hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chandler Davis
Horace Chandler Davis (August 12, 1926 – September 24, 2022) was an American-Canadian mathematician, writer, educator, and left-wing political activist. The socialist magazine Jacobin described Davis as "an internationally esteemed mathematician, a minor science fiction writer of note, and among the most celebrated political prisoners in the United States during the years of the high Cold War".

Political prisoners in the United States
Throughout its history and into the present, the United States has held alleged political prisoners, people whose detention is based substantially on political motives.

Prominent US political prisoners have included anti-war socialists, civil rights movement activists, conscientious objectors, and war on terrorism detainees.
Mninga
Mninga is an administrative ward in the Mufindi District of the Iringa Region of Tanzania, East Africa.

In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 15,485 people in the ward, from 14,799 in 2012.

Subdivisions of Tanzania
The administrative divisions of Tanzania are controlled by Part I, Article 2.2 of the Constitution of Tanzania. Tanzania is divided into thirty-one regions (mkoa in Swahili). Each region is subdivided into districts (wilaya in Swahili). The districts are sub-divided into divisions (tarafa in Swahili) and further into local wards (kata in Swahili). Wards are further subdivided for management purposes: for urban wards into streets (mtaa in Swahili) and for rural wards into  villages (kijiji in Swahili). The villages may be further subdivided into hamlets (kitongoji in Swahili).
2018 US Open – Girls' doubles
Olga Danilović and Marta Kostyuk were the defending champions, but both players chose not to participate.

Top seeds Cori Gauff and Caty McNally won the title, defeating Hailey Baptiste and Dalayna Hewitt in an all-American final, 6–3, 6–2.

Olga Danilović
Olga Danilović (Serbian Cyrillic: Олга Даниловић, pronounced [ôːlɡa danǐːloʋitɕ]; born 23 January 2001) is a Serbian professional tennis player. She has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 32 by the WTA, achieved on 14 July 2025 and a best doubles ranking of No. 90, reached on 27 October 2025. She is the current No. 1 Serbian female singles player. Danilović has won two singles titles and two doubles titles on the WTA Tour.

On the WTA Challenger Tour, she has won two singles titles and one doubles title. Additionally, she has won seven singles titles and one doubles title on the ITF Circuit. Playing for Serbia, Danilović holds a win–loss record of 12–8 in Billie Jean King Cup competition, as of June 2025.
Budapest Semesters in Mathematics
The Budapest Semesters in Mathematics program is a study abroad opportunity for North American undergraduate students in Budapest, Hungary.  The coursework is primarily mathematical and conducted in English by Hungarian professors whose primary positions are at Eötvös Loránd University or the Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.  Originally started by  László Lovász, László Babai, Vera Sós, and Pál Erdős, the first semester was conducted in Spring 1985.  The North- American part of the program is currently run by Tina Garrett (North American Director) out of St. Olaf College in Northfield, MN.  She is supported by Kendra Killpatrick (Associate Director) and Eileen Shimota (Program Administrator). The former North American Directors were Paul D. Humke (1988–2011) and Tom Trotter. The Hungarian director is  Dezső Miklós. The first Hungarian director was Gábor J. Székely (1985–1995).

László Lovász
László Lovász (Hungarian: [ˈlovaːs ˈlaːsloː]; born March 9, 1948) is a Hungarian mathematician and professor emeritus at Eötvös Loránd University, best known for his work in combinatorics, for which he was awarded the 2021 Abel Prize jointly with Avi Wigderson. He was the president of the International Mathematical Union from 2007 to 2010 and the president of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences from 2014 to 2020.

In graph theory, Lovász's notable contributions include the proofs of Kneser's conjecture and the Lovász local lemma, as well as the formulation of the Erdős–Faber–Lovász conjecture. He is also one of the eponymous authors of the LLL lattice reduction algorithm.
Radomyshl Raion
Radomyshl Raion (Ukrainian: Радомишльський район) was a raion (district) in Zhytomyr Oblast (province) of northern Ukraine. Its administrative center was the city of Radomyshl. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Zhytomyr Oblast to four. The area of Radomyshl Raion was merged into Zhytomyr Raion. The last estimate of the raion's population was 36,069 (2020 est.)

