hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Committee on the Administration of Justice
The Committee on the Administration of Justice (often known by the acronym CAJ) is an independent human rights organisation in Northern Ireland with cross-community membership. It was established in 1981 and lobbies and campaigns on a broad range of domestic and international human rights issues. CAJ seeks to secure the highest standards in the administration of justice in Northern Ireland by ensuring that the Government complies with the rule of law and with all its obligations in international human rights law.

CAJ is an affiliate member of the leading global network of human rights NGOs, the International Federation of Human Rights (FIDH), along with Liberty in Britain and the Free Legal Advice Centres (FLAC) and Irish Council for Civil Liberties (ICCL) in the Republic of Ireland.

In 1998, CAJ was awarded the Council of Europe's Human Rights Prize.

CAJ's website contains details of all of its publications and consultation submissions since 1981, and information on membership.

Free Legal Advice Centres
Free Legal Advice Centres (FLAC; Irish: Ionaid Chomhairle Dlí Saor in Aisce) is a non-profit human rights organisation that provide pro bono publico assistance via a network of legal advice clinics throughout the Republic of Ireland. They have been involved in a number of notable law cases including Airey v. Ireland.
Ajitkheri railway station
Ajitkheri railway station is a railway station on the Indore–Gwalior line under the Ratlam railway division of the Western Railway zone in India. It is located at Ajitkheri, Dewas, in the Dewas district of Madhya Pradesh.

Dewas district
Dewas district (Hindi pronunciation: [d̪eːʋaːs]) is a district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. The town of Dewas is the district headquarters. It belongs to Ujjain Division.

The Dewas District roughly corresponds to the territories of the twin Maratha princely states of Dewas - Junior & Senior. The district straddles the Vindhya Range; the northern portion of the district lies on the Malwa plateau, while the southern portion lies in the valley of the Narmada River. The Narmada forms the southern boundary of the district. The district is bounded to the east by Sehore District, to the south by the Harda and Khandwa districts, to the west by the Khargone and Indore districts, and to the north by the Ujjain and Shajapur districts. Dewas District is part of Ujjain Division. Devsaal Rawats of Uttarakhand are said to have their origins in Dewas at the time of legendary king Vikramāditya. Dewas is about 152 kilometres (94 mi) from Bhopal and 40 kilometres (25 mi) from Indore by road.
TRNA-dihydrouridine synthase
In molecular biology, tRNA-dihydrouridine synthase is a family of enzymes which catalyse the reduction of the 5,6-double bond of a uridine residue on tRNA. Dihydrouridine modification of tRNA is widely observed in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and also in some archaea. Most dihydrouridines are found in the D loop of t-RNAs. The role of dihydrouridine in tRNA is currently unknown, but may increase conformational flexibility of the tRNA. It is likely that different family members have different substrate specificities, which may overlap. Dus 1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker's yeast) acts on pre-tRNA-Phe, while Dus 2 acts on pre-tRNA-Tyr and pre-tRNA-Leu. Dus 1 is active as a single subunit, requiring NADPH or NADH, and is stimulated by the presence of FAD. Some family members may be targeted to the mitochondria and even have a role in mitochondria.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses, which require it as a reducing agent ('hydrogen source'). NADPH is the reduced form, whereas NADP+ is the oxidized form. NADP+ is used by all forms of cellular life. NADP+ is essential for life because it is needed for cellular respiration.

NADP+ differs from NAD+ by the presence of an additional phosphate group on the 2' position of the ribose ring that carries the adenine moiety. This extra phosphate is added by NAD+ kinase and removed by NADP+ phosphatase.
National Geophysical Data Center
The United States National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) provided scientific stewardship, products and services for geophysical data describing the solid earth, marine, and solar-terrestrial environment, as well as earth observations from space. It was established in 1965 as part of the new Environmental Science Services Administration until that organization became the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in 1970. In 2015, NGDC was merged with the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) and the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) into the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI).

Solid earth
Solid earth refers to "the earth beneath our feet" or terra firma, the planet's solid surface and its interior.: v : 1  It excludes the Earth's fluid envelopes, the atmosphere and hydrosphere (but includes the ocean basin), as well as the biosphere and interactions with the Sun.

