hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karl Clark (chemist)
Karl Adolf Clark (20 October 1888, Georgetown, Ontario – 7 December 1966, Victoria, British Columbia) was a chemist and oil sand researcher.  He is best known for perfecting a process that uses hot water and reagents to separate bitumen from oil sands.

Reagent
In chemistry, a reagent (/riˈeɪdʒənt/ ree-AY-jənt) or analytical reagent is a substance or compound added to a system to cause a chemical reaction, or test if one occurs. A reactant is a substance or compound that is consumed in a chemical reaction. The terms reactant and reagent are often used interchangeably, but reactant specifies a substance consumed in the course of a chemical reaction; reagent is used in the context of chemical analysis, while reactant is used in the context of reaction itself. Solvents, though involved in the reaction mechanism, are usually not called reactants. Similarly, catalysts are not consumed by the reaction, so they are not reactants. In biochemistry, especially in connection with enzyme-catalyzed reactions, the reactants are commonly called substrates.
Sky Murder
Sky Murder is a 1940 detective film starring Walter Pidgeon as detective Nick Carter in his third and final outing for MGM as Nick Carter. The film was part of a trilogy based on original screen stories starring the popular literary series character. In the heightened tensions prior to World War II, Hollywood produced many films in the spy film genre such as Sky Murder.

Sky Murder followed Phantom Raiders (1940) and the first film in the series, Nick Carter, Master Detective (1939) and led to Sky Murder, the last of the Nick Carter series.

Walter Pidgeon
Walter Davis Pidgeon (September 23, 1897 – September 25, 1984) was a Canadian-American actor. A major leading man during the Golden Age of Hollywood, known for his "portrayals of men who prove both sturdy and wise," Pidgeon earned two Academy Award nominations for Best Actor for his roles in Mrs. Miniver (1942) and Madame Curie (1943).

Pidgeon also starred in many other notable films such as How Green Was My Valley (1941), The Bad and the Beautiful (1952), Forbidden Planet (1956), Executive Suite (1954), Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1961), Advise & Consent (1962), Funny Girl (1968) and Harry in Your Pocket (1973).

Pidgeon also served as the 10th president of the Screen Actors Guild between 1952 and 1957. He received the Guild's Life Achievement Award in 1975 and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960 for his contributions to the film industry.
Municipio III
Municipio Roma III is the third administrative subdivision of Rome (Italy).

It was established by the Capitoline Assembly, with Resolution No. 11 of 11 March 2013, which replaced the previous Municipio Roma IV (formerly "Circoscrizione IV").

Fidenae
Fidenae (Ancient Greek: Φιδῆναι) was an ancient town of Latium vetus, situated about 8 km north of Rome on the Via Salaria. Its inhabitants were known as Fidenates. As the Tiber was the border between Etruria and Latium, the left-bank settlement of Fidenae would represented an extension of Etruscan presence into Latium, or a Latin border town. The site of the arx of the ancient town was probably on the hill on which lies the contemporary Villa Spada, though no traces of early buildings or defences are to be seen; pre-Roman tombs are in the cliffs to the north. The later village lay at the foot of the hill on the eastern edge of the high-road, and its curia, with a dedicatory inscription to Marcus Aurelius by the Senatus Fidenatium, was excavated in 1889. Remains of other buildings may also be seen.
Seeley Cottage
Seeley Cottage is a historic cure cottage located at Saranac Lake in the town of Harrietstown, Franklin County, New York.  It was built around 1890 and is a 2+1⁄2-story, side-gable-roofed, wood frame dwelling on a raised basement with clapboard, aluminum, and asbestos siding.  There is a sizable 2-story rear wing. The cottage features a large open verandah with two sizable cure porches on top.  It operated for many years as a private sanatorium.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

Sanatorium
A sanatorium (from Latin sānāre 'to heal'), also sanitarium or sanitorium, is a historic name for a specialised hospital for the treatment of specific diseases, related ailments, and convalescence.

Sanatoria were often in a healthy climate, usually in the countryside. The idea of healing was an important reason for the historical wave of establishments of sanatoria, especially at the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The most common issue treated at sanatoria was tuberculosis (before the discovery of antibiotics). Some sanatoria also treated alcoholism as well as hysteria, masturbation, fatigue and emotional exhaustion. Facility operators were often charitable associations, such as the Order of St. John and the newly founded social welfare insurance companies.

