hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Route Napoléon
The Route Napoléon is the route taken by Napoleon I in 1815 on his return from Elba. It is now concurrent with sections of routes N85, D1085, D4085, and D6085.

The route begins at Golfe-Juan, where Napoleon disembarked on 1 March 1815, beginning the Hundred Days that ended at Waterloo. Napoleon led around 1,000 men, horses and equipment, and completed the journey in less than seven days, reaching Grenoble on 7 March 1815. From there he proceeded to Paris, where, as Balzac wrote, 'France gave herself to Napoleon, just as a pretty girl abandons herself to a Lancer'.

The Route was inaugurated in 1932 and meanders from the French Riviera north-northwest along the foothills of the Alps. Among the highlights of the route are the towns of Grasse, Castellane and Sisteron, and the Gorges du Verdon, which can be reached with a slight diversion from the main route.

Elba
Elba (Italian: isola d'Elba, pronounced [ˈiːzola ˈdelba]; Latin: Ilva) is a Mediterranean island in Tuscany, Italy, 10 km (6.2 mi) from the coastal town of Piombino on the Italian mainland, and the largest island of the Tuscan Archipelago. It is also part of the Arcipelago Toscano National Park, and the third largest island in Italy, after Sicily and Sardinia. It is located in the Tyrrhenian Sea about 50 km (30 mi) east of the French island of Corsica.

The island is part of the province of Livorno and is divided into seven municipalities, with a total population of about 30,000 inhabitants which increases considerably during the summer. The municipalities are Portoferraio (which is also the island's principal town), Campo nell'Elba, Capoliveri, Marciana, Marciana Marina, Porto Azzurro, and Rio.

It is famous for being the site of Napoleon's first exile, from 1814 to 1815.
Jack Ross (Australian soldier)
John Campbell Ross (11 March 1899 – 3 June 2009), at the time of his death, was Australia's oldest living person and the last surviving Australian enlisted soldier from the World War I period. As a civilian, Ross worked for Victorian Railways until he retired in 1964.

Victorian Railways
The Victorian Railways (VR), trading from 1974 as VicRail, was the state-owned operator of most rail transport in the Australian state of Victoria from 1859 to 1983. The first railways in Victoria were private companies, but when these companies failed or defaulted, the Victorian Railways was established to take over their operations. Most of the lines operated by the Victorian Railways were of 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm). However, the railways also operated up to five 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge lines between 1898 and 1962, and a 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge line between Albury and Melbourne from 1961.
Millstein
Millstein is a surname that may either be a variant of Milstein, an occupational Ashkenazi surname for a miller, or an Americanized spelling of German Mühlstein, which may either be a nickname for a heavy person or a toponymic surname from the historic village of Mühlstein in Baden-Württemberg, derived from the Middle High German word for millstone. Notable people with the surname include:

Ira Millstein (1926–2024), American antitrust lawyer, author and professor

Roberta Millstein (fl. 1988–present), American philosopher and professor

Todd Millstein (fl. 1996–present), American computer scientist and professor

Millstone
Millstones or mill stones are stones used in gristmills, used for triturating, crushing or, more specifically, grinding wheat or other grains. They are sometimes referred to as grindstones or grinding stones.

Millstones come in pairs: a stationary base with a convex rim known as the bedstone (or nether millstone) and a concave-rimmed runner stone that rotates. The movement of the runner on top of the bedstone creates a "scissoring" action that grinds grain trapped between the stones. Millstones are constructed so that their shape and configuration help to channel ground flour to the outer edges of the mechanism for collection.

The runner stone is supported by a cross-shaped metal piece (millrind or rynd) fixed to a "mace head" topping the main shaft or spindle leading to the driving mechanism of the mill (wind, water (including  tide), or other means).
USS Voyager
USS Voyager can refer to:

USS Voyager (SP-361), a motorboat that served in the United States Navy from 1917 to 1919 and in the United States Coast Guard from 1919 to c. 1936

USS Voyager (Star Trek) (NCC-74656), a fictional starship that is the primary setting for the television series Star Trek: Voyager

USS Voyager (SP-361)
USS Voyager (SP-361) was a wooden-hulled motorboat of the United States Navy. She was built at Bay City, Michigan, by the Defoe Boat and Motor Works company, was acquired by the Navy from H. J. Defoe in July 1917.

