hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Meiss Lake
Meiss Lake is a 3,000-acre (12 km2), shallow, warm lake located in the western portion of Butte Valley, in eastern Siskiyou County. The lake is a remnant of a larger lake that occupied the entire valley when temperatures were cooler and is fed seasonally by several creeks in Butte Valley. Although Meiss Lake is in the closed Butte Creek Valley basin, in wetter times it undoubtedly flowed over a low divide into Rock Creek and then into the Klamath River east of Copco Lake. A pumping station was installed during the 1964 floods to evacuate floodwaters into Rock Creek as protection for nearby croplands and wildlife habitat wetlands.
Meiss Lake is fully inside the boundaries of the Butte Valley Wildlife Area managed by the California Department of Fish and Game, along with the historic Meiss Ranch which is also a part of the wildlife area.

Siskiyou County, California
Siskiyou County (/ˈsɪskjuː/ ⓘ SISK-yoo) is a county located in the northwestern portion of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 44,076. Its county seat is Yreka and its highest point is Mount Shasta. It falls within the Cascadia bioregion.

Siskiyou County is in the Shasta Cascade region along the Oregon border. Because of its outdoor recreation, Mt. Shasta, McCloud River, and Gold Rush-era history, it is an important tourist destination within the state.
Klaassen
Klaasen is Dutch patronymic surname ("son of Klaas"). Notable people with this name include:

Arno Klaassen (born 1979), Dutch bobsledder

Davy Klaassen (born 1993), Dutch footballer

Jozef Klaassen (born 1983), Dutch rower

Leo Klaassen (1920–1992), Dutch economist

Mihkel Klaassen (1880–1952), Estonian Supreme Court judge

Nel Klaassen (1906–1989), Dutch sculptor

René Klaassen (born 1961), Dutch field hockey player

Fred Klaassen (born 1992), Dutch cricketer

Ryan Klaassen, lead plaintiff in the 2021 vaccine law case Klaassen v. Indiana University

Klaassens

Jan Klaassens (1931–1983), Dutch footballer

Jozef Klaassen
Jozef Franciscus Hendrikus Klaassen (born 5 March 1983 in Thames, New Zealand) is a rower from the Netherlands.

Klaassen qualified for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing with the Dutch eights forming a team with Olaf van Andel, Rogier Blink, Meindert Klem, David Kuiper, Diederik Simon, Olivier Siegelaar, Mitchel Steenman and cox Peter Wiersum. Due to an injury Siegelaar was replaced by Reinder Lubbers during the tournament, where the Dutch finished in 4th place.  He competed for the Dutch men's eight again at the 2012 Summer Olympics where they finished in 5th place.

Klaassen is 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) tall. An investment banker, he was a student of Boston University in Finance and Economic, from which he took a sabbatical for a year to train and compete in the Olympics.

His parents are Dutch, which allowed him to row for the Dutch team, although he rankled Dutch fans when he told a New Zealand paper "I'm a Kiwi."
Dalrymple baronets of New Hailes (1887)
The Dalrymple baronetcy of New Hailes was on 19 July 1887, in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom for Charles Dalrymple (previously Fergusson), second son of Sir Charles Dalrymple Fergusson, 5th Baronet; and grandson of Sir James Fergusson, 4th Baronet and his wife Jean Dalrymple, who was the daughter of Sir David Dalrymple, 3rd Baronet of the 1701 creation.

This title became extinct on the death of the 3rd Baronet on 29 June 1971.

Newhailes House
Newhailes House is a Palladian style country house which stands in 80 acres of parkland on the edge of the small town of Musselburgh in East Lothian, Scotland. It is a Category A listed building which is now occupied and maintained by the National Trust for Scotland.

The current building comprises the original 7-bay frontage flanked by later extensions.

The stable block is also a Category A building.
Abhishek Mishra
Abhishek Mishra (born 29 August 1977) is an Indian academic and politician, who is the National Secretary and Spokesperson of the Samajwadi Party. He is a former member of the legislative assembly of Uttar Pradesh, and a former Cabinet Minister.

Mishra has a MSc degree in management from the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow, and a PhD in strategy and marketing from the University of Cambridge. He has worked as a consultant for the Ministry of Home Affairs and the Ministry of Defence, and has trained IAS and IPS officers. He has also been a member of the faculty at the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad.

