hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nicolaus Copernicus Monument, Kraków
The Nicolaus Copernicus Monument in Kraków (Polish: Pomnik Mikołaja Kopernika) is a notable landmark of Kraków, Poland.  It memorializes the astronomer Copernicus, who studied at the Kraków Academy and whose father came from that city, then the capital of Poland.

The statue, designed by sculptor Cyprian Godebski in 1899, was completed in 1900. It originally stood in the courtyard of the Jagiellonian University's Collegium Maius. In 1953 it was moved to Kraków's Planty Park, in front of the Collegium Witkowski building.

Collegium Maius, Kraków
The Collegium Maius (Latin for "Great College") located in Kraków Old Town, Poland, is the Jagiellonian University's oldest building, dating back to the 14th century. It stands at the corner of ulica Jagiellońska (Jagiellon Street) and ulica Świętej Anny (St. Anne Street) near the Main Square of the historic city centre. Collegium Maius is the location of the Jagiellonian University Museum (Polish: Muzeum Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego), a registered museum established on the initiative of Prof. Karol Estreicher after meticulous restorations which lasted from 1949 through 1964, bringing the edifice back to its original look from before 1840.
Out of the Inner Circle
Out of the Inner Circle: A Hacker's Guide to Computer Security is a book by Bill Landreth and Howard Rheingold, published in 1985 by Microsoft Press and distributed by Simon & Schuster (ISBN 0-671-30942-0). The book was created to provide insight into the ways and methods of the hacking community in the days before Internet became prevalent. Although largely outdated and nostalgic, it does show what brought on many of the current trends we see in network security today.

Microsoft Press
Microsoft Press is the publishing division of Microsoft, producing books related to Microsoft technologies. Its early publications included The Apple Macintosh Book by Cary Lu and Exploring the IBM PCjr Home Computer by Peter Norton, published in 1984 at the West Coast Computer Faire. Over time, the publisher has released books authored by notable figures such as Charles Petzold, Steve McConnell, Mark Russinovich, and Jeffrey Richter.

In 2009, a distribution agreement was made with O'Reilly Media, which became the official distributor of Microsoft Press publications. This arrangement changed in 2014 when Pearson assumed distribution responsibilities.
Tina Sablan
Christina-Marie Elise Sablan (born May 18, 1981), also known as Tina Sablan, is a Northern Marianan politician and former news anchor in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). A member of the Democratic Party, Sablan was a member of the Commonwealth House of Representatives, representing Precinct Two.

Sablan was the Democratic Party candidate for CNMI Governor in the 2022 election, where she was the first female nominee from any major party. As of April 15, 2023, Sablan is the Democratic National Committeewoman from the Northern Mariana Islands.

Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives
The Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives is the lower house of the Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Legislature.

In the 2007 election cycle, the CNMI House membership was increased from 18 to 20. Representatives serve two-year terms and are elected from seven election districts:

District 1: Saipan (6 seats)

District 2: Saipan (2 seats)

District 3: Saipan & the Northern Islands (6 seats)

District 4: Saipan (2 seats)

District 5: Saipan (2 seats)

District 6: Tinian (1 seat)

District 7: Rota & Aguiguan (1 seat)

The Speaker of the Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives is chosen by the House from among its members.
WGCS
WGCS is an adult album alternative-formatted broadcast radio station. The station is licensed to Goshen, Indiana, and serves Goshen, Elkhart, and South Bend in Indiana. WGCS is owned by Goshen College and operated under their Goshen College Broadcasting Corporation licensee.

Adult album alternative
Adult album alternative (also triple-A, AAA, or adult alternative) is a radio format. Its roots trace to both the "classic album stations of the '70s as well as the alternative rock format that developed in the '80s." AAA programming is carried on more than 150 broadcast outlets in the United States, with a roughly even split between commercial and public stations.
Naval Special Forces (Libya)
The Libyan Naval Special Forces (Arabic: القوات الخاصة البحرية الليبية), commonly known by their colloquial name "Human Frogs" (Arabic: ضفادع بشرية, romanized: Dafadi‘ Bashariyya), are the principal special operations force of the Libyan Navy. Historically, they have been trained for a variety of missions including maritime reconnaissance, direct action, combat diving, sabotage, and counter-terrorism.

