hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fall of Berlin (1806)
The fall of Berlin took place on 24 October 1806 when the Prussian capital of Berlin was captured by French forces in the aftermath of the Battle of Jena–Auerstedt. Berlin fell 15 days after the beginning of the war. The French Emperor Napoleon entered the city after three days, from which he issued his Berlin Decree implementing his Continental System. Large-scale plundering of Berlin took place.

Emperor of the French
Emperor of the French (French: Empereur des Français) was the title of the monarch of the First French Empire and the Second French Empire. The title emphasized sovereignty vested in the French people rather than in the territory of France. The powers of the emperor differed between the two empires and changed over time, ranging from extensive personal authority to a constitutional, executive role.
Artemidorus (physician)
Artemidorus (Ancient Greek: Ἀρτεμίδωρος) was a physician of ancient Greece, who was quoted by Caelius Aurelianus in his work De morbis acutis et chronicis. From this reference we know he was a native of Side in Pamphylia, and a follower of the anatomist and physician Erasistratus.

His exact century is uncertain, but he must have lived some time between the third century BCE and the second century CE. He may perhaps be the same person as the "Artemidorus" (without any distinguishing epithet) who is quoted by the medical chronicler Galen in his work "On the composition of local remedies", but he is probably not the same person as the "Artemidorus Oionistes" (Ancient Greek: οἰωνιστής, referencing a diviner who predicts the future by reading signs given in the flight and cries of birds) who is mentioned by the same author in his commentaries on the Epidemics of Hippocrates.

Side, Turkey
Side (formerly Selimiye) is a city on the southern Mediterranean coast of Turkey. It includes the modern resort town and the ruins of the ancient city of Side, one of the best-known classical sites in the country. Modern Side is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Manavgat, Antalya Province, Turkey. Its population is 14,527 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). It lies near Manavgat, 78 km from Antalya.

It is located on the eastern part of the Pamphylian coast, which lies about 20 km east of the mouth of the Eurymedon River. Today, as in antiquity, the ancient city is situated on a small north-south peninsula about 1 km long and 400 m across.
Iron Man in other media
The Marvel Comics character Iron Man has appeared in various other media since his debut in Tales of Suspense #39 (March 1963). Iron Man has been the focus of three animated series, two Japanese animated projects, and a direct-to-DVD animated feature. An Iron Man live-action feature film starring Robert Downey Jr. as the character and directed by Jon Favreau was released in 2008, with Downey also appearing as the character in the two sequels Iron Man 2 and 3, in a cameo in The Incredible Hulk, and as a main character in several other films in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) including The Avengers, Avengers: Age of Ultron, Captain America: Civil War, Spider-Man: Homecoming, Avengers: Infinity War, and Avengers: Endgame.

Heroes United
Heroes United is a series of American direct-to-video animated superhero films from Marvel Animation. They are the first full-length direct-to-video CG animated features created by the animation studio. Both films are available to stream on Disney+.
Örn Árnason
Örn Árnason (born 19 June 1959) is an Icelandic actor, comedian and screenwriter, best known as a member of the comedy group Spaugstofan.  He has starred in a number of films and television series since the 1980s, as well as acting in the National Theatre of Iceland. He is noted for his satirical portrayals of public figures, including former Icelandic Prime Minister Davíð Oddsson. Örn hosted the children's morning program Með Afa on Stöð 2. He is the son of actor Árni Tryggvason.

Örn has dubbed many characters into Icelandic, in films and TV shows such as Homer Simpsons in The Simpsons, Iago in the Aladdin films and tv-series, the Owl in the Winnie the Pooh franchise and Bromley in The Swan Princess movies.

Stöð 2
Stöð 2 (literally Channel 2) was a pay television channel in Iceland. It was launched in 1986 as Iceland's first independent television broadcaster. It was later part of the 365 corporation, which was eventually acquired by Sýn.

In 2025, the Stöð 2 brand was retired and replaced by Sýn, including all sub-channels.
Can Lộc district
Can Lộc is a rural district of Hà Tĩnh province in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 180,931. The district covers an area of 378 km2 (146 sq mi). The district capital lies at Nghèn.

