hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elisabetta Barbato
Elisabetta Barbato (11 September 1921 in Barletta, Apulia – 1 February 2014 in Rome) was an Italian operatic soprano.

Barbato made her debut at Teatro dell'Opera di Roma in 1944, singing the role of Garsenda in Zandonai's Francesca da Rimini.

Barbato first performed in the United States in the title role of Tosca with the San Francisco Opera.

Barbato provided the sung parts for Anna Magnani's role in the film Avanti a lui tremava tutta Roma (1946).

Elisabetta Barbato as Donna Leonora in La forza del destino, Teatro alla Scala, Milan, 1946

La forza del destino
La forza del destino (Italian pronunciation: [la ˈfɔrtsa del deˈstiːno]; The Power of Fate,  often translated as The Force of Destiny) is an Italian opera by  Giuseppe Verdi. The  libretto was written by Francesco Maria Piave based on a Spanish drama, Don Álvaro o la fuerza del sino (1835), by Ángel de Saavedra, 3rd Duke of Rivas, with a scene adapted from Friedrich Schiller's Wallensteins Lager (Wallenstein's Camp). It was first performed in the Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre of Saint Petersburg, Russia, on 29 October 1862 O.S. (N.S. 10 November).

La forza del destino is frequently performed, and there have been a number of complete recordings. In addition, the overture (to the revised version of the opera) is part of the standard repertoire for orchestras, often played as the opening piece at concerts.
Diana of the Crossways (film)
Diana of the Crossways is a 1922 British silent drama film directed by Denison Clift and starring Fay Compton, Henry Victor and Joseph Tozer. It is an adaptation of the 1885 novel Diana of the Crossways by George Meredith.

George Meredith
George Meredith OM (12 February 1828 – 18 May 1909) was an English novelist and poet of the Victorian era. At first, his focus was poetry, influenced by John Keats among others, but Meredith gradually established a reputation as a novelist. The Ordeal of Richard Feverel (1859) briefly scandalised Victorian literary circles. Of his later novels, the most enduring is The Egoist (1879), though in his lifetime his greatest success was Diana of the Crossways (1885). His novels were innovative in their attention to characters' psychology, and also portrayed social change. His style, in both poetry and prose, was noted for its syntactic complexity; Oscar Wilde likened it to "chaos illumined by brilliant flashes of lightning". Meredith was an encourager of other novelists, as well as an influence on them; among those to benefit were Robert Louis Stevenson and George Gissing. Meredith was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature seven times.
Collingbourne Kingston
Collingbourne Kingston is a village and civil parish about 8 miles (13 km) south of the market town of Marlborough in Wiltshire, England. The village, which is on the A338 primary route between Andover and Marlborough, is one of several on the River Bourne, a seasonal river which is usually dry in summer. The parish includes the hamlets of Aughton and Brunton.

The toponym Collingbourne means the "Bourne as the stream of Cola's people". Collingbourne Kingston was so named to distinguish it from its southerly neighbour Collingbourne Ducis. Until the 14th century, Collingbourne Kingston was called Collingbourne Abbot's with reference to Hyde Abbey, Winchester, the owner of the principal manor.  The change to Kingston was a reference to the appearance of Collingbourne in the Domesday Book.

Andover, Hampshire
Andover (/ˈændoʊvər/ AN-doh-vər) is a town in the Test Valley district of Hampshire, England. The town is on the River Anton, a major tributary of the Test, and lies alongside the major A303 trunk road at the eastern end of Salisbury Plain, 18 miles (29 km) west of the town of Basingstoke. It is 14 miles (23 km) from Winchester, 35 miles (56 km) north of Southampton and 65 miles (105 km) from London.

The town developed as a centre for grain milling and wool processing, and in the 20th century it took on a significant Armed Forces presence.
Stegskopf
The Stegskopf, at 654.4 m above sea level (NHN), is the second highest mountain in the Westerwald range in Germany after the Fuchskaute. It is an extinct volcano in the municipality of Emmerzhausen in the county of Altenkirchen in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

Altenkirchen
Altenkirchen (German pronunciation: [ˌaltn̩ˈkɪʁçn̩] ⓘ) is a town in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, capital of the district of Altenkirchen. It is located approximately 40 km east of Bonn and 50 km north of Koblenz. Altenkirchen is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Altenkirchen-Flammersfeld.
Irfan Husain
Irfan Husain (Urdu: عرفان حسین) (5 July 1944 – 16 December 2020) was a Pakistani newspaper  columnist and civil servant.

