hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dyer, West Virginia
Dyer, originally Haynes, is an unincorporated community in Webster County, West Virginia, United States. Dyer is located on the Williams River and County Route 46, 4.9 miles (7.9 km) east-southeast of Cowen.

The village of Haynes received a post office in 1893.  In 1911, the name was changed to "Dyer" after George M. Dyer, postmaster from 1893 to 1923.  The post office was discontinued in 1938, and the mail redirected to Cowen.

Postmaster
A postmaster is the head of an individual post office, responsible for all postal activities in a specific post office.  When a postmaster is responsible for an entire mail distribution organization (usually sponsored by a national government), the title of Postmaster General is commonly used. 
Responsibilities of a postmaster typically include management of a centralized mail distribution facility, establishment of letter carrier routes, supervision of letter carriers and clerks, and enforcement of the organization's rules and procedures. The postmaster is the representative of the Postmaster General in that post office.

In Canada, many early places are named after the first postmaster.
SN 2004dj
SN 2004dj was the brightest supernova since SN 1987A at the time of its discovery.

This Type II-P supernova was discovered by Japanese astronomer Kōichi Itagaki on 31 July 2004. At the time of its discovery, its apparent brightness was 11.2 visual magnitude; the discovery occurred after the supernova had reached its peak magnitude. The supernova's progenitor is a star in a young, compact star cluster in the galaxy NGC 2403, in Camelopardalis. The cluster had been cataloged as the 96th object in a list of luminous stars and clusters by Allan Sandage in 1984; the progenitor is therefore commonly referred to as Sandage 96. This cluster is easily visible in a Kitt Peak National Observatory image and appears starlike.

Glossary of astronomy
This glossary of astronomy is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to astronomy and cosmology, their sub-disciplines, and related fields. Astronomy is concerned with the study of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth. The field of astronomy features an extensive vocabulary and a significant amount of sophisticated terminology.
Bad Religion (EP)
Bad Religion (also referred to as The Bad Religion EP) is the first official recording by the Los Angeles punk rock band Bad Religion. It was released in February 1981 by guitarist Brett Gurewitz's record label Epitaph Records, with the catalog number EPI 001.

Jay Bentley
Jayson Dee Bentley (born June 6, 1964) is the bassist and co-founding member of the punk rock group Bad Religion. He has played with the band through its whole existence with a small break between 1983 and 1985. Along with vocalist Greg Graffin, Bentley has appeared on nearly  all of Bad Religion's studio albums, with the sole exception being their second album Into the Unknown (1983).
French onion soup
French onion soup (French: soupe à l’oignon [sup a lɔɲɔ̃]) is a soup of onions, gently fried and then cooked in meat stock or water, usually served gratinéed with croutons or a larger piece of bread covered with cheese floating on top. Onion soups have been known in France since medieval times, but the version now familiar dates from the mid-19th century.

Frying
Frying is the cooking of food in oil or another fat. Similar to sautéing, pan-fried foods are generally turned over once or twice during cooking to ensure that the food is evenly cooked, using tongs or a spatula, whereas sautéed foods are cooked by "tossing in the pan". A large variety of foods may be fried. Frying is a dehydration process which involves the transfer of mass and heat. Different chemical changes take place during the frying process such as protein denaturation, starch gelatinization, surface browning, rapid water evaporation and oil absorption.
Stearoceras
Stearoceras is an extinct genus of prehistoric nautiloids from the Lower Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous) - Lower Permian with a fair worldwide distribution.(Kümmel 1964)

Stearoceras is recognized by its involute shell with a depressed subtrapizoidal whorl section and slight ventral and lateral lobes. In contrast Stenoporceras is subdiscoidal and has a suture with broad lateral lobes and a deep ventral saddle as found in syringonautilids.(ibid)

Nautiloids are a subclass of shelled cephalopods that were once diverse and numerous but are now represented by only a handful of species.

Syringonautilidae
Syringonautilidae is a family of Nautiloidea from the middle to late Triassic.  Syringonautilidae comprise the last of the Trigonoceratoidea and are the source for the Nautilaceae which continued the Nautiloidea through the Mesozoic and into the Cenozoic right down to the recent.  Syringonautilidae is a strictly Triassic family, derived early in the Triassic from the Grypoceratidae.
George Drewry
George Leslie Drewry VC  (3 November 1894 – 2 August 1918) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Drewry was born on 3 November 1894 to Thomas and Mary Drewry. He joined the Naval Reserve in 1913, and was called up for service at the start of World War I.

