hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Klayman v. Obama
Klayman v. Obama, 957 F.Supp.2d 1 (D.D.C., 2013), was a decision by the United States District Court for District of Columbia finding that the National Security Agency's (NSA) bulk phone metadata collection program was unconstitutional under the Fourth Amendment. The ruling was later overturned on jurisdictional grounds, leaving the constitutional implications of NSA surveillance unaddressed.

Search and seizure
Search and seizure is a procedure used in many civil law and common law legal systems by which police or other authorities and their agents, who, suspecting that a crime has been committed, commence a search of a person's property and seize or confiscate any relevant evidence found in connection to the crime.

Some countries have certain provisions in their constitutions that provide the public with the right to be free from "unreasonable searches and seizures". This right is generally based on the premise that everyone is entitled to a reasonable right to privacy.

Though specific interpretation may vary, this right can often require law enforcement to obtain a search warrant or consent of the owner before engaging in any form of search and seizure. In cases where evidence is seized in a search, that evidence might be rejected by court procedures, such as with a motion to suppress the evidence under the exclusionary rule.
Coliseo General Rumiñahui
Coliseo General Rumiñahui is an indoor sporting arena located in Quito, Ecuador. The capacity of the arena is 16,000 and is used mostly for basketball, volleyball and other sports. It was built on July 9, 1992. It is also used for music concerts and other events.

Rumiñawi (Inca warrior)
Rumiñawi, born late 15th century in present-day Ecuador, died June 25, 1535, was a general during the Inca Civil War. Hispanicized spellings of his name include Rumiaoui, Ruminavi, Ruminagui, Rumiñagui, and Rumiñahui. After the death of  Emperor Atahualpa, he led an uprising in 1533 against the Spanish in the northern part of the Inca Empire (modern-day Ecuador). According to tradition he ordered the city's treasure to be hidden and the city burned. Although captured and tortured, he never revealed the treasure. Since 1985, 1 December has been celebrated as a day of commemoration of his acts.
Chilostoma achates
Chilostoma achates is a species of medium-sized, air-breathing, land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Helicidae, the true snails. IUCN has defined the snail as Near threatened, due to the development of tourism. The species inhabits high-altitude limestone environments in the eastern Alps, particularly in South Tyrol and the Carnic Alps of northern Italy, where it grows on damp rock faces and ledges maintained by seepage and snowmelt.

Near-threatened species
A near-threatened species is a species which has been categorized as "Near Threatened" (NT) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as that may be vulnerable to endangerment in the near future, but it does not currently qualify for the threatened status.

The IUCN notes the importance of reevaluating near-threatened taxa at appropriate intervals.

The rationale used for near-threatened taxa usually includes the criteria of vulnerable which are plausible or nearly met, such as reduction in numbers or range. Those designated since 2001 that depend on conservation efforts to not become threatened are no longer separately considered conservation-dependent species.
Wawau Adler
Josef Wawau Adler (born 25 January 1967, in Karlsruhe) is a German-Romani jazz guitarist. Born into a family of Sinti Roma, he is heavily influenced by Django Reinhardt, but also Wes Montgomery, Charlie Parker, Pat Martino and George Benson. He formed a trio with Holzmanno Winterstein and Axel Miller, and has also played with Andreas Öberg and Joel Locher, the bassist who he released Here’s to Django with in 2010, and many others.2013 Recorded Wawau Adler the CD Expressions with Hono Winterstein Eva Slongo Joel Locher and Bertrand Le Guillou. In 2020 Wawau released his current CD Happy Birthday Django 110 by GLM music. Latest CD I play with you GLM music. 2022

George Benson
George Washington Benson (born March 22, 1943) is an American jazz fusion guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He began his professional career at the age of 19 as a jazz guitarist.

A former child prodigy, Benson first came to prominence in the 1960s, playing soul jazz with Jack McDuff and others. He then launched a successful solo career, alternating between jazz, pop, R&B singing, and scat singing. His album Breezin' was certified triple-platinum, hitting No. 1 on the Billboard album chart in 1976. His concerts were well attended through the 1980s, and he still has a large following. Benson has won ten Grammy Awards and has been honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
54 Mount Street
54 Mount Street is a grade II* listed building in Mount Street in the City of Westminster. It is the residence of the Brazilian ambassador in London. The main embassy building is located at Cockspur Street.

