hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Repatriation of Poles (1955–1959)
The second wave of forced repatriation (or deportation) of Poles living in the territories annexed by the Soviet Union (known as Kresy Wschodnie) took place in 1955–1959. The widely used term repatriation, promoted by decades of Polish communist propaganda, is a euphemism for acts of expatriation. It is sometimes known as the "second repatriation", to distinguish it from the repatriation in 1944–1946.

Euphemism
contraceptives

menstrual pads and tampons

adult diapers

A euphemism is the substitution of a potentially offensive or unpleasant word or expression with one that is more pleasant or inoffensive. Some euphemisms are humorous, while others use mild or neutral language to downplay certain concepts. They can often be used to soften profanity or discuss sensitive or taboo topics, such as disability, sex, bodily functions, pain, violence, illness, or death, in a more polite manner.
Donald Fiedler
Donald Bruce Fiedler (February 2, 1943 - May 15, 2008) was an American cannabis rights activist. In 1989, he succeeded Jon Gettman as the executive director of NORML. He held that position until 1991 when he was replaced by Richard Cowan. He died at the age of 65 on Thursday May 15, 2008.

Cannabis rights
Cannabis rights or marijuana rights (sometimes more specifically cannabis consumer rights or stoner rights) are individual civil rights that vary by jurisdiction. The rights of people who consume cannabis include the right to be free from employment discrimination and housing discrimination.

Anti-cannabis laws include civil infractions and fines, imprisonment, and even the death penalty.
British Rail Class 444
The British Rail Class 444 Desiro (5-DES) is a third-rail electric multiple-unit passenger train built by Siemens Transportation Systems in Austria between 2002 and 2004. The Class 444 currently operate on express passenger services for South Western Railway.

The class first entered service with South West Trains in 2004.

Southern Railway multiple unit numbering and classification
The Southern Railway created classification and numbering systems for its large fleet of electric multiple units, perpetuated by the Southern Region of British Rail until the early 1980s, when the impact of TOPS was felt. Some stock is still allocated Southern-style classifications in a semi-official manner.
Jane Adams (camogie)
Jane Adams is an Irish camogie player, winner of an All-Star award in 2008, a Lynchpin award, predecessor of the All Star awards, in 2003. and an Intermediate Soaring Star award in 2011. She was Ulster camogie player of the year three times. She captained Antrim to the All-Ireland Junior Camogie Championship in 2010.

Camogie
Camogie (/kəˈmoʊɡi/ ⓘ kə-MOH-ghee; Irish: camógaíocht [kəˈmˠoːɡiːxt̪ˠ]) is an Irish stick-and-ball team sport played by women. It is played by 100,000 women in Ireland and worldwide, largely among Irish communities.

A variant of the game hurling (which is played by men only), it is organised by the Dublin-based Camogie Association (An Cumann Camógaíochta). The annual All Ireland Camogie Championship has a record attendance of 33,154, while average attendances in recent years are in the range of 15,000 to 18,000. The final is broadcast live, with a television audience of over 300,000.

UNESCO lists Camogie as an element of Intangible Cultural Heritage. The game is referred to in Waiting for Godot by Irish playwright Samuel Beckett and in 'Fair Play' a detective novel by Irish author Louise Hegarty.
Omar El-Sammany
Omar El Sammany  (عمر السماني, born 22 August 1978) is an Egyptian male water polo player. He was a member of the Egypt men's national water polo team, playing as a driver. He was a part of the  team at the 2004 Summer Olympics. On club level he played for Al Ahly in Egypt.

Water polo at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
38°2′13.5″N 23°47′2.9″E﻿ / ﻿38.037083°N 23.784139°E﻿ / 38.037083; 23.784139

The men's tournament of water polo at the 2004 Summer Olympics at Athens, Greece, began on August 15 and lasted until August 29, 2004.
Morgaushsky District
Morgaushsky District (Russian: Морга́ушский райо́н; Chuvash: Муркаш районӗ,  Murkaş rayonĕ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic and borders with the Mari El Republic in the north, Cheboksarsky District in the east, Alikovsky District in the south, and with Yadrinsky District in the west. The area of the district is 845.3 square kilometers (326.4 sq mi).  Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Morgaushi. Population:  34,884 (2010 Census); 37,127 (2002 Census); 38,465 (1989 Soviet census).

