hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dariusz Kowaluk
Dariusz Kowaluk (born 16 April 1996) is a Polish sprinter specialising in the 400 metres. Kowaluk was born to Teresa and Miroslaw in Wlodawa in the Lublin region. He won a silver medal in the 4 × 400 metres relay at the 2017 European U23 Championships as well as gold in the mixed 4 × 400 metres relay at the 2020 Summer Olympic Games.

Kowaluk was a student of journalism at Cardinal Stefan Wyszński University in Warsaw. During his studies he was able to train between classes as his training ground was close to the university.

4 × 400 metres relay
The 4 × 400 metres relay or long relay is an athletics track event in which teams consist of four runners who each complete 400 metres or one lap, totaling 1600 meters. It is traditionally the final event of a track meet. The first leg and the first bend of the second leg are run in lanes. Start lines are thus staggered over a greater distance than in an individual 400 metres race; the runners then typically move to the inside of the track. The slightly longer 4 × 440 yards relay, on an Imperial distance, was a formerly run British Commonwealth and American event, until metrication was completed in the 1970s.
Louis Alix de Nompère de Champagny
Louis Alix de Nompère de Champagny (12 June 1796, Saint-Vincent-de-Boisset - 27 January 1870, Boulogne-sur-Seine) was a French politician and diplomat. He was the son of Jean-Baptiste de Nompère de Champagny. He retired into private life after the 1848 Revolution but returned in May 1861 as France's ambassador to Rome.

On 17 May 1824 in Paris, he married Caroline Élisabeth Lagrange (1806-1870), daughter of Joseph Lagrange (1763-1836) and Marie de Talhouët-Bonamour (1786-1849). She bought the Bastie d'Urfé.

Boulogne-Billancourt
Boulogne-Billancourt (French: [bulɔɲ bijɑ̃kuʁ] ⓘ; often colloquially simply Boulogne, until 1924 officially Boulogne-sur-Seine, [bulɔɲ syʁ sɛn], lit. 'Boulogne-on-Seine') is a wealthy and prestigious commune in the western inner suburbs of Paris, France, located 8.2 km (5 mi) from the centre of Paris at Notre Dame. It is a subprefecture of the Hauts-de-Seine department and thus the seat of the larger arrondissement of Boulogne-Billancourt. It is also part of the Métropole du Grand Paris. Boulogne-Billancourt includes one island in the Seine: Île Seguin.

Boulogne-Billancourt is one of the wealthiest regions in the Parisian area and in France. Formerly an important industrial site, it has successfully reconverted into business services and is now home to major communication companies headquartered in the Val de Seine business district.
Mlomp, Bignona
Mlomp is a village in Lower Casamance, Senegal, located to the north of Thionck Essyl and to the south of Kartiack. At the time of the 2002 census, the locality contained 2,746 in 382 households. It is the main settlement of the rural community of Mlomp (Bignona), in Bignona Department of the Ziguinchor Region.

Rural communities of Senegal
Rural communities (Communautés rurales) (CR) are the fourth-level administrative divisions in Senegal. They are administrative subdivisions comprising the villages, but are distinct from the urban communes and municipalities concerning medium or large towns.

Senegal is a predominantly agricultural country, and the rural communities by far encompass the largest part of the national territory.
Ramón Otero Pedrayo
Ramón Otero Pedrayo (alternative spelling Outeiro Pedraio) (Ourense, Galicia, 1888 – Ourense, 1976) was a Galician geographer, writer and intellectual. He was a key member of the Galician cultural and political movement Xeración Nós.

Ourense
Ourense (Galician: [owˈɾɛnsɪ]; Spanish: Orense [oˈɾense] ⓘ) is a city and the capital of the province of Ourense, located in the autonomous community of Galicia, northwestern Spain. It is on the Camino Sanabrés path of the Way of St James (Camino de Santiago), and is crossed by the Miño, Barbaña, Loña and Barbañica rivers. It is also known as A cidade das Burgas (in Galician) due to its hot springs, being one of the European cities with the greatest thermal heritage.
Campaign for Fiscal Equity
The Campaign for Fiscal Equity (CFE) was a not-for-profit advocacy organization that sought to protect and promote the constitutional right to a sound basic education for all public school students in the State of New York.  Under the leadership of Michael A. Rebell, the organization filed and won the landmark "CFE v. State of New York" lawsuit, which successfully argued that the state's school finance system under-funded New York City public schools and denied its students their constitutional right.

