hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1905 Auburn Tigers football team
The 1905 Auburn Tigers football team represented Alabama Polytechnic Institute (now known Auburn University) in the 1905 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. The team was led by head coach Mike Donahue, in his second year, and played their home games at both the Drill Field in Auburn and West End Park in Birmingham, Alabama. They finished the season with a record of two wins and four losses (2–4 overall, 2–3 in the SIAA).

1905 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season
The 1905 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season was the college football games played by the member schools of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association as part of the 1905 college football season. The season began on September 30.

One publication claims "The first scouting done in the South was in 1905, when Dan McGugin and Captain Innis Brown, of Vanderbilt went to Atlanta to see Sewanee play Georgia Tech."
Duman Mukhammedkarim
Duman Almasūly Mūhammedkärim (Kazakh: Думан Алмасұлы Мұхаммедкәрім, [do̙wˈmɑn ɑɫˈmɑso̙ɫɯ mo̙χɑmːʲetkʰæˈrɘm]; born 9 July 1978) is a Kazakh journalist. After decades of working for the Qazaqstan Radio and Television Corporation, he founded his own YouTube channel, Ne Deidi (lit. 'What's being said?'), in 2015, from which he covered significant events in Kazakhstan, including most notably the 2022 Kazakh unrest. In 2023, Mukhammedkarim was arrested and detained multiple times over a three-month period, and since June 2023, he has been detained under charges of funding and participating in extremist activities, which human rights organisations have described as "dubious" and a "gross violation" of human rights.

Qazaqstan Radio and Television Corporation
Qazaqstan Radio and Television Corporation (Kazakh: «Qazaqstan» Республикалық Телерадиокорпорациясы Акционерлік Қоғамы, romanized: «Qazaqstan» Respublikalyq Teleradiokorporatsiasy Aktsionerlık Qoğamy, «Қазақстан» РТРК» АҚ, «Qazaqstan» RTRK AQ) is one of the largest media companies in Kazakhstan. It runs four TV channels: Qazaqstan, Qazsport, Balapan, Abai TV; and four radio stations: Qazaq Radiosy, Shalkar, Astana, and Classic. There are also 14 regional TV channels that are part of the corporation.
Chatham Central
Chatham Central can refer to:

Chatham Central (ward), a former electoral ward of Medway Council in Chatham, Kent, England

Chatham Central railway station, a disused railway station in Chatham, Kent, England, operational 1892–1911

Chatham Central High School, a public high school in Bear Creek, North Carolina, United States

Chatham Central High School
Chatham Central High School is a public high school located in Bear Creek, North Carolina with a student population of around 400 students. It is part of Chatham County Schools.

The FFA team usually goes to the national convention.
Haroon Islam
Haroon Islam was a Pakistani military officer, who served in the Special Service Group of the Pakistan Army and was killed in action during Operation Silence.

He was a commanding officer during Operation Silence and was killed in fierce fighting which took place outside the Red Mosque in Islambad.

On March 23, 2008, he was posthumously awarded the second highest civilian award, Hilal-e-Shujaat (Crescent of Bravery) by the President of Pakistan.

Lal Masjid, Islamabad
The Lal Masjid (Urdu: لال مسجد, lit. 'Red Mosque'), officially the Markazi Jāmi Masjid Islamabad (Urdu: مرکزی جامع مسجد اسلام آباد, lit. 'Central Mosque Islamabad') is a Congregational mosque located in Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan. The mosque was constructed in 1966 and is one of the oldest mosques in the city. It was also the largest mosque in the city for twenty years, until the Faisal Mosque was built in 1986.

Located in a very central position, it lies in close proximity to the two busy commercial centres - the Aabpara Market in the east and the Melody Market in the north and is a short distance away from the Presidential Palace and Prime Minister's Office.

The mosque later came to be known as the site of a siege which led to a military operation by the Pakistan Army against the leaders and students of the mosque, resulting in hundreds of deaths.

As of 2021, Mawlānā Abdul Aziz remains the Imam and khateeb (sermon giver) of the mosque.
Msizi Africa
Msizi Africa is an international charitable organisation set up by Lucy Caslon in 2007. Msizi means 'helper' in Zulu. The charity, based in South London and originally named Mants'ase Children's Home UK, is registered with the UK Charity commission and provides children in Lesotho with nutritious food. Msizi Africa actively supports and closely works with a number of local projects and collaborates with Letsema, a network of service providers working with orphans and vulnerable children in Lesotho. Since October 2015, Msizi Africa Lesotho has been registered as a Lesotho registered charitable organisation.

