hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
National Communication Authority (South Sudan)
The National Communication Authority is the national regulatory body responsible for managing the telecommunications, broadcasting, information and communications technology (ICT), and postal services sectors in the Republic of South Sudan. It operates under the mandate of the National Communication Act, 2012 and was officially launched in June 2015.

On Tuesday, May 13, 2025, Gieth Kon Mathiang Kun assumed the role of the Director General of the agency, a day after his appointment, through a Republic Decree to replace his predecessor, Adok Napoleon.

Regulatory agency
A regulatory agency (regulatory body, regulator) or independent agency (independent regulatory agency) is a government authority that is responsible for exercising autonomous jurisdiction over some area of human activity in a licensing and regulating capacity. Examples of responsibilities include strengthening safety and standards, and/or to protect consumers in markets where there is a lack of effective competition. Examples of regulatory agencies that enforce standards include the Food and Drug Administration in the United States and the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency in the United Kingdom; and, in the case of economic regulation, the Office of Gas and Electricity Markets and the Telecom Regulatory Authority in India.
Spiritwood, North Dakota
Spiritwood is a census-designated place (CDP) in eastern Stutsman County, North Dakota, United States. An unincorporated community, it was designated as part of the U.S. Census Bureau's Participant Statistical Areas Program on March 31, 2010. It was not counted separately during the 2000 census, but was included in the 2010 census, where a population of 18 was reported.

It lies east of the city of Jamestown, the county seat of Stutsman County. Although it is unincorporated community, it has a post office, with the ZIP code 58481.

Jamestown, North Dakota
Jamestown is a city in and the county seat of Stutsman County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 15,849 at the 2020 census, making it the ninth most populous city in North Dakota. Jamestown was founded in 1883 and is home to the University of Jamestown.
Ning Menghua
Ning Menghua (Chinese: 宁梦华; born November 8, 1973, in Jianjialong, Shaodong county) is a Chinese sprint canoeist who competed in the early to mid-1990s. She won a bronze medal in the K-4 500 m event at the 1991 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Paris.

Ning competed in two Olympic Games, she finished 5th at K-4 500 m, 7th at K-2 500 m in 1992 Barcelona Olympics; 8th at K-2 500 m in 1996 Atlanta Olympics. She also won the gold medalist at K-4 500 m in 1990 Beijing Asian Games. As a canoeing player, Ning competed in international games, including the World Championship, World Cup, invitational tournament and domestic competitions, she won 11 gold medalists, 9 silver medalists and 9 bronze medalists. Ning received many honors, He was awarded the Pace-setters of the New Long March of Hunan and National Woman Pace-setter in 1991. Currently Ning serves as a water sports coach in Wuhan Sports University.

1991 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1991 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Paris, France from 21 to 25 August 1991.

The men's competition consisted of eight Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Five events were held for the women, all in kayak. This was the first championship with a unified German team for the first time since 1938 following separate East German and West German teams that competed from 1950 to 1990.

This was the 24th championships in canoe sprint.
Taimyr–Central Siberian tundra
The Taimyr-Central Siberian tundra ecoregion (WWF ID: PA1111) is an ecoregion that broadly covers the Taymyr Peninsula in the Russian Far North. It ranges from the delta of the Yenisei River in the west, across the Taymyr Peninsula and Khatanga Gulf, to the Lena River delta in the east. The region is an important area for breeding birds. It is in the Palearctic realm in the tundra biome, and is mostly located in Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai. It has an area of 954,670 square kilometres (368,600 sq mi).

Krasnoyarsk Krai
Krasnoyarsk Krai is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia located in Siberia. Its administrative center is the city of Krasnoyarsk, the second-largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk. Comprising half of the Siberian Federal District, Krasnoyarsk Krai is the largest krai in Russia, the second-largest federal subject in the country after neighboring Sakha, and the third-largest country subdivision by area in the world. The krai covers an area of 2,366,797 square kilometers (913,825 sq mi), constituting roughly 13% of Russia's total area. Krasnoyarsk Krai has a population of 2,856,971 as of the 2021 census.
The Dictator (soundtrack)
Music from the Motion Picture The Dictator is the soundtrack to Larry Charles's 2012 film The Dictator. It was released on May 8, 2012 via (the fictional) Aladeen Records. The majority of the songs are sung in Wadiyan despite it being a fictional language; however, it is closely associated with the German, Hungarian, and Arabic languages.

