama Prefecture borders Tottori Prefecture to the north, Hyōgo Prefecture to the east, and Hiroshima Prefecture to the west.

Okayama is the capital and largest city of Okayama Prefecture, with other major cities including Kurashiki, Tsuyama, and Sōja. Okayama Prefecture's south is located on the Seto Inland Sea coast across from Kagawa Prefecture on the island of Shikoku, which are connected by the Great Seto Bridge, while the north is characterized by the Chūgoku Mountains.
New York Canal
The New York Canal is an irrigation canal in the western United States, located in southwestern Idaho. Sourced from the Boise River, it originates at the Diversion Dam in Ada County and ends after 41 miles (66 km) at Lake Lowell in Canyon County.

The canal system includes multiple lateral canals that distribute water to approximately 165,000 acres (260 sq mi; 670 km2) of Treasure Valley farmland. The canal's concrete channel has a capacity of 2,400 cubic feet (68 m3) per second.

Canyon County, Idaho
Canyon County is located in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 231,105, which by 2022 was estimated to have risen to 251,065. making it the second-most populous county in Idaho. The county seat is Caldwell, and its largest city is Nampa. Canyon County is part of the Boise metropolitan area.
Nothing Real
Nothing Real L.L.C was a company founded in October 1996 by Allen Edwards and Arnaud Hervas which developed high-end digital effects software for the feature film, broadcast and interactive gaming industries. It was purchased in February 2002 by Apple for its flagship digital effects software, Shake.

IRIX
IRIX (/ˈaɪrɪks/, EYE-ricks, a portmanteau of IRIS and UNIX) is a discontinued operating system developed by Silicon Graphics (SGI) to run on the company's proprietary MIPS workstations and servers. It is based on UNIX System V with BSD extensions. In IRIX, SGI originated the XFS file system and the now industry-standard OpenGL graphics API.
Evolve (TV series)
Evolve is a 2008 documentary television series on the History Channel.

Each episode attempts to explain the evolutionary origins of a particular trait of living creatures: for example, Tyrannosaurus rex's 13-inch teeth, the gecko's "Velcro-like" toe pads, and the bald eagle's "telescopic" vision capable of spotting a hare a mile away.

Velcro
Hook-and-loop fasteners, commonly known as Velcro (a trademarked term that the manufacturer renders in all-capital letters as VELCRO), hook-and-pile fasteners or touch fasteners are versatile fastening devices that allow two surfaces to be repeatedly attached and detached with ease. Invented in the mid-20th century, they are widely used in clothing, accessories, and various industrial and consumer applications. The fastener consists of two complementary components: one with tiny hooks and the other with soft loops. When pressed together, the hooks catch the loops, creating a secure but temporary bond. The fasteners can be separated by peeling or pulling the surfaces apart, often producing a distinctive ripping sound.
Strathaven Public Hall
Strathaven Public Hall, also referred to as the Old Town Hall, Strathaven, is a municipal building in Kirk Street, Strathaven, South Lanarkshire, Scotland. The structure, which serves as a scout and guide centre, is a Category C listed building.

South Lanarkshire
South Lanarkshire (Scots: Sooth Lanrikshire; Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Lannraig a Deas) is one of 32 unitary authorities of Scotland. It borders the south-east of the Glasgow City council area and contains some of Greater Glasgow's suburban towns, as well as many rural towns and villages. It also shares borders with Dumfries and Galloway, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, North Lanarkshire, the Scottish Borders and West Lothian. It includes most of the historic county of Lanarkshire.

The administrative centre of South Lanarkshire is Hamilton, with the seat of the local authority, South Lanarkshire Council, located at Lanark County Buildings.
Felid hybrids
A felid hybrid is any of a number of hybrids between various species of the cat family, Felidae.  This article deals with hybrids between the species of the subfamily Felinae (feline hybrids).

Hybrids between two species of the genus Panthera (lions, tigers, jaguars, and leopards) are Panthera hybrids.  There are no known hybrids between Neofelis (the clouded leopard) and other genera.  By contrast, many genera of Felinae are interfertile with each other, though few hybridize under natural conditions, and not all combinations are likely to be viable (e.g. between the tiny rusty-spotted cat and the leopard-sized cougar).

Neofelis
Neofelis is a genus comprising two extant species of cat in Southeast Asia: the clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) of mainland Asia, and the Sunda clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi) of Sumatra and Borneo.

