hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Polygonal modeling
In 3D computer graphics, polygonal modeling is an approach for modeling objects by representing or approximating their surfaces using polygon meshes. Polygonal modeling is well suited to scanline rendering and is therefore the method of choice for real-time computer graphics.  Alternate methods of representing 3D objects include NURBS surfaces, subdivision surfaces, and equation-based (implicit surface) representations used in ray tracers.

Surface (topology)
In topology, a surface is a two-dimensional manifold. Some surfaces arise as the boundaries of three-dimensional solid figures; for example, the sphere is the boundary of the solid ball. Other surfaces arise as graphs of functions of two variables; see the figure at right. However, surfaces can also be defined abstractly, without reference to any ambient space. For example, the Klein bottle is a surface that cannot be embedded in three-dimensional Euclidean space.

Topological surfaces are sometimes equipped with additional information, such as a Riemannian metric or a complex structure, that connects them to other disciplines within mathematics, such as differential geometry and complex analysis. The various mathematical notions of surface can be used to model surfaces in the physical world.
Ultimax 100
The Ultimax 100 is a Singapore-made 5.56mm light machine gun, developed by the Chartered Industries of Singapore (CIS, now ST Kinetics) by a team of engineers under the guidance of American firearms designer L. James Sullivan. The weapon is extremely accurate due to its constant-recoil operating system and is one of the lightest machine guns in the world.

Work on a new light support weapon for the Singapore Army began in 1978. The weapon is produced by CIS (presently STK—Singapore Technologies Kinetics), initially in the Mark 1 version, later—the Mark 2, and currently, in  the Mark 3 and Mark 4 variant. The Ultimax 100 (also called the U 100) is used in significant numbers by the armed forces of Singapore, Croatia and the Philippines. The Mark 3 variant is currently used in the Singapore Armed Forces primarily as a support arm, and is both classified and known by soldiers as the SAW (Squad Automatic Weapon).

STANAG magazine
A STANAG magazine or NATO magazine is a type of detachable firearm magazine proposed by NATO in October 1980. Shortly after NATO's acceptance of the 5.56×45mm NATO rifle cartridge, Draft Standardization Agreement (STANAG) 4179 was proposed in order to allow NATO members to easily share rifle ammunition and magazines down to the individual soldier level. The U.S. M16 rifle's magazine proportions were proposed for standardization. Many NATO members, but not all, subsequently developed or purchased rifles with the ability to accept this type of magazine. However, the standard was never ratified and remains a "Draft STANAG".
Javivi
Javier Gil Valle, also known as Javivi, (born June 20, 1961 in Hervás, Province of Cáceres), is a Spanish actor.

When he was a child, he lived in France and he went later to Madrid, where he studied secondary education and sociology. He worked as a social worker in Madrid Council and he later went back to Paris where he received a Ph.D. degree in Sorbonne. In 1994, he went back to Spain, and he started a career as an actor with Inocente, Inocente. His name Javivi is because of his stuttering.

Hervás
Hervás (Spanish pronunciation: [eɾˈβas]; Extremaduran: Ervás) is a Spanish town in the north of the province of Cáceres. It had 3,907 inhabitants in 2023. It is 120 km from Cáceres and 90 km far from Salamanca. It is the capital of the Valle de Ambroz comarca in the Ambroz River valley. It has a soft continental climate.
2021 MercedesCup
The 2021 MercedesCup was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 43rd edition of the Stuttgart Open, and part of the ATP Tour 250 series of the 2021 ATP Tour. It was held at the Tennis Club Weissenhof in Stuttgart, Germany, from 8 June until 13 June 2021. Unseeded Marin Čilić won the singles title.

Dominik Koepfer
Dominik Koepfer (born 29 April 1994), also spelled Köpfer, is a German inactive professional tennis player. He achieved a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 49 on 4 March 2024, and a doubles ranking of No. 69 on 24 June 2024. He played college tennis at Tulane University.
Ventsislav K. Valev
Ventsislav K. Valev, (born 31 August 1976 in Silistra, Bulgaria), is a Bulgarian physicist at the University of Bath, where he served as the Head of Department (2022-2025). He works in the fields of nonlinear nanophotonics and chirality, including the Hyper Rayleigh Scattering Optical Activity effect.

