hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Laryngomalacia
Laryngomalacia (literally, "soft larynx") is the most common cause of chronic stridor in infancy, in which the soft, immature cartilage of the upper larynx collapses inward during inhalation, causing obstruction of the airways.  It can also be seen in older patients, especially those with neuromuscular conditions resulting in weakness of the muscles of the throat. However, the infantile form is much more common. Laryngomalacia is one of the most common laryngeal congenital diseases in infancy and public education about the signs and symptoms of the disease is lacking.

Airway obstruction
Airway obstruction is a blockage of respiration in the airway that hinders the free flow of air. Airway obstructions can occur either in the upper airway or lower airway. The upper airway consists of the nose, throat, and larynx. The lower airway comprises the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.

Airway obstruction is a life-threatening condition and requires urgent attention.
Minicon
Minicon is a science fiction and fantasy convention in Minneapolis usually held on Easter weekend. Started in 1968 and running approximately annually since then, it is one of the oldest science fiction conventions in the midwest United States. It is run by the Minnesota Science Fiction Society, a non-profit organization that is "dedicated to furthering the appreciation of science fiction and fantasy literature".

Minicon has had many guests of honor over the years, including Gordon R. Dickson, Poul Anderson, Clifford D. Simak, Lester del Rey, Frederik Pohl, Octavia E. Butler, Harlan Ellison, Larry Niven, and Terry Pratchett.

Minicon should not be confused with MinnCon, a dark fantasy/horror convention founded in 1971 by fans living in St. Paul, Minnesota. MinnCon changed its name to Arcana in 1988 to avoid confusion but many area fans still refer to the convention by its older name. The term "minicon" is often used informally in science fiction circles for any small convention.

Poul Anderson
Poul William Anderson (/ˈpoʊəl/ POH-əl; November 25, 1926 – July 31, 2001) was an American fantasy and science fiction author who was active from the 1940s until his death in 2001. Anderson also wrote historical novels. He won the Hugo Award seven times and the Nebula Award three times, and was nominated many more times for awards.
Chandidas Mal
Chandidas Mal (7 October 1929 – 8 December 2021) was an Indian musician perhaps best known for his rendition of Puratani Bangla Gaan (Bengali Sons of Olden times), Tappa, Shyamasangeet (Devotional Songs for Goddess Kali) and Agamani (Devotional Songs for Goddess Durga).

Shyama Sangeet
Shyama Sangeet (Bengali: শ্যামা সঙ্গীত) is a genre of Bengali devotional songs dedicated to the Hindu goddess Shyama or Kali which is a form of supreme universal mother-goddess Durga or parvati. It is also known as Shaktagiti or Durgastuti.

Shyama Sangeet appeals to the common man because it is a musical representation of the relationship of eternal and sublime love and care between the mother and her child. It is free of the common rituals of worship and also the esoteric practice of the Tantra.
Civil Aviation Committee (Armenia)
The Civil Aviation Committee (Armenian: Քաղաքացիական ավիացիայի կոմիտե) is an agency of the Ministry of Territorial Administration and Infrastructure օf Armenia. Its head office is on the property of Zvartnots International Airport in Zvartnots, near Yerevan.

Erebuni Airport
Erebuni Airport (Armenian: Էրեբունի օդանավակայան) (ICAO: UDYE) is a military airport serving Yerevan and the country of Armenia. It is located 7.3 kilometres (4.5 mi) south of the center of Yerevan. At present, the airport is mostly operated by the military and is host to the Russian 3624th Air Base and hosts a squadron of MiG-29s and Mi-24 attack helicopters. Private firms do on occasion operate chartered helicopter flights inside the country and to the CIS. The airport is also home to a single Diamond DA40 aircraft used by the local flying school.
Gliniszcze Wielkie
Gliniszcze Wielkie [ɡliˈniʂt͡ʂɛ ˈvjɛlkʲɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sokółka, within Sokółka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Belarus.

Gmina Sokółka
Gmina Sokółka is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Sokółka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus. Its seat is the town of Sokółka, which lies approximately 39 kilometres (24 mi) north-east of the regional capital Białystok.

