hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Milan Jurčina
Milan Jurčina (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈmilan ˈjurtʂina]; born 7 June 1983) is a Slovak ice hockey scout and former professional ice hockey defenceman who currently serves as a European scout for the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has previously played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Boston Bruins (the organization that drafted him 241st overall in the 2001 NHL entry draft), Washington Capitals, Columbus Blue Jackets and New York Islanders. Internationally, he has played for the Slovak national team.

Slovakia men's national ice hockey team
The Slovakia men's national ice hockey team is the national ice hockey team of Slovakia and is controlled by the Slovak Ice Hockey Federation. A successor to the Czechoslovakia national team, it is one of the most successful national ice hockey teams in the world. The team's general manager is Miroslav Šatan and their head coach is Vladimír Országh.

Slovakia has won four medals at the World Championships, including a gold medal in 2002 in Sweden and a bronze medal at the 2022 Winter Olympics.
Invariant (physics)
In theoretical physics, an invariant is an observable of a physical system which remains unchanged under some transformation. Invariance, as a broader term, also applies to the no change of form of physical laws under a transformation, and is closer in scope to the mathematical definition. Invariants of a system are deeply tied to the symmetries imposed by its environment.

Invariance is an important concept in modern theoretical physics, and many theories are expressed in terms of their symmetries and invariants.

Transformation (function)
In mathematics, a transformation, transform, or self-map is a function f, usually with some geometrical underpinning, that maps a set X to itself, i.e. f: X → X.
Examples include linear transformations of vector spaces and geometric transformations, which include projective transformations, affine transformations, and specific affine transformations, such as rotations, reflections and translations.
Scott Armstrong (politician)
David Scott Armstrong (born July 9, 1966) is a Canadian politician, who was elected as a Conservative member to represent the electoral district of Cumberland—Colchester—Musquodoboit Valley in the federal by-elections on November 9, 2009. He served until his defeat in the 2015 election.

After his defeat in the 2015 election, Armstrong was appointed as the official opposition critic on Atlantic Canadian issues and ACOA and was the only official opposition critic who was not a member of parliament.

On September 15, 2016, it was announced that Armstrong would return to full-time teaching and relinquish his posts with the Conservative Party.

In the 2024 Nova Scotia general election, he was elected to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly for Colchester-Musquodoboit Valley.

By-elections to the 40th Canadian Parliament
By-elections to the 40th Canadian Parliament were held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada between the 2008 federal election and the 2011 federal election. The Conservative Party of Canada led a minority government for the entirety of the 40th Canadian Parliament, with little change from by-elections.

Ten seats became vacant during the life of the Parliament. Seven of these vacancies were filled through by-elections, and three seats remained vacant when the 2011 federal election was called.
Chemical bath deposition
Chemical bath deposition, also called chemical solution deposition and CBD, is a method of thin-film deposition (solids forming from a solution or gas), using an aqueous precursor solution. Chemical bath deposition typically forms films using heterogeneous nucleation (deposition or adsorption of aqueous ions onto a solid substrate), to form homogeneous thin films of metal chalcogenides (mostly oxides, sulfides, and selenides) and many less common ionic compounds. Chemical bath deposition produces films reliably, using a simple process with little infrastructure, at low temperature (<100 ˚C), and at low cost. Furthermore, chemical bath deposition can be employed for large-area batch processing or continuous deposition. Films produced by CBD are often used in semiconductors, photovoltaic cells, and supercapacitors, and there is increasing interest in using chemical bath deposition to create nanomaterials.

Sulfide
Sulfide (also sulphide in British English) is an inorganic anion of sulfur with the chemical formula S2− or a compound containing one or more S2− ions.  Solutions of sulfide salts are corrosive. Sulfide also refers to large families of inorganic and organic compounds, e.g. lead sulfide and dimethyl sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and bisulfide (HS−) are the conjugate acids of sulfide.
Nigel Holt
Nigel Colin Holt (born 21 November 1961) is an Australian former rugby union international.

Holt was born in the rural Queensland town of Winton and attended Anglican Church Grammar School in Brisbane. His mother Judy served on Redland City Council and during the 1970s established the shire's first convenience store.