Nanophotonics
Nanophotonics or nano-optics is the study of the behavior of light on the nanometer scale, and of the interaction of nanometer-scale objects with light. It is a  branch of optics, optical engineering, electrical engineering, and nanotechnology. It often involves dielectric structures such as nanoantennas, or metallic components, which can transport and focus light via surface plasmon polaritons.

The term "nano-optics", just like the term "optics", usually refers to situations involving ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared light (free-space wavelengths from 300 to 1200 nanometers).
John Stalker (footballer)
John Alexander Hastie Inglis Stalker (born 12 March 1959) is a Scottish former footballer who played as a forward. He began his senior career in England with Leicester City, but moved on to Darlington, for whom he scored 36 goals from 116 appearances in the Football League. After a short spell with Hartlepool United, Stalker returned to his native Scotland, where he played in the Scottish League for Meadowbank Thistle and East Fife before moving into junior football with Penicuik Athletic and Newtongrange Star.

Newtongrange Star F.C.
Newtongrange Star Football Club is a Scottish football club based in the village of Newtongrange, Midlothian. The home ground is New Victoria Park. The facility includes an enclosed pitch with full floodlighting, covered enclosure, changing rooms, with a separate social club. The club also runs an actively used 7-a-side all-weather pitch, also floodlit.
Saint-Pierre-sur-Doux
Saint-Pierre-sur-Doux (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ pjɛʁ syʁ du], literally Saint-Pierre on Doux; Vivaro-Alpine: Sant Pèire) is a commune in the Ardèche department in southern France. It lies on the river Doux.

Ardèche
Ardèche (French pronunciation: [aʁdɛʃ] ⓘ; Occitan: Ardecha, pronounced [aɾˈdet͡ʃɔ]; Arpitan: Ardecha) is a department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Southeastern France. It is named after the river Ardèche and had a population of 328,278 as of 2019. Its prefecture is in Privas, but its largest city is Annonay.
Jean Langhorne
Jean Langhorne is a British biologist who is a group leader at the Francis Crick Institute. Langhorne has studied immune responses to malaria and Plasmodium falciparum. She was awarded the 2016 EMBO-BioMalPar Lifetime Achievement Award for her work on malaria immunology. She is Associate Editor of PLOS Pathogens and on the Advisory Board of Trends in Immunology.

Francis Crick Institute
The Francis Crick Institute (formerly the UK Centre for Medical Research and Innovation) is a biomedical research centre in London, which was established in 2010 and opened in 2016. The institute is a partnership between Cancer Research UK, Imperial College London, King's College London (KCL), the Medical Research Council, University College London (UCL) and the Wellcome Trust. The institute has 1,500 staff, including 1,250 scientists, and an annual budget of over £100 million, making it the biggest single
biomedical laboratory in Europe.

The institute is named after the molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist Francis Crick, co-discoverer of the structure of DNA, who shared the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with James Watson and Maurice Wilkins. Unofficially, the Crick has been called Sir Paul's Cathedral, a reference to Sir Paul Nurse and St Paul's Cathedral in London.
Mini Mansions
Mini Mansions are an American band founded by Zach Dawes, Tyler Parkford, and Queens of the Stone Age bassist Michael Shuman. Mini Mansions' style has been compared to The Beatles, Elliott Smith, and Fountains of Wayne (though this comparison has drawn some criticism from Michael Shuman of the band).

Fountains of Wayne
Fountains of Wayne is an American rock band that formed in New York City in 1995. The band's lineup for the majority of its career was founding members Chris Collingwood and Adam Schlesinger, with Jody Porter and Brian Young who joined after the band's first album. The band, best known for the Grammy-nominated song "Stacy's Mom," released six albums from 1996 to 2011 before effectively disbanding in 2013.

Schlesinger died of complications from COVID-19 on April 1, 2020. The surviving members of Fountains of Wayne played an online benefit concert that month as a tribute to Schlesinger, and reunited again for shows in 2025.
Muthuchippikal
Muthuchippikal is a 1980 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Hariharan and produced by C. Das. The film stars Madhu, Srividya, Hari and Sankaradi in the lead roles. The film has musical score by K. J. Joy.

