hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Treadmill of destruction
The  treadmill of destruction refers to the global phenomenon that the past and on-going military activities/expenditures and societal-environmental interactions, warrants for the significant degradation of the environment. With the modernization of warfare present today, the rapid advancement of mass destructive weapons, along with the magnitude of the war, signify the amount of major factors to the substantial stress and toll that militarisation has created on co-existing ecosystems and environments. Although the negative impacts of the environment posed by that militarisation are succinct, societal-environmental interactions have also contributed to the precedent series of environmental crises that society encounters today, which are overlooked and to an extent, ignored.

Environmental impact of war
Study of the environmental impact of war focuses on the modernization of warfare and its increasing effects on the environment. Scorched earth methods have been used for much of recorded history. However, the methods of modern warfare cause far greater devastation on the environment. The progression of warfare from chemical weapons to nuclear weapons has increasingly created stress on ecosystems and the environment. Wars have generally a detrimental effects on environmental policy which can last for 20-30 years after the conflict. When wars create energy shortage and rise of fossil fuel prices, it disrupts global climate action. The military sector is responsible for around 5.5% of global GHG emissions (not counting emissions from the conflicts themself), which are not included in GHG assessments on global and country level.
Kennedy J. Reed
Kennedy J. Reed (May 24, 1944 – June 20, 2023) was an American theoretical atomic physicist in the Theory Group in the Physics & Advanced Technologies Directorate at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and a founder of the National Physical Science Consortium (NPSC), a group of about 30 universities that provides physics fellowships for women and minorities.

Reed earned his Ph.D. at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, was a professor of physics at Morehouse College, in Atlanta, Georgia and is known for his work related to ionization and atomic collisions in high temperature plasmas. In his career, he published more than 100 papers.

Demonstrating a commitment to improving the participation of minority and female students in the physical sciences, Dr. Reed helped more than 100 such students to earn their doctorates and, through the NPSC consortium, awarded over 300 graduate fellowships.

Ionization
Ionization or ionisation is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons, often in conjunction with other chemical changes. The resulting electrically charged atom or molecule is called an ion. Ionization can result from the loss of an electron after collisions with subatomic particles, collisions with other atoms, molecules, electrons, positrons, protons, antiprotons, and ions, or through the interaction with electromagnetic radiation. Heterolytic bond cleavage and heterolytic substitution reactions can result in the formation of ion pairs. Ionization can occur through radioactive decay by the internal conversion process, in which an excited nucleus transfers its energy to one of the inner-shell electrons causing it to be ejected.
Hand of the Dead Body
"Hand of the Dead Body" is a hip-hop song written and performed by American rappers Scarface and Ice Cube. It was released in late 1994 via Rap-A-Lot Records as the second single from Scarface's third solo studio album The Diary. Produced by Uncle Eddie, Scarface himself, Mike Dean and N.O. Joe, it features an uncredited additional vocals from Devin the Dude on the chorus.

In the United States, the single peaked at number 74 on the Billboard Hot 200, number 39 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, number 57 on the R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay, number nine on the Hot Rap Songs and number 22 on the Dance Singles Sales charts. It also made it to number 41 on the UK singles chart and number 12 on the Official Dance Singles Chart in the United Kingdom.

The song's lyrics is centered on the government, the media and music critics who are quick to attack gangsta rap for violence on the streets. A music video featuring Scarface and Ice Cube rapping in a conference was also released.

Dance Singles Sales
The Dance Singles Sales was a record chart released weekly by Billboard magazine listing each week's best-selling dance singles in the United States. Its previous names include Hot Dance/Disco 12-inch Singles Sales (1985–1987), Hot Dance Music 12-inch Singles Sales (1987–1992), and Hot Dance Music Maxi-Singles Sales (1992–2003). The chart was compiled from a national sample of retail stores, mass merchants, and internet sales reports collected and provided by Nielsen SoundScan. It was launched on the issue dated March 16, 1985, with the first number-one single being "New Attitude"/"Axel F", a split single by Patti LaBelle and Harold Faltermeyer from Beverly Hills Cop soundtrack. The chart became defunct after the issue dated November 30, 2013, with Borgore's "Wild Out" (featuring Waka Flocka Flame and Paige) as its final number-one single.
The Best of The Byrds: Greatest Hits, Volume II
The Best of The Byrds: Greatest Hits, Volume II is the third greatest hits album by the American rock band the Byrds, but only the second to be released in the United States, since the earlier The Byrds' Greatest Hits Volume II had only been issued in the UK.  The album was released in the U.S. by Columbia Records on November 10, 1972 (see 1972 in music) in lieu of any new Byrds' product during that year.  It spent a total of thirteen weeks on the Billboard Top LPs & Tape chart and peaked at number 114.

