hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tugela River
The Tugela River (Zulu: Thukela; Afrikaans: Tugelarivier) is the largest river in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. With a total length of 560 km (350 mi), and a drop of 1 370 metres in the lower 480 km, it is one of the most important rivers of the country.

The river originates in Mont-aux-Sources of the Drakensberg Mountains at an elevation of 3 282 metres and plunges in five distinct free-leaping falls 947 metres down the Tugela Falls. The Mont-aux-Sources is also the origin of tributaries of two other major South African rivers, the Orange and the Caledon River. From the Drakensberg range, the Tugela follows a 560 km (350 mi) route through the KwaZulu-Natal midlands before flowing into the Indian Ocean. The total catchment area is approximately 29,100 km2 (11,200 sq mi). Land uses in the catchment are mainly rural subsistence farming and commercial forestry.

Caledon River
The Caledon River (Sotho: Mohokare) is a major river located in central South Africa. Its total length is 642 km (399 mi), rising in the Drakensberg Mountains on the Lesotho border, flowing southwestward and then westward before joining the Orange River near Bethulie in the southern Free State. The river was originally named Prinses Wilhelminas Rivier in 1777, by Colonel R J Gordon.
Krishna (Malayalam actor)
Krishna is an Indian actor who works predominantly in Malayalam films. He made his acting debut at the age of 14 as a child artist in the Malayalam film Napoleon. His debuted as a lead actor with the 1997 film Rishyasringan alongside Bhanupriya.

Bhanupriya
Bhanupriya (born Manga Anandha Bhanu; 15 January 1964) is an Indian actress and dancer. In a four decade old career, she has appeared in 165 feature films, predominantly in Telugu and Tamil, and a few in Malayalam, Kannada and Hindi films. She has starred in a variety of roles, which garnered her three state Nandi Awards, two Tamil Nadu State Film Awards, two Filmfare Awards South and two Cinema Express Awards.
Northern Virginia FC
Template:Northern Virginia FC sections

Northern Virginia FC (formerly Northern Virginia Royals and Evergreen FC, and commonly known as NoVa FC) is an American soccer club from Leesburg, Virginia competing in USL League Two, USL W League, Eastern Premier Soccer League and Major Arena Soccer League 3.

The club's women's team was known as the Northern Virginia Majestics, who played in the women's USL W-League, and fielded a team in the USL's Super-20 League, a league for players 17 to 20 years of age run under the United Soccer Leagues umbrella. Throughout their recent history, NVFC previously enjoyed minor league affiliation with D.C. United, the nearby Major League Soccer franchise.

USL W-League (1995–2015)
The USL W-League was a North American  amateur women's soccer developmental organization. The league was a semi-professional, open league, giving college players the opportunity to play alongside established international players while maintaining their collegiate eligibility. The league was administered by the United Soccer Leagues system (the USL), which also oversees the men's United Soccer League and Premier Development League. The W-League announced on November 6, 2015, that it would cease operation ahead of 2016 season.

After the popularity of the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup, though, USL began considerations for a new professional women's league; this effort eventually returned to the re-establishing of the league as the USL W League.
Guam national baseball team
The Guam national baseball team is the national baseball team of Guam. The team represents Guam in international competitions. Guam has competed in the Asian Baseball Championship and Oceania Baseball Championship.

Asian Baseball Championship
The Asian Baseball Championship is the main championship tournament between national baseball teams in Asia, governed by the Baseball Federation of Asia (BFA). It is held every other year in odd-numbered years and since 1983 it also functions as the qualification games for the Baseball at the Summer Olympics if the event year is exactly one year before the Olympics. In even-numbered years, the Asian Baseball Cup is held, to determine two qualifiers — one from the Eastern Division and one from the Western Division — to join teams from China, Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea. The competition has been dominated by teams from Japan, South Korea and Taiwan.
Ben Cardin
Benjamin Louis Cardin (born October 5, 1943) is an American lawyer and former politician who served as a United States senator from Maryland from 2007 to 2025. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the U.S. representative for Maryland's 3rd congressional district from 1987 to 2007. Cardin served in the Maryland House of Delegates from 1967 to 1987 and as its speaker from 1979 to 1987. In 58 years as an elected official, Cardin never lost an election.

