hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Upper Midwest forest–savanna transition
The Upper Midwest forest–savanna transition is a terrestrial ecoregion that is defined by the World Wildlife Fund. An oak savanna plant community located in the Upper Midwest region of the United States, it is an ecotone (a transitional area) between the tallgrass prairies to the west and the temperate deciduous forests to the east. A part of the Upper Mississippi River basin, it is considered endangered with less than 5% of the original ecosystem remaining intact, due mostly to overgrazing and conversion to agriculture.

Ecotone
An ecotone is a transitional area between two plant communities, where these meet and integrate. Examples include areas between grassland and forest, estuary and lagoon, and freshwater and sea water. An ecotone may be narrow or wide, and it may be local (the zone between a field and forest) or regional (the transition between forest and grassland ecosystems). An ecotone may appear on the ground as a gradual blending of the two communities across a broad area, or it may manifest itself as a sharp boundary line.
Michael Joseph Keyes
Michael Joseph Keyes, S.M. (February 28, 1876 – August 7, 1959) was an Irish-born American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as bishop of the Diocese of Savannah in Georgia from 1922 to 1935.  He previously served as director of Marist College at the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C.

Society of Mary (Marists)
The Society of Mary (Latin: Societas Mariæ), better known as the Marists, is a Catholic religious congregation of pontifical right. Founded in Cerdon, France, by Jean-Claude Colin, the Society of Mary was recognized by an apostolic brief on April 29, 1836, and is made up of several branches (fathers, brothers, sisters, third order).
Rosalinda Galli
Rosalinda Galli (born February 27, 1949) is an Italian voice actress, who is part of the ADAP (Associazione Doppiatori Attori Pubblicitari - Association of cast actors advertising).

She is particularly known for being the Italian voice of Lum in the anime and manga series Urusei Yatsura, Beauty Tachibana in Invincible Steel Man Daitarn 3, and Hikaru Makiba in Grendizer.

Her other voice-over roles include the original voice of Marina in the first Italian dub of Hans Christian Andersen's The Little Mermaid, as well as other characters in Attack No. 1, Attacker You!, Candy Candy, Hana no Ko Lunlun, Ohayō! Spank, Oniisama e..., Scooby-Doo, Story of the Alps: My Annette, and The Rose of Versailles.

Hans Christian Andersen's The Little Mermaid (1975 film)
Hans Christian Andersen's The Little Mermaid (アンデルセン童話 にんぎょ姫, Anderusen Dōwa: Ningyo-hime; lit. 'Andersen's Fairy Tales: Princess Mermaid') is a Japanese anime film based on Hans Christian Andersen's 1837 fairy tale, released in 1975 by Toei Animation. This film is close to Andersen's story, notably in its preservation of the original and tragic ending. The two main protagonists are the youngest daughter of the royal family, Marina, and her best friend Fritz, an Atlantic dolphin calf. In Japan, this film was shown in the Toei Manga Matsuri (Toei Cartoon Festival) in 1975.

The film was later released in the United States, dubbed into English by G. G. Communications, Inc. and Prima Film, Inc., in January of 1979, under the title: Hans Christian Anderson's The Little Mermaid (Andersen's name would be correctly spelled in subsequent releases).

Comedy podcast RiffTrax (Michael J. Nelson, Bill Corbett and Kevin Murphy) recorded and released a riff in 2024.
Breakbones Plateau
Breakbones Plateau is a small lava plateau just north of Chimaera Flats on Candlemas Island, South Sandwich Islands. The feature is an interesting biological area containing numerous small fumaroles with attendant vegetation. The name applied by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1971 refers both to the difficulty of travel and to the presence of a large breeding colony of giant petrels (Macronectes giganteus), sometimes known as "breakbones".

South Sandwich Islands
The South Sandwich Islands (Spanish: Islas Sandwich del Sur) are a chain of uninhabited volcanic islands in the South Atlantic Ocean. They are administered as part of the British Overseas Territory of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. The chain lies in the sub-Antarctic region, about 700 kilometres (430 mi) southeast of South Georgia and 1,700 kilometres (1,100 mi) northeast from the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula.

The archipelago comprises 11 main islands forming an island arc running north–south, the largest being Montagu at 110 square kilometres (42 sq mi). It is divided into four groups, from north to south: The Traversay, Candlemas and Central Islands (Saunders, Montagu, and Bristol), and Southern Thule.

