hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Chignell
Thomas Alexander Chignell (31 October 1880 — 25 August 1965) was an English first-class cricketer and dentist.

Chignell was born at Havant in October 1880. A club cricketer for Havant Cricket Club, who he also assisted for many years, Chignell made his debut in first-class cricket for Hampshire against Kent at Tonbridge in the 1901 County Championship. He played first-class cricket occasionally for Hampshire until 1904, making eighteen appearances. Described by Wisden as a "slow bowler" who "played some useful innings", he scored 181 runs in his eighteen matches, at an average of 10.05 and with a highest score of 29 not out. With the ball, he took 33 wickets at a bowling average of 33.57; he took one five wicket haul, with figures of 5 for 68 against Derbyshire in 1903. Outside of cricket, Chignell was a dentist. He ran a dental practice in Emsworth. Chignell died at the Royal Portsmouth Hospital in August 1965.

Spin bowling
Spin bowling is a bowling technique in cricket, in which the ball is delivered relatively slowly but with rapid rotation, giving it the potential to deviate sharply after bouncing. A bowler who uses this technique is called a spinner, a spin bowler, or a slow bowler.

It is one of the two main approaches to bowling, the other being fast bowling.

A spinner may bowl with their right-arm or left-arm, and with a finger spin or wrist spin action. Therefore, there are four types of spin bowling: off spin, leg spin, left-arm orthodox spin and left-arm unorthodox spin.

The bowlers with the highest, second-highest and fourth-highest number of wickets in the history of Test cricket, Muttiah Muralitharan, Shane Warne and Anil Kumble, respectively, were spinners.
Tanga people
Tanga people is a tribe of Papua New Guinea that lives in the Tanga Islands and Feni Islands of Tanir Rural LLG and three villages (Sena, Muliama and Warangansau) in the Matalai Rural LLG of Namatanai District of New Ireland Province. They speak the Tangga language which has since been split into three separate languages which are now spoken by the Tangans. These languages are: Niwer Mil, Warwar Feni and Fanamaket. Their population according to the 2011 Papua New Guinea Census Report is 12,466 people. Tubuan, Sokapana and Ingiet are the secret societies practised by the Tanga people. F.L.S. Bell has a collection on Tanga Islands in the University of Sydney Library in Australia.

Namatanai District
Namatanai District is the southernmost and larger of the two districts of New Ireland Province in Papua New Guinea. The district covers the southern part of the island of New Ireland, as well as the Tabar Group, the Lihir Group, the Tanga Islands and the Feni Islands.

It is the 12th most populated District in Papua New Guinea and is recommended to be split into two districts by 2022. Sentral Niu Ailan Rural LLG will become an Electorate of its own.

Former Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea Sir Julius Chan represented the Namatanai Open Seat from 1968 to 1997. He was succeeded by his son, Byron Chan who was Member of Parliament until 2017. He was succeeded by the current Member of Parliament, Hon. Walter Schnaubelt.

The district headquarters is Namatanai and the district has six LLG areas, Namatanai Rural LLG, Sentral Niu Ailan Rural LLG, Konoagil Rural LLG, Nimamar Rural LLG, Matalai Rural LLG and Tanir Rural LLG.
Case study (psychology)
Case study in psychology refers to the use of a descriptive research approach to obtain an in-depth analysis of a person, group, or phenomenon. A variety of techniques may be employed including personal interviews, direct-observation, psychometric tests, and archival records. In psychology case studies are most often used in clinical research to describe rare events and conditions, which contradict well established principles in the field of psychology. Case studies are generally a single-case design, but can also be a multiple-case design, where replication instead of sampling is the criterion for inclusion. Like other research methodologies within psychology, the case study must produce valid and reliable results in order to be useful for the development of future research. Distinct advantages and disadvantages are associated with the case study in psychology. The case study is sometimes mistaken for the case method, but the two are not the same.

