hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ermin Way
Ermin Street or Ermin Way was a Roman road in Britain. It linked Glevum (Gloucester) and Corinium (Cirencester) to Calleva (Silchester).

At Glevum it connected to the road to Isca (Caerleon), the legionary base in southeast Wales. At Corinium it connected to the Fosse Way between Isca (Exeter) and Lindum (Lincoln). At Calleva it connected to the Devil's Highway to Londinium (London) and the Kentish ports, as well as to other routes to points in the southwest.

The road has been assigned the Margary number 41. Much of its route is now covered by the modern A417, A419 and B4000 roads.

In 2024, a previously unknown Roman town between Gloucester and Cirencester was uncovered during construction work on the A417.

Glevum
51°52′01″N 2°14′56″W﻿ / ﻿51.867°N 2.249°W﻿ / 51.867; -2.249

Glevum (or, more formally, Colonia Nervia Glevensium, or occasionally Glouvia) was originally a Roman fort in Roman Britain that became a "colonia" of retired legionaries in AD 97. Today, it is known as Gloucester, in the English county of Gloucestershire. The name Glevum is taken by many present-day businesses in the area and also by the 26-mile Glevum Way, a long-distance footpath or recreational walk encircling modern Gloucester.
MiR-138
miR-138 is a family of microRNA precursors found in animals, including humans. MicroRNAs are typically transcribed as ~70 nucleotide precursors and subsequently processed by the Dicer enzyme to give a ~22 nucleotide product. The excised region or, mature product, of the miR-138 precursor is the microRNA mir-138.

miR-138 has been used as an example of the post-transcriptional regulation of miRNA, due to the finding that while the precursor is expressed ubiquitously, the mature product is found only in specific cell types.

Post-transcriptional regulation
Post-transcriptional regulation is the control of gene expression at the RNA level.The information in DNA is converted in to mRNA  and this newly synthesized mRNA undergo a series of modifications before the information in mRNA is converted in to functional protein, this phenomenon is known as Post-transcriptional regulation. It occurs once the RNA polymerase has been attached to the gene's promoter and is synthesizing the RNA sequence by the process known as transcription and, therefore it is named as post transcriptional regulation. Post-transcriptional regulation significantly affects transcript level, function, structure and expression of final proteins.

Importance

These controls are critical for the regulation of many genes across human tissues. It also plays a big role in cell physiology, being implicated in pathologies such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
Alpha & Omega Recording
Alpha & Omega Recording is the San Rafael, California, recording studio of American music producer Sandy Pearlman.

Alpha & Omega Recording began in 1986, in Studio C at San Francisco's Hyde Street Studios, which Pearlman leased until 1991 from the studio's owner, Dan Alexander. It is now located at 150 Bellam Street in San Rafael, California.  The studio offers 72-track analog recording facilities with a Trident 52-channel console and a Pro Tools digital system for recording, editing, and mixing.

Notable artists who have recorded or mixed sounds at Alpha & Omega include Blue Öyster Cult, Joe Satriani, Forbidden Evil, Angel Corpus Christi, World Entertainment War, Dysfunctional Family, Mystical Fullmoon, Exodus, Katharine Chase, Jennifer McKitrick, Digital Underground, John Hammond, the Obsessed, Todd Phillips, Vio-lence, Howard Wales, Patsy Moore, and Manapsara.

Todd Phillips (musician)
Todd Phillips (born April 21, 1953) is an American double bassist. He has appeared on a number of acoustic instrumental and bluegrass recordings made since the mid-1970s. A two-time Grammy Award winner and founding member of the original David Grisman Quintet, Phillips has made a career of performing and recording with acoustic music artists.
Valerian Gribayedoff
Valerian Michaelovich Gribayedoff (Russian: Валериан Михайлович Грибоедов) (1858–1908) was a Russian journalist and illustrator. He is most famous for introducing illustrated drawings into newspapers and capturing some of the only photos during the trial for the Dreyfus Affair in 1897. He was born in Kronstadt, Russia in 1858, and many believed him to have been of noble birth, possibly related to Alexander Griboyedov. Educated in St. Petersburg, England, France, and Germany, he came later to America working as a journalist, rising to prominence by recreating drawings from photos to be included in the newspapers that were more lifelike than any others in the field. His only book, The French Invasion of Ireland in '98, was published in 1890. In 1897 he left the United States for Paris, covering the Dreyfus Affair. His last work for an American newspaper was covering the Russo-Japanese War as a correspondent in Siberia. He died in Lausanne, Switzerland in 1908.