Not-for-profit organization
A not-for-profit organisation (NFPO) is a legal entity that does not distribute surplus funds to its members and is formed to fulfill specific objectives.

While not-for-profit organizations and nonprofit organizations (NPO) are distinct legal entities, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. An NFPO must be differentiated from a NPO as they are not formed explicitly for the public good as an NPO must be, and NFPOs are considered "recreational organizations", meaning that they do not operate with the goal of generating revenue as opposed to NPOs.
Rutwica
Rutwica [rutˈfit͡sa] (German: Harmelsdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wałcz, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 13 km (8 mi) west of Wałcz and 115 km (71 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Wałcz County
Wałcz County (Polish: powiat wałecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Wałcz, which lies 127 kilometres (79 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin. The county contains three other towns: Mirosławiec, 27 km (17 mi) west of Wałcz, Człopa, 31 km (19 mi) south-west of Wałcz, and Tuczno, 25 km (16 mi) south-west of Wałcz.

The county covers an area of 1,414.79 square kilometres (546.3 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 54,639, out of which the population of Wałcz is 26,140, that of Mirosławiec is 2,633, that of Człopa is 2,390, that of Tuczno is 1,965, and the rural population is 21,511.
Cross Partners
Cross Partners is a 1792 comedy play by the British writer Elizabeth Inchbald. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Haymarket in London on 25 July 1792. The original Haymarket cast included Richard Wilson as Sir Charles Cullender, Thomas King as General Touchwood, James Brown Williamson as  George Cleveland, John Palmer as Captain Herbert, Ralph Wewitzer as Corporal Smack, Charles Farley as Pompey, John Henry Johnstone as Thomas, Lydia Webb as Lady Diana Dupely, Charlotte Goodall as Maria Sydney, Louisa Fontenelle as Mrs Mutter and Elizabeth Heard as Louisa Fairfax. It enjoyed a solid run of nine performances.

John Palmer (actor)
John Palmer (c. 1742–1798) was an actor on the English stage in the eighteenth century. There was also another John Palmer (1728–1768) who was known as Gentleman Palmer. Richard Brinsley Sheridan nicknamed him Plausible Jack.
Audi Channel
The Audi Channel was a digital satellite television channel, launched in the UK in 2005 by the German car company Audi.  It was broadcast free-to-air via Sky Digital, which is generally receivable in the United Kingdom, and  Ireland (although the Sky Digital output is also receivable in many mainland European countries). The Audi Channel was broadcast in the 4:3 aspect ratio, in standard definition.

Aspect ratio (image)
The aspect ratio of an image is the ratio of its width to its height. It is expressed as two numbers separated by a colon, in the format width:height. Common aspect ratios are 1.85:1 and 2.39:1 in cinematography, 4:3 (originally) and 16:9 in television, and 3:2 in still photography. The 1:1 aspect ratio is used for square images, often seen on social media platforms like Instagram, and 21:9 is an "ultrawide" aspect ratio popular for gaming and desktop monitors.
HIV/AIDS in South Africa
HIV/AIDS is one of the most serious health concerns in South Africa. South Africa has the highest number of people afflicted with HIV of any country, and the fourth-highest adult HIV prevalence rate, according to the 2019 United Nations statistics. As of 2022, about 8 million South Africans, out of a total population of 60 million, were living with HIV.

According to a UNAIDS dataset sourced from the World Bank, in 2019 the HIV prevalence rate for adults aged 15 to 49 was 27% in Eswatini (Swaziland), 25% in Lesotho, 25% in Botswana and 19% in South Africa.

Statistics South Africa
Statistics South Africa (officially the Department of Statistics South Africa, and often shortened to Stats SA) is the national statistical service of South Africa. The Department has the goal of producing timely, accurate and official statistics to advance economic growth, development and democracy.

Statistics South Africa produces official demographic, economic and social censuses and surveys. To date Statistics South Africa has produced four censuses, in 1996, 2001, 2011 and 2022.