Primarily produced by Erran Baron Cohen, Peter Amato, George Drakoulias and Robert Berry, the album features contributions from film star Admiral General Aladeen, along with Jalal el Hamdaoui, Ali Hassan Kuban, Khaled, Omar Fadel and Souad Massi among others.

Robert Berry
Robert Berry is an American guitarist, bassist, vocalist and record producer, best known for his work with Hush, 3 with Keith Emerson and Carl Palmer, Ambrosia, Alliance, and Los Tres Gusanos.  He was previously with The Greg Kihn Band, and as of 2022, he is with progressive band Six By Six on bass, vocals and keyboards, a supergroup with guitarist Ian Crichton (Saga) and drummer Nigel Glockler (Saxon, GTR).
Thessaloniki–Alexandroupolis railway
The Thessaloniki–Alexandroupolis railway is an about 440 km (270 mi) long railway in northern Greece connecting the Central Macedonian city of Thessaloniki with Alexandroupolis in Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, via Serres. There is a connection towards Sofia at the Strymonas station. This railway was built in 1896 by The Compagnie du Chemin de Fer Ottoman Jonction Salonique-Constantinople (JSC).

Currently (2004), the line is used exclusively for freight transport, with the exception of one round trip between Thessaloniki and Drama as well as special services, the extension from Alexandroupolis to Ormenio is still in use, with replacement buses connecting Drama to Alexandroupolis.

Eastern Macedonia and Thrace
Eastern Macedonia and Thrace (/ˌmæsəˈdoʊniə/ MASS-ə-DOH-nee-ə; Greek: Ανατολική Μακεδονία και Θράκη, romanized: Anatolikí Makedonía ke Thráki, [anatoliˈci maceðoˈnia ce ˈθraci]) is one of the thirteen administrative regions of Greece. It consists of the northeastern parts of the country, comprising the eastern part of the region of Macedonia along with the region of Western Thrace, and the islands of Thasos and Samothrace.
Valea Lupului minibus train collision
The Iași train accident occurred on September 8, 2013 at 15:00 local time (UTC+3) when 11 people died, including a 14-year-old boy after a collision between a Volkswagen Sharan minibus and a train in Iași County, Romania.

Iași County
Iași County (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈjaʃʲ]) is a county (județ) of Romania, in Western Moldavia, with the administrative seat at Iași. It is the most populous county in Romania, after the Municipality of Bucharest (which has the same administrative level as that of a county).
Meshir 3
Meshir 2 – Coptic calendar – Meshir 4

The third day of the Coptic month of Meshir, the sixth month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to January 28, of the Julian calendar, and February 10, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Shemu, the season of the Harvest.

Meshir
Meshir (Coptic: Ⲙⲉϣⲓⲣ), also known as Mechir or Mecheir (Ancient Greek: Μεχίρ, Mekhír) and Amshir (Egyptian Arabic: أمشير [ʔæmˈʃiːɾ]), is the sixth month of the ancient Egyptian and Coptic calendars. It lies between February 8 and March 9 of the Gregorian calendar.

The month of Meshir is also the second month of the Season of Proyet (Growth and Emergence) in ancient Egypt, when the Nile floods recede and the crops start to grow throughout the land of Egypt.
2007–08 in Swiss football
The following is a summary of the 2007–08 season of competitive football in Switzerland.

Statistics of the Swiss Super League for the 2007–08 football season.

Statistics of the Swiss Challenge League for the 2007–08 football season.

Statistics of the Swiss 1. Liga for the 2007–08 football season.

Statistics of the 2. Liga Interregional for the 2007–08 football season.

Statistics of the Swiss Cup for the 2007–08 football season.

