hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grozny OMON friendly fire incident
The Grozny OMON friendly fire incident took place on March 2, 2000, when an OMON (Russian special-purpose police) unit from Podolsk, supported by paramilitary police from the Sverdlovsk Oblast in armored vehicles, opened friendly fire on a motorized column of OMON from Sergiyev Posad (Moscow Oblast), which had just arrived in Chechnya to replace them.

Up to 37 were killed and more than 30 injured in friendly fire between the Russian units. Chechen rebels, allegedly helped by the local militia, were initially blamed for the attack, but independent journalists uncovered the facts, forcing the authorities to admit the truth.

Podolsk
Podolsk (Russian: Подольск, IPA: [pɐˈdolʲsk]) is an industrial city, center of Podolsk Urban Okrug, Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the Pakhra River (a tributary of the Moskva River). Its population is 314,934 (2021 census).
Texas and Pacific Railway
The Texas and Pacific Railway Company (known as the T&P) was created by federal charter in 1871 with the purpose of building a southern transcontinental railroad between Marshall, Texas, and San Diego, California. However its lines never went west of El Paso, near where in 1881 it connected to the Southern Pacific line to California.

Glossary of rail transport terms
Rail transport terms are a form of technical terminology applied to railways. Although many terms are uniform across different nations and companies, they are by no means universal, with differences often originating from parallel development of rail transport systems in different parts of the world, and in the national origins of the engineers and managers who built the inaugural rail infrastructure. An example is the term railroad, used (but not exclusively) in North America, and railway, generally used in English-speaking countries outside North America and by the International Union of Railways. In English-speaking countries outside the United Kingdom, a mixture of US and UK terms may exist.

Various terms, both global and specific to individual countries, are listed here. The abbreviation "UIC" refers to terminology adopted by the International Union of Railways in its official publications and thesaurus.
Quincy Dredge Number Two
The Quincy Dredge Number Two (previously known as the Calumet and Hecla Dredge Number One) is a dredge currently sunk in shallow water in Torch Lake, across M-26 from the Quincy Mining Company Stamp Mills Historic District and just east of Mason in Osceola Township.  It was constructed to reclaim stamping sand from the lake for further processing, and was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1978.

Quincy Mining Company Stamp Mills Historic District
The Quincy Mining Company Stamp Mills Historic District is a historic stamp mill (used to crush copper-bearing rock, separating the copper ore from surrounding rock) located on M-26 near Torch Lake, just east of Mason in Osceola Township.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.
Redwood Creek (Marin County)
Redwood Creek is a mostly perennial stream in Marin County, California.  4.7 miles (7.6 km) long, it drains a 7-square-mile (18 km2) watershed which includes the Muir Woods National Monument, and reaches the Pacific Ocean north of the Golden Gate at Muir Beach.

Threatened species
A threatened species is any species (including animals, plants and fungi) which is vulnerable to extinction in the near future. Species that are threatened are sometimes characterised by the population dynamics measure of critical depensation, a mathematical measure of biomass related to population growth rate. This quantitative metric is one method of evaluating the degree of endangerment without direct reference to human activity.
Barrington Moore Sr.
Barrington Moore Sr. (25 September 1883–1966) was an American forester and forestry researcher. He served as the fourth president of the Ecological Society of America and as the first editor-in-chief of its journal, Ecology. Moore chaired the Society of American Foresters' (SAF) Committee on Forest Policy, served as editor-in-chief of its Journal of Forestry, and represented the society on the National Research Council's biology division. Moore also served as secretary of the Council on National Parks, Forests, and Wildlife and as associate curator of woods and forestry at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City.

