hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
İske Qazan
İske Qazan (literally: Old Kazan; Cyrillic: Иске Казан), was a Bolghar-Tatar city in the 13-16th centuries, situated on the banks of the Kazanka River in the Kazan artı or Zakazanye region, in what is today the Russian Federation republic of Tatarstan.

In 18th century Tatar literature, İske Kazan was said to have been founded by the brothers Altınbäk and Ğälimbäk during Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria.

In the 13-14th centuries the city was one of the political and economic centres of Kazan artı. After raids by Russian armies in 1376 and 1399, the city's importance declined. In 1535, the exiled king Canğäli khan lived in the city, where he probably died. In 1552 İske Kazan was ruined by Russian troops.

Today the Urıs Urmatı and Qamay ruins are the ruins of İske Kazan.

Tatar literature
Tatar literature (Tatar: татар әдәбияты) consists of literature in the Tatar language, a Turkic language spoken in the Republic of Tatarstan in Russia.  Tatar literature is a part of Tatar society and has been part of Tatar history since the existence of a Tatar state. Famous Tatar poets include Kasim Bikkulov, Ğabdulla Tuqay, and Näqi İsänbät.
Golden Hinde (1973)
Golden Hinde was launched in 1973 and is a full-size replica of the Golden Hind (launched 1577). She was built using traditional handicrafts at Appledore, in Devon. She has travelled more than 140,000 mi (230,000 km), a distance equal to more than five times around the globe. Like the original ship, she has circumnavigated the globe.

Circumnavigation
Circumnavigation is the complete navigation around an entire island, continent, or astronomical body (e.g. a planet or moon). This article focuses on the circumnavigation of Earth.

The first circumnavigation of the Earth was the Magellan Expedition, which sailed from Sanlucar de Barrameda, Spain in 1519 and returned in 1522, after crossing the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. Since the rise of commercial aviation in the mid 20th century, circumnavigating Earth is straightforward, usually taking days instead of years. Today, the challenge of circumnavigating Earth has shifted towards human and technological endurance, speed, and less conventional methods.
Batur (surname)
Batur is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Emir Batur Albayrak (born 2007), Turkish Olympian swimmer

Emre Batur (born 1988), Turkish volleyball player

Enis Batur (born 1952), Turkish writer

Erdeni Batur (died 1653), Mongolian monarch

Gheni Batur (1902–1981), Uyghur national hero

Nur Batur (born 1952), Turkish journalist

Ivan Batur (born 1991), Croatian Basketball player

Emre Batur
Emre Batur (born 21 April 1988) is a Turkish professional volleyball player. He played for Fenerbahçe Grundig since 2005 before he transferred to Halkbank Ankara in the 2012-13 season. He played 25 times for national team. He also played for Tokat Plevne Belediyesi.

He won the bronze medal at the 2010 Men's European Volleyball League and the silver medal at the 2012 Men's European Volleyball League with the national team. He was awarded the title "Most Valuable Player" at the 2012 European League. Batur won the Men's CEV Cup 2012–13 with Halkbank Ankara.
French destroyer Chacal
The French destroyer Chacal was the name ship of her class of destroyers (contre-torpilleur) built for the French Navy during the 1920s. Initially assigned to the Mediterranean Squadron, she spent most of the following decade as a training ship. The ship was assigned convoy escort duties in the Atlantic after the start of World War II in September 1939 until she was committed to the English Channel after the Battle of France began in May 1940. Chacal was crippled by German bombers and artillery on 23/24 May and had to beach herself near Boulogne-sur-Mer.

Beaching (nautical)
Beaching (or landing) is the process in which a ship or boat is laid ashore, or grounded deliberately in shallow water. This is more usual with small flat-bottomed boats. Larger ships may be beached deliberately; for instance, in an emergency, a damaged ship might be beached to prevent it from sinking in deep water. Some vessels are designed to be loaded and unloaded by beaching; vessels of this type used by the military to disembark troops under fire are called landing craft.

During the age of sail, vessels were sometimes beached to allow them to be rolled over for the hull to be maintained, a process called careening.

