hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Exodus of Muslims from Serbia (1862)
In 1862, there was a forced migration of 10,000 Muslims from the Serbian cities of Belgrade, Soko, Užice, Šabac, Smederevo and Kladovo, all of them garrison towns. The reason for the forced migration was the Kanlıca Conference, according to which all Muslims living on the territory of the Principality of Serbia had to be evicted. Since the Romani people were exempt from this, some of the Muslims began to call themselves Roma, in order to stay in their hometowns. The majority of the refugees migrated to Bosnia, Vidin and Niš. The exodus changed not only the ethno-religious composition of the Principality of Serbia but also of the Ottoman Empire. The withdrawal of the Muslim civilian population also marked the final withdrawal of the Ottoman garrison from Serbia.
Towards the beginning of the Great Eastern Crisis, the number of Muslims in the Serbian Principality had dropped to 6,000. Serbia had thus been almost entirely cleared of Muslims.

Sanjak of Vidin
The Sanjak of Vidin or the Vidin Sanjak (Bulgarian: Видински санджак, Serbian: Видински санџак, Turkish: Vidin Sancağı) was a sanjak in the Ottoman Empire, with Vidin as its administrative centre. It was established after the Battle of Nicopolis in 1396 out of the territories of the Tsardom of Vidin and in the mid-15th century annexed some territories that belonged to the Serbian Despotate before the Ottomans captured it.
Eccritotarsus catarinensis
Eccritotarsus catarinensis is a species of plant bug from Santa Catarina, Brazil. It is a sap-feeding mirid that removes a considerable amount of chlorophyll from water hyacinth  (Eichhornia crassipes, Pontederiaceae).

Eccritotarsus catarinensis has been used as a biological control agent on water hyacinth in several African countries and China. E. catarinensis was considered for release in Australia, but rejected due to potential impact on native Monochoria vaginalis. E. catarinensis is being considered for release in the United States, as existing biological control agents have not yet controlled invasive water hyacinth.

Eccritotarsus catarinensis was first collected for biocontrol testing by Stephan Neser of the South African Plant Protection Research Institute. According to Hill et al 1999 he found it in Santa Catarina state of Brazil. Its herbivory may have been noticed earlier however, by Bennett and Zwolfer in 1968 in Guyana, Suriname and/or Brazil.

Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of algae and plants. Its name is derived from the Greek words χλωρός (khloros, "pale green") and φύλλον (phyllon, "leaf"). Chlorophyll allows plants to absorb energy from light. Those pigments are involved in oxygenic photosynthesis, as opposed to bacteriochlorophylls, related molecules found only in bacteria and involved in anoxygenic photosynthesis.

Chlorophylls absorb light most strongly in the blue portion of the electromagnetic spectrum as well as the red portion. Conversely, it is a poor absorber of green and near-green portions of the spectrum. Hence chlorophyll-containing tissues appear green because green light, diffusively reflected by structures like cell walls, is less absorbed. Two types of chlorophyll exist in the photosystems of green plants: chlorophyll a and b.
First cabinet of Edward Szczepanik
The first cabinet of Edward Szczepanik (pierwszy rząd Edwarda Szczepanika) was the second-to-last of the cabinets of the Polish government-in-exile, preceding the cabinet of Kazimierz Sabbat (who became President) and second Szczepanik cabinet.

Prime Minister: Edward Szczepanik

Minister of Education: Czesław Czapliński

Minister of the Treasury: Stanisław Borczyk

Minister of the Emigrees Affairs: Zbigniew Scholtz

Minister of Home Affairs: Ryszard Kaczorowski

Minister of the Military Affairs: Lt. Col. Jerzy Morawicz

Minister of Foreign Affairs: Zygmunt Szkopiak

Minister of Justice: Stanisław Wiszniewski

Minister of Information: Andrzej Czyżewski

Minister of the Ordered Matters: Tadeusz Drzewiecki

Minister of the Relations with USSR-occupied nations: Aleksander Snastin

Secretary of the Council of Ministers: Jerzy Zaleski

Kazimierz Sabbat
Kazimierz Aleksander Sabbat (27 February 1913 – 19 July 1989), was President of Poland-in-exile from 8 April 1986 until his death, 19 July 1989, after serving (from 1976) as Prime Minister of the Polish government-in-exile.
3C 438
3C 438 is a Seyfert galaxy and  Fanaroff and Riley class II radio galaxy located in the constellation Cygnus. The radio galaxy has two lobes and there is a radio jet leading to the south lobe, which also has a prominent double hot spot. There is age variation across the lobes.

