hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
UEFA European Qualifiers
UEFA European Qualifiers are the qualifying matches for the UEFA qualification matches as a part of the FIFA World Cup and the UEFA European Championship, trademarked from 2016. For details:

FIFA World Cup qualifiers

UEFA European Championship qualifying

FIFA World Cup qualifiers
The FIFA World Cup qualification is a set of competitive matches that a national association football team plays in order to qualify for one of the available berths at the final tournament of the men's FIFA World Cup.

Qualifying tournaments are held within the six FIFA continental zones, each organized by their respective confederations: AFC (Asia), CAF (Africa), CONCACAF (North and Central America and the Caribbean), CONMEBOL (South America), OFC (Oceania), and UEFA (Europe). For each World Cup, FIFA decides the number of places in the finals allocated to each of the zones, based on the numbers and relative strengths of the confederations' teams.

As a courtesy, the host receives an automatic berth selection, as has happened with the immediate past tournament winner during much of the competition's history. All other finalists are determined on a standalone qualifying round achievement without regard to previous achievements.
Coreboot
coreboot (formerly LinuxBIOS) is an open‑source project that provides lightweight firmware to initialize hardware and then load an operating system. It is designed to replace proprietary firmware (traditional BIOS or UEFI implementations) by performing the minimal tasks required to start a modern 32-bit or 64-bit operating system.

Because coreboot performs low‑level hardware initialization, it must be ported to each supported chipset and motherboard model; consequently, availability is limited to platforms for which support has been implemented.

One of the well‑known variants of coreboot is Libreboot, a software distribution that focuses on removing proprietary binary blobs from the firmware stack.

Motherboard
A motherboard, also known as a mainboard, system board, logic board, and informally mobo (see "Nomenclature" section), is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in general-purpose computers and other expandable systems. It holds and allows communication between many of the crucial electronic components of a system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals.

Unlike a backplane, a motherboard usually contains significant sub-systems, such as the CPU, the chipset's input/output and memory controllers, interface connectors, and other components integrated for general use.: 48
MUSCLE (alignment software)
MUltiple Sequence Comparison by Log-Expectation (MUSCLE) is a computer software for multiple sequence alignment of protein and nucleotide sequences. It is licensed as public domain. The method was published by Robert C. Edgar in two papers in 2004. The first paper, published in Nucleic Acids Research, introduced the sequence alignment algorithm. The second paper, published in BMC Bioinformatics, presented more technical details. MUSCLE up to version 3 uses a progressive-refinement method. Since version 5 it uses a hidden Markov model similar to ProbCons.

Nucleic Acids Research
Nucleic Acids Research is an open-access peer-reviewed scientific journal published since 1974 by the Oxford University Press. The journal covers research on nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, and related work. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal's 2021 impact factor is 19.160. The journal publishes two yearly special issues; the first issue of each year is dedicated to biological databases, published in January since 1993, and the other is devoted to papers describing web-based software resources of value to the biological community (web servers), published in July since 2003.
Beyond the Fall of Night
Beyond the Fall of Night (1990) is a novel by Arthur C. Clarke and Gregory Benford. The first part of Beyond the Fall of Night is a reprint of Clarke's  Against the Fall of Night while the second half is a "sequel" by Gregory Benford that takes place many years later.  This book is unrelated to The City and the Stars which is an expanded version of Against the Fall of Night which Clarke wrote himself three years after the publication of Against the Fall of Night.

Gregory Benford
Gregory Benford (born January 30, 1941) is an American science fiction author and astrophysicist who is professor emeritus at the department of physics and astronomy at the University of California, Irvine. He is a contributing editor of Reason magazine.

Benford wrote the Galactic Center Saga science fiction novels, beginning with In the Ocean of Night (1977).  The series postulates a galaxy in which sentient organic life is in constant warfare with sentient electromechanical life.

In 1969, he wrote "The Scarred Man", the first story about a computer virus (based on a real computer virus he had spread), published in 1970.
Atmospheric Sciences Laboratory
The Atmospheric Sciences Laboratory (ASL) was a research institution under the U.S. Army Materiel Command that specialized in artillery meteorology, electro-optical climatology, atmospheric optics data, and atmospheric characterization from 1965 to 1992. In 1992, ASL was disestablished, and the majority of its operations, personnel, and facilities were incorporated into the newly created U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL).

United States Army Materiel Command
The United States Army Materiel Command (AMC) is the primary provider of materiel to the United States Army via its contracting support brigades.

