hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Graphis lueckingii
Graphis lueckingii is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in southern Brazil, it was fornally described as a new species in 2010 by Manuela Dal-Forno and Sionara Eliasaro. The type specimen was collected by the first author in the Pontal do Paraná, where it was found growing on bark in a forest restinga. The species epithet honours lichenologist Robert Lücking.

Graphis lueckingii can be identified by its sorediate thallus, prominent lirellae featuring thin and complete thalline margins, a distinct clear hymenium, completely carbonized excipulum, small ascospores that are trans-septate and range from 20 to 23 μm in length, and the presence of norstictic acid. Graphis lueckingii shares some features with G. intricata and G. caesiocarpa, but both of these species lack soredia.

Restinga
Restingas (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʁesˈtʃĩɡɐ]) are a distinct type of coastal tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest in eastern Brazil. They form on sandy, acidic, and nutrient-poor soils, and are characterized by medium-sized trees and shrubs adapted to the drier and nutrient-poor conditions. One of the most notable restingas is the Restinga da Marambaia (in Rio de Janeiro), which is owned and kept by the Brazilian Army.
Saponin
Saponins (Latin sapon, 'soap' + -in, 'one of') are bitter-tasting, usually toxic plant-derived secondary metabolites. They are organic chemicals that become foamy when agitated in water and have high molecular weight. They are present in a wide range of plant species throughout the bark, leaves, stems, roots and flowers but particularly in soapwort (genus Saponaria), a flowering plant, the soapbark tree (Quillaja saponaria), common corn-cockle (Agrostemma githago L.), baby's breath (Gypsophila spp.) and soybeans (Glycine max L.). They are used in soaps, medicines (e.g., drug adjuvants), fire extinguishers, dietary supplements, steroid synthesis, and in carbonated beverages (for example, being responsible for maintaining the head on root beer). Saponins are both water and fat soluble, which gives them their useful soap properties. Some examples of these chemicals are glycyrrhizin (licorice flavoring) and quillaia (alt. quillaja), a bark extract used in beverages.

Root beer
Root beer is a North American beverage traditionally made using the root bark of the sassafras tree Sassafras albidum or the sarsaparilla vine Smilax ornata (also used to make a soft drink called sarsaparilla) as the primary flavor. It started out as a type of small beer that was brewed. Today, root beer is usually a sweet, carbonated soft drink that is generally non-alcoholic and caffeine-free. It usually has a thick and foamy head.

Since safrole, a key component of sassafras, was banned by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1960 due to its carcinogenicity, most commercial root beers have been flavored using artificial sassafras flavoring, but a few (e.g. Hansen's) used a safrole-free sassafras extract. There are many major root beer producers. A common use is to add vanilla ice cream to make a root beer float.
Hall Cliff
Hall Cliff (71°59′S 68°37′W﻿ / ﻿71.983°S 68.617°W﻿ / -71.983; -68.617) is a sandstone cliff 1 nautical mile (2 km) long, located along the south side of Saturn Glacier and 1 nautical mile west of Citadel Bastion in eastern Alexander Island, Antarctica. The feature was mapped from trimetrogon air photography taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition, 1947–48, and from survey by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, 1948–50. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee from association with Saturn Glacier after Asaph Hall, the American astronomer who contributed toward the study of Saturn and also discovered the satellites of the planet Mars.

Trimetrogon
Trimetrogon is an aerial photographic survey method that involves the use of three cameras in one assembly. One camera is pointed directly downwards, and the other two are pointed to either side of the flight path at a 60° depression angle (30° from vertical). The images overlap, allowing the use of stereographic interpretation of the topography. The name comes from the Metrogon cameras used in the original montages.
Xena: Warrior Princess (video game)
Xena: Warrior Princess is a hack and slash  video game developed by Universal Studios Digital Arts and co-published by Electronic Arts and Universal Interactive Studios for the PlayStation in 1999. A Game Boy Color version was developed and published by Titus Interactive in 2001. Each version is based on the television series of the same name, which aired from 1995 to 2001.

