hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Crofton, Cumbria
Crofton is an area of Thursby, Cumberland district of Cumbria, England. It is 6.4 miles (10.3 km) west-southwest of Carlisle. In 1870-72 the township had a population of 105.

Historically a part of Cumberland, Crofton was one of three small townships in the centre of the former Parish of Thursby. It was originally called Croft-town, derived from the word Croft, as the town standing upon the Crofts.

Notable landmarks were Crofton Place, the seat of Sir Wastel Brisco, Bart. It also became a surname to John Crofton. Although Crofton Hall was demolished in about 1955–1956, some of the estate buildings remain, and the gateway and pond are notable remnants.

Cumberland
Cumberland (/ˈkʌmbərlənd/ KUM-bər-lənd) is an area of North West England which was historically a county. The county was bordered by Northumberland to the north-east, County Durham to the east, Westmorland to the south-east, Lancashire to the south, and the Scottish counties of Dumfriesshire and Roxburghshire to the north. The county included the city of Carlisle, part of the Lake District and North Pennines, and the Solway Firth coastline.

Cumberland had an administrative function from the 12th century until 1974, when it was subsumed into Cumbria with Westmorland as well as parts of Yorkshire and Lancashire. It gives its name to the unitary authority area of Cumberland, which has similar boundaries but excludes Penrith.
Quercus infectoria
Quercus infectoria or the Aleppo oak is a species of oak well known for producing galls (called manjakani in Malaysia, majuphal in India) that have been traditionally used for centuries in Asia medicinally while also used in softening leather and in making black dye and ink.

Immunocytochemistry
Immunocytochemistry (ICC) is a common laboratory technique that is used to anatomically visualize the localization of a specific protein or antigen in cells by use of a specific primary antibody that binds to it. The primary antibody allows visualization of the protein under a fluorescence microscope when it is bound by a secondary antibody that has a conjugated fluorophore. ICC allows researchers to evaluate whether or not cells in a particular sample express the antigen in question. In cases where an immunopositive signal is found, ICC also allows researchers to determine which sub-cellular compartments are expressing the antigen.
Gerry Barney
Gerald Lawrence Barney (born (1939-09-18)18 September 1939) is a British designer, best known for his 1965 British Rail Double Arrow, which is still in use in the UK.

In 1960, aged 21, Barney started his career at the Design Research Unit (DRU) as a lettering artist, and soon became close to the studio’s co-founder, Milner Gray. At the DRU, Barney designed logos including the British Rail Double Arrow.

He later worked for Wolff Olins, and in 1978, together with his colleagues David Bristow, Kit Cooper and Terence Griffin, set up British design agency Sedley Place.

In 2021, the Rail Delivery Group (RDG) hoped that Barney would endorse a new version of the logo in different shades of green, to highlight the environmental benefits of train travel. However, he said: "I could understand it if they had just swapped red for green. But why on earth have they got that many colours? It's a load of old bollocks. It's just a mess."

Milner Gray (designer)
Milner Connorton Gray CBE (1899–1997) was one of the key figures of British industrial design in the 20th century, having played an important role in establishing design as a recognized profession, the emergence of British design consultancies, and the development of Design Management.
St. Mary Square, Timișoara
St. Mary Square (Romanian: Piața Sfânta Maria) is a small square in Timișoara, located in the Iosefin district, at the intersection of 16 December 1989 Boulevard (former Carol I Boulevard) and Gheorghe Doja Street (former General Gheorghe Domășnean Street). It is part of the urban site Old Iosefin, classified as a historic monument. According to local tradition, Gheorghe Doja, the leader of the peasant uprising of 1514, was martyred here. Also here took place the first anti-communist demonstrations in Timișoara in 1989, demonstrations that would ignite the Romanian Revolution.

György Dózsa
György Dózsa (or György Székely, Romanian: Gheorghe Doja; c. 1470 – 20 July 1514) was a Székely man-at-arms from Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary, who led a peasants' revolt against the kingdom's landed nobility during the reign of King Vladislaus II of Hungary. The rebellion was suppressed, and Dózsa captured, tortured, and executed by being seated on a throne (itself smouldering according to legend), crowned with red-hot iron, devoured alive by his followers under duress, and then quartered.
1842 Liverpool Town Council election
Elections to Liverpool Town Council were held on Tuesday 1 November 1842. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.

Three of the sixteen wards were uncontested.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

Liverpool City Council
Liverpool City Council, formerly the Liverpool Corporation is the local authority for the city of Liverpool in Merseyside, England. Liverpool has had a local authority since 1207, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. The council has been a member of the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority since 2014.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2010. It meets at Liverpool Town Hall and has its main offices at the Cunard Building.
Le chalet
Le chalet (French pronunciation: [lə ʃalɛ]) is an opéra comique in one act by Adolphe Adam to a French libretto by Eugène Scribe and Mélesville after the singspiel Jery und Bätely by Goethe. The score re-uses material from Adam's Prix de Rome cantata Ariane a Naxos (1825). The text for the singspiel had previously been set to music by Peter Winter, 1790, Johann Friedrich Reichardt, 1801, and Conradin Kreutzer, 1810, and was done later by Donizetti, 1836, Julius Rietz, 1841, Heinrich Stihl, 1867, and Ingeborg Bronsart, 1873.

