hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
French cruiser Fleurus
The French cruiser Fleurus was a torpedo cruiser of the Wattignies class that was built for the French Navy (Marine Nationale) in the early 1890s. The ship had a main battery of five 100 mm (3.9 in) quick-firing guns, complemented by lighter guns and four 356 mm (14 in) torpedo tubes. Launched in 1891 in Rochefort, Fleurus was commissioned into the Mediterranean Squadron as part of the reserve. Trials demonstrated problems with the Admiralty boilers which, despite being replaced twice, meant that the ship was not ready for active service until they were replaced by Niclausse boilers. The cruiser was commissioned into the Northern Squadron (Escadre du Nord) in Brest. After 30 months, the cruiser was decommissioned. In 1910, the ship joined the school for engineers at Lorient, and, two years later, returned to Rochefort as a hulk. In 1928, Fleurus was sold to be broken up.

Torpedo cruiser
A torpedo cruiser is a type of warship that is armed primarily with torpedoes. The major navies began building torpedo cruisers shortly after the invention of the locomotive Whitehead torpedo in the 1860s. The development of the torpedo gave rise to the Jeune École doctrine, which held that small warships armed with torpedoes could effectively and cheaply defeat much larger battleships. Torpedo cruisers fell out of favor in most of the great power navies in the 1890s, though many other navies continued to acquire them into the early 1900s.

The Imperial Japanese Navy rebuilt two Kuma-class light cruisers into torpedo cruisers during World War II. Unlike the earlier vessels, these ships were intended to launch their Type 93 torpedo oxygen torpedoes at extreme range at night to surprise enemy warships. They never saw action in their intended role, however, and were quickly converted into troop transports as well as a Kaiten (suicide torpedo) carrier.
Tim's Vermeer
Tim's Vermeer is a 2013 documentary film, directed by Teller, produced by his stage partner Penn Jillette and Farley Ziegler, about inventor Tim Jenison's efforts to duplicate the painting techniques of Johannes Vermeer, in order to test his hypothesis that Vermeer painted with the help of optical devices.

The film premiered at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival and was released in limited theatrical release in the United States by Sony Pictures Classics on January 31, 2014.

Penn Jillette
Penn Fraser Jillette (born March 5, 1955) is an American magician, entertainer and author, best known for his work with fellow magician Teller. Known as Penn & Teller, the duo has been featured in numerous stage and television shows, such as Penn & Teller: Fool Us and Penn & Teller: Bullshit!, and is as of 2026, celebrating 25 years headlining in Las Vegas at The Rio. Jillette serves as the act's orator and raconteur.

Jillette has published eight books, fiction and non-fiction, including the New York Times bestseller, God, No!: Signs You May Already Be an Atheist and Other Magical Tales. He is also known for his advocacy of atheism, scientific skepticism, the First Amendment, as well as previously identifying as a libertarian, a position he disavowed in 2020.
Sports-related curses
A sports-related curse is a superstitious belief in the effective action of some malevolent power that is used to explain the failures or misfortunes of specific sports teams, players, or cities. Teams, players, and cities often cite a "curse" for many negative things, such as their inability to win a sports championship, or unexpected injuries.

Busan IPark
Busan IPark FC (Korean: 부산 아이파크 FC) is a South Korean professional football club based in Busan that competes in K League 2, the second tier of the South Korean football pyramid. They play their home games at the Busan Gudeok Stadium.

Busan IPark was founded as a semi-professional team in November 1979 by Saehan Motors. The club was one of the original five founding members of the K League and continuously competed in the first division from 1983 to 2015, when they were relegated for the first time. Initially, the club was called Daewoo Royals, in reference to the motor company that originally owned and financed it. Since the early 2000s, Busan has received financial backing from the HDC Group and its apartment brand IPARK, rebranding as Pusan i.cons and later as Busan IPark.
Raúl Matas
Raúl Matas Esteban (Lanco, 13 August 1921–Santiago, 31 December 2004), nicknamed "El Maestro", was a Chilean journalist, and radio and television broadcaster. His 64-year career took place in Chile, Argentina, Spain, and the United States. He was one of the pioneering television broadcasters in Chile.

