hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Siege of Bredevoort (1597)
The siege of Bredevoort in 1597 was a siege of Bredevoort by the military forces led by Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange, during the Eighty Years War and the Anglo-Spanish War. The siege lasted from 1 October until 9 October; after that day Bredevoort was occupied by the besiegers. The siege was part of a campaign during which Maurice conquered the cities Turnhout, Alphen, Rijnberk, Meurs, Bredevoort, Groenlo, Goor, Enschede, Oldenzaal, Ootmarsum, and Lingen.

Alphen aan den Rijn
Alphen aan den Rijn (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɑlfə(n) aːn də(n) ˈrɛin] ⓘ; English: "Alphen upon Rhine" or "Alphen on the Rhine") is a city and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The city is situated on the banks of the river Oude Rijn (Old Rhine), where the river Gouwe branches off. The municipality had a population of 112,587 in 2021, and covers an area of 132.50 km2 (51.16 sq mi) of which 6.27 km2 (2.42 sq mi) is water.

The municipality of Alphen aan den Rijn also includes the communities of Aarlanderveen, Benthuizen, Boskoop, Hazerswoude-Dorp, Hazerswoude-Rijndijk, Koudekerk aan den Rijn and Zwammerdam. The city is located in what is called the 'Green Heart' of the Netherlands, which is a somewhat less densely populated centre area of the Randstad.

The name "Alphen" is probably derived from the name of the Roman fort Albaniana, meaning "settlement at the white water". Its remains still lie underneath the city centre.
Dis-n-Dat
Dis-n-Dat was an American Miami bass hip hop duo consisting of sisters Tishea and Tenesia Bennett. They recorded for Epic Records.

Closely associated with popular Miami bass acts, the 69 Boyz and Quad City DJ's, Dis-n-Dat released their debut album, Bumpin' on October 11, 1994, with Quad City DJs and 69 Boyz members CC Lemonhead and Jay Ski producing the entire album. The album produced two semi-successful singles—"Freak Me, Baby" and "Party"—the latter of which appeared on ESPN's double-platinum Jock Jams, Volume 2. In 1995, the album was nominated for Best Rap Album at Soul Train's Lady of Soul Awards.

Jock Jams, Volume 2
Jock Jams, Volume 2 is the second album in the Jock Jams compilation album series, presented by American international basic cable sports channel ESPN. It was released on August 20, 1996 via Tommy Boy Records. It peaked at number 10 on the US Billboard 200 albums charts. The Recording Industry Association of America certified the compilation platinum on November 1, 1996 and two times platinum on November 10, 1999.
Condolence book
A condolence book or book of condolence is a book in which people may record their condolences following a death or great tragedy.

Following the death of a leading figure or great disaster, condolence books are placed in public places for members of the general public to use. When closed, the books are given to the relatives of the deceased or archived. Reviewing a condolence book may help grieving relatives come to terms with the reality of their loss.

After especially notable deaths, official records of the condolences may be compiled and reprinted. For example, after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, the Government Printing Office published a leather-bound, gilt-edged collection of official condolences in 1867.

Digital condolence books are now placed on the Internet so people may write their thoughts online.

United States Government Publishing Office
The United States Government Publishing Office (USGPO or GPO), formerly the United States Government Printing Office, is an agency of the legislative branch of the United States federal government. The office produces and distributes information products and services for all three branches of the Federal Government, including U.S. passports for the Department of State as well as the official publications of the Supreme Court, the Congress, the Executive Office of the President, executive departments, and independent agencies.

An act of Congress changed the office's name to its current form in 2014.
Balule Nature Reserve
Balule Nature Reserve is a protected area in Limpopo Province, South Africa which forms part of the Greater Kruger National Park as a member of the Associated Private Nature Reserves (APNR). As part of a wildlife conservation initiative, all fences separating APNR reserves – Balule, Timbavati, Klaserie, Umbabat,  – and the Kruger National Park have been removed.

The ecological benefits of this initiative have made the region a popular ecotourism destination and conservation efforts have ensured that the wildlife population includes all the Big Five game.