3C 438 is a member of a galaxy cluster and three galaxies are located close to it, the closest one being 4 arcseconds to the northeast. The galaxy cluster has been found when observed by the Chandra X-ray Observatory to have hot intergalactic gas, with a temperature of about 11 KeV, which when discovered in 2007 was the highest ever found, slightly hotter than the Bullet Cluster. The high temperature is the result of the merger of two galaxy clusters, as the relative movement of one subcluster has created a bow shock in the hot gas.

Electronvolt
In physics, an electronvolt (symbol eV), also written as electron-volt and electron volt, is a unit of measurement equivalent to the amount of kinetic energy gained by a single electron accelerating through an electric potential difference of one volt in a vacuum. When used as a unit of energy, the numerical value of 1 eV expressed in unit of joules (symbol J) is equal to the numerical value of the charge of an electron in coulombs (symbol C). Under the 2019 revision of the SI, this sets 1 eV equal to the exact value 1.602176634×10−19 J.
Historically, the electronvolt was devised as a standard unit of measure through its usefulness in electrostatic particle accelerator sciences, because a particle with electric charge q gains an energy E = qV after passing through a voltage of V.
Jay Q
Jeff Tennyson Quaye (born on December 24 in Osu), professionally known by his stage name Jay Q, is a Ghanaian musician, record producer, record executive, sound engineer, songwriter and keyboardist. He is the founder and current CEO of Q-Lex Entertainment and Jay-Qlex Recording Studio. He has produced albums for and overseen the careers of many musicians, including Buk Bak, VIP, Castro, Mzbel, Obrafour, Daddy Lumba, Nana Acheampong, Ofori Amponsah, Akosua Agyapong, Obuoba J. A. Adofo, Wulomei, and others. As a producer, Jay Q is credited as a key figure  in the popularization of Hiplife, Highlife and Gospel. He introduced Jama (kpanlogo) into Hiplife, which became laudable and was accepted in Ghana, Africa and the rest of the world. In 2003, Jay Q won an award for Best Sound Engineer in Ghana.

Wulomei
Wulomei is a Ghanaian music group that was founded in 1973 by Nii Tei Ashitey, with the encouragement of the dramatist and musician Saka Acquaye. Acquaye managed the band and wrote some of the music.

Ashitey had previously been a percussionist for the Tempos led by E.T. Mensah, Tubman Stars and Worker's Brigade highlife bands, but decided to create a more "rootsy" sound to, as he once put it, "bring something out for the youth to progress and to forget foreign music and do their own thing".

During the 1970s and 1980s, Wulomei made a number of successful tours to Europe and the United States.
Little Walnut Village, New Mexico
Little Walnut Village is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Grant County, New Mexico, United States. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.

The community is east of the center of Grant County and is bordered to the south by Silver City, the county seat. It is in the valley of Little Walnut Creek, which flows south from the Continental Divide, 2 miles (3 km) north of the community. The CDP is bordered to the north and west by Gila National Forest.

Continental Divide of the Americas
The Continental Divide of the Americas (also known as the Great Divide, the Western Divide or simply the Continental Divide; Spanish: Divisoria continental de América, Gran Divisoria) is the principal, and largely mountainous, hydrological divide of the Americas. The Continental Divide extends from the Bering Strait to the Strait of Magellan, and separates the watersheds that drain into the Pacific Ocean from those river systems that drain into the Atlantic and Arctic Ocean, including those that drain into the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, and Hudson Bay.

Although there are many other hydrological divides in the Americas, the Continental Divide is by far the most prominent of these because it tends to follow a line of high peaks along the main ranges of the Rocky Mountains and Andes, at a generally much higher elevation than the other hydrological divisions.
Aditya Sinha
Aditya Sinha is an Indian author and journalist. His last assignment was as the Editor-in-Chief of the Deccan Chronicle, based in Hyderabad, which also publishes the Asian Age in Delhi. He has been a journalist since 1987, occupying positions such as Editor-in-Chief of The New Indian Express and DNA. He has reported on terrorism in Punjab, Kashmir and Assam and has also done reporting from Peshawar, Pakistan. He started out as a crime reporter in Delhi.

