hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kesikköprü Dam
Kesikköprü Dam is a 49-metre (161 ft)-tall earthen embankment dam on the Kızılırmak River  near Ankara, Turkey. The development was backed by the Turkish State Hydraulic Works. Construction on the dam began in 1959 and was finished in 1966.: 178  The dam irrigates an area of 6,600 hectares and has a maximum hydroelectricity production of 76 MW.

Kızılırmak River
The Kızılırmak (Turkish pronunciation: [kɯzɯlɯrmak], Turkish for "Red River"), once known as the Halys River (Ancient Greek: Ἅλυς) and Alis River, is the longest river flowing entirely within Turkey. It is a source of hydroelectric power and is not used for navigation.
Berosus pantherinus
Berosus pantherinus is a species of hydrophilid beetle native to the United States. It was originally described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1855 and is characterized by having ten dark spots on each elytron.

Hydrophilidae
Hydrophilidae, also known colloquially as water scavenger beetles, is a family of beetles. Aquatic hydrophilids are notable for their long maxillary palps, which are longer than their antennae. Several of the former subfamilies of Hydrophilidae have recently been removed and elevated to family rank; Epimetopidae, Georissidae (= Georyssidae), Helophoridae, Hydrochidae, and Spercheidae. While the majority of hydrophilids are aquatic, around a third of described species are terrestrial, mostly belonging to the subfamily Sphaeridiinae.

With rare exceptions, the larvae are predatory while the adults may be herbivores or predators in addition to scavenging. Many species are able to produce sounds.

Species of Hydrophilus are reported as pests in fish hatcheries. Other species are voracious consumers of mosquito larvae, and have potential as biological control agents.

This beetle family contains 2,835 species in 169 genera.
Hermann Grassmann
Hermann Günther Grassmann (German: Graßmann, pronounced [ˈhɛʁman ˈɡʏntɐ ˈɡʁasman]; 15 April 1809 – 26 September 1877) was a German polymath known in his day as a linguist and now also as a mathematician. He was also a physicist, general scholar, and publisher. His mathematical work was little noted until he was in his sixties. His work preceded and exceeded the concept which is now known as a vector space. He introduced the Grassmannian, the space which parameterizes all k-dimensional linear subspaces of an n-dimensional vector space V.  In linguistics he helped free language history and structure from each other.

Polymath
A polymath or polyhistor is an individual whose knowledge spans many different subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific problems. Polymaths often prefer a specific context in which to explain their knowledge, but some are gifted at explaining abstractly and creatively.

Embodying a basic tenet of Renaissance humanism that humans are limitless in their capacity for development, the concept led to the notion that people should embrace all knowledge and develop their capacities as fully as possible. This is expressed in the term Renaissance man, often applied to the gifted people of that age who sought to develop their abilities in all areas of accomplishment: intellectually, artistically, socially, physically, and spiritually.
Manor House Resort Hotel
The Manor House Resort Hotel, also known as the Manor House Country Hotel, is a hotel near Lough Erne in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. It occupies a former manor house which dates to the 19th century.  A four star hotel, its facilities include a swimming pool, gymnasium, restaurants and conference centre.

Star (classification)
Star ratings are a type of rating scale using a star symbol or similar typographical mark. It is used by reviewers for ranking things such as films, TV shows, restaurants, and hotels. For example, a system of one to five stars is commonly used in hotel ratings, with five stars being the highest rating.

Similar systems have been proposed for electing politicians in the form of score voting and STAR voting.
Jesuit Forum for Social Faith and Justice
Jesuit Forum for Social Faith and Justice, abbreviated to the Jesuit Forum and formerly known as the Jesuit Centre for Social Faith and Justice, is a centre for social justice located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is a place where people and groups meet for discourse and engagement in social justice. It was founded by the Society of Jesus in 1979. It worked with Jamie Swift in researching and publishing about social analysis in Canada. It is situated in Loretto College, part of St. Michael's College in the University of Toronto.

