hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Filip Rindler
Filip Rindler (born August 15, 1984 in Berlin) is an Austrian mathematician. After studying at TU Berlin, he finished his doctorate at the University of Oxford in 2011 under the supervision of Jan Kristensen. Since 2020 he is a Professor at the University of Warwick. He works on the calculus of variations, partial differential equations and geometric measure theory, as well as mathematical material science.

In 2018 he was awarded the prestigious Whitehead Prize of the London Mathematical Society for "his solutions to fundamental problems on the border between the theory of partial differential equations, calculus of variations and geometric measure theory". He received an ERC Starting Grant in 2017 and an ERC Consolidator Grant in 2024

London Mathematical Society
The London Mathematical Society (LMS) is one of the United Kingdom's learned societies for mathematics (the others being the Royal Statistical Society (RSS), the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications (IMA), the Edinburgh Mathematical Society and the Operational Research Society (ORS).
Kabhi To Milenge
Kabhi To Milenge is an Indian television series that aired on Zee TV based on the story of a woman who has been wrongly convicted for the murder of her husband. The series premiered on 2 July 2001 and ended on 27 July 2001. They aired every Monday to Friday at 10 pm IST. It starred known Bollywood film actress Rati Agnihotri in the main lead and was directed by known Bollywood film director Anant Mahadevan, who also worked in the series.

Indian Standard Time
Indian Standard Time (IST), sometimes also called India Standard Time, is the time zone observed throughout the Republic of India, with a time offset of UTC+05:30. India does not observe daylight saving time or other seasonal adjustments. In military and aviation time, IST is designated E* ("Echo-Star"). It is indicated as Asia/Kolkata in the IANA time zone database.
Lemon Grove Kids Meet the Monsters
Lemon Grove Kids Meet the Monsters is a trilogy of short films released during 1965.  The films are homages to the Bowery Boys film series which lasted from the mid-1940s to the late 1950s.

Each film of the trilogy features the antics of the bumbling Lemon Grove Kids. They are titled The Lemon  Grove Kids, The Lemon Grove Kids Meet the Green Grasshopper and the Vampire Lady from Outer Space, and The Lemon Grove Kids Go Hollywood!.  Filmmaker Ray Dennis Steckler created the characters, wrote 'Hollywood', and  directed the first film of the trilogy. He also features in each segment, billed as Cash Flagg. The three shorts were edited into a comedy horror feature film, The Lemon Grove Kids Meet The Monsters. For theatrical showings, the film was interrupted by the film's mummy going into the audience.

The Bowery Boys
The Bowery Boys are fictional New York City characters portrayed by an ensemble of actors, who were the subject of 48 feature films released quarterly by Monogram Pictures and its successor Allied Artists Pictures Corporation from January 1946 through January 1958.

The Bowery Boys were successors of The East Side Kids, which had been a Monogram series since 1940. The group originated as The Dead End Kids, who originally appeared in the 1937 film Dead End.
Limoges, Ontario
Limoges, Ontario is a town located in the United Counties of Prescott and Russell approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi) east of Ottawa and is home to Calypso, Canada's largest water park. The east and north sides of the community are located in the township of the Nation, while the west side of the community is located in the township of Russell.

United Counties of Prescott and Russell
The United Counties of Prescott and Russell  (French: Comtés unis de Prescott et Russell) is a county located in the Canadian province of Ontario. Its county seat is L'Orignal. It is located in Eastern Ontario, in the wedge-shaped area between the Ottawa River and St. Lawrence River, approximately 55 kilometres (34 mi) east of the City of Ottawa.

The county was created as a result of a merger between Russell County and Prescott County in 1820. Under Ontario law, the county is an Upper-tier Municipality.
Bedsole
Bedsole is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ann Bedsole (1930–2025), American politician, businesswoman, community activist, and philanthropist

Hal Bedsole (1941–2017), American football player

Loraine Bedsole Bush Tunstall (1881–1953), American social reformer

Russell Bedsole (born 1975), American politician and law enforcement officer

Loraine Bedsole Bush Tunstall
Loraine Bedsole Bush Tunstall (née, Bedsole; after first marriage, Bush; after second marriage, Tunstall; 1881–1953) was an American social reformer who served as the first director of Alabama's department focused on child welfare, in which capacity she attained national distinction. She was the first woman to ever head a state department in Alabama. She also served as Alabama child labor inspector (1915–17) and was on the staff of the United States Department of Labor (1918–19).
Putagán River
Putagán (in mapudungun: "water stream") is a river in Linares Province, Maule Region of Chile. The Putagán is born in the foothills of the Andes and, flowing from east to west, passes south of the village of the same name. Along its course, the river contributes to form the northern border of the municipality of Linares with the following municipalities (from east to west): Colbún, Yerbas Buenas and Villa Alegre, before joining the Loncomilla river.