Aditya Sinha has authored three books and co-authored three books. Among the books he has co-authored, includes "The Spy Chronicles: RAW, ISI and the Illusion of Peace", co-authored with a former R&AW chief, AS Dulat, and ISI chief, Asad Durrani. His first work of fiction was "The CEO Who Lost His Head" published in 2017.

Asad Durrani
Asad Ahmed Durrani (Urdu: اسد أحمد  درانی; born 7 February 1941) is a retired 3-star rank general in the Pakistan Army and presently a commentator, speaker and author. Durrani previously served as a Director General of the ISI and former Director General of the Pakistan Army's Military Intelligence.
Netball Jamaica Elite League
The Netball Jamaica Elite League is the top level netball league featuring teams from Jamaica. It was formed in 2013 and is organised by Netball Jamaica. The league features teams representing parishes of Jamaica. Between 2013 and 2019, due to sponsorship and naming rights arrangements, the league was known as the Berger Elite League. In 2014, Kingston Hummingbirds were the inaugural winners. Kingston Hummingbirds and Manchester Spurs are the league's most successful teams.

Sponsor (commercial)
Sponsoring something (or someone) is the act of supporting an event, activity, person, or organization financially or through the provision of products or services. The individual or group that provides the support, similar to a benefactor, is known as the sponsor.
Walter Prentice Bowers
Walter Prentice Bowers (May 19, 1855 – July 22, 1947) was an American general practitioner and the first editor of The New England Journal of Medicine. Born in Clinton, Massachusetts, he worked as a general practitioner in Worcester County for over four decades. He was president of the Massachusetts Medical Society from 1912 to 1914 and was managing editor of the society's journal, The New England Journal of Medicine, from 1921 until 1937. He was conferred an honorary Master of Arts by Harvard University in 1935.

Massachusetts Medical Society
The Massachusetts Medical Society (MMS) is the oldest continuously operating state medical association in the United States. Incorporated on November 1, 1781, by an act of the Massachusetts General Court, the MMS is a non-profit organization that consists of more than 25,000 physicians, medical students and residents. It is currently based in Waltham, Massachusetts. The majority of the members live or practice in Massachusetts and the immediate vicinity.
Northupite
Northupite is an uncommon evaporite mineral, with the chemical formula Na3Mg(CO3)2Cl. It occurs as colourless to dark grey or brown octahedral crystals and as globular masses. In synthetic material it forms a series with tychite (Na6Mg2(CO3)4SO4).

It was discovered in 1895 at Searles Lake, San Bernardino County, California by C. H. Northup (born 1861) from San Jose, California, for whom Northupite is named.

It occurs associated with tychite, pirssonite at Searles Lake and with shortite, trona, pirssonite, gaylussite, labuntsovite, searlesite, norsethite, loughlinite, pyrite and quartz in the Green River Formation of Wyoming.

Evaporite
An evaporite (/ɪˈvæpəˌraɪt/) is a water-soluble sedimentary mineral deposit caused by the concentration and crystallization (chemical precipitation) that results when enough of the water solvent evaporates from an aqueous solution. There are two types of evaporite deposits: marine, which can also be described as ocean deposits, and non-marine, which are found in standing bodies of water such as lakes. Evaporites are considered sedimentary rocks and are formed by chemical sediments.
WDMV
WDMV (700 kHz, "La Jefa 700") is a broadcast AM radio station licensed to Walkersville, Maryland, United States, serving the Washington metropolitan area. WDMV is owned and operated by Birach Broadcasting Corporation.

Washington metropolitan area
The Washington metropolitan area (also referred to as the National Capital Region, Greater Washington, or locally as the DMV, short for District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia) is the metropolitan area comprising Washington, D.C., the federal capital of the United States, and its surroundings. The metropolitan area includes all of Washington, D.C., and parts of Maryland, Virginia and even West Virginia.

