hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
In Theory Only
In Theory Only (ISSN 0360-4365) was a peer-reviewed academic journal specializing in music theory and analysis. It began publication in 1975, under the auspices of graduate students in music theory at the University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre & Dance, making it the first of the graduate-student produced theory journals to debut in the U.S. (followed two years later by Indiana Theory Review). The journal initially employed the subtitle "Newsletter of the Michigan Music Theory Society" (later dropped). The journal ceased regular publication in 1997, but had one final issue published in 2007.

Musical analysis
Musical analysis is the study of musical structure in either compositions or performances. According to music theorist Ian Bent, music analysis "is the means of answering directly the question 'How does it work?'". The method employed to answer this question, and indeed exactly what is meant by the question, differs from analyst to analyst, and according to the purpose of the analysis. According to Bent, "its emergence as an approach and method can be traced back to the 1750s. However it existed as a scholarly tool, albeit an auxiliary one, from the Middle Ages onwards."

The principle of analysis has been variously criticized, especially by composers, such as Edgard Varèse's claim that, "to explain by means of [analysis] is to decompose, to mutilate the spirit of a work".
Shaft and chamber tomb
A shaft and chamber tomb is a type of chamber tomb used by some ancient peoples for burial of the dead. They consist of a shaft dug into the outcrops of rock with a square or round chamber excavated at the bottom where the dead were placed. These chambers can consist of a single shaft and chamber like the Mexican tombs or sometimes quite elaborate as was built in ancient Egypt.

Shaft and chamber tombs are found at Xemxija in Malta which are Neolithic and Dayeh-va-dokhtar tombs in Fars province of Iran. They were also employed by the ancient Egyptians. The late pre-Classic and early Classic Era cultures of west Mexico (what are now the states of Colima, Nayarit, and Jalisco) used tombs of this kind and much of what little is known about these cultures is known from art objects found in these tombs. As a result, these early West Mexico cultures are sometimes referred to as the West Mexico shaft tomb culture.

Xemxija
Xemxija (Maltese: Ix-Xemxija, pronounced shem-shee-ya) is a suburb in the western part of St. Paul's Bay in the Northern Region of Malta. It is surrounded by countryside and contains two bays, the titular Xemxija Bay and Mistra Bay, located just north of the parish church. There are a number of hotels and restaurants in Xemxija.
Heinz aus Wien
Heinz aus Wien are a rock band from Austria. They sing in German. The band was created 1995. The band consists of Cornelius Dix (Bass), Michi Gaissmaier (vocals, guitar), Markus Gartner (guitar) and Bernd Jungmair (drums, vocals). Past members are Lelo Brossmann (guitar, vocals, 1995 – 2003) and Paul Wallner (guitar, 2003 – 2008).

They became famous with songs as: "Schlafen ohne dich" (Sleep without you), "Ich hab mit Tocotronic Bier getrunken" (I drank beer with Tocotronic) or the birthday-song for FM4 (a radio station in Austria) "Alles Gute FM4" (All the best FM4). Their second album "Elektroboot, bitte" was a solid continue of their first album "Welsfischen am Wolgadelta". The albums "Pasadena" and "Karate Karate" are intentionally more in the direction of pop than rock.

The band was nominated in 2001, 2002 and 2003 for the Amadeus Austrian Music Award.

Tocotronic
Tocotronic is a German rock band formed in 1993. Similar to Blumfeld or Die Sterne they are considered a part of the Hamburger Schule (Hamburg School) movement. They are influential for bands such as Wir sind Helden.
Celtic F.C. in European football
Celtic Football Club is a Scottish football club based in Glasgow, which has regularly taken part in European competitions since its first appearance in the 1962–63 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. Since then, the club has competed in every UEFA-organized competition, with the exception of the UEFA Super Cup and the defunct Intertoto Cup.

The club became the first British and Scottish team to win the European Cup by defeating Inter Milan in the 1967 final.

Celtic reached a second final and lost 2–1 to Feyenoord.

In more recent years, Celtic reached the 2003 UEFA Cup Final in Seville on 21 May 2003, which they lost 3–2 after extra time to Porto.