2008–09 Swiss Challenge League
The 2008–09 Swiss Challenge League was the sixth season of the Swiss Challenge League, the second tier of the Swiss football league pyramid. It began on 25 July 2008 and ended on 30 May 2009. The champions of this season, FC St. Gallen, earned promotion to the 2009–10 Super League. The two teams, FC Concordia Basel and FC La Chaux-de-Fonds, were administratively relegated to the 1. Liga due to the financial reasons.
2025 India Open
The 2025 India Open, officially known as the Yonex Sunrise India Open 2025 for sponsorship reasons, was a badminton tournament that took place at the K. D. Jadhav Indoor Stadium, New Delhi, India, from 14 to 19 January 2025. Contestants competed for prizes up to US$950,000.

Badminton Association of India
Badminton Association of India, is the governing body of badminton in India. The association, which was formed in 1934, is registered under the societies act. The body has been hosting annual national-level badminton tournaments in India since 1936.

BAI has 28 state members that conduct badminton tournaments and have a two-times voting power compared to the affiliate members, who do not conduct tournaments and have a single vote in the association. It is headquartered in New Delhi, India.
Vincent Della Noce
Vincent Della Noce (born 18 November 1943 in Italy) was a member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was a businessman by career.

He represented the Quebec riding of Duvernay where he was first elected in the 1984 federal election and re-elected in 1988, therefore becoming a member in the 33rd and 34th Canadian Parliaments. He was a member of the Progressive Conservative party.

After the riding name was changed to Laval East, Della Noce was defeated in the 1993 federal election by Maud Debien of the Bloc Québécois. He made another unsuccessful attempt to regain the electoral district in the 1997 federal election.

34th Canadian Parliament
The 34th Canadian Parliament was in session from December 12, 1988, until September 8, 1993.  The membership was set by the 1988 federal election on November 21, 1988, and it changed only somewhat due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 1993 election.

There were three sessions of the 34th Parliament:
Manuport
A manuport is a natural object that has been deliberately taken from its original environment and relocated without further modification. Typically moved by human hand, some manuports are the result of other hominins. Common manuports include stones, seashells and fossils, which has led archaeologists and anthropologists to conclude they must have been chosen for their beauty. This recognition of an object’s aesthetic character suggests that certain manuports represent some of the earliest examples of art.

Before Present
Before Present (BP) or "years before present (YBP)" is a time scale used mainly in archaeology, geology, and other scientific disciplines to specify when events occurred relative to the origin of practical radiocarbon dating in the 1950s. Because the "present" time changes, standard practice is to use 1 January 1950 as the commencement date (epoch) of the age scale, with 1950 being labelled as the "standard year". The abbreviation "BP" has been interpreted retrospectively as "Before Physics", which refers to the time before nuclear weapons testing artificially altered the proportion of the carbon isotopes in the atmosphere, which scientists must account for when using radiocarbon dating for dates of origin that may fall after this year.

In a convention that is not always observed, many sources restrict the use of BP dates to those produced with radiocarbon dating; the alternative notation "RCYBP" stands for the explicit "radio carbon years before present".
Excalibur (automobile)
The Excalibur automobile is a car styled after the 1928 Mercedes-Benz SSK by Brooks Stevens for Studebaker. Stevens subsequently formed a company to manufacture and market the cars, which were a standard Studebaker chassis with special bodywork (and soon got an upgraded engine as well). The Excalibur has a Neoclassic design, a term used to designate automobiles produced in the 1960s–1990s in the elegant and prestigious style cars of the 1920s and 1930s. Zimmer and Tiffany are two additional examples of Neoclassic design.

Mercedes-Benz SSK
The Mercedes-Benz SSK (W06) is a roadster built by German automobile manufacturer Mercedes-Benz between 1928 and 1932. The name is an abbreviation of Super Sport Kurz, German for "Super Sport Short", as it was a short wheelbase development of the Mercedes-Benz Modell S. The SSK's performance and numerous competitive successes made it one of the most highly regarded sports cars of its era.
Alyemda
Alyemda (Arabic: اليمدا -  al-Yamdā), internationally known as Democratic Yemen Airlines or just Yemen Airlines, was the national airline of South Yemen. It was established at Aden on 11 March 1971 after nationalizing Brothers Air Services (BASCO) which was a private company owned by the Baharoon brothers. It operated a network of flight routes throughout Africa and the Middle East, with its hub at Aden Airport, the former Khormaksar Air Force Base. Its head office was in the Alyemda Building in Khormaksar, Aden.

