hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kathleen Tattersall
Kathleen Tattersall OBE (11 April 1942 – 23 January 2013) was a British educationalist, specialising in examination administration. She was the leader of five examination boards in the United Kingdom before becoming the first head of exams regulator Ofqual.

Examination boards in the United Kingdom
Examination boards in the United Kingdom (sometimes called awarding bodies or awarding organisations) are the examination boards responsible for setting and awarding secondary education level qualifications, such as GCSEs, Standard Grades, A Levels, Highers and vocational qualifications, to students in the United Kingdom.

Until the mid-1990s, academic exam boards and vocational accreditors were run very much as separate organisations. In more recent times, this distinction has been removed, with all the term 'awarding bodies' now being used. This article focuses on the contemporary and historical awarding bodies that set academic exams in state schools. In everyday terminology, these organisations are still referred to as 'exam boards'.

Broadly speaking, the UK has always had two separate school systems: one for England, Wales and Northern Ireland; and one for Scotland. As a result, two separate sets of exam boards have been developed.
Sang, Uttarakhand
Sang (Jadhang) is a small hilly village in Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand, India, and claimed by Zanda County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet, China. A tributary of the Jadh Ganga, itself an important tributary of the Bhagirathi River, flows through this place.

Mana Pass and some of the nearby villages are Tirpani, Nelang and Pulam Sumda, which all lie in the valley of the Jadh Ganga.

To boost the astrotourism in India, the government is setting up an observatory here under the Vibrant Villages programme.

Indian Astronomical Observatory
The Indian Astronomical Observatory (IAO) is a high-altitude astronomy station located in Hanle, Ladakh, India. It is operated by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics. Situated in the Western Himalayas at an elevation of 4,500 metres (14,800 ft) it is one of the world's highest located sites for optical, infrared, and gamma-ray telescopes. It is the tenth-highest optical telescope in the world.
Karl Rahner
Karl Rahner SJ (German: [ˈʁaːnɐ]; 5 March 1904 – 30 March 1984) was a German Jesuit priest and theologian who, alongside Henri de Lubac, Hans Urs von Balthasar, and Yves Congar, is considered to be one of the most influential Catholic theologians of the 20th-century. He was the brother of Hugo Rahner, also a Jesuit scholar.

Before the Second Vatican Council, Rahner worked alongside Yves Congar, Henri de Lubac, and Marie-Dominique Chenu, theologians associated with the emerging school of theological thought known as Nouvelle théologie. The Council was influenced by Rahner's theology and his understanding of Catholic faith.

Nouvelle théologie
The Nouvelle théologie (English: New Theology) is an intellectual movement in Catholic theology that arose in the mid-20th century. It is best known for Pope John XXIII's endorsement of its closely associated ressourcement (French for return to the sources) idea, which shaped the events of the Second Vatican Council. It existed most notably among certain circles of French and German theologians.

The nouveaux théologiens (new theologians) sought "a spiritual and intellectual communion with Christianity in its most vital moments as transmitted to us in its classic texts, a communion which would nourish, invigorate, and rejuvenate twentieth-century Catholicism." Many of the theologians associated with the movement advocated for a far broader "return to the sources" of the Christian faith: namely, Scripture and the writings of the Church Fathers. They also developed a renewed interest in particulars of biblical exegesis, typology, art, literature, and mysticism.
Thomas Kelley (coach)
Thomas Kelley (born c. 1888) was an American college football player and coach, college basketball coach, and athletics administrator. He served as the head football coach at Muhlenberg College from 1911 to 1913, the Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy—now known as the Missouri University of Science and Technology—in 1914, the University of Alabama from 1915 to 1917, the University of Idaho from 1920 to 1921, and the University of Missouri in 1922, compiling a career college football head coaching record of 56–24–3 (.693). Kelley was also the head basketball coach at Muhlenberg from 1912 to 1914 and Alabama for the 1916–17 season, tallying a career college basketball record of 18–23 (.439). In addition, he served as the athletic director at Alabama in 1915 and Idaho from 1920 to 1922.