In the 2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, he was elected for a five-year term, representing the Samajwadi Party in the sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh. For part of his term, he was a Cabinet Minister in Akhilesh Yadav's cabinet. He lost his seat in the 2017 election.

Indian Police Service
The Indian Police Service (IPS) is a civil service under the All India Services. It replaced the Indian Imperial Police in 1948, a year after India became independent from the British Empire.

Along with the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Forest Service (IFS), the IPS is part of the All India Services – its officers are employed by both the Union Government and by individual states governments.

The service provides leadership to various state and central police forces, including the Central Armed Police Forces (BSF, SSB, CRPF, CISF, and ITBP), the National Security Guard (NSG), Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB), National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), Intelligence Bureau (IB), Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), Special Protection Group (SPG), National Investigation Agency (NIA), and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).
Palazzo Cesarò Colonna
The Palazzo Cesarò Colonna, sometimes called Palazzo Cesarò, is a former aristocratic palace located on Via Cassaro 417, now called Via Vittorio Emanuele, facing the church of Santissimo Salvatore in the quarter of Seralcadio, in the historic center of Palermo, region of Sicily, Italy. The palace much altered from its origins, and the portal is dilapidated. It houses business establishments and apartments.

Monte di Pietà, Palermo
Monte di Pietà, also called Seralcadi, Seralcadio, or il Capo, is one of the original quarters of Palermo, region of Sicily, Italy.

The four original districts (Italian: mandamenti) were established during the Spanish rule of Palermo. Seralcadi derived from the arabic name Sari al Cadì encompasses the Palermo Cathedral and the mercato il Capo. The quarter has as a patron Santa Ninfa and its coat of arms depicts Hercules slaying the lion.
William Louis, Prince of Anhalt-Harzgerode
William Louis of Anhalt-Harzgerode (Harzgerode, 18 August 1643 – Harzgerode, 14 October 1709) was a German prince of the House of Ascania and the last ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Harzgerode.

He was the eldest child and only son of Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Harzgerode, by his first wife Johanna Elisabeth, daughter of John Louis, Prince of Nassau-Hadamar.

John Louis of Nassau-Hadamar
John Louis of Nassau-Hadamar, (Dillenburg, 6 August 1590 – Hadamar, 10 March 1653) and also known in German as Johann Ludwig, was a German nobleman and member of the House of Nassau who is best known for his role as an aide to the head of the imperial (Holy Roman Empire) delegation for the Peace of Westphalia, Count Maximilian von Trautmansdorff.

He was the son of John VI, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg and his third wife Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein.

When his father died in 1606, Nassau was divided amongst his five sons. William Louis received Nassau-Dillenburg, John received Nassau-Siegen, George received Nassau-Beilstein, Ernst Casimir received Nassau-Dietz and John Louis received Nassau-Hadamar.
Gödel logic
In mathematical logic, a Gödel logic, sometimes referred to as Dummett logic or Gödel–Dummett logic, is a member of a family of finite- or infinite-valued logics in which the sets of truth values V are closed subsets of the unit interval [0,1] containing both 0 and 1. Different such sets V in general determine different Gödel logics.  The concept is named after Kurt Gödel.

In 1959, Michael Dummett showed that infinite-valued propositional Gödel logic can be axiomatised by adding the axiom schema

to intuitionistic propositional logic.

Unit interval
In mathematics, the unit interval is the closed interval [0,1], that is, the set of all real numbers that are greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.  It is often denoted I (capital letter I). In addition to its role in real analysis, the unit interval is used to study homotopy theory in the field of topology.

In the literature, the term "unit interval" is sometimes applied to the other shapes that an interval from 0 to 1 could take: (0,1], [0,1), and (0,1).  However, the notation I is most commonly reserved for the closed interval [0,1].
Rutherford High School (New Jersey)
Rutherford High School is a comprehensive four-year public high school located in Rutherford, in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as part of the Rutherford School District. The original structure was built in 1922 and expanded in 1938, 1957 and 2005. Rutherford High School is overseen by the New Jersey Department of Education and has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools since 1940.