Cardin was elected as U.S. senator to succeed Paul Sarbanes in 2006, defeating Republican Michael Steele, the lieutenant governor of Maryland. He became Maryland's senior U.S. senator on January 3, 2017, upon Barbara Mikulski's retirement. Cardin won reelection in 2012 and 2018, and retired from politics on January 3, 2025.

Lieutenant Governor of Maryland
The lieutenant governor of Maryland is the second highest-ranking official in the executive branch of the state government of Maryland in the United States. The officeholder is elected on the same ticket as the governor of Maryland and must meet the same qualifications.

The current lieutenant governor is Aruna Miller, who took office on January 18, 2023.
Ram Balkrushna Shewalkar
Ram Balkrushna Shewalkar (2 March 1931 – 3 May 2009) was a Marathi orator, writer, and literary critic from Maharashtra, India.

He was born on 2 March 1931 in Achalpur in Amravati district of Maharashtra.

Dnyaneshwar
Sant Dnyaneshwar (Marathi pronunciation: [d̪ɲaːn̪eʃʋəɾ]), (Devanagari : सन्त ज्ञानेश्वर), pronunciationⓘalso referred to as Jñāneśvara, Jñānadeva, Dnyandev or Mauli or Dnyandev Vitthal Kulkarni (1275–1296 (living samadhi)), was a 13th-century Indian Marathi saint, poet, philosopher and yogi of the Nath and Varkari tradition. In his short life of 21 years, he authored Dnyaneshwari (a commentary on the Bhagavad Gita) and Amrutanubhav. These are the oldest surviving literary works in the Marathi language, and considered to be milestones in Marathi literature. Sant Dnyaneshwar's ideas reflect the non-dualistic Advaita Vedanta philosophy and an emphasis on Yoga and bhakti towards Vithoba, an incarnation of Vishnu. His legacy inspired saint-poets such as Eknath and Tukaram, and he is one of the founders of the Varkari (Vithoba-Krishna) Bhakti movement tradition of Hinduism in Maharashtra. Dnyaneshwar undertook samadhi at Alandi in 1296 by entombing himself in an underground chamber.
Pablo Herrera (beach volleyball)
Pablo Herrera Allepuz (born 29 June 1982, in Castellón de la Plana) is a Spanish beach volleyball player who has represented his country five times at the Olympics.

In 2004 in Athens, Herrera and Javier Bosma won the silver medal. In the 2008 Olympic tournament, he teamed up with Raúl Mesa and lost in the round of 16. At the 2012 Summer Olympics tournament, Herrera partnered with Adrián Gavira. The pair lost in the round of 16 to Brazilians Ricardo Santos and Pedro Cunha. At the 2016 Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Herrera once again played with Gavira, losing to eventual champions from Brazil, Alison Ceruti and Bruno Oscar Schmidt.
At the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo, Herrera once again played with Gavira, losing to runner-ups from ROC (Russia), Viacheslav Krasilnikov and Oleg Stoyanovskiy. At the 2024 Olympics in Paris, he played yet again with Gavira, but lost in the quarter-finals to Norway.

Beach volleyball at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's beach volleyball tournament at the 2012 Olympic Games in London, United Kingdom, took place between 28 July and 9 August at Horse Guards Parade.

Twenty-four pairs were competing, including one from Great Britain as the host country, and a maximum of two from each nation. Sixteen qualified through positioning in the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Rankings as of 17 June 2012, five others earned their places at the 2010–12 Continental Beach Volleyball Cup, and the final three from the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Cup Olympic Qualification tournament.
Derivation of the conjugate gradient method
In numerical linear algebra, the conjugate gradient method is an iterative method for numerically solving the linear system

where  is symmetric positive-definite, without computing  explicitly. The conjugate gradient method can be derived from several different perspectives, including specialization of the conjugate direction method for optimization, and variation of the Arnoldi/Lanczos iteration for eigenvalue problems.

