hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Patola Shahis
The Patola Shahis, or Palola Shahis, also Gilgit Shahis, were a dynasty of Buddhist kings of the Kingdom of Gilgit ("Lesser Bolü"), located in the northern tip of the Indian subcontinent in the 6th-8th century CE. The Kingdom was located on a strategic trans-Himalayan trade route, now known as the Karakoram Highway, which branched off the Grand Trunk Road. It followed the important stops of Shatial and Chilas.

Chilas
Chilas (Urdu: چلاس) is a city in Pakistan-administered territory of Gilgit-Baltistan in the disputed Kashmir region. It is the headquarters of Diamer District and the divisional capital of Diamer Division.

Chilas is located on the left bank of Indus River. The weather is hot and dry in the summer and cold and dry in the winter. It can be reached by the Karakoram Highway and also through the Kaghan valley via the Babusar Pass. The Fairy Meadows National Park and Nanga Parbat, the ninth highest peak in the world, are also located nearby it. Karakoram International University has a sub-campus in Chilas.
China at the 2018 Asian Games
The People's Republic of China competed at the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta and Palembang, Indonesia, from 18 August to 2 September 2018. China won 289 medals (132 gold, 92 silver and 65 bronze), leading the medal count for the tenth time in Asian Games history.

With Hangzhou hosting the 2022 Asian Games, a Chinese segment was performed at the closing ceremony.

2022 Asian Games
The 2022 Asian Games (2022年亚洲运动会), officially the 19th Asian Games (第十九届亚洲运动会) and also known as Hangzhou 2022 (杭州2022), were a continental multi-sport event which was held from 23 September to 8 October 2023 in Hangzhou, China. The games marked the 110th anniversary since the creation of the first continental event, starting with the 1913 Far Eastern Championship Games.

Originally scheduled to take place from 10 to 25 September 2022, on 6 May 2022 the Games were postponed to 2023 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The new dates were announced on 19 July 2022, with the Games remaining branded as Hangzhou 2022. Hangzhou was the third Chinese city to host the Asian Games, after Beijing in 1990 and Guangzhou in 2010.
Tough (Craig Morgan song)
"Tough" is a song written by Joe Leathers and Monty Criswell, and recorded by American country music artist Craig Morgan.   It was released in March 2007 as the second single from Morgan's album Little Bit of Life. The song peaked at number 11 on the US Billboard Hot Country Songs chart and at 76 on the Billboard Hot 100.

Little Bit of Life
Little Bit of Life is the fourth studio album by American country music artist Craig Morgan. It was released on October 31, 2006 by Broken Bow Records. The album produced three singles for him on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. The title track and lead single from the album reached a peak of No. 7, while "Tough", its follow-up, peaked at No. 11. The third and final single, "International Harvester", reached No. 10. The album was certified Gold in February 2017.
Nashton, British Columbia
Nashton is a ghost town in the West Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia. The location is about 8 kilometres (5 mi) west of Kaslo on Highway 31A, at the confluence of Keen Creek and the Kaslo River. Prior names were Nashville, South Fork and Zwicky.

Kaslo
Kaslo is a village on the west shore of Kootenay Lake in the West Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia. A member municipality of the Central Kootenay Regional District, the name derives from the adjacent Kaslo River.

Before the arrival of Europeans, the area was home to the semi-nomadic Kutenai (Ktunaxa) and Lakes (Sinixt) tribes. Settlers came and used it as a sawmill site in 1889, but Kaslo soon expanded as a result of the silver boom of the late 19th century. It retains much of the historic atmosphere from its earlier mining days. The economy of Kaslo is now based mainly on the forestry and tourism industries.
Haplochromis pappenheimi
Haplochromis pappenheimi is a species of cichlid found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda where it occurs in Lake Edward, Lake George and the Kazinga Channel.  This species can reach a length of 6.1 centimetres (2.4 in) SL. The specific name honours the curator of fishes at the Royal Museum, Berlin Paul Pappenheim (1878-1945), who was the co-author of the paper in which this species was described.