Ignatius Jesuit Centre
Ignatius Jesuit Centre (formerly the St. Stanislaus Novitiate and Ignatius College) is a set of buildings in Guelph, Ontario. It features the Orchard Park Office Centre and the Loyola House Jesuit Retreat and Training Centre. It was founded in 1913 and the current buildings date from 1934. In 1918, St. Stanislaus Novitiate was attended by the son of the Justice Minister of Canada, Charles Doherty, so when Canadian military officers surrounded it attempting to enforce the Military Service Act, the premises became the centre of a political scandal that became known as the Guelph Raid.
Jämsänkoski
Jämsänkoski is a former town and municipality of Finland in the Central Finland region. It is located near Lake Päijänne and the Jämsänjoki river. The town had a population of 7,351 in 2008. It covered an area of 448.67 km² of which 48.02 km² is water. The population density was 16.9 inhabitants per km².

The municipality of Koskenpää was consolidated with Jämsänkoski in 1969, while Jämsänkoski was consolidated with Jämsä in 2009.

Jämsänjoki
Jämsänjoki is a river in Finland in the town of Jämsä in Central Finland region. It is 15 kilometres (9 mi) long  and has a watershed of about 1,448 square kilometres (559 sq mi). The river flows from Kankarisvesi into the Lake Päijänne, from which the waters flows into the Gulf of Finland through the Kymijoki river.
2-hydroxymethylglutarate dehydrogenase
In enzymology, 2-hydroxymethylglutarate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.291) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The two substrates of this enzyme are (S)-2-hydroxymethylglutaric acid and oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Its products are 2-formylglutaric acid, reduced NADH, and a proton.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is (S)-2-hydroxymethylglutarate:NAD+ oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called HgD.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Nadia Robotti
Nadia Robotti is an Italian historian of physics specializing in Italian physics from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century, including the works of Enrico Fermi, Ettore Majorana, and Bruno Pontecorvo. She is a professor of physics at the University of Genoa and an external project leader at the Museo storico della fisica e Centro di studi e ricerche "Enrico Fermi".

History of physics
Physics is a branch of science in which the primary objects of study are matter and energy. These topics were discussed across many cultures in ancient times by philosophers, but they had no means to distinguish causes of natural phenomena from superstitions.

The Scientific Revolution of the 17th century, especially the discovery of the law of gravity, began a process of knowledge accumulation and specialization that gave rise to the field of physics.

Mathematical advances of the 18th century gave rise to classical mechanics, and the increased used of the experimental method led to new understanding of thermodynamics.

In the 19th century, the basic laws of electromagnetism and statistical mechanics were discovered.

At the beginning of the 20th century, physics was transformed by the discoveries of quantum mechanics, relativity, and atomic theory.

Physics today may be divided loosely into classical physics and modern physics.
Seiffert
Seiffert is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Chase Seiffert (born 1991), American professional golfer

Günther Seiffert (1937–2020), German racing driver

John Seiffert (1905–1965), Australian politician

Kurt Seiffert (born 1935), American Olympic champion rower

Lisa Seiffert, on the List of Playboy Playmates of 2012

Marjorie Allen Seiffert (1885–1970), American poet

Max Seiffert (1868–1948), German musicologist

Peter Seiffert (1954–2025), German tenor

Rachel Seiffert (born 1971), British novelist

Peter Seiffert
Peter Seiffert (4 January 1954 – 14 April 2025) was a German tenor. He was based at the Deutsche Oper Berlin from 1980. Götz Friedrich in Berlin and Wolfgang Sawallisch at the Bavarian State Opera supported the development of his voice from lyric Mozart roles to portraying characters in Wagner's stage works such as Lohengrin, Tannhäuser and Tristan with a light lyric tenor voice of Italian timbre. He performed at international opera houses such as the Vienna State Opera, the Royal Opera House in London and the Metropolitan Opera in New York City, and at festivals including the Bayreuth Festival.
2024 BAL Nile Conference
The 2024 BAL Nile Conference was the 3rd season of the Nile Conference, one of the three conferences of the 2024 season of the Basketball Africa League (BAL). The composition of the conference and the schedule were announced on 15 February 2024. The conference games began on 19 April and ended on 27 April 2024.

Al Ahly won the conference with a 5–1 record, and Al Ahly Ly qualified for the playoffs as second ranked team.