The archipelago is prone to violent earthquakes. Over the previous century, nine M 7+ earthquakes have occurred here, the most recent being the M 8.1 in August 2021. None of these earthquakes are known to have caused fatalities due to their remote location.
Silent Models
Silent Models New York, founded in 2008, is a boutique modeling agency based in New York. Silent Models New York represents notable models Line Brems, Freja Jeppesen, Emma Stern, and Camilla Christensen.  Silent's models have appeared in editorials for Vogue Italia, Vogue Paris, 032c, French Revue de Modes, Harper's Bazaar, Vs. and others. The agency's models have also appeared in campaigns for Calvin Klein, Gucci, Prada, Miu Miu, Ralph Lauren, Tory Burch, Juicy Couture and other top designers and fashion houses.

Vogue Italia
Vogue Italia is the Italian edition of Vogue magazine owned by Condé Nast International. In publication since 1964, it has been called the top fashion magazine in the world. The publication is currently edited by Francesca Ragazzi and was previously edited by Emanuele Farneti, Franca Sozzani and others.
Australian Protectionist Party
The Australian Protectionist Party (APP) is a minor nationalist political party in Australia. The party stated that it had been formed to fill the void of a pro-Australian party within the political arena based on traditional values.

The APP was formed in 2007 as a splinter organization of the Australia First Party, party led by Jim Saleam. The party was registered as a federal political party with the Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) on 18 January 2011 and de-registered on 18 June 2015. The party continues to have an active website and seeks donations. Its current officeholders are not disclosed and its address is given as a PO box in Tasmania.

Post office box
A post office box (commonly abbreviated as P.O. box, or also known as a postal box) is a uniquely addressable lockable box located on the premises of a post office.

In some regions, particularly in Africa, there is no door-to-door delivery of mail; for example, in Kenya. Consequently, renting a PO box has traditionally been the only way to receive mail in such countries.

Generally, post office boxes are rented from the post office either by individuals or by businesses on a basis ranging from monthly to annual, and the cost of rent varies depending on the box size. Central business district (CBD) PO boxes are usually more expensive than rural PO boxes.
Brown springsnail
The brown springsnail, scientific name Pyrgulopsis sola, is a species of very small freshwater snail that has a gill and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Hydrobiidae. This species is endemic to Arizona, the United States.

Snail
A snail is a shelled gastropod. The name is most often applied to land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. However, the common name snail is also used for most of the members of the molluscan class Gastropoda that have a coiled shell that is large enough for the animal to retract completely into. When the word "snail" is used in this most general sense, it includes not just land snails but also numerous species of sea snails and freshwater snails. Gastropods that naturally lack a shell, or have only an internal shell, are mostly called slugs, and land snails that have only a very small shell (that they cannot retract into) are sometimes called semi-slugs.
Grünwald, Bavaria
Grünwald (German pronunciation: [ˈɡʁyːnvalt] ⓘ, "Greenwood" or "green forest") is a municipality in the district of Munich, in the state of Bavaria, Germany. It is located on the right bank of the Isar, 12 km southwest of Munich (centre). As of 31 December 2020 it had a population of 11,303.

Grünwald is best known for medieval Grünwald Castle (Burg Grünwald), the Bavaria Film Studios (one of Europe's biggest and most famous movie production studios), and as a domicile for many prominent and rich people (Grünwald is the wealthiest municipality in Germany). The castle serves as a branch of the Bavarian Archaeological Museum.

For the 1972 Summer Olympics, the municipality hosted the individual road race cycling event. A nearly 23 km (14 mi) circuit to be traversed eight times was used.

Isar
The Isar (pronounced [ˈiːzaʁ] ⓘ) is a river in Austria and in Bavaria, Germany. Its source is in the Karwendel mountain range of the Alps. The Isar river enters Germany near Mittenwald and flows through Krün, Wallgau, Bad Tölz, Munich, and Landshut, before reaching the Danube near Deggendorf. With 295 km length, it is among the longest rivers in Bavaria, and it is Germany's second most important tributary of the Danube.
Sexism and video games
Sexism in video gaming is prejudiced behavior or discrimination based on sex or gender as experienced by people who play and create video games, primarily women. This may manifest as sexual harassment or in the way genders are represented in games, such as when characters are presented according to gender-related tropes and stereotypes.

Since the 1980s and 1990s, video game culture has veered from its original perception as a space for just young men. Women make up about 50 percent of all game players as of the 2010s. The growing presence of women in the gaming sphere, and subsequently publicized incidents of harassment towards women in this field, has pushed industry professionals to pay attention to sexism in video gaming.

