hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Tromp
John Tromp is a Dutch computer scientist. He formerly worked for the Dutch Centre for Mathematics and Computer Science. Tromp discovered the number of legal states of the board game Go, and co-authored with Bill Taylor the Tromp–Taylor rules, which they call "the logical rules of Go".

He is also known for his work in binary combinatory logic (binary lambda calculus)  and lambda diagrams that supply a graphical way of representing lambda calculus expressions.

Lambda calculus
In mathematical logic, the lambda calculus (also written as λ-calculus) is a formal system for expressing computation based on function abstraction and application using variable binding and substitution. Untyped lambda calculus, the topic of this article, is a universal machine, i.e. a model of computation that can be used to simulate any Turing machine (and vice versa). It was introduced by the mathematician Alonzo Church in the 1930s as part of his research into the foundations of mathematics. In 1936, Church found a formulation which was logically consistent, and documented it in 1940.
Radical 208
Radical 208 meaning "rat" or "mouse" (鼠部) is 1 of 4 Kangxi radicals (214 radicals total) composed of 13 strokes.

In the Kangxi Dictionary there are 92 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.

Chinese character radicals
A radical (Chinese: 部首; pinyin: bùshǒu; lit. 'section header'), or indexing component, is a visually prominent component of a Chinese character under which the character is traditionally listed in a Chinese dictionary. The radical for a character is typically a semantic component, but it can also be another structural component or an artificially extracted portion of the character. In some cases, the original semantic or phonological connection has become obscure, owing to changes in the meaning or pronunciation of the character over time.

The use of the English term radical is based on an analogy between the structure of Chinese characters and the inflection of words in European languages. Radicals are also sometimes called classifiers, but this name is more commonly applied to the grammatical measure words in Chinese.
Ferenc Vozar
Ferenc Vozar (19 April 1945 in Budapest - 15 February 1999 in Denzlingen) was a Hungarian-born ice hockey player who played for the West German national team. He won a bronze medal at the 1976 Winter Olympics.

Germany men's national ice hockey team
The German men's national ice hockey team is the national ice hockey team of Germany and is controlled by the German Ice Hockey Federation. It first participated in serious international competition at the 1911 European Hockey Championship. When Germany was split after World War II, a separate East Germany national ice hockey team existed until 1990. By 1991, the West and East German teams and players were merged into the United German team. The team's head coach is Harold Kreis.

Germany has won several medals at the World Championships, including three silver medals in 1930, 1953 and 2023, as well as a silver medal at the 2018 Winter Olympics, the team's biggest success in the 21st century.
Election (2013 film)
Election is a 2013 Indian Kannada-language action drama film directed by Om Prakash Rao and produced by Ramu under the banner Ramu Enterprises. The film stars Malashri in the lead role. The supporting cast features Pradeep Rawat, Dev Gill, Sharath Lohitashwa, Hanumanthegowda and Suchendra Prasad.
The film was later dubbed in Hindi as
Sher E Jigar in 2018 on WAM.

Pradeep Rawat (actor)
Pradeep Rawat (born 21 January 1952) is an Indian actor who works predominantly in Telugu, Hindi, and Tamil language films. Notable for playing villainous roles, Rawat's first appearance was in B.R. Chopra's Mahabharat as Ashwatthama.

Rawat was introduced into Telugu cinema with the film Sye. In Tamil cinema, he acted in the film Ghajini (2005). where he appeared in a double role. He reprised his role in the Hindi remake. He debuted in Kannada cinema with Parodi; Malayalam cinema with China Town; Bengali cinema with Hero 420 and Bhojpuri cinema with Crack Fighter.
Tomaree High School
Tomaree High School is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school, located in Salamander Bay, a suburb of the Port Stephens Council local government area in New South Wales, Australia.

Established in 1998, the school enrolled approximately 1,110 students in 2018, from Year 7 to Year 12, of whom eight percent identified as Indigenous Australians and eight percent were from a language background other than English. The school is operated by the NSW Department of Education; the principal is Paul Baxter.