Charity Commission for England and Wales
The Charity Commission for England and Wales (Welsh: Comisiwn Elusennau Cymru a Lloegr) is the statutory regulator of registered charities in England and Wales. It maintains the public register of charities and oversees compliance with charity law.

The Commission is a non-ministerial department of His Majesty's Government that regulates registered charities in England and Wales and maintains the Central Register of Charities. Its counterparts in Scotland and Northern Ireland are the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator and the Charity Commission for Northern Ireland.

The commission has four sites in London, Taunton, Liverpool and Newport. Its website lists the latest annual reports submitted by charities in England and Wales.

During the financial year 2022–2023, the Commission regulated £88 billion of charity income and £85 billion of charity spend.
Stavros Kazantzidis
Stavros Kazantzidis is an Australian-Greek writer, director, and producer. He graduated from the Australian Film, Television and Radio School in 1992. His graduation film, Road to Alice, won Best Short Film at the Australian Film Institute Awards. He was also the winner of 'Young Filmmaker of the Year' at the Edinburgh International Film Festival that same year. Kazantzidis wrote, directed, and produced Love & Other Catastrophes, the international indie hit, which was nominated for Best Film in 1996 at the Australian Film Institute Award. In 2000, Kazantzidis's film Russian Doll won the Best Original Screenplay at the Australian Film Institute Awards.

Edinburgh International Film Festival
The Edinburgh International Film Festival (EIFF), established in 1947, is the world's oldest continually running film festival.

EIFF presents both UK and international films (all titles are World, international, European or UK Premieres), in all genres and lengths. It also presents themed retrospectives and other specialized programming strands.
Duttenhofer
Duttenhofer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Christian Duttenhofer (1778–1846), German engraver

Luise Duttenhofer (1776–1829), German papercutting artist

Max Duttenhofer (1843–1903), German entrepreneur and industrialist

Max Duttenhofer
Max Duttenhofer (May 20, 1843 in Rottweil – August 14, 1903 in Tübingen, full name: Max Wilhelm Heinrich Duttenhofer, 1896: Max von Duttenhofer) was a German entrepreneur and industrialist. His factory invented smokeless gunpowder.
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
The Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa; German: Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt, French: Laboratoire fédéral d’essai des matériaux et de recherche, Italian: Laboratorio federale di prova dei materiali e di ricerca, Romansh: Institut federal da controlla da material e da perscrutaziun,) is a Swiss research institution for application-oriented materials science and technology. It has three locations – Dübendorf, St. Gallen and Thun. As part of the ETH Domain, it is assigned to the Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research (EAER). For more than 100 years since its foundation in 1880, Empa has been a material testing institute. Since the late 1980s, it has increasingly transformed into an interdisciplinary research institute for materials and technologies.

Thun
Thun (German pronunciation: [tuːn] ⓘ; French: Thoune [tun]) is a town and a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located where the Aare flows out of Lake Thun (Thunersee), 30 kilometres (19 miles) southeast of Bern.

As of December 2018 the municipality has about 45,000 inhabitants and around 80,000 live in the agglomeration.

Besides tourism, machine and precision instrument engineering, the largest garrison in the country, the food industry, armaments and publishing are of economic importance to Thun.

The official language of Thun is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.
Budzisko
Budzisko ([buˈd͡ʑiskɔ]; Lithuanian: Budziskas) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szypliszki, within Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Lithuania.

Gmina Szypliszki
Gmina Szypliszki, is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, on the Lithuanian border. Its seat is the village of Szypliszki, which lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) north-east of Suwałki and 126 km (78 mi) north of the regional capital Białystok.

The gmina covers an area of 156.55 square kilometres (60.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,008.
Julian Sprung
Julian Sprung (born 1966) is an American writer on marine aquarium fishkeeping. He is an alumnus of the University of Florida where he studied zoology, graduating in 1988.