The United States federal government defines the area as the Washington–DC, VA–MD–WV metropolitan statistical area. It anchors the southern end of the densely populated Northeast megalopolis and is part of the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area, the country's third-largest. The area's estimated total population of 6,304,975 (as of 2023) makes it the country's seventh-most populous metropolitan area. It is one of the country's most educated and affluent metropolitan areas.
Springford
Springford is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Norman Springford (born 1944), Scottish businessman

Ruth Springford (1921–2010), Canadian actress

Vivian Springford (1913–2003), American artist

Norman Springford
Norman Springford OBE (born December 1944) is the former chairman of The Ross Development Trust and former Executive Chairman of Apex Hotels.

An accountant by profession, Norman Springford, worked for the Inland Revenue and then became the owner/manager of a number of public houses, bingo halls, and the Edinburgh Playhouse.

He opened his first hotel, the Apex International Hotel, in Edinburgh in 1996. The group now own ten hotels across London, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Dundee and Bath. In 2014 relinquished his position as chairman of the company, handing over to his son Ian.

In 2011 he was credited with saving the Princes Street Gardens ice rink. In June 2018, he was awarded the OBE for services to the Scottish tourism industry.
Babiniec, Łódź Voivodeship
Babiniec [baˈbiɲɛt͡s] is a settlement  of przysiółek type in the administrative district of Gmina Zadzim, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) south of Zadzim, 25 km (16 mi) south of Poddębice, and 44 km (27 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Poddębice
Poddębice [pɔdːɛmˈbʲit͡sɛ] is a town in central Poland, in Łódź Voivodeship. It is the capital of Poddębice County. It lies approximately 40 km (25 mi) northwest of Łódź. Population is 7,245 (2020). It is located within the historic Łęczyca Land.
Kursadžije
Kursadžije (known from 2008 onward as Maduranti [Graduates]) is a Serbian comedy series broadcast by TV Pink from 2006 to 2008, with a short revival in 2013. The sitcom is situated in a police academy, where the students come from each republic of the former Yugoslavia. Initially with six students for the six independent republics at the time, the cast grew to include an Albanian from Kosovo and a Gypsy.

For Season 3, all of the students participated in their version of Jugovizija, where they sing for their respective republic, a parody of the Eurovision Song Contest.

Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest
Yugoslavia was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 27 times, debuting in 1961 and competing every year until its last appearance in 1992, with the exceptions of 1977–1980, and 1985. The Yugoslavian participating broadcaster in the contest was Yugoslav Radio Television (JRT), which usually selected its entrant with a national final. Yugoslavia won the 1989 contest and hosted the 1990 contest.

"Neke davne zvezde" performed by Ljiljana Petrović was Yugoslavia's first entrant in the contest in 1961 and placed eighth. In the 1962 contest, "Ne pali svetla u sumrak" by Lola Novaković gave the country its first top five result, finishing fourth. This would remain Yugoslavia's only top five result until the 1983 contest, when "Džuli" by Danijel finished fourth. "Ja sam za ples" by Novi Fosili also finished fourth in the 1987 contest. In 1989, the country achieved its only victory in the contest, when "Rock Me" by Riva won.
Daniel Ryan (Tasmanian politician)
Daniel Edward Ryan (9 September 1870 – 31 March 1953) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Franklin. In 1915 he was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly as a Liberal member for Franklin in a by-election following Norman Ewing's resignation. He did not contest the next election held in 1916. Ryan died in Hobart in 1953.

Division of Franklin (state)
The electoral division of Franklin is one of the five electorates in the Tasmanian House of Assembly, located in southern Tasmania and includes Bruny Island, Kingston and the eastern shore of the Derwent River. Franklin is named after Sir John Franklin, the Arctic explorer who was Lieutenant-Governor of Van Diemen's Land (1837–43). The division shares its name and boundaries with the federal division of Franklin.

Franklin and the other House of Assembly electoral divisions are each represented by seven members elected under the Hare-Clark electoral system.
Schimmelmann
Schimmelmann is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Caroline von Schimmelmann, née Tugendreich Friedeborn (1730–1795), Danish countess

Charlotte Schimmelmann (1757–1816), Danish noble woman and salonist

Ernst Heinrich von Schimmelmann (1747–1831), German-Danish politician, businessman and patron of the arts

Heinrich Carl von Schimmelmann (1724–1782), German merchant, forgerer and banker during the Seven Years' War

