hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Great Mosque of Kufa
The Great Mosque of Kufa (Arabic: مَسْجِد ٱلْكُوفَة ٱلْمُعَظَّم/ٱلْأَعْظَم, romanized: Masjid al-Muʿaẓẓam/al-ʾAʿaẓam), or Masjid al-Kufa, is a Shi'ite mosque and shrine, located in Kufa, in the Najaf Governorate of Iraq. Completed in 670 CE, it is one of the earliest surviving mosques in the world. The mosque was home to Ali ibn Abi Talib, the 4th Rashidun caliph; and contains the shrine of Muslim ibn Aqeel, his companion Hani ibn Urwa, and the revolutionary, Al-Mukhtar. The mosque has been significantly rebuilt and restored multiple times in its history.

Shrine
A shrine (Latin: scrinium "case or chest for books or papers"; Old French: escrin "box or case") is a sacred space dedicated to a specific deity, ancestor, hero, martyr, saint, daemon, or similar figure of respect, wherein they are venerated or worshipped. Shrines often contain idols, relics, or other such objects associated with the figure being venerated. A shrine at which votive offerings are made is called an altar.

Shrines are found in many of the world's religions, including Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Chinese folk religion, Shinto, indigenous Philippine folk religions, and Germanic paganism as well as in secular and non-religious settings such as a war memorial. Shrines can be found in various settings, such as churches, temples, cemeteries, or as household shrines. Portable shrines are also found in some cultures.
Bankruptcy in China
The Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the People's Republic of China (trial Implementation) was first passed in 1986.  On 1 June 2007, the new Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the PRC came into force.  It contains 136 articles, almost 100 more than the 1986 law it replaced, and consequently it is thought to be more complete legally.

The Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the PRC was adopted on August 27, 2006, and became effective since June 1, 2007.

Personal bankruptcy laws only exist in Hong Kong and Shenzhen.

The Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the PRC 2007 applies only to the mainland of China. Due to the "one country, two systems" policy of the PRC, different laws and regulations regarding to bankruptcy apply in Hong Kong and Macau.

One country, two systems
"One country, two systems" (1C2S) is a constitutional principle of the People's Republic of China (PRC) describing the governance of the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.

Deng Xiaoping developed the one country, two systems concept. This constitutional principle was formulated in the early 1980s during negotiations over Hong Kong between China and the United Kingdom. It provided that there would be only one China, but that each region would retain its own economic and administrative system. Under the principle, each of the two regions could continue to have its own governmental system, legal, economic and financial affairs, including trade relations with foreign countries, all of which are independent from those of the mainland. The PRC has also proposed to apply the principle toward unification with Taiwan; however, Taiwan has consistently rejected the proposal.
Chionodes dammersi
Chionodes dammersi is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from California and Arizona.

The larvae feed on Eriogonum elongatum, Eriogonum inflatum, Eriogonum abrorescens, Eriogonum fasciculatum, Eriogonum grande, Eriogonum latifolium and Eriogonum parvifolium.

Eriogonum parvifolium
Eriogonum parvifolium is a species in the family Polygonaceae that occurs on dune formations in the coastal area of Central and Southern California.  This evergreen shrub grows to a height of 30 to 100 centimeters with a spread of approximately the same dimension.  This plant is an important host for a number of pollinating insects including certain endangered species.  E. parvifolium occurs both on bluffs along the Pacific Ocean coast as well as Coastal Strand dunes formations, but is restricted to altitudes below 700 meters.  In at least one instance within the Carbonera Creek watershed, it occurs farther inland in a Maritime Coast Range Ponderosa Pine forest.  This shrub is also known by the common names dune buckwheat, coast buckwheat, cliff buckwheat, or seacliff buckwheat.
Equivalent (chemistry)
An equivalent (symbol: officially equiv; unofficially but often Eq) is the amount of a substance that reacts with (or is equivalent to) an arbitrary amount (typically one mole) of another substance in a given chemical reaction. It is an archaic quantity that was used in chemistry and the biological sciences (see Equivalent weight § In history). The mass of an equivalent is called its equivalent weight.

