hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Viive Noor
Viive Noor (born 7 October 1955) is an Estonian illustrator and curator.

In 1981, she graduated from State Art Institute of the Estonian SSR in fashion design and graphic art.

She is the founder and organizer of Tallinn Illustrations Triennial "The Power of Pictures" (2003, 2006, 2009, 2013, 2017).

She is working as a curator at the Estonian Children's Literature Centre.

She is a member of several organizations, including Estonian Artists' Association, Estonian Graphic Designers' Association.

Estonian Artists' Association
The Estonian Artists Association (abbreviated EAA; Estonian: Eesti Kunstnike Liit) is organization that connects artists in Estonia. The EAA's primary functions are "participating in cultural policymaking and sectoral development activities, protecting the interests of artists, curators, art historians and theorists as well as other art workers, and promoting their working conditions."

In 2025, the president is Maarin Ektermann. He took over from Elin Kard.

Every year the EAA holds the Annual Exhibition of Estonian Artists' Association.

The precursors of the EAA were the Central Association of Estonian Artists (established in 1922), the Estonian Soviet Artists Association (1943), and the Artists Association of the Estonian SSR (1957).

The EAA has several suborganizations, such as the Estonian Painters' Association (Estonian: Eesti Maalikunstnike Liit).
Eelco Sintnicolaas
Eelco Sintnicolaas (Dutch: [ˈeːlkoː sɪntˈnikoːlaːs]; born 7 April 1987) is a Dutch track and field athlete, specialising in the decathlon.

His personal best in the decathlon is a score of 8,052 points at the Götzis Meeting in 2009. That same year he earned a gold medal at the U23 European Championships, with 8,112 points, whereas his best result was a silver medal at the 2010 European Championships in Athletics in Barcelona with 8,436 points. At the Götzis Meeting in 2012 he finished second with personal best result 8,506 pts.

He cleared 8,000 points at the 2013 Decastar meeting, taking third place with a total of 8,018.

2010 European Athletics Championships
The 2010 European Athletics Championships were the 20th edition of the European Athletics Championships, organised under the supervision of the European Athletic Association. They were held at the Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain from 27 July to 1 August 2010. Barcelona was the first Spanish city to host the European Championships.

Barni was the mascot of the event, he was the main promotional tool of the Championship. His name comes from Barna and was designed by the workshop Dortoka.
Torsion bar suspension
A torsion bar suspension, also known as a torsion spring suspension, is any vehicle suspension that uses a torsion bar as its main weight-bearing spring. One end of a long metal bar is attached firmly to the vehicle chassis; the opposite end terminates in a lever, the torsion key, mounted perpendicular to the bar, that is attached to a suspension arm, a spindle, or the axle. Vertical motion of the wheel causes the bar to twist around its axis and is resisted by the bar's torsion resistance. The effective spring rate of the bar is determined by its length, cross section, shape, material, and manufacturing process.

Vehicle frame
A vehicle frame, also historically known as its chassis, is the main supporting structure of a motor vehicle to which all other components are attached, comparable to the skeleton of an organism.

Until the 1930s, virtually every car had a structural frame separate from its body, known as body-on-frame construction. Both mass production of completed vehicles by a manufacturer using this method, epitomized by the Ford Model T, and supply of rolling chassis to coachbuilders for both mass production (as by Fisher Body in the United States) and to smaller firms (such as Hooper) for bespoke bodies and interiors was practiced.

By the 1960s, unibody construction in passenger cars had become common, and the trend towards building unibody passenger cars continued over the ensuing decades.

Nearly all trucks and buses, and most pickups continue to use a separate frame as their chassis.
Cartoons on the Bay
Cartoons on the Bay is an international festival held in Italy dedicated to television, film and transmedia animation, organised by the public service broadcaster RAI. Its purpose is to promote the activity of authors and producers from all over the world, offering an opportunity to meet with buyers, distributors and television managers. The Pulcinella Awards are presented at the festival for excellence in animation production.

The festival has been staged in various locations, including Amalfi, Salerno, Rapallo, Santa Margherita Ligure, Portofino, Positano, Venice and Turin.