Alexander Griboyedov
Alexander Sergeyevich Griboyedov (Russian: Александр Сергеевич Грибоедов, romanized: Aleksandr Sergeevich Griboedov; 15 January 1795 – 11 February 1829) was a Russian diplomat, playwright, poet, and composer. His one notable work is the 1823 verse comedy Woe from Wit. He was Russia's ambassador to Qajar Persia, where he and all the embassy staff were  massacred by an angry mob in the aftermath of the ratification of the Treaty of Turkmenchay (1828), which confirmed the cession to Russia of Persia's northern territories comprising Transcaucasia and parts of the North Caucasus. Griboyedov played a pivotal role in the ratification of the treaty. The immediate cause for the incident was Griboyedov giving refuge to Armenians who had escaped from the harems of the Persian shah and his son.
John M. Landrum
John Morgan Landrum (July 3, 1815 – October 7, 1861) was a Democratic U.S. Representative from Louisiana serving in the 36th Congress from 1859 to 1861.

Shortly after Louisiana seceded from the Union in January 1861, Landrum vacated his seat.

36th United States Congress
The 36th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1859, to March 4, 1861, during the third and fourth years of James Buchanan's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1850 United States census. The Senate had a Democratic majority, and the House had a Republican plurality.
Sawano
Sawano (written: 澤野) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Daichi Sawano (澤野 大地, born 1980), Japanese pole vaulter

Hiroyuki Sawano (澤野 弘之, born 1980), Japanese composer and musician

Mizue Sawano (born 1941), Japanese painter

Daichi Sawano
Daichi Sawano (澤野大地, Sawano Daichi; born 16 September 1980 in Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka and raised in Chiba Prefecture) is a Japanese pole vaulter.

His personal best is 5.83 metres, which is the current Japanese National Record (as of 2019/01/01) achieved in May 2005 in Shizuoka. Sawano is a three-time Olympian (2004, 2008, 2016), two-time Olympic Finalist, whose best finish was 7th at the Rio Olympics (2016).

Sawano is currently coached by the staff at the University of Japan (Nichidai) and USA Track and Field National Pole Vault Chair, Brian Yokoyama.  He was formerly coached by former Japanese record holder Teruyasu Yonekura and renown Japanese pole coach Yamazaki.
Rise of the Kasai
Rise of the Kasai is a 2005 action-adventure video game developed by BottleRocket Entertainment and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 2. The game serves as a sequel to The Mark of Kri, developed by San Diego Studio where employees at BottleRocket had previously worked. It was released only in North America. It was re-released on the PlayStation 4 via PlayStation Network in 2016.

San Diego Studio
San Diego Studio is an American video game developer of Sony Interactive Entertainment based in Sorrento Valley, San Diego. It is responsible for MLB: The Show games. The studio also developed the NBA series, The Mark of Kri, High Velocity Bowling, and Sports Champions.
Conditional gene knockout
Conditional gene knockout is a technique used to eliminate a specific gene in a certain tissue, such as the liver. This technique is useful to study the role of individual genes in living organisms. It differs from traditional gene knockout because it targets specific genes at specific times rather than being deleted from beginning of life. Using the conditional gene knockout technique eliminates many of the side effects from traditional gene knockout. In traditional gene knockout, embryonic death from a gene mutation can occur, and this prevents scientists from studying the gene in adults. Some tissues cannot be studied properly in isolation, so the gene must be inactive in a certain tissue while remaining active in others. With this technology, scientists are able to knockout genes at a specific stage in development and study how the knockout of a gene in one tissue affects the same gene in other tissues.

