hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Manhattan Declaration
Manhattan Declaration can refer to:

Manhattan Declaration: A Call of Christian Conscience, an American Christian cross-denominational declaration addressing a number of political issues in 2009

Manhattan Declaration on Climate Change, a declaration signed at the end of the 2008 International Conference on Climate Change

International Conference on Climate Change
The International Conference on Climate Change (ICCC) is a climate change denial conference series organized and sponsored by the American think tank The Heartland Institute. The conference aims to bring together those who "dispute that the science is settled on the causes, consequences, and policy implications of climate change."
The first conference took place in 2008.
Tullia driving her Chariot over her Father
Tullia driving her Chariot over her Father is a 1687 painting by Giuseppe Bartolomeo Chiari which depicts the last Queen of Rome Tullia driving her chariot over the dead body of her father, King Servius Tullius. The work was commissioned by Jacopo Montinioni and was later purchased by John Cecil, 5th Earl of Exeter after the former's death. It is held today by the Burghley House Historic Trust.

Tullia Minor
Tullia Minor is a semi-legendary figure in Roman history who can be found in the writings of Livy, Cicero, and Dionysius of Halicarnassus. She was the last queen of the Roman Kingdom.

Tullia Minor was the younger daughter of Rome's sixth king, Servius Tullius, who eventually married Lucius Tarquinius. Along with her husband, she arranged the overthrow and murder of her father, securing the throne for her husband. Her actions made her an infamous figure in ancient Roman culture.
Matthew Myers (judge)
Matthew David Myers AM (born 10 November 1970) is a judge of the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia and an adjunct professor at the Faculty of Law, University of New South Wales. He is the first Aboriginal Australian to have been appointed as a federal court judge.

Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia
The Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia is an Australian court formed in September 2021 from the merger of the Federal Circuit Court of Australia and the Family Court of Australia. It has jurisdiction over family law in Australia, apart from in Western Australia, as well as various other areas of law such as  bankruptcy, copyright, human rights, and  industrial law.
1970 Prize of Moscow News
The 1970 Prize of Moscow News was the fifth edition of an international figure skating competition organized in Moscow, Soviet Union. It was held December 17–20, 1970. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating and ice dancing. Soviets swept the men's podium, with Sergei Chetverukhin defeating Sergey Volkov for the title. Marina Titova took the ladies' title ahead of skaters from East and West Germany. Lyudmila Smirnova / Andrei Suraikin won the pairs title ahead of Olympic champions Ludmila Belousova / Oleg Protopopov. Soviets also swept the ice dancing podium, led by World champions Lyudmila Pakhomova / Alexander Gorshkov.

Sergei Chetverukhin
Sergei Alexandrovich Chetverukhin (Russian: Серге́й Александрович Четверухин; born 12 January 1946) is a former Soviet figure skater. He is the 1972 Olympic silver medalist, a three-time World medalist, and a four-time European medalist.
Shuja'iyya Popular Defense Forces
The Shuja'iyya Popular Defense Forces (Arabic: قوات الدفاع الشعبي للشجاعية, romanized: Quwwat al-Diffa al-Sha'bi lil-Shuja'yia) is an Israeli-backed anti-Hamas militant group in the Gaza Strip led and founded by Rami Hilles and Ahmed Jundeya. Operating within the Israeli-controlled side of the Yellow Line, the group is based in the Shuja'iyya neighborhood of Gaza City, and is also active in the adjacent Zeitoun and Tuffah neighborhoods. The group is composed of dozens of fighters primarily drawn from the Hilles clan and the Jundeya clan.

The Shuja'iyya Popular Defense Forces was erroneously initially conflated with the entire Hilles clan, but is now known to be a "rogue faction" that has been disavowed by clan leadership.

Israel and state-sponsored terrorism
The State of Israel has been accused of engaging in state-sponsored terrorism, as well as committing acts of state terrorism on a daily basis in the Palestinian territories. Countries that have condemned Israel's role as a perpetrator of state-sponsored terrorism or state terrorism include Bolivia, Iran, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, and Yemen.

