hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
A43 autoroute
The A43 autoroute (French: Autoroute A43), also known simply as the A43, the Autoroute alpine (lit. 'Alpine motorway') or the Autoroute de la Maurienne (lit. 'Motorway of Maurienne', after Aiton), is an autoroute (motorway) in France. Travelling through the French Alps, it connects the city of Lyon with the Tunnel du Fréjus, near Modane, which passes the Italian border towards Turin. The autoroute opened in phases as it was constructed between 1973 and 1998.

French Alps
The French Alps are the portions of the Alps mountain range that stand within France, located in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur regions. While some of the ranges of the French Alps are entirely in France, others, such as the Mont Blanc massif, are shared with Switzerland and Italy.

At 4,808 metres (15,774 ft), Mont Blanc, on the France–Italy border, is the highest mountain in the Alps, and the highest Western European mountain.

Notable towns in the French Alps include Grenoble, Chamonix, Annecy, Chambéry, Évian-les-Bains and Albertville.

The French Alps  will be the fourth location in France to host the Winter Olympics in 2030, following those held in Albertville in 1992, Grenoble in 1968, and the very first in Chamonix in 1924.
Sargento Fahur
Gilson Cardoso Fahur (born November 6, 1963, in Londrina), better known as Sargento Fahur  (English: Sergeant Fahur), is a retired military police officer from the State of Paraná and a Brazilian politician, affiliated with the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and a former member of the ROTAM of the 4th Company of the Paraná State Highway Police (PRE).

In October 2018, he was elected to the federal parliament for the state of Paraná. With 314,963 votes, he was the candidate with the most votes in the state. He was re-elected in the 2022 state election.

Social Democratic Party
The name Social Democratic Party or Social Democrats has been used by many political parties in various countries around the world. Such parties are most commonly aligned to social democracy as their political ideology.
MZKT
MZKT (МЗКТ or МЗКЦ, Belarusian: Мінскі завод колавых цягачоў, Russian: Минский завод колёсных тягачей, Minsk Wheel(ed) Tractor Plant (MWTP)) is a manufacturer of heavy off-road vehicles, especially military trucks, based in Minsk, in Belarus; it was formerly a division of MAZ. MZKT civilian trucks are branded VOLAT (Belarusian: волат, literally means Giant). MZKT specializes in the production of on-road and off-road heavy-duty vehicles and trailers for them, as well as special wheeled chassis for installation of various equipment for enterprises and transport organizations of the construction, oil and gas and engineering industries.

RT-2PM2 Topol-M
The RT-2PM2 «Topol-M» (Russian: РТ-2ПМ2 «Тополь-М», NATO reporting name: SS-27 "Sickle B", other designations: SS-27 Mod 1, RS-12M1, RS-12M2, formerly incorrectly RT-2UTTKh) is one of the most recent intercontinental ballistic missiles to be deployed by Russia, and the first to be developed after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. It was developed from the RT-2PM Topol mobile intercontinental ballistic missile.

In its Russian designation РТ stands for "ракета твердотопливная", raketa tverdotoplivnaya ("solid fuel rocket"), while УТТХ – for "улучшенные тактико-технические характеристики", uluchshenniye taktiko-tekhnicheskie kharakteristiki ("improved tactical and technical characteristics"). "Topol" (тополь) in Russian means "white poplar". It is designed and produced exclusively by the Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology, and built at the Votkinsk Machine Building Plant.
Novosapashevo
Novosapashevo (Russian: Новосапашево; Bashkir: Яңы Һапаш, Yañı Hapaş) is a rural locality (a village) in Volostnovsky Selsoviet, Kugarchinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 37 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

Kugarchinsky District
Kugarchinsky District (Russian: Кугарчи́нский райо́н; Bashkir: Күгәрсен районы, romanized: Kügärsen rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the republic and borders Meleuzovsky District in the north, Burzyansky District in the northeast, Zilairsky District in the east, Zianchurinsky District in the south, Orenburg Oblast in the southwest, and Kuyurgazinsky District in the west. The area of the district is 3,371 square kilometers (1,302 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Mrakovo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 31,444, with the population of Mrakovo accounting for 27.6% of that number.
Matzingen railway station
Matzingen railway station (German: Bahnhof Matzingen) is a railway station in the municipality of Matzingen, in the Swiss canton of Thurgau. It is located on the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) Frauenfeld–Wil line of Appenzell Railways.