Wulf von Schimmelmann (born 1947), German manager

Wulf von Schimmelmann
Wulf Freiherr von Schimmelmann (born February 19, 1947, in Steinhöring) is a German manager. He was chairman of the Postbank's executive board from February 1999 to June 2007, and was chairman of the supervisory board of Deutsche Post AG between January 1, 2009, and April 2018.
Salzer
Salzer, otherwise Saltzer and Sälzer, is a German surname meaning "salter". Notable people with this surname include the following:

Bernhard Sälzer (1940–1993), German MEP

Bruno Sälzer (born 1957), German CEO of Escada, international luxury fashion group

Else Rambausek-Salzer (1907–1994), Austrian actress and singer

Felix Salzer (1904–1986), Austrian-American music theorist and musicologist

František Salzer (1902–1974), Czech actor and director

Friedrich Salzer (1827–1876), German landscape painter

Jerry Saltzer (born 1939), American computer scientist

Lisel Salzer (1906–2005), Austrian-born American painter

Monika Salzer (born 1948) Austrian psychotherapist, Protestant theologian and pastor, columnist, and author

Otto Salzer (1874–1944), German racing car driver

Robert Samuel Salzer (1919–1988), Vice Admiral of the United States Navy

Monika Salzer
Monika Salzer (born 11 February 1948) is an Austrian  psychotherapist, Protestant theologian and pastor, columnist, and author. She worked in hospitals handling clinical pastoral care for the seriously ill, including the education of voluntary caretakers. Later, she had a private practice as a systematic psychotherapist, helped to restructure the organisation of the Protestant Church of the Augsburg Confession in Austria, was a columnist for the Kronen Zeitung, and co-founded the protest initiative Omas gegen Rechts (Grannies against the Right).
Archduchess Maria Elisabeth of Austria (born 1743)
Maria Elisabeth of Austria (German: Maria Elisabeth Josefa Johanna Antonia; 13 August 1743 – 22 September 1808) was an archduchess of Austria and princess of Tuscany, Bohemia, and Hungary as the daughter of Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Francis I. She was an abbess of the Theresian Institution of Noble Ladies in Innsbruck from 1780 until 1806.

Theresian Institution of Noble Ladies
The Theresian Institution of Noble Ladies (Czech: Tereziánský ústav šlechtičen), officially the Imperial and Royal Theresian Stift for Noble Ladies in the Castle of Prague, was a Catholic monastic chapter of secular canonesses in Hradčany that admitted women from impoverished noble families from 1753 until 1918.
2023 Platzmann-Sauerland Open – Doubles
Robin Haase and Sem Verbeek were the defending champions but only Verbeek chose to defend his title, partnering Daniel Cukierman. Verbeek lost in the quarterfinals to Gabriel Roveri Sidney and Akira Santillan.

Luca Margaroli and Santiago Rodríguez Taverna won the title after defeating Jakob Schnaitter and Kai Wehnelt 7–6(7–4), 6–4 in the final.

Robin Haase
Robin Haase (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈrɔbɪn ˈɦaːzə]; born 6 April 1987) is a Dutch professional tennis player.
He reached his career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 33 in July 2012 and his highest doubles ranking of world No. 29 in May 2023.

In doubles, he has won ten titles on the ATP Tour, most notably the 2022 Rotterdam Open with Matwé Middelkoop. Haase reached the final of the 2013 Australian Open in doubles alongside compatriot Igor Sijsling, and has also reached four doubles finals at Masters 1000 level. He has represented the Netherlands in the Davis Cup since 2006, and also competed at the 2012 and 2016 Olympic Games.
In singles, he has won two titles, at the Austrian Open in 2011 and 2012. He also reached the semifinals of the 2017 Canadian Open, and his best Grand Slam singles result was reaching the third round at the Australian Open and Wimbledon Championships in 2011.
Loire's 2nd constituency
The 2nd constituency of Loire is one of six French legislative constituencies in the Loire department, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region.

It consists of the (pre-2014 cantonal re-organisation) cantons of
Saint Étienne South-East 1, 2 and 3 and Saint Étienne South-West 1.
Its population was 85,551
at the 1999 census.

Loire (department)
Loire (/lwɑːr/; French pronunciation: [lwaʁ]; Arpitan: Lêre; Occitan: Léger or Leir) is a landlocked department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France occupying the river Loire's upper reaches. Its prefecture is Saint-Étienne. It had a population of 765,634 in 2019.