hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Old Castle (Koblenz)
The Old Castle (German: Alte Burg) was a former Elector-owned, substantial water castle in the German city of Koblenz, incepted in the 13th century. It is today reduced to the later Burghaus (castle house); which houses the city archives.  It sits on tall foundations and has a tall, black slate roof with further floors in the attic and two small cupolas. The lowland castle abutted the remaining building in the old town quarter.  The castle house stands tall, next to the Moselle's right-bank towpath downstream of the strategic Baldwin Bridge (lowest crossing of the river) built in 1342.  The bridge, much-repaired, remains intact.

Koblenz
Koblenz (UK: /koʊˈblɛnts/ koh-BLENTS, US: /ˈkoʊblɛnts/ KOH-blents, German: [ˈkoːblɛnts] ⓘ; Moselle Franconian: Kowelenz) is a city in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, on the banks of the rivers Rhine (Middle Rhine) and Moselle, a multinational tributary.

Koblenz was established as a Roman military post by Drusus c. 8 BC. Its name originates from the Latin (ad) cōnfluentēs, meaning "(at the) confluence". The actual confluence is today known as the "German Corner", a symbol of the unification of Germany that features an equestrian statue of Emperor William I. The city celebrated its 2,000th anniversary in 1992.

The city ranks as the third-largest city by population in Rhineland-Palatinate, behind Mainz and Ludwigshafen am Rhein, with 115,298 residents (as of 2023). Koblenz lies in a narrow flood plain between high hill ranges, some reaching mountainous height, and is served by an express rail and autobahn network. It is part of the populous Rhineland.
Staurophora celsia
Staurophora celsia is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species can be found in Central Europe.

The wingspan is 36–46 mm.

The larvae feed on various grasses, such as  Calamagrostis epigejos, Deschampsia cespitosa, Nardus stricta and Anthoxanthum odoratum.

Anthoxanthum odoratum
Anthoxanthum odoratum is a short-lived perennial grass, commonly known as sweet vernal grass, that is native to acidic grassland in Eurasia and northern Africa. It is grown as a lawn grass and a house plant, due to its sweet scent, and can also be found on unimproved pastures and meadows. The specific epithet odoratum is Latin for 'odorous'.
Clerical collaboration with communist secret services
Clerical collaboration with communist secret services occurred in some Eastern European countries during the Cold War. There were multiple reasons why certain clergy members chose to take this course of action. Some hoped to provide services to the government in exchange for a reversal of policies persecuting Christians. Others wished to buy favors from the authorities in order to advance their own careers, since the authorities could influence promotions within the Church hierarchies. Finally, there are claims that some clergy members were secret service agents from the beginning, working undercover.

Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus'
The Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus' (Russian: Патриарх Московский и всея Руси, romanized: Patriarkh Moskovskiy i vseya Rusi), also known as the Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia, is the title of the primate of the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC). It is often preceded by the honorific "His Holiness". As the ordinary of the diocese of Moscow, the office holder's direct canonical remit extends only to Moscow; however, as the patriarch, the office holder has a number of church-wide administrative powers as laid down by the charter of the ROC.

The patriarchate was established in 1589 when the status of the Russian metropolitan was elevated, with Job becoming the first patriarch. The patriarchate was abolished in 1721 by Peter the Great and replaced with the Most Holy Synod as the supreme governing body of the ROC, before being restored on 10 November [O.S. 28 October] 1917, by decision of the All-Russian Local Council. The current patriarch is Kirill, who acceded to the position in 2009.
Lithgow baronets
The Lithgow Baronetcy, of Ormsary in the County of Argyll, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 1 July 1925 for the Scottish shipbuilder James Lithgow. As of 2022 the title is held by his grandson, the third Baronet, who succeeded in 2022.

The family seat is Ormsary, Lochgilphead, Argyll.

Lochgilphead
Lochgilphead (/lɒxˈɡɪlphɛd/; Scottish Gaelic: Ceann Loch Gilb [kʲʰan̪ˠ l̪ˠɔx ˈkʲilip]) is a town and former burgh in Argyll and Bute, Scotland, with a population of around 2,300 people. It is the administrative centre of Argyll and Bute Council. The village lies at the end of Loch Gilp (a branch of Loch Fyne) and lies on the banks of the Crinan Canal. Lochgilphead sits on the A83, with Ardrishaig 2 miles (3 km) to the south and Inveraray 24 miles (39 km) to the north-east; Oban lies 37 miles (60 km) north on the A816.