Sanatoria should not be confused with the Russian sanatoria from the time of the Soviet Union, which were a type of sanatorium resort residence for workers.
Cingetorix
Cingetorix, meaning "marching king" or "king of warriors", is a Celtic name borne by two chieftains of the 1st century BC, as related by Julius Caesar in his De Bello Gallico:

Cingetorix (Gaul), one of the two chieftains struggling for the supremacy of the Treveri of Gaul.

Cingetorix (Briton), one of the four kings of Kent during Caesar's second expedition to Britain in 54 BC, alongside Segovax, Carvilius and Taximagulus.

Cingetorix (Gaul)
Cingetorix (Gaulish "marching king" or "king of warriors") was one of the two chieftains struggling for the supremacy of the Treveri (the people of the area around present-day Trier) at the time of Julius Caesar's conquest of Gaul. Caesar supported him over his more anti-Roman rival Indutiomarus. However Indutiomarus persuaded his people to join the revolt led by Ambiorix of the Eburones in 54 BC, declared Cingetorix a public enemy and confiscated his property. Cingetorix presented himself to Caesar's legate Titus Labienus, who defeated and killed Indutiomarus in a cavalry engagement.  The Treveri "transferred supreme rule to [Indutiomarus's] kinsmen," (6.2) and in 53 BC again mounted a campaign against the Roman troops led by Labienus.  They were again defeated.  At that point, Caesar writes, "Leadership and rule [over the Treveri] was handed over to Cingetorix, who...remained loyal from the beginning." (6.8)
Ali Fidan
Ali Fidan (born 1970) is a Turkish bureaucrat who served as the Governor of Düzce between March 2015 and August 2016. He is a former Kaymakam (Sub-Governor of a district) and served as the Deputy Governor of Malatya between 2001 and 2003.

Governor of Malatya
Governor of Malatya (Turkish: Malatya Valiliği) is the Civil service official responsible for both national government and state affairs in the Province of Malatya. Similar to the Governors of the 80 other Provinces of Turkey, the Governor of Malatya is appointed by the Government of Turkey and is responsible for the implementation of government legislation within Malatya. The Governor is also the most senior commander of both the Malatya provincial police force and the Malatya Gendarmerie.
2013 3 Hours of Silverstone
The 2013 3 Hours of Silverstone was an auto racing event held at the Silverstone Circuit near Silverstone, England, on 12–13 April 2013. The event was the opening round of the 2013 European Le Mans Series season, in a weekend shared with the FIA World Endurance Championship and the FIA European Formula 3 Championship. Heavy rains during the race forced the event to be cut short, with only two and a quarter hours being run before Britons Simon Dolan and Oliver Turvey of Jota Sport were declared the winners. Soheil Ayari and Anthony Pons led the LMPC category, Christian Ried, Gianluca Roda, and Nick Tandy won the LMGTE class, and Andrew Smith, Ollie Millroy, and Alisdair McCaig were the GTC class victors.

Nick Tandy
Nicholas Tandy (born 5 November 1984) is a British racing driver who competes in the IMSA SportsCar Championship as a factory driver for Porsche. Tandy is the only person to have completed the Grand Slam of overall victories in major 24-hour races: winning the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 2015; the Nürburgring 24 Hours in 2018; the Spa 24 Hours in 2020; and the 24 Hours of Daytona in 2025.

Other major career milestones for Tandy include overall victory at the 2015 Petit Le Mans and the 2025 12 Hours of Sebring, which made him the first driver in history to win the "Big Six" endurance races. He also has class victories at the 2013, 2018 and 2020 Petit Le Mans; the 2014 24 Hours of Daytona; and the 2018, 2019 and 2020 12 Hours of Sebring.
Uttarpara Govt. High School
Uttarpara Government High School also known as Uttarpara Rastriya Uchcha Vidyalaya (উত্তরপাড়া রাষ্ট্রীয় উচ্চ বিদ্যালয়) is a school situated in Uttarpara, a town near Serampore City in Hooghly District, West Bengal, India. It was established on the western bank of river Hooghly by Babu Jay Krishna Mukhopadhyay and Babu Raj Krishna Mukhopadhyay on 16 May 1846. The school is directly under the Government of West Bengal.

