hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Solution-friction model
The solution-friction model (SF model) is a mechanistic transport model developed to describe the transport processes across porous membranes, such as reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF). Unlike traditional models, such as those based on Darcy's law, which primarily describes pressure-driven solvent (water) transport in simple porous mediums, the SF model also accounts for the coupled transport of both solvent (water) and solutes (salts).

Solution (chemistry)
In chemistry, a solution is defined by IUPAC as "A liquid or solid phase containing more than one substance, when for convenience one (or more) substance, which is called the solvent, is treated differently from the other substances, which are called solutes. When, as is often but not necessarily the case, the sum of the mole fractions of solutes is small compared with unity, the solution is called a dilute solution." One parameter of a solution is the concentration, which is a measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solution or solvent. The term "aqueous solution" is used when one of the solvents is water.
Aiyadurai Jesudasen Appasamy
Aiyadurai Jesudasen Appasamy (3 September 1891 – 1980) was an Indian Christian theologian, and bishop of the Church of South India in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. He was a member of the 'Rethinking Christianity Group', and sought to reconcile Christian with  Hindu philosophies. He interpreted Christianity as 'bhaktimarga'.

Christian theology
Christian theology is the theology – the systematic study of the divine and religion – of Christian belief and practice. It concentrates primarily upon the texts of the Old Testament and of the New Testament, as well as on Christian tradition. Christian theologians use biblical exegesis, rational analysis and argument. Theologians may undertake the study of Christian theology for a variety of reasons, such as in order to:

help them better understand Christian tenets

make comparisons between Christianity and other traditions

defend Christianity against objections and criticism

facilitate reforms in the Christian church

assist in the propagation of Christianity

draw on the resources of the Christian tradition to address some present situation or perceived need

education in Christian philosophy, especially in Neoplatonic philosophy
Dick Burton (golfer)
Richard Burton (11 October 1907 – 30 January 1974) was an English professional golfer.

Burton, a former four-loom weaver at Cobden Mill, is mainly remembered for winning The Open Championship (British Open) in 1939, when it was played on the Old Course at St Andrews in Scotland and holding the Open title for the longest time – from 1939 till after World War II.  He played for Great Britain in the Ryder Cup in 1935, 1937, and 1949, and won two of his five matches.

Yorkshire Evening News Tournament
The Yorkshire Evening News Tournament was a professional golf tournament that was held in the Leeds area of Yorkshire, England between 1923 and 1963. It was a fixture on the British PGA tournament circuit, which would later become the European Tour.  Before World War II, it was a knockout match play tournament preceded by a 36-hole stroke play qualifying round; when it was revived following the war it was a pure stroke play tournament, except for 1949 when it was played as knockout match play.

In the early years, the Yorkshire Evening News Tournament was considered a British major golf tournament. "The first tournament, in 1923, was billed as the  unofficial ‘Championship of the World’ between American superstars Walter Hagen and Gene Sarazen.  Hagen triumphed, but lost in the final by a two-hole margin to Ryder Cup star Herbert Jolly."
Grimston Warren Pit
Grimston Warren Pit is a 6.6-hectare (16-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of King's Lynn in Norfolk, England. It is a Geological Conservation Review site.

This former quarry is described by Natural England as "a nationally important site for dating the constituent facies of the Lower Cretaceous in north Norfolk". It has yielded ammonites which date to the Hauterivian age around 130 million years ago.

The site is private land with no public access.

King's Lynn
King's Lynn, known until 1537 as Bishop's Lynn and colloquially as Lynn, is a port and market town in the borough of King's Lynn and West Norfolk in the county of Norfolk, England. It is 36 miles (58 km) north-east of Peterborough, 44 miles (71 km) north-north-east of Cambridge, 44 miles (71 km) west of Norwich, and about 5 miles (8 km) inland from The Wash estuary.
Xikrin
The Xikrin are an Indigenous people of the Brazilian Amazon, belonging to the Kayapó (Mebêngôkre) linguistic and cultural group. Their traditional territory spans the Cateté and Bacajá river basins in the state of Pará, where they live in recognized Indigenous lands and maintain a vibrant cultural identity rooted in their relationship with the rivers and forests.

Bacajá River
The Bacajá River is a river of Pará state in north-central Brazil. It is a tributary of the Xingu River.

