hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2019–2023 structural changes to local government in England
2009

2019–2023

2027–2028 (planned)

Structural changes to local government in England took place between 2019 and 2023. Some of these changes continue the trend of new unitary authorities being created from other types of local government districts, which was a policy of Communities Secretary Robert Jenrick from 2019.

Ceremonial counties have not seen any changes to their boundaries, as the Lieutenancies Act 1997 was amended to reflect the new local government areas that comprise them.

Ceremonial counties of England
Ceremonial counties, formally known as counties for the purposes of the lieutenancies, are areas of England to which lord-lieutenants are appointed.  A lord-lieutenant is the monarch's representative in an area.

Shrieval counties have the same boundaries and serve a similar purpose, being the areas to which high sheriffs are appointed. High sheriffs are the monarch's judicial representative in an area.

The ceremonial counties are defined in the Lieutenancies Act 1997, and the shrieval counties in the Sheriffs Act 1887. Both are defined as groups of counties used for local government.
Agnieszka Grochowska
Agnieszka Grochowska (Polish pronunciation: [aɡˈɲɛʂka ɡrɔˈxɔfska], born 31 December 1979) is a Polish film and theatre actress. She is a two-time recipient of Polish Film Awards having won the Polish Academy Award for Best Actress in 2013 and the Polish Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in 2024.

Polish Film Award
The Eagles Polish Film Awards, or The Eagles (Polish: Polskie Nagrody Filmowe Orły, „Orły”) is the national film award of Poland. It has been delivered annually since 1999, with the first event held on 21 June, by the National Chamber of Audiovisual Producers (KIPA). Since 2003 they have been awarded by the Polish Film Academy.

The award ceremony is held under the auspices of the Minister of Culture and National Heritage of Poland. Their status in the Polish film industry can be compared with Academy Awards.

The award depicts outstretched eagle's wings attached to a white socle twined by a ribbon which is reminiscent of a film stock. It was designed by Polish sculptor Adam Fedorowicz.

The 26th Polish Film Awards took place on 4 March 2024. Green Border, directed by Agnieszka Holland, was named Best Film.
The Year of "Yes"
The Year of "Yes" is the reissue of South Korean girl group Twice's sixth EP Yes or Yes. It was released by JYP Entertainment on December 12, 2018. The reissue contains the initial seven tracks from Yes or Yes, along with two new songs: "The Best Thing I Ever Did" and the Korean version of "Be as One" from the group's Japanese album BDZ.

JYP Entertainment
JYP Entertainment Corporation (Korean: JYP 엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean multinational entertainment and record label conglomerate founded in 1997 by J.Y. Park. Operating as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management company, concert production company and music publishing house, it is one of the largest entertainment companies in South Korea. The company also operates subsidiary ventures and divisions internationally.
Geof Motley
Geofrey Peter Motley OAM (3 January 1935 – 26 September 2023) was an Australian rules footballer and coach who played for South Australian National Football League (SANFL) side Port Adelaide. Motley was born near Alberton Oval, the home ground of the Port Adelaide Football Club, and grew up supporting Port Adelaide.

Motley was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) in the 1992 Australia Day Honours "for service to sport administration and Australian rules football."

1992 Australia Day Honours
The 1992 Australia Day Honours are appointments to various orders and honours to recognise and reward good works by Australian citizens. The list was announced on 25 January 1992 by the Governor General of Australia, Bill Hayden.

The Australia Day Honours are the first of the two major annual honours lists, the first announced to coincide with Australia Day (26 January), with the other being the Queen's Birthday Honours, which are announced on the second Monday in June.

† indicates an award given posthumously.
Professional E-Hailing Drivers and Private Owners Association
The Professional E-Hailing Drivers and Private Owners Association (PEPDA) is a trade union federation of ridesharing and other gig transport workers. In Nigeria, these workers primarily work for Uber and Bolt. The federation is affiliated with the Trade Union Congress of Nigeria.