Sabotage
Sabotage is a deliberate action aimed at weakening a polity, government, effort, or organization through subversion, obstruction, demoralization,  destabilization, division, disruption, or destruction. One who engages in sabotage is a saboteur. Saboteurs typically try to conceal their identities because of the consequences of their actions and to avoid invoking legal and organizational requirements for addressing sabotage.
Upper Moreland Township, Pennsylvania
Upper Moreland Township is a township in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. Its population was 24,015 at the 2010 census. Upper Moreland Township is a primarily residential community located about 13 miles outside Center City Philadelphia. It is made up of distinctive neighborhoods that are complemented by several thriving business, industrial, and commercial districts.

SEPTA Suburban Division bus routes
The Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority operates or contracts operations of these routes serving points in Bucks, Chester, Delaware, and Montgomery counties, with a few routes operating into the city of Philadelphia. The Suburban Transit Division is broken down into three districts: Victory (Formerly: Red Arrow Division), Frontier, and Contract Operations.
Gavan Duffy (surname)
Gavan Duffy is a compound surname.  A list of people with the name include:

C. Gavan Duffy (1874–1958), Canadian politician and judge

Charles Gavan Duffy (1816–1903), Irish and Australian editor, politician, and jurist

Charles Cashel Gavan Duffy (1855–1932), Australian public servant

Charles Leonard Gavan Duffy (1882–1961), Australian judge

Frank Gavan Duffy (1852–1936), Australian jurist

George Gavan Duffy (1882–1951), Irish politician and jurist

Louise Gavan Duffy (1884–1969), Irish nationalist and Irish language enthusiast who founded an Irish language school

Charles Gavan Duffy
Sir Charles Gavan Duffy, KCMG, PC (12 April 1816 – 9 February 1903), was an Irish poet, politician and journalist (editor of The Nation), Young Irelander and tenant-rights activist. After emigrating to Australia in 1856 he entered the politics of Victoria on a platform of land reform, and in 1871–1872 served as the colony's 8th Premier.
Gadegast
Gadegast is a village and a former municipality in Wittenberg district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2011, it is part of the town Zahna-Elster. The municipality belonged to the administrative municipality (Verwaltungsgemeinschaft) of Elbaue-Fläming.

Wittenberg (district)
Wittenberg is a district (German: Kreis) in the east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Anhalt-Bitterfeld, the district-free city of Dessau-Roßlau, the districts of Potsdam-Mittelmark, Teltow-Fläming and Elbe-Elster in Brandenburg, and the district of Nordsachsen in Saxony. The capital and largest city is Wittenberg, famous for its association with the influential religious reformer Martin Luther and containing a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Catherine Troeh
Catherine Herrold Troeh (January 5, 1911 – June 28, 2007) was an American historian, artist, activist and advocate for Native American rights and culture, especially in the Pacific Northwest. She was a member and elder of the Chinook tribe and a direct descendant of the great chief, or tyee, of the Chinook people, Comcomly.

Burien, Washington
Burien (/ˈbjʊəriən/ BURE-ee-ən) is a suburban city in King County, Washington, United States, located south of Seattle on Puget Sound. As of the 2020 census, Burien's population was 52,066, which is a 56.3% increase since incorporation in 1993, making it the 25th most populous city in Washington. An annexation in 2010 increased the city's population significantly.
Herman Dreer
Herman H. Dreer (1888–1981) was an American academic administrator, educator, educational reformer, activist, author, editor, Baptist minister, and civil rights leader. He is best known for writing curriculum and programming for teaching African American History at most grade levels for early 20th-century public schools. Dreer is also credited with initiating Black History Month observance in the United States, alongside Carter G. Woodson.

Dreer re-opened Douglass University, and he founded a bank for African Americans in St. Louis, Missouri. His former home is listed on the National Register of Historic Places since February 2009.

Black History Month
Black History Month is an annually observed commemorative month originating in the United States, where it is also known as African-American History Month. It began as a way of remembering important people and events in African-American history, before it spread to other countries where it could celebrate black people worldwide. It initially lasted a week before becoming a month-long observation since 1970. It is celebrated in February in the United States and Canada, where it has received official recognition from governments, and more recently has also been celebrated in Ireland and the United Kingdom where it is observed in October.
Caughley Beach
Caughley Beach (77°13′S 166°26′E﻿ / ﻿77.217°S 166.433°E﻿ / -77.217; 166.433) is the northernmost beach on the ice-free coast south-west of Cape Bird, Ross Island, Antarctica. 
It was mapped by the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition, 1958–59, and named for Graeme Caughley, biologist with the party that visited Cape Bird.
New College Valley, Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) No.116, lies above the beach.

