hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karnal Municipal Corporation
Karnal Municipal Corporation  is the municipal corporation governing Indian city of Karnal. Municipal Corporation mechanism in India was introduced during British Rule with formation of municipal corporation in Madras (Chennai) in 1688, later followed by municipal corporations in Bombay (Mumbai) and Calcutta (Kolkata) by 1762. Karnal Municipal Corporation is headed by Mayor of city and governed by Commissioner.

Municipal corporation (India)
A municipal corporation is a 
type of local government in India which administers an urban area having a population of one million or more. The growing population and urbanization of various Indian cities highlighted the need for a type of local governing body that could provide services such as healthcare, education, housing and transport by collecting property taxes and administering grants from the state government.

The municipal corporation carries out its function through divisions or departments. For example, water supply and sewage disposal Undertaking, Housing Board, Education Department and Electricity Department.

The 74th Amendment Act defined the formations of urban local governments and their activities.
Sweet Hope
Sweet Hope (2011), an award-winning historical novel by Mary Bucci Bush, tells the story of Italian immigrants living in peonage on a Mississippi Delta cotton plantation in the early 1900s. It was inspired by the experiences of Bush's grandmother, Pasquina Fratini Galavotti, who worked on the Sunnyside Plantation in Arkansas as a child.

Peonage
Peonage is any form of wage labor, financial exploitation, coercive economic practice, or policy in which the victim or a laborer (peon) has little control over employment or economic conditions. A Peon (English /ˈpiːɒn/, from the Spanish peón Spanish pronunciation: [peˈon]) is anyone subject to peonage. Peon and peonage existed both the colonial period and post-colonial period of Latin America, as well as the period after the end of slavery in the United States, when "Black Codes" were passed to retain African-American freedmen as labor through other means.

In Bolivia, indigenous populations were subject to the Mit'a system during the rule of the Inca and Spanish empires. Later this was replaced by a peonage known as pongaje that lasted until the mid-20th century. In Chile peonage took the local form of inquilinaje and lasted until the Chilean land reform in the 1960s. In Ecuador a similar practise was that of the huasipungos.
Shais Rishon
Shais Rishon, also known by the pen name MaNishtana, is an African-American Orthodox rabbi, activist, and writer. He has written for Tablet, Kveller, The Forward, Jewcy, and Hevria, as well as writing a semi-autobiographical novel under his pen name. In 2014, he was included in The Jewish Week's "36 Under 36", an annual list of influential Jews under age 36.

Jewcy
Jewcy is an online magazine of Jewish pop culture and offbeat news.  The site was launched on November 15, 2006. The Guardian has described Jewcy as "a cultural icon" and "at the forefront of a reinvention of Jewish identity by young US Jews". The New York Times has described Jewcy as part of "the Jewish Hipster movement".

In October 2009, the not-for-profit JDub Records announced that it had adopted Jewcy, making it a new project of the seven-year-old organization. Jewcy had over 100,000 unique visitors monthly and over 1,000 bloggers. Lilit Marcus served as editor-in-chief until February 2010, when Jason Diamond took over the position. In 2011, Tablet Magazine acquired Jewcy, and the former has been Jewcy's "big sister" site ever since.

Jewcy went on hiatus in 2018, and became active again in August 2021.
Blue Mountains Botanic Garden
The Blue Mountains Botanic Garden, originally known as the Mount Tomah Botanical Garden, is a 28-hectare (69-acre) public botanic garden located approximately 100 kilometres (62 mi) west of the Sydney central business district at Mount Tomah in the Blue Mountains, in New South Wales, Australia. The garden is heritage-listed and is located on the boundary of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Greater Blue Mountains Area and can be accessed via the Bells Line of Road.

