hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard Grossman (author)
Richard L. Grossman (August 10, 1943 – November 22, 2011) was best known for his work challenging the legality of corporate authority. According to Ralph Nader he 'pioneered the rediscovery of American corporate charter history'. He was the former Executive Director of Greenpeace USA, founder of Environmentalists for Full Employment, and former co-director of the Program on Corporations, Law and Democracy (POCLAD). He was co-author of Taking Care of Business: Citizenship and the Charter of Incorporation and Fear at Work. He lectured and organized widely on issues of corporate power, environmental justice, labor rights, and democracy.

Grossman attended Columbia University, graduating in 1965.  He then served as a Peace Corps volunteer in the Philippines. In 1968, he signed the "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War.

Labor rights
Labor rights or workers' rights are both legal rights and human rights relating to labor relations between workers and employers. These rights are codified in national and international labor and employment law. In general, these rights influence working conditions in the relations of employment. One of the most prominent is the right to freedom of association, otherwise known as the right to organize. Workers organized in trade unions exercise the right to collective bargaining to improve working conditions.
Filename extension
A filename extension, file name extension or file extension is a suffix to the name of a computer file (for example, .txt, .mp3, .exe) that indicates a characteristic of the file contents or its intended use. A filename extension is typically delimited from the rest of the filename with a full stop (period), but in some systems it is separated with spaces.

Some file systems, such as the FAT file system used in DOS, implement filename extensions as a feature of the file system itself and may limit the length and format of the extension, while others, such as Unix file systems, the VFAT file system, and NTFS, treat filename extensions as part of the filename without special distinction.

Executable
In computing, an executable is a resource that a computer can use to control its behavior. As with all information in computing, it is data, but distinct from data that does not imply a flow of control. Terms such as executable code, executable file, executable program, and executable image describe forms in which the information is represented and stored. A native executable is machine code and is directly executable at the instruction level of a CPU. A script is also executable although indirectly via an interpreter. Intermediate executable code (such as bytecode) may be interpreted or converted to native code at runtime via just-in-time compilation.
22nd Saskatchewan Legislature
The 22nd Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan was elected in the 1991 Saskatchewan election. It was controlled by the New Democratic Party under Premier Roy Romanow. With 66 representatives elected, the 22nd Assembly had the largest number of MLAs in Saskatchewan history.

In the fall of 1992 former premier Grant Devine resigned as leader of the opposition Progressive Conservative party. Richard Swenson temporarily led the PC caucus from 1992 to 1994, then was succeeded by Bill Boyd for the remaining year of the 22nd Assembly.

Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan
The Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan (French: Assemblée législative de la Saskatchewan) is the legislative chamber of the Saskatchewan Legislature in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Saskatchewan, in the name of the King of Canada. The assembly meets at the Saskatchewan Legislative Building in Regina.

There are 61 constituencies in the province, which elect members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). All are single-member districts, though the cities of Regina, Saskatoon and Moose Jaw were in the past represented through multi-member districts, with members elected through block voting.

The legislature has been unicameral since its establishment; there has never been a provincial upper house.

The 30th Saskatchewan Legislature was elected at the 2024 Saskatchewan general election.
Litanies (Mozart)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart composed four litanies in his service as a church musician for the Salzburg Cathedral, two of which are settings of the Litaniae Lauretanae, the Litany of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The other two are settings of the Litaniae de venerabili altaris sacramento, venerating the Eucharist. Mozart composed the works for four soloists, choir, instruments, and continuo. The litanies appeared in Bärenreiter's Neue Mozart-Ausgabe (NMA) in 1969.

Figured bass
Figured bass is musical notation in which numerals and symbols appear above or below (or next to) a bass note. The numerals and symbols (often accidentals) indicate intervals, chords, and non-chord tones that a musician playing piano, harpsichord, organ, or lute (or other instruments capable of playing chords) should play in relation to the bass note. Figured bass is closely associated with basso continuo: a historically improvised accompaniment used in almost all genres of music in the Baroque period of Classical music (c. 1600–1750), though rarely in modern music. Figured bass is also known as thoroughbass.

