hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anneke Levelt Sengers
Johanna Maria Henrica (Anneke) Levelt Sengers (4 March 1929 – 28 February 2024) was a Dutch physicist known for her work on critical states of fluids. She retired from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 1994, after a 31 year career there. In 2005 Levelt Sengers was co-chair (with Dr Manju Sharma) for the InterAcademy Council of the advisory report 'Women for Science' published June 2006. She co-chaired the InterAmerican Network of Academies of Sciences women for science program.

Manju Sharma (biologist)
Manju Sharma (13 December 1940 – 31 October 2024) was an Indian biotechnologist and administrator of several scientific research and policy-making bodies in India. She was most recently the president and executive director at the Indian Institute of Advanced Research in Gandhinagar, Gujarat. She earlier served as the secretary, Department of Biotechnology, in the Indian Ministry of Science and Technology, and was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 2007.

Some credit Sharma with pioneering biotechnology research in India. She played a significant role in establishing several institutions in the country, including the National Institute of Immunology, the National Institute of Plant Genome Research, the Biomass Research Centres at Lucknow and Madurai, the Plant Molecular Biology Unit in University of Delhi and the Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics.
Kremenki
Kremenki (Russian: Кременки) or Kremyonki (Кремёнки) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Kremyonki, Kaluga Oblast, a town in Zhukovsky District of Kaluga Oblast

Rural localities

Kremenki, Dalnekonstantinovsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a village in Nizhegorodsky Selsoviet of Dalnekonstantinovsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Kremenki, Diveyevsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a selo in Diveyevsky Selsoviet of Diveyevsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Kremenki, Lyskovsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a village in Barminsky Selsoviet of Lyskovsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Kremenki, Ulyanovsk Oblast, a selo in Pribrezhnensky Rural Okrug of Staromaynsky District of Ulyanovsk Oblast

Zhukovsky District, Kaluga Oblast
Zhukovsky District (Russian: Жуковский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kaluga Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,360 square kilometers (530 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Zhukov.  Population: 62,370 (2021 census); 48,999 (2010 census); 46,180 (2002 Census); 45,940 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Zhukov accounts for 26.0% of the district's total population.
Newell Morrison
Newell Orrin Ruston Morrison (July 28, 1924 – July 31, 2013) was a Canadian politician. He served in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1972 to 1975, as a Social Credit member for the constituency of Victoria.

Newell, a long-time resident of Victoria, British Columbia, was well known as an auto dealer, entrepreneur, MLA for Victoria and CEO of BC Development Corp. His interests included flying, having trained as a WWII RCAF pilot; a lifelong love of cars, travel and most importantly his love of family.

Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
The Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (French: Assemblée législative de la Colombie-Britannique) is the deliberative assembly of the Legislature of British Columbia, in the province of British Columbia, Canada. The legislature also includes the lieutenant governor of British Columbia. The assembly has 93 elected members and meets in Victoria. Members are elected from provincial ridings and are referred to as members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor in the name of the King of Canada.

The current legislature is the 43rd Parliament. The most recent general election was held on October 19, 2024. Proceedings of the Legislative Assembly are broadcast by Hansard Broadcasting Services.
Rathcoffey
Rathcoffey (Irish: Ráth Chofaigh, meaning 'Cofaigh's ringfort') is a village in County Kildare, Ireland, around 30 km west of Dublin city centre. It had a population of 271 as of 2016 census. The village church, Rathcoffey Church, is part of the Clane & Rathcoffey Parish, and was built in 1710. Rathcoffey National School, a co-educational Catholic primary school, is the only educational institution in the village. Rathcoffey GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) club based in Rathcoffey. The club was founded in February 1888. Teams representing the club play hurling, camogie and Gaelic football.

The Wogan family of Rathcoffey Castle were the principal landowners in Rathcoffey in the Middle Ages. In 1453, a private war erupted between different branches of the Wogan family for possession of Rathcoffey Castle.