Paul Pappenheim
Eugen Julius Adolf Paul Pappenheim (20 September 1878 — 12 May 1945) was a German zoologist and, from 1 July 1926 to 9 November 1938, the second director of the Zoological Museum Berlin (today the Museum für Naturkunde). He also served as curator of the museum’s Ichthyological Department.
Cadac Electronics
Cadac Holdings Limited are a manufacturer of sound mixing consoles for live music productions, theatres, recording and broadcast. Cadac desks presently are best known for their use in large-scale musicals such as Phantom of the Opera (from 1984 till 2008), The Lion King, Mamma Mia! and We Will Rock You but historically from the late 1960s to the mid-1980s were installed in famous recording studios around the world including Lansdowne Studios, Manor Studios, Wessex Studios, Scorpio Studios and George Harrison's Friar Park Studio. Clive Green retired in 2001. In early 2009 the assets and IP of the company were purchased by Xianggui Wang of the Soundking group, China.

The Manor Studio
The Manor Studio (a.k.a. the Manor) was a recording studio in the outbuildings of the manor house in the village of Shipton-on-Cherwell in Oxfordshire, England, north of the city of Oxford. Established in 1971 by Virgin Records founder Richard Branson, the Manor was the second residential recording studio in the United Kingdom, the first being Rockfield Studios in Monmouthshire, Wales, established in 1964. The studio served as the location for numerous notable recordings in the 1970s and 80s by artists including Mike Oldfield, Tangerine Dream, Public Image Ltd, and XTC.
Irv Koons
Irvin Louis Koons (March 14, 1922 – September 10, 2017) was an American graphic artist, industrial designer, and illustrator who became one of the leading consumer package designers of the 20th century. In 1949, he founded Irv Koons Associates, Inc., an industrial design firm particularly noted for the package design of consumer goods.

Final good
A final good or consumer good is a final product ready for sale that is used by the consumer to satisfy current wants or needs, unlike an intermediate good, which is used to produce other goods. A microwave oven or a bicycle is a final good.

When used in measures of national income and output, the term "final goods" includes only new goods. For example, gross domestic product (GDP) excludes items counted in an earlier year to prevent double counting based on resale of items. In that context, the economic definition of goods also includes what are commonly known as services.

Manufactured goods refer to products that have undergone processing or assembly, distinguishing them from raw materials.
St. Margaret's Church, Oslo
St. Margaret's Church (Norwegian: Margaretakirken) was a medieval stone church located on the outskirts of Oslo, Norway.

The church was built in the 13th century, and is now a ruin. The church is named after Margaret of Antioch. It was located in Maridalen, close to the northern end of lake Maridalsvannet.  Architect and archaeologist Gerhard Fischer led the restoration in 1934.  Today it is the best preserved medieval building in Oslo next to the Old Aker Church.

Old Aker Church
Old Aker Church (Norwegian: Gamle Aker kirke) is a medieval era church located in Oslo, Norway. An active parish, the church is  the oldest existing building in Oslo. The church is surrounded by Old Aker Cemetery.
Paris Marx
Paris Marx is a Canadian technology journalist, author, podcaster, and critic. Marx is the author of Road to Nowhere: What Silicon Valley Gets Wrong about the Future of Transportation (Verso Books) and hosts the tech industry–critical podcast Tech Won't Save Us.

Technology company
A technology company (or tech company) is a company that focuses primarily on the manufacturing, support, research and development of—most commonly computing, telecommunication and consumer electronics–based—technology-intensive products and services, which include businesses relating to digital electronics, software, optics, new energy, and Internet-related services such as cloud storage and e-commerce services. Big Tech refers to the 6 largest companies, both in the United States and globally, symbolized by the metonym 'Silicon Valley', where 4 of them are based.
2016–17 Ranji Trophy Group A
The 2016–17 Ranji Trophy was the 83rd season of the Ranji Trophy, the first-class cricket tournament in India. It was contested by 28 teams divided into three groups. Groups A and B comprised nine teams, and Group C comprised ten teams. Mumbai finished top of Group A, qualifying for the knockout stage of the tournament, along with Gujarat and Tamil Nadu.

Gujarat cricket team
The Gujarat cricket team is one of the three first-class cricket teams based in the Indian state of Gujarat (the other two being the Baroda cricket team and the Saurashtra cricket team).

