hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mathematics education
In contemporary education, mathematics education (known in Europe as the didactics or pedagogy of mathematics) is the practice of teaching, learning, and carrying out scholarly research into the transfer of mathematical knowledge.

Although research into mathematics education is primarily concerned with the tools, methods, and approaches that facilitate practice or the study of practice, it also covers an extensive field of study encompassing a variety of different concepts, theories and methods. National and international organisations regularly hold conferences and publish literature in order to improve mathematics education.

Formative assessment
Formative assessment, formative evaluation, formative feedback, or assessment for learning, including diagnostic testing, is a range of formal and informal assessment procedures conducted by teachers during the learning process in order to modify teaching and learning activities to improve student attainment. The goal of a formative assessment is to monitor student learning to provide ongoing feedback that can help students identify their strengths and weaknesses and target areas that need work. It also helps faculty recognize where students are struggling and address problems immediately. It typically involves qualitative feedback (rather than scores) for both student and teacher that focuses on the details of content and performance.  It is commonly contrasted with summative assessment, which seeks to monitor educational outcomes, often for purposes of external accountability.
McMurray Formation
The McMurray Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Early Cretaceous age (late Barremian to Aptian stage) of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin in northeastern Alberta. It takes the name from Fort McMurray and was first described from outcrops along the banks of the Athabasca River 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north of Fort McMurray by F.H. McLearn in 1917.  It is a well-studied example of fluvial to estuarine sedimentation, and it is economically important because it hosts most of the vast bitumen resources of the Athabasca Oil Sands region.

Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the study of rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification). It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks.
Stratigraphy has three related subfields: lithostratigraphy (lithologic stratigraphy), biostratigraphy (biologic stratigraphy), and chronostratigraphy (stratigraphy by age).

Several principles and laws come into play when using stratigraphy such as Principle of original horizontality, Law of superposition, Cross-cutting relationships, Principle of inclusions, Principle of faunal succession.
Prostitution in Ethiopia
Prostitution in Ethiopia is legal, and widespread. Procuring (operating brothels, benefiting from prostitution, etc.) is illegal according to Article 634 of the Ethiopian Penal Code, as revised May 2005, however these laws are rarely enforced. Some feel it has contributed to the increased incidence of AIDS. UNAIDS estimate there are over 19,000 prostitutes in the major cities.

Ethiopia has become a magnet for sex tourism, including child sex tourism. In a March 1978 interview the mayor of Addis Ababa, Alemu Abebe, claimed that there were around 100,000 prostitutes in the city.

In 2015, Ethiopian scriptwriter and film director, Hermon Hailay, directed the film Price of Love, which was inspired by her experiences growing up close to prostitutes.

Price of Love (film)
Price of Love is a 2015 Ethiopian drama film directed by Hermon Hailay which was screened in the Official Selection at 2015 Toronto International Film Festival.

It was selected in Official Competition at FESPACO 2015 where it won the Special Prize of Ouagadougou. It has gone on to compete in numerous international film festivals and won multiple awards.

It tells the story of a young Addis Ababa taxi driver gets caught up in the dark side of love, causing his taxi to be stolen. He finds himself stuck in a relationship with a prostitute, making him confront his past and discover what is the price of love.
Edmond Blanc
Edmond Blanc (22 February 1856 – 12 December 1920) was a horse breeder as well a French politician. He served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1893 to 1894, and from 1898 to 1902, representing Hautes-Pyrénées. He also served as the mayor of La Celle Saint-Cloud. He was the owner of several stud farms in La Celle Saint-Cloud, Haras Villebon and Haras Hardy. He built the racecourse of Saint-Cloud inaugurated in 1901 along with a horse training center named La Fouilleuse. He won the Grand Prix de Paris seven times.

The Prix Edmond Blanc at the Saint-Cloud Racecourse is named in his memory.

Chamber of Deputies (France)
The Chamber of Deputies (French: Chambre des députés, [ʃɑ̃bʁ de depyte]) was the lower house of parliament in France at various times in the 19th and 20th centuries:

1814–1848 during the Bourbon Restoration and the July Monarchy, the Chamber of Deputies was the lower house of the French Parliament, elected by census suffrage.