Embryo loss
Embryo loss (also known as embryo death) is the death of an embryo at any stage of its development which in humans, is between the second through eighth week after fertilization. Failed development of an embryo often results in the disintegration and assimilation of its tissue in the uterus, known as embryo resorption. Loss during the stages of prenatal development after organogenesis of the fetus generally results in the similar process of fetal resorption or miscarriage. Embryo loss often happens without an awareness of pregnancy, and an estimated 40 to 60% of all embryos do not survive.
David Pusey
David Pusey (born 28 January 1979 in Sydney, New South Wales) is a retired Australian rugby union footballer who played for the Brumbies and Western Force in the Super 14 competition and for Munster Rugby. He was educated at Newington College (1987–1996), is an Australian Schools and Under 21 international and is now a commercial helicopter pilot.

Western Force
The Western Force is an Australian professional rugby union team based in Perth, Western Australia, currently competing in Super Rugby Pacific. They previously played in Super Rugby from 2006 until they were axed from the competition in 2017. Following their axing they played in the National Rugby Championship in 2018 and 2019, replacing the Perth Spirit, and Global Rapid Rugby from 2018 to 2020, an Indo-Pacific competition organised by Andrew Forrest.

Following the cancellation of both the 2020 Super Rugby season and 2020 Global Rapid Rugby season due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Western Force were invited to compete in the 2020 Super Rugby AU season, a domestic competition organised by Rugby Australia to replace the cancelled Super Rugby season. The Force competed in the 2021 Super Rugby AU season and Super Rugby Trans-Tasman, before being confirmed that their return to Super Rugby will be permanent in the revamped 2022 Super Rugby Pacific season.
1995 Wimbledon Championships – Women's doubles
Jana Novotná and Arantxa Sánchez Vicario defeated the three-time defending champions Gigi Fernández and Natasha Zvereva in the final, 5–7, 7–5, 6–4 to win the ladies' doubles tennis title at the 1995 Wimbledon Championships.

Natasha Zvereva
Natalya "Natasha" Maratovna Zvereva (born 16 April 1971) is a former professional tennis player from Belarus. She was the first major athlete in the Soviet Union to demand publicly that she should be able to keep her tournament earnings. Zvereva and her main doubles partner Gigi Fernández are the most successful women's doubles team (measured by WTA Tour and major titles) since Martina Navratilova and Pam Shriver.

On 12 July 2010, Zvereva was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame alongside Fernández.
French ship Dupuy de Lôme
Three ships of the French Navy have borne the name Dupuy de Lôme in honour of Henri Dupuy de Lôme:

French cruiser Dupuy de Lôme, an armoured cruiser of 1887

French submarine Dupuy de Lôme, a submarine of 1916
Dupuy de Lôme-class submarine

French ship Dupuy de Lôme (A759), an intelligence ship of 2006

Dupuy de Lôme-class submarine
The Dupuy de Lôme class consisted of two submarines built for the French Navy during World War I. Commissioned in 1916, they did not enter service until 1918. Both boats were re-engined with diesels taken from ex-German U-boats during the mid-1920s. They were sold for scrap in 1938.
Daniel Bernstein
Daniel Bernstein is a composer for video games and movies. Born in Leningrad in the Soviet Union (now part of Russia), he received a B.S. in computer science and an M.A. in music composition from the University of Virginia. Bernstein started in games in 1996 "working in development and sound design". He has also worked as a composer for Monolith Productions where he collaborated with Guy Whitmore on titles such as Blood and Claw. Outside of video games, he also wrote the soundtrack for short movies (Kansas in 1998 and Maid of Honor in 1999).

Changing career, he joined WildTangent as the Director of Product Strategy, and later left in 2002 to create Sandlot Games.

While still acting as Sandlot's CEO, he returned to composition with the soundtrack to The Penitent Man in 2010.

WildTangent
Gamigo Inc., doing business as WildTangent, is an American video game developer based in Round Rock, Texas. WildTangent was founded in 1998, and was acquired by the German games company Gamigo in April 2019.
Bradford, Chickasaw County, Iowa
Bradford is an unincorporated community in Chickasaw County, Iowa, United States.

Originally founded as a Native American trading post, Bradford grew into the county seat of Chickasaw County, before losing its courthouse, post office, and most of its residents. Bradford remains the site of a history museum and the Little Brown Church, the inspiration for the 1857 song, "The Church in the Wildwood".

