hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jayathi Murthy
Jayathi Y. Murthy is an Indian-American mechanical engineer who is the current President of Oregon State University. Previously, she was the
Ronald and Valerie Sugar Dean of the UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science at the University of California, Los Angeles where she was also a distinguished professor.  Her research interests include macroelectronics, computational fluid dynamics, heat transfer, and phase-change materials.  Murthy has served on the Engineering and Computer Science jury for the Infosys Prize since 2018.

Macroelectronics
Macroelectronics are flexible electronics that cover a large area. The most visible example of macroelectronics is flat-panel displays. Other emerging applications include rollable display, printable thin film solar cell and electronic skin. Flat-panel displays fabricated on glass substrates are fragile so fabricating directly on flexible substrates, such as polymers is being explored. Displays made on thin polymer substrates can be more rugged than glass. In September 2005, Philips Polymer Vision revealed the world's first prototype of a rollable electronic reader, which can unfold to a 5-inch display and roll back into a pocket-size (100×60×20 mm) device. Thin-film devices on flexible polymer substrates can lend themselves to low-cost fabrication process (i.e., roll-to-roll printing), resulting in lightweight, rugged and flexible macroelectronic products.
Falak (1988 film)
Falak (transl. Sky) is a 1988 Indian Hindi-language action crime film drama directed by Shashilal K. Nair, produced by V. Sagar Bhagat and written by Salim Khan. The music for the film is composed by Kalyanji-Anandji. It stars Raakhee, Jackie Shroff, Madhavi, Shekhar Kapoor, Mohan Bhandari, Supriya Pathak, Sadhana Singh, Anupam Kher, Paresh Rawal, Kiran Kumar, Vikram Gokhale in pivotal roles.

Vikram Gokhale
Vikram Gokhale (14 November 1945 – 26 November 2022) was an Indian film, television and stage actor, noted for his roles in Marathi theatre, Hindi films and television. He was the son of the Veteran Marathi theatre and film actor, Chandrakant Gokhale.

Gokhale made his directorial debut in 2010, with the Marathi film Aaghaat. Produced by Sprint Arts Creation in 2013, he won the National Film Award for Best Actor category for his Marathi film Anumati. He also received Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Marathi for his film Bhingri.
Ratha
Ratha (Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hrátʰas, Vedic Sanskrit: रथ, IAST: rátha; Avestan: raθa) is the Indo-Iranian term for a spoked-wheel chariot.  The term has been used since antiquity for both fast chariots and other wheeled vehicles pulled by animals or humans, in particular the large temple cars or processional carts still used in Indian religious processions to carry images of a deity.

Darasuram
Darasuram or Dharasuram is a neighbourhood in the city of Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu, India. The area is known for the Airavateswara temple constructed by the Rajaraja Chola II in the 12th century CE. The temple is a recognised UNESCO World Heritage monument.
Bulgarian Mint
The Bulgarian Mint (Bulgarian: Монетен двор, romanized: Moneten dvor), established in 1952, is solely responsible for the production of legal tender coins in Bulgaria. It is owned by the Bulgarian National Bank.

The Bulgarian Mint produces Bulgarian euro coins since summer 2025. It also produces high quality gold and silver jubilees, medals, orders and other insignia of honour, necklaces, seals, mint collector sets and custom made badges, pins etc. The Mint is officially appointed to produce Bulgaria's orders and medals by the Presidency of the Republic of Bulgaria, the Ministries of Defence and Internal Affairs.

Together with the Bulgarian National Military Museum, the Mint hosts the Exhibition of Bulgarian Orders.

Order (distinction)
An order is a visible honour awarded by a sovereign state, monarch, dynastic house or organisation to a person, typically in recognition of individual merit, that often comes with distinctive insignia such as collars, medals, badges, and sashes worn by recipients.

Modern honour systems of state orders and dynastic orders emerged from the culture of  orders of chivalry of the Middle Ages, which in turn emerged from the Catholic religious orders.
Havre Public Schools
Havre Public Schools is a school district headquartered in Havre, Montana.

The district, in Hill County, includes Havre, East End Colony, Havre North, Herron, Hilldale Colony, Saddle Butte, West Havre, and most of Beaver Creek.

Hill County, Montana
Hill County is a county located in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,309. Its county seat is Havre. It lies along the United States border with Canada, abutting Alberta and Saskatchewan.

Part of its territory is within the Rocky Boy Indian Reservation, which is held by the federally recognized Chippewa-Cree Tribe.
Santo Tomas, Isabela
Santo Tomas, officially the Municipality of Santo Tomas (Ibanag: Ili na Santo Tomás; Ilocano: Ili ti Santo Tomás; Tagalog: Bayan ng Santo Tomás), is a municipality in the province of Isabela, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 25,997 people.

Ibanag language
The Ibanag language (also written as Ybanag or Ibanak) is an Austronesian language spoken by up to 500,000 speakers, mostly comprising the Ibanag people, in the northeastern provinces of Isabela and Cagayan in the Philippines. Ibanag is spoken widely in the cities of Tuguegarao, Solana, Abulug, Camalaniugan, Lal-lo, Cabagan, Tumauini, San Pablo, Santo Tomas, Santa Maria, and Ilagan, as well as in the area around the Cagayan River. Ibanag is also spoken by Filipinos in the Middle East, United Kingdom, and the United States. Most speakers of Ibanag can also speak Ilocano, the lingua franca of northern Luzon island. The name Ibanag comes from the prefix I- which means 'people of', and bannag, meaning 'river'. Ibanag is closely related to Gaddang, Itawis, Agta, Atta, Yogad, Isneg and Malaweg.
Upper motor neuron lesion
An upper motor neuron lesion (also known as pyramidal insufficiency) Is an injury or abnormality that occurs in the neural pathway above the anterior horn cell of the spinal cord or motor nuclei of the cranial nerves. Conversely, a lower motor neuron lesion affects nerve fibers traveling from the anterior horn of the spinal cord or the cranial motor nuclei to the relevant muscle(s).

Upper motor neuron lesions occur in the brain or the spinal cord as the result of stroke, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy, atypical parkinsonisms, multiple system atrophy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Cranial nerve nucleus
A cranial nerve nucleus is a collection of neuron cell bodies (gray matter) in the brain stem that is associated with one or more of the cranial nerves. Axons carrying information to and from the cranial nerves form a synapse first at these nuclei. Lesions occurring at these nuclei can lead to effects resembling those seen by the severing of nerve(s) they are associated with. All the nuclei except that of the trochlear nerve (CN IV) supply nerves of the same side of the body.
The Vanishing Hitchhiker (film)
The Vanishing Hitchhiker is a 2020 Italian horror-supernatural-drama short film, written, directed and edited by Rosario Brucato. Various themes intertwine in the film such as maternal love, kindness, the supernatural, premature death and the suspense that dominates in the film following the other themes. The film is loosely based on the famous urban legend of The Vanishing Hitchhiker.

Suspense
Suspense is a state of anxiety or excitement caused by mysteriousness, uncertainty, doubt, or undecidedness.  In a narrative work, suspense is the audience's excited anticipation about the plot or conflict (which may be heightened by a violent moment, stressful scene, puzzle, mystery, etc.), particularly as it affects a character for whom the audience feels sympathy. However, suspense is not exclusive to narratives.
Salah Fettouh
Salah Fettouh (born 5 May 1948) is a Moroccan sprinter. He competed in the men's 4 × 400 metres relay at the 1972 Summer Olympics.

Fettouh won multiple international medals in the 1970s. He ran the third leg on Morocco's bronze-medal-winning 4 × 400 m relay team at the 1971 Mediterranean Games. Four years later at the 1975 Maghreb Athletics Championships, Fettouh won silver in the individual 400 metres.

Athletics at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 400 metres relay
The men's 4 × 400 metres relay was the longer of the two men's relays on the Athletics at the 1972 Summer Olympics program in Munich.  It was held on 9 September and 10 September 1972.

The United States were heavily favoured in this event.
After the 400 metres final, the IOC banned gold and silver medalists Vince Matthews and Wayne Collett from the Olympics for life after they staged a protest on the podium, talking to each other and failing to stand at attention during the medal ceremony, while the third American in the event, John Smith, had pulled a hamstring as he was leading 80 metres into the final and had been ruled unfit to run.

This left the Americans unable to field a team, and they were forced to scratch, leaving no clear favourite.
NGC 1970
NGC 1970 (also known as ESO 56-SC127) is a bright open cluster and emission nebula in the Dorado constellation in the Large Magellanic Cloud. It was discovered by John Herschel on January 31, 1835. Its apparent size is 8.0. It is commonly known as the Tulip Nebula.

John Herschel
Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet KH FRS (/ˈhɜːrʃəl, ˈhɛər-/; 7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor and experimental photographer who invented the blueprint and did botanical work.

Herschel originated the use of the Julian day system in astronomy. He named seven moons of Saturn and four moons of Uranus – the seventh planet, discovered by his father Sir William Herschel. He made many contributions to the science of photography, and investigated colour blindness and the chemical power of ultraviolet rays. His Preliminary Discourse (1831), which advocated an inductive approach to scientific experiment and theory-building, was an important contribution to the philosophy of science.
Mount Odake (Tokyo)
Mount Odake (大岳山, Oodakesan) 1,266 m (4,154 ft)) is a mountain located within the Nishi-Okutama District, in the village of Hinohara and the town of Okutama, Tokyo, in western Tokyo, Japan, and located within Chichibu Tama Kai National Park.

The mountain has several hiking routes, and is one of the 200 most famous mountains in Japan (日本二百名山 Nihon 200 meizan), and one of the 100 Famous Mountains in Kanto.

Hinohara
Hinohara (檜原村, Hinohara-mura) is a village located in West Tokyo, the western portion of Tokyo Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2021, the village had an estimated population of 2,101, and a population density of 20 persons per km2. The total area of the village is 105.41 square kilometres (40.70 sq mi).

It is the only administrative unit left in the non-insular area of Tokyo that is still classified as a village.
Japan-US (cable system)
Japan-US (or Japan-US Cable Network – JUSCN or JUCN or J-US or JUS) is a submarine telecommunications cable system in the North Pacific Ocean linking the United States and Japan.
It has landing points in:

Shima, Mie Prefecture, Japan

Maruyama, Chiba Prefecture, Japan

Kitaibaraki, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan

Mākaha, Oahu, Hawaii, United States

Point Arena, Manchester, Mendocino County, California, United States

Morro Bay, San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo County, California, United States

It has a design transmission capacity of 640 Gbit/s, starting operation at 80 Gbit/s and a total cable length of 21,000 kilometres (13,000 mi). It started operation in August 2001. It was upgraded to be capable of 1.28 Tbit/s operation in March 2008.

Cable landing point
A cable landing point is the location where a submarine or other underwater cable makes landfall.  The term is most often used for the landfall points of submarine telecommunications cables and submarine power cables.  The landing will either be direct (in the case of a point-to-point cable system) or via a branch from a main cable using a submarine branching unit. The branch can be several kilometres long.
Clarence Palm
Robert Clarence Palm (October 27, 1907 – April 21, 1969), nicknamed "Spoony", was an American Negro league catcher who played for several teams between 1927 and 1946.

A native of Georgetown, Texas, Palm played a key role on the St. Louis Stars' 1928 Negro National League championship team. He died in New York, New York in 1969 at age 61.

St. Louis Stars (baseball)
The St. Louis Stars, originally the St. Louis Giants, were a Negro league baseball team that competed independently from as early as 1906 to 1919, and then joined the Negro National League (NNL) for the duration of their existence. After the 1921 season, the Giants were sold by African-American promoter Charlie Mills to Dick Kent and Dr. Sam Sheppard, who built a new park and renamed the club the Stars. As the Stars, they eventually built one of the great dynasties in Negro league history, winning three pennants in four years from 1928 to 1931.
Stanetinci, Cerkvenjak
Stanetinci (pronounced [ˈstaːnɛtintsi]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Cerkvenjak in northeastern Slovenia. It lies in the Slovene Hills (Slovene: Slovenske gorice) south of Cerkvenjak. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria and is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.

A small Neo-Gothic chapel-shrine in the settlement was built in the last quarter of the 19th century.

Wayside shrine
A wayside shrine is a religious image, usually in some sort of small shelter, placed by a road or pathway, sometimes in a settlement or at a crossroads, but often in the middle of an empty stretch of country road, or at the top of a hill or mountain.  They have been a feature of many cultures, including Chinese folk religious communities, Catholic and Orthodox Europe and some Asian regions.
1986 Sudan Airways Fokker F-27 shootdown
On 16 August 1986 a Sudan Airways Fokker F-27 Friendship 400M was performing a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Malakal (in present South Sudan) to Khartoum in Sudan, when it was shot down by the SPLA militants. All 60 people on board the aircraft were killed. As of February 2024, the shootdown remains the deadliest incident involving a Fokker F-27 and the deadliest aviation incident in South Sudan.

Sudan Airways
Sudan Airways (Arabic: الخطوط الجوية السودانية) is the national airline of Sudan, headquartered in Khartoum. Since 2012, the company has been fully owned by the Government of Sudan.

One of the oldest African carriers, it was formed in February 1946 (1946-02) and started scheduled operations in July the following year. As of December 2011, Sudan Airways had 1,700 employees. The airline has been included in the list of air carriers banned in the European Union since March 2010 (2010-03).
Tom Beard
Thomas LeRoy Beard Jr. (born June 10, 1948) is an American former professional football center who played with the Buffalo Bills in 1972. He was selected by the Denver Broncos in the eighth round of the 1971 NFL draft, and also played for the Lansing All Stars of the Midwest Football League (MFL) in 1971.

1971 NFL draft
The 1971 NFL draft was held January 28–29, 1971, at the Belmont Plaza Hotel in New York City, New York.  The Boston Patriots, who did not officially change their name to New England Patriots until after the draft, used the first overall pick to select quarterback Jim Plunkett, the Heisman Trophy winner. It was the first draft where the first three selections were quarterbacks (Plunkett, Archie Manning, and Dan Pastorini).

During round 17, after Falcons coach Norm Van Brocklin had yelled to his staff "Do we want the roughest, toughest s.o.b. in the draft?!", the team drafted the then-64-year-old actor John Wayne, though saying he was from "Fort Apache State" (Wayne actually played football at USC); NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle rejected the selection.
Siege of Colombo (1587–1588)
The siege of Colombo from 1587 to 1588 was a military conflict between the Portuguese and the Sinhalese troops of the King of Sitawaka, for possession of the city of Colombo, on the island of Ceylon, now Sri Lanka.

Rajasinha I
Rajasinghe I also known as the lion of Sitawaka  (Sinhala:පළමුවන රාජසිංහ) was a king of Sitawaka, known for his patriotism and fight against the Portuguese invasion of Sri Lanka. Born as Tikiri Bandara to King Mayadunne, he received the name "Rajasinha" (meaning the Lion King) after the fierce Battle of Mulleriyawa.
Islam in Pakistan
Islam is the largest and the state religion of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Pakistan has over 231.69 million adherents of Islam (excluding the administrative territory of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit Baltistan), making it the world's second-largest country by Muslim population. As much as 85–90% of Pakistanis follows Sunni Islam. Most Pakistani Sunni Muslims belong to the Hanafi school of jurisprudence, which is represented by the Barelvi and Deobandi traditions.

About 97% of Pakistanis are Muslims. The majority are Sunni (85–90%) while Shias make up around 10-15%. Smaller minority Muslim populations in Pakistan include Quranists, nondenominational Muslims. There are also two Mahdi'ist based creeds practised in Pakistan, namely Mahdavia and Ahmadiyya, the latter of whom are considered by the constitution of Pakistan to be non-Muslims; they jointly constitute less than 1% of the population. Pakistan has the world's largest Muslim majority city (Karachi).

Mahdavi movement
The Mahdavi movement, also called Mahdavia or Mahdavism, is an Islamic movement founded by Syed Muhammad Jaunpuri in India in the late 15th century. Syed Muhammad claimed to be Mahdi at the holy city of Mecca, in front of the Kaaba in 1496, and is revered as such by the Mahdavia community.
1988–89 NFL playoffs
The National Football League playoffs for the 1988 season began on December 24, 1988. The postseason tournament concluded with the San Francisco 49ers defeating the Cincinnati Bengals in Super Bowl XXIII, 20–16, on January 22, 1989, at Joe Robbie Stadium in Miami, Florida.

Ira Hillary
Ira McDonald Hillary (born November 13, 1962) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver for four seasons for the Cincinnati Bengals and Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the South Carolina Gamecocks. He was selected by the Kansas City Chiefs in the eighth round of the 1985 NFL draft.
1917 Puerto Rican general election
General elections were held in Puerto Rico on June 16, 1917. They were the first elections under the Jones–Shafroth Act, which had repealed the Foraker Act of 1900 on March 2. The Jones-Shafroth Act granted United States citizenship to Puerto Ricans. Among the changes brought about by this law were the increase in size of the House of Delegates from 35 to 39 members. Suffrage was denied to women, with only men over 21 years of age who owned property being able to vote. The elections the last before the 19th amendment to the United States constitution granted women the right to vote.

Félix Córdova Dávila was elected Resident Commissioner with 52% of the vote. Arthur Yager, appointed by President Woodrow Wilson, was the governor at the time.

Félix Córdova Dávila
Félix Lope María Córdova Dávila (November 20, 1878 – December 3, 1938) was a political leader and judge from Puerto Rico who served as Puerto Rico's fourth Resident Commissioner in Congress and later as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico.
Knowledge Quarter, London
The Knowledge Quarter (KQ) is an innovation district, situated in a one-mile radius of Central London, covering King's Cross, Euston Road and Bloomsbury.

The partners of the Knowledge Quarter include The British Library, The British Museum, Google, The Alan Turing Institute, Francis Crick Institute, Springer Nature, The Wellcome Trust, Recursion, Paul Hamlyn Foundation, Royal College of Physicians, UCL, SOAS, University of London and Working Men's College amongst others.

The Knowledge Quarter functions as a membership organisation led by Jodie Eastwood, the Chief Executive, and is a hub for innovation, culture and cross-sectoral partnerships and growth.

Paul Hamlyn Foundation
Paul Hamlyn Foundation is a registered charity, and a company limited by guarantee, which has been established in its current form since 2004, succeeding an earlier incarnation that was founded in 1987, which itself formalised established philanthropic giving by Paul Hamlyn that had been ongoing since 1972.

It is an independent grant-making foundation, making grants to individuals and organisations in the UK to help people overcome disadvantage. The foundation focuses on supporting children and young adults, especially in pursuit of the arts.

The Foundation is located in Kings Cross, London, with around 40 staff members. Trustees include James Lingwood (Chair), Jane Hamlyn, Michael Hamlyn, Marcus Davey, Martha Mackenzie and Akeela Ahmed.
Arctowski Nunatak
Arctowski Nunatak is a nunatak 2 miles (3 km) northwest of Hertha Nunatak in the Seal Nunataks group, off the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. It was charted by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition under Otto Nordenskjöld during a sledge journey in 1902, and named by him for Henryk Arctowski, Polish geologist, oceanographer, and meteorologist of the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–99.

Belgian Antarctic Expedition
The Belgian Antarctic Expedition of 1897–1899 was the first expedition to winter in the Antarctic region. Led by Adrien de Gerlache de Gomery aboard the RV Belgica, it was the first Belgian Antarctic expedition and is considered the first expedition of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. Among its members were Frederick Cook and Roald Amundsen, explorers who would later attempt the respective conquests of the North and South Poles.
Camp Curtin Fire Station
The Camp Curtin Fire Station is a historic fire station located at Harrisburg, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania and named for the Civil War camp of the same name. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1981, and was decommissioned the year prior because it was no longer large enough to accommodate standard fire trucks.

Dauphin County, Pennsylvania
Dauphin County (/ˈdɔːfɪn/) is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 286,401. The county seat is Harrisburg, Pennsylvania's state capital and ninth-most populous city. The county was created on March 4, 1785, from part of Lancaster County and was named after Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France, the first son of King Louis XVI. Dauphin County is included in the Harrisburg–Carlisle Metropolitan Statistical Area. Located within the county is Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station, site of the 1979 nuclear core meltdown. The nuclear power plant closed in 2019. The county is part of the South Central region of the commonwealth.