hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stephan Loewentheil
Stephan Loewentheil (born 1950) is an American antiquarian and a rare book and photograph collector. He is the founder and president of the 19th Century Rare Book and Photograph Shop, located in New York, New York and Baltimore, Maryland. Over a career spanning four decades, Loewentheil "has excelled … in unearthing obscure bibliographic details leading to the acquisition of under-appreciated rarities, seminal documents and early historic photographic images." Loewentheil has been described as a "super-collector," whose clients include celebrities, heads of state, American presidents, and some of the most prominent private collectors and institutional clients of rare books and photographs.

Cyanotype
The cyanotype (from Ancient Greek: κυάνεος, kyáneos 'dark blue' and τύπος, týpos 'mark, impression, type') is a slow-reacting,  photographic printing formulation sensitive to a limited near-ultraviolet and blue light spectrum, the range of 300 nm to 400 nm, known as UVA radiation. It produces a monochrome, blue-coloured print on a range of supports, and is often used for art and reprography in the form of blueprints. For any purpose, the process usually uses two chemicals – ferric ammonium citrate or ferric ammonium oxalate, and potassium ferricyanide, and only water to develop and fix. Announced in 1842, it is still in use.
Kobe-Yamate Route
The Kobe-Yamate Route (神戸山手線, Kobe-Yamate-sen), signed as Route 31, is one of the routes of the Hanshin Expressway system serving the Keihanshin area. It travels in a south to north direction within the city of Kobe from the city's Nagata ward to Kita ward, with a total length of 10.2 kilometers (6.3 mi).

Nagata-ku, Kobe
Nagata (長田区, Nagata-ku) is one of 9 wards of Kobe, Japan. It has an area of 11.46 km2, and a population of 96,072 (2018). This region suffered the largest number of casualties in the Great Hanshin earthquake.
Model solid approximation
The model solid approximation is a method used for determining the extrema of energy bands in semiconductors.  The method was first proposed for silicon-germanium alloys by Chris G. Van de Walle and Richard M. Martin in 1986 and extended to several other semiconductor materials by Van de Walle in 1989.  It has been used extensively for modelling semiconductor heterostructure devices such as quantum cascade lasers.

Although the electrostatic potential in a semiconductor crystal fluctuates on an atomic scale, the model solid approximation averages these fluctuations out to obtain a constant energy level for each material.

Quantum-cascade laser
Quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs) are semiconductor lasers that emit in the mid- to far-infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum and were first demonstrated by Jérôme Faist, Federico Capasso, Deborah Sivco, Carlo Sirtori, Albert Hutchinson, and Alfred Cho at Bell Laboratories in 1994.

Unlike typical interband semiconductor lasers that emit electromagnetic radiation through the recombination of electron–hole pairs across the material band gap, QCLs are unipolar, and laser emission is achieved through the use of intersubband transitions in a repeated stack of semiconductor multiple quantum well heterostructures, an idea first proposed in the article "Possibility of amplification of electromagnetic waves in a semiconductor with a superlattice" by R. F. Kazarinov and R. A. Suris in 1971.
Bagley-Cater Building
The Bagley–Cater Building, at 15 E. Tenth St. in Anniston, Alabama, United States, is a Classical Revival-style commercial building built in 1908.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

It was deemed "significant as a well-developed local example of early 20th-century neoclassical commercial architecture. Distinguishing features of the building include the composition of Ionic pilasters and end pavilions with quoining and the fully detailed entablature embellished with swags."

Through 1985 the building had always served as a furniture store: as the Bagley Furniture and Undertaking Company until 1917, as the George Cater Furniture Company, and then as the Rhodes Furniture Company.

Quoin
Quoins (/kɔɪn/ or /kwɔɪn/) are masonry blocks at the corner of a wall. Some are structural, providing strength for a wall made with inferior stone or rubble, while others merely add aesthetic detail to a corner. According to one 19th-century encyclopedia, these imply strength, permanence, and expense, all reinforcing the onlooker's sense of a structure's presence.