The gmina covers an area of 313.62 square kilometres (121.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 26,406 (out of which the population of Sokółka amounts to 18,888, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 7,518).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Knyszyń Forest Landscape Park.
Terminalia australis
Terminalia australis is a South American species of large shrub or tree, which reaches up to 12 m in height and 40 cm in diameter. It inhabits the basins of the Paraná River and the Uruguay River around the Argentine Mesopotamia, Paraguay and Uruguay, and part of the Río de la Plata.

The common names of this tree, in Spanish, include the adjective amarillo ("yellow") due to the yellow-ochre colour of its wood: amarillo, palo amarillo, amarillo del río, etc.

This species is found in the gallery forest along the shores of large rivers in the north-east of Argentina and the neighbouring countries. Its wood is finely textured, homogeneous, and moderately heavy (relative density = 0.65). It is used for ornamental and precision works, such as chess pieces, rulers, buttons, etc.

Ruler
A ruler is an instrument used to make length measurements, whereby a length is read from a series of markings called "rules" along an edge of the device. Alternatively, it is called a rule, scale, line gauge, or metre/meter stick. Usually, the instrument is rigid and the edge itself is a straightedge ("ruled straightedge"), which additionally allows one to draw straighter lines. Rulers are an important tool  in geometry, geography and mathematics. They have been used since at least 2650 BC.
PEG-16 macadamia glycerides
PEG-16 macadamia glycerides is the polyethylene glycol derivative of the mono- and diglycerides derived from macadamia nut oil by ethoxylation with an average of ethylene glycol units.  PEG-16 macadamia glycerides are commonly used in cosmetic formulations as an emollient, refatter, conditioner, solubilizer, and secondary emulsifier.

Polyethylene glycol
Polyethylene glycol (PEG; /ˌpɒliˈɛθəlˌiːn ˈɡlaɪˌkɒl, -ˈɛθɪl-, -ˌkɔːl/) is a polyether compound derived from petroleum with many applications, from industrial manufacturing to medicine. PEG is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight. The structure of PEG is commonly expressed as H−(O−CH2−CH2)n−OH.

PEG is commonly incorporated into hydrogels which present a functional form for further use.
Dark When the Snow Falls
dark when the snow falls is the first album released from the band emmet swimming. The Washington Area Music Association awarded the album Best Debut Recording in 1993. The song "misgiven" was included on the Xemu Records compilation Music from the Motion Picture "Crimson Lights"

Washington Area Music Association
The Washington Area Music Association (WAMA) is a regional music industry not-for-profit organization based in Washington, D.C.  WAMA's activity centers on highlighting the area's cultural contribution by assisting regional musicians with becoming recognized on a national scale.

The organization offers its members a variety of professional development services, including seminars, directories for networking, assistance with obtaining barcodes for recordings, and the production of live music events.  WAMA also organized the Washington Area Music Awards (Wammies) (a regional music award), and released and promoted compilation recordings that featured songs from different member artists.
Torricelli's law
Torricelli's law, also known as Torricelli's theorem, is a theorem in fluid dynamics relating the speed of fluid flowing from a hole to the height of fluid above the hole. The law states that the speed  of efflux of a fluid through a sharp-edged hole in the wall of the tank filled to a height  above the hole is the same as the speed that a body would acquire in falling freely from a height ,

where  is the acceleration due to gravity. This expression comes from equating the kinetic energy gained, , with the potential energy lost, , and solving for  The law was discovered (though not in this form) by the Italian scientist Evangelista Torricelli, in 1643. It was later shown to be a particular case of Bernoulli's principle.

Kinetic energy
In physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the form of energy that it possesses due to its motion.

In classical mechanics, the kinetic energy of a non-rotating object of mass m traveling at a speed v is .

The kinetic energy of an object is equal to the work, or force (F) in the direction of motion times its displacement (s), needed to accelerate the object from rest to its given speed. The same amount of work is done by the object when decelerating from its current speed to a state of rest.

The SI unit of energy is the joule, while the English unit of energy is the foot-pound.