Cards Against Humanity
Cards Against Humanity is an adult card-based party game in which players complete fill-in-the-blank statements, using words or phrases typically deemed offensive, risqué, or politically incorrect, printed on playing cards. It has been compared to the card game Apples to Apples (1999).

The game originated with a Kickstarter campaign in 2011. The game's title refers to the phrase "crimes against humanity", reflecting its politically incorrect content.
Gyula Rákosi
Gyula Rákosi (born 9 October 1938) is a Hungarian former footballer.

During his club career he played for Ferencvárosi TC. He earned 41 caps and scored 4 goals for the Hungary national football team from 1960 to 1968, and participated in the 1962 FIFA World Cup, the 1964 European Nations' Cup, and the 1966 FIFA World Cup. He was in the squad of Ferencvárosi TC that has won the 1964–65 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. He also won a bronze medal in football at the 1960 Summer Olympics. He finished his career in 1972. Later he worked as a coach, inter alia in the Middle East (Kuwait).

Football at the 1960 Summer Olympics
The football tournament at the 1960 Summer Olympics was held from 26 August to 10 September in 1960 throughout Italy. The tournament featured 16 men's national teams from four continental confederations. Starting with this edition, the competition's format was changed: rather than a knockout tournament like in the previous Olympic Games, the 16 teams were drawn into four groups of four and each group played a round-robin tournament, in a similar format to that instituted in the 1958 FIFA World Cup, which persists to the present day. At the end of the group stage, the first-ranked teams of each group advanced to the semi-finals, and culminating with the gold medal match in Rome on 10 September 1960.
Pekin Celestials
The Pekin Celestials were an Illinois–Missouri League baseball team based in Pekin, Illinois, USA that played from 1909 to 1913.

In their very first season, the Celestials had four different managers. Two future major league baseball players played for them that year as well: Cecil Coombs and Mike Prendergast. Coombs played for them in 1910 as well. In 1911 and 1912, future big leaguers Jim Bluejacket and Patsy McGaffigan played for the Celestials. 1913 is the only year in which no known future big league players played for the Celestials.

Patsy McGaffigan
Mark Andrew "Patsy" McGaffigan (September 12, 1888 – December 22, 1940) was an American Major League Baseball second baseman and shortstop who played for two seasons. He played for the Philadelphia Phillies in 73 total games in 1917 and 1918.
Ivory Coast of Sviatoslav National Nature Park
The Ivory Coast of Sviatoslav National Nature Park (Ukrainian: Національний природний парк «Білобережжя Святослава»), is situated on the north coast of the Black Sea in southern Ukraine.  It covers portions of Dnieper–Bug estuary, the Kinburn Peninsula just south of the estuary, and Yahorlyk Bay, a shallow bay of the Black Sea itself.  Adjacent to the site along the coast is the Black Sea Biosphere Reserve.  The various tracts protect and display the steppe ecology of south Ukraine and the adjacent waters.  The park is in Mykolaiv Raion in Mykolaiv Oblast.

Dnieper–Bug estuary
The Dnieper–Bug estuary (Ukrainian: Дніпровсько-Бузький лиман, romanized: Dniprovsko-Buzkyi lyman), also called the Dniprovska Gulf, is an open estuary, or liman, of two rivers: the Dnieper and the Southern Bug (also called the Boh River). It is located on the northern coast of the Black Sea and is separated from it by the Kinburn Spit and the Cape of Ochakiv.
Kawkareik Township
Kawkareik Township (Pwo Eastern Karen: ကောဝ်တြာ်ကၞင့်; Burmese: ကော့ကရိတ်မြို့နယ်, Burmese pronunciation: [kɔ̰kəɹeɪʔ mjo̰nɛ̀]; S'gaw Karen: ကီၢ်ကရံၣ်ကီၢ်ဆၣ်) is the only township of Kawkareik District in the Karen State of Myanmar (Burma). The principal town is Kawkareik. Kawkareik township is the second most populated township in Karen State and there are many small villages inside. In 2022, the Ministry of Home Affairs split up Kawkareik District, leaving the township as the only township of the district.