Stone quoins are used on stone or brick buildings. Brick quoins may appear on brick buildings, extending from the facing brickwork in such a way as to give the appearance of generally uniformly cut ashlar blocks of stone larger than the bricks. Where quoins are decorative and non-load-bearing a wider variety of materials is used, including timber, stucco, or other cement render.
Abort67
Abort67 is an anti-abortion educational organisation in the UK known for using methods such as demonstrating in public places, speaking to people who stop to engage and displaying graphic images of aborted fetuses. The group was founded by Kathryn Attwood and Andrew Stephenson in January 2012, both former directors of the Centre for Bio-Ethical Reform UK.

Andrew Stephenson
Andrew George Stephenson (born 17 February 1981) is a British former politician who most recently served as Minister of State for Health and Secondary Care from November 2023 to July 2024. A member of the Conservative Party, he was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Pendle in Lancashire from 2010 until 2024.

Stephenson served continuously in different ministerial roles from 2017 to 2024.  These roles included  Co-Chairman of the Conservative Party and Minister without Portfolio, attending Cabinet, from July to September 2022. He was subsequently appointed as a member of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council on 8 July, entitling him to the style "The Right Honourable" for life and appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2023 New Year Honours for political and public service.
Barrackpore II
Barrackpore II (also spelled Barrackpur II) is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Barrackpore subdivision of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Community development block
In India, a community development block (CD block) or simply a block is a sub-division of a district, administratively earmarked for planning and development. In tribal areas, similar sub-divisions are called tribal development blocks (TD blocks). The area is administered by a block development officer (BDO), supported by several technical specialists and village-level workers. A community development block covers several gram panchayats, the local administrative units at the village level. A block is a rural subdivision and typically smaller than a tehsil. A tehsil is purely for revenue administration, whereas a block is for rural development purposes. In most states, a block is coterminous with the panchayat samiti area.
Catherine Soullie
Catherine Soullie (born 18 July 1954, in Cite d'Aunis) is a French politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 2009 until 2011, representing the Massif Central-Centre constituency.

In the 2009 European elections, Soullie was the fourth candidate on the Union for a Popular Movement list in the Massif Central-Centre region - which made her election quasi-impossible in the 5-seat constituency. However, Brice Hortefeux, then-Minister of Labour, third candidate on the list, was elected due to the UMP's surprisingly good result. However, he preferred to continue in the government and Soullie, as fourth candidate on the list, replaced him.

Aigrefeuille-d'Aunis
Aigrefeuille-d'Aunis is a commune in the Charente-Maritime department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of south-western France.

By population as well as by economic weight, it is one of the three main urban centres of the Pays d'Aunis along with Surgères and Marans.

The commune has been awarded one flower by the National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom in the Competition of cities and villages in Bloom.
2024–25 James Madison Dukes women's basketball team
The 2024–25 James Madison Dukes women's basketball team represented the James Madison University during the 2024–25 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Dukes, led by ninth-year head coach Sean O'Regan, played their home games at the Atlantic Union Bank Center in Harrisonburg, Virginia as members of the Sun Belt Conference.

The Dukes finished the season with a 30–6 record, 18–0 in Sun Belt play, to finish in first place. In the Sun Belt tournament, they defeated fourth seed Coastal Carolina in the semifinals before finishing off second-seeded Arkansas State in the championship game. In the WBIT, the Dukes beat Davidson and Marquette in the first and second rounds, respectively, before losing to Belmont in the quarterfinals. The Dukes set a program record for single-season wins with 30.

2024–25 Davidson Wildcats women's basketball team
The 2024–25 Davidson Wildcats women's basketball team represented Davidson College during the 2024–25 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Wildcats, led by eighth-year head coach Gayle Fulks, played their home games at the John M. Belk Arena in Davidson, North Carolina as members of the Atlantic 10 Conference (A-10).
MTV (India)
MTV is an Indian pay television channel specialising in music, reality and youth culture programming. It was launched in 1996 as the Indian version of the original American network and is owned by JioStar, under a license agreement with Paramount Networks EMEAA. Most of the programming on the channel is produced in Hindi. MTV India has its headquarters in Vile Parle in Mumbai.

