hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Iron Bridge of El Capricho Park
The Iron Bridge of El Capricho Park is a 19th-century footbridge in El Capricho Park, Madrid. The bridge with its simple arch structure makes an aesthetic contribution to the historic park. It is notable for being the first iron bridge in Spain.

It was built in 1830, towards the end of the life of María Josefa Pimentel, Duchess of Osuna. After her marriage in 1771 she spent decades developing the gardens at her family estate in Alameda, then outside Madrid.

In the course of the 19th century, iron became a normal material for bridge construction in Spain. The Puente de Isabel II in Seville, a road bridge completed in 1852, is a much more substantial iron arch bridge. Iron was also used for some Spanish railway bridges, although in the 20th century iron components were replaced with steel, due to the increasing
weight of new locomotives.

María Josefa Pimentel, Duchess of Osuna
Lady María Josefa de Borja Pimentel y Téllez-Girón iure uxoris Duchess of Osuna, suo jure 12th Duchess of Benavente (26 November 1752 – 5 October 1834), was a Spanish Salonnière, famous as a patron of artists, writers and scientists and an important figure of the Spanish Age of Enlightenment. She was the first female (honorary) member of the royal Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País de Madrid as well as the first president of the royal Junta de Damas de Honor y Mérito.
Claudius Cyprian Featherstone
Claudius Cyprian Featherstone (December 1, 1864 – March 28, 1945) was a lawyer and judge in South Carolina. He was born in Laurens County and educated at the Patrick Military Institute. Afterwards, he undertook the study of law in Anderson where he then practiced law for a year. Featherstone returned to Laurens and practiced law there for over twenty years. While in Laurens on October 10, 1893, Featherstone married Lura Lucretia Pitts. Featherstone entered the 1910 South Carolina gubernatorial contest as the conservative and prohibitionist candidate. He lost the race to Coleman Livingston Blease by just over 5,000 votes because Blease was able to successfully galvanize the textile workers and tenant farmers for his candidacy. In 1911, Featherstone practiced law in Greenwood until 1923 when he was elected to be the judge of the Eighth Judicial Circuit. He served as a judge until his death in 1945.

Laurens County, South Carolina
Laurens County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 67,539. Its county seat is Laurens. Laurens County is included in the Greenville-Anderson-Greer, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Westford (CDP), Vermont
Westford is the primary village and a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Westford, Chittenden County, Vermont, United States. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.

The CDP is in northern Chittenden County, in the center of the town of Westford. The Browns River, a north-flowing tributary of the Lamoille River and part of the Lake Champlain watershed, passes through the CDP just east of the village center. Vermont Route 128 runs through Westford village, leading north 4 miles (6 km) to Fairfax and south 8 miles (13 km) to Essex Center.

Essex, Vermont
Essex is a town in Chittenden County, Vermont, United States. Vermont Route 289 crosses the town from east to west. The city of Essex Junction, with a population as of 2020 of 10,590, was located within the town as an incorporated village until 2022.
Triceps reflex
The triceps reflex is a deep tendon reflex that elicits involuntary contraction of the triceps brachii muscle.  It is sensed and transmitted by the radial nerve. The reflex is tested as part of the neurological examination to assess the sensory and motor pathways within the C7 and C8 spinal nerves.

Sensory neuron
Sensory neurons, also known as afferent neurons, are in the nervous system which convert a specific type of stimulus, via their receptors, into action potentials or graded receptor potentials. This process is called sensory transduction. The cell bodies of the sensory neurons are located in the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord.