The Bacajá River is a blackwater river. Its basin is in the Xingu–Tocantins–Araguaia moist forests ecoregion.
Ulta (film)
Ulta (transl. Upside down) is a 2019 Indian Malayalam-language action comedy film written and directed by Suresh Poduval (in his directorial debut) and produced by Subash Cipy. The film stars Gokul Suresh, Anusree and Prayaga Martin, with Siddique, Ramesh Pisharody, Kalabhavan Shajohn and Surabhi Lakshmi in supporting roles.

Surabhi Lakshmi
Surabhi C. M., also known as Surabhi Lakshmi is an Indian film, television, and stage actress who appears in Malayalam films and television. She won the National Film Award for Best Actress in 2016 for portraying the role of a struggling middle-aged mother in the Malayalam film Minnaminungu.

She is known for the role as Pathu through the Malayalam Comical Television Series M80 Moosa which launched on Media One TV.
Davina Sammut Hili
Davina Sammut Hili (born July 6, 1986 in Floriana) is a Maltese politician from the Labour Party. She was elected to the Parliament of Malta in the 2022 Maltese general election under the gender quota. She formerly served as mayor of Floriana.

Labour Party (Malta)
The Labour Party (Maltese: Partit Laburista, PL), formerly known as the Malta Labour Party (Maltese: Partit tal-Ħaddiema, MLP), is the governing political party in Malta, and one of the two major parties alongside the Nationalist Party. It sits on the centre-left of the political spectrum.

The party was founded in 1921 as the Chamber of Labour by a small group of trade unionists. Ideologically, the party was orientated towards democratic socialism and other left-wing stances until the early 1990s, when it followed the lead of like-minded Western social-democratic parties like Britain's New Labour. The party still claims to be democratic-socialist in their party programme. Under the rule of Joseph Muscat, the party shifted to a more centrist position, adopting Third Way policies. A formerly Eurosceptic party, it claims to hold pro-European stances and is a member of the Party of European Socialists, and the Socialist International.
Bob Eubanks
Robert Leland Eubanks (born January 8, 1938) is an American disc jockey, television personality and game show host, widely known for hosting the game show The Newlywed Game on and off since 1966. He also hosted the successful revamp version of Card Sharks from 1986 to 1989. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his radio DJ work in 2000. It is in front of Grauman's Egyptian Theatre, where he worked during the first years of his broadcasting career. In 2005, he received a lifetime achievement Emmy Award from the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences.

Buddy Hackett
Buddy Hackett (born Leonard Hacker; August 31, 1924 – June 30, 2003) was an American comedian and comic actor. Known for his raunchy material, heavy appearance and thick New York City accent, his notable roles include Marcellus Washburn in The Music Man (1962), Benjy Benjamin in It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963), Tennessee Steinmetz in The Love Bug (1968) and the voice of Scuttle in The Little Mermaid (1989). He was also a frequent guest on TV game shows and variety shows.
Giovanni Monti
Giovanni Monti (7 May 1765 – 1 June 1825) was an Italian landscape painter, mainly active in Ferrara and Rome. He was born in Maiano near Fusignano and was a nephew of the poet Vincenzo Monti. Some of his works were acquired by the Ateneo de Ferrara, and two small tondi by Monti were included in the Costabili collection. He should not be confused with two earlier Italian painters, Giovanni Battista Monti of Genoa (died 1657) or Giovanni Giacomo Monti of Bologna (born 1692).

Ferrara
Ferrara (/fəˈrɑːrə/; Italian: [ferˈraːra] ⓘ; Emilian: Fràra [ˈfraːra]) is a city and comune (municipality) in Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy, capital of the province of Ferrara. As of 2016, it had 132,009 inhabitants. It is situated 44 kilometres (27 miles) northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main stream of the Po River, located 5 km (3 miles) north. The town has broad streets and numerous palaces dating from the Renaissance, when it hosted the court of the House of Este. For its beauty and cultural importance, it has been designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
Susan Linn De Witt
Susan Linn De Witt (October 30, 1778 – May 5, 1824) was an American poet and novelist.

