hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Neuroanatomy
Neuroanatomy is a branch of anatomy and neuroscience that studies the structure and organization of the nervous system. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems. Their neuroanatomy is therefore better understood. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the central nervous system (CNS) comprising the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) comprising the connecting nerves between them. Much of what has informed neuroscientists has come from observing how lesions (damage) to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.

For information about the composition of non-human animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain, and peripheral nervous system.

Behavior
Behavior (American English) or behaviour (British English) is the range of actions of organisms, individuals, systems or artificial entities in some environment. These systems can include other systems or organisms as well as the inanimate physical environment. It is the computed response of the system or organism to various stimuli or inputs, whether internal or external, conscious or subconscious, overt or covert, and voluntary or involuntary. While some behavior is produced in response to an organism's environment (extrinsic motivation), behavior can also be the product of intrinsic motivation, also referred to as "agency" or "free will".

Taking a behavior informatics perspective, a behavior consists of actor, operation, interactions, and their properties. This can be represented as a behavior vector.
Collegium Hosianum
The Collegium Hosianum was the Jesuit collegium founded in 1565, 1566 by Polish Cardinal Stanislaus Hosius in Braunsberg (Braniewo), Kingdom of Poland. The town was then part of the Polish Prince-Bishopric of Warmia under rule of Cardinal Hosius. The Collegium Hosianum was one of the biggest Jesuit schools and one of the most important centres of Counter-Reformation in Europe and was particularly established to educate Catholic clergy of different countries.

Andrew Bobola
Andrew Bobola, SJ (Polish: Andrzej Bobola; 1591 – 16 May 1657) was a Polish missionary and martyr of the Society of Jesus, known as the "Apostle of Lithuania" and the "hunter of souls". He was beaten and tortured to death during the Khmelnytsky Uprising. He was canonized in 1938 by Pope Pius XI.
Parigi, Felino
Parigi is an Italian village and hamlet (frazione) of Felino, a municipality in the province of Parma, Emilia-Romagna. The toponym derives from the French capital city, Paris, which in Italian is Parigi. In 2009, it had a population of 21.

The village located on a side road of the provincial highway SP32, named Via Ilario Bragazzi. Composed by some farmhouses, it is close to Cinghio creek and to the villages of San Michele Tiorre, Ca' Cotti and La Resga. It is 1.6 km far from Pilastro, 1.2 from Calicella (both hamlets of Langhirano), 3 from Felino, and 17 from the city centre of Parma.

Province of Parma
The province of Parma (Italian: provincia di Parma) is a province in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Its largest town and capital is the city of Parma.

It is made up of 47 comuni (sg.: comune). It has an area of 3,449 square kilometres (1,332 sq mi) and a total population of around 450,000.

The province is bordered by the province of Reggio Emilia to the east, the Piacenza to the west, Lombardy's provinces of Cremona and Mantua to the north and by Liguria's provinces of La Spezia and Genoa and Tuscany's Province of Massa-Carrara to the south.
The Heiress of Bruges
The Heiress of Bruges is an 1830 historical novel by the Irish writer Thomas Colley Grattan. It was released in four volumes by London publishers Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley. Grattan wrote the novel while living in Brussels, shortly before the Belgian Revolution led to its independence from Dutch rule. He dedicated to Lady Bagot, the wife of British Ambassador Sir Charles Bagot. The work is set in Bruges around 1600. He was inspired partly by the success of the Waverley novels, and one reviewer described novel as the work of a "Flemish Walter Scott". It was given a largely positive critical reception, sold fairly and well and was subsequently translated into several languages. Grattan followed it with another historical novel set in the Low Countries Jacqueline of Holland (1831).