Scott Brown, a long-serving captain for Celtic, holds the club record for the most European appearances, playing in 127 matches. Henrik Larsson, who scored twice in the 2003 UEFA Cup Final, is the record goal scorer of the club, with 35 goals.

Bobby Carroll
Robert Carroll (13 May 1938 – 11 May 2016) was a Scottish footballer who played for Celtic, St Mirren, Dundee United, Coleraine and Queen of the South. He was Celtic's first ever goalscorer in European competition.
Šime Budinić
Petar Šimun "Šime" Budinić Zadranin (Latin: Piersimeone Budineo) (1535 – 13 December 1600) was a 16th-century Venetian-Croatian Catholic priest and writer from Zadar, Venetian Dalmatia (today Croatia). He was a translator of psalms and catechetical texts, promoter of post-Tridentine Catholicism, and a poet.

Catechesis
Catechesis (/ˌkætəˈkiːsɪs/; from Greek: κατήχησις, 'instruction by word of mouth', generally 'instruction') is basic Christian religious education of children and adults, often from a catechism book. It started as education of converts to Christianity, but as the religion became institutionalized, catechesis was used for education of members who had been baptized as infants. As defined in the Catechism of the Catholic Church, paragraph 5 (quoting Pope John Paul II's Apostolic Exhortation Catechesi tradendae, §18):

Catechesis is an education in the faith of children, young people and adults which includes especially the teaching of Christian doctrine imparted, generally speaking, in an organic and systematic way, with a view to initiating the hearers into the fullness of Christian life.
Bucerotiformes
Bucerotiformes /bjuːˈsɛrətɪfɔːrmiːz/ is an order of birds that contains the hornbills, ground hornbills, hoopoes and wood hoopoes. These birds were previously classified as members of Coraciiformes. The clade is distributed in Africa, Asia, Europe and Melanesia.

Scimitarbill
Scimitarbills (also spelt scimitar-bills) are three species of African bird belonging to the genus Rhinopomastus. They are often classified in the woodhoopoe family, Phoeniculidae; however, genetic studies show that they diverged from the true woodhoopoes about 10 million years ago and so they are sometimes placed in a family of their own, the Rhinopomastidae.

They are smaller than most woodhoopoes and their bills are strongly curved like a scimitar, giving them their name. They are mostly glossy black in colour with a few white markings on the wings. While other woodhoopoes are gregarious birds which gather in flocks, the scimitarbills are usually seen alone or in pairs.

They feed mainly on insects and other invertebrates, which they find by using their bills to probe into holes and crevices. They are acrobatic birds, well-adapted for clambering through trees. The eggs are laid in a tree cavity.
McKinzie
McKinzie is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Barbara McKinzie, American accountant

Edith Kawelohea McKinzie, Hawaiian genealogist, writer, and hula expert

Ralph McKinzie (1894–1990), American football, baseball and basketball coach

Barbara McKinzie
Barbara Anne McKinzie (born
January 2, 1954) is an American accountant and executive. From 2006 to 2010 she was the twenty-seventh International President of Alpha Kappa Alpha (ΑΚΑ), the first Greek-lettered sorority established and incorporated by African-American college women.

Born in Ada, Oklahoma, McKinzie has a B.S. degree from East Central University as well as an M.B.A. from Northwestern University. Before becoming president, she had various other roles in the sorority. She is a certified public accountant and a former Comptroller at the Chicago Housing Authority.
Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses
The Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses (AMSN) is a professional association for medical-surgical nurses in the United States. Its stated mission is "to promote excellence in medical-surgical nursing". AMSN was founded in 1991 and has chapters in all 50 states.

Professional association
A professional association (also called  a professional body, professional organization, or professional society) is a group that usually seeks to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals and organisations engaged in that profession, and the public interest. In the United States, such an association is typically a nonprofit business league for tax purposes. In the UK, they may take a variety of legal forms.
UChicago Medicine AdventHealth La Grange
Adventist Midwest Health doing business as UChicago Medicine AdventHealth La Grange, is a non-profit hospital campus in La Grange, Illinois, United States that is part of a joint venture between AdventHealth and UChicago Medicine. The hospital is a primary stroke center and also a designated Level II trauma center by the Illinois Department of Public Health.