An imposing lock, Holt toured New Zealand with Queensland in 1982 and the following year gained a Wallabies call up for the tour of Italy and France, as a back up for David Hillhouse and Steve Williams. Neither of those players were named on the 1984 tour of Fiji and Holt was first choice lock for the one-off Test in Suva, which the Wallabies won 16–3. He kept his place in the Wallabies squad for that year's famed 1984 tour of Britain and Ireland, but didn't add to his solitary Test cap.

1984 Australia rugby union tour of Britain and Ireland
The 1984 Australia rugby union tour of Britain and Ireland was a series of 18 matches played by the Australia national rugby union team (the Wallabies) in Britain and Ireland between 17 October and 15 December 1984. The Australian team won 13 matches, drew one and lost four but notably won all four of their international matches.

The 1984 Wallabies were the first and only Australian side to achieve a Grand Slam doing so in four Tests against the Home Nations. This feat had been achieved five times previously, by the 1978 New Zealand All Blacks and by the South African Springboks during their tours of 1912–13, 1931–32, 1951–52 and 1960–61. Australia's outside half Mark Ella managed to score a try in every Test. The tour confirmed Australia's coming of age as a world-class rugby nation, marking the end of three difficult decades of inconsistent international performances from 1950 onwards.
Raphitoma lilliputiana
Raphitoma lilliputiana is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Raphitomidae. Fossils of this extinct marine species were found in Oligocene strata in Southwest France.

Raphitomidae
Raphitomidae  is a family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.

Bouchet, Kantor et al. elevated in 2011 the subfamily Raphitominae (which at that point had been placed in the family Conidae) to the rank of family. This was based on a cladistic analysis of shell morphology, radular characteristics, anatomical characters, and a dataset of molecular sequences of three gene fragments. The family was found to be monophyletic.
Challenor (surname)
Challenor is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aimee Challenor (born 1997), British politician and transgender activist

Edward Challenor (1873–1935), British Army officer and cricketer

George Challenor (1888–1947), West Indian cricketer

Harold Challenor (1922–2008), police officer

Herschelle Sullivan Challenor (born 1938), foreign policy expert, international civil servant, university administrator, and activist

Jenna Challenor (born 1981), South African long-distance runner

Tracey Challenor, journalist, media consultant, news presenter, and reporter

Herschelle Sullivan Challenor
Herchelle Sullivan Challenor (born 1938) is a foreign policy expert, international civil servant, university administrator, and was one of the key activists in the Atlanta Student Movement, part of the Civil Rights Movement, of the early 1960s.
Swimming pool bacteria
Swimming pool bacteria are the diverse array of bacteria that are present in aquatic environments, primarily swimming pools, which can have effects on human health and water quality. Recreational waters are known to be source of infectious diseases.

Enterococcus
Enterococcus is a large genus of lactic acid bacteria of the phylum Bacillota. Enterococci are Gram-positive cocci that often occur in pairs (diplococci) or short chains, and are difficult to distinguish from streptococci on physical characteristics alone. Two species are common commensal organisms in the intestines of humans: E. faecalis (90–95%) and E. faecium (5–10%). Rare clusters of infections occur with other species, including E. durans, E. casseliflavus, E. gallinarum, and E. raffinosus.
2019 Kabul mosque bombing
The 2019 Kabul mosque bombing occurred around 01:20pm (08:50 GMT) on 24 May 2019, while worshippers and the imam were inside the Al-Taqwa mosque for Friday prayer. The explosives were placed in the mosque's microphone which was used by the imam. At least three people were killed, including the imam, Samiullah Rayhan, and nearly 20 people were injured. So far, no group or individual has claimed to be responsible for the attack.

Friday prayer
Friday prayer, or congregational prayer (Arabic: صلاة الجمعة, romanized: ṣalāt al-jumuʿa), is the meeting together of Muslims for communal prayer and a service at midday every Friday. In Islam, the day itself is called Yawm al-Jum'ah (shortened to Jum'ah), which translated from Arabic means "Day of Meeting", "Day of Assembly" or "Day of Congregation".

On this day, all Muslim men are expected to meet and participate at the designated place of meeting and prostration (mosque), with certain exceptions due to distance and situation. Women and children can also participate, but do not fall under the same obligation that men do.

