hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph Knight (cricketer)
Joseph William Knight (20 September 1896 – 3 March 1974) was an English first-class cricketer.

Knight was born at Highworth, Wiltshire in September 1896. While studying at the University of Cambridge he made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Cambridge University against the British Army cricket team at Fenner's in 1921. Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed for a single run in the Cambridge first-innings by William Dickinson, while in their second-innings he was dismissed without scoring by Tom Jameson. Across the match he bowled 19 wicketless overs, conceding 53 runs. In addition to playing first-class cricket, Knight also played minor counties cricket for Wiltshire in 1920–23, making sixteen appearances in the Minor Counties Championship. He died in March 1974 at Childrey, Oxfordshire.

Over (cricket)
In cricket, an over consists of six legal deliveries bowled from one end of a cricket pitch to the player batting at the other end, almost always by a single bowler.

A maiden over is an over in which no runs are scored that count against the bowler (so leg byes and byes may be scored as they are not counted against the bowler). A wicket maiden is a maiden over in which a wicket is also taken. Similarly, double and triple wicket maidens are when two and three wickets are taken in a maiden over.

After six deliveries the umpire calls 'over'; the fielding team switches ends, and a different bowler is selected to bowl from the opposite end. The captain of the fielding team decides which bowler will bowl any given over, and no bowler may bowl two overs in succession.
Clatchard Craig
The fort of Clatchard Craig was located on a hill of the same name by the Tay. A human presence on the site has been identified from the Neolithic period onward and the fort itself was occupied from the sixth century AD until at least the eighth century. It stood close to several places which were centres of secular and religious power during the early Middle Ages including Abernethy, Forteviot, Scone and Moncreiffe. As such it seems to have been an important stronghold of the Picts.

In the late twentieth century AD Clatchard Craig was entirely destroyed by quarrying for aggregate authorised by the British Ministry of Transport. The former site of the fort, now privately owned, remains a quarry.

Abernethy, Perth and Kinross
Abernethy is a village and former burgh in the Perth and Kinross council area and historic county of Perthshire, in the east central Lowlands of Scotland. The village is situated in rural Strathearn, 8 miles (13 km) south-east of the city of Perth, near the River Earn's confluence with the River Tay and on the northern edge of the Ochil Hills.

Formerly the site of a number of Roman encampments, Abernethy became an important Pictish religious and political centre. The village was the setting for the Treaty of Abernethy, where Malcolm Canmore gave allegiance to William the Conqueror and its mediaeval round tower marks the site of a former abbey and, later, collegiate church.

The civil parish of Abernethy also contains the nearby settlement of Aberargie and traditionally extends to Mugdrum Island in the Firth of Tay. It is part of the Almond and Earn ward for elections to Perth and Kinross Council
Woodlawn (Austin, Texas)
Woodlawn, also known as the Pease Mansion as well as Governor Shivers’ Mansion, is a pre-Civil War mansion located at 30.2871° -97.7581° in Austin, Texas. The Greek Revival style house was owned by two Texas governors. Some notable people that have visited the mansion include Sam Houston, General George Custer,  Elisabet Ney, Will Rogers, and Edith Head. Woodlawn was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 25, 1970. Although the house faces Pease Rd, it has two separate entrances. One entrance is off  Niles Rd and the other is off of Northumberland Rd, which is where the mailbox is located.

Elisabet Ney
Bernadina Wilhelmina Elisabeth Ney (January 26, 1833 – June 29, 1907) was a German-American sculptor who spent the first half of her life and career in Europe, producing portraits of famous leaders such as Otto von Bismarck, Giuseppe Garibaldi and King George V of Hanover. At age 39, she immigrated to Texas with her husband, Edmund Montgomery, and became a pioneer in the development of art there. Among her most famous works during her Texas period were life-size marble figures of Sam Houston and Stephen F. Austin, commissions for the Texas State Capitol. A large group of her works are housed in the Elisabet Ney Museum, located in her home and studio in Austin. Other works can be found in the United States Capitol, the Smithsonian American Art Museum, and numerous collections in Germany.
Curt-Eric Holmquist
Curt-Eric Gunnar Holmquist (20 June 1948 – 20 July 2021) was a Swedish conductor.