Richard Bentley (publisher)
Richard Bentley (24 October 1794 – 10 September 1871) was a 19th-century English publisher born into a publishing family. He started a firm with his brother in 1819. Ten years later, he went into partnership with the publisher Henry Colburn. Although the business was often successful, publishing the famous "Standard Novels" series, they ended their partnership in acrimony three years later. Bentley continued alone profitably in the 1830s and early 1840s, establishing the well-known periodical Bentley's Miscellany. However, the periodical went into decline after its editor, Charles Dickens, left. Bentley's business started to falter after 1843 and he sold many of his copyrights. Only 15 years later did it begin to recover.
Alison Owen-Spencer
Alison Owen-Spencer (later Kiesel, born January 5, 1953) is a retired American cross-country skier. She competed in the 5 km, 10 km and relay events at the 1972 and 1980 Winter Olympics with the best individual result of 22nd place in 1980. She finished seventh in the 1978–79 World Cup (a concept under test at the time by the FIS), winning a 5 km race at Cable, Wisconsin in December 1978. In 1979 she won the national 5 km and 10 km titles.

Owen-Spencer studied at Alaska Methodist University, where she met her future husband, Joe Spencer, but the marriage did not last.

Alaska Pacific University
Alaska Pacific University (APU) is a private university in Anchorage, Alaska, United States. It was established as Alaska Methodist University in 1957. Although it was renamed to Alaska Pacific University in 1978, it is still affiliated with the United Methodist Church. The main campus is located adjacent to the University of Alaska Anchorage (UAA) and the Alaska Native Medical Center.
PieLab
PieLab was a restaurant in Greensboro, Alabama, specializing in pie. The place was opened in an abandoned pool hall in 2009 by a group of designers from Belfast, Maine (calling themselves "Project M"). Led by a group of young graphic designers, it included a design studio and culinary school and aimed for social change in the community. Their "Empire Apple Pie" was written up by Southern Living for their series "The South's Best Pies", and Food & Wine likewise praised the apple pie, adding that the bakery's profits go toward housing and temporary shelters in Hale County, Alabama. They were one of three finalists for a 2010 James Beard Foundation Award. Food writer John T. Edge discussed PieLab at length in The New York Times, providing a history of Project M as well.

Pie Lab closed in 2020, citing the COVID-19 pandemic as a contributing factor to its closing.

Southern Living
Southern Living is a lifestyle magazine aimed at readers in the Southern United States featuring recipes, house plans, garden plans, and information about Southern culture and travel. It is published by Birmingham, Alabama–based Southern Progress Corporation, a unit of IAC's People Inc..
St. Olavs Gate tram stop
St. Olavs Gate in Trondheim, Norway is the location of the terminal station of Gråkallbanen, the only remaining tramline in Trondheim. The station serves the city center and is located two blocks from the bus station at Munkegata Terminal. It is located on St. Olavs Gate between Kongens Gate and Dronningens Gate.

The station was built in 1924 and first served as the terminus for the private Gråkallbanen.   Until 1946 the trams had to change direction at St. Olavs Gate, but that year a loop was built at the station so the trams could continue on without changing direction. Until 1966, passengers were not allowed on or off along the tram line they shared with the city owned Trondheim Sporvei. The operation of the tram was taken over by Trondheim Trafikkselskap in 1974. From 1973 the line continued on to Voldsminde and later in the 1980s to Lade, and did not stop at St. Olavs Gate. After Gråkallbanen was reopened in 1990, St. Olavs Gate station again became the terminus for the line.

Trondheim Sporvei
Trondheim Sporvei was a municipally owned tram operator in Trondheim, Norway that existed between 1936 and 1974. The company operated the municipal parts of the Trondheim Tramway until it was merged with A/S Graakalbanen and Trondheim Bilruter to create Trondheim Trafikkselskap. That company has become part of Nettbuss,  the largest Norwegian bus company in Norway which is owned by Norwegian State Railways (Norges Statsbaner AS).
HMS Seaford
Four ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Seaford, after the coastal town of Seaford, now in East Sussex. A fifth was planned, but was not completed for the navy:

HMS Seaford (1695) was a 24-gun sixth rate purchased in 1695 and captured by the French in 1697.

HMS Seaford (1697) was a 24-gun sixth rate launched in 1697, rebuilt in 1724 and broken up in 1740.

HMS Seaford (1741) was a 24-gun sixth rate launched in 1741 and broken up by 1754.