It was built in 1896–97 to a design by Fairfax Blomfield Wade-Palmer for Lord Windsor, later the Earl of Plymouth. Historic England describe it as using "Arts and Crafts quality of materials and detailing combined with innovatory Free "renaissance" and hints of Grand Siècle classicism, with sumptuous formal interiors."

Cockspur Street
Cockspur Street is a short street in the City of Westminster, London, SW1 within which a very short part of Trafalgar Square links Charing Cross to Pall Mall/Pall Mall East at the point where that road changes name, opposite the traffic exit from Haymarket. It and all the streets mentioned are part of the A4. It has existed since at least the 16th century along a similar line.
HMNZS Canterbury
Two ships of the Royal New Zealand Navy have been named HMNZS Canterbury after the Canterbury region of New Zealand:

HMNZS Canterbury (F421), was a Leander-class frigate that served from 1971 to 2005, and was sunk as a dive wreck in 2007.

HMNZS Canterbury (L421), a sealift ship commissioned in 2007.

HMNZS Canterbury (L421)
HMNZS Canterbury is a multi-role vessel (MRV) of the Royal New Zealand Navy. She was commissioned in June 2007, and is the second ship of the Royal New Zealand Navy to carry the name. She is also New Zealand's first purpose-built strategic sealift ship.
The Death of General Desaix
The Death of General Desaix (French: Mort du General Desaix) is an 1806 history painting by the French artist Jean Broc. It portrays the death of the French general Louis Desaix at the Battle of Marengo on 14 June 1800 during the French Revolutionary Wars. The battle was a notable victory for the French Army of Italy under the command of Napoleon. Desaix was killed in the fighting and Napoleon is shown looking down on his corpse, surrounded by grieving soldiers.

The painting was featured at the Salon of 1806, staged at the Louvre in Paris. By this time Napoleon had become Emperor and encouraged works glorifying his military exploits. Acquired the same yeare by the French state, it is now in the collection of the Musée de l'Histoire de France at the Palace of Versailles.

Army of Italy (France)
The Army of Italy (French: Armée d'Italie) was a field army of the French Army stationed on the Italian border and used for operations in Italy itself. It is best known for its role during the French Revolutionary Wars (in which it was one of the early commands of Napoleon Bonaparte, during his Italian campaign) and the Napoleonic Wars.
Eivind Holmsen
Eivind Holmsen (5 July 1894 – 22 March 1990) was a Norwegian shooter who competed in the early 20th century in rifle shooting.

He was born in Berg, Østfold. At the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, he finished nineteenth in the trap event and seventh in the team trap event.

He died in 1990 in Moss.

Berg, Østfold
Berg is a former parish and municipality which now forms part of Halden municipality in Østfold county, Norway. The rural municipality was (together with Idd) was merged with the city of Halden on 1 January 1967.
Admiralen Peak
Admiralen Peak, also variously known as Admiration Peak, Pico Puño, or Cerro Le Poing, is a peak, 1,000 feet (305 m) high, lying 0.7 miles (1.1 km) south-southwest of Crepin Point at the west side of Admiralty Bay on King George Island, in the South Shetland Islands. In 1908–10 the French Antarctic Expedition under Jean-Baptiste Charcot applied the name "Le Poing" to a feature in this area. It is not clear, however, which of four summits the name refers to and the name has been rejected. This peak was named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1960 for the Admiralen, the first modern floating factory ship, which first operated in Admiralty Bay in January 1906.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Admiralen Peak". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Jean-Baptiste Charcot
Jean-Baptiste Étienne Auguste Charcot, better known in France as Commandant Charcot, (15 July 1867 in Neuilly-sur-Seine near Paris – 16 September 1936 at sea (30 miles north-west of Reykjavik, Iceland), was a French scientist, medical doctor and polar scientist. His father was the neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–1893).
As a sportsman, he was French rugby XV champion in 1896 and also won a double silver medal in sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics.
Maia Panjikidze
Maia Panjikidze (Georgian: მაია ფანჯიკიძე; born October 16, 1960) is a Georgian diplomat and politician. Formerly a teacher of German, she joined the Georgian diplomatic service in 1994 and was appointed as Minister of Foreign Affairs in the cabinet of Bidzina Ivanishvili on October 25, 2012. She resigned November 5, 2014 in protest of Irakli Alasania being relieved of his position as Minister of Defense.

