hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jury stability criterion
In signal processing and control theory, the Jury stability criterion is a method of determining the stability of a  discrete-time, linear system by analysis of the coefficients of its characteristic polynomial. It is the discrete time analogue of the Routh–Hurwitz stability criterion. The Jury stability criterion requires that the system poles are located inside the unit circle centered at the origin, while the Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion requires that the poles are in the left half of the complex plane.  The Jury criterion is named after Eliahu Ibraham Jury.

Characteristic polynomial
In linear algebra, the characteristic polynomial of a square matrix is a polynomial which is invariant under matrix similarity and has the eigenvalues as roots. It has the determinant and the trace of the matrix among its coefficients. The characteristic polynomial of an endomorphism of a finite-dimensional vector space is the characteristic polynomial of the matrix of that endomorphism over any basis (that is, the characteristic polynomial does not depend on the choice of a basis). The characteristic equation, also known as the determinantal equation, is the equation obtained by equating the characteristic polynomial to zero.

In spectral graph theory, the characteristic polynomial of a graph is the characteristic polynomial of its adjacency matrix.
Wrangel Mansion
Wrangel Mansion (Russian: Дом Врангеля) is a building in Rostov-on-Don, built in 1885 by architect Nikolay Doroshenko. In this house Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel, one of the main leaders of the White Movement, spent his childhood and youth years. Wrangel Mansion has the status of an object of cultural heritage of regional significance.

Rostov-on-Don
Rostov-on-Don, or simply Rostov, is a port city and the administrative centre of Rostov Oblast and the Southern Federal District of Russia. It lies in the southeastern part of the East European Plain on the Don River, 32 kilometers (20 mi) from the Sea of Azov, directly north of the North Caucasus. The southwestern suburbs of the city lie above the Don river delta. Rostov-on-Don has a population of over one million people and is an important cultural, educational, economic and logistical centre of Southern Russia.
Boise meridian
The Boise meridian is one of the 35 principal meridians of the Public Land Survey System of the United States. Adopted in 1867, its longitude is 116° 23′ 35″ (or 116° 24′ 15″) west from Greenwich and its principal baseline is latitude 43° 22′ 21″ north. The meridian and baseline intersect approximately 19 miles (31 km) from Boise, between the Snake River and the Boise River. The Boise meridian governs land surveys in the state of Idaho.

The city of Meridian, Idaho lies directly on the meridian and is a namesake of the meridian.

Baseline (surveying)
In surveying, a baseline is generally a line between two points on the Earth's surface and the direction and/or distance between them.

In a triangulation network, at least one distance between two stations needs to be measured to calculate the size of the triangles by trigonometry.

In relative Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) surveying, a baseline is the line between two GNSS receivers to determine the 3D coordinate difference.
Right to Change
Right to Change (also written as Right2Change or RTOC) is a minor left-wing political party in Ireland. It was founded in May 2020 by TD Joan Collins. Collins was elected as an Independents 4 Change TD in the 2020 general election; she had previously been a member of the Socialist Party. The party has invited trade unions to affiliate.

The party focuses on social and economic justice, grassroots activism, and progressive policies.

RTOC gained representation on Dublin City Council, after two former Independents 4 Change councillors, Sophie Nicoulland and Pat Dunne, joined the party. Only Dunne was re-elected at the 2024 local elections.

For the 2024 general election, Collins was the sole candidate to run for RTOC. She was not re-elected, leaving the party without national representation.

2024 Irish local elections
The 2024 Irish local elections were held in all local authorities in Ireland on Friday, 7 June 2024. European Parliament elections were held on the same day. It also included the 2024 Limerick mayoral election, for the first directly elected mayor in Ireland. Each local government area (a city, a county, or a city and county) is divided into local electoral areas (LEAs) where three to seven councillors are elected on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV). This year saw a record number of women standing for election, with 31.4% (682 out of 2,171 candidates) being female. 26.1% of those elected were women (248 out of 949), a small increase compared to the last elections. Voter turnout for the elections was 49.4%, the first time less than half of registered voters participated, slightly down from 50.2% in 2019.
Glenn Martens
Glenn Martens (born 29 April 1983) is a Belgian fashion designer. Martens began as a junior designer at Jean Paul Gaultier for the women's pre-collection and menswear label G2 (2008–2012). He launched his own label in 2012 which ran for three seasons, before taking over Y/Project (2013–2024) as creative director after one of its co-founders, Yohan Serfaty, died. Martens also became creative director of Diesel in 2020, and after leaving Y/Project, is set to take over Maison Margiela in 2025.