HMS Seaford (1754) was a 20-gun sixth rate launched in 1754, participated in the Battle of Manila (1762), and sold in 1784.

HMS Seaford was to have been a Bangor-class minesweeper. She was laid down in 1941, renamed HMS Waglan later that year, and captured while under construction by the Japanese during the Fall of Hong Kong in late 1941. She was completed by them and launched as 102. Returned to the Royal Navy in 1947, she was scrapped in 1948.

HMS Seaford (1695)
HMS Seaford was purchased from Richard Herring of Bursledon, who had built the vessel on speculation to a similar specification as the Maidstone Group. After she was commissioned, she sailed as part of the expedition to recapture Fort York on Hudson Bay. She was also part of Symond's squadron in the West Indies, where she was captured and burnt by the French in 1697.

Seaford was the first named ship in the Royal Navy.
Pagan Spirit Gathering
Pagan Spirit Gathering (PSG) is a nature spirituality festival organized by Circle Sanctuary. First held in 1980, it has grown into one of the oldest and largest such events in the United States. The gathering is held Sunday to Sunday during the week near the summer solstice, forming a temporary Pagan town each year.

Festivals were first held in Richland County, Wisconsin, but outgrew the facilities and moved in 1997 to a location near Athens, Ohio, at Wisteria. PSG moved to Camp Zoe near Salem, Missouri in 2009, then to Stonehouse Farm near Earlville, Illinois in 2011. After a flash flood caused PSG 2015 to close early, PSG moved to Tall Tree Lake near Vienna, Illinois.

The gathering went on hiatus in 2020 and virtual in 2021 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Athens, Ohio
Athens is a city in Athens County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. The population was 23,849 at the 2020 United States census.  Located along the Hocking River within Appalachian Ohio about 65 miles (105 km) southeast of Columbus, Athens is best known as the home of Ohio University, a large public research university with an undergraduate and graduate enrollment of more than 21,000 students. It is the principal city of the Athens micropolitan area.
Francis J. Haverfield
Francis John Haverfield, FBA (8 November 1860 at Shipston-on-Stour – 1 October 1919) was an English ancient historian, archaeologist, and academic. From 1907 to 1919 he held the Camden Professorship of Ancient History at the University of Oxford.

British School at Rome
The British School at Rome (BSR) is a British interdisciplinary research centre supporting the arts, humanities and architecture established in Rome. Historical and archaeological study are at the core of its activities.
Phil Hall (journalist)
Phil Hall is a British journalist, the former editor of the News of the World and the founder and chairman of the PHA Group, a London PR agency.

Hall entered journalism in 1974, as a reporter on the Dagenham Post. He then moved to the Ilford Recorder and subsequently filled a sub-editor post on the Newham Recorder, but returned to reporting at the Sunday People. In 1992, he was appointed news editor of the Sunday Express and the following year, he joined the News of the World as assistant editor, becoming deputy editor and, in 1995, editor.

Hall remained in the job until May 2000 when he joined Hello! magazine as editor and later was appointed Editorial Director of Development at Trinity Mirror, before moving into PR consultancy. He founded the PHA Group in 2005, specialising in areas of PR including crisis and campaign management, personal profile building, media relations and more recently, digital communications.

Sunday People
The Sunday People is a British tabloid Sunday newspaper. It was founded as The People on 16 October 1881.

At one point owned by Odhams Press, The People was acquired along with Odhams by the Mirror Group in 1961, along with the Daily Herald, which eventually became The Sun. It switched from broadsheet to tabloid on 22 September 1974.

The Sunday People is now published by Reach plc, and shares a website with the Mirror papers. In July 2011, when it benefited from the closure of the News of the World, it had an average Sunday circulation of 806,544. By December 2016 the circulation had shrunk to 239,364 and by August 2020 to 125,216.
Georgi Pirinski Jr.
Georgi Pirinski (Bulgarian: Георги Пирински; born 10 September 1948) is a Bulgarian politician of the Bulgarian Communist Party and after 1990 of the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP). He was a member of seven National Parliaments (1990 – 2013) and was the Chairman of the National Assembly of Bulgaria from 2005 to 2009. Member of the European Parliament between 2014 and 2019.