Missouri University of Science and Technology
The Missouri University of Science and Technology (Missouri S&T or S&T) is a public research university in Rolla, Missouri, United States. It is a member institution of the University of Missouri System. Most of its 6,456 students (2023) study engineering, business, sciences, and mathematics. Known primarily for its engineering school, Missouri S&T offers degree programs in business and management systems, information science and technology, sciences, social sciences, humanities, and arts. It is classified as a "STEM-dominant", R1 university with "very high research spending and doctorate production".
Rough breathing
In the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, the  rough breathing (Ancient Greek: δασὺ πνεῦμα, romanized: dasỳ pneûma or δασεῖα daseîa;  Latin: spiritus asper) character is a diacritical mark used to indicate the presence of an /h/ sound before a vowel, diphthong, or after rho. It remained in the polytonic orthography even after the Hellenistic period, when the sound disappeared from the Greek language. In the monotonic orthography of Modern Greek phonology, in use since 1982, it is not used at all.

The absence of an /h/ sound is marked by the smooth breathing.

The character, or those with similar shape such as U+02BB ʻ MODIFIER LETTER TURNED COMMA, have also been used for a similar sound by Thomas Wade (and others) in the Wade–Giles system of romanization for Mandarin Chinese. Herbert Giles and others have used a left (opening) curved single quotation mark for the same purpose; the apostrophe, backtick, and visually similar characters are often seen as well.

Thomas Francis Wade
Sir Thomas Francis Wade, GCMG KCB (25 August 1818 – 31 July 1895) was a British diplomat and sinologist who produced an early Chinese textbook in English, in 1867, that was later amended, extended and converted into the Wade-Giles romanization system for Mandarin Chinese by Herbert Giles in 1892. He was the first professor of Chinese at Cambridge University.
Romulus (TV series)
Romulus, graphically rendered as  ROMVLVS, is an Italian historical drama television series created by Matteo Rovere about the founding of Rome. The series is notable for using archaic Latin instead of Italian.

Produced by Sky Italia, Cattleya, and Groenlandia, two episodes of the series premiered at the 2020 Rome Film Festival. The series was first broadcast in Italy on Sky Atlantic on 6 November 2020. In April 2021 it was renewed for a second season. The series was sold in over 40 countries.

Rome Film Festival
International Rome Film Fest (original: Festa del Cinema di Roma) is a film festival that takes place in Rome during the month of October. In 2022, the festival was officially recognized as a competitive festival by the International Federation of Film Producers Associations.
Shakill's II
Shakill's II is an album by David Murray, released on the Japanese DIW label in 1994. It features performances by Murray's Quartet with Don Pullen on electronic organ.

The album is sequel to Murray's 1991 disc, Shakill's Warrior.

Electric organ
An electric organ, also known as electronic organ, is an electronic keyboard instrument which was derived from the harmonium, pipe organ and theatre organ. Originally designed to imitate their sound, or orchestral sounds, it has since developed into several types of instruments:

Hammond-style organs used in many styles of popular music including Pop, Rock, Country, Blues, Gospel and Jazz;

digital church organs, which imitate pipe organs and are used primarily in churches;

other types including combo organs, home organs, and software organs.
George Rogerson
George Henry Rogerson (13 March 1896 – 29 May 1961) was an English cricketer.  Born at Monks Coppenhall, Cheshire, he made twelve appearances in first-class cricket.

Having played for the Lancashire Second XI since 1921, Rogerson made his first-class cricket debut for Lancashire in 1923 against Oxford University at Oxford. He made eleven further appearances in first-class cricket in 1922, playing his final match for Lancashire in the County Championship against Hampshire. He scored a total of 340 runs in his twelve matches, with a high score of 47 not out and a batting average of 17.89.

He died at Crewe, Cheshire on 29 May 1961.

1923 County Championship
The 1923 County Championship was the 30th officially organised running of the County Championship. Yorkshire County Cricket Club won the championship title. Final placings were still decided by calculating the percentage of points gained against possible points available.