Mukalla
Mukalla, officially the Mukalla City District, is a seaport and the capital city district of Yemen's largest governorate, Hadhramaut. The city is in the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula on the Gulf of Aden, on the shores of the Arabian Sea, about 480 kilometres (300 miles) east of Aden. It is the most important port city in the Hadhramaut region. It is also the sixth-largest city in Yemen, with a population of approximately 595,000 as of 2023. The city is served by the nearby Riyan International Airport.
William Laidley
William Laidley (28 September 1828 – 14 February 1897) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Sydney to James Laidley, Deputy Commissary-General, and Eliza Jane Shephard. He worked for the Commonwealth Bank, owned a shipping firm, and was also a squatter on the Darling Downs. On 18 April 1853 he married Jane Atkinson, with whom he had five children. Laidley's company ran the first steamship service from Sydney to San Francisco. In 1889 he was appointed to the New South Wales Legislative Council, where he served until his death in Sydney in 1897.

Squatting (Australian history)
In the history of Australia, squatting was the act of occupying tracts of Crown land, typically to graze livestock. Though most squatters initially held no legal rights to the land they occupied, the majority were gradually recognised by successive colonial authorities as the legitimate owners of the land due to being among the first (and often only) white settlers in their area. The term squattocracy, a play on aristocracy, was coined to refer to squatters as a social class and the immense sociopolitical power they possessed.
El Gran Show season 11
Reyes del Show (English: Show Kings) is the season three of the 2013 edition of El Gran Show premiered on November 9, 2013.

This season the 11 golden palette returned. In addition, there was a change in the mechanics of elimination: two couples were sentenced and during the same gala the duel was held, the public had 10 minutes to vote, the less voted party was eliminated. There was also a change in the danceathon, being of immediate elimination, until there is only one winning couple.

On December 21, 2013, actress Carolina Cano and Eduardo Pastrana were crowned champions, model & reality TV star Gino Pesaressi and Jacqueline Alfaro finished second, while actress & model Emilia Drago and Sergio Lois finished third.

Mambo (dance)
Mambo is a Latin dance of Cuba which was developed in the 1940s when the music genre of the same name became popular throughout Latin America. The original ballroom dance which emerged in Cuba and Mexico was related to the danzón, albeit faster and less rigid. In the United States, it replaced rhumba as the most fashionable Latin dance. Later on, with the advent of salsa and its more sophisticated dance, a new type of mambo dance including breaking steps was popularized in New York. This form received the name of "salsa on 2", "mambo on 2" or "modern mambo".
Nahema Hanafi
Nahema Hanafi (Fontainebleau, 4 July 1983) is a French historian and a lecturer in modern and contemporary history at the University of Angers. She is interested in the history of epistolary practices and self-narratives, the history of medicine, women's place in history, and gender studies. She is co-editor of the journal Histoire, médecine et santé, and is the director of the master's degree in gender studies co-accredited by the University of Angers, University of Western Brittany, Le Mans University, University of Nantes, and Rennes 2 University. Hanafi is a Sigerist prize laureate.

University of Western Brittany
The University of Western Brittany (French: Université de Bretagne-Occidentale; UBO) is a French university, located in Brest, in the Academy of Rennes. On a national scale, in terms of graduate employability, the university oscillates between 18th and 53rd out of 69 universities depending on fields of study. Overall, the university is ranked 12th out of 76 universities in France.
Bowley
Bowley is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arthur Lyon Bowley (1869–1957), English statistician and economist

Flora Juliet Bowley (1881–1966), American actress

Frederick Bowley (Worcestershire cricketer) (1873–1943), English cricketer

Hannah Bowley (born 1984), Australian basketball player

James E. Bowley, American academic

Marian Bowley (1911–2002), economist and historian of economic thought

Ted Bowley (1890–1974), cricketer who played for Sussex and England

Will Bowley (born 1984), English rugby player

Hannah Bowley
Hannah Bowley (born 29 January 1984) is an Australian basketball player from South Australia, where she played junior basketball.  She has played in the WNBL for two teams, the Perth Lynx and the Canberra Capitals.  She has also played in the SEABL and the ABA.
Luzula campestris
Luzula campestris, commonly known as field wood-rush or Good Friday grass  is a flowering plant in the rush family Juncaceae. It is also one of the plants known as chimney sweeps  or sweep's broom because of the brush-like appearance of their flowers. This is a very common plant throughout temperate Europe extending to the Caucasus. This species of Luzula is found on all types of native grasslands, and cultivated areas such as lawns, golf-course greens and fields.