Zhytomyr Raion
Zhytomyr Raion (Ukrainian: Житомирський район) is a raion (district) of Zhytomyr Oblast, northern Ukraine. Its administrative centre is located at Zhytomyr. The raion covers an area of 1,441 square kilometres (556 sq mi). Population: 606,433 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Zhytomyr Oblast was reduced to four, and the area of Zhytomyr Raion was significantly expanded.  Before the expansion, the area of the raion was 865.2 square kilometres (334.1 sq mi). The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 72,213 (2020 est.).

In 1928-39, the territory of the modern district was known as the Troyanivskyi district with its center in the town of Troyaniv (now a small village).
Oliver Hoyte
Oliver Hoyte (born October 5, 1984) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys. He played college football for the NC State Wolfpack.

George D. Chamberlain High School
George D. Chamberlain High School is a public high school in Tampa, Florida, United States. It was opened in 1956 on North Boulevard (on the corner of Busch Boulevard). The school is named in honor of George D. Chamberlain, who served for several years as a trustee for the Hillsborough County School System.
Wallback, West Virginia
Wallback is an unincorporated community in Clay and Roane counties, West Virginia, United States. Wallback is located at the junction of Interstate 79 and West Virginia Route 36, 7.5 miles (12.1 km) north-northwest of Clay. Wallback has a post office with ZIP code 25285.

The community is named for John de Barth Walbach, an Alsatian hussar of the French Revolutionary Wars who became an aide to Alexander Hamilton, rose to Adjutant General of the United States during the War of 1812, and was the oldest acting officer in U.S. history. Walbach inherited 10,000 acres on the Elk River from his father, Count Jean-Joseph de Barth, who led the "French 500"  fleeing the French Revolution and founding  Gallipolis, Ohio.

Gallipolis, Ohio
Gallipolis (/ˌɡæləpəˈliːs/ GAL-ə-pə-LEESS) is a village in Gallia County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. It is located in Southeast Ohio along the Ohio River about 55 miles (89 km) southeast of Chillicothe and 44 miles (71 km) northwest of Charleston, West Virginia. The population was 3,313 at the 2020 census. Gallipolis is the second-largest community in the rural Point Pleasant micropolitan area, which includes all of Gallia County, Ohio, and Mason County, West Virginia.
Gower Street, London
Gower Street (/ˈɡaʊər/) is a street in Bloomsbury, central London, running from Euston Road at the north to Montague Place in the south.  The street continues as North Gower Street north of Euston Road, while to the south it becomes Bloomsbury Street.

University College London (UCL) and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) are located along Gower Street as is part of University College Hospital. UCL maintains two student residences along the street: the Arthur Tattersall and John Tovell Houses. Of the many UCL buildings along Gower Street, the Cruciform Building is especially notable, both for its striking red exterior and its obvious form, even when viewed from the road. Old boys of University College School are known as "Old Gowers" after the street where it was founded and co-located with UCL. SOAS, University of London and Birkbeck College are also in proximity.

Euston Square Underground station is located at the north end of Gower Street, at the corner of Euston Road.

Central London
Central London is the innermost part of London, in England, spanning the City of London and several boroughs. Over time, a number of definitions have been used to define the scope of Central London for statistics, urban planning and local government. Its characteristics are understood to include a high-density built environment, high land values, an elevated daytime population and a concentration of regionally, nationally and internationally significant organisations and facilities.

Road distances to London are traditionally measured from a central point at Charing Cross (in the City of Westminster), which is marked by the statue of King Charles I at the junction of the Strand, Whitehall and Cockspur Street, just south of Trafalgar Square.
Chara (alga)
Chara is a genus of charophyte green algae in the family Characeae. They are multicellular and superficially resemble land plants because of stem-like and leaf-like structures. They are found in freshwater, particularly in limestone areas throughout the northern temperate zone, where they grow submerged, attached to the muddy bottom. They prefer less oxygenated and hard water and are not found in waters where mosquito larvae are present. They are covered with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) deposits and are commonly known as stoneworts. Cyanobacteria have been found growing as epiphytes on the surfaces of Chara, where they may be involved in fixing nitrogen, which is important to plant nutrition.