In May 1923, Jack Hobbs scored his 100th century in first-class cricket, batting for Surrey against Somerset.
Thomas Pope (actor)
Thomas Pope (died 1603), also credited as Thomas Poope in the First Folio, was an English actor in the Elizabethan theatre, a member of the Lord Chamberlain's Men and a colleague of William Shakespeare. According to F. E. Halliday, Pope was a "comedian and acrobat."

Acrobatics
Acrobatics (from Ancient Greek  ἀκροβατέω (akrobatéō) 'walk on tiptoe, strut') is the performance of human feats of balance, agility, and motor coordination. Acrobatic skills are used in performing arts, sporting events, and martial arts. Extensive use of acrobatic skills are most often performed in acro dance, circus, gymnastics, and freerunning and to a lesser extent in other athletic activities including ballet, slacklining and diving. Although acrobatics is most commonly associated with human body performance, the term is used to describe other types of performance, such as aerobatics.
Ledger (surname)
Ledger is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Barry Ledger (born 1962), English rugby league footballer

Bob Ledger (1937–2015), English football player

Charles Ledger (1818–1906), English quinine expert

Heath Ledger (1979–2008), Australian actor

Jen Ledger (born 1989), English drummer

Peter Ledger (1945–1994), Australian artist and illustrator

Philip Ledger (1937–2012), British classical musician and academic

Robert Ledger (born 1890s), English footballer

Ron Ledger (1920–2004), British politician

Sarah Ledger (born 1989), British ice hockey player

Sep Ledger (1889–1917), South African rugby union player

Tom Ledger (born 1992), Australian rules footballer

Tom Ledger
Tom Ledger (born 17 March 1992) is an Australian rules footballer who played for the St Kilda Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL) and Claremont in the West Australian Football League (WAFL).

Ledger made his first appearance at the senior level in the 2011 AFL season in Round 11, against Collingwood.

At the end of the 2013 season, Ledger requested to be delisted by St Kilda, in the hope of being recruited by another club.  However he was overlooked by all other AFL clubs and returned to play for Claremont in the WAFL.

Ledger studied law during his time at St Kilda.
Sir William Macgregor, 2nd Baronet
Sir William Macgregor, 2nd Baronet (1817 – 29 March 1846) was a British Army officer.

The eldest son of the physician Sir Patrick Macgregor, 1st Baronet, he succeeded him in his baronetcy in 1828. On 20 March 1835, he purchased an ensigncy in the 18th Regiment of Foot. On 29 March 1839, he purchased a lieutenancy in the regiment.

Macgregor fought in the First Opium War, and fell ill from sunstroke at the Battle of Chinkiang. He was promoted captain shortly thereafter, on 22 July, to replace Captain Collinson, killed at the battle. He later returned to China overland before fully recovering from his sunstroke, to which cause his death was attributed. On 19 April 1844, he exchanged into the 92nd Regiment of Foot.

Macgregor died at Gibraltar in 1846. He was attended by his brother-in-law, the Rev. Joseph Sortain.

Battle of Chinkiang
The Battle of Chinkiang (Chinese: 鎮江之戰) was fought between British and Chinese forces in Zhenjiang (Chinkiang), Jiangsu province, China, on 21 July 1842 during the First Opium War. It was the last major battle of the war. The Chinese force consisted of a garrison of Manchu and Mongol Bannermen. In command of the British forces was Sir Hugh Gough. Leading one brigade was future British field marshal Sir Colin Campbell. The British capture of this stronghold allowed them to proceed to Nanjing. Fought near the confluence of the Grand Canal and Yangtze River, the battle effectively blocked operation of the Caoyun system, a transport network vital for the movement of grain throughout the empire. As a result, the Daoguang Emperor decided to sue for peace and agreed to sign the Treaty of Nanking, which brought hostilities to an end. Mass suicide was committed by the Manchu Bannermen who were defending the city.
Student loans in Denmark
Student grants and loans in Denmark are administered by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Higher Education (Ministeriet for Forskning, Innovation og Videregående Uddannelser).

