hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph Hormisdas Rainville
Joseph-Hormisdas Rainville (March 8, 1875 – April 14, 1942) was a lawyer and political figure in Quebec. He represented Chambly—Verchères in the House of Commons of Canada from 1911 to 1917 as a Conservative. Rainville sat for Repentigny division in the Senate of Canada from 1923 to 1942.

He was born in Marieville, Quebec, the son of Isaïe-Denis Rainville and Cornélie Rainville, and was educated at the Université Laval. He was admitted to the bar in 1900 and set up practice in Montreal. Rainville married Ferréola Gendreau in 1910. In 1930, he was named president of the Commission of the Port of Montreal. Rainville died in office at the age of 67.

He was named a Chevalier in the French Légion d'honneur in 1934.

His uncle Henri-Benjamin Rainville served in the Quebec assembly.

Université Laval
Université Laval is a public research university in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. The university traces its roots to the Séminaire de Québec, founded by François de Montmorency-Laval in 1663, making it the oldest institution of higher education in Canada and the first North American institution to offer higher education in French. The university, which was founded in Old Québec, moved to a new campus in the 1950s in the suburban borough of Sainte-Foy–Sillery–Cap-Rouge. It is ranked among the top 10 Canadian universities in research funding and holds four Canada Excellence Research Chairs.
Namita
Namita is a given name. Notable people with the given name include:

Namita Kumari Chaudhary, Nepali politician

Namita Kumari Dali (born 1991), Nepalese footballer

Namita D'souza (born 2003), Indian-born cricketer

Namita Dubey, Indian actress

Namita Gokhale (born 1956), Indian fiction writer, editor, festival director, and publisher

Namita Gupta Wiggers, American expert in the field of contemporary craft, curator, educator, and writer

Namita Mundada (born 1989), Indian politician

Namita Saha, Indian politician

Namita Thapar (born 1977), Indian entrepreneur, business executive, and angel investor

Namita Toppo (born 1995), Indian field hockey player

Namita Waikar, Indian novelist, entrepreneur, and journalist

Namita Waikar
Namita Waikar is a novelist, entrepreneur and journalist from Pune, India. Waikar is the managing editor and co-founder of the People's Archive of Rural India.

In her debut novel, "The Long March", Waikar tells the story of an urban elite being forced to pay heed to the plight of the Indian farmers by a large march of rural farmers into the cities of the country. Written in 2012, this novel foresaw the long marches of farmers that captured the country's headlines in 2018.

Namita's debut novel was launched at the Jaipur Literature Festival where Namita has been a speaker since 2018.

Namita Waikar's leads and writes for the Grindmill Songs Project and oversees the translations program at People's Archive of Rural India
Fort Pembroke
Fort Pembroke (Maltese: Il-Fortizza ta' Pembroke) is a polygonal fort in Pembroke, Malta. It was built between 1875 and 1878 by the British to defend part of the Victoria Lines. The fort now houses the Verdala International School.

Polygonal fort
A polygonal fort is a type of fortification originating in France in the late 18th century and fully developed in Germany in the first half of the 19th century. Unlike earlier forts, polygonal forts had no bastions, which had proved to be vulnerable. As part of ring fortresses, polygonal forts were generally arranged in a ring around the place they were intended to protect, so that each fort could support its neighbours. The concept of the polygonal fort proved to be adaptable to improvements in the artillery which might be used against them, and they continued to be built and rebuilt well into the 20th century.
Tsagaan Sar
The Mongolian Lunar New Year, commonly known as Tsagaan Sar (Mongolian: Цагаан сар ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ [tsʰɐʁáːɴ sɐr̥]; lit. 'White Moon'), is the first day of the year according to the Mongolian lunisolar calendar. The festival of the Lunar New Year is celebrated by Mongolic and some Turkic peoples. The holiday has shamanistic influences.

Dark moon
The term dark moon describes the last visible crescent of a waning Moon. The duration of a dark moon varies between 1.5 and 3.5 days, depending on its ecliptic latitude. In current astronomical usage, the new moon occurs in the middle of this dark period, when the Moon and Sun are in conjunction. This definition has entered popular usage, so that calendars will typically indicate the date of the "new moon" rather than the "dark moon".
Zhêntang
Zhêntang Town (Chinese: 陈塘镇; Tibetan: འདྲེན་ཐང), also known as Chentang, is a town in Dinggyê County, in the Shigatse prefecture-level city of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. It is a border town on the China–Nepal border and lies on the Pum Qu River. At the time of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 2,043. As of 2013, it had 6 communities under its administration.