Mari El
Mari El, officially the Mari El Republic, is a republic of Russia. It is in the European region of the country, along the northern bank of the Volga River, and administratively part of the Volga Federal District. The republic has a population of 696,459 (2010 Census). Yoshkar-Ola is the capital and largest city.

Mari El, one of Russia's ethnic republics, was established for the indigenous Mari people, a Finno-Ugric nation who have traditionally lived along the Volga and Kama Rivers. The majority of the republic's population are ethnic Russians (52.5%), with a significant Mari minority (40.1%), and smaller minority populations of Tatars and Chuvash. The official languages are Russian and Mari. Mari El is bordered by Nizhny Novgorod Oblast to the west, Kirov Oblast to the north, Tatarstan to the east, and Chuvashia to the south.
Taiba al-Mawali
Taiba bint Mohammad al-Mawali is an Omani politician. In 1994, she and Shakour bint Mohammed al-Ghamari were indirectly elected to the Consultative Assembly, becoming the first women in the Parliament of Oman.

Consultative Assembly (Oman)
The Consultative Assembly (Arabic: مجلس الشورى; transcription: Majlis al-Shura) is the lower house of the Council of Oman. It is the only legislative body in Oman of which all members are democratically elected. The other chamber of the parliament is the Council of State (Majlis al-Dawla).

The assembly consists of 90 elected members. Each wilayah (province) in Oman is entitled to at least one representative in the assembly. Provinces with a population of 30,000 or above are represented by two members, while provinces with fewer than 30,000 inhabitants are represented by only one member. The winning candidates are the ones who obtain the higher number of votes according to the official election results. Oman does not allow political parties; thus, only non-partisans have been elected.
Andrea Muraro
Andrea Muraro (born 10 August 1971) is an Italian former rugby union international.

Muraro, born in Conselve, Veneto, was a professional rugby player with Petrarca Padova. A prop, he competed for Italy between 2000 and 2002, gaining a total of 13 caps. He was later the head coach of Udine.

Petrarca Rugby
Petrarca Rugby is a professional rugby union club from Padua, Italy, currently competing in the top tier of the Italian rugby union, the Serie A  Elite.

Founded in 1947, the team is the rugby union branch of the Unione Sportiva Petrarca, an omnisport club that includes also basketball, futsal, volleyball, fencing and football.

They have won 15 league titles, 11 of them between 1969–70 and 1986–87 seasons; their most recent successes in the Italian championship came 24 years after their latest feat, at the end of the 2010–11 season, and in recent years appearing in four straight finals 3 against rugby delta Rovigo (2020-21,2021-22,2022-23)and 1 against rugby viadana (2023-24) and winning two (2021-22 and 2023-24).

Petrarca is the tied 2nd most successful side in the Italian championship with Benetton rugby (15 time champions) and behind amatori rugby Milano (18 time champions)
Amandus Heinrich Christian Zietz
Amandus Heinrich Christian Zietz (13 June 1840 – 2 August 1921) was a zoologist and paleontologist born in Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein, and best known for his work at the South Australian Museum in Adelaide, after arriving in South Australia in 1883.

He and his son Frederick Robert Zietz, also a zoologist, worked on preserving bones from a diprotodon skeleton.
Along with E. C. Stirling, also at the South Australian museum, he undertook the direction of the first major palaeontology excavation at Lake Callabonna, where a large series of Diprotodont skeletal material was collected. 
Zietz was responsible for identifying a hitherto unknown species of shark from Investigator Strait, which became known as Asymbolus vincenti, or Gulf catshark.

He is buried in West Terrace Cemetery in Adelaide.

Gulf catshark
Sharks portal

The Gulf catshark (Asymbolus vincenti) is a species of shark belonging to the family Pentanchidae, the deepwater catsharks. This shark is found only off the shores of southern Australia at depths between 27 and 650 metres (89 and 2,133 ft). This species can reach a length of 61 centimetres (24 in) TL.
Help Rescue The Planet
Help Rescue The Planet is an educational charity dedicated to minimising air pollution and mitigating climate change.  In 2012 it organised the St George's House Consultations in Windsor and The International Conference on Climate Change in London.  Trustees include Dr Robin Russell-Jones, Dr Charles Tannock, MEP and Baroness Walmsley.