Thurgau
Thurgau (/ˈtʊərɡaʊ/ TOOR-gow, Swiss Standard German: [ˈtuːrɡaʊ] ⓘ; French: Thurgovie; Italian: Turgovia; Romansh: Turgovia), anglicized as Thurgovia, and formally as the Canton of Thurgau, is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of five districts. Its capital is Frauenfeld.

Thurgau is part of Eastern Switzerland. It is named after the river Thur, and the name Thurgovia was historically used for a larger area, including part of this river's basin upstream of the modern canton. The area of what is now Thurgau was acquired as subject territories by the cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy from the mid 15th century. Thurgau was first declared a canton in its own right at the formation of the Helvetic Republic in 1798.

The population, as of December 2020, is 282,909. In 2007, there were a total of 47,390 resident foreigners, constituting 19.9% of the population.
2011–12 Algerian Cup
The 2011–12 Algerian Cup was the 48th edition of the Algerian Cup. JS Kabylie were the defending champions, having beaten USM El Harrach 1–0 in the previous season's final.

In the final, ES Sétif beat CR Belouizdad 2-1 in extra-time to win its 8th Algerian Cup title.

USM El Harrach
Union Sportive de la Médina d'El Harrach (Arabic: الإتحاد الرياضي لمدينة الحراش), known as USM El Harrach or simply USMH for short, is an Algerian football club based in El Harrach, a suburb of Algiers. The club was founded in 1935 as Union Sportive Musulmane Maison-Carréenne and its colours are yellow and black. Their home stadium, 1 November 1954 Stadium, has a capacity of 8,000 spectators. The club is currently playing in the Algerian Ligue 2.
Piano Quartet No. 1 (Dvořák)
The Piano Quartet No. 1 in D major, Op. 23 (B. 53), is a piano quartet by Antonín Dvořák. Composed during an 18-day period in 1875, it was premiered on 16 December 1880 in Prague, performed by Václav Kopta, Petr Mareš, Alois Neruda, and Karel Slavkovský.

Jarmil Burghauser
Jarmil Michael Burghauser (born Jarmil Michael Mokrý; 21 October 1921, Písek – 19 February 1997, Prague) was a Czech composer, conductor, and musicologist.

Burghauser's parents were painters František Viktor Mokrý and Zdenka Burghauserová. He studied piano since he was 6 years old under Jaroslav Křička and later Otakar Jeremiáš. He continued his musical education by studying composition with Václav Talich at Prague Conservatory. From 1948 to 1953 Burghauser was a choirmaster in National Theatre.

After the short-lived Prague Spring, he incurred the disfavor of his country's Communist regime and had to adopt the pseudonym Michal Hájků in order to write a series of compositions in a style which evoked earlier periods of music, called Storia apocrifa della musica Boema.
Storfjorden (Svalbard)
Storfjorden (English: Great Fjord) is the body of water in the Svalbard archipelago in northern Norway separating Spitsbergen in the west from Barentsøya and Edgeøya to the east. Its southern limits are Kikutodden in Sørkapp Land east to Håøya, Tiholmane, Brækmoholmane, and Menkeøyane in Thousand Islands and northeast to Svarthuken—the southeastern promontory of Edgeøya. Its limits on its eastern side are Sundneset on the northern side of Freemansundet south to Palibinramten on the northwest coast of Edgeøya. The northern part is called Ginevra Bay, which lies between Olav V Land and Barentsøya. It ends at Heleysundet.

Storfjorden was historically known as Wybe Jans Water, named after the Frisian whaler Wybe Jansz van Stavoren. The fjord was first labelled as such in 1620.

Olav V Land
Olav V Land is a peninsula in eastern Spitsbergen Island, Svalbard named after Olav V of Norway. It is covered by the Olav V Icefield, measuring about 4,150 square kilometres (1,600 sq mi).

