hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1873–74 Colombian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in the United States of Colombia in 1873 and 1874. The electors were elected in 1873 and elected the president the following year. The result was a victory for Santiago Pérez de Manosalbas of the Liberal Party.

Santiago Pérez de Manosalbas
Santiago Pérez de Manosalbas (March 23, 1830 – August 5, 1900), was a Colombian educator, lawyer, diplomat, writer, journalist, and statesman who was President  of the United States of Colombia between 1874 and 1876.
Alter Druyanov
Alter Druyanov (Hebrew: אלתר דרויאנוב) (July 6, 1870 – May 10, 1938)  was a Russian Jewish writer, editor, translator, folklorist, journalist, historian of early Zionism, and Zionist activist. His pen name derived from his birthplace, Druya, was variously transliterated as  Druyanow, Drujanow, etc.) He wrote both in Yiddish and Hebrew languages.

Alter Druyanov was born in Druya (in Vilna Governorate, Russian Empire, now in Belarus) to a wealthy family of a Chasidic rabbi and merchant Eliakim Pesach (Hetzel Yankelevich).

Vilna Governorate
The Vilna Governorate was a province (guberniya) of the Northwestern Krai of the Russian Empire that existed from 1795 to 1918. Established after the Third Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, it encompassed territories of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania and was one of the administrative divisions created by the Russian Empire to replace the institutions of the dissolved Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

In 1897, the governorate covered an area of 41,907.9 square kilometres (16,180.7 mi2) and had a population of 1,591,207 inhabitants. It bordered the following governorates: Minsk to the south, Grodno to the southwest, Suwałki to the west, Kovno and Courland to the north, and Vitebsk to the east. Its capital, Vilnius, also served as the seat of the Vilna Governorate-General, which existed until 1912.
Vladimir Kolebin
Vladimir Alekseevich Kolebin (Russian: Владимир Алексеевич Колебин; born 1957), known as The Rybinsky Maniac (Russian: Рыбинский маньяк), is a Russian serial killer who committed six murders in the village of Rybnoye, Krasnoyarsk Krai, from 1999 to 2014. Arrested after his final murder, he would later be convicted and sentenced to 19 years imprisonment.

Krasnoyarsk Krai
Krasnoyarsk Krai is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia located in Siberia. Its administrative center is the city of Krasnoyarsk, the second-largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk. Comprising half of the Siberian Federal District, Krasnoyarsk Krai is the largest krai in Russia, the second-largest federal subject in the country after neighboring Sakha, and the third-largest country subdivision by area in the world. The krai covers an area of 2,366,797 square kilometers (913,825 sq mi), constituting roughly 13% of Russia's total area. Krasnoyarsk Krai has a population of 2,856,971 as of the 2021 census.
Sanjaranda
Sanjaranda is an administrative ward in the Manyoni District of the Singida Region of Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 9,687 people in the ward, from 8,828 in 2012.

Singida Region
Singida Region (Mkoa wa Singida in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. It covers a land area of 49,340 km2 (19,050 sq mi), comparable in size to the nation of Slovakia. The region is bordered to the north by Shinyanga Region, Simiyu Region and Arusha Region, to the northeast by Manyara Region, to the east by Dodoma Region, to the southeast by Iringa Region, to the southwest by Mbeya Region and to the west by Tabora Region. The regional capital is the municipality of Singida. 
According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 2,008,058.
Scaffold (programming)
Scaffolding, as used in computing, refers to one of two techniques:

Code generation

It is a technique related to database access in some model–view–controller frameworks.

Project generation

It is a technique supported by various programming tools.

Computing
Computing is any goal-oriented activity that requires, benefits from, or creates computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes, and the development of both hardware and software. Computing encompasses scientific, engineering, mathematical, technological, and social aspects. Major computing disciplines include computer engineering, computer science, cybersecurity, data science, information systems, information technology, and software engineering.

