hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Bowstead
John Bowstead (27 September 1940 – 12 April 2020) was an English artist and lyricist.

In 1962 Bowstead exhibited at the Institute of Contemporary Arts (ICA), as part of the exhibition Four Young Artists alongside David Hockney, Maurice Agis and Peter Phillips. In 1963 he was one of three artists to receive an "Honourable Mention" in the John Moores Prize. The same year, with fellow Slade painters Terry Atkinson, Roger Jeffs, and Bernard Jennings, he formed the art group "Fine Artz". From 1965 he was part of the Light/Sound Workshop at Hornsey College of Art until its demise in 1968.

He co-authored, with Jeffs, The Archigram magazine (1961–1974). In the magazine he self-advertised a 'John Bowstead and Friends' multi-media event for the Gulbenkian Theatre at the University of Kent. In 1970 he wrote the lyrics for a musical called "Oh Flux!" with Allan Clarke (lead singer of The Hollies) which also played at the Gulbenkian Theatre.

John Moores Painting Prize
The John Moores Painting Prize is a biennial award to the best contemporary  painting, submission is open to the public. The prize is named for Sir John Moores, noted philanthropist, who established the award in 1957. The winning work and short-listed pieces are exhibited at the Walker Art Gallery as part of the Liverpool Biennial festival of visual art.
Francis S. Low
Francis Stuart Low CBE (August 15, 1894 – January 22, 1964) was a decorated officer of the United States Navy with the rank of four-star admiral. An expert in submarine warfare, Low is credited with the idea that twin-engined Army bombers could be launched from an aircraft carrier. This idea was later adopted for the planning of the Doolittle Raid.

Low distinguished himself as Chief of Staff, U.S. Tenth Fleet, during the anti-U-boat campaign in the Atlantic Ocean and completed his career in 1956 as Commander, Western Sea Frontier, and Commander Pacific Reserve Fleet.

"V" device
A "V" device is a metal 1⁄4-inch (6.4 mm) capital letter "V" with serifs which, when worn on certain decorations awarded by the United States Armed Forces, distinguishes a decoration awarded for combat valor or heroism from the same decoration being awarded for a member's actions under circumstances other than combat.

The decorations with which a "V" may be authorized differ among the military services, as well as the manner in which the "V" is worn and the name by which it is referred to. Until 2017, each service also used different criteria in determining whether a "V" could be authorized.
Thereuodon
Thereuodon is a genus of extinct mammal known from the Early Cretaceous of southern England, Morocco and France. The type species, named by Denise Sigogneau-Russell in 1989 for teeth from the earliest Cretaceous Ksar Metlili Formation of Morocco, is Thereuodon dahmani, while the referred species named by Sigogneau-Russell and Paul Ensom for teeth from the Lulworth Formation of England is Thereuodon taraktes. The two species are separated by a break in the cingulum in T. dahmani, a more obtuse medial crest in T. taraktes, a duller stylocone in T. taraktes, a "c" cuspule in T. dahmani, and a reduced facet A in T. taraktes. The genus Thereuodon is the only taxon in the symmetrodont family Thereuodontidae, which may be closely related to Spalacotheriidae. A tooth referred to  T. cf. taraktes is known from the Berriasian aged Angeac-Charente bonebed of France.

1989 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1989.
Colpo di fulmine (song)
"Colpo di fulmine" (transl. "Love at first sight", lit. "Lightning strike") is a 2008 song composed by Gianna Nannini and performed by Giò Di Tonno and Lola Ponce. It won the 58th edition of the Sanremo Music Festival.

Lola Ponce
Paola Fabiana "Lola" Ponce (Latin American Spanish pronunciation: [ˈlola ˈponse]; born 25 June 1982) is an Argentine singer and actress.

Ponce made her breakthrough in Argentina and Latin America with her debut album Inalcanzable, which was released in 2001. She also earned a great popularity in Italy, after starring in musical Notre-Dame de Paris in Verona. Ponce has since released two more albums—Fearless (2004) and Il diario di Lola (2008)—and has performed in Spanish, Italian and English. In 2008, along with Giò Di Tonno, she won the Sanremo Festival with the song "Colpo di fulmine".
She has performed in several concerts with Andrea Bocelli and Riccardo Cocciante.
Sport in Samoa
The main sports played in Samoa are rugby union and rugby league. Other popular sports are netball and soccer. Samoans in American Samoa are more likely to follow or play American sports such as American football, basketball, and baseball. Sports such as mixed martial arts, boxing, professional wrestling, and volleyball are popular among most ethnic Samoans regardless of location.

