hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Information Technologies and International Development
Information Technologies & International Development (ITID) is an open access print and online peer-reviewed academic journal covering studies on communication and international development, published quarterly by the USC Annenberg Press (University of Southern California). The journal was established in 2003 and is indexed by EBSCOhost, ProQuest, Genamics Journal Seek, the International Development Informatics Association, and the International Network for Post Graduate Students in the Area of ICT4D (IPID).

ITID focuses on the study of the relationship between information and communication technologies and economic and social development, inviting submissions from engineers, social scientists, policy makers, development specialists, and scholars of diverse academic backgrounds. According to a recent study, ITID is ranked as the top journal for research impact in the Information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) field.

EBSCO Information Services
EBSCO Information Services, headquartered in Ipswich, Massachusetts, is a division of EBSCO Industries Inc., a private company headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama. EBSCO provides products and services to libraries of many types around the world. Its products include EBSCONET, a complete e-resource management system, and EBSCOhost, which supplies a fee-based online research service with 375 full-text databases, a collection of 600,000-plus ebooks, subject indexes, point-of-care medical references, and an array of historical digital archives. In 2010, EBSCO introduced its EBSCO Discovery Service (EDS) to institutions, which allows searches of a portfolio of journals and magazines.
Stenamma andersoni
Stenamma andersoni is a Neotropical species of ant in the subfamily Myrmicinae.

The species is known only from a single Berlese sample of sifted leaf litter, which was collected in a cloud forest at 990 m elevation in southern Mexico. Male and gynes are unknown. The two worker specimens, collected in 1987, are somewhat faded in color and were not usable for molecular phylogenetic work. With morphology alone, it is not clear to which species Stenamma andersoni is most closely related, but Branstetter (2013) hypothesizes that it is probably near Stenamma crypticum or Stenamma huachucanum.

Stenamma andersoni should be easy to separate from similar species by its smooth head and pronotum, unique pronotum shape, and thickened gastral setae.

Plant litter
Plant litter (also leaf litter, tree litter, soil litter, litterfall, or duff) is dead plant material (such as leaves, bark, needles, twigs, and cladodes) that has fallen to the ground. This detritus or dead organic material and its constituent nutrients are added to the top layer of soil, commonly known as the litter layer or O-horizon ("O" for "organic"). Litter is an important factor in ecosystem dynamics, as it is indicative of ecological productivity and may be useful in predicting regional nutrient cycling and soil fertility.
Cairns City Council Chambers
Cairns City Council Chambers is a heritage-listed former town hall and now council library at 151 Abbott Street, Cairns City, Cairns, Cairns Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Hill & Taylor and built from 1929 to 1930 by Alex McKenzie. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 5 October 1998. It is now home to the Cairns City Library.

Shire of Mulgrave (Queensland)
The Shire of Mulgrave was a local government area surrounding the City of Cairns in the Far North region of Queensland. The shire, administered from Cairns, covered an area of 1,718.3 square kilometres (663.4 sq mi); it existed as a local government entity from 1879 until 1995, when it was dissolved and amalgamated into the City of Cairns.
Pali Aru
The Pali Aru is a river in Northern Province, Sri Lanka. The river rises in northern Vavuniya District, near Puliyankulam, flowing north/northwest through Vavuniya District, Mullaitivu District and Mannar District. The river empties into Palk Bay. The southern section of the river is sometimes known as the Chamalankulam Aru.

Mannar District
Mannar District  (Tamil: மன்னார் மாவட்டம் Maṉṉār Māvaṭṭam; Sinhala: මන්නාරම දිස්ත්‍රික්කය) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka, the second level administrative division of the country. The district is administered by a District Secretariat headed by a District Secretary (previously known as a Government Agent) appointed by the central government of Sri Lanka. The capital of the district is Mannar, which is located on Mannar Island.
169th Fighter Wing
The 169th Fighter Wing is a unit of the South Carolina Air National Guard stationed at McEntire Joint National Guard Base in Columbia, South Carolina. The wing operates the F-16 Fighting Falcon and provides air defense for the southeastern United States. It maintains wartime readiness and supports worldwide Air Force deployments and missions.

