hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Erwin Panofsky
Erwin Panofsky (March 30, 1892 – March 14, 1968) was a German-Jewish art historian whose work represents a high point in the modern academic study of iconography, including his hugely influential Renaissance and Renascences in Western Art and his seminal Early Netherlandish Painting.

Panofsky's ideas were highly influential in intellectual history in general, particularly in his use of historical ideas to interpret artworks and vice versa. Many of his books are still in print, including Studies in Iconology: Humanist Themes in the Art of the Renaissance (1939), Meaning in the Visual Arts (1955), and his 1943 study The Life and Art of Albrecht Dürer. His academic career was pursued mostly in the U.S. after the rise of the Nazi regime.

University of Hamburg
The University of Hamburg (German: Universität Hamburg, also referred to as UHH) is a public research university in Hamburg, Germany. It was founded on 28 March 1919 by combining the previous General Lecture System (Allgemeines Vorlesungswesen), the Hamburg Colonial Institute (Hamburgisches Kolonialinstitut), and the Academic College (Akademisches Gymnasium). The main campus is located in the central district of Rotherbaum, with affiliated institutes and research centres distributed around the city-state. Seven Nobel Prize winners and one Wolf Prize winner are affiliated with UHH.
Sarah Enany
Sarah Enany (Arabic: ساره عناني) is a literary translator.

She has a PhD in drama and teaches at Cairo University.

She has translated works by Yusuf Idris, Mohamed Salmawy and Ahmed Aboul Gheit, but she is best known for her translation of the Galal trilogy by Kamal Ruhayyim. The first volume of the trilogy, Diary of a Jewish Muslim, was nominated for the Banipal Prize. Her translation of The Girl with Braided Hair by Rasha Adly was also nominated for the Banipal Prize for Arabic Literary Translation in 2021.

She also authored the acclaimed Arabic translation of Les Misérables.

Mohamed Salmawy
Mohamed Salmawy is a leading Egyptian intellectual whose writings are widely read throughout the Arab World. He is the former president of the Writers Union of Egypt and the secretary general of the General Union of Arab Writers. A former editor-in-chief of a number of leading publications, including the widely circulated independent news-paper Al-Masry Al-Youm, he is one of Egypt’s most prominent columnists, play wrights and novelists.
Hibler
Hibler is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Joe Anna Hibler (born 1939), American educator

Mike Hibler (born 1946), American football player

Winston Hibler (1910–1976), American screenwriter, film producer, director, and narrator

Joe Anna Hibler
Joe Anna Hibler (born May 5, 1939) is an American educator. Much of her career was spent teaching business at the university level. Retired from active teaching, she is the former president of Southwestern Oklahoma State University (SWOSU), an inductee into the Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame, and currently a regent of the Regional University System of Oklahoma.
Carlo Antonio Venturi
Carlo Antonio Maria Venturi (Brescia, 11 October 1805 – 1864) was an Italian mycologist. In 1842 he published Mycological Studies, in which he described sixty-two species of fungi. In 1845 he published miceti dell'agro bresciano descritti ed illustrati con figure tratte dal vero.

In 1882, Pier Andrea Saccardo published Venturia, which is a genus of fungi in the family Venturiaceae and it was named in Venturi's honour.
Then in 1919, Hans Sydow and Paul Sydow circumscribed Neoventuria, which is a genus of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes. Lastly, in 1978, Venturiocistella (Sacc. & Romell) Raitv. 1978 another genus of fungi (in Hyphodiscaceae family).

Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, genetics, biochemical properties, and use by humans. Fungi can be a source of tinder, food, traditional medicine, as well as entheogens, poison, and infection. Yeasts are among the most heavily utilized members of the fungus kingdom, particularly in food manufacturing.

Mycology branches into the field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases. The two disciplines are closely related, because the vast majority of plant pathogens are fungi. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist.
Finnish–Swedish ice class
Finnish–Swedish ice class is an ice class assigned to a vessel operating in first-year ice in the Baltic Sea and calling at Finnish or Swedish ports. Ships are divided into six ice classes based on requirements for hull structural design, engine output and performance in ice according to the regulations issued by the Finnish Transport and Communications Agency (Traficom) and the Swedish Maritime Administration.

Swedish Maritime Administration
The Swedish Maritime Administration (Swedish: Sjöfartsverket) is the government agency in Sweden which provides services to the transport sector by keeping the sea lanes open and safe. The agency is to a certain degree financed through fees levied on commercial shipping.

The head office is in Norrköping.

The main services of the Maritime Administration include: pilotage, maintenance of marine fairways, ice-breaking, hydrographics, maritime search and rescue, seamen's service. It also maintains the lighthouses and other aids to navigation of Sweden. Until 1 January 2009, it also was responsible for  maritime safety inspection. Seagoing vessels navigating the Baltic Sea must meet certain ice class requirement. While its mainly deals with merchant shipping, other maritime activities are also taken into account.

Sjöfartsverket runs the Joint Rescue Center Gothenburg.
HMS Lizard (1886)
HMS Lizard was a Bramble-class screw gunboat of the Royal Navy, built by Harland & Wolff, Belfast and launched on 27 November 1886.

She commenced service on the Australia Station in January 1888, serving in New Zealand waters. Commander John Campbell Watson was appointed in command in July 1899, and served until late 1902. In 1900 she was detached to serve on the China Station during the Boxer Rebellion, and she stayed in Chinese waters until August 1901, when she returned to the Australia station. She was the first warship to enter Kiama, New South Wales. Her crew was paid off in September 1902 and ordered back home on a steamship. She was laid up at Sydney in 1904.

Harland & Wolff
Harland & Wolff is a British shipbuilding and fabrication company headquartered in London with sites in Belfast, Arnish, Appledore and Methil. It specialises in ship repair, shipbuilding and offshore construction.

Today, the company is focused on supporting five sectors: Defence, Energy, Cruise & Ferry, Renewables and Commercial. It offers services including technical services, fabrication & construction, repair & maintenance, in-service support, conversion and decommissioning.

Having entered administration for the second time in five years, it was bought by Navantia in January 2025.
A Study in Frustration: The Fletcher Henderson Story
A Study in Frustration: The Fletcher Henderson Story is a box set compilation surveying studio recordings of the Fletcher Henderson Orchestra from 1923 to 1938, released in 1961 on Columbia Records, CXK 85470. It initially appeared as a four-album set produced by Frank Driggs and assembled by John Hammond, both of whom also wrote the liner notes. The set was part of a Thesaurus of Classic Jazz series on Columbia.

Edgar Sampson
Edgar Melvin Sampson (October 31, 1907 – January 16, 1973), nicknamed "The Lamb", was an American jazz composer, arranger, saxophonist, and violinist. Born in New York City, he began playing violin aged six and picked up the saxophone in high school. He worked as an arranger and composer for many jazz bands in the 1930s and 1940s. He composed two well-known jazz standards: "Stompin' at the Savoy", and "Don't Be That Way".
NCE
NCE may stand for:

Newark College of Engineering, a part of the New Jersey Institute of Technology

New chemical entity, an investigational drug

New Civil Engineer, the weekly magazine of the Institution of Civil Engineers

Nigerian Certificate in Education

Non-commercial educational radio broadcasting

The IATA code for Nice Côte d'Azur Airport

Normal curve equivalent, a statistical measure related to percentile rank

The National Counselor Examination for Licensure and Certification of the National Board for Certified Counselors

New Clee railway station, England; National Rail station code NCE.

Northcote railway station, Melbourne

New chemical entity
A new chemical entity (NCE) is, according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, a novel, small, chemical molecule drug that is undergoing clinical trials or has received a first approval (not a new use) by the FDA in any other application submitted under section 505(b) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

A new molecular entity (NME) is a broader term that encompasses both an NCE or an NBE (New Biological Entity).
Kanazukai
Kanazukai (仮(か)名(な)遣(づか)い, ‘kana usage’) are the orthographic rules for spelling Japanese in kana. All phonographic systems (of which kana is an example) attempt to account accurately the pronunciation in their spellings. However, pronunciation and accents change over time and phonemic distinctions are often lost. Various systems of kanazukai were introduced to deal with the disparity between the written and spoken versions of Japanese.

Phoneme
A phoneme (/ˈfoʊniːm/) is a set of similar speech sounds that are perceptually regarded by the speakers of a language as a single basic sound—a smallest possible phonetic unit—that helps distinguish one word from another. All languages contain phonemes (or the spatial–gestural equivalent in sign languages), and all spoken languages include both consonant and vowel phonemes. Phonemes are studied under phonology, a branch of linguistics (a discipline encompassing language, writing, speech and related matters).

Phonemes are often represented, when written, as a glyph (a character) enclosed within two forward-sloping slashes /. For example, /k/ represents the phoneme or sound used at the beginning of the English-language word cat (as opposed to, say, the /b/ of bat).
Me, Myself, and I (1937 song)
"Me, Myself, and I" (sometimes "Me, Myself and I (Are All in Love with You)") is a song written by Irving Gordon with lyrics by Allan Roberts and Alvin S. Kaufman.

It was first recorded in 1937 by several artists including Billie Holiday and Her Orchestra, Benny Goodman and His Orchestra, Bob Howard and His Orchestra, and Dick Jurgens and His Orchestra with vocalist Eddy Howard. Other artists to record the song include Lester Young, Martha Tilton, Ruby Braff, Terry Blane and Tony Bennett, who included it in his 1997 Billie Holiday tribute album, On Holiday.

Benny Goodman
Benjamin David Goodman (May 30, 1909 – June 13, 1986) was an American jazz clarinetist and bandleader, known as the "King of Swing". His orchestra did well commercially.

From 1935 until the mid-1940s, Goodman led one of the most popular swing big bands in the United States. His concert at Carnegie Hall in New York City on January 16, 1938, is described by critic Bruce Eder as "the single most important jazz or popular music concert in history: jazz's 'coming out' party to the world of 'respectable' music."

Goodman's bands started the careers of many jazz musicians. During an era of racial segregation, he led one of the first integrated jazz groups, his trio and quartet. He continued performing until the end of his life while pursuing an interest in classical music.
We Still Don't Trust You
We Still Don't Trust You is the second collaborative studio album by American rapper Future and American record producer Metro Boomin. It was released on April 12, 2024, through Freebandz, Epic Records, Boominati Worldwide, and Republic Records. The album contains guest appearances from the Weeknd, Chris Brown, Brownstone, Ty Dolla Sign, J. Cole, Lil Baby, and ASAP Rocky. Production was primarily handled by Metro himself, with help from Mike Dean, Wheezy, Dre Moon, Southside, Chopsquad DJ, Allen Ritter, Oz, Honorable C.N.O.T.E., and others. It followed Future and Metro Boomin's first collaboration, We Don't Trust You, which was released three weeks before We Still Don't Trust You.

A double album, with the first disc being R&B-focused and the second disc being hip-hop- and trap-focused, it was supported by one single, its title track, with the Weeknd. The album received generally favorable reviews from critics and debuted atop the US Billboard 200, like its predecessor.

Dre Moon
Andre Eric Proctor (born June 9, 1991), better known by his stage name Dre Moon, is an American record producer from Brandywine, Maryland. He won Best R&B Song at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards for co-producing and co-writing Beyoncé's 2013 single "Drunk in Love." He serves as an in-hand producer for Metro Boomin's Boominati Worldwide.
British Lawnmower Museum
The British Lawnmower Museum is a museum dedicated to the history of the lawn mowers in Southport, Merseyside, northern England. The museum was opened in 1991 by Brian Radam, operating alongside his family business selling lawnmowers.

Lee Mack
Lee Gordon McKillop (born 4 August 1968), known by his stage name Lee Mack, is an English comedian and actor. Mack created, co-writes and stars in the sitcom Not Going Out, and is a regular team captain on the panel show Would I Lie to You?. In 2022 he began hosting the game show The 1% Club.
Stipan
Stipan is a masculine given name cognate to Stjepan (Stephen), used by ikavian speakers.

Notable people with the name include:

Stipan Blažetin, Hungarian-Croatian writer

Stipan Dora, Bunjevac wrestler from Serbia

Stipan Đurić, Hungarian-Croatian actor and singer

Stipan Konzul, Croatian Protestant writer

István Gyurity
István Gyurity (Croatian: Stipan Đurić; born 27 February 1970) is a Hungarian film and stage actor and folk music (starogradske pjesme) singer. He sings mostly traditional folk songs, these include Veselje ti navješćujem and Starogradski splet.

Đurić is the deputy of Hungarian Croat minority (Croatian minority self-government) in Hungary) in Budapest. He lives in Budapest.
Ted Haydon
Edward M. Haydon (1912–1985), was a University of Chicago track coach and founder of the University of Chicago Track Club. He was inducted into the USA Track & Field Hall of Fame and the U.S. Track & Field and Cross Country Coaches Association Hall of Fame. He coached Team USA in track at the 1961 Maccabiah Games in Israel.  He was an assistant coach for the 1968 and 1972 Olympic Teams and for the 1963 and 1979 Pan American Games.

Among others, he coached Rick Wohlhuter, Willye White, Brian Oldfield, Jud Logan, Jan Johnson, Al Carius, and Lane Patterson.

Jud Logan
Judson Campbell Logan (July 19, 1959 – January 3, 2022) was an American athlete. He won a gold medal in the hammer throw at the 1987 Pan American Games in Indianapolis. Logan competed in four Summer Olympics, starting in 1984.  His best finish was 13th in the qualifying round in 1984. At the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona, Spain he failed the doping test for performance enhancing drugs, and was suspended from competition for two years.
Aiv Puglielli
Aiv Puglielli (/eɪv pʊlˈjɛli/ AYV puul-YEL-ee) (born 1995/1996) is an Australian politician who is a member of the Victorian Legislative Council for the Victorian Greens, representing the North Eastern Metropolitan Region. He was elected in the 2022 Victorian state election on the 24th count. Upon election, he became the youngest member of the Victorian Parliament.

Prior to entering Parliament, Puglielli was an artist, composer, and producer working across the independent arts community in Australia. With a background in classical trumpet and composition, he trained at the National Institute of Dramatic Art, receiving a Diploma of Music Theatre. He then completed a bachelor's degree at the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts. He was elected to the Legislative Council at the 2022 Victorian state election.

Puglielli identifies as queer.

North-Eastern Metropolitan Region
North-Eastern Metropolitan Region, previously Eastern Metropolitan Region between 2006 and 2022, is one of the eight electoral regions of Victoria, Australia, which elects five members to the Victorian Legislative Council (also referred to as the upper house) by proportional representation. The region was created in 2006 following the 2005 reform of the Victorian Legislative Council. The region was renamed to its current name since the 2022 state election.

The region extends from Melbourne's inner eastern suburbs of Bulleen and Doncaster, north across the Yarra River to Lower Plenty and Eltham, and across to Bayswater, Croydon and Ferntree Gully (in the Dandenong Ranges) in the east below the Dandenong Ranges. It comprises the Legislative Assembly districts of Bayswater, Box Hill, Bulleen, Bundoora, Croydon, Eltham, Glen Waverley, Ivanhoe, Mill Park, Ringwood and Warrandyte.
Steyr SSG 08
The Steyr SSG 08 (German: Scharfschützengewehr 2008, lit. 'sharpshooter rifle [model] 08') is an Austrian bolt-action sniper rifle developed and produced by Steyr.  The rifle is a further evolution of Steyr’s earlier SSG 04 sniper rifle.

Sniper rifle
A sniper rifle is a high-precision, long-range rifle. Requirements include high accuracy, reliability, mobility, concealment, and optics, for anti-personnel, anti-materiel and surveillance uses by military snipers. The modern sniper rifle is a portable shoulder-fired rifle with either a bolt action or semi-automatic action, fitted with a telescopic sight for extreme accuracy and chambered for a high-ballistic performance centerfire cartridge.
Divisoria station
Divisoria station is a proposed Manila Light Rail Transit (LRT) station situated on Line 2. It is part of the Line 2 West Extension project, a 3.02-kilometer (1.88 mi) extension from Recto station to the Manila North Harbor in Tondo. The west extension project calls for the construction of three additional elevated stations,  two on Recto Avenue and one on Zaragoza Street near Pier 4 of the Manila North Harbor. It was approved by the National Economic and Development Authority last May 19, 2015.

The station would be the second for trains headed west from Recto and the eleventh for trains headed from Antipolo. It would be located west of the intersection of Recto Avenue with Asuncion Street.

Currently, the station is on the planning stages.

Port of Manila
The Port of Manila (Filipino: Pantalan ng Maynila) refers to the collective facilities and terminals that process maritime trade function in harbors in Metro Manila. Located in the Port Area and Tondo districts of Manila, facing Manila Bay, it is the largest and the premier international shipping gateway to the country. The Philippine Ports Authority, a government-owned corporation, manages the Port of Manila and most of the public ports in the country. It is composed of 3 major facilities, namely Manila North Harbor, Manila South Harbor, and the Manila International Container Terminal.
Mantra pushpam
Mantra pushpam is a Vedic hymn that is sung at the time of the offering of flowers to the Hindu deities at the very end of the Pujas. The mantra is considered to be the flower of Vedic chants.

This mantra is taken from the Taittiriya Aranyakam of the Yajur Veda. It speaks of the unlimited benefits which will be conferred by the secret knowledge of the water, fire, air, the sun, the moon, the stars, the clouds and time. It is normally sung in a chorus by all the Pujaris (priests) together after performing any Puja (worship) or Yajna. It tells in short that water (here water is ether) is the basis of this universe.

Vedic chant
The oral tradition of the Vedas (Śruti) consists of several pathas, "recitations" or ways of chanting the Vedic mantras. Such traditions of Vedic chant are often considered the oldest unbroken oral tradition in existence, the fixation of the Vedic texts (samhitas) as preserved dating to roughly the time of Homer (early Iron Age or 800 BC).

UNESCO proclaimed the tradition of Vedic chant a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity on November 7, 2008.[a]
Tortoise Beats Hare
Tortoise Beats Hare is a Merrie Melodies short film directed by Tex Avery and released on March 15, 1941. The short, loosely based on Aesop's fable The Tortoise and the Hare, stars Bugs Bunny and, in his first appearance, Cecil Turtle.

The Tortoise and the Hare
"The Tortoise and the Hare" is one of Aesop's Fables and is numbered 226 in the Perry Index. The account of a race between unequal partners has attracted conflicting interpretations. The fable itself is a variant of a common folktale theme in which ingenuity and trickery (rather than doggedness) are employed to overcome a stronger opponent.
Leutkirch–Memmingen railway
The Leutkirch–Memmingen railway is a 31.540 km long, single-track railway in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, which connects Leutkirch and Memmingen. It has been electrified as part of the Munich–Lindau line since 2020.

Buchloe station
Buchloe station is the only station in the town of Buchloe in the German state of Bavaria. It is at the junction of the Augsburg–Buchloe and Buchloe–Memmingen, Munich–Buchloe and the Buchloe–Lindau railways.
SM UC-32
SM UC-32 was a German Type UC II minelaying submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. The U-boat was ordered on 29 August 1915 and was launched on 12 August 1916. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 13 September 1916 as SM UC-32. In three patrols UC-32 was credited with sinking six ships, either by torpedo or by mines laid. UC-32 was sunk by the detonation of one of her own mines on 23 February 1917.

Minelayer
A minelayer is any warship, submarine, military aircraft or land vehicle deploying explosive mines. Since World War I the term "minelayer" refers specifically to a naval ship used for deploying naval mines. "Mine planting" was the term for installing controlled mines at predetermined positions in connection with coastal fortifications or harbor approaches that would be detonated by shore control when a ship was fixed as being within the mine's effective range.

An army's special-purpose combat engineering vehicles used to lay landmines are sometimes called "minelayers".
Gian Buffomante
Gian Buffomante (born March 27, 2008) is an American professional auto racing driver. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, driving the No. 22 Ford F-150 for Reaume Brothers Racing, and full-time in the Trans Am Series, driving for Nitro Motorsports. He is the son of Tony Buffomante, who is a former champion of the Trans Am Series TA2 class, having won it in 2016, and the Star Mazda Championship, having won it in 1997.

Ford F-Series (fourteenth generation)
The fourteenth-generation Ford F-Series is a range of pickup trucks produced by Ford, introduced for the 2021 model year. This was the first generation to include a fully-electric and hybrid pickup truck among the offerings, with the F-150 Lightning EV having entered production in 2022 and being discontinued in 2025. The F-150 is positioned above the mid-size Ranger but below the larger Super Duty in the Ford truck lineup.