Greater Blue Mountains Area
The Greater Blue Mountains Area is a World Heritage Site located in the Blue Mountains of New South Wales, Australia. The 1,032,649-hectare (2,551,730-acre) area was placed on the World Heritage List at the 24th Session of the World Heritage Committee, held in Cairns in 2000.
RenderMan
The name RenderMan has been used to refer to various technologies and projects related to work initially done by Pixar Animation Studios:

RenderMan Interface Specification (RISpec), an open API (technical specification) developed by Pixar for a standard communications protocol (or interface) between 3D computer graphics programs and rendering programs to describe three-dimensional scenes and turn them into digital photorealistic images
RenderMan Shading Language, a component of the RISpec used to define shaders

Pixar RenderMan, a RISpec-compliant rendering software system developed by Pixar based on their own interface specification

RenderMan, commonly used to refer to other renderers compliant with the RISpec

Photorealism
Photorealism is a genre of art that encompasses painting, drawing and other graphic media, in which an artist studies a photograph and then attempts to reproduce the image as realistically as possible in another medium. Although the term can be used broadly to describe artworks in many different media, it is also used to refer to a specific art movement of American painters that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
Puck bunny
A puck bunny is a term used to describe a female ice hockey fan whose interest in the sport is purported to be primarily motivated by sexual attraction to the players rather than enjoyment of the game itself.  Primarily a Canadian term, it gained popular currency in the 21st century, and in 2004 was added to the second edition of the Canadian Oxford Dictionary.

The term is somewhat analogous to the term groupie as it relates to musicians.  Sociological studies of the phenomenon in minor league hockey indicate that self-proclaimed "puck bunnies" are "'proud as punch' to have sex with the [players]", as it confers social status on them.  However, these transitory relationships are often contrasted with those of girlfriends, with whom players have more stable, long-term relationships. In similar terminology, a female fan who hangs around rodeo cowboys is called a "buckle bunny", in reference to large belt-buckles given as awards.

Girlfriend
A girlfriend is a woman who is a friend, acquaintance or partner to the speaker, usually a female companion with whom one is platonically, romantically, or sexually involved. In a romantic context, this normally signifies a committed relationship where the individuals are not married. Other titles, for example "wife" usually signify that the individuals are legally married.

The analogous term for men is "boyfriend".
Mateus Leme
Mateus Leme is a Brazilian municipality located in the state of Minas Gerais. The city belongs to the mesoregion Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte and to the microregion of Belo Horizonte.  As of 2020, the estimated population was 31,364.

Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (mesoregion)
The mesoregion Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte is one of the twelve mesoregions of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. It is composed of 105 municipalities, distributed across 8 microregions.
It is the most populous and densely populated of all the mesoregions of Minas Gerais.
The largest city by population is Belo Horizonte.

The mesoregion encompasses all the Belo Horizonte metropolitan region (which has only 34 cities), and both should not be confused. The former is a geographical division created by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics for statistical purposes, while the latter is the definition of a metropolitan area.
Zach Myers
Michael Zachary "Zach" Myers (born November 7, 1983) is an American musician who is the guitarist (formerly bassist) for the hard rock band Shinedown. He is also the lead singer, guitarist and a founding member of the rock band The Fairwell, and a member of Allen, Mack, Myers & Moore. He also embarked on a comedy career as part of the duo Campfire Astronauts with comedian Chris Porter.

DOD Electronics
DOD Electronics, or simply DOD, also known as their brand name DigiTech, is an American manufacturing company that makes guitar effects pedals, as well as active crossover gear.  DOD is owned by Cortek, the parent company of Cort Guitars. Their DigiTech Whammy pedal has been called "one of the most significant innovations in pedal tech".
Kirch Group
KirchGruppe (KirchGroup) was a German media group founded by Leo Kirch in the 1950s. It was the dominant buyer and seller of TV programming rights in Germany. By 2000, it controlled a 52.5 percent stake in what became the country's biggest broadcaster, ProSiebenSat.1 Media.

The group collapsed in 2002 largely due to the debts associated with the purchase of sports rights for its television channels and the launch of pay-TV services. It was Germany's biggest corporate collapse since World War II.

KirchMedia declared bankruptcy on 8 April 2002, followed by KirchPayTV on 8 May 2002 and finally KirchBeteiligung on 12 June 2002 along with the holding company for the group, Taurus Holding.