World MMA Awards
The World MMA Awards are awards presented by Fighters Only magazine to honor exceptional performance in various aspects of mixed martial arts. Winners are presented with the Fighters Only silver statuette. The World MMA Awards are divided into over twenty categories. The first World MMA Awards ceremony was held in 2008. From their inception to the present, award winners have been chosen through online fan voting. It is the most prestigious award event in the world of MMA.
Agathoclea
Agathoclea Theotropus (Ancient Greek: Ἀγαθόκλεια Θεότροπος, romanized: Agathokleia Theotropos; the epithet possibly means the Goddess-like) was an Indo-Greek queen married to Menander I, who ruled in parts of northern India in the 2nd-century BC as regent for her son Strato I. Born in Bactria, likely to a noble family (probably royal) with some authors such as Tarn alleging she was a daughter of Eucratides, however this is uncertain and Tarn is often criticised by modern authors for casually creating dynastic relationships. Nonetheless, Agathoclea would become one of the first woman ruler in the Hellenistic world, and she seems to have been relatively significant due to her large presence on the coins of Strato I.

William Woodthorpe Tarn
Sir William Woodthorpe Tarn (26 February 1869 – 7 November 1957) was a British classical scholar and writer. He wrote extensively on the Hellenistic world, particularly on Alexander the Great's empire and its successor states.
Dedza Prison
Dedza Prison is the prison located in the town of Dedza, in the central region of Malawi, at the foot of Dedza Mountain (7,211 feet or 2,198 meters). The prison was built to provide a secure and safe environment for prisoners, offer rehabilitation programs and vocational training, and prepare inmates for reintegration into society on release.

Dedza Mountain
Dedza Mountain is a mountain in central Malawi. It is located in Dedza District, just north of the town of Dedza.

Dedza Mountain's peak reaches 2198 meters elevation.

Dedza Mountain Forest Reserve was established in 1926, and covers an area of 2917 ha. Plantations of introduced pine trees cover much of the mountain, but there are remnant patches of native montane evergreen forest near the summit, and riparian forests in ravines. The native forests are home to numerous epiphytic orchids and other species.
Classic Columbia, Okeh and Vocalion: Lester Young with Count Basie (1936–1940)
Classic Columbia, Okeh and Vocalion: Lester Young with Count Basie (1936–1940) 
is a compilation album featuring recordings of some of 1936–1940 sessions by jazz musicians Lester Young and Count Basie. Released by Mosaic Records in 2008, the box set was limited to 5,000 copies. The compilation was reviewed positively by music critics, with most of them commending the artists and their performances, as well as the technical quality of the record.

Count Basie
William James "Count" Basie (/ˈbeɪsi/; August 21, 1904 – April 26, 1984) was an American jazz pianist, organist, bandleader, and composer. In 1935, he formed the Count Basie Orchestra, and in 1936 took them to Chicago for a long engagement and their first recording. He led the group for almost 50 years, creating innovations like the use of two "split" tenor saxophones, emphasizing the rhythm section, riffing with a big band, using arrangers to broaden their sound, his minimalist piano style, and others.

Many musicians came to prominence under his direction, including the tenor saxophonists Lester Young and Herschel Evans, the guitarist Freddie Green, trumpeters Buck Clayton and Harry "Sweets" Edison, plunger trombonist Al Grey, and singers Jimmy Rushing, Helen Humes, Dennis Rowland, Thelma Carpenter, and Joe Williams.

As a composer, Basie is known for writing such jazz standards as "Blue and Sentimental", "Jumpin' at the Woodside" and "One O'Clock Jump".
2014 Kansas Grand Prix
The 2014 Grand Prix of Kansas was a sports car race sanctioned by the International Motor Sports Association (IMSA) held on the Kansas Speedway in Kansas City, Kansas on June 7, 2014. The event served as the sixth of thirteen scheduled rounds of the 2014 United SportsCar Championship.