The sensory information travels on the  afferent nerve fibers in a sensory nerve, to the brain via the spinal cord. Spinal nerves transmit external sensations via sensory nerves to the brain through the spinal cord. The stimulus can come from exteroreceptors outside the body, or interoreceptors inside the body.
Canio
Canio is a name. Notable people with this name include:

Canio of Atella, also known as San Canio and Saint Canius

Cristián Canío (born 1981), Chilean football player

Luigi De Canio (born 1957), Italian football player

Paolo Di Canio (born 1968), Italian football player

Virgilio Canio Corbo (1918–1991), Italian friar

Saint Canius
Saint Canius (Italian: San Canio or San Canione) was a Roman Catholic bishop and martyr, and patron saint of the cities of Calitri, Acerenza and its archdiocese.  He may have been a descendant of the Roman gens Cania. He is venerated on 25 May.
Ádhamh Ó Cuirnín
Ádhamh Ó Cuirnín was an Irish medieval scribe from a north Connacht bardic family.  His place in history remains as that of the copier, in 1418, of Lebor Gabála Érenn [The Book of the Taking of Ireland], an important historic record of the land's folkloric history, compiled and edited by an anonymous scholar in the 11th century, and containing a loose collection of poems and prose narratives recounting the mythical origins and history of the Irish race from the creation of the world to the Middle Ages.

Scrivener
A scrivener is a professional copyist or scribe whose occupation involves writing or preparing official documents, such as deeds, contracts, mortgages, and other legal instruments, typically for a fee. The profession originated in medieval Europe amid low literacy rates, where scriveners handled essential secretarial, administrative, and notarial duties, often functioning in the lower echelons of the legal field akin to early solicitors. Scriveners later developed into notaries, court reporters, and in England and Wales, scrivener notaries. Styles of handwriting used by scriveners included secretary hand, book hand and court hand.
A flor de piel (TV series)
A Flor De Piel (English Title: To Flower of Skin) is a short-lived Spanish-language telenovela (daily hour-long dramatic show) first broadcast in 1996 in many Spanish-speaking countries and in the US.   It starred Mariana Garza as Mariana, a student struggling to deal with a difficult life.

The series was produced by Television Azteca (TV Azteca), a Mexican company.

The show's theme-song was also titled "A Flor De Piel", and was sung by Mariana Garza.

TV Azteca
Televisión Azteca, commonly known as TV Azteca, is a Mexican multimedia conglomerate owned by Grupo Salinas. It is the second-largest mass media company in Mexico after Televisa. It primarily competes with Televisa as well as some local operators. It owns two national television networks, Azteca Uno and Azteca 7, and operates two other nationally distributed services, adn40 and A Más+. All three of these networks have transmitters in most major and minor cities.

TV Azteca also operates Azteca Trece Internacional, reaching 13 countries in Central and South America, and formerly part of the Azteca América network in the United States. Its flagship program is the newscast Hechos.
Colleton County Railroad
The Colleton County Railroad was a shortline railroad in Colleton County, South Carolina that existed briefly in the mid-1980s. It was organized in 1986 to take over a Seaboard System branch line. In 1988, it was merged into the Hampton and Branchville Railroad.

Colleton County, South Carolina
Colleton County is a county in the Lowcountry region of the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 38,604. Its county seat is Walterboro. The county is named after Sir John Colleton, 1st Baronet, one of the eight Lords Proprietor of the Province of Carolina. After two previous incarnations, the current Colleton County was created in 1800.
Hugh Fraser, 7th Lord Lovat
Hugh Fraser, 7th Lord Lovat (1591-1645) was a Scottish landowner.

Hugh Fraser was the son of Simon Fraser, 6th Lord Lovat and Katherine Mackenzie, daughter of Colin Mackenzie of Kintail.

He was known as the Master of Lovat until he succeeded his father in 1633. He was educated at the University of St Andrews.

In the autumn of 1634 a man cutting withies in the orchard of Lovat found an earthenware pot filled with gold coins and rings apparently from the sixteenth century. It was thought the treasure was brought to Lovat by Elizabeth Stewart, the bride of Hugh Fraser, 5th Lord Lovat, and had been stolen and hidden by her maid.

He died at Lovat on 17 December 1645.

Colin Cam Mackenzie, 11th of Kintail
Colin Mackenzie of Kintail (died 14 June 1594), nicknamed "Cam" ("crooked", because one-eyed), was a Highland chief of the Scottish clan Mackenzie who greatly increased his ancestral estates through royal favour and a career of vigorous self-aggrandisement.
Igor Grichanov
Igor Yakovlevich Grichanov (Russian: Игорь Яковлевич Гричанов; born 10 September 1958) is a Russian entomologist and ecologist. As a taxonomist, he specialised on Diptera notably Dolichopodidae. He joined the staff of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection in 1981. In 1990, he became the Head of the Laboratory of Phytosanitary Diagnostics and Forecasts. He wrote over 470 scientific papers (1979-2016). Не has described 26 new genera and over 400 new species of flies.

