hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dcraw
dcraw is an open-source computer program which is able to read numerous raw image format files, typically produced by mid-range and high-end digital cameras.  dcraw converts these images into the standard TIFF and PPM image formats. This conversion is sometimes referred to as developing a raw image (by analogy with the process of film development) since it renders raw image sensor data (a "digital negative") into a viewable form.

A number of other image processing programs use dcraw internally to enable them to read raw files.

Development of dcraw began on February 23, 1997. Version 1.0 was released in revision 1.18, on May 5, 2000. Versions up to 3.15 used the name Canon PowerShot Converter, starting with v3.40 the name was Raw Photo Decoder, switching to Raw Photo Decoder "dcraw" in v5.70. Version 8.86 supported 300 cameras.

The development has stalled, with only two releases since May 2015 and the last release dated June 2018, but parts of dcraw are included in LibRaw.

Photographic processing
Photographic processing or photographic development is the chemical means by which photographic film or paper is treated after photographic exposure to produce a negative or positive image. Photographic processing transforms the latent image into a visible image, makes this permanent and renders it insensitive to light.

All processes based upon the gelatin silver process are similar, regardless of the film or paper's manufacturer. Exceptional variations include instant films such as those made by Polaroid and thermally developed films.  Kodachrome required Kodak's proprietary K-14 process.  Kodachrome film production ceased in 2009, and K-14 processing is no longer available as of December 30, 2010. Ilfochrome materials use the dye destruction process. Deliberately using the wrong process for a film is known as cross processing.
Leányfalu
Leányfalu is a riverside village in Pest county, Budapest metropolitan area, Hungary. It is just north of Szentendre located at 47°43′36″N 19°5′22″E﻿ / ﻿47.72667°N 19.08944°E﻿ / 47.72667; 19.08944. Located between the branch of the Little Danube (Kis-Duna) and the spurs of the Visegrád Mountains, Leányfalu stretches some 5 kilometres in length. It was declared a holiday resort in 1936 and became an independent municipality in 1949.

To visit Leányfalu from Budapest, take the local Volán buses on the Budapest Újpest-Városkapu – Tahitótfalu – Visegrád – Esztergom line, which leaves around one to three times per hour. By automobile, take route 11 passing through Szentendre.

Esztergom
Esztergom (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈɛstɛrɡom] ⓘ; German: Gran; Latin: Solva or Strigonium; Slovak: Ostrihom, known by alternative names) is a city with county rights in northern Hungary, 46 kilometres (29 miles) northwest of the capital Budapest. It lies in Komárom-Esztergom County, on the right bank of the river Danube, which forms the border with Slovakia there. Esztergom was the capital of Hungary from the 10th until the mid-13th century when King Béla IV of Hungary moved the royal seat to Buda.

Esztergom is the seat of the prímás (see Primate) of the Catholic Church in Hungary, and the former seat of the Constitutional Court of Hungary. The city has a Christian Museum with the largest ecclesiastical collection in Hungary. Its cathedral, Esztergom Basilica, is the largest church in Hungary. Near the Basilica there is a campus of the Pázmány Péter Catholic University.
Wilczyna (mountain)
The Wilczyna (German: Wolfsberg) is a mountain in the Owl Mountains, part of Central Sudetes. Its height is 665 metres above sea level. It lies in Owl Mountains Landscape Park.

The mountain is situated in Dzierżoniów County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

50°40′08″N 16°34′12″E﻿ / ﻿50.66889°N 16.57000°E﻿ / 50.66889; 16.57000

Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship (Polish: województwo dolnośląskie, [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ dɔlnɔˈɕlɔ̃skjɛ] ⓘ) in southwestern Poland, is one of the 16 voivodeships (provinces) into which Poland is divided. It covers an area of 19,946 square kilometres (7,701 sq mi) and as of 2019 has a total population of 2,899,986.

It is one of the wealthiest provinces in Poland, as natural resources such as copper, brown coal and rock materials are widely present.