In relativistic mechanics,  is a good approximation of kinetic energy only when v is much less than the speed of light.
Ludger Lohmann
Ludger Lohmann  (born 1954 in Herne) is a highly acknowledged organist.

Lohmann studied school and church music, musicology, philosophy and geography in Cologne. He studied organ with Wolfgang Stockmeier and harpsichord with Hugo Ruf. He took private lessons with Anton Heiller in Vienna and Marie-Claire Alain in Paris. From 1979 to 1984, Lohmann taught organ at the Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln. From 1983 to 2020, he was Professor of Organ at State University of Music and Performing Arts Stuttgart and for 25 years organist at Stuttgart Cathedral. Iveta Apkalna has been one of his students.

Lohmann was a guest professor at University of Hartford Hartt School, US and senior researcher in the Göteborg Organ Art Center at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden. He is also jury member of many international competitions and teacher in international master classes.

Lohmann is specialist in Early Music and Romantic Organ Literature.

He lives in Lindau on Lake Constance.

Marie-Claire Alain
Marie-Claire Geneviève Alain-Gommier (10 August 1926 – 26 February 2013) was a French organist, scholar and teacher best known for her prolific recording career, with 260 recordings, making her the most-recorded classical organist in the world. She taught many of the world's prominent organists. She was a specialist in Bach, making three recordings of his complete organ works, as well as French organ music.

She was the sister of the famous organist-composers Jehan Alain and Olivier Alain and was the daughter of amateur organbuilder Albert Alain.

Alain was commonly deemed one of the most illustrious organists of her generation, and bore an international reputation. Critics were unanimous in praising the clarity of her playing, the purity of her style, the intense and lively musicality of her interpretations and her fluency in the art of organ registration.
Tondaimandalam
Toṇḍaimaṇḍalam, also known as Toṇḍai Nāḍu, is a historical region located in the northernmost part of Tamil Nadu and southernmost part of Andhra Pradesh. Toṇḍaimaṇḍalam was divided into 24 kottams — smaller districts by kurumbar king and also build a royal fort (pulhal). The kottams are subdivided into smaller agricultural districts called nadus, which were groupings of several agricultural villages. At the beginning of the historical period, the kottams were mostly pastoral. The region comprises the districts which formed a part of the legendary kingdom of Athondai Chakravarti. The boundaries of Tondaimandalam are ambiguous – between the river basins of Penna River and Ponnaiyar River. During the reign of Rajaraja I, this region was called as Jayankonda Cholamandalam.

K. A. Nilakanta Sastri
Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta Sastri (12 August 1892 – 15 June 1975) was an Indian historian who wrote on South Indian history. Many of his books form the standard reference works on the subject. Sastri was acclaimed for his scholarship and mastery of sources and was a recipient of the third highest Indian civilian honour, the Padma Bhushan.
Jaire Alexander
Jaire Zakar Alexander (born February 9, 1997) is an American former professional football cornerback who played eight seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Louisville Cardinals, and was selected by the Green Bay Packers in the first round of the 2018 NFL draft, where he spent seven seasons. He signed with the Baltimore Ravens in 2025 before being traded to the Philadelphia Eagles midseason and announced his retirement from football ten days after being traded.

Pro Football Focus
Pro Football Focus (also written as ProFootballFocus, and often referred to by its initials, PFF) is a sports analytics company that focuses on thorough analysis of the National Football League (NFL) and NCAA Division-I football in the United States. PFF produces 0–100 Player Grades and a range of advanced statistics for teams and players by watching, charting, and grading every player on every play in every game both at the NFL and FBS level.

The company publishes their data as a collection of various mostly web-based products. Some basic information is made freely available, while other more advanced products are on a fee or subscription basis.
Julie Christmas
Julie Christmas (born December 25, 1975) is an American musician from Brooklyn, New York. Christmas is her legal middle name; she was named so after the fact that she was born on Christmas day. She is the former lead singer of defunct Brooklyn-based noise rock band Made Out of Babies and the former lead singer of defunct post-metal supergroup Battle of Mice. In 2010, she released a critically acclaimed solo album titled The Bad Wife, and in 2016, she became a featured member on the Swedish post-metal band Cult of Luna's album Mariner.