As of the 2024–25 school year, the school had an enrollment of 727 students and 68.8 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.6:1. There were 21 students (2.9% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 8 (1.1% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Comprehensive high school
Comprehensive high schools are the most widely adopted form of public high schools around the world, designed to provide a well-rounded education to its students. The typical comprehensive high school offers more than one course program of specialization to its students. Comprehensive high schools generally offer a college preparatory course program and one or more foreign language, scientific or vocational course programs. Alternatively, in some educational systems examinations are used to sort students into different high schools for different populations. Other types of high schools specialize in university-preparatory school academic preparation, remedial instruction, or vocational instruction.
Jamuna River (West Bengal)
The Jamuna River is a tributary of the Ichamati River. It originates from the Hoogly River at Char Jadubati, opposite Tribeni, and flows through the Nadia and North 24 Parganas districts of West Bengal, where it merges with the Ichamati River.

Nadia district
Nadia district (Bengali pronunciation: [nɔd̪iːaː]) is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It lies in the Presidency division. It borders Bangladesh to the east, North 24 Parganas and Hooghly districts to the south, Purba Bardhaman to the west, and Murshidabad to the north.

Nadia district is highly influential in the cultural history of Bengal. The standard form of modern Bengali, developed in the 19th century, is based on the dialect spoken around Shantipur region of Nadia. Known as the "Oxford of Bengal", Nabadwip made many contributions to Indian philosophy, such as the Navya-Nyaya system of logic, and is the birthplace of the Vaishnava saint Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. The district is still largely agricultural.
Bobsleigh Canada Skeleton
Bobsleigh Canada Skeleton (BCS) is the official federation for bobsleigh and skeleton in Canada. It serves as the Canadian representative for the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation and is part of the Canadian Olympic Committee.

BCS is headquartered in Calgary, Alberta, at Canada Olympic Park.

Canada Olympic Park
Canada Olympic Park (COP), formerly known as Paskapoo Ski Hill, is a ski hill and multi-purpose training and competition facility located in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, owned and operated by WinSport. It is currently used both for high performance athletic training and for recreational purposes by the general public. Canada Olympic Park was one of the venues for the 1988 Winter Olympics, being the primary venue for ski jumping, bobsleigh, and luge.

The park is located in western Calgary, south of the Trans-Canada Highway, north of the community of Cougar Ridge, west of Bowness and east of Valley Ridge.
KLAW
KLAW (101.3 FM) is a radio station airing a country music format licensed to Lawton, Oklahoma. The station serves the areas of Lawton; Duncan, Oklahoma; Burkburnett, Texas; and Frederick, Oklahoma, and is licensed to Townsquare License, LLC. Studios are located in downtown Lawton, and the transmitter is located southwest of the city.

Frederick, Oklahoma
Frederick is a city in and the county seat of Tillman County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 3,468 at the time of the 2020 Census.  It is an agriculture-based community that primarily produces wheat, cotton, and cattle.  Frederick is home to three dairies, a 1400-acre industrial park, and Frederick Regional Airport, which includes restored World War II hangars which house the World War II Airborne Demonstration Team.

Frederick was visited in April 1905 by then U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt while he was on a wolf hunt.
Mycena strobilinoides
Mycena strobilinoides, commonly known as the flame mycena, or scarlet fairy helmet, is a species of agaric fungus in the family Mycenaceae.

The cap is up to 2 centimetres (3⁄4 in) wide, conical to bell-shaped, and smooth. It is initially red, then bright orange and paler shades. The stem is up to 6 cm (2+1⁄4 in) long and has long orange hairs, mostly at the base. The spores are amyloid, ellipsoid, and measure 7–9 by 4–5 μm. The spore print is white.

There are some similar species in the genus but they mostly differ in color.

It is found in North America, where it fruits scattered or in dense groups on needle beds and moss. It is more common in western than eastern North America and is also found in Europe. It prefers to grow at elevations greater than 760 metres (2,500 ft) in montane locales.

Agaric
An agaric (/ˈæɡərɪk, əˈɡærɪk/) is a type of fungal fruiting body characterized by the presence of a pileus (cap) that is clearly differentiated from the stipe (stalk), with lamellae (gills) on the underside of the pileus. It is a type of mushroom (or toadstool), the diverse group of agarics being lumped together as gilled mushrooms. "Agaric" can also refer more generally to any basidiomycete species characterized by an agaric-type fruiting body.
The Kazan Herald
The Kazan Herald (Rus.: Казанский Вестник, Tat.: Казан Мөхбире) is the only English-language online newspaper published in Kazan, the capital of Tatarstan, Russia. It was also distributed free of charge in tourism and business locations in Kazan and other cities around the Republic of Tatarstan, including Yelabuga, Nizhnekamsk, and Naberezhnye Chelny.

