hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
35th (Likens') Texas Cavalry Regiment
The 35th (Likens') Texas Cavalry Regiment was a unit of mounted volunteers from Texas that fought in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. The regiment was formed by consolidating Likens' Texas Cavalry Battalion and Burns' Texas Cavalry Battalion in October 1863. James B. Likens was appointed to lead the new unit, which was in a brigade first led by Hamilton P. Bee and later by Arthur P. Bagby Jr.. It fought at Mansfield and Pleasant Hill in 1864. The regiment moved to Beaumont, Texas, in early 1865, and surrendered there in June 1865.

Battle of Mansfield
The Battle of Mansfield, also known as the Battle of Sabine Crossroads, on April 8, 1864, in Louisiana formed part of the Red River Campaign during the American Civil War, when Union forces were attempting to occupy the Louisiana state capital, Shreveport.

The Confederate commander, Major-General Dick Taylor, chose Mansfield as the place where he would make his stand against the advancing Union army under General Nathaniel Banks. Taylor concentrated his forces at Sabine Crossroads, knowing that reinforcements were nearby. Banks prepared for a fight, though his own army was not fully assembled either. Both sides were reinforced by stages throughout the day.

After a brief resistance, the Union army was routed by the Confederates, consisting mainly of units from Louisiana and Texas, reportedly strengthened by hundreds of men breaking parole. The Battle of Mansfield was followed immediately by the Battle of Pleasant Hill.
Laurie Carmichael
Laurence Norman Richard ‘Laurie’ Carmichael (17 April 1925 - 18 August 2018) was a prominent Australian trade unionist. He served as Victorian State Secretary of the Amalgamated Engineering Union (AEU), Assistant National Secretary of the Amalgamated Metal Workers Union (AMWU), and Assistant Secretary of the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU). He was also a prominent member of the Communist Party of Australia (CPA), serving as National President from 1978 to 1981.

Carmichael played a central role in the drafting and implementation of the Prices and Incomes Accord between the ACTU and the Australian Labor Party (ALP). He was also a significant leader in several important social movements and trade union campaigns, including the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam, the 1969 general strike, and the campaign for shorter working hours.

In 2020, the Centre for Future Work at The Australia Institute announced the creation of the Carmichael Centre.

Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam
The Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam was a massive demonstration and teach-in across the United States against the United States involvement in the Vietnam War. It took place on October 15, 1969, followed a month later, on November 15, 1969, by a large Moratorium March in Washington, D.C.

Fred Halstead writes that it was "the first time [the anti-war movement] reached the level of a full-fledged mass movement."
Fyodorovskaya Church
57°36′35″N 39°51′56″E﻿ / ﻿57.60967°N 39.865608°E﻿ / 57.60967; 39.865608

The Fyodorovskaya Church (Фёдоровская церковь) is a penticupolar parish Russian Orthodox church built by ordinary parishioners on the right bank of the Kotorosl River in Yaroslavl between 1682 and 1687. It is dedicated to Theotokos Feodorovskaya, a miraculous icon from nearby Kostroma.

The building is notable as the first church in the region to be returned by the Soviets to the Russian Orthodox Church (in 1987). It served as the cathedral church of the ancient Yaroslavl-Rostov eparchy until the restored Dormition Cathedral was consecrated in 2010. During this period the relics of St. Theodore the Black and other local saints were kept there.

Yaroslavl
Yaroslavl (/ˌjærəˈslævəl/; Russian: Ярославль, IPA: [jɪrɐˈsɫavlʲ]) is a city and the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located 250 kilometers (160 mi) northeast of Moscow. The historic part of the city is a World Heritage Site, and is located at the confluence of the Volga and the Kotorosl rivers. It is part of the Golden Ring, a group of historic cities northeast of Moscow that have played an important role in Russian history. The population of the city at the 2021 census was 577,279.
William Watt (missionary)
William Watt (1843–1926) was a Scottish missionary to the New Hebrides (now Vanuatu). He was ordained as a minister of the Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland in 1868, and arrived in the New Hebrides the following year. He served on the island of Tanna for more than forty years, retiring to Australia in 1910. Watt operated a printing press on his mission station. He wrote about the cannibalism practised on the island.