Khaman Maluach
Khaman Madit Maluach (born 14 September 2006) is a South Sudanese professional basketball player for the Phoenix Suns of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Duke Blue Devils. Standing at 7 ft 1 in (2.16 m), he plays the center position. He is also a current member of the South Sudan national team, which he joined at the age of 16.
Bank Norwegian
Bank Norwegian is a Norwegian digital bank which provides loans, credit cards and savings accounts to consumers. The company was founded in November 2007 and is headquartered at Fornebu, Norway. It has customers in Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Germany and Spain. Bank Norwegian cooperates with Norwegian Air Shuttle ASA on their loyalty program in selected markets. In 2021, the bank had more than 1.7 million customers.

Fornebu
Fornebu (local form Fornebo) is a peninsular area in the suburban municipality of Bærum in Norway, bordering western parts of Oslo.

Oslo Airport, Fornebu (FBU) served as the main airport for Oslo and the country since before World War II and until the evening of October 7, 1998, when it was closed down. Overnight, a grand moving operation was performed, so that the following morning, the new main airport, located inland at Gardermoen (OSL), opened for operations as the main airport, as opposed to previously having been a minor airport.

As of 2001, the Fornebu area is being developed as a centre for information technology and telecom industry, as well as there being some housing project developments nearby. The new headquarters of Norway's telecom giant Telenor are located in the area.

The peninsula is connected to Langodden and Snarøya, which are more established areas of private residences.
Hammer Col
Hammer Col is a broad ice-covered col at 3,800 metres (12,500 ft) elevation between the south part of the Vinson Massif and the Craddock Massif in the Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. The 1.5-nautical-mile (3 km) wide saddle is relatively level and visually separates the two massifs whether viewed from the east or the west. It is part of the glacial divide between the heads of Dater Glacier on the northeast and Gildea Glacier on the southwest.

The feature was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (2006) after William R. Hammer of the Department of Geology, Augustana College, Rock Island, IL, a U.S. Antarctic Program investigator of vertebrate fossils, primarily in the central Transantarctic Mountains, 1977–2003.

Dater Glacier
The Dater Glacier is a steep valley glacier in Antarctica, 24 nautical miles (44 km; 28 mi) long and from 1 to 3 nautical miles (2 to 6 km; 1 to 3 mi) wide, flowing northeast in a sinuous course from the eastern slopes of the Vinson Massif between Sullivan Heights and Veregava Ridge to Rutford Ice Stream which borders the eastern flank of the Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains. At the lower end the Dater Glacier coalesces with the terminus of the Ellen Glacier, the two emerging from the Sentinel Range as one stream just north of the Flowers Hills.

The glacier was discovered by U.S. Navy Squadron VX-6 on photographic flights of 14–15 December 1959, and mapped from these photographs by the United States Geological Survey. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after Henry M. Dater, a historian on the staff of the U.S. Antarctic Projects Officer and the U.S. Naval Support Force Antarctica.
Spoom
Spoom is a type of frothy sorbet made with a lighter sugar syrup than that required for a true sorbet. As it begins to set, it is mixed with half its volume of Italian meringue. Like sorbet, it is made from fruit juice, wine, sherry or port and served in a tall glass (with a few tablespoons of champagne spooned over it). The name comes from the Italian word spuma, meaning 'foam'. In Italy, spumoni is a light frothy ice cream made with egg whites, a flavouring and whipped cream.

Meringue
Meringue (/məˈræŋ/ mə-RANG, French: [məʁɛ̃ɡ] ⓘ) is a type of dessert or candy, of French origin, traditionally made from whipped eggwhites and sugar, and occasionally an acidic ingredient such as lemon, vinegar, or cream of tartar. A binding agent such as salt, flour, or gelatin may also be added to the eggs. The key to the formation of a good meringue is the formation of stiff peaks by denaturing the protein ovalbumin (a protein in the egg whites) via mechanical shear.