An early example of Israeli state-sponsored terrorism was the 1954 Lavon Affair, a botched bomb plot in Egypt that led to the resignation of the Israeli defense minister at the time. In the 1970s and 1980s, Israel was also a major supplier of arms to dictatorial regimes in South America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia. In the 21st-century, it has been accused of sponsoring and supporting several terrorist groups as part of its Iran–Israel proxy conflict.
Leadership approval opinion polling for the 2019 United Kingdom general election
At various dates in the run-up to the 2019 United Kingdom general election, various organisations carried out opinion polling to gauge the opinions that voters held about various politicians. Results of such polls are displayed in this article. Most of the polling companies listed are members of the British Polling Council (BPC) and abide by its disclosure rules.

The date range for these opinion polls extended from the previous general election, held on 8 June 2017, to the present day. Under the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011, the next general election was scheduled to be held no later than 5 May 2022, and it was accelerated from that timetable by the Early Parliamentary General Election Act 2019, with the result that polling day fell on 12 December 2019.

British Polling Council
The British Polling Council (BPC) is an association of market research companies whose opinion polls are regularly published or broadcast in media in the United Kingdom. The current President is Jane Green.

The BPC was established in 2004, twelve years after the perceived failure of opinion polls to come close to predicting the actual result of the 1992 general election. BPC members use a range of fieldwork methods (telephone, door-to-door, and internet) and statistical tools.
Coffee-leaf tea
Coffee-leaf tea is a herbal tea prepared from the leaves of the coffee plant (either Coffea robusta or Coffea arabica). These leaves, after being roasted, can be ground up or crumpled, then brewed or steeped in hot water in a form similar to tea. The resulting beverage is similar in taste to green tea, but with less caffeine content than either regular tea or coffee. Coffee leaves closely resemble the leaves and stalks of Paraguay tea (Ilex paraguariensis).  In some regions, such as Sumatra and Ethiopia, only the leaves are taken from the coffee plant and the berries are left on the bush.

In Ethiopia, coffee-leaf tea is called kuti and has been consumed for hundreds of years.

Green tea
Green tea is a type of tea made from the leaves and buds of the Camellia sinensis that have not undergone the withering and oxidation process that creates oolong teas and black teas. Green tea originated in China in the late 1st millennium BC, and since then its production and manufacture has spread to other countries in East Asia.

Several varieties of green tea exist, which differ substantially based on the variety of C. sinensis used, growing conditions, horticultural methods, production processing, and time of harvest. While it may slightly lower blood pressure and improve alertness, current scientific evidence does not support most health benefit claims, and excessive intake of green tea extracts can cause liver damage and other side effects.
Claudia Mitchell
Claudia Mitchell (born 1980) is a former United States Marine whose left arm was amputated near the shoulder following a motorcycle crash in 2004. She became the first woman to be outfitted with a bionic arm. The arm is controlled through muscles in her chest and side, which in turn are controlled by the nerves that had previously controlled her real arm. The nerves were rerouted to these muscles in a process of targeted reinnervation.

Her prosthesis, a prototype developed by the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, was one of the most advanced prosthetic arms developed to date.

Targeted reinnervation
Targeted reinnervation enables amputees to control motorized prosthetic devices and regain sensory feedback. The method was developed by Dr. Todd Kuiken at Northwestern University and Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago and Dr. Gregory Dumanian at Northwestern University Division of Plastic Surgery.
Pyotr Marchenko (journalist)
Pyotr Valentinovich Marchenko (Russian: Пётр Валентинович Марченко; born December 23, 1969, Moscow) is a Russian television journalist, radio and television presenter. He is the presenter of the weekday summary program News REN TV since 2015, previously the program Today on NTV (1996-2002) and the Sunday edition of the program Vremya on Channel One from 2003-2005.