Juncaceae
Juncaceae is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the rush family.  It consists of 7 genera and about 464 known species  of slow-growing, rhizomatous, herbaceous monocotyledonous plants that may superficially resemble grasses and sedges. They often grow on infertile soils in a wide range of moisture conditions. The best-known and largest genus is Juncus. Most of the Juncus species grow exclusively in wetland habitats. A few rushes, such as Juncus bufonius are annuals, but most are perennials. Despite the apparent similarity, Juncaceae are not counted among the plants with the vernacular name bulrush.
Ouled Hamla
Ouled Hamla (Arabic: أولاد حملة) is a town located in Aïn M'Lila District, Oum El Bouaghi Province, Algeria.

Bordered on the north-west by the municipality of Teleghma (Mila Province), the commune Souk Naamane to the south-west, the municipality of El Khroub (Constantine Province) to the north-east, and by Aïn M'lila to the south-east. The commune of Ouled Hamla covers an area of 152 km2. The population is estimated at 11,546 inhabitants, or a density of 75.96 inhabitants per km2.

The main crops have been maintained over the centuries, including cereals such as wheat and barley. Other important agricultural products include potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, carrots, and other vegetables.

Communes of Algeria
The communes of Algeria (Arabic: بلدية (singular)), also known as municipalities, form the third level of administrative subdivisions of Algeria. As of 2002, there were 1,541 municipalities in the country. The municipalities are also known as communes (baladiyahs).
Naoki Mori (virologist)
Naoki Mori (森 直樹, Mori Naoki) is a Japanese virologist who is a professor at the University of the Ryukyus in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. He has received numerous awards for his research on human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), a retrovirus which causes adult T-cell leukemia.

University of the Ryukyus
The University of the Ryukyus (琉球大学, Ryūkyū Daigaku), abbreviated to  Ryūdai (琉大), is a Japanese national university in Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan. Established in 1950, it is the westernmost national university of Japan and the largest public university in Okinawa Prefecture. Located in the Senbaru neighborhood of the town of Nishihara, its campus borders both the village of Nakagusuku and the city of Ginowan.
Djinaki
Dijinaki or Dijinaky is a small town and rural commune in the Bignona Department of the Ziguinchor Region of southwestern Senegal. In 2002 the town had a population of 1226 people, while the overall rural commune had a population of 16,553 people. It lies along the N5 road, which connects it directly to the town of Diouloulou in the northwest, passing through the small towns of Mahamouda and Karantaba along the way.

N5 road (Senegal)
The N5 road is one of the 7 national roads of Senegal. It connects the centre of Senegal to Basse Casamance in the south by a route which traverses the Gambia at the mouth of the River Gambia.

The road runs in a south-westerly direction from its junction with the N4 road at Kaolack via Sokone to the mouth of the River Gambia, where there is a ferry crossing to Banjul. 
From Banjul the road runs south-eastwards via Diouloulou to reconnect with the N4 at Bignona.
Tour-realism
Tour-realism (T.R.) is a new trend in alternative tourism. It differs from both mass tourism and "independent tourism", a type of tourism involving absolutely no mediators in the tour organization.

T.R. operators usually represent the country they live and work in. T.R. operators are known for having advanced knowledge of the culture and history of their country, as well as for having tight and constant connections with local population. Because they are residents of the country, T.R. operators are capable of providing unique services for foreign guests.

Alternative tourism
Alternative tourism combines tourist products or individual tourist services, different from mass tourism by means of supply, organization and the human resources involved. Other examples of different terms include "intelligent" or "motivated tourism." In addition, "anti-tourism" or "participative tourism" are some others. That was just to name few of them. Natural, social, and community value in which allow both host and guest to enjoy positive, worthwhile and shared experience.

Alternative tourism in rural areas and indigenous territories has been promoted in countries like Mexico as a local development strategy that can be integrated with environmental conservation.