Conradin Kreutzer
Conradin Kreutzer or Kreuzer (22 November 1780 – 14 December 1849) was a German composer and conductor. His works include the operas Das Nachtlager in Granada and incidental music to Der Verschwender , both produced in 1834 in Vienna.
Face time
Face time is an English idiom for direct personal interaction or contact between two or more people at the same time and physical location. Face time therefore occurs in "real life" and contrasts primarily with interaction or contact which occurs over distance (e.g., via telephone) and/or electronically (e.g., via email, instant messaging, e-commerce, social media, or computer simulations).

The term was originally a colloquialism. However, it has entered the vernacular with the increasing number of people throughout the world who commonly and extensively rely on telecommunications and the Internet for personal and business communication.

Colloquialism
Colloquialism (also called colloquial language, everyday language, or general parlance) is the linguistic style used for casual (informal) communication. It is the most common functional style of speech, the language normally employed in casual conversation and other informal contexts. Colloquialism is characterized by the frequent use of expressive phrases, idioms, anthropocentrism, and a lack of specialized focus, and has a rapidly changing lexicon. It can also be distinguished by its usage of formulations with incomplete logical and syntactic ordering.

A specific instance of such language is termed a colloquialism. The most common term used in dictionaries to label such an expression is colloquial.
Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model
The Atkinson–Shiffrin model (also known as the multi-store model or modal model) is a model of memory proposed in 1968 by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin. The model asserts that human memory has three separate components:

a sensory register, where sensory information enters memory,

a short-term store, also called working memory or short-term memory, which receives and holds input from both the sensory register and the long-term store, and

a long-term store, where information which has been rehearsed (explained below) in the short-term store is held indefinitely.

Since its first publication this model has come under much scrutiny and has been criticized for various reasons (described below).  But it is notable for the significant influence it had in stimulating memory research.

Richard C. Atkinson
Richard Chatham Atkinson (born March 19, 1929) is an American professor of cognitive science and psychology. He served as the 17th president of the University of California, as the 5th chancellor of the University of California, San Diego, and as the 5th director of the National Science Foundation.
Six String Nation
Six String Nation is a public art and history project conceived by Jowi Taylor and centred around a steel-string acoustic guitar built from a variety of artifacts collected by Taylor representing diverse cultures, communities, characters and events from every province and territory of Canada. The building of the guitar was commissioned from Nova Scotia luthier George Rizsanyi.

Steel-string acoustic guitar
The steel-string acoustic guitar is a modern form of guitar that descends from the gut-strung Romantic guitar, but is strung with steel strings for a brighter, louder sound. Like the modern classical guitar, it is often referred to simply as an acoustic guitar, or sometimes as a folk guitar.

The most common type is often called a flat top guitar, to distinguish it from the more specialized archtop guitar and other variations.

The standard tuning for an acoustic guitar is E-A-D-G-B-E (low to high), although many players, particularly fingerpickers, use alternate tunings (scordatura), such as open G (D-G-D-G-B-D), open D (D-A-D-F♯-A-D), drop D (D-A-D-G-B-E), or D-A-D-G-A-D (particularly in Irish traditional music).
Winter in America (song)
"Winter in America" or "Leave Love Enough Alone" is a 1974 song by Australian singer-songwriter Doug Ashdown, co-written with Jimmy Stewart. It was issued in that year but did not chart. When it was re-released as a single in 1976 and on his album Winter in America (Festival Records / Infinity 1976). The song was a Top 40 hit in Australia and The Netherlands.

Festival Records
Festival Records, later known as Festival Mushroom Records, was an Australian recording and publishing company founded in Sydney, Australia, in 1952 and operated until 2005.

Festival was a subsidiary of News Limited from 1961 to 2005. The company was successful for most of its 50-year life, despite the fact that as much as 90% of its annual profit was regularly siphoned off by Rupert Murdoch to subsidise his other media ventures.
IPC Shopping Centre
IPC Shopping Centre (formerly Ikano Power Centre) is a shopping centre anchored by IKEA near The Curve in Mutiara Damansara, Selangor, Malaysia. It opened on 18 December 2003 and has 5 floors. It was formerly known as the Ikano Power Centre. After extensive renovations done, it opened in November 2017 as IPC Shopping Centre.