Broadcasting of sports events
The broadcasting of sports events (also known as a sportscast) is the live coverage of sports as a television program, on radio, and other broadcasting media.  It usually involves one and more sports commentators describing events as they happen.
CGK Reddy
Cattamanchi Gopala Krishnamoorthy Reddy (12 January 1921 – 26 December 1994), commonly referred to as CGK Reddy, was an Indian activist, freedom fighter and politician. He was the first general manager of the Deccan Herald, a business manager at The Hindu, editor of Prajavani, founder director of the Research Institute of Newspaper Development (RIND), in Taramani, Chennai (now the Press Institute of India) and former president of The Indian Newspaper Society. During the Emergency, he collaborated closely with George Fernandes, notably as part of the Baroda dynamite case. He helped to found the People's Union for Civil Liberties, and served as President of the Karnataka chapter.

The Indian Newspaper Society
The Indian Newspaper Society (INS; formerly Indian and Eastern Newspaper Society) is an independent body authenticating circulation figures of newspapers and periodicals in India. The INS was founded in 1939, and is headquartered in the capital city of New Delhi.
Fluoroacetaldehyde dehydrogenase
In enzymology, fluoroacetaldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.69) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The three substrates of this enzyme are fluoroacetaldehyde, oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), and water. Its products are fluoroacetic acid, reduced NADH, and a proton.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is fluoroacetaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
2017 Swiss Open Gstaad
The 2017 Swiss Open Gstaad (also known as the 2017 J. Safra Sarasin Swiss Open Gstaad for sponsorship reasons) was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 50th edition of the Swiss Open, and part of the ATP World Tour 250 Series of the 2017 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Roy Emerson Arena in Gstaad, Switzerland, from 24 July through 30 July 2017.

ATP 250 tournaments
The ATP 250 tournaments are the lowest tier of annual men's tennis tournaments on the main ATP Tour, after the four Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Finals, ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, and ATP 500 tournaments. The winners of each tournament are awarded 250 ranking points—which accounts for the name of the series.

As of 2026, the series included 30 tournaments after the retirement of four tournaments (Atlanta, Córdoba, Lyon and Metz), the downgrade of two in 2025 (Estoril for a year, and Newport) and the upgrade of three tournaments to the 500 level (Dallas, Doha and Munich). Draws usually consist of 28 for singles, with Brisbane International (32) and Winston-Salem Open (48) being the only exceptions. Doubles draws consist of 16 teams.

Thomas Muster holds the record for most singles titles at 26, while Mike Bryan holds the record for most doubles titles won with 46.
Kenneth Whyte
Kenneth Whyte (born August 12, 1960) is a Canadian journalist, publisher and author based in Toronto. He was formerly the Senior Vice-President of Public Policy for Rogers Communications and chair of the Donner Canadian Foundation.

William Donner
William Henry Donner (May 21, 1864 in Columbus, Indiana –1953) was an American businessman and philanthropist, who built a fortune in tin plate and steel. Born in Columbus, Indiana, he graduated from Hanover College in 1887. His academic philanthropy led to the creation of the five chairs and the title of Donner Professor.
Cloak and Cipher
Cloak and Cipher is the second full-length album by Canadian indie rock band Land of Talk, released August 24, 2010, on Saddle Creek Records.

The album features special guests including Patrick Watson as well as members of Stars, Thee Silver Mt. Zion, Wintersleep, The Besnard Lakes, Arcade Fire and Esmerine.

The album was named as a longlisted nominee for the 2011 Polaris Music Prize.

The Besnard Lakes
The Besnard Lakes (/ˈbɛznɜːrd/ BEZ-nerd) are a Canadian indie rock band from Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Formed in 2003 by the husband and wife team of Jace Lasek and Olga Goreas, the band also includes Kevin Laing (drums), Richard White (guitar), Sheenah Ko (keyboards) and Robbie MacArthur (guitar).

Two of the band's six albums have been nominated for the Polaris Music Prize.
1980 U.S. Women's Open
The 1980 U.S. Women's Open was the 35th U.S. Women's Open, held July 10–13 at Richland Country Club in Nashville, Tennessee.

Amy Alcott won her only U.S. Women's Open, nine shots ahead of runner-up Hollis Stacy. She entered the final round with an eight-stroke lead; it was the second of her five major titles.

The field of 150 players included 49 amateurs, of which two made the 36-hole cut.

On the weekend, temperatures reached 100 °F (38 °C).