Ringfort
Ringforts or ring forts are small circular fortified settlements built during the Bronze Age, Iron Age and early Middle Ages up to about the year 1000 AD. They are found in Northern Europe, especially in Ireland. There are also many in South Wales and in Cornwall, where they are called rounds. Ringforts come in many sizes and may be made of stone or earth. Earthen ringforts would have been marked by a circular rampart (a bank and ditch), often with a stakewall. Both stone and earthen ringforts would generally have had at least one building inside.
Taylor Ewert
Taylor Ewert (born November 21, 2001) is an American long-distance runner and college track and field athlete for the University of Arkansas and Michigan State University. In high school, she set numerous records and was the cross country OHSAA Division I individual state champion in 2019, representing Beavercreek High School. Ewert committed to the University of Arkansas later that year, and in 2020, she was named the Gatorade National Girls Track and Field Athlete of the Year.

Ohio High School Athletic Association
The Ohio High School Athletic Association (OHSAA) is the governing body of athletic programs for junior and senior high schools in the U.S. state of Ohio. The OHSAA governs eligibility of student athletes, resolves disputes, organizes levels of competition by divisional separation of schools according to attendance population, and conducts state championship competitions in all the OHSAA-sanctioned sports.
Ambrosio de Morales
Ambrosio de Morales (Cordoba, Spain, 1513 – ib., 21 September 1591) was a Spanish historian. After his studies at the University of Salamanca and Alcalá, he took Holy orders. Soon he was elected to the chair of Belles-Lettres at Alcalá. In 1574 he was appointed chronicler of Castile and commissioned to continue Florián de Ocampo's Crónica General de España. This he brought down, after ten years of labour on it, to the date of the union of Castile and León under Ferdinand I. His pupil Sandoval continued it down to 1079.

Ferdinand I of León
Ferdinand I (c. 1015 – 24 December 1065), called the Great (el Magno), was the count of Castile from his uncle's death in 1029 and the king of León after defeating his brother-in-law in 1037. According to tradition, he was the first to have himself crowned Emperor of Spain (1056), and his heirs carried on the tradition. He was a younger son of Sancho III of Navarre and Muniadona of Castile, and by his father's will recognised the supremacy of his eldest brother, García Sánchez III of Navarre. While Ferdinand inaugurated the rule of the Navarrese Jiménez dynasty over western Spain, his rise to preeminence among the Christian rulers of the peninsula shifted the focus of power and culture westward after more than a century of Leonese decline. Nevertheless, "[t]he internal consolidation of the realm of León–Castilla under Fernando el Magno and [his queen] Sancha (1037–1065) is a history that remains to be researched and written."
Carmi, British Columbia
Carmi (/ˈkɑːrmaɪ/ KAR-my) is a hamlet in the Boundary Country region of southern British Columbia. The town is on the west side of the West Kettle River, east of Penticton, on Hwy 33. Carmi emerged as a silver mining camp just after the turn of the 20th century, named after the nearby mine owned by James C. Dale from Carmi, Illinois.

By 1910, Carmi comprised crude log cabins and a hotel owned by "Trapper" Smith. When the mine closed, the town mostly disappeared after three decades of existence. Passenger train service ceased in the early 1960s. The abandoned Smith House hotel burnt to the ground in 2000.

Although comprising a few residences, most of the old cabins have disappeared with time.

Silver mining
Silver mining is the extraction of silver by mining. Silver is a precious metal and holds high economic value. Because silver is often found in intimate combination with other metals, its extraction requires the use of complex technologies. In 2008, approximately 25,900 metric tons of silver were consumed worldwide, most of which came from mining. Silver mining has a variety of effects on the environment, humans, and animals.
S. Paramasivam
S. Paramasivam was an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as a Swatantra Party candidate from Andipatti constituency in 1967 election.

Swatantra Party
The Swatantra Party (lit. 'Free Party'  or 'Independent Party') was an Indian classical liberal political party that existed from 1959 to 1974. It was founded by C. Rajagopalachari in reaction to what he felt was the increasingly socialist and statist outlook of the ruling Indian National Congress government under prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru.

The party had a number of distinguished leaders, most of them old Congress leaders, like C. Rajagopalachari, Minoo Masani, N. G. Ranga, Darshan Singh Pheruman, Udham Singh Nagoke, and K. M. Munshi.