Villa Alegre, Chile
Villa Alegre (Spanish for "joyous town") a commune and city located in Linares Province, Maule Region of Chile. With an area of 189.8 km2 (73 sq mi), Villa Alegre is the smallest commune in the Maule Region. It sits 92 m (302 ft) above sea level.
Jamaica Journal
The Jamaica Journal is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the Institute of Jamaica. It publishes scholarly articles on the history, natural history, art, literature, music, and culture of Jamaica.

Its predecessor was the Journal of the Institute of Jamaica, established in 1896. In 1967, the Jamaica Journal was established  as a quarterly journal, "to reflect the Institute's interest in the development and promotion of Jamaica's history, literature, science and arts". In 2002, the journal temporarily ceased publication; it was relaunched in 2004 under a new editor-in-chief, Kim Robinson-Walcott.

EBSCO Information Services
EBSCO Information Services, headquartered in Ipswich, Massachusetts, is a division of EBSCO Industries Inc., a private company headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama. EBSCO provides products and services to libraries of many types around the world. Its products include EBSCONET, a complete e-resource management system, and EBSCOhost, which supplies a fee-based online research service with 375 full-text databases, a collection of 600,000-plus ebooks, subject indexes, point-of-care medical references, and an array of historical digital archives. In 2010, EBSCO introduced its EBSCO Discovery Service (EDS) to institutions, which allows searches of a portfolio of journals and magazines.
Hey's Mineral Index
Hey's Mineral Index is a standard reference work in mineralogy.

It is an alphabetical index of known mineral species and varieties, and includes synonyms.  For species and major varieties more detail is provided.  It includes a classification of minerals based on their chemistry into 32 top-level groups, and breaks these groups down further.

Synonym
A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that has a similar or identical meaning to another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in English, words like begin, start, commence, and initiate are synonyms: they are synonymous. The standard test for synonymy is substitution: one form can be used interchangeably without changing the meaning of the sentence.

Words may be synonymous in only one particular sense: for example, long and extended in the context of long time or extended time are synonymous, but long cannot be used in the phrase extended family.

Synonyms with identical meanings share a seme or denotational sememe, whereas those with inexactly similar meanings share a broader denotational or connotational sememe and overlap within a semantic field. The former are sometimes known as cognitive synonyms, and the latter are referred to as near-synonyms, plesionyms, or poecilonyms.
Kristin Amparo
Kristin Viktoria Amparo Sundberg (born 1 December 1983) is a Swedish singer. She attended Adolf Fredrik's Music School in Stockholm. She participated in season 1 of the Swedish X Factor in 2012, which was broadcast on TV4, where she made it to the judge's houses stage before being eliminated. Amparo participated in Melodifestivalen 2015 with the song "I See You" in the third semi-final. She made it to the "Second Chance" round but failed to make it to the Melodifestivalen final.

Adolf Fredrik's Music School
Adolf Fredrik's Music School (Swedish: Adolf Fredriks Musikklasser) is a general municipal junior high school (Swedish: grundskola) in Stockholm, Sweden with a focus on choral music, and highly competitive admission based on audition in singing and musical ability. The school has two campuses and three youth choirs of high international standard. Many professional musicians are alumni.

Adolf Fredrik's Youth Choir is part of the Adolf Fredrik Church and has only its name in common with the school. Adolf Fredriks Madrigalkör used to be associated with the church, but is now independent from both the church and the school.
Donskoy Tabak
Closed JSC «Donskoy Tabak» (also known as «Don Tobacco») is a former name of Russian cigarette and tobacco manufacturing company, located in Rostov-on-Don, Russia. It was a part of the Japan Tobacco — a cigarette manufacturing international company, until merged into subsidiary JTI. As of 2018, Donskoy Tabak was Russia's fourth-largest cigarette manufacturer.

