hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway, Bridge No. 6
Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway, Bridge No. 6 is a steel vertical-lift bridge consisting of two parallel spans, carrying two tracks each, across the Calumet River in Chicago, Illinois, United States. The structure is currently owned by Norfolk Southern Railway but disused and kept in a raised position.

The current structure replaces an earlier swing bridge on the same site, built for the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway. When the United States Army Corps of Engineers began calling for its replacement in 1909, both single- and double-leaf bascule bridge options were considered, as well as vertical-lift options. Construction began on foundations for a single, four-track vertical-lift span before changing to the two parallel two-track spans that were completed in 1915.

The bridge was designated as a Chicago Landmark on December 12, 2007.

Calumet River
The Calumet River is a system of  industrialized rivers and canals in the region between the south side of Chicago, Illinois, and the city of Gary, Indiana. Historically, the Little Calumet River and the Grand Calumet River were one, the former flowing west from Indiana into Illinois, then turning back east to its mouth at Lake Michigan at Marquette Park in Gary.  Now the system is part of the Chicago Area Waterway System and through the use of locks flows away from Lake Michigan to the Cal-Sag Channel.
Xenophidion acanthognathus
Xenophidion acanthognathus, also known as the Bornean spine-jawed snake is a species of snake in the monotypic family Xenophidiidae.

It is found in Sabah and Sarawak on the island of Borneo, Malaysia.

A skink (Sphenomorphus sp.) is one of the known food items of the species.

Sphenomorphus
The genus Sphenomorphus – vernacularly also known as the common skinks – currently serves as a "wastebin taxon" for numerous skinks. While most or all species presently placed here are probably rather close relatives, the genus as presently delimited is likely not to be monophyletic and needs review. Some species in this genus have been moved to Pinoyscincus.

The namesake of the Sphenomorphus group of Lygosominae genera, most species would probably occupy a rather basal position therein.
Fortier River (Bécancour River tributary)
The Fortier River (in French: rivière Fortier) is a tributary of the Bécancour River (via William Lake. It flows in the municipalities of Vianney and Saint-Ferdinand, in the L'Érable Regional County Municipality (MRC), in the administrative region of Centre-du-Québec, in Quebec, in Canada.

Centre-du-Québec
Centre-du-Québec (French pronunciation: [sɑ̃tʁ dy kebɛk], Central Quebec) is a region of Quebec, Canada. The main centres are Drummondville, Victoriaville, and Bécancour. It has a land area of 6,930.05 square kilometres (2,675.71 sq mi) and a 2016 census population of 242,399 inhabitants.
GIR1 branching ribozyme
The Lariat capping ribozyme (formerly called GIR1 branching ribozyme) is a ~180 nt ribozyme with an apparent resemblance to a group I ribozyme.
It is found within a complex type of group I introns also termed twin-ribozyme introns.
Rather than splicing, it catalyses a branching reaction in which the 2'OH of an internal residue is involved in a nucleophilic attack at a nearby phosphodiester bond.
As a result, the RNA is cleaved at an internal processing site (IPS), leaving a 3'OH and a downstream product with a 3 nt lariat at its 5' end. The lariat has the first and the third nucleotide joined by a 2',5' phosphodiester bond and is referred to as 'the lariat cap' because it caps an intron-encoded mRNA. The resulting lariat cap seems to contribute by increasing the half-life of the HE mRNA, thus conferring an evolutionary advantage to the HE.

Biocatalysis
Biocatalysis refers to the use of living (biological) systems or their parts to speed up (catalyze) chemical reactions. In biocatalytic processes, natural catalysts, such as enzymes, perform chemical transformations on organic compounds. Both enzymes that have been more or less isolated and enzymes still residing inside living cells are employed for this task. Modern biotechnology, specifically directed evolution, has made the production of modified or non-natural enzymes  possible. This has enabled the development of enzymes that can catalyze novel small molecule transformations that may be difficult or impossible using classical synthetic organic chemistry. Utilizing natural or modified enzymes to perform organic synthesis is termed chemoenzymatic synthesis; the reactions performed by the enzyme are classified as chemoenzymatic reactions.
OBI Pharma, Inc.
OBI Pharma, Inc. (Chinese: 台灣浩鼎生技股份有限公司) (TWSE: 4174) is a bio-pharmaceutical company, based in Nangang District, Taipei, Taiwan.