Ministry of Home Affairs (Myanmar)
The Ministry of Home Affairs (Burmese: ပြည်ထဲရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန, Pyi-dàe-yè-wun-gyì-ta-ná; abbreviated MOHA) administers Myanmar's internal affairs. Headquartered in the Myanmar capital Naypyidaw, it is one of three ministries that are directly controlled by Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services.
Van Valkengoed
Van Valkengoed is a Dutch surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jolijn van Valkengoed (born 1981), Dutch swimmer

Thijs van Valkengoed (born 1983), Dutch swimmer, brother of Jolijn

Anne van Valkengoed, Dutch environmental psychologist at the University of Groningen.

Jolijn van Valkengoed
Jolijn van Valkengoed (born August 26, 1981, in Lelystad) is a Dutch swimmer, who mainly specializes in breaststroke. She is currently training in her hometown Lelystad together with her younger brother Thijs. At the age of 24 she made her international debut at the European Championships 2006 in Budapest. At the 2008 European Aquatics Championships in Eindhoven she won a bronze medal in the 4×100 medley relay. She also qualified for Beijing 2008 as the breaststroke swimmer in the 4×100 medley relay. At the short course she has been the owner of the national record in the 50 m breaststroke.
Florencio Sánchez, Uruguay
Florencio Sánchez is a small city of the Colonia Department of southwestern Uruguay, on the border with Soriano Department, and is a southern extension of the city Cardona of that department. It is named after the Uruguayan writer and politician Florencio Sánchez and is home to more than 3,700 people.

Soriano Department
Soriano (Spanish pronunciation: [soˈɾjano]) is a department of Uruguay. Its capital is Mercedes. It is located on the west of the country, south of Río Negro Department, north of Colonia Department and west of Flores Department. Its western border is the Río Uruguay, separating it from Argentina.
Delta Lake (Teton County, Wyoming)
Delta Lake is located in Grand Teton National Park, in the U.S. state of Wyoming. Delta Lake is situated in Glacier Gulch and is fed rock flour (glacial silt) from the Teton Glacier, which turns the water turquoise in appearance. It has been an increasingly popular hiking destination in the park, with the number of hikers increasing 164% from 2016 to 2018. The easiest walk to the lake is by way of the a hike commencing from the Lupine Meadows trailhead. Following the trail to Surprise and Amphitheater Lakes and an off trail effort to the north from Surprise Lake provides access to Delta Lake. The effort is considered strenuous for even getting to Surprise Lake is nearly a ten mile roundtrip with over 3,000 feet (910 m) of elevation gain. Below Delta Lake lies Glacier Falls, an intermittent 300-foot (91 m) waterfall.

Teton Glacier
Teton Glacier is a mountain glacier located below the north face of Grand Teton (peak 13,775 feet (4,199 m)) in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, United States. Its neighbors are Mount Owen (12,933 feet (3,942 m)) to the west and Teewinot Mountain 12,330 feet (3,758 m) to the north.

Teton Glacier is the largest of the twelve named glaciers in the park and one of 37 glaciers in Wyoming. In 1971, the glacier was about 3,500 ft (1,100 m) long and 1,100 ft (340 m) wide. Between 1967 and 2006, Teton Glacier lost about 14 to 20 percent of its surface area, a reduction from 64 to 53 acres (26 to 21 ha).
Europium compounds
Europium compounds are compounds formed by the lanthanide metal europium (Eu). In these compounds, europium generally exhibits the +3 oxidation state, such as EuCl3, Eu(NO3)3 and Eu(CH3COO)3. Compounds with europium in the +2 oxidation state are also known. The +2 ion of europium is the most stable divalent ion of lanthanide metals in aqueous solution. Many europium compounds fluoresce under ultraviolet light due to the excitation of electrons to higher energy levels. Lipophilic europium complexes often feature acetylacetonate-like ligands, e.g., Eufod.

Europium(III) oxide
Europium(III) oxide (Eu2O3), is a chemical compound of europium and oxygen. It is widely used as a red or blue phosphor in television sets and fluorescent lamps, and as an activator for yttrium-based phosphors. It is also an agent for the manufacture of fluorescent glass. Europium fluorescence is used in the anti-counterfeiting phosphors in Euro banknotes.

Europium oxide has two common structures: Monoclinic (mS30, space group C2/m, No. 12) and cubic (cI80, space group Ia3, No. 206). The cubic structure is similar to that of manganese(III) oxide.

It may be formed by ignition of europium metal.

It can react with acids to form the corresponding europium(III) salts.
2023 Men's Oceania Cup
The 2023 Men's Oceania Cup was the twelfth edition of the Men's Oceania Cup after the cancellation of the 2022 edition due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the biennial international men's field hockey championship of Oceania organised by the Oceania Hockey Federation. It was held from 10 to 13 August 2023.