Reproducibility
Reproducibility, closely related to replicability and repeatability, is a major principle underpinning the scientific method. For the findings of a study to be reproducible means that results obtained by an experiment or an observational study or in a statistical analysis of a data set should be achieved again with a high degree of reliability when the study is replicated. There are different kinds of replication but typically replication studies involve different researchers using the same methodology. Only after one or several such successful replications should a result be recognized as scientific knowledge.
Genome (journal)
Genome, formerly known as the Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology (1959–1986), is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that published since 1959 by NRC Research Press. Genome prints articles in the fields of genetics and genomics, including cytogenetics, molecular and evolutionary genetics, population genetics, and developmental genetics. Genome is affiliated with the Canadian Society for Molecular Biosciences, and is co-edited by Melania Cristescu of McGill University and Lewis Lukens of University of Guelph.

Cytogenetics
Cytogenetics is essentially a branch of genetics, but is also a part of cell biology/cytology (a subdivision of human anatomy), that is concerned with how the chromosomes relate to cell behaviour, particularly to their behaviour during mitosis and meiosis. Techniques used include karyotyping, analysis of G-banded chromosomes, other cytogenetic banding techniques, as well as molecular cytogenetics such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH).
Ozonolysis
In organic chemistry, ozonolysis is an organic reaction where the unsaturated bonds are cleaved with ozone (O3). Multiple carbon–carbon bond are replaced by carbonyl (C=O) groups, such as aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids. The reaction is predominantly applied to alkenes, but alkynes and azo compounds are also susceptible to cleavage. The outcome of the reaction depends on the type of multiple bond being oxidized and the work-up conditions.

Detailed procedures have been reported.

Carbon–carbon bond
A carbon–carbon bond is a covalent bond between two carbon atoms. The most common form is the single bond: a bond composed of two electrons, one from each of the two atoms. The carbon–carbon single bond is a sigma bond and is formed between one hybridized orbital from each of the carbon atoms. In ethane, the orbitals are sp3-hybridized orbitals, but single bonds formed between carbon atoms with other hybridizations do occur (e.g. sp2 to sp2). In fact, the carbon atoms in the single bond need not be of the same hybridization. Carbon atoms can also form double bonds in compounds called alkenes or triple bonds in compounds called alkynes. A double bond is formed with an sp2-hybridized orbital and a p-orbital that is not involved in the hybridization. A triple bond is formed with an sp-hybridized orbital and two p-orbitals from each atom. The use of the p-orbitals forms a pi bond.
Meraro
Meraro is a town located in the Arsi Zone of Oromia Regional State to the south of Bekoji, it has a latitude and longitude of 7°41′N 39°25′E﻿ / ﻿7.683°N 39.417°E﻿ / 7.683; 39.417 with an elevation of 3,030 meters.

Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia published in 2005, Meraro has an estimated total population of 4,307 consisting of 2,036 men and 2, 271 women. The 1994 census reported this town had a total population of 2,412 of whom 1,104 were males and 1,308 were females. It is one of five towns in Limuna Bilbilo Aanaa.

Districts of Ethiopia
Districts of Ethiopia, also called woredas (Amharic: ወረዳ; Oromo: woreda), are the third level of the administrative divisions of Ethiopia – after zones and the regional states.

These districts are further subdivided into a number of wards called kebele neighbourhood associations, which are the smallest unit of local government in Ethiopia.
1910 U.S. National Championships (tennis)
The 1910 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island. The men's singles tournament ran from August 15 until August 25 while the women's singles and doubles championship took place from June 20 to June 26 at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Chestnut Hill. It was the 30th staging of the U.S. National Championships, and the third Grand Slam tennis event of the year.

Edna Wildey
Edna Wildey Welty (November 24, 1882 – March 29, 1970) was an American tennis player of the start of the 20th century.

Wildey who originated from Plainfield, New Jersey reached the women's doubles final of the U.S. National Championship five times but did not succeed in winning a title. She reached the finals of the mixed doubles twice but again did not win a title.
South Australian Living Artists Festival
The South Australian Living Artists Festival (SALA, or SALA Festival) is a statewide, open-access visual arts festival which takes place throughout August in South Australia each year.

The SALA features a range of approximately 600 venues including galleries and non-traditional spaces such as cafes, bookshops, and cemeteries which exhibit all forms of visual arts.

South Australian Ruby Awards
The South Australian Ruby Awards, also known as the Ruby Awards, are annual awards which recognise outstanding achievement in South Australia’s arts and culture sector. They were named in honour of arts champion Dame Ruby Litchfield (1912–2001) DBE.
Erik Weispfennig
Erik Weispfennig (born 13 August 1969 in Iserlohn) is a German former track cyclist. He won the madison at the 2000 UCI Track Cycling World Championships with Stefan Steinweg.

