hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charles Henry Tyler Townsend
Charles Henry Tyler Townsend (December 5, 1863 – March 17, 1944) was an American entomologist specializing in the study of tachinids (Tachinidae), a large and diverse family of flies (Diptera) with larvae that are parasitoids of other insects. He was perhaps the most prolific publisher of new tachinids, naming and describing some 3000 species and genera. He made important contributions to the biological control of insect pests and he was the first to identify the insect vector of a debilitating disease in Peru. Townsend was also a controversial figure and criticism of his approach to insect taxonomy continues to this day.

Carrion's disease
Carrion's disease or bartenellosis is an vector-borne infectious disease caused by bacteria in the Bartonella genus. The disease is transmitted by sandfly bites. The disease occurs in two presentations; the acute phase, also called Oroya fever, can be fatal if untreated. The chronic phase produces warts; this is called Peruvian warts, or verrugua peruana. This wart stage is rarely fatal. Patients may be affected by both or only one of the phases. Carrion's disease is treated with antibiotics.
Killing Stalking
Killing Stalking (Korean: 킬링 스토킹; RR: Killing seutoking) is a South Korean manhwa written and illustrated by Koogi. It was published online in Korean and English by Lezhin Comics and won the ₩100,000,000 Grand Prize Award at the Second Lezhin World Comics Contest.

The series has been licensed in English in print format by Seven Seas Entertainment. A live action television adaptation of the series was announced on February 24, 2022.

South Korean won
The South Korean won, sometimes known as the Republic of Korea won (symbol: ₩; code: KRW; Korean: 대한민국 원), is the official currency of South Korea. The won is technically equal to 100 jeon, but the jeon is no longer used for everyday transactions and appears only in foreign exchange rates. The currency is issued by the Bank of Korea, based in the capital city of Seoul. The South Korean won was first issued in 1949, then was replaced by the South Korean hwan between 1953 and 1962, before the adoption of the current South Korean won in 1962.
Creuse (river)
The Creuse (French pronunciation: [kʁøz] ⓘ; Occitan: Cruesa) is a 263-kilometre (163 mi) long river in western France, a tributary of the Vienne. Its source is in the Plateau de Millevaches, a north-western extension of the Massif Central.

Massif Central
The Massif Central (French pronunciation: [masif sɑ̃tʁal]) is a highland region in south-central France consisting of mountains and plateaus. It covers about 15% of mainland France.

Subject to volcanism that has subsided in the last 10,000 years, these central mountains are separated from the Alps by a deep north–south cleft created by the Rhône river and known in French as the sillon rhodanien (literally "Rhône furrow"). The region was a barrier to transport within France until the opening of the A75 motorway, which not only made north–south travel easier but also opened access to the massif itself.
Haberdasher
In British English, a haberdasher is a business or person who sells small articles for sewing, dressmaking and knitting, such as buttons, ribbons and zips; in the United States, the term refers instead to  a men's clothing store that sells  suits, shirts, neckties, men's dress shoes and other items.

Button
A button (/bʌtən/) is a  fastener that joins two pieces of fabric together by slipping through a loop or by sliding through a buttonhole.

In modern clothing and fashion design, buttons are commonly made of plastic but also may be made of metal, wood, or seashell. Buttons can also be used on containers such as wallets and bags. Buttons may be sewn onto garments and similar items exclusively for purposes of ornamentation. In the applied arts and craft, a button can be an example of folk art, studio craft, or even a miniature work of art. In archaeology, a button can be a significant artifact.
Gnathophis macroporis
Gnathophis macroporis, the largepore conger, is an eel in the family Congridae (conger/garden eels). It was described by Emma Stanislavovna Karmovskaya and John Richard Paxton in 2000. It is a marine, temperate water-dwelling eel from Victoria, Australia, in the eastern Indian Ocean. It is known to dwell at a depth of 164 metres (538 ft)

John Paxton (ichthyologist)
John Richard Paxton (16 January 1938 – 29 October 2023) was a United States-born Australian ichthyologist, who spent most of his career at the Australian Museum. He has a particular research interest in lanternfishes (family Myctophidae) and other deep-sea fishes. Paxton is a founding member of the Australian Society for Fish Biology and received the society's K. Radway Allen Award in 1997.
Michael Galitzen
Michael Riley Galitzen, also known as Mickey Riley (September 6, 1909, Los Angeles, California – June 6, 1959, Hollywood, California) was an American diver who won four total medals, one gold, at the 1928 Summer Olympics and 1932 Summer Olympics.