Portofino
Portofino (Italian pronunciation: [ˌpɔrtoˈfiːno]; Ligurian: Portofin [ˌpɔɾtuˈfiŋ]) is a comune located in the Metropolitan City of Genoa on the Italian Riviera. The town is clustered around its small harbour, and is known for the colourfully painted buildings that line the shore. Since the late 19th century, Portofino has attracted tourism of the European aristocracy and it is now a resort for the world's jet set.
Atkinsoniella
Atkinsoniella is a genus of leafhoppers. Nearly 102 species are known in the genus and most of these species are distributed in the Oriental and Palearctic Realms. They are polyphagous and found mainly in high rainfall regions. They are light coloured with contrasting black markings and red, yellow, green, or orange markings. They are polymorphic and sexually dimorphic making identification by sight difficult.

The generic name honours the entomologist Edwin Felix Thomas Atkinson (1840–1890).

Edwin Felix Thomas Atkinson
Edwin Felix Thomas  Atkinson, (6 September 1840 – 15 September 1890) was an Irish lawyer in the Indian Civil Service who contributed in his spare time collecting insects and contributing to entomology.
Matsukawa Station
Matsukawa Station (松川駅, Matsukawa-eki) is a railway station in the city of Fukushima, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East). It is also a freight depot for the Japan Freight Railway Company (JR Freight)

Japan Freight Railway Company
Japan Freight Railway Company (日本貨物鉄道株式会社, Nippon Kamotsu Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha), or JR Freight (JR貨物, Jeiāru Kamotsu), is one of the seven constituent companies of Japan Railways Group (JR Group). It provides transportation of cargo nationwide throughout Japan. Its headquarters are in Shibuya, Tokyo near Shinjuku Station.

The Japan Railways Group was founded on 1 April 1987, when Japanese National Railways (JNR) was privatized. Japanese National Railways was divided into six regional passenger rail companies and a single freight railway company, Japan Freight Railway Company.

The company has only about 50 kilometers (31 mi) of track of its own, and therefore operates on track owned by the six JR passenger railways as well as other companies which provide rail transport in Japan.
Dolgy Island
Dolgy Island (Russian: остров До́лгий, lit. 'Long Island') is an island in the Pechora Sea, northwest of the Khaypudyr Bay. The landscape of the island is relatively flat with small lakes and tundra patches.

This island should not be confused with other islands called "Dolgy", one of which is located in the Barents Sea itself in the bay southeast of Khodovarikha and the other in Karelia. Dikson Island was also formerly called "Dolgy".

Tundra
In physical geography, a tundra (/ˈtʌndrə, ˈtʊn-/) is a type of biome where tree growth is hindered by frigid temperatures and short growing seasons. There are three regions and associated types of tundra: Arctic, Alpine, and Antarctic.

Tundra vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges, grasses, mosses, and lichens. Scattered trees grow in some tundra regions. The ecotone (or ecological boundary region) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline. The tundra soil is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus. The soil also contains large amounts of biomass and decomposed biomass that has been stored as methane and carbon dioxide in the permafrost, making the tundra soil a carbon sink. As global warming heats the ecosystem and causes soil thawing, the permafrost carbon cycle accelerates and releases much of these soil-contained greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, creating a feedback cycle that contributes to climate change.
Ulpian's life table
Ulpian's life table is an ancient Roman annuities table. It is known through a passage, originating from the jurist Aemilius Macer, preserved in edited form in Justinian's Digest. The table appears to provide a rough outline of ancient Roman life expectancy. Although it is not clear what population the table refers to, or how its data was gathered, Richard Duncan-Jones has suggested that it refers to slaves and ex-slaves, who were often the object of testamentary maintenance grants.

Aemilius Macer probably lived in the 230s AD. He records the table in his systematic commentary on the lex Julia de vicesima hereditatium, an Augustan law of 6 AD that put a 5 percent tax on inheritances. Despite its many numbers, the fragment does not appear to be afflicted by any serious textual corruption.

Inheritance tax
International tax law distinguishes between an estate tax and an inheritance tax. An inheritance tax is a tax paid by a person who inherits money or property of a person who has died, whereas an estate tax is a levy on the estate (money and property) of a person who has died. However, this distinction is not always observed; for example, the UK's "inheritance tax" is a tax on the assets of the deceased, and strictly speaking is therefore an estate tax. Inheritance taxes vary widely between countries.
Postage stamps and postal history of Uganda
This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Uganda.