Ships scheduled for break-up are sometimes intentionally beached to make the procedure easier.
Algol (rocket stage)
The Algol family of solid-fuel rocket stages and boosters is built by Aerojet (now Aerojet Rocketdyne) and used on a variety of launch vehicles. It was developed by Aerojet from the earlier Jupiter Senior and the Navy Polaris programs. Upgrades to the Algol motor occurred from 1960 until the retirement of the Scout launch vehicle in 1994.

The Algol family use solid propellant fuel with a loaded mass of 10,705 kg, and produces 470.93 kN of thrust. The motor has a specific Impulse of 236 seconds in a vacuum environment. Variations Algol I, I-D, II, II-A, II-BA popular rating was 40KS-115,000 (52,000 kgf for 40 seconds), also known as Senior.

They were initially developed as the first-stage of propulsion for the Scout rocket, with the design being based on the UGM-27 Polaris, a submarine-launched ballistic missile developed for the United States Navy at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Aerojet
Aerojet was an American rocket and missile propulsion manufacturer based primarily in Rancho Cordova, California, with divisions in Redmond, Washington, Orange and Gainesville in Virginia, and Camden, Arkansas. Aerojet was owned by GenCorp, Inc., In 2013, Aerojet was merged by GenCorp with the former Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne to form Aerojet Rocketdyne.
Waterperry Wood
Waterperry Wood is a 137-hectare (340-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) east of Oxford in Oxfordshire. It is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade I, and is owned and managed by the Forestry Commission.

This wood has been designated an SSSI because it contains a diverse and important insect fauna, with many nationally uncommon and rare species. There are nineteen species of nationally uncommon hoverflies, including five which are listed in the British Red Data Book of Insects, many nationally uncommon beetles, thirty butterfly species and several rare moths.

A Nature Conservation Review
A Nature Conservation Review is a two-volume work by Derek Ratcliffe, published by Cambridge University Press in 1977. It set out to identify the most important places for nature conservation in Great Britain. It is often known by the initials NCR, and sites listed in it are termed "NCR sites".

The approach adopted by Ratcliffe was adapted and applied to the selection of sites important for geological conservation in the Geological Conservation Review. A Marine Nature Conservation Review has also been published.

Volume 1 set out the rationale and methods used, and gave descriptions of the major habitat types.

Volume 2 consisted entirely of a site inventory. Sites were grouped into six major habitat types:

Coastal sites - 135 sites

Woodlands - 234 sites

Lowland grasslands, heaths and scrub - 159 sites

Open waters - 99 sites

Peatlands - 116 sites

Upland grasslands and heaths - 101 sites
Chatenay v Brazilian Submarine Telegraph Company Ltd
Chatenay v Brazilian Submarine Telegraph Company Ltd [1891] QB 79 is a judicial decision of the English Court of Appeal relating to the conflict of laws, and specifically which law should govern the validity of a transfer of property where the transfer was executed by an agent.

The Court of Appeal had to determine whether the validity of the transfer was a matter for Brazilian law (being the law which governed the grant of the power of attorney), or English law (being the law of the place where the agent contracted to sell the relevant property).  The Court of Appeal held that the proper law to determine that issue was English law.

English law
English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures. The judiciary is independent, and legal principles like fairness, equality before the law, and the right to a fair trial are foundational to the system.
Country Inn & Suites
Country Inn & Suites is an upper midscale hotel chain founded in 1986 by Carlson Holdings. Competing brands in the upper midscale segment include Hampton by Hilton, Holiday Inn Express, Best Western Plus, and Fairfield by Marriott.

Hampton by Hilton
Hampton by Hilton is an American chain of hotels trademarked by Hilton Worldwide. The Hampton hotel brand is a chain of moderately priced, budget to midscale limited service hotels with limited food and beverage facilities. Most Hampton hotels are independently owned and operated by franchisees, though a few are managed by Hilton. Hampton by Hilton is one of the largest hotel franchises in the U.S. As of March 2024, the Hampton franchise includes 3,000 hotels in 40 countries and territories.
Morrill N. Drew
Morrill N. Drew (May 17, 1862 – September 25, 1917) was an American corporate lawyer, businessperson, and politician from Maine. A Republican from Portland, Drew served two terms in the Maine House of Representatives (1903 – 1906). In his second term, he was elected Speaker.

