hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Catherine Cavagnaro
Catherine Elizabeth Cavagnaro (born 1965) is an American mathematician and aviator. She is a professor of mathematics at Sewanee: The University of the South, specializing in geometric topology and combinatorial group theory, and is co-editor of the Dictionary of Classical and Theoretical Mathematics. She is also a former record-holder in consecutive spins of an airplane, has been repeatedly recognized by the General Aviation Awards Program for her contributions to flight safety and instruction, and is listed in the Tennessee Aviation Hall of Fame.

Combinatorial group theory
In mathematics, combinatorial group theory is the theory of free groups, and the concept of a presentation of a group by generators and relations. It is much used in geometric topology, the fundamental group of a simplicial complex having in a natural and geometric way such a presentation.
A very closely related topic is geometric group theory, which today largely subsumes combinatorial group theory, using techniques from outside combinatorics besides.

It also comprises a number of algorithmically insoluble problems, most notably the word problem for groups; and the classical Burnside problem.
Cindy Miscikowski
Cynthia Miscikowski (born 1948) is an American politician who represented the 11th District on the Los Angeles City Council for two full terms from 1997 through 2005. Previously, she was an aide to Councilman Marvin Braude and the Executive Director of the Skirball Cultural Center in its beginning stages. She served as the President of the Board of Harbor Commissioners under Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa, overseeing the Port of Los Angeles.

She joined forces with Muslim organizations to try to restrict the number of strip clubs and businesses with liquor licenses in her district, which contains the largest Muslim population of any City Council district in Los Angeles. Miscikowski is Vice Chairman of the LAPD Foundation and was awarded the 2008 Public Service Award by the UCLA Alumni Association.

Los Angeles's 11th City Council district
Los Angeles's 11th City Council district is one of the fifteen districts in the Los Angeles City Council. It is currently represented by Democrat Traci Park since 2022, who succeeded Mike Bonin after his retirement.

The district was created in 1925 after a new city charter was passed, which replaced the former "at large" voting system for a nine-member council with a district system with a 15-member council. The 11th District originally encompassed an area south of Downtown before being moved to the Venice area in 1928, where it has stayed since. It is the largest district in the Los Angeles City Council by square miles.
History of Linux
Linux began in 1991 as a personal project by Finnish student Linus Torvalds to create a new free operating system kernel. The resulting Linux kernel has been marked by constant growth throughout its history. Since the initial release of its source code in 1991, it has grown from a small number of C files under a license prohibiting commercial distribution to the 4.15 version in 2018 with more than 23.3 million lines of source code, not counting comments, under the GNU General Public License v2 with a syscall exception meaning anything that uses the kernel via system calls are not subject to the GNU GPL.: 7

KDE
KDE is an international free software community that develops free and open-source software. As a central development hub, it provides tools and resources that enable collaborative work on its projects. Its products include the KDE Plasma graphical shell, KDE Frameworks, and the KDE Gear range of applications including Kate, digiKam, and Krita. Many KDE applications are cross-platform and can run on Unix and Unix-like operating systems as well as Microsoft Windows. KDE is legally represented by KDE e.V. based in Germany, which also owns the KDE trademarks and funds the project.
Hazells F.C.
Hazells (Aylesbury) Football Club was a football club based in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire. The club was formed by staff at the Hazell, Watson and Viney printing works in the town, and competed in the Hellenic and Chiltonian Leagues between 1957 and 1994.

Aylesbury
Aylesbury (/ˈeɪlzbəri/ AYLZ-bər-ee or /ˈɛlzbri/ ELLZ-bree) is the county town of Buckinghamshire, England. It is home to the Roald Dahl Children's Gallery and the Waterside Theatre.  There is also one of the largest independent Arts Centre in the UK, the Queens Park Arts Centre which recently received the King's Award for Voluntary Service. It is located in central Buckinghamshire, midway between High Wycombe and Milton Keynes.

In 2011 its urban area had a population of 94,238 The housing target for the town is set to grow with 16,000 homes set to be built by 2033.
Brooks, Alberta
Brooks is a city in southeast Alberta, Canada in the County of Newell. It is on Highway 1 (Trans-Canada Highway) and the Canadian Pacific Kansas City railway, approximately 186 km (116 mi) southeast of Calgary, and 110 km (68 mi) northwest of Medicine Hat. The city has an elevation of 760 m (2,490 ft).