Red Sparowes
Red Sparowes is an American, Los Angeles-based post-rock band, comprising current and former members of Isis, Marriages, The Nocturnes, Halifax Pier, Angel Hair and Pleasure Forever. Their sound is characteristic of soundscape-influenced experimental rock, with an otherwise uncommon extensive use of a pedal steel guitar.
Ringwood, Victoria
Ringwood is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 25 km (16 mi) east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Maroondah local government area. Ringwood recorded a population of 19,144 at the 2021 census.

Ringwood has many parks and reserves, most notably Ringwood Lake, an 8.5-hectare park is used for various recreational activities which includes a lake with bridge, sound shell, mining history display, playground, picnic shelters, barbecues and a bushland walking circuit.

Division of Menzies
The Division of Menzies is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria. The division is located in the north-eastern suburbs of Melbourne and covers parts of City of Manningham and to a smaller extent, City of Whitehorse.
Below the Clouds
Below the Clouds (also known as Pompei: Below the Clouds, Italian: Sotto le nuvole) is a 2025 Italian documentary film written and directed by Gianfranco Rosi. An homage to the city of Naples, it is Rosi's third documentary about everyday life in Italy, following 2013's Sacro GRA (about the outskirts of Rome) and 2016's Fire at Sea (about the island of Lampedusa).

The film had its world premiere in the main competition of the 82nd Venice International Film Festival on 30 August 2025, where it won the Special Jury Prize. It was theatrically released in Italy by 01 Distribution on 18 September.

Special Jury Prize (Venice Film Festival)
The Special Jury Prize is an official award given at the Venice Film Festival to one of the feature films in competition slate since 2013. It is considered the third most prestigious prize at the festival, the runner-up to both the main award Golden Lion and the second place award Grand Jury Prize.

Philip Gröning was the first winner for The Police Officer's Wife in 2013.
David O. Sears
David O’Keefe Sears (born June 24, 1935, in Urbana, Illinois) is an American psychologist who specializes in political psychology. He is a distinguished professor of psychology and political science at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) where he has been teaching since 1961. He served as dean of social sciences at UCLA between 1983 and 1992. Best known for his theory of symbolic racism, Sears has published many articles and books about the political and psychological origins of race relations in America, as well as on political socialization and life cycle effects on attitudes, the role of self-interest in attitudes, and multiculturalism. He was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1991.

Urbana, Illinois
Urbana (/ɜːrˈbænə/ ur-BAN-ə) is a city in Champaign County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. As of the 2020 census, Urbana had a population of 38,336. It is a principal city of the Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area, which had 236,000 residents in 2020. Urbana is notable for sharing the main campus of the University of Illinois with its twin city of Champaign.
Aadheys
Aadheys is a 2014 Maldivian family drama film directed by Abdul Faththaah. Written and produced by Hassan Ali under Dash Studio, the film stars Niuma Mohamed, Hussain Sobah, Amira Ismail, Moosa Zakariyya and Fathimath Azifa in pivotal roles. The film was released on 1 October 2014. Filming took place in R. Ungoofaaru simultaneously with director's romantic film Love Story (2012). Filming was completed on 6 September 2011 and spent 25 days for shooting.

Ungoofaaru
Ungoofaaru (Dhivehi: އުނގޫފާރު) is an inhabited island located in Northern Maalhosmadulhu Atoll, which is an administrative division of the Maldives. It is also the capital of Northern Maalhosmadulhu Atoll.
Young Marx (play)
Young Marx is a play by Richard Bean and Clive Coleman about the early life of Karl Marx.

It was the opening production at the Bridge Theatre in London (residency of the London Theatre Company), a new commercial theatre founded by previous National Theatre artistic director Nicholas Hytner and executive director Nick Starr. The production opened the theatre on Friday 27 October 2017, following previews from Wednesday 18 October, and ran until Sunday 31 December 2017. The production was also broadcast through National Theatre Live in December.

The production starred Rory Kinnear in the title role and Oliver Chris as Friedrich Engels and reunited the creative team of Bean's previous hit play One Man Two Guvnors (which premiered at the National Theatre), directed by Hytner, designed by Mark Thompson, music by Grant Olding, lighting by Mark Henderson and sound by Paul Arditti.