Bulgarian Socialist Party
The Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP), also known as The Centenarian, is a centre-left, social democratic political party in Bulgaria. The BSP is a member of the Socialist International, Party of European Socialists, and Progressive Alliance. Although founded in 1990 in its modern form, it traces its political heritage back to the founding of the BRSDP in 1891. It is also Bulgaria's largest party by membership numbers.
NUP
NUP is an abbreviation for:

National Umma Party Sudan. a political party in Sudan

National Union Party (disambiguation), a number political parties in various states

National Unity (Israel), a centre-right political alliance since 2022

National Unity Party (Philippines)

National Unity Platform, main opposition party in Uganda

Neapolis University, Pafos, a university in Cyprus

Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis, a subclassification of Necrotizing periodontal diseases

New Union Party, a political party in the United States

New Unity Partnership, a trade union in the United States

Northwestern University Press

Nottingham University Press

Nuclear Pore

Número único previsional ('unique social security number'), the identification number for social security in El Salvador

It is also the ISO 639-3 code for the Nupe language.

Neapolis University Paphos
The Neapolis University Pafos (NUP) is a private university in Paphos, Cyprus, that offers graduate and undergraduate degrees in Economic and Business Studies, Law, Health Sciences, Architecture & Land and Environmental Sciences, Theology and Greek Civilisation.
1902 South Australian state election
The 1902 South Australian state election was held on 3 May 1902 following the dissolution of both houses. All 42 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election, and all 18 seats in the Legislative Council. The House had a reduction of 12 seats compared to the previous election. The Council was reduced from 6 members in each of four districts to 6 members from Central District and four from each of North-Eastern, Northern and Southern Districts. The incumbent liberal government led by Premier of South Australia John Jenkins in an informal coalition with the conservatives defeated the United Labor Party (ULP) led by Thomas Price. Each of the 13 districts elected multiple members, with voters casting multiple votes.

Southern District (South Australian Legislative Council)
Southern District was an electoral district for the Legislative Council of South Australia from 1882 until 1975. Prior to the passing of the Constitution Act Further Amendment Act 1881, the Legislative Council was 18 members elected by people from across the entire Province. From 1975, the Council returned to being elected from the entire state (the province had become a state of Australia in 1901).

At its creation in 1882, the Southern District consisted of seven  electoral districts for the South Australian House of Assembly - Onkaparinga, Noarlunga, Mount Barker, Encounter Bay, Albert, Victoria and East Torrens. It covered the area of the Adelaide Hills, Fleurieu Peninsula and the south east of South Australia.
Bethany Beardslee
Bethany Beardslee (born December 25, 1925) is an American soprano. She is particularly noted for her collaborations with major 20th-century composers, such as Igor Stravinsky, Milton Babbitt, Pierre Boulez, George Perle, Sir Peter Maxwell Davies and her performances of great contemporary classical music by Arnold Schoenberg, Alban Berg, Anton Webern. Her legacy amongst mid-century composers was as a "composer's singer"—for her commitment to the highest art of new music. Milton Babbitt said of her "She manages to learn music no one else in the world can. She can work, work, work." In a 1961 interview for Newsweek, Beardslee flaunted her unflinching repertoire and disdain for commercialism: "I don't think in terms of the public... Music is for the musicians. If the public wants to come along and study it, fine. I don't go and try to tell a scientist his business because I don't know anything about it. Music is just the same way. Music is not entertainment."

Contemporary classical music
Contemporary classical music is Western art music composed close to the present day. At the beginning of the 21st century, it commonly referred to the post-1945 post-tonal music after the death of Anton Webern, and included serial music, electronic music, experimental music, and minimalist music. Newer forms of music include spectral music and post-minimalism.
Gerald Wendt
Gerald L. Wendt (1891-1973) was a chemist who became a writer and lecturer on popular science. He was director of science and education at the New York World's Fair, an editor at Time magazine and Science Illustrated, and worked for UNESCO.

