hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kingship (Hinduism)
In Hinduism, kingship was a monarchy institution guided by the religious laws of Hinduism, with a corresponding complex and hierarchical structure. Hindu monarchies headed by Hindu kings were widespread in South Asia since about 1500 BC and later in Southeast Asia. Hindu monarchies went into slow decline in medieval times, with most gone by the end of the 17th century, although the last one, the Kingdom of Nepal, was abolished only in 2008. Modern countries with Hindu majority population, like India, Nepal and Mauritius, practice state secularism.

The notable Hindu empires in India included the Guptas (c. 320–550 AD), The Kushan Empire, the Chola Empire in Tamil Nadu (c. 848–1279 AD), and the Vijayanagara Empire (c. 1336–1646 AD). At different points in time, Hindu kingdoms and empires had dominated in Southeast Asia on the territories of the modern Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia,  Singapore, Timor Leste, Brunei and Thailand.

Secular state
A secular state is an idea pertaining to secularity, whereby a state is or purports to be officially neutral in matters of religion, supporting neither religion nor irreligion. A secular state claims to treat all its citizens equally regardless of religion, and claims to avoid preferential treatment for a citizen based on their religious beliefs, affiliation or lack of either over those with other profiles.

Although secular states have no state religion, the absence of an established state religion does not mean that a state is completely secular or egalitarian. For example, some states that describe themselves as secular have religious references in their national anthems and flags, laws that benefit one religion or another, or are members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and of the International Religious Freedom or Belief Alliance.
2025 SM Town: The Culture, the Future
2025 SM Town: The Culture, the Future (stylized as 2025 SMTOWN : THE CULTURE, THE FUTURE) is the tenth special album and sixteenth overall by SM Town. It was released by SM Entertainment on February 14, 2025, as part of the label's 30th anniversary celebration. The album contains seventeen tracks, including the new song "Thank You" and various SM Entertainment cover songs performed by different artists from the label.

Chanyeol
Park Chan-yeol (Korean: 박찬열; born November 27, 1992), better known mononymously as Chanyeol, is a South Korean rapper,  singer, songwriter, producer, and actor. He is a member of the South Korean-Chinese boy group Exo, its sub-group Exo-K and sub-unit Exo-SC, and debuted as soloist on August 28, 2024, with his first extended play (EP) Black Out. Apart from his group's activities, Chanyeol has also starred in various television dramas and movies such as So I Married an Anti-fan (2016), and Secret Queen Makers (2018).
Saundersfoot
Saundersfoot (Welsh: Llanusyllt; Old Welsh: Llanussyllt) is a large village and community (and former electoral ward) in Pembrokeshire, Wales. It is near Tenby, both being holiday destinations. Saundersfoot lies in the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park and on the Pembrokeshire Coast Path. The village population was recorded as 2,500 (rounded to the nearest 100) in the 2021 census.

Old Welsh
Old Welsh (Welsh: Hen Gymraeg) is the stage of the Welsh language from about 800 AD until the early 12th century when it developed into Middle Welsh. The preceding period, from the time Welsh became distinct from Common Brittonic around 550, has been called "Primitive" or "Archaic Welsh".
Mick Middles
Mick Middles is a British music journalist. He has written for many newspapers and magazines and is the author of many books about music, several relating to Factory Records, Tony Wilson, Joy Division and Ian Curtis, and he is the authorised biographer of Frank Sidebottom.

Tony Wilson
Anthony Howard Wilson (20 February 1950 – 10 August 2007) was a British record label owner, radio and television presenter, nightclub manager and impresario, and a journalist for Granada Television, the BBC and Channel 4.

As a co-founder of the independent label Factory Records and founder-manager of the Haçienda nightclub, Wilson was behind some of Manchester's most successful bands, including Joy Division, New Order, and Happy Mondays. Wilson was known as "Mr Manchester", dubbed as such for his work in promoting the culture of Manchester throughout his career.