Le Mans Prototype Challenge
The Le Mans Prototype Challenge (shortened to LMP Challenge or LMPC) was a spec sports prototype formula created by the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO), organisers of the 24 Hours of Le Mans, and sports car constructor Oreca. The formula is intended as part of a ladder system for young and upcoming drivers into the world of endurance racing while also serving as a value engineered entry for drivers and teams into Le Mans Prototypes due to limitations on manufacturers and suppliers.

Initially launched as an independent racing series known as the Formula Le Mans Cup in 2009, the formula has since been expanded to allow participation in three separate series for 2010. The American Le Mans Series used the title Le Mans Prototype Challenge since its inception. The Le Mans Series used the name Formula Le Mans until 2011. All ACO series adopted the name Le Mans Prototype Challenge in 2012.
John Vaughan (died 1574)
John Vaughan (born 1525, died 1574) was a Welsh politician.

He was the eldest son of Hugh Vaughan of Kidwelly.

He was Mayor of Carmarthen in 1554–1555 and 1563–1564, and an alderman in 1555. He was a justice of the peace for Carmarthenshire from 1559 until his death and was appointed High Sheriff of Carmarthenshire for 1562–1563. He was elected a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Carmarthen Boroughs in 1558 and 1571, and Carmarthenshire in 1572.

He married Catherine, the daughter of Henry Morgan of Muddlescwm, with whom he had two sons, Henry and Walter, and one daughter.

Carmarthenshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Carmarthenshire was a parliamentary constituency in Wales which returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom until its representation was increased to two members for the 1832 general election.

At the 1885 general election, it was divided into two new single-member seats: East Carmarthenshire and West Carmarthenshire.
A-262
A-262 is an organophosphate nerve agent. It was developed in the Soviet Union under the FOLIANT program and is one of the group of compounds referred to as Novichok agents that were revealed by Vil Mirzayanov. Mirzayanov gives little specific information about A-262, stating that it is highly toxic, but no figures are given to compare it to other related agents. It is reportedly a solid rather than a volatile liquid as with most nerve agents, and in order to weaponise it successfully, it had to be milled into a fine powder form that could be dispersed as a dust.

Vil Mirzayanov
Vil Sultanovich Mirzayanov  (Russian: Вил Султанович Мирзаянов, Tatar: Вил Солтан улы Мирзаҗанов; born 9 March 1935 in Starokangyshevo, Dyurtyulinsky District, Bashkortostan) is a Russian chemist of ethnic Tatar origin who now lives in the United States, best known for revealing secret chemical weapons experimentation in Russia.
Miss Supranational Nicaragua
Miss Supranational Nicaragua formerly known as Miss Nicaragua Supranational is a national beauty pageant in Nicaragua that celebrates the beauty of women across the country. The pageant was formerly under the Miss Mundo Nicaragua organization just in 2013. Since 2014 until 2022 Nicaragua did not compete in the international pageant. When a new organization got the franchise for Nicaragua in Miss Supranational in 2023 the 1st runner-up of Miss Nicaragua 2021 Katherine Burgos was appointment to represent the country in Poland, however the organization cancelled the pageant and Denis Dávila from Miss Mundo Nicaragua get the franchise back.

In 2024 the Miss Supranational Nicaragua celebrates the first edition of the pageant including delegates from Managua, Jinotega, Chontales and others departments in the country. The reigning Miss Supranational Nicaragua 2025 is Maycrin Jáenz from Granada. She will represent Nicaragua at Miss Supranational 2025 in Poland.

Miss Supranational 2025
Miss Supranational 2025 was the 16th edition of the Miss Supranational pageant, held at the Strzelecki Park Amphitheater in Nowy Sącz, Poland, on 27 June 2025.

Harashta Haifa Zahra of Indonesia crowned Eduarda Braum of Brazil as her successor at the end of the event. This is Brazil's first title in the pageant's history.
Harmodius and Aristogeiton
Harmodius (Greek: Ἁρμόδιος, Harmódios) and Aristogeiton (Ἀριστογείτων, Aristogeíton; both died 514 BC) were two lovers in Classical Athens who became known as the Tyrannicides (τυραννόκτονοι, tyrannoktonoi) for their assassination of Hipparchus, the brother of the tyrant Hippias, for which they were executed. A few years later, in 510 BC, the Spartan king Cleomenes I forced Hippias to go into exile, thereby opening the way to the subsequent democratic reforms of Cleisthenes. The Athenian democrats later celebrated Harmodius and Aristogeiton as national heroes, partially to conceal the role played by Sparta in the removal of the Athenian tyranny. Cleisthenes notably commissioned the famous statues of the Tyrannicides.