The term computing is also synonymous with counting and calculating. In earlier times, it was used in reference to the action performed by mechanical computing machines, and before that, to human computers.
Saverio Bettinelli
Saverio Bettinelli S.J. (18 July 1718 – 13 September 1808) was an Italian Jesuit priest and writer. He became known as a polymath, dramatist, polemicist, poet, and literary critic. He was a friend of some of the leading authors of his times: Voltaire, Francesco Algarotti, Vincenzo Monti and Ippolito Pindemonte. Théodore Tronchin, Guillaume du Tillot, Melchiorre Cesarotti, Giacomo Filippo Durazzo, Pietro Verri, Giammaria Mazzucchelli and Francesco Maria Zanotti were among his correspondents.

Guillaume du Tillot
Léon Guillaume (du) Tillot (22 May 1711 in Bayonne – 13 December 1774 in Paris) was a French politician infused with liberal ideals of the Enlightenment, who from 1759 was the minister of the Duchy of Parma under Philip, Duke of Parma and his wife Princess Louise-Élisabeth of France. At a time when both Bourbon France and Bourbon Spain thought of Parma as a strategic point of interest, Tillot favoured French policies abroad and wide-ranging reforms within the Duchy of Parma. He was made marchese di Felino.

Tillot's career was of his own making. The son of a valet de chambre, he studied at the Collège des Quatre-Nations in Paris, then went to the court of Charles III of Spain; after Charles' departure to be King of Sicily, Tillot was attached to the household of Philippe de Bourbon, whose private secretary and treasurer he became. He organised fêtes for Philippe at Chambéry and elsewhere.
Damma Glacier
The Damma Glacier (German: Dammagletscher) is a small glacier situated in the central Swiss Alps. It has been in retreat since around 1850. The area between the front of the retreating glacier and the moraine from the most recent glacier recession – called the glacial forefield – measures 10.7 square kilometres (4.1 sq mi) and is composed of granitic rocks.

Moraine
A moraine is any accumulation of unconsolidated debris (regolith and rock), sometimes referred to as glacial till, that occurs in both currently and formerly glaciated regions, and that has been previously carried along by a glacier or ice sheet. It may consist of partly rounded particles ranging in size from boulders (in which case it is often referred to as boulder clay) down to gravel and sand, in a groundmass of finely divided clayey material sometimes called glacial flour. Lateral moraines are those formed at the side of the ice flow, and terminal moraines are those formed at the foot, marking the maximum advance of the glacier. Other types of moraine include ground moraines (till-covered areas forming sheets on flat or irregular topography) and medial moraines (moraines formed where two glaciers meet).
Archa Darugha
The Archa Darugha (Tatar: Арча даругасы) was a subdivision of the Kazan Khanate and the Kazan Uyezd in 16th–18th centuries. The center was the town of Archa. Its territory covered the basins of the  Kazanka, Noqsa, Kinderle, Shapshe, Yamashirma, Norma, Kesmas, Qırlay, Kultas, Sarapul, Vyatka, Shushma, Sarda etc. rivers. For the most part, the possessions of Prikaz of Kazan Palace, monasteries and Serving Tatars were placed there in the 16th–18th centuries.

Kazansky Uyezd
Kazansky Uyezd (Каза́нский уе́зд) was one of the subdivisions of the Kazan Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Kazan.
Shane Campbell-Staton
Shane C. Campbell-Staton is an American evolutionary biologist. Since July 2021, he has been an assistant professor in the ecology and evolutionary biology department at Princeton, where he leads a research group. His work is on how phenotypes respond to human activity that affects the environment. He also hosts the podcast 'Biology of Superheroes' together with Arien Darby.

Ecology and evolutionary biology
Ecology and evolutionary biology is an interdisciplinary field of study concerning interactions between organisms and their ever-changing environment, including perspectives from both evolutionary biology and ecology. This field of study includes topics such as the way organisms respond and evolve, as well as the relationships among animals, plants, and micro-organisms, when their habitats change. Ecology and evolutionary biology is a broad field of study that covers various ranges of ages and scales, which can also help us to comprehend human impacts on the global ecosystem and find measures to achieve more sustainable development.
Marys Home, Missouri
Marys Home is an unincorporated community in northern Miller County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The community is on Missouri Route H, approximately two miles north of the Osage River. The town of Eugene in the southwest corner of Cole County is about four miles to the northwest, by Route H and Missouri Route 17.

