hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Reflectarray antenna
A reflectarray antenna (or just reflectarray) consists of an array of unit cells, illuminated by a feeding antenna (source of electromagnetic waves). The feeding antenna is usually a horn.
The unit cells are usually backed by a ground plane, and the incident wave reflects off them towards the direction of the beam, but each cell adds a different phase delay to the reflected signal.
A phase distribution of concentric rings is applied to focus the wavefronts from the feeding antenna into a plane wave (to account for the varying path lengths from the feeding antenna to each unit cell).
A progressive phase shift can be applied to the unit cells to steer the beam direction. It is common to offset the feeding antenna to prevent blockage of the beam.
In this case, the phase distribution on the reflectarray surface needs to be altered. A reflectarray focuses a beam in a similar way to a parabolic reflector (dish), but with a much thinner form factor.

Telecommunications link
In a telecommunications network, a link is a communication channel that connects two or more devices for the purpose of data transmission. The link may be a dedicated physical link or a virtual circuit that uses one or more physical links or shares a physical link with other telecommunications links.

A telecommunications link is generally based on one of several types of information transmission paths such as those provided by communication satellites, terrestrial radio communications infrastructure (a radio link) and computer networks to connect two or more points.

The term link is widely used in computer networking to refer to the communications facilities that connect nodes of a network.

Sometimes the communications facilities that provide the communication channel that constitutes a link are also included in the definition of link.ipv4 for cell phone
Llanpumsaint
Llanpumsaint (Welsh pronunciationⓘ; Welsh "Llan" church + "pum" five + "saint" saint(s)) is a village and community in Carmarthenshire, Wales. In the 2001 UK Census, Llanpumsaint community had a population of 595. It is not to be confused with Pumsaint, a small village some distance away on the River Cothi. The population increased in 2011 to 734, and thus the percentage of Welsh speakers declined.

Llanpumsaint community comprises the neighbouring hamlet of Nebo, the spiritual community and temple at Skanda Vale and a number of farms.

According to the 2001 Census, 50% of those living in Llanpumsaint community are able to speak, read and write Welsh, this is well above the 39% average recorded for Carmarthenshire in the same census. The council has faced controversy for choosing to hold its meetings only in English.

Afon Cothi
The Afon Cothi (also known as the River Cothy) in Carmarthenshire is the largest tributary of the River Tywi in south Wales. From its source at Blaen Cothi in the north of the county, north of Pumsaint, it flows south-east and then turns south-west to flow past Cwrt-y-cadno, Pumsaint, Abergorlech and Pont-ar-Gothi before joining the River Tywi west of the village of Llanarthney.

The Cothi is noted for its trout and sea trout (sewin) fishing and for its scenery.
Route 311 (Virginia–West Virginia)
Virginia State Route 311 (SR 311) and West Virginia Route 311 (WV 311) are adjoining state highways in the U.S. states of Virginia and West Virginia.  The two state highways together run 58.7 miles (94.5 km) from U.S. Route 11 in Salem, Virginia north to Interstate 64 and U.S. Route 60 near White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. The two Virginia portions of Route 311 are maintained by the Virginia Department of Transportation, with the exception of the city-maintained portion within Salem.  The West Virginia segments are maintained by the West Virginia Division of Highways.

SR 311 is a Virginia Byway north of SR 419.

White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia
White Sulphur Springs is a city in Greenbrier County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 2,231 at the 2020 census. The city emblem consists of five dandelion flowers and the citizens celebrate spring with an annual Dandelion Festival.
ORP Grom
Three ships of the Polish Navy have been named ORP Grom (Polish: thunder):

ORP Grom (1936) was a Grom-class destroyer launched in 1936 and sunk near Narvik in 1940.

ORP Grom (1957) was a Project 30bis destroyer received from the USSR in 1957 and decommissioned in 1973.

ORP Grom (1995) is an Orkan-class fast attack craft launched in 1995 and currently serving with the Polish Navy.