Holmquist first helped the Swedish dance band Curt Haagers in 1966. He played the organ in the band until he left in 1969. He conducted the Swedish entry, "Diggi-Loo Diggi-Ley", in the 1984 Eurovision Song Contest and performed by the Herreys it won the contest. Holmquist conducted the Swedish entries for the Eurovision Song Contest on six occasions: 1984, 1985, 1987, 1990, 1993 and 1997. In addition to conducting the Swedish entries he also conducted the Belgian entry in 1985.

Holmquist was program director at Liseberg. He was also conductor at Lotta Engberg's sing-along shows (Lotta på Liseberg) at Liseberg.

Holmquist died on 20 July 2021 from leukemia, at the age of 73.

Lotta Engberg
Anna Charlotte "Lotta" Engberg  (born Pedersen; 5 March 1963)  is a Swedish singer.

She represented Sweden in Eurovision Song Contest 1987 with "Boogaloo" after winning Melodifestivalen 1987. She also tried many times in Melodifestivalen in 1984, 1988, 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2012.

She was also a singer in a number of formations including "Trioala" early on, and in dansbands Lotta & Anders Engbergs orkester from 1989 to 1994, and after her divorce from Anders Engberg, in dansband Lotta Engbergs from 1994 until 2002. She continues now as a solo artist. On 2 October 1999, Sweden issued a postage stamp with her portrait. She also has a great number of collaborations including joint albums with Jarl Carlsson in 1987, Christer Sjögren and Willie Nelson, both in 2012.
NEUROD1
Neurogenic differentiation 1 (Neurod1), also called β2, is a transcription factor of the NeuroD-type. It is encoded by the human gene NEUROD1.

In mice, Neurod1 expression is first seen at embryonic day 12 (E12).

It is a member of the Neurod family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, composed of Neurod1, Neurod2, Neurod4, and Neurod6. The protein forms heterodimers with other bHLH proteins and activates transcription of genes that contain a specific DNA sequence known as the E-box. It regulates expression of the insulin gene, and mutations in this gene result in type II diabetes mellitus in mouse models and in human clinical patients.

Neurod1 is found to convert reactive glial cells into functional neurons in the mouse brain in vivo In the adult cortex, Neurod1 expression is a marker of mature excitatory pyramidal neurons in the upper-most layers of the cortex.

Pyramidal cell
Pyramidal cells, or pyramidal neurons, are a type of multipolar neuron found in areas of the brain including the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, and the amygdala. Pyramidal cells are the primary excitation units of the mammalian prefrontal cortex and the corticospinal tract. One of the main structural features of the pyramidal neuron is the conic shaped soma, or cell body, after which the neuron is named. Other key structural features of the pyramidal cell are a single axon, a large apical dendrite, multiple basal dendrites, and the presence of dendritic spines.

Pyramidal neurons are also one of two cell types where the characteristic sign, Negri bodies, are found in post-mortem rabies infection. Pyramidal neurons were first discovered and studied by Santiago Ramón y Cajal. Since then, studies on pyramidal neurons have focused on topics ranging from neuroplasticity to cognition.
Subodh Chandra Hansda
Subodh Chandra Hansda (1927 – 26 September 2004) was member of 5th Lok Sabha from Medinipur (Lok Sabha constituency) in West Bengal State, India.

Hansda was born in the village of Jubrajpur, Midnapore district in 1927. He was elected to 1st and 2nd Lok Sabha from Midinipur and  to 3rd Lok Sabha from Jhargram (Lok Sabha constituency).

Hansda died in Midnapore, West Bengal on 26 September 2004, at the age of 77.

Midnapore district
Midnapore (Pron: mad̪aːniːpur), or sometimes Medinipur, is a former district in the Indian state of West Bengal, headquartered in Midnapore. On 1 January 2002, the district was bifurcated into two separate districts namely Purba Medinipur and Paschim Medinipur. It was the largest district of West Bengal by area and population at the time of bifurcation.
Mesoplates
The term "mesoplates" has been applied in two different contexts within geology and geophysics. The first is applicable to much of the Earth's mantle, and the second to distinct layering within the Earth's crust.