Arun River (China–Nepal)
The Arun River (Nepali: अरुण नदी) is a trans-boundary river that is part of the Koshi or Sapta Koshi river system in Nepal. It originates in the Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China where it is called the Phung Chu or Bum-chu.
Sherry Ross (pioneer)
Sherry Ross (February 11, 1824 – January 4, 1867) was an Oregon pioneer and the namesake of Ross Island and Ross Island Bridge in Portland, Oregon.

Ross arrived in the Oregon Country in 1845, part of a train of 200 wagons that branched off of the Oregon Trail via the Meek Cutoff. Ross filed a provisional land claim in 1846 on a parcel of roughly 400 acres surrounded by the Willamette River, a location later known as Ross Island.

In 1851 Ross married Rebecca Deardorff, an 1850 immigrant to the Oregon Territory.

Ross operated a dairy farm on Ross Island and was listed as a livery stable owner at 165 First Street in early Portland.

Oregon Territory
The Territory of Oregon was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from August 14, 1848, until February 14, 1859, when the southwestern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Oregon. Originally claimed by several countries (see Oregon Country), Spanish "El Orejón" was part of the Nootka Territory (1789–1795), later in the 19th century, the region was divided between the British Empire and the US in 1846. When established, the territory encompassed an area that included the current states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, as well as parts of Wyoming and Montana. The capital of the territory was first Oregon City, then Salem, followed briefly by Corvallis, then back to Salem, which became the state capital upon Oregon's admission to the Union.
Hodges v. United States
Hodges v. United States, 203 U.S. 1 (1906), was a decision by the United States Supreme Court limiting the power of Congress to make laws under the Thirteenth Amendment. Three white men had been convicted in the Eastern Arkansas District Court for conspiring against black sawmill workers.

The statute that was used to convict the men prohibits conspiracy to deprive American citizens of their constitutional liberties, including the right to make contracts. The Supreme Court overturned the conviction, holding that Congress did not have the right to intervene against racially motivated interference with labor contracts.

Civil Rights Act of 1866
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 (14 Stat. 27, enacted April 9, 1866, reenacted 1870) was the first United States federal law to define citizenship and affirm that all citizens are equally protected by the law. It was mainly intended, in the wake of the American Civil War, to protect the civil rights of persons of African descent born in or brought to the United States.

The Act was passed by Congress in 1866 and vetoed by U.S. President Andrew Johnson. In April 1866, Congress again passed the bill to support the Thirteenth Amendment, and Johnson again vetoed it, but a two-thirds majority in each chamber overrode the veto to allow it to become law without presidential signature.

John Bingham and other congressmen argued that Congress did not yet have sufficient constitutional power to enact this law.  Following passage of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868, Congress ratified the 1866 Act in 1870.
Wirt, Minnesota
Wirt is an unincorporated community in Wirt Township, Itasca County, Minnesota, United States; located within the Chippewa National Forest.

The community is located 16 miles northwest of Talmoon at the junction of Itasca County Roads 29 and 31.  County Road 14 is also nearby.

Nearby places include Dora Lake, Max, Spring Lake, and Alvwood.  Wirt is located 17 miles west of Bigfork; and 25 miles southeast of Northome.  Wirt is 16 miles east of Alvwood; and 36 miles north of Deer River.

The community of Wirt is located within Wirt Township (population 106).  The Big Fork River flows through the community.

Wirt has a post office with ZIP code 56688.

Bigfork, Minnesota
Bigfork is a city in Itasca County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 400 at the 2020 census. Scenic State Park is nearby.

Minnesota State Highway 38 serves as a main route in the community.  State Highways 1 and 6 are nearby.
Occipital triangle
The occipital triangle, the larger division of the posterior triangle, is bounded, in front, by the Sternocleidomastoideus; behind, by the Trapezius; below, by the Omohyoideus.

Its floor is formed from above downward by the Splenius capitis, Levator scapulæ, and the Scalenus medius and posterior.