These universal grants are called Statens Uddannelsesstøtte (SU: State Educational Support Grants). There are two kinds.

There are grants for students attending secondary and tertiary school.

Ministry of Higher Education and Science (Denmark)
The Danish Ministry of Higher Education and Science (Danish: Uddannelses- og Forskningsministeriet) is the Danish ministry in charge of research and education above high school/upper secondary school.

The ministry has also been known as the "Ministry of Science, Innovation and Higher Education", the "Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation of Denmark", the "Science Ministry", the "Research Ministry", and the "Ministry of Research and Technology".

Its primary purpose is to promote and coordinate the interaction between the industry and trade, centres of research and education and strengthen industry and research policies.
2019–20 Ghana Premier League
The 2019–20 Ghana Premier League was the 64th season of top professional association football league in Ghana. The season started on 28 December 2019. 18 teams compete in the league with each club playing each other twice, home and away, with the three clubs at the bottom of the league relegated to the Division One League.

Division One League
The Division One League, currently known as the Access Bank Division One League for sponsorship reasons, is the second tier football league in Ghana organized by the Ghana Football Association. The winner of each of the three zones will be promoted to the Ghana Premier League.
Magalie Pottier
Magalie Pottier (born 16 March 1989 in Vallet) is a French racing cyclist who represents France in BMX. She was selected to represent France at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the women's BMX event and finished in seventh place.

Pottier is coached by Fabrice Vettoretti. In 2012, she won both the French and world BMX championships, giving her a total of seven French championships, eleven European championships and seven world championships. She won the World Junior Championship in 2007. She began competing in BMX in 1996 as a 7-year-old and was France's reserve rider for the 2008 Olympics. In June 2015, she competed in the inaugural European Games, for France in cycling, more specifically, Women's BMX. She earned a silver medal.

Vallet
Vallet (French pronunciation: [valɛt]; Breton: Gwaled) is a commune in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France. The town is located in the Muscadet region.

Vallet is twinned with Alcester, Warwickshire, United Kingdom.
Felix Armin Randow
Felix Armin Randow is a German molecular immunologist and tenured group leader at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge. Guided by the importance of cell-autonomous immunity as the sole defender of unicellular organisms, Randow has made contributions to the understanding of host-pathogen interactions. He is an EMBO member, a Wellcome Trust investigator and a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences.

European Molecular Biology Organization
The European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) is a professional, non-profit organization of more than 2,100 life scientists. Its goal is to promote research in life science and enable international exchange between scientists. It co-funds courses, workshops and conferences, publishes five scientific journals and supports individual scientists.  The organization was founded in 1964 and is a founding member of the Initiative for Science in Europe. As of 2022 the Director of EMBO is Fiona Watt, a stem cell researcher, professor at King's College London and a group leader at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory.
Li Huanzhi
Li Huanzhi (simplified Chinese: 李焕之; traditional Chinese: 李煥之; pinyin: Lihuànzhī), originally Li Zhaocai (Chinese: 李昭彩; pinyin: Li zhāocǎi), also known as Li Zhonghuan (simplified Chinese: 李钟焕; traditional Chinese: 李鍾煥; pinyin: Li zhōnghuàn) (2 January 1919 – 19 March 2000), was a Chinese classical composer of the 20th century. Born in Hong Kong, his ancestors came from Jinjiang City, Quanzhou, Fujian, and his mother was Taiwanese.

Jinjiang, Quanzhou
Jinjiang City (Chinese: 晋江市; pinyin: Jìnjiāng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chìn-kang) is a county-level city under Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, China. It is located in the southeastern part of the province (Minnan), on the right or south bank of the Jin River, across from Quanzhou's urban district of Fengze and Licheng. Jinjiang also borders the Taiwan Strait of the East China Sea to the south, and Quanzhou's other county-cities of Shishi and Nan'an to the east and west, respectively. It has an area of 721.7 square kilometres (278.6 sq mi) and a population of 2,061,551 as of 2020.