Chakram
The chakram (Sanskrit: cakra, cakram; Punjabi: cakkra, cakkram) is a throwing weapon from the Indian subcontinent. It is circular with a sharpened outer edge and a diameter of 12–30 centimetres (4+1⁄2–12 inches). It is also known as chalikar meaning "circle", and was sometimes referred to in English writings as a "war-quoit". The chakram is primarily a throwing weapon, but can also be used hand-to-hand. A smaller variant called chakri is worn on the wrist. A related weapon is the chakri dong, a bamboo staff with a chakri attached at one end.
Mohegan Pennsylvania
Mohegan Pennsylvania is a racino located in Plains Township on the outskirts of Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. It is owned and operated by Mohegan, the gaming and entertainment arm of the Mohegan Tribe of Connecticut. The facility includes over 2,300 slot machines, live tables for blackjack, roulette and poker, and a sportsbook for sports betting. It also retains its original harness racing track, which opened in 1965 as Pocono Downs.

Blackjack
Blackjack (formerly black jack or vingt-un) is a casino banking game.: 342  It is the most widely played casino banking game in the world. It uses decks of 52 cards and descends from a global family of casino banking games known as "twenty-one". This family of card games also includes the European games vingt-et-un and pontoon, and the Russian game Ochko. The game is a comparing card game where players compete against the dealer, rather than each other.
Coșna
Coșna (German: Koszna or Koschna) is a commune located in Suceava County, in the historical region of Bukovina, northeastern Romania. It is composed of five villages, namely: Coșna, Podu Coșnei, Românești, Teșna, and Valea Bancului. These were part of Dorna Candrenilor commune until 2003, when they were split off.

Suceava County
Suceava County (Romanian pronunciation: [suˈtʃe̯ava]) is a county (Romanian: județ) of Romania. Most of its territory lies in the southern part of the historical region of Bukovina, while the remainder forms part of Western Moldavia proper. The county seat and the most populous urban settlement of the county is Suceava.
Mansarovar, Navi Mumbai
Mansarovar is one of the recently developed nodes of Navi Mumbai, and is also a Mansarovar railway station on the harbour line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway network.

This station is near to Kamothe. Kamothe is old name and now its new name is "Mansarovar" which is being developed by CIDCO, almost all constructions are residential and commercial. This area offers good connectivity with Navi Mumbai and Panvel.

Panvel
Panvel (Marathi pronunciation: [pənʋeːl]) is a city and taluka in the Raigad district of Maharashtra, India. It is highly populated due to its proximity to Mumbai. Panvel is also governed for development purpose by the body of Mumbai Metropolitan Region. Panvel Municipal Corporation is the first Municipal Corporation in Raigad and the 1st Municipal corporation of Maharashtra State.
Raid on Combahee Ferry
The Raid on Combahee Ferry (/kəmˈbiː/ kəm-BEE), also known as the Combahee River Raid, was a military operation during the American Civil War conducted on June 1 and 2, 1863, by elements of the Union Army along the Combahee River in Beaufort and Colleton counties in the South Carolina Lowcountry.

Harriet Tubman, who had escaped from slavery in 1849 and guided many others to freedom, led an expedition of 150 African American soldiers of the 2nd South Carolina Infantry. The Union ships rescued and transported more than 750 former slaves freed five months earlier by the Emancipation Proclamation, many of whom joined the Union Army.

South Carolina Lowcountry
The Lowcountry (sometimes Low Country or just low country) is a geographic and cultural region along South Carolina's coast, including the Sea Islands. The region includes significant salt marshes and other coastal waterways, making it an important source of biodiversity in South Carolina.

Once known for its slave-based agricultural wealth in rice and indigo, crops that flourished in the hot subtropical climate, the Lowcountry is today known for its historic cities and communities, natural environment, cultural heritage, and tourism industry. Several dozen Native American tribes had inhabited the area, including the Cusabo (and sub tribes) and Etiwan. Demographically, the Lowcountry is still heavily dominated by African American communities, such as the Gullah/Geechee people.

As of the 2020 census, the population of the Lowcountry was 1,167,139.
Clitic doubling
In linguistics, clitic doubling, or pronominal reduplication is a phenomenon by which clitic pronouns appear in verb phrases together with the full noun phrases that they refer to (as opposed to the cases where such pronouns and full noun phrases are in complementary distribution).

