hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Estreicher
The Estreichers were a family of notable humanists and scientists from Kraków, Poland, which included:

Dominik Oesterreicher (1750–1809), painter and scholar of fine arts

Alojzy Estreicher (1786–1852), botanist and entomologist, Dominik's son

Karol Estreicher (senior) (1827–1908), historian of art and theater, literary critic and bibliographer, Alojzy's son

Stanisław Estreicher (1869–1939),  historian of law and bibliographer, Karol Senior's son

Tadeusz Estreicher (1871–1952), chemist and historian, Karol Senior's son

Karol Estreicher (junior) (1906–1984), historian of law, writer and bibliographer, Stanisław's son

Stefan Karol Estreicher (1952–), theoretical physicist, Tadeusz's grandson

Other people with the same surname include:

Samuel Estreicher (b. 1948), American jurist

Stanisław Estreicher
Stanisław Ambroży Estreicher  (26 November 1869 – 28 December 1939) was a Polish historian of Law and bibliographer; professor of the Jagiellonian University in 1906. Following the 1939 invasion of Poland, he was briefly offered to form a puppet quasi-government by Nazi Germany. He paid with his life for his refusal to do it.
Illinois Route 124
Illinois Route 124 (IL 124) is a 5.71-mile-long (9.19 km) state route in central Illinois. It has the distinction of being marked as an east–west route, but IL 124 runs entirely north–south for the majority of its route. IL 124 runs from IL 123 between Athens and Williamsville to the Business Loop for Interstate 55 (I-55) around Springfield at Sherman.

Sherman, Illinois
Sherman is a village in Sangamon County, Illinois, United States. The population was 4,673 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Springfield metropolitan statistical area. In 2023 the village was hit by a high end EF-2 tornado in the March 31st outbreak.
David Hancock (civil servant)
Sir David John Stowell Hancock, KCB (27 March 1934 – 24 September 2013) was an English civil servant. Educated at Balliol College, Oxford, he entered the civil service in 1957 as an official in the Board of Trade; he moved to HM Treasury in 1959 and spent 1965–66 as a Harkness Fellow at the Brookings Institution and Harvard University. He was private secretary to the Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1968 to 1970, then financial and economic counsellor to the permanent representative to the European Communities until 1974. He was at the Treasury until 1982, when he was made head of the European Secretariat at the Cabinet Office. From 1983 to 1989, he was Permanent Secretary of the Department of Education and Science, overseeing the introduction of GCSEs and the drafting and implementation of the Education Reform Act 1988.

Permanent secretary
A permanent secretary is the most senior civil servant of a department or ministry charged with running the department or ministry's day-to-day activities. Permanent secretaries are the non-political civil service chief executives of government departments or ministries, who generally hold their position for a number of years (thus "permanent") at a ministry as distinct from the changing political secretaries of state to whom they report and provide advice. The role originated in the civil service of the United Kingdom and has been adopted in several Commonwealth countries as well as other countries influenced by the Westminster system.
Gülseren Budayıcıoğlu
Gülseren Budayıcıoğlu (née Kavas; born 1947) is a Turkish psychiatrist, writer and TV presenter.

Although she has written about many different subjects, in recent years she has become known for her novels which have been adapted to various TV series, including İstanbullu Gelin (2017–19), Doğduğun Ev Kaderindir (2019–21), Kırmızı Oda (2020–22), Masumlar Apartmanı (2020–22), Camdaki Kız (2021–2023), Terzi, Kral Kaybederse and Kardeş. and Yalı Çapkını (2022-2025).

Kanal D
Kanal D (English: Channel D) is a nationwide television channel in Turkey that is part of Demirören Group. It was founded by Ayhan Şahenk and Aydın Doğan in 1993.

The network has also run an international channel, Euro D, since 1996, which is available online, and had the first high definition channel in Turkey, Kanal D HD.

The text 'KANAL D' is not displayed in its Turkish broadcast. Only the blue earth section of the logo is displayed throughout commercial sections. Kanal D is broadcast via satellite to 27 countries.
Angelo Guatta
Angelo Guatta (August 5, 1907 – October 9, 1993, New Jersey) was an Italian racing driver. Besides racing the 1932 24 Hours of Le Mans and the Circuito del Sud in 1930, Guatta entered the Mille Miglia seven times between 1928 and 1938. In all his races he used an Alfa Romeo 6C or 8C.