He wrote weekly columns for Dawn newspaper. Husain wrote on a wide range of subjects for newspapers in Pakistan and elsewhere since 1970. As a civil servant, he used to write under a number of pseudonyms, including Mazdak.

Columnist
A columnist is a person who writes for publication in a series, creating an article that usually offers commentary and opinions. Columns appear in newspapers, magazines and other publications, including blogs. They take the form of a short essay by a specific writer who offers a personal point of view. Columns are sometimes written by a composite or a team, appearing under a pseudonym, or (in effect) a brand name. Columnists typically write daily or weekly columns. Some columns are later collected and reprinted in book form.
Indian locomotive class WDP-3A
The Indian locomotive class WDP-3A, colloquially nicknamed the Toaster, is a class of diesel–electric locomotive that was developed in 1998 by Banaras Locomotive Works, Varanasi for Indian Railways. The model name stands for broad gauge (W), Diesel (D), Passenger traffic (P) locomotive with 3,100 horsepower (3A). The WDP-3A is a later classification of earlier WDP-2. They entered service in 1998. A total of 44 were built between 1998 and 2001.

They are the fastest ALCo based locomotive found in India with a top speed of 160 km/h, on par with the premier electric locomotives. The WDP-3A served IR for over 25 years. A significant number of these locomotives are still in use, both on mainline and departmental duties. As of February 2026, 15 locomotives still retain "operational status" on the mainline as WDP-3A, with further examples having been scrapped.

5 ft 6 in gauge railway
5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm), also known as the Indian gauge is a broad track gauge, used in India, Pakistan, western Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Argentina, Chile, and on BART (San Francisco Bay Area).

In North America, it is called Indian, Provincial, Portland, or Texas gauge (or in the San Francisco Bay Area region of California, BART gauge). In Argentina and Chile, it is known as "trocha ancha" (Spanish for "broad gauge"). In the Indian subcontinent it is simply known as "broad gauge". It is the widest gauge in use of heavy-duty mainline railways in the world.
Onomatsu
Ōnomatsu is the name of:

the sixth yokozuna in the sport of sumo Ōnomatsu Midorinosuke

the sumo stable Ōnomatsu stable currently run by former sekiwake Masurao

the elder name normally associated with the above stable

Ōnomatsu stable
Ōnomatsu stable (阿武松部屋, Ōnomatsu-beya) is a stable of sumo wrestlers, one of the Nishonoseki ichimon or group of stables. It was founded in its modern form on 1 October 1994 by Masurao Hiroo, who branched off from the now defunct Oshiogawa stable. As of January 2023, the stable had 13 wrestlers.
2009 Western & Southern Financial Group Masters – Singles
Roger Federer defeated Novak Djokovic in the final, 6–1, 7–5 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2009 Cincinnati Masters.

Andy Murray was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Federer.

Simone Bolelli
Simone Bolelli (Italian pronunciation: [siˈmoːne boˈlɛlli]; born 8 October 1985) is an Italian professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP ranking in doubles of World No. 6 achieved on 13 January 2025 and in singles of No. 36 achieved on 23 February 2009. Bolelli is a Grand Slam champion, having won the 2015 Australian Open doubles event with Fabio Fognini, together becoming the first male all-Italian pair to win a Major in the Open Era. He also reached three other major finals with Andrea Vavassori at the 2024 and the 2025 Australian Open, and at the 2024 French Open. He is also the Italian player who has won the highest number of Davis Cups for his national team, marking a record of three times in a row: in 2023, 2024 and 2025. He has won 18 ATP Tour doubles titles. He was a bronze medalist at the 2005 Mediterranean Games.
San Rafael Swell
The San Rafael Swell is a large geologic feature located in south-central Utah, United States about 16 miles (26 km) west of Green River. Measuring approximately 75 by 40 miles (121 by 64 km), the swell consists of a giant dome-shaped anticline of sandstone, shale, and limestone that was pushed up during the Paleocene Laramide Orogeny 40–60 million years ago. Since that time, infrequent but powerful flash floods have eroded the sedimentary rocks into numerous valleys, canyons, gorges, mesas, buttes, and badlands.

The swell is part of the Colorado Plateau physiographic region.