After retiring, Weispfennig worked as a directeur sportif for Team Nutrixxion–Sparkasse from 2006 until 2010. In April 2019, he became the vice president of the German Cycling Federation.

Nutrixxion–Abus
Nutrixxion–Abus (UCI team code: TSP) was a German UCI Continental cycling team that existed from 2005 until 2013. CCS Germany GmbH, a limited liability company, owned Nutrixxion–Abus. The team was managed by Mark Claussmeyer and used KTM bicycles.
Liz Watts
Liz Watts is an Australian film producer. She is best known for the 2010 drama film Animal Kingdom, and was a founding partner of Porchlight Films (1997–2020). After developing some projects through her own company, Spirit Pictures, she was appointed head of film and television (Australia) at See Saw Films in December 2021.

True History of the Kelly Gang (film)
True History of the Kelly Gang is a 2019 bushranger film directed by Justin Kurzel, written by Shaun Grant, and based upon the 2000 novel of the same name by Peter Carey. A fictionalised account of the life of bushranger and outlaw Ned Kelly, the film stars George MacKay, Essie Davis, Nicholas Hoult, Charlie Hunnam, and Russell Crowe.

It had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on 11 September 2019. It was released in Australia on Australia Day 2020, by Transmission Films and Stan, in the United Kingdom on 28 February 2020, by Picturehouse Entertainment, and in the United States on 24 April 2020, by IFC Films.
Lake Karataş
Lake Karataş (Turkish: Karataş Gölü), also known as Lake Bahçeözü, is a fresh water lake in  Burdur Province, Turkey.

The lake is situated in Karamanlı ilçe (district) of Burdur Province at 37°23′N 29°58′E﻿ / ﻿37.383°N 29.967°E﻿ / 37.383; 29.967. It is a shallow lake with a  surface area of. 1,190 ha (2,900 acres).  Its north to south dimension is 7 km (4.3 mi). It is a part of the closed basin known as Göller Yöresi ("Turkish Lakes Region") . Its distance to Karamanlı is 16 km (9.9 mi) and to Burdur is 46 km (29 mi).  Its elevation with respect to sea level is 1,050 m (3,440 ft). 
The main bird species of the lake are Eurasian wigeon, grey heron, white heron, pochard, teal, and black-tailed godwit.

Burdur Province
Burdur Province (Turkish: Burdur ili) is a province of Turkey, located in the southwest and bordering Muğla and Antalya to the south, Denizli to the west, Afyon to the north, and Isparta to the east. Its area is 7,175 km2, and its population is 273,799 (2022). The provincial capital is Burdur city.

Burdur is located in the Lakes Region of Turkey and has many lakes of various sizes, the largest of which, Burdur Lake, is named after the province. Salda Lake is the second largest lake in the province and is considered to be one of the cleanest lakes in the world.
Plan, Aragon
Plan is a municipality located in the Sobrarbe comarca, province of Huesca, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2010 census the municipality has a population of 336 inhabitants, and is the main populated center in the Gistau Valley. Its postal code is 22367.

The Ibón de Plan or Basa de la Mora lake is located within its municipal term and is said to be enchanted according to locals.

The village is one of the last places where Chistabino, the local dialect of Aragonese can be heard.

Ibón de Plan
Ibón de Plan or Basa de la Mora is a lake in the Province of Huesca, northeastern Spain. It is not connected to any specific river, since the water that fills it originates in the snow and the ice accumulated in such altitudes. It lies at an elevation of 1,910 metres (6,270 ft) and has been described as a "conifer-flecked cirque".

The name of Basa de la Mora (or "Basa la Mora", in Aragonese language) comes from a local folktale according to which a Moorish princess drowned in this lake trying to escape from the Christian troops. According to this legend, during Saint John's Eve the princess can be seen, dancing over the surface, by any person of pure heart that washes its face with the water of the lake.
Manitoba memorial lakes
In 1945 the Geographical Names Board of Canada began a program to name previously unofficially named features after casualties from all three branches of the Canadian Armed Forces. With around 100,000 lakes, most without names, Manitoba has been an enthusiastic adopter of the program. In 1995 the project to commemorate the 4,000 Manitoba casualties from the Second World War by naming lakes, islands and bays after them was completed.