Lanco, Chile
Lanco is a city and commune in southern Chile administered by the  Municipality of Lanco. It is located in Valdivia Province in Los Ríos Region, about 69 km (43 mi) northeast of Valdivia by road, close to Cruces River.
Theiss Speedster
The Theiss Speedster is an American Homebuilt ultralight biplane that was designed and produced by Theiss Aviation of Salem, Ohio. When it was available, the aircraft was supplied as a quick-build kit for amateur construction.

The Speedster is intended to resemble a 1920s era sport aircraft.

Bracing (aeronautics)
In aeronautics, bracing comprises structural members which stiffen the functional airframe to give it rigidity and strength under load. Bracing may be applied both internally and externally, and may take the form of struts, which act in compression or tension as the need arises, and/or wires, which act only in tension.

In general, bracing allows a stronger, lighter structure than one which is unbraced, but external bracing adds drag which slows down the aircraft and raises considerably more design issues than internal bracing. Another disadvantage of bracing wires is that they require routine checking and adjustment, or rigging, even when located internally.

During the early years of aviation, bracing was a universal feature of aeroplanes, including monoplanes and biplanes, which were then equally common. Bracing in the form of lift struts remains in use for some light commercial designs where a high wing and light weight are more important than ultimate performance.
155th Infantry Division "Emilia"
The 155th Infantry Division "Emilia" (Italian: 155ª Divisione di fanteria "Emilia") was an infantry division of the Royal Italian Army during the World War II. The Emilia was formed on 1 December 1941 and named for the historic region of Emilia. The Emilia was classified as an occupation infantry division, which meant that the division's artillery regiment consisted of two artillery groups instead of the three artillery groups of line infantry divisions and that the divisional mortar battalion was replaced by a divisional machine gun battalion.

In April 1942 the division was sent to Dalmatia to fight Yugoslav Partisans. After the announcement of the Armistice of Cassibile on 8 September 1943 the division fought advancing German forces for eight days, before crossing the Adriatic Sea to reach Apulia in Southern Italy, where the division's survivors joined forces with the Italian Co-belligerent Army.

Emilia (region)
Emilia (Emilian: Emeja / Emégglia / Emélia) is a historical region of northern Italy, which approximately corresponds to the western and the north-eastern portions of the modern region of Emilia-Romagna, with the area of Romagna forming the remainder of the modern region.
Progressive download
A progressive download is the transfer of digital media files from a server to a client, typically using the HTTP protocol when initiated from a computer. The consumer may begin playback of the media before the download is complete. The key difference between streaming media and progressive download is in how the digital media data is received and stored by the end user device that is accessing the digital media.

A media player that is capable of progressive download playback relies on meta data located in the header of the file to be intact and a local buffer of the digital media file as it is downloaded from a web server. At the point in which a specified amount of data becomes available to the local playback device, the media will begin to play. This specified amount of buffer is embedded into the file by the producer of the content in the encoder settings and is reinforced by additional buffer settings imposed by the media player.

Nginx
Nginx (pronounced "engine x"  /ˌɛndʒɪnˈɛks/ EN-jin-EKS, stylized as NGINX or nginx) is a web server that can also be used as a reverse proxy, load balancer, mail proxy and HTTP cache.  The software was created by Russian developer Igor Sysoev and publicly released in 2004. Nginx is free and open-source software, released under the terms of the 2-clause BSD license. A large fraction of web servers use Nginx, often as a load balancer.

A company of the same name was founded in 2011 to provide support and NGINX Plus paid software. In March 2019, the company was acquired by F5 for $670 million.
Adenocarcinoma in situ of the lung
Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) of the lung —previously included in the category of "bronchioloalveolar carcinoma" (BAC)—is a subtype of lung adenocarcinoma. It tends to arise in the distal bronchioles or alveoli and is defined by a non-invasive growth pattern. This small solitary tumor exhibits pure alveolar distribution (lepidic growth) and lacks any invasion of the surrounding normal lung. If completely removed by surgery, the prognosis is excellent with up to 100% 5-year survival.

Although the entity of AIS was formally defined in 2011, it represents a noninvasive form of pulmonary adenocarcinoma which has been recognized for some time. AIS is not considered to be an invasive tumor by pathologists, but as one form of carcinoma in situ (CIS). Like other forms of CIS, AIS may progress and become overtly invasive, exhibiting malignant, often lethal, behavior. Major surgery, either a lobectomy or a pneumonectomy, is usually required for treatment.