Sprung has authored articles in aquarium hobby publications such as Freshwater And Marine Aquarium, Seascope, Advanced Aquarist Online, Aquarium Frontiers, Marine and Reef Aquarium USA, Practical Fishkeeping, Tropical Fish Hobbyist, and Coral. Sprung is one of the authors of The Reef Aquarium 3-volume book series (self-published), and is a frequent lecturer at reef aquarium hobby conventions and gatherings.

In 1991 Sprung, with fellow marine aquarium enthusiast Daniel Ramirez, co-founded the company Two Little Fishies, Inc., a manufacturer of marine aquarium supplements, media, and accessories.

Self-publishing
Self-publishing is an author-driven publication of any media without the involvement of a third-party publisher. Since the advent of the internet, self-publishing usually depends on digital platforms and print-on-demand technology, ranging from physical books to eBooks. Examples include magazines, print-on-demand books, music albums, pamphlets, brochures, video games, video content, artwork, zines, and web fiction. Self-publishing is an alternative to traditional publishing that has implications for production, cost and revenue, distribution, and public perception.
Zhazira Zhapparkul
Zhazira Abdrakhmanovna Zhapparkul (Kazakh: Жазира Әбдірахманқызы Жаппарқұл, romanized: Jazira Äbdırahmanqyzy Japparqūl, born 22 December 1993 in Arys) is a Kazakh Olympian weightlifter who competes in the women's 69 kg weight category. She took silver medals at the 2014 and 2015 World Championships.
She represented Kazakhstan at the 2016 Summer Olympics, she placed second, winning the silver medal.

Arys, Kazakhstan
Arys (Kazakh: Арыс, Arys, ارىس [ɑˈɾəs]; Russian: Арыс, earlier Арысь Aryś), is a town in Turkistan Region of Kazakhstan. Population: 62,197 (2009 census results); 59,280 (1999 census results).

Arys is the junction of two important rail lines: Trans-Aral Railway (Orenburg-Arys-Tashkent) and Turkestan-Siberia Railway (Arys-Almaty-Barnaul). The Arys station was built ca. 1904 on the Trans-Aral line; a number of buildings and structures dating to 1902–1905 are preserved in the city.  In 1932 Arys was granted the status of a work settlement, and in 1956, that of a city.

The economy of Arys is centered on agriculture (grain, cotton, livestock). There are some industries as well, mostly having to do with the city's railroad origin: a railroad tie factory, an electric locomotive repair plant, and another one for the repair of railroad cargo cars.
Crawfordsville Bridge
The Crawfordsville Bridge spans the Calapooia River adjacent to Oregon Route 228 near the community of Crawfordsville in Linn County, Oregon, United States.

The 105-foot Howe truss type bridge was built in 1932. The bridge was bypassed in 1963 and is now maintained by the Linn County Parks & Recreation Department as a pedestrian bridge across the river. Since 1990, the bridge has been the site of a Bridge Day festival held annually in the summer. A small park next to the bridge includes a picnic table and fire pit.

The bridge was featured in the 1976 television movie The Flood.

The bridge is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Howe truss
A Howe truss is a truss bridge consisting of chords, verticals, and diagonals whose vertical members are in tension and whose diagonal members are in compression. The Howe truss was invented by William Howe in 1840, and was widely used as a bridge in the mid to late 1800s.
Béatrice Berthet
Béatrice Berthet  is a Swiss Paralympic skier. She represented Switzerland in Paralympic Alpine skiing at the 1984 Paralympic Winter Games, 1988 Paralympic Winter Games, and 1992 Paralympic Winter Games. She won two bronze medals in Innsbruck 1988.

1988 Winter Paralympics
The 1988 Winter Paralympic Games (German: Paralympische Winterspiele 1988) were the fourth Winter Paralympics, held again in Innsbruck, Austria. These were the last Paralympics to be held in a separate location from the Olympics. Beginning in 1992, the Olympics and the Paralympics were held in the same city or in an adjacent city. These Paralympics were not held at the same Olympic venue in Calgary, Canada, because of financial and recruiting difficulties. A total of 377 athletes from 22 countries took part. The USSR competed for the first and only time. Sit-skiing was introduced as another event in both the Alpine and Nordic skiing competitions. Other sports were biathlon and ice sledge speed racing. Ice sledge speed racer Knut Lundstroem from Norway was the most successful athlete, winning four gold medals in the 100m, 500m, 1000m and 1500m events.
Ulakhan-Botuobuya
The Ulakhan-Botuobuya (Russian: Улахан-Ботуобуя or Большая Ботуобуя; "Big Botuobuya"; Yakut: Улахан Ботуобуйа, Ulaxan Botuobuya) is a river in Yakutia (Sakha Republic), Russia. It is a right hand tributary of the Vilyuy, with a length of 459 kilometres (285 mi) and a drainage basin area of 17,500 square kilometres (6,800 sq mi).

