hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Great Northern Railway Buildings
The Great Northern Railway Buildings are a set of five building complexes in or near Glacier National Park in Montana.  They were built by the Great Northern Railway during the period of the park's founding to provide a unified tourist experience to visitors to the park, using the Swiss chalet as a building model.  The building complexes, each separately listed on the National Register of Historic Places, are:

Belton Chalets

Granite Park Chalet

Many Glacier Hotel

Sperry Chalet

Two Medicine General Store

Four of these complexes were declared a discontiguous National Historic Landmark District in 1987, notable as the largest such concentration of Swiss chalet architecture in the country. In May 2000, the designation was amended to include the Belton Chalets, which differs from the other buildings in being located just outside the park.

Chalet
A chalet (pronounced /ˈʃæleɪ/ SHAL-ay in British English; in American English usually /ʃæˈleɪ/ shal-AY), also called Swiss chalet, is a type of building or house, typical of the Alpine region in Europe. It is made of wood, with a heavy, gently sloping roof and wide, well-supported eaves set at right angles to the front of the house.
Ntotroso
Ntotroso is a town in the Asutifi North District in the Ahafo Region of Ghana. The distance from Ntotroso to Kenyasi, the district capital is 13 km while that of Sunyani, the Bono regional capital is 41 km.
Notable tertiary institution in this town, is the Ntotroso Nursing College.

Asutifi North (district)
Asutifi North District is one of the six districts in Ahafo Region, Ghana. The District was formerly part of the then-larger Asutifi District since 1988, until the southern part of the district was split off to create Asutifi South District on 28 June 2012. The remaining northern part is Asutifi North District. The district assembly is located in the eastern part of Ahafo Region and has Kenyasi as its capital town.
PL-11
PL-11 is a high-level machine-oriented programming language for the PDP-11, developed by R.D. Russell of CERN in 1971. Written in Fortran IV, it is similar to PL360 and is cross-compiled on other machines.

PL-11 was originally developed as part of the Omega project, a particle physics facility operational at CERN (Geneva, Switzerland) during the 1970s. The first version was written for the CII 10070, a clone of the XDS Sigma 7 built in France. Towards the end of the 1970s it was ported to the IBM 370/168, then part of CERN's computer centre. In 1974, it was ported to the Burroughs B6700 at Massey University in New Zealand.

A report describing the language is available from CERN.

CII 10070
The CII 10070 is a discontinued computer system from the French company CII. It was part of the first series of computers manufactured in the late 1960s under Plan Calcul.

The 10070 is a rebadged Scientific Data Systems (SDS) Sigma 7. In addition to the Sigma software, a new operating system was developed  by teams from INRIA.

The 10070 is optimized for scientific calculation. It has 32-bit words, byte addressing, and 16 index registers. It can handle both batch processing, and time-sharing. It also has mémoire topographique as a standard feature, similar to virtual memory except that it is only intended for instant memory-to-memory remapping for performance reasons, with no support for managing swapping to disk. This is managed by the time-sharing monitor.

The 10070 served as the basis for the design of the Iris 50 and Iris 80 series, which were entirely manufactured by CII.
Wolfgang Harich
Wolfgang Harich (9 December 1923 – 15 March 1995) was a philosopher and journalist in East Germany.

A deserter from the German army in World War II and a member of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, Harich became a professor of philosophy at Humboldt University in 1949. He was arrested in 1956 and sentenced to ten years in prison for the "establishment of a conspiratorial counterrevolutionary group." He was released in 1964, after eight years, and rehabilitated in 1990. In 1994 he joined the Party of Democratic Socialism.

His grave is preserved in the Protestant Friedhof III der Jerusalems- und Neuen Kirchengemeinde (Cemetery No. III of the congregations of Jerusalem's Church and New Church) in Berlin-Kreuzberg, south of Hallesches Tor.

Desertion
Desertion is the abandonment of a military duty or post without permission (a pass, liberty or leave) and is done with the intention of not returning. This contrasts with unauthorized absence (UA) or absence without leave (AWOL /ˈeɪwɒl/), which are temporary forms of absence.
Dogtown, Mariposa County, California
Dogtown is a former settlement in Mariposa County, California, United States. It was located on Maxwell Creek 4 miles (6.4 km) east of Coulterville, at an elevation of 2582 feet (787 m).