Valence (chemistry)
In chemistry, the valence (US spelling) or valency (British spelling) of an atom is a measure of its combining capacity with other atoms when it forms chemical compounds or molecules. Valence is generally understood to be the number of chemical bonds that each atom of a given chemical element typically forms. Double bonds are considered to be two bonds, triple bonds to be three, quadruple bonds to be four, quintuple bonds to be five and sextuple bonds to be six. In most compounds, the valence of hydrogen is 1, of oxygen is 2, of nitrogen is 3, and of carbon is 4. Valence is not to be confused with the related concepts of the coordination number, the oxidation state, or the number of valence electrons for a given atom.
Salacia (plant)
Salacia is a genus of plants in the family Celastraceae.  They are woody climbers naturally found in tropical regions.

Several species in this genus have been used in traditional medicine, such as the Ayurvedic system from India.

The chemical constituents of root bark include polyphenols such as salacinol, kotalanol, and mangiferin.

Celastraceae
The Celastraceae, also known as the staff-vine or bittersweet family, are a family of 98 genera and 1,350 species of herbs, vines, shrubs and small trees, belonging to the order Celastrales. The great majority of the genera are tropical, with only Celastrus (the staff vines), Euonymus (the spindles) and Maytenus widespread in temperate climates, and Parnassia (bog-stars) found in alpine and arctic climates.

Of the 98 currently recognized genera of the family Celastraceae, 19 are native to Madagascar and these include at least 57 currently recognized species. Six of these 19 genera (Brexiella, Evonymopsis, Hartogiopsis, Polycardia, Ptelidium, and Salvadoropsis) are endemic to Madagascar.
Rosewarne (surname)
Rosewarne is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dan Rosewarne (born 1981), New Zealand politician

Harold Rosewarne (1930–2018), Australian rules footballer

Keith Rosewarne (1924–2008), Australian rules footballer

Ken Rosewarne (1911–1987), Australian rules footballer

Dan Rosewarne
Daniel Peter Rosewarne (born 1981) is a New Zealand politician and former military officer. He was a Member of Parliament in the New Zealand House of Representatives for the New Zealand Labour Party from July 2022 until October 2023.
Lenny (instrumental)
"Lenny" is the tenth and final track on the first Stevie Ray Vaughan and Double Trouble album Texas Flood. The song is in 44 time and notated in the key of E flat major (but instruments are tuned down a half-step, so the chordal structure is in E). It is played very slowly and freely, with Vaughan alternating between jazz-inflected chords and solo runs. The main chord featured in the song is a movable major 6th chord to which Vaughan applies moderate vibrato with the tremolo bar. The solos incorporate the E major scale, the E minor pentatonic scale, and the E Minor blues scale. Its style is influenced by Jimi Hendrix ballads like "The Wind Cries Mary". The song was written and named for Vaughan's wife at the time, Lenora. Vaughan also named one of his guitars "Lenny", which he used on "Lenny" and on his later instrumental ballad, "Riviera Paradise". The track was often played at live shows.

Vibrato
Vibrato (Italian, from past participle of "vibrare", to vibrate) is a musical effect consisting of a regular, pulsating change of pitch. It is used to add expression to vocal and instrumental music. Vibrato is typically characterized in terms of two factors: the amount of pitch variation ("extent of vibrato") and the speed with which the pitch is varied ("rate of vibrato").

In singing, it can occur spontaneously through variations in the larynx. The vibrato of a string instrument and wind instrument is an imitation of that vocal function. Vibrato can also be reproduced mechanically (Leslie speaker) or electronically as an audio effect close to chorus.
Newquay railway station
Newquay railway station (Cornish: Tewynblustri) serves the town and seaside resort of Newquay in Cornwall, England. It is the terminus of the Atlantic Coast Line from Par, 302 miles 49 chains (302.61 miles, 487.01 km) from the zero point at London Paddington measured via Box and Plymouth Millbay. The station is situated in the heart of Newquay, close to the town centre itself and the beaches. The station is managed by Great Western Railway which operates local branch line services to and from Par. In the summer, there are also services to and from London.

