hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Itinerarium
An itinerarium (plural: itineraria) was an ancient Roman travel guide in the form of a listing of cities, villages (vici) and other stops on the way, including the distances between each stop and the next. Surviving examples include the Antonine Itinerary and the Bordeaux Itinerary. The term later evolved to take on broader meanings (see later meanings below).

These text-based route descriptions were complemented by physical markers on the ground, such as the miliarium, or Roman milestone, which confirmed distances along the described route.

Vicus
In Ancient Rome, the Latin term vicus (plural vici) designated a village within a rural area (pagus) or the neighbourhood of a larger settlement. During the Republican era, the four regiones of the city of Rome were subdivided into vici. In the 1st century BC, Augustus reorganized the city for administrative purposes into 14 regions, comprising 265 vici. Each vicus had its own board of officials who oversaw local matters. These administrative divisions are recorded as still in effect at least until the mid-4th century.

The word "vicus" was also applied to the smallest administrative unit of a provincial town within the Roman Empire, referring to an ad hoc provincial civilian settlement that sprang up close to and because of a nearby military fort or state-owned mining operation.
Mississippi Highway 304
Mississippi Highway 304 (MS 304) is an east-west state highway in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Mississippi, running for 40.4 miles (65.0 km) as a four-lane freeway from U.S. Route 61 (US 61) in Tunica Resorts to the Tennessee state line near Collierville. It is mostly concurrent with Interstate 69 (I-69) and Interstate 269 (I-269).

Banks, Mississippi
Banks is a small, unincorporated community farming community in northeastern Tunica County, Mississippi, United States. It lies at the intersection of Mississippi Highway 3 and Mississippi Highway 713, several miles east of Tunica Resorts.

Ransom Byrnes first owned the land in 1877.  Banks is named after Richard McPherson Banks, who founded the community in 1900.

The Canadian National Railway, formerly Illinois Central Railroad, passes through Banks.

Banks is also home to T.E. Swindoll & Company, a family owned farm.
Myanmaranthus
Myanmaranthus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Marantaceae. It includes a single species, Myanmaranthus roseiflorus, which endemic to Myanmar and known only from a single location in Kachin State. It is an herbaceous plant up to 2.5 meters tall which grows from a rhizome, with pink flowers.

The plant was collected in the buffer zone of Hkakaborazi National Park, growing in a disturbed roadside area through primary subtropical moist evergreen forest at 568 metres elevation.

The genus and species were described in 2022. Myanmaranthus is most closely related to genus Phrynium, but differs in having a rosulate habit, a loose paniculate inflorescence arising from the rhizome, an absence of interphylls and bracteoles, and fertile bracts that each hold a single pink flower.

Hkakaborazi National Park
Hkakaborazi National Park is a national park in northern Myanmar with an area of 1,472 mi2 (3,810 km2). It was established in 1998.
It surrounds Hkakabo Razi, the highest mountain in the country.

It ranges in elevation from 2,950 to 18,730 ft (900 to 5,710 m) comprising evergreen forest and mixed deciduous forests in Nogmung Township, Kachin State. It is managed by the Nature and Wildlife Conservation Division.
It is contiguous with Bumhpa Bum Wildlife Sanctuary and Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary. These protected areas together with Hponkanrazi Wildlife Sanctuary comprise the largest continuous expanse of natural forest called the Northern Forest Complex stretching over an area of 11,624 mi2 (30,110 km2). Its objective is to conserve the biodiversity of the Ayeyarwady and Chindwin river basins.
Vitula laura
Vitula laura is a species of snout moth in the genus Vitula. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1919. It is found in Guatemala.

The wingspan is about 20 mm. The forewings are dark purplish gray and the costal area is white. The hindwings are glossy smoky brown, but the veins and terminal margin are darker.

Harrison Gray Dyar Jr.
Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. (February 14, 1866 – January 21, 1929) was an American entomologist. Dyar's Law, a pattern of geometric progression in the growth of insect parts, is named after him. He was also noted for eccentric pursuits which included digging tunnels under his home. He had a complicated personal life and along with his second wife he adopted the Baháʼí Faith.
Bolitoglossa mombachoensis
Bolitoglossa mombachoensis (Spanish: Salamandra De Mombacho) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is commonly known in English as the Mombacho salamander.