Clitic doubling is found in many languages, including Albanian, Aromanian, Macedonian, Bulgarian, Degema, Greek, Persian, Romanian, Somali, Italian, and Spanish.

The conditions on clitic doubling vary from language to language, generally depending on well-known properties of the objects along the animacy hierarchy (allowing, requiring, or forbidding clitic-doubling for different kinds of objects). In this regard, clitic doubling for objects can be viewed as a species of differential object marking.

Noun phrase
A noun phrase – or NP or nominal (phrase) – is a phrase that usually has a noun or pronoun as its head, and has the same grammatical functions as a noun. Noun phrases are very common cross-linguistically, and they may be the most frequently occurring phrase type.

Noun phrases often function as verb subjects and objects, as predicative expressions, and as complements of prepositions. One NP can be embedded inside another NP; for instance, some of his constituents has as a constituent the shorter NP his constituents.

In some theories of grammar, noun phrases with determiners are analyzed as having the determiner as the head of the phrase, see for instance Chomsky (1995) and Hudson (1990).
Jeanne LaDuke
Alice Jeanne LaDuke (born June 27, 1938) is an American mathematician who specialized in mathematical analysis and the history of mathematics. She was also a child actress who appeared in one film (The Green Promise).

Mathematical analysis
Analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions.

These theories are usually studied in the context of real and complex numbers and functions. Analysis evolved from calculus, which involves the elementary concepts and techniques of analysis.
Analysis may be distinguished from geometry; however, it can be applied to any space of mathematical objects that has a definition of nearness (a topological space) or specific distances between objects  (a metric space).
Celia Lynch
Celia Lynch (née Quinn; 6 May 1908 – 16 June 1989) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician, assistant Government Whip, and Teachta Dála (TD) for 23 years. She also served as a Dublin City Councillor for many years.

Her birthplace was Duras House, Kinvara, County Galway. Her husband James B. Lynch was a TD and Senator from 1932 until his death in 1954. A schoolteacher before marriage, Lynch was elected to Dáil Éireann on her first attempt, as a Fianna Fáil candidate for the Dublin South-Central constituency at the 1954 general election, taking her seat in the 15th Dáil.  She was re-elected at the next 1957 general election. At the 1961 general election, she was elected for Dublin North-Central, where she was returned again at three further general elections before retiring from politics at the 1977 general election.

She lived at 156 Botanic Road, Glasnevin.

1961 Irish general election
The 1961 Irish general election to the 17th Dáil was held on Wednesday, 4 October, following the dissolution of the 16th Dáil on 15 September by President Éamon de Valera on the request of Taoiseach Seán Lemass. The general election took place in 38 Dáil constituencies throughout Ireland for 144 seats in Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas, which had been reduced in size by three seats from the previous election by the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1961. Fianna Fáil lost its majority but remained the dominant party.

The 17th Dáil met at Leinster House on 11 October to nominate the Taoiseach for appointment by the president and to approve the appointment of a new government of Ireland. Lemass was re-appointed Taoiseach, forming the 10th government of Ireland, a single-party minority Fianna Fáil government.
Narayanpur, Namkhana
Narayanpur is a village and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Namkhana police station in the Namkhana CD block in the Kakdwip subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

South 24 Parganas
South 24 Parganas (Pron: pɔrɡɔnɔs; abbr. 24 PGS (S)), or sometimes South Twenty Four Parganas and Dakshin 24 Parganas, is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal, headquartered in Alipore , with its Zilla Parishad  in Baruipur. It is the largest district of West Bengal by area and second largest by population. It is the sixth most populous district in India (out of 640). On one side of the district there is the urban fringe of Kolkata, and on the other the remote riverine villages in the Sundarbans.
Sir Stephen Young, 3rd Baronet
Sir Stephen Stewart Templeton Young, 3rd Baronet, QC, is a Scottish baronet and held the post of Sheriff Principal of Grampian, Highland and Islands from 2001 until 2012. He is the third Baronet of Partick.

He gained an MA degree from Oxford University and an LLB degree from the University of Edinburgh.

He was appointed Sheriff Principal of Grampian, Highlands and Islands in 2001, a position he held until 2012.