Its capital and largest city is Wrocław, situated on the Oder River. The voivodeship is host to several spa towns, many castles and palaces, and the Giant Mountains, with several ski resorts. For this reason, tourism is a large part of this region's economy.
Deaths in September 2023
The following is a list of notable deaths in September 2023.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia
The Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia is the state parliament (Landtag) of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, which convenes in the state capital of Düsseldorf, in the eastern part of the district of Hafen. The parliament is the central legislative body in the political system of North Rhine-Westphalia. In addition to the passage of laws, its most important tasks are the election of the Minister-President of the state and the administration of the government. The current government is a coalition of the CDU and the Greens, supporting the cabinet of Minister-President Hendrik Wüst since June 2022.

The most recent state election took place on 15 May 2022.
Colors Straight Up
Colors Straight Up is a 1997 American documentary film directed by Michèle Ohayon about the non-profit organization Colors United, which teaches drama to inner city youth. The film depicts the creation of a musical called Watts Side Story. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.

Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film
The Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film is an award for documentary films. In 1941, the first awards for feature-length documentaries were bestowed as Special Awards to Kukan and Target for Tonight. They have since been bestowed competitively each year, with the exception of 1946. Copies of every winning film (along with copies of most nominees) are held by the Academy Film Archive.
Micklem
Micklem is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Caryl Micklem (1925–2003), English minister in the Congregational and United Reformed churches, hymn writer and religious broadcaster

Gerald Micklem (1911–1988), English golfer and golf administrator

Nathaniel Micklem (politician) (1853–1954), British politician and lawyer

Nathaniel Micklem (theologian) (1888–1976), British theologian and activist

Philip Micklem (1876–1965), English Anglican priest

Robert Micklem (1891–1952), English Royal Navy officer and businessman

Sarah Micklem, American writer

Gerald Micklem
Gerald Hugh Micklem CBE (14 August 1911 – 21 May 1988) was an English amateur golfer and administrator. He played in four Walker Cup matches between 1947 and 1955 and was non-playing captain in 1957 and 1959.

Micklem had limited success as a golfer before World War II, but gained an Oxford blue for golf and reached the final of the 1936 Addington Foursomes. He gained national attention when he reached the semi-final of the 1946 Amateur Championship and won the English Amateur. He played in the Walker Cup four times and won the English Amateur for a second time in 1953. Micklem later acted as a golf administrator and chaired various committees at The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews (R&A). He was captain of the R&A in 1968 and received the Bob Jones Award in 1969 and the Walter Hagen Award in 1970. He was awarded a CBE in the 1969 New Year Honours.
Ahmad Reza Djalali
Ahmad Reza Djalali (born 15 September 1971) is an Iranian-Swedish physician and researcher in  disaster medicine. He has worked at several European universities, including the  Karolinska University of Sweden, where he earned his PhD, the Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, and  Vrije Universiteit Brussel. He has also collaborated with universities in Iran and maintained international academic connections.

Djalali was arrested in April 2016 while visiting Iran and later sentenced to death on charges of espionage and treason. Human rights organizations have described his trial as unfair. Djalali has stated that he was tortured and threatened during his detention. His case has been described by human rights advocates as a form of retaliatory punishment linked to international legal proceedings, and possibly a case of academic hostage diplomacy.

University of Eastern Piedmont
The University of Eastern Piedmont "Amedeo Avogadro" (Italian: Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro"; shortened to UNIPMN or UPO) is a university located in Alessandria, Novara and Vercelli, in the region of Piedmont, Italy. It was founded in 1998 and is organized in seven faculties, which before then were part of the University of Turin.
Muzammil Murtaza
Muzammil Murtaza (born 12 November 1999), is Pakistani tennis player. He won the silver medal at the 2017 Islamic Solidarity Games as a member of the Pakistani team in a men's team event.

Murtaza has a career high ATP singles ranking of No. 1,365 achieved on 30 July 2018 and a doubles ranking of No. 1,100 achieved on 8 December 2025.

Murtaza has represented Pakistan in Davis Cup, where he has a win-loss record of 0–8.

He participated at the 2018 Asian Games on men's doubles with Muhammad Abid and mixed doubles with Sarah Mahboob Khan.

Tennis at the 2018 Asian Games
Tennis at the 2018 Asian Games was held at the Tennis Court of Jakabaring Sport City, Palembang, Indonesia from 19 to 25 August 2018.