It is endemic to Nicaragua. This species is known only from Volcán Mombacho, Granada Department, at 950–1,250m above sea level. It might occur on other volcanoes in south-western Nicaragua.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and heavily degraded former forest.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

Mombacho
Mombacho is a stratovolcano in Nicaragua, near the city of Granada. It is 1,344 metres (4,409 ft) high. The Mombacho Volcano Nature Reserve is one of 78 protected areas of Nicaragua. Mombacho’s last eruption occurred in 1570. There is no historical knowledge of earlier eruptions.

The highest regions of the volcano are home to a cloud forest and dwarf forest, which contain flora and fauna  endemic purely to the volcano. An increasingly popular tourist attraction, the volcano has views of Lake Nicaragua and the city of Granada. The volcano also has two hiking trails, a moderate one that circles the main crater, and another, more difficult trail (El Puma), which must be led by a guide.  The more difficult trail is the only way to see some features such as the dwarf forest.  The trail is almost completely 45° inclines and declines for about two miles.

More than 700 different plants are registered around Mombacho, including many species of orchids.
Gottardo Aldighieri
Gottardo Aldighieri (6 January 1824 – 11 May 1906) was an Italian operatic baritone who had a major opera career in Italy from 1858 to 1885. He possessed a powerful and beautiful voice and appeared on the stages of most of Italy's great opera houses. He sang a broad repertoire which encompassed works by Italian, French, and German composers. His vocal range was wide, which enabled him to tackle some tenor roles during his career, although he mostly stayed within the baritone repertory. The composer Luigi Arditi devoted his famous waltz song, Il bacio, to him. He was married to the soprano Maria Spezia-Aldighieri, who also had an important opera career in Italy. He is the great grandfather of singer George Aaron.

Vocal range
Vocal range is the range of pitches that a human voice can phonate. A common application is within the context of singing, where it is used as a defining characteristic for classifying singing voices into voice types. It is also a topic of study within linguistics, phonetics, and speech-language pathology, particularly in relation to the study of tonal languages and certain types of vocal disorders, although it has little practical application in terms of speech.
Perin Chandra
Perin Bharucha Chandra (2 October 1918, – 7 January 2015) was an Indian author, communist, freedom fighter and peace activist. She played an integral role in promoting peace and peaceful conflict resolution throughout the Cold War era. She was born in Chaman, Balochistan (which used to be part of British India, but is now Pakistan) to a Parsi family. Her father was Lt. Colonel Phiroze Byramji Bharucha, a British Indian Army Doctor and later Surgeon General of Lahore. A believer in Scientific Socialism, she married (and later divorced) Romesh Chandra, a former chairman of the World Peace Council. Her son, Pheroze, is a journalist and her daughter-in-law, Chandita Mukherjee is a documentary filmmaker and activist.

Chaman
Chaman (Urdu: چمن) is the capital city of the Chaman District in Balochistan, Pakistan. It is located near the Afghanistan-Pakistan border. The city is situated south of the Wesh–Chaman border crossing with the neighbouring Kandahar province of Afghanistan.
Unearthing
Unearthing is an essay written by Alan Moore and originally published in Iain Sinclair's London: City of Disappearances in 2006. It has subsequently been developed into a photographic book in collaboration with Mitch Jenkins and a spoken word piece in collaboration with Crook&Flail. The spoken word version is 2:01:07 in length and was released by Lex Records.

Unearthing follows the life of Alan Moore's friend and colleague Steve Moore. In an interview with The Quietus in 2010, Alan Moore described the work:

...more of a human excavation than the excavation of a place, but because Steve Moore has lived his entire life in one house on top of Shooter's Hill and he currently sleeps no more than four paces from the spot where he was born, it does become a work of psychogeography as well.