The council is based at Kilmory Castle, around which is located a woodland park and an Iron Age fort. Forestry and Land Scotland also have an office there.
Texas Penal Code
The Texas Penal Code  is the principal criminal code of the U.S. state of Texas. It was originally enacted in 1856 and underwent substantial revision in 1973, with the passage of the Revised Penal Code, in large part based on the American Law Institute's Model Penal Code.

Electronic article surveillance
Electronic article surveillance (EAS) is a type of system used to prevent shoplifting from retail stores, pilferage of books from libraries, or unwanted removal of properties from office buildings. EAS systems typically consist of two components: EAS antennas and EAS tags or labels. EAS tags are attached to merchandise; these tags can only be removed or deactivated by employees when the item is properly purchased or checked out. If merchandise bearing an active tag passes by an antenna installed at an entrance/exit, an alarm sounds alerting staff that merchandise is leaving the store unauthorized. Some stores also have antennas at entrances to restrooms to deter shoppers from taking unpaid-for merchandise into the restroom where they could remove the tags.
Mary Gormley
Mary Gormley (born c. 1983) is a Northern Irish model and beauty pageant titleholder.

In 2004, Gormley competed in Miss Northern Ireland and placed third. Due to Gormley's dual citizenship (UK & Ireland), she was able to win the Irish national title of Miss Universe Ireland. She competed as Miss Ireland in Miss Universe 2005, an international beauty competition won by Canada's Natalie Glebova.

Gormley works for the ACA Model Agency in Belfast and has a contract with 1st Option Model Agency in Dublin.

Miss Universe 2005
Miss Universe 2005 was the 54th Miss Universe pageant, held at the Impact Arena in Nonthaburi Province, Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand, on 31 May 2005.

At the end of the event, Jennifer Hawkins of Australia crowned Natalie Glebova of Canada as Miss Universe 2005. It is Canada's first victory in twenty-three years, and the second victory in the pageant's history.

Contestants from eighty-one countries and territories competed in this year's pageant. The competition was hosted by Billy Bush and Nancy O'Dell.
Theuthild
Abbess Theuthild (or Theuthilde, or Thiathildis) was a ninth-century abbess of the important convent of Remiremont in the Vosges. According to Michele Gaillard, Theuthild was responsible for a process of reform at the convent.

Six of her letters survive, showing her correspondence with Emperor Louis the Pious, the Empress Judith and other high-ranking magnates. The letters are now copied in a ninth-century manuscript in Zurich (Zentralbibliothek Rh. 131). In the letter to Louis, Theuthild declared that she and her sisters had performed 800 masses, and sung the psalter a thousand times, for the sake of his soul and the souls of his family.

She is also associated with the compilation of the Liber Memorialis of Remiremont.

Theuthild is thought to have died around 865.

Judith of Bavaria (died 843)
Judith of Bavaria (c. 797-805 – 19 April 843) was the Carolingian empress as the second wife of Louis the Pious. Marriage to Louis marked the beginning of her rise as an influential figure in the Carolingian court. She had two children with Louis, Gisela and Charles the Bald. The birth of her son led to a major dispute over the imperial succession, and tensions between her and Charles' half-brothers from Louis' first marriage. She eventually fell from grace when Charles' wife, Ermentrude of Orléans, rose to power. She was buried in 843 in Tours.
1991 Waterford County Council election
An election to Waterford County Council took place on 27 June 1991 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 23 councillors were elected from four local electoral areas (LEAs) for a five-year term of office on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV). This term was extended twice, first to 1998, then to 1999.

Local electoral area
A local electoral area (LEA; Irish: toghlimistéar áitiúil) is an electoral area for elections to local authorities in Ireland. All elections use the single transferable vote. Ireland is divided into 166 LEAs, with an average population of 28,700 and average area of 423.3 square kilometres (163.4 sq mi). The boundaries of LEAs are determined by order of the Minister for Housing, Local Government and Heritage, usually based on lower-level units called electoral divisions (EDs), with a total of 3,440 EDs in the state.