Jinjiang has the only extant Manichean temple in China (Cao'an temple) and is near the eastern end of the world's longest estimated straight-line (great circle) path over land, at 11,241 km (6,985 mi), ending near Sagres, Portugal.
Tri-County Technical College
Tri-County Technical College is a public community college in Pendleton, South Carolina.  It is part of the South Carolina Technical College System.  Established in 1962, Tri-County Technical College has four campuses in Pendleton, Anderson, Easley, and Seneca, serving Anderson, Oconee, and Pickens counties.  The college has a partnership with nearby Clemson University to allow students who plan to declare a limited enrollment major or missing college-level credits at Clemson to enroll at Tri-County and transfer to Clemson after two semesters whilst holding status as Clemson Students.

Seneca, South Carolina
Seneca is a city in Oconee County, South Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, Seneca had a population of 8,850. It is the principal city of the Seneca Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Oconee County, and is part of the greater Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, South Carolina Combined Statistical Area. Seneca was named for the nearby Cherokee town of Isunigu, which English colonists knew as "Seneca Town".
Thérèse-Adèle Husson
Born into an upper-middle-class family in 1803, Thérèse-Adèle Husson  was a French writer in the post-Revolutionary period.  At the age of nine months, she became blind as a result of smallpox. She wrote more than a dozen children's novels.  She also wrote an autobiography, dictated to two different writers, which was sent to the director of the Quinze-Vingts Hospital in 1825.  This autobiography was later discovered by Zina Weygand in the hospital's archives, and with the assistance of Catherine Kudlick, Weygand translated the work and published it as Reflections: The Life and Writings of a Young Blind Woman in Post-Revolutionary France.  The book is known for being the first French-language book by a blind person about blindness.  Husson died in 1831 following severe burns received when her apartment caught on fire.

Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital
The Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital (Centre hospitalier national d’ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts) is France's national ophthalmology hospital located in Paris, in the 12th arrondissement. The hospital gave its name to the Quinze-Vingts quarter.
Peixoto's theorem
In the theory of dynamical systems, Peixoto's theorem, proved by Maurício Peixoto, states that among all smooth flows on surfaces, i.e. compact two-dimensional manifolds, structurally stable systems may be characterized by the following properties:

The set of non-wandering points consists only of periodic orbits and fixed points.

The set of fixed points is finite and consists only of hyperbolic equilibrium points.

Finiteness of attracting or repelling periodic orbits.

Absence of saddle-to-saddle connections.

Moreover, they form an open set in the space of all flows endowed with the C1 topology.

Periodic point
In mathematics, in the study of iterated functions and dynamical systems, a periodic point of a function is a point which the system returns to after a certain number of function iterations or a certain amount of time.
USS John Paul Jones (DDG-53)
USS John Paul Jones (DDG-53) is an Arleigh Burke-class guided missile destroyer in the United States Navy. She is the fifth ship named after American Revolutionary War naval captain John Paul Jones and the second to carry his first name. She was built at Bath Iron Works in Bath, Maine. The ship is part of Destroyer Squadron 9 of Carrier Strike Group 11, which is headed by the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier USS Nimitz.

Carrier Strike Group 11
Carrier Strike Group 11 (CSG-11 or CARSTRKGRU 11) is a U.S. Navy carrier strike group. The aircraft carrier USS Nimitz (CVN-68) is the strike group's current flagship. Other units currently assigned to the group include the cruisers USS Lake Erie (CG-70) and USS Princeton (CG-59), and Destroyer Squadron 9.

Between 2006 and 2013, the group made four deployments to the U.S. Fifth Fleet operating in the Persian Gulf and North Arabian Sea, as well as a surge deployment with the U.S. Seventh Fleet in the western Pacific Ocean. The group participated in bilateral exercises Malabar 2005 and Malabar 2005, Key Resolve/Foal Eagle 2008, as well as joint exercise Valiant Shield 2007.