AMC operates depots; arsenals; ammunition plants; and other facilities, and maintains the Army's prepositioned stocks, both on land and afloat. The command is also the Department of Defense Executive Agent for conventional ammunition and the U.S. chemical weapons stockpile.

AMC is responsible for the business of selling United States Army equipment and services to allies of the United States and negotiates and implements agreements for co-production of U.S. weapons systems by other states.
Orphans in Russia
As of 2011 from the numbers presented from Russia at the UN states that, Russia has over 650,000 children who are registered orphans, 70% of which arrived in the orphanages in the 1990s. Of these, 370,000 are in state-run institutions while the others are either in foster care or have been adopted. Reports have ranged saying that between 66 and 95% of all of these children are considered social orphans, meaning that one or more of their birth parents are still alive. As of 2023 there were 34,000 orphans in Russia according to Deputy Prime Minister of Russia for Social Policy.

Language of adoption
The language of adoption is changing and evolving, and since the 1970s has been a controversial issue tied closely to adoption reform efforts. The controversy arises over the use of terms which, while designed to be more appealing or less offensive to some persons affected by adoption, may simultaneously cause offense or insult to others. This controversy illustrates the problems in adoption, as well as the fact that coining new words and phrases to describe ancient social practices will not necessarily alter the feelings and experiences of those affected by them. Two of the contrasting sets of terms are commonly referred to as positive adoption language (PAL) (sometimes referred to respectful adoption language (RAL)), and honest adoption language (HAL).
2008 in Michigan
This article reviews key circumstances during 2008 in Michigan, including the state's office holders, performance of sports teams, cultural events, a chronology of the state's top news and sports stories, and Michigan-related deaths.

Douglas Fraser
Douglas Andrew Fraser (December 18, 1916 – February 23, 2008) was a Scottish–American union leader. He was president of the United Auto Workers from 1977 to 1983 and an adjunct professor of labor relations at Wayne State University for many years.

He is best remembered for helping to save Chrysler from bankruptcy in 1979 by heavily lobbying the US Congress for a loan and convincing workers to make concessions. He received the Walter P. Reuther Humanitarian Award from Wayne State University in 2006.
Otokomi Mountain
Otokomi Mountain (7,939 feet (2,420 m)) is located in the Lewis Range, Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana. Named for George Bird Grinnell's part-Blackfoot hunting partner named Otokomi which means "yellowfish'. Otokomi Mountain is north of the Rising Sun Auto Camp and Saint Mary Lake.

George Bird Grinnell
George Bird Grinnell (September 20, 1849 – April 11, 1938) was an American anthropologist, historian, naturalist, and writer. Originally specializing in zoology, he became a prominent early conservationist and student of Native American life. Grinnell has been recognized for his influence on public opinion and work on legislation to preserve the American bison. Mount Grinnell in Glacier National Park in Montana is named after him.
Winrich Kolbe
Winrich Ernst Rudolf Kolbe (1940 – September 2012) was a German-American television director and television producer  best known for directing 48 episodes of Star Trek across four television series. These included the Hugo Award-winning "All Good Things...", which was the series finale of Star Trek: The Next Generation. He also directed the series premiere of Star Trek: Voyager, "Caretaker", and was involved in the casting of the series.

Knight Rider (1982 TV series)
Knight Rider is an American action crime drama television series created and produced by Glen A. Larson. The series was originally broadcast on NBC from September 26, 1982, to April 4, 1986. The show stars David Hasselhoff as Michael Knight, a sleek and modern crime fighter assisted by KITT, an advanced, artificially intelligent, self-aware, and nearly indestructible car. This was the last series Larson devised at Universal Television before he moved to 20th Century Fox Television. While the series received negative reviews from critics during its initial run, retrospective reviews have been more positive from audiences and critics alike. The series has received a cult following.
Joanne Salley
Joanne Salley (born 1977, Dungannon) is the 1998 Miss Northern Ireland, later an art teacher and part-time television presenter.

Educated at the Royal School Dungannon, she trained in ballet for fifteen years. She has a teaching certificate from a Cambridge College. She was named 1998 Miss Northern Ireland, and came runner-up in the Miss United Kingdom pageant. She was a mascot for the 1998 Milk Cup football tournament. She became a teacher and an occasional television reporter/presenter. Starting out her teaching career at Harrow School, she then joined Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood, before returning to Harrow for a second period in 2010.