Australia were the defending champions, having won all previous editions. The event consisted of a three match series between defending champions Australia and series hosts, New Zealand.  Australia, as the winner, qualified for the 2024 Summer Olympics.

Field hockey at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's field hockey tournament at the 2024 Summer Olympics was the 25th edition of the field hockey event for men at the Summer Olympics. It took place from 27 July to 8 August 2024. All games were played at the Stade Yves-du-Manoir in Paris, France.

The Netherlands took home gold after a finals victory over Germany for their third title, while India took the bronze medal.
Sagvåg–Siggjarvåg Ferry
The Sagvåg–Siggjarvåg Ferry was an automobile ferry which connected the islands of Bømlo (in Bømlo Municipality) and Stord (in Stord Municipality). The route was operated by Hardanger Sunnhordlandske Dampskipsselskap (HSD) and ran between Siggjarvåg on Bømlo to Sagvåg on Stord. In 2000 the ferry transported 254,325 vehicles and 534,259 passengers.

The route was started by Ole Folgerø Holm and Halvard Halderaker with the ferry Peik between Sagvåg and Rubbestadneset. The following year, a stop at Siggjarvåg was included. With a new ferry, Aspøy, in 1957, the ferry could take a single car. This ferry remained in use until 1960. From 1 November 1962, the route was taken over by HSD, and the following year a new quay was built at Siggjarvåg. The last ferry to operate was MF Ølen, which had a capacity for 73 cars and 310 passengers. The ferry was terminated on 30 April 2001 with the opening of the Triangle Link.

Hardanger Sunnhordlandske Dampskipsselskap
Hardanger Sunnhordlandske Dampskipsselskap (HSD), founded in 1880, was one of Norway's largest privately held public transportation providers. Its bus operation HSD Buss AS was founded in 1999, and serviced 15 million passengers annually in large parts of western Norway, predominantly in Vestland. It also had a ferry service, HSD Sjø AS, transporting passengers along the west coast of Norway. The fleet consisted of 31 ferries and 10 catamarans as of 2006.

In 2006 the company merged with Gaia Trafikk forming the new company Tide.
Lynching of Christopher Davis
Christopher C. Davis was a Black man who lived near Albany, Ohio with his wife and two children. He worked as a farm laborer. In 1881, he was accused of raping a white woman, after which he was arrested. While in jail in Athens, Ohio, before his trial, a mob of White men broke into the jail and lynched him by hanging him from a bridge over the Hocking River. None of the White men were indicted of a crime.

Lynching
Lynching is an extrajudicial killing by a group. It is most often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob in order to punish an alleged or convicted transgressor or to intimidate others. It can also be an extreme form of informal group social control, and it is often conducted with the display of a public spectacle (often in the form of a hanging) for maximum intimidation. Instances of lynchings and similar mob violence can be found in all societies.

In the United States, where the word lynching likely originated, the practice became associated with vigilante justice on the frontier and mob attacks on African Americans accused of crimes. The latter became frequent in the South during the period after the Reconstruction era, especially during the nadir of American race relations. Black people are thought to be the primary victims of lynching in the U.S. (about 72% of the total).
Rafflesia witkampii
Rafflesia witkampii is a species of flowering plant in the family Rafflesiaceae. It is a parasitic flowering plant. Meijer (1997) provided a comprehensive treatment of Rafflesia in Flora Malesiana, where he reported five "incompletely known species": R. borneensis Koord., R. ciliate Koord,  R. titan Jack, R. tuan-mudae Becc., and R. witkampii Koord. These five species were considered to be incomplete due to the lack of well-preserved specimens or a convincing type specimen, to a poor description, or to a description based on an immature bud. Nais (2001) re-instated R. tuan-mundae, R. witkampii, and R. zollingeriana in his account on Rafflesia.

Rafflesiaceae
The Rafflesiaceae are a family of rare parasitic plants comprising 36 species in 3 genera found in the tropical forests of east and southeast Asia, including Rafflesia arnoldii, which has the largest flowers of all plants. The plants are endoparasites of vines in the genus Tetrastigma (Vitaceae) and lack stems, leaves, roots, and any photosynthetic tissue. They rely entirely on their host plants for both water and nutrients, and only then emerge as flowers from the roots or lower stems of the host plants.