Tennis had doubles and singles events for men and women, as well as a mixed doubles competition.
Phyllonorycter leucocorona
Phyllonorycter leucocorona is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from the islands of Hokkaidō, Honshū and Kyūshū in Japan.

The larvae feed on Quercus dentata and Quercus serrata. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Quercus dentata
Quercus dentata, also called Japanese emperor oak, daimyo oak, or  Korean oak (Japanese: 柏, kashiwa; traditional Chinese: 柞櫟; simplified Chinese: 柞栎; pinyin: zuòlì; Korean: 떡갈나무, tteokgalnamu), is a species of oak native to East Asia (Japan, Korea and China). The name of the tree is often translated as "sweet oak" in English to distinguish it from Western varieties. It is placed in section Quercus.
Deaver
Deaver is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Affadilla Deaver (1808–1876), conductor on the Underground Railroad

Bascom S. Deaver (born 1930), American physicist

Bascom Sine Deaver (1882–1944), American judge

Jeffery Deaver (born 1950), American writer

John Blair Deaver (1855-1931), American surgeon

Michael Deaver (1938–2007), advisor to Ronald Reagan

Philip F. Deaver (1946–2018), American writer

Richard Deaver (born 1931), American sailor

John Blair Deaver
John Blair Deaver (July 25, 1855 - September 25, 1931) was an American surgeon and educator who taught surgery at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine for over twenty years including as John Rhea Barton Professor of Surgery from 1918 to 1922 and as emeritus professor of surgery from 1922 to 1931. He served as chief of surgery at the German Hospital in Philadelphia for over 40 years. He was an innovator in abdominal surgery and an advocate of early and preventative appendectomies. He was a prolific surgeon and it is estimated he performed 100,000 surgeries during the course of his career. He was known for the Deaver incision used during appendectomies and invented the Deaver retractor used in abdominal surgeries. He was a founding member of the American College of Surgeons and served as the fifth president from 1921 to 1922.
Isoberlinia doka
Isoberlinia doka is a hardwood tree native to African tropical savannas and Guinean forest-savanna mosaic dry forests where it can form single species stands.  The tree is exploited for its economic value as a commercial timber.  The leaves and shoots of the tree dominate the diet of the Giant Eland in its range.  The tree is a host plant for Anaphe moloneyi (superfamily Thaumetopoeidae), one of the caterpillars that produces a wild silk, sayan, local to parts of Nigeria.

Thaumetopoeinae
Thaumetopoeinae is a subfamily of moths in the family Notodontidae. This group is sometimes treated as a family Thaumetopoeidae with three subfamilies: Thaumetopoeinae, Anaphinae and Epicominae. However, it is now commonly treated at subfamily rank based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence.

The etymology of the subfamily name derives from the Ancient Greek words θαυματόεις (thaumatóeis, 'marvelous') and ποιέω (poiéō, 'to do') and literally means showing beautiful things. This explains why the name is sometimes spelled Thaumatopoeinae, incorrectly from the taxonomic standpoint, but in accordance with etymology.

The larval stage of some Thaumetopoeinae are known as processionary caterpillars, so named because they move in columns in search of food, resembling a procession. Some of the species, like the pine and oak processionaries, can constitute a health hazard due to their urticating hairs.
Iraia
Iraia (Greek: Ηραία) is a former municipality in Arcadia, Peloponnese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it became a municipal unit of the municipality of Gortynia. The municipal unit has an area of 144.002 km2. Its population is 960, according to the 2021 census. The seat of the municipality was in Paloumpa. The municipality is named after the ancient Arcadian city of Heraia. The region was known in recent times for the construction workers (mastori) who came from the villages of Servos and Lyssarea. Pausanias describes the ancient cities of Heraia and Melaineai and their buildings. An excavation near Lyssarea uncovered buildings, mosaics, as well as gold and silver coins.

Melaeneae
Melaeneae or Melaineai (Ancient Greek: Μελαινεαί), or Melaenae or Melainai (Μελαιναί), was an ancient town in the Greek region of Arcadia. Pausanias mentions that it laid on the road from Heraea to Megalopolis, 40 stadia from Buphagium. He further says that it was founded by Melaeneus, the son of Lycaon, but that it was deserted in his time and overflowed with water. However, it still features on the Tabula Peutingeriana.