Hollis Stacy
Hollis Stacy (born March 16, 1954) is an American professional golfer. She became a member of the LPGA Tour in 1974, winning four major championships and 18 LPGA Tour events. She was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in the veterans category in 2012.
Achyut Godbole
Achyut Godbole (born 15 August 1950) is an Indian businessman and writer from Mumbai, India. He was  CEO of Patni Computer Systems (later acquired by IGate) and few more leading IT firms in 1980 and 1990s. He was at the position of CEO for almost 23 years in his career in management. He moved to writing.

Patni Computer Systems
Patni Computer Systems Limited was a provider of IT services and business solutions founded by Narendra Patni. It merged with IGATE Corporation in 2011 and operated under the name IGATE Patni until 2012. The company has employed over 18,000 people in 23 international offices across the Americas, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific region, as well as offshore development centres in eight cities in India. Patni's clients included more than 360 Fortune 1000 companies.

In 2009, Patni Computer Systems appointed Jeya Kumar as the new CEO following a two-year global search. After taking charge, Kumar traveled extensively and met with clients, leading the company through its "Patni 2.0" phase with a vision for the company's future.
1969 Currie Cup
The 1969 Currie Cup was the 31st edition of the Currie Cup, the premier annual domestic rugby union competition in South Africa.

The tournament was won by Northern Transvaal for the fourth time; they beat Western Province 28–13 in the final in Pretoria.

Bulls (rugby union)
The Bulls (known for sponsorship reasons as the Vodacom Bulls) are a South African professional rugby union team based in Pretoria. They play their home matches at Loftus Versfeld. They compete in the United Rugby Championship, having competed in the Super Rugby competition until 2020 and the domestic Currie Cup competition.

The side won the Super 14 in 2007, 2009 and 2010, placing them among the most successful teams in Super Rugby history with three titles. They were the most successful team of the Super 14 era (2006–10), winning three out of the five titles. They are the most successful South African team, and the only South African team to win a Super Rugby title.

Formerly known as Northern Transvaal the side has competed in the Currie Cup since 1937 before becoming the Bulls in 1997.
Carlos Souper
Carlos Souper Maturana (7 January 1885 – 22 January 1950) was a Chilean politician and businessman affiliated with the Liberal Party. He served as Deputy for the 2nd Departamental Group (Antofagasta, Tocopilla, El Loa and Taltal) during the 1945–1949 and 1949–1953 legislative periods, although he died in office in 1950.

El Loa
El Loa Province (Spanish: Provincia El Loa) is one of three provinces of the northern Chilean region of Antofagasta (II). It is named after the longest of rivers in Chile, the Loa River. The provincial capital is Calama.
Jean-Paul Troadec
Jean-Paul Troadec (born October 14, 1948 in Saint-Renan, Finistère, France) is a French aerospace engineer and public servant. He is the former President of the French Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile, the country's aviation accident investigation bureau.

Finistère
Finistère (/ˌfɪnɪˈstɛər/; French: [finistɛʁ] ⓘ; Breton: Penn-ar-Bed [ˌpɛnarˈbeːt]) is a department of France in the extreme west of Brittany. Its prefecture is Quimper and its largest city is Brest. In 2019, it had a population of 915,090.
Champagne Moments
"Champagne Moments" is a diss track by American rapper Rick Ross aimed at Canadian rapper Drake. It is a response to "Push Ups", hours after the song was leaked. Champagne Moments was released on April 13, 2024 and was released on to streaming platforms 2 days later. It samples the 1975 song "Je Ne Suis Que De L'Amour" by Paul Mauriat, a clip of Drake performing at a concert saying Rick Ross is his "favourite rapper to rap with on any song", and rapper Cuban Link's Spanish rap song "Nos Tienen Miedo 2", which is a posse cut featuring several underground rappers of Latin descent.

Cuban Link
Felix Delgado (born December 18, 1974), better known by his stage name Cuban Link, is a Cuban-American rapper. Emerging from the underground hip-hop scene in The Bronx, he came to prominence upon discovery by fellow Bronx rapper Fat Joe and mentorship from his close friend Big Pun, and thereafter guest appeared on Pun's 1998 album Capital Punishment. He is also known for being a member of the Bronx-based rap group Terror Squad.

