hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thakur Akshay Singh Ratnu
Thakur Akshay Singh Ratnu (24 December 1910 – 1 July 1995) was a Rajasthani, Brajbhasha and Hindi poet from Rajasthan. His penned poems criticising the British policies of divide & rule. He is considered as one of the modern traditionalist poets. He was a scholar of Hindi, Rajasthani, Dingal(Old Rajasthani), Urdu, Sanskrit and Prakrit. He has been awarded with epithets of 'Sahitya Bhushan', 'Sahitya Ratna', and 'Kavi Ratna'.

Dingal
Dingal (Devnagari: डिंगल; IAST: ḍiṁgala; also spelled Dimgala), also known as Old Western Rajasthani, is an ancient Indian language written in Nagri script and having literature in prose as well as poetry. It is a language of very high tone and requires a specific style of speaking. Dingal was used in Rajasthan and adjoining areas including Gujarat, Kutch, Malwa, and Sindh. Most of Dingal literature is said to be composed by Charans. It was prominently used in composition of war poetry praising the martial exploits of Rajput and Charan war heroes.

Dingal is a New Indo-Aryan (NIA) poetic language or style. It is called by various names such as Maru-Bhasha, Marwari, and Old Western Rājasthāni. Dingal is also described as one of five "pre-modern Hindi literary dialects", listed together with Braj, Avadhi, Sadhu and Maithili. Dingal has also been called as the ancestor of Marwari and Gujarati.
Van Looy
Van Looy is a Dutch toponymic surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bent Van Looy (born 1976), Belgian pop singer and songwriter

Erik Van Looy (born 1962), Belgian film director

Frans Van Looy (1950–2019), Belgian cyclist

Jacobus van Looy (1855–1930), Dutch painter and writer

Lucas Van Looy (born 1941), Belgian Catholic bishop

Rik Van Looy (1933–2024), Belgian cyclist

Sander van Looy (born 1997), Dutch football defender

Frans Van Looy
Frans Van Looy  (26 August 1950 – 20 September 2019) was a Belgian cyclist. Looy was professional from 1972 to 1982. He competed in the individual road race at the 1972 Summer Olympics.

After his career as a cyclist, Van Looy worked as a team manager with Team Telekom and T-Mobile until 2006 and had helped run his family's farm in Merksem. However, a local government order ruled that Van Looy could no longer live at the farm, despite a petition signed by 3,000 people to preserve the residence that Van Looy had been born in.
After this order, which ruled his birthplace to be uninhabitable and led to his eviction, he committed suicide in September 2019.
Go Back (Jeanette song)
"Go Back" is a song by German recording artist Jeanette. It was written by Frank Johnes, Tom Remm, and Kristina "Wonderbra" Bach and produced by Cobra for her debut studio album Enjoy! (2000). Released as the album's first single and Jeanette's English language singing debut, it became a top ten hit in Germany, peaking at number eight, and was eventually certified gold by the Bundesverband Musikindustrie (BVMI). Internationally, "Go Back" reached the top twenty of the Swiss Singles Chart.

Enjoy! (Jeanette album)
Enjoy! is the debut album by German pop singer Jeanette Biedermann. It was released by Universal Records on 13 November 2000 in German-speaking Europe where it reached the top forty of the German Albums Chart.
Carcinomyces polyporinus
Carcinomyces polyporinus is a species of fungus in the class Tremellomycetes. It is a parasite, growing in the hymenia of various  poroid fungi, particularly species of Postia. Microscopically, it resembles a species of Tremella, but DNA research indicates that it belongs in a different family, the Carcinomycetaceae. It was first described by British mycologist Derek Reid from Scotland. It has also been recorded in continental Europe and North America.

Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, genetics, biochemical properties, and use by humans. Fungi can be a source of tinder, food, traditional medicine, as well as entheogens, poison, and infection. Yeasts are among the most heavily utilized members of the fungus kingdom, particularly in food manufacturing.

Mycology branches into the field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases. The two disciplines are closely related, because the vast majority of plant pathogens are fungi. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist.
The Yiddish Policemen's Union
The Yiddish Policemen's Union is a 2007 novel by American author Michael Chabon. The novel is a detective story set in an alternative history version of the present day, based on the premise that during World War II, a temporary settlement for Jewish refugees was established in Sitka, Alaska, in 1941, and that the fledgling State of Israel was destroyed three months after its founding in 1948. The novel is set in Sitka, which it depicts as a large, Yiddish-speaking metropolis.