Wilson was portrayed by Steve Coogan in Michael Winterbottom's film 24 Hour Party People (2002), and by Craig Parkinson in Anton Corbijn's film Control (2007).
Orion (grape)
Orion is a white wine grape variety of German origin. It was created by Dr. Gerhardt Alleweldt (1927-2005) at the Geilweilerhof Institute for Grape Breeding in Siebeldingen in 1964, by crossing the Vitis vinifera variety Optima with the hybrid grape Villard Blanc. Therefore, Orion is itself a hybrid grape (interspecific crossing) rather than a pure Vitis vinifera.

Orion derives its name from the mythological hunter Orion, which gave the constellation Orion its name. The grape variety is also known under the synonyms Geilweilerhof GA-58-30 and Gf. GA-58-30.

Orion is grown in small quantities in the UK at the Royal Horticultural Society's Wisley Garden, where it is used together with the Phoenix hybrid grape to produce a dry white wine.

RHS Garden Wisley
RHS Garden Wisley is a garden run by the Royal Horticultural Society in Wisley, Surrey, southwest of London. It is one of five gardens run by the society, the others being Harlow Carr, Hyde Hall, Rosemoor, and Bridgewater (which opened on 18 May 2021). Wisley is the second most visited paid entry garden in the United Kingdom after the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, with 1,104,362 visitors in 2024. The gardens are Grade II* listed.
Durfee House
The Durfee House is a historic building that now serves as student housing for Hobart and William Smith Colleges in Geneva, New York. It was originally built downtown as a land speculator's office during the nascence of European settlers in the region. Frederick Augustus de Zeng and his family are supposed to be early owners. Dated to 1787, it is the oldest known extant structure in Geneva and the surrounding area; however, the building was moved to its present location at 639 South Main Street in 1838 and expanded at least once in its history, in the late 1790s and/or in the 1840s. This hinders its historical landmark eligibility, despite the fact that it is considered to be one of the oldest extant frame buildings west of Rome, New York. Owned by Hobart College since 1840, the building is named for mathematician and dean William Pitt Durfee.

Frederick Augustus de Zeng
Baron Frederick Augustus de Zeng (1756 – (1838-04-26)April 26, 1838) was a military officer and businessman.

Frederick Augustus de Zeng was born in 1756 to Friedrich Caspar von Zenge and Johanna Philippina von Ponickau. He was a member of the family line from Hallungen in Thuringia.

As a Hessian mercenary, he served with a British regiment in the Thirteen Colonies during the American Revolution.  He remained after the fighting was over, was naturalized, and pursued various businesses.
The Journal of Finance
The Journal of Finance is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the American Finance Association. It was established in 1946. The editor-in-chief is Antoinette Schoar. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 7.870, ranking it 6th out of 111 journals in the category "Business, Finance" and 16th out of 381 journals in the category "Economics".

Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons. It was formed by the merger of John Wiley & Sons Global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing in 2007.

Wiley-Blackwell is now an imprint that publishes a diverse range of academic and professional fields, including biology, medicine, physical sciences, technology, social science, and the humanities.
Ricardo Santana
Ricardo Santana is a Paralympian athlete from Venezuela competing mainly in category T12 sprint events.

Ricardo has competed and medalled at three Paralympics.  His first was in Sydney in 2000 where having competed in the T13 100m and 400m he picked up a bronze medal in the T13 200m.  In the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens having been reclassified into T12 won a silver medal in the 100m and a bronze in the 200m and was part of the Venezuelan team that finished third in the T11-13 4 × 100 m relay.  His third appearance was in 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing where he failed to win any medals in the T12 100m or 200m but did win a silver as part of the T11-13 4 × 100 m team.

2000 Summer Paralympics
The 2000 Summer Paralympic Games or the XI Summer Paralympics were held in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, between 18 and 29 October. The Sydney Paralympics was the last time that the Summer Paralympics were organised by two different Organizing Committees. In this edition, a record 3,801 athletes from 123 National Paralympic Committees participated in 551 events in 18 sports. The 2000 Summer Paralympics were the second largest sporting event ever until that date held in Australia and in the Southern Hemisphere. Sydney was the eighth city to jointly host the Olympic and Paralympic Games. However, it was only the fourth to jointly organise both events in complete conjunction with the Olympics. This edition was also the first time that the Paralympics were held in Australia and Oceania.
Artie "Blues Boy" White
Artie "Blues Boy" White (April 16, 1937 – April 20, 2013) was an American blues and soul singer and guitarist based in Chicago, who was described as "one of the foremost Chicago practitioners of Southern Soul music".