Indian Institute of Science
The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) is a public, deemed, research university for higher education and research in science, engineering, design, and management. It is located in Bengaluru, Karnataka. The institute was established in 1909 with active support from Jamsetji Tata and thus is also locally known as the Tata Institute. It was granted a deemed university status in 1958 and recognized as an Institute of Eminence in 2018.
Ḱ
Ḱ ḱ (K with acute accent) is used in the following sense:

transliteration of Cyrillic Kje (Ќ, ќ) that is used in Macedonian.

/k̠ʷ/ in the Saanich orthography

in the Santali Latin orthography

transliteration of the Kharosthi script

representing the Proto-Indo-European phoneme */kʲ/

Saanich dialect
Saanich (Saanich: SENĆOŦEN IPA: [sənˈt͡ʃas̪ən]) is the variety of North Straits Salish spoken by the Saanich people in the Pacific Northwest of North America. North Straits Salish is a dialect continuum, the varieties of which are closely related to the Klallam language.
Bursa Atatürk Sport Hall
Bursa Atatürk Sport Hall (Turkish: Bursa Atatürk Spor Salonu) is a multi-purpose indoor sport venue located in the district of Altıparmak, Osmangazi in Bursa, Turkey. The hall, with a capacity for 3,000 people, was built in 1972.

Home of four clubs Bursaspor Basketbol, Oyak Renault Basketball, Yeşim SK and Uludağ Üniversitesi SK, it is the biggest indoor sport hall in Bursa, where competitions of basketball, volleyball and handball are held.

Bursa Atatürk Sport Hall hosted 15 games of the Group A in the preliminary round of the Eurobasket 2005 Women between September 2 and 7 2005.

Bursaspor Basketbol
Bursaspor Basketbol is a Turkish professional basketball club based in Bursa. Founded in 2014, the club is the basketball section of the multi-sport club Bursaspor and currently competes in the Basketbol Süper Ligi, the top-tier basketball league in Turkey.
Musa ibn Abi al-Abbas
Musa ibn Abi al-Abbas (Arabic: موسى بن أبى العباس) was a governor of Egypt for the Abbasid Caliphate, from 834 until 839.

He received his appointment from the Turkish general Ashinas, who additionally granted him oversight over the provincial taxes on an intermittent basis. During his tenure in office Egypt was in a relatively quiet state, but at the same time the Inquisition officially remained in place. In his last years he was also forced to deal with a dispute with some of the residents of the Hawf district, which he at length settled.

Musa remained as governor until early 839, after a term of nearly five years, and was replaced by Malik ibn Kaydar.

Mihna
The Mihna (Arabic: محنة خلق القرآن, romanized: miḥna khalq al-qurʾān, lit. 'ordeal of Quranic createdness') was a period of religious persecution instituted by the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun in 833 in which Sunni scholars were punished, imprisoned, or even killed unless they conformed to Mu'tazilite doctrine. The policy lasted for eighteen years (833–851) as it continued through the reigns of al-Ma'mun's immediate successors, al-Mu'tasim and al-Wathiq, and four years of al-Mutawakkil who reversed it in 851.

The abolition of Mihna is significant both as the end of the Abbasid Caliph's pretension to decide matters of religious orthodoxy, and as one of the few instances of religious persecution among fellow Muslims in Medieval Islam.
Meet Mr. Callaghan
Meet Mr. Callaghan is a 1954 British crime drama film directed by Charles Saunders and starring Derrick De Marney and Adrienne Corri. The screenplay was by Brock Williams, based on the 1952 play of the same name, adapted for the stage by Gerald Verner from Peter Cheyney's 1938 novel The Urgent Hangman.

Co-producer and star De Marney had directed the stage version at the Garrick Theatre in 1952, which starred his brother Terence as private eye Slim Callaghan. Derrick played this role in the film.

Brock Williams (screenwriter)
Brock Williams (8 July 1894 – 19 February 1964) was a prolific English screenwriter with over 100 films to his credit between 1930 and 1962.  He also had a brief directorial career, and later also worked in television. Two of his novels, The Earl of Chicago and Uncle Willie and the Bicycle Shop were both adapted into films.
Joseph Nasi
Joseph Nasi (1524 – 1579), known in Portuguese as João Miques, was a Portuguese Sephardi diplomat and administrator, member of the House of Mendes and House of Benveniste, nephew of Doña Gracia Mendes Nasi, and an influential figure in the Ottoman Empire during the rules of both Sultan Suleiman I and his son Selim II. He was a great benefactor of the Jewish people.

