hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Quinoline-4-carboxylate 2-oxidoreductase
In enzymology, quinoline-4-carboxylate 2-oxidoreductase (EC 1.3.99.19) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The three substrates of this enzyme are quinoline-4-carboxylic acid, an electron acceptor, and water. Its products are 2-hydroxycinchoninic acid and reduced acceptor.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-CH group of donor with other acceptors.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is quinoline-4-carboxylate:acceptor 2-oxidoreductase (hydroxylating). Other names in common use include quinaldic acid 4-oxidoreductase, and quinoline-4-carboxylate:acceptor 2-oxidoreductase (hydroxylating).

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Combray
Combray (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃bʁɛ] ⓘ) is a commune in the Calvados department in Normandy in north-western France. The commune is part of the area known as Suisse Normande.

Combray is also an imagined village in Marcel Proust's À la recherche du temps perdu (In Search of Lost Time), a book which was strongly inspired by the village of his childhood, Illiers, which has now been renamed Illiers-Combray in his honor. Combray is the title of the first part of the first volume of À la recherche du temps perdu, titled Du côté de chez Swann (Swann's Way).

There is a medieval motte-and-bailey castle.

Calvados (department)
Calvados (UK: /ˈkælvədɒs/, US: /-doʊs, ˌkælvəˈdoʊs, ˌkɑːlvəˈ-/; French: [kalvados] ⓘ) is a department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. It takes its name from a cluster of rocks off the Normandy coast. In 2019, it had a population of 694,905.
A Funeral for Lightning
A Funeral for Lightning is a Canadian short drama film, directed by Emily Kai Bock and released in 2016. The film stars Annie Williams as Mandy, a pregnant woman who is becoming disillusioned with her husband Cornelius's (Daniel Frazier) insistence on living off the grid in rural Tennessee.

The film premiered at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival.

The film was named to TIFF's year-end Canada's Top Ten list for 2016. At the 5th Canadian Screen Awards in 2017, it was a shortlisted nominee for Best Live Action Short Drama.

The name of the work is borrowed from a song title by Doldrums, a Canadian music project which she directed a music video for.

5th Canadian Screen Awards
The 5th annual Canadian Screen Awards were held on March 12, 2017, to honour achievements in Canadian film, television, and digital media production in 2016. Nominations were announced on January 17, 2017.

Awards in many of the technical categories were presented in a series of galas, collectively called Canadian Screen Week, in the days leading up to the main ceremony. At the main ceremony, the film It's Only the End of the World and the television series Orphan Black won the most awards in film and television categories, with six and nine awards, respectively.
Formal equivalence checking
Formal equivalence checking process is a part of electronic design automation (EDA), commonly used during the development of digital integrated circuits, to formally prove that two representations of a circuit design exhibit exactly the same behavior.

Cadence Design Systems
Cadence Design Systems, Inc. (stylized as cādence) is an American multinational technology and computational software company headquartered in San Jose, California.  Initially specialized in electronic design automation (EDA) software for the semiconductor industry, currently the company makes software and hardware for designing products such as integrated circuits, systems on chips (SoCs), printed circuit boards, and pharmaceutical drugs, also licensing intellectual property for the electronics, aerospace, defense and automotive industries.
Darcy friction factor formulae
In fluid dynamics, the Darcy friction factor formulae are equations that allow the calculation of the Darcy friction factor, a dimensionless quantity used in the Darcy–Weisbach equation, for the description of friction losses in pipe flow as well as open-channel flow.

The Darcy friction factor is also known as the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor, resistance coefficient or simply friction factor; by definition it is four times larger than the Fanning friction factor.