She once co-hosted The Big Breakfast, worked for Comic Relief does Fame Academy, Disney and as a researcher for the BBC's Hard Sell. Appearances in television advertisements include the Peugeot 106. In October 2011, she co-hosted the BBC series Out of the Blue.

Miss United Kingdom
Miss United Kingdom is a title held by the highest-ranked contestant from the UK in the Miss World pageant. The winner sometimes competes at Miss International and Miss Supranational the following year under the Britain, England or United Kingdom banner. From 1958 to 1999, Miss United Kingdom was a national beauty pageant held to choose a representative for the Miss World Pageant. In 1999, Scotland and Wales had their own contestants at Miss World, and in 2000, England and Northern Ireland sent their own representatives. The existing organization now runs the Miss England competition.
Canadian Army Trophy
The Canadian Army Trophy (CAT) is a tank gunnery competition established to foster excellence, camaraderie and competition among the armoured forces of the NATO countries in Western Europe.

The trophy is a miniature sterling silver replica of a Canadian Army Centurion tank. It is now located at CFB (Canadian Forces Base) Gagetown in New Brunswick, Canada; home of the Canadian Armour School.

CFB Gagetown
5th Canadian Division Support Base (5 CDSB) Gagetown, commonly known as CFB Gagetown, is a large Canadian Forces Base covering an area over 1,100 km2 (420 sq mi), located in southwestern New Brunswick.

At 274,000 acres, it is the biggest facility in Eastern Canada, and Canada's second-largest facility.
Ekmekcioğlu Ahmed Pasha
Ekmekçioğlu Ahmed Pasha or Ekmekçizade Ahmet Paşa (died 1618), was Defterdar (Grand Treasurer) to Sultan Ahmed I from 1606 to 1613. He was a native of Edirne, where he built the Tunca Bridge, the Ekmekcioğlu Caravanserai, and a coffee house with a watering station. He also founded a medrese in Istanbul. He is thought to have been a member or sympathiser of the Gülşeniyye order of dervishes.

Edirne
Edirne (US: /eɪˈdɪərnə, ɛˈ-/; Turkish: [e.ˈdiɾ.ne]), historically known as Orestias, Orestiada, Adrianople, or Adriana is a city in Turkey, in the northwestern part of the province of Edirne in Eastern Thrace. Situated 7 km (4.3 mi) from the Greek and 20 km (12 mi) from the Bulgarian borders, Edirne was the second capital city of the Ottoman Empire from the 1360s to 1453, before Constantinople became its capital.

The city is a commercial centre for woven textiles, silks, carpets and agricultural products and has a growing tourism industry. It is the seat of Edirne Province and Edirne District. Its population is 180,002 (2022).
Wild Seed – Wild Flower
Wild Seed – Wild Flower is the debut full-length album by American singer Dionne Farris. Having found success for her performance on the song "Tennessee" by the alternative hip hop group Arrested Development, Farris, rather than continue with Arrested Development, made a solo record with members of the band Follow for Now, David Ryan Harris and Billy Fields. The album title was inspired in part by the Octavia E. Butler novel. The lead single, "I Know", peaked at number 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1995.

Arrested Development (group)
Arrested Development is an American hip hop group formed in 1988 in Atlanta by rapper and producer Speech and turntablist Headliner. The group offered an Afrocentric, socially conscious alternative to the prevalent gangsta rap of the late 1980s, and gained critical and commercial success with its 1992 debut album, 3 Years, 5 Months and 2 Days in the Life Of.... The album topped the Village Voice's Pazz & Jop Critics' Poll and sold over 6 million copies globally. In 1993, Arrested Development became the first hip hop act to win the Grammy Award for Best New Artist, also receiving the award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group.

After the commercial disappointment of their 1994 follow-up, Zingalamaduni, the group disbanded in 1996. They reunited in 2000 and have continued to tour and release music independently through Speech's label, addressing themes of racial justice, spirituality, and environmental issues.
Kay Sage
Katherine Linn Sage (June 25, 1898 – January 8, 1963), usually known as Kay Sage, was an American Surrealist artist and poet active between 1936 and 1963. A member of the Golden Age and post-war periods of Surrealism, she is mostly recognized for her artistic works, which typically contain themes of an architectural nature.

Through her marriage to an Italian prince, she became princess of San Faustino in 1925. She was also the sister-in-law of Donna Virginia Bourbon del Monte, wife of industrialist Edoardo Agnelli of the Agnelli family.