In many Muslim countries, the weekend includes Fridays, and in others, Fridays are half-days for schools and some workplaces. It is one of the most exalted Islamic rituals and one of its confirmed obligatory acts.
The Purple Album (Purple City album)
The Purple Album is the third studio album by American hip hop group Purple City. It was released on May 23, 2006 through Purple City Entertainment and Babygrande Records with distribution via Koch Records. Production was handled by Agallah, Black Jeruz, Dame Grease, D-Dot, J.A., J. Cardim, Jim Jones, Jimmy The Greek, Joey Chavez, Junius Bervine, Shiest Bub, Spliff, Teetimus and Uni Beats. It features guest appearances from 334 Mobb, Max B, A-Mafia, B.G., Buckshot, Buddy Klein, Den 10, DK, Ike Eyes, Jim Jones, Numbers, Smif-N-Wessun, Smoke DZA and The Lenox Ave Boys. Music video was released for the only promotional single "Trap/Knick Knack".

Dame Grease
Damon J. Blackman (born August 9, 1974), better known by his stage name Dame Grease or simply Grease, is an American record producer from New York City. In 1996, he gained recognition in the hip hop industry through his production work with Bad Boy and The LOX, while also establishing the sound of DMX and Ruff Ryders.
Pont du Diable (Villemagne-l'Argentière)
The Pont du Diable de Villemagne-l'Argentière is a romanesque bridge in Villemagne-l'Argentière, in the Hérault department in France. It crosses the river Mare. It is built at a slope due to the different levels of the banks of the Mare.

Romanesque art
Romanesque art is the art of Europe from approximately 1000 AD to the rise of the Gothic style in the 12th century, or later depending on region. The preceding period is known as the Pre-Romanesque period. The term was invented by 19th-century art historians, especially for Romanesque architecture, which retained many basic features of Roman architectural style – most notably round-headed arches, but also barrel vaults, apses, and acanthus-leaf decoration – but had also developed many very different characteristics.

In southern France, Spain, and Italy there was an architectural continuity with the Late Antique, but the Romanesque style was the first style to spread across the whole of Catholic Europe, from Sicily to Scandinavia. Romanesque art was also greatly influenced by Byzantine art, especially in painting, and by the anti-classical energy of the decoration of the Insular art of the British Isles. From these elements was forged a highly innovative and coherent style.
Dampiera rosmarinifolia
Dampiera rosmarinifolia, commonly known as rosemary dampiera, is a flowering plant in the family Goodeniaceae.It is a perennial subshrub with linear leaves, mauve or purple flowers borne in leaf axils.

Goodeniaceae
Goodeniaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Asterales. It contains about 404 species in twelve genera. The family is distributed mostly in Australia, except for the genus Scaevola, which is pantropical. Its species are found across most of Australia, being especially common in arid and semi-arid climates.
Ella Mahammitt
Ella Lillian Davis Browne Mahammitt (November 22, 1863 – September 9, 1932) was an American journalist, civil rights activist, and women's rights activist from Omaha, Nebraska. She was editor of the black weekly newspaper The Enterprise, president of Omaha's Colored Women's Club, and an officer of local branches of the Afro-American League. In 1895, she was vice-president of the National Federation of Afro-American Women, headed by Margaret James Murray, and in 1896 was a committee member of the successor organization, the National Association of Colored Women, under president Mary Church Terrell.

National Afro-American League
The National Afro-American League was formed on January 25, 1890, by Timothy Thomas Fortune. Preceding the foundation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the organization dedicated itself to racial solidarity and self-help.

In September 1898, Fortune presided at a meeting in Rochester, New York, called by A.M.E. Zion Bishop Alexander Walters, for the purpose of rejuvenating the League. The new organization, the National Afro-American Council, existed until about 1908. Walters was the first president of the council, while Fortune was the first chairman of the executive committee.

Many who originally supported the League and later, the council, eventually started donating to the NAACP, which later became one of the most powerful anti-segregation groups.
Predrag Gojković Cune
Predrag Gojković (Serbian Cyrillic: Предраг Гојковић; 6 November 1932 – 21 July 2017), better known by his nickname Cune, was a Serbian vocalist and recording artist with a career spanning six decades.

