hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Ognon
The Battle of Ognon was a battle in the Franco-Prussian War, which took place on 22 October 1870 at the Ognon River. In this battle the Prussian XIV Corps under the command of General Karl August von Werder, which also consisted of a division of the Grand Duchy of Baden, attacked elements of the French Army of the Rhine commanded by General Albert Cambriels. The Germans captured a large number of French prisoners. The German victory in the Battle of Ognon decided the fate of the Army of the Rhine, at least within two weeks thereafter.

Army of the Rhine (1870)
The Army of the Rhine (French: Armée du Rhin) was a French military unit that fought in the Franco-Prussian War. It was created after the declaration of war on July 18 1870.

The unit participated in combats in Lorraine, then divided to form a second army, the Army of Châlons.

The Army of the Rhine surrendered on 27 October at the Siege of Metz.
Enon Formation
The Enon Formation is a geological formation found in the Eastern and Western Cape provinces in South Africa. It is the lowermost of the four formations found within the Uitenhage Group of the Algoa Basin, its type locality, where it has been measured at a maximum thickness of 480 metres (1,570 ft). Discontinuous outcrops are also found in the Worcester-Pletmos and Oudshoorn-Gamtoos Basins, including isolated occurrences in the Haasvlakte, Jubilee, and Soutpansvlakte Basins near the small town Bredasdorp.

Bokkeveld Group
The Bokkeveld Group is the second of the three main subdivisions of the Cape Supergroup in South Africa. It overlies the Table Mountain Group and underlies the Witteberg Group. The Bokkeveld Group rocks are considered to range between Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) to Middle Devonian (Givetian) in age.
Romain Lemarchand
Romain Lemarchand (born 26 July 1987) is a French former road cyclist, who competed professionally between 2010 and 2017 for the BigMat–Auber 93, Ag2r–La Mondiale, Cofidis, Cult Energy Pro Cycling, Stölting Service Group and Delko–Marseille Provence KTM teams.

Decathlon CMA CGM Team
Decathlon CMA CGM (UCI team code: DCT) is a French cycling team with UCI WorldTeam status. Its title sponsors are French sporting goods retailer Decathlon and French shipping and logistics company CMA CGM. The team is predominantly French.
Connecticut's 99th House of Representatives district
Connecticut's 99th House of Representatives district elects one member of the Connecticut House of Representatives. It encompasses parts of East Haven and has been represented by Republican Joseph Zullo since 2019.

Joseph Zullo
Joseph Zullo is an American Republican Party politician currently serving as a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 99th district, which includes part of East Haven, since 2019. Zullo was first elected to the seat in 2019 after a special election victory over Democrat Josh Balter. He was re-elected in 2020 over Democrat David Yaccarino Jr. Zullo currently serves on the House Housing Committee, Planning and Development Committee, and the Finance, Revenue, and Bonding Committee. On January 20, 2022, Zullo announced that he would seek re-election in the upcoming elections.
Chandi Prasad Mohanty
Lieutenant General Chandi Prasad Mohanty PVSM AVSM SM VSM is a retired General Officer in the Indian Army. He was the 42nd Vice Chief of the Army Staff and assumed office on 1 February 2021, following the retirement of Satinder Kumar Saini. He was previously the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief (GOC-in-C) of the Southern Command, assuming command on 30 January 2020. He was trained at RIMC Dehradun.

Sena Medal
The Sena Medal (lit. 'Army Medal') is awarded to members of the Indian army, of all ranks, "for such individual acts of exceptional devotion to duty or courage as have special significance for the Army." Awards may be made posthumously and a bar is authorized for subsequent awards of the Sena Medal.

It can be awarded for gallantry or it can also be for distinguished service carried out by any soldier, not in the face of the enemy. Therefore, the Sena Medal also serves as a sort of general commendation medal for the Indian Army. From 1 February 1999, the central government set a monthly stipend of Rs. 250 for recipients of the award when it is awarded for bravery. It has since been revised to Rs. 2000. It is preceded by the Vir Chakra, Shaurya Chakra & Yudh Seva Medal.
Islamiah College
Islamiah College (Autonomous) is a men's general degree college located in Vaniyambadi, Tirupattur District, Tamil Nadu. Established in 1919, it is maintained and managed by the Vaniyambadi Muslim Educational Society. The college began functioning in July 1919 and was affiliated with the University of Madras in 1921. It became a first grade college in 1946, a postgraduate institution in 1974, and a Research Centre in 1986. Since October 2002, the college has been affiliated with Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore. 
It has educational partnerships with Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Aligarh Muslim University), and the Institute of Cost Accountants of India, among others. The college offers courses in arts, commerce, and science.

