hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Royal Queen's County Rifle Militia
The Royal Queen's County Rifle Militia was an Irish Militia regiment in Queen's County (now County Laois) raised in 1793. It later became a battalion of the Prince of Wales's Leinster Regiment (Royal Canadians). It saw action during the Irish Rebellion of 1798 and trained hundreds of reinforcements during World War I. It was disbanded in 1922.

Francis Plunkett Dunne
Major-General Francis Plunkett Dunne, PC(Ire) (died 1874) was an Irish landowner,  officer in the British Army, and member of Parliament of the United Kingdom, where he was sometimes known as 'the Honourable Member for the Army' because of his staunch support of the military.
OAKSTAR
OAKSTAR is a secret internet surveillance program of the National Security Agency (NSA) of the United States. It was disclosed in 2013 as part of the leaks by former NSA contractor Edward Snowden.

OAKSTAR is an umbrella program involving surveillance of telecommunications. It falls under the category of "Upstream collection", meaning that data is pulled directly from fiber-optic cables and top-level communications infrastructure. Upstream collection programs allow access to very high volumes of data, and most of the pre-selection is done by the providers themselves, before the data is passed on to the NSA.

The FY 2013 budget for OAKSTAR was $9.41 million. OAKSTAR consists of the following SIGADs:

Note: SIGADs not otherwise designated are presumed to operate under the legal authority of Section 702 of the FISA Amendments Act (FAA)

FISA of 1978 Amendments Act of 2008
The FISA Amendments Act of 2008, also called the FAA and Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Amendments Act of 2008, is an Act of Congress that amended the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act. It has been used as the legal basis for surveillance programs disclosed by Edward Snowden in 2013, including PRISM.
Yehuda HaKohen ben Meir
Yehuda ben Meir, also known as Yehudah Leontin, was a rabbi and Talmudic scholar of the late tenth and early eleventh century CE.

Yehuda was the principal teacher of Gershom ben Judah, and his work was highly influential on the later writings of Rashi. Yehuda was surnamed, according to some sources, either "Léon", "Léonṭe", "Léonṭin", "Sire Léon", and "Sire Léonṭin", and was designated as "the grand" and "the gaon."

His grandson was also Rabbi Yehuda ben Meir of Mainz who was the author of Sefer ha-Dinim which contains an account of his travels and those of other Jews in Eastern Europe. In this work, Przemyśl and Kyiv are mentioned as trading sites along the Radhanite trade network.

Radhanite
The Radhanites or Radanites (Hebrew: רדנים, romanized: Radanim; Arabic: الرذنية, romanized: ar-Raðaniyya) were early medieval Jewish merchants, active in the trade between Christendom and the Muslim world during roughly the 8th to the 10th centuries.
Many trade routes previously established under the Roman Empire continued to function during that period, largely through their efforts. Their trade network covered much of Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, and parts of India and China.

Only a limited number of primary sources use the term, and it remains unclear whether they referred to a specific guild, to a clan, or generically to Jewish merchants in the trans-Eurasian trade network.
Elisabeth Winkelmeier-Becker
Elisabeth Winkelmeier-Becker (née Winkelmeier, born 15 September 1962) is a German lawyer and politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag from Rhein-Sieg-Kreis I in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia since 2005.

From 2019 to 2021, Winkelmeiner-Becker also served as Parliamentary State Secretary at the Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy under Minister Peter Altmaier in the government of Chancellor Angela Merkel.

Fourth Merkel cabinet
The Fourth Merkel cabinet (German: Kabinett Merkel IV) was the 23rd Government of the Federal Republic of Germany during the 19th legislative session of the Bundestag. It was sworn in on 14 March 2018 following the 2017 federal election and dismissed on 26 October 2021, acting in a caretaker mode until 8 December 2021. It was preceded by the third Merkel cabinet and succeeded by the Scholz cabinet. Led by Chancellor Angela Merkel, it was the third cabinet under Merkel to be supported by a coalition of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), the Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU), and the Social Democratic Party (SPD).
LCDR Second Sondes class
The LCDR Second Sondes class was a class of six 2-4-0T steam locomotives. They were designed by William Martley for the London, Chatham and Dover Railway (LCDR), and built at the LCDR's Longhedge works during 1865, using components from the Sondes class 4-4-0ST locomotives, including the boilers.

