hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1860 South Australian Legislative Council by-election
A by-election was held on 3 April 1960 to elect two members to the South Australian Legislative Council, after sitting members Arthur Henry Freeling resigned and Edward Castres Gwynne failed to attend; both were removed on 30 August 1859. The by-election was held during the 1860 colonial election.

George Marsden Waterhouse and George Tinline were elected.

South Australian Legislative Council
The Legislative Council is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of South Australia, the lower house being the House of Assembly.

Its central purpose is to act as a house of review for legislation passed through the House of Assembly. It sits in Parliament House in the state capital, Adelaide. The upper house has 22 members elected for staggered eight-year terms by proportional representation, with half of the members facing re-election every four years. It is elected in a similar manner to its federal counterpart, the Senate. Casual vacancies—where a member resigns or dies—are filled by a joint sitting of both houses, who then elect a replacement.
Al-Hadher, Syria
Al-Hadher (Arabic: الحاضر; transliteration: al-Ḥāḍir) is a village in northern Syria, administratively part of the Mount Simeon District of the Aleppo Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Hadher had a population of 8,550 in the 2004 census.

It is 4 kilometers east of the ancient town of Qinnasrin (Chalcis ad Belum). It was founded by the Arab tribe of Tanukh as a ḥāḍir (a settlement of sedentarized Bedouin) in the 4th century under Byzantine rule. Al-Hadher served as the headquarters of Jund Qinnasrin, (military district of Qinnasrin).

Aleppo Governorate
Aleppo Governorate (Arabic: محافظة حلب, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Ḥalab, [muˈħaːfaðˤat ˈħalab]; Kurmanji Kurdish: Parêzgeha Helebê) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is the most populous governorate in Syria with a population of more than 4,867,000 (2011 Est.), almost 23% of the total population of Syria. The governorate is the fifth in area with an area of 18,482 km2 (7,136 sq mi), or 18,498 square kilometres (7,142 sq mi)2, about 10% of the total area of Syria. The capital is the city of Aleppo.
Cheat sheet
A cheat sheet (also cheatsheet) or crib sheet or job aid is a concise set of notes used for quick reference. Cheat sheets were historically used by students without an instructor or teacher's knowledge to cheat on a test or exam. In the context of higher education or vocational training, where rote memorization is not as important, students may be permitted (or even encouraged) to develop and consult their cheat sheets during exams. The act of preparing such reference notes can be an educational exercise in itself, in which case students may be restricted to using only those reference notes they have developed themselves. Some universities publish guidelines for the creation of cheat sheets.

Rote learning
Rote learning is a memorization technique based on repetition. The method rests on the premise that the  recall of repeated material becomes faster the more one repeats it. Some of the alternatives to rote learning include meaningful learning, associative learning, spaced repetition and active learning.
Depledge
Depledge is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alex Depledge (fl. 2003–2017), British technology entrepreneur

Joseph Depledge (1897–1974), English footballer

Robert Depledge (1882–1930), English footballer

Alex Depledge
Alexandra Depledge MBE is a British technology entrepreneur, known best for being the founder and CEO of Resi, and as the founder and former CEO of Helpling, formerly known as Hassle.com. In 2016 she was awarded an MBE for services to the sharing economy.
Violin Concerto in E major (Bach)
The Violin Concerto in E major, BWV 1042, is a violin concerto by Johann Sebastian Bach. It is based on the three-movement Venetian concerto model, albeit with a few unusual features; each movement has "un-Italian characteristics".

The piece has three movements:

Allegro, meter of , in ritornello form in E major

Adagio, meter of 34, with a ground bass in C-sharp minor

Allegro assai, meter of 38, with an overall structure of a rondo in E major

While there are two 18th-century scores, neither is autographed; however, Bach re-used the concerto as the model for his Harpsichord Concerto in D major, BWV 1054, found in his 1737–39 autographed manuscript of these works. The concerto is thought to have been written when Bach was working for the court of Köthen or when Bach was in Leipzig.

C-sharp minor
C-sharp minor is a minor scale based on C♯, with the pitches C♯, D♯, E, F♯, G♯, A, and B. Its key signature consists of four sharps.