Dogtown was a major hydraulic mining center in the late nineteenth century.  At its peak, the town boasted numerous hotels, saloons, a dance hall, and a red light district.  The town was supposedly named for the many stray dogs that roamed the area during the Gold Rush.  A dam failure flooded much of the townsite in 1899; by 1989, only "scattered building foundations and half a dozen wooden structures on the verge of collapse" remained at the site.

Several unrelated communities and mining camps in California also had the name Dogtown during the nineteenth century; including one in Mono County, one in neighboring Merced County, another in Butte County (now Magalia), one in Calaveras County, and a later settlement in Marin County.

Mariposa County, California
37°35′N 119°55′W﻿ / ﻿37.58°N 119.91°W﻿ / 37.58; -119.91

Mariposa County (/ˌmærɪˈpoʊzə, -sə/ ⓘ) is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the population was 17,131. The county seat is Mariposa. The county lies in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada, north of Fresno, east of Merced, and southeast of Stockton. The eastern portion of the county encompasses the principal area of Yosemite National Park.

Mariposa County is one of only three counties in California that does not include any incorporated cities, along with Alpine and Trinity counties. The county includes 17 communities recognized as census-designated places for statistical purposes. It also has no permanent traffic signals anywhere within its borders.
Balbir Singh Jr.
Balbir Singh Kular (2 May 1932 – 11 April 2021), predominantly known as Balbir Singh Jr., was an Indian field hockey player. He studied at Lyallpur Khalsa College and DAV College. He started his hockey career for Panjab University and later represented Railways and Services in the Indian Senior National Hockey Championship. He played for the Indian team that won the silver medal at the 1958 Asian Games alongside his namesake Balbir Singh Sr. He joined the Indian Army as an emergency commissioned officer in 1962 and retired in 1984 with the rank of major.

1958 Asian Games
The 1958 Asian Games, officially the Third Asian Games (Japanese: 第3回アジア競技大会) and commonly known as Tokyo 1958 (Japanese: 東京1958), were a multi-sport event held in Tokyo, Japan, from 24 May to 1 June 1958. It was governed by the Asian Games Federation. A total of 1,820 athletes representing 20 Asian National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in the Games. The program featured competitions in 13 different sports encompassing 97 events, including four non-Olympic sports, judo, table tennis, tennis and volleyball. Four of these competition sports – field hockey, table tennis, tennis and volleyball – were introduced for the first time in the Asian Games.

This is the first time that Japan hosted the Asian Games.
USS Turbot
Two submarines of the United States Navy have been named USS Turbot for the turbot, a large, brown and white flatfish, valued as a food.

USS Turbot (SS-31) was a G-class submarine which served before World War I. She was renamed G-3 before she was launched.

USS Turbot (SS-427) was a Balao-class submarine that had not been completed at the end of World War II.

United States G-class submarine
The G-class submarines were a class of four United States Navy submarines. While the four G boats were nominally all of a class, they differed enough in significant details that they are sometimes considered to be four unique boats, each in a class by herself. They were the result of agitation (presumably from industry and Congress) for competition in submarine design; all previous US submarines were designed by Electric Boat. G-1, G-2, and G-3, were designed by Simon Lake, of the Lake Torpedo Boat Company, while G-4 was designed by American Laurenti. G-1 and G-2 were built by Newport News, G-3 by Lake, completed at the New York Navy Yard due to Lake's temporary dissolution, and G-4 by Cramp.
Dean Gardens, Edinburgh
The Dean Gardens (previously known as Eton Terrace Gardens) are private communal gardens near the Stockbridge suburb of the New Town area of Edinburgh, EH4. The gardens lie over a 2.9 hectares (7.2 acres) sized site on the steep north bank of the Dean Valley through which runs the Water of Leith. A public view of the gardens can be seen from the Dean Bridge, under which the gardens lie. The gardens have been listed on the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes as part of the New Town Gardens heritage designation since March 2001.

Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland
The Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland is a listing of gardens and designed landscapes of national artistic and/or historical significance, in Scotland. The Inventory was originally compiled in 1987, although it is a continually evolving list. From 1991 it was maintained by Historic Scotland and Scottish Natural Heritage, and is now updated by a dedicated team within Historic Environment Scotland. As of 2016 the Inventory includes over 300 sites across Scotland.
1985 Beirut car bombings
On 8 March 1985, a car bomb exploded between 9 and 45 metres from the house of Shia cleric Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah in Beirut, Lebanon, in a failed assassination attempt by a Lebanese counter-terrorism unit linked to the Central Intelligence Agency. The bombing killed 80 people and injured 200, almost all civilians.

Beirut experienced three other deadly car bombs in following months on 22 May, 14 August and 18 August 1985.

William J. Casey
William Joseph Casey (March 13, 1913 – May 6, 1987) was an American lawyer who was the Director of Central Intelligence from 1981 to 1987.  In this capacity he oversaw the entire United States Intelligence Community and personally directed the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) throughout much of the Reagan administration.
Carol Hawkins
Carol Hawkins (born 31 January 1949) is an English actress, best known for her various comic roles in numerous television sitcoms and films in the 1970s and 1980s.

She played the roles of Sharon Eversleigh in the film of the television series Please Sir! and Sandra in the BBC TV series Porridge, and starred in two Carry On films (Carry On Abroad as Marge and Carry On Behind as Sandra).

Bless This House (film)
Bless This House is a 1972 British comedy film directed by Gerald Thomas starring Sid James, Diana Coupland, Terry Scott, June Whitfield and Peter Butterworth. It is a spin-off from the television sitcom Bless This House.
Il sogno di Scipione
Il sogno di Scipione, K. 126, is a dramatic serenade in one act (azione teatrale) composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart to a libretto by Pietro Metastasio, which is based on the book Somnium Scipionis by Cicero; Metastasio's libretto has been set to music several times. Mozart had originally composed the work at the age of 15 for his patron, Prince-Archbishop Sigismund von Schrattenbach. After the bishop's death before it could be performed, Mozart dedicated it to Schrattenbach's successor, Count Colloredo. It was given a private performance in the Archbishop's Palace in Salzburg on 1 May 1772, although not in its entirety. Only one aria, the final chorus and the recitative dedicating it to the new Prince-Archbishop were performed. It is highly unlikely that it was ever performed in its entirety in Mozart's lifetime.

Sigismund von Schrattenbach
Siegmund III Christoph Graf von Schrattenbach, also Sigismundus (28 February 1698 – 16 December 1771) was Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg from 1753 to 1771. Both the composers, Leopold  and Wolfgang Mozart served under him.
Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 is a strain of unicellular, freshwater cyanobacteria.  Synechocystis sp. PCC6803  is capable of both phototrophic growth by oxygenic photosynthesis during light periods and heterotrophic growth by glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation during dark periods. Gene expression is regulated by a circadian clock and the organism can effectively anticipate transitions between the light and dark phases.

Tetracycline-controlled transcriptional activation
Tetracycline-controlled transcriptional activation is a method of inducible gene expression where transcription is reversibly turned on or off in the presence of the antibiotic tetracycline or one of its derivatives (e.g. doxycycline).

Tetracycline-controlled gene expression is based upon the mechanism of resistance to tetracycline antibiotic treatment found in gram-negative bacteria. In nature, the Ptet promoter expresses TetR (the repressor) and TetA, the protein that pumps tetracycline antibiotic out of the cell.

The difference between Tet-On and Tet-Off is not whether the transactivator turns a gene on or off, as the name might suggest; rather, both proteins activate expression. The difference relates to their respective response to tetracycline or doxycycline (Dox, a more stable tetracycline analogue); Tet-Off activates expression in the absence of Dox, whereas Tet-On activates in the presence of Dox.
Isaac Asimov Presents The Great SF Stories 6 (1944)
Isaac Asimov Presents The Great SF Stories 6 (1944) is the sixth volume of Isaac Asimov Presents The Great SF Stories, which is a series of short story collections, edited by Isaac Asimov and Martin H. Greenberg, which attempts to list the great science fiction stories from the Golden Age of Science Fiction. They date the Golden Age as beginning in 1939 and lasting until 1963. The book was later reprinted as the second half of Isaac Asimov Presents The Golden Years of Science Fiction, Third Series with the first half being Isaac Asimov Presents The Great SF Stories 5 (1943). This volume was originally published by DAW books in December 1981.