Patch Media
Patch Media operates Patch.com, an American local news and information platform, based in Manhattan. It is primarily owned by Hale Global. Patch is operated by Planck, LLC, doing business as Patch Media.

As of May 2024, the Patch.com hyperlocal websites provide local news and human interest stories to 1,900 communities, dispersed across all 50 U.S. states, Washington, D.C. and the United States Virgin Islands. The platform is based on a lead reporter in each community, does not offer international news, but does have an "Across America" site, with national stories.

Patch also provides a platform for users to post questions, news tips and columns germane to their towns. Each site also contains a mixture of local and national advertising. The latter includes a self-serve ad platform allowing users to communicate directly with targeted audiences.
Bushey Hall
Bushey Hall was an English historic house in Hertfordshire. It was built in 1428 for Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury. It was also the home of Sir John Marsham, 1st Baronet.

In 1881, a hydrotherapeutic institute was opened in its 250 acres of parkland. The establishment, under the supervision of Resident Physician, Dr Robert J Banning, offered a wide range of facilities including Victorian Turkish, Russian steam, electric, pine, and swimming baths. Treatments included massage.

The manor house was demolished in the nineteenth century, and a nearby Bushey Hall, built on a different site, was demolished after World War II.

Steam bath
A steam bath is a steam-filled room or steam-filled cabinet designed for the purpose of relaxation and holistic treatment. Steam baths have been formally recognized since ancient Greek and Roman times, yet variations can be found throughout the Middle East, Asia, Mesoamerica, and Northern Africa. The Greeks developed early vapor baths called laconica in Sparta, while the Roman variation was referred to as thermae, among the most famous of which is located in Bath, England, and was founded in the first century AD.

Regardless of location, steam baths serve as gathering places, centers for relaxation, and places for ritualistic practice. Steam baths have historically been operated through various forms of technology, from Roman hypocaust systems to pipes designed to transport geothermal water.
The Ivey on Boren
The Ivey on Boren is a residential high-rise building in Seattle, Washington. The 44-story skyscraper, located in the Denny Triangle neighborhood at the border of South Lake Union, was completed in 2022. The building contains 406 luxury apartments, 53,567 sq ft (4,976.5 m2) of office space, and 7,785 sq ft (723.3 m2) of arts facilities operated by Cornish College of the Arts.

The building is named after William Ivey (1919–1992), a celebrated Seattle abstract expressionist painter and alumnus of Cornish College of the Arts. The design emphasizes wellness and incorporates organic themes throughout, with ground-level art galleries and performance spaces that serve as a public-facing arts hub for Cornish.

Residential area
A residential area is a land used in which housing predominates, as opposed to industrial and commercial areas.

Housing may vary significantly between, and through, residential areas. These include single-family housing, multi-family residential, or mobile homes. Zoning for residential use may permit some services or work opportunities or may totally exclude business and industry. It may permit high density land use or only permit low density uses.  Residential zoning usually includes a smaller FAR (floor area ratio) than business, commercial or industrial/manufacturing zoning. The area may be large or small.
2018 TSL season
The 2018 AFL Tasmania TSL premiership season is an Australian rules football competition staged across Tasmania, Australia over twenty-one home and away rounds and six finals series matches between 30 March and 15 September.

The League was known as the Bupa TSL under a commercial naming-rights sponsorship agreement with the company.

Before the season started there were three team changes to the competition with Burnie and Devonport departing the league.
Hobart City were replaced in the competition by North Hobart who returned to the competition after a 4-year absence.

Launceston Football Club
The Launceston Football Club, nicknamed The Blues, is an Australian rules football club, located in the West Tamar suburb of Riverside, seven kilometres north of the Launceston CBD and currently play in the NTFA Premier League in Tasmania, Australia.
Aldo Beckman Award for Journalistic Excellence
The Aldo Beckman Award for Journalistic Excellence is an annual award sponsored by the White House Correspondents' Association. Established in 1981, it recognizes "a correspondent who personifies the journalistic excellence and personal qualities of Aldo Beckman". Described by CBS News as "one of journalism's most prestigious awards", past recipients include David E. Sanger, Mark Knoller, Glenn Thrush, Kenneth T. Walsh, and Carl M. Cannon.

