hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
4th Texas Cavalry Regiment
The 4th Texas Cavalry Regiment was a unit of mounted volunteers from Texas that fought in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. The unit was organized in September 1861 with the aim of seizing New Mexico Territory. In 1862, the regiment served in the unsuccessful New Mexico Campaign. In 1863, it was in action at Galveston, Fort Bisland, Irish Bend, Second Donaldsonville, Kock's Plantation, Sterling's Plantation, and Bayou Bourbeux. In 1864, the regiment fought at Mansfield and Pleasant Hill in the Red River Campaign. The unit surrendered in May 1865.

Battle of Mansfield
The Battle of Mansfield, also known as the Battle of Sabine Crossroads, on April 8, 1864, in Louisiana formed part of the Red River Campaign during the American Civil War, when Union forces were attempting to occupy the Louisiana state capital, Shreveport.

The Confederate commander, Major-General Dick Taylor, chose Mansfield as the place where he would make his stand against the advancing Union army under General Nathaniel Banks. Taylor concentrated his forces at Sabine Crossroads, knowing that reinforcements were nearby. Banks prepared for a fight, though his own army was not fully assembled either. Both sides were reinforced by stages throughout the day.

After a brief resistance, the Union army was routed by the Confederates, consisting mainly of units from Louisiana and Texas, reportedly strengthened by hundreds of men breaking parole. The Battle of Mansfield was followed immediately by the Battle of Pleasant Hill.
Ethiopia at the 2017 Summer Universiade
Ethiopia participated at the 2017 Summer Universiade which was held in Taipei, Taiwan.

Ethiopia sent a delegation consisting of only 1 competitor for the event competing in a single sporting event. Ethiopia didn't claim any medals at the multi-sport event.

2017 Summer Universiade
The 2017 Summer Universiade (Chinese: 2017年夏季世界大學運動會; pinyin: Èr líng yī qī Nián Xiàjì Shìjiè Dàxué Yùndònghuì), officially known as the XXIX Summer Universiade (Chinese: 第二十九屆夏季世界大學運動會; pinyin: Dì èrshíjiǔ jiè xiàjì shìjiè dàxué yùndònghuì) and commonly called Taipei 2017 (Chinese: 台北2017; pinyin: Táiběi Èr líng yī qī), was a multi-sport event, sanctioned by the International University Sports Federation (FISU), held in the city of Taipei, Taiwan. It took place from August 19 to August 30, 2017.
Lévy-Biche LB.2
The Levy Biche LB.2 was a single seat French sesquiplane fighter aircraft designed to be used from aircraft carriers. With a watertight fuselage, jettisonable wheeled undercarriage and small under-wing floats, it could survive emergency sea touchdowns; it could also be fitted with seaplane type floats.

Hispano-Suiza 8
The Hispano-Suiza 8 is a water-cooled V8 SOHC aero engine introduced by Hispano-Suiza in 1914 that went on to become the most commonly used liquid-cooled engine in the aircraft of the Entente Powers during the First World War. The original Hispano-Suiza 8A was rated at 140 hp (100 kW) and the later, larger displacement Hispano-Suiza 8F reached 330 hp (250 kW).

Hispano-Suiza 8 engines and variants produced by Hispano-Suiza and other companies under licence were built in twenty-one factories in Spain, France, Britain, Italy, and the U.S.  Derivatives of the engine were also used abroad to power numerous aircraft types and the engine can be considered as the ancestor of another successful engine by the same designer, the Hispano-Suiza 12Y (and Soviet Klimov V12 derivative aero-engines) which was in service during the Second World War.
Paolino Tomaino
Paolino Tomaino (4 November 1937 - 3 March 2024) also known as Paulino Tomaino, Paul Tomaino, Paulino Tomaino MCCJ, Paolo Tomaino, was a Catholic priest who was affiliated with the Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus (aka Verona Fathers). He was the only Lametino missionary in Uganda for sixty years. He spent more than 50 years serving as a missionary in Uganda.

Kabale
Kabale City is a city in the Western Region of Uganda. It is the main city of Kabale District, and the district headquarters are located at Makanga hills.