Big Five game
In Africa, the Big Five game animals are the lion, leopard, rhinoceros, elephant, and African buffalo. The term was coined by big-game hunters to refer to the five most difficult animals in Africa to hunt on foot, but is now more widely used by game viewing tourists and safari tour operators. They are examples of charismatic megafauna, featuring prominently in popular culture, and are among the most famous of Africa's large animals.

The 1990 and later releases of South African rand banknotes feature a different big-five animal on each denomination. Countries where all can be found include Angola, Botswana, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Eswatini, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
Ruslan Kachur
Ruslan Anatoliyovych Kachur (Ukrainian: Руслан Анатолійович Качур; born 9 June 1982 in Vatutine, Cherkasy Oblast, Ukrainian SSR) is a former Ukrainian footballer.

He is a product of the Vatutine and Cherkasy sports schools system, and later played for clubs from Central Ukraine.

Cherkasy
Cherkasy (Ukrainian: Черкаси, pronounced [tʃerˈkɑsɪ] ⓘ) is a city in central Ukraine. Cherkasy serves as the administrative centre of Cherkasy Oblast as well as Cherkasy Raion within the oblast. The city has a population of 269,836 (2022 estimate).

Cherkasy is the cultural, educational and industrial centre of Cherkasy Oblast and Ukraine's Central Economic Region. Known since the 13th century, Cherkasy has played a great role in the history of Ukraine. The city was the centre of the land of the Cossacks; its citizens took part in the Khmelnychchyna and Koliivshchyna Cossack and peasant rebellions.

The city is located on the right bank of Dnieper River, about 200 km (124 mi) south of the nation's capital, Kyiv. In June 2011, the city celebrated its 725th anniversary.
Li Jiang (born 764)
Li Jiang (Chinese: 李絳; 764 – March 8, 830), courtesy name Shenzhi (深之), posthumous name Duke Zhen of Zhao Commandery (趙郡貞公), was a Chinese politician of the Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xianzong.

Posthumous name
A posthumous name is an honorary name given mainly to revered dead people in East Asian culture. It is predominantly used in Asian countries such as China, Korea, Vietnam, Japan,  Malaysia and Thailand. Reflecting on the person's accomplishments or reputation, the title is assigned after death and essentially replaces the name used during life. Although most posthumous names are given to royalty, some posthumous names are given to honor significant people without hereditary titles, such as courtiers or military generals.

To create a posthumous name, one or more adjectives are inserted before the deceased's title. The name of the state or domain of the owner may be added to avoid ambiguity.
Melbourn Science Park
Melbourn Science Park is a science park located in the village of Melbourn, England, 9 miles (14 km) south of Cambridge. It is owned by Bruntwood SciTech.

Melbourn Science Park covers 17 acres (69,000 m2) with nine buildings covering over 200,000 sq ft (19,000 m2).

Science park
A science park (also called a research park, technology park, technopark, technopolis, technopole, or a science and technology park [STP]) is a property-based development that accommodates and fosters the growth of tenant firms and is affiliated with a university, government, or private research body based on proximity, ownership, and/or governance. This is so that knowledge can be shared, innovation promoted, technology transferred, and research outcomes progressed to viable commercial products. Science parks are also often perceived as contributing to national economic development, stimulating the formation of new high-technology firms, attracting foreign investment and promoting exports.
Marc Chin
Marc Chin (born 8 September 1987) is a Caymanian cricketer.  Chin is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break.

Chin made a single first-class appearance for the Cayman Islands against Canada at the Toronto Cricket, Skating and Curling Club in the 2005 Intercontinental Cup.  He was dismissed for a duck in the Cayman Islands first-innings by Henry Osinde.  In Canada's first-innings, he took the wickets of Ashish Bagai and Nicholas Ifill, finishing with figures of 2/104 from twenty overs.  In the Cayman Islands second-innings he was dismissed for 14 runs by Kevin Sandher.  In Canada's second-innings, he took the wicket of Bagai once more, finishing with figures of 1/36 from ten overs.  Canada won the match by 120 runs.

Over (cricket)
In cricket, an over consists of six legal deliveries bowled from one end of a cricket pitch to the player batting at the other end, almost always by a single bowler.

A maiden over is an over in which no runs are scored that count against the bowler (so leg byes and byes may be scored as they are not counted against the bowler). A wicket maiden is a maiden over in which a wicket is also taken. Similarly, double and triple wicket maidens are when two and three wickets are taken in a maiden over.