Flash flood
A flash flood is a rapid flooding of low-lying areas: washes, rivers, dry lakes and depressions. It may be caused by heavy rain associated with a severe thunderstorm, hurricane, or tropical storm, or by meltwater from ice and snow. Flash floods may also occur after the collapse of a natural ice or debris dam, or a human structure such as a man-made dam, as occurred before the Johnstown Flood of 1889. Flash floods are distinguished from regular floods by having a timescale of fewer than six hours between rainfall and the onset of flooding.

Flash floods are a significant hazard, causing more fatalities in the U.S. in an average year than lightning, tornadoes, or hurricanes. They can also deposit large quantities of sediments on floodplains and destroy vegetation cover not adapted to frequent flood conditions.
Najia Ashar
Najia Ashar  (born 14 July 1978) is a broadcast journalist and media development professional with more than 20 years of experience in Pakistan's mainstream media. She is the founder & president of Global Neighbourhood for Media Innovation (GNMI), a Karachi-based nonprofit organization working for media development and peacebuilding in Pakistan.

Media development
Media development involves capacity building for institutions or individuals related to freedom of expression, pluralism and diversity of media, as well as transparency of media ownership. Media development plays a role in democracy and effective democratic discourse through supporting free and independent media.
Reginald Bazire
Reginald Victor Bazire (30 January 1900 – 20 October 1990) was an Anglican priest: the Archdeacon of Southwark from 1967 to 1973; and of Wandsworth from 1973 to 1975.

Bazire was educated at Christ's Hospital. and in 1922 Bazire went to China as a Missionary.

After suffering at the hands of terrorists, when Japan invaded China he was interned in the Chefoo Camp, with his wife Eileen (born 9 January 1902, an artist and a musician with the Chefoo School group in the camp), and children (Theodore, born 30 August 1928, and Peter, born 2 November 1930). Others have commented on Bazire's presence in the camp.

Returning to Britain, he served as Vicar of St Barnabas, Clapham Common from 1949 to 1967; and Rural Dean of Battersea, 1953–66.

Christ's Hospital
Christ's Hospital is a public school (English fee-charging boarding school for pupils aged 11–18) with a royal charter, located to the south of Horsham in West Sussex.

The school was founded in 1552 and the royal charter granted in 1553 (26 June, 7 Edw. VI). Since its establishment, Christ's Hospital has been a charity school, with a core aim to offer children from disadvantaged backgrounds the chance of a better education.
Shrestha
Śrēṣṭha is a Nepalese surname meaning "noble” or "great" in Sanskrit or "warrior" in Nepal Bhasa. Shrestha is one of the eponym surnames used by those belonging to the caste of Shresthas who prior to the unification of modern Nepal formed the ruling and administrative Kshatriya castes in the court of the Malla kings of Nepal. They also counted among them the trading and business Vaishya castes, and were the pre-eminent traders in between Nepal and Tibet. After the unification of Nepal, many Shresthas took up business and trading since their former positions as administrators and courtiers of the royal Malla court was supplanted by the invading Gorkha forces mainly of the Khas tribe.

Gurkha
The Gurkhas or Gorkhas (/ˈɡɜːrkə, ˈɡʊər-/), with the endonym Gorkhali (Nepali: गोर्खाली [ɡoɾkʰaːliː]), are soldiers native to South Asia, chiefly residing within Nepal and some parts of North India.

The Gurkha units consist of Nepali and (in India) Indian Gorkha, Nepali-speaking Indian people. They are recruited for the Nepali Army (96,000), the Indian Army (42,000), the British Army (4,010), the Gurkha Contingent of the Singapore Police Force, the Gurkha Reserve Unit of the Royal Brunei Armed Forces, and UN peacekeeping forces in war zones around the world. Ordinary citizens of the two demographic groups become a Gurkha by applying for, and passing, the selection and training process.

Gurkhas are closely associated with the khukuri, a forward-curving knife, and have a reputation for fearless military prowess. Former Indian Army Chief of Staff Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw once stated that:

"If a man says he is not afraid of dying, he is either lying or he is a Gurkha."
Insen scale
Insen (or In Sen; kanji: 陰旋; hiragana: いんせん) is a tuning scale adapted from shamisen music by Yatsuhashi Kengyō for tuning of the koto. It only differs from the hirajoshi scale by one note.

