hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mandated reporter
A mandated reporter is a person who is required by law to report crimes, typically if they know or suspect a child or vulnerable adult has been or is at risk of being abused or neglected. Mandatory reporting laws can also extend to vulnerable adults due to a disability, mental illness, or old age. If a mandated reporter does not report these crimes, they may be subject to civil and criminal penalties for failing to report. Mandated reporters include people with professions involving children, vulnerable adults, and emergency services (i.e., teachers, physicians, and police officers), while other states consider all adults to be mandated reporters regardless of their profession.

Civil penalty
A civil penalty or civil fine is a financial penalty imposed by a government agency as restitution for wrongdoing.  The wrongdoing is typically defined by a codification of legislation, regulations, and decrees. The civil fine is not considered to be a criminal punishment, because it is primarily sought in order to compensate the state for harm done to it, rather than to punish the wrongful conduct. As such, a civil penalty, in itself, will not carry a punishment of imprisonment or other legal penalties.
Sardis Methodist Church
Sardis Methodist Church is a historic church northeast of Pine Grove off Arkansas Highway 128 in Sparkman, Arkansas.  The single-story wood-frame church was built c. 1895, and is a well-preserved example of a vernacular rural church in Dallas County.  The building features a cross-gable roof, an unusual configuration not seen on most of the county's rural churches, and has a pyramid-roofed tower with open belfry at its southwest corner.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Side view

Interior

Dallas County, Arkansas
Dallas County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,482, making it the fourth-least populous county in Arkansas. The county seat is Fordyce. Dallas County is Arkansas's 49th county, formed on January 1, 1845; it was named for George M. Dallas, 11th Vice President of the United States.
Jan-Gunnar Winther
Jan-Gunnar Winther (born 21 June 1962) is director for the Centre for the Ocean and the Arctic at UiT The Arctic University of Norway and Specialist Director at the Norwegian Polar Institute located in Tromsø. He served as Director of the Norwegian Polar Institute (2005-2017) and as pro-rector for research and development at UiT (2023-2025).

Norwegian Polar Institute
The Norwegian Polar Institute (NPI; Norwegian: Norsk Polarinstitutt) is Norway's central governmental institution for scientific research, mapping and environmental monitoring in the Arctic and the Antarctic. The NPI is a directorate under Norway's Ministry of Climate and Environment. The institute advises Norwegian authorities on matters concerning polar environmental management and is the official environmental management body for Norwegian activities in Antarctica.
2003 SANFL Grand Final
The 2003 South Australian National Football League (SANFL) Grand Final saw the Central District Bulldogs defeat West Adelaide by 34 points to claim the club's third premiership victory.

The match was played on Sunday 5 October 2003 at Football Park in front of a crowd of 28,199.

Coin Toss was performed by Mark Ricciuto,from Adelaide Football Club, joint winner of the 2003 Brownlow Medal and was won by West Adelaide.

The Jack Oatey Medal for the best player on the ground was won by Central's Chris Gowans.

Football Park
Football Park (known under naming rights as AAMI Stadium) was an Australian rules football stadium located in the Adelaide suburb of West Lakes.

Football Park opened in 1974 and was built to provide a playing and administrative home for the South Australian National Football League (SANFL), the leading football organisation in South Australia. The league's finals and grand finals were held at the stadium for nearly 40 years. From 1991 to 2013 the stadium was the home ground of the Adelaide and Port Adelaide football clubs, the state's two Australian Football League (AFL) clubs. After the Adelaide Oval was redeveloped, AFL and SANFL matches moved to the newly redeveloped oval and the stadium grandstands were gradually demolished.

Despite the demolition of the stadium grandstands in 2019, the playing surface was retained. The surface is used by the Adelaide Football Club and SANFL, and is also accessible to the public.
François Fourquet
François Fourquet (1940 – 17 February 2016) was a French economist, professor of economics at University of Paris VIII.

Fourquet studied at the Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris After an internship at La Borde clinic in 1965, he worked there as administrative secretary under Félix Guattari from 1966 to 1972. In 1972 he joined the Center for Institutional Study, Research, and Training (CERFI), and his first book The Historical Ideal appeared as issue 14 of the CERFI magazine, Recherches.