Hariharan (director)
Hariharan is an Indian film director who has directed over 50 Malayalam films. His movies mainly revolve around the cultural and relational aspects of a typical Keralite society. His most notable works include  Sharapancharam (1979), Panchagni (1986), Idavazhiyile Poocha Mindappoocha (1979), Amrutham Gamaya (1987), Oru Vadakkan Veeragatha (1989), Sargam (1992), Parinayam (1994) and Pazhassi Raja (2009) which has won him wide critical acclaim. In 2019, he was awarded the J. C. Daniel Award, Kerala government's highest honour for contributions to Malayalam cinema.
Biswajit Dasgupta
Vice Admiral Biswajit Dasgupta, PVSM, AVSM, YSM, VSM is a retired officer of the Indian Navy. He served as the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Eastern Naval Command. He had earlier served as the Chief of Staff of ENC from 2020 to 2021, Controller of Personnel Services at Naval HQ from 2019 to 2020 and as the Flag Officer Commanding Eastern Fleet (FOCEF) from 2016 to 2018.

Param Vishisht Seva Medal
Param Vishisht Seva Medal (PVSM) (IAST: Parama Viśiṣṭa Sēvā, lit. 'Supreme Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India. It is the highest peacetime medal of the Indian Armed Forces, and is awarded for "distinguished service of the most exceptional order." The medal is awarded for "distinguished service rendered by personnel of the Armed Forces."

All ranks of the Armed Forces, including Territorial Army, Auxiliary and Reserve forces, Nursing officers and other members of the Nursing services and other lawfully constituted Armed Forces are eligible for the medal, which may be awarded multiple times as well as posthumously.
The Two Ronnies 1987 Christmas Special
The Two Ronnies 1987 Christmas Special was first broadcast on BBC1 on Christmas Day 1987 as part of the 12th series of the show starring Ronnie Barker and Ronnie Corbett, being also their last outing as Barker decided to retire from showbiz.

Elton John was the show's musical guest, singing Candle In the Wind before its general release. The show climaxed with the Pinocchio II: Killer Doll sketch, a parody of the slasher films popular at the time; this sketch alone featured Lynda Baron (Barker's Open All Hours co-star), Sandra Dickinson, Alfred Marks, Denis Quilley, Frank Finlay and a cameo from American movie star Charlton Heston.

At the time the special aired, no one except Corbett knew about Barker's decision to retire, mostly influenced by concerns over his own health: The deaths of fellow comedians Richard Beckinsale (with whom he starred in Porridge) in 1979 and Eric Morecambe in 1984 reportedly frightened him.

Alfred Marks
Alfred Edward Marks (born Alfred Edward Touchinsky; 28 January 1921 – 1 July 1996) was a British actor and comedian. In his 60-year career, he played dramatic and comedy roles in numerous television programmes, stage shows and films. His self-titled television sketch show ran from 1956 to 1961.
The Polytechnic, Ibadan
The Polytechnic, Ibadan (also called Poly Ibadan) is an institution of higher learning in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Founded in August 1970, Poly Ibadan is similar to other polytechnics in Nigeria. The institution was founded to offer an alternative form of higher education, with a specific focus on acquiring technical skills distinct from traditional universities.. The vocational and skills acquisition center aims to guarantee that students acquire mastery in a skill before graduating, while also offering skills training to the local community. Poly Ibadan is also well known for its unique slogan written in Yoruba language as Ise loogun ise which means "Work is the antidote for poverty", a classical Yoruba adage  which stresses that hard work is the way out of poverty.

Slogan
A slogan is a memorable motto or phrase used in a clan or a political, commercial, religious, or other context as a repetitive expression of an idea or purpose, with the goal of persuading members of the public or a more defined target group. The Oxford Dictionary of English defines a slogan as "a short and striking or memorable phrase used in advertising". A slogan usually has the attributes of being memorable, very concise and appealing to the audience.
Gorgeous (Doja Cat song)
"Gorgeous" is a song by American singer Doja Cat from her fifth album Vie. Originally released as a track from the album by Kemosabe and RCA Records, it was sent to Italian radio airplay through Sony Italy on October 10, 2025, as the album's second single.