Missouri supplemental route
A supplemental route is a state secondary road in the U.S. state of Missouri, designated with letters. Supplemental routes were various roads within the state which the Missouri Department of Transportation was given in 1952 to maintain in addition to the regular routes, though lettered routes had been in use from at least 1932. The four types of roads designated as Routes are:

Farm to market roads

Roads to state parks

Former alignments of U.S. or state highways

Short routes connecting state highways from other states to routes in Missouri

Supplemental routes make up 19,064 miles (30,681 km) (59%) of the state highway system.
Rice Strait
Rice Strait is a narrow waterway between Ellesmere Island's eastern coast and Pim Island in northern Canada's territory of Nunavut. It connects Rosse Bay on the south with Buchanan Bay to the north.

The strait is named after Sergeant George W. Rice (born 29 June 1855 in Baddeck, Nova Scotia), the photographer on Adolphus Greely's ill-fated Lady Franklin Bay Expedition, and a correspondent with the New York Herald. He was the only Canadian on this United States Army Signal Corps sponsored expedition to the Arctic.  Rice died on 9 April 1884, before the expedition's rescue.

Buchanan Bay
Buchanan Bay is an Arctic waterway in Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is located in Nares Strait by eastern Ellesmere Island. The bay is bordered by Cape Camperdown on Bache Peninsula to the north, Cape Rutherford on Johan Peninsula to the south, and the Alexandra Fiord at its head.

It is 64 km (40 mi) long, and up to 32 km (20 mi) wide.
Leesburg High School (Leesburg, Florida)
Leesburg High School is a public high school located in Leesburg, Florida, United States, and is one of seven public high schools in Lake County, Florida. The school is made up of approximately 1,500 students. The current principal is Andrea Pyatt.

Lake County, Florida
Lake County is a county in the central portion of the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 383,956. Its county seat is Tavares, and its largest city is Clermont. Lake County is included in the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Helcystogramma arotraeum
Helcystogramma arotraeum is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1894. It is known from Japan, Taiwan, China (Hainan, Jiangxi, Yunnan), Myanmar, Thailand, northeastern India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and Indonesia.

The wingspan is 11–14 mm. The forewings are pale whitish ochreous, all veins suffusedly margined with dark fuscous and with a round black dot in the disc at two-fifths, a second nearly beneath it on the fold, and a third in disc at three-fifths. There is a small suffused blackish apical spot. The hindwings are pale grey.

The larvae feed on the rice plant Oryza sativa and Manchurian wild rice (Zizania latifolia).

Wild rice
Wild rice, also called manoomin, mnomen, psíŋ, Canada rice, Indian rice, or water oats, is any of four species of grasses that form the genus Zizania, and the grain that can be harvested from them. The grain was historically and is still gathered and eaten in North America and, to a lesser extent, China, where the plant's stem is used as a vegetable.

Wild rice and domesticated rice (Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima), are in the same botanical tribe Oryzeae. Wild-rice grains have a chewy outer sheath with a tender inner grain that has a slightly vegetal taste.

The plants grow in shallow water in small lakes and slow-flowing streams; often, only the flowering head of wild rice rises above the water. The grain is eaten by dabbling ducks and other aquatic wildlife.
Alexander Yukseyev
Alexander Yukseyev (born 5 March 1988) is a Russian professional ice hockey defenceman. He is currently playing within the SKA Saint Petersburg organization of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

Yukseyev made his Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) debut playing with Avangard Omsk during the 2008–09 KHL season.

Avangard Omsk
Hockey Club Avangard (Russian: ХК Авангард, Vanguard), also known as Avangard Omsk, is a professional ice hockey club based in Omsk, Russia. It is a member of the Chernyshev Division in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).
Chevrolet 2300 engine
The Chevrolet 2300 is a 2.3-liter straight-four engine produced by the Chevrolet division of General Motors for the 1971 to 1977 model years of the Chevrolet Vega and Chevrolet Monza. This engine was also offered in the 1973–74 Pontiac Astre (Canada only), the 1975–77 Pontiac Astre (United States and Canada), the Pontiac Sunbird for 1976 only, and the Oldsmobile Starfire for 1976–77.