Southern soul
Southern soul or country soul is a type of soul and country music that emerged from the Southern United States. The music originated from a combination of styles, including blues (both 12 bar and jump), country, early R&B, and a strong gospel influence that emanated from the sounds of Southern black churches. Bass guitar, drums, horn section, organ, and gospel roots vocal are important to soul groove. This rhythmic force made it a strong influence in the rise of funk music. The terms "deep soul", "country soul", "downhome soul" and "hard soul" have been used synonymously with "Southern soul".p. 18
Oleksiy Khomin
Oleksiy Khomin (born 21 August 1990) is a Ukrainian nordic combined skier. He competed in the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2009 in Liberec. He came at the 51st place in the Mass start and 53rd in the Gundersen Normal Distance Race. He has competed in the B World Cup (now called Continental cup) since 2007. He has also competed in three Junior World Championships, but without any great results. Khomin has also competed in the Junior Ski Jumping World Championships.

Liberec
Liberec (Czech pronunciation: [ˈlɪbɛrɛts] ⓘ; German: Reichenberg) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 108,000 inhabitants, making it the fifth largest city in the country. It lies on the Lusatian Neisse River, in a basin surrounded by mountains. The city centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.

Liberec was once home to a thriving textile industry and hence nicknamed the "Manchester of Bohemia". A symbol of the city and the main landmark of the panorama of Liberec is the Ještěd Tower. Since the end of the 19th century, the city has been a conurbation with the suburb of Vratislavice nad Nisou and the neighbouring city of Jablonec nad Nisou.
Gabriel de la Fuente
Gabriel de la Fuente Cortés (28 January 1918 – June 2004) was a Chilean agronomist, farmer and politician.

He served as Deputy for the 20th Departamental Group (Angol, Collipulli, Traiguén, Victoria and Curacautín) in three consecutive terms from 1961 to 1973. He also held municipal office as councilman and later mayor of Angol.

Curacautín
Curacautín, which means "Gathering Stone" in Mapudungun, is a commune and city in the Chilean province of Malleco. Curacautín is located 90 kilometres northeast of Temuco, in a valley near the volcanoes Tolhuaca, Lonquimay and Llaima, all of which can be seen from the city. Historically, it served as a highway of sorts for the Pehuenches that lived on either side of the Andes mountain range.
Oxyathres of Heraclea
Oxyathres (Ancient Greek: Οξυάθρης; died 284 BC) was a son of Dionysius, tyrant of Heraclea and of Amastris, the daughter of the brother of Darius III Codomannus, also called Oxyathres. He succeeded, together with his brother Clearchus, to the sovereignty of Heraclea on the death of Dionysius, 306 BC, but the government was administered by Amastris during the minority of her two sons. Soon after the young men had attained to manhood and taken the direction of affairs into their own hands, they caused their mother to be put to death (284 BC); this act of matricide brought upon them the immediate vengeance of Lysimachus, who made himself master of Heraclea, and put both Clearchus and Oxyathres to death. According to Diodorus, they had reigned seventeen years; their death should be assigned to the year 284 BC.

Diodorus Siculus
Diodorus Siculus or Diodorus of Sicily (Ancient Greek: Διόδωρος, romanized: Diódōros; fl. 1st century BC) was an ancient Greek historian from Sicily. He is known for writing the monumental universal history Bibliotheca historica, in forty books, fifteen of which survive intact, between 60 and 30 BC. 
The history is arranged in three parts. The first covers mythic history up to the destruction of Troy, arranged geographically, describing regions around the world from Egypt, India and Arabia to Europe. The second covers the time from the Trojan War to the death of Alexander the Great. The third covers the period to about 60 BC. Bibliotheca, meaning 'library', acknowledges that he was drawing on the work of many other authors.
Beóán of Mortlach
Beóán of Mortlach is the first of the three known Bishops of Mortlach. His name, which could also be written in non-Gaelic contexts as Beanus, Beoanus and Beyn, means "lively one". Walter Bower, following John of Fordun, says that the bishopric was founded by king Máel Coluim II of Scotland in the seventh year of his reign (1012 AD) as thanks to God for victories over the Scandinavians, and says that "the first bishop was Beyn, a saintly man, worthy of the episcopal office, elevated to this see by the Lord Pope Benedict VIII at the king's request". The Aberdeen Registrum records a charter granted to Bishop Beóán by King Máel Coluim at Forfar, granting the bishop the churches and lands of Clova and the unidentified Dulmech. The Aberdeen Breviary commemorated "Bishop Beóán" (Beyn episcopus) as a saint on 26 October. Another Beóán, perhaps the one mentioned in the Life of St. Cathróe of Metz, was commemorated on 16 December, and the two were often confused.