As a 20-year-old midshipman in the Royal Naval Reserve during the First World War, he was awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions on 25 April 1915 at V Beach in the Landing at Cape Helles, during the Gallipoli campaign.

He later achieved the rank of lieutenant and was killed in an accident at Scapa Flow, Orkney Islands, on 2 August 1918.

Since 27 November 2025, his Victoria Cross has been displayed at Merchant Taylors' School, his old school, after 29 years at the IWM.

VCs of the First World War
VCs of the First World War is a series of books that list the Victoria Cross recipients of the First World War. The series consists of 13 books written by four different authors, first published under the label Sutton Publishing Limited, part of The History Press. A new paperback edition of the series was commissioned in 2010 under The History Press imprint.
Jaaneman (1976 film)
Jaaneman (transl.  Sweetheart) is an Indian Hindi-language romance film, released on 30 July 1976, starring Hema Malini and Dev Anand. It was made in the silver jubilee year of the production company Navketan Films.

Prem Nath
Premnath Malhotra, better known as Prem Nath (21 November 1926 – 3 November 1992) was an Indian actor and director, who was best known for his works in Hindi films. Nath made his debut with the film Ajit (1948), and went on to appear in over 100 films throughout his career. He was nominated for three Filmfare Awards, and later retired in 1985.
Cheshmeh Chai-ye Vosta
Cheshmeh Chai-ye Vosta (Persian: چشمه چاي وسطي, also Romanized as Cheshmeh Chāī-ye Vosţá; also known as Cheshmeh Chāhī-ye Vosţá) is a village in Karezan Rural District, Karezan District, Sirvan County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 80, in 17 families. The village is populated by Kurds.

Ilam province
Ilam Province (Persian: استان ایلام) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Ilam.

The province is in the western part of the country in Region 4 and covers 20,164.11 km2 (7,785.41 mi2). It shares 425 km (264 mi) of the border with Iraq, and also borders on the provinces of Kermanshah, Lorestan, and Khuzestan.
Chakuriki Gym
Chakuriki Gym was a kickboxing gym and headquartered the International Chakuriki Association located in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. It was also known as Dojo Chakuriki, Pancration Chakuriki, and Chakuriki Amsterdam. Founded in 1972, it was one of the oldest and well-established kickboxing gyms in the Netherlands. It has produced many top-level kickboxers and including K-1 world champions such as Peter Aerts, Branko Cikatić and Badr Hari. It also provided training in wrestling, as well as instruction in knockdown karate, judo, boxing and mixed martial arts.

Gym
A gym, short for gymnasium (pl.: gymnasiums or gymnasia), is an indoor venue for exercise and sports. The word is derived from the ancient Greek term "gymnasion". They are commonly found in athletic and fitness centres, and as activity and learning spaces in educational institutions. "Gym" is also the commonly used name for a "fitness centre" or health club, which is often an area for indoor recreation. A "gym" may include or describe adjacent open air areas as well. In Western countries, "gyms" often describe places with indoor or outdoor courts for basketball, hockey, tennis, boxing or wrestling, and with equipment and machines used for physical development training, or to do exercises. In many European countries, Gymnasium (and variations of the word) also can describe a secondary school that prepares students for higher education at a university, with or without the presence of athletic courts, fields, or equipment.
Sanjeev Shroff
Sanjeev Shroff is an American bioengineer currently the Distinguished Professor of and Gerald E. McGinnis Chair in Bioengineering at University of Pittsburgh and an Elected Fellow of the American Physiological Society, American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering and Biomedical Engineering Society.

American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering
The American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE) is a non-profit organization founded in 1991, and headquartered in Washington, D.C. It represents 50,000 medical and biomedical engineers, and academic institutions, private industry, and professional engineering societies.
Zarasai offensive
Zarasai offensive (Lithuanian: Zarasų operacija) – a Lithuanian Army offensive against the Soviet Russian occupation in northeastern Lithuania, carried out from August 23 to September 1, 1919, during the Lithuanian–Soviet War. At the end of the operation, units of the Polish Army joined the fight against the Lithuanian forces.