In 2018 it announced that its drug, OBI-3424, has been granted Orphan Drug Designation (ODD) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC).

Optimer Pharmaceuticals
Optimer Pharmaceuticals Inc was an American biopharmaceutical company, originally headquartered in San Diego, California, and later moved to Jersey City, New Jersey, United States.

The company focused on developing specialty drugs to treat gastrointestinal infections and related diseases. In 2011, with Dr. Sherwood Gorbach as Chief Scientific Officer, it received regulatory approval for the first antibacterial drug, Dificid, in 25 years approved to treat certain types of diarrhea (i.e., Clostridioides difficile induced diarrhea) in adults.

But sales of the drug Dificid failed to meet expectations and the drug faced strong competition from cheaper generic alternatives. After declining revenue, the company was acquired in 2013 by Cubist Pharmaceuticals and it operations in New Jersey closed down.
Simon Thomas (soccer)
Simon Edmund Thomas (born April 12, 1990) is a Canadian professional soccer player who plays as a goalkeeper. Thomas has played for clubs in Canada, England, Wales and Norway. The last club he played for was Tromsø.

Strømmen IF
Strømmen Idrettsforening is a Norwegian sports club from Strømmen. It has sections for football, athletics and gymnastics, and formerly had sections for bandy, orienteering, skiing, speed skating, swimming among other sports.
Essex station (Ontario)
Essex railway station (aka Old Michigan Central Station) is a railway station building in Essex, Ontario, Canada, constructed by the Michigan Central Railroad in 1887, and is now operated by a local heritage group, Heritage Essex Inc.

Michigan Central Railroad
The Michigan Central Railroad (reporting mark MC) was originally chartered in 1832 to establish rail service between Detroit, Michigan, and St. Joseph, Michigan. The railroad later operated in the states of Michigan, Indiana, and Illinois in the United States and the province of Ontario in Canada. After about 1867 the railroad was controlled by the New York Central Railroad, which later became part of Penn Central and then Conrail. After the 1998 Conrail breakup, Norfolk Southern Railway now owns much of the former Michigan Central trackage.

At the end of 1925, MC operated 1,871 miles (3,011 km) of road and 4,139 miles (6,661 km) of track; that year it reported 4,304,000 net ton-miles of revenue freight and 600 million passenger-miles.
2014 European Championship of American football
The 2014 European Championship was the 13th European Championship of American football. The competition was held in Austria between May 30 and June 7, 2014. The top three teams qualified for the 2015 IFAF World Championship.

2015 IFAF World Championship
The 2015 IFAF World Championship was the fifth instance of the IFAF World Championship, an international American football tournament. The United States hosted the tournament. Seven teams had confirmed their participation for the tournament in Canton, Ohio.

The tournament was to be hosted by Stockholm, Sweden, with all games to be take place at the Tele2 Arena, but in December 2014, it was canceled after the host failed to set up a sponsorship structure. Instead, USA Football hosted the tournament at the Tom Benson Hall of Fame Stadium in Canton.

The United States won their third consecutive championship in their third appearance, defeating Japan 59–12 in the final. Sports Radio America internationally broadcast the gold medal game.
Achmet Borumborad
Achmet Borumborad (fl. 1769–1786), Achmet Borumbadad (or sometimes simply Dr. Achmet or Mr. Achmet) was the assumed name of an eccentric medical con-artist, or quack, operating in late 18th-century Dublin, Ireland. He succeeded in gathering financial support for the construction of a Hammam (or "Turkish bath") on the banks of the River Liffey in the city. Purportedly a doctor, Borumborad claimed to have been born in Constantinople (Istanbul) from which he had subsequently fled. In reality, he was the fictitious creation of one Patrick Joyce of Kilkenny, or possibly a William Cairns, or Kearns, of Dublin. Adopting the persona of a native Turk, his unusual dress style, turban, and exotic affectations attracted much attention in the city at the time, and he was noted as "the first Turk who had ever walked the streets of Dublin in his native costume."

Quackery
Quackery, often synonymous with health fraud, is the promotion of fraudulent or ignorant medical practices. A quack is a "fraudulent or ignorant pretender to medical skill" or "a person who pretends, professionally or publicly, to have skill, knowledge, qualification or credentials they do not possess; a charlatan or snake oil salesman". The term quack is a clipped form of the archaic term quacksalver, derived from Dutch: kwakzalver a "hawker of salve" or rather somebody who boasted about their salves, more commonly known as ointments. In the Middle Ages the term quack meant "shouting". The quacksalvers sold their wares at markets by shouting to gain attention.