Canadian Pacific Kansas City
Canadian Pacific Kansas City Limited, doing business as CPKC (known as Canadian Pacific Railway Limited until 2023), is a Canadian Class I freight railway, headquartered in Calgary. It operates about 32,000 kilometres (20,000 mi) of rail in Canada, Mexico, and the United States, and is the only single-line rail corporation ever to connect the three countries.
Independent practice association
In the United States, an independent practice association (IPA), also known as an independent provider association, independent physician association, individual practice association or integrated physician association, is an association of independent physicians, or other organizations that contracts with independent care delivery organizations, and provides services to managed care organizations on a negotiated per capita rate, flat retainer fee, or negotiated fee-for-service basis.

Fee-for-service
Fee-for-service (FFS) is a payment model where a service provider is paid for each service rendered, regardless of the outcome. It is most frequently discussed in the context of physician payment models, but may also apply to patents and real estate.
Chaonia, Missouri
Chaonia is an extinct town in Wayne County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The site was on the bank of the St. Francis River and is now within Lake Wappapello. The Chaonia Landing recreation area at the end of Missouri Route W is about one-half mile south of the original location. The Chaonia Cemetery is on a ridge one half mile east of the recreation area.

Chaonia was originally called Wellsdale, and under the latter name was platted in 1887 when the railroad was built to that point.  A post office called Chaonia was established in 1888, and remained in operation until 1940.

Wayne County, Missouri
Wayne County is a county located in the Ozark foothills in the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,974. The county seat is Greenville. The county was officially organized on December 11, 1818, and is named after General "Mad" Anthony Wayne, who served in the American Revolution. As of August 28, 2023, Wayne County is designated the UFO Capital of Missouri, along with the city of Piedmont.
Ola Hunderi
Ola David Raa Hunderi (4 February 1939 – 13 June 2016) was a Norwegian physicist.

He took the dr.philos. degree in 1970, and was appointed as professor at the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1981. From 1987 to 1993 he was the research director at SINTEF.

SINTEF
SINTEF (Norwegian: Stiftelsen for industriell og teknisk forskning, "The Foundation for Industrial and Technical Research"), headquartered in Trondheim, Norway, is an independent research organization founded in 1950 that conducts contract research and development projects. SINTEF has 2000 employees from 75 countries and annual revenues of three billion Norwegian kroner. SINTEF has a close partnership with Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), started in 1950 when SINTEF was founded. SINTEF has expertise in technology, medicine and the social sciences. Alexandra Bech Gjørv is the CEO of SINTEF, preceded by Unni Steinsmo, Morten Loktu and Roar Arntzen.
Max Valentiner
Captain Christian August Max Ahlmann Valentiner (15 December 1883 – 19 July 1949) was a German U-boat commander during World War I. He was the third highest-scoring U-boat commander of the war, and was awarded the Pour le Mérite for his achievements.

He was also listed as a war criminal by the Allies, for killing hundreds of civilians by sinking the passenger liner Persia without warning on 30 December 1915, contrary to international law.

Kapitänleutnant
Kapitänleutnant, short: KptLt/in lists: KL, (English: captain lieutenant or lieutenant captain) is an officer grade of the captains' military hierarchy group (German: Hauptleute) of the modern German Bundeswehr. The rank is rated OF-2 in NATO, and equivalent to Hauptmann in the Heer and Luftwaffe. It is grade A11 or A12 in the pay rules of the Federal Ministry of Defence.

The rank first appeared in the German Empire and continued in use through the Weimar Republic and into the Third Reich.
Matthias Toliman
Matthias Tutanava Toliman CBE (25 August 1925 – 6 September 1973) was a Papua New Guinean politician. He served as a member of the House of Assembly between 1964 and 1973, also holding ministerial roles from 1964 until 1972.

House of Assembly of Papua and New Guinea
The House of Assembly of Papua and New Guinea was the legislature of the territory of Papua and New Guinea from 1964 to 1975. Before 1964, the Legislative Council of Papua and New Guinea sat from 1951 to 1964 under the Papua and New Guinea Act 1949. After independence in 1975, the legislature was renamed from the House of Assembly of Papua New Guinea to the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea.