Other systems for denoting or representing chords include plain staff notation, used in classical music; Roman numerals, commonly used in harmonic analysis; chord letters, sometimes used in modern musicology; the Nashville Number System; and various chord names and symbols used in jazz and popular music (e.g., C Major or simply C; D minor, Dm, or D−; G7, etc.).
Diana Koleva
Diana Khristova Koleva-Tsvetanova (née Koleva, Bulgarian: Диана Колева; born 24 October 1959) is a  Bulgarian former badminton player. She competed in three consecutive Summer Olympics in 1992 Barcelona, 1996 Atlanta, and 2000 Sydney. Koleva won sixteen times the National Championships title from 1985 to 2003. She also won the women's singles title at the 1988/89 season of European Circuit.

Bulgarian National Badminton Championships
The Bulgarian National Badminton Championships is a tournament organized to crown the best badminton players in Bulgaria. They are held since 1985. The same year the junior championships and the Bulgarian International started.
Bill Morrison (director)
Bill Morrison (born November 17, 1965) is an Academy Award nominated filmmaker and artist. His films often combine rare archival material set to contemporary music, and have been screened in theaters, cinemas, museums, galleries, and concert halls around the world.

International Documentary Association
International Documentary Association (IDA), founded in 1982, is a non-profit 501(c)(3) that promotes nonfiction filmmakers, and is dedicated to increasing public awareness for the documentary genre. Their major program areas are: Advocacy, Filmmaker Services, Education, and Public Programs and Events.

Based in Los Angeles, the IDA has approximately 2,800 members in over 50 countries, providing a forum for supporters and suppliers of documentary filmmaking.
Antonio Vidal (footballer)
Antonio Vidal Caturla (25 March 1923 – 19 April 1999) was a Spanish footballer who played as a forward.

Born in Alcoy, Alicante, he made his debut for Hércules CF on 1 March 1942 aged 18. In 1946, he moved to his hometown club, CD Alcoyano. The next year, he joined Atlético Madrid for 450,000 pesetas, where he played up front in the Delantera de la Seda alongside José Juncosa, Alfonso Silva, Paco Campos and Adrián Escudero. He later suffered pulmonary problems, and retired in November 1948. In 1952, he returned to football with Jumilla CF. In 1963, he managed the club Hispania in Almería.

He gained his only international cap on 21 March 1948 in a 2–0 friendly win over Portugal at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in Madrid, as an Atlético Madrid player.

CD Alcoyano
Club Deportivo Alcoyano, S.A.D. is a Spanish football team based in Alcoy, in the  autonomous community of Valencia. Founded in 1928, it plays in Segunda Federación – Group 3, holding home games in Estadio El Collao, with a capacity of 4,850 seats.
Gaston Van Volxem
Gaston Louis Van Volxem (born 24 April 1895, date of death unknown) was a Belgian ice hockey player. As part of the national ice hockey team, he won a bronze medal at the 1914 European Championships, and finished fifth and seventh at the 1920 and 1924 Olympics, respectively.

Belgium men's national ice hockey team
The Belgium men's national ice hockey team is the national men's ice hockey team of Belgium, and has been a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) since 1908. They have played in four Olympic Games, the last in 1936. The team also participated in the European Championships from 1910 to 1932. They have won 2 bronze medals (1910, 1911), 1 silver medal (1927), and 1 gold medal (1913).
Pärnu International Documentary and Science Film Festival
Pärnu International Documentary and Science Film Festival (Estonian: Pärnu rahvusvaheline dokumentaal- ja teadusfilmide festival) is an Estonian film festival which every year takes place in Pärnu. The festival is organized by Pärnu IVA Society. This festival is the oldest festival in Baltic states.

Before 2019 the festival was called as Pärnu International Documentary and Anthropology Film Festival.

Festival's idea came from Lennart Meri. First festival took place in 1987.

Festival's main topics are related to survival of indigenous people and their cultures. In addition, festival shows also films about social interpretations of contemporary society, or films about interesting people.

Lennart Meri
Lennart Georg Meri (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈlenːɑrtː keˈorːːk ˈmeri]; 29 March 1929 – 14 March 2006) was an Estonian writer, film director, and statesman. He was the country's foreign minister from 1990 to 1992 and President of Estonia from 1992 to 2001.
Bruce Davey
Bruce Davey is an Australian film producer.

A partner in Icon Entertainment alongside Mel Gibson, Sydney-born Davey has produced many films including Apocalypto, The Passion of the Christ, Push, and Braveheart for which he won an Academy Award for Best Picture. Davey began as Gibson's CPA after being recommended by Gibson's running coach in Gallipoli. After becoming Gibson's business manager, the two men founded Icon Productions in 1989.