Galitzen won acclaim both for his individual diving and as a tandem diver with his brother John.  He won two medals in diving at Amsterdam in 1928 as Michael Galitzen.  In 1931 his coach suggested that the brothers use Americanized stage names — "Mickey Riley" and "Johnny Riley". He won gold and silver medals in Los Angeles in 1932 under that name.  After the Olympics, he worked as a film editor, and he and John appeared frequently in diving shows.  He was found dead in his Hollywood apartment in 1959; the death was attributed to natural causes.

Galitzen was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame in 1977.

International Swimming Hall of Fame
The International Swimming Hall of Fame and Museum (ISHOF) is a history museum and hall of fame, located at One Hall of Fame Drive, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States, operated by private interests and serving as the central point for the study of the history of swimming in the United States and world.

ISHOF exhibits include ancient art and both reproductions and original art depicting famous moments in swimming history from ancient times to modern, swimwear, civil rights, memorabilia, and artifacts belonging to persons who have promoted or excelled in aquatics. It is recognized by FINA (Fédération Internationale de Natation) as the official hall for the aquatics sports.
Central ward
Central ward could refer to:

Bournemouth Central (ward)

Central (Cardiff electoral ward)

Central (Hamilton ward)

Central (Havering ward)

Central (Hyndburn ward)

Central (Liverpool ward)

Central (Newham ward)

Central Ward (City of Brisbane)

Central Ward (Ottawa)

Central (Swindon ward)

Central Ward
Central Ward was a former ward in the city of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It originally consisted of the part of the city between Bank Street and the Rideau Canal. It was first known as Centre Ward.

It was created when Wellington Ward was split in half in 1889. The ward was abolished in 1952, when it joined neighbouring Wellington Ward once again.
In Color (Cheap Trick album)
In Color  is the second studio album by the American rock band Cheap Trick, released in 1977 and produced by Tom Werman. Considered a classic of the power pop genre, the album was ranked No. 4 on Shake Some Action: The Ultimate Power Pop Guide. In 2003, the album was also ranked number 443 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time.

The album was Cheap Trick's first to reach the Billboard 200, debuting at number 149, and peaking at number 73, but was far more successful in Japan, where the singles "I Want You to Want Me" and "Clock Strikes Ten" were very popular. The former became a top 10 US hit as a live version from the Cheap Trick at Budokan album, recording on the band's first Japanese tour, and remains Cheap Trick's signature song.

Big in Japan (phrase)
Big in Japan is an expression that can describe Western (especially North American or European) musical groups who achieve success in Japan at higher levels than they do in other parts of the world (including their home nations). The phrase began to appear in several major Japanese foreign-rock magazines, especially Music Life magazine, in the late 1970s, though the phenomenon was noted prior to this.  As a reference to this original usage, a modern, ironic use of the expression is to mean successful in a limited, potentially comical, oddly specific or possibly unverifiable way. Japan had been the world's second largest economy for decades, and still remains the second largest music market after the United States.
Rhys Parry Jones
Rhys Parry Jones is a Welsh actor best known for his role as Llew Matthews in Pobol y Cwm, in the S4C children's series Plismon Puw and as Rhacsyn from the children's series Rhacsyn a’r Goeden Hud. Jones has also featured in episodes of EastEnders, Tracy Beaker and the BBC Wales sitcom High Hopes as well as providing the voices of Patrick Star and Mr. Krabs in S4C's Welsh dubbing of SpongeBob SquarePants.

In late 2007, he appeared in Flick, a Welsh horror film co-starring Faye Dunaway, Hugh O'Conor and Michelle Ryan.

Based in Cardiff, Jones appears in the films Arwyr and Patagonia by Marc Evans, the latter set in Y Wladfa, which premiered at the Seattle International Film Festival on 10 June 2010.