Open-channel flow
In fluid mechanics and hydraulics, open-channel flow is a type of liquid flow within a conduit with a free surface, known as a channel. The other type of flow within a conduit is pipe flow. These two types of flow are similar in many ways but differ in one important respect: open-channel flow has a free surface, whereas pipe flow does not, resulting in flow dominated by gravity but not hydraulic pressure.
John McManus
John McManus is the name of:

J. P. McManus (born 1951), Irish businessman and racehorse owner

John C. McManus (born 1965), American military historian and author

John McManus (New Zealand politician) (1875–1950), New Zealand politician, trade unionist and farmer

John McManus (author), American novelist

John McManus (diplomat), former British Ambassador to Guinea

John T. McManus (1904–1961), American journalist and progressive politician

Red McManus (1925–2013), American college basketball coach

Rove McManus (born 1974), Australian television identity

John McManus (author)
John McManus is an American novelist and short story writer. He is the author of a novel, Bitter Milk, and the short story collections Born on a Train, Stop Breakin Down, and Fox Tooth Heart. In recognition of Stop Breakin Down, McManus became the youngest ever recipient of the Whiting Award. In 2019 he received a Literature Award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters.

McManus is a contributing editor for literary publisher Fiddleblack. He teaches creative writing at Old Dominion University and Goddard College.

In 2013, McManus contributed an essay to a limited edition of Clive Barker's novella, Cabal.
Carbonated milk
Carbonated milk or soda milk is a carbonated soft drink. It can be made from powdered milk or fresh milk, and often has added flavor. In addition to modified mouthfeel, carbonated milk also has a longer shelf-life than similarly processed flat milk and a different flavor. It is sold by several companies and is most popular in Asia.

Milkis
Milkis (Korean: 밀키스; RR: Milkiseu) is a South Korean soft drink produced by Lotte Chilsung, a South Korean beverage company.

It combines many of the common elements of traditional carbonated beverages such as sugar and carbonated water with milk to create a creamy taste; its label proclaims "New feeling of soda beverage". As of 2024, U.S.-market Milkis cans state "Korea's No.1 Cream Soda".

Milkis is available in orange, strawberry, mango, melon, banana, peach, apple,  and classic (regular) flavors; the classic flavor is also featured as a glaze in pastries. It is a popular beverage in South Korea, and it is available worldwide.
Sif
In Norse mythology, Sif is a golden-haired goddess associated with earth. Sif is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson, and in the poetry of skalds. In both the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda, she is known for her golden hair and is married to the thunder god Thor.

The Prose Edda recounts that Sif once had her hair shorn by Loki, and that Thor forced Loki to have a golden headpiece made for Sif, resulting in not only Sif's golden tresses but also five other objects for other gods. Sif is also named in the Prose Edda as the mother of Þrúðr (by Thor) and Ullr.

Scholars have proposed that Sif's hair may represent fields of golden wheat, that she may be associated with fertility, family, wedlock and/or that she is connected to rowan, and that there may be an allusion to her role or possibly her name in the Old English poem Beowulf.

Poetic Edda
The Poetic Edda is the modern name for an untitled collection of Old Norse anonymous narrative poems in alliterative verse.  It is distinct from the closely related Prose Edda, although both works are seminal to the study of Old Norse poetry. Several versions of the Poetic Edda exist; especially notable is the medieval Icelandic manuscript Codex Regius, which contains 31 poems.
Verderer
Verderers are forestry officials in England who deal with common land in certain former royal hunting areas which are the property of the Crown. The office was developed in the Middle Ages to administer forest law on behalf of the King. Verderers investigated and recorded minor offences such as the taking of venison and the illegal cutting of woodland, and dealt with the day-to-day forest administration. In the modern era, verderers are still to be found in the New Forest, the Forest of Dean, and Epping Forest, where they serve to protect commoning practices, and conserve the traditional landscape and wildlife.

Common land
Common land  is collective land (sometimes only open to those whose nation governs the land) in which all persons have certain common rights, such as to allow their livestock to graze upon it, to collect wood, or to cut turf for fuel. A person who has a right in, or over, common land jointly with another or others is usually called a commoner.