The site cannot be located with certainty to this day, but it is probably close to modern-day Kephalovrisi. To the south of the village of Kokora exist ruins of ancient buildings; 19th century explorers also described the remains of a thermal bath complex to the south of the nearby village of Kakoureika which was covered in water.

Extensive archaeological research has not taken place, but an ancient quarry and Doric architectural elements have been found.
Trigraph of Christ
Trigraph of Christ is a fresco fragment by Andrea Mantegna, dated to 1452. It was originally above the main doorway of Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua and is now in the city's Museo Antoniano. It shows Christ represented by the trigraph 'IHS', between Antony of Padua (left) and Bernardino of Siena (right).

Trigraph (orthography)
A trigraph (from Ancient Greek  τρεῖς (treîs) 'three' and  γράφω (gráphō) 'to write') is a group of three characters used to represent a single sound or a combination of sounds that does not correspond to the written letters combined.
2026 Ostrava Open
The 2026 Ostrava Open was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was a WTA 250 tournament on the 2026 WTA Tour. This was the fourth edition of the tournament and the first since 2022, when it was held as a WTA 500 tournament. The event took place at the Ostravar Aréna in Ostrava, Czech Republic, from 1 through 7 February 2026.

Lucie Havlíčková
Lucie Havlíčková (born 13 March 2005) is a Czech tennis player.

She has career-high rankings by the Women's Tennis Association of 196 in singles and 313 in doubles, achieved July 2023 and October 2025, respectively.

Havlíčková made her WTA Tour main-draw debut at the 2021 Prague Open, where she received wildcards into the singles and doubles tournaments.

Havlíčková won both the 2022 French Open girls' singles and doubles titles.
Ho Ro Bin
Ho Ro Bin (Chinese: 何諾賓; pinyin: hé nuò bīn) is a retired competitive wushu taolu athlete and actor from Malaysia. He is the first Malaysian athlete who have won gold medals in all major international wushu competitions including the World Wushu Championships, Asian Games, Asian Wushu Championships, and the SEA Games.

World Wushu Championships
The World Wushu Championships (WWC) is an international sports championship hosted by the International Wushu Federation (IWUF) for the sports of wushu taolu and sanda (sanshou). The tournament has been held biennially since 1991 and is the pinnacle event of the IWUF. The World Wushu Championships also coincides with the IWUF Congress and various committee meetings. This competition additionally serves as the qualification event for the Taolu World Cup and the Sanda World Cup.
1940 Memorial Cup
The 1940 Memorial Cup final was the 22nd junior ice hockey championship of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association. The George Richardson Memorial Trophy champions Oshawa Generals of the Ontario Hockey Association in Eastern Canada competed against the Abbott Cup champions Kenora Thistles of the Manitoba Junior Hockey League in Western Canada. In a best-of-five series, held at Shea's Amphitheatre in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Oshawa won their 2nd and consecutive Memorial Cup, defeating Kenora 3 games to 1.

Canadian Amateur Hockey Association
The Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA; French: Association canadienne de hockey amateur) was the national governing body of amateur ice hockey in Canada from 1914 until 1994, when it merged with Hockey Canada. Its jurisdiction included senior ice hockey leagues and the Allan Cup, junior ice hockey leagues and the Memorial Cup, amateur minor ice hockey leagues in Canada, and choosing the representative of the Canada men's national ice hockey team.
Indian Lake State Forest
The Indian Lake State Forest is approximately 4,466 acres of gently rolling sandhills and pastures just north of historic Silver Springs in Marion County, Florida. This property was acquired in 2007 and 2008 under the Florida Forever program, with additional money from Marion County and help from The Nature Conservancy, Silver Springs Working Group, and the Department of Environmental Protection.

The Nature Conservancy
The Nature Conservancy (TNC) is a global environmental organization headquartered in Arlington, Virginia, United States. As of 2021, it works via affiliates or branches in 79 countries and territories, as well as across every state in the US.