Tanna (island)
Tanna (sometimes misspelled Tana) is an island in southern Vanuatu. Tanna is the most populous island of Tafea Province, and the third most populous in the country (after Efate and Espiritu Santo). It is home to five indigenous languages, which also rank among the most widely spoken in the whole archipelago, ranging from 3,500 to 11,500 speakers.

Tanna has been featured in numerous documentaries and TV shows around the world. This is partly due to Mount Yasur, an active volcano and a major tourist attraction. It is also of interest for its vibrant Melanesian culture, through dances and festivals. The island has attracted the attention of many anthropologists for its cargo cults.
Management of Parkinson's disease
In the management of Parkinson's disease, due to the chronic nature of Parkinson's disease (PD), a broad-based program is needed that includes patient and family education, support-group services, general wellness maintenance, exercise, and nutrition. At present, no cure for the disease is known, but medications or surgery can provide relief from the symptoms.

While many medications treat Parkinson's, none actually reverses the effects of the disease. Furthermore, the gold-standard treatment varies with the disease state. People with Parkinson's, therefore, often must take a variety of medications to manage the disease's symptoms. Several medications currently in development seek to better address motor fluctuations and nonmotor symptoms of PD. However, none is yet on the market with specific approval to treat Parkinson's.

Dopamine agonist
A dopamine agonist is a compound that activates dopamine D2 receptors and belong to one of two different subclasses: ergoline and non-ergoline. Examples of ergoline agonists are cabergoline and bromocriptine and examples of non-ergoline agonists are pramipexole, ropinirole and rotigotine. Ergoline agonists have been linked to cartilage formation in heart valves.

Dopamine agonists are primarily used in the treatment of the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, and to a lesser extent, in hyperprolactinemia and restless legs syndrome. They are also used off-label in the treatment of clinical depression. One notable risk in the use of dopamine agonist is an increased risk of developing impulse control disorders.
Kirill Florensky
Kirill Pavlovich Florensky (Russian: Кири́лл Па́влович Флоре́нский; 27 December 1915 – 9 April 1982) was a Russian Soviet geochemist and planetologist.  He was head of comparative planetology at the Vernadsky Institute of the Soviet Academy of Sciences.

He was the second son of the Russian polymath, Pavel Florensky.

The crater Florensky on the Moon is named after him.

Florensky (crater)
Florensky is a lunar impact crater that is attached to the northeastern rim of the larger crater Vernadskiy. It is located on the far side of the Moon and cannot be directly seen from the Earth. The rim of this crater has been heavily eroded and it forms an irregular ring about the uneven interior. This crater was previously identified as Vernadskiy B before being assigned a name by the IAU in 1985.
Episema
Episema can mean:

Episema (moth), a genus of moths in the family Noctuidae

an interpretative mark in the musical notation of Gregorian chant

the plural of episemon, a word for a symbolic badge or for a numeral sign

Episemon
Episēmon (Greek ἐπίσημον, from epi- "on" plus sēma "sign"; plural: episēma) is a Greek word that can mean:

a distinguishing mark or symbol, also called parasēmon, especially in the following contexts:
an ensign or figurehead on an ancient ship
a characteristic symbol displayed on a shield, similar to a coat of arms
a characteristic symbol stamped on an ancient coin

the Greek letter Digamma, the numeral sign for "6"

a generic term for all three supplementary Greek numeral signs (Digamma 6, Koppa 90, and Sampi 900) in the alphanumeric system of Greek numerals, or similar symbols in other scripts
Gordon Museum of Pathology
The Gordon Museum of Pathology is a medical museum that is part of King's College London in London, England. It is one of the largest pathology museums in the world and is the largest medical museum in the United Kingdom. Its primary function is to train medical, dental, biomedical and healthcare students and professionals to diagnose diseases.

