hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oil of clove
Oil of clove, also known as clove oil or eugenol, is an essential oil extracted from the clove plant, Syzygium aromaticum. Clove oil is commonly used in aromatherapy and for flavoring food, tea, and toothpaste. In alternative medicine, it may be used as a topical medication to relieve toothache. There is insufficient medical evidence to support its use as an analgesic for treating pain.

Madagascar and Indonesia are the main producers of clove oil.

Toothpaste
Toothpaste is a paste or gel dentifrice that is used with a toothbrush to clean and maintain the aesthetics of teeth. Toothpaste is used to promote oral hygiene: it is an abrasive that aids in removing dental plaque and food from the teeth, assists in suppressing halitosis, and delivers active ingredients (most commonly fluoride) to help prevent tooth decay (dental caries) and gum disease (gingivitis). Due to variations in composition and fluoride content, not all toothpastes are equally effective in maintaining oral health. The decline of tooth decay during the 20th century has been attributed to the introduction and regular use of fluoride-containing toothpastes worldwide. Large amounts of swallowed toothpaste can be poisonous. Common colors for toothpaste include white (sometimes with colored stripes or green tint) and blue.
Primož
Primož is a male given name, the South Slavic (primarily Slovenian) form of the Latin "Primus",  meaning "first" or "best". Sequential birth-order numerical names were a Roman custom; a male firstborn might be named Primus, a third-born tertia Tertius, a fifth-born son Quintus, etc. The name Primož has Slavified equivalents in Prvan, Prvin and Prvoslav.

South Slavic languages
The South Slavic languages are one of three branches of the Slavic languages. There are approximately 30 million speakers, mainly in the Balkans. These are separated geographically from speakers of the other two Slavic branches (West and East) by a belt of Austrian German, Hungarian and Romanian speakers.
Genlik
Genlik (Azerbaijani: Genlik)is a village located in the administrative-territorial district of the city of Zangilan in the Zangilan district of Azerbaijan.  The village is situated on the bank of Okhchuchay River.

Zangilan District
Zangilan District (Azerbaijani: Zəngilan rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the south-west of the country and belongs to the East Zangezur Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Qubadli, Jabrayil, the Syunik Province of Armenia and the East Azerbaijan Province of Iran. Its capital and largest city is Zangilan. As of 2020, the district had a nominal population of 45,200.
Mauricio Mazzetti
Mauricio Mazzetti (born June 18, 1986, in Córdoba, Argentina) is an Argentine football defender.

Mazzetti was first brought to Malta when he joined Qormi after having played with a host of clubs around South America, Europe, and the Middle East. He joined Birkirkara in January 2015, and was a scorer in their 2014–15 FA Cup Trophy win against Hibernians Paola, with the game finishing 2–0.

Mazzetti participated in Birkirkara's Europa League tie against West Ham United F.C. West Ham reportedly showed interest in the defender after his impressive display. After the match West Ham showed interest in Birkirkara's Mauricio Mazzetti, but then club president Adrian Delia commented that no formal offers had been made to Birkirkara.

Mazzetti was later released by Birkirkara in July 2016.

In December 2016, Mazzetti was reported to have joined Terengganu F.C. I, together with fellow Argentine Federico Falcone, a former Valletta F.C. striker in the Maltese Premier League.

Maltese Premier League
The Maltese Premier League, known as Yo Health Malta Premier for sponsorship reasons with Yo Health (colloquially known as Il-Kampjonat Premjer), is the highest level of professional football in Malta. Managed by the Malta Football Association, the Premier League is contested by 12 teams and operates on a promotion and relegation system with the Challenge League. As of June 2022, the Premier League ranks 46th out of 55 members in the UEFA coefficient.

The league was first contested in 1909 as the First Division, before switching to its current name in 1980; the First Division in turn replaced the Second Division. Sliema Wanderers and Floriana have won the title a record 26 times. The current champions are Ħamrun Spartans who won their 11th title in the 2024-25 season.
Roger Mahoney
Roger Sylvis Mahoney (July 19, 1906 – March 12, 1981) was an American football player. He played college football for Penn State and in the National Football League (NFL) as a center, guard and end for the Frankford Yellow Jackets (1928–1930) and Minneapolis Red Jackets (1930). He appeared in 42 NFL games, 30 as a starter.