Radio personality
A radio personality is a person who has an on-air position in radio broadcasting. A radio personality who hosts a radio show is also known as a radio host (North American English), radio presenter (British English) or radio jockey. Radio personalities who introduce and play individual selections of recorded music are known as disc jockeys or "DJs" for short. Broadcast radio personalities may include talk radio hosts, AM/FM radio show hosts, and satellite radio program hosts, and non-host contributors to radio programs, such as reporter
Benge (surname)
Benge is an English surname. Notable people with this name include:

Alfreda Benge (born 1940), British lyricist and illustrator

Bob Benge (1762–1794), American Indian leader

Chris Benge (born 1962), American politician

Elden Benge (1904–1960), American trumpet player and maker

Fred Benge, New Zealand association football player

Harvey Benge (1944–2019), New Zealand photographer

Howard Benge (1913–1986), New Zealand rower

Ray Benge (1902–1997), American baseball player

Wilson Benge (1875–1955), English actor

Bob Benge
Robert Benge (c. 1762–1794), also known as Captain Benge (or "The Bench" to frontiersmen), was a Cherokee leader in the Upper Towns, in present-day far Southwest Virginia during the Cherokee–American wars (1783–1794).
Ravensworth (plantation)
Ravensworth was an 18th-century plantation house near Annandale in Fairfax County, Virginia. Ravensworth was the Northern Virginia residence of William Fitzhugh, William Henry Fitzhugh, Mary Lee Fitzhugh Custis, William Henry Fitzhugh Lee and George Washington Custis Lee. It was built in 1796.

Plantation house
A plantation house is the main house of a plantation, often a substantial farmhouse, which often serves as a symbol for the plantation as a whole. Plantation houses in the Southern United States and in other areas are known as quite grand and expensive architectural works today, though most were more utilitarian, working farmhouses.
Tai Tam Intermediate Reservoir
Tai Tam Intermediate Reservoir, part of the Tai Tam Reservoirs, is a reservoir in Tai Tam Country Park, Tai Tam, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong and has a water storage capacity of 19.6 million gallons. The reservoir was completed in 1907.

The reservoir can be accessed by the Tai Tam Waterworks Heritage Trail.

The reservoir is still in operation and the dam was constructed in slope style. Its dam and the valve house built at the centre of the dam are listed as declared monuments in September 2009.

Declared monuments of Hong Kong
Declared monuments of Hong Kong are places, structures or buildings legally declared to receive the highest level of protection. In Hong Kong, declaring a monument requires consulting the Antiquities Advisory Board, the approval of the Chief Executive of Hong Kong as well as the publication of the notice on the Hong Kong Government Gazette.

As of December 2024, there are 136 declared monuments in Hong Kong, with 58 listed on Hong Kong Island, 55 on New Territories, 14 on Kowloon, and 9 on the Outlying Islands.

Under Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance, some other buildings are classified as Grades I, II and III historic buildings, and are not listed below.
Bellevue railway depot
Bellevue railcar depot is a Transperth railcar production facility and future depot in the suburb of Bellevue, Western Australia. It is situated on Elgee Road between Lloyd Street & Roe Highway past the terminus of the Midland line.

Transperth C-series train
The Transperth C-series trains are a class of electric multiple units part of Alstom's X'Trapolis family of trains for Transperth that are being delivered as part of Metronet. The trains are operating on Perth's suburban rail network and entered service on the Yanchep and Mandurah lines on 8 April 2024.
Plumer Block
Plumer Block, also known as the Hancock Building, was an historic, American commercial building that was located in Franklin, Venango County, Pennsylvania.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. It was delisted in 1986, after being demolished following a fire.

Franklin, Pennsylvania
Franklin is a city in and the county seat of Venango County, Pennsylvania, United States, located at the confluence of French Creek and the Allegheny River. The population was 6,077 in the 2020 census. Franklin is part of the Oil City micropolitan area. It is known for its three-day autumn festival in October, Applefest, which attracts hundreds of thousands of visitors.
Durango, Spain
Durango is a town and municipality of the historical territory and province of Biscay, located in the Basque Country, Spain. It is the main town of Durangaldea, one of the comarcas of Biscay. Because of its economical activities and population, Durango is considered one of the largest towns in Biscay after the ones that compose the conurbation of Greater Bilbao.