In November 1875, William Kirtley (who had replaced Martley following the latter's death in 1874) allotted the class letter F. During 1876–78, the locomotives were rebuilt with new boilers and cylinders; at the same time they were given numbers, the names being removed. They passed to the South Eastern and Chatham Railway (SECR) at the start of 1899, and their numbers were increased by 459 to avoid duplication with former South Eastern Railway locomotives. New boilers were again provided in 1905–07, but all six locomotives were withdrawn in 1909.

The names were all retained from the Sondes class.

4-4-0
4-4-0, in the Whyte notation, denotes a steam locomotive with a wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles (usually in a leading bogie), four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles, and no trailing wheels.

First built in the 1830s, locomotives with this wheel arrangement were known as "standard" or "Eight-Wheeler" type. In the first half of the 19th century, almost every major railroad in North America owned and operated locomotives of this type, and many rebuilt their 4-2-0 and 2-4-0 locomotives as 4-4-0s.

In April 1872, Railroad Gazette used "American" as the name of the type. The type subsequently also became popular in the United Kingdom, where large numbers were produced.

The vast majority of 4-4-0 locomotives had tenders, though some tank locomotives (designated 4-4-0T) were built.
Co-ment
co-ment / COMT is a (no longer maintained) online word processor allowing collaborative writing and commenting.  It was inspired by the software package stet, which was created to handle the GNU GPL version 3 online revision. It is free software, available under Affero GPL.

GNU Affero General Public License
The GNU Affero General Public License (GNU AGPL) is a free copyleft license published by the Free Software Foundation in November 2007, based on the GNU GPL version 3 and the Affero General Public License (non-GNU).

It is intended for software designed to be run over a network, adding a provision requiring that the corresponding source code of modified versions of the software be prominently offered to all users who interact with the software over a network.

The Open Source Initiative approved the GNU AGPLv3 as an open source license in March 2008 after the company Funambol submitted it for consideration through its CEO Fabrizio Capobianco.
Familiar Wife
Familiar Wife (Korean: 아는 와이프; RR: Aneun waipeu) is a romantic fantasy South Korean television series starring Ji Sung, Han Ji-min, Jang Seung-jo, and Kang Han-na. It aired on tvN from August 1 to September 20, 2018.

TvN (South Korean TV channel)
tvN (originally standing for Total Variety Network) is a South Korean nationwide pay television network owned by CJ ENM Entertainment Division. tvN programming consists of a variety of entertainment content focused on television series and variety shows. It is available on cable, on satellite through SkyLife, and on IPTV platforms in South Korea. Since 2014, the network has been headed by Kang Ho-sung. From June 28, 2010, to April 30, 2013, tvN Go was broadcast by renting a channel from Korea DMB.
Ectoedemia denticulata
Ectoedemia denticulata is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It was described by Scoble in 1983. It is known from South Africa (it was described from the Cape Province).

The larvae feed on Diospyros glabra.

Diospyros glabra
Diospyros glabra, the fynbos star-apple, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ebenaceae, native to the Cape Provinces of South Africa. It is an evergreen shrub or small tree reaching 5 m (16 ft), found in a variety of fynbos habitats.
Masset Formation
The Masset Formation is a volcanic formation on Graham Island of Haida Gwaii in British Columbia, Canada. It consists of calc-alkaline volcanic rocks related to subduction of the pre-existing Farallon Plate. The Masset Formation is part of the Pemberton Volcanic Belt.

Volcanic rock
Volcanic rocks (often shortened to volcanics in scientific contexts) are rocks formed from lava erupted from a volcano. Like all rock types, the concept of volcanic rock is artificial, and in nature volcanic rocks grade into hypabyssal and metamorphic rocks and constitute an important element of some sediments and sedimentary rocks. For these reasons, in geology, volcanics and shallow hypabyssal rocks are not always treated as distinct. In the context of Precambrian shield geology, the term "volcanic" is often applied to what are strictly metavolcanic rocks. Volcanic rocks and sediment that form from magma erupted into the air are called "pyroclastics," and these are also technically sedimentary rocks.