Minneapolis Marines/Red Jackets
The Minneapolis Marines were an early professional football team that existed from 1905 until 1928. The team did not play in 1918 or 1925 to 1926 and was later resurrected from 1929 to 1930 under the Minneapolis Red Jackets name. The Marines were originally owned by the Marine Athletic Club of Minneapolis and later by Minneapolitans John Dunn and Val Ness.  The Marines played their earliest games in the sandlots of Minneapolis and at Minnehaha Park. They made their first appearance at Lexington Park in 1909 and Nicollet Park in 1910. From 1912 to 1914, the team rented the North Minneapolis Athletic Association grounds at 25th Avenue North and Washington Avenue in Minneapolis, a site now overrun by Interstate 94. The Marines moved to Nicollet Park in 1915 and played there until they disbanded as the Red Jackets in 1930. The Minneapolis Marines were the first Minnesota-based team to join the National Football League, predating the Duluth Eskimos (1923) and Minnesota Vikings (1961).
Telesforo Trinidad
Telesforo de la Cruz Trinidad (November 25, 1890 – May 8, 1968) was a Filipino fireman 2nd class in the United States Navy who received the Medal of Honor for actions in Mexican waters near La Paz, on board the USS San Diego on 21 January 1915. He is the second service member, and first and so far only sailor of Asian descent to receive the award in peacetime. Trinidad served during both World Wars before retiring to the Philippines and living on his pension.

On May 20, 2022, Navy Secretary Carlos del Toro announced that a future Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer will be named USS Telesforo Trinidad.

Filipino Americans
Filipino Americans (Filipino: Mga Pilipinong Amerikano) are Americans of Filipino ancestry. Filipinos in North America were first documented in the 16th century and other small settlements beginning in the 18th century. Mass migration did not begin until after the end of the Spanish–American War at the end of the 19th century, when the Philippines was ceded from Spain to the United States in the Treaty of Paris.

As of 2022, there were almost 4.5 million Filipino Americans in the United States with large communities in California, Hawaii, Illinois, Texas, Florida, Nevada, and the New York metropolitan area. Around one third of Filipino Americans identify as multiracial or multiethnic, with 3 million reporting only Filipino ancestry and 1.5 million reporting Filipino in combination with another group.
Lam Nguyen
Lam M. Nguyen (or Lam Nguyen; Vietnamese: Nguyễn Minh Lâm, born October 22, 1986) is a Vietnamese-American computer scientist and applied mathematician known for his contributions to optimization algorithms for machine learning and notable for proposing and developing the SARAH stochastic recursive gradient method. He is a Research Scientist at the IBM Research, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, New York, USA, where his research focuses on the intersection of optimization and machine learning. He is an INFORMS Senior member and a member of the Beta Gamma Sigma honor society, one of the highest honors a business student can receive.

Stochastic variance reduction
(Stochastic) variance reduction is an algorithmic approach to minimizing functions that can be decomposed into finite sums. By exploiting the finite sum structure, variance reduction techniques are able to achieve convergence rates that are impossible to achieve with methods that treat the objective as an infinite sum, as in the classical Stochastic approximation setting.

Variance reduction approaches are widely used for training machine learning models such as logistic regression and support vector machines as these problems have finite-sum structure and uniform conditioning that make them ideal candidates for variance reduction.
2021 Mandalay Boarding House Raid
The 2021 Mandalay Boarding House Raid occurred on 22 June 2021, when the Tatmadaw raided a former boarding house which was being used as a safehouse for the  Mandalay People's Defense Force. According to military sources such as Myawaddy TV, Tatmadaw forces killed four PDF fighters, arrested eight others, and seized various weapons. The military also claimed that a white car occupied by four guerrillas conducted a failed ambush attempt before all of them were killed when they crashed into a transformer.

However, the PDF claimed that only six of their members were arrested by the Tatmadaw while eight soldiers died.