Truro and Newquay Railway
The Truro and Newquay Railway was a Great Western Railway line in Cornwall, England, designed to keep the rival London and South Western Railway (LSWR) out of the west of the county.  The line was completed in 1905 and closed in 1963.
Nueva Ecija's 4th congressional district
Nueva Ecija's 4th congressional district is one of the four congressional districts of the Philippines in the province of Nueva Ecija. It has been represented in the House of Representatives since 1987. The district consists of the city of Gapan and adjacent municipalities in southern Nueva Ecija, namely Cabiao, General Tinio, Jaen, Peñaranda, San Antonio, San Isidro and San Leonardo. It is currently represented in the 18th Congress by Emerson D. Pascual of the Lakas–CMD.

San Leonardo, Nueva Ecija
San Leonardo, officially the Municipality of San Leonardo (Tagalog: Bayan ng San Leonardo), is a municipality in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 69,180 people.
Alekseyev Central Hydrofoil Design Bureau
Alekseyev Central Hydrofoil Design Bureau (Russian: Конструкторское бюро Алексеева) is a company based in Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia. It was named after Rostislav Alexeyev.

This design bureau has been designing hydrofoils, air cushion craft, and air cavity vessels for many years. It designed and manufactured several designs for wing-in-ground-effect vehicles, including the 400-ton Lun-class ekranoplan, 140-ton A-90 Orlyonok, and 20-ton Utka. The company also designed Spasatel and Lun-class ekranoplan.

Spasatel
Spasatel (Russian: Спасатель "Rescuer", "Lifesaver", Project 9038) is a ground-effect vehicle, originally planned by the Soviet Ministry of Defense. The vehicle was intended to serve as the missile carrier of the project Lun-class ekranoplan, but was then converted into an ambulance craft. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, construction was halted and the vehicle was never completed.

By 2018, Russia had revived the 600-metric-ton-maximum-takeoff-weight (1,300,000 lb; 600,000 kg) project, with plans to use it for search and rescue operations in the Arctic and Pacific, as well as cargo and troop delivery (up to 550 troops) to remote military bases.
The Castle Ball
The Castle Ball or Ball at the Castle (Italian: Ballo al castello) is a 1939 Italian "white-telephones" romantic comedy film directed by Max Neufeld and starring Alida Valli, Antonio Centa and Carlo Lombardi.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Ottavio Scotti.

Ottavio Scotti
Ottavio Scotti (1904–1975) was an Italian art director. Scotti was born in Umago, which was then part of Italy but is today in Croatia. He worked on more than a hundred films during his career, including Orson Welles's Black Magic which was shot at Cinecittà in Rome.
Faerdrefawr
Faerdrefawr is a small village in the community of Llandysul, Ceredigion, Wales, which is 62.2 miles (100 km) from Cardiff and 182 miles (293 km) from London. Faerdrefawr is represented in the Senedd by Elin Jones (Plaid Cymru) and is part of the 
Ceredigion Preseli constituency in the House of Commons.

Elin Jones
Elin Jones (born 1 September 1966), PC  MS is a Welsh politician who has served as the Llywydd of the Senedd since 2016. A member of Plaid Cymru, Jones has been the Member of the Senedd (MS) for Ceredigion since 1999.
1969 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's doubles
The 1969 World Table Tennis Championships men's doubles was the 30th edition of the men's doubles championship.
Hans Alsér and Kjell Johansson won the title after defeating Nobuhiko Hasegawa and Tokio Tasaka in the final by three sets to one.

Tokio Tasaka
Tokio Tasaka (田阪 登紀夫, Tasaka Tokio; born September 4, 1947) is a Japanese former international table tennis player.

He won seven World Table Tennis Championships medals; fours silver medals and three bronze medals. His doubles partners were Nobuhiko Hasegawa and Sachiko Yokota.

After retiring from table tennis he studied sports science at the Osaka Sports University and became a noted sports scientist.
Bobby's Kitten
Bobby's Kitten (foaled March 30, 2011 in Kentucky) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse who won the 2014 Breeders' Cup Turf Sprint. A dark bay or brown colt sired by Kitten's Joy, and homebred by his owners Kenneth and Sarah Ramsey, he is trained by Chad Brown. In 2013 he won his second race as a two-year-old before going on to win his first graded stakes race, the Grade III Pilgrim Stakes at Belmont Park. Both races were at 1+1⁄16 miles.   He contested the Breeders' Cup Juvenile Turf that year and finished third.  In his three-year-pld year, he won two minor races with uneven results in graded stakes competition until his come-from-last victory in the 2014 Breeders' Cup Turf Sprint at 6+1⁄2 furlongs.