In 1997, Cuban Link made his first on-record performance on the single "Off the Books" by The Beatnuts.
Culpability
In criminal law, culpability, or being culpable, is a measure of the degree to which an agent, such as a person, can be held morally or legally responsible for action and inaction. It has been noted that the word culpability "ordinarily has normative force, for in nonlegal English, a person is culpable only if he is justly to blame for his conduct". The guilt principle requires that in order to convict a person it is necessary to ascertain his voluntary or reckless behaviour, Strict Liability being prohibited.

Omission (law)
In law, an omission is a failure to act, which generally attracts different legal consequences from positive conduct. In the criminal law, an omission will constitute an actus reus and give rise to liability only when the law imposes a duty to act and the defendant is in breach of that duty. In tort law, similarly, liability will be imposed for an omission only exceptionally, when it can be established that the defendant was under a duty to act or duty of care.
Steinernematidae
The 
Steinernematidae are a family of nematodes in the order Rhabditida.

Nematodes of the genus Steinernema are obligate insect parasites that inhabit soil. Xenorhabdus bacteria occupy nematode insecticide and  synergistically kill, digest, and consume insect hosts.

Together with Heterorhabditis, Caenorhabditis, Rhabditis, Pelodera, Strongyloides, Bursilla, Cruznema, and Panagrellus, Sterinernema belongs to the order Rhabditida.

Panagrellus
Panagrellus is a genus of nematodes in the family Panagrolaimidae. commonly found in Northern America. These tiny worms often thrive in decaying matter and in moist environments, with some species, like Panagrellus redivivus, popularly known as “microworms,” frequently used as live food for fish in aquaculture.

Species:

Panagrellus dorsobidentata (Ruhm, 1956)

Panagrellus dubius

Panagrellus filiformis (Sukul, 1971)

Panagrellus ludwigi (de Man, 1910)

Panagrellus nepenthicola (Menzel, 1922)

Panagrellus pycnus Thorne, 1938

Panagrellus redividus Thorne, 1938

Panagrellus redivivoides (Goodey, 1943)

Panagrellus redivivus (Linnaeus, 1767)

Panagrellus ulmi Abolafia, Alizadeh & Khakvar, 2016

Panagrellus ventrodentatus (Heindl-Mengert, 1956)
Anton Schott
Anton Schott (born Schloss Staufeneck, Bavaria, June 24, 1846 - died Stuttgart, January 6, 1913) was a German dramatic tenor. He was an army officer before turning to a musical career. In 1871 he began his studies with Agnes Schebest-Strauss, and by the end of the year had already appeared at the Munich Opera. The following year saw him engaged as leading lyric tenor of the Berlin State Opera. In 1880 he made his London debut, in the title role of Rienzi; two years later he went to Italy with Angelo Neumann's company to appear in the works of Richard Wagner. He made his American debut at the Metropolitan Opera on November 17, 1884, singing the title role of Wagner's Tannhäuser; it marked the beginning of Leopold Damrosch's first season of German opera with the company. He remained with the company until 1887, and subsequently was heard in guest performances with European and South American companies. He also gave concerts. Schott died in 1913.

Leopold Damrosch
Leopold Damrosch (October 22, 1832 – February 15, 1885) was a German American orchestral conductor, composer, violinist, and teacher. He was the patriarch of the Damrosch family, which includes Frank Damrosch and Walter Damrosch.
Steven LoBue
Steven LoBue (born June 17, 1985) is an American high diver.

He participated at the 2017 and 2019 World Aquatics Championships, winning gold and silver medals respectively. LoBue has also been a top competitor on the Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series for many years.

High diving
High diving is the act of diving into water from relatively great heights. High diving can be performed as an adventure sport (as with cliff diving), as a performance stunt (as with many records attempts), or competitively during sporting events.

It debuted at a FINA event at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships in Barcelona, after the sport was added to the federation's list of disciplines. In the world championships, men jump from a 27-metre-high (89 ft) platform while women jump from a 20-metre-high (66 ft) platform. In other official competitions, men generally dive from a height of 22–27 metres (72–89 ft) while women dive from a height of 18–23 metres (59–75 ft). The sport is unique in that athletes are often unable to practice in an authentic environment until the days leading up to a competition. High divers have achieved speeds of descent of 96 kilometres per hour (60 mph).