Founded in 1951, The Nature Conservancy has over one million members globally as of 2021 and has protected more than 119 million acres (48 million ha) of land in its history. As of 2014, it is the largest environmental non-profit organization by assets and revenue in the Americas.
PROCYON
PROCYON (Proximate Object Close flyby with Optical Navigation) was an asteroid flyby space probe that was launched together with Hayabusa2 on 3 December 2014 13:22:04 (JST). It was developed by University of Tokyo and JAXA.
It was a small (70 kg, approx. 60 cm cube), low cost (¥500 million) spacecraft.

It was intended to flyby the asteroid (185851) 2000 DP107 in 2016, but the plan was abandoned due to the malfunction of the ion thruster.

Geocorona
The geocorona is the luminous part of the outermost region of the Earth's atmosphere, called the exosphere. It is seen primarily via far-ultraviolet light (Lyman-alpha) from the Sun that is scattered from neutral hydrogen. It extends to at minimum 15.5 Earth radii and probably up to about 100 Earth radii (for context, the Moon is approx. 60 Earth radii away). The geocorona has been studied from outer space by the Astrid satellites and the Galileo spacecraft (among others), using its ultraviolet spectrometer (UVS) during an Earth flyby.
Bjärv
Bjärv is a modern folk ensemble from Sweden.

Mikael Grafström plays guitar and is from Ångermanland, Sweden; Fiddler Olof Gothlin is from Värmland, Sweden; Benjamin R. Teitelbaum is from Evergreen, Colorado and plays nyckelharpa. The three met at the Eric Sahlström Institute in Tobo, Sweden in 2001.

Mikael and Olof are study folk music at the music academy in Malmö, Sweden.
Olof became a Riksspelman in 2006.
Mikael Grafström is an increasingly prominent nyckelharpa builder.
Benjamin has studied at Bethany College and the Royal College of Music in Stockholm, becoming the first North American to earn a bachelor's degree in nyckelharpa performance. Ben is a doctoral student in ethnomusicology at Brown University.

The band's name is a portmanteau of the Swedish words for bear and wolverine.

They have toured the United States frequently during the last ten years.

Riksspelman
The title of riksspelman (Swedish: [ˈrɪ̂ksˌspeːlman], National Spelman) is a generally recognized badge of mastery for Swedish folk musicians.  It is an honor bestowed upon bearers of the silver or gold Zorn Badge, awarded annually by the Zorn Jury, a panel of experts under the auspices of Svenska Folkdansringen.  The silver Zorn Badge is the highest award attainable for musicians who play before the Zorn Jury in their annual Zorn Trials.  (Other possible awards include a certificate, bronze Zorn Badge, and post-bronze certificate.)  The gold Zorn Badge cannot be sought, but is reserved for one or two master musicians pre-selected by the Jury.

Since the creation of the riksspelman title in 1933, it has been awarded to an average of ten people per year.  Sweden today has approximately 300 living riksspelmän. Since 2013 Denmark has a corresponding title of rigsspillemand, which has been bestowed on 23 musicians who play Danish traditional music.
Liam Murray
Liam Murray (born 17 October 1997) is a Canadian rugby union player, currently playing for the Dallas Jackals of Major League Rugby (MLR) and the Canadian national team. His preferred position is prop.

Dallas Jackals
The Dallas Jackals were a Major League Rugby team that began play in the 2022 season as an expansion franchise. They were originally going to join the MLR for the 2021 season, but on January 19, 2021, the Jackals delayed their inaugural season to 2022. The team was based in Arlington, Texas, playing at Choctaw Stadium. The club ceased operations in September 2024.
Waterproof High School
Waterproof High School, in Waterproof, Louisiana, in Tensas Parish is a high school whose former building was built in 1926.  The former high school is located on Main St. between Church Lane and Mississippi Street.

The building was designed by W.E. Stephens and W.E. Spink and features a Classical Revival central pavilion.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

Tensas Parish, Louisiana
Tensas Parish (French: Paroisse des Tensas) is a parish located in the northeastern section of the State of Louisiana; its eastern border is the Mississippi River. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,147. It is the least populated parish in Louisiana. The parish seat is St. Joseph. The name Tensas is derived from the historic indigenous Taensa people. The parish was founded in 1843 following Indian Removal.

The parish was developed for cotton agriculture, which dominated the economy through the early 20th century. There has also been some cattle ranching in the 1930s and timber extraction.