Susan Linn De Witt was born on October 30, 1778, the daughter of Rev. William Linn and Rebecca Blair Linn.  Her siblings included poet John Blair Linn and Elizabeth Linn, wife of novelist Charles Brockden Brown.   On October 29, 1810, she became the third wife of Simeon De Witt, Surveyor General of the State of New York.

She is the author of a widely praised book-length poem, The Pleasures of Religion (1820), as well as a novel, Justina (1823), about an American heroine educated in London who pressured into marriage but instead pines for another man who is compared to Samuel Johnson.

She is said to have been the author of a now-lost work called Father Rowland, but this may be confusion with Charles Constantine Pise, who also published works called The Pleasures of Religion and Father Rowland.

Susan Linn De Witt died on May 5, 1824 in Philadelphia.

Charles Brockden Brown
Charles Brockden Brown (January 17, 1771 – February 22, 1810) was an American novelist, historian, and editor of the Early National period.

Brown is regarded by some scholars as the most important American novelist before James Fenimore Cooper. Although Brown was not the first American novelist, as some early criticism claimed, the breadth and complexity of his achievement as a writer in multiple genres (novels, short stories, essays and periodical writings, poetry, historiography, and reviews) makes him a crucial figure in literature of the early republic. His best-known works include Wieland and Edgar Huntly, both of which display his characteristic interest in Gothic themes. He has been referred to as the "Father of the American Novel."
Santa Maria, Requena
Santa María (St Mary) is Gothic and Baroque-style, Roman Catholic church located in Requena, Valencia, Spain.

The church was begun originally in Isabelline Gothic style in the late 15th century, but work continued until the 18th century. The main gothic portal is highly sculpted with angels, floral motifs, and a scene of the Annunciation in the tympanum. The church lost much of its interior decoration and azulejo tile during and after the Spanish Civil War. The church is also used for concerts. It was declared a national monument in 1931.

Tympanum (architecture)
A tympanum (pl. tympana; from Greek and Latin words meaning "drum") is the semi-circular or triangular decorative wall surface over an entrance, door or window, which is bounded by a lintel and an arch. It often contains pedimental sculpture or other imagery or ornaments. Many architectural styles include this element, although it is most commonly associated with Romanesque and Gothic architecture.

Alternatively, the tympanum may hold an inscription, or in modern times, a clock face.
Carlos Ferreyros
Carlos Ferreyros y Senra (August 12, 1843 — February 5, 1910) was a Peruvian Navy officer and politician. He was the commander of the gunboat Pilcomayo during the War of the Pacific, commanding it before its capture. He was also a Senator of the Department of Huánuco from July 28, 1907, to February 6, 1910, where he died in office.

Peruvian Navy
The Peruvian Navy (Spanish: Marina de Guerra del Perú, abbreviated MGP) is the branch of the Peruvian Armed Forces tasked with surveillance, patrol and defense on lakes, rivers and the Pacific Ocean up to 200 nautical miles (370 km; 230 mi) from the Peruvian littoral. Additional missions include assistance in safeguarding internal security, conducting disaster relief operations and participating in international peacekeeping operations.

The Marina de Guerra del Perú celebrates the anniversary of its creation in 1821 on October 8 and also commemorates the decisive Battle of Angamos, the final part of the naval campaign of the War of the Pacific between Peru and Chile at the end of 1879.
James H. McLeary
James H. McLeary (July 27, 1845 – January 5, 1914) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the attorney general of Texas from 1880 to 1882 and as a justice of the Territorial Montana Supreme Court from 1886 to 1888 (appointed by President Grover Cleveland). He also served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico.

Montana Supreme Court
The Montana Supreme Court is the highest court of the state court system in the U.S. state of Montana.  It is established and its powers defined by Article VII of the 1972 Montana Constitution.  It is primarily an appellate court which reviews civil and criminal decisions of Montana's trial courts of general jurisdiction and certain specialized legislative courts, only having original jurisdiction in a limited number of actions.  The court's chief justice and six associate justices are elected by non-partisan, popular elections.  The Montana Supreme Court meets in the Joseph P. Mazurek Building in Helena, Montana, the state's capital, an international style building completed in 1982 and named in the honor of former Montana attorney general, Joseph P. Mazurek.
Multi-function structure
A multi-function material is a composite material. The traditional approach to the development of structures is to address the load-carrying function and other functional requirements separately. Recently, however, there has been increased interest in the development of load-bearing materials and structures which have integral non-load-bearing functions, guided by recent discoveries about how multifunctional biological systems work.