Gerald Louis Wendt was born on 3 Mar 1891 in Davenport, Iowa. He was married twice and had a son by his first marriage. He died on 22 December 1973.

Wendt graduated from Harvard with a BA (1913) and a PhD (1916) in chemistry. He saw war service as a researcher for the Army in the Chemical Warfare Service,  and taught at the Rice Institute and the University of Chicago.

Wendt spent many years as a public lecturer and writer and was by 1938 a serious public scientist. He became director of The American Institute of New York City in 1937. He was director of science and education at the New York World's Fair between 1938 and 1940, promoting an optimistic vision of the future.

Chemical Corps
The Chemical Corps is the branch of the United States Army tasked with defending against and using chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) weapons. The Chemical Warfare Service was established on 28 June 1918, combining activities that until then had been dispersed among five separate agencies of the United States federal government. It was made a permanent branch of the Regular Army by the National Defense Act of 1920. In 1945, it was redesignated the Chemical Corps.
Isotropic etching
In semiconductor manufacturing, isotropic etching is a method commonly used to remove material from a substrate via a chemical process using an etchant substance. The etchant may be in liquid-, gas- or plasma-phase, although liquid etchants such as buffered hydrofluoric acid (BHF) for silicon dioxide etching are more often used. Unlike anisotropic etching, isotropic etching does not etch in a single direction, but rather etches in multiple directions within the substrate. Any horizontal component of the etch direction may therefore result in undercutting of patterned areas, and significant changes to device characteristics. Isotropic etching may occur unavoidably, or it may be desirable for process reasons.

Etching (microfabrication)
Etching is used in microfabrication to chemically remove layers from the surface of a wafer during manufacturing. Etching is a critically important process module in fabrication, and every wafer undergoes many etching steps before it is complete.

For many etch steps, part of the wafer is protected from the etchant by a "masking" material which resists etching.  In some cases, the masking material is a photoresist which has been patterned using photolithography. Other situations require a more durable mask, such as silicon nitride.
Cosmocampus balli
Cosmocampus balli (Ball's pipefish) is a species of fish of the family Syngnathidae. It is endemic to Hawaii, with observations off Oahu and Kauai. It lives in shallow, protected coral reef or rocky habitats, where it can grow to lengths of 7 centimetres (2.8 in). Although little is known about its feeding habits, it is expected to consume small crustaceans, similar to other pipefishes. This species is ovoviviparous, with males carrying eggs and giving birth to live young. Males can brood at 4.5 centimetres (1.8 in).

Syngnathidae
The Syngnathidae is a family of fish which includes seahorses, pipefishes, and seadragons (Phycodurus and Phyllopteryx). The family name comes from Ancient Greek σύν (sún), meaning "together", and γνάθος (gnáthos), meaning "jaw", referring to the fused jaw that the entire family have in common.
Veivosa Taka
Veivosa Light of Day Taka (born 18 October 1961) is a Tongan politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tonga. He is a member of the Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands.

Before entering politics Taka was a shipping director, retail manager, and District Officer for Haʻapai. He was first elected to the Legislative Assembly in the 2014 Tongan general election. He was re-elected at the 2017 election. In November 2016 he was appointed Chairman of the Committee of the Whole House.

He was re-elected in the 2021 election. He subsequently supported Siaosi Sovaleni for Prime Minister. While offered a cabinet position, he decided to remain outside cabinet.

He lost his seat at the 2025 election.

Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands
The Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands (Tongan: Paati Temokalati ʻa e ʻOtu Motu ʻAngaʻofa, PTOA), also referred to as the Democrats, is a political party in Tonga. The party's leader at its foundation was ʻAkilisi Pohiva.

The party was launched in September 2010, and included several sitting People's Representatives who were part of the Human Rights and Democracy Movement. Its objectives upon foundation included government transparency and economic reform. The PTOA failed to win any seats at the 2025 general election, marking the first time the party was left without parliamentary representation.

The "Friendly Islands" are a name originally given to Tonga by Captain James Cook.