hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Denison College of Secondary Education
Denison College of Secondary Education is a dual-campus government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school, located in Bathurst, in the Central West region of New South Wales, Australia.

Founded in 2007 through the amalgamation of Bathurst High School and Kelso High School, the college enrolled approximately 1,830 students in 2018, from Year 7 to Year 12, of whom 13 percent identified as Indigenous Australians and six percent were from a language background other than English. The college is operated by the NSW Department of Education; and the college principal is Cathleen Compton.

Department of Education (New South Wales)
The New South Wales Department of Education, a department of the Government of New South Wales, is responsible for the delivery and co-ordination of early childhood, primary school, secondary school, vocational education, adult, migrant and higher education in the state of New South Wales, Australia.

The department was preceded by the Board of National Education and Council of Education, and has been formerly known by a number of names, including Department of Public Instruction, the Department of Education and Training (DET) between December 1997 and April 2011, and the Department of Education and Communities (DEC) between April 2011 and July 2015.

The department's powers are principally drawn from the Education Act, 1990  (NSW).
Counts and dukes of Linhares
Count of Linhares (in Portuguese Conde de Linhares) was a Portuguese title of nobility created by a royal decree of king John III of Portugal dated from May 13, 1532, and granted to Dom António de Noronha, 2nd son of Pedro de Menezes, 1st Marquis of Vila Real.

This family went to live in Spain and remained faithful to the Spanish Habsburgs even after the Portuguese revolution of 1 December 1640, so the new dynasty of Braganza no longer recognized them as Counts of Linhares.

Later, in the 19th century, Queen Maria I of Portugal, granted again the title of count of Linhares (second creation),  by a royal decree dated from December 17, 1808, to Rodrigo de Sousa Coutinho, 1st Count of Linhares Governor of Portuguese Angola, Portuguese ambassador in Turin and a remarkable statesman.

Don (honorific)
The terms Don (in Spanish and Italian), Dom (in Portuguese), and Domn (in Romanian), are honorific prefixes derived from the Latin Dominus, meaning "lord" or "owner". The honorific is commonly used in Spain, Portugal, and Italy, as well as in the Spanish-speaking world and Portuguese-speaking world, as well as some other places formerly colonized by Spain or Portugal. The feminine equivalents are Doña (Spanish: [ˈdoɲa]), Donna (Italian: [ˈdɔnna]), Doamnă (Romanian) and Dona (Portuguese: [ˈdonɐ]), meaning "lady".

The term is derived from the Latin dominus: a master of a household, a title with background from the Roman Republic in classical antiquity. With the abbreviated form having emerged as such in the Middle Ages, traditionally it is reserved for Catholic clergy and nobles, in addition to certain educational authorities and persons of high distinction.
1958 Sterlington railroad collision
The 1958 Sterlington railroad disaster was a head-on collision by two Erie Railroad trains on August 11, 1958 at 6:47 AM killing 5 people and injuring 22 to 36 (sources are conflicting). The collision occurred when the operator in the signal tower at Suffern failed to hold the westbound train No. 53 at Suffern for the eastbound No. 50 commuter train from Monroe, New York, to Hoboken, New Jersey. When he realized his error, he attempted to contact the crews via radio but was unsuccessful due to a radio dead spot. The trains impacted head-on right in front of the now abandoned Erie Railroad depot in Sterlington, New York near Sloatsburg, killing the crew of the locomotive No. 859 from train No.50 as well as two passengers and injuring the crew of the locomotive No. 1402 from the westbound train.

Sloatsburg, New York
Sloatsburg is a village in the town of Ramapo in Rockland County, New York, United States. Located east of Orange County, it is at the southern entrance to Harriman State Park. The population was 3,036 at the 2020 census. The village is named after Stephen Sloat, an early European landowner.
The Daily Mash
The Daily Mash is a British satirical website providing parodic commentary on current affairs and other news stories. Neil Rafferty (a former political correspondent for The Sunday Times) and Paul Stokes (former business editor of The Scotsman), created the website in 2007 and remain the lead writers. Both writers earn salaries from the enterprise and also employ freelance contributors. The publication has garnered praise for its absurd, scatological humour and insightful political satire. The current editor is comedy writer and former BBC journalist Tim Telling. The Daily Mash has often been compared to the US publication The Onion.