Damansara–Puchong Expressway
The E11 Damansara–Puchong Expressway (Malay: Lebuhraya Damansara–Puchong), abbreviated as LDP, is a 40.0-kilometre (24.9-mile) major controlled-access highway in the Petaling District of Selangor, Malaysia. The expressway runs in a north–south direction between Bandar Sri Damansara and Putra Permai, near Putrajaya, forming a major thoroughfare in the cities of Petaling Jaya and Puchong. A short east–west spur of the expressway connects Pusat Bandar Puchong to the suburb of UEP Subang Jaya.
Gustavus Sidenberg
Gustavus Sidenberg (22 May 1843 – 22 January 1915) was a Jewish-American manufacturer and financier best known for building New York City's Hotel Theresa, which has become a New York City landmark on the National Register of Historic Places.

Investor
An investor is a person or entity that allocates financial capital with the expectation of a future return (profit) or to gain an advantage (interest). Through this allocated capital the investor usually purchases some species of property. Types of investments include equity, debt, securities, real estate, infrastructure, currency, commodity, token, derivatives such as put and call options, futures, forwards, etc. This definition makes no distinction between the investors in the primary and secondary markets.  That is, someone who provides a business with capital and someone who buys a stock are both investors.  An investor who owns stock is a shareholder.
Sunnybank F.C.
Sunnybank Football Club are a Scottish football club, based in the city of Aberdeen. Members of the Scottish Junior Football Association, they currently play in the North of Scotland Football League.

In respect of honours won, the club are historically regarded as one of the "big two" of North Region Junior football along with city rivals Banks O' Dee, sharing the distinction of being the only North clubs to lift Junior football's national prize, the Scottish Junior Cup. The club are based at Heathryfold Park in the North-West suburbs of Aberdeen and their colours are black and white.

North of Scotland Football League
The North of Scotland Football League (NoSFL) is a football league based in the north east of Scotland. The league sits at levels 6–7 on the Scottish football league system, acting as a feeder to the Highland Football League. It is split into two separate leagues, the Premier League and the Championship which contain 16 teams and 15 teams respectively. Geographically, the league covers Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire, Highland and Moray. The league is the direct successor to the North Region Junior Football League which had been run by the North Region of the Scottish Junior Football Association from 2001 until 2025.

Subject to clubs meeting the required licensing criteria for the Highland League, the winners of the NoSFL take part in an end of season promotion play-off with the North Caledonian Football League champions, with the winner being promoted to the Highland League. As of the 2025–26 season, no team in the NoSFL meets the required licensing criteria.
Shut-in Creek
Shut-in Creek is a stream in Iron and Reynolds Counties in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of Imboden Fork.

The stream headwaters arise in Iron County within the Bell Mountain Wilderness at 37°40′03″N 90°50′15″W﻿ / ﻿37.66750°N 90.83750°W﻿ / 37.66750; -90.83750 at an elevation of about 1,420 feet (430 m). The stream flows south-southwest passing between Bell and Lindsey mountains and enters Reynolds County. The stream turns south and southeast as it continues to its confluence with the Imboden Fork about one mile north of the community of Monterey. The confluence is at 37°34′55″N 90°51′03″W﻿ / ﻿37.58194°N 90.85083°W﻿ / 37.58194; -90.85083 at an elevation of 892 ft (272 m). The confluence is just east of the northwest section of Johnson's Shut-Ins State Park.

Shut-in Creek was named for the fact its course runs through a valley between high peaks.

Reynolds County, Missouri
Reynolds County is a county located in the Ozark Foothills Region in the Lead Belt of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,096. Its county seat is Centerville. The county was officially organized on February 25, 1845, and was named in honor of former Governor of Missouri Thomas Reynolds.

The county is home to Johnson's Shut-Ins State Park, a popular tourist attraction in the state of Missouri.
Erds coal mine
The Erds Coal Mine is a coal mine located in eastern Mongolia. The mine has coal reserves amounting to 807 million tonnes of coking coal, one of the largest coal reserves in Asia and the world. The mine has an annual production capacity of 0.1 million tonnes of coal.

Coke (fuel)
Coke is a grey, hard, and porous coal-based fuel with a high carbon content. It is made by heating coal or petroleum in the absence of air. Coke is an important industrial product, used mainly in the smelting of iron ore, but also as a fuel in stoves and forges.

The unqualified term "coke" usually refers to the product derived from low-ash and low-sulphur bituminous coal by a process called coking. A similar product called petroleum coke, or pet coke, is obtained from crude petroleum in petroleum refineries. Coke may also be formed naturally by geologic processes. It is the residue of a destructive distillation process.
Alexander C. Monteith
Alexander Crawford Monteith (April 10, 1902 – September 17, 1979) was a Senior Vice-President of the Westinghouse Electric Corporation, 
and for more than forty years a leader in the development of electric power systems.

Monteith received his education in electrical engineering at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario.