Volcanism
Volcanism, vulcanism, volcanicity, or volcanic activity is the phenomenon where solids, liquids, gases, and their mixtures erupt to the surface of a solid-surface astronomical body such as a planet or a moon. It is caused by the presence of a heat source, usually internally generated, inside the body; the heat is generated by various processes, such as radioactive decay or tidal heating. This heat partially melts solid material in the body or turns material into gas. The mobilized material rises through the body's interior and may break through the solid surface.
Paradistichodus
Paradistichodus is a monospecific genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Distichodontidae. The only species in this genus is Paradistichodus dimidiatus, this fish occurs in West Africa, in the catchment of Lake Chad, as well as the drainages of the Gambia, Casamance, Corubal, Niger and Volta.

Corubal River
The Corubal, also known as the Rio Corubal or Tomine,  is a river of West Africa, a major tributary of the Geba River. For a short distance, it forms the international border between Guinea and Guinea-Bissau. It has a length of approximately 560 kilometres (350 mi).
Papineau (surname)
Papineau is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Joseph Papineau, 19th-century Quebec politician

Louis-Joseph Papineau, son of Joseph Papineau, also a 19th-century Quebec politician; headed the 1837 rebellions against the British government in Canada

Amédée Papineau, son of Louis Joseph Papineau

Denis-Benjamin Papineau, son of Joseph Papineau, was a Joint Premier of the Province of Canada

Talbot Mercer Papineau, Rhodes scholar and soldier, died in the Great War

David Papineau, British philosopher of mind and science

Justin Papineau, Canadian ice hockey player

Amédée Papineau
Louis-Joseph-Amédée Papineau, or Amédée Papineau (1819–1903) was a writer and Québecois patriot and present at the meeting at which the Société des Fils de la Liberté was founded. He was the eldest son of Louis-Joseph Papineau, a leader in the Rebellion of 1837 in Lower Canada, and was involved in the rebellion himself. His father was forced to flee, and Amédée followed him to Saratoga Springs, New York. Between 1837 and 1842, he drew up the first four books of his personal journal as Journal d'un Fils de la Liberté in which he chronicled the events of the 1837 rebellion and his life in exile.

In 1846 Amédée married Mary Eleanor Westcott in Saratoga Springs. After her death in 1890, he converted from Catholicism to Presbyterianism, and in 1896 married Martha Jane Iona Curren. She was 25. Both marriages produced children.

He is the grandfather of Major Talbot Mercer Papineau and the uncle of the journalist Henri Bourassa, the founder of the newspaper Le Devoir.
Memnonia quadrangle
The Memnonia quadrangle is one of a series of 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program. The Memnonia quadrangle is also referred to as MC-16 (Mars Chart-16).

The quadrangle is a region of Mars that covers latitude -30° to 0° and longitude 135° to 180°. The western part of Memnonia is a highly cratered highland region that exhibits a large range of crater degradation.

Memnonia includes the Arcadia Planitia, Amazonis Planitia, Lucus Planum, Terra Sirenum, Daedalia Planum, and Terra Cimmeria regions.

Many ancient river valleys including Mangala Vallis, have been found in the Memnonia quadrangle. Mangala appears to have begun with the formation of a graben, a set of faults that may have exposed an aquifer.

Terra Cimmeria
Terra Cimmeria is a large Martian region, centered at 34°42′S 145°00′E﻿ / ﻿34.7°S 145°E﻿ / -34.7; 145 and covering 5,400 km (3,400 mi) at its broadest extent. It covers latitudes 15 N to 75 S and longitudes 170 to 260 W.  It lies in the Eridania quadrangle.  Terra Cimmeria is one part of the heavily cratered, southern highland region of the planet. The Spirit rover landed near the area.

The word Cimmerium comes from an ancient Thracian seafaring people. The land was always covered in clouds and mist.

A high altitude visual phenomena, probably a condensation cloud, was seen above this region in late March 2012. NASA tried to observe it with some of its Mars orbiters, including the THEMIS instrument on the 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft and MARCI on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.
Michael Poppmeier
Michael Poppmeier (born 24 July 1982 in Durban) is a German international rugby union player, playing for the Villagers in South Africa and the German national rugby union team.

He returned to the German side against Georgia on 7 February 2009 after a five-year absence, having made his last international in 2004.

Poppmeier, born in South Africa, started playing rugby in 2000. He has played for Villagers, DRC Hannover, Rosslyn Park F.C., Lazio Rugby and San Gregorio Rugby so far.