Vile Parle
Vile Parle (IPA: [ʋile paːɾle], also known as Parla), is a suburb and also the name of the railway station in the Western suburb of Mumbai. Vile Parle has a significantly strong base of Marathi and Gujarati population. It serves as the location of the first Parle factory
Scott Wilson Group
Scott Wilson Group plc was a global integrated design and engineering consultancy with its headquarters in the United Kingdom. Founded as a civil engineering firm in 1951, the company broadened its range of services through acquisitions. Scott Wilson offered consultancy and professional services in the railways, buildings and infrastructure, environment and natural resources and roads sectors, and at its peak employed 5,500 people in 80 offices worldwide. Scott Wilson became a public limited company in 2006, and in 2010 was purchased by URS Corporation that in turn was purchased by AECOM.

AECOM
AECOM (/eɪ.iːˈkɒm/, ay-ee-KOM; formerly AECOM Technology Corporation) is an American multinational infrastructure consulting firm headquartered in Dallas, Texas.

The company's official name from 1990–2015 was AECOM Technology Corporation, and is now AECOM. The company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the ticker symbol ACM.

As of 2023, AECOM had approximately 51,000 employees, and was number 291 on the 2023 Fortune 500 list.
Reldia
Reldia is a genus of plants in the family Gesneriaceae. They are also in the Beslerieae tribe.

They are native to Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panamá and Peru in South America.

It contains the following species, according to Plants of the World Online;

Reldia alternifolia Wiehler

Reldia calcarata L.P.Kvist & L.E.Skog

Reldia grandiflora L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog

Reldia longipedunculata J.L.Clark

Reldia minutiflora (L.E. Skog) L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog

Reldia multiflora L.P.Kvist & L.E.Skog

The genus name of Reldia is in honour of Robert Louis Dressler (born 1927), an American botanist specialist of the taxonomy of the Orchidaceae family. It was first described and published in Selbyana Vol.2 on page 124 in 1977.

The genus is recognized by the United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service, but they do not list any known species.

Agricultural Research Service
The Agricultural Research Service (ARS) is the principal in-house research agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). ARS is one of four agencies in USDA's Research, Education and Economics mission area. ARS is charged with extending the nation's scientific knowledge and solving agricultural problems through its four national program areas: nutrition, food safety and quality; animal production and protection; natural resources and sustainable agricultural systems; and crop production and protection. ARS research focuses on solving problems affecting Americans every day. The ARS Headquarters is located in the Jamie L. Whitten Building on Independence Avenue in Washington, D.C., and the headquarters staff is located at the George Washington Carver Center (GWCC) in Beltsville, Maryland. For 2018, its budget was $1.2 billion. For 2023, the budget grew to $1.9 billion.
Loy Mendonsa
Loy Mendonsa is an Indian music director and part of the Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy trio which consists of himself, Shankar Mahadevan and Ehsaan Noorani. Before becoming a music composer, he played piano and keyboards for famous Indian music composers such as A. R. Rahman and Nadeem-Shravan. His daughter, Alyssa Mendonsa, made her singing debut with the song Uff Teri Adaa from the movie Karthik Calling Karthik.

Loy Mendonsa started his career by composing the signature tune for 'The World This Week' show on Doordarshan.

Karthik Calling Karthik
Karthik Calling Karthik is a 2010 Indian Hindi-language psychological thriller film, written and directed by Vijay Lalwani and produced by Farhan Akhtar and Ritesh Sidhwani under the banner of Excel Entertainment. The film stars Akhtar and Deepika Padukone. Ram Kapoor, Vivan Bhatena, Vipin Sharma and Shefali Shah play supporting roles in the film. The film's music was composed by the trio of Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy, while the background score was composed by MIDIval Punditz and Karsh Kale.
Meserich Synagogue
Meserich Synagogue, Meserich Shul or Meseritz Shul, also known as Edes Israel Anshei Mesrich, Edath Lei'Isroel Ansche Meseritz or Adas Yisroel Anshe Mezeritz ("Community of Israel, People of Mezertiz"), is an Orthodox Jewish synagogue located at 415 East 6th Street, in the East Village of Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States.