35th Air Division
The 35th Air Division (35th AD) is an inactive United States Air Force organization.  Its last assignment was with Air Defense Command, assigned to First Air Force, at Hancock Field, New York.  It was inactivated on 19 November 1969.
Barren Mountain
Barren Mountain is a mountain standing approximately 1,437 metres (4,715 ft) AHD, situated as one of the highest points on the Dorrigo Plateau, that is part of the Great Dividing Range, located in the Northern Tablelands and New England regions of New South Wales, Australia.

The mountain is located within the New England National Park and is situated  7 kilometres (4.3 mi) east northeast of Majors Point Trigonometric Station and about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) north of the junction of Andersons and Cooks Creeks.

The nearest settlement, Dorrigo, is located 21.7 kilometres (13.5 mi) away to the east. The nearest sealed road is the Waterfall Way, located 3.3 kilometres (2.1 mi) to the north.

The area has given a name to a type of tree, Barren Mountain mallee (Eucalyptus approximans), which is abundant in the vicinity, however, has been assessed as a vulnerable and threatened species in the remainder of New South Wales.

Waterfall Way
Waterfall Way is a 170-kilometre (110 mi) country road in the Northern Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia, linking Raleigh on the state's North Coast to Armidale. The route passes through some of New South Wales' most scenic countryside and has become well known as its best and Australia's third most beautiful tourist drive. Seven national parks, of which three are listed as World Heritage Areas by UNESCO and form part of the Gondwana Rainforests of Australia (formerly the Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves), are located on or close to the route. Dorrigo National Park encompasses the waterfalls that give the route its name.

In addition to being a tourist route, the Waterfall Way is also an important link between coastal and inland New South Wales (specifically the population centres of Armidale and Coffs Harbour), and is therefore heavily trafficked.
Saurillus
Saurillus is an extinct genus of paramacellodid lizard from the Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous of Europe. It was first named by British palaeontologist Richard Owen in 1854 for a lower jaw found in the Purbeck Group of the Isle of Purbeck, but its only definitive specimen is now lost. Tentative material from the Alcobaça Formation of Portugal, including teeth and a jaw, has also been assigned. Numerous additional specimens have been referred to Saurillus, but all of this material has been removed to Pseudosaurillus. General similarities led Richard Estes to consider Saurillus a member of the extinct lizard family Paramacellodidae.

1854 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1854.
Ostrovnoye, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
Ostrovnoye (Russian: Островно́е; Chukot: Ыпаԓгын, Ypaḷgyn) is a rural locality (a selo) in Bilibinsky District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the banks of the Maly Anyuy River about 40 kilometers (25 mi) upstream from Anyuysk and about 179 kilometers (111 mi) from the administrative center of the district, Bilibino and 690 kilometers (430 mi) from Anadyr. Population: 379 (2010 est.), of which 317 were indigenous peoples. Population:  384 (2010 Census);  Municipally, Ostrovnoye is subordinated to Bilibinsky Municipal District and is incorporated as Ostrovnoye Rural Settlement.

Anadyr (town)
Anadyr (Russian: Ана́дырь, IPA: [ɐˈnadɨrʲ] ⓘ; Chukot: Кагыргын, romanized: Kagyrgyn, IPA: [kɑɣərˈɣən]; Southern Chukchi: Въэӈын, romanized: V"èňyn, Central Siberian Yupik: Ўиңа/Ўиңын, romanized: Winga/Wingen, IPA [ɣʷiŋən]) is a port town and the administrative center of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located at the mouth of the Anadyr River at the tip of a peninsula that protrudes into Anadyrsky Liman. It was previously known as Novo-Mariinsk (until 1923). Anadyr is the easternmost town in Russia; more easterly settlements, such as Provideniya and Uelen, do not have town status.
Ogródki
Ogródki [ɔˈɡrutki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Barciany, within Kętrzyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia.

Kętrzyn County
Kętrzyn County (Polish: powiat kętrzyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland, on the border with Russia. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Kętrzyn (former Rastembork), which lies 88 kilometres (55 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn. The county also contains the towns of Reszel, lying 16 km (10 mi) west of Kętrzyn, and Korsze, 19 km (12 mi) north-west of Kętrzyn.