The Quietus
The Quietus is a British online music and pop culture magazine founded by John Doran and Luke Turner. The site is an editorially independent publication led by Doran with a group of freelance journalists and critics.
Margaret Fay Shaw
Margaret Fay Shaw (9 November 1903 – 11 December 2004) was a pioneering Scottish-American ethnomusicologist, photographer, folklorist, and scholar of Celtic studies. She is best known for her meticulous work as a folk song and folklore collector among Scottish Gaelic-speakers in the Hebrides, Canadian Gaelic-speaking communities in Nova Scotia, and among Connaught Irish speakers in the Aran Islands. Along with her husband, literary scholar John Lorne Campbell, Shaw helped lay the foundation for both the modern Scottish Gaelic Renaissance and heritage language revival using Scottish Gaelic-medium education.

Celtic studies
Celtic studies or Celtology is the academic discipline occupied with the study of any sort of cultural output relating to the Celtic-speaking peoples (i.e. speakers of Celtic languages). This ranges from linguistics, literature and art history, archaeology and history, the focus lying on the study of the various Celtic languages, living and extinct. The primary areas of focus are the six Celtic languages currently in use: Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Manx, Welsh, Cornish, and Breton.

As a university subject, it is taught at a number of universities, most of them in Ireland, the United Kingdom, or France, but also in the United States, Canada, Australia, Germany, Poland, Austria and the Netherlands.
Los Angeles Park Ranger Division
The City of Los Angeles Park Ranger Division, LA Park Rangers or L.A. Park Rangers, is a park ranger division serving city parks in Los Angeles, California. The headquarters of the LA Park Rangers is located at the Griffith Park visitor center. The division is a specialized agency controlled by the Department of Parks and Recreation and employs Park Rangers who are sworn peace officers under 830.31 of the California Penal Code.

Park ranger
A ranger, park ranger, park warden, field ranger, or forest ranger is a person entrusted with protecting and preserving parklands and protected areas – private, national, state, provincial, or local parks. Their duties include (but are not limited to) law enforcement, wildlife and land management, community engagement and education, recreation area maintenance, and firefighting. Rangers monitor wildlife, remove snares, confront and arrest poachers, identify and remove invasive species, and much more.
Fiebrigiella
Fiebrigiella gracilis is a species of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is the only member of the genus Fiebrigiella. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade of the Dalbergieae. It is a subshrub native to Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.

The genus Fiebrigiella was named in honor of German-Paraguayan botanist Karl August Gustav Fiebrig.

Faboideae
The Faboideae are a subfamily of the flowering plant family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. An acceptable alternative name for the subfamily is Papilionoideae, or Papilionaceae when this group of plants is treated as a family.

Members include the pea, the sweet pea, the laburnum, and other legumes. The pea-shaped flowers are characteristic of the Faboideae subfamily and root nodulation is very common. The papilionaceous species vary enormously in size from the tiny Lupinus uncialis only 2 cm in height to Pterocarpus mildbraedii subsp. usumbarensis at up to 75 m (246 ft) height.
Indian locomotive class WDM-3D
The Indian locomotive class WDM-3D is a class of diesel–electric locomotive that was developed in 2003 by Banaras Locomotive Works (BLW), Varanasi for Indian Railways. The model name stands for broad gauge (W), Diesel (D), Mixed traffic (M) engine with 3300 horsepower (3D). The engine is classified WDM-3D though it outputs only 3300 hp and not 3400 hp as the name should suggest. They entered service in 2003. A total of 490+ WDM-3D were built at Banaras Locomotive Works (BLW), Varanasi between 2003 and 2016.

The WDM-3D is one of the most successful locomotives of Indian Railways serving both passenger and freight trains. A few WDM-3D units were exported or gifted to neighboring countries like Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. A significant number of these locomotives are still in use, both on mainline and departmental duties. As of February 2026, 371 locomotives retain "operational status" on the mainline as WDM-3D, with further examples having been converted from WDM-3B.

5 ft 6 in gauge railway
5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm), also known as the Indian gauge is a broad track gauge, used in India, Pakistan, western Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Argentina, Chile, and on BART (San Francisco Bay Area).

In North America, it is called Indian, Provincial, Portland, or Texas gauge (or in the San Francisco Bay Area region of California, BART gauge). In Argentina and Chile, it is known as "trocha ancha" (Spanish for "broad gauge"). In the Indian subcontinent it is simply known as "broad gauge". It is the widest gauge in use of heavy-duty mainline railways in the world.
Hyōgen no jiyū senshi
Hyōgen no jiyū senshi (表現の自由戦士, lit. 'Freedom of expression warrior') are netizens in Japan who defend freedom of expression with anti-feminism, anti-left, pro-otaku, pro-pornography ideological leanings.