National Assessment and Accreditation Council
The National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) is a public autonomous body of the government of India that assesses and accredits higher education institutions (HEIs) in India. It is funded by the University Grants Commission and headquartered in Bengaluru.
Gay Bryan
Gaylord Damian "Gay" Bryan (May 1, 1927 – April 25, 2015) was a male long and triple jumper from the United States, who competed in the 1940s and 1950s for his native country. Bryan set his personal best in the men's long jump event (7.74 metres) on April 9, 1949, at a meet in Westwood. He failed to qualify for the Summer Olympics (1948 and 1952) during his career. He won the gold medal in the long jump at the 1951 Pan American Games and was a four-time national champion in the triple jump.

Bryan competed collegiately for Stanford University and is a member of the school's Athletic Hall of Fame.

Athletics at the 1951 Pan American Games
The Athletics Competition at the 1951 Pan American Games was held in the Argentine capital, Buenos Aires. A total of 15 nations participated, with 243 athletes representing them in 33 athletics events.
Maqbool Hussain
Sepoy Maqbool Hussain Khan (1940 — 28 August 2018) was a Pakistani soldier who was well known for his capture and imprisonment for four decades in Indian military jails when he was wounded during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 and subsequently taken unofficially as a prisoner by Indian troops. Due to the torture inflicted upon him, he was declared mentally unstable.

Sepoy
A sepoy (/ˈsiːpɔɪ/) was the designation given to an Indian infantryman armed with a musket in the armies of the Mughal Empire and the British East India Company.

In the 18th century, the French East India Company and its European counterparts employed locally recruited soldiers within India, mainly consisting of infantry designated as "sepoys". The largest sepoy force, trained along European lines, served the British East India Company.

The term "sipahi" (or sometimes "sepoy") continues in use in the Indian, Pakistan and Nepalese armies, where it denotes the rank of private.
Death and funeral of Francisco Franco
Francisco Franco, the dictator of Spain, died on 20 November 1975 from heart failure, at the age of 82. His designated successor, Prince Juan Carlos de Borbón, was proclaimed King Juan Carlos I on 22 November. Juan Carlos later led the Spanish transition to democracy.

Franco was buried at the Valley of the Fallen on 23 November. In 2019, his remains were exhumed and reburied at the Mingorrubio Cemetery.

Paul Preston
Sir Paul Preston CBE (born 21 July 1946) is an English historian and Hispanist, biographer of Francisco Franco, and specialist in Spanish history, in particular the Spanish Civil War, which he has studied for more than 50 years. He is the winner of multiple awards for his books on the Spanish Civil War.
Mirjam Orsel
Mirjam Orsel (born 1 April 1978 in Amsterdam, North Holland) is a volleyball player from the Netherlands, who plays as a middle-blocker. She was a member of the Dutch National Women's Team that won the gold medal at the FIVB World Grand Prix 2007 in Ningbo, PR China.

2007 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix
The FIVB World Grand Prix 2007 was the fifteenth edition of the annual women's volleyball tournament, which is the female equivalent of the Men's Volleyball World League.

The 2007 World Grand Prix lasted four weeks with a total number of 65 matches. During the first, second, and third week, each team played nine matches in total. Preliminary rounds were staged in Japan (3x), Italy, Poland, Macau, Hong Kong, Russia, and Chinese Taipei.

The final round was played in Ningbo, PR China, at Beilun Gymnasium, over five days and the best six teams from the preliminary rounds. A round robin system was played to decide the 2007 World Grand Prix Champion.
Georges Dossin
Georges Gilles Joseph Dossin (French pronunciation: [ʒɔʁʒə ʒil ʒozɛf dosɛ̃]; 4 February 1896, in Wandre, near Liège – 8 December 1983, in Liège) was a Belgian archaeologist, Assyriologist and art historian.