Dolichopodidae
Dolichopodidae, the long-legged flies, are a large, cosmopolitan family of true flies with more than 8,000 described species in about 250 genera. The genus Dolichopus is the most speciose, with some 600 species.

Dolichopodidae generally are small flies with large, prominent eyes and a metallic cast to their appearance, though there is considerable variation among the species.  Most have long legs, though some do not. In many species, the males have unusually large genitalia which are taxonomically useful in identifying species. Most adults are predatory on other small animals, though some may scavenge or act as kleptoparasites of spiders or other predators.
Peter Godfrey (footballer, born 1938)
Peter Ronald Godfrey (born 15 March 1938) is an English former professional footballer who played as a winger.

Born in Woolwich, he played for Charlton Athletic, Gillingham, Chesterfield and Exeter City between 1955 and 1967.

Woolwich
Woolwich (/ˈwʊlɪtʃ, -ɪdʒ/) is a market town in southeast London, England, within the Royal Borough of Greenwich.

The district's location on the River Thames led to its status as an important naval, military and industrial area; a role that was maintained throughout the 16th to 20th centuries. After several decades of economic hardship and social deprivation, the area now has several large-scale urban renewal projects.
Guido Rocco
Guido Rocco (Naples, 26 November 1886 – 2 May 1959) was an Italian diplomat and politician, who served as Minister of Popular Culture of the Kingdom of Italy of the Badoglio I Cabinet, the first after the fall of the Fascist regime, and well as Italian ambassador to Turkey and Czechoslovakia.

Fall of the fascist regime in Italy
The fall of the fascist regime in Italy, also known in Italy as 25 Luglio (Italian: Venticinque Luglio, pronounced [ˌventiˈtʃiŋkwe ˈluʎʎo]; lit. '25 July'), came as a result of parallel plots led respectively by Dino Grandi and King Victor Emmanuel III during the spring and summer of 1943, culminating with a successful vote of no confidence against Prime Minister Benito Mussolini at the meeting of the Grand Council of Fascism on 24–25 July 1943. The vote, although significant, had no de jure value, since by law in the Italian constitutional monarchy the prime minister was responsible for his actions only to the king, who was the only one who could dismiss him. Nevertheless, as a result, a new government was established, putting an end to the almost 21 years of Fascist rule in the Kingdom of Italy, and Mussolini was placed under arrest.
Allographa cerradensis
Allographa cerradensis is a species of lichen-forming fungus in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Brazil, it was described as new to science in 2011 as Graphis cerradensis but in 2018 it was transferred to its current genus, Allographa. This bark-dwelling lichen forms thin, pale greenish-grey crusts with distinctive elongated fruiting bodies that snake across the surface in wavy lines. It is known only from its original discovery location in a Brazilian savanna reserve, where it grows in humid patches of dense Cerrado vegetation.

Graphidaceae
The Graphidaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Graphidales. The family contains nearly a hundred genera and more than 2000 species. Although the family has a cosmopolitan distribution, most Graphidaceae species occur in tropical regions, and typically grow on bark. These lichens are characterized by their crust-like growth form and typically partner with orange-pigmented Trentepohlia algae. Many species produce distinctive elongated, slit-like fruiting bodies, and some have unusually large ascospores that can begin germinating almost immediately upon release. The family originated approximately 176 million years ago and has diversified steadily since, with major bursts of new species arising alongside the spread of flowering plants and tropical rainforests.
Department of Education (Telangana)
Department of Education is a cabinet level ministerial post in the Government of Telangana. First held on 2 June 2014, this ministry has one of the important portfolios in the cabinet of the state. The incumbent Minister for the Department of Education for the state of Telangana is Revanth Reddy.