Calcium carbonate
Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CaCO3. It is a common substance found in rocks as the minerals calcite and aragonite, most notably in chalk and limestone, eggshells, gastropod shells, shellfish skeletons and pearls. Materials containing much calcium carbonate or resembling it are described as calcareous. Calcium carbonate is the active ingredient in agricultural lime.  Limescale is calcium carbonate produced when calcium ions in hard water react with carbonate ions. Calcium carbonate has medical use as a calcium supplement or as an antacid, but excessive consumption can be hazardous and cause hypercalcemia and digestive issues.
Miss Universe 2018
Miss Universe 2018 was the 67th Miss Universe pageant, held at the Impact Arena in Pak Kret, Nonthaburi, Thailand, on 17 December 2018.

At the conclusion of the event, Demi-Leigh Nel-Peters of South Africa crowned Catriona Gray of the Philippines as Miss Universe 2018. This was the Philippines' fourth victory after their recent victory in 2015.

Contestants from ninety-four countries and territories competed in this year's pageant, surpassing the previous record of ninety-two in 2017. The pageant was hosted by Steve Harvey in his fourth consecutive year, along with supermodel Ashley Graham. Television personality Carson Kressley and runway coach Lu Sierra provided commentary and analysis throughout the event. American singer-songwriter Ne-Yo performed in this year's pageant.

Pak Kret
Pak Kret (Thai: ปากเกร็ด, pronounced [pàːk krèt]) is a city (thesaban nakhon) in Nonthaburi province, Thailand. It lies in the Central Thailand plains on the east bank of the lower Chao Phraya River, bordering Bangkok to the east, Mueang Nonthaburi district of Nonthaburi province to the south, and Pathum Thani province to the north. It is part of the Bangkok Metropolitan Region megalopolis. With a registered population of 190,272, Pak Kret is the third most populous city municipality (thesaban nakhon) in Thailand.

The city is most notable for Muang Thong Thani, Ko Kret and Central Chaengwattana. The MRT Pink Line and Udon Ratthaya Expressway serves part of the city.
Blanchetiodendron
Blanchetiodendron is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It belongs to the mimosoid clade of the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. It contains a single species, Blanchetiodendron blanchetii, a shrub endemic to eastern Brazil. It ranges from Bahia to northeastern Minas Gerais states.

Caesalpinioideae
Caesalpinioideae is a botanical name at the rank of subfamily, placed in the large family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. Its name is formed from the generic name Caesalpinia. It is known also as the peacock flower subfamily. The Caesalpinioideae are mainly trees distributed in the moist tropics, but include such temperate species as the honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos) and Kentucky coffeetree (Gymnocladus dioicus). It has the following clade-based definition:

The most inclusive crown clade containing Arcoa gonavensis Urb. and Mimosa pudica L., but not Bobgunnia fistuloides (Harms) J. H. Kirkbr. & Wiersema, Duparquetia orchidacea Baill., or Poeppigia procera C.Presl

In some classifications, for example the Cronquist system, the group is recognized at the rank of family, Caesalpiniaceae.
Tove Fergo
Tove Fergo (24 September 1946 – 4 October 2015) was a Danish vicar and politician representing the liberal party Venstre. She was a member of the Danish parliament (Folketinget) from 21 September 1994 until 8 February 2005 when she was not re-elected.

She was a vicar at Simon Peters Kirke on Amager, Copenhagen, Denmark from 1973. She was the Minister for Ecclesiastical Affairs from 27 November 2001 to 18 February 2005 in the Cabinet of Anders Fogh Rasmussen I.

She died on 4 October 2015.

Amager
Amager (Danish pronunciation: [ˈɑˌmɑˀ] or, especially among older speakers, [ˈɑˌmɛˀɐ]), located in the Øresund, is Denmark's most densely populated island, with 225,746 inhabitants (January 2025). Amager is the largest island in the Øresund, and the only one with a large population.

Amager is home to parts of Copenhagen including Freetown Christiania, as well as Copenhagen Airport. The island is connected to the much larger island of Zealand (Sjælland) by eight bridges and a metro tunnel, and to Sweden via the Øresund Bridge.
Keelesdale station
Keelesdale is an underground Toronto subway station on Line 5 Eglinton in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the Silverthorn neighbourhood at the intersection of Keele Street and Eglinton Avenue. Nearby destinations include the York Civic Centre, Keelesdale Park and Chris Tonks Arena, York Memorial Collegiate Institute, George Harvey Collegiate Institute, and the Silverthorn neighbourhood.

George Harvey Collegiate Institute
George Harvey Collegiate Institute (George Harvey CI, GHCI, also known simply as Harvey) was a high school in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was formerly known as George Harvey Vocational School and George Harvey Secondary School. It was located in the former suburb of York and was part of the Toronto District School Board. Before 1998, it was part of the Board of Education for the City of York.

The school opened in 1952 as the first vocational school in the former City of York for students who wanted to pursue skilled trades. It became a composite secondary school focused on technology and offered a STEPS to University program, as well as a program called Game Design. George Harvey was also the first TDSB school to provide netbooks to students. The school ceased to exist as an individual school on June 30, 2022, when the student body consolidated with York Memorial Collegiate Institute, in the same building, which will operate until 2026.
Chris Johnson (artist)
Chris Johnson (born 1948) is an American fine art photographer, educator, author, curator, video and installation artist working primarily with themes related to personal history, chance operations and social justice. He is a Professor Emeritus of photography at the California College of the Arts. His photographic work has been shown in a solo exhibition at Monterey Museum of Art. Johnson's video work in collaboration with the Question Bridge team has been exhibited at Oakland Museum of California, Brooklyn Museum and Portland Art Museum.

Artnet
Artnet is an art market website based in New York City. Established in 1989 to provide consumers with access to databases of historical prices paid for works of art at auction, Artnet expanded in the 1990s to host its own online auctions and provide digital platforms for art galleries to publish their exhibitions online. The website has also hosted two successive digital publications focused on art world and market news, Artnet Magazine (1996–2012), and Artnet News (2014–present).

Artnet is owned by Artnet AG, a German company previously listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. Artnet AG was acquired by the American venture capital firm Beowolff Capital in 2025 and taken private.
Siegerländisch
Siegerländisch (German: Siegerländisch, locally called Sejerlännr Pladd) is the northeasternmost dialect of the  Moselle Franconian Dialect Group. Siegerländisch is spoken in the region around the city of Siegen in Germany. The dialect is also spoken in parts of northern Altenkirchen as well as parts of the Westerwaldkreis. It has strong lexical similarities to the Hessian dialects and to South Westphalian, which are spoken in surrounding regions. It belongs to the West Central German branch of the High German languages. It is bounded on the north by the Benrath line, which separates it from the Westphalian language and thus from Low German, as well as on the east by the Sankt Goar line and on the west by the Eifel and the Ripuarian language.

Westerwaldkreis
The Westerwaldkreis ("District of Westerwald") is a district (Kreis) in the north-east of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighbouring districts are (from north clockwise) Altenkirchen, Lahn-Dill, Limburg-Weilburg, Rhein-Lahn, the district-free city Koblenz, Mayen-Koblenz and Neuwied.
Okeana, Ohio
Okeana, originally known as Tariff, is an unincorporated community in central Morgan Township, Butler County, Ohio, United States.  It is located on Dry Fork Creek, a tributary of the Great Miami River, on State Route 126 about three miles northwest of Shandon in sections 21 and 26 of R1ET3N of the Congress Lands.  It is a mile north of Alert, a mile east of Macedonia, and ten miles southwest of Hamilton.  The bulk of addresses served by the Okeana post office are in the Ross Local School District, but parts of the region are in the Southwest Local School District.

A post office was established there in 1828 as Tariff, but the name was changed to Okeana on May 27, 1858, after the daughter of the Indian chief Kiatta, for whom a stream in Morgan Township is named. The town of Okeana was established in 1858. The town was laid out by the Rev. Benjamin Lloyd.

Congress Lands
The Congress Lands was a group of land tracts in Ohio that made land available for sale to members of the general public through land offices in various cities, and through the United States General Land Office. It consisted of three groups of surveys:

Ohio River Base
Congress Lands East of Scioto River
Congress Lands North of Old Seven Ranges

Congress Lands West of Miami River

Northwest Ohio
North and East of the First Principal Meridian
South and East of the First Principal Meridian
Robert Jackson (Berwick-upon-Tweed MP)
Sir Robert Jackson (c. 1584 – 1645) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1621 to 1626.

Jackson was  of County Durham. He matriculated at St Alban Hall, Oxford  on 12 June 1601, aged 16 and was awarded  BA on 4 February 1605 and  MA on 20 January 1608. He was knighted  on 13 May 1617. He was an alderman at Berwick-upon-Tweed. In 1621, he was elected Member of Parliament for Berwick upon Tweed. He was re-elected MP for Berwick upon Tweed in 1624, 1625 and 1626.

Jackson died at the age of about 60 and was buried on 29 January 1645.

Berwick-upon-Tweed (UK Parliament constituency)
Berwick-upon-Tweed (/ˌbɛrɪk-/ ⓘ) was a parliamentary constituency in Northumberland represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament from 2015 until its abolition for the 2024 general election by Anne-Marie Trevelyan, a Conservative.

It was a parliamentary borough in the county of Northumberland of the House of Commons of England from 1512 to 1706, then of the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1885. It returned two Members of Parliament (MPs), elected by the bloc vote system. It was a county constituency since 1885, electing one MP under the first-past-the-post system.

Under the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was expanded and renamed North Northumberland to reflect the inclusion of the town of Morpeth from the abolished constituency of Wansbeck.
George Timmins (footballer)
George Timmins was an English footballer who played at left-half. George Timmins signed for West Bromwich Albion in 1880, turning professional in August 1885. From August 1885 through to April 1888, the last three seasons before the Football League commenced George Timmins was part of three FA Cup Final teams 1885 – 1888. He obtained a Winner's medal in 1888 when the Albion defeated Preston North End 2–1 in the Final.

George Timmins made his League debut on 8 September 1888, at wing-half for West Bromwich Albion in a 2–0 win against Stoke at the Victoria Ground, Stoke. He played all of the "Throstles" 22 Football League matches in season 1888-89 and was part of a midfield that achieved a big (three goals or more) League win on two separate occasions.

A skilful and determined footballer,  he was known as a hard, fearless man, who made it challenging for opponents in the tackle.

Stoke-on-Trent
Stoke-on-Trent (often abbreviated to Stoke) is a city and unitary authority area in Staffordshire, England. It had an estimated population of 259,965 in 2022, making it the largest settlement in Staffordshire and one of the largest cities of the Midlands. Stoke is surrounded by the towns of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Alsager, Kidsgrove and Biddulph, which form a conurbation around the city.

The city is polycentric, formed from the federation of six towns in 1910. It took its name from the town of Stoke-upon-Trent, where the main centre of government and the principal railway station in the district were located. Hanley is the primary commercial centre. The other four towns which form the city are Burslem, Tunstall, Longton and Fenton.

As the home of the pottery industry in England, the area is known as The Potteries. It is a centre for service industries and distribution centres. It formerly had a primarily heavy industry sector.
TUG-UBL1 protein domain
In molecular biology, TUG-UBL1 refers to a protein that regulates a glucose transporter called GLUT4. TUG-UBL1 is an acronym for Tether containing UBX domain for GLUT4-Ubiquitin Like 1, this is encoded for by the gene, ASPSCR1.

ASPSCR1
Tether containing UBX domain for GLUT4 (TUG) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ASPSCR1 gene.

This gene is a candidate gene for alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS). It has been found that ASPSCR1 can undergo oncogenic rearrangement with transcription factor TFE3 gene, creating an aberrant gene that is a stronger transcriptional activator than TFE3 alone. This fusion oncogene encodes for a chimeric transcription factor, which is responsible for the production of multiple molecules that contribute to ASPS and also to renal cell carcinomas. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but their full length nature has not been determined.
Mists (Xenakis)
Mists is a composition for the piano by Iannis Xenakis. It was written in 1980, and was premiered on April 16, 1981, by Roger Woodward, to whom it is dedicated. Its duration is approximately 12 minutes.

Keqrops
Keqrops (Greek: Κέκροψ, also incorrectly entitled by the composer Κεqροψ, which can be translated as weaving) is a composition for piano and orchestra by Greek/French composer Iannis Xenakis. Due to the prominent role of the piano soloist, it has often been classified as a piano concerto. It was completed in 1986.