From 1884 to 1902, Papua or British New Guinea was administered by Britain and then transferred to direct rule by Australia under the Papua Act 1906. Australian rule was interrupted during World War II.
Rayleigh–Jeans law
In physics, the Rayleigh–Jeans law is an approximation to the spectral radiance of electromagnetic radiation as a function of wavelength from a black body at a given temperature through classical arguments. For wavelength λ, it is

where  is the spectral radiance (the power emitted per unit emitting area, per steradian, per unit wavelength),  is the speed of light,  is the Boltzmann constant, and  is the temperature in kelvins. For frequency , the expression is instead

The Rayleigh–Jeans law agrees with experimental results at large wavelengths (low frequencies) but strongly disagrees at short wavelengths (high frequencies). This inconsistency between observations and the predictions of classical physics is commonly known as the ultraviolet catastrophe. Planck's law, which gives the correct radiation at all frequencies, has the Rayleigh–Jeans law as its low-frequency limit.

Classical physics
Classical physics consists of scientific theories in the field of physics that are non-quantum or both non-quantum and non-relativistic, depending on the context. In historical discussions, classical physics refers to pre-1900 physics, while modern physics refers to post-1900 physics, which incorporates elements of quantum mechanics and the theory of relativity. However, relativity is based on classical field theory rather than quantum field theory, and is often categorized as a part of "classical physics".
Honywood baronets
The Honywood Baronetcy, of Evington in the County of Kent, is a title in the Baronetage of England. It was created on 19 July 1660 for Edward Honywood. He was the son of Sir John Honywood, high sheriff of Kent from 1607 to 1609. The second Baronet represented Canterbury in the House of Commons. The fourth Baronet sat as Member of Parliament for Steyning, Canterbury and Honiton. The eighth Baronet was an Alderman of the Kent County Council. The tenth Baronet was a Colonel in the British Army.

Steyning (UK Parliament constituency)
Steyning was a parliamentary borough in Sussex, England, which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons sporadically from 1298 and continuously from 1467 until 1832. It was a notorious rotten borough, and was abolished by the Great Reform Act.
Mamdouh Abbas Al Saleh
Mamdouh Abbas Ahmed Al Saleh (Arabic: ممدوح عباس أحمد الصالح, born in 1973 in Manama) is a Bahraini actor, assistant director, fashion designer, art director, and politician. He was sworn into the Council of Representatives on December 12, 2018, representing the Third District of the Capital Governorate.

Capital Governorate, Bahrain
The Capital Governorate (Arabic: محافظة العاصمة, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat al-ʿĀṣimah) is one of the four governorates of Bahrain. The governorate includes Manama, the capital of Bahrain. It is the most populous administrative region in the country, with a population of over half million people in 2020.
Enkomi
Enkomi (Greek: Έγκωμη; Turkish: Tuzla) is a village near Famagusta in Cyprus. It is a short distance from a prominent 2nd millennium BC archaeological site also named Enkomi. Enkomi is under the de facto control of Northern Cyprus.

In 1974, Enkomi had about 800 Greek Cypriot inhabitants. They all fled to the south of the island after the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, in the aftermath of the July coup. As of 2011, Enkomi has a population of 2,645. It comprises displaced Turkish Cypriots from Larnaca and Turkish settlers from Adana Province and Trabzon Province.

Adana Province
Adana Province (Turkish: Adana ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey located in central Cilicia. The administrative seat of the province is the city of Adana, home to 78.25% of the residents of the province. Its area is 13,844 km2, and its population is 2,274,106 (2022). It is also closely associated with other Cilician provinces of Mersin, Osmaniye, and (northern) Hatay.
Beijing Xiangshan Forum
The Beijing Xiangshan Forum (Chinese: 北京香山论坛), also known as the Xiangshan Forum (Chinese: 香山论坛), was founded in 2006 by the Chinese Society of Military Science as a track II dialogue venue addressing Asia-Pacific security issues.