It is sometimes nicknamed "Kastone" as in the local Rukiga language, a "kabale" is a small stone.
Emission theory (relativity)
Emission theory, also called emitter theory or ballistic theory of light, was a competing theory for the special theory of relativity, explaining the results of the Michelson–Morley experiment of 1887. Emission theories obey the principle of relativity by having no preferred frame for light transmission, but say that light is emitted at speed "c" relative to its source instead of applying the invariance postulate. Thus, emitter theory combines electrodynamics and mechanics with a simple Newtonian theory. Although there are still proponents of this theory outside the scientific mainstream, this theory is considered to be conclusively discredited by most scientists.

Mechanics
Mechanics (from Ancient Greek  μηχανική (mēkhanikḗ) 'of machines') is the area of physics concerned with the relationships between force, matter, and motion among physical objects. Forces applied to objects may result in displacements, which are changes of an object's position relative to its environment.

Theoretical expositions of this branch of physics have their origins in Ancient Greece, for instance, in the writings of Aristotle and Archimedes (see History of classical mechanics and Timeline of classical mechanics). During the early modern period, scientists such as Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, Christiaan Huygens, and Isaac Newton laid the foundation for what is now known as classical mechanics.

In the 20th century the concepts of classical mechanics were challenged by new discoveries, leading to fundamentally new approaches including relativistic mechanics and quantum mechanics.
Jim Booker
Jim Booker (February 1872 – February 5, 1940) was an African-American hoedown fiddler from Jessamine County, Kentucky. His 1927 recordings with Taylor's Kentucky Boys and The Booker Orchestra are thought to be the first racially integrated recording session in America.

Gennett Records
Gennett Records (/dʒəˈnɛt/) was an American record company and label in Richmond, Indiana, United States, which flourished in the 1920s and produced the Gennett, Starr, Champion, Superior, and Van Speaking labels. The company also produced some Supertone, Silvertone, and Challenge records under contract. The firm also pressed, under contract, records for record labels such as Autograph, Rainbow, Hitch, Our Song, and Vaughn. Gennett produced some of the earliest recordings by Louis Armstrong, King Oliver, Bix Beiderbecke, and Hoagy Carmichael. Its roster also included Jelly Roll Morton, Blind Lemon Jefferson, Charley Patton, and Gene Autry.
Lindsey Daugherty
Lindsey N. Daugherty is an American attorney and politician serving as a member of the Colorado Senate, representing the  19th senate district, which includes Denver's northwestern suburbs in Jefferson County, covering most of Arvada and parts of Westminster.

Daugherty previously served in the Colorado House of Representatives from the 24th district. Prior to reapportionment implemented in 2023, Daugherty represented the 29th district. First elected in 2020, she first assumed office on January 13, 2021.

Westminster, Colorado
Westminster is a home rule city located in Adams and Jefferson counties, Colorado, United States. The city population was 116,317 at the 2020 United States census with 71,240 residing in Adams County and 45,077 residing in Jefferson County. Westminster is the eighth most populous city in Colorado. The city is a part of the Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Front Range Urban Corridor. The Westminster Municipal Center is located 9 miles (14 km) north-northwest of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver.
Rhoda Adamson
Rhoda Agatha Rindge Adamson (April 20, 1893 – April 2, 1962) also known as Rhoda Agatha Adamson or simply Rhoda Adamson, was the co-founder and secretary-treasurer of Adohr Farms and Adohr Dairy & Creamery, one of Southern California's largest and most successful dairies. She was the daughter of Rhoda May Knight Rindge and Frederick Hastings Rindge and wife to Merritt Huntley Adamson.

Rufus Keeler
Rufus Bradley Keeler (1885 – October 29, 1934)  was a master ceramicist and ceramics glaze expert. He was plant superintendent of California China Products, a co-founder of California Clay Products (CalCo), and plant manager of Malibu Potteries. He was married to Mary E. Leary and had three sons and one daughter, including ceramicist Bradley Burr Keeler, who founded Brad Keeler Artwares and who came to be president of the California Art Potters Association and director of the California Gift and Art Association.
Koppen
Koppen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dan Koppen (born 1979), American football offensive lineman

Erwin Koppen (1929–1990), German literary scholar

Luise Koppen (1855–1922), German author

Otto C. Koppen (1901–1991), American aircraft engineer

Dan Koppen
Daniel Koppen (born September 12, 1979) is an American former professional football player who was a center for 10 seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the New England Patriots and Denver Broncos.

Prior to entering the NFL in 2003, he played college football for the Boston College Eagles.
Ana María Shua
Ana María Shua (born 22 April 1951) is an Argentine writer. She is particularly well known for her work in microfiction.