Biological system
A biological system is a complex network which connects several biologically relevant entities. Biological organization spans several scales and are determined based different structures depending on what the system is. Examples of biological systems at the macro scale are populations of organisms. On the organ and tissue scale in mammals and other animals, examples include the circulatory system, the respiratory system, and the nervous system. On the micro to the nanoscopic scale, examples of biological systems are cells, organelles, macromolecular complexes and regulatory pathways. A biological system is not to be confused with a living system, such as a living organism.
Apostolic Church in Italy
The Apostolic Church in Italy (Italian: Chiesa Apostolica in Italia) is an Italian Protestant denomination in the Pentecostal-evangelical tradition founded in 1927, which is part of the Federation of Evangelical Churches in Italy, an ecumenical body representing Italian Protestants.
Its headquarter is in Grosseto.

In 2007 the Church and the Italian government signed an agreement, in accordance with article 8 of the Italian Constitution, that became law in 2012.

Grosseto
Grosseto (Italian pronunciation: [ɡrosˈseːto] ⓘ) is a city and a comune in the central Italian region of Tuscany, capital of the province of Grosseto. It is the most populous city of Maremma region and southern Tuscany.

Located at the center of the Maremma region, the city was born on the right bank of the Ombrone river, near the Tyrrhenian Sea. The first center raised in the Middle Ages, following the end of the ancient city of Rusellae. Since the 19th century has had a great economic and demographic development, which makes it an important city for services, agriculture and as a seaside resort.

The comune of Grosseto, with 82,284 inhabitants, includes the frazioni of Marina di Grosseto, Roselle, Principina a Mare, Principina Terra, Montepescali, Braccagni, Istia d'Ombrone, Batignano, Alberese and Rispescia.
Thomas de Grey, 4th Baron Walsingham
Thomas de Grey, 4th Baron Walsingham (Chelsea 10 April 1778 – Merton, Norfolk, 8 September 1839) was Archdeacon of Winchester from 1807 until 1814; and then of Surrey from 1814 until his death.

The 2nd son of Thomas de Grey, 2nd Baron Walsingham, he was educated at Eton and St John's College, Cambridge. He held livings at Aston Abbotts, Merton, Bishopstoke, Fawley, Weeke and Calbourne.

He succeeded his brother George de Grey, 3rd Baron Walsingham, in 1831 when the latter was killed with his wife as the result of a house fire at his London Home, inheriting the barony and the family seat of Merton Hall, Norfolk.

He died in 1839 and was buried at Merton, Norfolk. He had married in 1802 Elizabeth North, the daughter of Rt Rev Hon Brownlow North DD, Bishop of Winchester. They had six sons and three daughters. He was succeeded by his eldest son Thomas de Grey, 5th Baron Walsingham.

Fawley, Hampshire
Fawley is a village and civil parish in Hampshire, England. It is situated in the New Forest on the western shore of the Solent, approximately 7 miles (11 kilometres) south of Southampton. Fawley is also the site of Fawley Refinery, operated by ExxonMobil, which is the largest facility of its kind in the United Kingdom. The decommissioned Fawley Power Station is also located less than a mile to the south east of the village.
Stewart Parker Trust Award
The Stewart Parker Trust Award or Stewart Parker Prize is an annual Irish award
for best Irish debut play. It is named in honour of Stewart Parker. There is a cash bursary as part of the award. Previous recipients of the award include: Gavin Kostick, Conor McPherson, Mark O'Rowe, Enda Walsh, Eugene O'Brien, Tom MacIntyre. Gerald Murphy, Nancy Harris, Gina Moxley, Lisa McGee and Christian O'Reilly.
The winners are announced annually at the Lyric Theatre.