In D mode it consists of: D-E♭-G-A-C so it has the same notes as the Phrygian chord (7sus♭9).

Other chords compatible with insen scale include M7♯11 when the scale is played half steps lower (for example B in sen scale for CM7♯11 chord) and Cm6 and Cm when the scale is played one full step above (for example D insen with Cm6 or Cm chord).

In India's Carnatic & Hindustani music systems, this scale corresponds to Revati & Bairagi Bhairav respectively.

Other scales related to koto instrument include the Hirajoshi, Iwato and Kumoi-choshi scales.

Musical tuning
In music, there are two common meanings for tuning:

Tuning practice, the act of tuning an instrument or voice.

Tuning systems, the various systems of pitches used to tune an instrument, and their theoretical bases.
Curfewed Night
Curfewed Night: A Frontline Memoir of Life, Love and War in Kashmir is a memoir on the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan, written by Kashmiri-American journalist Basharat Peer. It primarily focuses on the impact of the ongoing anti-India insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir, and is a winner of the Crossword Prize for Nonfiction. It was also included in the 2010 issues of both the 'Books of the Year' list by The Economist and 'A Year's Reading' by The New Yorker.

J&K authorities have removed Curfewed Night from the curriculum of Cluster University and University of Kashmir. Education advisors in Delhi/Srinagar have maintained that such “Resistance Literature” sustains “secessionist mindset, aspiration & narrative” among students.

Cluster University of Srinagar
Cluster University of Srinagar (C-U, CUS) is a collegiate state university located in Wazir Bagh Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is a cluster of five colleges in Srinagar city. It has been established under the Srinagar and Jammu Cluster Universities Act, 2016, together with Cluster University of Jammu, and is an initiative of the centrally sponsored scheme, Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA), to create new universities through the upgradation of existing colleges and the conversion of colleges in a cluster.
2014–15 Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The 2014–15 Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina (known as BH Telecom Premier League for sponsorship reasons) was the fifteenth season of the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the highest football league of Bosnia and Herzegovina, since its original establishment in 2000 and twelfth as a unified country-wide league. It began on 2 August 2014 and ended on 23 May 2015, with a winter break between late November 2014 and late February 2015.

The 2014–15 season saw the return of Sloboda Tuzla and Drina Zvornik to zhe top flight as promoted, instead of Rudar Prijedor and Leotar.

FK Rudar Prijedor
Fudbalski klub Rudar Prijedor (Serbian Cyrillic: Фудбалски клуб Pудаp Пpиjeдop) is a professional football club from the city of Prijedor that is situated in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Rudar plays in the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the club plays its home matches on the Gradski stadion which has a capacity that can hold 6,000 spectators.
Lionel Sams
Lionel Jeffrey Sams (born 20 January 1961) is an English former darts player who played in events of the British Darts Organisation (BDO) and Professional Darts Corporation (PDC). His nickname was The Lion.

Sams' first televised darts match was on Anglia Television in 1986 at the Ladbrokes Festival (British Matchplay). He reached the final, but lost to Terry O'Dea. He then had some minor tournament victories including the Camber Sands Singles (1988) and Kent Open (1988 and 1989) but it was a long time before he made any impact on the darts circuit.
Lional won the over 60s British Table Tennis Title in December  2024 and 1st price of £12,000 as well as his first snooker century  break in June 2024.

Professional Darts Corporation
The Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) is a professional darts organisation in the United Kingdom, established in 1992 when a group of leading players split from the British Darts Organisation (BDO) to form what was initially called the World Darts Council (WDC). Sports promoter Eddie Hearn is the PDC chairman.

The PDC developed and holds several competitions, including the annual PDC World Darts Championship, the World Matchplay, World Grand Prix, UK Open, Premier League, and Grand Slam. It also runs its own world rankings based on players' performances.
Gus-Zhelezny
Gus-Zhelezny (Russian: Гусь-Желе́зный, lit. iron goose) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Kasimovsky District of Ryazan Oblast, Russia. Population:  2,115 (2010 Census); 2,442 (2002 Census); 2,809 (1989 Soviet census).

It was founded in the 18th century on the Gus River's bank.

The main point of interest of Gus-Zhelezny is the 19th century Russian orthodox Trinity Cathedral, built in a rare for Russia Gothic Revival style with elements of neobaroque and neoclassicism.