Department of Education (New South Wales)
The New South Wales Department of Education, a department of the Government of New South Wales, is responsible for the delivery and co-ordination of early childhood, primary school, secondary school, vocational education, adult, migrant and higher education in the state of New South Wales, Australia.

The department was preceded by the Board of National Education and Council of Education, and has been formerly known by a number of names, including Department of Public Instruction, the Department of Education and Training (DET) between December 1997 and April 2011, and the Department of Education and Communities (DEC) between April 2011 and July 2015.

The department's powers are principally drawn from the Education Act, 1990  (NSW).
Desmond FitzGerald, 28th Knight of Glin
Desmond Wyndham Otho FitzGerald, 28th Knight of Glin (20 January 1901 – 2 April 1949) was an Anglo-Irish hereditary knight and socialite.

Born in Croom, County Limerick, FitzGerald was the only son of Desmond FitzJohn Lloyd FitzGerald, 27th Knight of Glin, and Lady Rachel Charlotte Wyndham-Quin, daughter of Windham Wyndham-Quin, 4th Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl. He was educated at Winchester College and Lancing College before moving to London in 1924.

In 1929 he married Veronica Villiers (1909-1998), a cousin of Winston Churchill and daughter of Ernest Villiers. They had three children together. His heir was Desmond FitzGerald, 29th Knight of Glin. He died from tuberculosis in 1949 in Limerick, Ireland.

Croom, County Limerick
Croom (Irish: Cromadh) is a village in County Limerick, Ireland. It is located just off the N20 (which has bypassed the town since 2001) on the River Maigue. It is 8 km southeast of Adare on the N20. The village is in a townland and civil parish of the same name.
Amherst Street station
Amherst Street station is a Buffalo Metro Rail underground station located at the corner of Main and Amherst Streets. From May 18, 1985 to November 10, 1986, due to construction issues at LaSalle station, Amherst Street station served as the northern terminus. The station has been referenced by rapper Westside Gunn numerous times.

Westside Gunn
Alvin Lamar Worthy (born July 27, 1982), known professionally as Westside Gunn, is an American rapper, fashion designer and professional wrestling promoter. He co-founded the hip-hop record label Griselda Records in 2012 with his half-brother Conway the Machine and their cousin Benny the Butcher.

Since 2005, he has released five studio albums, in addition to a wide catalog of mixtapes and extended plays. Gunn was affiliated with Shady Records from 2017 to 2020, but has since returned to independent work.
1984 Missouri Valley Conference men's basketball tournament
The 1984 Missouri Valley Conference men's basketball tournament was played after the conclusion of the 1983–1984 regular season. The quarterfinal and semifinal rounds were played on campus sites with the final contested at the Tulsa Convention Center in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

The twelfth ranked Tulsa Golden Hurricane defeated the Creighton Bluejays in the championship game, 70-68, and as a result won their 2nd MVC Tournament title and earned an automatic bid to the 1984 NCAA tournament.

Arvest Convention Center
The Arvest Convention Center (formerly the Tulsa Assembly Center, Tulsa Convention Center, Maxwell Convention Center, and Cox Business Convention Center) is a 275,000 square foot convention center located in downtown Tulsa, Oklahoma.

The Arvest Convention Center (ACC) was originally named Tulsa Assembly Center. It was later renamed Maxwell Convention Center after former mayor James L. Maxwell.

In February 2013, Cox Communications acquired the naming rights to the facility and renamed it the Cox Business Center. In 2020, "Convention" was added to the name. In 2025, Arvest Bank acquired the naming rights and renamed it to the Arvest Convention Center.
Piz Sezner
Piz Sezner (2,310 m) is a mountain of the Swiss Lepontine Alps, overlooking Obersaxen in the canton of Graubünden. It is located between the main Rhine valley and the Val Lumnezia.

In winter, the mountain is part of a ski area. A cable car station is located west of the summit at 2,269 metres.

Lumnezia
Lumnezia is a valley region and a municipality in the Surselva Region in the Swiss of canton of the Grisons. The former municipalities of Cumbel, Degen, Lumbrein, Morissen, Suraua, Vignogn, Vella, and Vrin merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Lumnezia. It covers the Val Lumnezia (German: Lugnez), a Swiss high alpine valley. Its upper regions are among the most remote areas in the Swiss Alps. The official language is Romansh.

