hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Language attitudes
Language attitudes refer to an individual's evaluative reactions or opinions toward languages and the speakers of those languages. These attitudes can be positive, negative, or neutral, and they play a crucial role in shaping language use, communication patterns, and interactions within a society. Language attitudes are extensively studied in several areas such as social psychology, sociolinguistics or education It has long been considered to be a triad of cognitive, affective, and behavioral components. Language attitudes play an important role in language learning, identity construction, language maintenance, language planning and policy, among other facets of language development. These attitudes are dynamic and multifaceted, shaping our perceptions, interactions, and societal structures.

Social psychology
Social psychology is the methodical study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. Although studying many of the same substantive topics as its counterpart in the field of sociology, psychological social psychology places more emphasis on the individual, rather than society; the influence of social structure and culture on individual outcomes, such as personality, behavior, and one's position in social hierarchies. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the relationship between mental states and social situations, studying the social conditions under which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors occur, and how these variables influence social interactions.
Revolution from above
A revolution from above refers to major political and social changes that are imposed by an élite on the population it dominates. It usually occurs in urban areas in a capital city. By contrast, the plain term "revolution" suggests that pressure from below is a major driving force in events, even if other social groups cooperate with—or ultimately capture—the movement. The phrase "revolution from above" was coined by the Spanish writer Joaquín Costa (1846-1911) in the 19th century. In contrast, a "revolution from below" refers to a grassroots campaign against élites. Johann Gottlieb Fichte advocated the right of revolution, particularly from above rather than below.

Right of revolution
In political philosophy, the right of revolution or right of rebellion is the right or duty of a people to "alter or abolish" a government that acts against their common interests or threatens the safety of the people without justifiable cause. Stated throughout history in one form or another, the belief in this right has been used to justify various revolutions, including the American Revolution, French Revolution, the Syrian Revolution, the Russian Revolution, and the Iranian Revolution.
Centru (development region)
Centru (Centre) is a development region in Romania. As other development regions, it does not have any administrative powers, its main function being to co-ordinate regional development projects and manage funds from the European Union.

Olt (river)
The Olt (Romanian and Hungarian; German: Alt; Latin: Aluta or Alutus, Turkish: Oltu, Ancient Greek: Ἄλυτος Alytos) is a river in Romania. It is 615 km (382 mi) long, and its basin area is 24,050 km2 (9,290 sq mi). It is the longest river flowing exclusively through Romania. Its average discharge at the mouth is 174 m3/s (6,100 cu ft/s). It originates in the Hășmaș Mountains of the eastern Carpathian Mountains, near Bălan, close to the headwaters of the river Mureș. The Olt flows through the Romanian counties of Harghita, Covasna, Brașov, Sibiu, Vâlcea, and Olt. The river was known as Alutus or Aluta in Roman antiquity. Olt County and the historical province of Oltenia are named after the river.

Sfântu Gheorghe, Râmnicu Vâlcea and Slatina are the main cities on the river Olt. The Olt flows into the Danube river near Turnu Măgurele.
Santa Domenica Vittoria
Santa Domenica Vittoria (Sicilian: Santa Dumìnica) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Messina, Sicily, southern Italy.
It is situated 7 kilometres (4 mi) north of Randazzo in the Nebrodi Mountains Range. It is 1,080 metres (3,540 ft) above sea level and has views over all of the northern Etna Valley.
Although the town is in the Metropolitan City of Messina it takes the telephone prefix for the Metropolitan City of Catania as it is on the border between the two entities.

The comune borders the following municipalities: Floresta, Montalbano Elicona, Randazzo, and Roccella Valdemone.

Santa Domenica Vittoria is named after a Calabrian saint, who was a victim of the Roman persecution of Christians under Diocletian.