The C-sharp natural minor scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The C-sharp harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:

Its relative major is E major. Its parallel major, C-sharp major, is usually written instead as the enharmonic key of D-flat major, since C-sharp major’s key signature with seven sharps is not normally used. Its enharmonic equivalent, D-flat minor, having eight flats including the B, has a similar problem. Therefore, C-sharp minor is often used as the parallel minor for D-flat major. (The same enharmonic situation occurs with the keys of A-flat major and G-sharp minor, and in some cases, with the keys of G-flat major and F-sharp minor, and with the keys of E-flat major and D-sharp minor.)
Astrothelium inspersotuberculosum
Astrothelium inspersotuberculosum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Bolivia, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by lichenologists Adam Flakus and André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected near Florida village in Hacienda Chirapa (José Miguel de Velasco Province, Santa Cruz Department); there, at an altitude of 200 m (660 ft), it was found in  a lowland Amazon forest. It is somewhat similar to Astrothelium tuberculosum, but unlike that species, it has an inspersed hamathecium (i.e., interpenetrated with granules). Both this characteristic and its resemblance to its namesake are reflected in the species epithet inspersotuberculosum.

José Miguel de Velasco Province
José Miguel de Velasco or Velasco is a province in the Santa Cruz department of Bolivia. Its capital is San Ignacio de Velasco. The province is named after the Bolivian president José Miguel de Velasco Franco. It was created by law on October 12, 1880, during the presidency of Narciso Campero. Until its creation it was integrated into Chiquitos Province.
The Woody Woodpecker Show
The Woody Woodpecker Show is an American television series mainly composed of the animated cartoon shorts of Woody Woodpecker and other Walter Lantz characters including Andy Panda, Chilly Willy, The Beary Family and Inspector Willoughby, all released by Walter Lantz Productions. The series was revived and reformatted several times, but remained popular for nearly four decades and allowed the studio to continue making theatrical cartoons until 1972, when it shut down. It also kept the Walter Lantz/Universal "cartunes" made during the Golden age of American animation as a part of the American consciousness. The Woody Woodpecker Show was named the 88th best animated series by IGN.

The Beary Family
The Beary Family (also known as The Beary's Family Album) is an American animated and cartoon animal theatrical series created by Jack Hannah for Walter Lantz Productions. Twenty-eight shorts were made from 1962 to 1972, when the studio closed.
Comfort noise
Comfort noise (or comfort tone) is synthetic background noise used in radio and wireless communications to fill the artificial silence in a transmission resulting from voice activity detection or from the audio clarity of modern digital lines.

Some modern telephone systems (such as wireless and VoIP) use voice activity detection (VAD), a form of squelching where low volume levels are ignored by the transmitting device.  In digital audio transmissions, this saves bandwidth of the communications channel by transmitting nothing when the source volume is under a certain threshold, leaving only louder sounds (such as the speaker's voice) to be sent.  However, improvements in background noise reduction technologies can occasionally result in the complete removal of all noise.  Although maximizing call quality is of primary importance, exhaustive removal of noise may not properly simulate the typical behavior of terminals on the PSTN system.

Sound
Sound is a phenomenon in which pressure disturbances propagate through a transmission medium. In the context of physics, it is characterised as a mechanical wave of pressure or related quantities (e.g. displacement), whereas in physiological-psychological contexts it refers to the reception of such waves and their perception by the brain. Though sensitivity to sound varies among all organisms, the human ear is sensitive to frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Examples of the significance and application of sound include music, medical imaging techniques, oral language and parts of science.
Sturup Raceway
Sturup Raceway is a motor racing circuit in Svedala, Sweden. It has been owned by the Danish Brask organisation since 2001. The circuit, by then called Sturupsbanan, opened in 1972 as a Rallycross venue. Later named Skånecrossbanan it was first asphalted to become a permanent road course in 1990. In 2004 and 2005 major work including a track extension from 1.100 km (0.684 mi) to 2.133 km (1.325 mi) with a new pit lane.

Sturup held rounds of both the Swedish Touring Car Championship and Danish Touringcar Championship in 2008, but neither returned in 2009. The new Scandinavian Touring Car Championship returned to Sturup in 2012.