Uganda is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered on the east by Kenya, on the north by South Sudan, on the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the southwest by Rwanda, and on the south by Tanzania. The southern part of the country includes a substantial portion of Lake Victoria, which is also bordered by Kenya and Tanzania.

Postal history
Postal history is the study of postal systems and how they operate and, or, the study of the use of postage stamps and covers and associated postal artifacts illustrating historical episodes in the development of postal systems. The term is attributed to Robson Lowe, a professional philatelist, stamp dealer and stamp auctioneer, who made the first organised study of the subject in the 1930s and described philatelists as "students of science", but postal historians as "students of humanity".  More precisely, philatelists describe postal history as the study of rates, routes, markings, and means (of transport).
Back vowel
Back vowels are vowel sounds articulated with the primary tongue constriction (the highest point of the tongue body) located toward the back of the oral cavity, near the velum (or in some cases further back in the vocal tract toward the pharynx), relative to front and central vowels.

Back vowels are common across languages. In the PHOIBLE 2.0 convenience sample of phonological inventories, [u] and [o] are among the most frequently listed vowel segments, occurring in 88% and 60% of inventories in the sample, respectively. Back vowels are often, but not always, rounded: cross-linguistically, non-low back vowels are commonly rounded (e.g. [u o]), while low vowels are often unrounded; front rounded vowels and back unrounded vowels also occur, but are less common.

Vocal tract
The vocal tract or speech apparatus is the cavity in mammals and in birds where the sound produced at the sound source (larynx in mammals; syrinx in birds) is filtered.

In mammals, it consists of the laryngeal cavity, the pharynx, the oral cavity, and the nasal cavity. In birds, it consists of the trachea, the syrinx, the oral cavity, the upper part of the esophagus, and the beak.

The estimated average length of the vocal tract in men is 16.9 cm and 14.1 cm in women.
Joseph Calasanz
Joseph Calasanz Sch.P. (Catalan: Josep de Calassanç; Spanish: José de Calasanz; Italian: Giuseppe Calasanzio; September 11, 1557 – August 25, 1648), also known as Joseph Calasanctius and Josephus a Matre Dei, was a Spanish Catholic priest, educator and the founder of the Pious Schools, which provided free education to poor boys. For this purpose he founded the religious order that ran them, commonly known as the Piarists. He became a close friend of the renowned astronomer Galileo Galilei. Joseph is honored as a saint by the Catholic Church, following his 1767 papal canonisation.

Peralta de Calasanz
Peralta de Calasanz (Spanish: [peˈɾalta ðe kalaˈsanθ]) or Peralta de Calassanç (Catalan: [peˈɾalta ðe kalaˈsans]) is a municipality located in the province of Huesca, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 274 inhabitants.
Sabre Motorsport
Sabre Motorsport is a New Zealand company owned by Dennis Martin that designs and constructs Formula First cars, runs a Motorsport New Zealand Licensed Entrant and Racing School, hires racing cars, and manages a New Zealand Formula First Team.

Nick Cassidy
Nicholas Robert Cassidy (born 19 August 1994) is a New Zealand racing driver, who competes in the Formula E World Championship for the Citroën Formula E Team and in the FIA World Endurance Championship for Peugeot in the Hypercar class. He previously raced for Jaguar and Envision Racing  in the series for three seasons, and finished as the runner-up during the 2022–23 and 2024-25 seasons. He has won the 2017 championship in Super GT and the 2019 championship in Super Formula.
Evelin Vacsi
Evelin Vacsi (born (1993-10-28)28 October 1993) is a Hungarian female volleyball player, playing as a middle-blocker. She is part of the Hungary women's national volleyball team.

She competed at the 2015 Women's European Volleyball Championship. On club level she plays for Fatum-Nyíregyháza.

2015 Women's European Volleyball Championship
The 2015 Women's European Volleyball Championship was the 29th edition of the European Volleyball Championship, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball. It was hosted by Netherlands and Belgium from 26 September to 4 October 2015. The championship managers were the Dutch Olympic gold volleyball medalist Peter Blange and the former Belgian volleyball player Virginie De Carne. Russia defeated Netherlands 3–0 in the final to capture their 19th title, while Tatiana Kosheleva was elected most valuable player back to back.
Cecil Teece
Cecil Bedford Teece (24 December 1864 – 21 November 1917) was an Australian barrister and politician.