Netizen
The term netizen is a portmanteau of the English words internet and citizen, as in a "citizen of the net" or "net citizen." It describes a person actively involved in online communities or the Internet in general.

The term also commonly implies an interest and active engagement in improving the internet, making it an intellectual and a social resource, or its surrounding political structures, especially in regard to open access, net neutrality and free speech. The term was widely adopted in the mid-1990s as a way to describe those who inhabit the new geography of the internet. Internet pioneer and author Michael F. Hauben is credited with coining and popularizing the term.
Guagno
Guagno is a commune in the Corse-du-Sud department in France on the island of Corsica.

The river Guagno, also called the Fiume Grosso, flows through the commune from east to west. It is a tributary of the Liamone.

Liamone (river)
The Liamone (French pronunciation: [ljamɔn]; Corsican: Liamonu; Latin: Circidius) river is a river of Corsica, France. 
The river gave its name to the former French department of Liamone. 
In antiquity, it bore the Latin name Circidius.
John O'Brien (hurler)
John O'Brien (born 3 January 1982) is an Irish hurler who played as a centre-forward for the Tipperary senior team.

Born in Toomevara, County Tipperary, O'Brien first arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of seventeen when he first linked up with the Tipperary minor team, before later joining the under-21 side. He made his senior debut during the 2001 league. O'Brien went on to enjoy a lengthy career, and won two All-Ireland medals, five Munster medals and one National Hurling League medals. He was an All-Ireland runner-up on three occasions.

At club level O'Brien is a two-time Munster medallist with Toomevara. In addition to this he has also won seven championship medals and three county final Man of the Match awards.

His brother, Paddy O'Brien, is also an All-Ireland medallist with Tipperary.

Throughout his career O'Brien made 36 championship appearances. He announced his retirement from inter-county hurling on 26 November 2014.

Toomevara
Toomevara, officially Toomyvara (Irish: Tuaim Uí Mheára, meaning 'tumulus of the Ó Meadhra's'), is a village in County Tipperary, Ireland, 11 km east of Nenagh. It is a parish in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Killaloe, and is in the historical barony of Ormond Upper.
Eye of Providence (album)
Eye of Providence is the fourth studio album by Canadian metal band The Agonist. It was released on February 23, 2015 in Europe and the following day in North America. It is the first full-length album featuring vocalist Vicky Psarakis since the departure of founding member and original vocalist Alissa White-Gluz in 2014. The album received general acclaim from critics, with many applauding the utilization of Psarakis' vocals and her distinction from White-Gluz.

Alissa White-Gluz
Alissa White-Gluz (/əˈliːsə ˈɡlʌz/; born 31 July 1985), known professionally as Alissa (commonly styled in all caps), is a Canadian singer, best known as the former lead vocalist of the Swedish melodic death metal band Arch Enemy, and former lead vocalist and founding member of the Canadian metalcore band The Agonist. Her vocal style includes both growling and clean singing. Although primarily associated with melodic death metal and metalcore, she has appeared as a guest vocalist for power metal, symphonic metal and deathcore bands, notably Kamelot, Delain, Carnifex and Powerwolf, and has performed live with Nightwish and Tarja Turunen.
Roslee Daud
Roslee bin Daud is a Malaysian politician who served as Member of the Terengganu State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Barisan Nasional (BN) state administration under former Menteris Besar Ahmad Said and Ahmad Razif Abdul Rahman from May 2013 to the collapse of the BN state administration in May 2018 and Member of the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Bukit Besi from May 2013 to August 2023. He is a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the BN coalition.

Terengganu State Legislative Assembly
The Terengganu State Legislative Assembly (Malay: Dewan Undangan Negeri Terengganu) is the unicameral state legislature of the Malaysian state of Terengganu. It consists of 32 members representing single-member constituencies throughout the state. Elections are held no more than five years apart, and are customarily held alongside elections to the federal parliament during a general election.