Charity Commission for England and Wales
The Charity Commission for England and Wales (Welsh: Comisiwn Elusennau Cymru a Lloegr) is the statutory regulator of registered charities in England and Wales. It maintains the public register of charities and oversees compliance with charity law.

The Commission is a non-ministerial department of His Majesty's Government that regulates registered charities in England and Wales and maintains the Central Register of Charities. Its counterparts in Scotland and Northern Ireland are the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator and the Charity Commission for Northern Ireland.

The commission has four sites in London, Taunton, Liverpool and Newport. Its website lists the latest annual reports submitted by charities in England and Wales.

During the financial year 2022–2023, the Commission regulated £88 billion of charity income and £85 billion of charity spend.
Selo pri Radohovi Vasi
Selo pri Radohovi Vasi (pronounced [ˈsɛːlɔ pɾi ˈɾaːdɔxɔʋi ˈʋaːsi]; Slovene: Selo pri Radohovi vasi, German: Selo bei Sankt Paul) is a small settlement north of Radohova Vas in the Municipality of Ivančna Gorica in central Slovenia. The entire area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola and the municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

Municipality of Ivančna Gorica
The Municipality of Ivančna Gorica (pronounced [iˈʋaːntʃna ɡɔˈɾiːtsa]; Slovene: Občina Ivančna Gorica) is a municipality in the traditional region of Lower Carniola in central Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Ivančna Gorica. Ivančna Gorica became a municipality in 1995.
The Funny Manns
The Funny Manns is an American syndicated television program that first appeared in 1961. It was hosted by comedian Cliff Norton and featured re-edited silent comedies.  In the United Kingdom, the series was broadcast by the BBC.

There were 130 black-and-white, nine-minute episodes of The Funny Manns produced for syndication by California National Productions, a subsidiary of NBC. Local stations could show The Funny Manns once every weekday for 26 weeks, or twice a day for 13 weeks, which was then the broadcast standard.

The show was co-produced by Bobby Nicholson, formerly of NBC's Howdy Doody program. who sometimes performed in the show's skits with Norton.

British Broadcasting Company
The British Broadcasting Company Limited (BBC) was the commercial forerunner to the public British Broadcasting Corporation and formed on 18 October 1922 by British and American electrical companies doing business in the United Kingdom. Licensed by the UK's General Post Office, its original office was located on the second floor of Magnet House, a GEC building in London, and consisted of a room and a small antechamber.

On 14 December 1922, John Reith was hired to become the managing director of the company at that address. The company later moved its offices to the premises of the Marconi Company. The BBC as a commercial broadcasting company did not sell air time but it did carry a number of sponsored programmes paid for by British newspapers. On 31 December 1926, the company was dissolved and its assets were transferred to the non-commercial and crown-chartered British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC).
Municipality of Pictou County
The Municipality of Pictou County is a county municipality in Nova Scotia, Canada. It provides local government to about 21,000 rural residents of Pictou County, but excludes the towns of New Glasgow, Stellarton, Pictou, Westville and Trenton that are administered by their own town councils.

New Glasgow, Nova Scotia
New Glasgow is a town in Pictou County, in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It is situated on the banks of the East River of Pictou, which flows into Pictou Harbour, a sub-basin of the Northumberland Strait.

The town's population was 9,471 in the 2021 census. New Glasgow is at the centre of the province's fourth largest urban area; the population of the New Glasgow census agglomeration in the 2021 census was 34,397. The New Glasgow census agglomeration includes the smaller adjacent towns of Stellarton, Westville, and Trenton as well as adjacent rural areas of the county.
WinnowTag
winnowTag is a web-based recommender system and news aggregator in which a person tags example items as belonging to a topic, thus training statistical text classification software to find more items on that same topic. Released as a publicly available web application in September 2010 by Mindloom, winnowTag uses Winnow content recommendation, a Naive Bayes text classifier evolved from SpamBayes.