Track II diplomacy
Track II diplomacy is the practice of non-state actors using conflict resolution tactics (such as workshops and conversations) to "[lower] the anger or tension or fear that exists" between conflicting groups.

These "non-governmental, informal and unofficial contacts" host activities to improve communication and understanding between citizens, such as through workshops and conversations.

According to American peace activist Joseph V. Montville, who coined the term, track I diplomacy entails official, governmental diplomacy between nations, such as negotiations conducted by professional diplomats. Track II diplomacy refers to conflict resolution efforts by practitioners and theorists. These efforts involve "improved communication" to further "a better understanding of [conflicting groups'] point of view".
Jana Lund
Jana Lund (born Johanna Cozette Ekelund; August 28, 1933 – July 20, 1991) was an American model, actress, and singer. She began her career as a young child actor. She had numerous roles on television shows and supporting roles in various films.

High School Hellcats
High School Hellcats is a 1958 American exploitation film starring Yvonne Lime, Bret Halsey, and Jana Lund and directed by Edward L. Bernds. It is part of a series of exploitation films about juvenile delinquents produced during the 1950s by American International Pictures. American International Pictures released the film as a double feature with Hot Rod Gang. The film is also known as School For Violence.
Eve Christine Gadzikwa
Eve Christine Gadzikwa (née Mandaza; born 24 December 1964) is a Zimbabwean businesswoman and entrepreneur. With a career spanning over 25 years in the public and private sectors, Gadzikwa has served as Director General and Secretary to the Standards Association of Zimbabwe since September 2008. She is also a qualified microbiologist and a fellow of the Institute of Medical Laboratory and Clinical Scientist Council of Zimbabwe and the Marketing Association of Zimbabwe. She was previously the 13th and first female president of the African Organisation for Standardisation from 2016 to 2019.

African Organization for Standardisation
African Organization for Standardisation (ARSO), formerly the African Regional Organisation for Standardisation, is an intergovernmental organization of 43 countries of Africa. It also led the continental program Eco Mark Africa.
Bardzkie Mountains
The Bardzkie Mountains (Polish: Góry Bardzkie, German: Warthagebirge polish pronunciationⓘ) are a mountain range in the Central Sudetes in Poland.

Major towns:

Bardo (German: Wartha)

Ząbkowice Śląskie (German: Frankenstein in Schlesien)

Kamieniec Ząbkowicki (German: Kamenz)

Srebrna Góra (German: Silberberg)

Kłodzko (German: Glatz)

Ząbkowice Śląskie
Ząbkowice Śląskie (Zombkovitze [zɔmpkɔˈvit͡sɛ ˈɕlɔ̃skʲɛ]; German: Frankenstein in Schlesien) is a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of Ząbkowice Śląskie County and of a local municipality called Gmina Ząbkowice Śląskie. The town lies approximately 63 kilometres (39 miles) south of the regional capital Wrocław. As of 2019, it had a population of 15,004.
OKK Konstantin
Omladinski košarkaški klub Konstantin (Serbian Cyrillic: Омладински кошаркашки клуб Константин), commonly referred to as OKK Konstantin or simply Konstantin, is a men's professional basketball club based in Niš, Serbia. They are currently competing in the Second Basketball League of Serbia.

Second Basketball League of Serbia
Second Men's League of Serbia (Serbian Cyrillic: Друга мушка лига Србије, romanized: Druga muška liga Srbije), previously Basketball League of Serbia B, is the second-tier level men's professional basketball league in Serbia. Founded in 2006, it is run by the Basketball Federation of Serbia (KSS).
Khapchagay
Khapchagay (Russian: Хапчагай; Yakut: Хапчаҕай, Xapçağay) is a rural locality (a selo), the only inhabited locality, and the administrative center of Doydunsky Rural Okrug of Megino-Kangalassky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 108 kilometers (67 mi) from Mayya, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 132, down from 133 recorded during the 2002 Census.