Pilgrim Stakes
The Pilgrim Stakes is a Grade II American Thoroughbred horse race for two-year-olds over a distance of 1+1⁄16 miles on the turf track scheduled annually in late September at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York. The event currently offers a purse of $200,000.
Comuna 10
Comuna 10 is one of the 15 communes in which the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires is divided. It is made up of the neighborhoods of Villa Luro, Vélez Sársfield, Floresta, Monte Castro, Villa Real and Versalles. It is located in the west of the city, has an area of 12.7 km² and a total population of 166,022 according to the 2010 census of which 76,972 are men and 89,050 are women, which represent 46.4% and 53.6% of the commune respectively. The 2001 census registered 163,209 inhabitants, which represents an increase of 1.7%.

Floresta, Buenos Aires
Floresta is a neighbourhood located to the west of Buenos Aires. The district developed and was named after Buenos Aires Western Railway's first terminal station's area called La Floresta, in 1857.

Avellaneda Park, the neighborhood's most important, was built in 1914 on grounds that once belonged to a monastery. An early Italian immigrant to Argentina, Felix Barabino, built his home in Floresta and boasted the neighborhood's most imposing residence at the time. Today, it is home to the Floresta Cultural and Historical Society, which maintains a valuable library there.
Jacek
Jacek (Polish: [ˈjat͡sɛk] ⓘ) is a Polish given name of Greek origin related to Hyacinth, through the archaic form of Jacenty. Its closely related equivalents are: Jacinto (Spanish and Portuguese), Giacinto (Italian), Jácint (Hungarian) and Jacint (Catalan, shortened to Cint or Cinto following the Catalan tradition of hypocorising through apheresis).

Apheresis (linguistics)
In phonetics and phonology, apheresis (/əˈfɛrɪsɪs, əˈfɪərɪsɪs/; British English: aphaeresis) is a sound change in which a word-initial vowel is lost, e.g., American >  'Merican. In a broader sense, it can refer to the loss of any initial sound (including consonants) from a word or, in a less technical sense, to the loss of one or more sounds from the beginning of a word. The more specific term aphesis (and its adjective aphetic) is sometimes used to refer to the loss of unstressed vowels.
Isaac Asimov Presents The Great SF Stories 20 (1958)
Isaac Asimov Presents The Great SF Stories 20 (1958) is the twentieth volume of Isaac Asimov Presents The Great SF Stories, which is a series of short story collections, edited by Isaac Asimov and Martin H. Greenberg, which attempts to list the great science fiction stories from the Golden Age of Science Fiction. They date the Golden Age as beginning in 1939 and lasting until 1963. This volume was originally published by DAW books in February 1990.

DAW Books
DAW Books is an American science fiction and fantasy publisher, founded by Donald A. Wollheim,  with his wife, Elsie B. Wollheim, following his departure from Ace Books in 1971. The company claims to be "the first publishing company ever devoted exclusively to science fiction and fantasy." The first DAW Book published was the 1972 short story collection Spell of the Witch World by Andre Norton.
West Coast Infrastructure Exchange
The West Coast Infrastructure Exchange (WCX), a State/Provincial Government-level partnership between California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia that was launched in 2012, conducts business case evaluations for selected infrastructure projects and connects private investment with public infrastructure opportunities. The platform aims to replace traditional approaches to infrastructure financing and development with "performance-based infrastructure" marked by projects that are funded where possible by internal rates of return, as opposed to tax dollars, and evaluated according to life-cycle social, ecological and economic impacts, as opposed to capacity addition and capital cost.

Productive capacity
Productive capacity is the maximum possible output of an economy. According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), no agreed-upon definition of maximum output exists. UNCTAD itself proposes: "the productive resources, entrepreneurial capabilities and production linkages which together determine the capacity of a country to produce goods and services." The term may also be applied to individual resources or assets; for instance the productive capacity of an area of farmland.
ABFC Cape Nelson
ABFC Cape Nelson, named after Cape Nelson in Victoria, is a Cape-class patrol boat of the marine unit of the Australian Border Force.