They are light, airy, and sweet confections. Homemade meringues are often chewy and soft with a crisp exterior, while many commercial meringues are crisp throughout. A uniform crisp texture may be achieved at home by baking at a low temperature (80–90 °C or 176–194 °F) for an extended period of up to two hours.
Narada Jayanti
Narada Jayanti (Sanskrit: नारदजयंती, romanized: Nāradajayantī) is a Hindu festival observed to celebrate the birth of the celestial sage Narada. It is celebrated on the Pratipada Tithi of Krishna Paksha in the Hindu month of Jyestha across the Indian subcontinent.

Devanagari transliteration
Devanagari transliteration is the process of representing text written in Devanagari script—an Indic script used for Classical Sanskrit and many other Indic languages—in the Latin script, preserving pronunciation and spelling conventions. There are several methods of transliteration from Devanagari to the Latin script (i.e., romanisation), including the IAST notation. Romanised Devanagari is also called Romanagari.
Vinko Pulišić
Vinko Pulišić (22 January 1853 - 6 February 1936) was the Catholic Archbishop of Zadar.

He joined the Old Church Slavonic Academy in 1914.

His literary estate remained at his palace in Olib, inherited by his nephew don Ivan Pulišić, and upon the latter's death in 1962 by his sister Marija "Marušica", who allowed Manfred Paštrović to transport them to his house on Silba in 1973. Paštrović later gave them to the parish office on Silba, from whence Ivica Vigato transported them in boxes to the office of the Stalna izložba crkvene umjetnosti in Zadar in 2005 at the request of Pavao Kero. There, Kero and Pavao Galić labelled the boxes and transferred them to the Arhiv Zadarske nadbiskupije, where they remain today.

Archdiocese of Zadar
The Archdiocese of Zadar (Latin: Archidioecesis Iadrensis; Croatian: Zadarska nadbiskupija) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese of the Catholic church in Croatia. The diocese was established in the 3rd century AD and was made an archdiocese by the Pope Anastasius IV in 1154. As of 2025, it is not part of any ecclesiastical province of Croatia; it is the only Croatian archdiocese directly subject to the Holy See.
2002 New Year Honours
New Years' Honours are announced on or around the date of the New Year in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. The dates vary, both from year to year and from country to country. All are published in supplements to the London Gazette and many are conferred by the monarch (or her representative) some time after the date of the announcement, particularly for those service people on active duty.

This page lists those awards announced in the 2002 New Year's honours lists for the United Kingdom, Barbados, The Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, Tuvalu, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, and Saint Kitts and Nevis.

Royal British Legion
The Royal British Legion (RBL), formerly the British Legion, is a British charity providing financial, social and emotional support to members and veterans of the British Armed Forces, their families and dependants, as well as representing them publicly.
The 'Burbs (TV series)
The 'Burbs is an American comedy television series created by Celeste Hughey for Peacock. It is an adaptation of the 1989 film of the same name and stars Jack Whitehall and Keke Palmer. The series premiered on February 8, 2026.

Justin Kirk
Justin Kirk (born May 28, 1969) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Prior Walter in the HBO miniseries Angels in America (2003), for which he received a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie, and Andy Botwin in the Showtime dark comedy series Weeds (2005–2012).
Barbodes umalii
Barbodes umalii is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish from the carp and minnow family, Cyprinidae which is found in the Philippines where it has only been recorded from the Agus River system on Mindanao.

Agus River
The Agus River is a river that flows for 36.5 kilometres (22.7 mi) from  Lake Lanao to Iligan Bay, Philippines. It cuts through the provinces of Lanao del Sur and Lanao del Norte. Settlements along the banks of the river include the city of Marawi, the municipality of Linamon, and the city of Iligan. It separates into two channels as it drains to Iligan Bay; one goes over the Maria Cristina Falls, while the other supplies the Tinago Falls. The river descends for about 2,200 feet (670 m) from its source as it flows for 21 miles (34 km) before draining to the sea. The river is relatively shallow as it is only 4 feet (1.2 m) deep in some areas. The Agus River's watershed spans about 11,320.00 hectares. It has a discharge of about 10 cubic metres per second (350 cu ft/s) and flows from a narrow depression off the northwestern rim of the lake and flows over a basalt rock formation. The canyon carved by the river suggests a short erosional period.
Alker (surname)
Alker is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Doug Alker (1940–2025), British writer and deaf activist