Alfa Romeo 8C
The Alfa Romeo 8C is a range of Alfa Romeo road, race and sports cars of the 1930s.

The 8C designates 8 cylinders, and originally a straight 8-cylinder engine. The Vittorio Jano designed 8C was Alfa Romeo's primary racing engine from its introduction in 1931 to its retirement in 1939. In addition to the two-seater sports cars it was used in the world's first genuine single-seat Grand Prix racing car, the Monoposto 'Tipo B' - P3 from 1932 onwards. In its later development it powered such vehicles as the twin-engined 1935 6.3-litre Bimotore, the 1935 3.8-litre Monoposto 8C 35 Type C, and the Alfa Romeo 8C 2900B Mille Miglia Roadster. It also powered top-of-the-range coach-built production models, including a Touring Spider and Touring Berlinetta.

In 2004 Alfa Romeo revived the 8C name for a V8-engined concept car. This eventually made it into production in 2007, as the 8C Competizione.
Udta Punjab (soundtrack)
Udta Punjab is the soundtrack album to the 2016 film of the same name directed by Abhishek Chaubey and produced by Balaji Motion Pictures and Phantom Films starring Shahid Kapoor, Kareena Kapoor Khan, Alia Bhatt and Diljit Dosanjh. The film soundtrack is composed by Amit Trivedi and lyrics written by the late Shiv Kumar Batalvi, Shellee and Varun Grover. The film score was composed by Benedict Taylor and Naren Chandavarkar. The soundtrack was released under the Zee Music Company on 18 May 2016.

Balaji Motion Pictures
Balaji Motion Pictures is an Indian film production and distribution company, subsidiary company of Balaji Telefilms Limited, established by Shobha Kapoor and her daughter Ekta Kapoor. Located in Mumbai, it produces and distributes Hindi films. The chairman of the company is former Bollywood actor, Jeetendra Kapoor. In 2017, the company released its biography, Kingdom of the Soap Queen: The Story of Balaji Telefilms.
Mutually orthogonal Latin squares
In combinatorics, two Latin squares of the same size (order) are said to be orthogonal if when superimposed the ordered paired entries in the positions are all distinct. A set of Latin squares, all of the same order, all pairs of which are orthogonal is called a set of mutually orthogonal Latin squares. This concept of orthogonality in combinatorics is strongly related to the concept of blocking in statistics, which ensures that independent variables are truly independent with no hidden confounding correlations. "Orthogonal" is thus synonymous with "independent" in that knowing one variable's value gives no further information about another variable's likely value.

An older term for a pair of orthogonal Latin squares is Graeco-Latin square, introduced by Euler.

D. Raghavarao
Damaraju Raghavarao (1938–2013) was an Indian-born statistician, formerly the Laura H. Carnell professor of statistics and chair of the department of statistics at Temple University in Philadelphia.

Raghavarao is an elected fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, American Statistical Association, and an elected member of The International Statistical Institute. He has been specialized in combinatorics and applications of experimental designs.

Raghavarao received his M.A. in mathematics from Nagpur University, India in 1957 and earned the gold medal. He earned his  Ph.D. in statistics from the University of Mumbai in 1961 for his work in designs of experiments; his Ph.D. advisor was M. C. Chakrabarti. Raghavarao was a professor of statistics at Punjab Agricultural University, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Cornell University, and University of Guelph before joining Temple University.

He died on February 6, 2013.
Haile Giyorgis Woldemikael
Bitwoded Haile Giyorgis Wolde Mikael was a senior Ethiopia government official who, holding the office of Negadras or chief of merchants, by 1906 supervised foreign businesses and diplomatic missions in the capital, Addis Ababa, as well as the responsibility of granting concessions and contracts to foreign enterprises, making the post the de facto Mayor of Addis Ababa, as well as its Chief of police, the Minister of Commerce and Minister of Foreign Affairs. These functions were separated by the formation of the first cabinet in 1907, with Haile Giyorgis appointed to those posts de jure. He was minister of finance from 1915 to 1917.