Massena, New York
Massena is a town in St. Lawrence County, New York, United States. Massena is along the county's northern border, just south of the St. Lawrence River and the Three Nations Crossing of the Canada–United States border. The population was 12,433 at the 2020 census. The town of Massena contains a village also named Massena.
Hans Georg Borst
Hans Georg Borst (17 October 1927 – 8 September 2022) was a German cardiothoracic surgeon and professor at Hannover Medical School (MHH). Borst is best known for introducing the aortic elephant trunk technique and for establishing heart and lung transplantation programs at MHH in 1980s.

Hannover Medical School
The Hannover Medical School (German: Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, abbreviated to MHH) was founded as Germany's first independent medical university. Located in Hanover, it is a maximum care hospital with a supra-regional catchment area, a university offering courses in medicine and dentistry as well as numerous other subjects. It is also a research institution focusing on infection and immunity, transplantation and regeneration, biomedical engineering and implants.
Androsace mathildae
Androsace mathildae is an alpine cushion plant in the family Primulaceae, endemic to the Abruzzo Apennines in Italy.  This species is included in Appendix I of the Berne Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, in Annex II and IV Habitats Directive 92/43 CEE, and is protected under Regional Law n. 45/79 of the Abruzzo Italian Region.

Primulaceae
The Primulaceae (/ˌprɪmjəˈleɪʃi.iː/ PRIM-yə-LAY-shee-ee), commonly known as the primrose family (but not related to the evening primrose family), are a family of herbaceous and woody flowering plants including some favourite garden plants and wildflowers. Most are perennial though some species, such as scarlet pimpernel, are annuals.

Previously one of three families in the order Primulales, it underwent considerable generic re-alignment once molecular phylogenetic methods were used for taxonomic classification. The order was then submerged in a much enlarged order Ericales and became a greatly enlarged Primulaceae sensu lato (s.l). In this new classification of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, each of the Primulales families was reduced to the rank of subfamily of Primulaceae s.l. The original Primulaceae (Primulaceae sensu stricto or s.s.) then became subfamily Primuloideae, and one genus (Maesa) was raised to the rank of a separate subfamily, making four in all.
MS Tala
MS Tala (Arabic: مركز شباب تلا), also known as Tala Youth Center, or simply Tala YC, is an Egyptian sports club based in Tala, El Monufia, Egypt. The club is mainly known for its football team, which currently plays in the Egyptian Third Division, the third-highest league in the Egyptian football league system.

The club became popular after reaching the round of 32 of the 2013 Egypt Cup, where they played against defending champions ENPPI and lost 1–0.

The club was promoted to the Egyptian Second Division for the first time in their history during the 2013–14 season of the Egyptian Third Division, but failed to stay in the Second Division for more than one season and were relegated to the Third Division. Five years later, the club was promoted to the Egyptian Second Division for the second time after securing 2017–18 Egyptian Third Division Group G promotion spot by defeating Mega Sport 3–2.

Tala, Egypt
Tala (Arabic: تلا) is located in the Nile Delta region of traditionally agricultural northern Monufia Governorate, Egypt. Tala is surrounded by greenery, with fields of crops and palm trees across its landscape, typical of the Nile Delta.

The town is characterized by a close-knit community where families have lived for generations. Tala's heritage follows rural Egyptian culture in its food, architecture, and local customs. Alongside its rural atmosphere, Tala has a marketplace where local people  trade fresh produce, handmade crafts, and other goods, reflecting the communal lifestyle of the Delta region.
Math walk
A math walk, or math trail, is a type of themed walk in the US, where direct experience is translated into the language of mathematics or abstract mathematical sciences such as information science, computer science, decision science, or probability and statistics. Some sources specify how to create a math walk whereas others define a math walk at a specific location such as a junior high school or in Boston. The journal The Mathematics Teacher includes a special section titled "Mathematical Lens" in many issues with the metaphor of lens capturing seeing the world as mathematics.