He Was a Friend of Mine
"He Was a Friend of Mine" is a traditional folk song in which the singer laments the death of a friend. Ethnomusicologist Alan Lomax was the first to collect the song, in 1939, describing it as a "blues" that was "a dirge for a dead comrade."

The Byrds issued a reworded version of the song in 1965, with lyrics that lament the assassination of John F. Kennedy. Since then, other artists have adapted the lyrics to talk about different murders, including those of John Lennon and George Floyd.
Pleasure and Pain (Theatres des Vampires album)
Pleasure and Pain is the seventh studio album by the Italian gothic metal band Theatres des Vampires. It is the first album after Lord Vampyr's departure, and the first to feature Sonya Scarlet as the main vocalist of the band as well as being the last to feature Robert Cufaro on guitar.

Alessandro Nunziati
Alessandro Nunziati (born 16 September 1972), better known by his stage name Lord Vampyr, is an Italian musician, record producer and writer, famous for being the former vocalist of the gothic metal band Theatres des Vampires, as well as one of its founding members. He has many musical projects under his belt, in addition to Lord Vampyr, a gothic metal band, Malamorte, with a black metal sound, The Tomb, a completely death metal band, Perversa with a Satanic Black Metal sound, and Alex Nunziati project, a Horror heavy metal band.
Three Queens
Three Queens is a prominent 6,693-foot (2,040-metre) triple-summit mountain located in the Cascade Range, in Kittitas County of Washington state. It is set within the Alpine Lakes Wilderness on land managed by Wenatchee National Forest. The East Peak is the highest, and its subpeaks are the Middle Peak (6,600 ft; 2,000 m), and West Peak (6,400 ft; 2,000 m). Three Queens is set 6.5 miles (10.5 km) east-northeast of Snoqualmie Pass, on Chikamin Ridge, 2.76 miles (4.44 km) southeast of its nearest higher neighbor, Chikamin Peak. The Pacific Crest Trail traverses the west slope of Three Queens as it crosses the gap between Four Brothers and Three Queens. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into tributaries of the Yakima River drainage basin. The first ascent was likely made in 1925 by a party of eight Mountaineers led by Glen Bremerman and C. A. Fisher. This mountain's toponym was officially adopted in 1940 by the United States Board on Geographic Names.

United States Board on Geographic Names
The United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) is a federal body operating under the United States secretary of the interior. The purpose of the board is to establish and maintain uniform usage of geographic names throughout the federal government of the United States.
Cavaso del Tomba
Cavaso del Tomba is a comune with about 3000 inhabitants in the province of Treviso, Veneto, north-eastern Italy.  The municipality of Cavaso is spread over the southern flank of the buttress that extends from Monte Grappa towards the Piave River.  It includes various villages, along its main road: Obledo, Caniezza, Paveion, Pieve, Vettorazzi, Granigo and Virago.

Piave (river)
The Piave (Italian: [ˈpjaːve]; Latin: Plavis) is a river in Northeast Italy. It begins in the Alps and flows southeast for 220 kilometres (140 mi) into the Adriatic Sea near the city of Venice.  One of its tributaries is the Boite.

In 1809 it was the scene of a battle during the Napoleonic Wars, in which Franco-Italian and Austrian forces clashed.