DAW Books
DAW Books is an American science fiction and fantasy publisher, founded by Donald A. Wollheim,  with his wife, Elsie B. Wollheim, following his departure from Ace Books in 1971. The company claims to be "the first publishing company ever devoted exclusively to science fiction and fantasy." The first DAW Book published was the 1972 short story collection Spell of the Witch World by Andre Norton.
Morelos, Tamaulipas
Morelos also known as El Estero is a community located in Nuevo Laredo Municipality in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas.  According to the INEGI Census of 2010, Morelos has a population of 96 inhabitants, 54 males and 42 females. Its elevation is 164 meters above sea level.

Nuevo Laredo Municipality
The Municipality of Nuevo Laredo is located in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. Its municipal seat is Nuevo Laredo. The municipality contains more than 60 localities which the most important ones are Nuevo Laredo, El Campanario y Oradel, and Álvarez, the last two being suburbs of the city of Nuevo Laredo. By population, the municipality is the third largest in the state of Tamaulipas (behind Reynosa and Matamoros respectively). The Nuevo Laredo municipality is the northernmost in Tamaulipas, lying at the extreme northwestern tip of its narrow strip of land along the Río Grande. The city of Nuevo Laredo contains approximately 97.5% of the total population of the municipality.
Stewart Wilson
Stewart Wilson (born 22 October 1942) is a former Scotland international rugby union player. He played as a fullback.

He had 22 caps for Scotland between 1964 and 1968, and captained his country in four international matches. He scored 68 points in internationals for Scotland.

He was selected for the 1966 British Lions tour to Australia and New Zealand, and played in the second international against Australia and all four tests against the All Blacks, scoring 30 points which was a Lions career record for test match points at the time.

He represented Oxford in the Varsity Match in 1963 and 1964 and played club rugby for London Scottish.

London Scottish F.C.
London Scottish Football Club is a rugby union club in England. The club is a member of both the Rugby Football Union and the Scottish Rugby Union. The club is currently playing in the 2nd tier of the English rugby union system, Champ Rugby, and share the Athletic Ground with Richmond.
Biktima (1990 film)
Biktima (transl. Victim) is a 1990 Philippine horror thriller film directed by Lino Brocka from a story and screenplay written by Jose Dalisay Jr. and Roy C. Iglesias. The film stars Sharon Cuneta and Christopher de Leon. The film revolves around a human rights lawyer who falls in love with a man who turned out to be the one who raped her client.

Produced and distributed by Viva Films, the film was theatrically released on November 29, 1990.

Nanette Medved
Nanette Medved-Po is a philanthropist, businesswoman, and former actress and model in the Philippines. She was born in Hawaii to Russian American and Taiwanese parents. Medved-Po graduated summa cum laude with a degree in Finance and Entrepreneurship from Babson College in Massachusetts. She is best known for playing the titular role in the 1991 film Darna directed by Joel Lamangan. She married business tycoon Chris Po in 1999.
Fight for the Future
Fight for the Future (often abbreviated fightfortheftr or FFTF) is a nonprofit advocacy group in the area of digital rights founded in 2011. The group aims to
promote causes related to copyright legislation, as well as online privacy and censorship through the use of the Internet.

Digital rights
Digital rights are the human rights and legal rights that enable individuals to access, use, create, and publish digital media, as well as to access and use computers, other electronic devices, and telecommunications networks. The concept is particularly related to the protection and realization of existing rights, such as the right to privacy and freedom of expression, in the context of digital technologies, particularly the Internet. The laws of several countries recognize a right to Internet access. Digital rights are often discussed in relation to issues such as online privacy, freedom of expression, access to information, and the regulation of digital technologies by states and private actors.
Kharbozan-e Bala
Kharbozan-e Bala (Persian: خربزان بالا, also Romanized as Kharbozān-e Bālā; also known as Kharbozān) is a village in Seyyed Ebrahim Rural District, Zarrinabad District, Dehloran County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 151, in 32 families. The village is populated by Kurds.