As well as their use for electoral purposes, LEAs are local administrative units in Eurostat NUTS classification. They are used in local numbers of cases of COVID-19.
Izvoarele Sucevei
Izvoarele Sucevei (Ukrainian: Ізвори, Izvory; German: Iswor) is a commune located in Suceava County, Bukovina, northeastern Romania. It is composed of three villages: namely Bobeica, Brodina (also called Brodina de Sus), and Izvoarele Sucevei.

The commune is located in the northwestern part of the county, on the border with Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine. The Suceava River arises from the nearby Obcina Mestecăniș Mountains, and flows south to north through the commune. The river Brodina flows though the village of Brodina de Sus,  discharging into the Suceava in the nearby Brodina commune.

At the 2011 census, 54.7% of inhabitants were Ukrainians and 45.2% Romanians. At the 2002 census, 73.9% were Eastern Orthodox, 23.2% stated they belonged to another religion, and 2.7% were Seventh-day Adventist.

Romanian Union Conference of Seventh-day Adventists
The Romanian Union Conference of Seventh-day Adventists (Romanian: Uniunea de Conferințe a Bisericii Adventiste de Ziua a Șaptea din România) is Romania's seventh-largest religious body, part of the worldwide Seventh-day Adventist Church. At the 2011 census, 85,902 Romanians declared themselves to be Seventh-Day Adventists. The church put its own membership at 62,215 in 2020. Ethnically, in 2002, they were 83.5% Romanians, 9.7% Hungarians, 4.9% Roma, 1.4% Ukrainians and 0.5% belonged to other groups. The denomination has 1,185 church buildings and some 340 pastors. It originates in the 19th century and is divided into six local conferences, standing for and named after some of the country's main historical regions: Banat, Northern Transylvania, Southern Transylvania, Moldavia, Muntenia and Oltenia.
Brno-Country District
Brno-Country District (Czech: okres Brno-venkov) is a district in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. Its capital is the city of Brno. The most populated town of the district is Kuřim. The district is made up of 187 municipalities, which is the highest number within all districts of the Czech Republic.

South Moravian Region
The South Moravian Region (Czech: Jihomoravský kraj; German: Südmährische Region, pronounced [zyːtˈmɛːʁɪʃə ʁeˈɡi̯oːn]; Slovak: Juhomoravský kraj), or just South Moravia, is an administrative unit (kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the south-western part of its historical region of Moravia. The region's capital is Brno, the nation's 2nd largest city. South Moravia is bordered by the South Bohemian Region to the west, Vysočina Region to the north-west, Pardubice Region to the north, Olomouc Region to the north-east, Zlín Region to the east, Trenčín and Trnava Regions, Slovakia to the south-east and Lower Austria, Austria to the south.
Wuhu railway station
Wuhu railway station (Chinese: 芜湖站) is a railway station in Jinghu District, Wuhu, Anhui, China. It is situated at the intersection of multiple conventional and high-speed lines.

The station is the northern terminus of the Anhui–Jiangxi railway and the southern terminus of the Huainan railway and the Nanjing-Wuhu Railway . It is a stop on the Nanjing–Tongling railway, the Nanjing–Anqing intercity railway, and the Shangqiu–Hangzhou high-speed railway.

Nanjing–Tongling railway
Nanjing–Tongling railway or Ningtong railway (simplified Chinese: 宁铜铁路; traditional Chinese: 寧銅鐵路; pinyin: níngtóng tiělù), is a single-track railroad in eastern China between Nanjing in Jiangsu Province and Tongling in Anhui Province.  The line is 208 km (129 mi) long.  Major towns along route include Nanjing, Maanshan, Wuhu and Tongling. With the opening of the parallel Nanjing–Anqing intercity railway in 2015, the line is mostly used for freight traffic.
Viterbo Papacy
With a long history as a vantage point for anti-popes forces threatening Rome, Viterbo became a papal city in 1243. During the later thirteenth century, the ancient Italian city of Viterbo was the site of five papal elections and the residence of seven popes and their Curias, and it remains the location of four papal tombs. These popes resided in the Palazzo dei Papi di Viterbo alongside the Viterbo Cathedral intermittently for two decades, from 1257 to 1281; as a result, the papal palace in Viterbo, with that in Orvieto, are the most extensive thirteenth-century papal palaces to have survived.