Thomas Hodgkin
Thomas Hodgkin RMS (17 August 1798 – 5 April 1866) was a British physician, considered one of the most prominent pathologists of his time and a pioneer in preventive medicine. He is now best known for the first account of Hodgkin's disease, a form of lymphoma and blood disease, in 1832. Hodgkin's work marked the beginning of times when a pathologist was actively involved in the clinical process. He was a contemporary of Thomas Addison  and Richard Bright at Guy's Hospital in London.
Pilot (Supergirl)
"Pilot" is the first episode of the American superhero television series Supergirl. It premiered on CBS on October 26, 2015. The episode was written by series developers/creators Greg Berlanti, Ali Adler and Andrew Kreisberg, and directed by Glen Winter.

The Supergirl pilot details the origins of Kryptonian Kara Zor-El, whose quest to follow in her famous cousin's footsteps would emerge while maintaining a mild mannered life as Kara Danvers.

The episode received positive reviews, especially for the performance of the series' star Melissa Benoist. It also became CBS' most watched new series of the 2015-16 television season, and the most watched new scripted series overall by Nielsen, with 12.9 million viewers tuning in and an estimated 19 million over the next week, once delayed viewing is tabulated. It also gave CBS its first successful series to target a younger demo in the 18-49 age group, which is favored by advertiser groups.

Andrew Kreisberg
Andrew Kreisberg (born April 23, 1971) is an American former television writer, producer and comic book writer. He is best known as the co-creator of the television series The Flash, Arrow, Supergirl and Legends of Tomorrow.
Hasan ibn Zayd ibn Hasan
Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥasan ibn Zayd ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī  ibn Abī Ṭālib (Arabic: الحسن بن زيد بن الحسن بن علي بن أبي طالب) (died 783), was a notable Alid who served as governor of Medina under al-Mansur.

Hasan was the grandson of Hasan ibn Ali, the firstborn son of Ali and Fatimah, the daughter of Muhammad. A pious man, he emulated his father and grandfather in not meddling with the power struggles for the Caliphate, and unlike many Alids he acquiesced to the Abbasids' seizure of power after the Abbasid Revolution. The first Abbasid Caliph, al-Saffah, married his daughter, and allowed Hasan to live at the court. In 767, al-Saffah's successor al-Mansur appointed Hasan as governor of the holy city of Medina, but dismissed him in 772 after the two fell out, and confiscated his wealth. After al-Mansur died in 775, the new Caliph, al-Mahdi, restored Hasan to his possessions. Hasan died during the hajj  to Mecca in 783, and was buried at al-Hajir.

Alids
Alids (Arabic: العلويين, romanized: al-ʿAlawiyyīn) are the descendants of Ali, the fourth Rashidun caliph and the first Imam in Shia Islam. He was also the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

The Alids have led various movements in Islam. The direct line of Alids, beginning with Ali himself, constitutes the Twelve Imams of Twelver Shia Islam, the largest branch of Shia Islam.

Other branches of the Alids are the Hasanids and Husaynids, named after Hasan and Husayn, the eldest sons of Ali from his marriage to Fatima, the daughter of Muhammad. As the progeny of Muhammad, they are revered by all Muslims.
Kiruna Central Station
Kiruna Station (Swedish: Kiruna station) is a railway station located on the Iron Ore Line in Kiruna, Sweden. The station is served by up to three daily services northwards on the Iron Ore Line to Narvik Station in Norway. Southwards, the station is served by two daily services to Luleå Central Station and Stockholm Central Station, operated by SJ, and two (week-ends) or three (weekdays) daily services to Luleå Central Station operated by Norrtåg.

The old station was located between LKAB's mines and the city center, and was 400 metres (1,300 ft) from Vänorstorget in the city center. 
In 2013 the a new provisional station in the north east of the town took over the traffic, as the old station is in the area of the iron ore mine.
The old station and the station hotel (stations hotellet) was demolished in 2017.

SJ AB
SJ is the primary passenger train operator in Sweden. A wholly state-owned company operated for-profit under market conditions, SJ operates various services across Sweden. SJ's operations include high-speed trains, intercity trains, night trains, and regional trains, with some services extending into Denmark, Norway and Germany.