He started as a Central Station Engineer and became Senior Vice-President of Westinghouse, 
and President the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE), 
and President of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. He was an Honorary Member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and a Fellow of the IEEE. He received the IEEE Edison Medal in 1962. He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1965.

National Electrical Manufacturers Association
The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) is the largest trade association of electrical equipment manufacturers in the United States. Founded in 1926, it advocates for the industry and publishes standards for electrical products.  Notably, the form of US household electrical outlets and plugs is specified by NEMA.
The English Patient (soundtrack)
The English Patient is the original soundtrack, on the Fantasy Records label, of the 1996 Academy Award- and Golden Globe-winning film The English Patient starring Ralph Fiennes, Kristin Scott Thomas, Willem Dafoe, Juliette Binoche and Colin Firth. The original score and songs were composed by Gabriel Yared.

The Academy of St Martin in the Fields is conducted by Harry Rabinowitz, with piano solos by John Constable, recorded at Air Studios, London, and at YAD Music, Paris. The Shepheard's Hotel Jazz Orchestra, conducted by Ronnie Hazelhurst, was recorded at Angel Recording Studios, London.

The album won the four major soundtrack awards: the Academy Award (Best Dramatic Score), the Golden Globe (Best Original Score), the BAFTA Award (Best Film Music) and the Grammy Award (Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television).

1996 in film
The year 1996 involved many significant films. The major releases this year included Scream, Independence Day, Fargo, Trainspotting, The Rock, The English Patient, Twister, Space Jam, Mission: Impossible, Mars Attacks!, Jerry Maguire and a film version of the musical Evita.
Ian Jenkins (curator)
Ian Dennis Jenkins OBE FSA (18 February 1953 – 28 November 2020) was a Senior Curator at the British Museum who was an expert on ancient Greece and specialised in ancient Greek sculpture. Jenkins published a number of books and more than a hundred articles. He led the British Museum's excavations at Cnidus and was involved in the debate over the ownership of the Elgin Marbles.

Archaeological Institute of America
The Archaeological Institute of America (AIA) is North America's oldest learned society and largest organization devoted to the world of archaeology. AIA professionals have carried out archaeological fieldwork around the world and AIA has established research centers and schools in seven countries. As of 2019, the society had more than 6,100 members and more than 100 affiliated local societies in the United States and overseas. AIA members include professional archaeologists and members of the public.

The AIA has established many archaeological organizations and protected many historical sites in the world. The AIA has hosted an annual meeting every year for over 120 years, where archaeologists present their latest work. The institute also has established scholarships for students and awarded archaeologists for their contributions to archaeology.

The institute publishes a scholarly journal, the American Journal of Archaeology (AJA) and the magazine Archaeology.
Jorge Carrión
Jorge Carrión (Tarragona, Spain – 1976) is a Spanish writer, cultural critic, and director of the Master in Literary Creation at the Pompeu Fabra University.  His published books include the non-fiction works Bookshops (2013) and Barcelona: Book of Passageways (2017), and the novels The Dead (2010), The Orphans (2014), and The Tourists (2015). He writes in the Spanish edition of The New York Times, and he's also a collaborator in international media as the National Geographic magazine, El País, and La Vanguardia.

La Vanguardia
La Vanguardia (Catalan: [lə βəŋˈɡwaɾðiə]; Spanish: [la βaŋˈɡwaɾðja], lit. 'The Vanguard') is a Spanish daily newspaper founded in 1881. It is printed in Spanish and, since 3 May 2011, also in Catalan. It has its headquarters in Barcelona and is Catalonia's leading newspaper.

Despite being mostly distributed in Catalonia, La Vanguardia is Spain's fourth-highest circulation among general-interest newspapers, trailing only the three main Madrid-based ones – El País, El Mundo and ABC – all of which are national newspapers with offices and local editions throughout the country.

The newspaper's editorial line leans to the centre of politics and is moderate in its opinions, but during Francoist Spain, it followed the Francoist ideology. It retains Catholic sensibilities and strong ties to the Spanish nobility through the Godó family.
Gran Premio Ciudad de Eibar
The Gran Premio Ciudad de Eibar is an elite women's professional one-day road bicycle race held annually in Eibar, Spain. The event was initially planned to take place in 2020, but was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, it first held in 2021 as a category 1.1 race, before upgrading to the UCI Women's ProSeries in 2024.

Eibar
Eibar (Basque: Eibar, Spanish: Éibar) is a city and municipality in north Spain, within the province of Gipuzkoa, in the Autonomous Community of Euskadi. It is the capital of the eskualde / comarca of Debabarrena.

Eibar has 27,138 inhabitants (Eustat, 2018). Its chief industry is metal manufacturing, and the city has been known since the 16th century for the manufacture of armaments, particularly finely engraved small arms. It was also the home of Serveta scooters.

It is home to the SD Eibar football team.