Ilam province
Ilam Province (Persian: استان ایلام) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Ilam.

The province is in the western part of the country in Region 4 and covers 20,164.11 km2 (7,785.41 mi2). It shares 425 km (264 mi) of the border with Iraq, and also borders on the provinces of Kermanshah, Lorestan, and Khuzestan.
Randy Angst
Randy Angst is an American politician who served in the Missouri House of Representatives, representing District 146 from 2003 to 2004. A member of the Republican Party, Angst was a 2012 candidate for District 129 of the Missouri House of Representatives.

Missouri House of Representatives
The Missouri House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Missouri General Assembly, the upper chamber being the Missouri Senate. It has 163 members, representing districts with an average size of 37,000 residents. House members are elected for two-year terms during general elections held in even-numbered years.

Missouri's house is the fourth largest in the United States even as the state ranks 18th in population. The only states with a larger lower house in the United States are New Hampshire (400), Pennsylvania (203), and Georgia (180). Republicans have controlled the State House since 2003.

The next election will be held in 2026.
Lucky Man (The Verve song)
"Lucky Man" is a song by English rock band the Verve. It was written by singer Richard Ashcroft. The song was released as the third single from the band's third studio album, Urban Hymns. It was released on 24 November 1997, charting at number seven on the UK Singles Chart. The song was the band's second top-20 hit on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart in the United States, climbing to number 16. In Canada, "Lucky Man" peaked at number 25 on the RPM 100 Hit Tracks chart. It also reached the top 40 in Finland, Iceland, Ireland, and New Zealand.

Richard Ashcroft
Richard Paul Ashcroft (born 11 September 1971) is an English musician, singer, and songwriter. He formed the alternative rock band the Verve in 1990 and served as the sole songwriter, lead singer and rhythm guitarist throughout the band's lifetime. In 2000, Ashcroft embarked on a solo career, releasing six UK top-three solo albums, including Alone with Everybody, Keys to the World and These People.

Ashcroft's songwriting has been commended by the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers, and Authors twice with an Ivor Novello Award. The Verve's Urban Hymns is one of the UK's best-selling albums of all time. Ashcroft's work has influenced artists such as Oasis, Coldplay, and the Britpop and indie rock genres. Noel Gallagher of Oasis described Ashcroft as a "genius", and Chris Martin of Coldplay called him "the best singer in the world".

On 10 October 2025, Ashcroft released his seventh studio album, Lovin' You.
Hachioji Velodrome
Hachioji Velodrome (八王子自転車競技場, Hachiōji Jitenshakyōgijō) was a temporary velodrome located in the Hachiōji, Tokyo area. Constructed between March and August 1964, it hosted the track cycling events for the 1964 Summer Olympics.  The site of the velodrome was later converted to a public park called Ryonan Park.

Velodrome
A velodrome is an arena for track cycling. Modern velodromes feature steeply banked oval tracks, consisting of two 180-degree circular bends connected by two straights. The straights transition to the circular turn through a moderate easement curve.
Puerto Rico women's national under-21 volleyball team
The Puerto Rico women's national under-20 volleyball team represents Puerto Rico in international women's volleyball competitions and friendly matches under the age 20 and it is ruled by the Puerto Rican Volleyball Federation That Follow the North, Central America and Caribbean Volleyball Confederation NORCECA and also is a part of The Federation of International Volleyball FIVB.

North, Central America and Caribbean Volleyball Confederation
The North, Central America and Caribbean Volleyball Confederation (NORCECA) is the international governing body for the sport of volleyball in Northern America, Central America, and the Caribbean. NORCECA is the continental confederation that represents its 35 member associations at the International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) level. It also has six associate members: Bonaire, Saba, Saint Martin, Sint Eustatius, Sint Maarten, and the Turks and Caicos Islands. The confederation is responsible for, among other things, the staging of Olympic and World Championship zone qualification tournaments, as well as continental championships for both men and women in indoor volleyball and beach volleyball. In 2022, NORCECA celebrated its fifty-fourth (54th) anniversary.