The intent of this article is to document the important steps in these derivations.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
2013–14 Liga Leumit
The 2013–14 Liga Leumit was the fifteenth season since its introduction in 1999 and the 72nd season of second-tier football in Israel. It began on 8 September 2013 and will end in May 2014.

A total of sixteen teams are contesting in the league, including twelve sides from the 2012–13 season, two promoted team from the 2012–13 Liga Alef and two relegated teams from the 2012–13 Israeli Premier League.

Beitar Tel Aviv Holon F.C.
Beitar Tel Aviv Holon F.C. (Hebrew: מועדון כדורגל בית"ר תל אביב חולון) is an Israeli football club which represents Tel Aviv and Holon. It plays in the Liga Alef, the third level of Israeli football. Home matches are played at the Bat Yam Municipal Stadium.
KRTN-LD
KRTN-LD (channel 39) is a low-power television station in Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States, affiliated with the digital multicast network Cozi TV. It is owned by the Telemundo Station Group subsidiary of NBCUniversal alongside Telemundo owned-and-operated station KASA-TV (channel 2), KTEL-CD (channel 15), and KUPT-LD (channel 16). KRTN-LD's transmitter is located at Sandia Crest.

KRTN-TV is the full-power satellite station based in Durango, Colorado, that broadcasts on channel 33. This station is also seen throughout the Albuquerque–Santa Fe market on Dish Network and DirecTV channel 33.

Many local commercials on this station are from businesses in Durango and Albuquerque. KRTN also features Durango TV, a local half-hour community show.

Additionally, KRTN is also shown on digital subchannels of these stations:

KTEL-TV in Carlsbad–Artesia, New Mexico

KUPT in Hobbs, New Mexico

K47MQ in Santa Fe–Espanola, New Mexico

Hobbs, New Mexico
Hobbs is a city in Lea County, New Mexico, United States. Its population was 40,508 at the 2020 census, increasing from 34,122 in 2010. It is the state's seventh-most populous city.

Hobbs is the principal city of the Hobbs, New Mexico micropolitan statistical area, which includes all of Lea County.
2020 Rolex Paris Masters – Singles
Daniil Medvedev defeated Alexander Zverev in the final, 5–7, 6–4, 6–1 to win the singles tennis title at the 2020 Paris Masters.

Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, but did not participate this year.

Rafael Nadal's victory over Feliciano López in the second round made him only the fourth man in the Open Era to have won 1,000 matches on the ATP Tour. His loss to Zverev in the semifinals meant that Djokovic secured the year-end ATP No. 1 singles ranking for the sixth time, equaling the all-time record held by Pete Sampras. Additionally, following the tournament Nadal surpassed Jimmy Connors's record for the most consecutive days ranked in the world's top 10.

Federico Coria
Federico Coria (born 9 March 1992) is an Argentine professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 49, achieved on 13 February 2023 and a doubles ranking of No. 238, achieved on 22 November 2021.

Coria competes on the ATP Challenger Tour and has won six singles titles and one in doubles.
Melvin Robertson
Melvin Robertson (born May 25, 1928) is an American former football coach. He was considered one of the top defensive minds in football during the 1970s and 80s.

"Mad Dog" Robertson began his coaching career as an assistant under Bradley Mills at Odessa High School, before joining Bill Yeoman's staff at the University of Houston as defensive backs coach in 1965. In 1972 Emory Bellard, who had just been named Texas A&M head coach, hired Robertson as defensive coordinator. A&M was ranked No. 1 in total defense in 1975 under Robertson, who was known for his blitz packages. Robertson followed Bellard to Mississippi State in 1979.

"Melvin's got a great reputation in pro football, college football and high school football here in Texas as one of the top defensive coaches in the country," said former University of Houston Head Football Coach John Jenkins.

Robertson is retired and lives in Grapevine, Texas.