Statistics South Africa was previously known as the "Central Statistical Service", shortly after the end of apartheid and absorbed the statistical services of the former Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei.
Origin:Orphan
Origin:Orphan is the fifth studio album by the Hidden Cameras, released September 22, 2009. It is the band's first release on Arts & Crafts.

The album's first official single is "In the NA", although the song "Walk On" was previously released as a preview track on the web and the compilation album Arts & Crafts Sampler Vol. 6. The music video for "In the NA" was screened at several film festivals, including the 19th Annual Inside Out Film and Video Festival, the opening night of SXSW and the 2008 Atlantic Film Festival.

Arts & Crafts Productions
Arts & Crafts Productions is a Canadian music-focused media and artist services company that offers services as an independent record label, management firm, merchandiser, and publisher worldwide. It has earned 21 Juno Awards. Arts & Crafts has been called one of Canada's most important record labels.
War memorial of Céret
The War memorial of Céret is a World War I memorial in France, located in Céret (Pyrénées-Orientales). The memorial is made of light gray sandstone and consists of a symbolic figure of a mourning woman seated on top of an inscribed base. The figure was sculpted by Aristide Maillol, who worked on it from 1919 to 1920. The memorial was inaugurated in 1922, and it was declared a national monument in 1994.

Aristide Maillol
Aristide Joseph Bonaventure Maillol (French: [mɑjɔl]; December 8, 1861 – September 27, 1944) was a French Catalan sculptor, painter, and printmaker.

He began his career as a painter and developed an early interest in the decorative arts. He became primarily interested in sculpture from his early 40s. Maillol was one of the most famous sculptors of his time. His work inspired artists such as Picasso, Henri Matisse and Henry Moore.
White Oak Historic District
White Oak Historic District is a national historic district located near Winnsboro, Fairfield County, South Carolina.  The district encompasses 12 contributing buildings in the rural community of White Oak.  The buildings in the district were built between about 1876 and about 1925, and includes three large frame residences (including a manse), a frame church with steeple, two frame store buildings, a cotton warehouse, and two vacant, wooded lots, some of which reflect Victorian stylistic influences.  Notable buildings include the T. G. Patrick Store, McDowell's Store, White Oak Cotton Warehouse,	Matthew Patrick House, T. G. Patrick House and outbuildings, and White Oak A.R.P. Church and Manse.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Fairfield County, South Carolina
Fairfield County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 20,948. Its county seat is Winnsboro. Fairfield County is part of the Columbia, South Carolina metropolitan area.
Nir Moshe
Nir Moshe (Hebrew: ניר משה, lit. 'Moshe's Meadow') is a moshav in southern Israel with an elevation of 145 m from sea level. Located in the north-western Negev desert, south-east of Sderot with an area of 2,000 dunams, it falls under the jurisdiction of Merhavim Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 602.

Sderot
Sderot (Hebrew: שְׂדֵרוֹת, pronounced [sdeˈʁot], lit. 'boulevards'; Arabic: سديروت, sometimes Romanized as "Sederot") is a western Negev city and former development town in the Southern District of Israel. In 2023, it had a population of 35,477.

Sderot is located less than a mile from Gaza (the closest point is 840 m (2,760 ft)), and is notable for having been a major target of Qassam rocket attacks from the Gaza Strip. Between 2001 and 2008, rocket attacks on the city killed 13 people, wounded dozens, caused millions of dollars in damage and profoundly disrupted daily life. Although rocket fire subsided after the Gaza War (2008–09), the city has come under rocket attack on occasion since that time.

In 2024, Sderot was chosen to serve as a model for Israeli cities in the implementation of urban forestry ideas.
Torah database
A Torah database (Hebrew: מאגר תורני) is a collection of Jewish religious texts in electronic form, the kinds of texts which, especially in Israel, are often called "The Traditional Jewish Bookshelf" (Hebrew: ארון הספרים היהודי); the texts are in their original languages (Hebrew or Aramaic). It usually refers to a collection of primary texts, rather than translations or secondary research and reference materials.

These databases contain either keyed-in digital texts or a collection of page-images from printed editions. Given the nature of Torah study in Judaism, which involves extensive citation and cross-referencing among hundreds of texts written over the course of thousands of years, many Torah databases also make extensive use of hypertext links.