The river flows across mostly uninhabited territory of Mirninsky District. Botuobuyinsky Nasleg is located in its middle course. There is a pontoon bridge of the A331 highway stretch between Mirny and Udachny crossing the river just before its confluence with the Vilyuy.

Mirny, Sakha Republic
Mirny (Russian: Мирный, IPA: [ˈmʲirnɨj], lit. peaceful; Yakut: Мииринэй, romanized: Miiriney [ˈmiːɾinej]) is a town and the administrative center of Mirninsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located on the Irelyakh River (Vilyuy's basin), 820 kilometers (510 mi) west of Yakutsk, the capital of the republic. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 37,188.
Paraivongius rubricollis
Paraivongius rubricollis is a species of leaf beetle. It is reported from the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Sudan. It was first described from Garamba National Park by Brian J. Selman in 1972. Host plants for the species include Combretum verticillatum, C. binderianum, Combretum spp., Mitragyna stipulosa, and it has also been collected on Imperata cylindrica and Urena lobata.

Combretum
Combretum, the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but there are others that are native to tropical Asia, New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago, Australia, and tropical America.

Around 17 species in the genus Quisqualis are very similar to Combretum and are now classified as species of the genus.

Though somewhat reminiscent of willows (Salix) in their habitus, they are not particularly close relatives of these.
Patrick Cudahy Memorial
The Patrick Cudahy Memorial is a public art work by American artist Felix de Weldon, located in Sheridan Park in Cudahy, Wisconsin.  The bronze sculpture depicts industrialist Patrick Cudahy standing and wearing a business suit.
The inscription reads:
PATRICK CUDAHY
FOUNDER OF THE CITY OF CUDAHY
MARCH 17 1849 - JULY 25, 1919 (shamrock) 
(Inscribed on side of base :) 
Lover of shrubs, flowers, trees 
(Inscribed on side of base:) 
Founder of the City of Cudahy

Patrick Cudahy
Patrick Cudahy Jr. (/ˈkʌdəheɪ/ CUD-ə-hey); March 17, 1849 – July 25, 1919) was an American industrialist in the meat packing business and a patriarch of the Cudahy family.  He was also the founder and namesake of Cudahy, Wisconsin.
Holburne Museum
The Holburne Museum (formerly known as the Holburne of Menstrie Museum and the Holburne Museum of Art) is located in Sydney Pleasure Gardens, Bath, Somerset, England. The city's first public art gallery, the Grade I listed building is home to fine and decorative arts built around the collection of Sir William Holburne. Artists in the collection include Gainsborough, Guardi, Stubbs, Ramsay and Zoffany.

The museum also provides a programme of temporary exhibitions, music performances, creative workshops, family events, talks and lectures. There is a bookshop and a café that opens out onto Sydney Gardens. The museum reopened in May 2011 after restoration and an extension designed by Eric Parry Architects, supported by the Heritage Lottery Fund.

Francesco Guardi
Francesco Lazzaro Guardi (Italian pronunciation: [franˈtʃesko ˈgwardi]; 5 October 1712 – 1 January 1793) was an Italian painter, nobleman, and a member of the Venetian School. He is considered to be among the last practitioners, along with his brothers, of the classic Venetian school of painting.

In the early part of his career he collaborated with his older brother Gian Antonio in the production of religious paintings. After Gian Antonio's death in 1760, Francesco concentrated on vedute. The earliest of these show the influence of Canaletto, but he gradually adopted a looser style characterized by spirited brush-strokes and freely imagined architecture.
Adkinson
Adkinson is an English patronymic surname derived from a diminutive form Adkin for Adam. Notable people with the surname include:

Joseph B. Adkinson (1892–1965), American Medal of Honor recipient

Mary Osburn Adkinson (1843–1918), American social reformer

Adam (given name)
Adam is a common masculine given name in the English language, of Hebrew origin.