North Central Coast
Bắc Trung Bộ (literally North Central Region, and often translated as North Central Coast) is one of the geographic regions of Vietnam. It consists of six provinces in northern part of Central Vietnam: Thanh Hóa, Nghệ An, Hà Tĩnh, Quảng Bình, Quảng Trị, Huế. The last two provinces were the northernmost provinces of State of Vietnam and South Vietnam until Reunification of Vietnam in 1976. In the Nguyễn dynasty, this area (except Thừa Thiên) was known as Hữu Trực Kỳ (the area located in the left of Thừa Thiên).
Railway stations in the Netherlands
There are currently 401 railway stations in the Netherlands including three next to football stadiums (Amsterdam Arena  railway station, Eindhoven Stadion railway station, Rotterdam Stadion railway station), which are used only during special events and one, Utrecht Maliebaan railway station which provides a service into the exhibition area of the National Railway Museum during its opening hours. Before being discontinued Heerenveen IJsstadion railway station serviced the ice arena Thialf in case of events. NS Stations is the body which manages and owns all railway stations in the Netherlands.

Heerenveen IJsstadion railway station
Heerenveen IJsstadion (English: Heerenveen Ice Stadium) was a small railway station located in Heerenveen, Netherlands. The station, located about 3.5 kilometer from Heerenveen railway station, was operated by Nederlandse Spoorwegen and was only serviced in the event of sporting events at Thialf, the ice arena in Heerenveen. Since 2015 there are no more trains serviced to this station due to the high costs.

The station, which has two platforms, was first opened on 1 June 1975 and provided regular service until 22 May 1977.
Art Brooks
James Arthur Brooks (February 4, 1889 – January 1, 1962) was a Canadian ice hockey goaltender who played in both the National Hockey Association (NHA) and the early years of the National Hockey League (NHL). Between 1916 and 1919, he appeared in two games each for the Toronto Blueshirts, the Montreal Canadiens, and the Toronto Arenas. Although the Arenas captured the Stanley Cup in 1918, Brooks had been released before the championship and was not part of the final roster.

Toronto Arenas
The Toronto Arenas or Torontos were a professional men's ice hockey team that played in the first two seasons of the National Hockey League (NHL). It was operated by the owner of the Arena Gardens, the Toronto Arena Company. As the ownership of the National Hockey Association (NHA) Toronto Blueshirts franchise was in dispute, the new NHL league was started, and a temporary Toronto franchise was operated. The NHL itself was intended to only be a one-year entity until the NHA could be reactivated, although it never was.

For the first season, 1917–18, the team operated without a formal organization separate from the Arena Company and without an official club nickname.  However, the press would dub the team the "Blue Shirts" or "Torontos" as they had done with the NHA franchise.  After the 1918–19 season, the Arena Company was granted a permanent franchise in the NHL, which evolved into today's Toronto Maple Leafs.
2010 Black-Eyed Susan Stakes
The 2010 Black-Eyed Susan Stakes was the 86th running of the Black-Eyed Susan Stakes. The race took place in Baltimore, Maryland on May 14, 2010, and was televised in the United States on the Bravo TV network owned by NBC. Ridden by jockey Jose Lezcano, Acting Happy, won the race by one and a half lengths over runner-up No Such Word. Approximate post time on the evening before the Preakness Stakes was 5:50 p.m. Eastern Time and the race was run for a purse of $200,000. The race was run over a fast track in a final time of 1:50.00. The Maryland Jockey Club reported total attendance of 27,609. The attendance at Pimlico Race Course that day was a record crowd for Black-Eyed Susan Stakes Day.

Pimlico Race Course
Pimlico Race Course is a thoroughbred horse racetrack in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is most famous for hosting the Preakness Stakes, the second leg of the Triple Crown. Its name is derived from the 1660s when English settlers named the area where the facility currently stands in honor of Olde Ben Pimlico's Tavern in London. The racetrack is nicknamed "Old Hilltop" after a small rise in the infield that became a favorite gathering place for thoroughbred trainers and race enthusiasts.