Polish Land Forces
The Land Forces (Polish: Wojska Lądowe) are the ground forces of the Polish Armed Forces. They currently contain some 110,000 active personnel and form many components of the European Union and NATO deployments around the world. Poland's recorded military history stretches back a millennium – since the 10th century (see List of Polish wars and History of the Polish Army). Poland's modern army was formed after Poland regained independence following World War I in 1918.
Charl du Plessis (rugby union)
Charl Francois 'KP' du Plessis (born 8 April 1987) is a former South African professional rugby union player that played domestically for the Golden Lions, Falcons, Boland Cavaliers and the Eastern Province Kings and also played Super Rugby with the Southern Kings, making a total of 81 first class appearances between 2008 and 2014. His regular position was prop.

Griquas (rugby union)
Griquas (Afrikaans: Griekwas), known as the Suzuki Griquas for sponsorship reasons, are a South African professional rugby union team based in Kimberley in Northern Cape, that participates in the annual Currie Cup tournament. Their home ground is Griqua Park in Kimberley and they draw their players mostly from Northern Cape Province. They have won the Currie Cup four times – in 1899, 1911, 1970, and 2025 – and the Vodacom Cup a joint-record five times.
Chronochromie
Chronochromie (Time-Colour) is an orchestral work by French composer Olivier Messiaen, completed in 1960. It consists of seven movements:

The sixth movement consists of 18 string instruments playing different birdsong. The first performance was in Donaueschingen on 16 October 1960, conducted by Hans Rosbaud.

Bird vocalization
Bird vocalization includes both bird calls and bird songs. In non-technical use, bird songs (often simply birdsong) are the sounds produced by birds that are melodious to the human ear. In ornithology and birding, songs (relatively complex vocalizations) are distinguished by function from calls (relatively simple vocalizations).
Jabaquara (São Paulo Metro)
Jabaquara-Comitê Paralímpico Brasileiro is a station on Line 1 (Blue) of the São Paulo Metro and is the current terminus. It will be integrated with the planned Line 17 (Gold).

The station integrates with the Jabaquara Intermunicipal Terminal, allowing passengers to transfer to SPTrans and EMTU bus lines with their Bilhete Único card.

Empresa Metropolitana de Transportes Urbanos de São Paulo
The Empresa Metropolitana de Transportes Urbanos de São Paulo, or EMTU, was a company owned by the Secretaria de Estado dos Transportes Metropolitanos (STM) (English: State Secretariat for Metropolitan Transports). Created on 13 December 1977, it was responsible for the transport, by bus, of 5 million people in the Greater São Paulo área. It was liquidated by decret of governor Tarcísio de Freitas on 20 March 2025.
Brodie helmet
The Brodie helmet is a steel combat helmet designed and patented in London in 1915 by Latvian inventor John Leopold Brodie (Leopolds Janno Braude). A modified form of it became the Helmet, Steel, Mark I in Britain and the M1917 Helmet in the US. Colloquially, it was called the shrapnel helmet, battle bowler, Tommy helmet, tin hat, and in the United States the doughboy helmet. It was also known as the dishpan hat, tin pan hat, washbasin and Kelly helmet. The German Army called it the Salatschüssel (salad bowl).

Latvians
Latvians (Latvian: latvieši) are a Baltic ethnic group and nation native to Latvia and the immediate geographical region, the Baltics. They are occasionally also referred to as Letts, especially in older bibliography. Latvians share a common Latvian language, culture, history and ancestry.
Day of Salvation and Liberation
Day of Salvation and Liberation (Hebrew: יוֹם השִחרוּר וההַצָלָה) is a Jewish holiday celebrated on the 26th day of the month Iyar, which commemorates the victory of Allies against Nazi Germany and the saving of the Jewish people from annihilation at the hands of Nazi Germany.

While commemorating the same historical events, the sacred religious meaning of the Day of Salvation and Liberation makes it distinct from other established non-religious (secular) holidays which commemorate the surrender of Nazi Germany. Those are traditionally celebrated on the 8th of May across European nations as Victory in Europe Day, on the 9th of May across Russia, several former USSR and Eastern Europe states as Victory Day and on the 9th of May across Israel as a Victory in Europe Day.