Damiano David
Damiano David (Italian pronunciation: [daˈmjaːno ˈdaːvid]; born 8 January 1999) is an Italian singer and songwriter. He is the frontman of the rock band Måneskin, which won the Sanremo Music Festival 2021 and subsequently the Eurovision Song Contest 2021 representing Italy with the song "Zitti e buoni". In 2024, David started his solo musical career with the singles "Silverlines" and "Born with a Broken Heart", which preceded his debut studio album Funny Little Fears (2025). He embarked on his first solo concert tour in 2025.
When You Are a King
"When You Are a King" is a 1971 pop song by British band White Plains. It was written by John and Roger Hill, in contrast to most White Plains songs that were written by Roger Cook and Roger Greenaway. Produced by Roger Greenaway. Featuring Pete Nelson on lead vocals.

Roger Cook (songwriter)
Roger Frederick Cook (born 19 August 1940) is an English singer, songwriter and record producer, who has written many hit records for other recording artists. He has also had a successful recording career in his own right.

He is best known for his collaborations with Roger Greenaway. Cook's co-compositions have included "You've Got Your Troubles", and the transatlantic million-selling songs, "I'd Like to Teach the World to Sing" and "Long Cool Woman in a Black Dress". They were the first UK songwriting partnership to win an Ivor Novello Award as 'Songwriters of the Year' over two successive years.

In 1997, Cook became the first British songwriter to enter the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame.
Stéphan Perrot
Stéphan Perrot (born 19 June 1977 in Nice) is a breaststroke swimmer from France, who won the gold medal in the men's 200 metres breaststroke event at the 1999 European Championships in Istanbul. He represented his native country at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, where he was eliminated in the semifinals of the men's 200 m breaststroke.

Breaststroke
Breaststroke is a swimming style in which the swimmer is on their chest and the torso does not rotate. It is the most popular recreational style due to the swimmer's head being out of the water a large portion of the time, and that it can be swum comfortably at slow speeds. In most swimming classes, beginners learn either the breaststroke or the freestyle (front crawl) first. However, at the competitive level, swimming breaststroke at speed requires endurance and strength comparable to other strokes. Some people refer to breaststroke as the "frog" stroke because the arms and legs move somewhat like a frog swimming in the water. The stroke itself is the slowest of any competitive strokes and is thought to be the oldest of all swimming strokes.
Manzoor Wassan
Manzoor Wassan (Urdu: منظور وسان, Sindhi: منظور وسان; born 15 July 1957) is a Pakistani politician affiliated with the Pakistan Peoples Party (Parliamentarians) who was served as the Minister for Home Affairs of the province of Sindh, but currently he has been disqualified by The Supreme Court of Pakistan. Wassan is a lawyer by profession and hails from the city of Khairpur.

He has been a member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh four times (1988–90; 90–93; 1997–99; 2008–present) and has previously also been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan two times (1993–96 and 2002–2007).

Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians
The Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians (PPPP) is a Pakistani political party and an electoral extension of the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP). It was created in 2002 by Amin Fahim after Pervez Musharraf's government imposed restrictions on the PPP and its chairperson Benazir Bhutto to participate in Pakistani politics.

In January 2017, Asif Ali Zardari was elected as the President of PPPP.
The Jaguar Tour
The Jaguar Tour was the debut concert tour by American singer-songwriter Victoria Monét in support of her debut studio album Jaguar II and her fifth EP Jaguar. The tour was scheduled to commence on September 6, 2023, in Detroit, but due to venue changes, it commenced on September 15 at Washington, D.C. and concluded on November 18, 2023, in Salvador. Alex Vaughn, Ambré, Kendra Jae, Lavish, Leon Thomas, Tanerélle and Tone Stith will be supporting acts for select North American dates.