PGP-RTS
PGP-RTS (Serbian Cyrillic: Продукција грамофонских плоча Радио телевизије Србије, romanized: Produkcija gramofonskih ploča Radio televizije Srbije lit. 'Production of gramophone records of Radio Television of Serbia'[а]) is a major record label based in Belgrade, Serbia. It is a successor of PGP-RTB which was established in 1959 in Belgrade, then capital of Socialist Republic of Serbia and Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

After the breakup of Yugoslavia, in 1993, the company changed its name to PGP-RTS, which is the music production branch of the Radio Television of Serbia.
Andrea Brachfeld
Andrea Brachfeld is an American jazz and Latin jazz flutist.

Brachfeld attended The High School of Music and Art and the Manhattan School of Music. She had her first professional performance at the age of 16. In 1974, she received the Louis Armstrong Award for outstanding Jazz student. She studied with Hubert Laws, Jimmy Heath, George Coleman, and Eddie Daniels.

Her breakthrough came when she became flutist for the Latin band Charanga '76.

Jimmy Heath
James Edward Heath (October 25, 1926 – January 19, 2020), nicknamed Little Bird, was an American jazz saxophonist, composer, arranger, and big band leader. He was the brother of bassist Percy Heath and drummer Albert Heath.
Lars Olausson
Lars Oskar Olausson (20 May 1927 – 18 June 2016) was a Lieutenant Colonel of the Swedish Air Force, who published an annual volume on the history of the Lockheed C-130 Hercules airlifter currently titled the Lockheed Hercules Production List 1954-2014, the thirtieth edition having been printed March 2012. "For each aircraft listed, the Lockheed model number, military designation, owner and serial number are quoted, with additional information in a remarks column, giving such details as delivery dates, earlier or later markings, using squadron and write-off date."

Serial number
A serial number (SN) is a unique identifier used to uniquely identify an item, and is usually assigned incrementally or sequentially.

Despite being called serial "numbers", they do not need to be strictly numerical and may contain letters and other typographical symbols, or may consist entirely of a character string.
2010 Korea Open – Singles
Kimiko Date-Krumm was the defending champion, but subsequently fell to 8th seed Ágnes Szávay in the quarterfinals.
5th seed Alisa Kleybanova emerged as the new champion, beating out Czech Klára Zakopalová in the final, 6-1, 6-3.

Alisa Kleybanova
Alisa Mikhailovna Kleybanova (Алиса Михайловна Клейбанова, born 15 July 1989) is a Russian former tennis player. Her career-high singles ranking is world No. 20, achieved in February 2011. In her career, she won two singles titles and five doubles titles on the WTA Tour.
Viljo Heino
Viljo ("Ville") Akseli Heino (1 March 1914 in Iitti – 15 September 1998 in Tampere) was a Finnish athlete who held the world record for the 10,000 metres event from 25 August 1944 to 11 June 1949 and again from 1 September 1949 to 22 October 1949. He was the male Finnish Sportspersonality of the year for 1949.

Born in Iitti, he represented Finland in the 10,000 metres and marathon in the 1948 Summer Olympics in London. He also won the Saint Silvester Road Race in São Paulo in 1949.

Finnish Sports Personality of the Year
The Finnish Sports Personality of the Year (Finnish: Vuoden urheilija; Swedish: Årets finländska idrottare) is chosen annually since 1947 by the national sports journalists. In addition, the best female athlete (Finnish: Vuoden naisurheilija) was nominated each year separately until 2009.
Estadio Juan Maldonado Gamarra
Estadio Juan Maldonado Gamarra is a multi-use stadium in Cutervo Province, Peru. It is used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Comerciantes Unidos of the Liga 1 Peru and Club Deportivo Los Inseparables of the Copa Perú. The stadium can hold 12,000 spectators.

Copa Perú
The Copa Perú is a football tournament in Peru and the fourth-highest division of the Peruvian football league system. Despite its name, it is not entirely an elimination-cup competition involving all Peruvian clubs, but rather a series of league tournaments leading to an elimination tournament, with regional league clubs as participants. It guarantees its 4 teams promotion to the Liga 3.
Wenatchee Chiefs
The Wenatchee Chiefs were a minor league baseball team in the northwest United States, based in Wenatchee, Washington.