With Haile Giyorgis' removal from office by then-Regent Ras Tafari Makonnen in 1917, the post of Negadras of Addis Ababa lost most of its powers to the office of Kantiba, the head of the municipal government, which had been created in 1910, with other towns later following suit.

Chief of police
A chief of police (COP) is an appointed official or an elected one in the chain of command of a police department, particularly in North America. A chief of police may also be known as a police chief or sometimes just a chief, while some countries favour other titles such as commissioner or chief constable. A police chief is appointed by and answerable to a state or local government.
Princ zelenih sanj
Princ zelenih sanj (Prince of Green Dreams) is a Slovenian parallel romance fantasy novel by Marjetke Jeršek. It was released in 2007 by Stella. The main characters, Alesta and Ned, are lovers, who have many adventures through their exploration of parallel realities. The book features numerous fantasy elements such as elves, magical fairies and magic stones.

Parallel universes in fiction
A parallel universe, also known as an alternate universe, world, or dimension, is a plot device in fiction which uses the notion of a hypothetical universe co-existing with another, typically to enable alternative narrative possibilities. The sum of all potential parallel universes that constitute reality is often called the "multiverse".

The device serves several narrative purposes. Among them, parallel universes have been used to allow stories with elements that would ordinarily violate the laws of nature, to enable characters to meet and interact with alternative versions of themselves or others from their home universe, thus enabling further character development, and to serve as a starting point for speculative fiction, particularly alternate history.
Stadion u Murinu
Stadion u Murinu, or Stadion Lugovi, is a football stadium in Murino, Plav Municipality, Montenegro. Situated in the valley of Lim river, it is used for football matches. It is the home ground of FK Polimlje.

Lim (river)
The Lim (Serbian Cyrillic: Лим, pronounced [lîm]) or Vermosh River (Albanian: Lumi i Vermoshit) is a river that flows through Albania, Montenegro, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina and is 219 km (136 mi) long. It is also the right and the longest tributary of the Drina.
Norwich 12
52°37′44.4936″N 1°17′32.59″E﻿ / ﻿52.629026000°N 1.2923861°E﻿ / 52.629026000; 1.2923861

Norwich 12 was an initiative by the Norwich Heritage Economic and Regeneration Trust (HERT) to develop 12 of Norwich's most iconic buildings into an integrated family of heritage attractions to act as an international showcase of English urban and cultural development over the last 1,000 years.

Norwich HERT initially secured £1 million from HM Treasury's 'Invest to Save' budget to run the program.

The 12 buildings are a collection of architectural styles that span across the Norman, medieval, Georgian, Victorian, and modern eras.

The program was launched in the summer of 2008.

Cloister
A cloister (from Latin  claustrum 'enclosure') is a covered walk, open gallery, or open arcade running along the walls of buildings and forming a quadrangle or garth. The attachment of a cloister to a cathedral or church, commonly against a warm southern flank, usually indicates that it is (or once was) part of a monastic foundation, "forming a continuous and solid architectural barrier... that effectively separates the world of the monks from that of the serfs and workmen, whose lives and works went forward outside and around the cloister."

Cloistered (or claustral) life is also another name for the monastic life of a monk or nun. The English term enclosure is used in contemporary Catholic church law translations to mean cloistered, and  some form of the Latin parent word "claustrum" is frequently used as a metonymic name for monastery in languages such as German. Cloistered clergy refers to monastic orders that strictly separate themselves from the affairs of the external world.
Aloo gobhi
Aloo gobhi, aloo gobi or alu gobhi (pronounced [äːluː goːbʱiː]) is a vegetarian dish from the Indian subcontinent made with potatoes (aloo), cauliflower (gobhi), and Indian spices. It is popular in Indian cuisine. It is yellowish in color due to the use of turmeric, and occasionally contains black cumin and curry leaves. Other common ingredients include garlic, ginger, onion, coriander stalks, tomato, peas, black pepper, asafoetida and cumin. There are a number of variations and similar dishes.

A traditional dish with origins in Northern India, it is very popular throughout the country and is also well known in the cuisines of Nepal, Bengal and Pakistan.