Rostov-on-Don
Rostov-on-Don, or simply Rostov, is a port city and the administrative centre of Rostov Oblast and the Southern Federal District of Russia. It lies in the southeastern part of the East European Plain on the Don River, 32 kilometers (20 mi) from the Sea of Azov, directly north of the North Caucasus. The southwestern suburbs of the city lie above the Don river delta. Rostov-on-Don has a population of over one million people and is an important cultural, educational, economic and logistical centre of Southern Russia.
MV Brazza
MV Brazza was a French merchant ship. She was the first motor ship in fleet of Chargeurs Réunis. She was built in Nantes in 1924 as the cargo ship Camranh, and rebuilt in Saint-Nazaire in 1927 as the cargo liner Brazza. A U-boat sank her in 1940, killing 379 of her passengers and crew.

She was the first of two Chargeurs ships to be named after the French explorer Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza. The second was a motor ship that was launched in 1947, sold to the French Navy in 1965, renamed Maurienne, and scrapped in 1975.

Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza
Pierre Paul François Camille Savorgnan de Brazza (born Pietro Paolo Savorgnan di Brazzà; 26 January 1852 – 14 September 1905) was an Italian-French explorer. With his family's financial help, he explored the Ogooué region of Central Africa, and later with the backing of the Société de Géographie de Paris, he reached far into the interior along the right bank of the Congo River. He has often been depicted as a man of friendly manner, great charm and peaceful approach towards the Africans he met and worked with on his journeys. Under French colonial rule, the capital of the Republic of the Congo was named Brazzaville after him and the name was retained by the post-colonial rulers.
Thermopolis, Wyoming
Thermopolis is the county seat and most populous town in Hot Springs County, Wyoming, United States. As of the 2020 census, Thermopolis had a population of 2,725.

Thermopolis, Greek for "hot city", is the location of numerous natural hot springs, in which mineral-laden waters are heated by geothermal processes.

The town claims the world's largest mineral hot spring, "The Big Spring", as part of Hot Springs State Park. The springs are open to the public for free as part of an 1896 treaty signed with the Shoshone and Arapaho Indian tribes.

Arapaho
The Arapaho (/əˈræpəhoʊ/ ə-RAP-ə-hoh; French: Arapahos, Gens de Vache) are a Native American people historically living on the plains of Colorado and Wyoming. They were close allies of the Cheyenne tribe and loosely aligned with the Lakota and Dakota.

By the 1850s, Arapaho bands formed two tribes, namely the Northern Arapaho and Southern Arapaho. Since 1878, the Northern Arapaho have lived with the Eastern Shoshone on the Wind River Reservation in Wyoming and are federally recognized as the Northern Arapaho Tribe of the Wind River Reservation. The Southern Arapaho live with the Southern Cheyenne in Oklahoma. Together, their members are enrolled as the federally recognized Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes.
Onwuka Kalu
Onwuka Kalu (24 May 1954 in Abiriba, Abia State, Nigeria – 23 February 2015 in Edgware, London, England) was a Nigerian businessman who founded Onwuka Hi-Tek a manufacturing concern in Aba which was later quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange but later fell into decline after Kalu fell out with the Nigerian government. He was a promoter of made in Nigeria and made in Aba products and was also a co-founder of Fidelity Union Merchant Bank.

Aba, Nigeria
Aba is a city in southeastern Nigeria. It lies along the west bank of the Aba River and is at the intersection of roads leading to cities such as Port Harcourt, Owerri, Umuahia, Ikot Ekpene, and Ikot-Abasi.

Aba was established by the Ngwa clan of the Igbo people in Nigeria as a market town. Later, a military post was placed there by the British colonial administration in 1901. The city became a collection point for agricultural products following construction of a British-made railway running through it to Port Harcourt. Aba is a major urban settlement and commercial centre in Abia State, which is surrounded by small villages and towns. The indigenous people of Aba are the Ngwa. Aba is well known for its craftsmen, and as of 2016, Aba had an estimated population of 2,534,265, making it the biggest city in southeastern Nigeria.
Fast Five (video game)
Fast Five is a racing video game developed and published by Gameloft for Android, iOS, J2ME and MacOS. The game is based on the 2011 film. It was released in two versions: 3D for smartphones and 2D for functional phones.