Although listed in the 1918 edition of Ship's Data:  U.S. Naval Vessels as being delivered and commissioned on 25 July 1917, Voyager's extant logs do not begin until on 1 September 1917.  Nevertheless, they indicate that the first men actually reported on board for duty as early as on 13 July 1917, 12 days before the delivery/commissioning date given in the Ship's Data: U.S. Naval Vessels for 1918.
Irish Film & Television Academy
The Irish Film & Television Academy (IFTA; Irish: Acadamh Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann) is an all-Ireland organisation focused on film and television. It has about 1000 members, and is based in Dublin, with branches in London and Los Angeles. The IFTA now holds separate ceremonies for the IFTA Film & Drama Awards and IFTA Gala Television Awards; Before 2015, they were one ceremony, known as the Irish Film & Television Awards. IFTA also holds the John Ford Ireland Symposium each June and over 30 networking and learning events throughout the year.

IFTA also established John Ford Ireland in 2011, in association with the estate of American director John Ford and the Department of Culture, Heritage, and the Gaeltacht.

All-Ireland
All-Ireland (sometimes All-Island) is a term used to describe organisations and events whose interests extend over the entire island of Ireland, as opposed to the separate jurisdictions of the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. "All-Ireland" is most frequently used to refer to sporting teams or events for the entire island, but also has related meanings in politics and religion.
2013 Western Canada Cup
The 2013 Western Canada Cup was played April 26–May 5, 2013 at Nanaimo, British Columbia.  This was the first season for the Western Canada Cup, which succeeded the Anavet and Doyle Cups to decide the two western Canada entries in the Royal Bank Cup, Canada's Junior A ice hockey championship.

The Surrey Eagles (British Columbia) and Brooks Bandits (Alberta) finished first and second, respectively, and thereby qualified for the 2013 Royal Bank Cup.  The other teams competing were the Yorkton Terriers (Saskatchewan), Steinbach Pistons (Manitoba), and the host Nanaimo Clippers.

Surrey Eagles
The Surrey Eagles are a junior ice hockey team based in Surrey, British Columbia, Canada. They are members of the Coastal East Division of the British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL). They play their home games at South Surrey Arena.
Aquimarina agarivorans
Aquimarina agarivorans  is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, from the genus Aquimarina. It has been isolated from the red algae Gelidium amansii, from the intertidal zone of Weihai in China.

Gelidium amansii
Gelidium amansii, also known as by its Korean name umutgasari, is an economically important species of red algae commonly found and harvested in the shallow coast (3 to 10 m or 10 to 33 ft of depth below the water) of many East Asian countries including North and South Korea, China, Japan, Singapore, and northeast Taiwan.
NK Zagorec Krapina
Nogometni Klub Zagorec Krapina (English: Football Club Zagorec Krapina) is a Croatian football club based in the town of Krapina. The club was founded in 1908. They play their home matches at Stadion ŠRC Podgora.

Zagorec is the most successful club in Zagorje County, having played five consecutive seasons in the Croatian Second League (2HNL) from 1995 to 2000. The "golden era" of the club was in the 1997–1998 season, when they finished third, winning a place in the qualification playoffs for the 1HNL. They were placed in the second qualification group along with Nk Cibalia Vinkovci and Rnk Split. However, after a win and a draw Cibalia qualified above them.

Krapina
Krapina (pronounced [krâpina]; Hungarian: Korpona) is a town in northern Croatia and the administrative centre of Krapina-Zagorje County with a population of 4,201 and a total municipality population of 11,530. Krapina is located in the Zagorje region of Croatia, approximately 55 km (34 mi) from both Zagreb and Varaždin.
Jay Chevalier
Joe J. Chevalier, known as Jay Chevalier  (March 4, 1936 – March 30, 2019), was an American singer and songwriter from Louisiana who achieved success in several musical genres since the late 1950s.  A pioneer of rockabilly music, he is best known within Louisiana for his songs based on politics, sports, and his love for his home state. The first "Official State Troubadour," he is an inductee to the Rockabilly Hall of Fame, the Louisiana Music Hall of Fame, Songwriters Hall of Fame, and the Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame

Songwriters Hall of Fame
The Songwriters Hall of Fame (SHOF) is an American institution founded in 1969 by songwriter Johnny Mercer, music publisher/songwriter Abe Olman, and publisher/executive Howie Richmond to honor those whose work preserves and advances the heritage of English-language popular music. In addition to celebrating renowned songwriters, the organization supports the development of new songwriting talent through workshops, showcases, and scholarships. Nile Rodgers, since 2018, has been Chairman.
Małoszów, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Małoszów [maˈwɔʂuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skalbmierz, within Kazimierza County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south-west of Skalbmierz, 9 km (6 mi) west of Kazimierza Wielka, and 70 km (43 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

Kazimierza Wielka
Kazimierza Wielka ([kaʑiˈmʲɛʐa ˈvʲɛlka] ⓘ) is a town in southern Poland, in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. It lies approximately 45 kilometres (28 miles) northeast of Kraków. It is the administrative seat of Kazimierza County. With a population of 5,848 (2005), it is the smallest county seat in Poland. Kazimierza Wielka is located in Lesser Poland Upland and historically belongs to the province of Lesser Poland. For most of its history, it was a village, and did not receive its town charter until 1959.
Codimension
In mathematics, codimension is a basic geometric idea that applies to subspaces in vector spaces, to submanifolds in manifolds, and suitable subsets of algebraic varieties.

For affine and projective algebraic varieties, the codimension equals the height of the defining ideal. For this reason, the height of an ideal is often called its codimension.

The dual concept is relative dimension.

Constraint (mathematics)
In mathematics, a constraint is a condition of an optimization problem that the solution must satisfy. There are several types of constraints—primarily equality constraints, inequality constraints, and integer constraints. The set of candidate solutions that satisfy all constraints is called the feasible set.
Henry Dawson (cricketer)
Henry Dawson (23 August 1791 – 21 December 1889) was an amateur English cricketer.

Dawson represented Hampshire in a single match in 1819 against Epsom Cricket Club. Dawson also played a single important match for the Old Etonians against the Gentlemen of England. Dawson also represented the Old Etonians against the Marylebone Cricket Club in a minor match.

Dawson died at Torquay, Devon on 21 December 1889.

Amateur sports
Amateur sports are sports in which participants engage largely or entirely without remuneration. The distinction is made between amateur sporting participants and professional sporting participants, who are paid for the time they spend competing and training. In the majority of sports which feature professional players, the professionals will participate at a higher standard of play than amateur competitors, as they can train full-time without the stress of having another job. The majority of worldwide sporting participants are amateurs.

Sporting amateurism was a zealously guarded ideal in the 19th century, especially among the upper classes, but faced steady erosion throughout the 20th century with the continuing growth of pro sports and monetisation of amateur and collegiate sports, and is now strictly held as an ideal by fewer and fewer organisations governing sports, even as they maintain the word "amateur" in their titles.
Lime Rock Grand Prix
The Lime Rock Grand Prix (2010 name: Memorial Day Classic) is a sports car race held at Lime Rock Park in Lakeville, Connecticut, United States on the Memorial Day weekend. It had been a part of the Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series,  SCCA National Sports Car Championship, USAC Road Racing Championship, Trans-Am Series, IMSA GT Championship and United States Road Racing Championship.  The revived version in 2017 is for the United States Auto Club Pirelli World Challenge.

SCCA National Sports Car Championship
The SCCA National Sports Car Championship was a sports car racing series organized by the Sports Car Club of America from 1951 until 1964.  It was the first post-World War II sports car series organized in the United States.  An amateur championship, it was eventually replaced by the professional United States Road Racing Championship and the amateur American Road Race of Champions, which continues to this day as the SCCA National Championship Runoffs.
William N. McKelvy Sr.
William Nessler McKelvy Sr. (July 15, 1869 – September 22, 1933) was an American officer born in Allegheny, Pennsylvania and serving in the United States Marine Corps during the Spanish–American War who was one of 23 Marine Corps officers approved to receive the Marine Corps Brevet Medal for bravery. He graduated from the US Naval Academy in 1891, and was commissioned in the Marine Corps in 1893.