New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition
The New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE) describes a series of scientific explorations of the continent Antarctica. The expeditions were notably active throughout the 1950s and 1960s.
Organophosphine
Organophosphines are organophosphorus compounds with the formula PRnH3−n, where R is an organic substituent.  These compounds can be classified according to the value of n: primary phosphines (n = 1), secondary phosphines (n = 2), tertiary phosphines (n = 3). All adopt pyramidal structures. Organophosphines are generally colorless, lipophilic liquids or solids.  The parent of the organophosphines is phosphine (PH3).

Phosphole
Phosphole is the organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4PH; it is the phosphorus analog of pyrrole. The term phosphole also refers to substituted derivatives of the parent heterocycle. These compounds are of theoretical interest but also serve as ligands for transition metals and as precursors to more complex organophosphorus compounds.

Triphosphole, C2H3P3, is a heterocycle with 3 phosphorus atoms.

Pentaphosphole, P5H, is a cyclic compound with 5 phosphorus atoms.
45th New Brunswick Legislature
The 45th New Brunswick Legislative Assembly represented New Brunswick between May 28, 1963, and September 8, 1967.

Joseph Leonard O'Brien was Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick in 1963. He was succeeded by John Babbitt McNair in 1965.

Bernard A. Jean was chosen as speaker. H.H. Williamson became speaker in 1966 after Jean was named to the Executive Council.

The Liberal Party led by Louis Robichaud formed the government.

Joseph Leonard O'Brien
Joseph Leonard O'Brien (November 10, 1895 – June 18, 1973) was a Canadian politician and businessman. Born in South Nelson, New Brunswick, he was a member of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1925 to 1930 and was Speaker of the Assembly. By profession he was a lumber merchant, operating a small sawmill in South Nelson.

In 1940, he was elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the riding of Northumberland. A member of the National Government, he was defeated in 1945. In 1958, he was appointed the 21st Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick and served until 1965.

He purchased Beaubears Island, New Brunswick in 1920 for the sum of $1.00.  A monument stands in the national park on the island in his honour.

His remains rest at Malcolm Cemetery of St. Patrick's Church in Nelson-Miramichi, Miramichi, New Brunswick, Canada.
Greg Panos
Gregory Peter Panos (born September 24, 1956) is an American  writer, futurist, educator, strategic planning consultant, conference / event producer, and technology evangelist in augmented reality, virtual reality, human simulation, motion capture, performance animation, 3D character animation, human-computer interaction, and user experience design.

Morton Heilig, Dr. Phillip Mittleman, Dr. Alexander Schure, and John Whitney Sr. were mentors to Greg during his early exploration of computer graphics as a career path.

Greg has also worked as an actor and production assistant in several American films including: The Warriors (1979), The Wanderers (1979),  White Trash (1992).

History of the New York Institute of Technology
This article discusses the history of New York Institute of Technology (NYIT). The university was established in 1955 and is located primarily across two main campuses in Old Westbury and New York City, NY.
In and Out of the Garden: Madison Square Garden '81, '82, '83
In and Out of the Garden: Madison Square Garden '81, '82, '83 is a live album by the rock band the Grateful Dead.  Packaged as a box set, it contains six complete concerts on 17 CDs.  It was recorded at Madison Square Garden in New York City in 1981, 1982, and 1983.  It was released on September 23, 2022, in a limited edition of 12,500 numbered copies.

The March 9, 1981 concert included in In and Out of the Garden was also released on September 23, 2022, as a three-CD album called Madison Square Garden, New York, NY 3/9/81.

The title of the box set is taken from the opening verse of the song "St. Stephen", from their album Aoxomoxoa and performed during the 10/11/83 show.

In and Out of the Garden won a Grammy award for Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package.  It was the Grateful Dead's second Grammy, following their 2007 Lifetime Achievement Award.