DRC Hannover
The DRC Hannover is a German rugby union club from Hannover, currently playing in the Rugby-Regionalliga. The club should not be confused with the DRC 1884 Hannover, a rowing club and a separate entity.
Rāgmala (Sikhism)
Ragmala, alternatively spelt as Raagmala or Ragamala (Punjabi: ਰਾਗਮਾਲਾ (Gurmukhi); pronounced rāgmālā,) is a composition of twelve verses (sixty lines) that names various raga. These raga appear in the saroops of Guru Granth Sahib, after the compositions of Guru Arjan entitled Mundavani (ਮੁੰਦਾਵਣੀ; meaning "The Royal Seal".)

The title literally means a 'Garland of Raga’, or a ‘Mode of Musical Melodies’ - "mala" means "garland", while "raga" means “musical composition or mode.” This work has inspired the series of Ragamala paintings. The list differs according to the author and the music school it is based upon. Variations on these lists can be found in the music text books of India.

Gurmukhi
Gurmukhī (Punjabi: ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ [ˈɡʊɾᵊmʊkʰiː], Shahmukhi: گُرمُکھی) is an abugida developed from the Laṇḍā scripts, standardized and used by the second Sikh guru, Guru Angad (1504–1552). Commonly regarded as a Sikh script, Gurmukhi is used in Punjab, India as the official script of the Punjabi language.

The primary scripture of Sikhism, the Guru Granth Sahib, is written in Gurmukhī, in various dialects and languages often subsumed under the generic title Sant Bhasha or "saint language", in addition to other languages like Persian and various phases of Indo-Aryan languages.

Modern Gurmukhī has thirty-five original letters, hence its common alternative term paintī or "the thirty-five", plus six additional consonants, nine vowel diacritics, two diacritics for nasal sounds, one diacritic that geminates consonants and three subscript characters.
Loves of Three Queens
Loves of Three Queens (Italian: L'amante di Paride), also known as The Face That Launched a Thousand Ships, is a 1954 Italian anthology film. It was directed by Marc Allégret and Edgar G. Ulmer and stars Hedy Lamarr.

Anthology film
An anthology film (also known as an omnibus film, package film or portmanteau film) is a single film consisting of three or more shorter films, each complete in itself and distinguished from the other, though frequently tied together by a single theme, premise, or author. Sometimes each one is directed by a different director or written by a different author, or may even have been made at different times or in different countries. Anthology films are distinguished from "revue films" such as Paramount on Parade (1930)—which were common in Hollywood in the early decades of sound film, composite films, and compilation films.

Anthology films are often mistaken for hyperlink cinema. Hyperlink cinema shows parts of many stories throughout a film, whereas anthology films show story segments of one at a time. Some mistaken examples include Pulp Fiction (1994) and Amores Perros (2000), distributing their storylines non-chronologically, separated by segments.
Gontia (deity)
Gontia (/ˈɡɒntiə/) was a Celtic goddess. She was the tutelary deity of the river Günz, near Günzburg in Germany. She is known from an inscription on a Roman-era altar at Günzburg (Latin: Guntia) that reads Gontiae / sac(rum) / G(aius!) Iulius / Faventianus / (centurio) leg(ionis) I Ital(icae), 'Gaius Julius Faventianus, centurion of the Legio I Italica, (made) this offering to Gontia'.

Günz
The Günz (German pronunciation: [ɡʏnts]) is a river in Bavaria, Germany.

It is formed near Lauben by the confluence of its two source rivers: the Östliche Günz (eastern Günz) and the Westliche Günz (western Günz). It is approx. 87 km (54 mi) long (including its western source river). It flows generally north through the small towns Babenhausen, Deisenhausen, Ichenhausen and Kötz. It is a right tributary of the Danube in Günzburg.
Grant Gordon
Rowan Grant Gordon (October 13, 1900 – March 20, 1954) was a Canadian ice hockey player who competed in the 1928 Winter Olympics. He was born in Pembroke, Ontario.

In 1928, he was a member of the University of Toronto Grads, the Canadian team which won the gold medal. He later worked as a lawyer until his death in 1954.

Pembroke, Ontario
Pembroke (/ˈpɛmbrʊk/ PEM-brook) is a city in eastern Ontario, Canada, located at the confluence of the Muskrat River and the Ottawa River in the Ottawa Valley. It lies approximately 145 kilometres (90 mi) northwest of Ottawa. It serves as the county seat of Renfrew County and functions as a regional administrative, judicial, healthcare, and commercial centre for surrounding communities, independent of the county government.