In 1891, he was a founding member of the Maine State Bar Association.

His former home, the Morrill N. Drew House, is located at 143 Vaughan Street near Portland's Western Promenade. It was commissioned by the Drew family and designed by local architect John Calvin Stevens, who also designed many of the other mansions in the neighborhood. He died in the home in September 1917. The building was restored in 2011 and honored with an award in 2012 by Maine Preservation.

Western Promenade
The Western Promenade is a historic promenade, an 18.1-acre (7.3 ha) public park and recreation area in the  West End neighborhood of Portland, Maine.  Developed between 1836 and the early 20th century, it is one Portland's oldest preserved spaces, with landscaping by the Olmsted Brothers, who included it in their master plan for the city's parks.  The promenade was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.
Marrakesh VIP Treaty
The Marrakesh VIP Treaty (formally the Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons who are Blind, Visually Impaired or Otherwise Print Disabled, colloquially Marrakesh Treaty or MVT) is a treaty on copyright adopted in Marrakesh, Morocco, on 27 June 2013. It achieved the deposit of 20 instruments of ratification or accession by eligible parties needed for entry into force on June 30, 2016 and entered into force three months later, on September 30, 2016. As of April 14, 2025, the treaty has 101 contracting parties covering 127 WIPO Member States because the European Union joined as a block.

Large-print
Large-print (also large-type or large-font) refers to the formatting of a book or other text document in which the font size is considerably larger than usual to accommodate people who have low vision. Frequently the medium is also increased in size to accommodate the larger text.  Special-needs libraries and many public libraries will stock large-print versions of books, along with versions written in Braille.

The font size for large print is typically at least 18 points in size, equivalent to 24px for a web CSS font size. Different sizes are made to suit different visual needs, with a common rule of thumb to be at least twice the minimum acuity size.
Alex Maughan
Alex Maughan (born April 24, 1995) is an American rugby union player who plays in the front row for Rugby FC Los Angeles in Major League Rugby (MLR). He also represents America playing for the United States men's national team.

Maughan has previously played for Life University, the USA Selects, and the USA Men's Collegiate All-Americans.

Major League Rugby
Major League Rugby (MLR) is a professional rugby union competition in the United States. The league comprises 6 teams. While operating outside of the governance and oversight of the national governing body, the league is officially sanctioned by USA Rugby—a member union of Rugby Americas North (RAN)—and is consequently part of World Rugby.

MLR was founded in 2017 and is headquartered in Dallas, Texas. The league began its first season in 2018 with seven teams. MLR has since expanded, reaching an all-time high of thirteen teams in the 2022 season, including one team in Canada. Twelve teams competed in the 2024 season.

In 2020, Major League Rugby implemented its first collegiate MLR Draft in 2020 and its teams began forming youth academies.
Berry Siltstone
Berry Siltstone is a sedimentary rock from the Shoalhaven Group, occurring in the Sydney Basin in eastern Australia. Heavy yellow clay soils form from this strata. Consisting mostly of siltstone, it may be seen in areas such as the Southern Highlands, Illawarra and at the base of the Grose Valley. Berry Siltstone was laid down on the ocean floor in the Permian around 260 million years ago, when this location was situated at the South Pole.

Grose Valley
The Grose Valley, officially Grose Gorge is a rugged valley in the Blue Mountains, New South Wales, Australia. It has been formed by the Grose River, the headwaters of which are in the Mount Victoria area. The valley is located between the Great Western Highway and Bells Line of Road, the two major routes across the Blue Mountains. The majority of the valley falls within the Blue Mountains National Park.
Machhegaun
Machhegaun (Sanskrit: मच्छेगाऊं) is a village and former Village Development Committee that is now part of Chandragiri Municipality in Kathmandu District in Province No. 3 of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,871.