The Yiddish Policemen's Union won a number of science fiction awards: the Nebula Award for Best Novel, the Locus Award for Best SF Novel, the Hugo Award for Best Novel, and the Sidewise Award for Alternate History for Best Novel. It was shortlisted for the British Science Fiction Association Award for Best Novel and the Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Novel.

Metropolis
A metropolis is a large city or conurbation which is a significant economic, political, and cultural area for a country or region, and an important hub for regional or international connections, commerce, and communications.

A big city belonging to a larger urban agglomeration, but which is not the core of that agglomeration, is not generally considered a metropolis but a part of it. The plural of the word is metropolises, although the Latin plural is metropoles, from the Greek metropoleis (μητρoπόλεις).

For urban areas outside metropolitan areas that generate a similar attraction on a smaller scale for their region, the concept of the regiopolis ("regio" for short) was introduced by urban and regional planning researchers in Germany in 2006.
William Frederick Powell
William Frederick Powell (1826  – 1889) was a political figure in Ontario, Canada. He represented Carleton in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1854 to 1866 as a Conservative member.

He was born in Perth, Upper Canada, the son of Colonel James Hamilton Powell, and had moved to Bytown by 1847. Powell was among those who lobbied for a Protestant hospital in Bytown. He served as reeve for Bytown. In 1857, he married Rosanna Margaret Wallis. Powell also served as sheriff for Carleton County and was captain of an infantry company at Bells Corners, Canada West.

Powell Avenue in the Glebe area of Ottawa was named after him.

His brother John A.H. Powell served in the legislative assembly for Upper Canada.

The Glebe
The Glebe is a neighbourhood in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is located just south of Downtown Ottawa in the Capital Ward. As of 2016, the neighbourhood had a population of 13,055.

The Glebe is bounded on the north by the Queensway, on the east and south by the Rideau Canal and on the west by LeBreton Street South, Carling Avenue and Dow's Lake. This area includes the Glebe Annex, an area west of Bronson Avenue, north of Carling Avenue, east of LeBreton South Street and south of the Queensway. It also includes the Dow's Lake neighbourhood, an area north of the Rideau Canal, east of Dow's Lake, south of Carling Avenue, and west of Bronson.

The Glebe lies in the federal riding of Ottawa Centre and the provincial electoral district of the same name.
Red–green–brown alliance
The term "red–green–brown alliance" (French: alliance rouge–verte–brune), originating in France in the 2000s, refers to an alliance of leftists (red), Islamists (green), and the far right (brown). The term has also been used to describe alleged alliances of industrial union-focused leftists (red), ecologically-minded agrarians (green), and the far right (brown).

Industrial unionism
Industrial unionism is a trade union organising method through which all workers in the same industry are organized into the same union, regardless of skill or trade, thus giving workers in one industry, or in all industries, more leverage in bargaining and in strike situations. De Leon believed that militarized Industrial unions would be the vehicle of class struggle.

Industrial unionism contrasts with craft unionism, which organizes workers along lines of their specific trades.
Dave's Picks Volume 48
Dave's Picks Volume 48 is a three-CD live album by the rock band the Grateful Dead.  It contains the complete concert recorded on November 20, 1971, at Pauley Pavilion in Los Angeles, California, on the campus of UCLA.  It also includes bonus tracks recorded on October 24, 1970, at Kiel Opera House in St. Louis, Missouri.  It was released on October 27, 2023, in a limited edition of 25,000 copies.

The album's liner notes include an essay by Bill Walton, who attended the 1971 show and was on the UCLA men's basketball team at the time.

The New Riders of the Purple Sage were the opening act at both the Pauley Pavilion and the Kiel Opera House concerts.

Dave's Picks Volume 48 debuted at number 33 on the Billboard 200 album sales chart. With this album, the Grateful Dead tied Frank Sinatra and Elvis Presley for the most top 40 albums with 58.