Iyar
Iyar (Hebrew: אִייָר‎ or אִיָּר‎, Standard ʾĪyyar Tiberian ʾĪyyār; from Akkadian: 𒌗𒄞 itiayari "rosette; blossom") is the eighth month of the civil year (which starts on 1 Tishrei) and the second month of the Jewish religious year (which starts on 1 Nisan) on the Hebrew calendar. The name is Babylonian in origin. It is a month of 29 days. Iyar usually falls in April–May on the Gregorian calendar.

In the Hebrew Bible, before the Babylonian captivity, the month was called Ziv (זו‎, 1 Kings 6:1, 6:37). Ziv is a Hebrew word that means "light" or "glow".

Along with all other current, post-biblical Jewish month names, Iyar was adopted during the Babylonian captivity. In the Babylonian calendar its name was Araḫ Āru, which can be interpreted as "month of blossoming".
Potash pit
Potash pits were kiln sites which were dug and lined with drystone walling for the production of potash prior to the Industrial Revolution. The scouring or degreasing of the natural lanolin from wool requires the application of soft soap produced using fat and an alkaline potash solution that contains water-soluble potassium salts such as potassium carbonate and potassium hydroxide.

Lanolin
Lanolin (from Latin lāna 'wool', and oleum 'oil'), also called wool fat, wool yolk, wool wax, sheep grease, sheep yolk, or wool grease, is a wax secreted by the sebaceous glands of wool-bearing animals. Lanolin used by humans comes from domestic sheep breeds that are raised specifically for their wool. Historically, many pharmacopoeias have referred to lanolin as wool fat (adeps lanae); however, as lanolin lacks glycerides (glycerol esters), it is not a true fat. Lanolin primarily consists of sterol esters instead. Lanolin's waterproofing property aids sheep in shedding water from their coats. Certain breeds of sheep produce large amounts of lanolin.

Lanolin in nature protects wool and skin from climate and the environment; it is also involved in skin (integumental) hygiene. Lanolin and its derivatives are used in the protection, treatment, and beautification of human skin.
Nashaway
The Nashaway (or Nashua or Weshacum) were a tribe of Algonquian Indians inhabiting the upstream portions of the Nashua River valley in what is now the northern half of Worcester County, Massachusetts, mainly in the vicinity of Sterling, Clinton, ⁣Lancaster and other towns near Mount Wachusett, as well as southern New Hampshire. The meaning of Nashaway is "between," an adverbial form derived from "nashau" meaning "someone is between/in the middle" = adverbial suffix "we"

Mount Wachusett
Mount Wachusett is a mountain in Massachusetts. It straddles towns of Princeton and Westminster, in Worcester County.  It is the highest point in Massachusetts east of the Connecticut River. The mountain is named after a Native American term meaning "near the mountain" or "mountain place".  The mountain is a popular hiking and skiing destination (see 'Wachusett Mountain Ski Area"). An automobile road, open spring to fall, ascends to the summit. Views from the top of Mount Wachusett include Mount Monadnock to the north, Mount Greylock to the west, southern Vermont to the northwest, and Boston to the east. The mountain is traversed by the 92 mi (148 km) Midstate Trail. It is also home to the Wachusett Mountain State Reservation.

A band of old growth forest along rock ledges 500 feet (150 m) below the summit supports trees from 150 to 370 years old. Covering 220 acres (89 ha), it is the largest known old growth forest east of the Connecticut River in Massachusetts.
Arylacetonitrilase
In enzymology, an arylacetonitrilase (EC 3.5.5.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

4-chlorophenylacetonitrile + 2 H2O  4-chlorophenylacetate + NH3

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 4-chlorophenylacetonitrile and H2O, whereas its two products are 4-chlorophenylacetate and NH3.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in nitriles.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is arylacetonitrile aminohydrolase. This enzyme participates in cyanoamino acid metabolism.

4-Chlorophenylacetonitrile
4-Chlorophenylacetonitrile (sometimes referred to as 4-chlorobenzyl cyanide) is an organic compound that serves as a useful synthetic intermediate in medicinal chemistry. It is a chlorinated derivative of benzyl cyanide. The compound has a wide range of applications in the pharmaceutical industry and is also used in the synthesis of pesticides. It is toxic if ingested or absorbed through the skin, and it acts as a chemical pollutant in the environment.
Alan Templeton
Alan R. Templeton is an American geneticist and statistician at Washington University in St. Louis, where he is the Charles Rebstock emeritus professor of biology. From 2010 to 2019, he held positions in the Institute of Evolution and the Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology at the University of Haifa. He is known for his work demonstrating the degree of genetic diversity among humans and, in his opinion, the biological unreality of human races.