Bishop of Aberdeen
The Bishop of Aberdeen (originally Bishop of Mortlach, in Latin Murthlacum) was the ecclesiastical head of the Diocese of Aberdeen, one of Scotland's 13 medieval bishoprics, whose first recorded bishop is an early 12th-century cleric named Nechtan. It appears that the episcopal seat had previously been at Mortlach (Mòrthlach), but was moved to Aberdeen during the reign of King David I of Scotland. The names of three bishops of Mortlach are known, the latter two of whom, "Donercius" and "Cormauch" (Cormac), by name only. The Bishop of Aberdeen broke communion with the Catholic Church after the Scottish Reformation.  Following the Revolution of 1688, the office was abolished in the Church of Scotland, but continued in the Scottish Episcopal Church. A Roman Catholic Diocese of Aberdeen was recreated in 1878.
Clarsach Glacier
Clarsach Glacier (69°57′S 70°17′W﻿ / ﻿69.950°S 70.283°W﻿ / -69.950; -70.283) is a glacier flowing south between Prague Spur and the Finlandia Foothills in northern Alexander Island, Antarctica. The feature was photographed from the air by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition, 1947–48, and was mapped from these photographs by D. Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, 1960. Further delineation was made from U.S. Navy aerial photographs taken 1966–67 and from U.S. Landsat imagery taken January 1974. It was so named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee, 1977, due to the resemblance its profile shares with a clàrsach, or Irish harp.

Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition
The Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE) was an aerial survey of the Falkland Islands Dependencies and the Antarctic Peninsula which took place in the 1955–56 and 1956–57 southern summers.

Funded by the Colonial Office and organized by Peter Mott, the survey was carried out by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd.  The expedition was based at Deception Island and utilized the Oluf Sven, two Canso flying-boats, and several helicopters.

The photographic collection, held by the British Antarctic Survey as the United Kingdom Antarctic Mapping Centre, comprises about 12,800 frames taken on 26,700 kilometers of ground track.
Salem Ilese
Salem Ilese Davern (ˈseɪləm ee liː seɪ; born August 19, 1999) is an American singer-songwriter known for her singles "Mad at Disney" and "PS5". She has also co-written songs for artists such as Bella Poarch, Demi Lovato, and Illit. In 2019, she released her debut EP, 757 and in 2023, she released her debut album High Concept.

Illit
Illit (/ˈaɪlɪt/; EYE-lit; Korean: 아일릿; RR: Aillit; stylized in all caps) is a South Korean girl group. It was formed by Belift Lab, a sub-label of Hybe, through the 2023 JTBC survival competition show R U Next?. The group consists of five members – Yunah, Minju, Moka, Wonhee, and Iroha. The group debuted on March 25, 2024, with the extended play (EP) Super Real Me.
Maria Gurova
Maria Aleksandrovna Gurova (Russian: Мария Александровна Гурова; born 16 April 1989) is a Russian retired freestyle wrestler. She competed at the 55 kg division in the 2012 European Wrestling Championships and won the bronze medal in the competition. She won the gold medal at the 2014 European Wrestling Championships after defeating Maria Prevolaraki of Greece. She learns in the Sholokhov Moscow State University for Humanities. 3x World cup runner up.