Toilet humour
Toilet humour is a type of off-colour humour dealing with: defecation (including diarrhea and constipation), in which case it is called scatological humour (compare scatology); urination; flatulence, in which case it is called flatulence humor; or, to a lesser extent, vomiting and other bodily functions.

Toilet humour is commonly an interest of toddlers and young children, for whom cultural taboos related to acknowledgement of waste excretion still have a degree of novelty. The humour comes from the rejection of such taboos, and is a part of modern culture.
Alla Belinska
Alla Belinska (Ukrainian: Алла Белінська, born 8 October 1995) is a Ukrainian freestyle wrestler. She won the gold medal in the 72 kg event at the 2025 World Wrestling Championships held in Zagreb, Croatia. She is a four-time medalist, including two gold medals, at the European Wrestling Championships. She represented Ukraine at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.

2025 World Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 72 kg
The women's freestyle 72 kilograms is a competition featured at the 2025 World Wrestling Championships, and was held in Zagreb, Croatia on 17 and 18 September 2025.

This freestyle wrestling competition consists of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals. The two finalists face off for gold and silver medals. Each wrestler who loses to one of the two finalists moves into the repechage, culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches, featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket.
Peace Pagoda, Ampara
Ampara Peace Pagoda (also known as Ampara Sama Ceitya) is one of a number of  Peace Pagodas in the world, built since World War II and designed to promote the non-violence in the community and unite them in their search for world peace. It is located in Ampara, a small town located in the Eastern Province of Sri Lanka and is one of the Ampara's most prominent landmarks.

There are another four Peace Pagodas constructed in various places around Sri Lanka. They are located at Unawatuna, Adam's Peak, Bandarawela and Walapane.

Eastern Province, Sri Lanka
The Eastern Province (Sinhala: නැගෙනහිර පළාත Næ̆gĕnahira Paḷāta, Tamil: கிழக்கு மாகாணம் Kiḻakku Mākāṇam) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka, the first level administrative division of the country. The provinces have existed since the 19th century but did not have any legal status until 1987 when the 13th Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka established provincial councils. Between 1988 and 2006 the province was temporarily merged with the Northern Province to form the North Eastern Province. The capital of the province is Trincomalee. Kalmunai is the largest and most populous city of Eastern Province.
2010 California Superintendent of Public Instruction election
The 2010 California Superintendent of Public Instruction election occurred on November 2, 2010. Incumbent Jack O'Connell was term-limited and unable to run for re-election to a third term.

In the nonpartisan primary election on June 8, 2010, no candidate received a majority of the votes. The top two finishers, Larry Aceves, who came first with 19% of the vote, and Democratic State Assemblyman Tom Torlakson, who came second with 18.5% of the vote, advanced to the general election. In the general election on November 2, 2010, Torlakson defeated Aceves.

Jack O'Connell (American politician)
Jack T. O'Connell (born October 8, 1951) is an American politician, educator and formerly the 26th California State Superintendent of Public Instruction, having been elected to the post in November 2002 with 61% of the vote. He was re-elected to his post by receiving a majority (52%) of the vote in the Primary election on June 6, 2006, thus avoiding a November run-off. He is a member of the Democratic Party. O'Connell was unable to run for a third term in 2010 due to term limits and was succeeded by former state assemblyman Tom Torlakson.
Korunye, South Australia
Korunye is a locality in South Australia beside the Adelaide-Crystal Brook rail line between Two Wells and Mallala. The name derived is from that of the historic railway siding, Korunye Railway Station, within the locality. South Australian historian Geoffrey Manning states that Korunye is from an indigenous word meaning "rainbow".

Geoff Manning
Geoffrey Haydon Manning (1926–2018) was an Australian author and historian. He is known particularly for his books on South Australian placenames; Manning's Place Names of South Australia (1990) is particularly well-known and available online at the State Library of South Australia website. The final illustrated edition of this work was The Place Names Of Our Land: A South Australian Anthology (2009).
2021 Alpine Skiing World Cup – Men's slalom
The men's slalom in the 2021 FIS Alpine Skiing World Cup involved 11 events including the final, exactly as scheduled without any cancellations.