Swatantra stood for a market-based economy and the dismantling of the "Licence Raj" although it opposed laissez-faire policies. Nehru was highly critical of Swatantra and dubbed it as belonging to "the middle ages of lords, castles, and zamindars".
Kate Locke
Kate Locke is one of six pen names of a Canadian-born author, born in 1971, who also goes by the names Kate Cross, Kady Cross, Kathryn Smith, Kate Kessler and Kate McLaughlin depending on the genre she writes.

Smith's earliest novels were paranormal romances in an historical setting, written under the name Kathryn Smith. She then turned to writing steampunk for young adults as Kady Cross and steampunk romances as Kate Cross. The Immortal Empire series, set in an alternate steampunk London, was published as Kate Locke and categorised as urban fantasy. It is unclear which, if any, is her 'real' name (maiden or married), and which are fictional, however the copyright statement in all her books is assigned to Kathryn Smith.

She and her husband, Steve (no last name given), currently live in Connecticut.

Urban fantasy
Urban fantasy is a subgenre of fantasy, placing supernatural elements in a contemporary urban-affected setting. The combination provides the writer with a platform for classic fantasy tropes, quixotic plot-elements, and unusual characters—without demanding the creation of an entire imaginary world.

Precursors of urban fantasy are found in popular fiction of the 19th century and the present use of the term dates back to the 1970s. Much of its audience was established in the 1930s–50s with the success of light supernatural fare in film and, later, television. The genre's current publishing popularity began in 1980s North America, as writers and publishers were encouraged by the success of Stephen King and Anne Rice.
Alisa Stephens-Shields
Alisa J. Stephens-Shields is an American biostatistician whose research focuses on the statistics of clinical trials, including cluster-randomised controlled trials, longitudinal data, semiparametric models, and causal inference.  She is an associate professor of biostatistics in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, where she has been a collaborator on studies on pelvic pain and on the effects of testosterone treatment on older men. She also holds an adjunct faculty position at Harvard University.

Panel data
In statistics and econometrics, panel data and longitudinal data are both multi-dimensional data involving measurements over time. Panel data is a subset of longitudinal data where observations are for the same subjects each time.

Time series and cross-sectional data can be thought of as special cases of panel data that are in one dimension only (one panel member or individual for the former, one time point for the latter). A literature search often involves time series, cross-sectional, or panel data.

A study that uses panel data is called a longitudinal study or panel study.
Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope
The Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (or KELT) is an astronomical observation system formed by two robotic telescopes that are conducting a survey for transiting exoplanets around bright stars.  The project is jointly administered by members of Ohio State University Department of Astronomy, the Vanderbilt University Department of Physics and Astronomy Astronomy Group, the Lehigh University Department of Physics, and the South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO).

Robotic telescope
A robotic telescope is an astronomical telescope and detector system that makes observations without the intervention of a human.  In astronomical disciplines, a telescope qualifies as robotic if it makes those observations without being operated by a human, even if a human has to initiate the observations at the beginning of the night or end them in the morning. It may have software agents using artificial intelligence that assist in various ways such as automatic scheduling. A robotic telescope is distinct from a remote telescope, though an instrument can be both robotic and remote.

By 2004, robotic observations accounted for an overwhelming percentage of the published scientific information on asteroid orbits and discoveries, variable star studies, supernova light curves and discoveries, comet orbits and gravitational microlensing observations.

All early phase gamma ray burst observations were carried by robotic telescopes.
Henry Goodricke (1741–1784)
Henry Goodricke (6 April 1741 – 9 July 1784) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1778 to 1780.

Goodricke was the only son of Sir John Goodricke, 5th Baronet and his wife Mary Benson, illegitimate daughter of Robert Benson, 1st Baron Bingley. His father was a diplomat and he was born at Boulogne on 6 April 1741. He married Levina Benjamina Sessler, daughter of Peter Sessler of Namur on 31 January 1761.