He was born in Goulburn to tanner William Teece and Catherine Hassall. He married Mary Jane Evan Buchanan on 19 December 1883; they had two sons. A lawyer, he was called to the Bar in 1889. In 1890 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Goulburn, in a by-election caused by the death of his brother William. He did not contest the 1891 election. Teece died at Wee Waa in 1917. Another brother, Richard, was the general manager of the Australian Mutual Provident Society.

Goulburn
Goulburn (/ɡoʊlbərn/ GOHL-bərn) is a regional city in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia, approximately 195 kilometres (121 mi) south-west of Sydney and 90 kilometres (56 mi) north-east of Canberra. It was proclaimed as Australia's first inland city through letters patent by Queen Victoria in 1863. Goulburn had a population of 24,565 as of the 2021 census. Goulburn is the seat of Goulburn Mulwaree Council.

Goulburn is a railhead on the Main Southern line, and regional health & government services centre, supporting the surrounding pastoral industry as well as being a stopover for travellers on the Hume Highway. It has a central historic park and many historic and listed buildings. It is also home to the monument the Big Merino, a sculpture that is the world's largest concrete sheep.
History of Shreveport, Louisiana
Shreve Town was originally contained within the boundaries of a section of land sold to the company by the indigenous Caddo Indians in the year of 1835, during the period of Indian Removal. In 1838, Caddo Parish was created from the large Natchitoches Parish and Shreve Town was designated as the parish seat. Shreveport remains the parish seat of Caddo Parish today. On March 20, 1839, the town was incorporated as "Shreveport".

Caddo
The Caddo people (Caddo language: Hasí꞉nay) comprise the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma, a federally recognized tribe headquartered in Binger, Oklahoma. They formerly spoke the Caddo language.

The Caddo Confederacy was a network of Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands, who historically inhabited much of what is now northeast Texas, western Louisiana, southwestern Arkansas, and southeastern Oklahoma. Prior to European contact, they were the Caddoan Mississippian culture, who constructed huge earthwork mounds at several sites in this territory, flourishing about 800 to 1400 CE. In the early 19th century, Caddo people were forced to a reservation in Texas. In 1859, they were removed to Indian Territory.
Donald
Donald is a Scottish masculine given name. It is derived from the Gaelic name Dòmhnall. This comes from the Proto-Celtic *Dumno-ualos ("world-ruler" or "world-wielder"). The final -d in Donald is partly derived from a misinterpretation of the Gaelic pronunciation by English speakers. A short form of Donald is Don, and pet forms of Donald include Donnie and Donny. The feminine given name Donella is derived from Donald.

Donald has cognates in other Celtic languages: Modern Irish Dónal (anglicised as Donal and Donall); Scottish Gaelic Dòmhnall, Domhnull and Dòmhnull; Welsh Dyfnwal and Cumbric Dumnagual. Although the feminine given name Donna is sometimes used as a feminine form of Donald, the names are not etymologically related.

Donna (given name)
Donna is an English-language feminine first name meaning 'woman' in modern Italian, and 'lady' or 'mistress' in classical Italian. The original meaning is closer to 'lady of the home' and was a title of respect in Italy, equivalent to Don for gentlemen or lord. It is a common given name in the United States, particularly in Chicago, Florida, New York City, and Washington. It is rare as a surname.
Sala Bolognese
Sala Bolognese (Bolognese: Sèla Bulgnàisa) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Bologna in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Bologna.

The municipality of Sala Bolognese is composed by the frazioni Padulle (housing the municipality seat), Sala, Osteria Nuova, Bonconvento and Bagno di Piano.

It is home of the Romanesque Pieve of Santa Maria Annunziata and San Biagio, at Sala, built in 1096.

Bolognese dialect
Bolognese (native name: bulgnaiṡ [buʎˈɲai̯z]) is a dialect of Emilian spoken for the most part in the city of Bologna and its hinterland (except east of the Sillaro stream), but also in the district of Castelfranco Emilia in the province of Modena, and in the towns of Sambuca Pistoiese (Tuscany), Cento, Sant'Agostino, and Poggio Renatico (province of Ferrara).
Uthman Air Base
Uthman Air Base is a Air base of the Egyptian Air Force located north of the Siwa Oasis, Matrouh Governorate, Egypt.