He became a QC in 2002 and in 2005 was appointed Chairman of the Sheriff Court Rules Council.

He is also ex officio a Commissioner of the Northern Lighthouse Board, and a Governor of The Robert Gordon University.

Northern Lighthouse Board
The Northern Lighthouse Board (NLB) is the general lighthouse authority for Scotland and the Isle of Man. It is a non-departmental public body responsible for marine navigation aids around coastal areas.
Jagdstaffel 31
Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 31 was a World War I "hunting group" (i.e., fighter squadron) of the Luftstreitkräfte, the air arm of the Imperial German Army during World War I. As one of the original German fighter squadrons, the unit would score 35 verified aerial victories, including five wins over enemy observation balloons.

In turn, their casualties for the war would amount to nine pilots killed in action, two dead in aircraft accidents, six wounded in action, and two injured in accidents.

Wounded in action
Wounded in action (WIA) describes combatants who have been wounded while fighting in a combat zone during wartime, but have not been killed. Typically, it implies that they are temporarily or permanently incapable of bearing arms or continuing to fight. Generally, the Wounded in Action are far more numerous than those killed. Common combat injuries include second and third-degree burns, broken bones, shrapnel wounds, brain injuries, spinal cord injuries, nerve damage, paralysis, loss of sight and hearing, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and limb loss.

For the U.S. military, becoming WIA in combat generally results in subsequent conferral of the Purple Heart, because the purpose of the medal itself (one of the highest awards, military or civilian, officially given by the American government) is to recognize those killed, incapacitated, or wounded in battle.
2021–22 Hampton Pirates basketball team
The 2021–22 Hampton Pirates men's basketball team represented Hampton University in the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Pirates, led by 13th-year head coach Edward Joyner Jr., played their home games at the Hampton Convocation Center in Hampton, Virginia as members of the Big South Conference. They finished the season 9–19, 5–11 in Big South play, to finish in last place in the North Division. As the No. 10 seed in the Big South tournament, they lost to High Point in the first round.

The season marked the school's last season as a member of the Big South as the Pirates joined the Colonial Athletic Association in 2022.

2021–22 Big South Conference men's basketball season
The 2021–22 Big South Conference men's basketball season started non-conference play on November 9, 2021, and began conference play on January 5, 2022. The regular season ended on February 26, 2022, setting up the 2021–22 Big South Conference men's basketball tournament from March 2 to March 6.
Fibonacci word
In mathematics, more specifically in combinatorics on words, a Fibonacci word is a specific sequence of binary digits (or symbols from any two-letter alphabet). The Fibonacci word is formed by repeated concatenation in the same way that the Fibonacci numbers are formed by repeated addition.

It is a paradigmatic example of a Sturmian word and specifically, a morphic word.

The name "Fibonacci word" has also been used to refer to the members of a formal language L consisting of strings of zeros and ones with no two repeated ones. Any prefix of the specific Fibonacci word belongs to L, but so do many other strings. L has a Fibonacci number of members of each possible length.

Concatenation
In formal language theory and computer programming, string concatenation is the operation of joining character strings end-to-end. For example, the concatenation of "snow" and "ball" is "snowball". In certain formalizations of concatenation theory, also called string theory, string concatenation is a primitive notion.
Cory Niefer
Cory Niefer (born 18 October 1975) is a Canadian sports shooter. He competed in the Men's 10 metre air rifle, and also the 50 m rifle prone events at the 2012 Summer Olympics. He was the first individual Canadian to qualify for the 2012 Olympics.

Shooting at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 50 metre rifle prone
The Men's 50 metre rifle prone event at the 2012 Olympic Games took place on 3 August 2012 at the Royal Artillery Barracks.

The event consisted of two rounds: a qualifier and a final. In the qualifier, each shooter fired 60 shots with a .22 Long Rifle at 50 metres distance from the prone position. Scores for each shot were in increments of 1, with a maximum score of 10.

The top 8 shooters in the qualifying round moved on to the final round. There, they fired an additional 10 shots. These shots were scored in increments of .1, with a maximum score of 10.9. The total score from all 70 shots were used to determine final ranking.
Craig McKay (film editor)
Craig McKay (born in New York's Hudson Valley) is an American feature film editor, story consultant, director, and executive producer.  Recognized with two Academy Award nominations for editing Reds and The Silence of the Lambs, and an Emmy Award for editing the NBC miniseries Holocaust, he has edited more than forty films including Philadelphia, The Manchurian Candidate, Cop Land and Maid in Manhattan.