Founded in 1937, the team was a part of the Class B Western International League through 1954, although the team did not operate after 1941 and the entire league was suspended during World War II, for the seasons from 1943 to 1945. The Chiefs were one of the seven founding members of the Northwest League in 1955, where they remained until the team suspended operations after the 1965 season, the last before the NWL went to the short-season format.

Eugene Emeralds
The Eugene Emeralds (nicknamed the Ems) are a Minor League Baseball team in the northwest United States, based in Eugene, Oregon and playing at PK Park. The Emeralds are members of the Northwest League and the High-A affiliate of the San Francisco Giants.
Brian Boobbyer
Brian Boobbyer (25 February 1928 at Ealing, Middlesex – 17 January 2011 at Hereford) played in nine Test matches for England at rugby union between 1950 and 1952. He also played cricket at first-class level, and was awarded Blues for both sports by the University of Oxford for appearing against Cambridge. But in 1952, at the age of twenty-four, he gave up playing both games, in order to devote his life to working for the Moral Re-Armament (MRA) movement.

Moral Re-Armament
Moral Re-Armament (MRA) was an international moral and spiritual movement that, in 1938, developed from American minister Frank Buchman's Oxford Group. Buchman headed MRA for 23 years until his death in 1961. In 2001, the movement was renamed Initiatives of Change.
Deaths in July 2016
The following is a list of notable deaths in July 2016.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship and reason for notability, established cause of death, reference.

The Two Ronnies
The Two Ronnies is a British television comedy sketch show starring Ronnie Barker and Ronnie Corbett. It was created by Bill Cotton and aired on BBC Television from 10 April 1971 to 25 December 1987.

The usual format included sketches, solo sections, serial stories, and musical finales. Their Four Candles sketch, first broadcast on 18 September 1976, was voted their funniest sketch in a television poll. In 2006, the British public ranked the duo number 6 in ITV's poll of TV's 50 Greatest Stars.
GeForce RTX 50 series
The GeForce RTX 50 series of consumer graphics cards is the successor of Nvidia's GeForce 40 series. Announced at CES 2025, it debuted with the release of the RTX 5070, RTX 5080 and RTX 5090 in January 2025. It is based on Nvidia's Blackwell architecture featuring Nvidia RTX's fourth-generation RT cores for hardware-accelerated real-time ray tracing, and fifth-generation deep learning–focused Tensor Cores. The GPUs are manufactured by TSMC on a custom 4N process node.

Ada Lovelace (microarchitecture)
Ada Lovelace, also referred to simply as Lovelace, is a graphics processing unit (GPU) microarchitecture developed by Nvidia as the successor to the Ampere architecture, officially announced on September 20, 2022. It is named after the 19th century English mathematician Ada Lovelace, one of the first computer programmers. Nvidia announced the architecture along with the GeForce RTX 40 series consumer GPUs and the RTX 6000 Ada Generation workstation graphics card. The Lovelace architecture is fabricated on TSMC's custom 4N process which offers increased efficiency over the previous Samsung 8 nm and TSMC N7 processes used by Nvidia for its previous-generation Ampere architecture.
911 (Wyclef Jean song)
"911" is a duet between Haitian rapper Wyclef Jean and American soul music singer Mary J. Blige. It was released on 5 September 2000 as the third single from Jean's second studio album, The Ecleftic: 2 Sides II a Book (2000), and was later included on Blige's compilation Reflections (A Retrospective) (2006). The song peaked at number 38 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and achieved international success, reaching number one in Norway and Sweden. It was nominated for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group at the 43rd Annual Grammy Awards in 2001.

Reflections (A Retrospective)
Reflections (A Retrospective) is the first greatest hits album by American R&B singer Mary J. Blige, released in Europe on December 1, 2006, and in the United States on December 12 by Geffen Records. The album hasn't been certified by the RIAA but has sold 900,000 (according to the December 2009 Billboard magazine issue) copies in the United States. The album has also sold an estimated 140,000 in the United Kingdom despite only reaching a peak of number forty—this was due to consistent sales of 40k+ over the Christmas weeks. As of May 25, 2008 worldwide sales are 1,381,376.