In 1918, during World War I, it was the scene of Battle of the Piave River, the last major Austro-Hungarian attack on the Italian front, which failed. The Battle of the Piave River was a decisive battle of World War I on the Italian Front. In Italy the river is thus called Fiume Sacro alla Patria (Sacred River of the Homeland) and is mentioned in the patriotic song "La leggenda del Piave". It was eventually followed by the Battle of Vittorio Veneto later that year.
Swimming at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships – Men's 200 metre individual medley
The men's 200 metre individual medley (IM) at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships took place on 28 March (heats and semifinals) and on the evening of 29 March (final) at Rod Laver Arena in Melbourne, Australia. 79 swimmers were entered in the event, of which 74 swam.

Existing records at the start of the event were:

World record (WR): 1:55.84, Michael Phelps (USA), 20 August 2006 in Victoria, Canada.

Championship record (CR): 1:56.04, Michael Phelps (USA), Barcelona 2003 (25 July 2003)

2006 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships
The tenth edition of the Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, a long course (50 m) event, was held in 2006 in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, from August 17–20. Six world records were tallied compared to one from the 2002 edition. This edition was slower than it would have been because of the lack of a full strength Australian team, one of the strongest teams in the world. This made it a common situation that swimmers in the B final were swimming fast enough to place in the top 3 since no country is allowed to have more than 2 swimmers in either final heat.
Melanie Makes Me Smile
"Melanie Makes Me Smile" is a 1970 song written by English songwriters Barry Mason and Tony Macaulay. A version by Tony Burrows was released in April 1970, and reached No. 87 in the US. Macaulay also produced Burrows' single. Burrows had previously recorded Mason and Macauley's "Love Grows (Where My Rosemary Goes)" (January 1970) as lead singer of Edison Lighthouse.

A cover version of "Melanie Makes Me Smile" was released by Australian pop group The Strangers in June 1970, and it became a top 10 hit there in September.

Tony Macaulay
Tony Macaulay (born Anthony Gordon Instone; 21 April 1944) is an English author, composer for musical theatre, and songwriter. He has won the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors Award twice as 'Songwriter of the Year' (1970 and 1977). He is a nine time Ivor Novello Award winning songwriter. In 2007, he became the only British person to win the Edwin Forrest Award for outstanding contribution to the American theatre. Macaulay's best-known songs include "Baby Now That I've Found You" and "Build Me Up Buttercup" with The Foundations, "(Last Night) I Didn't Get to Sleep at All," as well as "Love Grows (Where My Rosemary Goes)" and "Don't Give Up on Us".
TUX web server
The TUX web server is an unmaintained in-kernel web server for Linux licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL). It was maintained by Ingo Molnár.

It was limited to serving static web pages and coordinating between kernelspace modules, userspace modules, and regular userspace web server daemons that provide dynamic content. Regular userspace web servers do not need to be altered in any way for TUX to coordinate with them. However, userspace code has to use a new interface based on the tux(2) system call.

Loadable kernel module
A loadable kernel module (LKM) is an executable library that extends the capabilities of a running kernel, or so-called base kernel, of an operating system. LKMs are typically used to add support for new hardware (as device drivers) and/or filesystems, or for adding system calls. When the functionality provided by an LKM is no longer required, it can be unloaded in order to free memory and other resources.

Most current Unix-like systems and Windows support loadable kernel modules but with different names, such as kernel loadable module (kld) in FreeBSD, kernel extension (kext) in macOS (although support for third-party modules is being dropped), kernel extension module in AIX, dynamically loadable kernel module in HP-UX, kernel-mode driver in Windows NT  and downloadable kernel module (DKM) in VxWorks. They are also known as kernel loadable module (KLM), or simply as kernel module (KMOD).
Each Side of Screen
Each Side of Screen (イーチ・サイド・オブ・スクリーン, Īchi Saido obu Sukurīn) is the eighth studio album by Japanese idol duo Wink, released by Polystar on April 25, 1992. It features the singles "Tsuioku no Heroine" and "Matenrō Museum". Also included in the album are Japanese-language covers of Hot Chocolate's "Brother Louie", Meisler's "We Can Make It", Billie Hughes' "Love Is an Art", Roxanne's "Burning Through the Night", and KC and the Sunshine Band's "That's the Way (I Like It)".

The album peaked at No. 11 on Oricon's albums chart and sold over 58,000 copies.