Durango has 29,715 inhabitants (2023). The town is crossed by three rivers (as illustrated in the town symbol). The Ibaizabal river is the main river, and lies in the middle of its wide valley, with the Urkiola mountain range and natural park to the south. The tallest peak is Anboto (1,331 m (4,367 ft) in elevation).

Comarcas of Spain
In Spain, a  comarca (Spanish: [koˈmaɾka] ⓘ) 
is a traditional informal territorial division, comprising several municipalities sharing geographical, economic or cultural traits, typically with not well defined limits. Modernly, they have been formally defined for all the autonomous communities of Spain, as territorial entities intermediate between the municipality and the province, although their status ranges from official and with administrative functions (providing common local government services) in some communities, to unofficial and based on mere preliminary studies in other communities.

In English, a comarca is equivalent to an area, county, district, or zone.
Please Love Me Forever (album)
Please Love Me Forever is Bobby Vinton's sixteenth studio album, released in 1967. Two singles came from this album: the title track (previously a hit for Cathy Jean and the Roommates) and "Just as Much as Ever".

Cover versions include "Young Love", "It's All in the Game", "P.S. I Love You", "Bouquet of Roses", "Who's Sorry Now" and "After Loving You".

1967 in music
The year 1967 was important for psychedelic rock, and was famous for its "Summer of Love" in San Francisco. It saw major releases from multiple well-known bands including the Beatles, Small Faces, the newly renamed Eric Burdon and the Animals, Jefferson Airplane, Love, The Beach Boys, Cream, the Byrds, the Rolling Stones, the Who, and the Monkees. This year also saw debuts from many upcoming bands such as the Jimi Hendrix Experience, Big Brother and the Holding Company, the Doors, Moby Grape, Procol Harum, Traffic, the Velvet Underground, and Pink Floyd.
Center gauge
Center gauges and fishtail gauges are gauges used in lathe work for checking the angles when grinding the profiles of single-point screw-cutting tool bits and centers. In the image, the gauge on the left is called a fishtail gauge or center gauge, and the one on the right is another style of center gauge.

These gauges are most commonly used when hand-grinding threading tool bits on a bench grinder, although they may be used with tool and cutter grinders. When the tool bit has been ground to the correct angle, they are then used to set the tool perpendicular to the workpiece.

They can incorporate a range of sizes and types on the one gauge, the two most common being metric or UNC and UNF at 60°, and BSW at 55°.  Gauges also exist for the Acme thread form.

British Standard Whitworth
British Standard Whitworth (BSW) is a screw thread standard that uses  imperial (inch-based) units. It was devised and specified by British engineer Joseph Whitworth in 1841, making it the world's first national screw thread standard. It became widely adopted across the United Kingdom  and its former colonies, influencing engineering practices globally. BSW also laid the foundation for several related thread standards, including British Standard Fine (BSF), British Standard Pipe (BSP), British Standard Conduit (BSCon) and British Standard Copper (BSCopper) threads.  Although largely superseded by metric standards in modern engineering, BSW remains in use in restoration, vintage machinery, and certain legacy industries.
Tadeusz Kacik
Tadeusz Kacik (6 October 1946 – 17 May 1988) was a Polish ice hockey player. He played for Podhale Nowy Targ and KTH Krynicaduring his career. He also played for the Polish national team at the 1972 Winter Olympics and multiple World Championships. Kacik won the Polish league championship six times in his career, all with Podhale. In 1971 he was voted the best player in Poland. His grandson, Patryk Wronka, also plays ice hockey and has represented Poland internationally.

1972 Winter Olympics
The 1972 Winter Olympics, officially the XI Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Sapporo 1972, were a winter multi-sport event held from February 3 to 13, 1972, in Sapporo, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. It was the first Winter Olympic Games to take place outside Europe and North America.
Nikon AF-S DX Nikkor 35mm f/1.8G
The Nikon AF-S DX Nikkor 35mm f/1.8G is a lens manufactured by Nikon for use on Nikon DX format digital SLR cameras. It provides a field of view on a DX format camera similar to that of a normal lens on a 35mm film format camera.