1875–1940 during the French Third Republic, the Chamber of Deputies was the legislative assembly of the French Parliament, elected by two-round system with universal male suffrage. When reunited with the Senate in Versailles, the French Parliament was called the National Assembly (Assemblée nationale) and carried out the election of the president of the French Republic.
James Reid (sport shooter)
James Reid (8 March 1875 – 19 March 1957) was a British sport shooter who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. In 1912 he won the silver medal with the British team in the team military rifle competition. In the 600 metre free rifle event he finished 13th.

Shooting at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's 600 metre free rifle
The men's 600 metre free rifle was a shooting sports event held as part of the Shooting at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the only appearance of the event, though a 1000-yard free rifle event was held in 1908 and a 600-metre prone event was held in 1924. The competition was held on Monday, 1 July 1912.

Eighty-five sport shooters from twelve nations competed.
Hyde family of Denchworth
The Hyde family of Denchworth in the English county of Berkshire (now Oxfordshire) were a landed family from at least the Norman period to the late modern era. They were chiefly seated at various places in Berkshire, but there were major branches in County Cork in Ireland. Members have included an abbot, a Knight of the Bath and a number of MPs and high sheriffs. Douglas Hyde of County Roscommon (who descended from the Cork branch), became the first President of Ireland in 1938. They are not related (except by marriage) to the noble Hyde family of Wiltshire and Cheshire.

Douglas Hyde
Douglas Ross Hyde  MRIA (Irish: Dubhghlas de hÍde; 17 January 1860 – 12 July 1949), known as An Craoibhín Aoibhinn (lit. transl. the pleasant little branch), was an Irish academic, linguist, scholar of the Irish language, politician, and diplomat who served as the first president of Ireland from June 1938 to June 1945. He was a leading figure in the Gaelic revival, and the first president of the Gaelic League, one of the most influential cultural organisations in Ireland at the time.
Perth Observatory
The Perth Observatory is the name of two astronomical observatories located in Western Australia (WA). In 1896, the original observatory was founded in West Perth on Mount Eliza overlooking the city of Perth (obs. code 319). Due to the city's expansion, the observatory moved to Bickley in 1965. The new Perth Observatory is sometimes referred to as Bickley Observatory (obs. code 322, 323).

Astronomical Society of Australia
The Astronomical Society of Australia (ASA) is the professional body representing astronomers in Australia. Established in 1966, it is incorporated in the Australian Capital Territory. Membership of the ASA is open to people "capable of contributing to the advancement of astronomy or a closely related field". This means that the members are mainly active professional astronomers and postgraduate students. Some retired astronomers and distinguished amateur astronomers are also members, and several organisations are corporate members of the society. The ASA currently has around 600 members. It publishes a peer-reviewed journal, Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia.
Laurens Looije
Laurens Christiaan Looije (born January 12, 1973, in The Hague, South Holland) is a Dutch pole vaulter, who represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, United States.

Looije finished 8th in the pole vault final at the 2006 European Athletics Championships in Gothenburg. He was also the 1992 World Junior champion, and won a bronze medal at the 2001 Summer Universiade.

His personal best is 5.71 metres, achieved in August 1998 in Hechtel. He is a five times outdoor and nine times indoor Dutch national champion.

2006 European Athletics Championships
The 19th European Athletics Championships were held in Gothenburg, Sweden, between 7 August and 13 August 2006. The competition arena was the Ullevi Stadium and the official motto "Catch the Spirit". Gothenburg also hosted the 1995 World Championships in Athletics, and Stockholm, Sweden's capital, hosted 1958 European Athletics Championships.
Nicola Scott
Nicola Scott is a comics artist from Sydney, Australia whose notable works include Birds of Prey and Secret Six. In 2016, she and writer Greg Rucka relaunched Wonder Woman for DC Comics Rebirth and created the comic series  Black Magick, which was published by Image Comics.

DC Rebirth
DC Rebirth is a 2016 relaunch by the American comic book publisher DC Comics of its entire line of ongoing monthly superhero comic book titles. Using the end of The New 52 (2011–2016) initiative in May 2016 as its launching point, DC Rebirth restored the DC Universe to a form much like that prior to the 2011 "Flashpoint" storyline while still incorporating numerous elements of The New 52, including its continuity. It also saw many of its titles move to a twice-monthly release schedule, along with being released at US$2.99.

DC Comics ended the Rebirth branding in December 2017, opting to include everything under a larger "DC Universe" banner and naming. The continuity and repercussions established by Rebirth continues into the New Justice (2018–2021), Infinite Frontier (2021–2023), Dawn of DC (2023–2024), and DC All In (2024–present) eras.
Daniel Gopher
Daniel Gopher (Hebrew: דניאל גופר; born 29 June 1943) is a professor (Emeritus) of Cognitive psychology and Human Factors Engineering at the Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology. He held the Yigal Alon Chair for the Study of Humans at Work at the Technion. Gopher is a fellow of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, the Psychonomic Society and the International Ergonomics Association.

The William Davidson Faculty of Industrial Engineering & Management
The Faculty of Data and Decision Sciences is an academic faculty of the Technion and the oldest such department in Israel. The department is currently headed by Prof. Rann Smorodinsky and is based in the Cooper and Bloomfield buildings at Technion City. The department employs 52 faculty members, who as of 2023 served a total of 500 graduate and 1000 undergraduate students.
Conkal Municipality
Conkal Municipality (In the Yucatec Maya Language: "place of twenty sales" or "place of the parasitic plant cuunka") is a municipality in the Mexican state of Yucatán containing 57.48 km2 of land and located roughly 16 km northeast of the city of Mérida.

Yucatec Maya language
Yucatec Maya (/ˈjuːkətɛk ˈmaɪə/ YOO-kə-tek MY-ə; Spanish: yucateco [ʝukaˈteko]), referred to by its speakers as mayaʼ or maayaʼ t’aan (pronounced [màːjaʔˈtʼàːn] ⓘ), is a Mayan language spoken in the Yucatán Peninsula, including part of northern Belize. There is also a significant diasporic community of Yucatec Maya speakers in San Francisco, though most Maya Americans are speakers of other Mayan languages from Guatemala and Chiapas.
Tinsley Green
Tinsley Green is an area in the Borough of Crawley, one of seven local government districts in the English county of West Sussex.  Originally a hamlet in the parish of Worth, it was absorbed by the New Town of Crawley in the 1940s and became part of the Pound Hill neighbourhood.  As well as houses, farms and woodland, it became the site of the 1930s aerodrome at Gatwick—now London Gatwick Airport.  The airport's first railway station was briefly known as Tinsley Green.  The game of marbles has a strong local tradition, and Tinsley Green's pub hosts the British and World Marbles Championship each year.

Pound Hill
Pound Hill is one of 14 neighbourhoods within the town of Crawley in West Sussex, England. Pound Hill is located on the east of Crawley. It is bordered by Three Bridges and Manor Royal to the west and Maidenbower to the south.

It is the largest of the 13 neighbourhoods of Crawley. Until 2004, it was the first one to be split into two wards - Pound Hill North and Pound Hill South. Its boundaries extend north beyond the main built-up area thus making it also the most northerly neighbourhood in the town.
Micro frontend
A micro frontend is an architectural pattern for web development, where independently developed frontends are composed into a greater whole. It is analogous to a microservices approach but for client-side single-page applications written in JavaScript. It is a solution to de-composition and routing for multiple front-end applications.

Micro frontends (MFE) can be built using the following approaches:

With tooling such as module federation or native federation

With libraries such as Single-SPA or frameworks such as Piral

With Web Components

With iframes

Companies that use micro frontends are Canonical, IKEA, Scania AB, Spotify, etc.

For Webpack this concept is referred to as module federation.

Client–server model
The client–server model is a form of messaging pattern in a distributed application structure that partitions tasks or workloads between the providers of a resource or service, called servers, and service requesters, called clients. Often clients and servers communicate over a computer network on separate hardware, but both client and server may be on the same device. A server host  runs one or more server programs, which share their resources with clients. A client usually does not share its computing resources, but it requests content or service from a server and may share its own content as part of the request. Clients, therefore, initiate communication sessions with servers, which await incoming requests.
Examples of computer applications that use the client–server model are email, network printing, and the World Wide Web.
Dayshalee Salamán
Dayshalee Salamán (born 17 August 1990) is a Puerto Rican basketball player for Obras Sanitarias and the Puerto Rican national team.

She participated at the 2018 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup. She is openly lesbian.

Obras Sanitarias
Club Atlético Obras Sanitarias de la Nación (mostly known simply as Obras Sanitarias or Obras) is an Argentine professional sports club that is located in the district of Núñez, Buenos Aires. Although originally conceived as a rugby union club, Obras Sanitarias is mostly known for its basketball team, which currently plays in the Liga Nacional de Básquet, which is the first division of the Argentine basketball league system. Apart from basketball and rugby union, other disciplines practiced at the club are chess, judo, swimming, table tennis, and tennis.

Obras Sanitarias has been nicknamed Los Tacheros, a lunfardo word used to refer to Argentine taxi drivers, because taxi cabs are painted in black and yellow, which are the same colors of Obras' jersey uniforms.
Mister World
Mister World competition is an international male beauty pageant founded by the Miss World Organization in 1996. The entrants compete in various activities including waterskiing, mountain biking, swimming, and marathon running.

The current titleholder, Mister World 2024, is Daniel Mejía from Puerto Rico, who was crowned on November 23, 2024, at NovaWorld Phan Thiết, Bình Thuận, Vietnam.

Mountain biking
Mountain biking (abbr. MTB) is a sport of riding bicycles off-road, often over rough terrain, usually using specially designed mountain bikes. Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes but incorporate features designed to enhance durability and performance in rough terrain, such as air or coil-sprung shocks used as suspension, larger and wider wheels and tires, stronger frame materials, and mechanically or hydraulically actuated disc brakes. Mountain biking can generally be broken down into distinct categories: cross country, trail, all mountain, enduro, downhill and freeride.
Five Go Mad in Dorset
Five Go Mad in Dorset was the first of three Five Go Mad specials from the long-running series of The Comic Strip Presents... television comedy films. It first aired on the launch night of Channel 4 (2 November 1982), and was written by Peter Richardson and Pete Richens, and directed by Bob Spiers. It was entirely filmed in Devon rather than Dorset.

Bob Spiers
Robert Alexander Spiers (27 September 1945 – 8 December 2008) was a Scottish television director and producer. He worked on many sitcoms, including Dad's Army and Are You Being Served?, and won two British Academy Television Awards for Fawlty Towers and Absolutely Fabulous. Spiers also directed the films That Darn Cat and Spice World (both 1997), and Kevin of the North (2001).
Gear Gods
Gear Gods is an online publication centered on music production, equipment and theory in heavy metal and hard rock. It is associated with the websites MetalSucks and Metal Injection. Gear Gods has featured in-depth interviews on the equipments of Between the Buried and Me, John Petrucci, Zakk Wylde, Mike Portnoy, Misha Mansoor, among other artists.

Its editor-in-chief is Trey Xavier, a guitar instructor who studied at Berklee College of Music and Sonoma State University. Xavier articles have been featured in Grammy.com, Guitar World and Ultimate Guitar.

On January 22, 2014, Gear Gods broadcast Metal Masters 5, a clinic featuring members of Pantera, Megadeth, Slayer and Anthrax.

In February 2014, the publication and CreativeLive co-hosted a course in production by Kurt Ballou.

On June 11, 2014, Gear Gods hosted a live video seminar on music equipment with members of Periphery, All Shall Perish, Intervals and Obscura.

Obscura (band)
Obscura is a German technical death metal band from Landshut, founded by guitarist and vocalist Steffen Kummerer in 2002. The band has released seven studio albums, a compilation album and sixteen music videos since its formation. Their latest album, A Sonication, was released in February 2025.
2008–09 Wake Forest Demon Deacons men's basketball team
The 2008–09 Wake Forest Demon Deacons men's basketball team represented Wake Forest University in the 2008–09 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team's head coach was Dino Gaudio.  The team played its home games in the Lawrence Joel Veterans Memorial Coliseum in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and was a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).

On January 19, the Deacons took the top spot in both the ESPN/USA Today coaches poll and the Associated Press poll, making it the second time in program history a Wake Forest team was number one in the country.

Wake Forest finished the regular season with a record of 24–5, and 11–5 in the ACC, which tied them with Duke. The Demon Deacons received the number two seed in the 2009 ACC men's basketball tournament in a tiebreaker over Duke because of their victory against number one seed North Carolina.

2009 ACC men's basketball tournament
The 2009 Atlantic Coast Conference men's basketball tournament took place from March 12 to 15 at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. The tournament was broadcast on the ESPN family of networks, along with Raycom Sports in the ACC footprint.

The championship game matched Duke against Florida State, who made their first appearance in the ACC championship game since joining the league in 1992. Duke won 79–69 for their 8th conference title in 11 years.
Szymanski's conjecture
In mathematics, Szymanski's conjecture, named after Ted H. Szymanski, states that every permutation on the -dimensional doubly directed hypercube graph can be routed with edge-disjoint paths. That is, if the permutation  matches each vertex  to another vertex , then for each  there exists a path in the hypercube graph from  to  such that no two paths for two different vertices  and  use the same edge in the same direction.

Path (graph theory)
In graph theory, a path in a graph is a finite or infinite sequence of edges which joins a sequence of vertices which, by most definitions, are all distinct (and since the vertices are distinct, so are the edges). A directed path (sometimes called dipath) in a directed graph is a finite or infinite sequence of edges which joins a sequence of distinct vertices, but with the added restriction that the edges be all directed in the same direction.

Paths are fundamental concepts of graph theory, described in the introductory sections of most graph theory texts. See e.g. Bondy & Murty (1976), Gibbons (1985), or Diestel (2005). Korte et al. (1990) cover more advanced algorithmic topics concerning paths in graphs.
Unite for Change
Unite for Change is a South African political party that was launched on 5 October 2025 in Johannesburg, South Africa. It is the merger of three political parties, namely Rise Mzansi, Good and Build One South Africa. The party will be registered to contest the upcoming municipal elections in 2026. The party is broadly centrist on the left–right political spectrum.

Members of the party's Leaders' Council include Build One South Africa leader Mmusi Maimane, Good party leader Patricia de Lille, BOSA MP Nobuntu Hlazo-Webster, Rise Mzansi leader Songezo Zibi, Rise Mzansi Member of the Gauteng Provincial Legislature and Member of the Executive Council Vuyiswa Ramokgopa, and Good Secretary-General and Member of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament Brett Herron.

Songezo Zibi
Songezo Zibi (born 27 December 1975) is the National Leader of the political party, Rise Mzansi, and was elected to the National Assembly in 2024. He is the chairperson of Parliament's Standing Committee On Public Accounts. He is a former corporate spokesperson and manager, writer, Associate Editor of the Financial Mail, and former Editor of Business Day, South Africa’s leading business and economy daily newspaper.
People's Unity Party
People's Unity Party can refer to:

People's Unity Party (Finland)

People's Unity Party (Gabon)

People's Unity Party (Papua New Guinea)

People's Unity Party (Tajikistan)

People's Unity Party (Tunisia)

People's Unity Party – Socialist Party, a defunct political party in Iceland

Samajik Ekta Party (India)

Party of People's Unity (Tajikistan)
The Party of People's Unity was a liberal-conservative and secularist political party in Tajikistan. The party was founded by Abdumalik Abdullajanov in 1994 and banned in 1998. It was a part of the United Tajik Opposition faction during the Tajikistani Civil War.