Brother Louie (Hot Chocolate song)
"Brother Louie" is a song by British soul band Hot Chocolate. Written by members Errol Brown and Tony Wilson and produced by Mickie Most, the song discusses an interracial love affair between a white man and a black woman, and the subsequent rejection of both by their parents because of it. Upon its release as a single, "Brother Louie" peaked at number 7 on the UK Singles Chart in 1973. Alexis Korner has a spoken-word part in this version of the song. Phil Dennys arranged the string section.
First metacarpal bone
The first metacarpal bone or the metacarpal bone of the thumb is the first bone proximal to the thumb.  It is connected to the trapezium of the carpus at the first carpometacarpal joint and to the proximal thumb phalanx at the first metacarpophalangeal joint.

Metacarpophalangeal joint
The metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP) are situated between the metacarpal bones and the proximal phalanges of the fingers. These joints are of the condyloid kind, formed by the reception of the rounded heads of the metacarpal bones into shallow cavities on the proximal ends of the proximal phalanges. Being condyloid, they allow the movements of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction (see anatomical terms of motion) at the joint.
Cataloochee
Cataloochee is the name of several places associated with the Great Smoky Mountains of Western North Carolina.

Cataloochee Ski Area — a ski resort near Maggie Valley

Cataloochee (Great Smoky Mountains) — a recreational and historic area of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Cataloochee Ski Area
The Cataloochee Ski Area is a ski area in the eastern United States in southwestern North Carolina, near Maggie Valley. With eighteen ski slopes and trails, approximately 44% are rated beginner, 39% intermediate, and 17% advanced. Its top elevation is 5,400 feet (1,646 m) above sea level, yielding a vertical drop of 740 feet (226 m). The slopes are accessed by three chairlifts and two carpet lifts.

Typical of North Carolina ski areas, Cataloochee relies primarily on snowmaking for its slopes. Cataloochee is known for having one of the longest seasons in the southeast with an average ski season of 125 days.
The Long Silence
The Long Silence (Italian: Il lungo silenzio, German: Zeit des Zorns, French: Le long silence) is a 1993 Italian-German-French political thriller film  directed by Margarethe von Trotta. For her performance in this film Carla Gravina was awarded Best Actress at the 1993 Montreal World Film Festival and won the Italian Golden Globe for Best Actress. The film also won the Italian Golden Globes for Best Original Score and for Best Screenplay.

Globo d'oro
The Globo d'oro (internationally known as Italian Golden Globe) is an Italian annual film award. It was founded in 1959 by the Foreign Press Association in Italy.  The Globo d'oro Awards for Italian cinema are given by the Foreign Press.

The first awards ceremony took place in 1960 and was won by the film The Facts of Murder by Pietro Germi.

The edition 1981–1982 saw the participation of the President of the Italian Republic, Sandro Pertini.

The Premio alla carriera (Lifetime Achievement Award) was created in 1995.

The European Golden Globe was created in 2005.
Rydstrom
Rydstrom, also spelt Rydström and Rydstrøm, is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arthur Rydstrøm (1896–1986), Norwegian gymnast

Carlos Rydström (born 1992), Uruguayan politician

Gary Rydstrom (born 1959), American sound designer and director

Henrik Rydström (born 1976), Swedish football manager and former player

Nils Rydström (1921-2018), Swedish fencer

Rudolf Rydström (1886–1929), Swedish wrestler

Carlos Rydström
Carlos Augusto Rydström Henderson (born April 22, 1992) is a Uruguayan agricultural engineer and politician, serving as a National Representative in the 50th Legislature. A member of the Colorado Party, he served as Director General of Rural Development at the Ministry of Livestock, Agriculture, and Fisheries from 2020 to 2023.
Ancyrocephalus chiapanensis
Ancyrocephalus chiapanensis is a species of ancyrocephalid monogenean. It is a parasite of the gills of the maya needlefish Strongylura hubbsi (Belonidae).

According to Mendoza-Franco, Caspeta-Mandujano and Ramírez-Martínez, the species resembles other species of Ancyrocephalus but can be differentiated by details of the male copulatory organ and of the haptor.

The species was found on fish collected in the Rio Lacantún basin in the Montes Azules Biosphere Reserve, Chiapas, Mexico.