The county covers an area of 1,212.97 square kilometres (468.3 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 66,165, out of which the population of Kętrzyn is 28,000, that of Reszel is 5,098, that of Korsze is 4,632, and the rural population is 28,435.
Supreme Defence Council (Bahrain)
The Supreme Defense Council (SDC) (Arabic:مجلس الدفاع الأعلى) is Bahrain's highest defense authority responsible for making highest level of decisions regarding defense and security. It consist of 14 members, all drawn from the Al Khalifa ruling family.

The council is headed by the King, who is also the Supreme Commander of Bahrain Defense Force (BDF) and includes: the Crown Prince (king's eldest son), the Prime Minister (king's uncle), the Royal Court Minister and ten senior officials from the Al Khalifa family such as the Commander-in-Chief of BDF, and the heads of certain government agencies, such as the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of Interior, Minister of Defence and Director of the National Security Agency (NSA).: 16

Meetings are usually held at Al-Sakhir Palace.

Al-Sakhir Palace
Al-Sakhir Palace (Arabic: قصر الصخير), also known as Sakhir Palace, is a palace in the Sakhir desert region of western Bahrain. The palace lies off the Zallaq Highway, northeast of the Bahrain International Circuit, the town of Zallaq and the University of Bahrain. It lies southwest of Sadad, Shahrakan and Dar Kulaib, the nearest town to the palace.
Ahtanum State Forest
Ahtanum State Forest is a working forest and recreation area located in Yakima County, Washington. It covers approximately 75,000 acres (30,000 hectares) and lies 30 miles (48 km) west of the city of Yakima. The forest borders the Yakama Indian Reservation to the south, and the name Ahtanum means “stream by long mountain” in the Yakama language.

Yakama
The Yakama are a Native American tribe with nearly 10,851 members, based primarily in eastern Washington state.

Yakama people today are enrolled in the federally recognized tribe, the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation. Their Yakama Indian Reservation, along the Yakima River, covers an area of approximately 1.2 million acres (5,260 km2). Today the nation is governed by the Yakama Tribal Council, which consists of representatives of 14 tribes.

Their right to fish in their former territory is protected by treaties and was re-affirmed in late 20th-century court cases such as United States v. Washington (known as the Boldt Decision, 1974) and United States v. Oregon (Sohappy v. Smith, 1969), though more than a century of U.S. industrial pollution has contaminated these waterways with dangerous levels of toxic chemicals. The Columbia Basin Initiative aims to improve salmon-fishing for the tribe.
Conop (river)
The Conop (Hungarian: Konop-patak) is a right tributary of the river Mureș in Romania. It discharges into the Mureș in the village Conop. Its length is 11 km (6.8 mi) and its basin size is 25 km2 (9.7 sq mi).

Conop
Conop (Hungarian: Konop) is a commune located in Arad County, Romania. Conop is situated at the southern foot of Zărand Mountains, in the Mureș River Couloir. The commune stretches over 5,466 ha (13,510 acres) and it is composed of five villages: Belotinț (Belotinc), Chelmac (Maroseperjes), Conop (situated 50 km from Arad), Milova (Milova), and Odvoș (Odvos).
Maungatautari
Maungatautari is a mountain near Cambridge in the Waikato region in New Zealand's central North Island. The 797-metre-high (2,615 ft) mountain is an extinct stratovolcano. It is a prominent peak and is visible across the Waipa District. The mountain is the site of Sanctuary Mountain Maungatautari a large  ecological sanctuary and restoration project.

Dacite
Dacite (/ˈdeɪsaɪt/) is a volcanic rock formed by rapid solidification of lava that is high in silica and low in alkali metal oxides. It has a fine-grained (aphanitic) to porphyritic texture and is intermediate in composition between andesite and rhyolite. It is composed predominantly of plagioclase feldspar and quartz.

Dacite is relatively common, occurring in many tectonic settings. It is associated with andesite and rhyolite as part of the subalkaline tholeiitic and calc-alkaline magma series.
Mad at the World (album)
Mad at the World is the debut studio album by the Christian rock band Mad at the World, released in 1987 by Frontline Records. The album incorporates a synthpop style, which was common in contemporary Christian music during the late 1980s.