Surgical pathology
Surgical pathology is the most significant and time-consuming area of practice for most anatomical pathologists. Surgical pathology involves gross and microscopic examination of surgical specimens, as well as biopsies submitted by surgeons and non-surgeons such as general internists, medical subspecialists, dermatologists, and interventional radiologists.

The practice of surgical pathology allows for definitive diagnosis of disease (or lack thereof) in any case where tissue is surgically removed from a patient. This is usually performed by a combination of gross (i.e., macroscopic) and histologic (i.e., microscopic) examination of the tissue, and may involve evaluations of molecular properties of the tissue by immunohistochemistry or other laboratory tests.
Maurice J. McCauley
Maurice J. "Mac, M. J." McCauley (June 7, 1923 – December 8, 2013) was an American teacher and politician.

Born near Caledonia, Minnesota, McCauley served in the United States Marine Corps during World War II. McCauley went to the University of Notre Dame and the University of Minnesota. He received his bachelor's degree from the University of Wisconsin–La Crosse and his master's degree from Arizona State University. He taught physics and science in junior and senior high school and at Winona State University. McCauley served as Houston County, Minnesota Clerk of Court, County Commissioner for Winona County, Minnesota and then served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1971 to 1977 from Winona County. McCauley was a Republican. McCauley died at his home in Winona, Minnesota.

Houston County, Minnesota
Houston County (/ˈhjuːstən/ HEW-stən) is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. At the 2020 census, the population was 18,843. Its county seat is Caledonia. Houston County is included in the La Crosse–Onalaska Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Division of Ryan
The Division of Ryan is an Australian electoral division in the state of Queensland. It is west of Brisbane, comprising parts of the City of Brisbane and City of Moreton Bay.

Since 2022 its MP has been Elizabeth Watson-Brown of the Greens. Following the 2025 federal election, Watson-Brown remained as the sole Green MP in the Australian Parliament.

Electorates of the Australian House of Representatives
Electorates (also known as electoral divisions, federal divisions or seats) are the single-member electoral districts of the Australian House of Representatives; the lower house of the Parliament of Australia. There are currently 150 federal electorates.
William Harbord, 2nd Baron Suffield
Colonel William Assheton Harbord, 2nd Baron Suffield (21 August 1766 – 1 August 1821), was a Member of Parliament for Ludgershall (1790–1796) and  Plympton Erle (7 February 1807 – 4 February 1810). He was colonel of a fencible cavalry regiment, the Norfolk Fencible Light Dragoons (1794), the Blickling Rifle Volunteers (1803), and East Norfolk Regiment of Militia (1808). He was an English amateur cricketer.

Plympton Erle (UK Parliament constituency)
Plympton Erle, also spelt Plympton Earle, was a parliamentary borough in Devon. It elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons from 1295 until 1832, when the borough was abolished by the Great Reform Act.
Dilloway
Dilloway is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aaron Dilloway (born 1976), American musician

Charles Dilloway (born 1781), English cricketer

John Dilloway (1798–1869), English cricketer

Margaret Dilloway, American novelist

John Dilloway
John Dilloway (christened 4 November 1798; died 1869) was an English cricketer who played for Sussex. He was born in Petworth. He died in 1869 in Kirdford, Sussex.

Dilloway made a single appearance for the team, in 1825, against Hampshire. Batting in the tailend in the same team as his brother, Charles, he scored seven runs in the first innings of the match and two runs in the second innings.
Valeriy Kravchynskyi
Valeriy Kyrylovych Kravchynskyi (Ukrainian: Валерій Кирилович Кравчинський; 12 December 1938 – 20 January 2001) was a Soviet and Ukrainian football defender. He spent most of his career with Desna Chernihiv the main club in Chernihiv.

Football Championship of the Ukrainian SSR
The Championship of the Ukrainian SSR in football was a top competition of association football in the Ukrainian SSR in 1921-91. Number of Ukrainian clubs almost never competed in the championship such as Dynamo Kyiv.

The competitions were organized by the Football Federation of the Ukrainian SSR that was created in 1959 in place of the Football Section.