The only larger ice cap in the Svalbard Archipelago is Austfonna in Nordaustlandet, with an area of 8,492 km2 (3,279 sq mi).
Theft from Interstate Shipment
Theft from Interstate Shipment is a legal classification of crime used for Section 659 of Title 18 of the United States Code. It prohibits the theft or fraudulent acquisition of goods that are part of an interstate or international shipment, whether from the carrier or a holding area, and also the willful buying, selling or possession of goods obtained in this way.  Currently, if the value of the goods is under $100, it is punished as a misdemeanor; otherwise, it is a felony.

Investigations of Theft from Interstate Shipment are covered under Classification 15 of the FBI's central records system. This classification was established in 1922.

Theft from Interstate Shipment was particularly common during the Second World War, due to wartime shortages.

Misdemeanor
A misdemeanor (American English, spelled misdemeanour elsewhere) is any "lesser" criminal act in some common law legal systems. Misdemeanors are generally punished less severely than more serious felonies, but theoretically more so than administrative infractions (also known as minor, petty, or summary offences) and regulatory offences. Typically, misdemeanors are punished with prison time of no longer than one year, monetary fines, or community service.
Szpiro
Szpiro is a Polish Jewish surname, a variant of Shapiro. Notable people with this surname include:

Abram Szpiro (1912-1943), Polish chess master

Dawid Szpiro (1922-1944), Hashomer Hatzair resistance member killed by the Gestapo (see Holocaust Encyclopedia entry)

George Szpiro (born 1950), Israeli-Swiss author, journalist, and mathematician

Lucien Szpiro (1941–2020), French mathematician
Szpiro's conjecture, formulated by Lucien Szpiro

George Szpiro
George Geza Szpiro (Hebrew: ג'ורג' גזה שפירא; born 18 February 1950 in Vienna) is an Israeli–Swiss author, journalist, and mathematician. He has written articles and books on popular mathematics and related topics.
1996–97 Slovak Superliga
The 1996–97 Slovak First Football League was the fourth season of first-tier football league in Slovakia, since its establishment in 1993. It began on 3 August 1996 and ended on 11 June 1997. Slovan Bratislava were the defending champions.

ŠK Slovan Bratislava
ŠK Slovan Bratislava (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈslɔʋam ˈbracislaʋa], "Bratislava Slavs") is a professional football club based in Bratislava, Slovakia, that plays in the Slovak First Football League. Founded as I. ČSŠK Bratislava in 1919, the club changed its name to Slovan Bratislava in 1953. Slovan is the most successful team in Slovakia with the most titles in both league and cup in the country.

Slovan Bratislava became the first and so far only club in Slovakia as well as former Czechoslovakia to win one of the European cup competitions, the Cup Winners' Cup when they defeated FC Barcelona in the final in Basel in 1969. The club also supplied seven players to the victorious Czechoslovakia team of UEFA Euro 1976.
Evolutionary game theory
Evolutionary game theory (EGT) is the application of game theory to evolving populations in biology. It defines a framework of contests, strategies, and analytics into which Darwinian competition can be modelled. It originated in 1973 with John Maynard Smith and George R. Price's formalisation of contests, analysed as strategies, and the mathematical criteria that can be used to predict the results of competing strategies.

Evolutionary game theory differs from classical game theory in focusing more on the dynamics of strategy change. This is influenced by the frequency of the competing strategies in the population.

Evolutionary game theory has helped to explain the basis of altruistic behaviours in Darwinian evolution. It has in turn become of interest to economists, sociologists, anthropologists, and philosophers.

Darwinism
Darwinism is a term used to describe a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and his contemporaries. The theory states that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. Also called Darwinian theory, it originally included the broad concepts of transmutation of species or of evolution which gained general scientific acceptance after Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, including concepts which predated Darwin's theories. English biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the term Darwinism in April 1860.

Darwinism stricto sensu lacks a clear theory of inheritance, in contrast with later neo-Darwinian theories such as the modern synthesis (which integrates mendelian inheritance).
Kavilda stronghold
Kavilda stronghold (Estonian: Kavilda vasallilinnus, German: Kawelecht) was a castle in Tartu County, Estonia, on the western slope of the Kavilda River. Nowadays the site is located in Mõisanurme village, Elva Parish.