Shua has published over eighty books in numerous genres including novels, short stories, microfiction, poetry, drama, children's literature, books of humor and Jewish folklore, anthologies, film scripts, journalistic articles, and essays. She has received numerous national and international awards, including a Guggenheim Fellowship, and is one of Argentina's premier living writers.

She has been referred to as the "Queen of the Micro-Story" in the world of Spanish-language literature.

Jewish folklore
Jewish folklore are legends, music, oral history, proverbs, jokes, popular beliefs, fairy tales, stories, tall tales, and customs that are the traditions of Judaism. Folktales are characterized by the presence of unusual personages, by the sudden transformation of men into beasts and vice versa, or by other unnatural incidents. A number of aggadic stories bear folktale characteristics, especially those relating to Og, King of Bashan, which have the same exaggerations as have the lügenmärchen of modern German folktales.
2017 West Midlands mayoral election
The inaugural West Midlands mayoral election was held on 4 May 2017 to elect the Mayor of the West Midlands, with subsequent elections to be held every four years from May 2020. The election took place alongside five elections for English metro mayors and other local elections, and ahead of the general election on 8 June 2017.

The contest was the first election for a governing body covering the entire West Midlands since the 1981 West Midlands County Council election, the former West Midlands County Council having been dissolved in 1986. Police and crime commissioner elections had taken in 2012, 2014 and 2016 with Labour winning those contests decisively.

The election was won by Conservative Andy Street, beating Labour's Siôn Simon in the final round by 50.4% to 49.6% with a turnout of 26.7%. The result was seen as a shock in what has been considered a Labour heartland.

1981 West Midlands County Council election
Local elections to the West Midlands County Council, a Metropolitan County Council encompassing the West Midlands, were held on 7 May 1981, resulting in large swings to Labour, giving them control of the council.

This was the last election to the West Midlands County Council, after metropolitan county councils were scrapped on 31 March 1986 under the Local Government Act 1985 by the Conservative government of Margaret Thatcher. The councils' abolition followed several high profile clashes between mostly Labour metropolitan county councils and the Conservative government over issues, including spending and rates charges.
Architectural model
An architectural model is a type of scale model made to study aspects of an architectural design or to communicate design intent. They are made using a variety of materials including paper, plaster, plastic, resin, wood, glass, and metal.

Models are built either with traditional handcraft techniques or via 3D printing technologies such as stereolithography, fused filament fabrication, and selective laser sintering.

Resin
A resin is a solid or highly viscous liquid that can be converted into a polymer. Resins may be biological or synthetic in origin, but are typically harvested from plants. Resins are mixtures of organic compounds insoluble in water, predominantly terpenes. Technically, resins should not be confused with gums, which consist predominantly of water-soluble polysaccharides, although these two terms are often interchangeable in the less formal context. Common resins include pine oleoresins, amber, hashish, frankincense, myrrh and the animal-derived resin, shellac. Resins are used in varnishes, adhesives, food additives, incenses and perfumes.

Resins protect plants from insects and pathogens, and are secreted in response to injury. Resins repel herbivores, insects, and pathogens, while the volatile phenolic compounds may attract benefactors such as predators of insects that attack the plant.
Rachel Kolly
Rachel Kolly (formerly performing as Rachel Kolly d'Alba), born 21 May 1981 in Lausanne, Switzerland, is a Swiss violinist. Considered a child prodigy at the violin, she started playing at the age of five.

Humanity & Inclusion
Humanity & Inclusion (formerly Handicap International) is an international non-governmental organization. It was founded in 1982 to provide help in refugee camps in Cambodia and Thailand. Headquartered in France and Belgium, since its creation, it has opened branches in six other countries: Switzerland, Luxembourg, United Kingdom, Germany, Canada and the United States.

It is an organization which aims to help disabled and vulnerable people in situations of poverty and exclusion, conflict and disaster. More than 3,500 field staff are currently located in more than 60 countries worldwide.
Betty Clawman
Betty Clawman is a fictional superhero and disembodied cosmic force in the DC Comics shared universe.  She first appeared in Millennium #2 (January 1988), and was created by Steve Englehart and Joe Staton.