Before 1980 selected teams of Moldavian SSR participated in the championship.
Raymond Taras
Raymond Taras (also Ray Taras) is a Canadian political scientist. His interests include issues of Central and Eastern Europe and Russia, multiculturalism, xenophobia, Islamophobia, ethnic conflicts, and response to refugee crisis and immigration in the receiving countries. During the 2014–15 academic year Ray Taras was a Leverhulme Visiting Professor at the Centre for Migration Research, University of Sussex. In 2018-19 he is Fulbright Distinguished Chair at the Australian National University in Canberra.

B.A. Université de Montréal, M.A. Sussex university, M.Phil. University of Essex, Ph.D. in political sociology, Warsaw University (1981).

Languages spoken: Polish (first language), Canadian French (language of education), intermediate level in Russian and Spanish, as well as basics in Swedish and Danish.

Raymond Taras was born in a Polish family in Montreal, Canada.

Canadian French
Canadian French (French: français canadien, [fʁãˈsɛ kanaˈd͡zjɛ̃]) is the French language as it is spoken in Canada. It includes multiple varieties, the most prominent of which is Québécois (Quebec French). Formerly Canadian French referred solely to Quebec French and the closely related varieties of Ontario (Franco-Ontarian) and Western Canada—in contrast with Acadian French, which is spoken by Acadians in New Brunswick (including the Chiac dialect) and some areas of Nova Scotia (including the dialect St. Marys Bay French), Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland & Labrador (where Newfoundland French is also spoken).
Ruslan Dibirgadjiyev
Ruslan Adilkhanovich Dibirghadzhiyev (Azerbaijani: Ruslan Dibirhacıyev, Russian: Руслан Адилханович Дибиргаджиев; born 20 July 1988, Dagestan) is an Avar Russian naturalized Azerbaijani freestyle wrestler. He competed at the 70 kg division in the 2014 European Wrestling Championships and won the gold medal after beating Grigor Grigoryan of Armenia.

Avars (Caucasus)
The Avars (/ˈævɑːrz/), also known as Maharuls' (Avar: магӀарулал, romanized: maⱨarulal, lit. 'mountaineers'), are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group. The Avars are the largest of several ethnic groups living in the Russian republic of Dagestan. The Avars reside in the North Caucasus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. Alongside other ethnic groups in the North Caucasus region, the Avars live in ancient villages located approximately 2,000 meters above sea level. The Avar language spoken by the Caucasian Avars belongs to the family of Avar–Andic languages. Sunni Islam has been the prevailing religion of the Avars since the 14th century.
Bomberman B-Daman Bakugaiden
Bomberman B-Daman Bakugaiden (ボンバーマン・ビーダマン爆外伝, Bombāman Bī-daman Bakugaiden), commonly abbreviated as BB-Daman Bakugaiden (Ｂビーダマン爆外伝) or BBB, is a CoroCoro Comic series created by Koichi Mikata, based on Bomberman and B-Daman. An animated television series was created and originally broadcast on Nagoya TV and TV Asahi at 17:00. It was also broadcast internationally on Taiwan Television (Taiwan), TVB Jade (Hong Kong) and Spacetoon (Arab world)

The series was superseded by Bomberman B-Daman Bakugaiden V.

Nobutoshi Canna
Nobutoshi Hayashi (林 延年, Hayashi Nobutoshi; born June 10, 1968 in Shinagawa, Tokyo), better known by the stage name Nobutoshi Canna (神奈 延年, Kanna Nobutoshi), is a Japanese actor, voice actor, singer and narrator who is affiliated with Aoni Production. He first started acting as a child. Canna is best known for his performances as Tasuki in Fushigi Yûgi, Ban Mido in GetBackers, Nnoitra Gilga in Bleach, Lancer in Fate/Stay Night, Basara Nekki in Macross 7, Kabuto Yakushi in Naruto, Cao Pi in the Dynasty Warriors and Warriors Orochi series, Kai Kogashiwa in the Initial D anime and the Initial D Arcade Stage series from Arcade Stage 4 to Arcade Stage 8 infinity, Guts in Berserk, Knuckles the Echidna in the Sonic the Hedgehog franchise since 1998, Lee Pai-Long in Shaman King, Brian Stelbart in Feda: The Emblem of Justice, and Nowaki Kusama in Junjo Romantica: Pure Romance.
WCGC
WCGC (1270 AM) is a noncommercial radio station licensed to Belmont, North Carolina, United States, and serving the Charlotte and Gastonia areas. The station is owned by Carolina Catholic Radio Network and broadcasts a Catholic radio format, using programming from the EWTN Radio Network.