Metropolitan City of Catania
The Metropolitan City of Catania (Italian: città metropolitana di Catania) is a metropolitan city in Sicily, Italy. Its capital is the city of Catania. It replaced the province of Catania and comprises the city of Catania and 57 other communes. It has 1,068,563 inhabitants as of 2025, making it the 7th most populated metropolitan city in the country.
Vishu Bhatnagar
Vishu Bhatnagar better known by his stage name Kumar Vishu is an Indian devotional playback singer whose songs have been featured primarily in Hindi devotional movies and television serials. He has sung more than  200 devotional albums with the leading singers of India and major records labels of India including T-Series, His Master's Voice, Venus, Sonotek & KVC music, Saregama and other record labels.

Vishu has received President Award, Cinema Century Award and others. He has also sung in several languages including Punjabi, Rajasthani and other Indian languages and was signed by the T-series for seven years.

Music of Rajasthan
This type of music originates from the Rajasthan, one of the states of India and home to several important centers of Indian musical development, including Udaipur, Jodhpur and Jaipur.  The region's music shares similarities both with nearby areas of India and the other side of the border, in the Pakistani province of Sindh.
Sallisaw Municipal Airport
Sallisaw Municipal Airport (ICAO: KJSV, FAA LID: JSV) is a city-owned, public-use airport located one nautical mile (2 km) southwest of the central business district of Sallisaw, a city in Sequoyah County, Oklahoma, United States. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation facility.

Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, this airport is assigned JSV by the FAA, but has no designation from the IATA.

Sallisaw, Oklahoma
Sallisaw is the largest city in and the county seat of Sequoyah County, Oklahoma, United States. As of the 2020 Census, it had a population of 8,510, a 4.2 percent decrease over the figure of 8,880 recorded in 2010. Sallisaw is part of the Fort Smith metropolitan area.
Tales of the Night (TV special)
Tales of the Night (French: Les Contes de la nuit) is a 1992 French silhouette animation television special written and directed by Michel Ocelot. It aired on Canal+ in France, ZDF in Germany and Channel 4 in the United Kingdom. It is a trilogy of three further fairy tales in much the same format as Ciné si.

Michel Ocelot
Michel Ocelot (French: [miʃɛl ɔslo]; born 27 October 1943) is a French screenwriter, designer, storyboard artist and director of animated films and television programs (formerly also animator, background artist, narrator and other roles in earlier works) and a former president of the International Animated Film Association. Though best known for his 1998 debut feature Kirikou and the Sorceress, his earlier films and television work had already won Césars and British Academy Film Awards among others and he was made a chevalier of the Légion d'honneur on 23 October 2009, presented to him by Agnès Varda who had been promoted to commandeur earlier the same year. In 2015 he got the Lifetime Achievement Award at the World Festival of Animated Film – Animafest Zagreb.
65th Directors Guild of America Awards
The 65th Directors Guild of America Awards, honoring the outstanding directorial achievements in films, documentary and television in 2012, were presented on February 2, 2013, at the Hollywood and Highland Center. The ceremony was hosted by Kelsey Grammer for the second time. The nominees for the feature film category were announced on January 8, 2013, the nominations for the television and commercial categories were announced on January 9, 2013, and the nominees for documentary directing were announced on January 14, 2013.

Television director
A television director is in charge of the activities involved in making a television program or section of a program. They are generally responsible for decisions about the editorial content and creative style of a program, and ensuring the producer's vision is delivered. Their duties may include selecting cast members, conduct rehearsals, work with set designers, location scouts and art directors, originating program ideas, finding contributors, writing scripts, planning 'shoots', ensuring safety, leading the crew on location, directing contributors and presenters, and working with editors and music supervisors to assemble and make sure the final product meets the producer and director's vision. The work of a television director can vary widely depending on the nature of the program, the practices of the production company, whether the program content is factual or drama, and whether it is live or recorded.
I'm on Your Side
I'm on Your Side is the fourth album by Jennifer Holliday, released in 1991. The song "I'm On Your Side", a cover version of an Angela Bofill hit, was released as a single, peaking at number 10 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks. The second single, "Love Stories" peaked at number 29 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks. Clive Davis was the executive producer.