SJ traces its roots back to 1856, however was established in its current form as a passenger train operator (SJ AB) in 2001, following the restructuring of Statens Järnvägar, the former government agency responsible for the Swedish railways. SJ AB also has subsidiaries such as SJ Götalandståg, SJ Stockholmståg, and SJ Norge AS, which operate procured regional services in Western Sweden, Stockholm County and Norway, respectively. In 2018, SJ carried 31.8 million passengers.
DiOC6
DiOC6 (3,3′-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide) is a fluorescent dye used for the staining of a cell's endoplasmic reticulum, vesicle membranes and mitochondria. Binding to these structures occurs via the dye's hydrophilic groups. DiOC6 can be used to label living cells, however they are quickly damaged due to the dye's extreme phototoxicity, so cells stained with this dye can only be exposed to light for short periods of time. When exposed to blue light, the dye fluoresces green.

Hydrophile
A hydrophile is a molecule or other molecular entity that is attracted to water molecules and tends to be dissolved by water.

In contrast, hydrophobes are not attracted to water and may seem to be repelled by it. Hygroscopics are attracted to water, but are not dissolved by water.
Toromona
The Toromona are an indigenous people of Bolivia. They are uncontacted people living near the upper Madidi and Heath Rivers in northwestern Bolivia. Bolivia's Administrative Resolution 48/2006, issued on 15 August 2006, created an "exclusive, reserved, and inviolable" portion of the Madidi National Park to protect the Toromona.

Madidi River
Madidi (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈðiði]) is a river located in the La Paz Department of Bolivia. It is a tributary of the Beni River and a part of the Amazon Basin. It runs through the Madidi National Park.
Morge (Lake Geneva)
The Morge, also called Morge de Saint-Gingolph, is a river in the Alps. Its course marks the border between France and Switzerland, between the canton of Valais and Haute-Savoie, southeast of Lake Geneva.

Lake Geneva
Lake Geneva is a deep lake on the north side of the Alps, shared between Switzerland and France. It is one of the largest lakes in Western Europe and the largest on the course of the Rhône. Sixty percent (345.31 km2 or 133.32 sq mi) of the lake belongs to Switzerland (the cantons of Vaud, Geneva and Valais) and forty percent (234.71 km2 or 90.62 sq mi) to France (the department of Haute-Savoie).
The Testament of Ann Lee
The Testament of Ann Lee is a 2025 epic historical musical drama film directed by Mona Fastvold, who co-wrote it with Brady Corbet. The film stars Amanda Seyfried as Ann Lee, the founding leader of the Shakers religious sect in the 18th century. The supporting cast includes Thomasin McKenzie, Lewis Pullman, Stacy Martin, Tim Blake Nelson, and Christopher Abbott.

The Testament of Ann Lee had its premiere in the main competition of the 82nd Venice International Film Festival on 1 September 2025, where it was nominated for the Golden Lion, and was given a limited theatrical release in the United States on 25 December and the United Kingdom on 27 February 2026 by Searchlight Pictures. The film received positive reviews from critics, with Seyfried receiving acclaim for her performance (often described as "career-best") and earning nominations for the Golden Globe Award and the Critics' Choice Award for Best Actress.

Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress
The Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress is an award given out at the annual Critics' Choice Movie Awards. The awards are presented by the Critics Choice Association (CCA), and was first presented in 1995. There were no official nominees announced until 2001. There are currently six nominees annually, and there have been three ties in this category (2008, 2009, 2018). The record for most wins is three, held by Cate Blanchett, and six other actresses have won the award twice.

This is the main Best Actress award for leading performances by an actress. Previously, two other genre-specific categories were presented: Best Actress in a Comedy (from 2012 to 2019); and Best Actress in an Action Movie (from 2012 to 2016).

For the Supporting Actress category, see Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Supporting Actress.
Ahmad Wartam
Ahmad Wartam (1935 – 29 November 2014) was a Singapore international footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He is the father of former Singapore international striker Fandi Ahmad, and grandfather to Singaporean footballers Irfan, Ikhsan, Iman, Ilhan, Iryan.

Ahmad started his football career as a left winger before switching to goalkeeping after a knee injury. He played for Fathul Karib in the SAFA League, and for Singapore FA in the Malaysia Cup. Following a neck injury to regular custodian Wilfred Skinner, he played in Singapore's victory in the 1967 FAM Cup final. He retained his place in the 1967 Malaysia Cup after Skinner was dropped from the squad and started the final in a 2–1 loss to Perak.