Allegheny, Pennsylvania
Allegheny City was a municipality that existed in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania from 1788 until it was annexed by Pittsburgh in 1907. It was located north across the Allegheny River from downtown Pittsburgh, with its southwest border formed by the Ohio River, and is known as the North Side. The city's waterfront district, along the Allegheny and Ohio rivers, became Pittsburgh's North Shore neighborhood.

The boundary of Allegheny City encompassed the modern Pittsburgh neighborhoods of Allegheny Center, Allegheny West, Brighton Heights, California-Kirkbride, Central Northside, Chateau, East Allegheny, Fineview, Manchester, Marshall-Shadeland, North Shore, Perry South, Spring Hill–City View, and Troy Hill; most of Perry North; and parts of Northview Heights and Spring Garden.
Karl Wilhelm Isenberg
Karl Wilhelm Isenberg (5 September 1806 – 10 October 1864), spelt or known by names Carl Wilhelm Isenberg, Charles William Isenberg, C. W. Isenberg, Carl W. Isenberg or Charles Isenberg, was a German Church Missionary Society missionary and linguist to East Africa and Western India.

Isenberg compiled a dictionary and comprehensive grammar of the Amharic language, including several vocabularies in the Afar and Oromo languages. He also translated the Anglican Book of Common Prayer into Marathi and Amharic and assisted revisions of Bible translations into those languages. He was related to Hermann Hesse.

Hermann Hesse
Hermann Karl Hesse (German: [ˈhɛʁman ˈhɛsə] ⓘ; 2 July 1877 – 9 August 1962) was a German-Swiss poet and novelist, and winner of the 1946 Nobel Prize in Literature. His interest in Eastern religious, spiritual, and philosophical traditions, combined with his involvement with Jungian analysis, helped to shape his literary work. His best-known novels include Demian, Steppenwolf, Siddhartha, Narcissus and Goldmund, and The Glass Bead Game, each of which explores an individual's search for authenticity, self-knowledge, and spirituality.

Hesse was a widely read author in German-speaking countries during his lifetime, but his more enduring international fame did not come until a few years after his death, when, in the mid-1960s, his works became enormously popular with post-World War II generation readers in the United States, Europe, and elsewhere.
Protome batalaria
Protome is an extinct genus of parasuchid phytosaur from the Late Triassic of Arizona, represented by a single species, Protome batalaria. It is known from a single holotype incomplete, partially disarticulated skull and left lower jaw called PEFO 34034 from the Upper Lot's Wife beds, Sonsela Member of the Chinle Formation in Petrified Forest National Park. The skull was discovered in 2004 by Michelle Stocker and Bill Parker and was described by them as a specimen of Smilosuchus adamanensis (then a species of Leptosuchus). It was placed in the new genus Protome in 2012. The genus name Protome is the Greek word for an animal's face. The specific name batalaria is the Latin word for battleship, which is a reference to Battleship NW, the locality within Petrified Forest where the skull was found.

Late Triassic
The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch of the Triassic Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between 237 Ma and 201.4 Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch and followed by the Early Jurassic Epoch. The corresponding series of rock beds is known as the Upper Triassic. The Late Triassic is divided into the Carnian, Norian and Rhaetian ages.

Many of the first dinosaurs evolved during the Late Triassic, including Plateosaurus, Coelophysis, Herrerasaurus, and Eoraptor. The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event began during this epoch and  is one of the five major mass extinction events of the Earth.
Kasia Kulesza
Kasia Kulesza (born August 29, 1976 in Warsaw) is a Canadian competitor in synchronised swimming and Olympic medalist.

She participated on the Canadian team that received a silver medal in synchronized team at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta.

She received a gold medal in duet with Jacinthe Taillon at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur.