CPA Australia
CPA Australia ("Certified Practising Accountant") is a professional accounting body in Australia, originally founded as the "Incorporated Institute of Accountants" in 1886. As of 31 December 2020, it has 168,736 members in 150 countries and regions. CPA Australia currently has 19 staffed offices across Australia, China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Vietnam, New Zealand and the UK.
Wolfgang Rauls
Wolfgang Rauls (17 June 1948 – 19 June 2023) was a German politician of the Free Democratic Party (FDP). He was the last leader of the National Democratic Party during the Wende, before its eventual merger into the Free Democratic Party. After German reunification, he entered state politics in Saxony-Anhalt, serving as Minister for the Environment and, eventually, Deputy Minister-President in the CDU cabinets from 1990 to 1994.

Bloc party
A bloc party (German: Blockpartei), sometimes called a satellite party, is a political party that is a constituent member of an electoral bloc. However, the term also has a more specific meaning, referring to non-ruling but legal political parties in a one-party state (most notably communist states as auxiliary parties and members of a ruling coalition, differing such governments from pure one-party states such as Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union) although such minor parties rarely if ever constitute opposition parties or alternative sources of power. Other authoritarian regimes may also have multiple political parties which are nominally independent in order to give the appearance of political pluralism, but support or act in de facto cooperation with the government or ruling party.
Dakshinamurti
Dakshinamurti (Sanskrit: दक्षिणामूर्ति, romanized: Dakṣiṇāmūrti) is an aspect of the Hindu god Shiva as a guru (teacher). He is regarded to be the personification of the supreme or the ultimate awareness, understanding, and knowledge. Dakshinamurti represents Shiva as a teacher of yoga, music, and wisdom, offering an exposition of the Shastras. He is worshipped as the god of wisdom and meditation.

Shastra
Śāstra (Sanskrit: शास्त्र, romanized: Śāstra pronounced [ɕaːstrɐ]) is a Sanskrit word that means "precept, rules, manual, compendium, book or treatise" in a general sense. The word is generally used as a suffix in the Indian literature context, for technical or specialized knowledge in a defined area of practice.

Śāstra has a similar meaning to English -logy, e.g. ecology, psychology, meaning scientific and basic knowledge on a particular subject. Examples in terms of modern neologisms include

bhautikaśāstra 'physics',

rasaśāstra 'chemistry',

jīvaśāstra 'biology',

vāstuśāstra 'architectural science',

śilpaśāstra 'science of mechanical arts and sculpture',

arthaśāstra 'science of politics and economics',

nītiśāstra 'compendium of ethics or right policy', and

natyasāstra 'art of performing arts.'

In Western literature, Śāstra is sometimes spelled as Sastra, reflecting a misunderstanding of the IAST symbol 'ś', which corresponds to the English 'sh'.
Delvic Building
The Delvic Building is a historic commercial building in Hibbing, Minnesota, United States.  It was constructed in 1922 when Hibbing was a company town for a subsidiary of U.S. Steel, which took the unusual step of designing the commercial as well as residential sectors.  In previous company towns, such as Coleraine, Minnesota, or Gary, Indiana, the controlling industry focused on employee housing and left commercial development to private entrepreneurs.  The Delvic Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its local significance in the themes of commerce, community planning and development, and industry.  It was nominated for exemplifying the type of building constructed in Hibbing's planned downtown, and for attesting to this evolution in corporate control of community development.

When the East Howard Street Commercial Historic District was designated in 1993, the Delvic Building was listed as a contributing property.

Hibbing, Minnesota
Hibbing is a city in Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 16,214 at the 2020 census. The city was built on mining the rich iron ore of the Mesabi Iron Range and still relies on that industry today. At the edge of town is the world's largest open-pit iron mine, the Hull–Rust–Mahoning Open Pit Iron Mine.

Hibbing's main routes are U.S. Highway 169, State Highway 37, State Highway 73, Howard Street, and 1st Avenue. It is about 59 miles (95 km) northwest of Duluth, Minnesota.
Juggy Murray
Juggy Murray (November 24, 1923 – February 8, 2005) was an American record label owner, producer and singer-songwriter. He co-founded Sue Records which launched the career of Ike & Tina Turner. Subsidiary labels under the Sue were Symbol, Broadway, Eastern and Crackerjack. Murray recorded artists Don Covay, Jimmy McGriff, Inez Foxx, and Baby Washington, as well as releasing solo records.

