hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Resonant-tunneling diode
A resonant-tunneling diode (RTD) is a diode with a resonant-tunneling structure in which electrons can tunnel through some resonant states at certain energy levels. The current–voltage characteristic often exhibits negative differential resistance regions.

All types of tunneling diodes make use of quantum mechanical tunneling.
Characteristic to the current–voltage relationship of a tunneling diode is the presence of one or more negative differential resistance regions, which enables many unique applications. Tunneling diodes can be very compact and are also capable of ultra-high-speed operation because the quantum tunneling effect through the very thin layers is a very fast process.  One area of active research is directed toward building oscillators and switching devices that can operate at terahertz frequencies.

Quantum well
A quantum well is a potential well wherein the energy spectrum of charge carriers is discrete.

As opposed to a bulk region, wherein the carriers are free to move in three spatial directions, their motion is free only in two (planar) directions in a quantum well. The quantum size effects take place when the size of a region in at least one of the directions (the direction of growth in the case of semiconductor heterostructure quantum wells - the transverse direction) becomes comparable to the de Broglie wavelength of the carriers (electrons and holes in a semiconductor), resulting in a discrete energy spectrum for them.

Semiconductor quantum wells can be realized in double heterostructures. The double heterostructure concept was proposed in 1963 independently by Herbert Kroemer and by Zhores Alferov and Rudolf Kazarinov.
As They Were
As They Were is a 1982 collection of essays by M.F.K. Fisher, including several tales about her childhood in Whittier, California. As They Were (along with Long Ago in France and Sister Age) was one of the books she wrote at Last House in Glen Ellen, California. Fisher was a "revered" food writer, but this volume almost entirely avoids the topic on which she built her reputation, which some reviewers found disappointing. In As They Were, Fisher recalls visits to the Mission Inn in Riverside, stays at Swiss inns, kitchens in Provence in which she cooked, hotels and restaurants she patronized in Aix and Arles, and journeys by sea. Library Journal said the book was filled with "her usual delightful prose" and recommended it for purchase by libraries with a "sophisticated clientele." Several of the pieces had previously been published in magazines such as The New Yorker and The Atlantic Monthly.

Aix-en-Provence
Aix-en-Provence, often known as simply Aix, is a city and commune in southern France, about 30 km (20 mi) north of Marseille. A former capital of Provence, it is the subprefecture of the arrondissement of Aix-en-Provence, in the department of Bouches-du-Rhône, in the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. The population of Aix-en-Provence is approximately 148,000. Its inhabitants are called Aixois or, less commonly, Aquisextains.
Jon Gettman
Jon B. Gettman (born August 20, 1957) is a marijuana rights activist, a leader of the Coalition for Rescheduling Cannabis, and a former head of the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws. He has a PhD in public policy and regional economic development from George Mason University and is a longtime contributor to High Times magazine. Gettman filed a petition in 1995 to remove cannabis from Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act that was eventually denied. A second petition was filed in 2002, with the Coalition for Rescheduling Cannabis, that remains under review by the Department of Health and Human Services. Gettman frequently publishes on the marijuana industry and is an associate professor of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Shenandoah University in Virginia.

Cannabis rights
Cannabis rights or marijuana rights (sometimes more specifically cannabis consumer rights or stoner rights) are individual civil rights that vary by jurisdiction. The rights of people who consume cannabis include the right to be free from employment discrimination and housing discrimination.

Anti-cannabis laws include civil infractions and fines, imprisonment, and even the death penalty.
Golaem
Golaem is a France-based software developer of solutions dedicated to the population of 3D environments using autonomous human-like characters.

Golaem was created in 2009 in Rennes by researchers and engineers from INRIA, a major French research center, leveraging on 15 years of research on the modeling and simulation of human characters.

This company is known for working with major movie studios, TV series and firms for TV commercials. It notably worked for : Asterix and Obelix: God Save Britannia, Hercules, Game of Thrones, Breaking Bad, The Walking Dead, Once Upon a Time, Warm bodies, Orange S.A., Peugeot, Nike, Nissan, Paco Rabanne, Electronic Arts, T-Mobile or Honda

In 2024, Golaem was acquired by Autodesk and the software is being integrated into Autodesk products.