Uber
Uber Technologies, Inc. is an American multinational transportation company that provides ride-hailing services, courier services, food delivery, and freight transport. It is headquartered in San Francisco, California, and operates in approximately 70 countries and 15,000 cities worldwide. It is the largest ridesharing company worldwide with over 202 million monthly active users and 10 million active drivers and couriers. It coordinates an average of 42 million trips and delivery orders per day, and has coordinated 72 billion trips and delivery orders since its inception in 2010. In the fourth quarter of 2025, the company had a take rate (revenue as a percentage of gross bookings) of 29.9% for mobility services and 19.2% for food delivery.

The company is also in the process of developing robotaxi services in partnership with Lucid Motors, Nuro, and Baidu.
Theobald Smith
Theobald Smith FRS(For) HFRSE (July 31, 1859 – December 10, 1934) was a pioneering epidemiologist, bacteriologist, pathologist and professor. Smith is widely considered to be America's first internationally-significant medical research scientist.

Smith's research work included the study of babesiosis (originally known as Texas cattle fever) and the more-general epidemiology of cattle diseases caused by tick borne diseases. He also described the bacterium Salmonella enterica (formerly called Salmonella choleraesuis), a species of Salmonella, named for the Bureau of Animal Industry chief Daniel E. Salmon. Additional work in studying the phenomena of anaphylaxis led to it being referred to as the Theobald Smith phenomenon.

Smith taught at Columbian University (now George Washington University) and established the school's department of bacteriology, the first at a medical school in the United States. He later worked at Harvard University and the Rockefeller Institute.

Salmonella enterica
Salmonella enterica (formerly Salmonella choleraesuis) is a rod-shaped, flagellate, facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative bacterium and a species of the genus Salmonella. It is divided into six subspecies, arizonae (IIIa), diarizonae (IIIb), houtenae (IV), salamae (II), indica (VI), and enterica (I). A number of its serovars are serious human pathogens; many of them are (more specifically) serovars of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica.
Mather, Tuolumne County, California
Mather is an unincorporated community in Tuolumne County, California, United States. Mather is 33 miles (53 km) west of Tioga Pass. The community is named after Stephen Tyng Mather, who directed the National Park Service from 1917 to 1929. It is home to Camp Mather, operated by San Francisco Recreation & Parks Department.

Tioga Pass
Tioga Pass is a mountain pass in the Sierra Nevada mountain range of California. State Route 120 runs through it, and serves as the eastern entry point for Yosemite National Park, at the Tioga Pass Entrance Station. It is the highest elevation highway pass in California and in the Sierra Nevada at an elevation of 9,945 ft (3,031 m). Mount Dana is to the east of the pass, and Gaylor Peak to the west.
Lancaster County, South Carolina
Lancaster County /ˈlæŋkəstər/ is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 96,016, Its county seat is Lancaster, which has an urban population of 23,979. The county was created in 1785. Lancaster County is included in the Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located in the Piedmont region.

Gastonia, North Carolina
Gastonia is a city in and the county seat of Gaston County, North Carolina, United States. The most populous city in the county and the 13th-most populous city in North Carolina, the population was 80,411 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the Charlotte-Concord, NC-SC Combined Statistical Area.

The city is a historic center for textile manufacturing and was the site of the Loray Mill Strike of 1929, which became a key event in the labor movement. While manufacturing remains important to the local economy, the city also has healthcare, education, and government sectors.
Theloderma palliatum
Theloderma palliatum (common name: cloaked moss frog) is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to Vietnam and so far only known from the Bidoup Núi Bà and Chư Yang Sin National Parks. This species, together with Theloderma nebulosum, was first found by Australian and Vietnamese scientists in Tay Nguyen in 2011.

Central Highlands (Vietnam)
The Central Highlands (Vietnamese: Cao nguyên Trung phần), South Central Highlands (Vietnamese: Cao nguyên Nam Trung Bộ), Western Highlands (Vietnamese: Tây Nguyên) or Midland Highlands (Vietnamese: Cao nguyên Trung bộ) was a former region located in the south central part of Vietnam. It contained parts of the provinces of Đắk Lắk, Gia Lai, Quảng Ngãi, and Lâm Đồng. On June 12 2025 the region merged with South Central Coast.
Dunguaire Castle
Dunguaire Castle (Irish: Dún Guaire) is a 16th-century tower house on the southeastern shore of Galway Bay in County Galway, Ireland, near Kinvara (also spelled Kinvarra). The name derives from the dun (fort) of King Guaire, the legendary king of Connacht.