Myrtus
Myrtus (commonly called   myrtle) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Myrtaceae. It was first described by Swedish botanist Linnaeus in 1753.

Over 600 names have been proposed in the genus, but nearly all have either been moved to other genera or been regarded as synonyms. Two species are currently accepted:

Myrtus communis L. – Common myrtle; native to the Mediterranean region in southern Europe

Myrtus nivellei Batt. & Trab. – Saharan myrtle; native to the Saharan mountains of northern Africa
Melichrus gibberagee
Melichrus gibberagee, commonly known as narrow-leaf melichrus, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae and is endemic to a restricted part of eastern Australia. It is a small shrub with compact, narrow, more or less erect, sharply-pointed leaves, white or yellowish flowers and more or less spherical, red drupes.

Ericaceae
The Ericaceae (/ˌɛrɪˈkeɪsi.aɪ, -iː/) are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with about 4,250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it the 14th most speciose family of flowering plants. The many well known and economically important members of the Ericaceae include the cranberry, blueberry, huckleberry, rhododendron (including azaleas), and various common heaths and heathers (Erica, Cassiope, Daboecia, and Calluna for example).
Gerhard VII, Duke of Jülich-Berg
Gerhard VII, Duke of Jülich-Berg (c. 1416 – 19 August 1475) was the son of William VIII of Jülich, Count of Ravensberg and Adelheid of Tecklenburg.  Gerhard was the second duke of the combined Duchy of Jülich-Berg but the 7th Gerhard in the House of Jülich.

Upon his father's death in 1428, Gerhard became Count of Ravensberg.  In 1437, his uncle Adolf died without heirs and Gerhard inherited his title as Duke of Jülich-Berg.  Gerhard continued his uncle's fight for the dukedom of Guelders, supported by King Albert II of Germany.  In 1444 he won the Battle of Linnich but was unable to prevail in his fight for Guelders and ultimately sold his claim to Burgundy and acquired Blankenheim-Löwenberg and Heinsberg from Guelders.  He was increasingly unable to govern his territories after 1461. His spouse Sophie of Saxe-Lauenburg then wielded regency for him.

Saxe-Lauenburg
The Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg (German: Herzogtum Sachsen-Lauenburg, Danish: Hertugdømmet Sachsen-Lauenborg), was a reichsfrei duchy that existed from 1296 to 1803 and again from 1814 to 1876 in the extreme southeast region of what is now Schleswig-Holstein. Its territorial centre was in the modern district of Herzogtum Lauenburg and originally its eponymous capital was Lauenburg upon Elbe, though the capital moved to Ratzeburg in 1619.
Lorenz van Steenwinckel
Lorenz van Steenwinckel (1585–1619) was a Flemish-Danish architect and sculptor, son of Hans van Steenwinckel the Elder and brother of Hans van Steenwinckel the Younger. From 1613, he was responsible for numerous projects commissioned by Christian IV. Christian IV's Chapel at Roskilde Cathedral and the Stock Exchange in Copenhagen were among his many projects underway when he died in 1619, only 34 years old. The projects were completed by his brother Hans van Steenwinckel.

Christian IV of Denmark
Christian IV (12 April 1577 – 28 February 1648) was King of Denmark and Norway and Duke of Holstein and Schleswig from 1588 until his death in 1648. His reign of 59 years and 330 days is the longest of any Scandinavian monarch.