Ivanishvili government
The government of Bidzina Ivanishvili was the government of Georgia, led by Bidzina Ivanishvili as the Prime Minister. It was formed by the members of the Bidzina Ivanishvili–Georgian Dream coalition after the victory in the October 1, 2012 parliamentary election. The cabinet was confirmed by the Parliament of Georgia on October 25, 2012. It was succeeded, on November 20, 2013, by the government of Irakli Garibashvili, whom Ivanishvili named as his successor on his voluntary resignation from the government.
Abraham Janssen (chess player)
Abraham Janssen (1720 – 1795) was a British chess player who in his heyday was one of the strongest players in the world.

Janssen was most likely related to Sir Abraham Janssen, 2nd Baronet, a Member (MP) of the Parliament of Great Britain for Dorchester 1720 to 1722. The name Janssen is Flemish or Brabantic so it's also highly likely the family originated in the Southern Netherlands.

Most likely in 1747 Janssen, who was then the best player in England, played a match against Philidor in Old Slaughter's Coffee House in St Martin's Lane. Janssen won one game and lost four, so he lost the match.

Jansen is reported to have been extremely fond of a more complicated version of chess invented by the Duke of Rutland

Sir Abraham Janssen, 2nd Baronet
Sir Abraham Janssen, 2nd baronet (c. 1699 – 1765), of Wimbledon, Surrey, was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1720 to 1722.

Janssen was the eldest son of Sir Theodore Janssen, 1st Baronet, of Wimbledon, and his wife Williamza or Williamsa Henley.

Janssen was returned as member of parliament for Dorchester on 18 May 1720 on petition after being defeated by one vote at a by-election. During his time in the House of Commons his father was expelled for his part in the South Sea Bubble scandal. He made little impression and did not stand at the 1722 general election.

From 1725 to 1728, Janssen was a Director of the East India Company. He succeeded his father in the baronetcy on 22 September 1748.

Janssen died unmarried and without issue on 19 February 1765. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his brother Henry.
Gangapur City
Gangapur City is a municipal council located in Sawai Madhopur district in the eastern part of Indian state of Rajasthan. It is situated 140 km (87 mi) east of Rajasthan's capital Jaipur, 76 km (47 mi) from Sawai Madhopur, 33 km (20 mi) from Karauli, 160 km (99 mi) from Agra of Uttar Pradesh. It is famous for its sweet cuisine Kheermohan and newly built Kushalgarh Baba Shyam Temple.

Gangapur City holds a strategic position due to its location on the Delhi–Mumbai railway route, making it an important transportation hub. The city is well-connected to major urban centers like Jaipur, Kota, and Agra. Its proximity to attractions like Ranthambore National Park adds to its importance in the area.

Gangapur City Junction
Gangapur City Junction (Station Code: GGC) is an important railway station located on the Mathura–Gangapur City–Kota section of the New Delhi–Mumbai main line. It comes under Kota Railway Division of West Central Railway Zone. It is best source of transportation for nearby minor cities and villages. Gangapur City is directly connected to major cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Jaipur, Kota, Agra, Indore, Mathura, Patna, Jammu, Amritsar & Udaipur. Nearest railway stations are Sawai Madhopur Junction railway station & Bharatpur Junction railway station, Kota Junction railway station.

The station is being upgraded and modernised under railway redevelopment works.
Jan Bucher
Jan Bucher  (born 1957) is an American freestyle skier and world champion.

She won a gold medal in acroski (ski ballet) at the FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships 1986 in Tignes. At the FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships 1989 in Oberjoch, she won a second gold medal in ski ballet. She won a silver medal in ski ballet at the FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships 1991 in Lake Placid.

She took part at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, where ski ballet was a demonstration event.

FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships 1989
The 1989 FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships were held between March 1st and March 5th at the Oberjoch ski resort in West Germany. The World Championships featured both men's and women's events in the Moguls, Aerials, Acro Skiing and the Combined.
Michael A. Shea
Michael Anthony Shea (March 4, 1894 – May 4, 1954) was a politician in the Dominion of Newfoundland. He represented Ferryland in the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1932 to 1934 as a United Newfoundland Party member.

The son of John P. Shea and Jane Griffon, he was born in St. John's and was educated there. Shea left school in 1909 to work as a clerk at the Monroe Export Co. In 1926, he became a director of the company. Shea was also a director for Newfoundland Wholesale Dry Goods Ltd. He ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the Newfoundland assembly in 1928 before being elected in 1932.