Nashua, Iowa
Nashua is a city in Chickasaw County and Floyd County, Iowa, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city's population was 1,551, a 6.7% decrease from 2010. The famed Little Brown Church featured in the song "The Church in the Wildwood" is located in Nashua.
1836–37 United States Senate elections
The 1836–37 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1836 and 1837, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.

In this election cycle, the Jacksonian coalition emerged as the Democratic Party, and the Adams, or Anti-Jackson, coalition emerged as the Whig Party.

John S. Spence
John Selby Spence (February 29, 1788 – October 24, 1840) was an American politician.

Born near Snow Hill, Maryland, Spence attended the common schools and graduated from the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia in 1809 and practiced in Worcester County, Maryland.  Spence served as a member of both the Maryland House of Delegates and as a member of the Maryland State Senate.  In 1822, Spence was elected to the Eighteenth Congress, and served from March 4, 1823, to March 3, 1825.  He was again elected as an Anti-Jacksonian in 1830 to the Twenty-second Congress, and served from March 4, 1831, to March 3, 1833.

In 1836, Spence was elected as an Anti-Jacksonian (later Whig) to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Robert H. Goldsborough.  He was reelected in 1837, and served from December 31, 1836, until his death near Berlin, Maryland, in 1840.  He is interred in the Episcopal Churchyard.
Wilhelm Magnus
Hans Heinrich Wilhelm Magnus, known as Wilhelm Magnus (5 February 1907 in Berlin, Germany – 15 October 1990 in New Rochelle, New York), was a German-American mathematician. He made important contributions in combinatorial group theory, Lie algebras, mathematical physics, elliptic functions, and the study of tessellations.

Combinatorial group theory
In mathematics, combinatorial group theory is the theory of free groups, and the concept of a presentation of a group by generators and relations. It is much used in geometric topology, the fundamental group of a simplicial complex having in a natural and geometric way such a presentation.
A very closely related topic is geometric group theory, which today largely subsumes combinatorial group theory, using techniques from outside combinatorics besides.

It also comprises a number of algorithmically insoluble problems, most notably the word problem for groups; and the classical Burnside problem.
Claude Tudor
Claude K. Tudor Jr. is a United States Air Force major general who has served as the commander of Special Operations Command Africa since June 3, 2025. He most recently served as the director for operations and cyber of United States Africa Command from 2023 to 2025. He most recently served as the commander of Combined Special Operations Joint Task Force-Levant. Prior to that, he served as the Chief of Staff of the Pacific Air Forces. Previously, he served as the Director of Air Force Resilience of the United States Air Force and, prior to that, he was the Commander of the 24th Special Operations Wing.

In March 2023, Tudor was nominated for promotion to major general.

Special Operations Command Africa
Special Operations Command Africa (SOCAFRICA) is a subordinate unified command of United States Special Operations Command, operationally controlled by U.S. Africa Command, collocated with USAFRICOM at Kelley Barracks, Stuttgart-Möhringen, Germany. IT was activated on 1 October 2008 and became fully operationally capable on 1 October 2009. Also on 1 October 2008, SOCAFRICA assumed responsibility for the Special Operations Command and Control Element – Horn of Africa, and on 15 May 2009, SOCAFRICA assumed responsibility for Joint Special Operations Task Force Trans – Sahara (JSOTF-TS) – the SOF component of Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara.
Institute for National Security Studies (Israel)
The Institute for National Security Studies (INSS) is an independent think tank affiliated with Tel Aviv University in Israel that conducts research and analysis of national security matters such as military and strategic affairs, terrorism and low intensity conflict, military balance in the Middle East, and cyber warfare.

It is considered Israel's leading security think tank.

Low-intensity conflict
A low-intensity conflict (LIC) is a military conflict, usually localised, between two or more state or non-state groups which is below the intensity of conventional war. It involves the state's use of military forces applied selectively and with restraint to enforce compliance with its policies or objectives.