Austrian skier Marco Schwarz jumped out to a huge lead in the standings; after winning the night slalom in Schlamding. Austria, Schwarz had over a 200-point lead on the field. From there, Schwarz just needed to stay healthy to record an easy victory, and he clinched the discipline title for 2021 (and the crystal globe that goes with it) after the tenth event.

The finals were held on 21 March 2021 in Lenzerheide, Switzerland; only the top 25 in the discipline ranking, the winner of the Junior World Championship, and athletes who have scored at least 500 points in the overall classification were eligible to participate, and only the top 15 scored points.

The season was interrupted by the 2021 World Ski Championships, which were held from 8–21 February in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy.  The men's slalom was held on 21 February 2021.

Marco Schwarz
Marco Schwarz (born 16 August 1995) is an Austrian World Cup alpine ski racer. He focuses on the technical events of slalom and giant slalom, as well as the combined (a mixture of speed and technical disciplines).
William Woods Holden
William Woods Holden (November 24, 1818 – March 1, 1892) was an American politician who served as the 38th and 40th governor of North Carolina. He was appointed by President Andrew Johnson in 1865 for a brief term and then elected in 1868. He served until 1871 and was the leader of the state's Republican Party during the Reconstruction Era.

Holden was the second governor in American history to be impeached, and the first to be removed from office through that process. His impeachment was politically motivated due to his suppression of the Ku Klux Klan. After Republicans lost the 1870 election, Democrats impeached Holden on eight charges relating to the Kirk–Holden war. He is the only North Carolina governor to have been impeached. In 2011, Holden was posthumously pardoned by the North Carolina Senate in a 48–0 vote.

Wake County, North Carolina
Wake County, officially the County of Wake, is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,129,410, making it North Carolina's most populous county. From July 2005 to July 2006, Wake County was the 9th-fastest growing county in the United States, with Cary and Raleigh being the 8th- and 15th-fastest growing communities, respectively.

Its county seat is Raleigh, which is also the state capital. Eleven other municipalities are in Wake County, the largest of which is the town of Cary, the third-most populous city of the Research Triangle region and the seventh-most populous municipality in North Carolina.

It is governed by the Wake County Board of Commissioners, coterminous with the Wake County Public School System, with law enforcement provided by the Wake County Sheriff's Department. It is also part of the wider Triangle J Council of Governments, which governs regional planning.
Oteiza
Oteiza or Oteiza de la Solana (Oteitza in Basque), is a village and a Spanish municipality of the Foral Community of Navarra, located in the merindad of Estella, in the Estella Oriental region, 51 km from the capital of the community, Pamplona. Its population in 2016 was 939 (INE ).

Merindad
Merindad (Spanish pronunciation: [meɾinˈdað]) is a mediaeval Spanish administrative term for a country subdivision smaller than a province but larger than a municipality. The officer in charge of a merindad was called a merino, roughly equivalent to the English count or bailiff.

It was used in the kingdoms of Castile and Navarre. Connected to the birth of Castile, the Merindades, standing for the northernmost comarca of the province of Burgos, was part of the creation of the administrative division by King Peter.
Gerund
In linguistics, a gerund (/ˈdʒɛrənd, -ʌnd/ abbreviated ger) is any of various nonfinite verb forms in various languages; most often, but not exclusively, it is one that functions as a noun. The name is derived from Late Latin gerundium, meaning "which is to be carried out". In English, the gerund has the properties of both verb and noun, such as being modifiable by an adverb and being able to take a direct object. The term "-ing form" is often used in English to refer to the gerund specifically. Traditional grammar makes a distinction within -ing forms between present participles and gerunds, a distinction that is not observed in such modern grammars as A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language and The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language.

A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language
A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language is a descriptive grammar of English written by Randolph Quirk, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and Jan Svartvik. It was first published by Longman in 1985.

In 1991, it was called "The greatest of contemporary grammars, because it is the most thorough and detailed we have," and "It is a grammar that transcends national boundaries."