Responsa
Responsa (plural of Latin responsum, 'answer') comprise a body of written decisions and rulings given by legal scholars in response to questions addressed to them. In the modern era, the term is used to describe decisions and rulings made by scholars in historic religious law.
Amiya Prosad Sen
Amiya Prosad Sen (born 1952) is a historian with an interest in the intellectual and cultural history of modern India. Currently he is Sivadasani Fellow at the Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies, Oxford  (UK). He was previously the Heinrich Zimmer Chair at the South Asia Institute, Heidelberg University. He has served as Professor of Modern Indian History at Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi. He has been Agatha Harrison Fellow to the University of Oxford and Visiting Fellow to the Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla, and the Centre for Contemporary Studies, Nehru Memorial Museum & Library, New Delhi. During 2007–08, he was Tagore professor at Vishwa Bharati, Shantiniketan.

Sen took his bachelor's and master's degrees in history from St. Stephen's College, Delhi and also pursued his PhD there. After a brief career in Indian Civil Services, he took up teaching and research in 1984.

Visva-Bharati University
Visva-Bharati (IAST: Viśva-Bhāratī) (Bengali: [biʃːobʱaroti]) is a public central university and an Institute of National Importance located in Shantiniketan, West Bengal, India. The foundation stone was laid on 8 Poush 1325 (24th December 1918) by Rabindranath Tagore, who called it Visva-Bharati, which means the communion of the world with India. Until independence it was a college. Soon after independence, the institution was given the status of a central university in 1951 by an act of the Parliament.
Oleg Marichev
Oleg Igorevich Marichev (Russian: Олег Игоревич Маричев; born 7 September 1945 in Velikiye Luki, Russia) is a Russian mathematician. In 1949 he moved to Minsk with his parents. He graduated from the University of Belarus, where he continued to study for the Ph.D. degree. His scientific supervisor was Fedor Gakhov. He is the co-author of a comprehensive five volume series of  Integrals and Series (Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1986–1992) together with Yury Brychkov and A. P. Prudnikov. Around 1990 he received the D.Sc. degree (Habilitation) in mathematics from the University of Jena, Germany. In 1992, Marichev started working with Stephen Wolfram on Mathematica. His wife Anna helps him in his job.

Belarusian State University
The Belarusian State University (BSU) (Belarusian: Белару́скі дзяржа́ўны ўніверсітэ́т, romanized: Biełaruski dziaržaŭny ŭniviersitet, Belarusian pronunciation: [bʲelaˈruskʲi d͡zʲarˈʒawnɨ wnʲivʲersʲiˈtɛt]; Russian: Белору́сский госуда́рственный университе́т) is a university in Minsk, Belarus. It was founded on October 30, 1921.
Ajdabiya
Ajdabiya (/ˌɑːdʒdəˈbiːə/ AHJ-də-BEE-ə; Arabic: أجدابيا, romanized: Aǧdābiyā) is a town in and capital of the Al Wahat District in northeastern Libya. It is some 150 kilometres (93 mi) south of Benghazi. From 2001 to 2007 it was part of and capital of the Ajdabiya District.  The town is divided into three Basic People's Congresses: North Ajdabiya, West Ajdabiya and East Ajdabiya.

During the Libyan Civil War, the city changed hands several times between rebels and pro-Gaddafi forces, with the anti-Gaddafi forces finally securing the town in April 2011.  As many civilians had fled the fighting, one March 2011 report described the city as a "ghost town."

Later, during the Second Libyan Civil War, the city was seized by the Ajdabiya Revolutionaries Shura Council until it was taken over by the Libyan National Army on 21 February 2016.

Basic People's Congress (administrative division)
Basic People's Congress (Arabic: مؤتمر شعبي أساسي, romanized: Mu'tamar shaʿbi asāsi) was the primary administrative division in Libya under the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011. It corresponded approximately to the level of a township or borough.

During Muammar Gaddafi's rule, political caucuses and committees of the Basic People's Congress operated at this level.  Representatives from the Basic People's Congresses regulated operations at the higher shabiyah (district) level.

In July 2013 the shabiyat and Basic People's Congress system was replaced with a new baladiyat system of ninety-nine first-level administrative divisions.
Wildlife of the Philippines
The wildlife of the Philippines includes a significant number of endemic plant and animal species. The country's surrounding waters reportedly have the highest level of marine biodiversity in the world. The Philippines is one of the seventeen megadiverse countries and is a global biodiversity hotspot. In 2013, 700 of the country's 52,177 species were listed as threatened.