Java Platform, Micro Edition
Java Platform, Micro Edition or Java ME is a computing platform for development and deployment of portable code for embedded and mobile devices (micro-controllers, sensors, gateways, mobile phones, personal digital assistants, TV set-top boxes, printers). Java ME was formerly known as Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition or J2ME.

The platform uses the object-oriented Java programming language, and is part of the Java software-platform family. It was designed by Sun Microsystems (now Oracle Corporation) and replaced a similar technology, PersonalJava.

In 2013, with more than three billion Java ME–enabled mobile phones in the market, the platform was in continued decline as smartphones have overtaken feature phones.
Maja Pohar
Maja Pohar Perme (born 8 April 1976) is a Slovenian former badminton player affiliated with Olimpija club. She competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. Her brother Andrej Pohar also a professional badminton player, and the duo played in the mixed doubles event. She won 33 times National Championships title, 10 in the women's singles, 9 in the women's doubles, and 14 in the mixed doubles event.

Pohar received her Master of Statistics and Ph.D. in University of Ljubljana. She is an associate professor of Biostatistics at the Medical faculty of the University of Ljubljana and teaches both medical students as well as statistics students at masters and PhD level. As statistician, she is the co-editor of the Slovenian Medical Journal.

University of Ljubljana
The University of Ljubljana (Slovene: Univerza v Ljubljani, pronounced [uniʋɛ́ːɾza w ljubljàːni], Latin: Universitas Labacensis), abbreviated UL, is the oldest and largest university in Slovenia. It has approximately 38,000 enrolled students. The university has 23 faculties and three art academies with approximately 4,000 teaching and research staff, assisted by approximately 2,000 technical and administrative staff. The University of Ljubljana offers programs in the humanities, sciences, and technology, as well as in medicine, dentistry, and veterinary science.

The university was founded in the centre of Ljubljana, where the central university building and the majority of its faculties are located. Since then, newer buildings have been constructed in the suburbs of the city.
Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
The Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Russian: Мордовская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика, Mordovskaya Avtonomnaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika; Moksha: Мордовскяй Автономнай Советскяй Социалистическяй Республикась, Mordovskjaj Avtonomnaj Sovetskjaj Socialističeskjaj Respublikaś; Erzya: Мордовской Автономной Советской Социалистической Республикась, Mordovskoj Avtonomnoj Sovetskoj Socialističeskoj Respublikaś) was an autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR within the Soviet Union. It is now known as the Republic of Mordovia, a federal subject of Russia.

Erzya language
The Erzya language (эрзянь кель, eŕźań keĺ, pronounced [ˈerʲzʲanʲ ˈkʲelʲ]), also Erzian or historically Arisa, is spoken by approximately 300,000 people in the northern, eastern and north-western parts of the Republic of Mordovia and adjacent regions of Nizhny Novgorod, Chuvashia, Penza, Samara, Saratov, Orenburg, Ulyanovsk, Tatarstan and Bashkortostan in Russia. A diaspora can also be found in Armenia and Estonia, as well as in Kazakhstan and other states of Central Asia. Erzya is currently written using Cyrillic with no modifications to the variant used by the Russian language. In Mordovia, Erzya is co-official with Moksha and Russian.

The language belongs to the Mordvinic branch of the Uralic languages. Erzya is a language that is closely related to Moksha but has distinct phonetics, morphology and vocabulary.
Andrew Copelan
Andrew "Andy" Copelan (born in Pittsford, New York) is the head coach of the Waterdogs Lacrosse Club. Previously, Copelan was the head coach of Fairfield University from 2008 to 2019. Prior to that, Copelan was an assistant coach and offensive coordinator at the Maryland Terrapins from 2006 to 2008.  He was the head coach at Marist College from 2004 to 2005, where he led the Red Foxes to their first NCAA tournament appearance in 2005.

Copelan is a 2003 graduate of Bucknell University.  Copelan was a four-year starter at midfielder, where he helped lead the Bison to four consecutive Patriot League titles, and the program's first-ever NCAA berth in 2001. As a senior, he earned All-Patriot League accolades, and was a four-time selection to the Patriot League Academic Honor Roll for Student Athletes. He was also chosen as an alternate for the annual North-South game, a national senior all-star game.