Jennifer Holliday
Jennifer Yvette Holliday (born October 19, 1960) is an American singer and actress. She started her career on Broadway in musicals such as Your Arms Too Short to Box with God (1980–1981) and Dreamgirls (1981–1983), and later became a successful recording artist. She is best known for her debut single, the Dreamgirls number and rhythm-and-blues/pop hit, "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going", for which she won a Grammy Award in 1983. She also won a 1982 Tony Award for Dreamgirls.
Listed buildings in Scarborough (Ramshill Ward)
Ramshill Ward is a ward in the town of Scarborough, North Yorkshire, England. It contains 18 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, four are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The ward is to the south of the centre of the town, and is mainly residential, and it also provides holiday accommodation. Most of the listed buildings are houses in terraces, and hotels, and the others include churches, one used for other purposes, a gateway, a funicular railway, a seaside shelter, and a former hairdresser's shop.

Scarborough, North Yorkshire
Scarborough (/ˈskɑːbrə/) is a seaside town and civil parish in the district and ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. With a population of 61,749, Scarborough is the largest town on the Yorkshire Coast and the fourth-largest settlement in the county.

located on the North Sea coast, and is on the Cleveland Way long distance footpath which follows the coast through the town. Historically in the North Riding of Yorkshire, the town lies between 10 and 230 feet (3–70 m) above sea level, from Scarborough Harbour rising steeply north and west towards limestone cliffs. The older part of the town lies around the harbour and is protected by a rocky headland that extends into the North Sea.

The town has fishing and service industries, including a growing digital and creative economy, and is a tourist destination. Residents of the town are known as Scarborians.
Arto Koivisto
Arto Ilmari Koivisto (born 7 December 1947) is a Finnish former cross-country skier who competed in the 1970s. He won the 4 × 10 km relay gold and the 15 km bronze at the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck.

Koivisto also won the 15 km event at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 1976.

1976 Winter Olympics
The 1976 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XII Olympic Winter Games (German: XII. Olympische Winterspiele, French: XIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver) and commonly known as Innsbruck 1976 (Austro-Bavarian: Innschbruck 1976), were a winter multi-sport event celebrated in Innsbruck, Austria, from February 4 to 15, 1976. The games were awarded to Innsbruck after Denver, the original host city, withdrew in 1972. This was the second time the Tyrolean capital had hosted the Winter Olympics, having first done so in 1964.
Pathius
Pathius is a genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Eumolpinae. It is known from Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.

The genus was originally named Taphius by Martin Jacoby in 1897; however, this name was preoccupied by Taphius Adams, 1855 (a genus in Mollusca, currently a synonym of Biomphalaria Preston, 1910) and Taphius Rafinesque, 1815 (a nomen nudum genus in Crustacea), so it was renamed to Pathius by N. A. Aslam in 1968.

Biomphalaria
Biomphalaria is a genus of air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonates belonging to the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails and their allies.

Biomphalaria is the type genus of the tribe Biomphalariini. Both Planorbis and Taphius are synonyms for Biomphalaria.

The shell of this species, like all planorbids is left coiling (sinistral), but is carried upside down and thus appears to be right coiling (dextral).
Wong Kwok-hing
Wong Kwok-hing  BBS MH  (Chinese: 王國興, Vietnamese: Vương Quốc Hưng; born 29 March 1949, Haiphong, North Vietnam) is a Hong Kong trade unionist and a former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, representing the New Territories West constituency from 2008 to 2012, and representing the Hong Kong Island from 2012 to 2016.