The province has had a full-time toponymist since 1971 to manage the naming of its geography. Locations are researched to ensure that names with long-standing local use take precedence and only then given a commemorative name randomly. Since 1995 the province has been commemorating casualties from World War I, the Korean War, Afghanistan and U.N. peacekeeping missions.

Canada in the Korean War
The Canadian Forces were involved in the 1950–1953 Korean War and its aftermath. 26,791 Canadians participated on the side of the United Nations (the third highest total of any non-Korean country, behind the United Kingdom who brought 56,000 men and the United States who brought 1,789,000 men), and Canada sent eight destroyers. Canadian aircraft provided transport, supply and logistics. 516 Canadians died, 312 of which were from combat. After the war, 7,000 Canadian troops remained until 1957 as military observers.
Ensueños de Amor
Ensueños de Amor, literally "Daydreams of Love", is a "dreamy" oil on wood painting by Filipino painter and revolutionary activist Juan Luna.  It depicts Luna's wife Paz Pardo de Tavera while sound asleep. It is currently a part of the art collection of the Lopez Museum.

Measuring 10+1⁄2 by 12+3⁄4 inches (270 mm × 320 mm), it is a contrapposto beneath the cover of bed sheets.  The predominant color used by Luna for Ensueños de Amor is white with dashes of pink, green, and blue hues.  Luna used rapid brush strokes to express the dreamy mood.

The idealism of this painting masks a darker fact in real life, for although Luna was fond of his wife, he was unfortunately also prone to fits of violent jealousy. On September 23, 1892, after accusing her of adultery, he killed his wife and mother-in-law as well as seriously wounding his brother-in-law. Luna was charged with murder but was acquitted shortly thereafter, his deed judged as a crime of passion.

Courtship in the Philippines
Traditional courtship in the Philippines is described as a "far more subdued and indirect" approach compared to Western or Westernized cultures.  It involves "phases" or "stages" inherent to Philippine society and culture. Evident in courtship in the Philippines is the practice of singing romantic love songs, reciting poems, writing letters, and gift-giving.  This respect extends to the Filipina's family members.  The proper rules and standards in traditional Filipino courtship are set by Philippine society.
Hydrolagus matallanasi
Hydrolagus matallanasi, the striped rabbitfish, is a species of very rare, deep-water chimaera that lives in the ocean at depths to 600 m. It was discovered in 2001 by a team of Brazilian scientists.

These 40-cm-long fishes have an unusual appearance; they have wing-like pectoral fins, a pointed dorsal fin, and a long, whip-like tail. The fish can see in practically total darkness and sense electromagnetic radiation (outside of the visible spectrum) emitted by other marine creatures due to exposed nerves on the sides of its body.

The fish is named after Spanish scientist Jesus Matallanas.

Chimaera
Chimaeras are cartilaginous fish in the order Chimaeriformes (/kɪˈmɛrɪfɔːrmiːz/), known informally as ghost sharks, rat fish (not to be confused with rattails), spookfish, or rabbit fish; the last two names are also applied, respectively, to the ray-finned fish groups of Opisthoproctidae and Siganidae.

At one time a "diverse and abundant" group (based on the fossil record), their closest living relatives are sharks and rays, though their last common ancestor with them lived nearly 400 million years ago. Living species (aside from plough-nose chimaeras) are largely confined to deep water.
Le Dernier Combat
Le Dernier Combat (French: [lə dɛʁnje kɔ̃ba]; English: The Last Battle) is a 1983 French post-apocalyptic film. It was the first feature film to be directed by Luc Besson, and also features Jean Reno's first prominent role. Music for the film was composed by Éric Serra. The film was the first of many collaborations between Besson, Reno and Serra. A dark vision of post-apocalyptic survival, the film was shot in black and white and contains only two words of dialogue. It depicts a world where people have been rendered mute by some unknown incident.