Goodricke was elected unopposed as Member of Parliament (MP) for Lymington on the Burrard interest at a by-election on 4 December 1778. He left the House of Commons at the 1780 general election.

Goodricke died on 9 July 1784. He had three sons and four daughters, not all of whom survived him. His son Henry succeeded to the baronetcy on the death of the 5th Baronet.

House of Commons
The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the upper house of parliament, which is nominally superior. The leader of the majority party in the House of Commons by convention becomes the prime minister. Other parliaments have also had a lower house called the "House of Commons".
Big Salmon River Suspension Bridge
Big Salmon River Suspension Bridge is a suspension footbridge in New Brunswick, Canada. It was built in 1974 and measures 84m in length. It spans the Big Salmon River, a small river which flows into the Bay of Fundy near Fundy-St. Martins.

The suspension bridge can be accessed by the Suspension Bridge Trail. This trail begins at the Fundy Trail Parkway parking area P8 near the Mitchell Franklin Bridge.

Fundy-St. Martins
Fundy-St. Martins is a village municipality in the Canadian province of New Brunswick. The jurisdiction was formed through the 2023 New Brunswick local governance reforms which saw the consolidation of entities into regions or districts.
María Lourdes Caldera
María Lourdes Caldera Méndez is a pageant titleholder, was born in Maracaibo, Venezuela on January 24, 1983, and grew up in Caracas, Venezuela. She is the Miss Turismo Venezuela (Miss Tourism Venezuela) titleholder for 2007, and was the official representative of Venezuela to the Miss Tourism Queen International pageant held in  Zhengzhou, China on April 10, 2008; when she won the Best Evening Gown award. She was represented the Distrito Capital in the Miss Venezuela 2008 pageant, on September 10, 2008, but unplaced.

Miss Venezuela 2008
Miss Venezuela 2008 was the 55th Miss Venezuela pageant, held at the Poliedro de Caracas in Caracas, Venezuela, on September 10, 2008.

Dayana Mendoza of Amazonas crowned Stefania Fernández of Trujillo as her successor at the end of the event.

On July 29, Osmel Sousa assumed further control of the selection process by directly appointing the 28 final contestants from a pool of 73 candidates.  Although winners of regional and state contests have never been guaranteed participation in the final Miss Venezuela pageant, this direct selection resulted in the unprecedented elimination of the representatives of Falcón, Lara, Sucre, Vargas and Nueva Esparta.  In addition to the two aforementioned titleholders from Zulia, a total of seven state winners were consequently stripped of their titles, which will be carried in the final pageant by other candidates.
Publius Cornelius Cossus (consular tribune 408 BC)
Publius Cornelius Cossus was a consular tribune in 408 BC of the Roman Republic.

Cornelius belonged to the Cornelia gens, one of the older patrician gens of the Republic. Cornelius father was the Roman hero Aulus Cornelius Cossus who had killed the King of the Veii, Lars Tolumnius, in single combat. Cornelius had two known brothers, Aulus Cornelius Cossus, consul in 413 BC and Gnaeus Cornelius Cossus, consul in 409 BC. Following filiations it would seem that Gnaeus Cornelius Cossus, consular tribune in 406, and Publius Cornelius Cossus, consular tribune in 395 BC, were the sons of Cornelius or his namesake, Publius Cornelius Cossus, consular tribune in 415 BC.

Gens
In ancient Rome, a gens (/ɡɛns/ or /dʒɛnz/, Latin: [gẽːs]; pl.: gentes [ˈgɛnteːs]) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen gentilicium and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens, sometimes identified by a distinct cognomen, was called a stirps (pl.: stirpes). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged. Certain gentes were classified as patrician, others as plebeian; some had both patrician and plebeian branches. The importance of the gens as a social structure declined considerably in imperial times, although the gentilicium continued to define the origins and dynasties of the ancient Romans, including the emperors.
Wyche baronets
The Wyche Baronetcy, of Chewton in the County of Somerset, was a title in the Baronetage of Great Britain. It was created on 20 December 1729 for Cyril Wyche, subsequently Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Russia. He was the son of John Wyche, Envoy Extraordinary at Hamburg, the grandson of Sir Peter Wyche, the great-grandson of Sir Peter Wyche and the grand-nephew of Sir Cyril Wyche. Wyche had no surviving sons and the title became extinct upon his death in 1756.