Aoxomoxoa
Aoxomoxoa is the third studio album by American rock band the Grateful Dead, released on June 20, 1969, by Warner Bros.-Seven Arts. It was one of the first rock albums to be recorded using 16-track technology. The title is a meaningless palindrome, usually pronounced /ˌɒksəməkˈsoʊə/ OK-sə-mək-SOH-ə.

Rolling Stone, upon reviewing the album, mentioned that "no other music sustains a lifestyle so delicate and loving and lifelike". The album was certified gold by the RIAA on May 13, 1997. In 1991 Rolling Stone selected Aoxomoxoa as having the eighth best album cover of all time. It was voted number 674 in the third edition of Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums (2000).
1803 anti-Shia riots in Kabul
The 1803 anti-Shia riots in Kabul was a major sectarian uprising in the Durrani capital of Kabul, instigated by radical Sunni clerics and tribal levies against the Qizilbash population of Kabul's Chindawol quarter. The violence evolved into a full-scale siege of the Qizilbash mahalla and pushed Kabul into factional collapse, accelerating the political downfall of Mahmud Shah Durrani, and reshaping power dynamics across the Durrani state.

Qizilbash
Qizilbash or Kizilbash were a diverse array of mainly Turkoman Shia militant groups that flourished in Azerbaijan, Anatolia, Kurdistan, the Armenian highlands, and the Caucasus from the late 15th century onwards, and contributed to the foundation of the Safavid dynasty in early modern Iran.

By the 18th-century, anyone involved with the Safavid state—militarily, diplomatically, or administratively—came to be broadly referred to as "Qizilbash". It was eventually applied to some inhabitants of Iran. In the early 19th-century, Shia Muslims from Iran could be referred as "Qizilbash", thus highlighting the influence of the distinctive traits of the Safavids, despite the Iranian shah (king) Fath-Ali Shah Qajar (r. 1797–1834) simultaneously creating a Qajar dynastic identity grounded in the pre-Islamic past.
Moperone
Moperone (Luvatren, since discontinued) is a typical antipsychotic of the butyrophenone class which is marketed in Japan for the treatment of schizophrenia. It is an antagonist for the D2 (Ki 0.7–1.9 nM), D3 (Ki 0.1–1 nM), and 5-HT2A (Ki 52 nM) receptors. It also has a high binding affinity for the sigma receptors.

Sigma receptor
Sigma receptors (σ-receptors) are protein receptors that bind ligands such as 4-PPBP (4-phenyl-1-(4-phenylbutyl) piperidine), SA 4503 (cutamesine), ditolylguanidine, dimethyltryptamine, and siramesine. There are two subtypes, sigma-1 receptors (σ1) and sigma-2 receptors (σ2), which are classified as sigma receptors for their pharmacological similarities, even though they are evolutionarily unrelated. Some early literature proposed a third subtype ("sigma-3") based on phenylaminotetralin (PAT) ligands, but later work showed this binding corresponded to the histamine H1 receptor; "sigma-3" is not recognized in current nomenclature.

The fungal protein ERG2, a C-8 sterol isomerase, falls into the same protein family as sigma-1. Both localize to the ER membrane, although sigma-1 is also reported to be a cell surface receptor. Sigma-2 is an EXPERA domain protein with a mostly intracellular (ER membrane) localization.
2005–06 Danish 1st Division
The 2005–06 Danish 1st Division season was the 61st season of the Danish 1st Division league championship and the 20th consecutive as a second tier competition governed by the Danish Football Association.

The division-champion, Vejle, and runner-up, Randers, promoted to the 2006–07 Danish Superliga. The teams in the 14th, 15th and 16th places, LFA, BK Skjold and Brønshøj, relegated to 2006–07 Danish 2nd Divisions, and would be divided between the 2nd Division east and west, based on location.

Champion
A champion (from the late Latin campio) is the victor in a challenge, contest or competition. There can be a territorial pyramid of championships, e.g. local, regional/provincial/state, national, continental and world championships, and even further (artificial) divisions at one or more of these levels, as in association football. Their champions can be accordingly styled, e.g. national champion, world champion.
1998 Arizona Wildcats football team
The 1998 Arizona Wildcats football team represented the University of Arizona as a member of the  Pacific-10 Conference (Pac-10) during the 1998 NCAA Division I-A football season. Led by head coach Dick Tomey in his 12th season, the Wildcats captured a 12–1 record (7–1 against Pac-10 opponents) during the year. It was Arizona's first 11-or-more-win season in school history and the best record to date, which surpassed the 1993 team's record of ten wins. A loss to UCLA in the middle of the regular season prevented the Wildcats from earning an outright Pac-10 title and a potential spot in the Rose Bowl. The team appeared in the Holiday Bowl, and defeating Nebraska to complete the season.