The Millennium series was specifically written to introduce superheroes of color into the DC universe. Betty Clawman is an Aboriginal Australian woman, and her teammates include Gloss (aka Xiang Po, from mainland China), Jet (aka Celia Windward, an Afro-Caribbean British citizen), Extraño (aka Gregorio de la Vega, from Peru) and Inuit mechanic Thomas Kalmaku.

Joe Staton
Joe Staton (/ˈsteɪtən/; born January 19, 1948) is an American comics artist and writer. He co-created the Bronze Age Huntress (Helena Wayne), as well as the third Huntress (Helena Bertinelli), Kilowog and the Omega Men for DC Comics. He was the artist of the Dick Tracy comic strip from 2011 to October 2021.
Southern Oregon PBS
Southern Oregon PBS (SO PBS, formerly Southern Oregon Public Television or SOPTV) is the collective brand for two PBS member television stations serving southern Oregon, United States: KSYS (channel 8) in Medford and KFTS (channel 22) in Klamath Falls. The stations are owned by Southern Oregon Public Television, Inc., and maintain studios on South Fir Street in downtown Medford. KSYS' transmitter is located on King Mountain, while KFTS' tower sits atop Stukel Mountain.

KFTS operates as a full-time satellite of KSYS for the Klamath Falls side of the market; on-air references are limited to Federal Communications Commission (FCC)–mandated hourly station identifications during programming.

Brookings, Oregon
Brookings is a city in Curry County, Oregon, United States. It was named after John E. Brookings, president of the Brookings Lumber & Box Company, who founded the city in 1908. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,744.
Ternary conditional operator
In computer programming, the ternary conditional operator is a ternary operator that evaluates to one of two values based on a Boolean expression. The operator is also known as conditional operator, ternary if, immediate if, or inline if (iif). Although many ternary operators are theoretically possible, the conditional operator is commonly used and other ternary operators rare, so the conditional variant is commonly referred to as the ternary operator.

Typical syntax for an expression using the operator is like if a then b else c or a ? b : c. One can read it aloud as "if a then b otherwise c". The form a ? b : c is the most common, but alternative syntax exists. For example, Raku uses the syntax a ?? b !! c to avoid confusion with the infix operators ? and !, whereas in Visual Basic, it takes the form If(a, b, c).

The construct first appeared in CPL, in which equivalent syntax for a ? b : c is a → b, c.

Raku (programming language)
Raku is a member of the Perl family of programming languages. Formerly named Perl 6, it was renamed in October 2019. Raku introduces elements of many modern and historical languages. Compatibility with Perl was not a goal, though a compatibility mode is part of the specification. The design process for Raku began in 2000.
Matsuura River
The Matsuura River is a river in Japan. The river flows through the cities of Karatsu, Imari, and Takeo in Saga Prefecture in the northern part of Kyushu. It has historically had a lot of flooding risks.

Imari, Saga
Imari (伊万里市, Imari-shi) is a city located in Saga Prefecture on the island of Kyushu, Japan. As of 1 June 2024, the city had an estimated population of 51,875 in 23,874 households, and a  population density of 200 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 255.26 km2 (98.56 sq mi). Imari is most notable because of Imari porcelain, which is the European collectors' name for Japanese porcelain wares made in the town of Arita, Saga Prefecture. The porcelain was exported from the port of Imari specifically for the European export trade.
Shin Heike Monogatari (film)
Shin Heike Monogatari (新・平家物語; lit. "New Tale of the Heike") is a 1955 Japanese film directed by Kenji Mizoguchi. It is based on a prose version by Eiji Yoshikawa of a Japanese epic poem, The Tale of the Heike. It is Mizoguchi's second and last film in color, the other being Princess Yang Kwei Fei (Yōkihi) of the same year.

The Tale of the Heike
The Tale of the Heike (平家物語, Heike Monogatari) is an epic account compiled prior to 1330 of the struggle between the Taira clan and Minamoto clan for control of Japan at the end of the 12th century in the Genpei War (1180–1185).

It has been translated into English at least five times. The first translation was by Arthur Lindsay Sadler, in 1918–1921. A complete translation in nearly 800 pages by Hiroshi Kitagawa & Bruce T. Tsuchida was published in 1975. It was also translated by Helen McCullough in 1988. An abridged translation by Burton Watson was published in 2006.  In 2012, Royall Tyler completed his translation, which, he says, seeks to be mindful of the performance style for which the work was originally intended.