ORP Grom (1957)
ORP Grom (English: Thunder) was a Project 30bis destroyer, sold to the People's Republic of Poland by the Soviet Union in 1957. She was built by the Zhdanov Shipyard in Leningrad and originally served in the Soviet Baltic Fleet as the Sposobnyy. She served together in the Polish Navy with her sister ship Wicher until 1973. The ship was scrapped in 1977. Her remainings together with the Wicher were sunk in Hel as breakwaters, where they remain to this day.
David C. Fulton
David Clements Fulton (February 1, 1838 – March 30, 1899) was an American banker and politician.  He was the 16th mayor of Hudson, Wisconsin, and represented St. Croix County in the Wisconsin State Assembly during the 1873 session.  During the first administration of President Grover Cleveland, he served as United States marshal for the Western District of Wisconsin.  He also served as a Union Army officer during the American Civil War.

United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin
43°04′25″N 89°23′21″W﻿ / ﻿43.0737°N 89.3891°W﻿ / 43.0737; -89.3891

The United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin (in case citations, W.D. Wis.) is a federal court in the Seventh Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

The district was established on June 30, 1870.

As of July 1, 2025 the acting United States attorney is Chadwick M. Elgersma.
D.E.B.S. (2003 film)
D.E.B.S. is a 2003 American action comedy short film written and directed by Angela Robinson. D.E.B.S. made the film festival circuit including the Sundance Film Festival, L.A. Outfest and New York Lesbian and Gay Film Festival, receiving a total of seven film festival awards.

D.E.B.S. is both a parody and an emulation of the Charlie's Angels (2000) format. It features a lesbian love story between one of the heroes and the villain. "Debs" is also short for debutantes.

Debutante
A debutante, also spelled débutante (/ˈdɛbjʊtɑːnt/ DEB-yuu-tahnt; from French: débutante [debytɑ̃t], 'female beginner'), or deb is a young woman of aristocratic or upper-class family background who has reached maturity and is presented to society at a formal "debut" (UK: /ˈdeɪbjuː, ˈdɛbjuː/ DAY-byoo, DEB-yoo, US: /deɪˈbjuː/ day-BYOO; French: début [deby]) or debutante ball. Originally, the term indicated that the woman was old enough to be married, and one purpose of her "coming out" was to display her to eligible bachelors and their families with a view to marriage within a select circle.

A debutante ball, sometimes called a coming-out party, is a formal ball that includes presenting debutantes during the social season, usually during the spring or summer. Debutante balls may require prior instruction in social etiquette and appropriate morals.
Big Peninsula Tunnel
The Big Peninsula Tunnel is a small river diversion tunnel on the upper Yarra River near McMahons Creek, around 80 km east of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.  The tunnel was dug in 1864, during the Victorian gold rush, by alluvial gold miners to provide access to the bed of the Yarra River.  Big Peninsula Tunnel is a square section, about 2 metres high and wide, and approximately 25 metres long.

The tunnel can be accessed from a small carpark off the Woods Point Road, approximately 15 km east of Warburton and 1 km below McMahons Creek.  The Goldfields Walking Trail starts nearby.

The site is listed in the Victorian Heritage Inventory.

Warburton, Victoria
Warburton is a town in Victoria, Australia, 76 kilometres (47 miles) east of Melbourne's central business district, located within the Shire of Yarra Ranges local government area. Warburton recorded a population of 2,020 at the 2021 census.
Archipelago International
Archipelago International is the largest privately owned hotel management company in Southeast Asia. Archipelago International entered the Southeast Asian market in 1997 and as of 2023, has more than 350 properties including hotels, condotels, resorts, serviced apartments, boutique villa resorts, and vacation rental units of which more than 300 are operational (consisting of more than 40,000 rooms), and 100 more hotels are under development.

Archipelago International oversees more than 350 properties with over 40,000 keys across the globe such as Southeast Asia (primarily), Africa, Australia, the Caribbean, and the Middle East.

Condo hotel
A condo hotel, also known as a condotel, hotel condo, or a contel, is a building that is legally a condominium but operated as a hotel, offering short-term rentals, and which maintains a front desk.