Shifting political and economic alliances pushed and pulled various popes of that century from Rome, taking refuge in other, not invariably hospitable, Italian city-states like Perugia and Orvieto. The primary cleavage in these divisions was between the Angevin and Hohenstaufen claimants to the title of Holy Roman Emperor, whom the pope could crown.

Capetian House of Anjou
The Capetian House of Anjou, or House of Anjou-Sicily was a royal house and cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty. It is one of three separate royal houses referred to as Angevin, meaning "from Anjou" in France. Founded by Charles I of Anjou, the youngest son of Louis VIII of France, the Capetian king first ruled the Kingdom of Sicily during the 13th century. The War of the Sicilian Vespers later forced him out of the island of Sicily, leaving him with the southern half of the Italian Peninsula, known as the Kingdom of Naples. The house and its various branches would go on to influence much of the history of Southern and Central Europe during the Middle Ages until it became extinct in 1435.

Historically, the house ruled the Counties of Anjou, Maine, Touraine, Provence and Forcalquier; the Principalities of Achaea and Taranto; and the Kingdoms of Sicily, Naples, Hungary, Croatia, Albania and Poland.
Air Uganda
Meridiana Africa Airlines (Uganda) Limited, trading as Air Uganda, was a privately owned airline in Uganda from 2007 to 2014. It suspended its operations when the Uganda Civil Aviation Authority (UCAA) revoked the airline's air operator's certificate.

Air Uganda had been widely recognized as the national carrier since the collapse of Uganda Airlines in May 2001.

Headquartered in Kampala, with its operations base at Entebbe International Airport, Air Uganda used three aircraft to operate scheduled flights between Entebbe and various destinations in eastern and central Africa.

Air operator's certificate
An air operator's certificate (AOC) is the approval granted by a civil aviation authority (CAA) to an aircraft operator to allow it to use aircraft for commercial air transport purposes. This requires the operator to have personnel, assets and systems in place to ensure the safety of its employees and of the flying public. The certificate lists the approved aircraft types, each registration number approved to fly, the approved flying purpose, and in what area the holder may operate (such as specific airports or geographic region).
Bokermannohyla juiju
Bokermannohyla juiju is a frog in the family Hylidae.  It is endemic to Bahia, Brazil.

This frog has a more slender body than other frogs in its species group and lacks the dark transverse bars on its limbs.  It is the first frog in the genus Bokermannohyla to be reported to have a mental gland.

Hylidae
Hylidae is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic.
Joseph Lofthouse Jr.
Joseph Lofthouse Jr. (1880–1962) was an Anglican bishop in the 20th century.

Lofthouse was born on 17 March 1880. He was educated at the University of Toronto and ordained in 1907. He was Incumbent of St James' Rainy River then a canon of St Alban's Pro-Cathedral, Keewatin, then a domestic and examining chaplain to the Bishop of Keewatin and Archdeacon of Kenora before succeeding him in 1938.

Lofthouse retired in 1953 and died on 13 July 1962.

Rainy River, Ontario
Rainy River is a town in north-western Ontario, Canada, southeast of Lake of the Woods. Rainy River is situated on the eponymous Rainy River, which forms part of the Ontario–Minnesota segment of the Canada–US border. Across the river is the town of Baudette, Minnesota. The two towns are connected by the Baudette – Rainy River International Bridge. Rainy River is at the northwestern terminus of Highway 11.

Rainy River was frequently thought to have been the northwestern terminus of Yonge Street (which runs north from Toronto) due to it being incorrectly thought as being synonymous with the entire length of Highway 11. Because of this incorrect conflation, Yonge Street was considered the longest street in the world and was listed as such in the Guinness Book of World Records until 1999. Highway 11 is named Atwood Avenue through Rainy River, although the town and the City of Toronto both maintain commemorative markers at each end.
Doolough
Doolough (Irish: Dumha Locha, meaning 'black lake') is a coastal townland covering an area of approximately 2,493 acres (10 km2) in the parish of Kiltane, Erris in north County Mayo, Ireland. It is southeast of Belmullet town and is part of the Mayo Gaeltacht.