The scientific name Neofelis is a composite of the Greek word neo- (νέος) meaning 'young' and 'new', and the Latin word felis meaning 'cat'. It is placed as part of the subfamily Pantherinae, making it more closely related to the genus Panthera (which contains iconic big cats like the lion, tiger, leopard and jaguar) than other living felid species.
Osadnik
Osadniks (Polish: osadnik/osadnicy, "settler/settlers, colonist/colonists") were veterans of the Polish Army and civilians who were given or sold state land in the Kresy (current Western Belarus and Western Ukraine) territory ceded to Poland by Polish-Soviet Riga Peace Treaty of 1921 (and occupied by the Soviet Union in 1939 and ceded to it after World War II). The Polish word was also a loanword that was used in the Soviet Union.

Polish Land Forces
The Land Forces (Polish: Wojska Lądowe) are the ground forces of the Polish Armed Forces. They currently contain some 110,000 active personnel and form many components of the European Union and NATO deployments around the world. Poland's recorded military history stretches back a millennium – since the 10th century (see List of Polish wars and History of the Polish Army). Poland's modern army was formed after Poland regained independence following World War I in 1918.
Dione Nunataks
The Dione Nunataks (71°56′S 69°6′W﻿ / ﻿71.933°S 69.100°W﻿ / -71.933; -69.100) are rock exposures at the head of Saturn Glacier, 9 nautical miles (17 km) west of Deimos Ridge in the southeastern part of Alexander Island, Antarctica. The nunataks appear to have been first seen from the air by Lincoln Ellsworth on November 23, 1935, and roughly mapped from photos obtained on that flight by W.L.G. Joerg. They were remapped from air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition, 1947–48, by D. Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1960, and were named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee from association with Saturn Glacier, Dione being one of the satellites of the planet Saturn.

Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition
The Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE) was an aerial survey of the Falkland Islands Dependencies and the Antarctic Peninsula which took place in the 1955–56 and 1956–57 southern summers.

Funded by the Colonial Office and organized by Peter Mott, the survey was carried out by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd.  The expedition was based at Deception Island and utilized the Oluf Sven, two Canso flying-boats, and several helicopters.

The photographic collection, held by the British Antarctic Survey as the United Kingdom Antarctic Mapping Centre, comprises about 12,800 frames taken on 26,700 kilometers of ground track.
Chaamba
The Chaamba (Arabic: الشعانبة, romanized: Sha‘āniba) are an Arab tribe in the northern Sahara of central Algeria. They are a large tribe of Bedouins and live in a large desert territory to the south of the Atlas Mountains, around Metlili, El Golea, Ouargla, El Oued, and the Great Western Erg, including Timimoun and Béni Abbès While traditionally they were nomads specialised in raising camels and caravan trade, most have settled in the oases over the past century. The date palm is the most important agricultural product for the Chaamba.

El Oued
El Oued (Arabic: اﻟﻮادي, romanized: al-Wādī), Souf or Oued Souf is a city, and the capital of El Oued Province, in Algeria. The oasis town is watered by an underground river, hence its name is El Oued which enables date palm cultivation and the rare use (for the desert) of brick construction for housing. As most roofs are domed, it is known as the "City of a Thousand Domes".

El Oued is located 400 miles (640 km) south east of Algiers (the capital city of Algeria), near the Tunisian border. The population of El Oued was 134,699 as of the 2008 census, up from 105,256 in 1998, with a population growth rate of 2.5%.
Madonna and Child with Saints John the Baptist and Catherine of Alexandria (Perugino)
Madonna and Child with St John the Baptist and St Catherine of Alexandria is a c. 1495 oil on panel painting by Perugino of the Madonna and Child with John the Baptist and Catherine of Alexandria. It is now in the Louvre in Paris.

It was produced using the same cartoon as Madonna and Child with Two Saints (Kunsthistorisches Museum) and Madonna and Child with the Infant John the Baptist (Städel Museum), with very little variation between the three works. The face of the Madonna is based on Perugino's wife Chiara Fancelli

Städel
The Städel, officially the Städelsches Kunstinstitut und Städtische Galerie, is an art museum in Frankfurt, with one of the most important collections in Germany. The museum is located at the Museumsufer on the Sachsenhausen bank of the River Main. The Städel Museum owns 3,100 paintings, 660 sculptures, more than 4,600 photographs and more than 100,000 drawings and prints. It has around 7,000 m2 (75,000 ft2) of display and a library of 115,000 books.