The congregation was established in 1888, comprising immigrants from  Międzyrzec Podlaski, a city in Biała Podlaska County, Lublin Voivodeship, Poland, known as a center of Jewish learning. The synagogue building was designed by Herman Horenburger in the Neo-Classical style, was completed in 1910, and is located between Avenue A and First Avenue.

Pesach (Paul) Ackerman served as Rabbi from 1969 until his death on June 14, 2013.

Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation
Village Preservation (formerly the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation, or GVSHP) is a nonprofit organization that advocates for the architectural preservation and cultural preservation and opposes housing development in several neighborhoods of Lower Manhattan in New York City. Founded in 1980, it has advocated for New York City designated landmark status for a variety of sites.

The organization has been characterized as influential in New York real estate and urban planning because of its role in blocking housing developments in Greenwich Village.
The Dickson Herald
The Dickson Herald is a biweekly newspaper published in Dickson, Tennessee, appearing each Wednesday and Friday. It was founded in 1907 as The Dickson County Herald, a weekly, and has periodically been published since as both a biweekly and triweekly.  Since Gannett's buyout of Multimedia, Inc. it has published many articles in cooperation with the Middle Tennessee area's dominant daily newspaper, The Tennessean. The Herald serves as the newspaper of record for Dickson County, Tennessee; a considerable portion of its classified advertising revenue come from publishing legally required notices of court and other governmental actions. The Herald was actually printed in nearby Clarksville, Tennessee at the plant of another Gannett-owned newspaper, The Leaf-Chronicle for many years, and is now printed by The Tennessean, which in turn is consolidating its printing operations with those of another Gannett-owned newspaper, the Knoxville News-Sentinel

Newspaper of record
A newspaper of record is a major national newspaper with large circulation whose editorial and news-gathering functions are considered authoritative and independent; they are thus "newspapers of record by reputation" and include some of the oldest and most widely respected newspapers in the world. The number and trend of "newspapers of record by reputation" is related to the state of press freedom and political freedom in a country.

It may also be a newspaper authorized to publish public or legal notices, thus serving as a newspaper of public record. A newspaper whose editorial content is directed by the state can be referred to as an official newspaper of record, but the lack of editorial independence means that it is not a "newspaper of record by reputation". Newspapers of record by reputation that focus on business can also be called newspapers of financial record.
Glamorous Sky
"Glamorous Sky" is Mika Nakashima's 16th single overall, her 1st under the name Nana starring Mika Nakashima, and the second most successful single in her career after "Stars". It is her first rock song and it was used as one of the image songs for the film Nana (as one of the bands Black Stones' song). Hyde of L'Arc-en-Ciel composed "Glamorous Sky". The second and third B-sides, "Blood" and "Isolation" were used as CM songs for Kate cosmetics. Mika Nakashima graces the cover of the single as Nana Osaki.

The song is featured as a cover by a jrock band, Girugamesh, in the Konami music games, BEMANI for DrumMania V3 and GuitarFreaks V3, as well as the iNiS rhythm game Moero! Nekketsu Rhythm Damashii Osu! Tatakae! Ouendan 2. Hyde, the composer of this track, also released a version in 2018.

Girugamesh
Girugamesh (Japanese: ギルガメッシュ, Hepburn: Girugamesshu) is a Japanese rock band, formed in 2003. Their name is sometimes stylized with a metal umlaut as girugämesh and is derived from the Final Fantasy character. They disbanded in 2016, and reformed in 2022, announcing a new song to celebrate label MAVERICK's 40th anniversary as well as to encourage the music scene exhausted by COVID-19.
Also Sprach Zarathustra (2001)
"Also Sprach Zarathustra (2001)" is an instrumental by Brazilian musician Eumir Deodato, from his 1973 album Prelude. It is a heavily jazz-funk styled rendition of the introduction from the 1896 Richard Strauss composition Also sprach Zarathustra. The "(2001)" mentioned is a reference to the soundtrack for the film 2001: A Space Odyssey.