According to Leonhard von Stryk, the castle was first built in 1354 by Bartholomäus von Tiesenhausen. Other sources say it was built in 1361 by Arnold von Vietinghoff, the Master of Livonian Order.

The castle was destroyed during the Livonian War somewhere between 1564 and 1582. It was probably knocked down before the invasion of the Poles. Thereinafter Kavilda existed only as a manor but not as a castle.

The castel was a castellum-alike building with a tower-shaped residential building. Nowadays only one and a half floors have remained, most of it under the ground.

Tartu County
Tartu County (Estonian: Tartu maakond or Tartumaa) is one of 15 counties of Estonia.

It is located in eastern Estonia, and it borders Põlva County, Valga County, Viljandi County, and Jõgeva County.

The area of Tartu County is 2,992.74 km2 (1,155.50 sq mi), which covers 6.9% of the territory of Estonia. In 2022 Tartu County had a population of 157,758 – constituting 11.9% of the total population in Estonia. The city of Tartu is the centre of the county located at a distance of 186 km (116 mi) from Tallinn. Tartu County is divided into 8 local governments – 1 urban and 7 rural municipalities.
2-methylcitrate synthase
In enzymology, a 2-methylcitrate synthase (EC 2.3.3.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

propanoyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate  (2R,3S)-2-hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate + CoA

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are propanoyl-CoA, H2O, and oxaloacetate, whereas its two products are (2R,3S)-2-hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate and CoA.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases that convert acyl groups into alkyl groups on transfer.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is propanoyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-propanoyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, 1-carboxyethyl-forming). Other names in common use include 2-methylcitrate oxaloacetate-lyase, MCS, methylcitrate synthase, and methylcitrate synthetase.  This enzyme participates in propanoate metabolism.

Coenzyme A
Coenzyme A (CoA, SHCoA, CoASH) is a coenzyme, notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle. Every genome sequenced to date encodes enzymes that use coenzyme A as a substrate, and around 4% of cellular enzymes use it (or a thioester) as a substrate. In humans, CoA biosynthesis requires cysteine, pantothenate (vitamin B5), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

In its acetyl form, coenzyme A is a highly versatile molecule, serving metabolic functions in both the anabolic and catabolic pathways. Acetyl-CoA is utilised in the post-translational regulation and allosteric regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase and carboxylase to maintain and support the partition of pyruvate synthesis and degradation.
Tzummarum
Tzummarum (Dutch: [tsʏˈmaːrʏm]; West Frisian: Tsjummearum [tsjøˈmɪərəm]) is a village in Waadhoeke municipality in the province of Friesland, the Netherlands. It had a population of around 1,414 in January 2014.

West Frisian language
West Frisian (Westerlauwersk Frysk; Dutch: Westerlauwers Fries), or simply Frisian (Frysk [frisk]; Dutch: Fries [fris]), is a West Germanic language spoken mostly in the province of Friesland (Fryslân) in the north of the Netherlands, mostly by those of Frisian ancestry. It is the most widely spoken of the Frisian languages.

In the study of the evolution of English, West Frisian is notable as being the most closely related foreign tongue to the various dialects of Old English spoken across the Heptarchy, these being part of the Anglo-Frisian branch of the West Germanic family.
Hell Week (Scream Queens)
"Hell Week" is the second episode of the horror black comedy series Scream Queens. It premiered on September 22, 2015, along with the "Pilot", as the special two hour premiere on Fox. The series focuses on a college that is rocked by a serial killer in a Red Devil costume. The episode was directed by Brad Falchuk, and was written by Falchuk with co-creators Ryan Murphy, and Ian Brennan.

The episode, along with the "Pilot", was watched by 4.04 million viewers and received mixed reviews from critics.

Brad Falchuk
Bradley Douglas Falchuk (born March 1, 1971) is an American television writer, director, and producer. He is best known for co-creating the television series Glee, American Horror Story, Scream Queens, The Brothers Sun, and Pose with Ryan Murphy, as well as the 911 franchise with Murphy and Tim Minear. He was also a writer and executive producer for Nip/Tuck and is married to actress Gwyneth Paltrow. Recently he became the host of the TV show Famous Last Words where, as an interviewer, he has chats with famous and notorious celebrities right before their deaths.
Agoué
Agoué is an arrondissement in the Mono department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Grand-Popo. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 9589.