Kathmandu District
Kathmandu District (Nepali: काठमाडौं जिल्लाListenⓘ; Nepal Bhasa: ये: जिल्ला) is a district located in Kathmandu Valley, Bagmati Province of Nepal. It is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal, covers an area of 413.69 km2 (159.73 sq mi), and is the most densely populated district of Nepal with 10,81,845 inhabitants in 2001, 17,44,240 in 2011 and 20,41,587 in 2021. The administrative headquarters of Kathmandu district is located in Kathmandu. The city has 21 post offices which handle mail from across the country and beyond, with Kathmandu DPO having 44,600 as its postal code for international mail delivery services like UPS or DHL Couriers etc.
1935 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final
The 1935 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final was the 48th All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1935 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland.

Cavan won by four points after Kildare centre-back Jack Higgins was injured. The Lilywhites (Kildare) would not reach the All-Ireland SFC final again for another sixty-three years. They also lost that final, this time to Galway, in 1998.

Galway county football team
The Galway county football team (/ˈɡɔːlweɪ/ GAWL-way) represents Galway in men's Gaelic football and is governed by Galway GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Connacht Senior Football Championship and the National Football League.

Galway's home ground is Pearse Stadium, Salthill. The team's manager is Pádraic Joyce.

Galway was the first Connacht county to win an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC). It has nine All-Ireland SFCs, the third highest total after Kerry and Dublin. It won three consecutive All-Ireland SFCs in the mid-1960s and, from 1998 onwards, two All-Ireland SFC titles in four years. The team last won the Connacht Senior Championship in 2025, the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship in 2001 and the National League in 1981.
My Future Boyfriend
My Future Boyfriend is a television film starring Sara Rue and Barry Watson. It premiered on ABC Family on April 10, 2011.  It is directed by Michael Lange. The screenplay was written by James Orr.

The film begins in the 32nd century, where the concept of love has been forgotten by humanity. A man decides to time travel to the year 2011 in order to investigate the concepts described in 21st-century romance novels. He finds himself in love with a female novelist.

James Orr (filmmaker)
James Joseph Orr (born March 23, 1953) is a Canadian writer, director and producer of motion pictures. Orr's screenplay credits include Three Men and a Baby, Tough Guys and Sister Act 2: Back in the Habit, whilst his director credits include Mr. Destiny and Man of the House.
Christine Wolf (golfer)
Christine Wolf (born 5 March 1989) is an Austrian professional golfer.

Wolf is a graduate of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga.

Wolf turned professional in 2012 and played on the LET Access Series from 2012 to 2013, winning one event. She has played on the Ladies European Tour since 2014.

In 2015, Wolf finished runner-up to Holly Clyburn at the NSW Women's Open, an ALPG Tour event.

Wolf qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics, finishing in the 43rd place.

LET Access Series
The LET Access Series (LETAS) is a professional golf tour for women and the official development tour to the Ladies European Tour.

Launched in 2010, the LET Access Series provides players with an opportunity to compete and progress on to the LET. Eligible for membership are all female professional golfers and amateurs over 18 with a handicap of 2 or better.
Bubel-Łukowiska
Bubel-Łukowiska [ˈbubɛl wukɔˈvʲiska] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Janów Podlaski, within Biała Podlaska County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, close to the border with Belarus.

Lublin Voivodeship
Lublin Voivodeship (Polish: województwo lubelskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ luˈbɛlskʲɛ] ⓘ) is a voivodeship (province) of Poland, located in the southeastern part of the country, with its capital being the city of Lublin.

The region is named after its largest city and regional capital, Lublin, and its territory is made of four historical lands: the western and central part of the voivodeship, with Lublin itself, belongs to Lesser Poland, the eastern part of Lublin Area belongs to Cherven Cities/Red Ruthenia, and the northeast belongs to Polesie and Podlasie.
Lublin Voivodeship borders Subcarpathian Voivodeship to the south, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship to the south-west, Masovian Voivodeship to the west and north, Podlaskie Voivodeship along a short boundary to the north, Belarus (Brest Region) and Ukraine (Lviv and Volyn Regions) to the east. The region's population as of 2024 was 1,996,440. It covers an area of 25,155 square kilometres (9,712 sq mi).
No Pants Day
No Pants Day is an annual event in various countries that became more widely celebrated in the 2000s. It is most often observed on the first Friday in May and involves publicly wearing only undergarments on the lower part of the body, not nudity. Except for making people laugh, the holiday typically serves no other purpose or agenda, but some organizers later used it to raise social issues.