Condo hotels are typically high-rise buildings developed and operated as luxury hotels, usually in major cities and resorts. These hotels have condominium units that allow someone to own a full-service vacation home. When they are not using this home, they can leverage the marketing and management done by the hotel chain to rent and manage the condo unit as it would any other hotel room.
Hell's Four Hundred
Hell's Four Hundred, sometimes listed as Hell's 400, is a 1926 American silent drama film directed by John Griffith Wray and starring Margaret Livingston, Harrison Ford, and Henry Kolker. An allegorical dream sequence towards the end of the film where the Vance character visualizes her sins as monsters was shot using two-strip Technicolor.

John Griffith Wray
John Griffith Wray (August 30, 1881 – July 15, 1929) was an American stage actor and director who later became a noted Hollywood silent film director. He worked on 19 films between 1913 and 1929 that included Anna Christie (1923) and Human Wreckage (1923), Dorothy Davenport's story about her husband Wallace Reid's drug addiction and death.
Boykov
Boykov or Boikov (Cyrillic: Бойков) is a Russian and Bulgarian masculine surname originating from the root boi, meaning fight or its adjectives like boikii (bold, quick); its feminine counterpart is Boykova or Boikova. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexandre Boikov (born 1975), Russian ice hockey defenseman

Alexander Boikov (born 1975), Russian ice hockey forward

Aleksandra Boikova (born 2002), Russian pair skater

Nikolay Boykov (born 1968), Bulgarian writer

Sergei Boikov (born 1996), Russian ice hockey defenceman

Viktoria Boykova (born 1989), Russian wheelchair fencer

Vladimir Boykov (born 1976), Russian footballer

Aleksandra Boikova
Aleksandra Igorevna Boikova (Russian: Александра Игоревна Бойкова; born 20 January 2002) is a Russian pair skater. With her skating partner, Dmitrii Kozlovskii, she is the 2020 European champion, the 2021 World bronze medalist, the 2019 European bronze medalist, a six-time Grand Prix medalist (including four golds), the 2020 Russian national champion, and a six-time Russian national medalist.

On the junior level with Kozlovskii, she is the 2017 Junior World silver medalist, the 2016–17 Junior Grand Prix Final bronze medalist, and the 2017 Russian junior national champion.
Ellzey
Ellzey is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jake Ellzey (born 1970), American politician

Janet Ellzey, American combustion engineer

Lawrence R. Ellzey (1891–1977), American politician

Jake Ellzey
John Kevin "Jake" Ellzey Sr. (born January 24, 1970) is an American politician and former military officer serving as the U.S. representative for Texas's 6th congressional district since 2021. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a member of the Texas House of Representatives for the 10th district from January to July 2021. He served in the United States Navy as a fighter pilot, completing tours in Afghanistan and Iraq.
Maki-dō
Makidō (満奇洞) is one of many limestone caves located in the city of Niimi, in northwestern Okayama Prefecture, Japan.

The cave is said to have been accidentally discovered by a hunter in the Edo Period. It approximately 450 meters in length with a relatively flat elevation. It contains numerous stalactites and a large underground lake. The cave was popularized by the poets Tekkan Yosano and Akiko Yosano in 1929. It was designated an Okayama Prefectural Natural Monument in 1957 and was opened as a show cave. LED lighting was installed in 2015.

The cave was used as a filming location for the 1977 movie Yatsuhakamura.

Tekkan Yosano
Yosano Hiroshi (与謝野 寛; 26 February 1873 – 26 March 1935), known by his pen name Tekkan Yosano (与謝野 鉄幹 or 與謝野 鐵幹, Yosano Tekkan) was a Japanese author and poet active in late Meiji, Taishō, and early Shōwa era. His wife was fellow author Yosano Akiko. His grandson was politician Kaoru Yosano.
Thiruparankundram
Thiruparankundram, also spelled Tiruparangundram, is a neighbourhood in Madurai in Tamil Nadu, India. Located about 7 km (4.3 mi) from the city center, it is located on the southwest part of the city. The town is situated abutting a huge monolithic rock hill that rises to a height of 1,048 ft (319 m).

It is home to the Subramaniya Swamy Temple, located on the foothill. There are numerous historic monuments, temples, a dargah, and Jain relics, some of which are protected as national monuments by the Indian government, on the hill.

As per the 2011 census, the town had a population of 48,810. It was incorporated as a separate municipality in 2011, and the first local body election for the same was held on 18 October 2011.