Frontline Records
Frontline Records was a Christian rock record label, founded in 1986 by James Kempner in Santa Ana, California. The label focused primarily on modern rock, rap, dance-pop and hip-hop. The label closed in the early 1990s, and then resurfaced in 2010 to digitally re-release its music catalog (including related labels).
Pavlodar District
Pavlodar (Kazakh: Павлодар ауданы, Pavlodar audany) is a district of Pavlodar Region in northern Kazakhstan. The administrative center of the district is the city of Pavlodar. Population: 28,638 (2013 estimate); 28,855 (2009 census results); 32,302 (1999 census results).

Pavlodar
52°18′N 76°57′E﻿ / ﻿52.300°N 76.950°E﻿ / 52.300; 76.950

Pavlodar (/ˌpɑːvləˈdɑːr/; Kazakh: Павлодар [pɑvɫəˈdɑr] (listenⓘ); Russian: Павлодар [pəvɫɐˈdar]) is a city in northeastern Kazakhstan and the capital of Pavlodar Region. It is located 450 kilometres (280 mi) northeast of the national capital Astana and 405 kilometres (252 mi) southeast of the Russian city of Omsk along the Irtysh River. In 2010, the city had a population of 331,710. The population of Pavlodar is composed predominantly of ethnic Kazakhs and Russians, with significant Ukrainian, German, Tatar and North Caucasian minorities. The city is served by Pavlodar Airport.
2030 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that are currently scheduled to occur in 2030.  Please be aware that the actual dates on which these events occur may differ substantially from what is shown here.

Valley Metro Rail
Valley Metro Rail is a 38.5-mile (62 km) light rail system serving the Phoenix metropolitan area in Arizona, USA. The network, which is part of the Valley Metro public transit system, began operations on December 27, 2008. In 2025, the system had a ridership of 11,100,300, or about 35,300 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025.

In the years since it opened in 2008, the system has undergone six expansions (including the infill station at 50th Street/Washington and the Valley Metro Streetcar). An extension is underway into West Phoenix to the Desert Sky Mall, which was expanded due to obtaining funding under the Proposition 104 sales tax increase.
Grant Potter
Grant Potter is an American road bicycle racer, from Florida. Potter was the Gold medalist of the 2010 Worlds Masters Stage Race, 2009 U.S. Masters National Champion, 2010 UCI Worlds top 5 finisher, 2010 Deutschlandsberg Worlds TT winner among many other titles.

Grant is currently the team captain of the 2013 Team Graner-Stradalli.

Deutschlandsberg
Deutschlandsberg (German: [dɔʏtʃˈlantsbɛʁk] ⓘ; Slovene: Lonč) is a town in Deutschlandsberg district of Styria, Austria. It is located in southern Austria, near the border with Slovenia. It is approximately 35 km from Graz. Popular tourist attractions include the Deutschlandsberg Castle.
Rickaby
Rickaby is a toponymic surname of English origin referring to someone from the village of Rickerby, derived from the personal name Richard and the Old Norse element bȳ, meaning 'farmstead village'. Notable people with the surname include:

Fred Rickaby (1896–1941), English flat racing jockey

Joseph Rickaby (1845–1932), English Jesuit priest and philosopher

J. W. Rickaby (1870–1929), English comedian

Rosalind Rickaby (born 1974), English biogeochemistry professor

Stan Rickaby (1924–2014), English footballer

Rickerby
Rickerby is a village in the civil parish of Stanwix Rural, in the Cumberland district, in the county of Cumbria, England. It is situated near Carlisle, next to the River Eden. In 1870-72 the township had a population of 97. The property belonged to Richard de Tilliol of Scaleby Castle, whose descendant Adam de Rickerby lived in the village in about 1230. Rickerby Park is nearby.
Mlaka Antinska
Mlaka Antinska (Serbian Cyrillic: Млака Антинска, Hungarian: Tótfalu) is a small village in the municipality of Tordinci, Vukovar-Syrmia County, Croatia. Village is closely related with neighboring village of Antin. Mlaka Antinska is faced with the challenge of population decline caused by the post-Croatian War of Independence economic situation. Population decline intensified in the aftermath of the 2013 enlargement of the European Union with number of people emigrating to the United Kingdom, Ireland and Germany. Some local inhabitants compared the issue with the depopulation of the Great Plains in the United States. The settlement was originally a pustara, a Pannonian type of hamlet.