In October 2014, Ahmad was admitted into intensive care at Tan Tock Seng Hospital for heart and lung problems. He died a month later on 29 November.

Perak F.C.
Perak Football Club was a professional football club based in Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. Founded in 1921, it was one of the oldest football clubs in the country and last competed in the Malaysia Super League. Formerly overseen by the Perak Football Association, the club turned professional in 1994 and was privatised in 2021. Known as The Bos Gaurus, Perak played its home matches at Perak Stadium until its dissolution in 2025.
Boreda
Boreda is one of the woredas in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Gamo Gofa Zone, Boreda is bordered on the southeast by Mirab Abaya, on the southwest by Chencha, on the west by Kucha, and on the north by the Wolayita Zone. Towns in Boreda include Zefene. Boreda was part of former Boreda Abaya woreda.

Wolayita Zone
Wolayita or Wolaita is an administrative zone in Ethiopia.  Wolayita is bordered on the south by Gamo Zone, on the west by the Omo River which separates it from Dawro, on the northwest by Kembata Zone and Tembaro Special Woreda, on the north by Hadiya, on the northeast by the Oromia Region, on the east by the Bilate River which separates it from Sidama Region, and on the south east by the Lake Abaya which separates it from Oromia Region. The administrative centre of Wolayita is Wolaita Sodo. Other major towns are Areka, Boditi, Tebela, Bale Hawassa, Gesuba, Gununo, Bedessa and Dimtu.

Wolayita has 358 kilometres (222 mi) of all-weather roads and 425 kilometres (264 mi) of dry-weather roads, for an average road density of 187 kilometres per 1000 square kilometres. Its highest point is Mount Damota (2738 meters).
Emil Bauch
Emil Bauch (1823 – after 1874) was a German painter, lithographer and teacher who came to reside in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He painted panoramic city scenes and portraits, as well as some views of Recife and Salvador. His landscapes are conspicuous by his close observation of all the details and the intense variety of motifs of his palette. His works have all but disappeared in the shadow of paintings created by other artists during the second half of the nineteenth century in Brazil.

Catete Palace
The Catete Palace (Portuguese: Palácio do Catete, IPA: [paˈlasju du kaˈtetʃi]) is an urban mansion in the Flamengo neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The property stretches from Rua do Catete (Catete Street) to Praia do Flamengo (Flamengo Beach). Construction began in 1858 and ended in 1867. It was Brazil's presidential palace from 1897 to 1960, and the site of Getúlio Vargas' suicide. It now houses the Museu da República (Republic Museum) and a theatre. The Catete underground rail station is adjacent.
Minister of Foreign Affairs (Somaliland)
The Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of the Republic of Somaliland (Somali: Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland) is the government minister who heads the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of the Republic of Somaliland and is a member of the Cabinet of Somaliland. The minister is responsible for overseeing the international relations of the government.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Somaliland)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of the Republic of Somaliland (Somali: Wasaarada Arrimaha Dibadda iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland)  (Arabic: وزارة الخارجية والتعاون الدولي) is the Somaliland Government ministry which oversees the foreign relations of Somaliland. The present foreign minister is Abdirahman Dahir Adan.
Public Ministry of Peru Building
The Building of the Ministry of Finance and Commerce (Spanish: Edificio del Ministerio de Hacienda y Comercio) is one of the largest buildings located in Abancay Avenue in the historic centre of Lima. Surrounded by Santa Rosa, Cuzco and Ayacucho (formerly Urubamba) streets, it serves as the headquarters of the Public Ministry of Peru.

Ministry of Economy and Finance (Peru)
The Ministry of Economy and Finance (Spanish: Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas, MEF) of Peru is the government ministry responsible for the planning and execution of  economic policies of the Peruvian government with the goal of optimizing the economic and financial activities of the state, establish macroeconomic activity, and achieve the sustainable growth of the nation's economy.

The current Minister of Economy and Finance is Raúl Pérez-Reyes, serving since 13 May 2025.