Solid-earth science refers to the corresponding methods of study, a subset of Earth sciences, predominantly geophysics and geology, excluding aeronomy, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, hydrology, and ecology.
St Cuthbert's coffin
What is usually referred to as St Cuthbert's coffin is a fragmentary oak coffin in Durham Cathedral, pieced together in the 20th century, which between AD 698 and 1827 contained the remains of Saint Cuthbert, who died in 687. In fact when Cuthbert's remains were yet again reburied in 1827 in a new coffin, some 6,000 pieces of up to four previous layers of coffin were left in the burial, and then finally removed in 1899.  This coffin is thought to be Cuthbert's first wooden coffin, and probably to date to 698, when his remains were moved from a stone sarcophagus in the abbey church at Lindisfarne to the main altar.

The coffin is almost the only surviving example of what was no doubt a very large body of Anglo-Saxon wood carving, being inscribed or engraved with linear images which have tituli in Latin lettering and Anglo-Saxon runes with names of apostles and saints. Many names are illegible.

Titulus (inscription)
See also Titulus (Roman Catholic) for Roman churches called tituli, or titulus (disambiguation) for more meanings.

Titulus (Latin "inscription" or "label", the plural tituli is also used in English) is a term used for the labels or captions naming figures or subjects in art, which were commonly added in classical and medieval art, and remain conventional in Eastern Orthodox icons.  In particular the term describes the conventional inscriptions on stone that listed the honours of an individual or that identified boundaries in the Roman Empire.  A titulus pictus is a merchant's mark or other commercial inscription.

The sense of "title", as in "book title", in modern English derives from this artistic sense, just as the legal sense derives from plainer inscriptions of record.
Jimenez JA-22
The Jimenez JA-22 is a .22 LR caliber pistol with a slide and frame made of Zamak, a zinc alloy. A version chambered in .25 ACP, called the JA-25, is also available. It was introduced by Jennings Firearms as the Jennings J-22 in the 1970s. Bryco Arms, Jennings' parent company, declared bankruptcy in 2003, and was subsequently purchased by the company's former foreman Paul Jimenez. After renaming the company Jimenez Arms, the J-22 and J-25 were renamed the JA-22 and JA-25 respectively.

The pistol is blowback operated and striker fired.  It came with a six-round magazine. A 2001 Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives publication warned that the pistol is "extremely dangerous" when dropped, with the "potential for serious injury", due to an insufficient gap between the trigger bar and the sear. The factory manual advised carrying the gun with the chamber empty.

Trigger bar
In a firearm action, the trigger bar is a flat metal piece that is used in some designs as a linkage between the trigger and the sear. The pressure ("pull") on the trigger through the bar causes a movement of the sear that releases the shot. Most modern semi-automatic pistols use the trigger bar in their actions due to the need for the trigger-sear linkage to go around the magazine.

The early small arms with matchlock used a long bar instead of a trigger. This bar is also known in the literature as a trigger bar. It was replaced by a short trigger resembling the modern one in the end of the 16th century, with its shape preserved for many more years in the outline of a trigger guard.

16th century trigger bar

AI-generated sketch of a Beretta-like pistol trigger bar
CGR 0-6-0T
The Cape Government Railways 0-6-0T back-to-back of 1876 was a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.

In 1876 the Cape Government Railways placed a pair of Stephenson's Patent permanently coupled back-to-back 0-6-0T locomotives in service on its Eastern System. They worked out of East London in comparative trials with an experimental 0-6-0+0-6-0T Fairlie locomotive which was acquired in that same year.

A third single locomotive of the same design was delivered to the Eastern System in 1879.

0-6-0+0-6-0
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 0-6-0+0-6-0 represents the wheel arrangement of an articulated locomotive with two separate swivelling engine units, each unit with no leading wheels, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles and no trailing wheels. The arrangement is effectively two 0-6-0 locomotives operating back-to-back and was used on Garratt, Double Fairlie, Meyer and Kitson-Meyer articulated locomotives. A similar arrangement exists for Mallet steam locomotives on which only the front engine unit swivels, but these are referred to as 0-6-6-0.