Nikon D40
The Nikon D40 is a 6.1-megapixel DX format DSLR Nikon F-mount camera announced by Nikon on November 16, 2006. It replaces the D50 as Nikon's entry level DSLR. It features a 2.5-inch 230,000-dot resolution LCD, CCD sensor with ISO 200-1600 (3200 Hi-1) and 3D Color Matrix Metering.

The D40 was the first Nikon DSLR without an in-body focus motor. Autofocus requires the use of a lens with an integrated autofocus-motor.

In March 2007, Nikon released a sister model, the D40x, which included a 10.2-megapixel sensor and several other changes over the original D40.
Europe '72: Beat Club, Bremen, West Germany (4/21/1972)
Europe '72: Beat Club, Bremen, West Germany (4/21/1972) is a live album by the Grateful Dead. It was recorded for the Beat-Club TV show instead of at a concert venue. It is notable for being the shortest concert of the tour, because it was a television performance. On the album, the songs "Loser" and "Black-Throated Wind" are not included (they were the soundcheck).

The video shot for the Beat-Club TV episode was shown in movie theaters in the U.S. on July 17, 2014, as that year's Grateful Dead Meet-Up at the Movies.

Beat-Club
Beat-Club is a West German music programme that ran from September 1965 to December 1972. It was broadcast from Bremen, West Germany on Erstes Deutsches Fernsehen, the national public television channel of the ARD, and produced by one of its members, Radio Bremen, later co-produced by WDR following the 38th episode.
Bill Hager (South Carolina politician)
William Winston Hager (born 7 February 1960) is an American engineer and politician.

Bill Hager was born on 7 February 1960 in Charlotte, North Carolina, to parents Roland and Charlene Hager. He later moved to Hampton, South Carolina, earned a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering at The Citadel, and worked as an engineer.

Hager served as chair of the Hampton County Economic Development Commission and ran for a seat on the Hampton County Council in 2020. In 2022, Hager defeated incumbent Shedron D. Williams of South Carolina House of Representatives District 122.

Hampton, South Carolina
Hampton is a town in Hampton County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 2,694 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Hampton County. The town and the county are named after Wade Hampton III, a Confederate general in the Civil War.
McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green
McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792 (1973), is a US employment law case by the United States Supreme Court regarding the burdens and nature of proof in proving a Title VII case and the order in which plaintiffs and defendants present proof.  It was the seminal case in the McDonnell Douglas burden-shifting framework.

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a United States federal law that prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin.  After the Supreme Court ruling, the Civil Rights Act of 1991 (Pub. L. 102-166) amended several sections of Title VII.

Title VII prohibits employment discrimination "because of" certain reasons.  While "because of" may be understood in the conversational sense, the McDonnell Douglas case was the first landmark case to define this phrase.

Defendant
In court proceedings, a defendant is a person or object who is the party either accused of committing a crime in criminal prosecution or against whom some type of civil relief is being sought in a civil case.

Terminology varies from one jurisdiction to another. In Scots law, the terms "accused" or "panel" are used instead in criminal proceedings and "defender" in civil proceedings. Another term in use is "respondent".
Julian Kay
Julian Kay (born August 1974) is a British actor who is best known for playing PC Tom Allen in Season 5 & Season 6 of BBC One drama Dangerfield, Mr Green in two seasons of ITV's adaptation of Jacqueline Wilson's Girls In Love and Tracy Barlow's husband Robert Preston in Coronation Street.

He is also known for his roles as Dylan Parker in The Long Shadow, Tony Smith in two seasons of Meet The Richardsons and Toby Jackson in Emmerdale.

Kay attended Bootham School in York, England, before training at the University of Birmingham and Guildford School of Acting.

Kay is married to British actress Kate Hampson and lives in York. They have two children.

Jacqueline Wilson
Dame Jacqueline Wilson (née Aitken; born 17 December 1945) is an English novelist known for her children's literature. Her novels have tackled realistic topics such as adoption and divorce. Since her debut novel in 1969, Wilson has written more than 100 books.