Lucky Daye
David Debrandon Brown (born September 25, 1985), known professionally as Lucky Daye, is an American R&B singer-songwriter from New Orleans. He signed with Keep Cool Records and RCA Records to release his first two extended plays, I (2018) and II (2019). The EPs were part of a series leading up to his debut studio album, Painted (2019). His third EP, Table for Two, won Best Progressive R&B Album at the 64th Annual Grammy Awards. His second album, Candydrip (2022), was preceded by his first Billboard Hot 100 entry, "Over". His third album, Algorithm (2024), was nominated for Best R&B Album at the 67th Annual Grammy Awards and it’s lead single “That’s You” won Best Traditional R&B Performance.
Pagoda at the Wuta Temple
Pagoda at the Wuta Temple is a religious architectural work, located in Haidian District, Beijing. The temple was first constructed during the Yongle Reign of the Ming Dynasty and has been destroyed, only leaving the pagoda on the vajracchedika throne completed in 1473. The whole structure, made of bricks and bluestones, consists of the throne foundation with front and a black stone arch and a stone stair to the top of the throne. Atop the throne are a colored glaze dome pavilion and five smaller pagodas carved with Buddha images, Sanskrit and religious decorations.

Haidian, Beijing
Haidian (Chinese: 海淀区; pinyin: Hǎidiàn Qū) is a northwest urban district of Beijing, bordering Xicheng and Fengtai.

It is 431 km2 (166 sq mi) in area, making it the second-largest district in urban Beijing area (after Chaoyang), and is home to 3,133,469 inhabitants as of November 2020. According to the latest 2025 census data, the population of Haidian District is 3.122 million.
15 Firwood Fold
15 Firwood Fold is a 16th-century house in Bolton, Greater Manchester, England. It is a Grade II* listed building and according to local tradition is the oldest inhabited house in Bolton. It stands separate from the other houses on Firwood Fold.

The house was originally built in a medieval style using the cruck construction technique, whereby A-shaped oak trusses on stone bases were covered in wattle and daub and thatch. It was later renovated and clad in stone. One of the trusses can be clearly seen in the gable end.

In 1969 the hamlet of Firwood Fold was designated Bolton's first conservation area, ensuring protection of its historic character. The unified appearance of the hamlet—simple style, local stone, and modest scale—has been preserved despite centuries of change.

Wattle and daub
Wattle and daub is a composite building method in which a woven lattice of wooden strips called "wattle" is "daubed" with a sticky material usually made of some combination of wet soil, clay, sand, and straw.  Wattle and daub has been used for at least 6,000 years and is still an important construction method in many parts of the world. Many historic buildings include wattle and daub construction.
2025 Jiangxi Open – Singles
Anna Blinkova defeated Lilli Tagger in the final, 6–3, 6–3 to win the singles tennis title at the 2025 Jiangxi Open. She did not lose a set en route to her second WTA Tour title, and first since 2022.

Viktorija Golubic was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Tagger. Tagger became the first player born in 2008 to reach a WTA final, and the first player to reach the final on her first tour-level main draw appearance since Noma Noha Akugue at the 2023 Hamburg Open.

Aliona Falei
Aliona Siarhiejeŭna Falei (Belarusian: Алёна Сяргееўна Фалей born 29 March 2004) is a Belarusian professional tennis player.

Falei has career-high WTA rankings of 197 in singles and 393 in doubles. She has won four singles titles and three doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.
Charles Sikubwabo
Charles Sikubwabo was a Rwandan fugitive war criminal wanted for his role in the 1994 Rwandan genocide. He was  indicted following by the United Nations' International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda for genocide, crimes against humanity, and other violations of international humanitarian law. He served as mayor of Gishyita commune, Kibuye prefecture, from 1993 till July 1994. According to the indictment against him, Sikubwabo played an instrumental role in the murder of Tutsis in the Kibuye region during the genocide, including personally participating in killings. During this period, in contact with Clement Kayishema, Obed Ruzindana, and Aloys Ndimbati, amongst others, he facilitated the murders of Tutsis who sought refuge in the Bisesero hills. On April 30th 2024 the war crimes tribunal for Rwanda declared it had enough evidence to confirm Sikubwabo's death. He is believed to have been buried in an unmarked grave in central Africa.