Rallycross
Rallycross is a form of sprint style motorsport held on a mixed-surface racing circuit using modified production touring cars or prototype racing cars. It began in the 1960s as a cross between rallying and autocross.

It is popular in European countries. Internationally, the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) organise the World and European Rallycross Championships.
Green bubble
The green bubble is an economic theory that the world is facing an over-investment in renewable energy and that the current levels of debts in many clean technology companies are unsustainable. As the interest rate rises many clean technology projects will go bust, a major setback for the renewable energy industry.

The term has been mentioned by several experts and articles in the late 2000s and the 2010s, such as The Green Bubble written by Per Wimmer, a Wired article discussing the fates of solar energy companies such as Solyndra, and a New Republic article by Ted Nordhaus and Michael Shellenberger covering the phenomenon.

Others disagree with the theory of a green bubble and claim the industry will face lower costs from technological improvements and economies of scale as larger companies merge the smaller and less competitive companies.

Ted Nordhaus
Ted Nordhaus (born 1965) is an American author and the director of research at The Breakthrough Institute. He has co-edited and written a number of books, including Break Through: From the Death of Environmentalism to the Politics of Possibility (2007) and An Ecomodernist Manifesto (2015) with collaborator Michael Shellenberger.

The two were described by Slate as "ecomodernists," while the authors have described themselves as the "bad boys" of environmentalism. Like Shellenberger, Nordhaus generally advocates for increased use of natural resources through an embrace of modernization, technological development, and increasing U.S. economic growth, usually through a combination of nuclear power and urbanization. Many of Nordhaus' positions have been criticized by environmental scientists and academics, while reception from writers and journalists in the popular press have been mixed.
2010–11 Iran 2nd Division
The following were the standings of the 2009–10 2nd Division football season. This is the third tier of the Iranian football league system, after the Azadegan League and Persian Gulf Cup.

It will be divided into two phases: the regular season, played from October 2010 to March 2011, and the Second round from March to June 2011.

The league will also be composed of 32 teams divided into two divisions of 16 teams each, whose teams will be divided geographically.  Teams will play only other teams in their own division, once at home and once away for a total of 30 matches each.

In each division, two teams are promoted to Azadegan League, and four teams are relegated to  3rd Division and plus one relegation playoff losers from each division will be relegated to 3rd Division. In total, the league promotes 4 teams to Azadegan League and relegates 10 teams to 3rd Division.

League 3 (Iran)
Iranian football's 3rd division (Persian: ليگ دسته سوم ایران) is the fourth-highest football division overall in the Iranian football league system.

Before 2001, the 3rd division league was the third-highest division in Iranian football league system, however, it became the fourth-highest division when Iran's football structure officially became professional.

The league consists of two stages. In the first stage, 65 teams participate in five groups of 13 teams each. The groups are organized in such a manner that teams closer to each other geographically end up in the same group. Because of this, the 3rd division can be considered a regional league. Stage one is played in single round-robin format and this is the only league organised by IRIFF which has no home-and-away format. Top two teams of each group promote to second stage and join 20 teams which already have spots due to their performance in the previous season. This means 85 different teams compete in 3rd division.
Ahmed Al-Mukhtar
Ahmed Almukhtar (Arabic: أحمد المختار; born February 19, 1993) is a Saudi Arabian professional basketball player.  He currently plays for Uhud Medina of the Saudi Premier League.

He represented Saudi Arabia's national basketball team at the 2017 Arab Nations Basketball Championship in Egypt. There, he was his team's best 3 point shooter.

Arab Basketball Championship
The Arab Basketball Championship for Men (Arabic: البطولة العربية لكرة السلة للرجال) or simply ABC is a regional basketball tournament which takes place every two years between men's national teams of the members of the Arab Basketball Confederation, representing the Arab world.
Armands
Armands is a Latvian masculine given name. People bearing the name Armands include:

Armands Ābols (born 1973), Latvian pianist

Armands Bērziņš (born 1983), Latvian ice hockey player

Armands Celitāns (born 1984), Latvian volleyball player

Armands Krauliņš (born 1939), Latvian basketball coach

Armands Ližbovskis (born 19??), Latvian track and field Paralympian athlete

Armands Šķēle (born 1983), Latvian basketball player

Armands Zeiberliņš (born 1965), Latvian footballer and manager

Armands Zvirbulis (born 1987), Latvian freestyle wrestler.