Mono Department
Mono [mo.no] is one of the twelve departments of Benin, with its capital at Lokossa. It is named for the Mono River which forms much of the border with Togo. The northern areas of the department were split off to create the newly formed Kouffo Department in 1999. Mono is subdivided into six communes, each centred at one of the principal towns, namely, Athiémè, Bopa, Comè, Grand-Popo, Houéyogbé and Lokossa. It has an area of 1,396 square kilometres (539 sq mi).

As of 2013, the total population of the department was 497,243, with 241,554 males and 255,689 females. The proportion of women was 51.40%. The total rural population was 50.30%, while the urban population was 49.70%. The total labour force in the department was 142,220, of which 48.60% were women. The proportion of households with no level of education was 48.70%.
Podocarpus costaricensis
Podocarpus costaricensis is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae.  It is endemic to Costa Rica, where it is known from four locations in San José Province. It grows in lowland and lower montane tropical rainforest from 70 to 1,700 meters elevation.  The species was described in 1990, and its distribution and ecology are poorly understood.

San José Province
San José (Spanish pronunciation: [saŋ xoˈse]) is a province of Costa Rica. It is located in the central part of the country, and borders (clockwise beginning in the north) the provinces of Alajuela, Heredia, Limón, Cartago and Puntarenas. The provincial and national capital is San José. The province covers an area of 4,965.9 km². and has a population of 1,404,242.
Ari Laptev
Ari Laptev (born August 10, 1950) is a mathematician working on the spectral theory of partial differential equations.

His PhD was obtained in 1978 at Leningrad State University under the supervision of Michael Solomyak.

He is currently Professor at both the KTH in Stockholm and Imperial College London.
From 2001 to 2003 Laptev served as the President of the Swedish Mathematical Society.

In the years 2007–2010 he served as the President of the European Mathematical Society.

In April 2007 he was awarded the Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award.

He was from 2011 to 2018 the Director of Institut Mittag-Leffler.

He is Editor-in-Chief of Acta Mathematica, Editor-in-Chief of Arkiv för Matematik, Deputy Chief Editor of the "Journal of Spectral Theory", Editor of the "Bulletin of Mathematical Sciences", Editor of "Problems in Mathematical Analysis", and Editor of "Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Matematika".

Arkiv för Matematik
The  Arkiv för Matematik is a biannual peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal covering mathematics. The journal was established in 1949 when Arkiv för matematik, astronomi och fysik was split into separate journals, and is currently published by the International Press of Boston on behalf  of the Institut Mittag-Leffler of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. The current Editor-in-Chief is Hans Ringström.

The journal is indexed by Mathematical Reviews and Zentralblatt MATH. Its 2009 MCQ was 0.47.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 0.896, ranking it 177th out of 330 journals in the category "MATHEMATICS".
Palomar Distant Solar System Survey
The Palomar Distant Solar System Survey (PDSSS) was a wide-field survey aimed at finding distant trans-Neptunian objects. It used the robotic 1.2 m Samuel Oschin Telescope at Palomar Observatory and the QUEST large-area CCD camera in 2007 and 2008.

The survey was designed to identify putative members of a Sedna-like population with perihelia greater than 45 AU. The limiting magnitude of this study was 21.3 in the R-band; it was sensitive out to distances of 1000 AU, and 12,000 square degrees of sky were searched. This observing program was responsible for the discovery of 25 minor planets including trans-Neptunian objects and centaurs. The dwarf planet Gonggong and large scattered disc object Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà (2007 UK126) were among the objects discovered by this survey. It redetected Sedna but no other objects in Sedna-like orbits were identified.

Charge-coupled device
A charge-coupled device (CCD) is an integrated circuit containing an array of linked, or coupled, capacitors. Under the control of an external circuit, each capacitor can transfer its electric charge to a neighboring capacitor. CCD sensors are a major technology used in digital imaging.