A court Jew, he was appointed lord of Tiberias, with the expressed aim of resettling Jews in Palestine (then Ottoman Syria) and encouraging industry there; the attempt failed, and, later, he was appointed Duke of Naxos. Nasi also supported a war with the Republic of Venice, at the end of which Venice lost the island of Cyprus to the Ottomans. After the death of Selim, he lost influence in the Ottoman Court, but was allowed to keep his titles and pension for the remainder of his life.

Don (honorific)
The terms Don (in Spanish and Italian), Dom (in Portuguese), and Domn (in Romanian), are honorific prefixes derived from the Latin Dominus, meaning "lord" or "owner". The honorific is commonly used in Spain, Portugal, and Italy, as well as in the Spanish-speaking world and Portuguese-speaking world, as well as some other places formerly colonized by Spain or Portugal. The feminine equivalents are Doña (Spanish: [ˈdoɲa]), Donna (Italian: [ˈdɔnna]), Doamnă (Romanian) and Dona (Portuguese: [ˈdonɐ]), meaning "lady".

The term is derived from the Latin dominus: a master of a household, a title with background from the Roman Republic in classical antiquity. With the abbreviated form having emerged as such in the Middle Ages, traditionally it is reserved for Catholic clergy and nobles, in addition to certain educational authorities and persons of high distinction.
The Road to Rome (painting)
The Road to Rome (French: La Route de Rome) is a 1979 painting by the Belgian painter Paul Delvaux. It depicts a European town square in twilight, with a number of women, many of whom are nude or semi-nude, scattered around the scene. Three high, open doors stand upright along the walkway.

Paul Delvaux
Paul Delvaux (French: [dɛlvo]; 23 September 1897 – 20 July 1994) was a Belgian painter noted for his dream-like scenes of women, classical architecture, trains and train stations, and skeletons, often in combination. He is often considered a surrealist, although he only briefly identified with the surrealist movement. He was influenced by the works of Giorgio de Chirico and René Magritte, but developed his own fantastical subjects and hyper-realistic styling, combining the detailed classical beauty of academic painting with the bizarre juxtapositions of surrealism.

Throughout his long career, Delvaux explored "Nude and skeleton, the clothed and the unclothed, male and female, desire and horror, eroticism and death – Delvaux's major anxieties in fact, and the greater themes of his later work [...]".
Redstart
Redstart is a name used for a number of songbirds that are not closely related to each other:

Old world flycatcher family (Muscicapidae)

Phoenicurus, 14 species found in Africa, Asia and Europe
Common redstart, a European species often known simply as "redstart"

White-bellied redstart, an Asian species not closely related to the Phoenicurus redstarts

New world warbler family (Parulidae)

Myioborus, 12 species found in North and South America, also known as "whitestarts"

American redstart, a species found in North and South America, not closely related to the genus Myioborus

Common redstart
The common redstart (Phoenicurus phoenicurus), or often simply redstart, is a small passerine bird in the genus Phoenicurus. Like its relatives, it was formerly classed as a member of the thrush family, (Turdidae), but is now known to be an Old World flycatcher (family Muscicapidae).
Threatened mammals of Europe
The list below contains threatened mammals that dwell in or migrate to any region in Europe, the East Atlantic Ocean, and any nearby islands of the Atlantic Ocean. This includes mammals that are found in the East Atlantic Ocean (Azores), Iceland, the Adriatic Sea, the Sea of Azov, the Black and Caspian Sea, Corsica, Cyprus, Palearctic, Russia, Eurasia, North African Coast, the Mediterranean Sea and islands located in the Mediterranean Sea, and the islands of Spain (Canary, Balearic). The list below was compiled from data on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species (IUCN). The International Union for Conservation of Nature   identifies species in need of attention before approaching extinction and works to increase prevention of extinction. The list below includes vulnerable (VU), endangered (EN), critically endangered (CR), and recently extinct (EX) species.

Threatened species
A threatened species is any species (including animals, plants and fungi) which is vulnerable to extinction in the near future. Species that are threatened are sometimes characterised by the population dynamics measure of critical depensation, a mathematical measure of biomass related to population growth rate. This quantitative metric is one method of evaluating the degree of endangerment without direct reference to human activity.
Tsinelas leadership
Tsinelas leadership, a term derived from the Filipino word for flip-flops, refers to the rural grassroots and poverty alleviation program started by Interior Secretary Jesse Robredo, the husband of Vice President Leni Robredo, as Mayor of Naga, Camarines Sur.