Volcanic rocks are among the most common rock types on Earth's surface, particularly in the oceans. On land, they are very common at plate boundaries and in flood basalt provinces. It has been estimated that volcanic rocks cover about 8% of the Earth's current land surface.
Just J's
The 61 m (200 ft) superyacht Just J's was launched by Hakvoort Shipyards at its yard in Monnickendam. It was designed by Sinot Exclusive Yacht Design, and the naval architecture was done by Diana Yacht Design. It was the largest yacht built by Hakvoort until the 2019 launch of Scout.

Monnickendam
Monnickendam (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌmɔnɪkə(n)ˈdɑm]) is a city in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Waterland, and lies on the coast of the Markermeer, about 8 km (5.0 mi) southeast of Purmerend. It received city rights in 1355 and was damaged by the fires of 1499 and 1513.
Port of Zarubino
Port of Zarubino (Russian: порт Зару́бино) is a sea port situated in Zarubino on the south of Primorsky Krai in the Trinity Bay, northwestern part of the Sea of Japan. The port is 18 kilometres (11 mi) from the border with China and close to the border with North Korea.  A railway line from the port connects to railway lines running north to Vladivostok, west to Hunchun of Jilin Province in China where a high speed rail terminus is operational, and south to Rajin in North Korea via Khasan, respectively. It is ice-free year round.

China–Russia border
The Chinese–Russian border or the Sino-Russian border is the international border between China and Russia. After the final demarcation carried out in the early 2000s, it measures 4,209.3 kilometres (2,615.5 mi), and is the world's fifth-longest international border. According to the Russian border agency, as of October 1, 2013, there are more than 160 land border crossings between Russia and China, all of which are open 24 hours. There are crossing points established by the treaty including railway crossings, highway crossings, river crossing, and mostly ferry crossings.
Paleophycology
Paleophycology (also once known as paleoalgology) is the subdiscipline of paleobotany that deals with the study and identification of fossil algae and their evolutionary relationships and ecology.

The field is very important in the science of paleolimnology as the algae leave many indicators of fossil ecosystems. Primary and most familiar are both fossil shells from diatoms and biogeochemical traces of algal pigments in lake sediments. These fossils are clues to changes in nutrient availability and ecology of lakes.

Some paleophycologists:

John P. Smol, a Canadian paleolimnologist

Stanley Awramik, an American Precambrian paleontologist

Bruno R. C. Granier, a French stratigrapher and micropaleontologist

Robert Riding, a British geologist and expert on calcareous algae and stromatolites

Bruno Granier
Bruno R.C. Granier is Professor of Geology at the University of Brest (France) (also locally referred to as the Université de Bretagne Occidentale), a post he held in 2004. He is the author of over 90 scientific papers.

He is also editor of the open access electronic journal Carnets de Géologie, associate editor  of PALAIOS and the manager of the internet website Geoscience e-Journals.
From 2007 to 2011 he was president of the French Committee of Stratigraphy; accordingly, he organized the 4th French meeting on Stratigraphy, STRATI2010.

His fields of interest are sequence stratigraphy, carbonate sedimentology, diagenesis, stratigraphy, rock-typing and micropaleontology (particularly on the study of fossil calcareous algae). He teaches undergraduate courses in field geology, sedimentology and micropaleontology.
Salim Bhagalia
Salim Bhagalia (died 2012) was a South African cricketer of Indian descent. Bhagalia was best known as one of the best fast bowlers produced by the Indian community in South Africa in the early 1940s.

He captained the provincial Eastern Transvaal Cricket Union and played for Ermelo and Krugersdorp Old Boys Clubs.

He also represented The Wits Union, Transvaal, and South African Indians. He retired at the age of 59. He died in November 2012 aged 90.

Easterns cricket team
The Easterns cricket team is a South African first-class cricket team. It plays in the top-level domestic competitions organised by Cricket South Africa. The team was formerly named the Eastern Transvaal cricket team.
Judicial Building
The Judicial Building (Chinese: 司法大廈; pinyin: Sīfǎ Dàxià; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Su-hoat Tāi-hā) is a governmental building in Zhongzheng District, Taipei, Taiwan. It houses several  judicial agencies of Taiwan, including

Judicial Yuan — the judiciary and constitutional court of the government of the Republic of China (Taiwan),

Taiwan High Court,

Taiwan High Prosecutors Office, and

Disciplinary Sanction Court.