In the United Kingdom, the Whyte notation of wheel arrangement was also used for the classification of electric and diesel-electric locomotives with side-rod coupled driving wheels.
CXBN
Cosmic X-ray Background Nanosatellite (CXBN) was a satellite and mission developed by Morehead State University. Unlike its successor, it was a partial failure as its transmissions were too weak for its mission due to it going into an anomalous low power mode. It was supposed to take measurements of the cosmic X-ray background in the 30–50 keV range and temporarily supplement NASA's Radiation Belt Storm Probes.

Van Allen Probes
The Van Allen Probes, formerly known as the Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP), were two robotic spacecraft that were used to study the Van Allen radiation belts that surround Earth. NASA conducted the Van Allen Probes mission as part of the Living With a Star program. Understanding the radiation belt environment and its variability has practical applications in the areas of spacecraft operations, spacecraft system design, mission planning and astronaut safety. The probes were launched on 30 August 2012 and operated for seven years. Both spacecraft were deactivated in 2019 when they ran out of fuel. They are expected to deorbit during the 2030s.
Grand Valley State Lakers football, 1990–1999
The Grand Valley State Lakers football program, 1990–1999 represented Grand Valley State University (GVSU) during the 1990s in NCAA Division II college football as a member of the Midwest Intercollegiate Football Conference (MIFC) from 1990 to 1998 and the Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (GLIAC) starting in 1999. The team was led by head coaches Tom Beck (1985–1990) and Brian Kelly (1991–2003).

The team played its home games at Lubbers Stadium, named after former university president Arend Lubbers, located on GVSU's main campus in Allendale, Michigan.

Arend Lubbers
Arend Donselaar "Don" Lubbers (born July 23, 1931) was president of Grand Valley State University (and predecessor Grand Valley State College) from 1969 to 2001. He was the second president of Grand Valley, serving after James Zumberge and before Mark Murray. He currently holds the title of President Emeritus. Most of the university's growth came during his tenure.
2017 Trofeo Città di Brescia – Doubles
Mikhail Elgin and Alexander Kudryavtsev were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Sander Arends and Sander Gillé won the title after defeating Luca Margaroli and Tristan-Samuel Weissborn 6–2, 6–3 in the final.

Mikhail Elgin
Mikhail Nikolayevich Elgin (Russian: Михаил Николаевич Елгин, romanized: Mikhail Nikolayevich Yelgin, IPA: [mʲɪxɐˈil jɪlˈɡʲin]; born 14 October 1981) is a Russian professional tennis player.

Elgin became famous when he advanced to the quarter–finals in singles at the 2008 St. Petersburg Open, where he lost to Victor Hănescu from Romania 1–6, 4–6.
George Tottenham
Christianity portal

George Tottenham (20 October 1825 – 20 October 1911) was Dean of Clogher from 1900 to 1903.

He was the 10th son of Lord Robert Ponsonby Tottenham Loftus, Bishop of Clogher from 1822 to 1850, and the Hon. Alicia  Maude, daughter of  Cornwallis Maude, 1st Viscount Hawarden. He was  educated at Sherborne and Trinity College, Cambridge. Ordained in 1849, after curacies in  Donaghmore and Tynan he was Rector of Inishmacsaint. He was also Dean of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin and was made a Freeman of Dublin in 1861. He married Emily Frances Maclean, the eldest surviving daughter of Rev. William Maclean, Prebendary of Tynan, County Armagh. Together, they had seven children, only one of whom, Edward, went on to have children of his own.

Bishop of Clogher
The Bishop of Clogher (/ˈklɔː.ər/, /ˈklɒ.hər/) is an episcopal title which takes its name after the village of Clogher in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. Following the Reformation, there are now parallel apostolic successions: one of the Church of Ireland and the other of the Roman Catholic Church.
17th Colonial Infantry Division (France)
17th Colonial Infantry Division was an infantry division of the French Army during the First World War. It was deployed overseas, seeing action during the Gallipoli campaign, and thereafter on the Salonika front, fighting alongside British troops in both theatres of war. It was sent to the Crimea in December 1918 as part of the Army of the Danube.

Canon de 65 M (montagne) modele 1906
The Canon de 65 M modele 1906 where M stands for "montagne", or briefly 65 mm Mle 1906 where "mle" stands for "modèle", was a French mountain gun which entered service with the régiments d'artillerie de montagne in 1906 and was one of the first soft-recoil guns in service. The carriage of the Mle 1906 was hinged and could be broken down into four mule loads for transport. By 1939, the weapon was generally used as an infantry support gun. After 1940, the Germans used the guns as the 6,5 cm GebK 221(f). The gun was also used by Israel in 1948 Arab–Israeli War as Napoleonchik, and by Albania, Poland and Greece.
János Végső
János Végső (born 1 December 1990) is a Hungarian darts player who plays in Professional Darts Corporation events.

In 2016, he made his PDC European Tour debut at the 2016 European Darts Trophy and the 2016 German Darts Championship, losing in the first round to Martin Schindler and Darren Johnson respectively.

In 2017, he made his television debut in the 2017 PDC World Cup of Darts, partnering Zoltán Mester, but they lost in the first round to John Part and John Norman Jnr of Canada. In 2019, he returned to the World Cup with his new partner Pál Székely, but they again lost in the first round, this time to Max Hopp and Martin Schindler of Germany.

John Norman Jnr
John Norman Jnr (born 15 June 1974) is a Canadian former professional darts player who has played in the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events.

He earned a PDC Tour Card in 2017, as one of the top 12 ranked players on the Q-School Order of Merit. He represented Canada in the 2017 PDC World Cup of Darts along with John Part, where they reached the second round before losing to the Austrian pairing of Mensur Suljović and Rowby-John Rodriguez.
Elżbieta Benkowska
Elżbieta Benkowska (born 18 August 1988 in Gdańsk, in Poland) is a Polish film director, screenwriter and film editor. Her film Olena competed at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival. It was nominated for Short Film Palme d'Or.

Benkowska studied at the Gdynia Film School.

Short Film Palme d'Or
The Short Film Palme d'Or (French: Palme d'Or du court métrage) is the highest prize given to a short film at the Cannes Film Festival. Since the creation of the Cinéfondation section in 1998, a common Official Jury awards  the Short Film Palme d'Or as well as the prizes for the three best films of the Cinéfondation.

From 1952 to 1954 and from 1964 to 1974, the highest prize of the year for a short film was awarded as the Grand Prix du Festival International du Film, commonly referred to as Grand Prix. It was then in 1975 that the "Palme d'Or was reintroduced and became the enduring symbol of the Festival de Cannes."
Bangerter
Bangerter is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Friedrich Bangerter (1868-19??), Swiss-American inventor

Hans Bangerter (1924–2022), Swiss UEFA official

Jack Bangerter (1925–2008), American politician

Liz Bangerter (born 1974), American politician

Michael Bangerter (1936–2016), actor in A Bridge Too Far

Norman H. Bangerter (1933–2015), American politician

William Grant Bangerter (1918–2010), American Mormon missionary

It could also refer to Bangerter Highway (UT-154), a state highway in Utah named after Norman Bangerter.

Utah State Route 154
State Route 154 (SR-154) or Bangerter Highway (named after former Utah Governor Norman H. Bangerter) is a partial expressway running west and then north from Draper through western Salt Lake County, eventually reaching the Salt Lake City International Airport in Salt Lake City. Construction began in 1988 after planning for the highway began more than two decades prior. For the next ten years, portions of the highway opened as constructed, with the entire route finished by 1998.

Original plans for the six-lane expressway running through the western suburbs of Salt Lake City placed Bangerter Highway running further north past the Salt Lake City International Airport into Davis County. However, any route north of the airport never reached fruition, whereas the original southerly end of the route was extended from Redwood Road to I-15.
Mwansa
Mwansa is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Kalombo Mwansa (born 1955), Zambian politician

Kenny Mwansa (born 1949), Zambian boxer

Sebastian Mwansa (born 1988), Zambian footballer

Tolomeo Mwansa (1941–2014), Zambian footballer

Kenny Mwansa
Kenny Mwansa (born 14 July 1949) is a Zambian boxer. He competed in the men's flyweight event at the 1968 Summer Olympics. At the 1968 Summer Olympics, he defeated Rodolfo Díaz of the Philippines, before losing to Nikolay Novikov of the Soviet Union.
Premier Bank
Premier Bank is a Somali privately owned Sharia compliant commercial bank.  It was incorporated in Somalia in 2013 and licensed by the Central Bank of Somalia in 2014.

It was the first bank in Somalia to allow MasterCard credit cards and partner with Visa.

Commercial bank
A commercial bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and gives loans to its clients to make a profit.

It can also refer to a bank or a division of a larger bank that deals with wholesale banking to corporations or large or middle-sized businesses, to differentiate from retail banks and investment banks. Commercial banks include private sector banks and public sector banks. However, central banks function differently from commercial banks, despite a common misconception known as the "bank analogy". Unlike commercial banks, central banks are not primarily focused on generating profits and cannot become insolvent in the same way as commercial banks in a fiat currency system.
My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic finale
The three-part series finale of My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic comprised the 24th to 26th episodes of the ninth season and the 219th to 221st overall: the two parts of "The Ending of the End" along with "The Last Problem". The finale aired in prime time on Discovery Family on October 12, 2019, two days after the series' ninth anniversary.

"The Ending of the End" follows Twilight Sparkle, Applejack, Rainbow Dash, Fluttershy, Rarity, Pinkie Pie—known collectively as the "Mane Six"— and their dragon friend Spike defending Equestria from their past enemies who are now united. "The Last Problem" is set years after the events of "The Ending of the End", wherein Twilight recounts her time with the Mane Six to one of her students experiencing a friendship problem.

Spike (My Little Pony)
Spike is a fictional character who appears in the fourth incarnation of Hasbro's My Little Pony toyline and media franchise, beginning with My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (2010–2019). He serves as a major character throughout the series and is the adoptive younger brother and assistant to Twilight Sparkle, the series' main protagonist. He is voiced by Cathy Weseluck.

Spike is depicted as an anthropomorphic baby dragon who helps Twilight organize her daily activities, takes notes during her friendship lessons, and magically sends her letters through his fire breath. He harbors an unrequited crush on Rarity and dreams of growing up to become a brave and noble dragon.
Rataul
Rataul is a town and a nagar panchayat located in the Khekra tehsil, in the Baghpat district, Uttar Pradesh state, India. It is 25 km (16 mi) from the Indian capital of Delhi, and also 7 km (4.3 mi) from Loni.

Bagpat district
Bagpat district, also spelled as Baghpat district, is one of the 75 districts of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, with headquarters at the town of Baghpat. It is within the National Capital Region. Created in 1997, the district has an area of 1,321 square kilometres (510 sq mi). Baghpat has a population of 1,303,048 as of 2011 census.
Mariahilfer Straße
48°11′55″N 16°21′03″E﻿ / ﻿48.198611°N 16.350833°E﻿ / 48.198611; 16.350833

Mariahilfer Straße is the largest and one of the most famous shopping streets in Vienna, Austria. It connects the Innere Stadt with the 15th district, Rudolfsheim-Fünfhaus, and the Westbahnhof railway station. The street was named after Mariahilf, Vienna's 6th district, in 1897, and is commonly referred to as "Mahü".

Innere Stadt
The Innere Stadt (German pronunciation: [ˈɪnərə ˈʃtad] ⓘ; Viennese: Innare Stod; "Inner City") is the 1st municipal district of Vienna (German: 1. Bezirk) located in the center of the Austrian capital. The Innere Stadt is the old town of Vienna. Until the city boundaries were expanded in 1850, the Innere Stadt was congruent with the city of Vienna. Traditionally it was divided into four quarters, which were designated after important town gates: Stubenviertel (northeast), Kärntner Viertel (southeast), Widmerviertel (southwest), Schottenviertel (northwest).

The Ringstraße circles the Innere Stadt along the route of the former city walls.

The first district is, with a workforce of 100,745, the largest employment locale in Vienna. This is partially due to tourism, as well as the presence of many corporate headquarters due to the district's central location.
Afrikahaus (Hamburg)
The Afrikahaus is an office building at Große Reichenstraße 27 in the German city of Hamburg. It was built in 1899 as the headquarters of the C. Woermann firm (including the Woermann-Linie) by the Hamburg architect Martin Haller and was given listed monument status in 1972.

Martin Haller
Martin Emil Ferdinand Haller (1835–1925) was a German architect, who designed the Hamburg Rathaus and the building of the Consulate General of the United States in Hamburg, and a member of the Hamburg Parliament.