Pimlico was owned by the Stronach Group from 2011 until 2024, when ownership transferred to the state-run Maryland Thoroughbred Racetrack Operating Authority (MTROA). Pimlico closed for renovations in September 2024, with all of Pimlico's racing dates except for the 2025 Preakness Stakes transferred to Laurel Park until the project is completed.
Hepburn Act
The Hepburn Act is a 1906 United States federal law that expanded the jurisdiction of the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) and gave it the power to set maximum railroad rates. This led to the discontinuation of free passes to loyal shippers. In addition, the ICC could view the railroads' financial records, a task simplified by standardized bookkeeping systems. For any railroad that resisted, the ICC's conditions would remain in effect until the outcome of legislation said otherwise. By the Hepburn Act, the ICC's authority was extended to cover bridges, terminals, ferries, railroad sleeping cars, express companies and oil pipelines.

Sleeping car
The sleeping car or sleeper (often wagon-lit) is a railway passenger car that can accommodate all passengers in beds of one kind or another, for the purpose of sleeping. George Pullman was the main American innovator and owner of sleeper cars in the late 19th and early 20th centuries when railroads dominated intercity passenger travel.

The first such cars saw sporadic use on American and English railways in the 1830s; they could be configured for coach seating during the day.
Gliese 682
Gliese 682, also known as GJ 682, is a nearby star. It is listed as the 53rd-nearest known star system to the Sun, being 16.3 light years distant. Even though it is close by, as a red dwarf, it is dim with a magnitude of 10.95 and thus requires a telescope to be seen. It is located in the constellation of Scorpius, near the bright star Theta Scorpii.
The star is in a crowded region of sky near the Galactic Center, and so appears to be near a number of deep-sky objects from the Solar System's perspective. The star is only 0.5 degrees from the much more distant globular cluster NGC 6388.

Telescope
A telescope is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. Originally, it was an optical instrument using lenses, curved mirrors, or a combination of both to observe distant objects – an optical telescope. Nowadays, the word "telescope" is defined as a wide range of instruments capable of detecting different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and in some cases other types of detectors.

The first known practical telescopes were refracting telescopes with glass lenses and were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century. They were used for both terrestrial applications and astronomy.

The reflecting telescope, which uses mirrors to collect and focus light, was invented within a few decades of the first refracting telescope.

In the 20th century, many new types of telescopes were invented, including radio telescopes in the 1930s and infrared telescopes in the 1960s.
Grigor Artsruni
Grigor Artsruni (also spelled as Krikor Ardzruni, Armenian: Գրիգոր Արծրունի; 27 February 1845 – 19 December 1892) was an Armenian journalist, critic, writer and public activist. In 1872, he began publishing the newspaper Mshak and remained its editor and manager until his death.

He studied at the universities of Moscow and Saint Petersburg, then studied Armenian at the Mekhitarists' centers in Europe (Vienna and San Lazzaro, Venice). He graduated from Heidelberg University in 1869, receiving the degree of Doctor of Political Economy and Philosophy. In 1872, he established and edited Mshak ('Cultivator' or 'Toiler'), the basis of Armenian liberalism. Artsruni believed in the necessity of development of capitalism in Armenia and supported the idea of armed resistance as a solution for the Armenian question. Artsruni was a mentor to the Armenian writer Raffi (1835–1888).

Armenian question
The Armenian question was the debate following the Congress of Berlin in 1878 as to how the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire should be treated. The term became commonplace among diplomatic circles and in the popular press. In specific terms, the Armenian question refers to the protection and the freedoms of Armenians from their neighboring communities. The Armenian question explains the 40 years of Armenian–Ottoman history in the context of English, German, and Russian politics between 1877 and 1914. In 1915, the leadership of the Committee of Union and Progress, which controlled the Ottoman government, decided to end the Armenian question permanently by killing and expelling most Armenians from the empire, in the Armenian genocide.
Kramatorsk Airport
Kramatorsk Airport, also known as Kramatorsk military airfield, is a military airfield in Donetsk Oblast of Ukraine. The airbase is 3.4 km SSE from the centre of Kramatorsk and at about 20 km south of Slovyansk.