In 1998, the village of Vrin was awarded the Wakker Prize for the preservation of its architectural heritage.
Muhammadi Sharif
Muhammadi, also known as Jamia Muhammadi Sharif, is a village of Bhawana Tehsil in Chiniot District of Punjab province, Pakistan. It is named after Mian Muhammadi Juwan (a Sufi and disciple of the saints of Multan and originally named Mian Imam Deen). The village is located 2 km from the left bank of the Chenab River. The village is the home of Mualana Muhammad Zakir, a religious leader and politician.  His son, Muhammad Rahmat-ul-Allah Khokhar (remained MNA), is also a politician. This village has a famous Dar-ul-uloom which has produced many religious scholars.

Chenab River
The Chenab River is a major river in India and Pakistan, and one of the five major rivers associated with the Punjab region. It is formed by the union of two headwaters, the Chandra and Bhaga, which rise in the upper Himalayas in the Lahaul region of Himachal Pradesh, India. The Chenab then flows through the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir, India, into the plains of Punjab, Pakistan, where it joins the Sutlej River to form the Panjnad, which ultimately flows into the Indus River at Mithankot.

The waters of the Chenab were allocated to Pakistan under the terms of the Indus Waters Treaty. India is allowed non-consumptive uses such as power generation. The Chenab River is extensively used in Pakistan for irrigation. Its waters are also transferred to the channel of the Ravi River via numerous link canals.
2021 Irish budget
The 2021 Irish budget was the Irish Government Budget for the 2021 fiscal year, which was presented to Dáil Éireann on 13 October 2020 by Minister for Finance Paschal Donohoe, and the Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform Michael McGrath.

Paschal Donohoe
Paschal Donohoe (born 19 September 1974) is a former Irish Fine Gael politician who served in the Irish cabinet from 2014 to 2025, most notably as Minister for Finance from 2017 to 2022 and from January to November 2025. He also served as President of the Eurogroup from July 2020 to November 2025. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) for Dublin Central from 2011 until November 2025. In November 2025, he resigned as Minister for Finance, President of the Eurogroup, and as a TD, to assume a position as Managing Director and Chief Knowledge Officer at the World Bank.
Sirevåg Station
Sirevåg Station (Norwegian: Sirevåg holdeplass) is a railway station located at Sirevåg in Hå, Norway on the Sørlandet Line. The station is served by the Jæren Commuter Rail between Stavanger and Egersund. The station is 60.36 kilometers (37.51 mi) south of the city of Stavanger. The station was opened in 1879, one year after the Jæren Line. Prior to 1935, the station was called Store Sirevåg.

Sørlandet Line
The Sørlandet Line (Norwegian: Sørlandsbanen) is a railway line between Drammen (though this is connected to Oslo by means of the Drammen Line) via Kristiansand to Stavanger. The line is 545 kilometers (339 mi) long between Oslo and Stavanger.
West of the Pesos
West of the Pesos is a 1960 Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies cartoon short directed by Robert McKimson. The short was released on January 23, 1960, and stars Speedy Gonzales and Sylvester. The title is a play on the 1945 movie West of the Pecos, and peso, the official currency of Mexico.

West of the Pecos (1945 film)
West of the Pecos is a 1945 American Western film directed by Edward Killy and starring Robert Mitchum and Barbara Hale. It is the second film version of Zane Grey's novel, previously made in 1934 and also titled West of the Pecos starring Richard Dix. It is no relation to the 1922 silent film of the same name.

The previous year, Mitchum had played the lead in another Zane Grey movie with the same screenwriter (Norman Houston) and director titled Nevada, also featuring Richard Martin as comical sidekick Chito Rafferty. Nevada had been Mitchum's first movie as a leading man and the opening titles began with "Introducing Bob Mitchum as Jim Lacy".
Transport in Botswana
Transportation in Botswana is provided by an extensive network of railways, highways, ferry services and air routes that criss-cross the country. The transport sector in Botswana played an important role in economic growth following its independence in 1966. The country discovered natural resources which allowed it to finance the development of infrastructure, and policy ensured that the transport sector grew at an affordable pace commensurate with demands for services.