Haiphong
Haiphong or Hai Phong (Vietnamese: Hải Phòng, pronounced [hǎːj fɔ̀ŋ͡m] ⓘ) is the third-largest city in Vietnam and is the principal port city of the Red River Delta. The municipality has an area of 3,194.72 km2 (1,233.49 mi2). The city includes Bạch Long Vĩ and Cát Hải islands in the Gulf of Tonkin. It has a population of 4,664,124 in 2025.
Agarwal Mandi
Tatiri (full name Aggarwal Mandi Tatiri) is a town and a nagar panchayat in Baghpat district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
The distance between Aggarwal Mandi Tatiri and Baghpat is 5km. Tatiri is connected to two districts: Baghpat and Meerut, via National Highway 334B. 5km west is State Highway 57, which connects to New Delhi, Baghpat, Baraut, Shamli, and Saharanpur.

Saharanpur
Saharanpur is a city and a municipal corporation in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is also the administrative headquarters of Saharanpur district.

Saharanpur city's name was given after the Saint Shah Haroon Chishti.

Saharanpur is declared as one among the 100 Smart Cities by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs as a part of Smart Cities Mission of the Government of India.
Neha Narkhede
Neha Narkhede (born 1984 or 1985) is an American technology entrepreneur and the co-founder and former CTO of Confluent, a streaming data technology company. She co-created the open source software platform Apache Kafka. Narkhede now serves as a board member of Confluent. She co-founded risk detection platform developer, Oscilar, in 2021, where she is the CEO. In 2020, she was listed as one of America’s Self-Made Women by Forbes.

Chief technology officer
A chief technology officer (CTO), chief technical officer, or chief technologist is a corporate officer tasked with managing technical operations of an organization. They oversee and supervise research and development and serve as a technical advisor to a higher executive such as a chief executive officer.

A CTO is very similar to a chief information officer (CIO). CTOs will make decisions for the overarching technology infrastructure that closely align with the organization's goals, while CIOs work alongside the organization's information technology ("IT") staff members to perform everyday operations. The attributes of the roles a CTO holds vary from one company to another, mainly depending on their organizational structure.
Kot Ranjha
Kot Ranjha is a village in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 4.8 kilometres (3.0 mi) away from postal head office Rahon, 8.9 kilometres (5.5 mi) from Nawanshahr, 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from district headquarter Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar and 88 kilometres (55 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

Nawanshahr
Nawanshahr (Punjabi pronunciation: [nə.ʋä̃ːʃɛ́ːɾ]) is a municipal council in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district in the Indian state of Punjab. It was previously a town;  it later became a district in 1995.
Distributed collaboration
Distributed Collaboration is a way of collaboration wherein participants, regardless of their location, work together to reach a certain goal. This usually entails use of increasingly popular cyberinfrastructure, such as emails, instant messaging and document sharing platforms to reduce the limitations of the users trying to work together from remote locations by overcoming physical barriers of geolocation (using cyberinfrastructure) and also to some extent, depending on the application used, the effects of working together in person. For example, a caller software that can be used to bring all collaborators into a single call-in for easier dissemination of ideas.

Cyberinfrastructure
United States federal government agencies use the term cyberinfrastructure to describe research environments that support advanced data acquisition, data storage, data management, data integration, data mining, data visualization and other computing and information processing services distributed over the Internet beyond the scope of a single institution.  In scientific usage, cyberinfrastructure is a technological and sociological solution to the problem of efficiently connecting federal laboratories, large scales of data, processing power, and scientists with the goal of enabling novel scientific discoveries and advancements in human knowledge.
Almighty Thor
Almighty Thor is a 2011 American superhero television film directed by Christopher Olen Ray. The film, a mockbuster coinciding with the release of the Marvel Studios film Thor, was produced by The Asylum for $200,000. It premiered on the Syfy cable network on May 7, 2011 and was released on DVD on May 10, 2011 in the United States. The film was met with a largely negative response from critics. Loosely inspired by Norse mythology, the film follows the young warrior Thor (Cody Deal) in his battle against Loki (Richard Grieco).

In 2022, The Asylum released a second Thor film titled Thor: God of Thunder.