20th Century Home Entertainment
20th Century Home Entertainment (previously known as Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment, LLC and also known as 20th Century Studios Home Entertainment) is a home video distribution arm that distributes films produced by 20th Century Studios, Searchlight Pictures, Blue Sky Studios, 20th Century Animation and several third-party studios, as well as television series by 20th Television, Searchlight Television, 20th Television Animation and FX Productions in home entertainment formats.

For 38 years, 20th Century Home Entertainment was the distinct home video distribution arm of Fox Entertainment Group. It was formed in 1982 as 20th Century-Fox Video. On March 20, 2019, The Walt Disney Company acquired 21st Century Fox, and as a result, its operations were folded into Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment, Disney's own home entertainment division, where it exists today solely as a brand label.
Waterhead, Cumberland
Waterhead is a civil parish in the Cumberland district, Cumbria, England.  At the 2011 census it had a population of 130.

The east and south boundaries of the parish are largely formed by the River Irthing.  The area of the parish is 1,838.88 hectares (7.1000 sq mi).  Part of the village of Gilsland lies in the parish, while some of the village is in Northumberland.

A section of Hadrian's Wall, with Birdoswald Roman fort, and the related Hadrian's Wall Path both lie within the parish, near its southern border.

There is a parish council, the lowest tier of local government.

The B6318 road from Langholm to Gilsland passes through the parish.

Langholm
Langholm /ˈlæŋəm/, also known colloquially as the "Muckle Toon", is a burgh in Dumfries and Galloway, southern Scotland. Langholm lies between four hills in the valley of the River Esk in the Southern Uplands.
Shani
Shani (Sanskrit: शनि, IAST: Śani), or Shanaishchara (Sanskrit: शनैश्चर, IAST: Śanaiścara), is the divine personification of the planet Saturn in Hinduism, and is one of the nine heavenly objects (Navagraha) in Hindu astrology. Shani is also a male Hindu deity in the Puranas, whose iconography consists of a figure with a dark complexion carrying a sword or danda (sceptre) and sitting on a buffalo or some times on a crow. He is the god of karma, justice, time and retribution, and delivers results depending upon one's thoughts, speech, and deeds. Shani is the controller of longevity, misery, sorrow, old age, discipline, restriction, responsibility, delays, ambition, leadership, authority, humility, integrity, progress, success, health and wisdom born of experience. He also signifies spiritual asceticism, penance, discipline, and conscientious work. He is associated with two consorts: Neela, the personification of the gemstone sapphire, and Manda, a gandharva princess.

Kāla
Kala (Sanskrit: काल, romanized: Kālá/Kālam, IPA: [kɑːˈlə]) is a Sanskrit term that means 'time' or 'death'. As time personified, destroying all things, Kala is a god of death, and often used as one of the epithets of Yama. In Shaivism, Kala is known as the fiery avatar of Shiva, Kala Bhairava or Kalagni Rudra; and in Vaishnavism Kala is also associated with Narasimha and Pralaya. As applied to gods and goddesses, Kālá is not always distinguishable from kāla, meaning 'black'.
Eri Tokunaga (politician)
Eri Tokunaga (徳永エリ, Tokunaga Eri; born 1 January 1962) is a Japanese politician and former television reporter from the Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan. She currently serves as member of the House of Councillors for the Hokkaido At-large district. Tokunaga is part of the CDP's shadow cabinet 'Next Cabinet' as the shadow Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary.

Before entering in politics she worked as reporter for some TV shows in Nippon Television, TV Asahi, and TBS. She attended Hosei University in the Department of Law.

Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary
The Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary (内閣官房副長官, Naikaku-kanbō-fuku-chōkan) is an official in the Japanese government who assists the Chief Cabinet Secretary. Since July 1998 there have always been three Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretaries at any given time.
Hesar-e Shaveh
Hesar-e Shaveh (Persian: حصارشاوه, also Romanized as Ḩeşār-e Shāveh and Ḩeşār Shāveh) is a village in Nabovat Rural District, in the Central District of Eyvan County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 131, in 25 families. The village is populated by Kurds.

Ilam province
Ilam Province (Persian: استان ایلام) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Ilam.

The province is in the western part of the country in Region 4 and covers 20,164.11 km2 (7,785.41 mi2). It shares 425 km (264 mi) of the border with Iraq, and also borders on the provinces of Kermanshah, Lorestan, and Khuzestan.