Dargah
A Sufi shrine or dargah is a shrine or tomb built over the grave of a revered religious figure, often a Sufi saint or dervish. Sufis often visit the shrine for ziyarat, a term associated with religious visitation and pilgrimages. Dargahs are often associated with Sufi eating and meeting rooms and hostels, called khanqah or hospices. They usually include a mosque, meeting rooms, Islamic religious schools (madrasas), residences for a teacher or caretaker, hospitals, and other buildings for community purposes.
Meneuztamak
Meneuztamak (Russian: Менеузтамак; Bashkir: Мәнәүезтамаҡ, Mänäweztamaq) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Meneuztamaksky Selsoviet, Miyakinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 878 as of 2010. There are 12 streets.

Miyakinsky District
Miyakinsky District (Russian: Мия́кинский райо́н; Bashkir: Миәкә районы, Miäkä rayonı; Tatar: Миякә районы, Miyakä rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Alsheyevsky District in the north, Sterlitamaksky District in the east, Sterlibashevsky District in the east and south, Orenburg Oblast in the southwest, and with Bizhbulyaksky District in the west. The area of the district is 2,051.28 square kilometers (792.00 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Kirgiz-Miyaki. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 28,224, with the population of Kirgiz-Miyaki accounting for 26.5% of that number.
Carlos Leonel
Carlos Leonel Gois Fernandes (born 28 July 1987 in Ribeira Brava, Madeira, Portugal), commonly known as Carlos Leonel, is a former football player. He was the top scorer in the 2016 and 2017 Liga de Elite.

Ribeira Brava, Madeira
Ribeira Brava (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʁiˈβɐjɾɐ ˈβɾavɐ] ⓘ; lit. 'Angry River') is a municipality on the island of Madeira, in the Portuguese Autonomous Region of Madeira. It is located along the southern coast (approximately centre), and is west of Câmara de Lobos and the regional capital Funchal, south of São Vicente, and east of Ponta do Sol. The population in 2011 was 13,375, in an area of 65.41 km2.

The municipality gained its name due to its river, which translates as "angry river". In rainy seasons, the river had an extremely strong and powerful current, that often wreaked havoc over the entire eight kilometres of the route.
Alan Henderson
Alan Lybrooks Henderson (born December 2, 1972) is an American former professional basketball player of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He stands 6 ft 9 in (2.06 m) tall. Born in Morgantown, West Virginia, Henderson attended Brebeuf Jesuit Preparatory School in Indianapolis, Indiana. They lost the state championship game his senior year to Glenn Robinson's Gary Roosevelt squad. In 1994, he was a part of the US men's basketball team for the Goodwill Games.

Morgantown, West Virginia
Morgantown is a city in Monongalia County, West Virginia, United States, and its county seat. Located along the Monongahela River in north-central West Virginia, it is home to West Virginia University. With a population of 30,347 at the 2020 census, Morgantown is the third-most populous city in West Virginia. The Morgantown metropolitan area has an estimated 140,000 residents. The local economy is largely driven by education and healthcare, anchored by West Virginia University and the Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center.
2023–24 NHK Party dispute
A dispute within the NHK Party, a political party in Japan, began on April 7, 2023 when former party leader Takashi Tachibana, who earlier resigned in favor of the current leader Ayaka Otsu the previous month announced in a press conference that he was re-assuming the leadership without prior knowledge of Otsu. This led to her denying the change of leadership, leading to the creation of two opposing factions within the party. The dispute has led to the disintegration of the party. Having lost all of their local assembly and National Diet seats, the party lost their status as an official national party recognized by the Government of Japan in January 2024, and the party soon after filed for bankruptcy in March 2024.

As of July 2024, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications recognizes the Otsu faction as the legitimate members of the party.

Takashi Tachibana
Takashi Tachibana (立花 孝志, Tachibana Takashi; born 15 August 1967) is a Japanese social activist, journalist, accountant and politician who is the founder and former leader of the NHK Party (NHK党, NHK tō). A former assemblyman for the Funabashi City Assembly and the Katsushika Ward Assembly, he was elected to the House of Councillors in the July 2019 regular election on his party's proportional representation list. He automatically forfeited his seat on 10 October when he officially became a candidate in the October 2019 by-election to the House of Councillors for a majoritarian seat in Saitama.
Julian Koenig (neuroscientist)
Julian Koenig is a German neuroscientist who is tenured associated professor of biological child and adolescent psychiatry at University of Cologne. Koenig is co-editor of European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, affiliate editor of the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, associate editor of the International Journal of Psychophysiology, and consulting editor of Psychophysiology.

