hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Georg Christian Adler
Georg Christian Adler (May 6, 1734 – November 2, 1804) was a German scholar.

Adler was born in Brandenburg, and studied theology at the University of Halle. In 1755, he was appointed preacher (prediger) in Arnis, Schleswig; in 1758 in Sarau; and in 1759 in Altona. He remained in Altona, where he became provost in 1791, and died in 1804.

He was interested in Roman antiquities, and published a book on the subject by Maternus de Cilano in 1775, in addition to writing several of his own. His major works are Ausführliche Beschreibung der Stadt Rom (1781–82, 4 vols.), on the city of Rome; Nachricht von den pontinischen Sümpfen (1784), on the Pontine Marshes; and an edition of the writings of Sextus Julius Frontinus (1792).

His son, Jacob Georg Christian Adler, was also a noted scholar.

Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (German: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg), also referred to as MLU, is a public research university in the cities of Halle and Wittenberg. It is the largest and oldest university in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. MLU offers German and international (English) courses leading to academic degrees such as BA, BSc, MA, MSc, doctoral degrees, and habilitation.

The university was created in 1817 through the merger of the University of Wittenberg (founded in 1502) and the University of Halle (founded in 1694). MLU is named after Protestant reformer Martin Luther, who was a professor in Wittenberg. Today, the university campus is located in Halle, while  Leucorea Foundation in Wittenberg serves as MLU's convention centre.
Call of Egypt
The Call of Egypt (Arabic: نداء مصر, romanized: Nidaa Misr) is an electoral alliance in Egypt that competed in the 2015 Egyptian parliamentary election. The coalition has accused the Nour Party of cooperating with NDP-era tycoon Ahmed Ezz in the run up to the 2015 Egyptian parliamentary election, though the Nour Party has denied the claim. The Revolutionary Guards Party, after initially joining the alliance in February 2015, decided to run for the election on its own. The coalition is seen as being supportive of current president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi.

Ahmed Ezz (businessman)
Ahmed Ezz (Arabic: أحمد عز; born 12 January 1959) is an Egyptian businessman and one-time politician, the owner of Ezz Steel and the former chairman of Egypt's national assembly's budget committee. He was also the organizational secretary of the  National Democratic Party of Egypt (NDP).
Guided-mode resonance
Guided-mode resonance or waveguide-mode resonance is a phenomenon wherein the guided modes of an optical waveguide can be excited and simultaneously extracted by the introduction of a phase-matching element, such as a diffraction grating or prism. Such guided modes are also called "leaky modes", as they do not remain guided, and have been observed in one and two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs.

Normal mode
A normal mode of a dynamical system is a pattern of motion in which all parts of the system move sinusoidally with the same frequency and with a fixed phase relation.  The free motion described by the normal modes takes place at fixed frequencies.  These fixed frequencies of the normal modes of a system are known as its natural frequencies or resonant frequencies.  A physical object, such as a building, bridge, or molecule, has a set of normal modes and their natural frequencies that depend on its structure, materials and boundary conditions.

The most general motion of a linear system is a superposition of its normal modes. The modes are "normal" in the sense that they move independently. An excitation of one mode will never cause excitation of a different mode. In mathematical terms, normal modes are orthogonal to each other.
Northeim Lake District
Northeim Lake District is a series of lakes near Northeim, Lower Saxony.

It has its origin in gravel extraction by open-pit mining. Digging for gravel began in 1852 in order to build the Royal Hanoverian State Railways. After World War II mining was intensified. Gravel that is found there is composed of greywacke, radiolarite and sand.

It is located where the Rhume river flows into the Leine river. Highway 3 crosses the Federal Motorway 7 there as well. The site is also crossed by the Leine-Heide Cycle Path.

It is now a recreation area. Persons can use the lakes for swimming, diving, windsurfing or sailing.

The area is also a conservation area in order to protect the birds that breed there like the great crested grebe, water rail, yellow wagtail or the Eurasian reed warbler.

Western yellow wagtail
The western yellow wagtail (Motacilla flava) is a small passerine bird in the wagtail family Motacillidae, which also includes the pipits and longclaws. This species breeds in much of temperate Europe and Asia. Most populations are migratory, moving south to tropical Africa and southern Asia for the winter; the small population breeding in Egypt is however resident there.

It is a slender 15–16 cm long bird, with the characteristic long, constantly wagging tail of its genus. It is the shortest tailed of the European wagtails. The breeding adult male is basically olive above and yellow below. In other plumages, particularly in juveniles, the yellow may be diluted to whitish. The heads of breeding males come in a variety of colours and patterns depending on subspecies. The call is a high-pitched jeet. This insectivorous bird inhabits open country near water, such as wet meadows. It nests in tussocks, laying 4–8 speckled eggs.
Mexibús
Mexibús is a bus rapid transit (BRT) system that is located in the Greater Mexico City part of the State of Mexico, which surrounds Mexico City proper.

It is operated by Transmasivo S.A. (Lines I and IV), Transcomunicador S.A. (Line II), and Red de Transporte de Oriente S.A. de C.V. (Line III). As of March 2024, there are four lines with a total length of 87 kilometres (54 mi) and 161 stations located in Ecatepec, Tecámac, Nezahualcóyotl, Chimalhuacán, Chicoloapan, Coacalco, Tultitlán, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Eastern Tlalnepantla, and Zumpango, all in the State of Mexico, and four stations in Mexico City proper in the Venustiano Carranza and Gustavo A. Madero boroughs.

Coacalco de Berriozábal
Coacalco de Berriozábal (Spanish pronunciationⓘ; simply known as Coacalco) is one of 125 municipalities in the State of Mexico, Mexico. The municipal seat is the city of San Francisco Coacalco.  The municipality lies in the Greater Mexico City conurbation, north of Mexico City. The municipal seat is San Francisco Coacalco and the municipality is named after Felipe Berriozábal (1829–1900), a Mexican politician and military leader.

The word Coacalco comes from the Nahuatl cōātl ("snake"), calli ("home"), and the suffix -co ("at"), thus meaning "at the house of the snake", a name that was first recorded in 1320.
Auditory masking
In audio signal processing, auditory masking occurs when the perception of one sound is affected by the presence of another sound.

Auditory masking in the frequency domain is known as simultaneous masking, frequency masking or spectral masking. Auditory masking in the time domain is known as temporal masking or non-simultaneous masking.

Audio signal processing
Audio signal processing is a subfield of signal processing that is concerned with the electronic manipulation of audio signals. Audio signals are electronic representations of sound waves—longitudinal waves which travel through air, consisting of compressions and rarefactions. The energy contained in audio signals or sound power level is typically measured in decibels.  As audio signals may be represented in either digital or analog format, processing may occur in either domain.  Analog processors operate directly on the electrical signal, while digital processors operate mathematically on its digital representation.
Coyote Creek (San Gabriel River tributary)
Coyote Creek is a principal tributary of the San Gabriel River in northwest Orange County and southeast Los Angeles County, California. It drains a land area of roughly 41.3 square miles (107 km2) covering nine major cities, including Brea, Buena Park, Cerritos, Fullerton, Hawaiian Gardens, La Habra, Lakewood, La Palma, and Long Beach.

Some major tributaries of the creek in the highly urbanized watershed include Brea Creek, Fullerton Creek, and Carbon Creek. The mostly-flat creek basin is separated by a series of low mountains, and is bounded by several small mountain ranges, including the Chino Hills, Puente Hills, and West Coyote Hills.

Hawaiian Gardens, California
Hawaiian Gardens is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. It is the smallest city in the county in area (approximately 1.0 mi2) and was incorporated on April 9, 1964. The population was 14,149 at the 2020 census, down slightly from 14,254 at the 2010 census.

The city's unusual name originated with a 1920s refreshment stand that was decorated with palm fronds and bamboo. It was the then-rural area's main landmark for many years, and its name stuck as the small town grew up around it. As one of seven Los Angeles County cities that allow casino gambling, more than $9.2 million (65%) of the city's revenue comes from the Gardens Casino.
The Shops at Ledgewood Commons
Ledgewood Commons is a shopping plaza in the Ledgewood, section of Roxbury, New Jersey, United States. Its anchors are Walmart, Burlington, and Marshalls. It is an outdoor shopping plaza with a gross leasable area of 448,000 sq ft (41,600 m2) The site covers 51.6 acres (20.9 ha) and has 2,223 parking spaces. From the mall's opening in 1972 until 2016, it was branded Ledgewood Mall as a 518,246-square-foot (48,147 m2) enclosed mall.

Five Below
Five Below, Inc. is an American chain of specialty discount gift shops that prices most of its products at up to $5, plus a smaller assortment of products priced up to $40. Founded in 2002 by Tom Vellios and David Schlessinger and headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the chain is aimed at tweens and teens. By 2014, there were more than 1,850 stores located across the United States.
Kelham Hall
Kelham Hall is a country house designed by George Gilbert Scott. It is in the village of Kelham, Nottinghamshire, England.

It is protected as a Grade I listed building. 
It stands in 52 acres of parkland. The "Former monastic buildings and chapel", adjoining Kelham Hall, which "had been converted to offices and function room", have been Grade II listed since 1990.

Duke of Rutland
Duke of Rutland is a title in the Peerage of England, named after Rutland, a county in the East Midlands of England. Earldoms named after Rutland have been created three times; the ninth earl of the third creation was made duke in 1703, in whose family's line the title continues.  The heir apparent to the dukedom has the privilege of using the courtesy title of Marquess of Granby.
McNulty
McNulty is an Irish surname. It is derived from the Gaelic Mac an Ultaigh meaning "son of the Ulsterman". Usually considered a branch of the Ulaid ruling dynasty of Mac Duinnshléibhe (MacDonlevy), a branch of Dál Fiatach, who fled Ulaid to Ailech after the former's conquest in 1177 by the Normans. DNA analysis points to descent from other Ulaid families as well. After the Battle of Kinsale in 1602, some McDonlevys and McNultys migrated to the province of Connacht where their name is now also common.

Siege of Kinsale
The siege of Kinsale (Irish: Léigear Chionn tSáile), also known as the battle of Kinsale, was the ultimate battle in England's conquest of Gaelic Ireland, commencing in October 1601, near the end of the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, and at the climax of the Nine Years' War—a campaign by Hugh O'Neill, Hugh Roe O'Donnell and other Irish lords against English rule.

Owing to Spanish involvement and the strategic advantages to be gained, the battle also formed part of the Anglo-Spanish War, the wider conflict of Protestant England against Catholic Spain.
Owens Center
The Owens Center is a multi-purpose ice arena and recreational facility located in Peoria, Illinois. The Owens Center is a part of the Peoria Park District.

It is the home of the Peoria Mustangs of the North American 3 Hockey League (NA3HL), Robert Morris–Peoria Eagles men's hockey team of the American Collegiate Hockey Association (ACHA), and the Bradley Braves club hockey team. In addition to sports, the Owens Center is available for birthday parties, events, and public ice skating.

American Collegiate Hockey Association
The American Collegiate Hockey Association (ACHA) is a college ice hockey association. The ACHA's purpose is to be an organization of collegiate affiliated programs, which provides structure, regulates operations, and promotes quality in collegiate ice hockey. The ACHA currently has three men's and two women's divisions and includes approximately 450 teams from across the United States and Canada. Most ACHA teams offer few athletic scholarships and typically receive far less university funding. The ACHA offers an opportunity for college hockey programs that struggle with large budgets and Title IX issues, as an alternative to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) financial structure.
Diogo Ganchinho
Diogo Ganchinho (born 12 September 1987) is a Portuguese trampoline gymnast. He represented Portugal at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China and at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom.

In 2008, he finished in 11th place in the qualification round in the men's trampoline event. In 2012 he finished in 15th place in the qualification round in this event at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

In 2009, he competed in the men's synchronized trampoline at the 2009 World Games held in Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

In 2019, he represented Portugal at the 2019 European Games and he won the bronze medal in the men's trampoline event.

Trampolining
Trampolining or trampoline gymnastics is a competitive Olympic sport in which athletes perform acrobatics while bouncing on a trampoline. In competition, these can include simple jumps in the straight, pike, tuck, or straddle position to more complex combinations of forward and/or backward somersaults and twists. Scoring is based on the difficulty and on the total seconds spent in the air; points are deducted for bad form and horizontal displacement from the center of the bed.

Outside of the Olympics, competitions are referred to as gym sport, trampoline gymnastics, or gymnastics, which includes the events of trampoline, synchronised trampoline, double mini trampoline and tumbling.
The Riverboat Gamblers
Riverboat Gamblers is an American punk rock band originally from Denton, Texas, formed in 1997, now residing in Austin, Texas. The band's current line-up comprises vocalist Mike Wiebe, guitarist/voc Fadi El-Assad, guitarist/voc Ian MacDougall, bassist Rob Marchant, and drummer Sam Keir.

Self-publishing
Self-publishing is an author-driven publication of any media without the involvement of a third-party publisher. Since the advent of the internet, self-publishing usually depends on digital platforms and print-on-demand technology, ranging from physical books to eBooks. Examples include magazines, print-on-demand books, music albums, pamphlets, brochures, video games, video content, artwork, zines, and web fiction. Self-publishing is an alternative to traditional publishing that has implications for production, cost and revenue, distribution, and public perception.
Super Inday and the Golden Bibe (2010 film)
Super Inday and the Golden Bibe (lit. 'Super Missy and the Golden Duck') is a 2010 superhero fantasy-comedy film film directed by Mike Tuviera and starring Marian Rivera as Super Inday and John Lapus as the Golden Bibe. Produced by Regal Entertainment and Regal Multimedia, Inc and distributed by GMA Pictures. The film is a remake of the 1988 film starring Maricel Soriano and Ice Seguerra an official entry to 36th Metro Manila Film Festival and was released on December 25, 2010.

Ice Seguerra
Ice Seguerra (born Cariza Yamson Seguerra; 17 September  1983), formerly Aiza Seguerra, is a Filipino actor, singer-songwriter, director and guitarist.

Initially coming out as a lesbian in 2007, Seguerra also came out as a transgender man in 2014. On 12 August 2016, Seguerra was appointed by President Rodrigo Duterte as Chairperson of the National Youth Commission.
Sutton (CDP), Vermont
Sutton is the primary village and a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Sutton, Caledonia County, Vermont, United States. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.

The village is in northern Caledonia County, in the southern part of the town of Sutton. It sits on a hillside draining southward to Calendar Brook, a southeast-flowing tributary of the West Branch of the Passumpsic River, part of the Connecticut River watershed.

The village is 1.8 miles (2.9 km) south of U.S. Route 5 at the locale known as Sutton Station, and it is 8 miles (13 km) north of Lyndonville.

Passumpsic River
The Passumpsic River (/pəˈsʌmpsɪk/) is a 22.7-mile-long (36.5 km) tributary of the Connecticut River, in Vermont. Though primarily a Caledonia County river, it is the only river to flow through all three counties of the Northeast Kingdom.
1927 Raglan by-election
The Raglan by-election of 1927 was a by-election held in the Raglan electorate during the 22nd New Zealand Parliament, on 29 September 1927. It was caused by the death of incumbent MP Richard Bollard of the Reform Party. Despite being a local contest it quickly became a national contest in miniature due to growing discontent with the Reform Government.

Richard Bollard
Richard Francis Bollard (23 May 1863 – 25 August 1927) was a farmer and New Zealand politician of the Reform Party. He represented the Raglan electorate from 1911 to 1927, when he died. As Minister of Internal Affairs, he was a cabinet minister from 1923 to 1927 in the Reform Government.

He was reported making speeches and opening events and buildings; in 1912 farewelling the local publican, in 1914 opening Matangi post office, in 1915 opening the Winter Show of the Raglan A. and P. Association and opening  Whatawhata post office. As Minister for Internal Affairs he opened Te Uku post office and Te Hutewai School in 1924, Raglan footbridge in 1926 and in 1924 was reported as making three calls one day and two the next, in between catching the train from Auckland to Wellington.