Points of the compass
The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions (or azimuths) used in navigation and cartography. A compass rose is primarily composed of four cardinal directions—north, east, south, and west—each separated by 90 degrees, and secondarily divided by four ordinal (intercardinal) directions—northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest—each located halfway between two cardinal directions. Some disciplines such as meteorology and navigation further divide the compass with additional azimuths. Within European tradition, a fully defined compass has 32 "points" (and any finer subdivisions are described in fractions of points).

Compass points or compass directions are valuable in that they allow a user to refer to a specific azimuth in a colloquial fashion, without having to compute or remember degrees.
2011 West Oxfordshire District Council election
The 2011 West Oxfordshire District Council election took place on 5 May 2011 to elect members of West Oxfordshire District Council in Oxfordshire, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Conservative Party stayed in overall control of the council.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

Conservative 44

Liberal Democrats 4

Labour 1

West Oxfordshire
West Oxfordshire is a local government district in northwest Oxfordshire, England, including towns such as Woodstock, Burford, Chipping Norton, Charlbury, Carterton and Witney, where the council is based.
Phlegmacium triumphans
Phlegmacium triumphans, also known as the birch webcap, or yellow girdled webcap is a basidiomycete mushroom in the family Cortinariaceae. It is found in Europe and regarded as edible by some authorities. However, others call it suspect and it resembles deadly species.

Cortinariaceae
The Cortinariaceae are a large family of gilled mushrooms found worldwide, containing over 3200 species. The family takes its name from its largest genus, the varied species of the genus Cortinarius. Many genera formerly in the Cortinariaceae have been placed in various other families, including Hymenogastraceae, Inocybaceae and Bolbitiaceae.

The deadly toxin orellanine has been found in at least 34 Cortinariaceae.
Arthurite
Arthurite is a mineral composed of divalent copper and iron ions in combination with trivalent arsenate, phosphate and sulfate ions with hydrogen and oxygen. Initially discovered by Sir Arthur Russell in 1954 at Hingston Down Consols mine in Calstock, Cornwall, England, arthurite is formed as a resultant mineral in the oxidation region of some copper deposits by the variation of enargite or arsenopyrite. The chemical formula of Arthurite is CuFe23+(AsO4,PO4,SO4)2(O,OH)2·4H2O.

Arthurite is named after Arthur W. G. Kingsbury (1906–1968), a British mineralogist, and Sir Arthur Russell (1878–1964), a collector of minerals.

Arsenate
The arsenate is an ion with the chemical formula AsO3−4. Bonding in arsenate consists of a central arsenic atom, with oxidation state +5, double bonded to one oxygen atom and single bonded to a further three oxygen atoms. The four oxygen atoms orient around the arsenic atom in a tetrahedral geometry. Resonance disperses the ion's −3 charge across all four oxygen atoms.

Arsenate readily reacts with metals to form arsenate metal compounds. Arsenate is a moderate oxidizer and an electron acceptor, with an electrode potential of +0.56 V for its reduction to arsenite. Due to arsenic having the same valency and similar atomic radius to phosphorus, arsenate shares similar geometry and reactivity with phosphate. Arsenate can replace phosphate in biochemical reactions and is toxic to most organisms.
Javier Suárez (cyclist)
Javier Amado Suárez Cueva (born 3 November 1943) is a retired Colombia road racing cyclist. He won the Vuelta a Colombia in 1965 and the Clásico RCN in 1965 and 1966. His nickname was El ñato.

He also competed in the team time trial at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo as part of the Colombian team.

Clásico RCN
The Clásico RCN (Spanish for RCN Classic) is an annual cycling road race that takes place over many stages through different regions of Colombia during October. It is organized by the Colombian Cycling Federation.

The event is sponsored by Radio Cadena Nacional, which is one of the oldest and largest radio networks in Colombia, and by a network of Colombian business in Medellín "Empresas Públicas de Medellín". The Clásico RCN and the Vuelta a Colombia are the most important stage races in Colombia.
Angélique Lalonde
Angélique Lalonde is a Canadian short story writer from British Columbia, whose debut collection Glorious Frazzled Beings was shortlisted for the 2021 Giller Prize.