The book relies on elicitation experiments as well as three corpora: a corpus from the Survey of English Usage, the Lancaster-Oslo-Bergen Corpus (UK English), and the Brown Corpus (US English).
2nd Ukrainian Soviet Army
The 2nd Ukrainian Soviet Army was a field army of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War, which was formed on April 15, 1919, from the units of the Group of Forces of the Kharkov Direction. It was first part of the Ukrainian Front and from April 27 of the Southern Front. On June 4, 1919, the Army was disbanded and its formations became part of the 14th Army of the Southern Front. The Army headquarters were in Yekaterinoslav.

Field army
A field army (also known as numbered army or simply army) is a military formation in many armed forces, composed of two or more corps. It may be subordinate to an army group. Air armies are the equivalent formations in air forces, and fleets in navies. A field army is composed of 80,000 to 300,000 soldiers.
Argentation chromatography
Argentation chromatography is chromatography using a stationary phase that contains silver salts. Silver-containing stationary phases are well suited for separating organic compounds on the basis of the number and type of alkene groups. The technique is employed for gas chromatography and various types of liquid chromatography, including thin layer chromatography. Analytes containing alkene groups elute more slowly than the analogous compounds lacking alkenes.  Separations are also sensitive to the type of alkene. The technique is especially useful in the analysis of fats and fatty acids, which are well known to exist in both saturated and unsaturated (alkene-containing) forms.  For example, trans fats, undesirable contaminants in ultra-processed foods, are quantified by argentation chromatography.

Ultra-processed food
An ultra-processed food (UPF) is a grouping of processed food characterized by relatively involved methods of production. UPFs are generally defined as products industrially derived from natural food or synthesized from other organic compounds. The resulting products are designed to be highly convenient and hyperpalatable, often through food additives such as preservatives, emulsifiers, colourings, and flavourings. UPFs typically undergo processes such as moulding, extrusion, hydrogenation, or frying.
Dahner Felsenland
The Dahner Felsenland, also referred to as the Dahn Rockland, is a landscape in the county of Südwestpfalz in the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It is located in the middle section of the Wasgau, which in turn forms the southern part of the Palatine Forest and the northern part of the Vosges in France. The Dahner Felsenland has numerous rock formations within the  South Palatinate Climbing Area (Klettergebiet Südpfalz).

Vosges
The Vosges (/voʊʒ/ VOHZH, French: [voʒ] ⓘ; German: Vogesen [voˈɡeːzn̩] ⓘ; Franconian and Alemannic German: Vogese) is a range of medium mountains in Eastern France, near its border with Germany. Together with the Palatine Forest to the north on the German side of the border, they form a single geomorphological unit and low mountain range of around 8,000 km2 (3,100 sq mi) in area. It runs in a north-northeast direction from the Burgundian Gate (the Belfort–Ronchamp–Lure line) to the Börrstadt Basin (the Winnweiler–Börrstadt–Göllheim line), and forms the western boundary of the Upper Rhine Plain.

The Grand Ballon is the highest peak at 1,424 m (4,672 ft), followed by the Storkenkopf (1,366 m, 4,482 ft), and the Hohneck (1,364 m, 4,475 ft).
Vladimir Bogojević
Vladimir Bogojević (Serbian Cyrillic: Владимир Богојевић, born 20 April 1976) is a Serbian-German professional basketball coach and former player. He represented Germany basketball team internationally.

RheinStars Köln
RheinStars Köln is a professional basketball club based in Cologne, Germany. The team currently plays in the ProA, the second tier basketball league in Germany. The club has won one Basketball Bundesliga championship and three German Cup titles in its history.
Japan at the 1966 Asian Games
Japan participated in the 1966 Asian Games held in Bangkok, Thailand from December 9, 1966 to December 20, 1966.
The country was ranked first with 78 gold medals, 53 silver medals and 33 bronze medals with a total of 164 medals to secure the top spot in the medal tally.

1966 Asian Games
The 1966 Asian Games, also known as the V Asiad or Bangkok 1966, were a continental multi-sport event that was held from 9 to 20 December 1966, in Bangkok, Thailand. A total of 142 events in 16 sports were contested by athletes during the games. Taiwan and Israel returned to the Asian Games, reversing the decision taken by Indonesia in the previous Asiad to debar the two countries. A total number of 2,500 athletes and officials from 18 countries, were involved in this Asiad.