Users of winnowTag create and share tags, and use the shared tags of others to find on-topic content in real time. Users can add feeds, import OPML feed lists, and publish feeds of items found by tags. winnowTag collects and retains items from the last three months of thousands of blog, news, and website Atom and RSS feeds.

SpamBayes
SpamBayes is a Bayesian spam filter written in Python which uses techniques laid out by Paul Graham in his essay "A Plan for Spam". It has subsequently been improved by Gary Robinson and Tim Peters, among others.

The most notable difference between a conventional Bayesian filter and the filter used by SpamBayes is that there are three classifications rather than two: spam, non-spam (called ham in SpamBayes), and unsure. The user trains a message as being either ham or spam; when filtering a message, the spam filters generate one score for ham and another for spam.

If the spam score is high and the ham score is low, the message will be classified as spam.
If the spam score is low and the ham score is high, the message will be classified as ham.
If the scores are both high or both low, the message will be classified as unsure.

This approach leads to a low number of false positives and false negatives, but it may result in a number of unsures which need a human decision.
Pignolata
Pignolata (Sicilian: pignulata) is a Sicilian pastry originating in the city of Messina. It is a soft pastry, covered in chocolate and lemon-flavoured syrup or icing. This pastry is half covered or iced in one flavouring and the other half in the other flavour, which hardens when the pignolata is ready to be served. Each pastry serves several people, and is meant to be cut into small pieces when served. In Sicily, this dessert was made for Carnival, the last celebration before Lent begins on Ash Wednesday.

Pignolata can be also made of small portions of fried pastry, like large pearls, in a hot honey sauce, with chopped almonds or hazelnuts. Before serving, they are set on a plate, as a crown, with chopped nuts sprinkled over the top.

Lemon
The lemon (Citrus × limon) is a species of small evergreen tree in the Citrus genus of the flowering plant family Rutaceae. A true lemon is a hybrid of the citron and the bitter orange. Its origins are uncertain, but some evidence suggests lemons originated during the 1st millennium BC in what is now northeastern India. Some other citrus fruits are called lemon.

The yellow fruit of the lemon tree is used throughout the world, primarily for its juice. The pulp and rind are used in cooking and baking. The juice of the lemon is about 5–6% citric acid, giving it a sour taste. This makes it a key ingredient in drinks and foods such as lemonade and lemon meringue pie.

In 2024, world production was 23 million tonnes, led by India and Mexico with 31% of the total.
National Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy
The Union Cabinet of India approved the National Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy (NDSAP) on 9 February 2012. The objective of the policy is to facilitate access to Government of India owned shareable data and information in both human readable and machine readable forms.

Machine-readable medium and data
In communications and computing, a machine-readable medium (or computer-readable medium) is a medium capable of storing data in a format easily readable by a digital computer or a sensor. 
It contrasts with human-readable medium and data.

The result is called machine-readable data or computer-readable data, and the data itself can be described as having machine-readability.
Lorenzo di Niccolò
Lorenzo di Niccolò or Lorenzo di Niccolò di Martino was an Italian painter who was active in Florence from 1391 to 1412. This early Renaissance artist worked in the Trecento style, and his work maintains influences of the Gothic style, marking a transitional period between the Gothic sensibilities of the Middle Ages while simultaneously beginning to draw on the Classical. Lorenzo's works were usually religious scenes in tempera with gold backgrounds.

Tempera
Tempera (Italian: [ˈtɛmpera]) is a permanent, fast-drying painting medium consisting of pigments mixed with a water-soluble binder medium, usually glutinous material such as egg yolk. There are several types of tempera paint, but the one containing egg yolk is called egg tempera. Tempera paint made from the milk protein is Casein paint. If the binder is synthetic PVA, the result is polyvinyl acetate tempera. A distemper paint consisting of pigment and binders such as cornstarch, gum arabic and other gums is called poster paint in certain parts of the world, and it is also often confusingly referred to as "tempera paint", although the binders in this paint are different from traditional egg tempera paints and the visual effect is more like gouache.

The term Tempera also refers to the paintings done in any kind of these tempera mediums.
Legislative districts of Maguindanao
The legislative districts of Maguindanao were the representations of the province of Maguindanao and the independent component city of Cotabato in the various national legislatures of the Philippines. The province and the city were represented in the lower house of the Congress of the Philippines through their first and second congressional districts from 1987–2022.