Armands Bērziņš
Armands Bērziņš (born 27 December 1983) is a Latvian professional ice hockey centre currently playing for HK Prizma Riga of the Optibet Hockey League. He played for Dinamo Riga of the Kontinental Hockey League and HPK of the Finnish SM-liiga. He was drafted by the Minnesota Wild in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft, 155th overall. Internationally Bērziņš has played for the Latvian national team at multiple tournaments, including the 2006, 2010, and 2014 Winter Olympics.
Maria Ciulei
Maria Ciulei is a Romanian handball coach, who initiated and coached world-renowned handball players and led her teams to eleven national titles and two European titles. In 1989, she was ranked by the International Handball Federation among top ten handball coaches in Europe. She resides in Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania.

International Handball Federation
The International Handball Federation (IHF) is the administrative and controlling body for handball and beach handball. IHF is responsible for the organisation of handball's major international tournaments, notably the IHF World Men's Handball Championship, which commenced in 1938, and the IHF World Women's Handball Championship, which commenced in 1957.

IHF was founded in 1946 to oversee international competitions. Headquartered in Basel, its membership now comprises 209 national federations. Each member country must each also be a member of one of the six regional confederations: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and Caribbean, Oceania, and South and Central America. Hassan Moustafa from Egypt has been President of the IHF since 26 November 2000.
1970 Galway Senior Hurling Championship
The 1970 Galway Senior Hurling Championship was the 73rd completed staging of the Galway Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Galway County Board in 1887.

Castlegar entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 20 September 1970 at Pearse Stadium in Salthill, between Liam Mellows and Killimordaly, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Liam Mellows won the match by 5–11 to 1–11 to claim their fifth championship title overall and a first title in three years.

Salthill
Salthill (Irish: Bóthar na Trá, meaning 'road of the strand') is a seaside area to the southwest of Galway city centre in the west of Ireland. The area is home to a number of tourist amenities and there is a 2 km long promenade, locally known as "the Prom", which overlooks Galway Bay.
Cambiaso
Cambiaso is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adolfo Cambiaso (born 1975), Argentine polo player

Andrea Cambiaso (born 2000), Italian football player

Luigi Cambiaso (1895–1975), Italian gymnast

Luca Cambiaso (1527–1585), also known as Cambiasi, Italian Renaissance painter

Esteban Cambiasso (born 1980), Argentine football midfielder

Nicolás Cambiasso (born 1978), Argentine football player, elder brother of Esteban Cambiasso

Luigi Cambiaso
Luigi Cambiaso (29 January 1895 – 25 March 1975) was an Italian gymnast who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics and in the 1924 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Italian team, which won the gold medal in the gymnastics men's team, European system event in 1920 as well as in the team competition 1924.
Grinevo
Grinyovo (Russian: Гринёво) or Grinevo (Гринево) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Grinevo, Arkhangelsk Oblast, a settlement in Tavrengsky Selsoviet of Konoshsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast

Grinevo, Belgorod Oblast, a selo in Novooskolsky District of Belgorod Oblast

Grinyovo, Bryansk Oblast, a selo in Grinevsky Rural Administrative Okrug of Pogarsky District of Bryansk Oblast

Grinevo, Novgorod Oblast, a village in Poddorskoye Settlement of Poddorsky District of Novgorod Oblast

Grinevo, Pskov Oblast, a village in Sebezhsky District of Pskov Oblast

Grinevo, Smolensk Oblast, a village in Talashkinskoye Rural Settlement of Smolensky District of Smolensk Oblast

Grinevo, Tula Oblast, a village in Dolmatovskaya Rural Administration of Chernsky District of Tula Oblast

Grinevo, Vologda Oblast, a village in Verkhny Selsoviet of Babayevsky District of Vologda Oblast

Novooskolsky District
Novooskolsky District (Russian: Новооско́льский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Belgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Novooskolsky Municipal District. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,401 square kilometers (541 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Novy Oskol. Population: 43,396 (2010 Census); 47,380 (2002 Census); 46,669 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Novy Oskol accounts for 45.0% of the district's total population.
What! The Heist
What! The Heist (Chinese: 发财联盟) is a 2023 Malaysian-Singaporean action comedy film. The film revolves around a team of con artists completing a lottery heist mission, as they aims to manipulate the national lottery and win the $100 million jackpot prize.