Yelabuga
Yelabuga (also spelled Elabuga; Russian: Елабуга; Tatar: Алабуга, romanized: Alabuğa) is a town in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located on the right bank of the Kama River and 200 kilometers (120 mi) east from Kazan. Population:  70,728 (2010 census); 68,663 (2002 census); 53,537 (1989 Soviet census).
Leon Schreiber
Leon Amos Schreiber (born 11 September 1988) is a South African writer and politician who is currently serving as Minister of Home Affairs since 3 July 2024. A member of the Democratic Alliance (DA), he has been a Member of the National Assembly of South Africa since May 2019.

Before his appointment to the cabinet, he served in the shadow cabinet as Shadow Minister of Public Service and Administration during the Sixth Parliament from May 2019 to June 2024. In that capacity he rose to prominence for his campaign against cadre deployment in the national government. He is also a prominent advocate for Afrikaans language rights at Stellenbosch University.

Cadre (politics)
In political contexts, a cadre (/ˈkɑːdrə/, also UK: /ˈkɑːdər/, also US: /ˈkɑːdreɪ/) consists of persons who function as leaders within a political organization.
In some socialist states, a cadre is a group of people trained to carry out the goals of the party-state and to disseminate and enforce official ideology. These groups aim to stimulate loyalty by mobilizing citizens and by encouraging ideological and policy consensus. Cadres can be deployed in the field or employed in central offices by a political party, by the state, or by the secret police. They are often formed in order to break apart existing  class hierarchies among citizens of a party-state. Such cadres have operated in a number of different countries: for example in the Soviet Union (1922 to 1991) and in Ethiopia during the Derg (1974 to 1987). As of 2025 the People's Republic of China maintains a cadre system.
Pottstown Legionaires
The Pottstown Legionaires were a short lived minor league baseball team based in Pottstown, Pennsylvania. In 1932, the Legionaires played as members of the six–team, Class D level Interstate League. The Interstate League folded during the 1932 season, with Pottstown in second place.

Earl Potteiger
William Earl Potteiger (February 11, 1893 – April 7, 1959) was an American football, baseball, and basketball player and coach. He played professionally in both baseball and football and coached professionally in basketball, baseball and football. Potteiger was player-coach for the New York Giants when they won their first National Football League (NFL) championship in 1927. He also played minor league baseball from 1913 to 1917, in 1919, and from 1926 to 1927. He managed in the minors from 1926 to 1927 and in 1932.
Rossosh
Rossosh (Russian: Россошь) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Rossosh, Rossoshansky District, Voronezh Oblast, a town in Rossoshansky District of Voronezh Oblast

Rural localities

Rossosh, Belgorod Oblast, a khutor in Veydelevsky District of Belgorod Oblast

Rossosh, Kasharsky District, Rostov Oblast, a selo in Pervomayskoye Rural Settlement of Kasharsky District in Rostov Oblast

Rossosh, Tarasovsky District, Rostov Oblast, a khutor in Tarasovskoye Rural Settlement of Tarasovsky District in Rostov Oblast

Rossosh, Repyovsky District, Voronezh Oblast, a selo in Rossoshanskoye Rural Settlement of Repyovsky District in Voronezh Oblast

Belgorod Oblast
Belgorod Oblast (Russian: Белгоро́дская о́бласть, romanized: Belgorodskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Belgorod. As of 2021, the population is 1,540,486.
Tit Galop Pour Mamou
"Tit Galop Pour Mamou" (English: either Canter to Mamou or Giddy-Yap to Mamou) is a Cajun folk song with words and music by Dewey Balfa.  The tune behind Joe South's "Games People Play" resembles the tune of "Tit Galop Pour Mamou" to some extent.

A recording of the song by Mamou Master was used on the soundtrack of the 1991 film Scorchers. The song was also recorded as the title cut of a 1992 album by Steve Riley and the Mamou Playboys.

The album was first released 1965 and is considered Volume 1.  Volume 2 was released in 1974 however, in 1994, both were re-released as a double album set.

