hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Laboratory drying rack
Laboratory drying rack is a pegboard for hanging and draining glassware in a laboratory. It is available in different varieties and sizes. It can be used for different materials of glassware in the laboratory room such as funnels, pipettes, mixing balls, slides, bottle stoppers, tubing and so on. In addition to that, the pegs on the drying rack are easily removable and replaceable in order to maintain the cleaning of the lab racks to avoid contamination with other apparatus used on the same rack. Any common laboratory needs to have at least two or three drying racks per lab.

Schlenk flask
A Schlenk flask, or Schlenk tube, is a reaction vessel typically used in air-sensitive chemistry, invented by Wilhelm Schlenk. It has a side arm fitted with a PTFE or ground glass stopcock, which allows the vessel to be evacuated or filled with gases (usually inert gases like nitrogen or argon). These flasks are often connected to Schlenk lines, which allow both operations to be done easily.

Schlenk flasks and Schlenk tubes, like most laboratory glassware, are made from borosilicate glass.

Schlenk flasks are round-bottomed, while Schlenk tubes are elongated. They may be purchased off-the-shelf from laboratory suppliers or made from round-bottom flasks or glass tubing by a skilled glassblower.
Grand Jury (Ireland) Act 1838
The Grand Jury (Ireland) Act 1838 (1 & 2 Vict. c. 37) was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, signed into law on 27 July 1838. It established that bills of indictment laid before grand juries should be endorsed with the names of the witnesses, and empowered the juries to administer oaths or affirmations to the witnesses, which were to be taken under the normal penalties of perjury for falsehood.

Affirmation (law)
In law, an affirmation is a solemn declaration allowed to those who conscientiously object to taking an oath.  An affirmation has exactly the same legal effect as an oath but is usually taken to avoid the religious implications of an oath; it is thus legally binding but not considered a religious oath. Some religious adherents hold beliefs that allow them to make legally binding promises but forbid them to swear an oath before a deity. Additionally, an individual may decline to take a religious oath due to their personal beliefs or those of their audience. In some jurisdictions, an affirmation may be given only if a reason is provided.
Twin City tractors
Twin City tractors were built by the Minneapolis Steel & Machinery Company until 1929 when it merged with the Moline Implement Company of Illinois and the Minneapolis Threshing Machine Company of Hopkins, Minnesota.

Twin City tractors were dark gray in color, and had a logo much like the "TC" that the Minnesota Twins baseball club uses. The following is a list of all the models of Twin City tractors made by the Minneapolis Steel & Machinery Company and the specifications for each model according to the Nebraska test reports.

Hopkins, Minnesota
Hopkins is a suburban city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States, located west of Minneapolis. The population was 19,079 at the 2020 census. The city is four square miles in size and is surrounded by the larger suburban communities of Minnetonka, Saint Louis Park, and Edina. The city's main street was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2022 as the Hopkins Commercial Historic District.
Joe Chill
Joe Chill is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly in association with the superhero Batman. Created by Bill Finger and Bob Kane, the character first appeared in Detective Comics #33 (November 1939). In most adaptations of Batman's origin story, Joe Chill is the mugger who murders young Bruce Wayne's parents, Dr. Thomas Wayne and Martha Wayne. The murder traumatizes Bruce, inspiring his vow to avenge their deaths by fighting crime in Gotham City as the vigilante Batman.

As an integral part of Batman's origin story, Joe Chill has appeared in numerous media adaptations. Richard Brake portrayed the character in Batman Begins, and Doug Bradley played him in Gotham Knights.

Vigilantism
Vigilantism (/ˌvɪdʒɪˈlæntɪzəm/) is an act commonly summarized as "taking the law into one's own hands" which, according to Merriam Webster, means "to try to punish someone for breaking a law even though one does not have the right to do that." A vigilante is a person who practices or partakes in vigilantism.
Gabriele Hooffacker
Gabriele Hooffacker (born February 10, 1959) is a German journalist, journalism teacher and a professor for specifics of media at Leipzig University of Applied Science. Her research interests are online media as well as interactive and participative formats in journalism.