Broadway Records (1947)
Broadway Records was a record label founded in 1947. Vincent Puccio Sr. founded the new label in Los Angeles. His brother, Gasper, played a key role in the early years and went on to found Houston Records in 1958. The Broadway disc label was maroon with silver script. Sometimes "Value" appeared under the cursive "Broadway". Value Hit Parade Tunes was another label owned by Puccio. Both labels were found on millions of 78s, 45s, and LPs. By 1989, with the emergence of the compact disc, Broadway Records was out of business. Both catalogues were sold to 108th Street Records.

It was unrelated to the previous record company of the same name.
2022 Dubai Tennis Championships
The 2022 Dubai Tennis Championships (also known as the Dubai Duty Free Tennis Championships for sponsorship reasons) was an ATP 500 event on the 2022 ATP Tour and a WTA 500 tournament on the 2022 WTA Tour. Both events were held at the Aviation Club Tennis Centre in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The women's tournament took place from February 14 to 19 and the men's tournament from February 21 to 26.

Jan-Lennard Struff
Jan-Lennard Struff (German pronunciation: [ʃtʁʊf]; born 25 April 1990) is a German professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 21, achieved on 19 June 2023. He also reached a best doubles ranking of No. 21 on 22 October 2018. He is currently the No. 3 German singles player.

Struff became the third oldest first-time ATP champion (since the inception of the ATP Tour in 1990) in 2024 at the age of 33, when he won his first ATP singles title by beating third seeded Taylor Fritz in straight sets in the final of the BMW Open.
Deng Shiru
Deng Shirú (Teng Shih-ju, traditional: 鄧石如, simplified: 邓石如; c. 1739/1743–1805) was a Chinese calligrapher during the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912).

Deng was born in Huaining 懷寧 in the Anhui 安徽 province. His style name was 'Wanbo' 顽伯 and his sobriquets were 'Wanbai shanren 皖白山人, Wan bai 完白, Guhuan, Gu wanzi 故浣子, Youji daoren 游笈道人, Fengshui yuzhang 鳳水漁長, and Longshan qiaozhang 龍山樵長'. Deng studied at the Shen Chun Academy. He later learned the art of Seal cutting.

Sobriquet
A sobriquet (/ˈsoʊ.brɪ.ˌkeɪ, ˌsoʊ.brɪ.ˈkeɪ/ SOH-brih-kay, -⁠KAY) is a descriptive nickname, sometimes assumed, but often given by another. A sobriquet is distinct from a pseudonym in that it is typically a familiar name used in place of a real name without the need for explanation; it may even become more familiar than the original name.

An example is Mohandas Gandhi, who is better known as Mahatma Gandhi ("mahatma" means "great soul" in Sanskrit).

The term sobriquet is equally applicable as a name for a person, group of people, historical event, or place. Well-known places often have sobriquets, such as New York City, often called the "Big Apple", or Rome, the "Eternal City", or Vienna, the "Golden Apple" or Paris the "City of Light".
C166 family
The C166 family is a 16-bit microcontroller architecture from Infineon (formerly the semiconductor division of Siemens) in cooperation with STMicroelectronics. It was first released in 1990 and is a controller for measurement and control tasks. It uses the well-established RISC architecture, but features some microcontroller-specific extensions such as bit-addressable memory and an interrupt system optimized for low-latency. When this architecture was introduced the main focus was to replace 8051 controllers (from Intel).

Opcode-compatible successors of the C166 family are the C167 family, XC167 family, the XE2000 family and the XE166 family.

As of 2017, microcontrollers using the C166 architecture are still being manufactured by NIIET in Voronezh, Russia, as part of the 1887 series of integrated circuits. This includes a radiation-hardened device under the designation 1887VE6T (Russian: 1887ВЕ6Т).

Infineon Technologies
Infineon Technologies AG is a German company designing and manufacturing semiconductor devices. It provides parts for automotive, power and security systems.  The company was spun-off from Siemens AG in 1999. Infineon has about 57,000 employees in 2025.
Angelica Guerrero-Cuellar
Angelica Guerrero-Cuellar is a Democratic member of the Illinois House of Representatives from the 22nd district since February 25, 2021. The 22nd district, located in the Chicago area, includes parts of Bedford Park and Burbank and includes all or parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of Archer Heights, Ashburn, Brighton Park, Chicago Lawn, Clearing, Gage Park, Garfield Ridge, West Elsdon, and West Lawn.