Shea married Ellen Mary Evans. He died in St. John's at the age of 60.

Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly
The Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly (French: Chambre d'assemblée de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador) is the unicameral deliberative assembly of the General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It meets in the Confederation Building in St. John's. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, in the name of the Sovereign.

The governing party sits on the left side of the speaker of the House of Assembly as opposed to the traditional right side of the speaker. This tradition dates back to the 1850s as the heaters in the Colonial Building were located on the left side. Thus, the government chose to sit near the heat, and leave the opposition sitting in the cold.
Pete Gage (singer)
Peter Gage (born 12 February 1946, St Mary's Hospital, Paddington, London) is a British blues musician. A vocalist, harmonica player and pianist, Gage is best known for fronting the Jet Harris Band and Dr. Feelgood, although he has also led his own band and has issued solo albums featuring artists such as Gypie Mayo.

Paddington
Paddington is an area in the City of Westminster, in central London, England. A medieval parish then a metropolitan borough of the County of London, it was integrated with Westminster and Greater London in 1965. Paddington station, designed by the engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel opened in 1847. It is also the site of St Mary's Hospital and the former Paddington Green Police Station.

Paddington Waterside aims to regenerate former railway and canal land.  Districts within Paddington are Maida Vale, Westbourne and Bayswater including Lancaster Gate.
Dipendra Singh Airee
Dipendra Singh Airee (Nepali: दिपेन्द्र सिंह ऐरी; pronounced: diˈpendra siŋ ˈai̯ri ) born  24 January 2000 is a Nepalese cricketer. In August 2018, he was one of the eleven cricketers to play in Nepal's first-ever One Day International (ODI) match, against the Netherlands. During the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou, China, Airee scored the fastest fifty in T20Is, off just 9 balls, against Mongolia. In April 2024, he became the only third player in T20Is to hit six consecutive sixes in an over, doing it against Qatar in the ACC Premier Cup. Considered as one of Nepal's finest All-rounders, he is currently the six best T20I all-rounder in the world according to the ICC Men's Player Rankings.

Cricket Association of Nepal
Cricket Association of Nepal (CAN) is the official governing body of cricket in Nepal. Its headquarters are situated in Mulpani, Kathmandu. It is Nepal's representative at the International Cricket Council and has been an associate member since 1996 AD (2053 BS). It is also a member of the Asian Cricket Council (ACC).

The board was dissolved by the government of Nepal in November 2014 on the grounds of incompetence and a three-member ad hoc committee was established with a new president designated by the government itself.

In April 2016, CAN was suspended by the International Cricket Council (ICC), on the grounds of government interference in its operations. However the suspension did not prevent Nepal's national teams from participating in ICC tournaments.

The ICC welcomed the elections of the board held in September 2019.  On 13 October 2019, the ICC lifted its suspension of the Cricket Association of Nepal, and formally reinstated the board on a conditional basis on 14 October.
Louisiana Army Ammunition Plant
The Louisiana Army Ammunition Plant, formerly known as the Louisiana Ordnance Plant or as The Shell Plant, is an inactive 14,974-acre (60.60 km2) plant to load, assemble and pack ammunitions items. During production from 1942 to 1994, the Army disposed of untreated explosives-laden wastewater in on-site lagoons, contaminating soil, sediments and groundwater with hazardous chemicals. It is a State of Louisiana government-owned, Louisiana Military Department operated facility located off U.S. Highway 80 in Webster Parish near Doyline between Minden and Bossier City, Louisiana. The former LAAP was turned over to the State of Louisiana from the federal government in 2005 and is now known as Camp Minden Training Site, a training center for the Louisiana Army National Guard. LAAP and Camp Minden have become interchangeable terms, with most references to Camp Minden.

Bossier City, Louisiana
Bossier City (/ˈboʊʒər/ BOH-zhər) is a city in Bossier Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 62,701 at the 2020 census. Located on the eastern bank of the Red River, Bossier City is closely tied economically and socially to its sister city, Shreveport, on the western bank. It is the second-most populous city in the Shreveport–Bossier City metropolitan area. The parish operates its own community college, Bossier Parish Community College.
Leonard Cohen: Bird on a Wire
Leonard Cohen: Bird on a Wire, originally titled Bird on a Wire, is a 1974 documentary that chronicles a troubled 1972 concert tour of Europe and Israel by the Canadian singer and songwriter Leonard Cohen.