Wandre
Wandre (French pronunciation: [wɑ̃dʁ]; Walloon: Wande) is a sub-municipality of the city of Liège located in the province of Liège, Wallonia, Belgium. It was a separate municipality until 1977. On 1 January 1977, it was merged into Liège.
2016 Qatar Total Open – Doubles
Raquel Atawo and Abigail Spears were the defending champions, but lost in the second round to Gabriela Dabrowski and María José Martínez Sánchez.
Chan Hao-ching and Chan Yung-jan won the title, defeating Sara Errani and Carla Suárez Navarro in the final, 6–3, 6–3.

María José Martínez Sánchez
María José Martínez Sánchez (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈɾi.a xoˈse maɾˈtineθ ˈsantʃeθ]; born 12 August 1982) is a Spanish former professional tennis player. In singles, she won five WTA Tour titles, her biggest being a Premier 5 title at the 2010 Italian Open where she defeated two former world No. 1 players, Ana Ivanovic and Jelena Janković, en route to the title. As a junior, she won the Orange Bowl (1999) and French Open (2000). She reached a career-high ranking in singles of world No. 19, on 10 May 2010.

In doubles, Martínez Sánchez won 21 WTA Tour titles, ten partnering with her compatriot Nuria Llagostera Vives. Among them are the 2009 WTA Tour Championships, 2009 Rogers Cup and the Dubai Tennis Championships in 2010 and 2011. Martínez Sánchez reached a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 4, on 5 July 2010.
Quail-plover
The quail-plover, lark buttonquail or lark-plover (Ortyxelos meiffrenii) is a small ground-living bird in the buttonquail family Turnicidae that is found in the Sahel region of Africa and in a disjunct region of East Africa. It is the only species placed in the genus Ortyxelos.

Disjunct distribution
In biology, a taxon with a disjunct distribution is one that has two or more groups that are related but considerably separated from each other geographically. The causes are varied and might demonstrate either the expansion or contraction of a species' range.
American Health Line
American Health Line is a daily health care policy briefing which "covers the coverage". It is published by the Advisory Board Company from its headquarters in Washington, DC. It was previously under the auspices of National Journal.

American Health Line's primary audience includes health care professionals. It intends to be a comprehensive, non-partisan digest of that day's health care events relating to policy and industry.

Related publications of American Health Line include California Healthline, iHealthBeat, Kaiser Daily Health Policy Report, Kaiser Daily HIV/AIDS Report, Kaiser Weekly Health Disparities Report, Greater Cincinnati Health Watch and Global Health Reporting.

Publication
To publish is to make content available to the general public. While specific use of the term may vary among countries, it is usually applied to text, images, or other audio-visual content, including paper (newspapers, magazines, catalogs, etc.). Publication means the act of publishing, and also any copies issued for public distribution.
Metalmoro JLM AJR
The Metalmoro JLM AJR is a sports prototype race car, designed, developed and built by Brazilian manufacturer Metalmoro, for endurance sports car racing, in 2017. It was designed by Silue Gossling, Juliano Moro and Enzo Brocker beginning in 2015. The project utilized the SolidWorks modeling software as a basis. It uses either a Chevrolet LS3 or a Honda K20 engine depending on the entrant.

SolidWorks
SolidWorks (stylized as SOLIDWORKS) is a brand of software used for solid modeling computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided engineering (CAE). It was one of the first 3D CAD applications designed to run on a desktop PC.

The brand is owned by French software company Dassault Systèmes.
The Marriage Cheat
The Marriage Cheat is a 1924 American silent drama film directed by John Griffith Wray and written by C. Gardner Sullivan. The film stars Leatrice Joy, Adolphe Menjou, Percy Marmont, Laska Winter, Henry A. Barrows, and J. P. Lockney. The film was released on April 5, 1924, by First National Pictures.