In Great Britain, common land or former common land is usually referred to as a common; for instance, Clapham Common and Mungrisdale Common. Due to enclosure, the extent of common land is now much reduced from the hundreds of square kilometres that existed until the 17th century, but a considerable amount of common land still exists, particularly in upland areas. There are over 8,000 registered commons in England alone.
Yumbilla Falls
Yumbilla Falls is a waterfall located near the town of Cuispes, in the northern Peruvian region of Amazonas. It is considered the world's fifth tallest waterfall, becoming internationally known since late 2007 due to a geographical survey conducted by the Geographical Institute of Peru (IGN).

Cyathea
Cyathea is a genus of tree ferns, the type genus of the fern order Cyatheales.

The genus name Cyathea is derived from the Greek kyatheion, meaning "little cup", and refers to the cup-shaped sori on the underside of the fronds.
Patapo District
Patapo District is one of twenty districts of the province Chiclayo in Peru.  It is west of the Chongoyape District, east of the Tuman District, north of the Pucala District, and south of the Mesones Muro District.  Patapo District is the sixth largest district in the province of Chiclayo, only below Nueva Arica District, Saña District, Lagunas District, Oyotun District, and Chongoyape District.  The district was founded on January 29, 1998.  The district is home to the Cerro Patapo Ruins, a complex city on a mountainside with artifacts and numerous remnants of walls, staircases, and entrances, and was inhabited by the Wari peoples.

Lagunas District, Alto Amazonas
Lagunas District is one of the six districts of the Alto Amazonas Province, in the Department of Loreto, in Peru. It is bordered by the districts of Alto Pastaza, Pastaza, Jeberos, Santa Cruz, Urarinas and Parinari.

The capital, Lagunas, sits on the Huallaga River. The nearest road access is in Yurimaguas, situated 90 km (56 miles) to the south. To reach Yurimaguas by boat takes at least five hours.
1849 Indiana gubernatorial election
The 1849 Indiana gubernatorial election was held on August 6, 1849.

This was the last election held in August, and the last election for a three-year term, until a new state constitution came into effect in 1851.

Incumbent Democratic Governor James Whitcomb was term-limited, and could not seek a third consecutive term.

Democratic nominee Joseph A. Wright defeated Whig nominee John A. Matson and Free Soil nominee James H. Cravens with 52.27% of the vote.

Following the election, on December 26, 1848, Whitcomb resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate. Lieutenant Governor Paris C. Dunning acted as governor for the remainder of the unexpired term.

James Whitcomb
James Whitcomb (December 1, 1795 – October 4, 1852) was a United States senator and the eighth governor of Indiana. As governor during the Mexican–American War, he oversaw the formation and deployment of the state's levies. He led the movement to replace the state constitution and played an important role at the convention to institute a law that prevented the government from taking loans in response the current fiscal crisis in Indiana. By skillfully guiding the state through its bankruptcy, Whitcomb is usually credited as being one of the most successful of Indiana's governors. He was elected to the United States Senate after his term as governor but died of kidney disease only three years later.
St Albans Market
St Albans Market is an outdoor street market in the cathedral city and market town of St Albans. The market runs from Market Place North-East up St Peter's Street to the junction with Catherine Street—for a length of 485 metres (1,591 ft)—and is managed by St Albans City & District Council.

Following the closure of Canterbury Market in 2022, St Albans is England’s second oldest market after York’s Shambles Market as well as the oldest English street market and the oldest market in England that is still held on its original site. In 2024 St Albans Market was awarded the title Best Large Outdoor Market by the National Association of British Market Authorities.

Street market
A street market or open-air market is a market that is set up on certain days of the week, generally on the street in open-air places; they are usually located in public places or ceded by the town council of the locality such as squares, avenues, parking lots, etc. However, it can traditionally be set up in a market square or in a market town such as Camden Town.

This type of marketplace, has very different forms around the world, given the great variability of facilities and products offered. According to the 2015 yearbook of La Caixa, in Spain there were officially registered 17,999 street markets.
Hangaroa River
The Hangaroa River is a river in the Gisborne Region of New Zealand. Its source is the Huiarau Ranges in the Te Urewera National Park, and flows southeast to merge with the Ruakituri River near Te Reinga. The combined rivers form the Wairoa River, which flows south into Hawke Bay.