Gaeltacht
A Gaeltacht (/ˈɡeɪltəxt/ GAYL-təkht, Irish: [ˈɡeːl̪ˠt̪ˠəxt̪ˠ], pl. Gaeltachtaí) is a district of Ireland, either individually or collectively, where the Irish government recognises that the Irish language is the predominant vernacular, or language of the home.
The Gaeltacht districts were first officially recognised during the 1920s in the early years of the Irish Free State, following the Gaelic revival, as part of a government policy aimed at restoring the Irish language.

The Gaeltacht is threatened by serious language decline. Research published in 2015 showed that Irish is spoken on a daily basis by two-thirds or more of the population in only 21 of the 155 electoral divisions in the Gaeltacht. Daily language use by two-thirds or more of the population is regarded by some academics as a tipping point for language survival.
Martine Abdallah-Pretceille
Martine Abdallah-Pretceille is a French scholar who has contributed to renewing thinking on interculturality since the 1980s. She is professor emeritus at the University of Paris VIII and was made Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur in 2009.

She wrote a PhD under the guidance of Louis Porcher.

Interculturalism
Interculturalism is a political movement that supports cross-cultural dialogue and challenging self-segregation tendencies within cultures. Interculturalism involves moving beyond mere passive acceptance of multiple cultures existing in a society and instead promotes dialogue and interaction between cultures. Interculturalism is often used to describe the set of relations between indigenous and western ideals, grounded in values of mutual respect.
2025 University of Cambridge Chancellor election
The 2025 University of Cambridge election for the position of Chancellor was announced after the resignation of the incumbent, David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville. Chris Smith, Baron Smith of Finsbury was elected. The results were announced on 23 July 2025.

Nominations for the role closed on 2 May 2025. The term for the new Chancellor will be ten years; previous occupants of the role were appointed for life. Previous holders of the role include Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh; former Prime Ministers Stanley Baldwin, Arthur Balfour and Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton; and Nobel Laureates Edgar Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian and John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh.

Edgar Adrian
Edgar Douglas Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian OM FRS (30 November 1889 – 4 August 1977) was an English electrophysiologist and recipient of the 1932 Nobel Prize for Physiology, won jointly with Sir Charles Sherrington for work on the function of neurons. He provided experimental evidence for the all-or-none law of nerves.
Vigatec (Chile)
Vigatec is a Chilean corporation founded in 1980. The company headquarters is in Santiago de Chile, and it has subsidiaries in Ecuador, Bolivia and Brazil. Vigatec currently has about 200 employees.

Vigatec has several products and services:

The reselling and marketing of various types of plastic cards (like: ATM cards, various credit cards, phone cards, loyalty program cards, etc.).

Mail handling equipment.

Control & security systems.

Packaging equipment.

In Chile, Vigatec is the exclusive reseller of the following brands: Datacard, Pitney Bowes, Kyocera Mita, Rexel, Tempo, Mach, Linear, Synel, Secom, and Thermo Electron.

Packaging
Packaging is the science, art, and technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. Packaging also refers to the process of designing, evaluating, and producing packages. Packaging can be described as a coordinated system of preparing goods for transport, warehousing, logistics, sale, and end use. Packaging contains, protects, preserves, transports, informs, and sells. In many countries it is fully integrated into government, business, institutional, industrial, and for personal use.

Package labeling (American English) or labelling (British English) is any written, electronic, or graphic communication on the package or on a separate but associated label. Many countries or regions have regulations governing the content of package labels. Merchandising, branding, and persuasive graphics are not covered in this article.
Xiao Zhao (crater)
Xiao Zhao crater is small in comparison with many other craters on Mercury. However, Xiao Zhao's long bright rays make it a readily visible feature. The fresh, bright rays, which were created by material ejected outward during the impact event that formed the crater, indicate that Xiao Zhao is a relatively young crater on Mercury's surface.

Hollows are present within Xiao Zhao and on the ejecta blanket near the rim.  A confirmed dark spot is present in Xiao Zhao.  This dark spot is associated with the hollows.

Xiao Zhao was named by the IAU in 2008 after the 12th-century Chinese painter Xiao Zhao.

Xiao Zhao is located near Eastman crater.

Ejecta
Ejecta (Latin for 'things thrown out'; sing. ejectum) are particles ejected from an area. In volcanology, in particular, the term refers to particles including pyroclastic materials (tephra) that came out of a volcanic explosion and magma eruption volcanic vent, or crater, has traveled through the air or water, and fell back to the ground surface or ocean floor.