It is covered by the skin, the superficial and deep fasciæ, and by the Platysma below.

The accessory nerve is directed obliquely across the space from the Sternocleidomastoideus, which it pierces, to the under surface of the Trapezius; below, the supraclavicular nerves and the transverse cervical vessels and the upper part of the brachial plexus cross the space.

The roof of this triangle is formed by the cutaneous nerves of cervical plexus and the external jugular vein and platysma muscle.

A chain of lymph glands is also found running along the posterior border of the Sternocleidomastoideus, from the mastoid process to the root of the neck.

Supraclavicular nerves
The supraclavicular nerve is a cutaneous (sensory) nerve of the cervical plexus that arises from the third and fourth cervical (spinal) nerves. It emerges from beneath the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, then split into multiple branches. Together, these innervate the skin over the shoulder.

The supraclavicular nerve can be blocked during shoulder surgery.
Edward Hicks (pioneer)
Edward Hicks (October 24, 1818 – May 15, 1873) was an American merchant, Democratic politician, and Wisconsin pioneer.  He was a member of the Wisconsin Senate (1862, 1863) and State Assembly (1870), representing Brown County.  He was postmaster of Green Bay for about 12 years during the 1840s and 1850s.

Brown County, Wisconsin
Brown County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 268,740, making it the fourth-most populous county in Wisconsin. The county seat is Green Bay. Brown County is part of the Green Bay metropolitan area.
1998 Norwegian Second Division
In the 1998 2. divisjon, the third highest football league for men in Norway, 22 games were played in 8 groups, with 3 points given for wins and 1 for draws. Liv/Fossekallen, Skjetten, Clausenengen and Lofoten were promoted to the First Division through playoffs against the other 4 group winners. Number twelve, thirteen and fourteen were relegated to the 3. divisjon. The winning teams from each of the 19 groups in the 3. divisjon, plus some number-two teams, were promoted to the 2. divisjon.

Hønefoss BK
Hønefoss Ballklubb is a Norwegian football club from Hønefoss, founded in 1895. The club was a part of the multi-sports club L/F Hønefoss, which folded in 2008.

After 11 years in 1. divisjon, the second tier of Norwegian football, Hønefoss was promoted to Tippeligaen in 2009, where they finished 14th in 2010 Tippeligaen and was relegated after a relegation-playoff against Fredrikstad. In 2011, Hønefoss won the 1. divisjon and was promoted to the Tippeligaen for the second time in three years. Their second spell in Tippeligaen lasted for two seasons, and they were again relegated to the 1. divisjon in 2013.
Sandip Tiwari
Sandip Tiwari is an Indian-born electrical engineer and applied physicist. He is the Charles N. Mellowes Professor of Engineering at Cornell University. His previous roles were Director of National Nanotechnology Users Network, Director of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network, and research scientist at IBM T. J. Watson Research Center. He is best known for his pioneer research in the fields of SiGe transistor and nanocrystal memory.

Thomas J. Watson Research Center
The Thomas J. Watson Research Center is the headquarters for IBM Research. Its main laboratory is in Yorktown Heights, New York, 38 miles (61 km) north of New York City. It also operates facilities in Cambridge, Massachusetts and Albany, New York.
Total body surface area
Total body surface area (TBSA) is an assessment of injury to or disease of the skin, such as burns or psoriasis.

In adults, the Wallace rule of nines can be used to determine the total percentage of area burned for each major section of the body.

In burn cases that involve partial body areas, or when dermatologists are evaluating the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score, the patient's palm can serve a reference point roughly equivalent to 1% of the body surface area.

For children and infants, the Lund and Browder chart is used to assess the burned body surface area.  Different percentages are used because the ratio of the combined surface area of the head and neck to the surface area of the limbs is typically larger in children than that of an adult.

Typical values for common groups of humans follow. (Due to rounding, values may not add to 100%.)

Psoriasis Area and Severity Index
Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) is the most widely used tool for the measurement of severity of psoriasis. PASI combines the assessment of the severity of lesions and the area affected into a single score in the range 0 (no disease) to 72 (maximal disease).
La Paz Centro
La Paz Centro (Spanish pronunciation: [la pas ˈsentɾo]) is a town and a municipality in the León Department of Nicaragua.