National Council of Teachers of Mathematics
Founded in 1920, The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) is a professional organization for schoolteachers of mathematics in the United States. One of its goals is to improve the standards of mathematics in education. NCTM holds annual national and regional conferences for teachers and publishes five journals.
Acoustic Live (Erasure album)
Acoustic Live is a live album released by English synth-pop duo Erasure in 2006. It is a double-CD set that is a recording of a concert appearance performed on 19 April 2006 at the Shepherd's Bush Empire in London. This concert was an acoustic performance to promote the band's 2006 album Union Street. It was recorded and distributed in conjunction with Live Here Now and was available only through direct order from Mute Records and as a digital download via Live Here Now. Because of this limited availability, the album was ineligible for the UK Albums Chart.

The album cover art for Acoustic Live is identical to that of Union Street, except for the title written across the center.

Shepherd's Bush Empire
The Shepherd's Bush Empire (currently known as O2 Shepherd's Bush Empire for sponsorship reasons, and formerly known as the BBC Television Theatre) is a music venue in Shepherd's Bush, West London, run by the Academy Music Group. It was originally built in 1903 as a music hall for impresario Oswald Stoll, designed by theatre architect Frank Matcham; among its early performers was Charlie Chaplin.  In 1953 it became the BBC Television Theatre. Since 1994, it has operated as a music venue. It is a Grade II listed building.
Little Arkansaw, Arkansas
Little Arkansaw (also known as Jennings) is an unincorporated community in Boone County, Arkansas, United States. Little Arkansaw is located on Arkansas Highway 392 near its junction with U.S. Route 62 and U.S. Route 412, 3.1 miles (5.0 km) east of Alpena.

Alpena, Arkansas
Alpena /ælˈpiːnə/ is a town in Boone and Carroll counties in the U.S. state of Arkansas. The population was 374 at the 2020 census.

The Boone County portion of Alpena is part of the Harrison Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Duane Ilstrup
Duane M. Ilstrup (born July 1, 1946) is an American medical statistician and the highly cited author or co-author of over 500 scientific articles. He worked at the Mayo Clinic from 1970 until 2003, and also became an associate professor of biostatistics at Mayo Medical School.

Ilstrup was born in Buffalo, Minnesota. He obtained a B.A. in mathematics and physics from Augsburg College in 1968 and a master's degree in biometry from the University of Minnesota in 1970.

Augsburg University
Augsburg University is a private university in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. It is affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. It was founded in 1869 as a Norwegian-American Lutheran seminary known as Augsburg Seminarium. Today, the university enrolls approximately 2,400 undergraduate and 700 graduate students.
2024 Engie Open Florianópolis
The 2024 ENGIE Open Florianópolis was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the third (men) and 1st (women) editions of the tournament, which were part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2024 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Florianópolis, Brazil, between 1 and 7 April 2024.

Florianópolis Challenger
The Engie Open is a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour. It is held in Florianópolis, Brazil. It was also part of the ITF Women's World Tennis Tour in 2024.
Azooma
Azooma (Korean: 공정사회) is a 2012 South Korean crime thriller film starring Jang Young-nam in her first leading role as a mother seeking justice for the rape of her ten-year-old daughter. It made its world premiere at the 2012 Busan International Film Festival, and was released in theaters on April 18, 2013. The film has since received recognition in the international film festival circuit.

Written and directed by Lee Ji-seung, the movie's English title is a transliteration of the Korean term "ajumma" (아줌마), a form of address used for married (or simply older) women that has complex connotations and by which Jang's character is always called. The film's Korean title means A Fair Society.

Ajumma
Ajumma (Korean: 아줌마), sometimes spelled ahjumma or ajoomma, is a Korean word for a married, or middle-aged woman. It comes from the Korean word ajumeoni (Korean: 아주머니). Although it is sometimes translated "aunt", it does not actually refer to a close family relationship. It is most often used to refer to a middle-aged or older woman since referring to an elder by name without a title in Korea is not socially acceptable.

'Ajumma' is a less polite term than 'ajumeoni', which means the same thing but is more respectful. In circumstances where the addressed person is not considerably older than the speaker, or is socially higher than the speaker, it is highly likely that the addressee will be offended when called ajumma. Therefore it is better to use 'ajumeoni', 'eomonim' (a respectful term for someone else's mother), or 'samonim'.