A member of the House of Oldenburg, Christian began his personal rule of Denmark-Norway in 1596 at the age of 19. He is remembered as one of the most popular, ambitious, and proactive Danish-Norwegian kings, having initiated many reforms and projects. Christian IV obtained for his kingdoms a level of stability and wealth that was virtually unmatched elsewhere in Europe. He engaged Denmark-Norway in numerous wars, most notably the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), which devastated much of Germany, undermined the Danish economy, and cost Denmark-Norway some of its conquered territories.
He rebuilt and renamed the Norwegian capital Oslo as Christiania after himself, a name used until 1925.
Fatehpur Bhagwan
Fatehpur Bhagwan is a village in Shahkot in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 19 kilometres (12 mi) from Shahkot, 41.4 kilometres (25.7 mi) from Nakodar, 54.7 kilometres (34.0 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 192 kilometres (119 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Jalandhar
Jalandhar (IPA: /d͡ʒəːləndə̀ɾᵊ/) is a city in the state of Punjab in India. With a considerable population, it ranks as the third most-populous city in the state and is the largest city in the Doaba region. Jalandhar lies alongside the historical Grand Trunk Road and is a well-connected junction for both rail and road networks. The National Highway 1 (NH1), crosses Jalandhar, further enhancing its connectivity.
Difficult Creek Natural Area Preserve
Difficult Creek Natural Area Preserve is an 819-acre (3.31 km2) Natural Area Preserve located in Halifax County, Virginia. The preserve aims to restore a portion of Virginia's southern Piedmont to pre-settlement conditions, when the region was dominated by savannas maintained through a natural fire regime. These savannas featured open, prairie-like areas with scattered pines and hardwoods. Management of the preserve includes utilizing prescribed burns and removing loblolly pine plantations to restore the former landscape. Several rare plants, remnants of the original prairie vegetation, survived by colonizing roadsides and power lines; these plants are now protected and encouraged within the preserve.

The preserve is owned and maintained by the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, and is open to the public. The preserve includes about two miles (3.2 km) of fire breaks which may be used by hikers.

Fire regime
A fire regime is the pattern, frequency, and intensity of the bushfires and wildfires that prevail in an area over long periods of time. It is an integral part of fire ecology, and renewal for certain types of ecosystems. A fire regime describes the spatial and temporal patterns and ecosystem impacts of fire on the landscape, and provides an integrative approach to identifying the impacts of fire at an ecosystem or landscape level. If fires are too frequent, plants may be killed before they have matured, or before they have set sufficient seed to ensure population recovery. If fires are too infrequent, plants may mature, senesce, and die without ever releasing their seed.

Fire regimes can change with the spatial and temporal variations in topography, climate, and fuel. Understanding the historic fire regime is important for understanding and predicting future fire regime changes and the interactions between fire and climates.
The Life of Stuff
The Life of Stuff is a play by Simon Donald. It premiered at the Traverse Theatre in Edinburgh in 1992 before transferring the following year to the Donmar Warehouse in London.

A movie version in 1997 was directed by Donald himself and starred Gina McKee and Ciarán Hinds. In 2013, it was revived at the Theatre503 in Battersea, London.

Donmar Warehouse
The Donmar Warehouse is a 251-seat, not-for-profit Off-West End theatre in Covent Garden, London, England. It first opened on 18 July 1977.

Sam Mendes, Michael Grandage, Josie Rourke and Michael Longhurst have all served as artistic director, a post held since March 2024 by Tim Sheader. The theatre produces new writing, contemporary reappraisals of European classics, British and American drama and small-scale musical theatre.

As well as presenting at least six productions a year at its home in Covent Garden, as well transferring shows to the West End, Broadway and elsewhere.
American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
The American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) is one of the world's largest professional associations for medical specialists, with nearly 12,000 specialists in the area of otolaryngology (otorhinolaryngology) - caring for the ears, nose, and throat and surgery of the head and neck. The medical disorders treated by these physicians are among the most common that afflict all Americans, young and old. They include chronic ear infection, sinusitis, snoring and sleep apnea, hearing loss, allergies and hay fever, swallowing disorders, nosebleeds, hoarseness, dizziness, and head and neck cancer.

Otorhinolaryngology
Otorhinolaryngology (/oʊtoʊˌraɪnoʊˌlærɪnˈɡɒlədʒi/ oh-toh-RY-noh-LARR-in-GOL-ə-jee, abbreviated ORL and also known as otolaryngology, otolaryngology – head and neck surgery (ORL–H&N or OHNS), or ear, nose, and throat (ENT) ) is a surgical subspecialty within medicine that deals with the surgical and medical management of conditions of the head and neck. Doctors who specialize in this area are called otorhinolaryngologists, otolaryngologists, head and neck surgeons, or ENT surgeons or physicians.

Patients seek treatment from an otorhinolaryngologist for diseases of the ear, nose, throat, base of the skull, head, and neck. These commonly include functional diseases that affect the senses and activities of eating, drinking, speaking, breathing, swallowing, and hearing. In addition, ENT surgery encompasses the surgical management of cancers and benign tumors and reconstruction of the head and neck as well as plastic surgery of the face, scalp, and neck.