Kasimovsky District
Kasimovsky District (Russian: Каси́мовский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-five in Ryazan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,969 square kilometers (1,146 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kasimov (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 29,602 (2010 Census);  35,365 (2002 Census); 41,422 (1989 Soviet census).
2010 Tour of Utah
The 2010 Tour of Utah was the seventh edition of the Tour of Utah.  It was held August 17-22, 2010.  The race was distinguished by the decision of the organizers prior to the race to submit the 2011 edition of the race for addition to the UCI America Tour, upgrading it from national status to international status.  Although UCI Pro Tour team were not allowed to compete in the race, Levi Leipheimer of Team RadioShack, who had just won the Leadville Trail 100 MTB mountain-bike race in Colorado, raced as the sole member of a team sponsored by Lance Armstrong's Austin bicycle shop, Mellow Johnny's, and won the overall title.  Consistent with its self-proclaimed title of "America's toughest stage race", only 71 of the original 140 starters finished the race.

Alex Dowsett
Alex Edward Albert Dowsett (born 3 October 1988) is a British former professional road racing cyclist, who last rode for UCI WorldTeam Israel–Premier Tech. He was a time trial specialist, and in 2015, he broke track cycling's world hour record by 446 metres (1,463 feet), with a distance of 52.937 kilometres (32.894 miles).
Cucullanus acutospiculatus
Cucullanus acutospiculatus is a species of parasitic nematodes. It is an endoparasite of a fish, the redbelly yellowtail fusilier, Caesio cuning (Caesionidae, Perciformes). The species has been described in 2020 by František Moravec & Jean-Lou Justine from material collected off New Caledonia in the South Pacific Ocean.

Caesio cuning
Caesio cuning, the redbelly yellowtail fusilier, yellowtail fusilier, red-bellied fusilier or robust fusilier, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a fusilier belonging to the family Caesionidae. It is native to the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans.
All Fired Up! (tour)
All Fired Up! was the third headlining concert tour by English-Irish girl group the Saturdays. It was their first tour of arenas and spanned early/mid December 2011. The tour began on 2 December in Bournemouth at the Windsor Hall and ended on 19 December at the O2 Dublin.

Issues (The Saturdays song)
"Issues" is a song British-Irish girl group The Saturdays, from their debut studio album Chasing Lights. It was released on 5 January 2009 as the third single from the album. The song was written and produced by Carl Sturken and Evan Rogers. The single received mixed reviews from music critics.

BBC Music stated that the song was very diva-ish, and the band are divas in the making. Upon the release of the single, "Issues" gained a lot of chart success after charting at number four in the United Kingdom and number fourteen in the Republic of Ireland. The single also charted at number twenty-one on Eurochart Hot 100 Singles.

Prior to its single release, the lyrics to "Issues" were re-recorded after being misinterpreted as promoting violence, as the lyrics "can't decide if I should slap you or kiss you" left many people misunderstanding the word "slap" as "stab", the lyrics were changed to "can't decide if I should leave you or kiss you".
Jambuvijaya
Jambuvijaya (1923–2009), also known as Muni Jambuvijayji Maharajsaheb, was a monk belonging to the Tapa Gaccha order of Śvetāmbara sect of Jainism. He was known for his pioneering work in research, cataloguing and translations of Jain Agamas and ancient texts. He was responsible for discovering and publishing many ancient Jains texts lying in different forgotten Jain jnana bhandaras (ancient Jain libraries). He was a disciple of Muni Punyavijay. Both Muni Punyavijay and Jambuvijay worked all their life in the compilation and publication of ancient Jain Agama literature and cataloguing ancient Jain jnana bhandaras. Muni Jambuvijay was a scholar who devoted his entire life to critically editing Jain scriptures.

Patan, Gujarat
Patan (pronunciationⓘ) is a city and headquarters of Patan district in the Indian state of Gujarat. Patan was the capital of Gujarat's Chavda and Chaulukya dynasties in medieval times. During Gujarat Sultanate, it was the capital from 1407 to 1411.

Patan was established by the Chavda king Vanaraja. During the rule of several Hindu and Muslim dynasties, it thrived as a trading city and a regional capital of northern Gujarat. The city contains many Hindu and Jain temples as well as mosques, dargahs and rauzas.

It is a historical place located on the bank of the now-extinct Saraswati River. Patan has an old market which is quite sizeable and is believed to have been in continuous operation since at least the rule of Vaghelas and gandhis.