Led by Parthiv Patel, Gujarat won their maiden Ranji Trophy title in the 2016–17 season, beating Mumbai in the final at Indore. In that match they made the highest successful run-chase in the final of the Ranji Trophy.

It is in the Elite Group of the Ranji Trophy although it has had very little success. There have, however, been many cricketers that have passed through its ranks and gone on to play for the Indian cricket team. It falls under the West Zone in the Duleep Trophy.
Rybárik
Rybárik (feminine: Rybáriková) is a Slovak surname. It may be derived from the occupation/surname Rybár literally meaning "fisher" or "fisherman". The word may also literally mean "kingfisher". Notable people with this surname include:

Jakub Rybárik (born 1986), Slovak actor

Magdaléna Rybáriková (born 1988), Slovak tennis player

Jakub Rybárik
Jakub Rybárik (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈjakup ˈribaːrik]; born 17 April 1986 in Bratislava) is a Slovak actor. He studied acting at the Academy of Performing Arts in Bratislava from 2004 to 2008 under the direction of Emil Horváth and Peter Mikulik. He is one of the representatives of the current young generation of Slovak actors.
Densborn
Densborn is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Gerolstein, whose seat is in the like-named town.

Gerolstein (Verbandsgemeinde)
Gerolstein is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district Vulkaneifel, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The seat of the Verbandsgemeinde is in Gerolstein. On 1 January 2019 it was expanded with the municipalities of the former Verbandsgemeinden Hillesheim and Obere Kyll.

The Verbandsgemeinde Gerolstein consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):
Nothing (opera)
Nothing is a two-act opera by the British composer David Bruce to a libretto by Glyn Maxwell, based on the award-winning novel of the same name by Janne Teller.

The opera was co-commissioned by the Royal Opera House, London, and Glyndebourne. The original production, directed by Bijan Sheibani, premiered at Glyndebourne in February 2016, featuring Glyndebourne Youth Opera and Southbank Sinfonia. The performances were conducted by Sian Edwards.

Janne Teller
Janne Teller (born 8 April 1964 in Copenhagen) is a Danish writer of Austrian–German descent, who lives in New York and Berlin.

Before she became a full-time writer she used to work as a conflict advisor for EU and UNO, mostly in Africa.
1955–56 Liga Gimel
The 1955–56 Liga Gimel season saw 72 clubs competing in 10 regional divisions for promotion to Liga Bet. This was the first season of fourth tier football in Israel, following the formation of Liga Leumit as the top division.

Hapoel Saded, Hapoel Kfar Ata, Hapoel Tiberias, Hapoel Zikhron Ya'akov, Hapoel Givat Haim, Hapoel Lod, Hapoel Holon, Hapoel Jaffa, Hapoel Ramla and Hapoel Be'er Sheva won their regional divisions and qualified for the Promotion play-offs.

At the Promotion play-offs, Hapoel Kfar Ata and Hapoel Tiberias were promoted to Liga Bet from the North play-offs, whilst Hapoel Ramla and Hapoel Be'er Sheva were promoted to Liga Bet from the South play-offs.

1956–57 Liga Bet
The 1956–57 Liga Bet season saw Hapoel Balfouria and Shimshon Tel Aviv promoted to Liga Alef as the respective winners of the north and south divisions. They were joined by Maccabi Hadera and Bnei Yehuda, who finished second in each of their respective divisions.
Marc Sylvan
Marc Sylvan is an English composer and sound designer.

His television credits include The Masked Singer, The Million Pound Drop, Pointless, Total Wipeout, Tipping Point, Catchphrase, All Together Now, Cannonball, Family Fortunes, Alesha's Street Dance Stars, The Bank Job, Golden Balls, 101 Ways to Leave a Gameshow, Divided, and Richard Osman's House of Games.

His work on the sci-fi short ‘Embryo’ won ‘Best Sound Design’ at Vision Festival in 2005, which led to collaborations with Beavis & Butthead animator James Dean Conklin and Shrek animator Lee Lanier.

Sylvan has often worked with award-winning video game composer Richard Jacques on game releases including Sonic & Sega All-Stars Racing, The Club and Virtua Tennis. Other collaborations include working with former The Rakes guitarist Matthew Swinnerton under the name 'Buro'.