The 5th Asiad was the first one where women's volleyball was played.
Collocation extraction
Collocation extraction is the task of using a computer to extract collocations automatically from a corpus.

The traditional method of performing collocation extraction is to find a formula based on the statistical quantities of those words to calculate a score associated to every word pairs. Proposed formulas are mutual information, t-test, z test, chi-squared test and likelihood ratio.

Within the area of corpus linguistics, collocation is defined as a sequence of words or terms which co-occur more often than would be expected by chance. 'Crystal clear', 'middle management', 'nuclear family', and 'cosmetic surgery' are examples of collocated pairs of words. Some words are often found together because they make up a compound noun, for example 'riding boots' or 'motor cyclist' or ‘collocation extraction’ its very self.

Z-test
A Z-test is any statistical test for which the distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis can be approximated by a normal distribution. Z-test tests the mean of a distribution. For each significance level in the confidence interval, the Z-test has a single critical value (for example, 1.96 for 5% two-tailed), which makes it more convenient than the Student's t-test whose critical values are defined by the sample size (through the corresponding degrees of freedom). Both the Z-test and Student's t-test have similarities in that they both help determine the significance of a set of data. However, the Z-test requires knowing the population deviation, which is sometimes difficult to determine, making the t-test more convenient.
Estrada União e Indústria
The Estrada de Rodagem União e Indústria (Union and Industry Highway) was the first macadamized road in Latin America, connecting the cities of Petrópolis and Juiz de Fora in the southeast of Brazil. It was opened on 23 June 1861 by Emperor Dom Pedro II.

Macadam
Macadam is a type of road construction pioneered by Scottish engineer John Loudon McAdam c. 1820, in which crushed stone is placed in shallow, convex layers and compacted thoroughly. A binding layer of stone dust (crushed stone from the original material) may form; it may also, after rolling, be covered with a cement or bituminous binder to keep dust and stones together. The method simplified what had been considered state-of-the-art at that point.
Umanata Municipality
Umanata Municipality (also Humanata) is the fourth municipal section of the Eliodoro Camacho Province in the La Paz Department in Bolivia. It was created on February 6, 2009. Until then it was one of the cantons of the Viacha Municipality. Its seat is Umanata (also Humanata) with 196 inhabitants in 2001.

Umanata Municipality is situated in the north-western part of the province. It is bordered to the northwest by Peru, to the east by the Mocomoco Municipality, to the south and southwest by the Puerto Acosta Municipality.

Eliodoro Camacho Province
Eliodoro Camacho is a province in the La Paz Department in Bolivia situated at Lake Titicaca. Its seat is Puerto Acosta.

Camacho Province is situated in the western region of the La Paz Department bordered to the north by the Muñecas Province, to the east by the Larecaja Province, to the south by the Omasuyos Province, to the west by Lake Titicaca and Moho Province located in the Puno Region of Peru.

Camacho Province was created during the presidency of General Ismael Montes on November 5, 1908, named after the Bolivian politician and officer Eliodoro Camacho. Originally it was composed of the cantons Huaycho, Escoma, Carabuco, Italaque, Mocomoco and Ambaná. Huaycho became the capital of the province under the name "Puerto Acosta" (meaning: "Port Acosta") in honor of the writer Nicolás Acosta (1844 - 1893).
1994 Danone Hardcourt Championships – Doubles
Conchita Martínez and Larisa Savchenko were the defending champions but did not compete that year.

Laura Golarsa and Natalia Medvedeva won in the final 6–3, 6–1 against Jenny Byrne and Rachel McQuillan.

Laura Golarsa
Laura Golarsa (born 27 November 1967) is a former Italian professional tennis player.

Golarsa was born in Milan and played on the WTA Tour from 1985 to 2001. She did not win any senior titles but did reach the quarterfinals of Wimbledon in 1989. Her singles record included victories over Zina Garrison and Jana Novotná. She won six doubles titles on the WTA Tour and achieved a career-high doubles ranking of No. 23 in August 1995.