The castle's 75-foot (23 m) tower and its defensive wall have been restored, and the grounds are open to tourists during the summer. Normally, visitor can also (pre-)book a banquet, with a four course meal and entertainment, a service offered from April to October. However, the castle has been closed since 2022, awaiting repairs for safety.

Kinvara
Kinvara or Kinvarra (Irish: Cinn Mhara, meaning 'head of the sea') is a sea port village in the southwest of County Galway, Ireland. It is located in the civil parish of Kinvarradoorus in the north of the barony of Kiltartan. Kinvarra is also an electoral division.
1950 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1950.

Residue (chemistry)
In chemistry, residue is whatever remains or acts as a contaminant after a given class of events. Residue may be the material remaining after a process of preparation, separation, or purification, such as distillation, evaporation, or filtration. It may also denote the undesired by-products of a chemical reaction.

Residues as an undesired by-product are a concern in agricultural and food industries.
Vaughn Nark
Vaughn Nark is a trumpeter, flugelhornist, trombonist and exclusive Yamaha clinician from Washington, DC. With a career that includes nearly two decades as a member of the United States Air Force's Airmen of Note, Nark has performed with many of the world's finest artists and entertainers, including Dizzy Gillespie, Doc Severinsen, Tony Bennett, Louis Bellson, Henry Mancini, Arturo Sandoval, Stanley Turrentine, Slide Hampton, Lena Horne and Wynton Marsalis. He plays the Yamaha YTR-6335S trumpet.

Lena Horne
Lena Mary Calhoun Horne (June 30, 1917 – May 9, 2010) was an American singer, actress, dancer and civil rights activist. Horne's career spanned more than seventy years and covered film, television and theater.

Horne joined the chorus of the Cotton Club at the age of sixteen and became a nightclub performer before moving on to Hollywood and Broadway. A groundbreaking Black-American performer, Horne advocated for civil rights and took part in the March on Washington in August 1963. Later she returned to her roots as a nightclub performer and continued to work on television while releasing well-received record albums. She announced her retirement in March 1980, but the next year starred in a one-woman show, Lena Horne: The Lady and Her Music, which ran for more than 300 performances on Broadway. She then toured the country in the show, earning numerous awards and accolades. Horne continued recording and performing sporadically into the 1990s, withdrawing from the public eye in 2000.
Jonathan Leo
Jonathan T. Leo is a former Professor of Anatomy at Lincoln Memorial University in Harrogate, Tennessee and former Associate Professor of Anatomy at the Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine. He is currently the Chair of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences and a Professor of Anatomy at the Kansas City University College of Osteopathic Medicine. He has published articles critical of chemical and biological theories of mental illness. He is the former editor-in-chief of Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry. With Sami Timimi, he is also the co-editor of the book Rethinking ADHD.

Kansas City University
Kansas City University (KCU) is a private medical school with its main campus in the historic Pendleton Heights neighborhood of Kansas City, Missouri and an additional campus in Joplin, Missouri.  It was founded in 1916 as one of the original osteopathic medical schools in the United States. It consists of a College of Osteopathic Medicine and a College of Biosciences. KCU is one of the largest medical schools in the nation by enrollment.

In 2017, KCU opened the Farber-McIntire campus, in Joplin, Missouri. The university is developing a College of Dental Medicine on its Joplin campus.

KCU is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and recognized by the Coordinating Board of Higher Education for the Missouri Department of Higher Education.  The College of Osteopathic Medicine is accredited by the American Osteopathic Association's Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation.
Do or Die (Tim Dog album)
Do or Die is the second studio album by American New York-based rapper Tim Dog. It was released in 1993 via Ruffhouse/Columbia, and produced by Tim Dog, Ced Gee, T.R. Love, and Kool Keith of Ultramagnetic MC's. The album represented Tim's shift of focus, away from confrontation with the West Coast and concentrated on hardcore East Coast rap. The album contained a shout-out to Tupac Shakur whom Tim thanked for assisting him when involved in a potentially violent situation when touring in California.