J. P. Lockney
John P. Loughlin, known professionally as John P. Lockney, was an American actor of the silent film era. He appeared in more than 100 films between 1915 and 1937. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Fuller's Earth Formation
The Fullers Earth Formation is a geological formation that outcrops in southern England. It is also mostly present in the subsurface of the Wessex Basin and offshore in the English Channel Basin, Celtic Sea Basin and St George's Channel Basin. It preserves fossils dating back to the Bathonian stage of the Middle Jurassic series such as the pterosaur Dolicorhamphus. It is the lateral equivalent of the Rutland Formation, Sharp's Hill Formation, Calcaire d'Ecouché, and Calcaire de Caen

Stage (stratigraphy)
In chronostratigraphy, a stage is a succession of rock strata laid down in a single age on the geologic timescale, which usually represents millions of years of deposition.  A given stage of rock and the corresponding age of time will by convention have the same name, and the same boundaries.

Rock series are divided into stages, just as geological epochs are divided into ages. Stages are divided into smaller stratigraphic units called chronozones or substages, and added together into superstages.

The term faunal stage is sometimes used, referring to the fact that the same fauna (animals) are found throughout the layer (by definition).
Pea River Power Company Hydroelectric Facility
The Pea River Power Company Hydroelectric Facility, on the Pea River in Coffee County, Alabama, United States, near Elba, was built in 1911. The listing includes one contributing building and one contributing structure.

It is significant as "one of the earliest private ventures (1911–1914) in Alabama of the use of waterpower to produce electrical power and transmit it by high voltage lines to more than one destination", in this case to Troy, Alabama, 30 miles (48 km) away, and other locations not adjacent to the site.

"Along with two other hydroelectric facilities, both completed in 1930 and still in operation, the Elba facility was one of the original hydroelectric generating facilities owned by the Alabama Electric Cooperative. The A.E.C., which began operation in 1944 with aid from the Rural Electric Administration, was the driving force behind the electrification of central and south Alabama."

Troy, Alabama
Troy is a city in and the county seat of Pike County, Alabama, United States. It was formally incorporated on February 4, 1843.

Between  1763 and 1783, the area where Troy sits was part of the colony of British West Florida. After 1783, the region fell under the jurisdiction of the newly created United States of America.

As of the 2020 census, its population was 17,727, down from 18,033 in 2010. The 2022 estimated population was 17,774. The City of Troy had previously been considered one of the fastest-growing cities in Alabama. Troy is home to Troy University, the fourth-largest university in total enrollment in Alabama.
Transitional Presidential Council
The Transitional Presidential Council (TPC; French: Conseil présidentiel de transition [kɔ̃sɛj pʁezidɑ̃sjɛl də tʁɑ̃zisjɔ̃]; Haitian Creole: Konsèy Prezidansyèl Tranzisyon) was a temporary body constituted by the Council of Ministers on 12 April 2024 and sworn in at the National Palace on 25 April to exercise the powers and duties of the president of Haiti either until an elected president is inaugurated or until 7 February 2026, whichever came first. The council dissolved as scheduled after no presidential election was held.

Caribbean Community
The Caribbean Community (abbreviated as CARICOM or CC) is an intergovernmental organisation that is a political and economic union of 15 member states (14 nation-states and one dependency) and five associated members throughout the Americas, the Caribbean and Atlantic Ocean. It has the primary objective to promote economic integration and cooperation among its members, ensure that the benefits of integration are equitably shared, and coordinate foreign policy. The organisation was established in 1973, by its four founding members signing the Treaty of Chaguaramas.

The secretariat headquarters is in Georgetown, Guyana. CARICOM has been granted the official United Nations General Assembly observer status.
Lenin Garden, Ufa
Lenin Gardens (Bashkir: Ленин баҡсаһы, Lenin baqsahy) was one of the first urban public parks in Ufa, Russia. The park is located in the city center, near the Belaya river and facing Governor's House, currently the home of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Bashkortostan; Republic House, the Bashkortostan seat of government; and the Bashkir Academic Drama Theater Mazhit Gafuri. In May 2022, the city began consideration of restoring the park's original name, Ushakovsky Park.

Belaya (Kama)
The Belaya (/ˈbɛlaɪə/ BEL-y-ə) is a river in Bashkortostan, Russia. Its source lies in the south-western Ural Mountains.