The Philippines has among the highest rates of species discovery in the world with 16 new species of mammal discovered in the last ten years. Because of this, the degree of endemism in the Philippines has risen and will likely continue to rise.

Some of the smallest and largest animals and plants are found in the Philippines. These include the smallest primate (tarsier), the biggest moth (Atlas moth, or mariposa in Tagalog), the smallest deer (Philippine mouse-deer or pilandok), the smallest fish (Philippine goby), and the biggest fish (whale shark).

Tarsier
Tarsiers (/ˈtɑːrsiərz/ TAR-see-ərz) are haplorhine primates of the family Tarsiidae, which is the lone extant family within the infraorder Tarsiiformes. Although the group was prehistorically more globally widespread, all of the existing species are restricted to Maritime Southeast Asia, predominantly in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines.

They are found primarily in forested habitats, especially forests that have liana, since the vine gives tarsiers vertical support when climbing trees.
Pat Kelly (speed skater)
Leonard Patrick Kelly (born June 23, 1962, in Toronto, Ontario) is a former ice speed skater from Canada, who represented his native country in two consecutive Winter Olympics, starting in 1992 in Albertville, France. Kelly is married to former American pair skater Karen Courtland. He now lives and skates part-time in Lake Placid, NY. On Feb 6th, 2010 he skated a 40.13 outdoors on the Olympic oval.

Speed skating at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Speed skating at the 1992 Winter Olympics, was held from 9 to 20 February. Ten events were contested at L'anneau de vitesse. It was the last time in Winter Olympics in which speed skating events were contested in an outdoor ice rink.
Louis III of Anjou
Louis III (25 September 1403 – 12 November 1434) was a claimant to the Kingdom of Naples from 1417 to 1426, as well as count of Provence, Forcalquier, Piedmont, and Maine and duke of Anjou from 1417 to 1434. As the heir designate to the throne of Naples, he was duke of Calabria from 1426 to 1434.

County of Provence
The County of Provence was a largely autonomous medieval state that eventually became incorporated into the Kingdom of France in 1481. For four centuries Provence was ruled by a series of counts that were vassals of the Carolingian Empire, Burgundy and finally the Holy Roman Empire, but in practice they were largely independent.
Saffron darter
The saffron darter (Etheostoma flavum) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is endemic to the eastern United States, where it is found in streams and creeks in Kentucky and Tennessee.

Sander (fish)
Sander (formerly known as Stizostedion) is a genus of predatory ray-finned fish in the family Percidae, which also includes the perches, ruffes, and darters. They are also known as "pike-perch" because of their resemblance to fish in the unrelated Esocidae (pike) family. They are the only genus in the monotypic tribe Luciopercini, which is one of two tribes in the subfamily Luciopercinae.

The earliest known fossils of this genus are partial jaw and vertebrae elements from the middle Miocene (Barstovian)-aged Wood Mountain Formation of Saskatchewan, Canada.
Hougland
Hougland is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bill Hougland (1930–2017), American basketball player

Jeff Hougland (born 1978), American mixed martial artist

Whayne M. Hougland Jr., American bishop

Whayne M. Hougland Jr.
Whayne Miller Hougland Jr. is a former bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Western Michigan and the Episcopal Diocese of Eastern Michigan who resigned after being suspended for engaging in an extramarital affair.
Douglas Cloudster II
The Douglas Cloudster II was an American prototype five-seat light aircraft of the late 1940s. It was of unusual layout, with two buried piston engines driving a single pusher propeller. Only a single example was built, which flew only twice, as it proved too expensive to be commercially viable.

Pusher configuration
In aeronautical and naval engineering, pusher configuration is the term used to describe a drivetrain of air- or watercraft with propulsion device(s) after the engine(s).  This is in contrast to the more conventional tractor configuration, which places them in front.

Though the term is most commonly applied to aircraft, its most ubiquitous propeller example is a common outboard motor for a small boat.

“Pusher configuration” describes the specific (propeller or ducted fan) thrust device attached to a craft, either aerostats (airship) or aerodynes (aircraft, WIG, paramotor, rotorcraft) or others types such as hovercraft, airboats, and propeller-driven snowmobiles.