Myawaddy TV
Myawaddy TV (Burmese: မြဝတီ ရုပ်မြင်သံကြား, abbreviated as MWD) is a military-owned television network in Myanmar, based in Yangon and Naypyidaw. Myawaddy TV has been widely criticized for broadcasting pro-SAC (State Administration Council) news. It has seven television channels.
Javanese Wars of Succession
The Javanese Wars of Succession were three military confrontations between the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Mataram Sultanate on central Java between 1703 and 1755. The hereditary succession in Mataram was at stake, prompting the VOC to field its own candidates in an attempt to gain more influence in central and eastern Java. At the end of the Javanese Wars of Succession, Mataram was carved into three weak Vorstenlanden ("Princely Lands"), independent in name only, as a consequence of the divide and rule policy of the VOC.

Divide and conquer
The term divide and conquer in politics refers to an entity gaining and maintaining political power by using divisive measures. This includes the exploitation of existing divisions within a political group by its political opponents, and also the deliberate creation or strengthening of such divisions.
BAP Mariátegui (FM-54)
BAP Mariátegui is the last out of four Carvajal-class frigates ordered by the Peruvian Navy in 1973. It was built by SIMA (Servicio Industrial de la Marina) at Callao under license from the Italian shipbuilder Cantieri Navali Riuniti. Shortage of funds and technical difficulties delayed her completion for several years, being finally commissioned in 1987. In 1998 her flight deck was extended to allow ASH-3D Sea King helicopters to land and refuel, even though they are too large to be accommodated in the ship's hangar.

Mariátegui is named after Rear Admiral Ignacio Mariátegui who fought in the Peruvian War of Independence.

Peruvian Navy
The Peruvian Navy (Spanish: Marina de Guerra del Perú, abbreviated MGP) is the branch of the Peruvian Armed Forces tasked with surveillance, patrol and defense on lakes, rivers and the Pacific Ocean up to 200 nautical miles (370 km; 230 mi) from the Peruvian littoral. Additional missions include assistance in safeguarding internal security, conducting disaster relief operations and participating in international peacekeeping operations.

The Marina de Guerra del Perú celebrates the anniversary of its creation in 1821 on October 8 and also commemorates the decisive Battle of Angamos, the final part of the naval campaign of the War of the Pacific between Peru and Chile at the end of 1879.
Trouble in the Garden
Trouble in the Garden is a 2018 Canadian drama film, written and directed by Roz Owen. The film stars Cara Gee as Raven McTavish, an Indigenous Canadian woman who was raised by a white adoptive family from whom she is now estranged; after being arrested at a protest against a residential development on traditional indigenous land, she is bailed out of jail by her brother Colin (Jon Cor), a real estate developer involved in the very housing development she was protesting.

The cast also includes Fiona Reid and Frank Moore as their parents Lillian and Rob, as well as Kelly Van der Burg, Wesley French, Persephone Koty, Michaela Washburn, Caleb Marshall, Kristin Shepherd, Marcus Dias and Chris Farquhar in supporting roles.

Raven Sinclair, a prominent academic and Sixties Scoop activist, was a consultant and executive producer on the film.

The film premiered at the 2018 Cinéfest Sudbury International Film Festival, before going into commercial release in 2019.

Jon Cor
Jon Cor (born November 17, 1984) is a Canadian actor and author, best known for playing Hodge Starkweather in Shadowhunters: The Mortal Instruments, Brick in Total Drama: Revenge of the Island, Chillblaine in The Flash, and Ryan in Saw 3D.
Open house (school)
An open house (also known as open day, at-home day, or parents night) is an event held at an institution where its doors are open to the family of students to allow people to look around the institution and learn about it. These are often held at schools and universities to attract prospective students, familiarize them (and their parents) with the facilities, allow new students to become familiar with facilities and meet others, or to open informal communication channels between school staff and the students and their parents. Open houses are also performed at other types of institutions such as research organizations to present their work to the community-at-large.

Academic year
An academic year, or school year, is a period that schools, colleges and universities use to measure the duration of studies for a given educational level. Academic years are often divided into academic terms. Students attend classes and do relevant exams and homework during this time, which comprises school days (days when there is education) and school holidays (when there is a break from education). The duration of school days, holidays and school year varies across the world. The days in the school year depend on the state or country. For example, in most of the US states, there are 180 days in a school year, but in the US state of Minnesota there are 165 days in the year.
Raillardella
Raillardella is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Madieae within the family Asteraceae.

The genus is native to the western United States (Oregon, California, and Nevada).