La Borde Clinic
The La Borde Clinic (French: [la bɔʁd];
French: Clinique de la Borde), also known as the Cour-Cheverny Clinic (Clinique de Cour-Cheverny), is a psychiatric clinic that opened in 1953 in the town of Cour-Cheverny in the Loire Valley of France. Still in operation as of August 2023, the La Borde Clinic is a model in institutional psychotherapy, with citizens actively participating in running it.
John Cronin (Massachusetts politician)
John J. Cronin is a lawyer, Massachusetts state Senator, and former American military officer. Before election to the Massachusetts Senate, Cronin attended the United States Military Academy and served two tours in Afghanistan as an Army infantry officer. Cronin was honorably discharged from active duty as a Captain in 2018.

Cronin currently serves as the Senate Chair of the Joint Committee on Consumer Protection, the Vice Chair of the Joint Committee on Healthcare Financing, and a member of the Senate Committee on Ways and Means. He currently represents the cities of Fitchburg, Leominster, and the towns of Lancaster, Lunenburg, Townsend, Ashby, Groton, Westford, Shirley, and Clinton in the Massachusetts Senate.

Lancaster, Massachusetts
Lancaster is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. Incorporated in 1653, Lancaster is the oldest town in Worcester County. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 8,441. It contains the village of South Lancaster.
Tsugaru Yukitsugu
Tsugaru Yukitsugu (津軽 順承, February 6, 1800 – March 2, 1865) was the 2nd daimyō of Kuroishi Domain, and later the 11th daimyō of Hirosaki Domain in northern Mutsu Province, Honshū, Japan (modern-day Aomori Prefecture). His courtesy title was Ōsumi-no-kami, and his Court rank was Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade.

Kokushi (official)
Kokushi (国司; also read Kuni no tsukasa) were provincial officials in Classical Japan. They were nobles sent from the central government in Kyoto to oversee a province, a system that was established as part of the Taika Reform in 645, and enacted by the Ritsuryō system. There were four classes of kokushi, from the highest to the lowest: Kami (守), Suke (介), Jō (掾), and Sakan (目). In the Middle Ages, an acting governor called mokudai, the daikan of the kokushi, took over the local government of the province, while the kokushi returned to the capital to take on a supervising role.
USS Calhoun
USS Calhoun was a captured Confederate steamer and blockade runner acquired by the Union Navy from the prize court during the American Civil War.

Calhoun was put into service as a gunboat by the Union Navy to patrol navigable waterways of the Confederacy to prevent the South from trading with other countries.

Prize court
A prize court is a court (or even a single individual, such as an ambassador or consul) authorized to consider whether prizes have been lawfully captured, typically whether a ship has been lawfully captured or seized in time of war or under the terms of the seizing ship's letters of marque and reprisal.  A prize court may order the sale or destruction of the seized ship, and the distribution of any proceeds to the captain and crew of the seizing ship.  A prize court may also order the return of a seized ship to its owners if the seizure was unlawful, such as if seized from a country which had proclaimed its neutrality.
1962 Porirua mayoral election
The 1962 Porirua mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. The elections were held for the role of Mayor of Porirua plus other local government positions including ten borough councillors, also elected triennially. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.

Mayor of Porirua
The mayor of Porirua is the head of the municipal government of Porirua, New Zealand, and presides over the Porirua City Council. The mayor is directly elected using the single transferable vote electoral system. There have been six mayors since the establishment of the borough council in 1962: the current mayor is Anita Baker, who was elected in October 2019.
Ciprian Paraschiv
Ciprian-Constantin Paraschiv (born 14 November 1974) is a Romanian university professor, footballer and politician who from 2014 to 2020 served as a board member of the Romanian Football Federation. In 2024, he was elected a member of the Chamber of Deputies for the Alliance for the Union of Romanians.

Romanian Football Federation
The Romanian Football Federation (Romanian: Federația Română de Fotbal; FRF) is the governing body of football in Romania. They are headquartered in the capital city of Bucharest and affiliated with FIFA and UEFA since 1923 and 1955 respectively. The Federation organizes the men's national team and the women's national team, as well as most of the Romanian football competitions.
Phillpotts
Phillpotts is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adelaide Phillpotts (1896–1993), English novelist, poet and playwright

Ambrosine Phillpotts (1912–1980), British actress

Bertha Phillpotts (1877–1932), English scholar

Brian Surtees Phillpotts (1875–1917), officer of the Royal Engineers

Eden Phillpotts (1862–1960), English author, poet,

George Phillpotts (1814–1845), New Zealand naval officer

Henry Phillpotts (1778–1869), Anglican Bishop of Exeter from 1830 to 1869

James Surtees Phillpotts (1839–1930), author and editor, and headmaster of Bedford School

John Phillpotts (MP) (1775–1849), nineteenth-century English politician

Laurent Phillpotts (1922–2016), joined the RAF in 1943

Louis Murray Phillpotts (1870–1916), senior British Army officer

William Phillpotts (1807–1888), Archdeacon of Cornwall

Laurent Phillpotts
Laurent Lloyd Phillpotts (30 August 1922 – 11 January 2016) joined the RAF in 1943 after an appeal by King George VI.

He helped set up The West Indian Association of Service Personnel, formerly named The West Indian ex-Servicemen's Association.

In 1956, Laurent Phillpotts launched the first black weekly newspaper Colonial News.

He campaigned for the erection of the Memorial Gates in London, commemorating British forces' black Commonwealth servicemen and women from two World Wars.

With others he pioneered the Association of Jamaicans, the Caribbean Centre and the West Indian Carib Cricket Club.
Andreea Prisăcariu
Andreea Prisăcariu (born 9 February 2000) is a Romanian professional tennis player.

Prisăcariu has career-high WTA rankings of 304 in singles and 200 in doubles. She has won six singles titles and 10 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.

Prisăcariu won her biggest title at the 2021 Open Catalunya, in the doubles event partnering Valentina Ivakhnenko.

She made her WTA Tour main-draw debut as a wildcard entrant at the 2021 Transylvania Open, losing to Lesia Tsurenko in the first round.

Valentina Ivakhnenko
Valentina Yuryevna Ivakhnenko (Russian: Валентина Юрьевна Ивахненко, Ukrainian: Валентина Юріївна Івахненко; born 27 June 1993) is a Russian former professional tennis player.

On 30 July 2018, she reached her highest singles ranking of world No. 167, whilst her best doubles ranking by the WTA was 104 on 28 November 2016.

In September 2014, six months after Crimea was occupied and subsequently annexed by the Russian Federation, Ukrainian-born Ivakhnenko became a naturalized citizen of Russia. She retired from ITF Circuit in 2022.
Inārs Kivlenieks
Inārs Kivlenieks (born 4 July 1986 in Riga) is a Latvian luger who has competed since 2005. His best Luge World Cup season finish was 20th in men's doubles in 2006–07.

Kivlenieks' best finish at the FIL World Luge Championships was 28th in men's singles at Oberhof in 2008. His best finish at the FIL European Luge Championships was 13th in men's singles at Cesana Pariol in 2008.

Kivilenieks competed for Latvia at the 2010 Winter Olympics, where he finished 18th in the men's singles event. In the same event in 2014 he placed 16th and in 2018 he placed 20th.

FIL European Luge Championships 2008
The FIL European Luge Championships 2008 took place January 7-13, 2008 at the Cesana Pariol track in Cesana, Italy. The relay competition took the place of the team event that had been held at every European championship since 1988. This event had all teams start at the same part of the track (located at the women's singles/ men's doubles start house), then run down to the finish and tap on a relay marker to exchange from one slider on a team to the next (men's doubles to women's singles to men's singles) with the fastest time winning.
Luke Beauchamp
Luke Beauchamp (born 8 October 1992) is an Australian professional rugby union player. He currently plays for the Austin Gilgronis. He played as a flanker for the Chicago Hounds in Major League Rugby (MLR) previously playing for the Houston SaberCats. He also played for Brisbane City in the National Rugby Championship.

Major League Rugby
Major League Rugby (MLR) is a professional rugby union competition in the United States. The league comprises 6 teams. While operating outside of the governance and oversight of the national governing body, the league is officially sanctioned by USA Rugby—a member union of Rugby Americas North (RAN)—and is consequently part of World Rugby.

MLR was founded in 2017 and is headquartered in Dallas, Texas. The league began its first season in 2018 with seven teams. MLR has since expanded, reaching an all-time high of thirteen teams in the 2022 season, including one team in Canada. Twelve teams competed in the 2024 season.

In 2020, Major League Rugby implemented its first collegiate MLR Draft in 2020 and its teams began forming youth academies.
Ambarawa Railway Museum
The Ambarawa Railway Museum (Indonesian: Museum Kereta Api Ambarawa, officially named Indonesian Railway Museum by the Indonesian Railway Company) is a museum located in Ambarawa in Central Java, Indonesia. The museum preserves around 21 steam locomotives and focuses on tourism train tours hauled by 3 operational steam engines (both are rack locomotives and a 4-4-0 two-cylinder compound steam engine) and a hydraulic diesel engine, using the remains of the closing of the 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) railway line.

Compound steam engine
A compound steam engine unit is a type of steam engine where steam is expanded in two or more stages.
A typical arrangement for a compound engine is that the steam is first expanded in a high-pressure (HP) cylinder, then having given up heat and losing pressure, it exhausts directly into one or more larger-volume low-pressure (LP) cylinders. Multiple-expansion engines employ additional cylinders, of progressively lower pressure, to extract further energy from the steam.

Invented in 1781, this technique was first employed on a Cornish beam engine in 1804. Around 1850, compound engines were first introduced into Lancashire textile mills.
Dan O'Brien Sr.
Daniel Francis O'Brien Sr. (March 26, 1929 – January 16, 2017) was an American professional baseball executive who served as the general manager of the Texas Rangers, Seattle Mariners and California Angels of Major League Baseball (MLB).

General manager (baseball)
In Major League Baseball, the general manager (GM) of a team typically controls player transactions and bears the primary responsibility on behalf of the ballclub during contract discussions with players.
RuBisCO
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, commonly known by the abbreviations RuBisCo, rubisco, RuBPCase, or RuBPco, is an enzyme (EC 4.1.1.39) involved in the light-independent (or "dark") part of photosynthesis, including the carbon fixation by which atmospheric carbon dioxide is converted by plants and other photosynthetic organisms to energy-rich molecules such as glucose. It emerged approximately four billion years ago in primordial metabolism prior to the presence of oxygen on Earth.  It is probably the most abundant enzyme on Earth. In chemical terms, it catalyzes the carboxylation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (also known as RuBP).

Enol
In organic chemistry, enols are a type of functional group or intermediate in organic chemistry. Formally, enols are derivatives of vinyl alcohol, with a C=C−OH connectivity.  The term enol is an abbreviation of alkenol, a portmanteau deriving from "-ene"/"alkene" and "-ol"/"alcohol".

Keto–enol tautomerism refers to a chemical equilibrium between a "keto" form (a carbonyl, named for the common ketone case) and an enol. The tautomeric interconversion involves hydrogen atom movement and the reorganisation of bonding electrons.

Many kinds of enols are known, but very few are stable compounds.  However, deprotonation of organic carbonyls gives enolate anions, which are important in organic reaction strategies as a strong nucleophile.
The Approach to a Fair
The Approach to a Fair (French:  Les abords d'une foire) is a 1774 landscape painting by the French artist Claude-Joseph Vernet. It depicts a view on the Rhône near the town of Beaucaire in southern France during its fair.

It was one of a pair of pictures commissioned from Vernet by the Controller-General of Finances Joseph Marie Terray along with its pendant Constructing a Main Road. Both paintings were exhibited at the Salon of 1775 at the Louvre in Paris. Today the painting is in the collection of the Musée Fabre in Montpellier, having been acquired in 1837.

Commission (art)
In art, a commission is the act of requesting the creation of a piece, often on behalf of another. Artwork may be commissioned by private individuals, by the government, or businesses. Commissions often resemble endorsement or sponsorship.

In classical music, ensembles often commission pieces from composers, where the ensemble secures the composer's payment from private or public organizations or donors.
Cordia Tsoi
Ye Tso is a Hong Kong former short track speed skater who competed for Hong Kong at the 2002 Winter Olympics. Along with teammate Christy Ren, they became the first athletes to represent Hong Kong at the Winter Olympics.

Tso was born in Canada, but grew up in Hong Kong and attended Canadian International School. She competed in Kung Fu (Hong Kong National Team in Wushu 1999–2002) and Triathlon before embarking on a career in speedskating.

Tso is fluent in English, Cantonese, Mandarin and French.

Short-track speed skating
Short-track speed skating is a form of competitive ice speed skating. In competitions, multiple skaters (typically between four and six) skate on an oval ice track with a length of 111.12 metres (364.57 ft). The rink itself is 60 metres (196.85 ft) long by 30 metres (98.43 ft) wide, which is the same size as an Olympic-sized figure skating rink and an international-sized ice hockey rink. Related sports include long-track speed skating and inline speed skating.
Kalyanpur, Maharashtra
Kalyanpur is a small village in Chandgad taluka and in tehsil Gadhinglaj subdivision of Kolhapur district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It has a population of about 300.

Kalyanpur is 30 km from Chandgad and 30 km from Belgaum City. Kovad is 4 km
away. People are heavily reliant on Belgaum and Gadhinglaj cities for their day-to-day needs.

Belgaum is the nearest railhead.

Belgaum
Belgaum (Kannada ISO: Beḷagāvi, IPA: [beɭɐɡaːʋi]; Marathi ISO: Bēḻagāṃva, IPA: [beɭɡaːũ]), officially known as Belagavi (also Belgaon), is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka located near its northern western border in the Western Ghats. It is the administrative headquarters of the eponymous Belagavi division and Belagavi district. The Government of Karnataka has proposed making Belgaum the second capital of Karnataka alongside Bangalore, hence a second state administrative building Suvarna Vidhana Soudha was inaugurated on 11 October 2012.

Belgaum has been selected in first phase out of 20 cities, as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under India's flagship Smart Cities Mission.
2022–23 Maltese Challenge League
The 2022–23 Maltese Challenge League (referred to as the BOV Challenge League for sponsorship reasons) is the second-level league football in Malta. It is the third season that the competition has been running in its present form.

Bank of Valletta
Bank of Valletta plc (BOV) is a Maltese bank and financial services company headquartered in Santa Venera. It is the oldest established financial services provider in Malta and one of the largest. As of 2014, the bank had 44 branches, 6 regional business centres, a head office, and a wealth management arm located around the Maltese Islands. It has representative offices in the United Kingdom, Australia, Belgium and Italy.

BOV has been designated as a Significant Institution since the entry into force of European Banking Supervision in late 2014, and as a consequence is directly supervised by the European Central Bank.
Simple Green
Simple Green is an American brand of cleaning products produced by Sunshine Makers, Inc. Their best known product is Simple Green All-Purpose Cleaner, which totaled sales of at least US $5.7 million in 2004.

It is advertised as an environmentally friendly, non-toxic, and biodegradable cleaner. A prior formulation received critical attention from environmental safety activists because of the toxicity concerns of 2-butoxyethanol (EGBE), which was in the formula at under 4%. As of 2013, 2-butoxyethanol has been removed from Simple Green all-purpose cleaner, so now it has an NFPA/HMIS rating of 0/minimal for Health, Fire, Reactivity, and Special. Its main competitors are Lysol, Clorox, and Windex.

Hazardous Materials Identification System
The Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS) is a proprietary numerical hazard rating that incorporates the use of labels with color bars developed by the American Coatings Association as a compliance aid for the OSHA Hazard Communication (HazCom) Standard. The name and abbreviation is a trademark of the American Coatings Association.
Geological Survey of Pakistan
Geological Survey of Pakistan (GSP) is an independent executive scientific agency to explore the natural resources of Pakistan. Main tasks GSP perform are Geological, Geophysical and Geo-chemical Mapping of Pakistan. Target of these mapping are resources exploration, Geo-Engineering assessment, Geo-hazard prediction/prevention and addressing environmental issue.

Apart from studying geology, it has various major science disciplines, concerning biology, engineering, hydrology, chemistry and physics.  Due to its reputation and studies on fact-finding research, it has undertaken various efforts and studies on mineral exploration.

Headquartered in Quetta and other regional offices in all over the country, and as of current, Dr Sajjad Ahmed is the current and designated director-general of the Geological Survey of Pakistan.

Attabad Lake
Attabad Lake (Urdu: عطا آباد جھیل), also known as Hunza Lake, is a lake located in the Gojal region of the Pakistani-administered Gilgit-Baltistan. It was formed in January 2010 when a significant landslide impounded the water in the Hunza River in Attabad village. The lake offers a diverse range of activities, from boating, jet-skiing, and fishing to various winter sports, attracting attention year-round.