Conor McPherson
Conor McPherson (born 6 August 1971) is an Irish playwright, screenwriter and director of stage and film. In recognition of his contribution to world theatre, McPherson was awarded an honorary doctorate of literature in June 2013 by University College Dublin.
Thornapple River Drive Bridge
The Thornapple River Drive Bridge is a road bridge in Cascade Township, Michigan, carrying Thornapple River Drive over the Thornapple River. It was listed on he National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

Thornapple River
The Thornapple River (Ottawa: Sowanquesake, "Forked River") (GNIS ID #1075813) is an 88.1-mile-long (141.8 km) tributary of Michigan's longest river, the Grand River. The Thornapple rises in Eaton County, Michigan and drains a primarily rural farming area in Central Michigan. It joins the Grand in Ada, Michigan, 10 miles (16 km) east of Grand Rapids.
Camberley railway station
Camberley railway station serves the town of Camberley, in Surrey, England. It is a stop on the Ascot–Ash Vale line, 35 miles 30 chains (56.9 km) from London Waterloo. The station is operated by South Western Railway, along with all trains serving it.

South Western Railway
South Western Railway Limited,  trading as South Western Railway (SWR), is a British state-owned train operating company that operates commuter services from its Central London terminus at London Waterloo to south west London, suburban services in the counties of Surrey, Hampshire, Berkshire and Dorset, as well as regional services in Devon, Somerset and Wiltshire. Under the Island Line brand, it operates services on the Isle of Wight.

SWR took over the services from the franchise operator of the same name owned by FirstGroup and MTR Corporation on 25 May 2025.
Vegard Aanestad
Vegard Aanestad (born 12 June 1987) is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played as a right-back. He has played for Viking and Sandnes Ulf.

He moved to Viking in January 2009, while also Bryne and Strømsgodset were interested in signing the player. At Viking, Aanestad only featured in 2 cup matches. After moving to Sandnes Ulf in 2010, he was a regular starter in the First Division and also after the club's promotion to Eliteserien. Following his departure from Sandnes Ulf, Aanestad has played for Randaberg in the Third and Fourth Division.

Bryne FK
Bryne Fotballklubb  (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈbrỳːnə]) is a professional football club located in Bryne, Norway, which competes in the Norwegian First Division, the second tier of Norwegian football. Founded on 10 April 1926 as Bryne Fotball-lag, the club joined the Norwegian Football Federation in 1929 and has played its home matches at Bryne Stadion since 1945.
Bernardine Garden
The Bernardine Garden (Lithuanian: Bernardinų sodas, Polish: ogród Bernardyński or ogród Bernardynów), previously known as Sereikiškės Park, is a public park in the city of Vilnius, Lithuania. It is located on the left bank of the Vilnia River between the Gediminas Tower and Bernardine Monastery and covers over 9 hectares (22 acres). Most of its territory is parkland, divided in the monastery exposition, the botanic exposition and other recreational territory including a children's amusement park. It hosts a variety of festivals and exhibitions, including an amateur chess championship of Ostap Bender.

Gediminas's Tower
Gediminas's Tower (Lithuanian: Gedimino pilies bokštas) is the remaining part of the Upper Castle on top of the Gediminas Hill in Vilnius, Lithuania. It has a viewing platform that offers scenic views of Vilnius Old Town and Vilnius Central Business District. Gediminas's Tower is an important state and historic symbol of the city of Vilnius and of Lithuania itself. It was depicted on the former national currency, the litas, and is mentioned in numerous Lithuanian patriotic poems and folk songs.
Edward Tamba Charles
Edward Tamba Charles (born 18 April 1956) is a Sierra Leonean Catholic prelate who is the Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Freetown, Sierra Leone since 15 January 2011. Before that, from 15 March 2008 until 15 January 2011, he was the archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Freetown and Bo, in Sierra Leone. He was appointed archbishop on 15 March 2008 by Pope Benedict XVI and was consecrated at Freetown on 14 May 2008. When the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bo was erected on 15 January 2011, he became Archbishop of Freetown.

Gbarnga
Gbarnga is the capital city of Bong County, Liberia, lying north east of Monrovia.   During the First Liberian Civil War, it was the base for Charles Taylor's National Patriotic Front of Liberia. Cuttington College, a private, Episcopal-affiliated institution, is located near the town. Its campus was once home to the Africana Museum, which was destroyed during the civil war.

As of the 2008 census, Gbarnga has a population of 34,046. Of this, 16,080 were male and 17,966 female; it is the fourth-most populous urban area in Liberia.

Gbarnga is the hometown of Tamba Hali, a former professional football player for the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League in the United States.

The town is twinned with Baltimore, Maryland, in the United States.