Species

Raillardella argentea -  California, Oregon, western Nevada

Raillardella pringlei -  California (Trinity + Siskiyou Cos)

Raillardella scaposa - California, Oregon, western Nevada

Formerly included

See Anisocarpus, Arnica, Carlquistia.

Raillardella muirii - Carlquistia muirii

Raillardella paniculata - Arnica viscosa

Raillardella scabrida - Anisocarpus scabridus

Trinity County, California
Trinity County is a county located in the northwestern portion of the U.S. state of California. Trinity County is rugged, mountainous, heavily forested, and lies along the Trinity River (for which it is named) within the Salmon, Klamath Mountains, as well as a portion of the Scott, Trinity, and North Yolla Bolly Mountains. It is also one of three counties in California with no incorporated cities (the other two counties in California with that distinction are Alpine and Mariposa counties).

As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,112, making it the fifth least-populous county in California, and the least-populous of California's 27 original counties. The county seat and largest community is Weaverville.
Goclenius
Goclenius  is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Conrad Goclenius (1490-1539), German humanist

Rudolph Goclenius (1547–1628), German scholastic philosopher

Rudolph Goclenius the Younger (1572–1621), German physician and professor of physics, medicine and mathematics; son of the above
Goclenius, a lunar crater named after the younger Goclenius

Goclenius (crater)
Goclenius is a lunar impact crater that is located near the west edge of Mare Fecunditatis. It lies to the southeast of the lava-flooded crater Gutenberg, and north of Magelhaens. To the northwest is a parallel rille system that follow a course toward the northwest, running for a length of up to 240 kilometers. This feature is named the Rimae Goclenius.

The rim of this crater is worn, distorted and irregular, having a somewhat egg-like outline. The crater floor has been covered in lava, and a rille cuts across the floor towards the northwest, in the same direction as the other members of the Rimae Goclenius. A similar rille lies across the floor of Gutenberg, and it is likely that these features were all formed at the same time, after the original craters were created.

There is a low central rise located to the northwest of the crater's midpoint.

The crater is named for Rudolf Goclenius, Jr. (1572–1621), German physician and professor of physics, medicine and mathematics.
Unnikrishnan Puthur
Unnikrishnan Puthur (20 July 1933 – 2 April 2014) was a Malayalam–language  novelist and short story writer. Puthur wrote about 700 short stories and published 29 collections of short stories, 15 novels, a collection of poems and autobiographical writings, among others. He was awarded Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for the novel Balikkallu in 1968. He received the Odakkuzhal Award in the year 2010 for the book Anubhavangalude Ner Rekhakal.

Kerala Sahitya Akademi
The Kerala Sahitya Akademi or Academy for Malayalam Literature is an autonomous body established to promote the Malayalam language and literature. It is situated in the city of Thrissur, Kerala in India.
Diosdado Simón
Diosdado Simón Villares (Torremenga, 15 October 1954 - Cáceres, 28 April 2002) was a Spanish researcher, biologist, botanist, tree surgeon and environmental teacher.

He studied Biology in UCM, and investigated Extremaduran vegetation. He was the manager of Cáceres' parks and gardens and a member of ADENEX. This association paid him a tribute in 2003 when they gave his name to their price ADENEX- Diosdado Simón.

He died of lung cancer in 2002 when he was preparing the exhibition of orchids Por huevos (by eggs, Orchis means testis in Latin). He was married to the lawyer Dolores Neria and they had two children.

Cáceres City Council gave his name to a garden he designed,  Jardín Diosdado Simón, which is located between the museums, Museo de Pedrilla and Museo de Guayasamín, which hosted his last exhibition Por huevos.

Orchis
Orchis is a genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae), occurring mainly in Europe and Northwest Africa, and ranging as far as Tibet, Mongolia,  and Xinjiang. The name is from the Ancient Greek ὄρχις (órkhis), meaning "testicle", from the appearance of the paired subterranean tuberoids.
Costa Rica in the OTI Festival
The participation of Costa Rica in the OTI Festival began at the fifth OTI Festival in 1976. The Costa Rican participating broadcasters were Televisora de Costa Rica (Teletica) and Corporación Costarricense de Televisión (Telecentro) (latter Representaciones Televisivas (Repretel)), which were members of the Organización de Televisión Iberoamericana (OTI) and participated jointly –or in turn– in the event. They participated in all twenty-four editions after their debut. Their best result in the festival was second achieved in 1997. Repretel hosted the event in 1998.