On 17 August, the full company was announced alongside Kinnear and Chris.

Paul Arditti
Paul Arditti is a British sound designer, working mostly in the UK and the US. He specialises in sound for theatre musicals and plays. He has won awards for his work including two Tony Awards, two Olivier Awards, five Drama Desk Awards and a BroadwayWorld.com Fans' Choice Award.

In the UK, he has designed sound at the National Theatre, Donmar Warehouse, Bridge Theatre, Royal Shakespeare Company, Royal Court Theatre, Almeida Theatre, Young Vic Theatre, and in the West End, as well as many regional theatres.

In September 2015, Paul was appointed an Associate Director at the National Theatre.

In the US, he has designed sound for many Broadway and off-Broadway productions, as well as in other New York venues such as St Ann’s Warehouse, New York Theatre Workshop, Brooklyn Academy of Music, and Lincoln Center.

Paul studied Drama and English at The University of Hull, graduating in 1983.
Cephalacanthus
Cephalacanthus maculatus is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Acanthaceae. It is a subshrub or shrub endemic to San Martín Region of Peru. It is the sole species in genus Cephalacanthus.

Department of San Martín
San Martín (Spanish pronunciation: [sanmaɾˈtin]) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's north, most of the department is located in the upper part of the Peruvian Amazon rainforest. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is Moyobamba and the largest city in the department is Tarapoto.
National essentialism
National essentialism (国粋主義 or 国粋保存主義), in Japanese pronunciation as Kokusui Shugi or Kokusui Hozon Shugi is one of the terms used to describe Japanese nationalism. Terms similar to kokusui shugi include kokka shugi (国家主義; lit. 'state nationalism') and minzoku shugi (民族主義; lit. 'ethnic nationalism'). Kokusui shugi is also viewed as a proto-fascism.

Kokusui shugi emphasizes the uniqueness of Japanese culture and tradition against Europeanisationism (欧化主義) and pursues conservatism; Nihon shugi (日本主義; lit. 'Japanese consciousness or Japanism') is used in a similar sense.

Proto-fascism
Proto-fascism represents the direct predecessor ideologies and cultural movements that influenced and formed the basis of fascism. The term protofascism is also used in a slightly more general sense to refer to any political movement whose activities make the emergence of fascism more likely.

Proto-fascist movements that preceded fascism featured some of the common characteristics of fascist ideology, such as the scapegoating of ethnic or religious minorities, the glorification of violence, and the promotion of the Führerprinzip, the belief that the party and the state should have a single leader with absolute power, but usually did not exhibit some characteristics of fascism, for example, were less radical or lacked totalitarian ambitions.

In relation to contemporary politics, the term protofascist has been applied to movements which resemble fascist ones in certain respects, but cannot be defined strictly as neo-fascist.
Bethlehem Chapel (Saint-Jean-de-Boiseau)
Bethlehem Chapel (French: chapelle de Bethléem) is a Roman Catholic chapel, located in the French community of Saint-Jean-de-Boiseau in Loire-Atlantique, beside district road 58, between Saint-Jean-de-Boiseau and Le Pellerin.

Classified as a historic monument in 1911, restored from 1993 to 1995, the chapel has pinnacles where certain newly created chimeras resemble products of American film culture and Japanese animation.

Archivolt
An archivolt (or voussure) is an ornamental moulding or band following the curve on the underside of an arch. It is composed of bands of ornamental mouldings (or other architectural elements) surrounding an arched opening, corresponding to the architrave in the case of a rectangular opening. The word is sometimes used to refer to the under-side or inner curve of the arch itself (more properly, the intrados). Most commonly archivolts are found as a feature of the arches of church portals. The mouldings and sculptures on these archivolts are used to convey a theological story or depict religious figures and ideologies of the church in order to represent the gateway between the holy space of the church and the external world. The presence of archivolts on churches is seen throughout history, although their design, both architecturally and artistically, is heavily influenced by the period they were built in and the churches they were designed for.