The album peaked at number 53 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and number 17 on the Heatseekers Albums, spawning a single "I Get Wrecked" with KRS-One, which peaked at number 8 on the Hot Rap Songs.

Ultramagnetic MCs
Ultramagnetic MCs (rendered as Ultramagnetic MC's) are an American hip hop group based in the Bronx, New York City. Founded by Kool Keith, the group also includes Ced Gee, TR Love, and Moe Love. Big D was brought into the group by his cousin Kool Keith as a hype man in 1988. Tim Dog became an unofficial member in 1989. In 1990, DJ Jaycee was added as a road manager and backup DJ. A former member, Rooney Roon, was fired following an assault arrest. Beat-boxer Rahzel was a roadie for the group early in its career. The group's work was associated with unorthodox sampling, polysyllabic rhymes, and bizarre lyrical imagery.
Ian Forrest
Ian Forrest (born 22 February 1950 in Kirkliston, Scotland) is a British racing driver.

Forrest first started racing in 1971, and went on to win 26 national saloon and sports car titles in his native Scotland. In 1989 he first entered the British Touring Car Championship. Forrest competed in four consecutive seasons in the BTCC, each time with a privately entered BMW M3, prepared by Prodrive. His 1991 effort saw him win the Privateer award and the £10,000 prize.

Forrest is currently the Circuit Manager at Knockhill Racing Circuit in Scotland.

Forrest is a qualified Clerk of the Course for motorcycle racing.

Forrest was awarded the Jackie Stewart Medal in 2006 and The Jim Clark Trophy in 2010 for lifetime services to Scottish Motorsports.

Forrest's son, Sandy, also races and has competed in the BRSCC Ford Fiesta Championship.

Forrest has also been seen regularly on Mark Evans' TV "Is Born" Series for Discovery Channel; "A Car Is Born", "A Car Is Reborn" and "A Racing Car Is Born"

British Touring Car Championship
The British Touring Car Championship (BTCC), officially known as the Kwik Fit British Touring Car Championship for sponsorship reasons, is a touring car racing series held each year in the United Kingdom, currently organised and administered by TOCA. It was established in 1958 as the British Saloon Car Championship and was renamed as the British Touring Car Championship for the 1987 season. It is one of the oldest, most popular and most prestigious touring car series in the world. The championship, currently running Next Generation Touring Car regulations, has been run to various national and international regulations over the years including FIA Group 2, FIA Group 5, FIA Group 1, FIA Group A, FIA Super Touring and FIA Super 2000. A lower-key Group N class for production cars ran from 2000 until 2003.
Wau Ecology Institute
The Wau Ecology Institute (WEI) was established in 1961 near the town of Wau, Papua New Guinea, in Morobe province, as a field station of the Bishop Museum.  In 1973 it became an independent environmental organisation.  It has laboratory space for visiting scientists, a herbarium and zoological reference collections. The Institute ceased operations around 2007 and is now run as a local coffee plantation by former employees and area gold miners.

Bishop Museum
The Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, designated the Hawaiʻi State Museum of Natural and Cultural History, is a museum of history and science in the historic Kalihi district of Honolulu on the Hawaiian island of Oʻahu. Founded in 1889, it is the largest museum in Hawaiʻi and has the world's largest collection of Polynesian cultural artifacts and natural history specimens. Besides the comprehensive exhibits of Hawaiian cultural material, the museum's total holding of natural history specimens exceeds 24 million, of which the entomological collection alone represents more than 13.5 million specimens (making it the third-largest insect collection in the United States). The Index Herbariorum code assigned to Herbarium Pacificum of this museum is BISH and this abbreviation is used when citing housed herbarium specimens.

The museum complex is home to the Richard T. Mamiya Science Adventure Center.
Nanshan District, Zhuolu County
Nanshan was a county-controlled district in the province of Hebei, China. It was under the administration of Zhuolu County, Zhangjiakou. It was the last county-controlled district as of 2019. It has been replaced and consequently removed from the divisions in 2020.

Provinces of China
Provinces (Chinese: 省; pinyin: Shěng) are the most numerous type of province-level divisions, the first-level subdivisions of the People's Republic of China (PRC). There are currently 22 provinces administered by the PRC, and one further province that is claimed but not administered, which is Taiwan.

The local governments of Chinese provinces consist of a Provincial People's Government headed by a governor that acts as the executive, a Provincial People's Congress with legislative powers, and a parallel provincial branch of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) that elects a party secretary and a provincial standing committee.
Tulya
Tulya is an administrative ward in the Iramba District of the Singida Region of Tanzania. The ward is bounded to the north by Lake Kitangiri.

In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 9,069 people in the ward, from 8,265 in 2012.

Singida Region
Singida Region (Mkoa wa Singida in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. It covers a land area of 49,340 km2 (19,050 sq mi), comparable in size to the nation of Slovakia. The region is bordered to the north by Shinyanga Region, Simiyu Region and Arusha Region, to the northeast by Manyara Region, to the east by Dodoma Region, to the southeast by Iringa Region, to the southwest by Mbeya Region and to the west by Tabora Region. The regional capital is the municipality of Singida. 
According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 2,008,058.
Pabitra Sarkar
Pabitra Sarkar (born 28 March 1937) is an Indian Bengali linguist, writer, Literary critic, and academician. He is also a children's writer, Rabindra Sangeet singer and dramatist. He received the Vidyasagar Award given by the Paschimbanga Bangla Akademi in 2000 for writing proses, and the Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration. In 2019, he was honored with the title of the Order of the Rising Sun, Japan's third highest civilian honor.

Sarkar was the Vice-chancellor of Rabindra Bharati University from 1990 to 1997. He was also the president of Bangiya Sahitya Parishat, Bharatiya Bhasha Parishad, American Institute of Indian Studies and numerous other literary and cultural institutions throughout his career. Although retired from job, professor Sarkar still teaches at University of Calcutta and few other colleges, and is now vice-president of Paschimbanga Bangla Akademi, and the newly formed Society for Natural Language Technology and Research, West Bengal.

Academician
An academician is a full member of an artistic, literary, engineering, or scientific academy. In many countries, it is an honorific title used to denote a full member of an academy that has a strong influence on national scientific life.

Accordingly, within systems such as the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the title grants privileges and administrative responsibilities for funding allocation and research priorities.
Conor Clifford
Conor Paul Clifford (born 1 October 1991) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Lucan United. He is a former Republic of Ireland youth international and has represented them at under-17, under-19, and under-21 level. He has been called into the senior Ireland squad but is yet to play.

2009–10 FA Youth Cup
The FA Youth Cup sponsored by E.ON 2009–10 was the 58th edition of the FA Youth Cup.

467 clubs were initially accepted, although there was one withdrawal, Worcester City 53 of the remaining 466 teams were new entries.

Holders Arsenal were knocked out in the fourth Round at home to Ipswich Town 0–2.

Chelsea won the competition by beating Aston Villa 3–2 on aggregate to win the competition for only their third time in their history and for the first time since 1961.
Alaap
Alaap (lit. Prelude) is a 1977 Indian musical drama film directed by Hrishikesh Mukherjee and produced by N. C. Sippy and Mukherjee. It stars Amitabh Bachchan, Rekha, Chhaya Devi, Asrani, Farida Jalal, Om Prakash, Lily Chakravarty in the lead and Sanjeev Kumar in a small role.

Upon release, Alaap failed to do well commercially owing to its depressing theme and Bachchan's "Angry Young Man" image at that time, but attained cult status in later years and is regarded as one of Mukherjee's most underrated works. At the 25th Filmfare Awards, Jaidev was nominated for Best Music Direction.

The film is available for digital streaming on Amazon Prime Video and SonyLIV.

Yunus Parvez
Yunus Parvez (1931/1932 – 11 February 2007) was an Indian actor who played supporting roles in over 200 films from 1963 to the 2000s. He is best known for his roles in films like Garm Hava (1974), Deewaar (1975), Trishul (1978), Gol Maal (1979) and Mr. India (1987). His last film role was in Shaad Ali's hit film Bunty Aur Babli (2005).

Yunus Parvez graduated from University of Allahabad. Yunus Parvez fought 1998 Indian general election as a candidate of Samajwadi Party but could not secure many votes.