Common elements of general quackery include questionable diagnoses using questionable diagnostic tests, as well as untested or refuted treatments, especially for serious diseases such as cancer. Quackery is often described as "health fraud" with the salient characteristic of aggressive promotion.
Kiliveti Sanjeevaiah
Kiliveti Sanjeevaiah (born 1964) is an Indian politician from Andhra Pradesh. He is an MLA of YSR Congress Party from Sullurpeta Assembly Constituency which is reserved for SC community in Nellore District. He won the 2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election. He was nominated again to contest the 2024 Assembly Election from Sullurpeta Constituency despite differences within the party.

2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
The 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election was held in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh on 13 May 2024 for constituting the sixteenth Andhra Pradesh Assembly. They were held alongside the 2024 Indian general election. The election results were declared on 4 June 2024.

The political alliance Kutami, led by the Telugu Desam Party, won the election in a landslide, winning 164 of the 175 seats. The Telugu Desam Party (TDP) won 135 out of 144 contested seats. In comparison, the Janasena Party (JSP) won all the 21 seats it contested and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won 8 out of 10 contested seats. The incumbent YSR Congress Party (YSRCP) only won 11 seats. The Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance (INDIA) comprising Indian National Congress (INC), Communist Party of India (CPI) and Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)) failed to win any seats, for the third time continuously in a row.
Poul Knudsen (writer)
Poul Knudsen (9 November 1889 – 30 April 1974) was a Danish writer. Knudsen worked on symbolistic and exotic themes. He collaborated with Finnish composers Jean Sibelius in 1911 on the tragic ballet-pantomime, Scaramouche, and with Leevi Madetoja in 1927 on a second ballet-pantomime, Okon Fuoko. The premieres of each production, however, were delayed and, upon being premiered, Knudsen was faulted for weak libretti.

Exoticism
Exoticism (from exotic) is the style or traits considered characteristic of a distant foreign country. In art and design it is a trend where creators become fascinated with ideas and styles from distant regions and draw inspiration from them. This often involves surrounding foreign cultures with mystique and fantasy which owe more to the culture of the people doing the exoticism than to the exotic cultures themselves: this process of glamorisation and stereotyping is called "exoticisation".

In a colonial context, it is the romanticisation or fetishisation of ethnic, racial, or cultural others, where the group is marked by difference.
Cinderella (Krista Siegfrids song)
"Cinderella" is a song recorded by Finnish singer Krista Siegfrids. The song was released as a digital download in Finland on 1 January 2014. The song peaked at number 46 on the Finnish Download Chart and number 79 on the Finnish Airplay Chart.

Krista Siegfrids
Kristin "Krista" Siegfrids (born 1985) is a Finnish singer and television presenter. She represented Finland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 with her entry "Marry Me". Siegfrids' debut album, named Ding Dong!, was released in May 2013. As a television presenter, she hosted Uuden Musiikin Kilpailu from 2016 to 2020.
5-DM-25B-NBOMe
5-DM-25B-NBOMe, also known as 5-O-desmethyl-25B-NBOMe, is a serotonin receptor modulator of the phenethylamine family related to the NBOMe psychedelic 25B-NBOMe. It is the 5-O-desmethyl analogue of 25B-NBOMe. The drug is a potent agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors. Its affinity (Ki), EC50Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration, and EmaxTooltip maximal efficacy values at the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor were 2.24 nM, 1.20 nM, and 61%, respectively, whereas its values at the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor were 10.5 nM, 0.617 nM, and 73%, respectively. At the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, the drug showed 11-fold lower affinity, 1.3-fold lower activational potency, and a numerical efficacy decrease of 22% compared to 25B-NBOMe. It is a major metabolite of 25B-NBOMe and is formed by cytochrome P450 enzymes. 5-DM-25B-NBOMe was first described in the scientific literature by 2016.

5-HT2A receptor
The 5-HT2A receptor is a subtype of the 5-HT2 receptor that belongs to the serotonin receptor family and functions as a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). It is a cell surface receptor that activates multiple intracellular signalling cascades.
Like all 5-HT2 receptors, the 5-HT2A receptor is coupled to the Gq/G11 signaling pathway. It is the primary excitatory receptor subtype among the serotonin-responsive GPCRs. The 5-HT2A receptor was initially noted for its central role as the primary target of serotonergic psychedelic drugs such as LSD and psilocybin mushrooms. It later regained research prominence when found to mediate, at least in part, the effects of many antipsychotic drugs, particularly atypical antipsychotics.
Ligne Aérienne Seychelles
Ligne Aérienne Seychelles (LAS) was a charter airline based on Mahé in Seychelles. The airline was formed in 1986 by Christopher Hurndall, in collaboration with Paul Lewis, and began operating charter flights in December 1986 with a leased Boeing 707 (S7-LAS). The airline's destinations included Gaborone, Botswana; Lilongwe, Malawi; Perth, Australia and Singapore.

Lilongwe
Lilongwe (UK: /lɪˈlɒŋweɪ/, US: /-wi, lɪˈlɔːŋweɪ/,) is the capital and largest city of Malawi. It has a population of 989,318 as of the 2018 Census, up from a population of 674,448 in 2008. In 2020, that figure was 1,122,000. The city is located in the central region of Malawi, in the district of the same name, near the borders with Mozambique and Zambia, and it is an important economic and transportation hub for central Malawi. It is named after the Lilongwe River.
Tectospinal tract
In humans, the tectospinal tract (or colliculospinal tract) is a decussating extrapyramidal tract that coordinates head/neck and eye movements.

It arises from the superior colliculus of the mesencephalic (midbrain) tectum, and projects to the cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord levels. It mediates reflex turning of the head and upper trunk in the direction of startling sensory stimuli (visual, auditory, or skin).

It arises from the deep layers of the superior colliculus. It decussates within the posterior part of mesencephalic tegmentum at the level of the red nucleus. It descends through the medulla oblongata near the midline within the medial longitudinal fasciculus. In the spinal cord, it descends in the anterior funiculus. It terminates by synapsing with interneurons of the intermediate zone and anterior grey column.

Red nucleus
The red nucleus or nucleus ruber is a structure in the rostral midbrain involved in motor coordination. The red nucleus is pale pink, which is believed to be due to the presence of iron in at least two different forms: hemoglobin and ferritin. The structure is located in the midbrain tegmentum next to the substantia nigra and comprises caudal magnocellular and rostral parvocellular components. The red nucleus and substantia nigra are subcortical centers of the extrapyramidal motor system.
Dhammalok Mahasthavir
Dhammalok Mahasthavir (Nepali: धम्मालोक महास्थविर) (born Das Ratna Tuladhar) (16 January 1890 – 17 October 1966) was a Nepalese Buddhist monk who worked to revive Theravada Buddhism in Nepal in the 1930s and 1940s. For this act, he was expelled from the country by the tyrannical Rana regime.

Dhammalok was also a writer who contributed to the Nepal Bhasa renaissance. He worked to promote Theravada Buddhism and Nepal Bhasa braving government persecution.

Nepal Bhasa renaissance
Nepal Bhasa renaissance (Nepal Bhasa: नेपालभाषा पुनर्जागरण) was the movement to revive and modernize the Nepal Bhasa language during the period 1909 to 1941. The movement was spontaneous and not orchestrated. However, the sum total of activities conducted during this era had a profound impact on the overall course of the language development.
Chincholi Wildlife Sanctuary
Chincholi Wildlife Sanctuary, located in the Chincholi taluka of kalaburagi district of Karnataka, is the first drylands wildlife sanctuary in South India. Spanning an area of 134.88 square kilometers, it is known for its rich biodiversity and unique ecosystem. The sanctuary features dry and moist deciduous forests, with plantations of teak, acacia, sandalwood, and red sanders. It also hosts medicinal herbs and trees.

The sanctuary is home to a variety of fauna, including blackbuck, striped hyena, Indian wolf, golden jackal, Bengal fox, and fruit bats. Bird enthusiasts can spot over 35 species of birds, such as the blue pigeon, black-winged kite, blossom-headed parakeet, and black drongo. Additionally, the sanctuary includes the Chandrampalli Dam and four smaller dams, which support the local ecosystem.

Pterocarpus santalinus
Pterocarpus santalinus, with the common names red sanders, red saunders, Yerra Chandanam, Chenchandanam, red sandalwood, Rakta Chandana, and rakto chandon, is a species of Pterocarpus endemic to the southern Eastern Ghats mountain range of  South India. It is known for its red colour and has been used for furniture, musical instruments, and traditional herbal medicine. Because of the high market value for its timber, the species has been overexploited, and illegal trade remains a problem. It is listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List. It should not be confused with the aromatic Santalum sandalwood trees native to southern India.
Morten Stræde
Morten Stræde (born 1956) is a Danish sculptor. He attended the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts from 1978 to 1985 and later became a professor there (1994–2002). Morten Stræde had his breakthrough in the 1980s; in his art he uses both organic as well as geometric styles. In 2011, he created three new urban spaces in the Nørrebro borough in Copenhagen.

Stræde was awarded the Premio Internazionale di scultura in 1999 and received the Eckersberg Medal in 2000. He has also received the Thorvaldsen Medal. In its appraisal of Stræde's work, the academy noted his ability to assess the history of the place and the physical location where his public art is to be displayed. An example mentioned by the jury is Ulisse which Stræde produced for the University of Aarhus.

Thorvaldsen Medal
The Thorvaldsen Medal (Danish: Thorvaldsens Medalje, Thorvaldsen Medaillen) is awarded annually with few exceptions to a varying number of recipients by the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts and is its highest distinction within the visual arts. It is named after the sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen.

The medal was founded in 1837 as the Exhibition Medal and awarded for talented works in the Charlottenborg Spring Exhibition in the Charlottenborg Palace. In 1866, it was renamed the Thorvaldsen Exhibition Medal (Danish: Thorvaldsenske Udstillings-Medaille), and from 1923 it has been known under its current name.
Eric Ramsay (football manager)
Eric Ramsay (born 2 August 1991) is a professional football coach and former player who was most recently the head coach of EFL Championship club West Bromwich Albion.

Born in England, he was captain of the Welsh national futsal team.

After a short period playing in the Cymru Premier, Ramsay began his coaching career in the academy of Swansea City before moving to Shrewsbury Town in 2017. He later spent two years working in the academy of Chelsea. In 2021, aged 29, he was appointed assistant first-team coach at Manchester United. He also had a brief coaching spell with the Wales national football team in 2023. In February 2024, he was appointed head coach of Major League Soccer club Minnesota United. In January 2026, Ramsay was appointed head coach of EFL Championship side West Bromwich Albion, but was dismissed on 24 February 2026 after going winless in nine matches.

Loughborough University
Loughborough University (abbreviated as Lough or Lboro for post-nominals) is a public research university in the market town of Loughborough, Leicestershire, England. It has been a university since 1966, but it dates back to 1909, when Loughborough Technical Institute was founded. In March 2013, the university announced it had bought the former broadcast centre at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park as a second campus. The annual income of the institution for 2024–25 was £386.2 million, of which £57.0 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £379.5 million. In 2024, Loughborough ranked ninth nationally for undergraduate education.
Cryptothecia austrocoreana
Cryptothecia austrocoreana is a species of crustose and corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Arthoniaceae. Found in South Korea, it was formally described as a new species in 2017 by Jung-Jae Woo, László Lőkös, Edit Farkas, and Jae-Seoun Hur. The type specimen was collected by the first author near Seonamsa (Suncheon, Jeollanam Province) at an altitude of 160 m (520 ft); here it was found growing on the bark of Meliosma myriantha. It also grows on the bark of Carpinus tschonoskii. The lichen is only known to occur at the type locality. The specific epithet austrocoreana refers to the southern part of South Korea.

Lichen products found in Cryptothecia austrocoreana include barbatic acid as a major constituent, minor amounts of atranorin, and trace amounts of chloroatranorin. Only six other species of genus Cryptothecia contain barbatic acid.

Chloroatranorin
Chloroatranorin is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C19H17ClO8.  It is a secondary metabolite produced by a variety of lichens and is a member of the depside class of compounds.  It was first isolated from the oakmoss Evernia prunastri and characterized in 1934. It is the most common chlorine-containing depside in lichens, and has been identified in dozens of lichen species.

It is a chlorinated derivative of atranorin and the two are frequently found together in the same source. Ramault and colleagues described an improved method to separate the two compounds using thin-layer chromatography.