It is 1,430 kilometres (890 mi) long, and its drainage basin covers 142,000 square kilometres (55,000 sq mi).

Settlements along the Belaya include Beloretsk, Sterlitamak, Ufa (at the confluence with the river Ufa), and Birsk. The Belaya flows into the Kama near Neftekamsk.
1972 Macdonald Brier
The 1972 Macdonald Brier, Canada's national men's curling championship was held March 6 to 11, 1972 at St. John's Arena in St. John's, Newfoundland.

Team Manitoba, who was skipped by Orest Meleschuk easily won the event, after posting a 9-1 round robin record, only losing to Quebec's Bill Kent rink, which finished second. Meleschuk and his rink of Dave Romano, John Hanesiak and Pat Hailley went on to win a gold medal at the 1972 Air Canada Silver Broom World Curling Championship, amidst controversy.

Pat Hailley
Patrick G. Hailley (born May 19, 1940) is a Canadian former curler. He played lead on the 1972 Brier Champion team (skipped by Orest Meleschuk), representing Manitoba. They later went on to win the World Championships in Garmisch-Partenkirchen of that year.
Test (law)
In law, a test is a commonly applied method of evaluation used to resolve matters of jurisprudence. In the context of a trial, a hearing, discovery, or other kinds of legal proceedings, the resolution of certain questions of fact or law may hinge on the application of one or more legal tests.

Tests are often formulated from the logical analysis of a judicial decision or a court order where it appears that a finder of fact or the court made a particular decision after contemplating a well-defined set of circumstances. It is assumed that evaluating any given set of circumstances under a legal test will lead to an unambiguous and repeatable result.

Court
A court is an institution, often a government entity, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties  and administer justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law.

Courts generally consist of judges or other judicial officers, and are usually established and dissolved through legislation enacted by a legislature. Courts may also be established by constitution or an equivalent constituting instrument.

The practical authority given to the court is known as its jurisdiction, which describes the court's power to decide certain kinds of questions, or petitions put to it. There are various kinds of courts, including trial courts, appellate courts, administrative courts, international courts, and tribunals.
Švedlár
Švedlár (German: Schwedler, Hungarian: Svedlér) is a village and municipality in the Gelnica District in the Košice Region of eastern Slovakia. Total municipality population was, in 2011, 2083 inhabitants. The town predominantly consisted of Carpathian Germans until 1945, when they were expelled.

Košice Region
The Košice Region (Slovak: Košický kraj, IPA: [ˈkɔʂitskiː ˈkraj]; Hungarian: Kassai kerület; Ukrainian: Кошицький край, romanized: Košyćkyj kraj) is one of the eight Slovak administrative regions. The region was first established in 1923 and its present borders were established in 1996. It consists of 11 districts (okresy) and 440 municipalities, 17 of which have a town status. About one third of the region's population lives in the agglomeration of Košice, which is its main economic and cultural centre.
Arden Hills Army Training Site
The Arden Hills Army Training Site (AHATS) is a United States Army National Guard training installation in Arden Hills, Minnesota, operated by the Minnesota Army National Guard. The site covers approximately 1,500 acres (6.1 km2) in Ramsey County, Minnesota and serves as the headquarters of the 34th Infantry Division.

The installation occupies a portion of the former Twin Cities Army Ammunition Plant (TCAAP), a federal munitions facility established in 1941. Portions of the former plant site were listed on the National Priorities List in 1983, and remediation has been ongoing under federal and state oversight.

In 2020, the Minnesota Army National Guard opened the General John W. Vessey Readiness Center at AHATS. Adjacent former TCAAP land is being redeveloped as Rice Creek Commons, with construction beginning in 2025.

Ramsey County, Minnesota
Ramsey County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 552,352, making it the state's second-most populous county, and was estimated to be 542,015 in 2024. Its county seat and largest city is Saint Paul, the state capital and the twin city of Minneapolis. The county was founded in 1849 and is named for Alexander Ramsey, the first governor of the Minnesota Territory. Ramsey County is part of the Minneapolis–Saint Paul–Bloomington, MN–WI Metropolitan statistical area. It is Minnesota's smallest and most densely populated county, as well as the 38th-most densely populated county in the United States in 2010.