In 2018, he portrayed John Le Mesurier in Amazon's A Very English Scandal. In 2019, he appeared in the Netflix series The Crown, in the season 3 episode "Aberfan".

The Crown season 3
The third season of The Crown  follows the life and reign of Queen Elizabeth II. It consists of ten episodes and was released by Netflix on 17 November 2019.

Olivia Colman stars as Elizabeth, along with main cast members Tobias Menzies, Helena Bonham Carter, Ben Daniels, Jason Watkins, Marion Bailey, Erin Doherty, Jane Lapotaire, Charles Dance, Josh O'Connor, Geraldine Chaplin, Michael Maloney, Emerald Fennell, and Andrew Buchan. John Lithgow and Pip Torrens return in cameo appearances.
Berrabi Bakhti
Berrabi Bakhti is a village in the commune of Taghit, in Taghit District, Béchar Province, Algeria. The village is located on the eastern side of the Oued Zouzfana 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of Taghit, on the western edge of the Grand Erg Occidental.

Grand Erg Occidental
The Grand Erg Occidental, (also known as the Western Sand Sea), Arabic العرق الغربي الßبير (al-ʿIrq al-Ḡarbī al-Kabīr), is an erg in the northern center of the Algerian Sahara. It is the third largest erg in Algeria after the Erg Chech and the Grand Erg Oriental.
Stephanie Grace Whitson
Stephanie Grace Whitson (born 1952) is an American writer of historical fiction.  A native of southern Illinois, she has lived in Nebraska, United States, since 1975.  She began what she calls "playing with imaginary friends" (writing fiction) when, as a result of teaching her four homeschooled children Nebraska history, she was encouraged and challenged by the lives of pioneer women in the West.

Since her first book, Walks the Fire, was published in 1995, Stephanie's fiction titles have appeared on the ECPA bestseller list numerous times and been finalists for the Christy Award, the Inspirational Reader's Choice Award, and ForeWord's Book of the Year. Her first non-fiction work, How to Help a Grieving Friend, was released in 2005.

Her interests include pioneer women's history, antique quilts, and French, Italian, and Hawaiian language and culture.

American pioneer
American pioneers were predominantly European American settlers who had marched on westward from the British Thirteen Colonies and later the United States of America, to settle and develop areas of the nation within the continent of North America.

The pioneer concept and ethos greatly predate the settlement of the Western United States, with which they are commonly associated, and many places now considered "East" were settled by pioneers from even further east. For example, Daniel Boone, a key figure in U.S. history, settled in Kentucky, when that "Dark and Bloody Ground" was still undeveloped.

One important development in the Western settlement were the Homestead Acts, which provided formal legislation for settlers which regulated the settlement process with little to no concern for the existing inhabitants of the land. Pioneers also settled on land that was once inhabited by American Indian tribes.
Jim Graham (footballer)
James Graham (17 April 1892 – 28 November 1957) was an Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Graham spent just one season at South Melbourne, after coming to the club from Williamstown Juniors. He was, however, a member of a South Melbourne premiership team, playing as a back pocket defender in the 1918 VFL Grand Final.

He later played for Port Melbourne in the Victorian Football Association.

1918 VFL grand final
The 1918 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the South Melbourne Football Club and Collingwood Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 7 September 1918. It was the 21st annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1918 VFL season. The match, attended by 39,262 spectators, was won by South Melbourne by a margin of 5 points, marking that club's second premiership victory.
2014 W-League (Australia)
The 2014 W-League season was the seventh season of the W-League, the Australian national women's association football competition.  The regular season started on 13 September 2014 and concluded on 7 December 2014. The Grand Final took place on 21 December 2014.

Due to Australia hosting the 2015 AFC Asian Cup, the season was scheduled to take place entirely in the 2014 calendar year instead of continuing in to 2015.