WCGC's transmitter is located on the western end of Belmont.

Non-commercial educational station
A non-commercial educational station (NCE station) is a radio station or television station that does not accept on-air advertisements (TV ads or radio ads), as defined in the United States by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and was originally intended to offer educational programming as part, or whole, of its programming. NCE stations do not pay broadcast license fees for their non-profit uses of the radio spectrum. Stations which are almost always operated as NCE include public broadcasting, community radio, and college radio, as well as many religious broadcasting stations.
Nearly all non-commercial radio stations derive their support from listener support, grants and endowments, such as the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) that distributes supporting funds provided by Congress to support public radio.
Christian Democratic Party Indonesia
The Christian Democratic Party (Partai Kristen Demokrat, PKD), is a defunct Indonesian Christian Democratic political party founded in 2005. The party attempted to participate in the Indonesian 2009 election. The party managed to fulfill the administrative requirement but failed to fulfill the public support requirement.

The party initiator and founder is Sonny Wuisan (Secretary-General). Their leader and the founder is Tommy Sihotang.

In 2012, the party is disbanded and joined another Christian party, the Prosperous Peace Party.

Prosperous Peace Party
The Prosperous Peace Party (Indonesian: Partai Damai Sejahtera) was a Christian-democratic political party in Indonesia. It portrayed itself as the reincarnation of Parkindo, the Indonesian Christian Party, which contested the 1955 and 1971 elections. Although it was initially founded by Christians, the party was open to all religions, and 21 of its candidates in the 2009 legislative election were Muslim.

In the 2004 Indonesian legislative election, the party won 2.1% of the popular vote and 12 out of 550 seats, but in the 2009 legislative election, the party won 1.5 percent of the votes, less than the required 2.5 percent electoral threshold, meaning it lost all its seats in the People's Representative Council.

The party agreed to merge along with 9 other parties into Hanura on 10 March 2013 after failing to be certified to contest in the 2014 legislative election by the Electoral Commission.
Abetni
Abetni  was an ancient Egyptian queen of the Thirteenth Dynasty. She is only known from one stela found at Lisht in pit 412, where there was also found the stela of the king's son Hepu. The latter appears also on the stela of Abetni. She was most likely his mother. Her royal husband is unknown. The stela is today in the Lowe Art Museum (inventory no. 58.105.002).

Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt
The Thirteenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty XIII) was a series of rulers from approximately 1803 BC until approximately 1649 BC, i.e. for 154 years. It is often classified as the final dynasty of the Middle Kingdom (which includes Dynasties XI, XII and XIV), but some historians instead group it in the Second Intermediate Period (with Dynasties XIV through XVII).

Dynasty XIII initially ruled from the Nile Delta to the second cataract of the Nile. However, the dynasty marked a period of decline and instability, with the Canaanite Dynasty XIV rising concurrently and the Hyksos Dynasty XV taking control shortly after.

Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep is usually considered Dynasty XIII's first pharaoh, and Merneferre Ay, while not the final pharaoh, was the last to occupy the Middle Kingdom capital of Itjtawy, and the last of the dynasty with a significant recorded reign.
Steven R. Gilmore
Steven R. Gilmore is a Canadian artist and graphic designer most known for his work on album cover design, particularly his role as in-house artist for Nettwerk Records for much of the 1980s and 1990s.  He has designed record album sleeves for bands such as Skinny Puppy, Nickelback, A Perfect Circle, BT, Machines of Loving Grace, Static-X, and Two Steps from Hell.

Nettwerk Music Group
Nettwerk Music Group is an independent record label founded in 1984.

The Vancouver-based company was created by principals Terry McBride and Mark Jowett. Initially specializing in electronic music such as alternative dance and industrial, the label expanded its roster to include pop, rock and numerous singer-songwriters. Nettwerk has played an impactful role in many artists' careers, such as Coldplay, Sarah McLachlan, and Barenaked Ladies.

The label was named Billboard's "Indie Power Players" list in 2024 and 2025.