Journal of Forestry
The Journal of Forestry is the primary scholarly journal of the Society of American Foresters. It aims to advance the forestry profession by keeping professional foresters informed about developments and ideas related to the practice of forestry. The journal publishes editorials and technical content related to the management of forests and related natural resources. Articles are generally written for an audience of natural resources professionals, with topics spanning the many facets or disciplines of forestry. The Journal is currently edited by Keith A. Blatner.  According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2018 impact factor is 2.675.
Volkswagen Taigo
The Volkswagen Taigo is a subcompact crossover SUV (B-segment) with a sloping roofline manufactured by the German automaker Volkswagen. Based on the Mk6 Polo, the Taigo is built on the Volkswagen Group MQB A0 platform.

The vehicle was first released as the Volkswagen Nivus, which was unveiled in May 2020 in Brazil. It has been launched in other South American markets in 2021, and was released in Europe in July 2021 as the Taigo. It is positioned alongside the T-Cross in the European market, and below the T-Cross in South America.

Euro NCAP
The European New Car Assessment Programme (Euro NCAP) is a European voluntary car safety performance assessment programme (i.e. a New Car Assessment Program) based in Leuven, Belgium. Formed in 1996, the first results were released in February 1997. It was originally started by the Transport Research Laboratory for the UK Department for Transport but later backed by several European governments, as well as by the European Union (EU). Their slogan is "For Safer Cars".
Qin Hui (historian)
Qin Hui (Chinese: 秦晖; pinyin: Qín Huī; born December 1953) is a Chinese historian and public intellectual. He previously held the position of Professor of History, Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing. He is now an adjunct professor in the Department of Government and Public Administration, at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.

Chinese University of Hong Kong
The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) is a public university in Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong.

Established in 1963 as a federation of three colleges – Chung Chi College, New Asia College, and United College, it is Hong Kong's second-oldest university, with the first being the University of Hong Kong. Predecessors of the university included St. John's University, Lingnan University and Yenching University, alongside 10 other Christian universities in China.

The university is organised into nine constituent colleges and eight academic faculties, and remains the only collegiate university in Hong Kong. The university operates in both English and Chinese.

Four Nobel laureates are associated with the university, and it is the only tertiary institution in Hong Kong with recipients of the Nobel Prize, Turing Award, Fields Medal, and Veblen Prize sitting as faculty in residence.
John Weir House
The John Weir House is a historic house located at 715 N. Main St. in Edwardsville, Illinois. Built in 1836, the house is the second-oldest in Edwardsville after the Benjamin Stephenson House. The two-and-one-half story brick house is designed in the Federal style. The front facade of the house has five bays with a central entrance; the entrance is surrounded by a fan light and an arched lintel. The house's gable roof features three dormers on either side, chimneys at either end, and a brick cornice on the rear edge. Dr. John Weir, the owner of the house, ran his doctor's office in the house with his son Edward until the former's death in 1878. In 1963, the Madison County Historical Society purchased the house and converted it to a museum.

The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 9, 1983.

Fanlight
A fanlight is a form of lunette window (transom window), often semicircular or semi-elliptical in shape, with glazing bars or tracery sets radiating out like an open fan. It is placed over another window or a doorway, and is sometimes hinged to a transom. The bars in the fixed glazed window spread out in the manner of a sunburst. It is also called a sunburst light. In federation housing it is also called a toplight or top light.
Pattimattom
Pattimattom also called Kaithakadu  is a village in Kunnathunadu, Ernakulam district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is situated 17 km northwest of Muvattupuzha at the junction of Kolenchery-Perumbavoor Road and SH41 Palarivattom-Muvattupuzha Road.
It is one of the main parts of Perumbavoor, situated in the middle of both Perumbavoor and Kolenchery.

Kolenchery
Kolenchery is a town in the Poothrikka gram panchayat in Ernakulam district, Kerala. Located on National Highway 85, Kolenchery is situated 3 km (1.9 mi) from Poothrikka and 20 km (12 mi) from Kochi. There have been plans to include Kolenchery as part of the Kochi metropolitan area.

The name of the place originates from St. Peter's and St. Paul's Orthodox Syrian Church or 'Kolenchery Church', which is an ancient and historic church at Kolenchery built by Thankan Mappila of the Kolenchery House in 9th century CE (7th century in Malayalam Calendar).  The Tomb of Mar Thoma VII, the 7th Malankara Metropolitan, is situated in this historical Church.

St. Peter's College in the town has conducted botanical research.
Troglocaris anophthalmus
Troglocaris anophthalmus is a species of freshwater shrimp in the family Atyidae. It lives in karstic caves in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy and Slovenia. Although morphologically similar across its 500-kilometre (310 mi) range, molecular phylogenetics suggests that there are four or five cryptic lineages with more restricted ranges, although one such lineage does range unusually widely for a troglobite – over 300 kilometres (190 mi).

Like other underground-living animals, this shrimp lacks pigment (appearing whitish) and eyes. The carapace length is typically about 0.5–0.9 cm (0.20–0.35 in).

It was originally described by Vincenz Kollar as Palaemon anophtalmus (a misspelling of "anophthalmus"), but this name was considered to be a nomen nudum for a long time. This name is, however, accompanied by a description, and predates Dormitzer's junior synonym Troglocaris schmidtii.

Troglofauna
Troglofauna are small cave-dwelling animals that have adapted to their dark surroundings. Troglofauna and stygofauna are the two types of subterranean fauna (based on life-history). Both are associated with subterranean environments – troglofauna are associated with caves and spaces above the water table and stygofauna with water. Troglofaunal species include spiders, insects, myriapods and others. Some troglofauna live permanently underground and cannot survive outside the cave environment. Troglofauna adaptations and characteristics include a heightened sense of hearing, touch and smell. Loss of under-used senses is apparent in the lack of pigmentation as well as eyesight in most troglofauna. Troglofauna insects may exhibit longer appendages and a lack of wings.
Digital Currency Group
Digital Currency Group Inc. (DCG) is a venture capital company focusing on the digital currency market. It is located in Stamford, Connecticut. The company has the subsidiaries Foundry, Grayscale Investments, and Luno. It also formerly owned CoinDesk and Genesis.

Blockchain analysis
Blockchain analysis is the process of inspecting, identifying, clustering, modeling and visually representing data on a cryptographic distributed-ledger known as a blockchain. The goal of blockchain analysis is to discover useful information about different actors transacting in cryptocurrency. Analysis of public blockchains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum is typically conducted by private companies like Arkham Intelligence, Chainalysis, TRM Labs, Elliptic, Nansen, Blockpliance, Elementus, Dune Analytics, CryptoQuant, and Ormi Labs.
Biz Mackey
James Raleigh "Biz" Mackey (July 27, 1897 – September 22, 1965) was an American catcher and manager in Negro league baseball. He played for the Indianapolis ABCs, New York Lincoln Giants, Hilldale Daisies, Philadelphia Royal Giants, Philadelphia Stars, Washington / Baltimore Elite Giants, and Newark Dodgers / Eagles.

Mackey was regarded as black baseball's premier catcher in the late 1920s and early 1930s. His superior defense and outstanding throwing arm were complemented by batting skill which placed him among the Negro leagues' all-time leaders in total bases, runs batted in and slugging percentage, while hitting over .300 for his career. Mackey was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006.

Baltimore Elite Giants
The Baltimore Elite Giants were a professional baseball team that played in the Negro leagues from 1920 to 1950. The team was established by Thomas T. Wilson, in Nashville, Tennessee as the semi-pro Nashville Standard Giants on March 26, 1920. The team was renamed the Elite Giants in 1921, and moved to Baltimore, Maryland in 1938, where the team remained for the duration of their existence. The team and its fans pronounced the word "Elite" as "EE-light".
Just Kickin' It
"Just Kickin' It" is a song by American R&B group Xscape. Written and produced by Jermaine Dupri and Manuel Seal, It was released in August 1993 by So So Def and Columbia Records, as Xscape's first single from the group's debut album, Hummin' Comin' at 'Cha (1993). The single became the group's most commercially successful hit, peaking at number one on the US Cash Box Top 100, number two on the US Billboard Hot 100, and number one on the Billboard Hot R&B Singles chart. Its accompanying music video was nominated for Best New Artist Clip of the Year in the category for R&B/Urban at the 1994 Billboard Music Video Awards.

Manuel Seal
Manuel Lonnie Seal, Jr. (born September 26, 1960) is an American multi-instrumentalist, record producer, composer, singer, songwriter, vocal coach, and arranger. He has been credited, often in tandem with Jermaine Dupri, on releases by Mariah Carey, Janet Jackson, Usher, TLC, Aretha Franklin, Xscape, Cherish, Tyrese, Alicia Keys, Gerald Levert, Marc Dorsey and Destiny's Child, among others.

Seal has won a Grammy Award from 13 nominations.
Bill Miller (umpire)
William Scott Miller (born May 31, 1967) is an American Major League Baseball umpire who began his career in the American League in 1997. Miller wears number 26. He has been a crew chief since the 2014 season.

Umpire (baseball)
In baseball, the umpire is the person charged with officiating the game, including beginning and ending the game, enforcing the rules of the game and the grounds, making judgment calls on plays, and handling disciplinary actions. The term is often shortened to the colloquial form ump. They are also sometimes nicknamed blue due to the traditional color of the uniform worn by umpires. Although games were often officiated by a sole umpire in the formative years of the sport, since the turn of the 20th century, officiating has been commonly divided among several umpires, who form the umpiring crew.  The position is analogous to that of a referee in many other sports.
Mir Najaf Ali Khan
Nawab Mir Najaf Ali Khan is a grandson of the last Nizam of Hyderabad, Mir Osman Ali Khan and is a prominent figure known for heritage conservation, social initiatives, and legal representation of the Nizam's descendants.

He is an enthusiast of the Heritage of Hyderabad, and has also criticized the Government of Telangana regarding the negligence of several heritage structures and hospitals built by the 7th Nizam – Mir Osman Ali Khan especially the Osmania General Hospital (OGH), which is going to be demolished as it has become irreparable due to decades of negligence. His diverse involvement reflects his commitment to heritage, legal advocacy, social causes, political engagement, and the preservation of the Nizam's legacy.

Government of Telangana
The Government of Telangana is the  governing authority of the state of Telangana in India. It consists of an executive, a judiciary and a legislative.

The state government is headed by the Governor of Telangana as the nominal head of state, with a democratically elected Chief Minister as the real head of the executive. The governor who is appointed for five years appoints the chief minister and his council of ministers. Even though the governor remains the ceremonial head of the state, the day-to-day running of the government is taken care of by the chief minister and his council of ministers in whom a great deal of legislative powers are vested. The state government maintains its capital at Hyderabad and is seated at the Government Secretariat or the Sachivalayam.

The Government of Telangana was formed on 2 June 2014 after bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh as part of Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014.
Andrés Cruz Carrasco
Andrés Cruz Carrasco (born 4 June 1973) is a Chilean lawyer. He served as a member of the Constitutional Convention, representing the 20th electoral district of the Biobío Region.

From 2001 to 2011, he served in the Public Prosecutor’s Office in Curicó, Coyhaique, Coronel, and Talcahuano, holding positions as Assistant Prosecutor, Deputy Prosecutor, and Chief Prosecutor of the last city.

Since 2016, he has collaborated with the citizen newspaper La Ventana Ciudadana and with Diario de Concepción.

Curicó
Curicó (Spanish pronunciation: [kuri'ko]) is a city located in Chile's central valley and serves as the capital of the Curicó Province, which is part of the Maule Region. Positioned between the provinces of Colchagua and Talca, the region stretches from the Pacific Ocean to the border with Argentina.

The city is known for its distinctive products such as cakes, fruits, cement, sugar, tomato sauce, and high-quality export wines. It serves as a major service hub in the central region and is considered Chile's agro-industrial capital due to its consistent economic growth.
2nd California Cavalry Regiment
The 2nd Regiment California Volunteer Cavalry was a cavalry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It spent its entire term of service in the western United States, with most of its companies dispersed to various posts.

Colusa, California
Colusa is a city in and the county seat of Colusa County, California, located in the Sacramento Valley region of the Central Valley. The population was 6,411 at the 2020 census, up from 5,971 at the 2010 census. Colusa originates from the local Coru Native American tribe, who in the 1840s lived on the opposite side of the Sacramento River.
Stenoponia americana
Stenoponia americana is a species of large flea in the family Hystrichopsyllidae. It is widespread in North America east of the Great Plains and is found mainly on rodents, notably deermice (Peromyscus) and voles (Microtus). In Missouri, it has been recorded on the fox squirrel (Sciurus niger), brush mouse (Peromyscus boylii), cotton mouse (Peromyscus gossypinus), prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster; nest only), woodland vole (Microtus pinetorum), and white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus). Hosts recorded in Tennessee include the northern short-tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda), woodland vole, white-footed mouse, hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus), marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris), and house mouse (Mus musculus). In South Carolina, recorded hosts include the cotton mouse, hispid cotton rat, and marsh rice rat.

House mouse
The house mouse (Mus musculus) is a small mammal of the rodent family Muridae, characteristically having a pointed snout, large rounded ears, and a long and almost hairless tail. It is one of the most abundant species of the genus Mus. Although a wild animal, the house mouse has benefited significantly from associating with human habitation to the point that truly wild populations are significantly less common than the synanthropic populations near human activity.

The house mouse has been domesticated as the pet or fancy mouse, and as the laboratory mouse, which is one of the most important model organisms in biology and medicine. The complete mouse reference genome was sequenced in 2002.
Louis Weinstein
Louis Weinstein (February 26, 1908 – March 16, 2000) was an American infectious diseases physician, microbiologist, and educator. He was a pioneer in the modern field of infectious disease treatment, having started his career before antibiotics and vaccines became widely available. Over his career he taught at the three medical schools in Boston: Boston University School of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, and Harvard Medical School, making him one of the few doctors to do so. During his lifetime, he wrote or co-wrote more than 400 articles published in professional journals.

Infectious diseases (medical specialty)
Infectious diseases (ID), also known as infectiology, is a medical specialty dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of infections. An infectious diseases specialist's practice consists of managing nosocomial (healthcare-acquired) infections or community-acquired infections. An ID specialist investigates and determines the cause of a disease (bacteria, virus, parasite, fungus or prions). Once the cause is known, an ID specialist can then run various tests to determine the best drug to treat the disease. While infectious diseases have always been around, the infectious disease specialty did not exist until the late 1900s after scientists and physicians in the 19th century paved the way with research on the sources of infectious disease and the development of vaccines.
Colwick marshalling yard
Colwick marshalling yard, also known as Colwick sidings, was a large railway marshalling yard in Netherfield, Nottingham designed for the concentration of coal traffic from the Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Coalfield for transfer to other marshalling yards in London. It was built by the Great Northern Railway in the triangle formed by the Nottingham-Grantham line, and the Nottingham-Derby line, close to what would become Netherfield and Colwick station. It was built in stages from 1872 and was closed by British Railways in April 1970. The site has now been developed as the Victoria Retail Park.

Netherfield railway station
Netherfield railway station (originally opened as Colwick and later known as Netherfield and Colwick) serves the town of Netherfield in the Borough of Gedling in Nottinghamshire, England. It comprises a single island platform with two tracks, with only a single waiting shelter. Access is via a flight of steps down from Chaworth Road, which crosses the line at a bridge at this point.

The station is little-used in comparison with nearby Carlton railway station on the Nottingham to Lincoln Line, which lies barely 460 yards (420 m) away.