Canberra United FC
Canberra United Football Club is an Australian professional soccer club based in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. Founded in 2008 by Capital Football, the club was an inaugural member of the W-League and the only club not affiliated with an A-League Men team. Canberra United currently competes in the A-League Women. Canberra's home stadium is McKellar Park and the club is a two-time champion and three-time premier of the W-League.
Davis–Beard House
Davis–Beard House, also known as Glee Hall and Davis House, is a historic home located at Bristow, Prince William County, Virginia. It was built after the American Civil War, and is a two-story, five-bay, frame dwelling with later additions. The rambling dwelling has a number of Late Victorian style decorative elements.  It features a one-story wraparound porch, decorated gables, bay windows, and storefront.  Also on the property are a contributing brick hip-roofed carriage house and a small lattice-covered frame privy.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Prince William County, Virginia
Prince William County lies beside the Potomac River in the Commonwealth of Virginia. At the 2020 census, the population was 482,204, making it Virginia's second most populous county. The county seat is the independent city of Manassas. A part of Northern Virginia, Prince William County is part of the Washington metropolitan area. In 2020, it had the 24th highest income of any county in the United States. The county is named after Prince William, Duke of Cumberland, the youngest son of King George II.
Lilydale Heights College
Lilydale Heights College is a government secondary school located in the suburb of Lilydale, east of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It covers both junior secondary and higher secondary (VCE) curricula, and draws students from primary schools from the urban areas of Lilydale and the rural Yarra Valley.

Victorian Certificate of Education
The Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) is the credential available to secondary school students who successfully complete year 10, 11 and 12 in the Australian state of Victoria as well as in some international schools in China, Malaysia, Philippines, Timor-Leste, and Vietnam.

Study for the VCE is usually completed over three years, but can be spread over a longer period in some cases.

The VCE was established as a pilot project in 1987. The earlier Higher School Certificate (HSC) was abolished in Victoria, Australia in 1992.

Delivery of the VCE Vocational Major, an "applied learning" program within the VCE, began in 2023.
DR2
DR2 (DR To) is the second television channel of the Danish Broadcasting Corporation (DR). It covers a wide range of subject matter but tends towards more "highbrow" programmes than the more mainstream and popular DR1. Like DR's other TV and radio channels, it is funded by a media licence and is therefore commercial-free.

Television licence
A television licence or broadcast receiving licence is a payment required in many countries for the reception of television broadcasts or the possession of a television set. In some countries, a licence is also required to own a radio or receive radio broadcasts. In such countries, some broadcasts are funded in full or in part by the licence fees. Licence fees are effectively a hypothecated tax to fund public broadcasting.
Wengyuan County
Wengyuan (postal: Yungyun; Chinese: 翁源; pinyin: Wēngyuán) is a county in the north of Guangdong Province, China, bordering Jiangxi to the northeast. It is under the administration of Shaoguan City. It has a population of 421,756 in 2019, 99.55% of whom speak Hakka. Yao languages are spoken in some parts of the county. 0.616% of the population belongs to minority ethnic groups, most of them Yao.

The name means 'source of the Weng River', which is a tributary of the Bei River.

Wengyuan is noted for its plum blossoms and orchid floriculture, which account for 70% of China's orchid production.

Mienic languages
The Mienic or Yao languages are spoken by the Yao people of China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand.

Some of the Yao peoples speak Hmongic languages (Miao); these are called Bunu. A small population of Yao people in Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County (金秀瑶族自治县) in eastern Guangxi speak a Tai-Kadai language called Lakkia. Other Yao peoples speak various Sinitic (Chinese) language varieties.
Giuseppe Mussi
Giuseppe Mussi (2 January 1836 – 18 August 1904) was an Italian politician. He was twice mayor of Corbetta, Lombardy as well as mayor of Milan from 18 December 1899 to 16 December 1903. Mussi was made a senator of the Kingdom of Italy on 21 November 1901. He was a recipient of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus.

Corbetta, Lombardy
Corbetta (Lombard: Corbetta [kurˈbɛta], locally [kurˈbeta]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy.

Corbetta is also home of the Sanctuary of the Madonna of Miracles where according to history, a miracle occurred in 1555, when Jesus emerged from a painting of the Infant and healed a local deaf child. The church became a destination for pilgrimages.
Babban Gona
Babban Gona, which means "Great Farm" in the Hausa language, is a social enterprise organization that provides support for smallholder farmers in Nigeria to become more profitable.