Mockbuster
A mockbuster, also known as knockbuster, is a film created to exploit the publicity of another major motion picture with a similar title or subject. Mockbusters are often made with a low budget and quick production to maximize profits. The term is a portmanteau of the words "mock" or "knock" and "blockbuster".

Unlike films produced to capitalize on the popularity of a recent release by adopting similar genre or storytelling elements, mockbusters are generally produced concurrently with upcoming films and released direct-to-video around the time the film they are inspired by is released. A mockbuster may be similar enough in title or packaging that consumers confuse it with the actual film it mimics; however, their producers maintain that they are simply offering additional products for consumers who want to watch more films in the same subgenres.
Daniel Satti
Daniel Costa Teixeira de Souza (born April 6, 1974), stage name Daniel Satti is a Brazilian film and television actor. He is known for roles in various Brazilian telenovelas such as Salve-se Quem Puder (2020), Novo Mundo (2017), Os Dez Mandamentos (2015), Carrossel (2012), among others, and also for the awarded short film Entreolhares (2020).

Novo Mundo (TV series)
Novo Mundo (English: New World) is a Brazilian telenovela produced and broadcast by TV Globo. It is created by Alessandro Marson and Thereza Falcão, and directed by Vinícius Coimbra. It premiered on 22 March 2017 replacing Sol Nascente, ran for twenty-seven weeks, with a total of 160 episodes and ended its run on 25 September 2017.

Isabelle Drummond and Chay Suede portray the protagonists of the plot; Drummond plays an English teacher Anna and Suede portrays a Portuguese-Brazilian actor Joaquim, both fell in love in Europe and find themselves again in Brazil, where they decide to fight for their love, having to face obstacles from an officer that she possessively wants her and a false marriage with a Portuguese actress. The cast also features Gabriel Braga Nunes, Ingrid Guimarães, Agatha Moreira, Vivianne Pasmanter, Guilherme Piva, César Cardadeiro, Caio Castro and Letícia Colin.

The story of Novo Mundo continues in the 2021 telenovela Nos Tempos do Imperador.
Nosbonsing and Nipissing Railway
The Nosbonsing and Nipissing Railway (N&N) was a portage railway constructed by Ottawa lumber baron John Rudolphus Booth. The 5.5-mile (8.9 km) line connected Lake Nipissing with Lake Nosbonsing to allow lumber to be portaged onto the Mattawa River, and from there to the Ottawa River. It allowed timber from a wide area across central Ontario to be sent to Booth's mill in Ottawa, at that time the largest sawmill in the world.

Mattawa River
The Mattawa River is a river in central Ontario, Canada. It flows east from Trout Lake east of North Bay and enters the Ottawa River at the town of Mattawa. Counting from the head of Trout Lake, it is 76 kilometres (47 mi) long. The river's name comes from the Algonquin word for "meeting of waterways".

Two provincial parks are located along it: the Mattawa River Provincial Park stretches along both sides of the river's banks for almost its full length; and Samuel de Champlain Provincial Park, located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the river's end.
Dorphinaxius
Dorphinaxius kermadecensis is a species of mud lobster native to the Norfolk Island, parts of New South Wales, and the Kermadec Islands of New Zealand. It is the only species in the genus Dorphinaxius. It has a depth range of 0–8 metres (0–26 ft).

Kermadec Islands
The Kermadec Islands (/ˈkɜːrmədɛk/ KUR-mə-dek; Māori: Rangitāhua) are a subtropical island arc in the South Pacific Ocean 800–1,000 km (500–620 mi; 430–540 nmi) northeast of New Zealand's North Island, and a similar distance southwest of Tonga. The islands are part of New Zealand. They are 33.6 km2 (13.0 sq mi) in total area and uninhabited, except for the permanently staffed Raoul Island Station, the northernmost outpost of New Zealand.

The islands are listed with the New Zealand outlying islands. The islands are an immediate part of New Zealand, but not part of any region or district, but instead an Area Outside Territorial Authority.