Revanth Reddy
Anumula Revanth Reddy (born 8 November 1969) is an Indian 
politician who is serving as the second and current Chief Minister of Telangana. He is also the minister for Municipal Administration and Urban Development, General Administration, Law & Order.  As a member of the Indian National Congress, he is the current Member of the Legislative Assembly for Kodangal.

He previously represented Malkajgiri as a Member of Parliament. Appointed president of the Telangana Pradesh Congress Committee in July 2021, he led his party to victory in the 2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election, defeating the incumbent Bharat Rashtra Samithi party.
Medical Image Analysis (journal)
Medical Image Analysis (MedIA) is a peer-reviewed academic journal which focuses on medical and biological image analysis. The journal publishes papers which contribute to the basic science of analyzing and processing biomedical images acquired through means such as magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, computed tomography, nuclear medicine, x-ray, optical and confocal microscopy, among others. Common topics covered in the journal include feature extraction, image segmentation, image registration, and other image processing methods with applications to diagnosis, prognosis, and computer-assisted interventions.

Alongside  The International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, Medical Image Analysis is an official publication of The Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Interventions Society and is published by Elsevier.

Feature engineering
Feature engineering is a preprocessing step in supervised machine learning and statistical modeling which transforms raw data into a more effective set of inputs. Each input comprises several attributes, known as features. By providing models with relevant information, feature engineering significantly enhances their predictive accuracy and decision-making capability.

Beyond machine learning, the principles of feature engineering are applied in various scientific fields, including physics. For example, physicists construct dimensionless numbers such as the Reynolds number in fluid dynamics, the Nusselt number in heat transfer, and the Archimedes number in sedimentation. They also develop first approximations of solutions, such as analytical solutions for the strength of materials in mechanics.
Perfection (novel)
Perfection (Italian: Le perfezioni, lit. 'the perfections') is a 2022 novel by Vincenzo Latronico. It has been translated from Italian into English by Sophie Hughes. The book was shortlisted for the 2025 International Booker Prize. It was published by New York Review Books, Fitzcarraldo Editions and Text Publishing in 2025.

New York Review Books
New York Review Books (NYRB) is the publishing division of The New York Review of Books. Its imprints are New York Review Books Classics, New York Review Books Collections, The New York Review Children's Collection, New York Review Comics, New York Review Books Poets, and NYRB Lit.
Roebourne Regional Prison
Roebourne Regional Prison is an Australian prison  near Roebourne in the City of Karratha in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. It was established in March 1984 following the closure of the colonial-era Roebourne Gaol.

As of November 2022 the new facility is controversial because of potential for deaths in custody of its predominantly Indigenous inmates—cells can swelter in 50-degree-Celsius temperatures with no air-conditioning.

City of Karratha
The City of Karratha is one of the four local government areas in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. It covers an area of 15,882 square kilometres (6,132 sq mi) and had a population of about 21,500 as at the 2016 Census, most of which is located in its seat of government, the city of Karratha, and the major towns. It was formerly known as the Shire of Roebourne but was renamed and granted city status on 1 July 2014.
Battle of Kodziowce
The Battle of Kodziowce was a battle that took place at Kodziowce (now in modern Belarus) that occurred on 23-24 September 1939 during the Soviet invasion of Poland. It was fought between the Polish Wołkowysk Cavalry Brigade commanded by Wacław Przeździecki and Edmund Heldut-Tarnasiewicz who were retreating   from the Battle of Grodno (1939) and the Soviet 2nd Light Armoured Brigade under Col. Alexey Kurkin. The 2nd Light Tank Brigade was mainly composed of BT-7 light fast tanks and a small amount of BA-I armoured cars.

BA-I
The BA-I (sometimes BAI) is a Soviet three-axle armoured car. Only 82 vehicles of this type were built in 1932–1934, nevertheless the design initiated a series of heavy armoured cars of Izhorskij plant: BA-3, BA-6, BA-9, and BA-10. Some vehicles were used in World War II, despite being obsolete at the time.
Schoenorchis juncifolia
Schoenorchis juncifolia  is an epiphytic orchid (family Orchidaceae) of the East Indies which is best known for its resemblance to the unrelated Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) and like it hangs down in long garlands. It grows only on two species of tree: Pterophylla fraxinea (syn. Weinmannia blumei) and Castanopsis javanica.