Maguindanao del Sur's at-large congressional district
Maguindanao del Sur's at-large congressional district refers to the lone congressional districts of the Philippines in the province of Maguindanao del Sur. It has been represented in the House of Representatives since the province's creation in 2022. It is currently represented in the 20th Congress by Esmael Mangudadatu of the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas (PFP).
Houses from the Sea
Houses from the Sea is a 1959 picture book written by Alice E. Goudey and illustrated by Adrienne Adams. The book is about two children who collect seashells. The book was a recipient of a 1960 Caldecott Honor for its illustrations.

Houses from the Sea includes pastel pictures of 15 types of shells found on the east, west and gulf coasts of the United States. A review in The New York Times described the book as "not a manual but rather a very persuasive invitation to try one's own luck".

Adrienne Adams (illustrator)
Adrienne Adams (February 10, 1906 – December 3, 2002) was an American children's book illustrator as well as an artist and writer of children's books. She won two Caldecott Honors (in 1960 and 1962) and in 1973 she was awarded the Rutgers Award for overall contributions to children's literature. In 1977, she was awarded the University of Southern Mississippi Medallion.
Television in Cape Verde
Television was introduced to Cape Verde in 1984, although television experiments have been conducted before that point. For over twenty years, there was only one national television channel, Televisão de Cabo Verde, first known as TEVEC, later TNCV and RTC. Excluding relays of RTP África and TV5MONDE Afrique, the television monopoly was broken in 2007 with the opening of Record Cabo Verde, followed by Televisão Independente de Cabo Verde (TIVER).

Analog transmissions ceased in 2021. The country is served by a digital terrestrial platform owned by Cabo Verde Broadcast that delivers ten channels, including four foreign channels, two of them French (TV5MONDE and France 24) and another two Portuguese (RTP África and RTP Notícias). Alou and Unitel T+ operate subscription television services.

Televisão de Cabo Verde
Televisão de Cabo Verde is the oldest television channel in Cape Verde, owned by public company RTC. TCV airs local and international programming; since 2013, its local output became available abroad on TCV Internacional.
Nawaf Al-Khaldi
Nawaf Khaled Al Khaldi (Arabic: نواف خالد الخالدي) (born 25 May 1981) is a retired Kuwaiti footballer who last played for Al-Qadsia.

Al Khaldi has made several appearances for the Kuwait national football team, including three qualifying matches for the 2010 FIFA World Cup.

Qadsia SC
Al Qadsia Sporting Club (Arabic: نادي القادسية الرياضي) is a professional football club based in Kuwait City. Al Qadsia was founded in 1953 as Al-Jazira, before being renamed to Al Qadsia SC on 20 October 1960. Qadsia currently plays in the Kuwait Premier League and has won the league 17 times. Qadsia plays in the Mohammed Al-Hamad Stadium, which is in Hawalli, and is the third largest stadium in Kuwait.
Amerongen (surname)
(Van) Amerongen is a Dutch toponymic surname, meaning "from Amerongen". Notable people with the surname include:

Gerard Amerongen (1914–2013), Canadian politician and lawyer

Jerry Van Amerongen, American cartoonist

Martin van Amerongen (1941–2012), Dutch journalist, publisher, and writer

Otto Wolff von Amerongen (1918–2007), German businessman

Portrait of Sophia van Amerongen, circa 1550, attributed to Maarten van Heemskerck, Philadelphia Museum of ArtSophia van Amerongen (circa 1550), subject of a portrait, oil on panel, in the Philadelphia Museum of Art attributed to Maarten van Heemskerck (1498–1574)

Jerry Van Amerongen
Jerry Van Amerongen is a cartoonist based in the United States. His work includes the comic panel Ballard Street, which ran from 1991 till April 30, 2019. Before Ballard Street, he drew a comic panel entitled The Neighborhood for ten years. He has been recognized with the National Cartoonist Society Newspaper Panel Award for 2004 and 2006 for his work on Ballard Street. Van Amerongen's work is currently distributed by Creators Syndicate.