Te Urewera National Park
Te Urewera National Park was a  national park near the east coast of New Zealand's North Island, established as such in 1954 and disestablished in 2014, when it was replaced by a new legal entity and protected area named Te Urewera. The park covered an area of approximately 2,127 km2 and was located in the north of the Hawke's Bay region of the North Island. It was the largest of four national parks in the North Island and the most isolated rainforest in the region.
Phyllonorycter medicaginella
Phyllonorycter medicaginella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found from Denmark and Poland to Belgium, the Alps, Bulgaria and Ukraine.

The larvae feed on Medicago falcata, Medicago lupulina, Medicago sativa, Melilotus alba, Melilotus officinalis, Ononis spinosa, Trifolium dubium, Trifolium campestre and Trifolium repens. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Medicago falcata
Medicago falcata is a plant species of the genus Medicago. It is native to much of Europe and Asia, but is found throughout the world. It forms a symbiotic relationship with the bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti, which is capable of nitrogen fixation. Its common names include yellow lucerne, sickle alfalfa, yellow-flowered alfalfa, yellow alfalfa, sickle medick and yellow medick.
Prostitution in Eswatini
Prostitution in Eswatini is illegal, the anti-prostitution laws dating back to 1889, when the country Eswatini was a protectorate of South Africa. Law enforcement is  inconsistent, particularly near industrial sites and military bases. Police tend to turn a blind eye to prostitution in clubs. There are periodic clamp-downs by the police.

Senator Thuli Mswane and NGOs Eswatini AIDS Support Organisation (SASO), Sex Workers Education and Advocacy Taskforce (SWEAT) and Mpumalanga Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) have recommended that prostitution be legalised in Eswatini, in order to allow it to be regulated to reduce harm to the prostitutes and limit the spread of HIV.

Sex trafficking, child prostitution and HIV are problems in the country.

Sex Workers Education and Advocacy Taskforce
Sex Workers Education and Advocacy Taskforce (SWEAT) is a South African sex workers' rights organization. It is the first such organization to be established in Southern Africa, and is renowned as the most prominent sex worker movement on the continent, according to scholars.

SWEAT's work primarily focuses on organizing, advocating for and delivering services to South African sex workers. The organization supports the decriminalization of sex work. SWEAT are affiliated with the transgender sex worker support group SistaazHood.
Wrye
Wrye is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bill Wrye (born 1944), Canadian politician

Donald Wrye (1934–2015), American director, screenwriter, and producer

Leo Wrye Zimmerman (1924–2008), American abstract artist

Bill Wrye
William Munro Wrye (born December 25, 1944) is a former Canadian politician in Ontario, Canada.  He served in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Liberal from 1981 to 1990, and was a cabinet minister in the government of David Peterson.
Jealous (Eyedress song)
"Jealous" is a song by Filipino musician Eyedress, released on 6 December 2019 as a single from his album Let's Skip to the Wedding (2020). It first charted at number twenty four on the Billboard Hot Rock & Alternative Songs and number twenty three on the Billboard Hot Alternative Songs charts on the week of 20 February 2021, climbing to number fifteen on both charts the following week, and remaining in the Hot Rock & Alternative Songs chart for 20 weeks. on 4 February 2026 received multi-platinum certification from the RIAA for selling 4,000,000 equivalent units in the United States. By 23 January 2025 "Jealous" had been streamed over 1 billion times on Spotify.

Album-equivalent unit
The album-equivalent unit, or album equivalent, often shortened to just unit, is a sales metric in the music industry that defines the number of songs streamed and songs downloaded equal to one album sale. The album-equivalent unit was introduced in the mid-2010s as an answer to the drop of album sales in the 21st century. Album sales more than halved from 1999 to 2009, declining from a $14.6 to $6.3 billion industry, partly due to cheap digitally downloaded singles. For instance, the only albums that went platinum in the United States in 2014 were the Frozen soundtrack and Taylor Swift's 1989, whereas several albums had gone platinum in 2013.