Archer Heights, Chicago
Archer Heights is a community area in Chicago, Illinois, one of the 77 official community areas of Chicago.

Archer Avenue runs from south of Chicago's downtown area, through the southwest side of Chicago and beyond into the southwest suburbs, along what was once a Native American trail. The neighborhood is bounded by the Stevenson Expressway to the north, the CTA Orange Line to the south, the Corwith railyard to the east, and the railroad tracks/Knox Avenue to the west.
Robert Downes (politician)
Robert Downes (1708 – 24 June 1754) was an Irish politician, who is chiefly remembered as father of William Downes, Lord Chief Justice of Ireland and the 1st Baron Downes.

He was the only son of Dive Downes, Bishop of Cork and Ross, and his fourth wife Catherine Fitzgerald, daughter of Honorable Robert FitzGerald and his wife Mary Clotworthy, and sister of  Robert FitzGerald, 19th Earl of Kildare. His father had come to Ireland from Thornby, Northamptonshire in the 1670s.

Robert married Elizabeth Twigge, daughter of  Thomas  Twigge of Donnybrook, and had two sons, Dive (died 1798), a clergyman, and William Downes, 1st Baron Downes (1751-1826), Lord Chief Justice of Ireland, as well as at least two daughters.

Downes sat in the Irish House of Commons as the Member of Parliament for Kildare Borough from 1735 to his death in 1754.

He lived at Donnybrook Castle, County Dublin. His death was agreed to be accidental, due to running himself through with his own  sword.

Bishop of Cork and Ross
The Bishop of Cork and Ross is an episcopal title which takes its name after the city of Cork and the County Cork town of Rosscarbery in the Republic of Ireland. The combined title was first used by the Church of Ireland from 1638 to 1660 and again from 1679 to 1835. At present the title is being used by the Roman Catholic Church.
June 2025 South Africa floods
The June 2025 South Africa floods were caused by torrential rain, heavy winds, and snow that swept through Cape Town, South Africa, causing dozens of deaths and displacing thousands. A powerful cold front had swept through Cape Town and neighboring provinces beginning 10 June 2025. The storm caused rivers to burst their banks producing floodwaters of up to 3–4 metres (10–13 ft) deep around Mthatha, leading to homes, vehicles, buses, and individuals caught off guard to be swept away, People were stranded on rooftops and in trees awaiting rescue following the storms. The city (Mthatha) is near the village of Qunu, birthplace of Nelson Mandela, the late anti-apartheid hero and former president.

On 18 June, a national disaster was declared, one week after the floods began.

Mthatha
Mthatha (/əmˈtɑːtɑː/ əm-TAH-tah, Xhosa: [ḿ̩ˈtʰâːtʰà] ⓘ), alternatively rendered Umtata, is the main city of the King Sabata Dalindyebo Local Municipality in Eastern Cape province of South Africa and the capital of OR Tambo District Municipality. The city has an airport, previously known as the K. D. Matanzima Airport after former leader Kaiser Matanzima. Mthatha derives its name from the nearby Mthatha River which was named after the sneezewood (umtati) trees, famous for their wood and medicinal properties.
Black Book of Basingwerk
The Black Book of Basingwerk (Welsh: Llyfr Du Basing) is an illuminated manuscript in the National Library of Wales (NLW MS 7006D) containing, among other texts, a Welsh translation of Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae. It is mostly the work of the Welsh poet and scribe Gutun Owain (fl. 1460–1500).  The illumination is limited to three decorated initials, and two marginal drawings now barely visible to the naked eye.

Geoffrey of Monmouth
Geoffrey of Monmouth (Latin: Galfridus Monemutensis, Galfridus Arturus; Welsh: Gruffudd ap Arthur, Sieffre o Fynwy; c. 1095 – c. 1155) was a  Christian cleric from Monmouth, Wales, and one of the major figures in the popularity of tales of King Arthur.

He is best known for his chronicle The History of the Kings of Britain (Latin: De gestis Britonum or Historia Regum Britanniae) which was widely popular in its day, being translated into other languages from its original Latin. It was given historical credence well into the 16th century, but is now considered historically unreliable.