The town is located along the highway between Managua and León. The small municipality is known for its small shops and pottery. La Paz Centro is the home of the Asososca Lagoon Natural Reserve, which is one of the few water reserves in Nicaragua that remains uncontaminated. For decades, La Paz Centro and the bordering town Nagarote have been in a feud about which town makes the best quesillos.

The town was the site of a battle between American Marines and Nicaraguan Liberal rebels in the aftermath of the Nicaraguan Civil War (1926–1927) on May 16, 1927, prior to the Sandino Rebellion.

Nicaraguan Civil War (1926–1927)
The Nicaraguan Civil War of 1926–1927, or the Constitutionalist War, broke out after a coup d'état by Emiliano Chamorro, a member of the Conservative Party, removed Nicaragua's democratically elected government, resulting in a rebellion by members of the Liberal Party. The conflict came to an end after a military and diplomatic intervention by the United States resulted in the Pact of Espino Negro, which began the Peace of Tipitapa. Although the civil war came to an end, one Liberal general, Augusto César Sandino, refused to lay down his arms and waged the Sandino Rebellion against the Nicaraguan government and the US Marine Corps until 1933.
Suburban Six-Man Football League
The Suburban Six-Man Football League is a former high school football conference with its catchment in the Madison metropolitan area. Originating in 1939 and playing its last season in 1957, the conference's member schools were affiliated with the Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association.

Madison metropolitan area
The Madison metropolitan area, also known as Greater Madison, is the metropolitan area surrounding the city of Madison, Wisconsin. The Madison, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), as defined by the Office of Management and Budget, consists of Columbia, Dane, Green, and Iowa counties in south-central Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the MSA had a population of 680,796, making it the 84th-largest in the United States.

The Madison–Janesville–Beloit, WI Combined Statistical Area (CSA) consists of the four counties in the Madison MSA as well as Rock County (Janesville–Beloit metropolitan area) and Sauk County (Baraboo micropolitan area). The CSA population as of the 2020 census was 910,246, making it the 64th-largest in the United States.
San Francisco, Atlántida
San Francisco (Spanish pronunciation: [saɱ fɾanˈsisko]) is a town, with a population of 3,437 (2013 census), and a municipality in the Honduran department of Atlántida. The largest town of the municipality is Santa Ana, with a population of 6,776 (2013 census).

Municipalities of Honduras
Honduras is administratively divided into 18 departments, which are subdivided into 298 municipalities (Spanish: municipios). Municipalities are the only administrative division in Honduras that possess local government. Each municipality has its own elected mayor as opposed to the appointed governors of departments. For statistical purposes, the municipalities are further subdivided into 3731 aldeas, and those into 27969 caserios. At the lowest level, some caserios are subdivided into 3336 barrios or colonias.
Clément Parisse
Clément Parisse (French pronunciation: [klemɑ̃ paʁis]; born 6 July 1993) is a French cross-country skier. He has competed in the World Cup since the 2014 season. He represented France at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2015 in Falun, Sweden.

FIS Cross-Country World Cup
The FIS Cross-Country World Cup is an annual cross-country skiing competition, arranged by the International Ski Federation (FIS) since 1981. The competition was arranged unofficially between 1973 and 1981, although it received provisional recognition on the 31st FIS Congress, 29–30 April 1977 in Bariloche, Argentina.

The first World Cup races were held on 9 January 1982 and were located in Reit im Winkl, West Germany and Klingenthal, East Germany. Bill Koch of the United States and Berit Aunli of Norway were the overall winners in the first season.
Down 'n' Outz
Down 'n' Outz are an English rock band featuring members from Def Leppard, The Quireboys, and Raw Glory. The group covers bands and artists related to Mott the Hoople including Mott, British Lions, and Ian Hunter. Their debut album, My ReGeneration, was released in 2010, and was followed by a DVD release of the band's show at Hammersmith Odeon. The band's second studio album, The Further Adventures Of... was released in April 2014. The band's third studio album, This Is How We Roll was released in October 2019.