Holiday
A holiday is a day or other period of time set aside for festivals or recreation. Public holidays are set by public authorities and vary by state or region. Religious holidays are set by religious organisations for their members and are often also observed as public holidays in religious majority countries. Some religious holidays, such as Christmas, have become secularised by part or all of those who observe them. In addition to secularisation, many holidays have become commercialised due to the growth of industry.

Holidays can be thematic, celebrating or commemorating particular groups, events, or ideas, or non-thematic, days of rest that do not have any particular meaning. In Commonwealth English, the term can refer to any period of rest from work, such as vacations or school holidays. In American English, "the holidays" typically refers to the period from Thanksgiving to New Year's (late November to January 1), which contains many important holidays in American culture.
2012 Copa de la Reina de Balonmano
The 2012 Copa de la Reina de Balonmano was the 33rd edition of the Spanish women's handball national cup, running between 12 and 15 April 2012 in Altea. SD Itxako defeated BM Bera Bera in the final to win its third title in a row.

Altea
Altea (Valencian: [alˈtea], Spanish: [alˈtea]) is a city and municipality located in the Valencian Community, Spain, on the section of Mediterranean coast called the Costa Blanca.

At present, the economy of Altea is based on tourism, which started to grow in the 1950s because of its good weather, beaches and the labyrinthine streets with whitewashed house-fronts that characterize the town. Altea is protected on the north by the bluffs of the Serra de Bèrnia, creating an especially mild microclimate. Its seafront esplanade is planted with palms.

The city is notable for being residence of a number of affluent Russian migrants.
2012 Aegon Classic
The 2012 Aegon Classic was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 31st edition of the event. It took place at the Edgbaston Priory Club in Birmingham, United Kingdom, scheduled between 11 and 17 June 2012. Qualifier Melanie Oudin won the singles title.

Tara Moore
Tara Shanice Moore (born 6 August 1992) is an inactive Hong Kong-born British tennis player. She achieved career-high rankings by the WTA of 145 in singles and No. 77 in doubles. In her career, she won nine singles titles and 18 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.

As a junior, she was coached by the American tennis coach, Nick Bollettieri. In September 2006, he referred to Moore as one of the best young players in his school, the Bollettieri Tennis Academy, along with Michelle Larcher de Brito. Her coach was Charles Homewood. Her favourite surface is stated as being grass although most of her titles to date have come on hardcourt.

Moore is currently serving a four-year competition ban set to end in December 2027 for an anti-doping rule violation relating to a failed test in 2022.
Samuel Joseph Mackie
Samuel Joseph Mackie FGS, FSA (21 January 1823 – 31 May 1902), was a British geologist, inventor, and editor. He was a founding member of the Geologists' Association and the Anthropological Society of London, and sole editor of The Geologist: a Popular Monthly Magazine of Geology, a precursor to the Geological Magazine. He and his partners patented the Tonite (explosive).
Born in Dover to Samuel and Eleanor Mackie, he married Maria Kemp on 4 December 1845, and after her death married Susan Arabella in October, 1853. He edited The Geologist from 1858 to 1864, at which point it was acquired by Lovell Reeve & Co. The next year he established the Geological and Natural History Repertory, which folded in 1869.

Geologists' Association
The Geologists' Association, founded in 1858, is a British organisation with charitable status for those concerned with the study of geology. It publishes the Proceedings of the Geologists' Association
and jointly with the Geological Society of London, Geology Today.
1991 Australian Men's Hardcourt Championships – Doubles
Andrew Castle and Nduka Odizor were the defending champions, but did not participate together this year.  Castle partnered Roger Smith, losingin the quarterfinals.  Odizor partnered Cyril Suk, losing in the quarterfinals.

Wayne Ferreira and Stefan Kruger won the title, defeating Paul Haarhuis and Mark Koevermans 6–4, 4–6, 6–4 in the final.

Wayne Ferreira
Wayne Richard Ferreira (born 15 September 1971) is a South African  tennis coach and a former professional player. Ferreira won 15 ATP singles titles and 11 doubles titles. His career-high rankings were world No. 6 in singles (in May 1995) and world No. 9 in doubles (in March 2001).