Mississippi State Bulldogs football
The Mississippi State Bulldogs football program represents Mississippi State University in the sport of American football. The Bulldogs compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as well as the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They also have won one SEC championship in 1941 and a division championship in 1998. The Bulldogs have 27 postseason bowl appearances. The program has produced 38 All-Americans (three consensus), 171 All-SEC selections, and 124 NFL players (11 first-round draft picks). The Bulldogs’ home stadium, Davis Wade Stadium at Scott Field, is the second oldest in the NCAA Division I FBS.
Saskatchewan Highway 376
Highway 376 is a provincial highway in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from Highway 14 near Asquith to Highway 324. It is about 121 kilometres (75 mi) long. The highway passes through the communities of Maymont, Sonningdale, and Richard. It also provides access to Eagle Creek Regional Park and Glenburn Regional Park.

Highway 376 is paved between Highways 14 and 40 and gravel north of Highway 40. It crosses the North Saskatchewan River south of Maymont via the Maymont Bridge. In 2024–25, the old timber bridge that crossed Eagle Creek west of Asquith was replaced with a concrete one at a cost of $2.5 million.

Maymont, Saskatchewan
Maymont (2016 population: 138) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Mayfield No. 406 and Census Division No. 16. It is 90 kilometres (56 mi) north-west of the city of Saskatoon.

The village of Maymont was named for May Montgomery. She was a niece to  William Mackenzie (of Mackenzie and Mann, railway construction contractors, who built the Canadian Northern Railway through the area in 1905). Montgomery had asked her uncle to name the village Montgomery, but he said he could not because a town in Manitoba already had that name. So, he took her first name and the first syllable of her last name and combined them to form the name Maymont.

Like many other communities in Saskatchewan along the railway line in the early 1900s, Maymont had a grain elevator. Today, Maymont is one of the few towns in Saskatchewan that still has a grain elevator.
Margaret D. Nadauld
Margaret D. Nadauld (born November 21, 1944) was the eleventh general president of the Young Women organization of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1997 to 2002.  She is also a lifelong advocate of motherhood and family.

Church Educational System
The Church Educational System (CES) of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) consists of several institutions that provide religious and secular education for both Latter-day Saint and non–Latter-day Saint elementary, secondary, and post-secondary students and adult learners. Over 1 million individuals were enrolled in CES programs in over 180 countries with over 150,000 higher education students worldwide in 2023. CES has grown significantly since 2011, when it had approximately 700,000 students, largely through increased international participation and expansion of BYU–Pathway Worldwide (BYU–PW) and Seminaries and Institutes of Religion programs. CES courses of study are separate and distinct from religious instruction provided through wards (local congregations). Clark G. Gilbert, a general authority, has been the CES commissioner since August 1, 2021.
Sapio Sciences
Sapio Sciences is a software company that provides laboratory informatics solutions, including Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS), Electronic Lab Notebook (ELN), and Scientific Data Management Systems (SDMS).

Founded by Kevin Cramer in 2004, the company serves clients in biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, clinical and molecular diagnostics, and related scientific research fields. Sapio's platform supports lab automation, data integration, and workflow management across the research, development, and manufacturing lifecycle.

Kevin Cramer has a background in Information Systems from York College, PA. He has co-authored multiple papers in Nature Genetics, applying statistical and machine learning methodologies to genetic data interpretation.

York College of Pennsylvania
York College of Pennsylvania is a private college in Spring Garden Township, Pennsylvania, near the city of York. It offers more than 70 baccalaureate majors in professional programs, the sciences, and humanities to 3,500 full-time undergraduate students. It also offers master's programs in business, public policy, education, and nursing, along with a doctoral program in nursing practice to over 400 postgraduate students.
UMA Acceleration Architecture
In computing, UMA Acceleration Architecture (UXA) is the reimplementation of the EXA graphics acceleration architecture of the X.Org Server developed by Intel. Its major difference with EXA is the use of GEM, replacing Translation Table Maps. In February 2009 it became clear that UXA would not be merged back into EXA.

Intel is transitioning from UXA to SNA.

Computing
Computing is any goal-oriented activity that requires, benefits from, or creates computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes, and the development of both hardware and software. Computing encompasses scientific, engineering, mathematical, technological, and social aspects. Major computing disciplines include computer engineering, computer science, cybersecurity, data science, information systems, information technology, and software engineering.