Megino-Kangalassky District
Megino-Kangalassky District (Russian: Ме́гино-Кангала́сский улу́с; Yakut: Мэҥэ-Хаҥалас улууһа, Meŋe Xaŋalas uluuha, [meŋe xaŋalas uluːha]) is an administrative and municipal district (raion, or ulus), one of the thirty-four in the Sakha Republic, Russia. It is located in the central part of the republic, on the Lena River opposite Yakutsk, the capital of the republic. The area of the district is 11,700 square kilometers (4,500 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Mayya. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 31,278, with the population of Mayya accounting for 23,.3% of that number.
Dickie, McCamey & Chilcote
Dickie, McCamey & Chilcote is a United States-based law firm with approximately 190 attorneys and is ranked as the 231st largest law firm in the United States by the National Law Journal. The firm's headquarters are in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and it has 21 offices nationwide.

Law firm
A law firm is a business entity formed by one or more lawyers to engage in the practice of law. The primary service rendered by a law firm is to advise clients (individuals or corporations) about their legal rights and responsibilities, and to represent clients in civil or criminal cases, business transactions, and other matters in which legal advice and other assistance are sought.
Kaxholmen
Kaxholmen is a locality situated in Jönköping Municipality, Jönköping County, Sweden with 1,458 inhabitants in 2010. The small locality is located near the lake of Landsjön which is well known for its bird-habitats.

Långsjön, Älvsjö
Långsjön (English: The Long Lake) is a lake in southern Stockholm, Sweden.
The lake is situated in an old residential neighbourhood located between the municipalities of Stockholm and Huddinge and most of the shoreline is private property. The water level is controlled by a sluice in the north-western end of the lake where the lake empties into Lake Mälaren through a system of dikes and culverts. Polluted waste water was poured directly into the lake during the early 20th century which caused up to two-thirds of the lake to be choked-up until the 1940s. It was subsequently one of the first lakes in Stockholm to undergo restoration. The northern shores are waterlogged whilst the bedrock surfaces along the southern. The lake has no major feeders, the inflow instead coming from local stormwater and surface runoff.
Baku (mythology)
Baku (獏 or 貘) are Japanese supernatural beings that are said to devour nightmares. They originate from the Chinese Mo. According to legend, they were created by the spare pieces that were left over when the gods finished creating all other animals. They have a long history in Japanese folklore and art, and more recently have appeared in manga and anime.

The Japanese term baku has two current meanings, referring to both the traditional dream-devouring creature and to the Malayan tapir.  In recent years, there have been changes in how the baku is depicted.

Japanese folklore
Japanese folklore encompasses the informally learned folk traditions of Japan and the Japanese people as expressed in its oral traditions, customs, and material culture.

In Japanese, the term minkan denshō (民間伝承; "transmissions among the folk") is used to describe folklore. The academic study of folklore is known as minzokugaku (民俗学). Folklorists also employ the term minzoku shiryō (民俗資料) or "folklore material" (民俗資料) to refer to the objects and arts they study.
Samuel Badree
Samuel Badree (born 9 March 1981) is a Trinidadian cricket commentator, cricket coach, and former cricketer who played international cricket for the West Indies.

Badree made his first-class debut for Trinidad and Tobago in 2002, but played only sporadically at that level, instead concentrating on the limited-overs forms of the game. After good form at domestic level, he was selected to make his Twenty20 International debut for the West Indies in June 2012, against New Zealand. Badree was a member of the West Indies team that won both the 2012 T20 World Cup and the 2016 T20 World Cup, and was one of the highest wicket takers of the 2016 tournament.

Outside of his international appearances, he has also played in several domestic Twenty20 competitions, including the Caribbean Premier League, the Bangladesh Premier League, the Indian Premier League, the Pakistan Super League, and Australia's Big Bash League.

Big Bash League
The  Big Bash League (BBL), also known as the KFC Big Bash League for sponsorship reasons, is a professional Twenty20 (T20) cricket league in Australia. Established in 2011 by Cricket Australia, it features eight city-based franchises and is held annually between December and February. In 2016–17, it was one of the two T20 cricket leagues—alongside the Indian Premier League—to feature amongst the top ten domestic sport leagues in average attendance.

The Perth Scorchers are the most successful team in the tournament's history and the most dominant franchise in Australian sport, having won the title six times including consecutively for two years twice. As of 2026, there have been 15 seasons of the tournament. The current champions are the Perth Scorchers, who won the 2025–26 season after defeating the Sydney Sixers by 6 wickets in the final.