hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leo Wenzel Pollak
Leo Wenzel Pollak (September 23, 1888 in Prague – November 24, 1964 in Dublin) was a geophysicist, meteorologist and pioneer in scientific data processing. His career was spent at the Geophysical Institute in Prague, where he rose to the rank of professor and director (1911-1939), the Irish Meteorological Service (1939-1947), and the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (1947-1963).

In 1950, he was credited as the second author of the second edition of Victor Conrad's 1944 book, "Methods in Climatology."

Meteorologist
A meteorologist is a scientist who studies and works in the field of meteorology aiming to understand or predict Earth's atmospheric phenomena including the weather. Those who study meteorological phenomena are meteorologists in research, while those using mathematical models and knowledge to prepare daily weather forecasts are called weather forecasters or operational meteorologists.

Meteorologists work in government agencies, private consulting and research services, industrial enterprises, utilities, radio and television stations, and in education. They are not to be confused with weather presenters, who present the weather forecast in the media and range in training from journalists having just minimal training in meteorology to full-fledged meteorologists.
Rich Wright
Rich Wright is an American college football coach. He is the defensive coordinator and defensive line coach for the University of Central Missouri, a position he has held since 2025. He was the head football coach for Northwest Missouri State University from 2017 to 2024. From 1991 to 1994, Wright held several assistant coaching jobs in Nebraska and New York. In 1995, Wright became a graduate assistant for Northwest Missouri State, where he was earning his master's degree, for two seasons. In 1997, Wright moved to South Dakota for an assistant coaching job. Following South Dakota, Wright spent time in Missouri and Iowa, before returning to Missouri in 2004. In 2004, Wright became the defensive line coach and coordinator of special teams at Northwest Missouri State, and eventually moved to defensive coordinator and assistant head coach in 2011. In December 2016 after winning the National Championship—Wright's fourth—Wright was named the program's 20th head football coach.

Northwest Missouri State University
Northwest Missouri State University (NW Missouri) is a public university in Maryville, Missouri, United States. It has an enrollment of 9,152 students. Founded in 1905 as a teachers college, its campus is based on the design for Forest Park at the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair and is the official Missouri State Arboretum. The school is governed by a state-appointed Board of Regents and headed by President Lance Tatum.

The Northwest Bearcats compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (Division II) and Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association for men's and women's sports.
Team Mirai
Team Mirai (Japanese: チームみらい; lit. 'Team Future') is a political party in Japan founded by AI engineer Takahiro Anno. The party supports E-democracy and has been described as technocratic. The party was established on 8 May 2025, evolving from "Team Anno," which supported his candidacy in the 2024 Tokyo gubernatorial election. The party advocates for "Digital Democracy" and aims to implement technology to ensure "no one is left behind."

In the 2025 Japanese House of Councillors election, the party won its first seat in the Diet. In the subsequent 2026 Japanese general election, it made significant gains, securing 11 seats in the House of Representatives.

Audrey Tang
Tang Feng (Chinese: 唐鳳; pinyin: Táng Fèng; born 18 April 1981), also known by her English name Audrey, is a Taiwanese politician and free software programmer who served as the first Minister of Digital Affairs of Taiwan from August 2022 to May 2024. She has been described as one of the "ten greatest Taiwanese computing personalities". In August 2016, Tang was invited to join Taiwan's Executive Yuan as a minister without portfolio, making her the first transgender person and the first non-binary gender official in the top executive cabinet. Tang has identified as "post-gender" and accepts "whatever pronoun people want to describe me with online." Tang is a leader of the Haskell and Perl programming language communities, and is the core member of g0v.
Bohemia (rapper)
Roger David (Punjabi: راجر ڈیوڈ, pronounced [ɾaːd͡ʒəɾ ɖeːʋɪɖ]; born 15 October 1979), better known by his stage name Bohemia, is a Pakistani-American singer-songwriter and record producer, mainly associated with Punjabi hip-hop music. He is considered to be one of the pioneers of the Desi hip hop industry.

PTC Punjabi
PTC Punjabi is an Indian Punjabi-language television network. Indian politician and the president of the Shiromani Akali Dal Sukhbir Singh Badal holds a majority stake in PTC. It features general interest programming including news, dramas, comedies, music and talk shows. PTC Punjabi commenced operations on 6 August 2008 and in a year, became the most popular television network in Punjab, India.

In 2009, PTC Punjabi expanded its reach internationally. It launched in the United States on DirecTV on 23 August 2009. In September 2009, a Canadian version launched. In early 2010, PTC Punjabi was removed from DirecTV for unknown reasons. On 25 August 2010, PTC Punjabi launched on Dish Network, making the channel available in the United States once again. PTC hosts the annual PTC Punjabi Music Awards and PTC Punjabi Film Awards.
Lauri Silvennoinen
Lauri Silvennoinen (November 7, 1916 – December 24, 2004) was a Finnish cross-country skier who competed in the 1940s. He was born in Kesälahti, North Karelia.

Silvennoinen won a silver medal at the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz in the 4 × 10 km relay.

St. Moritz
St. Moritz is a high Alpine resort town in the Engadine in Switzerland, at an elevation of about 1,800 metres (5,910 ft) above sea level. It is Upper Engadine's major town and a municipality in the administrative region of Maloja in the Swiss canton of the Grisons.

St. Moritz lies on the southern slopes of the Albula Alps below the Piz Nair (3,056 m or 10,026 ft) overlooking the flat and wide glaciated valley of the Upper Engadine and Lake St. Moritz. It hosted the Winter Olympics in 1928 and 1948.
Ceratolasmatidae
The Ceratolasmatidae are a family of harvestmen with eleven described species.

The monophyly of this family is questionable; it is composed of three possibly monophyletic groups:

Ceratolasma and Acuclavella are four to six millimeters long, with moderately short legs and short pedipalps. These two genera are closely related to Ischyropsalis (Ischyropsalididae).

Hesperonemastoma species range from one to two millimeters in body length. They have similarities to Nemastoma, which occurs in the Old World (hespero = "west" alludes to the occurrence in the New World). It seems to be more closely related to Taracus (Sabaconidae) than to Ceratolasma.

Crosbycus has a body length of less than one millimeter. The pedipalps are long and very thin. Its moderately long legs are densely covered with setae, spikes and trichomes. Crosbycus should possibly be placed in its own family.

Trichome
Trichomes (/ˈtraɪkoʊmz, ˈtrɪkoʊmz/; from Ancient Greek  τρίχωμα (tríkhōma) 'hair') are fine outgrowths or appendages on plants, algae, lichens, and certain protists. They are of diverse structure and function. Examples are hairs, glandular hairs, scales, and papillae. A covering of any kind of hair on a plant is an indumentum, and the surface bearing them is said to be pubescent.
Fred Rath Sr.
Frederick Helsher Rath Sr. (born September 1, 1943) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher who appeared in 8 games for the Chicago White Sox during the 1968 and 1969 seasons. He threw right-handed.

Rath, who attended Baylor University, was drafted by the White Sox in the 4th round of the 1965 amateur draft and made his major league debut 3 years later. Following the 1970 season he was traded to the California Angels for John Purdin, but never appeared in a major league game again.

Rath's son, Fred Rath Jr., also had a brief major league career, appearing in two games for the Colorado Rockies in 1998.

Baylor Bears
The Baylor Bears are the athletic teams that represent Baylor University. The teams participate in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as one of only three private school members of the Big 12 Conference. Prior to joining the Big 12, Baylor was a member of the Southwest Conference from their charter creation in 1914 until its dissolution in 1996. Baylor is also a founding member of the Big 12 Conference.
Wielgomłyny-Kolonia
Wielgomłyny-Kolonia [vjɛlɡɔmˈwɨnɨ kɔˈlɔɲa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wielgomłyny, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 23 km (14 mi) east of Radomsko and 88 km (55 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Radomsko County
Radomsko County (Polish: powiat radomszczański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Radomsko, which lies 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. The county also contains the towns of Przedbórz, lying 31 km (19 mi) east of Radomsko, and Kamieńsk, 16 km (10 mi) north of Radomsko.

The county covers an area of 1,442.78 square kilometres (557.1 sq mi). As of 2006, it had a population of 118,856, out of which the population of Radomsko was 49,152, that of Przedbórz was 3,758, that of Kamieńsk was 2,858, and the rural population was 63,088.
Khorramabad-e Olya, Razavi Khorasan
Khorramabad-e Olya (Persian: خرم اباد عليا, also Romanized as Khorramābād-e ‘Olyā; also known as Shahveh-ye ‘Olyā) is a village in Jannatabad Rural District, Salehabad District, Salehabad County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,098, in 222 families.

Salehabad County
Salehabad County (Persian: شهرستان صالح‌آباد) is in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Salehabad, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 8,625 in 2,198 households.
Ginette Reno
Ginette Reno OC CQ (born Ginette Raynault; 28 April 1946) is a Canadian singer, songwriter and actress.  She has received nominations for the Genie and Gemini Awards and is a multi-recipient of the Juno Award. She is a gold and platinum selling Canadian musician.

Juno Award for Francophone Album of the Year
The Juno Award for Francophone Album of the Year is an annual award presented by the Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences (CARAS) for the best French-language album in Canada. Wanting to add a more inclusive Canadian content to the Award show, Isba Music's Larry Mancini lobbied CARAS to add this award to its roster. It was awarded as the Best Selling Francophone Album, based entirely on album sales, but is now chosen by a jury vote.

The award faced some controversy in 1993 when Mitsou initially received a nomination for her mixed English-French EP Heading West, which was then rescinded on the grounds that the album didn't meet the criteria of being at least 80 per cent francophone. The award committee claimed that the album's failure to qualify in the category had "slipped through the cracks" due to a last-minute submission, but Mitsou herself dismissed the controversy as an unimportant "tempest in a thimble".
Teniorhinus harona
Teniorhinus harona, the arrowhead orange or arrowhead skipper, is a butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Shaba), Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Botswana. The habitat consists of deciduous woodland and Brachystegia woodland.

Adults of both sexes are attracted to flowers and males mud-puddle. Adults are on wing from August to October and from December to May in two generations per year.

The larvae feed on Brachystegia boehmii.

Brachystegia boehmii
Brachystegia boehmii, named after the 19th-century German naturalist and collector Richard Böhm, is a flat-topped tree with a spreading crown, native to eastern and southern Africa. It forms an important component of miombo woodland, and occurs in Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and Zambia. Common names are machabel (Mashonaland), mufuti (Zimbabwe) and Prince of Wales feathers.

Occurring in the altitude range 900 – 1600 m, and growing to 15 m tall, it has glabrous or pubescent young branchlets. Its long, pendulous, tufted leaves are some 35 cm long, with 15−30 pairs of leaflets, the middle pair measuring 30−65 x 7−18 mm. Upper and lower surfaces are more or less concolorous. New spring foliage is pink to brick-red, turning buff or yellow to pale green, maturing to a much darker colour. Fallen leaves are dull reddish in colour.

Bark is grey to brown, rough, and somewhat coarsely reticulate, narrowly fissured and transversely cracked.
Carbonyl α-substitution reaction
Carbonyl α-substitution reactions occur at the position next to the carbonyl group, the α-position, and involves the substitution of an α-hydrogen by an electrophile through either an enol or enolate ion intermediate.

Electrophile
In chemistry, an electrophile is a chemical species that forms bonds with nucleophiles by accepting an electron pair. Because electrophiles accept electrons, they are Lewis acids. Most electrophiles are positively charged, have an atom that carries a partial positive charge, or have an atom that does not have an octet of electrons.

Electrophiles mainly interact with nucleophiles through addition and substitution reactions. Frequently seen electrophiles in organic syntheses include cations such as H+ and NO+, polarized neutral molecules such as HCl, alkyl halides, acyl halides, and carbonyl compounds, polarizable neutral molecules such as Cl2 and Br2, oxidizing agents such as organic peracids, chemical species that do not satisfy the octet rule such as carbenes and radicals, and some Lewis acids such as BH3  and DIBAL.
Mary Star of the Sea (album)
Mary Star of the Sea is the only studio album by American alternative rock band Zwan, released on January 28, 2003 on Reprise (February 10 in the UK). Produced by frontman Billy Corgan and Bjorn Thorsrud, the album was supported by the singles "Honestly" and "Lyric".

The album debuted at number 3 in the US, selling 90,000 copies in its first week, and over 250,000 copies by the time of the band's break-up later that year. Described by Corgan as "the great lost Pumpkins record", the album's music was spearheaded by Corgan and drummer Jimmy Chamberlin.

The album is named both for the Blessed Virgin Mary, from whom bandleader Corgan claimed to find comfort and guidance, and for the Catholic Church in Key West, Florida where he spent time during Zwan's early rehearsals. Seven months after the album's release Corgan announced the band's dissolution, which he attributed to conflicts between the band's members.

Basilica of St. Mary Star of the Sea (Key West, Florida)
The Basilica of St. Mary Star of the Sea is a Minor Basilica of the Catholic Church located in Key West, Florida, United States.    It is one of the oldest Catholic parishes in the state of Florida and the oldest parish in the Archdiocese of Miami.  The church is a contributing property in the Key West Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places.
Thomas Elkins
Thomas Elkins (1818 - 1819 February -  August 10, 1900) was an African-American dentist, abolitionist, surgeon, pharmacist, and inventor. He lived in Albany, New York, for most of his life, but travelled during his service as the medical examiner of the 54th and 55th Massachusetts infantries and visited Liberia. Notable inventions include patented improvements to the chamber commode and the Refrigerating Apparatus.

55th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment
The 55th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment was the sister regiment of the renowned Massachusetts 54th Volunteers during the latter half of the American Civil War, formed because of the overflow of volunteer enlistees to the 54th Massachusetts.
Aucamp v Morton
Aucamp v Morton is an important case in South African contract law. It was heard in the Appellate Division by Watermeyer CJ, Centlivres JA, Schreiner JA, Van den Heever JA and Fagan AJA on 7 and 8 June 1949, with judgment on 21 June.

Supreme Court of Appeal (South Africa)
The Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA), formerly known as the Appellate Division, is the second-highest court of appeal in South Africa below the Constitutional Court. The country's apex court from 1910 to 1994, it no longer holds that position, having been displaced in constitutional matters by the Constitutional Court in 1994, and in all matters by 2013. It is located in Bloemfontein. Bloemfontein is often seen as, and has been traditionally referred to as, the "judicial capital" of South Africa because of the court, although the Constitutional Court is based in Johannesburg.
Fitting ideal
In commutative algebra, the Fitting ideals of a finitely generated module over a commutative ring describe the obstructions to generating the module by a given number of elements. They were introduced by Hans Fitting (1936).

Finitely generated module
In mathematics, a finitely generated module is a module that has a finite generating set. A finitely generated module over a ring R may also be called a finite R-module, finite over R, or a module of finite type.

Related concepts include finitely cogenerated modules, finitely presented modules, finitely related modules and coherent modules all of which are defined below.  Over a Noetherian ring the concepts of finitely generated, finitely presented and coherent modules coincide.

A finitely generated module over a field is simply a finite-dimensional vector space, and a finitely generated module over the integers is simply a finitely generated abelian group.
21st Young Artist Awards
The 21st Young Artist Awards ceremony (formerly known as the Youth in Film Awards), presented by the Young Artist Association, honored excellence of young performers under the age of 21 in the fields of film, television and theatre for the year 1999, and took place on March 19, 2000, at the Sportsmen's Lodge in Studio City, California.

The announcer for the evening was William H. Bassett.  The hosts for the evening were Austin O'Brien, Trevor O'Brien, Cody McMains, Michelle Trachtenberg, Kaitlin Cullum and Kimberly Cullum.  Performers for the evening included, Girls On-Q, Adam Nicholson, Adam Wylie and Blake McIver Ewing.

Established in 1978 by long-standing Hollywood Foreign Press Association member, Maureen Dragone, the Young Artist Association was the first organization to establish an awards ceremony specifically set to recognize and award the contributions of performers under the age of 21 in the fields of film, television, theater and music.

Adam Wylie
Adam Augustus Wylie (born May 23, 1984) is an American actor, magician and a former Crayola spokesman. He played Zack Brock, the youngest son of Doctor and Sheriff Brock's children, on Picket Fences from 1992 to 1996. Wylie is also a voice actor; his voice roles include Brainiac 5 in Legion of Super Heroes (2006–2008), Pierce Wheels in the Ben 10 franchise (2008–2011), and Peter Pan in Jake and the Never Land Pirates (2012–2015).
Callulops mediodiscus
Callulops mediodiscus is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is only known from the type locality in the upper Kikori Basin in the Southern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea. The specific name refers to its most distinctive feature, the moderately enlarged discs on fingers and toes, although their function remains unknown as the specimens were collected on or near the ground.

Kikori River
The Kikori River is a major river in southern Papua New Guinea on the island of New Guinea. The river has a total length of 445 km (277 mi) and flows southeast into the Gulf of Papua, with its delta at the head of the gulf. The settlement of Kikori lies on the delta.
Buttrick
Buttrick is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Barbara Buttrick (born 1930), English boxer

Ellen Buttrick (born 1995), British Paralympic rower

George Arthur Buttrick (1892–1980), English-born, American-based Christian preacher, author and lecturer

John Buttrick (1731–1791), American Revolutionary War militiaman

Barbara Buttrick
Barbara Buttrick (born 3 December 1929), nicknamed "Battling Barbara", is a retired British boxer and a world champion in women's boxing in the 1940s and 1950s.

Originally from England, Buttrick is considered a pioneer of women's professional boxing.
Mumford–Tate group
In algebraic geometry, the Mumford–Tate group (or Hodge group) MT(F) constructed from a Hodge structure F is a certain algebraic group G. When F is given by a rational representation of an algebraic torus, the definition of G is as the Zariski closure of the image in the representation of the circle group, over the rational numbers.  Mumford (1966) introduced Mumford–Tate groups over the complex numbers under the name of Hodge groups. Serre (1967) introduced the p-adic analogue of Mumford's construction for Hodge–Tate modules, using the work of Tate (1967) on p-divisible groups, and named them Mumford–Tate groups.

Circle group
In mathematics, the circle group, denoted by  or ⁠⁠, is the multiplicative group of all complex numbers with absolute value 1, that is, the unit circle in the complex plane or simply the unit complex numbers

The circle group forms a subgroup of ⁠⁠, the multiplicative group of all nonzero complex numbers. Since  is abelian, it follows that  is as well.

A unit complex number in the circle group represents a rotation of the complex plane about the origin and can be parametrized by the angle measure ⁠⁠:

This is the exponential map for the circle group.

The circle group plays a central role in Pontryagin duality and in the theory of Lie groups.

The notation  for the circle group stems from the fact that, with the standard topology (see below), the circle group is a 1-torus. More generally,  (the direct product of  with itself  times) is geometrically an -torus.

The circle group is isomorphic to the special orthogonal group ⁠⁠ and ⁠⁠.
Pietro Cunti
Pietro Cunti (born 3 September 1962) is a former Swiss professional ice hockey centre who last played for SC Bern in Switzerland's National League A.

Cunti has participated as a member of the Swiss national team at the 1988 Winter Olympics.

Ice hockey at the 1988 Winter Olympics
The men's ice hockey tournament at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, was the 16th Olympic Championship. The Soviet Union won its seventh gold medal. The silver medal was won by Finland, marking its first ever Olympic ice hockey medal. Sweden won the bronze medal. Games were held in the Olympic Saddledome, the Stampede Corral, and Father David Bauer Olympic Arena. This is so far the only Olympic tournament held on North American soil that was not won by either Canada or United States.

The IIHF did not run a championship in Olympic years at this time. Nations that did not participate in the Calgary Olympics were invited to compete in the final Thayer Tutt Trophy.