East Indies
The East Indies (or simply the Indies) is a term used in historical narratives of the Age of Discovery. The Indies broadly referred to various lands in the East or the Eastern Hemisphere, particularly the islands and mainlands found in and around the Indian Ocean by Portuguese explorers, soon after the Cape Route was discovered. In a narrow sense, the term was used to refer to the Malay Archipelago, which today comprises the Philippine Archipelago, Indonesian Archipelago, Borneo, and New Guinea. Historically, the term was used in the Age of Discovery to refer to the coasts of the landmasses comprising the Indian subcontinent and the Indochinese Peninsula along with the Malay Archipelago.
6A RNA motif
The 6A RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics.
6A motifs are found in Actinomycetota, Bacillota, and Fusobacteriota.
6A RNAs likely function in trans as sRNAs, and contain a pseudoknot.

The 6A RNA motif was named after 6 A (adenosine) nucleotides that are highly conserved in the structure.  No other nucleotides are highly conserved.  Many 6A RNAs occur adjacent to other 6A RNAs, although no hypothesis to explain this phenomenon has been proposed.

Bacillota
The Bacillota (synonym "Firmicutes") are a phylum of bacteria, most of which have Gram-positive cell wall structure. They have round cells, called cocci (singular coccus), or rod-like forms (bacillus). A few Bacillota, such as Megasphaera, Pectinatus, Selenomonas, and Zymophilus from the class Negativicutes, have a porous pseudo-outer membrane that causes them to stain Gram-negative. Many Bacillota produce endospores, which are resistant to desiccation and can survive extreme conditions. They are found in various environments, and the group includes some notable pathogens. Those in one family, the Heliobacteria, produce energy through anoxygenic photosynthesis. Bacillota play an important role in beer, wine, and cider spoilage.
Blyde-Olifants Conservancy
Blyde-Olifants Conservancy, The Conservancy consolidates a group of privately owned game farms in the central Lowveld region into an official nature reserve. Lying roughly between Hoedspruit and Phalaborwa. Through the conservancy run two incredibly different rivers - on the one hand is the river most often associated with the colour brown - the powerful Olifants River - behind which runs the Drakensberg escarpment, creating a striking backdrop, whilst on the other is the clear, sparkling Blyde River, a tributary of the Olifants River.

Veld
Veld (/vɛlt/ or /fɛlt/, Afrikaans and Dutch: veld, field), also spelled veldt, is a type of wide-open, rural landscape in Southern Africa. Particularly, it is a flat area covered in grass or low scrub, especially in the countries of South Africa, Namibia, Lesotho, Eswatini, Zimbabwe, and Botswana. A certain subtropical woodland ecoregion of Southern Africa has been officially defined as the Bushveld by the World Wide Fund for Nature. Trees are not abundant; frost, fire, and grazing animals allow grass to grow, but prevent the build-up of dense foliage.
Fiona Choi
Fiona Choi is an Australian actress, singer and stage performer, best known for her lead role as Jenny Law in Benjamin Law's award-winning SBS Comedy The Family Law for which she received an AACTA Award nomination for Best Performance in a Television Comedy and 3 consecutive Equity Ensemble Awards for Outstanding Performance in a Comedy Series. Fiona is also known for her work on stage in Melbourne Theatre Company's Golden Shield and Torch The Place as well as her one-woman show Dragon Lady: The Many Lives & Deaths of Anna May Wong which premiered to much acclaim at the 2019 Adelaide Cabaret Festival

Equity Ensemble Awards
The Equity Ensemble Awards (or Equity Awards) are an Australian awards system, that is an accolade presented by The Equity Foundation, the performers branch of the Media, Entertainment and Arts Alliance (MEAA). The awards have been presented annually since 2011, and are awarded to a cast in a television drama series, comedy series and television movie or miniseries. The awards are peer voted, via a secret ballot, by members of the Equity Foundation. In addition to these categories, the foundation also presents a lifetime achievement award, which has been presented since 2009.