The full list of winners can be found in Awards section of the White House Correspondents' Association article.

David E. Sanger
David E. Sanger is an American journalist who is the chief Washington correspondent for The New York Times. He has been writing since 1982, covering foreign policy, globalization, nuclear proliferation, and the presidency. As of 2025 he has also authored four books on US foreign policy, including Confront and Conceal: Obama's Secret Wars and Surprising Use of American Power (2012). He has been a member of three teams that won the Pulitzer Prize, and has been awarded numerous honors for national security and foreign policy coverage.
George Bishop's Observatory
George Bishop's Observatory (code: 969) was an astronomical observatory erected in 1836 by the astronomer George Bishop near his residence at the South Villa of Regent's Park, London. It was equipped with a 7-inch (180 mm) Dollond refractor.

Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geophysics, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed.

The term observatoire has been used in French since at least 1976 to denote any institution that compiles and presents data on a particular subject (such as public health observatory) or for a particular geographic area (European Audiovisual Observatory).
Korg Nautilus
The Nautilus is a music workstation manufactured by Korg, a successor to Kronos 2, which comes with Kronos' nine different synthesizer sound engines and other similar features. It was announced in November 2020 with availability in January 2021.

Just like its predecessors Kronos and OASYS, the Nautilus is a custom software synthesizer running on an Intel x86 processor and the Linux kernel with RTAI extensions. In comparison to its predecessors, the user interface on the Nautilus has been redesigned, but some software and hardware features of the earlier models are no longer included, with a reduction in list price.

On July 14, 2023 Korg announced an updated Nautilus AT in 61-key and 88-key versions which add channel aftertouch, also available as a factory upgrade option for the original models.

Yamaha Corporation
Yamaha Corporation (ヤマハ株式会社, Yamaha Kabushiki gaisha; /ˈjɑːməhɑː/; Japanese pronunciation: [jamaha]) is a Japanese multinational musical instrument and audio equipment manufacturer.

It is one of the constituents of Nikkei 225 and is the world's largest musical instrument manufacturing company.

The former motorcycle division was established in 1955 as Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd., which started as an affiliated company but has been spun-off as its own independent company.
Löwenhielm
Löwenhielm is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Augusta Löwenhielm (1754–1846), Swedish countess and courtier

Carl Löwenhielm (1772–1861), Swedish military officer, diplomat, and politician

Carl Gustaf Löwenhielm (1790–1858), Swedish diplomat and lieutenant general

Fredrik Löwenhielm (1916–2008), Swedish major general

Gustaf Löwenhielm (1771-1856), Swedish general and diplomat

Jacquette Löwenhielm (1797–1839), Swedish noble and lady-in-waiting

Michelle Löwenhielm (born 1995), Swedish ice hockey player

Michelle Löwenhielm
Michelle Karin Löwenhielm (born 22 March 1995) is a Swedish ice hockey forward and the captain of SDE Hockey in the Swedish Women's Hockey League (SDHL). She has represented Sweden in the women’s ice hockey tournament at the 2014 Winter Olympics and at six IIHF Women's World Championships.
R v Lipman
R v Lipman [1970] 1 QB 152 is an English criminal law precedent that self-induced (voluntary) intoxication, however extreme, is no defence to manslaughter, provided a loss of control is foreseen by becoming intoxicated. The defendant in voluntarily taking dangerous drugs was found to have taken a dangerous risk which ordinary individuals would foresee, with his lack of intention to carry out dangerous acts not thereafter being relevant to a conviction of manslaughter.

Manslaughter in English law
In the English law of homicide, manslaughter is a less serious offence than murder, the differential being between levels of fault based on the mens rea (Latin for "guilty mind") or by reason of a partial defence. In England and Wales, a common practice is to prefer a charge of murder, with the judge or defence able to introduce manslaughter as an option (see alternative verdict). The jury then decides whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty of either murder or manslaughter. On conviction for manslaughter, sentencing is at the judge's discretion, whereas a sentence of life imprisonment is mandatory on conviction for murder. Manslaughter may be either voluntary or involuntary, depending on whether the accused has the required mens rea for murder.
Findon Creek, New South Wales
Findon Creek is a locality in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia. It sits within the Kyogle Council local government area and is located 34.6 kilometres (21.5 mi) north of Kyogle. In the 2021 census it had a population of 36 people.