Babban Gona is partly owned by the farmers it serves.

Hausa language
Hausa (/ˈhaʊsə/; in Hausa: Harshen/Halshen Hausa listenⓘ /hawˈsa/; Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا‎) is a Chadic language spoken primarily by the Hausa people in Niger (where it is the sole official language, having replaced French in 2025) and in the northern parts of Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon, Benin and Togo and the southern parts of Chad. It is also spoken by a significant minority in Ivory Coast and a small number of speakers in Sudan.

Hausa is a member of the Afroasiatic language family and is the most widely spoken language within the Chadic branch of that family. Hausa is tonal, using relative pitch both to distinguish words, and mark grammatical categories. Ethnologue estimated that it was spoken as a first language by some 58 million people and as a second language by another 36 million, bringing the total number of Hausa speakers to an estimated 94 million.

In Nigeria, the Hausa film industry is known as Kannywood.
Delfina Guzmán Díaz
Delfina Elizabeth Guzmán Díaz (born 13 November 1960) is a Mexican politician affiliated with National Regeneration Movement (Morena) who previously belonged to the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). She was born in the city of Jamiltepec, Oaxaca.

In the 2012 general election, running on the PRD ticket, she was elected to the Chamber of Deputies to represent the 11th district of Oaxaca during the 62nd session of Congress (2012–2015).

In 2018, she won election as a local deputy to the Congress of Oaxaca, one of 24 Morena candidates (out of 25 districts) to win election.

2012 Mexican general election
General elections were held in Mexico on Sunday, 1 July 2012. Voters went to the polls to elect a new President of the Republic to serve a six-year term, replacing Felipe Calderón, 500 members of the Chamber of Deputies and 128 members of the Mexican Senate.

Several local ballots were held on the same day, including the election of a new Head of Government and new Legislative Assembly of the Federal District, gubernatorial elections in six states (Chiapas, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Morelos, Tabasco and Yucatán) and municipal and local congressional elections several states.
Down Among the Sheltering Palms
"Down Among the Sheltering Palms" is a popular song.

The music was written by Abe Olman, the lyrics by James Brockman and Leo Wood. The song was published in 1914 by Olman who heavily marketed it in the Chicago region.  Music publisher Leo Feist acquired it from Olman and gave it to Al Jolson to perform on stage.

The song was a hit for the Lyric Quartet (comprising Harry Macdonough, Olive Kline, Reinald Werrenrath and Elsie Baker) in 1915 and has since become a pop standard recorded by many artists.

Elsie Baker
Elsie Baker (July 13, 1893 – August 16, 1971) was an American actress. Her career spanned the gamut from vaudeville through silent movies to  radio to Hollywood and television. She has sometimes been confused with the American contralto Elsie West Baker (1886–1958) who was also known as Elsie Baker.
Macroflora
Macroflora is a term used for all the plants occurring in a particular area that are large enough to be seen with the naked eye. It is usually synonymous with the Flora and can be contrasted with the microflora, a term used for all the bacteria and other microorganisms in an ecosystem.

Macroflora is also an informal term used by many palaeobotanists to refer to an assemblage of plant fossils as preserved in the rock.  This is in contrast to the flora, which in this context refers to the assemblage of living plants that were growing in a particular area, whose fragmentary remains became entrapped within the sediment from which the rock was formed and thus became the macroflora.

Synonym
A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that has a similar or identical meaning to another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in English, words like begin, start, commence, and initiate are synonyms: they are synonymous. The standard test for synonymy is substitution: one form can be used interchangeably without changing the meaning of the sentence.

Words may be synonymous in only one particular sense: for example, long and extended in the context of long time or extended time are synonymous, but long cannot be used in the phrase extended family.

Synonyms with identical meanings share a seme or denotational sememe, whereas those with inexactly similar meanings share a broader denotational or connotational sememe and overlap within a semantic field. The former are sometimes known as cognitive synonyms, and the latter are referred to as near-synonyms, plesionyms, or poecilonyms.