Games People Play (Joe South song)
"Games People Play" is a song written, composed, and performed by American singer-songwriter Joe South, released in August 1968. It entered the US Billboard Hot 100 in January 1969 and won the 1970 Grammy Awards for both Best Contemporary Song and the Song of the Year. In 1994, Jamaican reggae band Inner Circle had a very successful European hit with their cover version of the song.
Stade Makis
Stade Makis is a stadium located in Antananarivo, Madagascar used for rugby union matches.

The stadium is located on a four-hectare plot in the western part of Antananarivo, four kilometers from the city center. It seats 20,000 people and includes locker rooms, a gym, and parking for 150 vehicles. It is also the headquarters of the Madagascan Rugby Federation.

On 15 December 2012, the stadium was officially opened by the President of Madagascar, Andry Rajoelina, who also laid the cornerstone a few months earlier.

Some top-flight rugby union clubs from Madagascar sometimes play at the Stade Makis in front of capacity crowds of 20,000.

Madagascan Rugby Federation
The Madagascan Rugby Federation (French: Fédération Malagasy de Rugby) is the governing body for rugby union in Madagascar. It is a inaugural member of the Confederation of African Rugby (CAR) and a member of the International Rugby Board.
Mandla Lok Sabha constituency
Mandla is one of the 29 Lok Sabha constituencies in Madhya Pradesh state in central India. This constituency is reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes, it became a reserved constituency in 1957. It presently covers the entire Dindori and Mandla districts and parts of Seoni and Narsinghpur districts.

Narsinghpur district
Narsinghpur district (Hindi pronunciation: [nəɾsɪŋgʱpʊɾ]; also referred to Narsimhapur district) is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Vindhyachal is on its northern border and the Satpura range extends along its entire length on the southern border. In the northern part, the Narmada river flows from east to west. Latitude 22º.45N 23º.15N, Longitude 78º.38E 79º.38E, Area 5125.55 Square Kilometers, 359.8 meters above sea level. The city of Narsinghpur is administrative headquarters of the district. As of 2001 Narsinghpur is the most literate district of MP.
Tussock grasslands of New Zealand
Tussock grasslands form expansive and distinctive landscapes in the South Island and, to a lesser extent, in the Central Plateau region of the North Island of New Zealand. Most of the plants referred to as tussocks are in the genera Chionochloa, Festuca, and Poa, also Carex.

What would be termed "herbfields" for European mountains, and bunchgrass meadows in North America, are referred to as tussock herbfields in New Zealand due to a dominance of this type of plant. Species of the genus Chionochloa dominate in these areas. The larger tussocks are called snow grass (or less commonly snow tussocks) and may grow up to 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) in height. They grow slowly and some specimens are estimated to be several centuries old.

North Island Volcanic Plateau
The North Island Volcanic Plateau (often called the Central Plateau and occasionally the Waimarino Plateau) is a volcanic plateau covering much of central North Island of New Zealand with volcanoes, lava plateaus, and crater lakes. It contains the  Taupō caldera complex, Ōkataina caldera complex and  Tongariro Volcanic Centre resulting in it being currently the most frequently active and productive area of silicic volcanism on Earth. New Zealand is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire.
HMS Royal Adelaide
HMS Royal Adelaide was a 104-gun first-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 28 July 1828 at Plymouth.

When first ordered in 1812 she was intended to be a second rate of 98 guns, but in the general reclassifications of 1817 she was reclassed as a first rate.

She was converted to serve as a depot ship in 1860, and was eventually sold out of the navy in 1905.

Second-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a second-rate was a ship of the line which by the start of the 18th century mounted 90 to 98 guns on three gun decks; earlier 17th-century second rates had fewer guns and were originally two-deckers or had only partially armed third gun decks. A "second rate" was the second largest class of warships in a hierarchical system of six "ratings" based on size and firepower.

They were essentially smaller and hence cheaper versions of the 100-gun first-rates. Like the first rates, they fought in the line of battle, but unlike the first rates, which were considered too valuable to risk in distant stations, the second rates often served also in major overseas stations as flagships. They had a reputation for poor handling and slow sailing. They were popular as flagships of admirals commanding the Windward and/or Leeward Islands station, which was usually a Rear-admiral of the red.