The film stars an ensemble cast of Mark Lee, Jack Lim, Patricia Mok, Henry Thia, Jaspers Lai, Gan Mei Yan, Hao Ren, Ahirine Ahirudin, Yuan Teng and Grace Teo. It is directed by Matt Lai.

The film is released on 19 January 2023 in cinemas in Malaysia and Singapore. It is one of the four 2023 Malaysian and Singaporean Chinese New Year films, including Ma, I Love You, Little Sunshine (Malaysia), and The King of Musang King (Singapore-Malaysia).

Chinese New Year film
A Chinese New Year film (simplified Chinese: 贺岁片; traditional Chinese: 賀歲片, Mandarin: hèsuìpiān, Cantonese: ho6seoi3pin3) is a type of film released during the period surrounding the Chinese New Year. They are typically lighthearted, mass-market films spanning genres such as comedy, action, romance, and fantasy. They emerged as a genre in the early 1980s in Hong Kong, beginning with Security Unlimited (1981), and were popularized in China by Feng Xiaogang through his comedic collaborations with Ge You in the late 1990s.
Axolotl Overkill
Axolotl Overkill is a 2017 German drama film directed by Helene Hegemann, and stars Jasna Fritzi Bauer, Arly Jover, and Mavie Hörbiger. The screenplay by Hegemann is based on her 2010 debut novel Axolotl Roadkill. The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on 20 January 2017 in the World Cinema Dramatic Competition section; where it was awarded the World Cinema Dramatic Special Jury Award for Cinematography.

Helene Hegemann
Helene Hegemann (born 19 February 1992 in Freiburg im Breisgau) is a German writer, director, and actress. As a young writer her work was highly praised,
but her first novel, Axolotl Roadkill, sparked a plagiarism controversy. The book has since been translated into various languages.
Alexander McNeish
Alexander McNeish (1932-2000) was a Scottish artist.
Alexander McNeish was born at Bo'ness, near Linlithgow on the Firth of Forth, Scotland, the son of a coal miner. He attended Edinburgh College of Art from 1952 to 1957 studying under John Maxwell.

In 1960 he exhibited with Albert Irvin at Galerie Im Griechenbeisl.

In 1963, 10 of his lino prints illustrated a Gael Turnbull book of poetry called A Very Particular Hill, a lino cut of his also illustrated a William McGonagall poem in the British periodical Poor. Old. Tired. Horse.

He taught  at Wolverhampton College of Art in 1962 and was head of painting at Exeter College of Art and Design from 1965 to 1980.

His work can be found in the collections of the Manchester Art Gallery the Royal Albert Memorial Museum, Exeter, the Arts Council and the  City Art Centre in Edinburgh. McNeish was one of a group of heavy drinking Scottish art teachers known as the "Scottish Mafia" or "Scotia Nostra".

Arts council
An arts council is a government or private non-profit organization dedicated to promoting the arts; mainly by funding local artists, awarding prizes, and organizing arts events. They often operate at arms-length from the government to prevent political interference in their decisions.
Isa Mustafa
Isa Mustafa ([iˈsa musˈtafa] ⓘ; born 15 May 1951) is a Kosovar retired politician. Mustafa was the mayor of Pristina from December 2007 to December 2013 and served as the prime minister of Kosovo between December 2014 and September 2017. He was the leader of the Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK) between 2010 and 2021.

Democratic Party of Kosovo
The Democratic Party of Kosovo (Albanian: Partia Demokratike e Kosovës; PDK) is one of the largest political parties in Kosovo. It was originally a social-democratic party coming out of the demilitarised Kosovo Liberation Army after the Kosovo War, with most of the leadership coming from Albanian nationalists and former members of the People's Movement of Kosovo. However, during its congress in January 2013, it positioned itself as a centre-right party and is considered to be a conservative party.
The Democratic Party of Kosovo is headed by Bedri Hamza since 17 November 2025.