Airplay
Airplay is how frequently a song is being played through broadcasting on radio stations. A song which is being played several times every day (spins) would have a significant amount of airplay. Music which became very popular on jukeboxes, in nightclubs and at discotheques between the 1940s and 1960s would also have airplay.
2010 USTA Challenger of Oklahoma
The 2010 USTA Challenger of Oklahoma was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 18th edition of the tournament which is part of the 2010 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Tulsa, United States between 13 and 19 September 2010.

Fritz Wolmarans
Fritz Wolmarans (born 7 March 1986) is a former professional South African tennis player.

Wolmarans has a career high ATP singles ranking of 198 achieved on 16 May 2011.

He also played for the South Africa Davis Cup team.
Sheffield-Simplex
Sheffield-Simplex was a British car and motorcycle manufacturer operating from 1907 to 1920 based in Sheffield, Yorkshire, and Kingston upon Thames, Surrey.

The company received financial backing from aristocrat and coal magnate Earl Fitzwilliam. The first few cars were made by Peter Brotherhood and were a continuation of the Brotherhood-Crocker cars made in London in which Earl Fitzwilliam had been an investor. Stanley Brotherhood sold the London site in 1905 and moved his Peter Brotherhood business to Peterborough, near Fitzwilliam's second seat at Milton Park. He could not get permission to build a car factory in Peterborough so the Earl suggested a move to Sheffield where Stanley Brotherhood built a new factory in Tinsley a few miles south of Wentworth-Woodhouse, the Fitzwilliam family seat.

William Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 7th Earl Fitzwilliam
William "Billy" Charles de Meuron Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 7th Earl Fitzwilliam, KCVO, CBE, DSO (25 July 1872 – 15 February 1943), styled Viscount Milton from 1877 to 1902, was a British Army officer, nobleman, politician, and aristocrat.
Octave Terrienne
Octave Marie Terrienne MSC (9 September 1902 – 4 March 1994) was the Roman Catholic bishop of the apostolic vicariate of the Gilbert Islands from 1937 until 1961, when Pierre Guichet succeeded him.

He was bishop of Menelaites (a titular see) from 1938 to 1961 as Vicar Apostolic of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands. After building there the biggest church of the colony in 1936, Bishop Terrienne established the vicariate see in Tanaeang, on North Tabiteuea, instead of Ocean Island, headquarters of the British Colony, or Tarawa, the former capital, where it was transferred at the end of 1950s.

He was ordained Priest on 27 January 1929 and consecrated Bishop on 25 June 1938 at Nantes Cathedral. He was then the youngest Roman Catholic bishop at only 36.

Tarawa
Tarawa is an atoll and the capital of the Republic of Kiribati, in the Micronesia region of the central Pacific Ocean. It comprises North Tarawa, which has 6,629 inhabitants and much in common with other more remote islands of the Gilbert group, and South Tarawa, which has 56,388 inhabitants as of 2015, half of the country's total population. The atoll was the site of the Battle of Tarawa during World War II.
Kazakhstani passport
Kazakh passports (Kazakh: қазақстан төлқұжаты, romanized: qazaqstan tölqujatı) are issued to citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan to facilitate international travel. Within the Republic of Kazakhstan citizens are required to use internal Kazakh identity card which can also be used for travel to the Russian Federation, Kyrgyzstan and Albania. The Kazakh Ministry of Justice started issuing biometric passports on 5 January 2009.

Kazakh alphabets
The Kazakh language was written mainly in four scripts at various points of time – Old Turkic, Cyrillic, Latin, and Arabic – each having a distinct alphabet. The Arabic script is used in Iran, Afghanistan, and China, while the Cyrillic script is used in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Mongolia. In October 2017, a presidential decree in Kazakhstan ordered a transition from the Cyrillic to Latin script to be implemented by 2025. In January 2021, the target year for finishing the transition was pushed back to 2031.
Lethrinus borbonicus
Lethrinus borbonicus, the snubnose emperor, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperor breams and emperors. This species is found in the Western Indian Ocean and is of some importance to commercial fisheries in that region.

Lethrinidae
Lethrinidae are a family of ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Spariformes commonly known as emperors, emperor breams, and pigface breams.