The ship was the third of eight Cape-class patrol boats to be delivered to the Australian Border Force. The boat, built by Austal in Henderson, Western Australia, had its keel laid in August 2013 and the ship was launched in May 2014.

Austal was awarded a $350 million contract to construct eight Cape-class patrol boats for the Australian Border Force to replace the Bay-class patrol boats in 2011, with the eight boats delivered between 2013 and 2015.

Marine Unit (Australian Border Force)
The Marine Unit, formerly the Australian Customs Service National Marine Unit, is a division of the Australian Border Force (ABF) which acts as a coast guard for guarding Australia's coast. The Marine Unit focuses on surveillance and response activities within the Australian Exclusive Economic Zone, and the operation and training of ships and crews for these functions.
1979 Northwest Territories general election
The 1979 Northwest Territories general election was held on October 1, 1979.

Twenty-two members were elected to the Northwest Territories Legislative Assembly. In 1980, George Braden was named "Government Leader", the first democratic leader of the Northwest Territories since Frederick Haultain in 1905 and the first of its modern boundaries. In 1994, he was retroactively given the title Premier of the Northwest Territories.

Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories
The Northwest Territories Legislative Assembly, or Legislative Council of the Northwest Territories (with Northwest hyphenated as North-West until 1906), is the legislature and the seat of government of Northwest Territories in Canada. It is a unicameral elected body that creates and amends law in the Northwest Territories. Permanently located in Yellowknife since 1993, the assembly was founded in 1870 and became active in 1872 with the first appointments from the Government of Canada.

Until 2014, the assembly was officially defined under federal law as "Legislative Council". However, under Northwest Territories territorial law, it was defined as "Legislative Assembly". The federal name was changed when the Northwest Territories Act was rewritten in 2014. Under different periods of its history it has alternated names.

Members of the Legislative Assembly are sworn in by the commissioner of the Northwest Territories.
AxKit
Apache AxKit was an XML Apache publishing framework run by the Apache foundation written in Perl. It provided conversion from XML to any format, such as HTML, WAP or text using either W3C standard techniques, or flexible custom code.

AxKit was a standard tool in early digital humanities presentation work, being used to convert formats such as Text Encoding Initiative XML to HTML. It is still used by some institutions, but software such as eXist and Apache Cocoon is normally used in modern projects.

Apache Axkit was retired in August 2009.

Apache Cocoon
Apache Cocoon, usually abbreviated as Cocoon, is a web application framework built around the concepts of Pipeline, separation of concerns, and component-based web development.  The framework focuses on XML and XSLT publishing and is built using the Java programming language.  Cocoon's use of XML is intended to improve compatibility of publishing formats, such as HTML and PDF. The content management systems Apache Lenya and Daisy have been created on top of the framework.  Cocoon is also commonly used as a data warehousing ETL tool or as middleware for transporting data between systems.
2-MCPD
2-MCPD (2-chloropropane-1,3-diol) is an organic chemical compound with the formula ClCH(CH2(OH))2.  It is a colorless liquid.  The compound has attracted notoreity as a food contaminant.  Together with the 3-MCPD, it is one of two chloropropanols food contaminants.  It is suspected to be carcinogenic in humans.

2-MCPD, together with its isomer 3-MCPD, is thought to be produced when fat-containing foods are treated at high temperatures with hydrochloric acid. Such treatments are sometimes used to accelerate protein hydrolysis, making food more digestable.  In such a treatment chloride is thought to react with the glycerol backbone of lipids to produce 2- and 3-MCPD.

Chloropropanol
Chloropropanols are chlorohydrins related to propanols containing chloride functional group.  Eight isomers are possible. Two of these derivatives, 1,3-dichloropropanol (1,3-DCP) and 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), are carcinogenic contaminants in processed foods.  Several isomers are encountered in industrial chemistry.

Monochloropropanols:

2-Chloro-1-propanol

3-Chloro-1-propanol

1-Chloro-2-propanol

Dichloropropanols:

1,2-Dichloropropanol

1,3-Dichloropropanol (1,3-DCP)

Chloropropanediols:

3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD)

2-Chloropropane-1,3-diol