Cyril Wyche
Sir Cyril Wyche FRS (c. 1632 – 28 December 1707) was an English lawyer and politician. He served two terms in the Dublin Castle administration as Chief Secretary for Ireland and was a Lord Justice of Ireland from 1693 to 1695. He was the fifth President of the Royal Society, and represented several constituencies in both the House of Commons of England and the Irish House of Commons.
Apple Computer, Inc. v Mackintosh Computers Ltd.
Apple Computer, Inc. v Mackintosh Computers Ltd. [1990] 2 S.C.R. 209, is a Supreme Court of Canada case on copyright law regarding the copyrightability of software. The Court found that programs within ROM silicon chips (in this case, the Autostart ROM and Applesoft in Apple II+ systems) are protected under the Copyright Act, and that the conversion from the source code into object code was a reproduction that did not alter the copyright protection of the original work.

Software copyright
Software copyright is the application of copyright in law to machine-readable software. While many of the legal principles and policy debates concerning software copyright have close parallels in other domains of copyright law, there are a number of distinctive issues that arise with software. This article primarily focuses on topics particular to software.

Software copyright is used by software developers and proprietary software companies to prevent the unauthorized copying of their software. Free and open source licenses also rely on copyright law to enforce their terms. For instance, copyleft licenses impose a duty on licensees to share their modifications to the work with the user or copy owner under some circumstances. No such duty would apply had the software in question been in the public domain.
Parking orbit
A parking orbit is a temporary orbit used during the launch of a spacecraft. A launch vehicle follows a trajectory to the parking orbit, then coasts for a while, then engines fire again to enter the final desired trajectory.

An alternative trajectory that is used on some missions is direct injection, where the rocket fires continuously (except during staging) until its fuel is exhausted, ending with the payload on the final trajectory. This technique was first used by the Soviet Venera 1 mission to Venus in 1961.

Trajectory
A trajectory is the path an object takes through its motion over time. In classical mechanics, a trajectory is defined by Hamiltonian mechanics via canonical coordinates; hence, a complete trajectory is defined by position and momentum, simultaneously.

The object as a mass might be a projectile or a satellite. For example, it can be an orbit — the path of a planet, asteroid, or comet as it travels around a central mass.

In control theory, a trajectory is a time-ordered set of states of a dynamical system (see e.g. Poincaré map). In discrete mathematics, a trajectory is a sequence  of values calculated by the iterated application of a mapping  to an element  of its source.
Zugeily Soto
Zugeily Soto (born 9 October 1996) is a Puerto Rican handball player who plays for the club Santa Isabel Handball. She is member of the Puerto Rican national team. She competed at the 2015 World Women's Handball Championship in Denmark.

2015 World Women's Handball Championship
The 2015 IHF World Women's Handball Championship, the 22nd event hosted by the International Handball Federation, was held in Denmark. The decision to select Denmark as the host was announced on 27 January 2011.

In the final Norway won 31–23 against the Netherlands to gain their third title. Romania won bronze after they defeated Poland 31–22.
Jorge Cáceres (poet)
Jorge Cáceres, real name Luis Sergio Cáceres Toro (April 18, 1923 – September 21, 1949), was a Chilean poet, painter, and dancer. He was also known as the "fourth musketeer" of the elite Chilean Surrealist group La Mandrágora.

He is discussed as a favorite of the Garmendia sisters in the Roberto Bolaño novel Distant Star, in particular his work Bound for the Great Polar Pyramid.

Distant Star
Distant Star (Spanish: Estrella distante) is a novella by Chilean author Roberto Bolaño, first published in Spanish in 1996. Chris Andrews’s English translation was published by Harvill Press/ New Directions in 2004. The story is based on "The Infamous Ramírez Hoffman", the last chapter of Bolaño's book of imaginary history of Nazi Literature in the Americas in which the protagonist's name is Carlos Ramírez Hoffman.