Vice President of the Philippines
Vice President of the Philippines (Filipino: Pangalawang Pangulo ng Pilipinas, also referred to as Bise Presidente ng Pilipinas) is the title of the second-highest official in the executive branch of the Philippine government and is first in the presidential line of succession. The vice president is directly elected by the citizens of the Philippines and is one of only two nationally elected executive officials, the other being the president.

The current office of the vice president was re-established under the 1987 Constitution, bearing similarities with the office as created in the 1935 Constitution that was abolished by the Marcos regime. The vice president may be elected to two consecutive six-year terms. The 15th and incumbent vice president Sara Duterte was inaugurated on June 19, 2022, but her term officially began 11 days later on June 30, as per the constitution.
Ba Xuyen
The Ba Xuyen is a breed of domestic pig from South Vietnam, specifically the Mekong Delta. It is a spotted black and white pig with white feet. It was bred from a cross between a Berkshire and a Boxu from 1932 to 1956.

Berkshire pig
The Berkshire is a British breed of pig. It originated in the English county of Berkshire, for which it is named. It is normally black, with some white on the snout, on the lower legs, and on the tip of the tail.

It is a rare breed in the United Kingdom. It has been exported to a number of countries including Australia, Japan, New Zealand and the United States, and is numerous in some of them.
Well Told Story
Well Told Story is a communications research and production company active in Kenya and Tanzania and based in Nairobi, Kenya. It is best known as the producer of the multimedia youth communications platform Shujaaz.

Well Told Story has received several international media awards for innovation in multimedia storytelling including two International Emmy Awards in 2012 and 2014 and a One World Media Award in 2011 for Shujaaz, as well as an International Emmy Award Nomination and a One World Media Award in 2013 for "JongoLove", a story told in Kenya across FM radio, YouTube, SMS and Facebook.

One World Media
One World Media is a non-profit organisation, registered in the UK as a charitable trust. It is based in London. The organisation describes its aim as supporting strong vibrant and independent media that empower citizens, promote justice and contribute to international development.

The charities activities include: The One World Media Awards, OWM Fellowship, Global Short Docs Forum and OWM Global Reporting Summit.
Gerardo Xavier Hernández
Gerardo Xavier Hernández Tapia (born 29 October 1968) was a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).

In the 2012 general election he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies 
to represent the State of Mexico's 40th district during the 
62nd session of Congress.

While serving as city mayor and congressman, Hernández Tapia faced allegations of corruption.

2012 Mexican general election
General elections were held in Mexico on Sunday, 1 July 2012. Voters went to the polls to elect a new President of the Republic to serve a six-year term, replacing Felipe Calderón, 500 members of the Chamber of Deputies and 128 members of the Mexican Senate.

Several local ballots were held on the same day, including the election of a new Head of Government and new Legislative Assembly of the Federal District, gubernatorial elections in six states (Chiapas, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Morelos, Tabasco and Yucatán) and municipal and local congressional elections several states.
Ranunculus alismifolius
Ranunculus alismifolius is a species of buttercup known by the common name plantainleaf buttercup. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to California to Colorado, where it grows in moist mountain habitat such as meadows, streambanks, and bogs, becoming common to abundant in some places. It is somewhat variable in appearance and there are several varieties which can be hard to tell apart. In general the plant is a perennial herb producing a few usually upright to erect, branching stems from a fleshy, fibrous root system. It can be up to half a meter tall, or it can remain quite short and clumpy. The leaves vary in shape, the lower ones with oval blades and the upper linear to lance-shaped, all borne on long petioles. The inflorescence bears one or more flowers, each on a long pedicel. The flower has up to 12 yellow petals and many yellow stamens and pistils at the center. The fruit is an achene, borne in a spherical cluster of 12 or more.

Achene
An achene (/əˈkiːn/; from Ancient Greek  ἀ (a) 'privative' and  χαίνειν (khaínein) 'to gape'), also sometimes called akene and occasionally achenium or achenocarp, is a type of simple dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. Achenes are monocarpellate (formed from one carpel) and indehiscent (they do not open at maturity). Achenes contain a single seed that nearly fills the pericarp, but does not adhere to it.  In many species, what is called the "seed" is an achene, a fruit containing the seed. The seed-like appearance is owed to the hardening of the fruit wall (pericarp), which encloses the solitary seed so closely as to seem like a seed coat.