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering child and adolescent psychiatry. It was established in 1992 and is published by Springer Science+Business Media on behalf of the European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, of which it is the official journal. The editor-in-chief is Johannes Hebebrand (University of Duisburg-Essen). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 4.785.
Aceria malherbae
Aceria malherbae is a species of gall mite known as the bindweed gall mite. It is used as an agent of biological pest control on invasive species of bindweed, particularly field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis).

This mite is native to central and southern Europe and northern Africa. It was imported from Greece and released in the US state of Texas in 1989. It is now established in Texas and surrounding states, where it has been known to reduce the density of invasive field bindweed. The adult mite is nearly microscopic and looks like a minute yellow maggot with two pairs of legs. The nymph is similar in appearance to the adult. The adult and the nymph both damage the plant, feeding on the leaves during the warmer seasons when the plant is growing, and on stem and root buds when the plant is dormant over the winter. Galls form on damaged plant tissues, causing leaves to warp and curl and stems and roots to grow out stunted if at all.

Nymph (biology)
In biology, a nymph (from Ancient Greek νύμφα nūmphē meaning "bride") is the juvenile form of some invertebrates, particularly insects, which undergoes gradual metamorphosis (hemimetabolism) before reaching its adult stage.  Unlike a typical larva, a nymph's overall form already resembles that of the adult, except for a lack of wings (in winged species) and the emergence of genitalia. In addition, while a nymph moults, it never enters a pupal stage. Instead, the final moult results in an adult insect. Nymphs undergo multiple stages of development called instars.
GnuCash
GnuCash is an accounting program that implements a double-entry bookkeeping system. It was initially aimed at developing capabilities similar to Intuit, Inc.'s Quicken application, but also has features for small business accounting. Recent development has been focused on adapting to modern desktop support-library requirements.

GnuCash is part of the GNU Project, and runs on Linux, GNU, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, Solaris, macOS, and other Unix-like platforms. A Microsoft Windows (2000 or newer) port was made available starting with the 2.2.0 series.

GnuCash includes scripting support via Scheme, mostly used for creating custom reports.

GNU
GNU (/ɡnuː/ ⓘ GNOO) is an extensive collection of free software (387 packages as of June 2025), which can be used as an operating system or can be used in parts with other operating systems. The use of the completed GNU tools led to the family of operating systems popularly known as Linux. Most of GNU is licensed under the GNU Project's own General Public License (GPL).

GNU is also the project within which the free software concept originated. Richard Stallman, the founder of the project, views GNU as a "technical means to a social end". Relatedly, Lawrence Lessig states in his introduction to the second edition of Stallman's book Free Software, Free Society that in it Stallman has written about "the social aspects of software and how Free Software can create community and social justice".
Galib Ran Singh
Galib Ran Singh is a village in Jagraon in Ludhiana district of Punjab State, India. It is located 24 kilometres (15 mi) from Moga, 39 kilometres (24 mi) from Nakodar, 50 kilometres (31 mi) from district headquarter Ludhiana and 157 kilometres (98 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

Nakodar
Nakodar is a town and a municipal council in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab.

The city is almost 365 km from Delhi, 25 km from Jalandhar, 49 km from Ludhiana, and about 101 km from Amritsar. Surrounding villages include Chak Mughlani, Maheru, Allowal, Mehatpur (Haripur) (Bhullar) Nawan Pind Jattan, Heran, Bir Pind, (Aulakh), Shankar, Nur Pur Chatha, Sarih, Malri, Khanpur Dhadda, Uggi, and Malhian Kalan.

The town is well paved and currently forms a Tehsil of District Jalandhar. Outside the town, there are two large tombs dating from the times of Emperor Jahangir, later one of them is said to be the burial place of the adviser of Emperor Shah Jahan, but it is not known who stand buried in the earlier tomb.