Geneticist
A geneticist is a biologist or physician who studies genetics, the science of genes, heredity, and variation of organisms. A geneticist can be employed as a scientist or a lecturer. Geneticists may perform general research on genetic processes or develop genetic technologies to aid in the pharmaceutical or and agriculture industries. Some geneticists perform experiments in model organisms such as Drosophila, C. elegans, zebrafish, rodents or humans and analyze data to interpret the inheritance of biological traits. A basic science geneticist is a scientist who usually has earned a PhD in genetics and undertakes research and/or lectures in the field. A medical geneticist is a physician who has been trained in medical genetics as a specialization and evaluates, diagnoses, and manages patients with hereditary conditions or congenital malformations; and provides genetic risk calculations and mutation analysis.
The Disbanded Officer
The Disbanded Officer; Or, The Baroness of Bruschal is a 1786 comedy play by James Johnstone, inspired by the 1763 German play Minna von Barnhelm by Gotthold Ephraim Lessing. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Haymarket in London on 24 July 1786. The original London cast included John Palmer as Colonel Holberg, John Bannister as Paul Warmans, Robert Baddeley as Katzenbuckel, William Parsons as Rohf, Charles Farley as Boy, Elizabeth Farren as Baroness of Bruschal, Mary Bulkley as Lisetta and Elizabeth Inchbald as Lady in Mourning. The Irish premiere took place at the Smock Alley Theatre in Dublin on 15 February 1787. Johnstone dedicated the publisher version to Queen Charlotte.

John Palmer (actor)
John Palmer (c. 1742–1798) was an actor on the English stage in the eighteenth century. There was also another John Palmer (1728–1768) who was known as Gentleman Palmer. Richard Brinsley Sheridan nicknamed him Plausible Jack.
Khelo India Beach Games
Khelo India Beach Games (KIBG) is a national level multi-sport event held in India, where athletes across the country compete in six beach sports, namely beach soccer, beach volleyball, sepak takraw, beach kabaddi, pencak silat and open water swimming. Mallakhamb and tug of war are also held with the games for demonstration purposes. The inaugural edition of KIBG was held in 2025 on the Ghoghla Beach in Diu, from 19-24 May, with Manipur winning the competition.

Mallakhamba
Mallakhamba, or Mallakhamb or Mallarkambam is a traditional sport, originating from the Indian subcontinent, in which a group of gymnasts perform aerial yoga and gymnastic postures using wrestling grips in concert with a stationary vertical pole. The word mallakhamba also refers to the pole used in the sport. The pole is usually made from shisham (Indian rosewood) polished with castor oil. Other popular versions of mallakhamba are practiced using a cane or a rope instead of a pole. The origins of pole dancing can be traced back to the sport of mallakhamba.

The name mallakhamba derives from the terms malla, meaning wrestler, and khamba, which means a pole. Literally meaning "wrestling pole", the term refers to a traditional training implement used by wrestlers.

On April 9, 2013, the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh declared mallakhamba to be an official state sport. By 2017, more than 20 other states in India had added it as one of their state sports.
1999 Icelandic Cup
The 1999 Coca-Cola bikar was the 40th season of the Icelandic national football cup. It started on 24 May 1999 and concluded with the final on 26 September 1999. The winners qualified for the qualifying round of the 2000–01 UEFA Cup.

2000–01 UEFA Cup
The 2000–01 UEFA Cup was the 30th edition of the UEFA Cup competition. Liverpool won the final with a golden goal in extra-time against Alavés for their third title in the competition. It completed a cup treble for the club, as they also won the FA Cup and the League Cup that season. The conclusion of the tournament by a golden goal is the only instance in any of the major European club cup competitions until the abolition of the rule in 2002.

Galatasaray could not defend their title as they automatically qualified for the 2000–01 UEFA Champions League and also reached the knockout stage.

English clubs had been banned from European competitions between 1985 and 1990 as a result of the Heysel disaster, and Liverpool were the first English side of the post-Heysel era to win the trophy. The previous English winners were Tottenham Hotspur in 1984. It was also Liverpool's first European trophy of the post-Heysel era.