The term computing is also synonymous with counting and calculating. In earlier times, it was used in reference to the action performed by mechanical computing machines, and before that, to human computers.
Beechcraft MQM-107 Streaker
The Beechcraft MQM-107 Streaker is a  reusable, turbojet powered, target towing drone primarily used by the United States Army and the United States Air Force for testing and training. The US Army uses the drone for testing various surface-to-air missile systems such as the FIM-92 Stinger and the MIM-104 Patriot. The US Air Force uses them in practice engagements for their air-to-air missiles like the AIM-9 Sidewinder and the AIM-120 AMRAAM.

United States Army Aviation and Missile Command
The U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM) is a United States Army command responsible for managing the logistics, contracting and repair support of Army aviation, missiles, and unmanned systems. It is a "major subordinate command" of Army Materiel Command. The Aviation and Missile Command is headquartered at Redstone Arsenal, in Huntsville, Alabama.
1915 San Francisco Seals season
The 1915 San Francisco Seals season was the 13th season in the history of the San Francisco Seals baseball team. The team won the Pacific Coast League (PCL) pennant with a 118–89 record. Harry Wolverton was the team's manager, and shortstop Roy Corhan was the team captain. The season ran from March 30 to October 24, 1915.

Paul Meloan
Paul B. Meloan (August 23, 1888 – February 11, 1950) was an American Major League Baseball right fielder with the Chicago White Sox and St. Louis Browns. 'Molly', as his teammates dubbed him, batted left-handed and threw right-handed. He attended Washington University in St. Louis, where he played for the Washington University Bears.
Voskresenie
The Voskresenie (Resurrection or Sunday) was a left-leaning, quasi-Masonic sect, which existed in Petrograd between 1918 and 1928. The group, which consisted of philosophers, professionals, and members of the Religious Philosophical Society, sought to support the Bolsheviks' economic policy but oppose their atheistic culture, and in so doing to 'renew humanity and the construction of communism' (as seen in Brandist 2002, p. 28).

Sect
A sect is a subgroup of a religious, political, or philosophical belief system, typically emerging as an offshoot of a larger organization. Originally, the term referred specifically to religious groups that had separated from a main body, but it can now apply to any group that diverges from a larger organization to follow a distinct set of beliefs and practices. Sects often form when there is a perception of heresy either within the subgroup or from the larger group.

In an Indian context, sect refers to an organized tradition.
Liam Ó hAnluain
Liam Ó hAnluain, (1910–1992) was an Irish Christian Brother, schoolteacher, educator, and Irish Language scholar.
Born in Derry city in 1910, educated locally in riverside, then in bunapobail, Co. Donegal. He trained as a Christian brother in St. Joseph's Baldoyle completing his secondary education, and as a National School teacher in Colaiste Mhuire/St. Mary's College in Marino. While working as a teacher in North Abbey, Cork, he earned a BSc followed by a BA, and H.Dip in Education, and finally an MSc from University College Cork.

He worked in the St. Mary's Marino, teacher training college. He served as provincial of the Christian brothers before stepping down due to ill health. He was tasked with writing a standard format for the grammar of the Irish language used in the Christian brothers schools.

Marino Institute of Education
Marino Institute of Education (Irish: Institiúid Oideachais Marino), abbreviated as Marino Institute or MIE, is an Irish College of Education, an associated College of Trinity College Dublin. It is located on Griffith Avenue, Dublin 9. Its degrees and diplomas are awarded by the University of Dublin, Trinity College. Marino Institute of Education comprises the College of Education, the Conference Centre, Continuing Professional Development (CPD) and various support services.
Mukesh Dalal
Mukeshkumar Chandrakant Dalal is an Indian politician from Gujarat who is the member of Parliament in 18th Lok Sabha from Surat constituency since 2024. A member of Bharatiya Janata Party, he previously worked in Surat as party secretary.

Bharatiya Janata Party – Gujarat
Bharatiya Janata Party – Gujarat (BJP Gujarat) is the state unit of the Bharatiya Janata Party that operates in Gujarat. Jagdish Vishwakarma currently serves as state president of the party. The leader of the party is Bhupendrabhai R Patel, the incumbent chief minister of Gujarat. The head office of the party is located in Gandhinagar, Gujarat.