Taiwan High Prosecutors Office
The Taiwan High Prosecutors Office (THPO; Chinese: 臺灣高等檢察署; pinyin: Táiwān Gāoděng Fǎyuàn Jiǎnchá Shǔ) is located in Taipei, Taiwan. It has branch offices in Taipei, Taichung, Tainan, Kaohsiung and Hualien. It is one of the two high prosecutors offices in Taiwan.

The prosecutorial system runs parallel to its court system.  As such, the jurisdiction of the THPO and its branch offices covers only Taiwan and its islands. Kinmen, Wuchiu and Matsu fall under the jurisdiction of the Kinmen Branch of the Fukien High Prosecutors Office. At whatever level, the prosecutors work under the unitary command of the Prosecutor-General of the Supreme Prosecutors Office.
West Virginia's 2nd Senate district
West Virginia's 2nd Senate district is one of 17 districts in the West Virginia Senate. It is currently represented by Republicans Charles H. Clements and Chris Rose. All districts in the West Virginia Senate elect two members to staggered four-year terms.

West Virginia Senate
The West Virginia Senate is the upper house of the West Virginia Legislature.
There are seventeen senatorial districts. Each district has two senators who serve staggered four-year terms. Although the Democratic Party held a supermajority in the Senate as recently as 2015, Republicans now dominate in the chamber, and hold 32 seats to the Democrats' two seats.
Veronica Schanoes
Veronica Schanoes is an American author of fantasy stories and an associate professor in the department of English at Queens College, CUNY. Her fiction has appeared on Tor.com as well as in various anthologies. Her novella Burning Girls was nominated for the Nebula Award and the World Fantasy Award and won the Shirley Jackson Award for Best Novella in 2013. She lives in New York City.

Schanoes earned her doctorate in English literature from the University of Pennsylvania in 2007. Her first scholarly monograph, Fairy Tales, Myth, and Psychoanalytic Theory: Feminism and Re-telling the Tale, was published by Ashgate Publishing in 2014. Her research interests include fairy tales, women's writing, and fantasy, with particular interest in feminist theory and Jewish representation in speculative fiction.

Shirley Jackson Award
The Shirley Jackson Awards are literary awards named after Shirley Jackson in recognition of her legacy in writing. These awards for outstanding achievement in the literature of psychological suspense, horror and dark fantasy are presented at Readercon, an annual conference on imaginative literature.
Jeff Kottkamp
Jeffrey Dean Kottkamp (born November 12, 1960) is an American politician and attorney from the state of Florida. He served as the state's 17th Lieutenant Governor from 2007 until 2011. A member of the Republican Party, Kottkamp previously served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2006

He was selected by Republican gubernatorial nominee Charlie Crist to serve as his running mate in the 2006 election. As Lieutenant Governor, he served as chairman of the Board of Space Florida, Florida's Children and Youth Cabinet, and the Florida Sports Foundation. He also had oversight responsibility in the offices of Drug Control, Adoption and Child Protection, the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles, as well as the Governor's Film and Entertainment Office.

In 2010, Kottkamp ran for the position of Florida Attorney General after Crist chose to forgo a 2010 reelection bid in favor of running for Senate.

Attorney General of Florida
The attorney general of Florida is the chief legal officer of the U.S. state of Florida. The officeholder is a member of the Florida Cabinet and the head of the state Department of Legal Affairs. The office is one of Florida's three elected state cabinet posts, along with the chief financial officer and agriculture commissioner.

James Uthmeier has been the 30th and current attorney general since 2025, having been appointed by Governor Ron DeSantis to replace Ashley Moody, who resigned to become a United States senator.
Loch Eilt
Loch Eilt is a freshwater loch in Lochaber, in the West Highlands of Scotland. It is between the villages of Glenfinnan and Lochailort, 30 km west of Fort William. The A830 road runs along the north shore, while the West Highland Line railway follows the south shore.

Loch Eilt separates the traditional districts of Morar to the north and Moidart to the south. The loch has a number of small islands, including Eilean Mòr, Eilean an Tighe, Eilean Gaineamhach, Eilean nan Corra-ghriodhach and Eilean na Mòine.

Loch Eilt has been used as a location in several films. These include Local Hero (1983), Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004)  and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (2010). The famous island used for Harry Potter in Loch Eilt is called Eilean na Moine. It was used as Dumbledore's grave, which was later digitally placed on Loch Arkaig.