The State Assembly convenes at the Wisma Darul Iman in the state capital, Kuala Terengganu.

All 32 seats are held by the Perikatan Nasional (PN) ruling coalition after the 2023 state election, effectively making it a one-party state. Within the coalition, the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) holds 27 seats while the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU) holds 5 seats. The PN coalition  commands a supermajority in the assembly.
Fraxinus gooddingii
Fraxinus gooddingii, the  Tiburón ash or Goodding's ash, is a tree native to Sonora and southern Arizona. It is reported from Cochise and Santa Cruz Counties in Arizona, and from numerous locations in Sonora (including Isla Tiburón, Shark Island in the Gulf of California).

Cochise County, Arizona
Cochise County (/koʊˈtʃiːs/ koh-CHEESS) is a county in the southeastern corner of the U.S. state of Arizona. It is named after Cochise, a Chiricahua Apache, who was a key war leader during the Apache Wars.

Its population was 125,447 at the 2020 census. The county seat is Bisbee and the most populous city is Sierra Vista.

Cochise County includes the Sierra Vista-Douglas, Arizona metropolitan statistical area. The county borders southwestern New Mexico and the northwestern Mexican state of Sonora.
Live: Meadowbrook, Rochester, Michigan – 12th September 1971
Funkadelic Live: Meadowbrook, Rochester, Michigan 12th September 1971  is a 1996 live release featuring the only official in-concert recording from early in the career of Funkadelic. Westbound Records owner Armen Boladian had decided to record the show without the band's prior notice, for a possible official live album release. Boladian then decided not to go forward with the project. The soundboard recording resided with engineer Ed Wolfram until being unearthed in 1996. The album contains the entire live performance of September 12, 1971, minus approximately three minutes of between-song chatter.

Bridgeport Music
Bridgeport Music is a music publishing company founded in Michigan by Armen Boladian in 1969. It controls the copyrights to recordings by George Clinton and Funkadelic. Bridgeport Music has filed lawsuits for copyright infringement via sampling against hundreds of defendants under the federal copyright statute, 17 U.S.C., leading to them to being often described as a "Sample troll". Among others, Bridgeport has sued for sampling infringements in popular music produced by Public Enemy, N.W.A, Jay-Z and The Notorious B.I.G. - a case in which the jury awarded Bridgeport more than $4 million in damages.
John Dufresne
John Dufresne (born January 30, 1948) is an American author of French Canadian descent born in Worcester, Massachusetts. He graduated from Worcester State College in 1970 and the University of Arkansas in 1984. He is a professor in the Master of Fine Arts Creative Writing program of the English Department at Florida International University. In 2012, he won a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship for his work.

Grand Valley State University
Grand Valley State University (GVSU, GV, or Grand Valley) is a public university in Allendale, Michigan, United States. It was established in 1960 as Grand Valley State College. Its main campus is situated on 1,322 acres (5.35 km2) approximately 12 miles (19 km) west of Grand Rapids. The university also features campuses in Grand Rapids and Holland and regional centers in Battle Creek, Detroit, Muskegon, and Traverse City.

GVSU enrolled more than 22,000 students as of fall 2025 from 82 of 83 Michigan counties and dozens of other states and foreign countries. It employed nearly 4,000 people, with about 1,800 faculty and 2,000 staff. The university has alumni from 50 U.S. states, Canada, and 25 other countries.

GVSU's NCAA Division II sports teams are the Lakers and they compete in the Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (GLIAC) in all 20 intercollegiate varsity sports. They have won 31 NCAA Division II National Championships.
Grave Peril
Grave Peril is a 2001 urban fantasy novel by author Jim Butcher. It is the third novel in The Dresden Files, which follows the character of Harry Dresden, present-day Chicago's only professional wizard.

Magician (fantasy)
A magician, also known as an archmage, mage, magus, magic-user, spellcaster, enchanter/enchantress, sorcerer/sorceress, warlock, witch, or wizard, is someone who uses or practices magic derived from supernatural, occult, or arcane sources.: 54  Magicians enjoy a rich history in mythology, legends, fiction, and folklore, and are common figures in works of fantasy, such as fantasy literature and role-playing games.