The Traditional owners are the Gullibul, Githabul, Wahlubal and Bundjalung peoples.

It shares its name with the Findon Creek which is a perennial stream.

Kyogle
Kyogle (/kaɪoʊɡəl/) is a town in the Northern Rivers region of northern New South Wales, Australia. It falls within the local government area of Kyogle Council. At the 2021 census, Kyogle had a population of 2,804. Kyogle is known as a "gateway" to many national parks including Border Ranges National Park and Toonumbar National Park.
Lake Gault
Lake Gault is a small glacial lake in South Westland, New Zealand, near the township of Fox Glacier. A walking track from Lake Matheson leads to the lake, which is surrounded by mature native forest. A small hydro-electric power plant was constructed piping water from the lake to power a gold mining dredge at Gillespies Beach. Endangered Ōkārito kiwi (rowi) have been released into the wild around Lake Gault.

Lomaria discolor
Lomaria discolor, synonym Blechnum discolor, commonly called crown fern (Māori: piupiu), is a species of fern in the family Blechnaceae. This species is endemic to New Zealand. As noted by C. Michael Hogan, this species is found in a number of forest communities in diverse locations within New Zealand, and is sometimes a dominant understorey component.

Spores are produced on specialised fronds. These are more erect, with a dark and shrivelled look.
Juan Diego Flórez
Juan Diego Flórez (born Juan Diego Flórez Salom, January 13, 1973) is a Peruvian operatic tenor, particularly known for his roles in bel canto operas. On June 4, 2007, he received his country's highest decoration, the Knight Grand Cross in the Order of the Sun of Peru.

Armide (Gluck)
Armide is an opera by Christoph Willibald Gluck, set to a libretto by Philippe Quinault. Gluck's fifth production for the Parisian stage and the composer's own favourite among his works, it was first performed on 23 September 1777 by the Académie Royale de Musique in the second Salle du Palais-Royal in Paris.
Gwrtheyrnion
Gwrtheyrnion or Gwerthrynion was a commote in medieval Wales, located in Mid Wales on the north side of the River Wye; its historical centre was Rhayader. It is said to have taken its name from the legendary king Vortigern (Welsh: Gwrtheyrn). For most of the medieval era, it was associated with the cantref of Buellt and then Elfael, small regional kingdoms whose rulers operated independently of other powers. In the Norman era, like the rest of the region between Wye and Severn it came to be dominated by Marcher Lordships.

Mid Wales
Mid Wales (Welsh: Canolbarth Cymru or simply Y Canolbarth, meaning "the midlands"), or Central Wales, is a region of Wales, encompassing its midlands, in-between North Wales and South Wales. The Mid Wales Regional Committee of the Senedd covered the unitary authority areas of Ceredigion and Powys and the area of Gwynedd that had previously been the district of Meirionnydd. A similar definition is used by the BBC. The Wales Spatial Plan defines a region known as "Central Wales" which covers Ceredigion and Powys.

Mid Wales is dominated by the Cambrian Mountains, including the Green Desert of Wales. The region is sparsely populated, with an economy dependent on farming and small businesses.
South Pittsburg, Tennessee
South Pittsburg is a city in Marion County, Tennessee, United States. It is part of the Chattanooga, TN–GA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 3,106 at the 2020 census. South Pittsburg is home to the National Cornbread Festival.

Tennessee River
The Tennessee River is a 652 mi (1,049 km) long river located in the southeastern United States. Flowing through the Tennessee Valley in the states of Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Kentucky, it begins at the confluence of French Broad and Holston rivers at Knoxville, and drains into the Ohio River near Paducah, Kentucky. It is the largest tributary of the Ohio, and drains a basin of 40,876 sq mi (105,870 km2).

Its tributary, the Little Tennessee River, flows into it from Western North Carolina and northeastern Georgia.