Sylvan is published by Faber Music and is also a director and on the media executive of The Ivors Academy.

Virtua Tennis 2009
Virtua Tennis 2009, known in Japan as Power Smash: Live Match! (PowerSmash ライブマッチ！, Pawā Sumasshu Raibu Matchi!), is a 2009 video game developed by Sumo Digital and published by Sega. It is part of the Virtua Tennis series, following Virtua Tennis 3.
1978 Upper Voltan presidential election
Presidential elections were held in the Republic of Upper Volta on 14 May 1978, with a second round on 28 May after no candidate won more than 50% in the first round. They were the country's first multi-party presidential elections, the previous elections in 1965 having Maurice Yaméogo as the sole candidate. They were also the first presidential elections held under a revised Constitution adopted a year earlier.

Incumbent president Sangoulé Lamizana ran as an independent with the support of the Voltaic Democratic Union–African Democratic Rally. Lamizana was the leading candidate in the first round, before winning with 56% of the vote in the second round. Voter turnout was 35% in the first round and 44% in the second.

1977 Upper Voltan constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in the Republic of Upper Volta on 27 November 1977. It followed the 1974 military coup, and would restore multi-party democracy. The new constitution retained the presidential system of government, and limited the number of political parties to three (the three with the highest number of votes in the forthcoming parliamentary elections would keep their status and other parties disbanded). It was approved by 98.70% of voters with a 71.6% turnout.
Yukiharu Yoshitaka
Yukiharu Yoshitaka (吉鷹 幸春, Yoshitaka Yukiharu; born 1964) is a Japanese judoka.

He was born in Ōkawa, Kagawa.

He won a gold medal at the -71 kg category of the Universiade in 1985 and Paris Super World Cup in 1986.

After graduating from Tsukuba University in 1991, he belonged to Tsukuba-Keikaku. In 1995, he took office as the coach of the judo club at Toin University of Yokohama.

University of Tsukuba
The University of Tsukuba (筑波大学, Tsukuba daigaku) is a national research university located in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.

The university has 28 college clusters and schools with around 16,500 students (as of 2014). The main Tsukuba campus covers an area of 258 hectares (636 acres), making it the second largest single campus in Japan.

The university has a branch campus in Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, offering graduate programs for working adults in the capital and managing K-12 schools in Tokyo that are attached to the university.

Three Nobel Prize laurates have taught at the university, Leo Esaki, Hideki Shirakawa and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga. Apart from them, Satoshi Ōmura studied as an audit student.
Polanyi potential theory
In physical chemistry, the Polanyi potential theory, also called Polanyi's potential theory of adsorption or Eucken–Polanyi potential theory, is a model of adsorption proposed independently by Michael Polanyi and Arnold Eucken. Under this model, adsorption can be measured through the equilibrium between the chemical potential of a gas near the surface and the chemical potential of the gas from a large distance away.

In this model, the attraction largely due to Van der Waals forces of the gas to the surface is determined by the position of the gas particle from the surface, and that the gas behaves as an ideal gas until condensation where the gas exceeds its equilibrium vapor pressure. While the adsorption theory of William Henry is more applicable in low pressure and the adsorption isotherm equation from Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) theory is more useful at from 0.05 to 0.35 P/P0, the Polanyi potential theory has much more application at higher P/P0 (≈ 0.1–0.8).

Condensation
Condensation is    the change of the state of matter from the gas phase into the liquid phase, and is the reverse of vaporization. The word most often refers to the water cycle. It can also be defined as the change in the state of water vapor to liquid water when in contact with a liquid or solid surface or cloud condensation nuclei within the atmosphere. When the transition happens from the gaseous phase into the solid phase directly, the change is called deposition. Condensation is usually associated with water.
Castle of Freixo de Numão
The Castle of Freixo de Numão (Portuguese: Castelo de Freixo de Numão) is a Portuguese calcolithic and bronze age walled enclosure in civil parish of Freixo de Numão, in the municipality of Vila Nova de Foz Côa, in the district of Guarda.