Kazungula Bridge
Kazungula Bridge is a road and rail bridge over the Zambezi River between the countries of Zambia and Botswana at the town of Kazungula. The 923-metre-long (3,028 ft) and 18.5-metre-wide (61 ft) bridge, which has a longest span of 129 metres (423 ft), links the town of Kazungula in Zambia with Botswana. Between the two traffic lanes and pedestrian footways there is a single railway line (although currently unconnected), which will eventually become a section in the proposed Mosetse–Kazungula–Livingstone Railway. The bridge construction, which took 7 years to complete, was overseen by the South Korean construction firm Daewoo E&C.

Before the bridge was opened for traffic in May 2021, direct traffic between the two countries was possible only by ferry. The bridge takes advantage of the short 135-metre (440 ft) border the two countries share at the river, and is curved to avoid the nearby borders of Zimbabwe and Namibia.
Manfred I of Turin
Manfred I or Maginfred (died c. 1000) was the second Arduinici marquis of Susa from 977 until his death.

Manfred was the eldest son of Arduin Glaber, from whom he inherited the county of Auriate and the vast March of Susa. The march extended from the Susa Valley by the Alps south across the Po to the Ligurian Sea. Although he ruled for almost twenty-five years, there is little evidence of his activities in surviving sources. Under him, Pavia became a mercantile city. He also controlled the road between Genoa and Marseille.

Manfred married Prangarda, daughter of Adalbert Atto of Canossa, probably after 962. With Prangarda Manfred had several children, including:

Ulric Manfred

Alric

Otto

Atto

Hugo

Wido

Gundulph, father of St Anselm, may have been one of his sons or grandsons.

Susa Valley
The Susa Valley (Arpitan: Vâl Susa; Piedmontese: Valsusa; Occitan: Val d'Ors; Italian: Val di Susa; French: Val de Suse) is a valley in the Metropolitan City of Turin, Piedmont region of northern Italy, located between the Graian Alps in the north and the Cottian Alps in the south. It is one of the longest valleys of the Italian Alps. It extends over 50 kilometres (31 mi) in an east-west direction from the French border to the outskirts of Turin. The valley takes its name from the city of Susa which lies in the valley. The Dora Riparia river, a tributary of the Po, flows through the valley.

A motorway runs through the valley from Turin to Chambéry in France through the Fréjus tunnel or by crossing the Col du Mont Cenis (2083m), and to Briançon, also in France, over the Col de Montgenèvre.
Sokołów-Towarzystwo
Sokołów-Towarzystwo [sɔˈkɔwuf tɔvaˈʐɨstfɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kiernozia, within Łowicz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south-west of Kiernozia, 17 km (11 mi) north of Łowicz, and 58 km (36 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Kiernozia
Kiernozia [kʲɛrˈnɔʑa] is a town in Łowicz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Kiernozia. It lies approximately 20 km (12 mi) north of Łowicz and 61 km (38 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź. It is located in the historic region of Mazovia.

It is the birthplace (and burial place) of Marie Walewska (née Łączyńska), a mistress of Napoleon Bonaparte.
Owen Plantation House
The Owen Plantation House, or The Owen House, in Jefferson County, Alabama near Bessemer, Alabama, dates from 1838.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

It was built in stages, starting with a one-story two-room frame cabin built in 1833, which later served as a dining and kitchen wing.  The main section is a two-story frame building five bays wide, with a gabled roof and box cornice returns, started in 1838.  It has end-exterior chimneys at both ends of the main section and at the far end of the kitchen wing.  The front has a one-story porch.

In 1976 it was donated to the West Jefferson County Historical Society, to be restored and serve as a house museum.

It is located south of Bessemer on Eastern Valley Rd.