Leipzig University of Applied Sciences
The Leipzig University of Applied Sciences, in German the Hochschule für Technik, Wirtschaft und Kultur (HTWK), is a Fachhochschule in Leipzig, in the Saxony region of Germany. It offers a combination of practice-oriented teaching and application-driven research, with a particularly broad spectrum of engineering and technical disciplines, as well as in the fields of economics, social science and culture. It offers more than 40 degree courses. There are currently about 6,600 students enrolled at HTWK Leipzig.
The Big Surprise
The Big Surprise is a television quiz show broadcast in the United States by NBC from October 8, 1955, to June 9, 1956, and from September 18, 1956, to April 2, 1957. It was hastily created by NBC in response to the ratings success of The $64,000 Question, which had premiered on CBS in summer 1955 and almost instantly became a hit. The Big Surprise offered a grand prize of $100,000.

The series was originally hosted by Jack Barry through March 3, 1956, after which he was replaced by Mike Wallace for the rest of the run. Barry would return to NBC a few months after leaving The Big Surprise with his own co-creations Tic-Tac-Dough and Twenty-One.

In late 1959, The Big Surprise was one of the shows admitted to have been controlled by its producers and staff, under the umbrella of the 1950s quiz show scandals.

Jack Barry (game show host)
Jack Barry (born Jack Barasch; March 20, 1918 – May 2, 1984) was an American game show host, television personality and executive who made a name for himself in the game show field. Barry served as host of several game shows in his career, many of which he developed along with Dan Enright as part of their joint operation Barry & Enright Productions.

Barry's reputation became tarnished due to his involvement in the 1950s quiz show scandals and the ensuing fallout affected his career for over a decade.
2011 BRD Năstase Țiriac Trophy – Doubles
Juan Ignacio Chela and Łukasz Kubot were the defending champions, but decided not to participate.
Daniele Bracciali and Potito Starace won the title, defeating Julian Knowle and David Marrero 3–6, 6–4, [10–8] in the final.

Julian Knowle
Julian Knowle (born 29 April 1974) is an Austrian former  professional tennis player. Being a born left-hander, Knowle was one of the few on the ATP Tour who played his forehand, backhand, and even volleys double-handed. He was Austria's most successful doubles player in history by reaching world No. 6 in the ATP doubles rankings in January 2008, before being matched by Jürgen Melzer, who reached No. 6 in September 2010, and overtaken only by Alexander Peya, who reached No. 3 in August 2013.
Jay Humphry
Jay (James Clarke) Humphry (born July 28, 1948 in Vancouver, British Columbia) is a Canadian former figure skater who competed in men's singles.  He won the gold medal at the Canadian Figure Skating Championships in 1968 and 1969 and competed in the 1968 Winter Olympics.  During his competitive career he was coached by Edi Rada and Ellen Burka.

After the 1969 season, he turned professional and skated with Ice Follies, where he portrayed the role of Oscar the Grouch from Sesame Street.

As of 2009, Humphry resides in Minneapolis, Minnesota where he works for a company that produces Sesame Street-themed live entertainment shows.

Edi Rada
Edi Rada (13 September 1922 – 13 July 1997) was an Austrian figure skater. He won the bronze medal at the 1948 Winter Olympics and was the 1949 European Champion. He won a bronze medal at the 1949  World Figure Skating Championships.
Here and Now (1992 TV series)
Here and Now is an American sitcom television series that aired on NBC from September 19, 1992, to January 2, 1993. The series starred Malcolm-Jamal Warner in the lead role, who prior to this series co-starred in The Cosby Show which ended its run in April 1992. Bill Cosby served as one of the show's executive producers along with Warner serving as executive consultant credited as M.J. Warner. The song "Tennessee" by Arrested Development was used as the show's theme song.

Arrested Development (group)
Arrested Development is an American hip hop group formed in 1988 in Atlanta by rapper and producer Speech and turntablist Headliner. The group offered an Afrocentric, socially conscious alternative to the prevalent gangsta rap of the late 1980s, and gained critical and commercial success with its 1992 debut album, 3 Years, 5 Months and 2 Days in the Life Of.... The album topped the Village Voice's Pazz & Jop Critics' Poll and sold over 6 million copies globally. In 1993, Arrested Development became the first hip hop act to win the Grammy Award for Best New Artist, also receiving the award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group.

After the commercial disappointment of their 1994 follow-up, Zingalamaduni, the group disbanded in 1996. They reunited in 2000 and have continued to tour and release music independently through Speech's label, addressing themes of racial justice, spirituality, and environmental issues.
Sérgio Sasaki
Sérgio Yoshio Sasaki Júnior (born March 31, 1992) is a Brazilian male artistic gymnast. He has collected a career tally of sixteen medals (six gold, eight silver, and two bronze) in a major international competition, spanning the Pan American Games, the Pan American Championships, and the South American Games. Sasaki also attended two editions of the Summer Olympic Games (2012 and 2016), as a member of the national team, reaching the final of the men's all-round both time.

He missed the 2015 World Championships due to a bicep injury.

At the 2009 Pan American Junior Championships, he won the floor, vault and parallel bars events and won bronze in the rings.

2015 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 2015 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships was the 46th edition of the Artistic Gymnastics World Championships. The competition was held from 23 October – 1 November 2015 at The SSE Hydro in Glasgow, United Kingdom, and is the first time that Scotland hosted the event. The competition served as a qualification for the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Japan won the men's team all-around competition for the first time since 1978, and the United States won the women's team all-around title for the third straight time. In the individual all-around competitions, Kōhei Uchimura and Simone Biles won their sixth and third successive title, respectively. Qualifying in thirteenth place, team Romania failed to automatically qualify to the Olympic Games for the first time since 1966.

On 4 December 2015, British Gymnastics announced that the event had been named "Sporting Event of the Year" by The Sunday Mail.
Europium(II) sulfide
Europium(II) sulfide is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula EuS. It is a black, air-stable powder.  Europium possesses an oxidation state of +II in europium sulfide, whereas the lanthanides exhibit a typical oxidation state of +III. Its Curie temperature (Tc) is 16.6 K. Below this temperature EuS behaves like a ferromagnetic compound, and above it exhibits simple paramagnetic properties.  EuS is stable up to 500 °C in air, when it begins to show signs of oxidation. In an inert environment it decomposes at 1470 °C.

Powder
A powder is a dry solid composed of many very fine particles that may flow freely when shaken or tilted. Powders are a special sub-class of granular materials, although the terms powder and granular are sometimes used to distinguish separate classes of material. In particular, powders refer to those granular materials that have the finer grain sizes, and that therefore have a greater tendency to form clumps when flowing. Granulars refer to the coarser granular materials that do not tend to form clumps except when wet.
Jim Splaine
James Raymond Splaine (born August 7, 1947) is an American politician and businessman, who served in the New Hampshire House of Representatives and the New Hampshire State Senate as a member of the Democratic Party.

Born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, Splaine received his bachelor's degree in political science and education from University of New Hampshire. He served on the Portsmouth City Council and as the assistant-mayor of Portsmouth. He also served on the Portsmouth School Board and was a Democrat. Splaine served in the Senate from 1979 to 1985, and in the House of Representatives from 1969 to 1971, 1973 to 1978, 1994 to 1996 and 1999 to 2011.

During his political career, Splaine came out as gay. He was one of the sponsors of the bill that legalized same-sex marriage in New Hampshire in 2009.

New Hampshire Senate
The New Hampshire State Senate is the upper house of the New Hampshire General Court, alongside the New Hampshire House of Representatives. The Senate has been meeting since 1784. The senate consists of 24 members representing Senate districts based on population. There are 16 Republicans and 8 Democrats currently serving in the senate.
Frank MacKenzie (politician)
Francis James Anderson MacKenzie (April 14, 1873 – July 6, 1932) was a Canadian politician. After being an unsuccessful candidate in the 1907 provincial election, he served in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1909 to 1920 from the electoral district of Delta, a member of the Conservative party. He was defeated when he sought re-election in the 1920 provincial election and again in a 1921 provincial by-election.

Delta (provincial electoral district)
Delta was the name of a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia based on the municipality of Delta at the mouth of the Fraser River between the city of Vancouver and the Canada–United States border. It made its first appearance on the hustings in the election of 1903 and its last in the election of 1986, after which it was succeeded by Delta North and Delta South, which are the current ridings in the area.
Wyle Laboratories
Wyle Laboratories (Wyle) is a government services company that provides specialized engineering, scientific, and technical services to the aerospace, defense, nuclear, communications and transportation
industries. Clients include NASA, the European Space Agency and the Department of Defense. It was first contracted by NASA on Project Gemini in the 1960s and has been a strategic partner for over 50 years.

In 2016, the company was acquired by KBR, Inc. and rebranded as KBR Wyle. It is still headquartered in El Segundo, California, and has approximately 4,800 employees at more than 50 facilities nationwide. It comprises three primary operating entities: Aerospace Group, CAS Group, and Integrated Science, Technology, and Engineering Group. Annual revenue is approximately $1.1 billion.

Norco, California
Norco is a city in northwestern Riverside County, California, United States. Located roughly 40 miles (64 km) inland from the Pacific Ocean, Norco is known as "Horsetown, USA" and prides itself on being a "horse community". The area is dotted with corrals, farms, hitching posts, ranches, riding trails, and tack-and-feed supply stores; there are also city ordinances in-place requiring new construction to have a "traditional, rustic ... Western flavor".

As of the 2020 census, the city population was 26,316, down from 27,063 at the 2010 census.
Star system
A star system or stellar system is a small number of stars that orbit each other, bound by gravitational attraction. It may sometimes be used to refer to a single star. A large group of stars bound by gravitation is generally called a star cluster or galaxy, although, broadly speaking, they are also star systems. Star systems are not to be confused with planetary systems, which include planets and similar bodies (such as comets).

K-type main-sequence star
A K-type main-sequence star is a main-sequence (core hydrogen-burning) star of spectral type K. The spectral luminosity class is V. These stars are intermediate in size between red dwarfs and yellow dwarfs, hence the term orange dwarfs often applied to this type.
Geulim
Geulim (Hebrew: גְּאֻלִים, lit. 'Redeemed') is a moshav in central Israel. Located in the Sharon plain near Netanya, it falls under the jurisdiction of Lev HaSharon Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 993.

Netanya
Netanya (Hebrew: נתניה, IPA: [netanˈja]), or Natanya (IPA: [naˈtanja]), is a city in the Central District of Israel, and is the capital of the surrounding Sharon plain. It is 30 kilometres (20 mi) north of Tel Aviv, and 56 km (35 mi) south of Haifa, between the Poleg stream and the Wingate Institute in the south and the Avihayil stream in the north.

Netanya was named in honor of Nathan Straus, a prominent Jewish American merchant and philanthropist in the early 20th century who was the co-owner of Macy's department store. The 14 km (8+1⁄2 mi) of beaches have made the city a popular tourist resort.

In 2023, Netanya had a population of 233,485, ranking it as the 7th largest city in Israel by population. An additional 150,000 people live in the local and regional councils within ten kilometres (six miles) of Netanya, which serves as a regional center for them. The city mayor was Miriam Feirberg, who died in 2025.
Physician writer
Physician writers are physicians who write creatively in fields outside their practice of medicine.

The following is a partial list of physician-writers by historic epoch or century in which the author was born, or published their first non-medical piece, arranged in alphabetical order.

Danielle Ofri
Danielle Ofri is an American essayist, editor, and practicing internist. She is an attending physician at Bellevue Hospital, and a clinical professor of medicine at the New York University School of Medicine. Her writing appears in The New Yorker, The New York Times, and The Lancet.
Robert Rosen (writer)
Robert Rosen is an American writer born in Brooklyn, New York, on July 27, 1952. He is the author of Nowhere Man: The Final Days of John Lennon, a controversial account of the ex-Beatle's last five years, based on Rosen’s memory of Lennon’s diaries.

His second book, Beaver Street: A History of Modern Pornography, was published by Headpress in the U.K. in 2011 and in the U.S. in 2012. The Erotic Review said of the book, "Beaver Street captures the aroma of pornography, bottles it, and gives it so much class you could put it up there with Dior or Chanel."

A memoir, Bobby in Naziland: A Tale of Flatbush, was published by Headpress in 2019. The Jewish Voice said that the book portrays Flatbush "with the characterizations and insight of a good novel.... But it really is the neighborhood that's the star of the story. You don’t have to be Jewish—or a Brooklynite—to be enchanted by this book."
The book was re-released in 2022 as A Brooklyn Memoir: My Life as a Boy.

The Jewish Voice
The Jewish Voice (TJV) is a conservative weekly newspaper based in Manhattan, New York, that was founded in 2003 as The Jewish Sephardic Voice. The Jewish Voice has a pro-Israel editorial outlook. It covers Israeli and American news (the latter focused on New York and, to a lesser extent, New Jersey and Florida). The paper describes its mission as "providing our readers with timely and thought-provoking news and opinion, from a pro-American, pro-Israel perspective". By 2025 The Jewish Voice became a multi media company, besides the weekly newspaper and sixteen platforms online (Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, Telegram, WhatsApp, and more).
Otto Wilhelm Hermann Abich
Otto Wilhelm Hermann Abich (11 December 1806 – 1 July 1886) was a German mineralogist and geologist who was among the first to conduct scientific studies in the Caucasus region and has been called the Father of Caucasian Geology. He worked briefly at the Imperial University of Dorpat and then travelled as part of the Corps of Mining Engineers of the Russian Empire. He collected minerals and fossils across the regions in which he travelled including Armenia, Persia, Italy and Daghestan.

Mineralogy
Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, and their utilization.
NCAA Season 93 basketball tournaments
The NCAA Season 93 basketball tournaments started on July 8, 2017, at Mall of Asia Arena, Pasay. This was the 93rd season of basketball for the National Collegiate Athletic Association (Philippines) (NCAA). Same as the last year's opener, the defending champions San Beda Red Lions will open their title defense bid as they will battle the season's hosts San Sebastian Stags at the first game, and at the second game the Arellano Chiefs will open their first season without Jio Jalalon as they take on the Mapúa Cardinals.

ABS-CBN Sports and Action will be covering the games for the third consecutive year.

National Collegiate Athletic Association (Philippines)
The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA; /ˌɛnsiː.eɪˈeɪ/ EN-see-AY-AY) is an athletic association of ten  private colleges and universities in Metro Manila, Philippines. Established in 1924, it is the oldest collegiate athletic association in the country. It is not affiliated with the NCAA of the United States, as such it is also referred to as NCAA Philippines to differentiate the two associations.
Shprintzen–Goldberg syndrome
Shprintzen–Goldberg syndrome is a congenital multiple-anomaly syndrome that has craniosynostosis, multiple abdominal hernias, cognitive impairment, and other skeletal malformations as key features. Several reports have linked the syndrome to a mutation in the FBN1 gene, but these cases do not resemble those initially described in the medical literature in 1982 by Shprintzen and Goldberg, and Greally et al. in 1998 failed to find a causal link to FBN1. At this time, the cause of Shprintzen–Goldberg syndrome has been identified as a mutation in the gene SKI located on chromosome 1 at the p36 locus. The syndrome is rare with fewer than 50 cases described in the medical literature to date.

SKI protein
The SKI protein is a nuclear proto-oncogene that is associated with tumors at high cellular concentrations.  SKI has been shown to interfere with normal cellular functioning by both directly impeding expression of certain genes inside the nucleus of the cell as well as disrupting signaling proteins that activate genes.

SKI negatively regulates transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) by directly interacting with Smads and repressing the transcription of TGF-beta responsive genes.  This has been associated with cancer due to the large number of roles that peptide growth factors, of which TGF-beta are a subfamily, play in regulating cellular functions such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, specification, and developmental fate.

The name SKI comes from the Sloan-Kettering Institute where the protein was initially discovered.