Released as the album's first single in early 1973, his rendition peaked at number 2 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 singles chart on 31 March 1973 (behind Roberta Flack's "Killing Me Softly with His Song"), number 3 in Canada, and number 7 on the UK Singles Chart. It won the 16th Annual Grammy Awards Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Performance.

The track has appeared on many compilation and re-issue albums since 1973.

2001: A Space Odyssey (soundtrack)
2001: A Space Odyssey is a soundtrack album to the film of the same name, released in 1968. The soundtrack is known for its use of many classical and orchestral pieces, and credited for giving many classical pieces resurgences in popularity, such as Johann Strauss II's 1866 Blue Danube Waltz, Richard Strauss' symphonic poem Also sprach Zarathustra, Adagio from Aram Khachaturian’s ballet Gayane, and György Ligeti's Atmosphères. The soundtrack has been re-issued multiple times, including a digitally remastered version in 1996.
King Arthur Castle
King Arthur Castle is a 7,344-foot-elevation (2,238-meter) summit located in the Grand Canyon, in Coconino County of northern Arizona, US. It is situated one-half mile northwest of Guinevere Castle, one mile west of Excalibur, and two miles east-southeast of Holy Grail Temple, within the Shinumo Amphitheater. Topographic relief is significant as it rises over 5,100 feet (1,600 meters) above the Colorado River in 4.5 miles (7.2 km). According to the Köppen climate classification system, King Arthur Castle is located in a cold semi-arid climate zone, with precipitation runoff draining west to the Colorado River via Shinumo Creek.

Coconino County, Arizona
Coconino County is a county in the  North-Central part of the U.S. state of Arizona. Its population was 145,101 at the 2020 census. The county seat is Flagstaff. The county takes its name from Cohonino, a name applied to the Havasupai people. It is the second-largest county by area in the contiguous United States, behind San Bernardino County, California. It has 18,661 sq mi (48,332 km2), or 16.4% of Arizona's total area, and is larger than the nine smallest states in the U.S.

Coconino County comprises the Flagstaff metropolitan statistical area, Grand Canyon National Park, the federally recognized Havasupai Nation, and parts of the federally recognized Navajo, Hualapai, and Hopi nations. As a result, its relatively large Native American population makes up nearly 30% of the county's total population; it is mostly Navajo, with smaller numbers of other tribes.

The county was the setting for George Herriman's early 20th-century Krazy Kat comic strip.
Reichsbund der Kinderreichen
Reichsbund der Kinderreichen (RDK or RdK), Reich's Union of Large Families or literally: Reich's League of those wealthy in children, was one of the most important pronatalist groups founded in Germany after World War I.
To qualify as a member of this league a family should have at least four children. Widows were also admitted.

The German Large Family League was forcefully nazified after the Nazi takeover of power in 1933. As such its goal became the preservation and promotion of the German hereditarily healthy Aryan family ("Erhaltung und Förderung der deutschen, erbgesunden, arischen Familie").

Gleichschaltung
In Nazi terminology, Gleichschaltung (German pronunciation: [ˈɡlaɪçʃaltʊŋ] ⓘ), meaning 'synchronization' or 'coordination', was the process of Nazification by which Adolf Hitler—leader of the Nazi Party in Germany—established a system of totalitarian control and coordination over all aspects of German society "from the economy and trade associations to the media, culture and education".

Although the Weimar Constitution remained nominally in effect throughout Hitler's dictatorship, near total Nazification was achieved by 1935 with the resolutions approved during that year's Nuremberg Rally, fusing the symbols of the party and the state (see Flag of Nazi Germany) and depriving German Jews of their citizenship (see Nuremberg Laws). The tenets of Gleichschaltung, including the Nuremberg Laws, also applied to territories occupied by the German Reich.