Cumin
Cumin (/ˈkʌmɪn/ ⓘ, /ˈkjuːmɪn/ ⓘ; US also /ˈkuːmɪn/ ⓘ; Cuminum cyminum) is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae, native to the Irano-Turanian Region. Its seeds – each one contained within a fruit, which is dried – are used in the cuisines of many cultures in both whole and ground form. Although cumin is used in traditional medicine, there is no high-quality evidence that it is safe or effective as a therapeutic agent.
Double Dragon Neon
Double Dragon Neon is a 2012 beat 'em up video game in the Double Dragon series. It was developed by WayForward Technologies under license from Million, which owned the rights to the franchise at the time. Series creator Yoshihisa Kishimoto was consulted during the game's development, and described Neon as "a very western adaptation" with certain mechanics taken from the previous games, and a "mood and feel" that reminded him of the original arcade game. The game has been described as a parody.

It was published by Majesco Entertainment internationally and by Arc System Works in Japan. The game was the first original Double Dragon title since the closure of Technōs Japan in 1996, and the only original title during the Million era. Arc Systems bought out the rights to the whole franchise from Million in 2015 for their own revival.

Arc System Works
Arc System Works Co., Ltd. (アークシステムワークス株式会社, Āku Shisutemu Wākusu kabushiki gaisha), commonly referred to as ArcSys, is a Japanese video game developer and publisher located in Yokohama. Founded by Minoru Kidooka in 1988, the company is known for arcade 2D fighting game franchises, including Guilty Gear and BlazBlue. They have also developed other fighting games using external licenses, including Dragon Ball FighterZ, Persona 4 Arena and Arena Ultimax, Granblue Fantasy Versus and Versus Rising, Marvel Tōkon: Fighting Souls, and others.
Maruyama Dam
The Maruyama Dam (丸山ダム, Maruyama Damu) is a dam on the border of Mitake and Yaotsu in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. It was built on the upper reaches of the Kiso River system. It is a gravity dam that is 98.2 m (322 ft) tall. It is the site of a power plant.

It was built after World War II as part of a large, nationwide dam building project.

Gravity dam
A gravity dam is a dam constructed from concrete or stone masonry and designed to hold back water by using only the weight of the material and its resistance against the foundation. Gravity dams are designed so that each section of the dam is stable and independent of any other dam section. (In contrast, sections of an arch dam are not independently stable, and instead rely on transmitting force through neighboring sections to the abutments, often anchored into canyon walls.)
Minecart
A minecart, mine cart, or mine car (or more rarely mine trolley or mine hutch), is a type of rolling stock found on a mine railway, used for transporting ore and materials procured in the process of traditional mining. Minecarts are seldom used in modern operations, having largely been superseded in underground operations (especially coal mines) by more efficient belt conveyor systems that allow machines such as longwall shearers and continuous miners to operate at their full capacity, and above ground by large dumpers.

Conveyor belt
A conveyor belt is the carrying medium of a belt conveyor system (often shortened to a belt conveyor). A belt conveyor system consists of two or more pulleys (sometimes referred to as drums), with a closed loop of carrying medium—the conveyor belt—that rotates about them. One or both of the pulleys are powered, moving the belt and the material on the belt forward. The powered pulley is called the drive pulley, while the unpowered pulley is called the idler pulley. There are two main industrial classes of belt conveyors; Those in general material handling such as those moving boxes along inside a factory and bulk material handling such as those used to transport large volumes of resources and agricultural materials, such as grain, salt, coal, ore, sand, overburden and more.
Lambert Saravane
Lambert Saravane (1907-1979) was a deputy in the National Assembly of France between 2 June 1946 and 4 July 1951.

He was born on 17 September 1907 at Rettiarpaleom in Ozhukarai, in the territory of Puducherry, then part of French India; and died on 18 February 1979 at Paris, in France. Saravane was elected under the banner of the Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance (UDSR) group of René Pléven and François Mitterrand. Elected in 1946 with the support of the National Democratic Front, he joined Édouard Goubert in July 1947 to found the anti-merger French India Socialist Party, then shifted towards anticolonialism a year later, even before the October 1948 municipal elections and in 1951 he was beaten by Goubert with 149 to 90,053 votes at the legislative election. In the following years, heading a new, moderate, Parti républicain, he became openly a pro-merger activist. He left the political scene after the merger and taught at the French Pondicherry College.