Marist University
Marist University (formerly Marist College before 2025) is a private university in Poughkeepsie Town, New York, United States. Marist was founded by the Marist Brothers, a Catholic religious institute, in 1905 to prepare brothers for their vocations as educators. In 1929, Marist became accredited by the state to offer a wider range of degrees in the arts and sciences. Marist's 180-acre main campus overlooks the Hudson River. Marist has a branch campus in Florence, Italy. A member of NCAA Division I, Marist sponsors 23 collegiate sports. In 2003 the Catholic Church declared Marist a secular institution.
Cucumber sandwich
The traditional cucumber sandwich is a crustless tea sandwich (or finger sandwich) composed of thin slices of cucumber situated between two thin slices of lightly buttered white bread. The sandwich originated in the United Kingdom.

Cucumber sandwiches are most often served for a light snack or afternoon tea, or in the early evening before the main supper. Cucumber sandwiches are also traditionally served during the tea break at club cricket matches in England.

Cucumber
The cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is a widely-cultivated creeping vine plant in the family Cucurbitaceae that bears cylindrical to spherical fruits, which are used as culinary vegetables. Considered an annual plant, there are three main types of cucumber—slicing, pickling, and seedless—within which several cultivars have been created. The cucumber originates in Asia extending from India, Nepal, Bangladesh, China (Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi), and Northern Thailand, but now grows on most continents, and many different types of cucumber are grown commercially and traded on the global market. In North America, the term wild cucumber refers to plants in the genera Echinocystis and Marah, though the two are not closely related.
Dr. Shiver
Bruno Carlo Oggioni (Italian pronunciation: [ˈbruːno ˈkarlo odˈdʒoːni]; born 7 July 1983), better known as Dr. Shiver and Bruno Riva, is an Italian record producer, musician, pianist, DJ, remixer, sound engineer and label manager. He started working in the music business in 1999, conceived his own record label Art&Music Recording in 2002 and opened the Art&Music Recording Studios in Italy in October 2012.

Candi Staton
Canzetta Maria "Candi" Staton (/ˈsteɪtən/, STAY-tən) (born March 13, 1940) is an American singer, best known in the United States for her 1970 cover of Tammy Wynette's "Stand by Your Man" and her 1976 disco chart-topper "Young Hearts Run Free". In Europe, Staton's biggest selling record is the anthemic "You Got the Love" from 1986, released in collaboration with the Source. Staton was inducted into the Christian Music Hall of Fame and is a five-time Grammy Award nominee.
Timeline of the Era of Fragmentation
This is a timeline of the Era of Fragmentation, the period of Tibetan history lasting from the death of the Tibetan Empire's last emperor, Langdarma, in 842 until Drogön Chögyal Phagpa gained control over the three provinces of Tibet in 1253 under Mongol rule.

Era of Fragmentation
The Era of Fragmentation (Tibetan: སིལ་བའི་དུས།) was an era of disunity in Tibetan history lasting from the death of the Tibetan Empire's last king, Langdarma, in 842 until Drogön Chögyal Phagpa became the Imperial Preceptor of the three regions of Tibet in 1253, following the Mongol conquest in the 1240s. During this period, the political unity of the Tibetan Empire collapsed following the Battle of U-Yor between Yumtän (Yum brtan) and Ösung (’Od-srung), after which followed numerous rebellions against the remnants of the empire and the rise of regional warlords.
Packet Tracer
Packet Tracer  is a cross-platform visual simulation tool designed by Cisco Systems that allows users to create network topologies and imitate modern computer networks. The software allows users to simulate the configuration of Cisco routers and switches using a simulated command line interface. Packet Tracer makes use of a drag and drop user interface, allowing users to add and remove simulated network devices as they see fit. The software is mainly focused towards Cisco Networking Academy students as an educational tool for helping them learn fundamental CCNA concepts. Previously students enrolled in a CCNA Academy program could freely download and use the tool free of charge for educational use.

Border Gateway Protocol
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a standardized exterior gateway protocol designed to exchange routing and reachability information among autonomous systems (AS) on the Internet. BGP is classified as a path-vector routing protocol, and it makes routing decisions based on paths, network policies, or rule-sets configured by a network administrator.

BGP used for routing within an autonomous system is called Interior Border Gateway Protocol (iBGP). In contrast, the Internet application of the protocol is called Exterior Border Gateway Protocol (EBGP).