In 2012, the Städel was honoured as Museum of the Year by the German art critics association AICA. In the same year the museum recorded the highest attendance figures in its history, of 447,395 visitors. In 2020 the museum had 318,732 visitors, down 45 percent from 2019, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It ranked 71st on the list of most-visited art museums in 2020.
Hutlinana Hot Springs
Hutlinana is a geothermal spring located on right bank of Hutlinana Creek, 21 miles southeast of Rampart, Yukon-Tanana Highway, east of the Elliott Highway in interior Alaska, approximately 150 miles northwest of Fairbanks. There is no direct road access. The trail is used primarily in winter after freeze-up.

Elliott Highway
The Elliott Highway is a highway in the U.S. state of Alaska that extends 152 miles (245 km) from Fox, about 10 miles (16 km) north of Fairbanks, to Manley Hot Springs. It was completed in 1959 and is part of Alaska Route 2.
A Virus Knows No Morals
A Virus Knows No Morals (German: Ein Virus kennt keine Moral)  is a 1986 German film directed, written and produced by Rosa von Praunheim. It was one of the first feature films about AIDS worldwide.

The film also received much attention abroad and is still screened today. A Virus Knows No Morals premiered at the 1986 Berlin International Film Festival and was also shown, for example, at the International Film Festival Rotterdam in the same year.

International Film Festival Rotterdam
International Film Festival Rotterdam (IFFR) is an annual film festival held at the end of January in various locations in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, focused on independent and experimental films. The inaugural festival took place in June 1972, led by founder Huub Bals. IFFR also hosts CineMart and BoostNL for film producers to seek funding.
Suzy Q (snack cake)
Suzy Q's are an American brand of snack cake produced and distributed by Hostess Brands similar to the Drake's Devil Dog. The oblong sandwich, of either devil's food cake or banana-flavored cake with white crème filling, was invented in 1961 and named after the daughter of Continental Baking Company President William J Sellhorn.  The cake was initially discontinued in 2012, but was reintroduced in 2015, although with a different look. However, after backlash from fans, the original cake was reintroduced in 2018. The return was short-lived, however, as Hostess Brands discontinued Suzy Q in late 2020. It later came back in September 2025.

Continental Baking Company
The Continental Baking Company was one of the first bakeries to introduce fortified bread. It was the maker of the Twinkie and Wonder Bread.  Through a series of acquisitions and mergers it became part of the former Hostess Brands company.
The Gangs of New York
The Gangs of New York: An Informal History of the Underworld is an American non-fiction book by Herbert Asbury, first published in 1928 by Alfred A. Knopf.

In 1927, Asbury published an article in The American Mercury, titled "The Old-Time Gangs of New York", which was ultimately incorporated into the book published the following year. Drawing on the muckraking style of the era, the author wrote based on "legend, memory, police records, the self-aggrandizements of aging crooks, popular journalism, and solid historical research", to present an illuminating account of the gangs of old New York that ultimately gave rise to the Mafia as we know it today, from films like The Godfather.

The book formed the basis for a number of films, including Gangs of New York (1938) and Martin Scorsese's 2002 Academy Award nominated film Gangs of New York, starring Leonardo DiCaprio, Daniel Day-Lewis, and Cameron Diaz.

The American Mercury
The American Mercury was an American magazine published from 1924 to 1981. It was founded as the brainchild of H. L. Mencken and drama critic George Jean Nathan. The magazine featured writing by some of the most important writers in the United States through the 1920s and 1930s.

After a change in ownership in the 1940s, the magazine attracted conservative writers, including William F. Buckley. A second change in ownership in the 1950s turned the magazine into a far-right and  antisemitic publication.

It was published monthly in New York City. The magazine went out of business in 1981, having spent the last 25 years of its existence in decline and controversy.
Eupithecia nevadata
Eupithecia nevadata is a moth in the family Geometridae first described by Alpheus Spring Packard in 1871. It is found in western North America.

The wingspan is about 20 mm. The forewings are pale grey with various reddish brown patches along the costa.

The larvae feed on Purshia and Ceanothus species.