The use of album-equivalent units transformed the music charts from a ranking of best-selling albums into a ranking of most popular albums. The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) have used album-equivalent unit to measure their Global Recording Artist of the Year since 2013.
Parthenay station
The Gare de Parthenay is a former railway station – now closed to passengers except as a bus station – in the town of Parthenay, in the department of Deux-Sèvres, western France. It was formerly a junction on the Chemins de Fer de l'État main line from Paris (via Thouars and Parthenay) to Niort and Bordeaux, with branch lines running to Poitiers and Bressuire. However, only the lines to Niort and Thouars survive, today carrying no more than the occasional freight train.

The station is currently served by a long-distance bus service from Nantes to Poitiers that forms part of the SNCF's TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine network, and by inter-urban buses of the Réseau routier des Deux-Sèvres connecting Parthenay to Niort, Bressuire, Thouars, and other local towns and villages. The station buildings remain open, and contain separate booking offices for SNCF and Réseau des Deux-Sèvres bus services.

Bressuire
Bressuire (French pronunciation: [bʁɛsɥiʁ]; Latin: Berceorium; Poitevin: Beurseure) is a commune in the French department of Deux-Sèvres, region of  Nouvelle-Aquitaine. The town is situated on an eminence overlooking the Dolo, a tributary of the Argenton.
Nalasa
Nalasa (Tatar: Наласа, romanized: Nalasa) is a rural locality (a selo) in Arça District, Tatarstan. The population was 698 as of 2010.
Nalasa is located 9 km from Arça, district's administrative centre, and 73 km from Ԛazаn, republic's capital, by road.
The earliest known record of the settlement dates from 1678.
There are 5 streets in the village.

Arsk
Arsk (Russian: Арск, IPA: [ˈarsk]; Tatar: Арча) is a town and the administrative center of Arsky District in Tatarstan, Russia, located on the Kazanka River, 65 kilometers (40 mi) from the republic's capital of Kazan. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 18,114.
Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation
The Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT) was an urban transit holding company, based in Brooklyn, New York City, United States, and incorporated in 1923. The system was sold to the city in 1940. Today, together with the IND subway system, it forms the B Division of the modern New York City Subway.

The original BMT routes form the J/Z, L, M, N, Q, R and W trains, as well as the Franklin Avenue Shuttle, with the IND B and D using BMT trackage in Brooklyn. The M train enters the IND via the Chrystie Street Connection after crossing the Williamsburg Bridge. The Q, along with some rush-hour N trains enter the IND from the BMT 63rd Street Line. The R train enters the IND via the 60th Street Tunnel Connection.

The Z train supplements the J in the peak direction during rush hours only. Prior to city ownership, the BMT services were designed with numbers, and the current letter scheme was developed as a continuation of the IND nomenclature as the IND and BMT systems were integrated.

Shore Line Trolley Museum
The Shore Line Trolley Museum is a trolley museum located in East Haven, Connecticut. Incorporated in 1945, it is the oldest continuously operating trolley museum in the United States. The museum includes exhibits on trolley history in the visitors' center and offers rides on restored trolleys along its 1.5 mi (2.4 km) track as the Branford Electric Railway. In addition to trolleys, the museum also operates restored subway cars, a small number of both trolleybuses and conventional buses.

The museum encompasses the Branford Electric Railway Historic District, which was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
Data modeling
Data modeling in software engineering is the process of creating a data model for an information system by applying certain formal techniques. It may be applied as part of broader Model-driven engineering (MDE) concept.

Business process modeling
Business process modeling (BPM) is the action of modeling processes of an enterprise. BPM is used to analyze, improve, and possibly automate business processes. BPM is typically performed by business analysts in collaboration with subject matter experts. It is primarily used in business process management, software development, and systems engineering. BPM can also be automatically generated through IT systems, such as event logs and other data.

BPM has many applications in business process management. There are multiple methods of modeling and notations that are recommended, BPMN being the most common.