Puszta
The Hungarian puszta (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈpustɒ]) is a temperate grassland biome of the Great Hungarian Plain.: 66  It is an exclave of the Pannonian Steppe, and lies mainly around the River Tisza in the eastern part of Hungary, as well as in the western part of the country and in the Burgenland of Austria.

It covers a total area of about 50,000 km2 (19,000 sq mi).: 1781  The characteristic landscape is composed of treeless plains, saline steppes and salt lakes, and includes scattered sand dunes, low, wet forests and freshwater marshes along the floodplains of the ancient rivers.: 1781  It is strongly associated with traditional Hungarian breeds of domestic animal including the Hungarian Grey breed of cattle, the Mangalitsa breed of woolly pig, the Nonius breed of horse and the Racka breed of horned sheep,: 78  and also with the traditions of the csikós mounted herdsmen.: 77
1997 Virginia lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 1997 Virginia lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1997. Republican nominee John H. Hager defeated Democratic nominee Lewis F. Payne Jr. with 50.16% of the vote. This was the first time since 1973 that a Republican was elected lieutenant governor of Virginia.

Lewis F. Payne Jr.
Lewis Franklin "L. F." Payne Jr. (born July 9, 1945) is an American businessman, politician and lobbyist who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from the Commonwealth of Virginia from 1988 to 1997. He served five terms representing the 5th district of the state, covering much of Southside Virginia.
Good Side, Bad Side (Crucial Conflict album)
Good Side Bad Side is the second album by the Chicago hip hop group Crucial Conflict. It was released on November 3, 1998, through Pallas Records, Raw Dope Productions and Universal Records. Recording sessions took place at the Barn, Chicago Recording Company and Neighbourhood Watch Studios in Chicago. It features a couple of diss tracks towards Bone Thugs-N-Harmony, and guest appearances from Tear Da Club Up Thugs, Do Or Die and R. Kelly.

The album peaked at number 38 on the Billboard 200 albums chart and at number 10 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart in the United States.

Chicago Recording Company
Chicago Recording Company, or CRC, is a recording studio in Chicago, Illinois, founded in 1975.  Boasting twelve studios, CRC is the largest recording company in the Midwest, and the largest independent studio in the country.
Spacewalk (software)
Spacewalk is open-source systems management software for system provisioning, patching and configuration licensed under the GNU GPLv2.

The project was discontinued on 31 May 2020 with 2.10 being the last official release. SUSE forked the spacewalk code base in 2018 with uyuni-project

Oracle Linux
Oracle Linux (abbreviated OL, formerly known as Oracle Enterprise Linux or OEL) is a Linux distribution packaged and freely distributed by Oracle, available partially under the GNU General Public License since late 2006.  It is, in part, compiled from Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) source code, replacing Red Hat branding with Oracle's.  It is also used by Oracle Cloud and Oracle Engineered Systems such as Oracle Exadata and others.

Potential users can freely download Oracle Linux through Oracle's server, or from a variety of mirror sites, and can deploy and distribute it without cost. The company's Oracle Linux Support program aims to provide commercial technical support, covering Oracle Linux and existing RHEL or CentOS installations but without any certification from the former (i.e. without re-installation or re-boot). As of 2016 Oracle Linux had over 15,000 customers subscribed to the support program.
Nerrina
Nerrina is a suburb of Ballarat, Victoria, Australia on the north-eastern rural-urban fringe of the city, 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) east of the Central Business District. The population at the 2021 census was 970.

Nerrina is a semi-rural suburb with a very small township and commercial area. It is located on the foothills of the Brown Hill range and straddles both sides of the Western Freeway.

Western Highway (Victoria)
Western Highway is a major arterial route in western Victoria with a length of approximately 258 kilometres (160 mi) of single carriageway, then 161 kilometres (100 mi) of dual carriageway known as Western Freeway, linking the western suburbs of Melbourne to the border with South Australia at Serviceton. It is the Victorian part of the principal route linking the Australian cities of Melbourne and Adelaide, and is a part of the National Highway network, designated routes A8 and M8. The western end continues into South Australia as Dukes Highway, the next section of the Melbourne–Adelaide National Highway.

Western Highway is the second-busiest national highway in Australia, in terms of freight movements, with over five million tonnes annually, and provides the link between the eastern seaboard and South Australia and Western Australia.