French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation
The National Institute for Research in Digital Science and Technology  (Inria) (French: Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du numérique) is a French national research institution focusing on computer science and applied mathematics.
It was created under the name French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation (IRIA) (French: Institut de recherche en informatique et en automatique) in 1967 at Rocquencourt near Paris, part of Plan Calcul. Its first site was the historical premises of SHAPE (central command of NATO military forces), which is still used as Inria's main headquarters. In 1980, IRIA became INRIA. Since 2011, it has been styled Inria.

Inria is a Public Scientific and Technical Research Establishment (EPST) under the double supervision of the French Ministry of National Education, Advanced Instruction and Research and the Ministry of Economy, Finance and Industry.
Sri Lanka Air Force Academy
The Air Force Academy (AFA) is the Sri Lanka Air Force's training and education academy which provides initial training to all SLAF personnel who are preparing to be commissioned officers. AFA also provides initial training to Officer Cadets of the general duties pilot branch. The Air Force Academy is based at SLAF China Bay in Trincomalee. The Commandant of the academy is an officer of the rank of Air Commodore.

The academy offers a two-year program of basic flight training and a variety of specialized courses. Flight training is carried out by the 1 Flying Training Wing which is attached to the academy.

Air commodore
Air commodore (Air Cdre or Air Cmde) is an air officer rank used by some air forces, with origins from the Royal Air Force. The rank is also used by the air forces of many countries which have historical British influence and it is sometimes used as the English translation of an equivalent rank in countries which have a non-English air force-specific rank structure.

Air commodore is immediately senior to group captain and immediately subordinate to air vice-marshal. It is usually equivalent to a commodore or a brigadier/brigadier general.

The equivalent rank in the Women's Auxiliary Air Force, Women's Royal Air Force (until 1968) and Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Nursing Service (until 1980) was "air commandant".
2020 Mugello Formula 3 round
The 2020 Mugello FIA Formula 3 round was a motor racing event held on 12 and 13 September 2020 at the Mugello Circuit in Tuscany, Italy. It was the final round of the 2020 FIA Formula 3 Championship, and ran in support of the 2020 Tuscan Grand Prix. Oscar Piastri would be crowned champion after Logan Sargeant collided with Lirim Zendeli in Race 2, and Theo Pourchaire failed to outscore him.

Dennis Hauger
Dennis Hauger (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈdɛnɪs ˈhœʉ̯ː(ɡ)əɾ]; born 17 March 2003) is a Norwegian racing driver who is set to compete in the IndyCar Series with Dale Coyne Racing. He competed in the 2025 Indy NXT with Andretti Global, winning the championship.

Hauger raced in Formula 2 from 2022 to 2024. He was a member of the Red Bull Junior Team and was the 2021 FIA Formula 3 champion. Hauger also won the 2019 Italian F4 Championship with Van Amersfoort Racing.
Meskerem Legesse
Meskerem Legesse (28 September 1986 – 15 July 2013) was an Ethiopian distance runner. She participated in the 1,500 meters at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. Legesse turned professional and participated in a number of U.S. events at various distances.

She set the world junior record in the indoor 800m with a time of 2:01.03 at Fayetteville, United States on 14 February 2004. At the 2004 Olympics, she ran a time of 4:18:03 (twelfth place in a first-round heat), and did not advance to the medal round.

Legesse resided in Westport, Connecticut and had not been in Ethiopia for nine years, since 2004. She retired from running due to a heart condition.

Legesse died suddenly three weeks before she was to give birth. She was with her two-year-old son when she collapsed on 15 July 2013 at a restaurant in Hamden, Connecticut. Doctors were successful in saving her unborn child.

Fayetteville, Arkansas
Fayetteville (/ˈfeɪətvɪl/ FAY-ət-vil) is a city in Washington County, Arkansas, United States, and its county seat. The population was 93,949 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 103,134 in 2024, making it the second-most populous city in Arkansas and the most populous city in Northwest Arkansas. Fayetteville is on the outskirts of the Boston Mountains, within the Ozarks. It is included in the three-county Northwest Arkansas metropolitan area, with 546,725 residents in 2020.

Fayetteville was named after Fayetteville, Tennessee, from which many settlers had come, and was incorporated on November 3, 1836. It is home to the University of Arkansas, the state's flagship university.  When classes are in session, thousands of students on campus change up the pace of the city. Thousands of Arkansas Razorbacks alumni and fans travel to Fayetteville to attend football, basketball, and baseball games.
Saint-Sulpice, Quebec
Saint-Sulpice (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ sylpis] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Lanaudière region of Quebec, Canada, part of the L'Assomption Regional County Municipality. It is located on the north shore of the Saint Lawrence River and includes most of Verchères Islands.

L'Assomption Regional County Municipality
L'Assomption (French pronunciation: [lasɔ̃psjɔ̃]) is a regional county municipality in the Lanaudière region of Quebec, Canada. The seat is L'Assomption. L'Assomption is located directly north of the city of Montreal.

It is named for the L'Assomption River, which flows through the region from the north before emptying into the Saint Lawrence River in the south of the region at Repentigny.
Claus Bech Jørgensen
Claus Bech Jørgensen (born 27 April 1976) is a Faroese former professional footballer who is a youth team coach at Danish women's team Fortuna Hjørring. Born in Denmark, he represented the Faroe Islands national team between 2004 and 2006.

He first established himself as a player in the Danish Football League with Holstebro BK, AGF Aarhus and AC Horsens, though did not make the Superliga. In 1999, he joined the Football League in England. He later made over 100 appearances for AFC Bournemouth and Blackpool, as well as more than 50 appearances for Bradford City and Coventry City. He was named Bournemouth's Player of the Year for the 1999–2000 season. He helped Blackpool to win promotion out of League One via the play-offs in 2007. He ended his career in 2010 after brief spells with Port Vale and Fleetwood Town. He went on to coach at Coventry City, Tamworth and AaB.

Dean Court
Dean Court, currently known as Vitality Stadium for sponsorship purposes, is a football stadium in Boscombe, a suburb of Bournemouth, Dorset, England, and is the home ground of AFC Bournemouth. The stadium has a capacity of 11,307.
String Duo No. 2 (Mozart)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's String Duo No. 2 in B♭ major for violin and viola, K. 424, the second of the two Mozart wrote to complete Michael Haydn's set of six for the Archbishop Colloredo, was written in the summer of 1783. See String Duo No. 1 (Mozart) for more details of the two works.

It is in three movements:

The last movement is a theme with six variations and a coda. As a whole, this duo blends in better with Haydn's four because the viola is more limited to providing harmony than in K. 423. The set of six was presented as all Haydn's, and Colloredo was unable to "detect in them Mozart's obvious workmanship."

John Irving describes both works as 'breathtaking in inventiveness', singling out in this duo 'the powerful Adagio introduction to K424, resembling at times the ‘French ouverture’ idiom; the tonal digression into the flat mediant in the development section of the ensuing Allegro; and the deft touches of melodic chromaticism that colour its siciliana slow movement.'

Köchel catalogue
The Köchel catalogue (German: Köchel-Verzeichnis) is a catalogue of compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, originally created by Ludwig Ritter von Köchel, in which the entries are abbreviated K. or KV. Its numbers reflect the ongoing task of compiling the chronology of Mozart's works, and provide a shorthand reference to the compositions. For example, according to Köchel's counting, Requiem in D minor is the 626th piece Mozart composed, thus is designated K. 626.

Köchel's original catalogue (1862) has been revised several times. Catalogue numbers from these revised editions are indicated either by parentheses or by superscript: K. 49 (47d) or K.6 47d refers to the work numbered 47d in the sixth edition. The catalog was originally chronological, though revisions made chronological ordering of Mozart's works difficult and as of 2024 a new organizational system is used for the ninth version.
West Wood Club
West Wood Club is a privately owned company which operates a chain of fitness centres in Dublin, Ireland. The first gym was founded in 1994. There are six gyms in the chain, including at Clontarf Road on the Northside, and Leopardstown and Sandymount on the Southside.

At the time of its opening, the Clontarf Road facility housed what was then the first 50-metre indoor swimming pool in Ireland. It is also home to an 11-metre indoor climbing wall. From 2003 to 2010, a visitor centre which focused on the life and works of author Bram Stoker operated from the Clontarf Road location. Stoker, who wrote the classic Dracula novel, was born nearby.

Southside, Dublin
The Southside (Irish: Taobh Ó Dheas) is the part of Dublin city that lies south of the River Liffey. It is an informal but commonly used term. In comparison to the city's Northside, it has historically been regarded as wealthier and more privileged, with several notable exceptions. Malahide, one of the wealthiest areas in Ireland, is on the Northside, for example, whereas low-income districts such as Jobstown and Sallynoggin are part of the Southside.
Frédéric Hanvi
Frédéric Hanvi (born 2 May 1989 in Senlis, France) is a French baseball player, having played for several junior national teams in France, and for several French pro teams before being scouted by Major League Baseball. He was signed to a seven-year Minor League Contract with the Minnesota Twins organization. He is the second French player to be signed to a Major League contract after Joris Bert. The Twins have also promised to free him to play with Team France during official competitions. He is currently a free agent. He played for Team France in the 2019 European Baseball Championship.

Senlis
Senlis (French pronunciation: [sɑ̃lis] ⓘ) is a commune in the northern French department of Oise, Hauts-de-France.

The monarchs of the early French dynasties lived in Senlis, attracted by the proximity of the Chantilly forest. It is known for its Gothic cathedral and other historical monuments. Its inhabitants are called "Senlisiens" and "Senlisiennes".
Immaculate Memories: The Uncluttered Worlds of Christopher Pratt
Immaculate Memories: The Uncluttered Worlds of Christopher Pratt is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Kenneth J. Harvey and released in 2018. The film profiles artist Christopher Pratt, while also interviewing his daughter Barbara Pratt, as well as Christopher's studio assistant and former wife Jeanette Meehan.

The film premiered at the Nickel Film Festival in June 2018, won the "Cineplex Odéon Quartier Latin Award for Best Canadian Work" at the International Festival of Films on Art in 2019, and aired as an episode of the CBC Television documentary series Absolutely Canadian.

The film received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Feature Length Documentary at the 7th Canadian Screen Awards in 2019.

Canadian Screen Award for Best Feature Length Documentary
The Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television presents an annual award for Best Feature Length Documentary. First presented in 1968 as part of the Canadian Film Awards, it became part of the Genie Awards in 1980 and the contemporary Canadian Screen Awards in 2013.

Under current Academy regulations, the awards for Best Feature Length Documentary and Best Short Documentary can be collapsed into a single award for Best Documentary if either category receives three or fewer eligible submissions, but remain separate if both categories surpass three submissions.
Banknotes of the Sungei Buloh Settlement
The banknotes of the Sungei Buloh Settlement were issued as leprosy colony money in 1935 and 1936, at Sungai Buloh, Selangor, British Malaya when it was a leper colony. The currency (near money, actually scrip or vouchers) was pegged to the Straits Settlements dollar. These notes are extremely scarce. They were all printed by the Survey Department, Federated Malay States. They have never been listed in the Standard Catalog of World Paper Money.

The 1936 issue are all inscribed 'SUNGEI BULOH SETTLEMENT VALID FOR GOODS WORTH (x denomination) WITHIN THE SUNGEI BULOH SETTLEMENT ONLY' in English, Chinese, Arabic, and Tamil.

Standard Catalog of World Paper Money
The Standard Catalog of World Paper Money was a well-known catalogue of banknotes that was published by Krause Publications in three volumes. These catalogues are commonly known in the numismatic trade as the Pick catalogues, as the numbering system was originally compiled by Albert Pick, but are also referred to as "Krause" or "SCWPM". Since the mid-1980s the titles have been owned by Krause Publications, and from 1994–2016 were under the editorship of George S. Cuhaj, and subsequently by Tracy L. Schmidt.
Andrzej Rej (starost)
Andrzej Rej (died 1664) was a Polish nobleman. An active Calvinist, he held the title of stolnik of Lublin. From 1659 to 1661 he served as starost of Małogoszcz. He was the great-grandson of the poet Mikołaj Rej.

Stolnik
Stolnik (Lithuanian: stalininkas, Polish: stolnik, Ukrainian: стольник, Russian: сто́льник, IPA: [ˈstolʲnʲɪk]) was a court office in Lithuania, Poland, Ukraine and Russia, responsible for serving the royal table, then an honorary court title and a district office. It approximately corresponds to English term "pantler".
Sampurna (TV series)
Sampurna is an Indian Bengali social drama web series streaming on Hoichoi. Directed by Sayantan Ghosal, the series has been written by Anuja Chatterjee along with Soumyabrata Rakshit. Produced by Follow Focus Films and Shree Venkatesh Films, the series deals with the themes of marital rape against a woman and unequal consent for the female counterpart in a marriage.

The series stars Sohini Sarkar in the titular role of "Sampurna". She plays the role of a woman who fights to protect her sister-in-law from marital rape, a largely unrecognised issue in the society. Rajnandini Paul plays a parallel lead while Anubhav Kanjilal and Prantik Chatterjee play other pivotal roles. Pravatendu Mondal did the cinematography while Subhajit Singha handled the editing. Two seasons of the series has been released and they are streaming on the Bengali OTT platform "Hoichoi".

Shree Venkatesh Films
SVF Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.  is an Indian film production and distribution company, founded by Shrikant Mohta and Mahendra Soni in 1995. Apart from producing and distributing Bengali films in West Bengal, Bangladesh, Assam and Tripura, SVF also distributes Bollywood and Hollywood films in East India. The other divisions of the company include Exhibition, TV Content Production, Digital Cinema, Music, New Media and IPR syndication. SVF was in Anandabazar Patrika's powerlist for 2008 and 2010.
Germany at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Germany competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, from 7 to 23 February 2014.
The first round of nominations was on 18 December, the second round on 23 January. Germany sent 153 athletes (76 men, 77 women). Chef de Mission was Michael Vesper. The outfitting was held in January at the Erding Air Base.

During the Games, Germany had a German House, that was located in the village of Estosadok, on the Mzymta River, 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) upstream from Krasnaya Polyana (Mountain Cluster).

German president Joachim Gauck did not attend the 2014 Winter Olympics. He has not said publicly that the decision was a political gesture.

On 21 February it was announced that biathlete Evi Sachenbacher-Stehle had tested positive for methylhexanamine and was sent home from Sochi.

Mzymta
The Mzymta (Russian: Мзы́мта; Abkhaz: Мӡы́мҭа; Adyghe: Мэзмытӏэ, Mezmytha) is a river in Northwestern Caucasus, flowing through Mostovsky District and the city of Sochi (Adlersky City District) of Krasnodar Krai, Russia. The Mzymta is the largest river in Russia emptying into the Black Sea. It is 89 kilometres (55 mi) long with a watershed of 885 square kilometres (342 sq mi). All the venues of the 2014 Winter Olympics were in the Mzymta Valley.
Papingo
Papingo (Greek: Πάπιγκο, also transcribed as Papigko, Papigo) is a former community (1919-2010) in the Ioannina regional unit, Epirus, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform (the so-called Kallikratis Law) it has become part of the municipality of Zagori, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 34.131 km2. It is located in the Vikos–Aoös National Park.

Papingo consists of two villages: Megalo Papingo (Greek: Μεγάλο Πάπιγκο) and Mikro Papingo (Greek: Μικρό Πάπιγκο), greater and lesser Papingo. Both villages are several kilometres from each other and located at the base of Mount Radovoli.

Epirus (region)
Epirus (/ɪˈpaɪrəs/ ih-PY-rəs; Greek: Ήπειρος, romanized: Ípiros, [ˈi.pi.ros]) is a traditional geographic and modern administrative region in northwestern Greece. It borders the regions of Western Macedonia and Thessaly to the east, West Greece to the south, the Ionian Sea and Ionian Islands to the west and Albania to the north. The region has an area of about 9,200 km2 (3,600 sq mi). It is part of the wider historical region of Epirus, which overlaps modern Albania and Greece but lies mostly within Greek territory.
Idalou Independent School District
Idalou Independent School District is a public school district based in Idalou, Texas (United States) that serves students in northeastern Lubbock County.

In addition to Idalou, the district includes a small section of Lubbock.

Idalou ISD has three schools, all of which share a single campus –

Idalou High School (Grades 9–12),

Idalou Middle (Grades 5–8), and

Idalou Elementary (Grades PK-4).

In 2009, the school district was rated "academically acceptable" by the Texas Education Agency.

Lubbock County, Texas
Lubbock County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. The 2020 census placed the population at 310,639. Its county seat and largest city is Lubbock. The county was created in 1876 and organized in 1891. It is named for Thomas Saltus Lubbock, a Confederate colonel and Texas Ranger (some sources give his first name as Thompson).

Lubbock County, along with Crosby County, and Lynn County, is part of the Lubbock Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). The Lubbock MSA and Levelland Micropolitan Statistical Area, encompassing only Hockley County, form the larger Lubbock–Levelland Combined Statistical Area.