After six deliveries the umpire calls 'over'; the fielding team switches ends, and a different bowler is selected to bowl from the opposite end. The captain of the fielding team decides which bowler will bowl any given over, and no bowler may bowl two overs in succession.
Parlez-moi
Parlez-moi (French for "Talk to Me") is an educational television series which was produced in Toronto by TVOntario and broadcast from 1978 to 1980, with repeat broadcasts for several years afterwards. The host was Quebecois comedian Marc Favreau, who also appeared in this series under the guise of his trademark character, Sol the Clown.

TVO
TVO (stylized in all lowercase as tvo), formerly known as TVOntario, is a Canadian publicly funded English-language educational television network and media organization serving the Canadian province of Ontario. It operates flagship station CICA-DT (channel 19) in Toronto, which also relays programming across portions of Ontario through eight rebroadcast stations. All pay television (cable, satellite, IPTV) providers throughout Ontario are required to carry TVO on their basic tier, and programming can be streamed for free online within Canada.

TVO is operated by the Ontario Educational Communications Authority (OECA), a Crown corporation owned by the Government of Ontario, which since 2022 has done business as the TVO Media Education Group (or TVO.me). TVO.me also operates TVO Today, TVO ILC, TVO Learn, and TVOKids.
USS Madawaska
Two ships of the United States Navy have been named USS Madawaska, after Madawaska, Maine, a town in northern Aroostook County, on the Canadian border:

USS Madawaska (1865) was a screw steamer, later renamed USS Tennessee in 1869.

USS Madawaska (ID-3011), the former SS König Wilhelm II of the Hamburg America Line; served as a U.S. Navy transport in World War I; transferred to the United States Army as USAT Madawaska and, later, USAT U.S. Grant; transferred back to U.S. Navy in 1940 and served as USS U. S. Grant (AP-29) throughout World War II.

Hamburg America Line
The Hamburg-Amerikanische Packetfahrt-Actien-Gesellschaft (HAPAG), known in English as the Hamburg America Line, was a transatlantic shipping enterprise established in Hamburg, in 1847. Among those involved in its development were prominent German citizens such as Albert Ballin (director general), Adolph Godeffroy, Ferdinand Laeisz, Carl Woermann, August Bolten, and others, and its main financial backers were Berenberg Bank and H. J. Merck & Co. It soon developed into the largest German, and at times the world's largest, shipping company, serving the market created by German immigration to the United States and later, immigration from Eastern Europe. On 1 September 1970, after 123 years of independent existence, HAPAG merged with the Bremen-based North German Lloyd to form Hapag-Lloyd AG, today an international shipping and container transportation company.
C.A. Schnack Jewelry Company Store
The C.A. Schnack Jewelry Co. Store in Alexandria, Louisiana was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

It was designed by architect Herman J. Duncan and built by contractors Tudor and Ratcliff.  It is a two-story brick party-wall commercial building with a three-story wing at the back.  Its facade has "a handsome multi-arched transom, richly ornamented canopy, and intricately worked display windows."

Herman J. Duncan
Herman J. Duncan was an American architect based in Louisiana.  A number of his works are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

He was lauded for his foresight in designing the Cameron Parish, Louisiana courthouse to survive hurricanes, possibly saving hundreds of lives.  The building served as refuge for many and was the only building in Cameron to survive 1958 Hurricane Audrey.

Works include:

Cameron Parish courthouse (1938)

Clinton High School (1938), 12525 Cedar, Clinton, Louisiana

Edward Benjamin Dubuisson House (1927), 437 N. Court St., Opelousas, LA

Franklinton High School, 617 Main St., Franklinton, Louisiana (Herman J. Duncan & Co.)

Masonic Building, Fourth and Johnston Sts., Alexandria, Louisiana

Sunset High School, 223 Marie St., Sunset, Louisiana
Argana Group
The Argana Group is a Permian to Triassic geological group in the western High Atlas northeast of Agadir, Morocco. Sometimes known as the Argana Formation, it contains eight geological members often divided into three formations. They include the Late Permian Ikakern Formation (members T1-T2), the Early Triassic to Carnian Timezgadiouine Formation (T3-T5), and the Late Triassic Bigoudine Formation (T6-T8). Ornithischian tracks are geographically located in Marrakesh province. Indeterminate theropod remains and tracks are geographically located in Marrakesh province.