She previously won the Journey Prize in 2019 for the short story "Pooka".

Lalonde, who is of Québécois descent, received a Ph.D. in anthropology from the University of Victoria in 2013.

Québécois people
Québécois (French pronunciation: [kebekwa] ⓘ; also known as Quebecers or Quebeckers in English) are people associated with Quebec. The term is most often used in reference to either descendants of the French settlers in Quebec or people of any ethnicity who live and trace their origins to the province of Quebec.

Self-identification as Québécois became dominant starting in the 1960s; prior to this, the francophone people of Quebec mostly identified themselves as French Canadians and as Canadiens before anglophones started identifying as Canadians as well. A majority in the House of Commons of Canada in 2006 approved a motion by Prime Minister Stephen Harper, which stated that the Québécois are a nation within a united Canada. Harper later elaborated that the motion's definition of Québécois relies on personal decisions to self-identify as Québécois, and therefore is a personal choice.
William Handcock (1676–1723)
William Handcock (1676 – August 1723) was an Irish politician.

He was the eldest son of Thomas Handcock and his wife Dorothy Green. Handcock entered the Irish House of Commons in 1703, representing the constituency of  Athlone until 1714. He sat for Dublin City from 1721 until his death two years later.

He married Sarah Warburton, daughter of Richard Warburton and had by her six sons and four daughters. His oldest son William and his sixth son John Gustavus Handcock both were also members of the Parliament of Ireland.

Athlone (Parliament of Ireland constituency)
Athlone was a constituency represented in the Irish House of Commons until 1800. Between 1725 and 1793 Catholics and those married to Catholics could not vote. Following the Acts of Union 1800 the borough became the Westminster constituency of Athlone.
Loren Roberta Barton
Loren Roberta Barton (1893 – 1975) was an American painter, illustrator, and printmaker known for her works in watercolor. She was the grand niece of Clara Barton, the founder of the Red Cross. She studied at the University of Southern California and the Art Students League of Los Angeles.

From 1929 though 1937, she lived in Rome with her husband Perez Babcock before returning to Los Angeles where she taught art at Chouinard School of Art in Los Angeles.  She later married Russell Miller and lived at Pomona, California.

Barton was a member of The National Association of Women Painters and Sculptors.

Her work is included in the collections of the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the Art Institute of Chicago, the Brooklyn Museum and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.

Clara Barton
Clarissa Harlowe "Clara" Barton (December 25, 1821 – April 12, 1912) was an American nurse who founded the American Red Cross. She was a hospital nurse in the American Civil War, a teacher, and a patent clerk. Since nursing education was not then very formalized and she did not attend nursing school, she provided self-taught nursing care. Barton is noteworthy for doing humanitarian work and civil rights advocacy at a time before women had the right to vote. She was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in 1973.
Eastbourne Buses
Eastbourne Buses was a bus operator running within the Borough of Eastbourne and into the surrounding area, including Pevensey, Hailsham, Tunbridge Wells, Uckfield, and East Grinstead, with a fleet of around 50 vehicles. Eastbourne Buses was sold to the Stagecoach Group on 18 December 2008 for £3.7 million, beating Go-Ahead to the ownership.

Royal Tunbridge Wells
Royal Tunbridge Wells (formerly, until 1909, and still commonly Tunbridge Wells) is a town in Kent, England, 30 miles (50 kilometres) southeast of Central London. It lies close to the border with East Sussex on the northern edge of the High Weald, whose sandstone geology is exemplified by the rock formation High Rocks. The town was a spa in the Restoration and a fashionable resort in the mid-1700s under Beau Nash when the Pantiles, and its chalybeate spring, attracted visitors who wished to take the waters. Though its popularity as a spa town waned with the advent of sea bathing, the town still derives much of its income from tourism. The prefix "Royal" was granted to it in 1909 by King Edward VII; it is one of only three towns in England with the title.

The town had a population of 59,947 in 2016, and is the administrative centre of Tunbridge Wells Borough and in the parliamentary constituency of Tunbridge Wells.