The term can be used to describe conflicts where at least one or both of the opposing parties operate along such lines.
Prado Dam
Prado Dam is an earth-fill dry dam across the Santa Ana River at the Chino Hills near Corona, California in Riverside County with the resulting impounded water creating Prado Flood Control Basin reservoir. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers built the dam in Lower Santa Ana River Canyon. Its primary purpose is flood control and it is the downstream element of the Santa Ana River's flood control system, which is a natural constriction about 30.5 mi (49.1 km) upstream from the ocean. The area upstream from the dam contains 2,255 sq mi (5,840 km2) of the watershed's 2,650 sq mi (6,900 km2). The dam's construction was authorized in 1936 and the flood of 1938 demonstrated its necessity. Construction was completed in 1941. Prado Flood Control Basin also provides water storage for groundwater recharge operations.

Dry dam
A dry dam is a dam constructed for the purpose of flood control.  Dry dams typically contain no gates or turbines, and are intended to allow the channel to flow freely during normal conditions.  During periods of intense rainfall that would otherwise cause floods, the dam holds back the excess water, releasing it downstream at a controlled rate.

Development of dry dams was pioneered by the Miami Conservancy District which built five such dams on tributaries to the Great Miami River to prevent flooding of the Miami Valley and Dayton, Ohio.
2018 Mutua Madrid Open – Men's singles
Alexander Zverev defeated Dominic Thiem in the final, 6–4, 6–4 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2018 Madrid Open. He did not lose a set en route to the title, and did not have his serve broken throughout the entire tournament.

Rafael Nadal was the defending champion, but lost to Thiem in the quarterfinals in a rematch of the previous year's final. His defeat ended a 50-set winning streak on clay, the longest single-surface set-winning streak in the Open Era.

Despite his withdrawal from the clay court season, Roger Federer regained the ATP No. 1 singles ranking as Nadal failed to defend his title.

Dušan Lajović
Dušan Lajović (Serbian Cyrillic: Душан Лајовић; born 30 June 1990) is a Serbian professional tennis player. On 29 April 2019, he reached his career-high singles ranking of world No. 23. On 21 September 2020, he peaked at No. 82 in the doubles rankings. Lajović has won two singles and two doubles titles on the ATP Tour.

He won his first singles tournament at the 2019 Croatia Open and reached his first Masters 1000 final at the 2019 Monte-Carlo Masters. He is best known for his clay court game, kick serve and strong flowing groundstrokes, especially his one-handed backhand.  Lajović regularly represents Serbia in team competitions, after playing in the now defunct World Team Cup in 2010 and 2011. He is a member of the Serbian Davis Cup team since 2012 and contributed greatly to Serbia winning the inaugural ATP Cup in 2020, as he won four of his six matches. He also qualified for the 2024 Paris Olympics.
Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway
The Spokane, Portland & Seattle Railway (SP&S; reporting mark SPS) was a railroad in the northwest United States. Incorporated in 1905, it was a joint venture by the Great Northern Railway and the Northern Pacific Railway to build a railroad along the north bank of the Columbia River. The railroad later built or acquired other routes in Oregon. The SP&S was merged into the Burlington Northern in March 1970. Remnants of the line are currently operated by BNSF Railway and the Portland and Western Railroad.

Northwest Railway Museum
The Northwest Railway Museum (NRM) is a railroad museum in Snoqualmie, King County, Washington. It incorporates a heritage railway, historic depot, exhibit hall, library, and collection care center, and serves more than 130,000 visitors per year.

The heritage railway incorporates 5.5 miles of the line built in 1889 by the Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway (SLS&E). The construction of this line was part of an attempt to build over Snoqualmie Pass and on to Walla Walla, Washington. The SLS&E was part of Seattle's response to the Northern Pacific selecting Tacoma as their western terminus. The SLS&E was later purchased by the Northern Pacific in 1901.
NOAAS Bell M. Shimada
NOAAS Bell M. Shimada (R 227) is an American fisheries research ship in commission with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) since 2010. She operates along the United States West Coast.

The ship was named by students at Marina High School in Marina, California, who won a NOAA vessel-naming contest held as part of an educational outreach program. The ship's namesake, Bell M. Shimada (1922-1958), served with the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, and was known for his studies of tropical Pacific tuna stocks.

Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission
The Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (abbreviated IATTC) (Sp.: Comisión Interamericana del Atún Tropical) is a tuna regional fishery management organisation responsible for the conservation and management of tuna and other marine resources in the eastern Pacific Ocean.