The base is home to 26 Squadron with the Air Tractor AT-802, as part of 102 Tactical Air Wing of 149 Air Division, 22 Squadron with CAIG Wing Loong II as part of 702 Air Wing or 129 Air Division and a detachment from 13 Squadron with the Mil Mi-17V-5, part of 547 Air Wing of 119 Air Division.

Siwa Oasis
The Siwa Oasis (Arabic: واحة سيوة Wāḥat Sīwah [ˈwæːħet ˈsiːwæ]) is an urban oasis in Egypt. It is situated between the Qattara Depression and the Great Sand Sea in the Western Desert, 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of the Egypt–Libya border and 560 kilometres (350 mi) from the Egyptian capital city of Cairo. It is famed from its role in ancient Egypt as the home to an oracle of Amun, the ruins of which are a popular tourist attraction, giving it the ancient name Oasis of Amun-Ra, after the major Egyptian deity.
Glyn Hughes (British Army)
Hugh Llewellyn Glyn Hughes, MC, MRCS (25 July 1892 – 24 November 1973) was a senior British military officer in the Royal Army Medical Corps and later a medical administrator, educationalist and sports administrator. Hughes served in both the First and Second World Wars and is notable for his role in the care and rehabilitation of the victims of Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.

Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons
Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons (MRCS) is a postgraduate diploma for surgeons in the UK and Ireland. Obtaining this qualification allows a doctor to become a member of one of the four surgical colleges in the UK and Ireland, namely the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, the Royal College of Surgeons of England, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. The examination, currently organised on an intercollegiate basis, is required to enter higher surgical training (ST 3+) in one of the Royal colleges. Thus today's MRCS has replaced the former MRCS(Eng), MRCS(Ed), MRCS(Glas), and MRCS(I). (Similarly, the MRCP is also now intercollegiate.)
Chromoxylography
Chromoxylography (/ˌkroʊmoʊzaɪˈlɒɡrəfi/) was a colour woodblock printing process, popular from the mid-19th to the early-20th century, commonly used to produce illustrations in children's books, serial pulp magazines, and cover art for yellow-back and penny dreadfuls.  The art of relief engraving and chromoxylography was perfected by engravers and printers in the 19th century, most notably in Victorian London by engraver and printer Edmund Evans who was particularly good with the process, producing a wide range of hues and tones through color mixing. Chromoxylography was a complicated technique, requiring intricate engraving and printing for the best results. Less expensive products, such as covers for pulp magazines, had to be produced with few colours, often only two or three, whereas more intricate and expensive books and reproductions of paintings used as many as a dozen or more colors. For each colour used, a separate woodblock had to be carved of the image being reproduced.

Color mixing
There are three types of color mixing models, depending on the relative brightness of the resultant mixture: additive, subtractive, and average. In these models, mixing black and white will yield white, black and gray, respectively. Physical mixing processes, e.g. mixing light beams or oil paints, will follow one or a hybrid of these 3 models. Each mixing model is associated with several color models, depending on the approximate primary colors used. The most common color models are optimized to human trichromatic color vision, therefore comprising three primary colors.: 4.2
Kashgar railway station
Kashgar railway station (喀什站) is the main railway station of Kashgar, Xinjiang and the westernmost railway station in China. It is the western terminus for the Southern Xinjiang and Kashgar–Hotan Railways.

The station is located northeast of the city of Kashgar and is served by regular passenger trains to Ürümqi via Turpan. A trip on the faster kind (K-series) takes under 22 hours from Kashgar to Turpan or just over 24 hours to Ürümqi.

Turpan
Turpan (Uyghur: Turpan) or Turfan (Chinese: 吐鲁番) is a prefecture-level city located in the east of the autonomous region of Xinjiang, China. It has an area of 69,759 km2 (26,934 sq mi) and a population of 693,988 (2020). The historical center of the prefectural area has shifted a number of times, from Yar-Khoto (Jiaohe, 10 km or 6.2 mi to the west of modern Turpan) to Qocho (Gaochang, 30 km or 19 mi to the southeast of Turpan) and to Turpan itself.