These fish are found in tropical waters of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and Lethrinus atlanticus is also found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. They are benthic feeders, consuming invertebrates and small fishes. Some species have molariform teeth which they use to eat shelled invertebrates, such as molluscs and crabs.
RIS Swiss Section
Ruamrudee International School Swiss Section (Thai: โรงเรียนนานาชาติร่วมฤดีวิเทศศึกษา แผนกสวิส, RTGS: Rong Rian Nana Chat Ruam Ruedi Withet Sueksa Phanaek Sawit), also known as Swiss School Bangkok (German: Schweizerschule Bangkok) or Deutschsprachige Schule Bangkok (DsSB), is a private not-for-profit international school operating under Ruamrudee International School in Minburi, Bangkok, Thailand. It offers grades from pre-kindergarten to grade 12 with a combined Swiss and German curriculum. The school currently has about 310 students. It is recognized by Germany and Switzerland as an official School Abroad, and it is subsidized by both countries’ governments.

Pre-kindergarten
Pre-kindergarten (also called pre-K or PK) is a voluntary classroom-based preschool program for children below the age of five in the United States, Canada, Turkey and Greece (when kindergarten starts). It may be delivered through a preschool or within a reception year in elementary school. Pre-kindergartens play an important role in early childhood education. They have existed in the US since 1922, normally run by private organizations. The U.S. Head Start program, the country's first federally funded pre-kindergarten program, was founded in 1967. This attempts to prepare children (especially disadvantaged children) to succeed in school.
Akai S1000
The Akai S1000 is a 16-bit, 44.1 kHz professional stereo digital sampler, released by Akai in 1988. The S1000 was among the first professional-quality 16-bit stereo samplers. Its abilities to splice, crossfade, trim, and loop sound in 16-bit CD quality made it popular among producers in the late 80s through to the mid 90s.  The S1000 used 24-bit internal processing, had digital filters and an effects send and return, and came with 2MB of RAM (expandable to 8MB, and 32MB after the introduction of the EXM008 RAM boards for the S1100 in 1990).

Version 2.0 of the S1000's operating system introduced primitive timestretching, allowing a sound's pitch and length to be altered independently of one another.  Far from seamless, this distinctive sound became popular in its own right, featured on songs such as "Higher State of Consciousness" and "RipGroove".

44,100 Hz
In digital audio, 44,100 Hz (alternately represented as 44.1 kHz) is a common sampling frequency. Analog audio is often recorded by sampling it 44,100 times per second, and then these samples are used to reconstruct the audio signal when playing it back.

The 44.1 kHz audio sampling rate is widely used due to the compact disc (CD) format, dating back to its use by Sony from 1979.
R. S. Tennekoon
Roland Stephen Tennekoon was an elected member of both the 1st and 2nd State Councils of Ceylon.

Roland Stephen Tennekoon attended Trinity College, Kandy, where in 1904 he was awarded Ryde Gold Medal, as the "best all-round boy" at the school.

Tennekoon, a proctor, was elected to the State Council on 20 June 1931, representing Katugampola as a member of the Labour Party.

On 3 March 1936, following his successful re-election to the State Council he was elected as Deputy Chairman of Committees.

Tennekoon was married to Tissy (who served as chairperson of Kuliyapitiya Town Council) and had two children, a son - Roland Jr. and a daughter - Kuma.

Proctor
Proctor (a variant of procurator) is a person who takes charge of, or acts for, another.

The title is used in England and some other English-speaking countries in three principal contexts:

In law, a proctor is a historical class of lawyers, and the King's (or Queen's) Proctor is a senior government lawyer.

In religion, a proctor represents the clergy in Church of England dioceses.

In education, proctor is the name of university officials in certain universities.

In the United States and some other countries, the word "proctor" is frequently used to describe someone who supervises an examination (i.e. a supervisor or invigilator).
Little Church Around the Corner (film)
The Little Church Around the Corner, or simply Little Church Around the Corner, is a 1923 American drama film directed by William A. Seiter and written by Olga Printzlau. The film stars Claire Windsor, Kenneth Harlan, Hobart Bosworth, Pauline Starke, Walter Long, and Cyril Chadwick. The film was released by Warner Bros. in March 1923.

Olga Printzlau
Olga Printzlau (December 13, 1891 – July 8, 1962) was an American screenwriter. She wrote for more than 60 films between 1915 and 1933. She also wrote a play, Window Panes, which was staged in Los Angeles in 1928, and won praise from the Los Angeles Times. She was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and died in Hollywood, California , from a heart attack.