The name derives from Adam (Hebrew: אָדָם), the first human according to the Hebrew Bible. When used as noun, אָדָם means "man" or "humanity". Its Biblical and Quranic uses have ensured that it is a common name in countries which draw on these traditions, and it is particularly common in Christian and Muslim majority countries. In most languages, its spelling is the same, although the pronunciation varies. Adán and Adão are the Spanish and Portuguese forms, respectively.

Adam is also a surname in many countries, although it is not as common in English as its derivative Adams (sometimes spelt Addams). In other languages, there are similar surnames derived from Adam, such as Adamo, Adamov, Adamowicz, Adamski, McAdam, etc.

In Arabic, Adam (آدم) means "made from earth's mud".
Rukshan Fernando
Rukshan Fernando (born 1984 or 1985), also known as Real Rukshan, is a Sri Lankan-Australian videographer and wedding photographer known for his favourable coverage of the anti-vaccine and anti-lockdown movement in Australia.

Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic
Protests, demonstrations and strikes occurred around the world against national responses to the COVID-19 pandemic by governmental bodies. Some were driven by the financial hardship resulting from government measures to contain the virus, including restrictions on travel and entertainment, hitting related industries and workers hard. Protests also occurred in opposition to restrictions on people's movements, compulsory wearing of face masks, lockdowns, vaccinations and other measures that have been criticized for violating autonomy and freedom.

This article lists and summarizes such activities in various countries around the world.
Molonou-Blé
Molonou-Blé is a town in central Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Didiévi Department in Bélier Region, Lacs District.

Molonou-Blé was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Molonou-Blé was 23,348.

Lacs District
Lacs District (French: District des Lacs; pronounced [lak], "Lakes") is one of fourteen administrative districts of Ivory Coast. The district is located in the central part of the country. The capital of the district is Dimbokro.
Peppermint (2018 film)
Peppermint is a 2018 American vigilante action thriller film directed by Pierre Morel and stars Jennifer Garner, alongside John Ortiz, John Gallagher Jr., Juan Pablo Raba, Cailey Fleming and Tyson Ritter. In the film, a woman becomes a vigilante in a quest for vengeance against the drug cartel responsible for the death of her daughter and husband.

Peppermint was released in the United States on September 7, 2018, to negative reviews from critics and the film grossed $53 million worldwide. The film was released in South Korea in 2019 retitled 'I am Mother.'

Tyson Ritter
Tyson Jay Ritter (born April 24, 1984) is an American musician, singer and actor. He is the co-founder, frontman, bassist, pianist, and songwriter of the rock band The All-American Rejects. As an actor, Ritter appeared as himself on the seventeenth episode of season three in the Fox drama series House which aired in April 2007, he appeared as Dane on Amazon Video's Betas, recurred as rock musician Oliver Rome in the NBC drama series Parenthood, and has had supporting roles in films, including  The House Bunny (2008) and Miss You Already (2015). In 2018, Ritter played recurring characters on two television series on AMC, Preacher and Lodge 49. Ritter joined the main cast of Preacher for its final season in 2019.
Bruny Island Tasmanian language
Bruny Island Tasmanian, or Nuenonne ("Nyunoni"), a name shared with Southeast Tasmanian, is an Aboriginal language or pair of languages of Tasmania in the reconstruction of Claire Bowern. It was spoken on Bruny Island, off the southeastern coast of Tasmania, by the Bruny tribe.

Bruny Island Tasmanian is attested in a list of 986 words collected by Joseph Milligan (published 1857 & 1859); in 515 words collected by George Augustus Robinson; in 273 words from Charles Sterling; and in 111 words from R.A. Roberts (published 1828). The Milligan vocabulary is divergent, and falls out as a distinct language when the lists are compared at p < 0.15, though it falls together with the rest of the island at a looser criterion of p < 0.20.

Claire Bowern
Claire Louise Bowern (/ˈboʊərn/ BOH-ərn) is a linguist who works with Australian Indigenous languages. She is currently a professor of linguistics at Yale University, and has a secondary appointment in the department of anthropology at Yale.