Jefferson County, Alabama
Jefferson County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Alabama, located in the central portion of the state. As of the 2020 census, its population was 674,721. Its county seat is Birmingham. Its rapid growth as an industrial city in the 20th century, based on heavy manufacturing in steel and iron, established its dominance. Jefferson County is the central county of the Birmingham-Hoover, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Kuralt
Kuralt is the surname of several people:

Anže Kuralt (born 1991), Slovenian ice hockey player

Charles Kuralt (1934–1997), American journalist

Jože Kuralt (1956–1986), Slovene alpine skier

Wallace Hamilton Kuralt (1908–1994), American government bureaucrat from North Carolina

Anže Kuralt
Anže Kuralt (born October 31, 1991) is a Slovenian professional ice hockey player who is currently under contract to Fehérvár AV19 of the ICE Hockey League (ICEHL).

On January 6, 2014, Kuralt was named to Team Slovenia's official 2014 Winter Olympics roster.
Gulab Devi Postgraduate Medical Institute
Gulab Devi Postgraduate Medical Institute (abbreviated as only GPMI), established in 2004, is a postgraduate training institute for medical and health care professionals located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Gulab Devi Chest Hospital is attached to it as a training and teaching hospital.

The institute is accredited for training in FCPS Cardiology by the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Pakistan. PGMI is also affiliated with University of Health Sciences and constitutes Ameer-ud-Din Medical College.

College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan
The College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan (Urdu: طبیب و جراح کالج پاکستان, abbreviated as CPSP) is a regulatory college established in 1962 by a special act of the Parliament of Pakistan to oversee the postgraduate medical education and professional development. It offers certifications following postgraduate training in specialties of medicine, surgery and dentistry.
River Brede
The River Brede is an English river in East Sussex. It flows into the Rock Channel (tidal section of the River Tillingham) and then onto the River Rother at Rye, Sussex.  It takes its name from the village of Brede, which lies between Hastings and Tenterden.

Compound steam engine
A compound steam engine unit is a type of steam engine where steam is expanded in two or more stages.
A typical arrangement for a compound engine is that the steam is first expanded in a high-pressure (HP) cylinder, then having given up heat and losing pressure, it exhausts directly into one or more larger-volume low-pressure (LP) cylinders. Multiple-expansion engines employ additional cylinders, of progressively lower pressure, to extract further energy from the steam.

Invented in 1781, this technique was first employed on a Cornish beam engine in 1804. Around 1850, compound engines were first introduced into Lancashire textile mills.
Novomonastyrskoye
Novomonastyrskoye (Russian: Новомонастырское) is a rural locality (a selo) in Novokokhanovsky Selsoviet, Kizlyarsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 1,186 as of 2010. There are 9 streets.

Kizlyarsky District
Kizlyarsky District (Russian: Кизля́рский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic. The area of the district is 3,047 square kilometers or 1,176 square miles. Its administrative center is the town of Kizlyar (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 67,287.
Saucedilla
Saucedilla (Spanish pronunciation: [sawθeˈðiʎa]) is a municipality located in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain. 
It belongs to the Campo Arañuelo County (Comarca del Campo Arañuelo), the capital of which is Navalmoral de la Mata.

According to the 2010 census (INE), it had a population of 859 inhabitants.

Province of Cáceres
The province of Cáceres (Spanish: provincia de Cáceres; Portuguese: província de Cáceres; Extremaduran: provincia de Caçris; Fala: provincia de Cáciris) is a province of western Spain, and makes up the northern half of the autonomous community of Extremadura. Its capital is the city of Cáceres. Other cities in the province include Plasencia, Coria, Navalmoral de la Mata, and Trujillo, the birthplace of Francisco Pizarro González. As of 2024, the province had 388,652 inhabitants, of whom a quarter lived in the capital. The Tagus river runs through the province.
Phyllonorycter celtisella
Phyllonorycter celtisella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Ontario in Canada and Connecticut, Illinois, Kentucky, Ohio, Oklahoma, and Texas in the United States.

The larvae feed on Celtis species, including Celtis occidentalis. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine has the form of a blotch mine on the upperside of the leaf. The larva, of the cylindrical type in the later stages, enters the leaf on the lower surface, and makes a narrow linear mine, then cuts through the parenchyma to the upper side, where the mine broadens into an elongate blotch, made tent-like by a longitudinal ridge in each epidermis. The larvae eat the entire parenchyma, leaving merely the dark discoloured cuticles of the leaf.

Gracillariidae
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.