Kibuye Province
The Province of Kibuye was one of the 12 provinces of Rwanda prior to 2006. These were known as prefectures before the administrative reform of 2002. Kibuye, Rwanda was the "capital" (or, in certain official Rwandan texts, the "major city") of the province.

The territorial reform on 1 January 2006 merged the province with the Cyangugu Province, Gisenyi Province, and part of Ruhengeri Province, to create the new Western Province.
Chief Justice of Grenada
The chief justice of Grenada is the head of the Supreme Court of Grenada which consists of the High Court with three justices and a two-tier Court of Appeal.

The original High Court of Grenada was replaced by the Windward and Leeward Islands Supreme Court and the Windward and Leeward Islands Court of Appeal in 1939; both of the latter were replaced in 1967 by the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court which performs both functions. The Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, known in Grenada as the Supreme Court of Grenada and the West Indies Associated States, is headquartered in St Lucia, and is now the superior court of record for Grenada and the other Caribbean states which comprise the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States.

Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States
The Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS; French: Organisation des États de la Caraïbe orientale, OECO) is an inter-governmental organisation dedicated to economic harmonisation and integration, protection of human and legal rights, and the encouragement of good governance between countries and territories in the Eastern Caribbean. It also performs the role of spreading responsibility and liability in the event of natural disaster.

The administrative body of the OECS is the Commission, which is headquartered in Castries, the capital of Saint Lucia.

OECS operates an economic union within the larger CARICOM economic union. Eight members operate as a currency union - the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union, using the Eastern Caribbean dollar.
Lokring Technology
Lokring Technology is a privately held international company headquartered in Willoughby, Ohio that serves over 30 countries worldwide. The Chairman and President of the company is William Lennon, the grandson of Fred A. Lennon, founder of Swagelok. Lokring employs less than 100 workers at its headquarters.

Lokring designs patented, weld equivalent pipe and tube fittings such as couplings, flanges, elbows, adapters, and more. The unique technology of the patented Lokring fittings utilize "Elastic Strain Preload"
(ESP), and possesses a metal to metal leak-free seal that compresses or swages the pipe/tube wall.

Willoughby, Ohio
Willoughby is a city in Lake County, Ohio, United States, along the Chagrin River. The population was 23,959 at the time of the 2020 census. A suburb of Cleveland, it is part of the Cleveland metropolitan area.
Santiago Civetta
Santiago Civetta Ponce de Leon (born 28 February 1998) is a Uruguayan rugby union player who generally plays as a Flanker represents Uruguay internationally. He was included in the Uruguayan squad for the 2019 Rugby World Cup which was held in Japan for the first time and also marked his first World Cup appearance.

2019 Rugby World Cup squads
The 2019 Rugby World Cup was an international rugby union tournament which was held in Japan from 20 September until 2 November 2019. Twenty national teams competed, and each brought a 31-man squad containing no regulated number of players per-position to the tournament. The tournament was administered by World Rugby, to whom each team submitted their finalised squad by 8 September 2019. A player may be replaced for medical or compassionate reasons, but would be unable to return to the squad. Any replacement player has an enforced stand-down period of 48 hours before they can take the field.

Players marked (c) were named as captain for their national squad.

The age listed for each player is on 20 September 2019, the first day of the tournament. The numbers of caps for each player do not include any matches played after the start of tournament.
Aliyor Ashurmamadov
Aliyor Devlokhovich Ashurmamadov (Russian: Алиёр Девлохович Ашурмамадов; born on 20 August 1970) is a Tajikistani football coach and a former player who played for FC Lokomotiv Moscow, FC Anzhi Makhachkala, and FC Irtysh. He is the manager of Regar-TadAZ Tursunzoda. He was a member of the Tajikistan national football team.

FC Anzhi Makhachkala
Football Club Anzhi Makhachkala (Russian: Футбо́льный клуб «Анжи́» Махачкала́, pronounced [fʊdˈbolʲnɨj ˈklup ɐnˈʐɨ məxətɕkɐˈla]), known simply as FC Anji, is a Russian semi-professional football club based in the Dagestani capital of Makhachkala. Founded in 1991, the club now competes in the fifth-tier of Russian Football, the Russian Amateur Football League.