Monogenea
Monogeneans, members of the class Monogenea (/ˌmɒnəˈdʒiːniːə/ MON-ə-JEE-nee-ə), are a group of ectoparasitic flatworms commonly found on the skin, gills, or fins of fish. They have a direct lifecycle and do not require an intermediate host. Adults are hermaphrodites, meaning they have both male and female reproductive structures.

Some monogeneans are oviparous (egg-laying) and some are viviparous (live-bearing). Oviparous varieties release eggs into the water. Viviparous varieties release larvae, which immediately attach to another host. The genus Gyrodactylus  is an example of a viviparous variety, while the genus Dactylogyrus is an example of an oviparous variety.
2012–13 North Carolina A&T Aggies men's basketball team
The 2012–13 North Carolina A&T Aggies men's basketball team represented North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University during the 2012–13 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Aggies, led by first year head coach Cy Alexander, played their home games at the Corbett Sports Center and are members of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference. They finished the season 20–17, 8–8 in MEAC play to finish in a tie for sixth place. They were champions of the MEAC tournament, winning the championship game over Morgan State, to earn an automatic bid to the 2013 NCAA tournament where they defeated Liberty in the first round, for their first ever NCAA Tournament win, before losing in the second round to Louisville.

2013 MEAC men's basketball tournament
The 2013 Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference men's basketball tournament took place March 11–16, 2013 at the Norfolk Scope in Norfolk, Virginia.   The tournament winner, North Carolina A&T, received an automatic bid into the 2013 NCAA tournament. 2013 was the first year in Norfolk after the last eight years in Winston-Salem, North Carolina.  First Round games were played on March 11 and March 12, with the Quarterfinal games played March 13 and March 14.  The semifinals were held March 15, with the Championship game being played on March 16. ESPNU televised the Championship Game.
Kamran Ahmed
Kamran Ahmed (MBBS, MRCS, PhD, FRCS Urol) is a professor and a urological surgeon who is affiliated with Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi and King's College London, United Kingdom.

Khalifa University
Khalifa University (Arabic: جامعة خليفة) is a research, innovation and enterprise-intensive public university located in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

As of 2023, faculty and staff come from over 70 countries, and its student body is internationally diverse and co-educational.
Val Taleggio
The Val Taleggio (Lombard: Val Taegg) is an Alpine valley in the Italian region of Lombardy, split between the provinces of Bergamo and Lecco. It is a western fork of the Val Brembana which begins in the commune of San Giovanni Bianco, in the Province of Bergamo.

The valley's river is the Enna which over the course of the centuries has gouged out a spectacular 3 km gorge between San Giovanni Bianco and Taleggio known as the Orrido della Val Taleggio (pictured, right).

The valley is particularly known for the soft cows’ milk cheeses which have been made here for centuries, including Taleggio and Strachítunt.

Lombard language
The Lombard language (Lombard: lombard, lumbard, lumbart or lombart, depending on the orthography; pronunciation: [lumˈbaːrt, lomˈbart]) belongs to the Gallo-Italic group within the Romance languages. It is characterized by a Celtic linguistic substratum and a Lombardic linguistic superstratum and is a cluster of homogeneous dialects that are spoken by millions of speakers in Northern Italy and southern Switzerland.  These include most of Lombardy and some areas of the neighbouring regions, notably the far eastern side of Piedmont and the extreme western side of Trentino, and in Switzerland in the cantons of Ticino and Graubünden. The language is also spoken in Santa Catarina in Brazil by Lombard immigrants from the Province of Bergamo, in Italy.
Karlovy Vary International Film Festival
The Karlovy Vary International Film Festival (Czech: Mezinárodní filmový festival Karlovy Vary, KVIFF) is an annual film festival held in Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic. The Karlovy Vary Festival is one of the oldest in the world and has become the leading film event in Central Europe.

FIAPF
The FIAPF (Fédération Internationale des Associations de Producteurs de Films; English: International Federation of Film Producers Associations), created in 1933, is an organization composed with 36 member associations from 30 of the leading audiovisual production countries. Its Secretariat is located in Brussels, Belgium. FIAPF is also in charge of regulating international film festivals, including some of the world's most important ones.