Alpheus Spring Packard
Alpheus Spring Packard Jr. LL.D. (February 19, 1839 – February 14, 1905) was an American entomologist and palaeontologist. He described over 500 new animal species – especially butterflies and moths – and was one of the founders of The American Naturalist. He served as a professor at Brown University.
Bettina
Bettina, also spelt Betina, is a female name used mainly in the German, Danish, Italian, and Hungarian languages. In German and Danish, it is a diminutive of Elisabeth; in Italian, of Elisabetta and Benedetta; and in Hungarian, of Erzsébet.

Benedetta is the Italian feminine form of Benedict, meaning "Blessed," while Elisabetta is the Italian form of Elizabeth, which itself comes from the Hebrew name Elisheva or Elisheba, meaning "my God is an oath".

Benedetta
Benedetta is a feminine given name of Italian origin, the feminine equivalent of the masculine name Benedetto, a cognate of Benedict. Notable people with the given name include:

Benedetta Barzini (born 1943), Italian actress and model

Benedetta Bianchi Porro (1936–1964), Italian Roman Catholic

Benedetta of Cagliari (1194–1233), medieval ruler of Caligiari, Sardinia

Benedetta Cambiagio Frassinello (1791–1858), Italian missionary, founder of the Benedictine Sisters of Providence, saint in the Roman Catholic Church

Benedetta Cappa (1897–1977), Italian Futurist artist and wife of Filippo Tommaso Marinetti

Benedetta Carlini (1591–1661), Catholic mystic and lesbian nun in Counter-Reformation Italy

Benedetta Ceccarelli (born 1980), Italian hurdler

Benedetta Gargari (born 1995), Italian actress

Benedetta Rosmunda Pisaroni (1793–1872), Italian opera diva

Benedetta Tagliabue (born 1963), Italian architect

Benedetta Valanzano (born 1985), Italian film and television actress
Distracted driving
Distracted driving is the act of driving while engaging in other activities which distract the driver's attention away from the road. Distractions are shown to compromise the safety of the driver, passengers, pedestrians, and people in other vehicles.

Cellular device use while behind the wheel is one of the most common forms of distracted driving. According to the United States Department of Transportation, "texting while driving creates a crash risk 23 times higher than driving while not distracted." Studies and polls regularly find that over 30% of United States drivers had recently texted and driven. Distracted driving is particularly common among, but not exclusive to, younger drivers.

United States Department of Transportation
The United States Department of Transportation (USDOT or DOT) is one of the executive departments of the U.S. federal government. It is headed by the secretary of transportation, who reports directly to the president of the United States and is a member of the president's Cabinet.

The department's fiscal year 2022–2026 strategic plan states that its mission is "to deliver the world's leading transportation system, serving the American people and economy through the safe, efficient, sustainable, and equitable movement of people and goods."
George H. Mealy
George H. Mealy (December 31, 1927 – June 21, 2010, in Scituate, Massachusetts) was an American mathematician and computer scientist who invented the namesake Mealy machine, a type of finite state transducer. He was also a pioneer of modular programming, one of the lead designers of the IPL-V programming language, and an early advocate of macro processors in assembly language programming.

Mealy went to Harvard University, where he was active in radio as business manager for WHRB. He graduated in 1951 with an A.B., and at that time began working for Bell Laboratories. He later worked at the RAND Corporation then IBM and taught at Harvard.

Finite-state transducer
A finite-state transducer (FST) is a finite-state machine with two memory tapes, following the terminology for Turing machines: an input tape and an output tape. This contrasts with an ordinary finite-state automaton, which has a single tape.  An FST is a type of finite-state automaton (FSA) that maps between two sets of symbols.  An FST is more general than an FSA.  An FSA defines a formal language by defining a set of accepted strings, while an FST defines a relation between sets of strings.

An FST will read a set of strings on the input tape and generate a set of relations on the output tape.  An FST can be thought of as a translator or relater between strings in a set.

In morphological parsing, an example would be inputting a string of letters into the FST, the FST would then output a string of morphemes.
Arpa Ke'un
Arpa Ke'un, also known as Arpa Khan or Gavon or Gawon (Persian: ارپا كاون; died 1336), was Ilkhan from 1335 to 1336, during the disintegration of the Ilkhanate, the Mongol state in Southwest Asia based in Persia.

Chupan
Amir Chūpān (Persian: امیر چوپان; died October/November 1327), also spelt Choban or Coban, was a Chupanid noble of the Ilkhanate, and nominal general of the Mongol Empire. He was ennobled by Emperor Taiding of Yuan as Duke of Yi (翊國公).