Teletica
Televisora de Costa Rica S.A., known as Teletica, is a Costa Rican television broadcaster, founded in 1958. It operates Teletica Canal 7, XperTV Canal 33, and since 1991 (partially since 2018) CableTica (now called Liberty).
Fearghal mac Catharnach
Fearghal mac Catharnach (died 821/823) was Lord of Loch Riach.

Fearghal was ruler of Loch Riach in what is now County Galway. He appears to have been a son of Cathrannach mac Cathal, described as of Maenmag in the Annals of Ulster upon his death in 801.

His obit occurs twice in the Irish annals, sub anno 821 and 823.

Loch Riach is a lake at the foot of the Sliabh Eachtaí, located in a territory then called Máenmaige; its ruling dynasty were the Ui Fiachrach Finn.

In 802, The demolition of Loch Riach was undertaken by King Muirgius mac Tommaltaig of Connacht.

A later lord of Loch Riach was Cormac mac Ceithearnach (died 881).

The town of Loughrea takes its name from Loch Riach.

Slieve Aughty
The Slieve Aughty (Irish: Sliabh Eachtaí) are a mountain range in the western part of Ireland spread over both County Galway and County Clare. The highest peak in the Slieve Aughty Mountains is Maghera in Clare which rises to 400 m (1,314 ft). The mountain range consists of two ridges divided by the Owendallaigh river which flows west into Lough Cutra.

The Cenél Áeda na hEchtge partly derived their name from them.
Square Club (writers)
The Square Club for writers was a monthly dining club that met in London, from 1908/9 to about 1913/4, and included many of the established younger-generation authors. The founders included Edward Garnett, G. K. Chesterton and Conal O'Riordan. It was just one of a number of similar London groups (Garnett had another Soho circle that was distinct); it was perhaps the most substantial such grouping of its time, with a concentration of those enjoying professional success. The name was for Mr. Square, the philosopher character in Henry Fielding's Tom Jones.

Others who participated included J. D. Beresford, Walter de la Mare, John Galsworthy, W. H. Hudson, Roger Ingpen, Edgar Jepson, Arthur Machen, John Masefield, and Edward Thomas. Ezra Pound on arriving in London found it easy to make contacts through the club, but less easy to convince those there through his flamboyance. Jepson introduced Ford Madox Ford.

Edward Thomas (poet)
Philip Edward Thomas (3 March 1878 – 9 April 1917) was a British writer of English poetry and prose. He is sometimes considered a war poet, although few of his poems deal directly with his war experiences.  He only started writing poetry at the age of 36, but by that time he had already been a prolific critic, biographer, nature writer and travel writer for two decades. In 1915, he enlisted in the British Army to fight in the First World War and was killed in action during the Battle of Arras in 1917, soon after he arrived in France.
Frederick Wensley
Frederick Porter Wensley OBE KPM (28 March 1865 – 4 December 1949) served as a British police officer from 1888 until 1929, reaching the rank of chief constable of the Scotland Yard Criminal Investigation Department (CID). Serving in Whitechapel for part of his career, he was involved in street patrols during the investigation of the Jack the Ripper murders, details of which he would later publish in his memoirs in 1931. He was one of the 'Big Four', a nickname given to the four Superintendents in charge of the Metropolitan Police CID, with his murder investigations regularly published in the press. The leading prosecuting barrister Sir Richard Muir referred to him as "the greatest detective of all time".

Big Five (Scotland Yard)
The Big Five was a nickname given to five superintendents in charge of the Criminal Investigation Department at Scotland Yard, the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police, from about 1906 onwards. The first five to be appointed  were: Charles John Arrow, Paul Crane, Walter Dew, Frederick Fox and Frank Froest. These men and their successors, with their subordinate inspectors, regularly worked on high-profile murder cases through the British Isles. By the 1970s, the term was dropping from currency.

While the crime reporters of British newspapers were the first to use the epithet The Big Five, the team's activities became a popular trope with writers of crime fiction, including Edgar Wallace. As well as inspiring conventional detective fiction, "The Big Five" suggested the title for The Big Six, a children's novel in Arthur Ransome's Swallows and Amazons series about group of young detectives.