Glenfinnan
Glenfinnan (Scottish Gaelic: Gleann Fhionnain [klan̪ˠˈʝũn̪ˠɛɲ]) is a hamlet in Lochaber area of the Highlands of Scotland. In 1745 the Jacobite rising began here when Prince Charles Edward Stuart ("Bonnie Prince Charlie") raised his standard on the shores of Loch Shiel. Seventy years later, the 18 m (60 ft) Glenfinnan Monument, at the head of the loch, was erected to commemorate the historic event.
1947 NCAA wrestling championships
The 1947 NCAA Wrestling Championships were the 17th NCAA Wrestling Championships to be held. The University of Illinois in Champaign, Illinois hosted the tournament at Huff Gymnasium.

Cornell College took home the team championship with 32 points, and having two individual champions.

Bill Koll of Iowa State Teachers College was named the Outstanding Wrestler.

Champaign, Illinois
Champaign (/ˌʃæmˈpeɪn/ sham-PAYN) is a city in Champaign County, Illinois, United States. The population was 88,302 at the 2020 census. It is the tenth-most populous municipality in Illinois and the fourth most populous city in the state outside the Chicago metropolitan area. It is a principal city of the Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area, which had 236,000 residents in 2020.

Champaign shares the main campus of the University of Illinois with its twin city of Urbana, and is also home to Parkland College, which gives the city a large student population during the academic year. Due to the university and a number of technology startup companies, it is often referred to as a hub of the Illinois Silicon Prairie. Champaign houses offices for the Fortune 500 companies Abbott, Archer Daniels Midland (ADM), Caterpillar, John Deere, Dow Chemical Company, IBM, and State Farm. Champaign also serves as the headquarters for several companies, including Jimmy John's.
Roxana Druse
Roxalana "Roxana" Druse (c. 1847 – February 28, 1887), was the last woman hanged in the state of New York, and the first woman hanged in 40 years in Central New York. Her botched execution didn't kill her instantly, further motivating New York officials to replace the gallows with the electric chair in New York in 1890.

Druse murdered her husband, William Druse, in their home in Warren, New York, by shooting him and decapitating him with an axe. Her son and daughter, George and Mary Druse, and nephew, Frank Gates, assisted her in the murder. Druse later said that she murdered him because of domestic violence. She was sentenced to be hanged on October 6, 1885, and was hanged on February 28, 1887.

Gallows
A gallows (or less precisely scaffold) is a frame or elevated beam, typically wooden, from which objects can be suspended or "weighed". Gallows were thus widely used to suspend public weighing scales for large and heavy objects such as sacks of grain or minerals, usually positioned in markets or toll gates. The term was also used for a projecting framework from which a ship's anchor might be raised so it is no longer sitting on the seabed, riverbed or dock; "weighing [the] anchor" meant raising it using this apparatus while avoiding striking the ship's hull.

In modern usage the term has come to mean almost exclusively a scaffold or gibbet used for execution by hanging.
Orchestre national d'Île-de-France
The Orchestre national d'Île-de-France is a French symphony orchestra with its administrative base in Alfortville.  The orchestra, made up of ninety-five permanent musicians, gives around a hundred concerts each season.  The orchestra receives funding from the Conseil régional d’Île-de-France and the French Ministry of Culture.  The orchestra gives concerts in a number of cities and venues, including the following:

Philharmonie de Paris, Paris

Théâtre Alexandre Dumas, Saint-Germain-en-Laye

Théâtre Espace Coluche, Plaisir

Théâtre Romain Rolland, Villejuif

Opéra de Massy, Massy

Centre culturel Jacques Prévert, Villeparisis

Théâtre Sénart, Lieusaint

Centre des Bords de Marne, Le Perreux-sur-Marne

Conservatoire Jean-Baptiste Lully, Puteaux

Centre culturel Saint-Ayoul, Provins

Plaisir
Plaisir (French pronunciation: [plɛziʁ] ⓘ) is a commune located in the heart of the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in Northern France. It is located in the western outer suburbs of Paris, 29.5 km (18.3 mi) from the centre of Paris. It borders among others on Élancourt (south), Trappes (southeast) and Les Clayes-sous-Bois (east).

Plaisir is the twelfth commune of the Yvelines department in terms of population, with nearly 31,000 inhabitants. It is a member of the communauté d'agglomération Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines.