hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
12th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment
The 12th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment was a volunteer infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. They served primarily in the western theatre of the war, participating in battles and campaigns including the Siege of Vicksburg, the Jackson expedition, the Atlanta campaign, and Sherman's March to the Sea.

Atlanta campaign
The Atlanta campaign was a series of battles fought in the Western Theater of the American Civil War throughout northwest Georgia and the area around Atlanta during the summer of 1864. Union Maj. Gen.  William Tecumseh Sherman invaded Georgia from the vicinity of Chattanooga, Tennessee, beginning in May 1864, opposed by the Confederate general Joseph E. Johnston.

Johnston's Army of Tennessee withdrew toward Atlanta in the face of successive flanking maneuvers by Sherman's group of armies. In July, the Confederate president, Jefferson Davis, replaced Johnston with the more aggressive General John B. Hood, who began challenging the Union Army in a series of costly frontal assaults. Hood's army was eventually besieged in Atlanta and the city fell on September 2, setting the stage for Sherman's March to the Sea and hastening the end of the war.
2025 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards
The 51st Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards, given by the Los Angeles Film Critics Association (LAFCA), honored the best in film for 2025. The awards were announced on December 7, 2025. Paul Thomas Anderson's action thriller One Battle After Another led the awards with three wins, including Best Film, Best Director and Best Supporting Performance (Teyana Taylor).

The winners were honored at the association's annual banquet in the Biltmore Hotel on January 10, 2026. On October 22, 2025, it was announced that American filmmaker Philip Kaufman would be honored with the Career Achievement Award.

Blue Moon (2025 film)
Blue Moon is a 2025 American biographical comedy-drama film directed by Richard Linklater and written by Robert Kaplow, inspired by the letters of Elizabeth Weiland to Lorenz Hart. The film stars Ethan Hawke, Margaret Qualley, Bobby Cannavale, and Andrew Scott. Its plot follows Hart as he reflects on himself on the opening night of Oklahoma!, a new musical by his former colleague Richard Rodgers.

Blue Moon had its world premiere at the main competition of the 75th Berlin International Film Festival on February 18, 2025, where it won the Silver Bear for Best Supporting Performance for Scott. At the 83rd Golden Globe Awards, it was nominated for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy and Best Actor for Hawke. At the 98th Academy Awards, Kaplow was nominated for Best Original Screenplay and Hawke for Best Actor.

It was theatrically released in the United States by Sony Pictures Classics on October 17, 2025, and received positive reviews from critics.
Penta-graphene
Penta-graphene is a hypothetical carbon allotrope composed entirely of carbon pentagons and resembling the Cairo pentagonal tiling. Penta-graphene was proposed in 2014 on the basis of analyses and simulations. Further calculations predicted that it is unstable in its pure form, but can be stabilized by hydrogenation. Due to its atomic configuration, penta-graphene has an unusually negative Poisson’s ratio and very high ideal strength believed to exceed that of a similar material, graphene.

Penta-graphene contains both sp2 and sp3 hybridized carbon atoms. Contrary to graphene, which is a good conductor of electricity, penta-graphene is predicted to be an insulator with an indirect band gap of 4.1–4.3 eV. Its hydrogenated form is called penta-graphane. It has a diamond-like structure with sp3 and no sp2 bonds, and therefore a wider band gap (ca. 5.8 eV) than penta-graphene. Chiral penta-graphene nanotubes have also been studied as metastable allotropes of carbon.

Poisson's ratio
In materials science and solid mechanics, Poisson's ratio (symbol: ν (nu)) is a measure of the Poisson effect, the deformation (expansion or contraction) of a material in directions perpendicular to the specific direction of loading. The value of Poisson's ratio is the negative of the ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. For small values of these changes, ν is the amount of transversal elongation divided by the amount of axial compression.

Most materials have Poisson's ratio values ranging between 0.0 and 0.5. For soft materials, such as rubber, where the bulk modulus is much higher than the shear modulus, Poisson's ratio is near 0.5. For open-cell polymer foams, Poisson's ratio is near zero, since the cells tend to collapse in compression. Many typical solids have Poisson's ratios in the range of 0.2 to 0.3.

The ratio is named after the French mathematician and physicist Siméon Poisson.
Fatty Bear's Birthday Surprise
Fatty Bear's Birthday Surprise is an adventure video game developed by Humongous Entertainment and published in 1993 for 3DO, MS-DOS, and Classic Mac OS. A Windows version followed in 1995. Fatty Bear's Birthday Surprise is the second game by Humongous Entertainment, the first being Putt-Putt Joins the Parade. It is the only Fatty Bear adventure, although the character was also used in the minigame compilations Fatty Bear's Fun Pack and the crossover spin-off Putt-Putt & Fatty Bear's Activity Pack. In July 2013, Tommo bought the Fatty Bear license for the Atari bankruptcy proceedings.

Minigame
A minigame (also spelled mini game and mini-game, sometimes called a subgame or microgame) is a short game often contained within another video game. A minigame contains different gameplay elements  and is often smaller or more simplistic than the game in which it is contained.

Some video games consist entirely of minigames which tie into an overall theme, such as Olympic Decathlon (1980). Minigames can also be used to represent a specific experience, such as hacking and lock picking, both of which are found in Bethesda games, or scanning an area, that ties into a larger game.
Meadow Portage, Manitoba
Meadow Portage is a community in the Canadian province of Manitoba.

Meadow Portage is the name of a two kilometre fur-trade era portage across the isthmus between Lake Winnipegosis and Lake Manitoba. The portage avoids a longer river-journey option north (via Long Island Bay to the West Waterhen River and Waterhen Lake, then a sharp turn south to the Waterhen River), a savings of about 70 km to Lake Manitoba.

Meadow Portage was originally inhabited by the Cree, Assiniboines, and the Ojibway peoples. The Hudson Bay Company then set up a trading post near the shore of Lake Manitoba in order to facilitate the fur trade. The telephone area code for Meadow Portage is (204).

Waterhen Lake (Manitoba)
Waterhen Lake is a lake in Manitoba, Canada, located about 300 km north of the provincial capital of Winnipeg, between Lake Winnipeg and Lake Winnipegosis.

From Long Island Bay at the southeast end of Lake Winnipegosis the West Waterhen and Little Waterhen rivers flow north about 16 km (10 miles) into Waterhen Lake then the Waterhen River flows south 22 km (13.5 miles) into the northern end of Lake Manitoba.

Waterhen Indian Reserve No. 45, aka "Waterhen", which is the reserve community of the Skownan First Nation, is located on its south shore.
Barloworld (cycling team)
Barloworld (UCI team code: BAR) was a UCI Professional Continental cycling team that competed between 2003 and 2009. Its sponsor company was South African and the team maintained a South African identity, but it was first registered in Italy and then, from 2007, in Great Britain.

Barloworld rode UCI Continental Circuits races and, when selected, UCI ProTour events. They were managed by Claudio Corti, with Valerio Tebaldi, Christian Andersen and Alberto Volpi as directeurs sportifs. Its prominent riders included South African Robert Hunter and Colombian Mauricio Soler. Chris Froome rode for Barloworld for 2008 and 2009.

The sponsor was Barloworld, an industrial brand management company. The team rode Bianchi frames with Shimano components.

Mauricio Soler
Juan Mauricio Soler Hernández (born January 14, 1983, in Ramiriquí, Boyacá) is a Colombian former professional road bicycle racer, who last rode for UCI ProTour team Movistar Team. He competed in the Tour de France for the first time in 2007, winning stage 9, having broken away on the Col du Galibier. He won that year's King of the Mountains title. Soler stated the stage win was "a victory from heaven. It is the biggest win of my life, and in my first Tour de France. I didn't think it would come so quickly." He finished 11th overall that year. Soler had a career-ending crash in the 2011 Tour de Suisse.
Fish Slough Area of Critical Environmental Concern
The Fish Slough Area of Critical Environmental Concern is a protected slough in Inyo County, eastern California. It is located on the western side of the Chalfant Valley,  5 miles (8.0 km) north of Bishop in the northern Owens Valley area.

Its 36,000 acres (15,000 ha) were designated as an Area of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC) in 1982, and is managed by the Bureau of Land Management. The Fish Slough Area is an oasis in the middle of the otherwise arid volcanic tableland. In 1975, Fish Slough was designated as a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service.

Area of Critical Environmental Concern
Areas of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC) is a conservation ecology program in the Western United States, managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). The ACEC program was conceived in the 1976 Federal Lands Policy and Management Act (FLPMA), which established the first conservation ecology mandate for the BLM. The FLPMA mandate directs the BLM to protect important riparian corridors, threatened and endangered species habitats, cultural and archeological resources, as well as unique scenic landscapes that the agency assesses as in need of special management attention.
Ithramathram
Ithramathram is a 2012 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by K. Gopinathan from a screenplay adapted from Kalpatta Narayanan's novel of the same name. The film takes a closer look into the life of a 38-year-old woman living in a sleepy village in Wayanad, on her death, from the memories of a few persons who were part of her life. The film stars Biju Menon, Swetha Menon and Malavika in pivotal roles. The film was released on 14 September 2012 to mixed reviews. It won the FIPRESCI Award for Best Malayalam Film at the 17th International Film Festival of Kerala.

International Federation of Film Critics
The International Federation of Film Critics (FIPRESCI, short for Fédération Internationale de la Presse Cinématographique) is an association of national organizations of professional film critics and film journalists from around the world for "the promotion and development of film culture and for the safeguarding of professional interests." It was founded in June 1930 in Brussels, Belgium. It has members in more than 50 countries worldwide.
2010 Yas Marina GP2 Asia Series round
The 2009–10 Abu Dhabi 2nd GP2 Asia round was the second round of the 2009-10 GP2 Asia Series season. It was held on February 5 and 6, 2010 at Yas Marina Circuit at Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. It is the second of two rounds to be held at the circuit, the other being the 2009-10 Abu Dhabi 1st GP2 Asia round. The next race of the season will be at Bahrain International Circuit, Sakhir, Bahrain and will be the first round to be held at the circuit of the season.

Luca Filippi
Luca Filippi (born 9 August 1985 in Savigliano, Italy) is an Italian former auto racing driver. He competed in GP2 Series from 2006 to 2012, and the IndyCar Series from 2013 to 2016. In 2008, he was the official Honda Racing F1 test driver.
The World Today (magazine)
The World Today is a quarterly global affairs magazine founded by Chatham House in 1945. It aims to bring the Institute's analysis to a broad audience, featuring internal research alongside external contributors. The World Today publishes analysis, commentary, interviews, book reviews, photography and original reportage.

Prominent contributors include the British journalist Jon Snow, former Prime Minister of New Zealand Helen Clark, British diplomat Martin Griffiths, and Conservative MP Justine Greening.

The magazine is sent to decision-makers in FTSE 100 companies and major embassies in London, as well as to key individuals in the British Parliament, Whitehall, the media, and academia. Magazine subscription is open to individuals and institutions, and it is also included in Chatham House membership.

The World Today replaced the Bulletin of International News, which was published from 1925 to 1945.

Jon Snow (journalist)
Jonathan George Snow (born 28 September 1947) is an English journalist and television presenter. He is best known as the longest-running presenter of Channel 4 News, which he presented from 1989 to 2021. On 29 April 2021, Snow announced his retirement from the role; his final programme aired on 23 December 2021. Although Channel 4's news programming is produced by ITN, Snow was employed directly by the broadcaster.

Snow has held numerous honorary appointments, including Chancellor of Oxford Brookes University from 2001 to 2008.
Press Advertisement Institution
The Press Advertisement Institution (Turkish: Basın İlan Kurumu; BIK), also known as the Press Advertisement Agency, is a public legal entity of the government of Turkey responsible for distribution of government ads to the Turkish newspapers, including private and state-owned. Established in 1961 under the Law No. 195, it is affiliated with the Directorate of Communications and works under the 36 members elected from the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. Members are divided into three groups such as "Press", "Government" and "Impartial".

Government of Turkey
The Government of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Hükûmeti) is the national government of Turkey. It is governed as a unitary state under a presidential representative democracy and a constitutional republic within a pluriform multi-party system. The term government can mean either the collective set of institutions (the executive, legislative, and judicial branches) or specifically the Cabinet (the executive).
Booster (electric power)
A booster was a motor–generator (MG) set used for voltage regulation in direct current (DC) electrical power circuits. The development of alternating current and solid-state devices has rendered it obsolete. Boosters were made in various configurations to suit different applications.

Solid-state electronics
Solid-state electronics are semiconductor electronics: electronic equipment that use semiconductor devices such as transistors, diodes and integrated circuits (ICs).  The term is also used as an adjective for devices in which semiconductor electronics that have no moving parts replace devices with moving parts, such as the solid-state relay, in which transistor switches are used in place of a moving-arm electromechanical relay, or the solid-state drive (SSD), a type of semiconductor memory used in computers to replace hard disk drives, which store data on rotating disks.
Vladimir Kurochkin
Vladimir Stepanovich Kurochkin (Владимир Степанович Курочкин; 6 February 1829, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire, - 20 April 1885, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire) was a Russian dramatist, translator, editor and publisher. Among the plays he authored were The Green Island (as Vlad K-n, with Innokenty Omulevsky; staged in 1873, published in 1883), Who Is to Blame? (1873), Two by Two is Five (1875) and A Modiste's Diary (1875). Vladimir Kurochkin compiled and published Nevsky Sbornik (the 1867 literary compilation). He edited Iskra magazine (1864–1867) and the Tatar-language Fayde (Virtue) newspaper (1866–1870). Poets Nikolai and Vasily Kurochkins were his brothers.

Innokenty Omulevsky
Innokenty Vasilyevich Fyodorov (Russian: Иннокентий Васильевич Фёдоров; 26 October 1836 in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Imperial Russia – 26 December 1883 in Saint Petersburg, Imperial Russia) was a Russian writer, poet and translator better known under his pen name Omulevsky (Омулевский) and occasionally referred to as Fyodorov-Omulevsky.
Gölcük, İzmir
Gölcük is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Ödemiş, İzmir Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,305 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). It is a summer resort, situated around a small mountain lake. The name of the town means Little lake.

The altitude of the lake is 1,049 metres (3,442 ft). It is accessible from Salihli and Ödemiş. Highway distances from certain cities are as follows: 18 kilometres (11 mi) from Ödemiş, 38 kilometres (24 mi) from  Salihli, and 120 kilometres (75 mi) from İzmir.

2013 Turkish local government reorganisation
Municipalities (Turkish: belediyeler)  are the basic units of local government in Turkey.  According to the Turkish Statistical Institute the population of Turkey was 76,667,864 as of 31 December 2013. The majority of the population live in settlements with municipalities.  The number of municipalities in Turkey was 2,947 in 2009.  But in 2013, most of the small town (Turkish: belde) municipalities were merged to district (Turkish: ilçe) municipalities by the Act 6360 which came into effect at the 2014 local elections sharply decreased the number of municipalities to 1,394.
Prince Hachiko
Prince Hachiko (蜂子皇子, Hachiko no Ōji, 542–641) was the eldest son of Emperor Sushun, the 32nd Emperor of Japan who reigned from 587 to 592. His mother was Ōtomo no Koteko, Sushun's consort.

After the assassination of his father in 592, Hachiko was forced to flee the Soga clan. He made his way north along the western seacoast of Honshū. He came ashore in Dewa Province, where he invested the rest of his life in religious pursuits.

Prince Hachiko is traditionally venerated at an imperial tomb on the top of Mt. Haguro in Tsuruoka. The Imperial Household Agency designates this location at Dewa Sanzan as Hachiko Shrine (蜂子神社, Hachiko-jinja). The tomb was guarded by Imperial soldiers up until the end of World War II.

Dewa Province
Dewa Province (出羽国, Dewa no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [deꜜ.wa (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan comprising modern-day Yamagata Prefecture and Akita Prefecture, except for the city of Kazuno and the town of Kosaka.  Dewa bordered on Mutsu and Echigō Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Ushū (羽州).
Yeah Yeah U Know It
"Yeah Yeah U Know It" is a song written and performed by American hip hop group Def Squad. It was released on January 28, 2003 through Def Jam Recordings as the lead single from Keith Murray's fourth solo studio album He's Keith Murray. Production was handled by Just Blaze. Additional vocals were provided by Jessica Rivera. The song peaked at number 99 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 50 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs in the United States.

"Yeah Yeah U Know It" has been described by Murray as an "old-school hip-hop song".

Def Squad
Def Squad is an American rap supergroup consisting of Erick Sermon, Redman, Keith Murray, Hurricane G, and Jamal. Before officially forming as a group to release an album in 1998, they had each been featured on tracks by each other. The Def Squad was formed following the disbandment of the Hit Squad, who broke up after the struggles between EPMD members Erick Sermon and Parrish Smith.

They are known for their remake of "Rapper's Delight" by Sugarhill Gang.

The Squad continued to record on each other's solo albums.
Bence Uz
Bence Uz (Hungarian: Uz Bence) is a 1938 Hungarian comedy drama film directed by Jenö Csepreghy and starring Pál Jávor, Bella Bordy and László Szilassy. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director Béla Mátyus.

Hunnia Film Studio
Hunnia Film Studio was the largest and most significant sound film studio in Hungary until its nationalization in 1948. Its predecessor, Corvin Film Studio, founded by Alexander Korda in 1917, was the most important Hungarian silent film company, while its successor, Mafilm, became the largest Hungarian film company, still operating today.
Fyrkantserien
Fyrkantserien was an interim and privately run association football league in Sweden played in 1918 and 1919 when the national league Svenska Serien was not played due to various circumstances. The league featured four teams, two from Stockholm—AIK and Djurgårdens IF—and two from Gothenburg—IFK Göteborg and Örgryte IS.

Swedish Football Association
The Swedish Football Association (Swedish: Svenska Fotbollförbundet, SvFF) is the governing and body of football in Sweden. It organises the football leagues – Allsvenskan for men and Damallsvenskan for women – and the men's and women's national teams. It is based in Solna and is a founding member of both FIFA and UEFA. SvFF is supported by 24 district organisations.
Maryland Route 85
Maryland Route 85 (MD 85) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland.  Known as Buckeystown Pike, the state highway runs 10.80 miles (17.38 km) from MD 28 in Tuscarora north to the Frederick city limit north of Interstate 70 (I-70), where the highway continues north as East Street.  MD 85 connects Tuscarora and Buckeystown in southern Frederick County with the county seat of Frederick.  The state highway also links the suburban area between Buckeystown and Frederick with I-70 and I-270.  MD 85 is the old alignment of U.S. Route 15 (US 15), which was originally constructed between Tuscarora and Frederick in the late 1910s and early 1920s.  MD 85 was assigned to the highway in 1970 when US 15 was moved to a new highway heading north from its Potomac River crossing at Point of Rocks.  The state highway was extended north to the city of Frederick as part of a project to overhaul MD 355's interchange with I-70 in the first decade of the 21st century.

Frederick, Maryland
Frederick is a city in and the county seat of Frederick County, Maryland, United States. Frederick's population was 78,171 people as of the 2020 census, making it the second-largest incorporated city in Maryland behind Baltimore. It is a part of the Washington metropolitan area and the greater Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.

The city is located at an important crossroads at the intersection of a major north–south Native American trail and east–west routes to the Chesapeake Bay, both at Baltimore and what became Washington, D.C., and across the Appalachian Mountains to the Ohio River watershed.

Frederick is home to Frederick Municipal Airport (IATA: FDK), which accommodates general aviation, and Fort Detrick, a U.S. Army bioscience and communications research installation and Frederick County's largest employer.