Bill Kreutzmann
William Kreutzmann Jr. (/ˈkrɔɪtsmɑːn/ KROYTS-mahn; born May 7, 1946) is an American drummer and founding member of the rock band Grateful Dead. He played with the band for its entire thirty-year career, usually alongside fellow drummer Mickey Hart, and has continued to perform with former members of the Grateful Dead in various lineups, and with his own bands BK3, 7 Walkers and Billy & the Kids.
Cyclodestruction
Cyclodestruction or cycloablation is a surgical procedure done in management of glaucoma. Cyclodestruction reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) of the eye by decreasing production of aqueous humor by the destruction of ciliary body. Until the development of safer and less destructive techniques like micropulse diode cyclophotocoagulation and endocyclophotocoagulation, cyclodestructive surgeries were mainly done in refractory glaucoma, or advanced glaucomatous eyes with poor visual prognosis.

Aqueous humour
The aqueous humour is a transparent water-like fluid similar to blood plasma, but containing low protein concentrations. It is secreted from the ciliary body, a structure supporting the lens of the eyeball. It fills both the anterior and the posterior chambers of the eye, and is not to be confused with the vitreous humour, which is located in the space between the lens and the retina, also known as the posterior cavity or vitreous chamber. Blood cannot normally enter the eyeball.
Nell Cole Graves
Nell Cole Graves (1908 – February 17, 1997) was a potter from Seagrove, North Carolina, and a winner of the 1996 North Carolina Heritage Award.

Graves grew up in Montgomery County, North Carolina, with her father, Jacon B. Cole, and her brother, Waymon Cole. Her father owned a pottery shop called J.B. Cole Pottery, through which two centuries of Cole potters persisted in the region. During Graves' early childhood, it was typical for women and children to help with preparing clay, glazing, and loading kilns, while the men were tasked with making the pottery and running the business. Graves father, however, taught her on a treadle wheel from age 9. Graves eventually came to run the family business.

Graves married Philmore Graves, and owned Graves Candle Shop, which was located south of Seagrove, as well as J.B. Cole. She died in the late 1990s, and was buried in the old Fairgrove Church Cemetery behind Graves Candle Shop.

Heritage Award
The PRS for Music Heritage Award is a ceremonial plaque installed in a public place to commemorate a link between a famous musician or music band and the location they performed their first live gig. The UK-wide plaque is awarded and funded by PRS for Music.
Maai: Pride of Bhojpuri
Maai: Pride of Bhojpuri is a 2023 Bhojpuri-Language film directed by Rajnish Mishra and starring Nirahua, Amrapali Dubey and Awadhesh Mishra in the main roles.This film is about a wealthy young man who must live as a beggar for 40 days to save his comatose mother.

Bhojpuri language
Bhojpuri (IPA: /ˌboʊdʒˈpʊəri/; Devanagari: भोजपुरीⓘ, Kaithi: 𑂦𑂷𑂔𑂣𑂳𑂩𑂲, (IPA: [bʰoːdʒpʊɾiː])) is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Bhojpur-Purvanchal region of India and the Terai region of Nepal. It is chiefly spoken in eastern Uttar Pradesh, western Bihar, and northwestern Jharkhand in India, as well as western Madhesh, eastern Lumbini. According to the 2011 Census of India, it is spoken by approximately 50.5 million people.

It is also a minority language in Fiji, Mauritius, Suriname and historically primarily in the Natal province of  South Africa. Fiji Hindi, an official language of Fiji, is a dialect of Bhojpuri spoken by the Indo-Fijians. Caribbean Hindustani is spoken by the Indo-Caribbean people in Guyana, Suriname, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. In Mauritius, it is recognised by the government and taught in university as well.

Bhojpuri language is listed as potentially vulnerable in the UNESCO World Atlas of Languages.
A-40174
A-40174 (SP-1) is an analgesic drug which acts as a potent cannabinoid receptor agonist, and was developed by Abbott Laboratories in the 1970s. It is a structural analog of dronabinol and dimethylheptylpyran.

Abbott Laboratories
Abbott Laboratories, commonly known as Abbott, is an American multinational medical devices and health care company with headquarters in Abbott Park, Illinois. The company produces pharmaceuticals for sale outside the United States (13% of 2024 revenues), diagnostic products (20% of 2024 revenues), nutritional products (22% of 2024 revenues), and medical devices (45% of 2024 revenues).

Abbott operates in over 160 countries and sources from at least 62 suppliers worldwide.