1998 UCLA Bruins football team
The 1998 UCLA Bruins football team represented the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) as a member of the Pacific-10 Conference (Pac-10) during the 1998 NCAA Division I-A football season. Led by third-year head coach Bob Toledo, the Bruins compiled an overall record of 10–2 with a mark of 8–0 in conference play, winning the Pac-10 title. UCLA earned a berth in the Rose Bowl, where the Bruins lost to Wisconsin. UCLA was ranked No. 8 in both the final AP poll and the final Coaches Poll. The team played home games at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California.
Bo Berndtsson
Bo Berndtsson (born 24 December 1950), is a Swedish mathematician. His main contributions concern the theory of several complex variables and complex geometry. He gained  in 1971 a  BA degree from  the University of Gothenburg in Sweden and obtained his PhD in 1977 under the direction of Tord Ganelius. Since 1996 he has been a professor at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg. He has also been a guest professor at UCLA in Los Angeles, Université de Paris, Université Paul Sabatier in Toulouse, UAB in Barcelona and IPN in Mexico City.  Berndtsson has been  a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences since 2003. In 1995, he was awarded the Göran Gustafsson Prize and, in 2017, he received the Stefan Bergman Prize.

Instituto Politécnico Nacional
The National Polytechnic Institute (Spanish: Instituto Politécnico Nacional), abbreviated IPN, is one of the largest public universities in Mexico with 171,581 students at the high school, undergraduate and postgraduate levels. It was ranked third in Mexico, behind Tecnológico de Monterrey and UNAM and 246th in the Engineering and Technology category in 2025 by QS World University Rankings. It was founded on 1 January 1936 during the administration of President Lázaro Cárdenas.

The institute consists of 98 academic units offering 290 courses of study. It includes 57 technical careers, 79 undergraduate and 154 postgraduate programs. Its main campus, called 'Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos' or 'Zacatenco', located in northern Mexico City, covers approximately 530 acres (2.1 km2) .

The IPN is based primarily in Mexico City, but with several research institutes and facilities distributed over 22 states.
Teledyne Ryan Scarab
The Teledyne Ryan Model 324 Scarab is a jet-powered reconnaissance UAV developed in the United States in the 1980s for sale to Egypt. The Scarab is a medium-range reconnaissance asset, similar in operational concept to the old Ryan FireFly UAVs, but implemented with improved technology. It was designed to Egyptian Air Force requirements, and was first flown in 1988. 56 were delivered and the type remains in service. It is a neat UAV with low-midbody-mounted swept wings, a twin-fin tail, and a rear-mounted Teledyne CAE 373-8C turbojet engine with the intake on the rear spine of the UAV. Launch is by RATO booster, and recovery by parachute. The aircraft's guidance is pre-programmed, but a radio-control backup system is provided.

JATO
JATO (acronym for jet-assisted take-off) is a type of assisted take-off for helping overloaded aircraft into the air by providing additional thrust in the form of small rockets.  The term JATO is used interchangeably with the (more specific) term RATO, for rocket-assisted take-off (or, in RAF parlance, RATOG, for rocket-assisted take-off gear).
Banda district, India
Banda district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Banda is the district headquarters. It is a part of Chitrakoot Division.

Located in historical Bundelkhand region, Banda is famous for its Shajar stone which is used for making jewellery, and the historically and architecturally significant sites Khajuraho and Kalinjar. Khajuraho is a World Heritage Site famous for its elaborately carved temples. The fortress of Kalinjar is famed for its war history and its glorious rock sculptures.

Augite
Augite, also known as Augurite, is a common rock-forming  pyroxene mineral with formula (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe,Al,Ti)(Si,Al)2O6. The crystals are monoclinic and prismatic. Augite has two prominent cleavages, meeting at angles near 90 degrees.