In January 2011, Anzhi Makhachkala was purchased by billionaire Suleyman Kerimov, and subsequently made numerous high-profile signings, including those of striker Samuel Eto'o and defender Roberto Carlos. Following severe budget cuts ahead of the 2013–14 Russian Premier League season, the club lost most of its key players and went on to finish bottom of the table, which resulted in relegation to the Russian National Football League at the end of the season.
William D. Sullivan
William Daniel Sullivan (born 1950) is a retired United States Navy vice admiral who served as the U.S. military representative to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

Sullivan also served as Vice Director for Strategic Plans and Policy on the Joint Staff, and as Director to the U.S. Pacific Command for Strategy and Plans. He commanded USS Sampson (DDG-10) during Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm and USS Cowpens (CG-63) during Persian Gulf combat operations.

USS Cowpens (CG-63)
USS Cowpens (CG-63) was a Ticonderoga-class guided missile cruiser in service with the United States Navy from 1991 to 2024. The ship is named after the Battle of Cowpens, a major American victory near Cowpens, South Carolina, in the American Revolution. She was built at the Bath Iron Works in Maine. Cowpens was last stationed at Naval Base San Diego.
The Roxx Regime Demos
The Roxx Regime Demos is the eleventh release and third compilation album by Stryper consisting of songs originally released under the band's previous name, Roxx Regime, except for the track "Honestly", which is taken from a later demo. While the album's general release was on July 10, 2007, pre-sale purchases at Stryper.com shipped on July 7, 2007, a reference to 777, a number that used to appear onstage at Stryper concerts.

Oz Fox
Richard Alfonso Martinez (born June 18, 1961), better known by the stage name Oz Fox, is the lead guitarist of the Christian glam metal band Stryper. Martinez' high school friends called him Oz in honor of Ozzy Osbourne due to his ability to emulate the vocals of Osbourne while playing Black Sabbath covers in his pre-Stryper days. He was recruited by the Sweet brothers in 1983 to form what would become Stryper.  As a founding member of the band, Fox recorded and toured with Stryper until the band's first break up in 1992 but has since rejoined the band.
Hameiri
Hameiri is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Avigdor Hameiri (1890–1970), Hungarian-Israeli writer

Yechiel Hameiri (born 1949), Israeli footballer

Menachem Meiri (1249–1306), Spanish Talmudist

Menachem HaMeiri
Menachem ben Solomon HaMeiri (Hebrew: מנחם בן שלמה המאירי; French: Don Vidal Solomon; 1249–1315), commonly referred to as HaMeiri, the Meiri, or just Meiri, was a famous medieval Catalan rabbi, and Talmudist. Though most of his expansive commentary, spanning 35 tractates of the Talmud, was not publicly available until the turn of the 19th century, it has since gained widespread renown and acceptance among Talmudic scholars.
Democratic Patriots' Unified Party
The Democratic Patriots' Unified Party (Arabic: حزب الوطنيين الديمقراطيين الموحد), formerly the Democratic Patriots' Movement, is a communist party in Tunisia. Established in 1981, the movement was only legalised in 2011 after the Tunisian Revolution. The movement primarily advocates a parliamentary system, the balanced development of the peasantry and light industry, and campaigns against the exploitation of the working classes of Tunisia. In the 2011 elections, they won one seat in the Constituent Assembly of Tunisia, Mongi Rahoui from Jendouba Constituency. In October 2012, the party formed a leftist coalition, the Popular Front, with the Workers' Party, the Tunisian Green Party, the Movement of Socialist Democrats, the Tunisian Ba'ath Movement (an Iraqi-led branch of the Ba'ath Party), and other Progressive parties. The Movement is strongly anti-Islamist.

Its secretary-general, Chokri Belaid, was shot dead on 6 February 2013.

Constituent Assembly of Tunisia
The Constituent Assembly of Tunisia, or National Constituent Assembly (NCA) was the body in charge of devising a new Tunisian constitution for the era after the fall of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali and his Constitutional Democratic Rally (RCD)–regime. Convoked after the election on 23 October 2011, the convention consisted of 217 lawmakers representing Tunisians living both in the country and abroad. A plurality of members came from the moderate Islamist Ennahda Movement. The Assembly held its first meeting on 22 November 2011, and was dissolved and replaced by the Assembly of the Representatives of the People on 26 October 2014.