1998 Commonwealth Games
The 1998 Commonwealth Games (Malay: Sukan Komanwel 1998), officially known as the XVI Commonwealth Games (Malay: Sukan Komanwel ke-16), were a multi-sport event held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The 1998 Games were the first to be held in Asia, and the last Commonwealth Games of the 20th century. For the first time ever, the Games included team sports. Around 3,638 athletes from 70 Commonwealth member nations participated at the Games, which featured 214 events in 15 sports with 34 of them collected medals.
Diego Markwell
Diegomar Raymundo "Diego" Markwell (born August 8, 1980 in Willemstad, Curaçao) is a Curaçaoan former professional baseball pitcher. He pitched for the Netherlands national team in many tournaments. He played in Minor League Baseball for seven seasons and briefly played in the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) for the Macoto Cobras in 2007. He also pitched in more than 200 games in the Honkbal Hoofklasse.

Willemstad
Willemstad (/ˈwɪləmstɑːt, ˈvɪl-/ WIL-əm-staht, VIL-; Dutch: [ˈʋɪləmstɑt]; Papiamento: [wiləmˈstad]) is the capital and largest city of Curaçao, an island in the southern Caribbean Sea that is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It was the capital of the Netherlands Antilles prior to that entity's dissolution in 2010. The city counts to have around 90% of Curaçao's population, with 136,660 inhabitants as of 2011. The historic centre of the city consists of four quarters: the Punda and Otrobanda, which are separated by the Sint Anna Bay, an inlet that leads into the large natural harbour called the Schottegat, as well as the Scharloo and Pietermaai Smal quarters, which are across from each other on the smaller Waaigat harbour. Willemstad is home to the Curaçao synagogue, the oldest surviving synagogue in the Americas. The city centre, with its unique architecture and harbour entry, has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Hardy Nickerson
Hardy Otto Nickerson Sr. (born September 1, 1965) is an American former professional football player and coach.  He played as a linebacker for four teams over 16 seasons in the National Football League (NFL) from 1987 to 2002. He played college football for the California Golden Bears. He was selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the fifth round of the 1987 NFL draft. Nickerson spent the prime of his career with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. The hiring of head coaches Sam Wyche and Tony Dungy allowed him to play in the middle in a 4–3 defense for both coaches; Nickerson played in a 3–4 defense with the Steelers. While playing in the 4–3, he went to five Pro Bowls, and was selected for the National Football League 1990s All-Decade Team.

On December 17, 2025 he was named as head coach at JSerra Catholic High School in San Juan Capistrano, CA.

California Golden Bears football
The California Golden Bears football program represents the University of California, Berkeley, in college football as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference at the NCAA Division I FBS level. They were previously a member of the Pac-12 Conference. The team plays its home games at California Memorial Stadium and was most recently coached by Justin Wilcox before his firing following the 2025 Big Game. Since beginning of play in 1886, the team has won five NCAA recognized national titles — 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1937 — and 14 conference championships, the last one in 2006. It has also produced what are considered to be two of the oddest and most memorable plays in college football: Roy "Wrong Way" Riegels' fumble recovery at the 1929 Rose Bowl and The Play kickoff return in the 1982 Big Game.
McMansion Hell
McMansion Hell is a blog that humorously critiques McMansions, large suburban homes typically built from the 1980s to 2008 and known for their stylistic attempt to create the appearance of affluence using mass-produced architecture. The website is run by Kate Wagner, an architecture critic who holds a master's degree in audio science with a specialty in architectural acoustics from Johns Hopkins University's Peabody Conservatory.

Peabody Institute
The Peabody Institute of the Johns Hopkins University is a private music and dance conservatory and preparatory school in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1857, it became affiliated with Johns Hopkins in 1977.
.ie
.ie is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) which corresponds with the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code for Ireland. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) list the Computing Services Computer Centre of University College Dublin as its sponsoring organisation for the .ie domain. Since 2000 the business of administrating the domain registry has been handled by IE Domain Registry Limited. Domain name registration is open to individuals located in, or with a significant connection with, any part of the island of Ireland.

ISO 3166-1 alpha-2
ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes are two-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166-1, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), to represent countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. They are the most widely used of the country codes published by ISO (the others being alpha-3 and numeric), and are used most prominently for the Internet's country code top-level domains (with a few exceptions). They were first included as part of the ISO 3166 standard in its first edition in 1974.