Classic Rock (magazine)
Classic Rock is a British magazine and website dedicated to rock music, owned and published by Future. It was launched in October 1998 and is based in London. The magazine publishes 13 editions a year, mainly covering rock bands from the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, with the likes of Led Zeppelin, AC/DC, Pink Floyd, the Rolling Stones, Queen, Black Sabbath, Aerosmith, Deep Purple, and Van Halen amongst its most prominent cover stars. As well as veteran rock artists, Classic Rock also covers modern rock bands and releases, with Alter Bridge, Rival Sons, Halestorm, Ghost, Blackberry Smoke and the Struts amongst the younger artists to have appeared on its cover in recent years.
Balashov (surname)
Balashov (masculine, Russian: Балашов) or Balashova (feminine, Russian: Балашова) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Balashov (1770–1837), Russian general and statesman

Alexandra Balashova (1887–1979), Russian ballet dancer

Andrey Balashov (1946–2009), Russian sailor

Boris Balashov (1927–1974), Russian magazine editor

Hennadiy Balashov (1961–2025), Ukrainian businessman and politician

Roman Balashov (born 1977), Russian water polo player

Sasha Balashov (born 1960), Russian historian and art critic

Victor Balashov (1924–2021), Russian radio and television presenter

Vitaliy Balashov (born 1991), Ukrainian football player

Yuri Balashov (born 1949), Russian chess player

Viktor Balashov
Viktor Ivanovich Balashov (Russian: Виктор Иванович Балашов; 24 December 1924 – 23 June 2021) was a Soviet and Russian radio and television presenter. He was best known as the host for the USSR Union Radio, from 1944. From 1947 to 1991 he worked for the Soviet Central Television and its Russian successor. In 1997 he was awarded the People's Artist of Russia. Balashov was a veteran of the Second World War and was a member of the Red Army.

Balashov was also the Master of Sports of the USSR in Sambo and coached Anatoly Kharlampiyev. He also performed as a voice actor in documentaries and feature films.

He died on 23 June 2021 at the age of 96.
Nonsense rat
The nonsense rat, Nicobar Archipelago rat or Miller's Nicobar rat (Rattus burrus) is endemic to the Nicobar Islands in India. It lives on Great Nicobar, Little Nicobar, and Trinket islands. On Car Nicobar Island, Rattus palmarum and Rattus anadamanensis live instead.

The species was first described in 1902 by Miller, who placed it in the genus Mus. Today it is classified in the genus Rattus. The origin of the name "nonsense rat" is uncertain, as Miller did not provide a common name in his original description. More recent sources, such as the IUCN, include it.

Car Nicobar
Car Nicobar (Pū in Car language) is the northernmost of the Nicobar Islands.  It is also one of three local administrative divisions of the Indian district of Nicobar, part of the Indian union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Annual rainfall is 2,800 millimetres or 110 inches.
1974 US Open – Men's doubles
Owen Davidson and John Newcombe were the defending champions, but competed this year with different partners. Davidson teamed up with Ken Rosewall and lost in second round to Anand Amritraj and Vijay Amritraj, while Newcombe teamed up with Tony Roche and lost in semifinals to tournament runners-up Patricio Cornejo and Jaime Fillol.

Bob Lutz and Stan Smith won the title by defeating Patricio Cornejo and Jaime Fillol 6–3, 6–3 in the final.

Anand Amritraj
Anand Amritraj (born 20 March 1951) is an Indian former tennis player and businessman. He, along with brother Vijay Amritraj, led India into the 1974 Davis Cup finals against South Africa, and was a part of the Indian team captained by Vijay Amritraj which reached the final of the Davis Cup in 1987 against Sweden.
60th General Assembly of Nova Scotia
60th General Assembly of Nova Scotia represented Nova Scotia from 2006 to 2009. Its membership was determined in the 2006 Nova Scotia election. The Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia led by Rodney MacDonald formed a minority government.

The first session met from June 29, 2006 to July 14, 2006, October 30, 2006 to November 23, 2006, January 8, 2006 to January 11, 2006, March 19, 2007 to April 13, 2007 and October 27, 2007 to November 22, 2007.

The second session met from November 22, 2007 to December 13, 2007, April 24, 2008 to May 27, 2008, October 30, 2008 to November 25, 2008, and May 1, 2009 to May 5, 2009, when the government was defeated on a money bill.

Rodney MacDonald
Rodney Joseph MacDonald (born January 2, 1972) is a Canadian politician, educator and musician who served as the 26th premier of Nova Scotia from 2006 to 2009 and as MLA for the riding of Inverness in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1999 to 2009.