Historically, Pembroke developed as an important centre of the Ottawa Valley lumber trade, a role that shaped its early growth and institutional development. As of the 2021 Census, the city had a population of 14,364.
UNSW Lowy Cancer Research Centre
The Lowy Cancer Research Centre is a facility at The University of New South Wales. It is Australia's first facility bringing together researchers in childhood and adult cancers, and one of the country's largest cancer research facilities, housing up to 400 researchers. The centre, named for businessman Frank Lowy, who donated $10 million towards the project, was officially opened on 28 May 2010. It is home to researchers from the UNSW Faculty of Medicine and Children's Cancer Institute Australia. The inaugural director is Professor Philip Hogg, winner of the Cancer Institute NSW Premier's Award for Outstanding Cancer Research in 2009.

UNSW Faculty of Medicine & Health
The Faculty of Medicine & Health is a constituent body of the University of New South Wales, Australia.

The Faculty was established in June 1960 under founding dean Professor Frank Rundle. It has nine schools:

School of Medical Sciences

School of Psychiatry

School of Public Health and Community Medicine

School of Women's and Children's Health

Prince of Wales Clinical School

Rural Clinical School

St George and Sutherland Clinical School

St Vincent's Clinical School

South Western Sydney Clinical School
Gone Troppo
Gone Troppo is the tenth studio album by the English rock musician George Harrison, released on 5 November 1982 by Dark Horse Records. It includes "Wake Up My Love", issued as a single, and "Dream Away", which was the theme song for the 1981 HandMade Films production Time Bandits. Harrison produced the album with Ray Cooper and former Beatles engineer Phil McDonald.

With Harrison uninterested in the contemporary music scene and unwilling to promote the release, Gone Troppo failed to chart in the United Kingdom, and it was his only post-Beatles studio album not to chart inside the top 20 in the United States. For the next five years, he largely took an extended hiatus from his music career, with only the occasional soundtrack recording surfacing.

Phil McDonald
Philip McDonald is an English recording studio audio engineer, best known as the engineer for EMI and later for Apple Records during the Beatles' studio years, along with Geoff Emerick and others. McDonald joined Apple as a senior balance engineer, at the age of 25. Aside from his work on Beatles albums, he was responsible for engineering on recordings by John Lennon, George Harrison, the Shadows, Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr, The Rolling Stones, Roy Harper, Badfinger, Rhead Brothers, Roger Daltrey, and Squeeze.
Ladislav Holý
Ladislav Holý (1933–1997) was a Czech anthropologist and Africanist of the British school of social anthropology. He combined interpretative approach with methodological individualism, most notably in the Actions, Norms and Representations, co-written with Milan Stuchlik.

Methodological individualism
In the social sciences, methodological individualism is a method for explaining social phenomena strictly in terms of the decisions of individuals, each being moved by their own personal motivations. In contrast, explanations of social phenomena which assume that cause and effect acts upon whole classes or groups are deemed illusory, and thus rejected according to this approach. Or to put it another way, only group dynamics which can be explained in terms of individual subjective motivations are considered valid. With its bottom-up micro-level approach, methodological individualism is often contrasted with methodological holism, a top-down macro-level approach, and methodological pluralism.
3rd Lahore Divisional Area
The 3rd Lahore Divisional Area was an infantry division of the British Indian Army that formed part of the Indian Army during the First World War.  It was formed in September 1914 to replace the original 3rd (Lahore) Division that had been mobilized in August 1914 for service on the Western Front.  It was abolished in May 1917 when its remaining responsibilities were passed on to the 16th Indian Division.

Indian Army during World War I
The Indian Army, also called the British Indian Army, was involved in World War I as part of the British Empire. More than one million Indian troops served overseas, of whom more than 60,000 died during the war.

In World War I the Indian Army fought against the German Empire on the Western Front. At the First Battle of Ypres, Khudadad Khan became the first Indian to be awarded a Victoria Cross. Indian divisions were also sent to Egypt, Gallipoli, German East Africa and nearly 700,000 served in Mesopotamia against the Ottoman Empire. While some divisions were sent overseas others had to remain in India guarding the North West Frontier and on internal security and training duties.

Field-Marshal Sir Claude Auchinleck, Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army from 1942 asserted that the British "couldn't have come through both World War I and II if they hadn't had the Indian Army."