Abbott's products include Pedialyte, Similac, BinaxNOW, Ensure, Glucerna, ZonePerfect, FreeStyle Libre, i-STAT and MitraClip.

The company is ranked 107th on the Fortune 500 and 144th on the Forbes Global 2000.
2011 World Short Track Speed Skating Championships – Women's 3000 metre relay
The women's 3000 metre relay at the 2011 World Short Track Speed Skating Championships began on 11 March, and ended on 13 March at the Sheffield Arena.

The top eight teams from the World Cup season competed.

2010–11 ISU Short Track Speed Skating World Cup
The 2010–11 ISU Short Track Speed Skating World Cup was a multi-race tournament over a season for short track speed skating. The season began on 22 October 2010 and ended on 19 February 2011. The World Cup was organised by the ISU who also ran world cups and championships in speed skating and figure skating.
Dan Dailey (glass artist)
Dan Owen Dailey (born February 4, 1947) is an American artist and educator, known for his sculpture. With the support of a team of artists and crafts people, he creates sculptures and functional objects in glass and metal. He has taught at many glass programs and is professor emeritus at the Massachusetts College of Art, where he founded the glass program.

Emerging from the studio glass movement initiated by Harvey Littleton, Dailey's work has branched out from the mainstream by the incorporation of metal into many of the sculptures. Additionally, he has worked with several glass companies, for more than twenty years. Since 1971, Dailey's work has been featured in more than 150 exhibitions and included in over 350 juried or invitational group shows.

Renwick Gallery
The Renwick Gallery is a branch of the Smithsonian American Art Museum located in Washington, D.C. that displays American craft and decorative arts from the 19th to 21st century. The gallery is housed in a National Historic Landmark building that was opened in 1859 on Pennsylvania Avenue and originally housed the Corcoran Gallery of Art. When it was built in 1859, it was called "the American Louvre", and is now named for its architect James Renwick Jr.
Jay Red Eagle
Jay Red Eagle is a Native American flautist and Native American artist whose businesses include lines of music clothing called Nashville Threads and M.T. Medicine Bottle. His clothing and shoe designs include country music and Native American clothing, Hip hop clothing, and the first ever Cherokee shoes specifically designed using the Cherokee syllabary and language. He is an enrolled member of the Cherokee Nation. His debut CD was entitled Vision. He was born in Tahlequah, Oklahoma, and in 2010 he released a second CD titled Cherokee Nation which is also composed of Native American flute music.

Red Eagle won two Music Awards in 2006: Best Native American Artist of the Year and Native American Flutist of the Year.  In 2007 Red Eagle was voted Flutist of the Year a second time.

Tahlequah, Oklahoma
Tahlequah (/ˈtæləkwɑː/ TAL-ə-kwah; Cherokee: ᏓᎵᏆ, daligwa [dàlígʷá]) is a city in Cherokee County, Oklahoma located at the foothills of the Ozark Mountains. It is part of the Green Country region of Oklahoma and was established as a capital of the 19th-century Cherokee Nation in 1839, as part of the new settlement in Indian Territory after the Cherokee Native Americans were forced west from the American Southeast on the Trail of Tears.

As of the 2020 census, Tahlequah had a population of 16,209.

Tahlequah is the capital of the two federally recognized Cherokee tribes based in Oklahoma, the modern Cherokee Nation and the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians. Tahlequah is also the county seat of Cherokee County. The main campus of Northeastern State University is located in the city.
Eric Jarosinski
Eric Jarosinski (born 1971) is an American Germanist, author, humorist, and public speaker. Jarosinski writes under the nom de plume NeinQuarterly on the social networking site Twitter, where he writes linguistic, political, and philosophical aphorisms, keeping to the 140-character limit. Jarosinski writes in German, Dutch and English. He began tweeting in 2012 and soon had a significant following (with 150,000 followers as of 2017). He then made the jump to print with a weekly column in the leading German weekly Die Zeit (2014–present) and the Dutch daily NRC Handelsblad (2015-2016) Jarosinski's first book Nein. A Manifesto was released in 2015 and has been published in English, German, Spanish, Italian, Dutch, and Danish.

Aphorism
An aphorism (from Greek ἀφορισμός: aphorismos, denoting 'delimitation', 'distinction', and 'definition') is a concise, terse, laconic, or memorable expression of a general truth or principle. Aphorisms are often handed down by tradition from generation to generation.

The concept is generally distinct from those of an adage, brocard, chiasmus, epigram, maxim (legal or philosophical), principle, proverb, and saying; although some of these concepts could be construed as types of aphorism.

Often aphorisms are distinguished from other short sayings by the need for interpretation to make sense of them. In A Theory of the Aphorism, Andrew Hui defined an aphorism as "a short saying that requires interpretation".

A famous example is:

You cannot step into the same river twice.
Listed buildings in Bolton-on-Swale
Bolton-on-Swale is a civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England.  It contains four listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, two are listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the village of Bolton-on-Swale and the surrounding area.  All the listed buildings are in the village, and consist of a church, a memorial obelisk in the churchyard, a tower house, and a village pump.

Tower house
A tower house is a particular type of stone structure, built for defensive purposes as well as habitation. Tower houses began to appear in the Middle Ages, especially in mountainous or limited access areas, to command and defend strategic points with reduced forces. At the same time, they were also used as an aristocrat's residence, around which a castle town was often constructed.
National Museum of Montenegro
The National Museum of Montenegro (Montenegrin: Народни музеј Црне Горе, romanized: Narodni muzej Crne Gore) is the largest museum in Montenegro. The museum was established in 1896 and is located in Cetinje, Montenegro.

Montenegrin alphabet
The Montenegrin alphabet is the collective name given to "Abeceda" (Montenegrin Latin alphabet; Абецеда in Cyrillic) and "Азбука" (Montenegrin Cyrillic alphabet; Azbuka in Latin), the writing systems used to write the Montenegrin language. It was adopted on 9 June 2009 by the Montenegrin Minister of Education, Sreten Škuletić and replaced the Serbian Cyrillic and Gaj's Latin alphabets in use at the time.

There is a one-to-one correspondence between the two alphabets, and words are usually spelled so that they work in both.

Although the Latin and Cyrillic alphabets enjoy equal status under the Constitution of Montenegro, the government and proponents of the Montenegrin language prefer to use the Latin script exclusively; it is also much more widely used in all aspects of the day-to-day written communication in the country, in education, advertising and media.
Knoxville Ice Bears
The Knoxville Ice Bears are a professional ice hockey team. The team competes in the SPHL. They play their home games at the Knoxville Civic Coliseum in Knoxville, Tennessee. In 2006, the Ice Bears defeated the Florida Seals to take their first President's Cup. The Ice Bears won back to back President's Cup Championships in the 2007–08 and 2008–09 seasons. On April 18, 2015, the Ice Bears defeated the Mississippi RiverKings 4–2 to sweep the 2015 SPHL Finals and win their 4th President's Cup.

Mississippi RiverKings
The Mississippi RiverKings were a professional minor league ice hockey team. The RiverKings were a member of the Southern Professional Hockey League from 2011 to 2018 after playing their first nineteen seasons (1992–2011) in the Central Hockey League. On July 2, 2007, after 15 seasons as the Memphis RiverKings, the team's name was changed to Mississippi RiverKings.

For their first eight seasons, the team played their home games in the Mid-South Coliseum in Memphis, Tennessee. From 2000 to 2018, their home was the Landers Center in Southaven, Mississippi, a suburb of Memphis.

On June 13, 2011, it was announced the RiverKings had left the CHL to join the SPHL.

On May 24, 2018, the RiverKings' ownership announced it had suspended operations for the 2018–19 season, but the team never took the ice again.
John Mason (outlaw)
John Mason (18??–April 1866), with Jim Henry, was one of the leaders of the Mason Henry Gang organized by secessionist Judge George Gordon Belt. The group posed as Confederate partisan rangers, but acted as outlaws, committing robberies, thefts and murders in the San Joaquin Valley, Monterey County, Santa Clara County, Santa Cruz County and later in the counties of Southern California.

Santa Cruz County, California
Santa Cruz County (/ˌsæntə ˈkruːz/ ⓘ), officially the County of Santa Cruz, is a county on the Pacific coast of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 270,861. The county seat is Santa Cruz. Santa Cruz County comprises the Santa Cruz–Watsonville, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area. The county is on the California Central Coast, south of the San Francisco Bay Area region. The county forms the northern coast of the Monterey Bay, with Monterey County forming the southern coast.