French India
French India, formally the Établissements français dans l'Inde (English: French Settlements in India), was a French colony comprising five geographically separated enclaves on the Indian subcontinent that had initially been factories of the French East India Company. They were de facto incorporated into the Republic of India in 1950 and 1954. The enclaves were Pondichéry, Karikal, Yanaon on the Coromandel Coast, Mahé on the Malabar Coast and Chandernagor in Bengal. The French also possessed several loges ('lodges', tiny subsidiary trading stations) inside other towns, but after 1816, the British denied all French claims to these, which were not reoccupied.

By 1950, the total area measured 510 km2 (200 sq mi), of which 293 km2 (113 sq mi) belonged to the territory of Pondichéry. In 1936, the population of the colony totalled 298,851 inhabitants, of which 63% (187,870) lived in the territory of Pondichéry.
Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane
Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane, also known as D3 and D3, is the organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH3)2SiO]3. It is a colorless or white volatile solid. It finds limited use in organic chemistry. The larger tetrameric and pentameric siloxanes, respectively octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, are of significant industrial interest, whereas 1,000–10,000 tonnes per year of the trimer is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.

Organosilicon chemistry
Organosilicon chemistry is the study of organometallic compounds containing carbon–silicon bonds, to which they are called organosilicon compounds. Most organosilicon compounds are similar to the ordinary organic compounds, being colourless, flammable, hydrophobic, and stable to air. Silicon carbide is an inorganic compound.
The Country Network
The Country Network is an American cable, streaming and  broadcast television network that specializes in broadcasting country music videos and exclusive original music-based content; its playlist of videos extends from the 1990s through the present day. The network also airs occasional infomercials and traditional advertising.

The network is headquartered in Haltom City, Texas, with offices in Nashville, Tennessee, and New York.

Playlist
A playlist is a list of video or audio files that can be played back on a media player, either sequentially or in a shuffled order. In its most general form, an audio playlist is simply a list of songs that can be played once or in a loop. The term has several specialized meanings in the realms of television broadcasting, radio broadcasting and personal computers.

A video playlist can also be a list of recorded titles on a digital video disk (DVD). On the internet, a playlist can be a list of chapters in a movie serial; for example, Flash Gordon in the Planet Mongo is available on YouTube as a playlist of thirteen consecutive video chapters.
1985–86 Wills Cup
The 1985–86 Wills Cup was the fifth edition of the Wills Cup, which was the premiere domestic limited overs cricket competition in Pakistan and afforded List A status. Eleven teams participated in the competition which was held from 8 to 27 September 1985.

Limited overs cricket
Limited overs cricket, also known as white ball cricket, is a version of the sport of cricket in which a match is generally completed within one day. There are a number of formats, including List A cricket (8-hour games), Twenty20 cricket (3-hour games), , 100-ball cricket (2.5 hours) and T10 cricket (1.5 hour games). The name reflects the rule that in the match each team bowls a set maximum number of overs (sets of 6 legal balls), usually between 20 and 50, although shorter and longer forms of limited overs cricket have been played.

The concept contrasts with Test and first-class matches, which can take up to five days to complete. One-day cricket is popular with spectators as it can encourage aggressive, risky, entertaining batting, often results in cliffhanger endings, and ensures that a spectator can watch an entire match without committing to five days of continuous attendance.
Kita Airport
Kita Airport (ICAO: GAKT) (French: Aéroport de Kita) is an airport serving Kita, a town and commune in the Kayes Cercle in the Kayes Region of Mali.

The airport is at an elevation of 1,122 feet (342 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway that is 800 metres (2,625 ft) long.

Kayes Region
Kayes Region (Bambara: ߞߊߦߌ ߘߌߣߋߖߊ tr. Kayi Dineja, Arabic: منطقة كايس, romanized: minṭaqa Kāyas) is one of ten first level national subdivisions in Mali called Regions. It is the first administrative area of Mali and covers an area of 120,760 square kilometres or 46,630 square miles. Its capital is the town of Kayes. The province was historically part of the Ghana Empire and the Mali Empire.