Hayward Alker (1937–2007), American academic and writer

Hermann Alker (1885–1967), German architect

Imre Alker (born 1941), Hungarian wrestler

John Alker (fl. 1797–1832), English clockmaker

Malcolm Alker (born 1978), English rugby league player

Steve Alker (born 1964), Welsh darts player

Steven Alker (born 1971), New Zealand golfer

Hayward Alker
Hayward R. Alker (1937 – 2007) was a professor of international relations at the University of Southern California School of International Relations, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Yale University. Alker was also former president of the International Studies Association and John A. McCone Chair in International Security at the School of International Relations, University of Southern California. Dr. Alker specialized in research methods, core international relations theory, international politics, and security.
Claude Pacot
Claude Pacot was a French architect in the 17th century. He designed many hôtels particuliers in Toulouse. He also designed new facades on the National Square in Montauban after the fire of 1646, based on the 1614 designs of architect Pierre Levesville. Additionally, he restored a statue of Clémence Isaure on the Capitole de Toulouse with Pierre Affre.

Hôtel particulier
Hôtel particulier (French: [otɛl paʁtikylje] ⓘ) is the French term for a grand urban mansion, comparable to a British townhouse. Whereas an ordinary maison (house) was built as part of a row, sharing party walls with the houses on either side and directly fronting on a street, an hôtel particulier was often free-standing and, by the 18th century, would always be located entre cour et jardin – between the cour d'honneur (an entrance court) and the garden behind. There are hôtels particuliers in many large cities in France.
Rattle (percussion beater)
A rattle is a percussion beater that is attached to or enclosed by a percussion instrument so that motion of the instrument will cause the rattle to strike the instrument and create musical sound.

Examples include:

The rivets of a sizzle cymbal.

The jingles of a tambourine.

The seeds inside a maraca.

The ball chain of a cabasa.

The snares of a snare drum.

Rattles may be the primary cause of the instrument's sound, as in the maraca, or they may modify its sound, as in the sizzle cymbal, or they may be used for both purposes depending on how it is played, as in the tambourine.

Ball chain surrounding the cabasa produces its sound when it is shaken

Rivets in a swish cymbal modify its sound

Tambourine jingles both sound when the tambourine is shaken and modify the sound of the hand beating the skin

Maraca
A maraca (/məˈrækə/ mə-RAK-ə, US also /məˈrɑːkə/ mə-RAH-kə, Brazilian Portuguese: [maˈɾakɐ] ⓘ), sometimes called shaker or chac-chac, is a rattle which appears in many genres of Caribbean and Latin music. It is shaken by a handle and usually played as part of a pair. A maraca player in the Spanish language is called a maraquero.
Netherlands Antilles at the 1960 Summer Olympics
The Netherlands Antilles competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy.  The nation returned to the Olympic Games after boycotting the 1956 Summer Olympics, joining the Netherlands in protest of the participation of the Soviet Union, who invaded Hungary during the USSR's invasion of Hungary.

Soviet Union at the 1956 Summer Olympics
The Soviet Union (USSR) competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia. 272 competitors, 233 men and 39 women, took part in 135 events in 17 sports. The Netherlands, Spain, the Netherlands Antilles, Egypt, Lebanon, Cambodia, Iraq and Switzerland protested against Soviet participating amidst their invasion of Hungary by boycotting the games.
Rude (surname)
Rude is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anna Elizabeth Rude (1876–1960), American physician, health official

Dick Rude (born 1964), writer, actor, and film director

Ellen Sergeant Rude (1838-1916), American writer and poet

François Rude (1784–1855), French sculptor

George Rudé (1910–1993), British Marxist historian

Gilbert T. Rude (1881–1962), American Coast and Geodetic Survey and Navy officer

Rick Rude (1958–1999), ring name of American wrestler Richard Rood

Steve Rude (born 1956), American comics artist

Gilbert T. Rude
Gilbert T. Rude (1881–1962) was an officer in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey—one of the ancestor organizations of the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) -- and the United States Navy. He served as Chief of the Division of Coastal Surveys in the Coast and Geodetic Survey. A NOAA ship was named for him.