His directing credits include Bubbe Meises, Bubbe Stories for PBS and HBO's The Red Shoes, written by John Guare.  Story consultant credits include Bravo's Haiti: Dreams of Democracy, Academy Award-nominated Mandela, and PBS's award-winning Witness: Voices from the Holocaust.

McKay has served as a creative advisor at the Sundance Institute Filmmaker's Lab and is also an executive producer on the award-winning feature-length documentary A Normal Life.

He is a member of the DGA, AMPAS, WGAE and Local 700. McKay has been elected to membership in the American Cinema Editors.

Maid in Manhattan
Maid in Manhattan is a 2002 American romantic comedy drama film directed by Wayne Wang and based on a story by John Hughes, who is credited using a pseudonym. It stars Jennifer Lopez, Ralph Fiennes, and Natasha Richardson. In the film, a hotel maid and a high-profile politician fall in love. The film was released on December 13, 2002, by Sony Pictures Releasing and was a box office success, grossing $154.9 million against its $55 million budget, while receiving mixed reviews.
Yanda Pyissi
Yanda Pyissi (Burmese: ရန္တ ပစ္စည်း, pronounced [ʔjàɴda̰ pjɪʔsí]; also spelled Rantapyissi; c. 1240s – 1284) was a minister in the service of King Narathihapate of the Pagan Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar). He was also a general in the Royal Burmese Army under the command of his elder brother Ananda Pyissi. Together they unsuccessfully fought against the first two Mongol invasions (1277–85). Ava kings from Mohnyin Thado to Narapati II, and all Konbaung kings were descended from him.

Rakhine State
Rakhine State (/rəˈkaɪn/ ⓘ rə-KYN; Burmese: ရခိုင်ပြည်နယ်, MLCTS: ra.hkuing pranynai, pronounced [jəkʰàiɰ̃ pjìnɛ̀]; Rakhine pronunciation: [ɹəkʰàiɰ̃ pɹènè]), formerly known as Arakan State, is a state in Myanmar (Burma). Situated on the western coast, it is bordered by Chin State to the north, Magway Region, Bago Region and Ayeyarwady Region to the east, the Bay of Bengal to the west and the Chattogram Division of Bangladesh to the northwest. The north–south Arakan Mountains or Rakhine Yoma separate Rakhine State from central Myanmar. Off the coast of Rakhine State there are some fairly large islands such as Ramree, Cheduba and Myingun. Rakhine State has an area of 36,762 square kilometres (14,194 sq mi) and its capital is Sittwe (formerly known as Akyab).

As of November 2025, the Arakan Army which is the armed wing of the ethnic Rakhine, maintains de facto control over approximately 90 percent of the state, including 14 of its 17 townships.
Dany Boivin
Dany Boivin is a Canadian art director and production designer. He is most noted for his work on the film The Twentieth Century, for which he won both the Canadian Screen Award for Best Art Direction/Production Design at the 8th Canadian Screen Awards and the Prix Iris for Best Art Direction at the 22nd Quebec Cinema Awards.

His prior credits included the films Bydlo and The Tesla World Light.

The Tesla World Light
The Tesla World Light (French: Tesla : lumière mondiale) is an 8-minute 2017 black and white avant-garde film by Montreal director Matthew Rankin imagining the latter days of inventor Nikola Tesla in 1905 in New York City. Rankin has stated that he was interested in exploring Tesla's optimistic utopian vision. The film is a fanciful amalgamation of elements from Tesla's life including his 1905 pleadings for  J.P. Morgan to continue funding his World Wireless System and his love for a pigeon. Rankin has stated that "everything in the film is drawn from something [Tesla] wrote or said." The film uses excerpts of Tesla's actual letters to Morgan, which the filmmaker found in the Library of Congress; even a  reference to Tesla falling in love with an "electric pigeon" was based on an interview with Tesla, according to Rankin. The film is produced by Julie Roy for the National Film Board of Canada.