Bollard was the eldest son of John Bollard, also a Member of Parliament.
William P. Hepburn
William Peters Hepburn (November 4, 1833 – February 7, 1916) was an American Civil War officer and an eleven-term Republican congressman from Iowa's now-obsolete 8th congressional district, serving from 1881 to 1887, and from 1893 to 1909. According to historian Edmund Morris, "Hepburn was the House's best debater, admired for his strength of character and legal acumen."   As chair of one of the most powerful committees in Congress, he guided or sponsored many statutes regulating businesses,   including most notably the Hepburn Act of 1906.  The Hepburn Act authorized the U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission to require railroads to charge "just and reasonable" rates.

Member of congress
A member of congress (MOC), also known as a congressman, congresswoman or congressperson is a person who has been appointed or elected and inducted into an official body called a congress, typically to represent a particular constituency in a legislature. The term member of parliament (MP) is an equivalent term within a parliamentary system of government.
Alain Ferry (politician)
Alain Ferry (born 3 February 1952) is a French politician. A member of the Radical Party, he represented the 6th constituency of the Bas-Rhin in the National Assembly for over 19 years, from 2 April 1993 to 19 June 2012. He has been the mayor of Wisches in the Bas-Rhin since 1989 and was a member of the General Council of the département from 1992 to 2004.

He is the founding President of the Alsace-Moselle Memorial museum.

Departmental council (France)
The departmental councils (French: conseils départementaux [kɔ̃sɛj depaʁtəmɑ̃to]; singular, conseil départemental [kɔ̃sɛj depaʁtəmɑ̃tal]) of France are representative assemblies elected by universal suffrage in 98 of the country's 101 departments. Prior to the 2015 French departmental elections they were known as general councils (conseils généraux; singular, conseil général).
Dos Rios, California
Dos Rios (Spanish for "Two Rivers") is an unincorporated community in Mendocino County, California. It is located 7 miles (11 km) east-northeast of Laytonville, at an elevation of 961 feet (293 m). Dos Rios's ZIP code, 95429, has a population of 70. The Dos Rios AVA is located in the area.

The Two Rivers post office opened in 1912 and changed its name to Dos Rios in 1915. The name comes from the place's proximity to the confluence of the Middle Fork of the Eel River with the Eel River proper. Dos Rios was served by Northwestern Pacific Railroad passenger service until 1971.

Northwestern Pacific Railroad
The Northwestern Pacific Railroad is a 271-mile (436 km) mainline railroad from the former ferry connections in Sausalito, California north to Eureka, with a connection to the national railroad system at Schellville. The railroad has gone through a complex history of different ownership and operators but has maintained a generic name of reference as the Northwestern Pacific Railroad, despite no longer being officially named that.

Currently, only a 62-mile (100 km) stretch of mainline from Larkspur to the Town of Windsor and east to Schellville on the "south end" is operated by Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit (SMART), which operates both commuter and freight trains with plans for future extension north to Cloverdale. The "north end" from Willits to Eureka (which includes connections to the California Western Railroad) is currently out of service, but saved by 2018 legislation to be converted into the Great Redwood Trail.
Ijo railway tunnel
Ijo railway tunnel is an railway tunnel that neared by the eastern of Ijo and build by the Staatsspoorwegen (SS) between 1885 and 1886 for old railway tunnel, build by the DJKA between 2017 and 2020 for new railway tunnel. This tunnel a long as far as 347 m and is located in Bumiagung, Rowokele, Kebumen. This tunnel penetrates the karst limestone hills of Mount Malang at the northern tip of the South Gombong Karst Area.

There are two tunnels, namely the old Ijo tunnel which is on the single track route and the new Ijo tunnel which is on the double track route. This Ijo tunnel is the only railway tunnel in Indonesia that uses a system technology using a slab track system, aka concrete sleepers embedded in concrete cement casting. The Ijo tunnel is known as a tunnel with very high traffic with dense crossings and overtaking and was once used as a shooting location for the films Kereta Api Terakhir and Daun di Atas Bantal. This tunnel has a building number of wisdom 1649.

Single-track railway
A single-track railway is a railway where trains traveling in both directions share the same track. Single track is usually found on lesser-used rail lines, often branch lines, where the level of traffic is not high enough to justify the cost of constructing and maintaining a second track.