Vila Nova de Foz Côa
Vila Nova de Foz Côa (European Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈvilɐ ˈnɔvɐ ðɨ ˈfɔʃ ˈkoɐ] ⓘ) is a city and a municipality at the confluence of the rivers Douro and Côa in the district of Guarda, Portugal. The municipality covers an area of 398.15 square kilometres (153.73 sq mi) and it hosted a population of 6,304 people in 2021, while around 3,300 people lived in the city.

The municipality includes part of the Côa Valley Archaeological site, declared by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site and is a part of the Douro wine region.
Pravina Mehta
Pravina Mehta (1923–1992 or 1925–1988) of Mumbai was a leading Indian architect, planner and also a political activist. During the Indian independence movement, she was inspired by Sarojini Naidu, a freedom fighter and participated in the street protests against the British Raj before she started her study of architecture at the Sir J. J. College of Architecture. She was involved in the conceptualization and proposal of the New Bombay plan in 1964 in collaboration with Charles Correa and Shirish Patel, which involved extension of the island city located to the east on the mainland. This plan was published in MARG, a Bombay journal of art and architecture. She, along with Minnette De Silva and Yasmeen Lari, was also actively involved in upliftment of people living in slums and in the rehabilitation of earthquake-affected people by developing low-cost housing, combined with environmental aspects and urban planning.

Minnette de Silva
Minnette de Silva (Sinhala: මිනට් ද සිල්වා;Tamil: மினிட் டி சில்வா; 1 February 1918 – 24 November 1998) was an internationally recognised Sri Lankan architect, considered the pioneer of the modern architectural style in Sri Lanka. De Silva was a fellow of the Sri Lanka Institute of Architects (SLIA),

De Silva was the first Sri Lankan woman to be trained as an architect and the first Asian woman to be elected an associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) in 1948. She was also the first Asian representative of Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne (CIAM) in 1947 and was one of the founding members of the architectural publication Marg. She was awarded the SLIA Gold Medal for her contribution to architecture, in particular her pioneering work developing a "regional modernism for the tropics".
Samuel Shapiro (Illinois politician)
Samuel Harvey Shapiro (born Israel Shapiro; April 25, 1907 – March 16, 1987) was an American politician, the 34th governor of Illinois, serving from 1968 to 1969.  He was a member of the Democratic Party.

Governor of Illinois
The governor of Illinois is the head of government of Illinois, and the various agencies and departments over which the officer has jurisdiction, as prescribed in the state constitution.  It is a directly elected position, votes being cast by popular suffrage of residents of the state. The governor is responsible for endorsing or vetoing laws passed by the Illinois General Assembly. The office also carries the power of pardon and commutation under state law. The governor is commander-in-chief of the state's land, air and sea forces when they are in state service. Illinois is one of 13 states that does not place a term limit for governor.

The 43rd and current governor is JB Pritzker, a Democrat who took office on January 14, 2019. Pritzker was re-elected in 2022 by a 12% margin.
Samson Threatening His Father-In-Law
Samson Threatening His Father-In-Law is a 1635 oil-on-canvas painting by Rembrandt, now in the Gemäldegalerie, Berlin. It depicts the Biblical story of Samson, who has returned home after an absence to find that his father-in-law has given away Samson's Philistine wife to another man. Samson's reaction was to set fire to the crops in the Philistines' fields.

The painting's narrative subject is "virtually without precedent in Dutch art" according to art historian Gary Schwartz, who says that the painting may have been commissioned by Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, and that the bellicose subject may allude to a contemporary event: the fighting in Kleve between Spain and the Dutch Republic during the Eighty Years' War.

Kleve
Kleve (German pronunciation: [ˈkleːvə] ⓘ; traditional English: Cleves /kliːvz/ KLEEVZ; Dutch: Kleef [ˈkleːf] ⓘ; French: Clèves [klɛv]; Spanish: Cléveris; Latin: Clivia; Low Rhenish: Kleff) is a town in the Lower Rhine region of northwestern Germany near the Dutch border and the River Rhine. From the 11th century onwards, Cleves was capital of a county and later a duchy. Today, Cleves is the capital of the district of Kleve in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The city is home to one of the campuses of the Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences.