hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Thomson (librarian)
John Thomson (1835–1916) was the first head librarian of the Free Library of Philadelphia.

Thomson was born in Norfolk, England and attended St. Paul's School, London.  He emigrated to the US in 1881.

Before the Free Library of Philadelphia, Thomson was the private librarian of Jay Gould and Clarence H. Clark.

When the library opened in March 1894, Thomson's mission statement was "Free Books for All".

He compiled a bibliography of all the incunabula in the US and purchased a number of rare books for the library, including Walter Arthur Copinger's collection of 500 incunabula and fourteen Portuguese antiphonaries given to the College of Saint Jerome by King John III.

He was married to Mary Ann Thomson (1834–1923), writer of Protestant hymns. They had a dozen children.

Jay Gould
Jay Gould (/ɡuːld/; May 27, 1836 – December 2, 1892) was an American railroad magnate and financial speculator who founded the Gould business dynasty. He is generally identified as one of the robber barons of the Gilded Age. His sharp and often unscrupulous business practices made him one of the wealthiest men of the late nineteenth century. Gould was an unpopular figure during his life and remains controversial.
Bowling Green, Pennsylvania
Bowling Green is an unincorporated community predominantly located in Nether Providence Township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. However, parts are also located in Upper Providence Township  and Media.  Bowling Green is located in the northwestern corner of the township, east of Media.

Media, Pennsylvania
Media is a borough in and the county seat of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located about 13 miles (21 km) west of Philadelphia. It is part of the Delaware Valley, also known as the Philadelphia metropolitan area.

Media was incorporated in 1850 at the same time that it was named the county seat. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,991.
2016 Brasil Tennis Cup
The 2016 Brasil Tennis Cup was a women's professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the fourth edition of the Brasil Tennis Cup and part of the WTA International category of the 2016 WTA Tour. It took place in Florianópolis, Brazil from July 31 to August 5, 2016. Second-seeded Irina-Camelia Begu won the singles title.

Réka Luca Jani
Réka Luca Jani (born 31 July 1991) is a Hungarian former professional tennis player.

She has won 25 singles titles and 34 doubles titles on the ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. As on 19 September 2022, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 104. On 22 August 2016, she peaked at No. 124 in the doubles rankings. Her favorite surface is clay.

Playing for Hungary Billie Jean King Cup team, Jani has a win–loss record of 30–22 (as of July 2024).
Shingus
Shengus (also known as Shingus) is a village located in Roundu District within the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan. Positioned along the Gilgit-Skardu Road, it sits approximately 53 kilometers from Skardu City.

The village lies within the Shingus pegmatite region, one of Pakistan’s most extensive pegmatite zones. This area holds significant geological importance due to its position on the Indo-Pakistan plate, situated in a subduction zone where Precambrian gneisses of the Nanga Parbat complex override Cretaceous amphibole-pyroxene granulites from the Kohistan island arc.

Shengus has cold winters and cool summers, like most places in Gilgit-Baltistan. Most people there are from the Shina tribe. Some also speak Balti because the village is close to Skardu and people have moved there from nearby areas.

S-1 Strategic Highway
Strategic Highway 1 (S-1), also known as the Gilgit–Skardu Road (Balti: སྐར་མདོ་གིལགིཏ་རྒྱ་ལམ) or Skardu Road, is a 167-kilometre-long (104 mi) highway in Pakistan that links the cities of Gilgit and Skardu in Gilgit−Baltistan. It was constructed by the Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers and the Association of Chinese Engineers from 1970 to 1982.
Varavu Nalla Uravu
Varavu Nalla Uravu (transl. Good family relations are valued) is a 1990 Indian Tamil-language drama film, written and directed by Visu and produced by Kavithalayaa Productions. The film stars Visu, Annapoorna, Rekha, Vidhyashree, Kishmu and Ilavarasan. It is about two contrasting families whose patriarchs are best friends. While one family is a happy one to start with, the other is a machine-like family devoid of love.

Varavu Nalla Uravu is loosely based on the 1937 film Make Way for Tomorrow, and was remade into Telugu as Dabbu Bhale Jabbu, in Malayalam as Achan Kombathu Amma Varampathu and in Bengali Bangladesh as Amader Sontan. The film was released on 14 April 1990, and won Visu the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Story Writer.

Rekha Harris
Sumathi Josephine, better known by her stage name Rekha, is an Indian actress who predominantly works in Tamil and Malayalam films. She also starred in a few Telugu and Kannada films.She was one of the contestants of Bigg Boss Tamil Season 4.
Stan Moody
Stan Moody (born 14 September 2006) is a British professional snooker player from Halifax, West Yorkshire. In February 2023 he won the WSF World Junior Championship, and with it earned a two-year card on the World Snooker Tour starting with the 2023–24 snooker season.

Halifax, West Yorkshire
Halifax is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale, in West Yorkshire, England. It is in the eastern foothills of the Pennines. In the 15th century, the town became an economic hub of the old West Riding of Yorkshire, primarily in woollen manufacture with the large Piece Hall square later built for trading wool in the town centre. The town was a thriving mill town during the Industrial Revolution with the Dean Clough Mill buildings a surviving landmark. In the 2021 census, the town was recorded as having a population of 88,134. It is also the administrative centre of the Calderdale Metropolitan Borough.
2013 Tevlin Women's Challenger – Doubles
Gabriela Dabrowski and Alla Kudryavtseva were the defending champions, having won the event in 2012. Kudryavtseva decided not to participate and Dabrowski partnered with Allie Will but lost in the quarterfinals.

Françoise Abanda and Victoria Duval won the title, defeating Melanie Oudin and Jessica Pegula in the final, 7–6(7–5), 2–6, [11–9].

Alla Kudryavtseva
Alla Alexandrovna Kudryavtseva (Алла Александровна Кудрявцева; born 3 November 1987) is a retired Russian tennis player.

Kudryavtseva won one singles title and nine doubles titles on the WTA Tour, as well as two singles titles and 15 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 4 October 2010, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 56. On 8 September 2014, she peaked at No. 15 in the WTA doubles rankings. On 2 November 2021, Kudryavtseva announced on Instagram that she had retired from the sport.
Hans Raj Mahila Maha Vidyalaya
Hans Raj Mahila Maha Vidyalaya is a college in Jalandhar, Punjab. The college was founded by Mahatma Hansraj Mahila in 1927 in Lahore, Pakistan. After the partition of India and Pakistan the school moved to Jalandhar in 1948. The first class consisted of about 80 students compared to 4,650 students in the current class.

The college is managed by the D.A.V. College Managing Committee (DAVMC).currently principal of college is Mrs. Ajay sareen.

Jalandhar
Jalandhar (IPA: /d͡ʒəːləndə̀ɾᵊ/) is a city in the state of Punjab in India. With a considerable population, it ranks as the third most-populous city in the state and is the largest city in the Doaba region. Jalandhar lies alongside the historical Grand Trunk Road and is a well-connected junction for both rail and road networks. The National Highway 1 (NH1), crosses Jalandhar, further enhancing its connectivity.
Astylosternus laticephalus
Astylosternus laticephalus is a species of frog native to Ghana and Ivory Coast. It lives in forests and wetlands in an elevation range of 35 to 170 m (115 to 558 ft). It's listed as a Near Threatened species by the IUCN Red List. It was scientifically described in 2012.

Near-threatened species
A near-threatened species is a species which has been categorized as "Near Threatened" (NT) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as that may be vulnerable to endangerment in the near future, but it does not currently qualify for the threatened status.

The IUCN notes the importance of reevaluating near-threatened taxa at appropriate intervals.

The rationale used for near-threatened taxa usually includes the criteria of vulnerable which are plausible or nearly met, such as reduction in numbers or range. Those designated since 2001 that depend on conservation efforts to not become threatened are no longer separately considered conservation-dependent species.
1937 York by-election
The 1937 York by-election was held on 6 May 1937.  The by-election was held due to the elevation to the peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP, Lawrence Lumley.  It was won by the Conservative candidate Charles Wood.

York (UK Parliament constituency)
York was a constituency represented in the Parliament of England from 1265 until 1707, in the Parliament of Great Britain until 1801, and in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom until 2010. It elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) until 1918, and one thereafter under the first-past-the-post system of election. From 1997 to 2010 it was known as City of York.
HhMAN1
HhMAN1 is a gene in the genome of Hypothenemus hampei, a.k.a. coffee berry borer, which codes for mannanase, an enzyme used to digest galactomannan, a complex polysaccharide that is found in coffee beans. Because mannanase is not commonly found in similar beetles, and the characteristic of the gene is bacterial, the gene is thought to have originated from bacteria in the beetle's gut, and transposed to the beetle's genome through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Although horizontal gene transfer from bacteria to eukaryotes have been known to occur, albeit rarely, the HhMAN1 is the first to have a known and beneficial function to the recipient.

Hypothenemus hampei
Hypothenemus hampei, the coffee berry borer, is a small beetle native to Africa. It is the most harmful insect pest of coffee worldwide. Spanish common names of the insect include barrenador del café (coffee borer), gorgojo del café (coffee weevil), and broca del café (coffee drill).
Hamilton Skyhawks
The Hamilton Skyhawks were a Canadian professional Basketball Team out of Hamilton, Ontario formed in 1992.

They were a professional basketball franchise based in Hamilton, Ontario that played in the World Basketball League and the National Basketball League in 1992 and 1993. The team joined the WBL as an expansion team for the 1992 season. However, the WBL folded before completion of that season. Some of the Canadian WBL teams, including the Skyhawks, formed their own league for 1993 called the National Basketball League. The Skyhawks did not complete that season either, moving to Edmonton, Alberta before the 1993 NBL playoffs.

The Skyhawks home court was the Copps Coliseum.

World Basketball League
World Basketball League (WBL) was a minor professional basketball league in the United States and Canada which operated from 1988 to 1992. It was founded as the International Basketball Association in November 1987, before changing its name prior to the 1988 season.  One of the major differences between it and other leagues was that it had a height restriction.  Players over 6 ft 5 in (1.95 m) were not allowed to play; this restriction was raised to 6 ft 7 in (2.0 m) in 1991.
Spufford
Spufford is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Francis Spufford (born 1964), English author and teacher of writing

Margaret Spufford (1935–2014), British historian and academic

Peter Spufford (1934–2017), British historian and academic

Margaret Spufford
Honor Margaret Spufford, OBE, FBA (née Clark; 10 December 1935 – 6 March 2014), known as Margaret Spufford, was a British academic and historian. She was Professor of Social and Local History at the University of Roehampton from 1994 to 2001.
Vijayan K. Pillai
Vijayan Kumara Pillai, Ph.D. (born c. 1948), is a sociologist and professor at the School of Social Work in the University of Texas at Arlington. He is an Honorary Adjunct Professor at Amrita University.

He received his Ph.D. from the University of Iowa in 1983, with a thesis titled "Determinants of the first birth interval." Before joining the University of Texas at Arlington, he taught at the University of North Texas, University of Iowa, and University of Zambia. He has published over 170 papers and book chapters, and co-authored or edited fourteen books. Some of his research interests are the accessibility of health services in developing countries, women's rights and reproductive health, social development, sustainability, adolescent health and sexual behavior, acute malnutrition, and stunting. He is a referee to over fifty academic journals on sociology and related topics.

University of Zambia
The University of Zambia (UNZA) is Zambia's largest and oldest learning institution. The university was established in 1965 and officially opened to the public on 12 July 1966. The language of instruction is English.
Former Residence of Lu Xun
The Former Residence of Lu Xun can refer to any of the following places which the Chinese writer Lu Xun had lived in, including the following:

Former Residence of Lu Xun (Shanghai)

Former Residence of Lu Xun (Beijing)

Beijing Lu Xun Museum
The Beijing Lu Xun Museum (Chinese: 北京鲁迅博物馆) is a museum in Fucheng Gate Avenue, Beijing, China. The buildings in which the museum situated at was Lu Xun's former Beijing residence.  The writer's house museum was established in 1956.  The museum is dedicated to Lu Xun's life and achievements and features large quantities of scripts, photos, pictures related to Lu. In addition to materials related to Lu Xun, the museum contains a large collection of artworks.
Grade I listed buildings in Gwynedd
In the United Kingdom, the term listed building refers to a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural, historical, or cultural significance; Grade I structures are those considered to be "buildings of exceptional interest". Listing was begun by a provision in the Town and Country Planning Act 1947. Once listed, strict limitations are imposed on the modifications allowed to a building's structure or fittings. In Wales, the authority for listing under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 rests with Cadw.

Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990
The Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 (c. 9) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that altered the laws on granting of planning permission for building works, notably including those of the listed building system in England and Wales.

The act no longer has effect in Wales, its provisions having been repealed and replaced there by the Historic Environment (Wales) Act 2023.
Kundryak
Kundryak (Russian: Кундряк; Bashkir: Күндерәк, Künderäk) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Kundryaksky Selsoviet, Sterlibashevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 321 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

Sterlibashevsky District
Sterlibashevsky District (Russian: Стерлиба́шевский райо́н; Bashkir and Tatar: Стәрлебаш районы, Stärlebaş rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Miyakinsky District in the north, Sterlitamaksky District in the northeast and east, Meleuzovsky District in the southeast, Fyodorovsky District in the south, and with Orenburg Oblast in the west. The area of the district is 1,609 square kilometers (621 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Sterlibashevo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 20,217, with the population of Sterlibashevo accounting for 29.3% of that number.
USS PGM-2
USS PGM-2 was a PGM-1 class motor gunboat that served in the United States Navy during World War II.  She was originally laid down as an SC-497 class submarine chaser on 16 July 1942 by the Robinson Marine in Benton Harbor, Michigan, and launched on 17 June 1943.  She was commissioned as USS SC-757 on 12 August 1943.  She was later converted to a PGM-1 class motor gunboat and renamed PGM-2 on 10 December 1943.  After the war, she was sold and transferred to the Foreign Liquidations Commission at Subic Bay, Philippines on 20 May 1947.  Her exact fate is unknown.

Submarine chaser
A submarine chaser or subchaser is a type of small naval vessel that is specifically intended for anti-submarine warfare. They encompass designs that are now largely obsolete, but which played an important role in the wars of the first half of the 20th century. Many of the American submarine chasers used in World War I found their way to Allied nations by way of Lend-Lease in World War II.
St Andrews Castle
St Andrews Castle is a ruin located in the coastal Royal Burgh of St Andrews in Fife, Scotland. The castle sits on a rocky promontory overlooking a small beach called Castle Sands and the adjoining North Sea. There has been a castle standing at the site since the times of Bishop Roger (1189–1202), son of the Earl of Leicester. It housed the burgh’s wealthy and powerful bishops while St Andrews served as the ecclesiastical centre of Scotland during the years before the Protestant Reformation. In their Latin charters, the Archbishops of St Andrews wrote of the castle as their palace, signing, "apud Palatium nostrum."

The castle's grounds are now maintained by Historic Environment Scotland as a scheduled monument. The site is entered through a visitor centre with displays on its history. Some of the best surviving carved fragments from the castle are displayed in the centre, which also has a shop.

Promontory
A promontory is a raised mass of land that projects into a lowland or a body of water (in which case it is a peninsula). Most promontories either are formed from a hard ridge of rock that has resisted the erosive forces that have removed the softer rock to the sides of it, or are the high ground that remains between two river valleys where they form a confluence. One type of promontory is a headland, or head.
Chaldean Catholic Archeparchy of Urmia
The Chaldean Catholic Archeparchy of Urmiā (also spelled Urmia or called Rezayeh; informally called Urmyā of the Chaldeans) is a Metropolitan archeparchy (Eastern Catholic archdiocese) of the Chaldean Catholic Church (Syro-Oriental Rite in Syriac language) with episcopal see in Urmia, West Azerbaijan Province, north-west Iran.

Its cathedral archiepiscopal see is the Cathedral of St. Mary the Mother of God, in Urmia, Iran.

Eparchy
Eparchy (Greek: ἐπαρχία eparchía "overlordship") is an ecclesiastical unit in Eastern Christianity that is equivalent to a diocese in Western Christianity. An eparchy is governed by an eparch, who is a bishop. Depending on the administrative structure of a specific Eastern Church, an eparchy can belong to an ecclesiastical province (usually a metropolis), but it can also be exempt. Each eparchy is divided into parishes, in the same manner as a diocese in Western Churches. Historical development of eparchies in various Eastern Churches was marked by local distinctions that can be observed in modern ecclesiastical practices of the Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches and Eastern Catholic Churches.
Tesař
Tesař (feminine: Tesařová) is a Czech occupational surname literally meaning "carpenter". Notable people include:

Heinz Tesar (1939–2024), Austrian architect

Jan Tesař (athlete) (born 1990), Czech sprinter

Jan Tesař (historian) (1933–2025), Czech historian and writer

Jaroslav Tesař (born 1986), Czech footballer

Linda Tesar (born c. 1961), American economist

Lubor Tesař (born 1971), Czech cyclist

Paul J. Tesar, American developmental biologist

Pavel Tesař (born 1967), Czech cyclist

Zdeněk Tesař (born 1964), Czech speedway rider

Paul J. Tesar
Paul J. Tesar is an American developmental biologist. He is the Dr. Donald and Ruth Weber Goodman Professor of Innovative Therapeutics at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine. His research is focused on regenerative medicine.
1878 New Ross by-election
The 1878 New Ross by-election was fought on 17 December 1878.  The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent Home Rule MP, John Dunbar.  It was won by the Conservative candidate Charles George Tottenham.

Home Rule League
The Home Rule League (1873–1882), sometimes called the Home Rule Party, was an Irish political party which campaigned for home rule for Ireland within  the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, until it was replaced by the Irish Parliamentary Party. The Home Rule Confederation of Great Britain was a sister organisation in Great Britain.
Cameron Mason
Cameron Mason (born 18 August 2000) is a British cyclist, who competes in cyclo-cross, gravel, road racing and mountain bike.  He currently races for UCI cyclo-cross team The Cyclocross Reds and is part of the development Alpecin–Deceuninck WorldTour Team on the road. His most notable achievement was coming 2nd in the men's elite race at the UEC European Cyclo-cross Championships in Pontchâteau, France in November 2023. He previously rode from 2019 to 2023 for Trinity Racing. He also runs a YouTube channel where he documents his races and the cyclocross scene.

Alpecin–Premier Tech
Alpecin– Premier Tech (UCI team code: APT) is a UCI WorldTeam cycling team that is based in Belgium. It competes both in the road and cyclo-cross seasons. The leaders of the team have in the past been cyclo-cross world champion Niels Albert, Philipp Walsleben and Radomír Šimůnek. The team's current lead rider is the cyclocross and road world champion and multiple monuments winner Mathieu van der Poel.
Mafia!
Mafia!, also known as Jane Austen's Mafia!, is a 1998 American crime parody film directed by Jim Abrahams and starring Jay Mohr, Lloyd Bridges (in one of his final films), Olympia Dukakis and Christina Applegate. It was Abrahams’ final directorial effort before his death in 2024.

The film spoofs Francis Ford Coppola's Godfather series and various other mafia films, notably Martin Scorsese's Casino (1995). It also parodies films in other genres, ranging from Forrest Gump to Il Postino and The English Patient.

In the film, a Korean War veteran avenges an assassination attempt on his crime boss father. The veteran subsequently manages a casino in Las Vegas, until surviving another assassination attempt. He sets out to gain vengeance, and to regain the love of his ex-girlfriend. By that point his girlfriend had been elected as the President of the United States, and he has to convince her to postpone her plans for world peace.

World peace
World peace is the concept of an ideal state of peace within and among all people and nations on Earth. Different cultures, religions, philosophies, and organizations have varying concepts on how such a state would come about.

Various religious and secular organizations have the stated aim of achieving world peace through addressing human rights, technology, education, engineering, medicine, or diplomacy used as an end to all forms of fighting. Since 1945, the United Nations and the five permanent members of its Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) have operated under the aim to resolve conflicts without war. Nonetheless, nations have entered numerous military conflicts since then.