It was directed by British filmmaker Tony Palmer, with cinematography by Les Young. The film takes its name from the Cohen song Bird on the Wire.

The film, after extensive re-editing from its initial version, opened in London in 1974. It was shown on German television, but it disappeared for decades and was considered a lost film. Its original version, restored by the director, was released on DVD in 2010 and had its first theatrical release in 2017.

Tony Palmer (director)
Tony Palmer (born 29 August 1941) is a British film director and author. His work includes over 100 films, ranging from early works with the Beatles, Cream, Jimi Hendrix, Rory Gallagher (Irish Tour '74) and Frank Zappa (200 Motels), to his classical portraits which include profiles of Maria Callas, Margot Fonteyn, John Osborne, Igor Stravinsky, Richard Wagner, Yehudi Menuhin, Julian Lloyd Webber, Carl Orff, Benjamin Britten and Ralph Vaughan Williams.  He is also a stage director of theatre and opera.

Among over 40 international prizes for his work are 12 Gold Medals from the New York Film Festival as well as numerous BAFTAs and Emmy Awards. Palmer has won the Prix Italia twice, for A Time There Was in 1980 and At the Haunted End of the Day in 1981. He is a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, and an honorary citizen of both New Orleans and Athens.
Alexander Clark of Balbirnie
Alexander Clark of Balbirnie (died 1591) was a Scottish merchant and Provost of Edinburgh. He was closely involved with English diplomacy.

Alexander Clark was Provost of Edinburgh in 1578 and from 1579 to 1584. His surname can also be written "Clerk" or "Clarke", the historian Michael Lynch uses "Clark". Balbirnie is now part of Glenrothes.

Merk (coin)
The merk (Scottish Gaelic: marg) is a long-obsolete Scottish silver coin. Originally the same word as a money mark of silver, the merk was in circulation at the end of the 16th century and in the 17th century. It was originally valued at 13 shillings 4 pence (exactly 2⁄3 of a pound Scots, or about one shilling sterling), later raised to 14s. Scots.
Edward Oliver Essig
Edward Oliver Essig (29 September 1884 Arcadia, Indiana – 23 November 1964, Lafayette, California) was an American entomologist who specialized in the Hemiptera.

Essig was a professor at the University of California, Berkeley. He wrote Injurious and Beneficial Insects of California (1913), Insects of Western North America (1926), A History of Entomology (1931), College Entomology (1942) and several hundred scientific works on Hemiptera.The Essig Museum of Entomology at UC Berkeley is named for him. He was also interested in horticulture and wrote A check-list of Fuchsias. American Fuchsia Society (1936).

Fuchsia
Fuchsia (/ˈfjuːʃə/ ⓘ FEW-shə) is a genus of flowering plants that consists mostly of shrubs or small trees.

Almost 110 species of Fuchsia are recognized; the vast majority are native to South America, but  a few occur north through Central America to Mexico, and also several from New Zealand to Tahiti. One species, F. magellanica, extends as far as the southern tip of South America, occurring on Tierra del Fuego in the cool temperate zone, but the majority are tropical or subtropical.
Arboretum du Planel
42°57′00″N 2°22′19″E﻿ / ﻿42.95°N 2.372°E﻿ / 42.95; 2.372
The Arboretum du Planel is an arboretum and nature preserve located near the Château d'Arques in Arques, Aude, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. It is open daily without charge.

The arboretum was established in 1933 as a nursery for Eaux et Forêts, and is today a nature preserve with good hiking trails. It contains mature specimens of American red oak, Atlas Cedar, Ginkgo biloba, Liriodendron tulipifera, Sequoiadendron, and other plants.

Sequoiadendron
Sequoiadendron is a genus of evergreen trees, with three species, only one of which survives to the present:

Sequoiadendron giganteum, extant, commonly known as wellingtonia, giant redwood and giant sequoia, growing naturally in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California

† Sequoiadendron chaneyi, the predecessor of Sequoiadendron giganteum, found mostly in the Nevada area of the Tertiary Colorado Plateau until the late Miocene

†Sequoiadendron tchucoticum Late Cretaceous; Enmyvaam River Basin, Russia