Carnian
The Carnian (less commonly, Karnian) is the lowermost stage of the Upper Triassic Series (or earliest age of the Late Triassic Epoch). It lasted from 237 to 227.3 million years ago (Ma). The Carnian is preceded by the Ladinian and is followed by the Norian. Its boundaries are not characterized by major extinctions or biotic turnovers, but a climatic event (known as the Carnian pluvial episode characterized by substantial rainfall) occurred during the Carnian and seems to be associated with important extinctions or biotic radiations. Another extinction occurred at the Carnian-Norian boundary, ending the Carnian age.
Gaston Gerald
Gaston Gerald (born October 20, 1931) is an American former politician from the state of Louisiana who served in the Louisiana Senate.

Gerald served on the Baton Rouge City-Parish Council from 1965 to 1972 representing Ward II. He succeeded council member W.W. Dumas upon Dumas' election as mayor-president. In 1972, he was elected to the Louisiana State Senate to represent district 13. In 1979, Gerald was convicted on charges of attempted extortion of a contractor relating to the construction of the Baton Rouge Civic Center and was imprisoned at Federal Correctional Institution, Fort Worth, in Texas. He was expelled from the State Senate in 1981 on a 33-3 vote, the only senator in the history of the institution to have been expelled.

Louisiana State Senate
The Louisiana State Senate (French: Sénat d'État de Louisiane; Spanish: Senado del Estado de Luisiana) is the upper house of the Louisiana State Legislature. Senators serve four-year terms and participate in various committees.
Mathieu Lacombe
Mathieu Lacombe MNA is a Canadian politician who was elected to the National Assembly of Quebec in the 2018 provincial election. He represents the electoral district of Papineau as a member of the Coalition Avenir Québec and was the former Minister of Families. He was re-elected in the 2022 provincial election. He is the current Minister of Culture and Communications.

Prior to his election in the National Assembly, he was the spokesperson for the Société de transport de l'Outaouais, and before that he was a television news anchor for TVA Nouvelles on TVA affiliate CHOT-DT.

CHOT-DT
CHOT-DT (channel 40), branded TVA Gatineau–Ottawa, is a television station in Gatineau, Quebec, Canada, serving the National Capital Region as an affiliate of the French-language network TVA. It is owned by RNC Media alongside Noovo affiliate CFGS-DT (channel 34). The two stations share studios on Rue Jean-Proulx and Rue Buteau in the former city of Hull; CHOT-DT's transmitter is located at Camp Fortune in Chelsea, Quebec.

CHOT-DT is the largest TVA station that is not owned and operated by the network. It is also the largest network affiliate in Canada in a media market that is not owned by its associated network.
2021–2022 Iraqi political crisis
Between the parliamentary election in October 2021 and October 2022, there was a political crisis in Iraq, with members of the Council of Representatives of Iraq being unable to form a stable coalition government, or elect a new President. Basic government services such as the civil service and military continued functioning, but the national political system was in deadlock including in respect of almost all major spending and taxation issues. On 27 October 2022, the government of Prime Minister Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani was approved by the Council of Representatives.

Coordination Framework
The Coordination Framework (Arabic: الإطار التنسيقي) is a council of major Iraqi Shiite parties in the Council of Representatives. It was originally formed in March 2021 to contest the results of the 2021 Iraqi parliamentary election and later became a parliamentary alliance for government formation. There are currently 12 member parties in the council.
Agelasimine
Agelasimines are a group of adenine-related bicyclic diterpenoids isolated from the orange sponge Agelas mauritania. Their chemical structures are closely related to the agelasines.

Both groups of compounds display a range of biological activities, such as cytotoxicity, inhibition of adenosine transfer into rabbit erythrocytes (red blood cells), Ca2+ channel antagonistic action, α1 adrenergic blockade and others.

Both compounds have been reproduced in the laboratory by organic synthesis.

Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor
The alpha-1 (α1) adrenergic receptor (or adrenoceptor) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) associated with the Gq heterotrimeric G protein. It consists of three highly homologous subtypes, α1A-, α1B-, and α1D-adrenergic. There is no α1C receptor. At one time, there was a subtype known as α1C, but it was found to be identical to the previously discovered α1A receptor subtype. To avoid confusion, naming was continued with the letter D. Catecholamines like norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) signal through the α1-adrenergic receptors in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The crystal structure of the α1B-adrenergic receptor subtype has been determined in complex with the inverse agonist (+)-cyclazosin.
Brancaster Lifeboat Station
Brancaster Lifeboat Station was located at Brancaster Beach, near the village of Brancaster, on the north coast of the county of Norfolk.

It is recorded that in 1823, the Norfolk Association for Saving the Lives of Shipwrecked Mariners (NASLSM) decided to place a lifeboat at Brancaster, but there are no records of a boat in their annual report, nor any service records.

A lifeboat was placed at Brancaster by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI), who opened a station there in 1874. The station was closed in 1935.

Lifeboat (rescue)
A rescue lifeboat is a boat rescue craft which is used to attend a vessel in distress, or its survivors, to rescue crew and passengers. It can be hand pulled, sail powered or powered by an engine. Lifeboats may be rigid, inflatable or rigid-inflatable combination-hulled vessels.
Thomas County Courthouse (Kansas)
The Thomas County Courthouse, located at 300 N. Court in Colby, is the seat of government of Thomas County, Kansas. The courthouse was built from 1906 to 1907 and replaced the county's original courthouse. Architect James C. Holland designed the courthouse in the Richardsonian Romanesque style. The front of the courthouse has a five-story clock tower with a Seth Thomas clock; the main entrance to the building is located in a Syrian arch at the bottom of the tower. A projecting wing is located on each side of the tower; the wings each have three windows on every story and a hipped roof with a dormer.

The courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 21, 1976.

The statuary in front, Spirit of the Prairie, was added to celebrate the city's centenary (1985). It was sculpted by Charlie Norton of nearby Leoti, Kansas.

Richardsonian Romanesque
Richardsonian Romanesque is a style of Romanesque Revival architecture named after the American architect Henry Hobson Richardson (1838–1886). The revival style incorporates 11th- and 12th-century southern French, Spanish, and Italian Romanesque characteristics. Richardson first used elements of the style in his Richardson Olmsted Complex in Buffalo, New York, designed in 1870, and Trinity Church in Boston is his most well-known example of this medieval revival style. Multiple architects followed in this style in the late 19th century; Richardsonian Romanesque later influenced modern styles of architecture as well.
Table Mountain Regional Park
Table Mountain Regional Park is a ski area and resort in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan about 26 kilometres (16 mi) west of The Battlefords in the Rural Municipality of Battle River No. 438. It is situated on a lateral moraine that was formed during the last ice age and has a scenic view of the Battle River Valley. Table Mountain is a non-profit organization and approximately 70,000 people visit the ski resort each season.

Access to the park is from a gravel road off Highway 40.

The Battlefords
The Battlefords is the collective name given to the adjacent communities of the city of North Battleford and the town of Battleford in west-central Saskatchewan, Canada. The two communities are separated by the North Saskatchewan River and connected via the Battlefords Bridge. As of the 2011 census, the two communities have a combined population of 18,744 and a total regional population of 19,623.

The Battlefords are served by Highways 16 (Yellowhead Highway), 4, 29, and 40 (Poundmaker Trail).
Tomb of Two Brothers
The Tomb of Two Brothers is an ancient sepulchre in Deir Rifeh, Egypt. It contains the chamber tomb of the ancient Egyptian high status priests Nakht-Ankh and Khnum-Nakht, which dates from the 12th Dynasty. The whole tomb group is now in the Manchester Museum.

Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt
The Twelfth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (Dynasty XII) is a series of rulers reigning from c. 1991–1802 BC (c. 190 years), at what is often considered to be the apex of the Middle Kingdom (Dynasties XI–XIV). The dynasty periodically expanded its territory from the Nile Delta and valley South beyond the second cataract and East into Canaan.

The Twelfth Dynasty was marked by relative stability and development. It has a notably well recorded history for the period. Its first pharaoh was Amenemhat I and its final was Sobekneferu.