Sholokhov Moscow State University for Humanities
Sholokhov Moscow State University for Humanities or Moscow State University for Humanities named after M.A. Sholokhov (Russian: Московский государственный гуманитарный университет имени М.А. Шолохова) was founded in 1951 as Moscow Pedagogical Institute for Correspondence Studies (Russian: Московский заочный педагогический институт). Sholokhov Moscow State University for Humanities bears an honorary name of Mikhail Sholokhov - a Russian writer who won the Nobel Prize for literature  in 1965. It has been merged with Moscow State Pedagogical University in 2015.
Takarjala Assembly constituency
Takarjala is one of the 60 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Tripura state in India. It is in Sipahijala district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes. It is also part of West Tripura Lok Sabha constituency.

Tripura Legislative Assembly
The Tripura Legislative Assembly or Tripura Vidhan Sabha is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Tripura, with 60 Members of the Legislative Assembly. The present Assembly is located in Gurkhabasti. Ujjayanta Palace in Agartala served as the previous meeting place. The tenure of the Assembly is five years unless sooner dissolved. The present Assembly is the 13th Legislative Assembly, where the current speaker of the House is Biswa Bandhu Sen since 24 March 2023. On 15 August 1957, a Territorial Council was formed with 30 elected members and two members nominated by the Government of India.
Ministry of Religious Affairs (Somalia)
The Ministry of Religious Affairs is a ministry responsible for monitoring religious affairs in Somalia, including both the national religion and minority religions. The current Minister of Religious Affairs is Mukhtar Robow.

Minority religion
A minority religion is a religion held by a minority of the population of state or which is otherwise politically marginalized. Minority religions may be subject to stigma or discrimination. An example of a stigma is using the term cult with its extremely negative connotations for certain new religious movements. People who belong to a minority religion may be subject to discrimination and prejudice, especially when the religious differences correlate with ethnic differences.

Laws are made in some countries to protect the rights of religious minorities, such as protecting the minorities' culture and to promote harmony with the majority.
Chief of district
Chief of district was a public official in Second Polish Republic with the power to govern the districts. He was a representative of the Council of Ministers, responsible for the implementation of the laws as well as superior to local administration offices.

The function of chief of district existed within the districts of the civil administrations of Poland, that existed between 1919 and 1920, during the Polish–Soviet War. Said administrations were Civil Administration of the Eastern Lands, Civil Administration of the Lands of Volhynia and Podolian Front and Provisional Administration of Front-line and Phase Territories, and districts formed within them were: Brześć, Mińsk, Wilno, Volhynian and Podolian. Later the function had existed within the districts of Poland between 1920 and 1921. Such districts were: Nowogródek, Polesian and Volhynian

Civil Administration of the Lands of Volhynia and Podolian Front
Civil Administration of the Lands of Volhynia and Podolian Front, also known as Commissariat of the Lands of Volhynia and Podolian Front was a civil authority of the territories controlled by Second Polish Republic but not incorporated into the state itself, that was formed during the Polish–Soviet War in 1920. It was formed on 17 January 1920 from the Civil Administration of the Eastern Lands and included Volhynian District and the surrounding area. In the summer of 1920, forces of Russian SFSR had conquered the area. After part of the area was reconquered by Poland, the administration was formally disestablished on 9 September 1920, and replaced by the Provisional Administration of Front-line and Phase Territories.
Man, Economy, and State
Man, Economy, and State: A treatise on economic principles is a 1962 book of Austrian School economics by Murray Rothbard (orig. abridged ed.). It was originally intended as a textbook form of Human Action by Ludwig von Mises, but became its own treatise after he realized original work was needed to flesh out Mises' ideas.

According to Salerno, the book Power and Market: Government and the Economy "was originally written as the third volume of Man, Economy, and State, but was published separately eight years later". It was reunited with the 4th edition of Man, Economy, and State in 2004 in the volume sub-titled "The Scholar's Edition" from the Ludwig von Mises Institute. The author analyzes the negative effects of the various kinds of government intervention, and argues that the State is neither necessary nor useful.

Joseph T. Salerno
Joseph T. Salerno (born 1950) is an American Austrian School economist who is Professor Emeritus of Economics in the Finance and Graduate Economics departments at the Lubin School of Business at Pace University, Academic Vice President of the Ludwig von Mises Institute, and holds the John V. Denson II Endowed Professorship in the economics department at Auburn University. He earned his B.A. at Boston College and his M.A. and Ph.D. at Rutgers University.