Historical novelist Eiji Yoshikawa published a prose rendering in the Asahi Weekly in 1950, under the title New Tale of the Heike (Shin Heike Monogatari).
Golfech
Golfech (French pronunciation: [ɡɔlfɛʃ]; Occitan: Golfuèg) is a commune in the Tarn-et-Garonne department in the Occitanie region in southern France.

It neighbours the larger town of Valence d'Agen and stands on the D813 road between Bordeaux and Toulouse and beside the canal de Garonne and railway that also link the cities. The D813 is classified as a departmental road in the French system. 
Formerly, this road was designated as the N113, where the N indicated that it was a national road.
The Voie Verte cycle path serves the commune from Moissac to the east and the western border of Lot-et-Garonne towards Bordeaux. It will eventually run all the way from Bordeaux to Sète. The residents of Golfech are known as Golféchois.

The Golfech Nuclear Power Plant is located in the western part of the commune.

The river Barguelonne forms most of the commune's northern and north-western borders, then flows into the Garonne, which forms all of its south-western border.

Garonne
The Garonne (/ɡəˈrɒn, ɡæˈrɒn/ gə-RON, garr-ON, French: [ɡaʁɔn] ⓘ; Spanish, Catalan, Basque and Occitan: Garona, Occitan pronunciation: [ɡaˈɾunɔ]; Latin: Garumna
or Garunna) is a river that flows in southwest France and northern Spain. It flows from the central Spanish Pyrenees to the Gironde estuary at the French port of Bordeaux – a length of 529 km (329 mi), of which 47 km (29 mi) is in Spain (Val d'Aran); the total length extends to 602 km (374 mi) if one includes the Gironde estuary between the river and the sea. Its basin area is 56,000 km2 (22,000 sq mi), which increases to 84,811 km2 (32,746 sq mi) if the  Dordogne River, which flows from the east and joins the Garonne at Bec d'Ambès to form the Gironde estuary, is included.

Umayyad and  Aquitanian forces fought the Battle of the River Garonne in 732 beside the river near present-day Bordeaux.
Velarifictorus
Velarifictorus is a genus of crickets in the family Gryllidae and tribe Gryllini. Species have been recorded in Australia, Asia, and Africa, as well as the eastern United States where one species was introduced by humans..

Grylloidea
Grylloidea is the superfamily of insects, in the order Orthoptera, known as crickets. It includes the "true crickets", scaly crickets, wood crickets and many other subfamilies, now placed in six extant families; some genera are only known from fossils.

Grylloidea dates from the Triassic period and contains about 3,700 known living species in some 528 genera, as well as at least 27 extinct genera.
Gold Cup at Santa Anita top three finishers
This is a listing of the horses that finished in first, second, and third place (and the number of starters) in the Gold Cup at Santa Anita Stakes (formerly the Hollywood Gold Cup), an American Grade 1 race for three-year-olds and up at 1 1/4 miles on dirt (except 2007-2013 when on the synthetic surface, 'Cushion Track'). Since 2014, it has been held at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California; earlier runnings were held at Hollywood Park.  (List - 1938 to Present)

Arcadia, California
Arcadia is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, located about 13 miles (21 km) northeast of downtown Los Angeles in the San Gabriel Valley and at the base of the San Gabriel Mountains. It contains a series of adjacent parks consisting of the Santa Anita Park racetrack, the Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden, and Arcadia County Park. The city had a population of 56,681 at the 2020 census. The city is named after Arcadia, Greece.
Rancho Corral de Piedra
Rancho Corral de Piedra  was a 30,911-acre (125.09 km2) Mexican land grant in present day San Luis Obispo County, California consisting of two square leagues given in 1841 by Governor Juan B. Alvarado to José María Villavicencio,  with an extension of five square leagues given in 1846, by Governor Pio Pico.   The grant was located between present day San Luis Obispo and Arroyo Grande, and bounded on the south by Arroyo Grande Creek.

Juan Bautista Alvarado
Juan Bautista Valentín Alvarado y Vallejo (February 14, 1809 – July 13, 1882) usually known as Juan Bautista Alvarado, was a Californio politician who served as governor of Alta California from 1837 to 1842. Prior to his term as governor, Alvarado briefly led a movement for independence of Alta California from 1836 to 1837, in which he successfully deposed interim governor Nicolás Gutiérrez, declared independence, and created a new flag and constitution, before negotiating an agreement with the Mexican government resulting in his recognition as governor and the end of the independence movement.