Giorgio de Chirico
Giuseppe Maria Alberto Giorgio de Chirico (/ˈkɪrɪkoʊ/ KIRR-ik-oh; Italian: [ˈdʒordʒo de ˈkiːriko]; 10 July 1888 – 20 November 1978) was an Italian artist and writer born in Greece. In the years before World War I, he founded the scuola metafisica art movement, which profoundly influenced the surrealists. His best-known works often feature Roman arcades, long shadows, mannequins, trains, and illogical perspective. His imagery reflects his affinity for the philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer and of Friedrich Nietzsche, and for the mythology of his birthplace.

After 1919, de Chirico became a critic of modern art, studied traditional painting techniques, and later worked in a neoclassical or neo-Baroque style, while frequently revisiting the metaphysical themes of his earlier work. In 2018, it was suggested that de Chirico may have suffered from Alice in Wonderland syndrome.
The Newtowner: An Arts and Literary Magazine
The Newtowner: An Arts and Literary Magazine is a quarterly arts and literary magazine featuring fiction, poetry, memoir, essays, columns, features and artwork by local literary, visual and performing artists, both new and established, from the western Connecticut region and beyond. The Newtowner is a community based literary and arts project staffed by local volunteers.

In its Spring 2011 issue, The Newtowner will debut Youth Expressions - a section for young writers and artists. 
Other sections includes: The Newtowner Book Club, a calendar of local arts and literary events, and a directory of local arts and literary groups.

The Newtowner is published by Literarti Publishing, founded in March, 2010. Its first issue debuted in December 2010.

Literary magazine
A literary magazine is a periodical devoted to literature in a broad sense. Literary magazines usually publish a mix of fiction and non-fiction. Short stories and poetry are common literary forms published, but some magazines may publish serial literature—a novel which is revealed in sections over multiple issues. Non-fiction writing may be from staff of the literary magazine to make commentary about their magazine or about culture related to literature. Non-fiction from contributors may take the form of essays, literary criticism, book reviews, biographical profiles of authors, interviews, and letters. Literary magazines are often called literary journals (or little magazines) to contrast them with larger, commercial magazines.
2009–10 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – Women's 1000 metres
The 1000 metres distance for women in the 2009–10 ISU Speed Skating World Cup was contested over seven races on six occasions, out of a total of seven World Cup occasions for the season, with the first occasion taking place in Berlin, Germany, on 6–8 November 2009, and the final occasion taking place in Heerenveen, Netherlands, on 12–14 March 2010.

Christine Nesbitt of Canada defended her title from the previous season, while Margot Boer of the Netherlands came second, and Monique Angermüller of Germany came third.

Heerenveen
Heerenveen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌɦeːrə(ɱ)ˈveːn] ⓘ, West Frisian: It Hearrenfean [ət ˌjɛrn̩ˈfɪən] ⓘ, Stellingwerfs: et Vene) is a town and municipality in the province of Friesland (Fryslân), in the Northern Netherlands. In 2021, the town had a population of 29,790 (1 January) while the municipality had a population of 50,859 (1 July).

The town itself is located southeast of Sneek and southwest of Drachten. Heerenveen is the oldest peat canal village in the Netherlands. Heerenveen is the fourth-largest place in Friesland in terms of population, but is not one of the eleven Frisian cities.

The municipality was formed on 1 July 1934, from parts of former municipalities Aengwirden and Schoterland, and a portion of the municipality of Haskerland. Boarnsterhim also merged into Heerenveen on 1 January 2014.
Lake Raschera
The Lake Raschera is an alpine lake located at 2,108 m a.s.l. in the Ligurian Alps, in an administrative enclave of the municipality of Magliano Alpi. It is situated in the upper valley of the Corsaglia.

Administrative division
Administrative divisions (also administrative units, administrative regions, subnational entities, or constituent states, as well as many similar generic terms) are geographical areas into which a particular independent sovereign state is divided. Such a unit usually has an administrative authority with the power to take administrative or policy decisions for its area. Administrative divisions are often used as polygons in geospatial analysis.
Geoffrey II of Provence
Geoffrey II (also Josfred or Josfredus; died 13 February 1067) was the first count of Forcalquier following the death of his father Fulk Bertrand in 1062. His elder brother William Bertrand inherited Provence, but not the title of margrave. Geoffrey himself is often counted amongst the co-counts of Provence of the era. It is not certain that his region of Forcalquier was regarded as a distinct entity and not merely the Provençal demesne under his charge.

He subscribed a charter of his brothers on 14 February 1064. His wife was Ermengard, but his children are unknown.

Margrave
In the German nobility, margrave was a rank equivalent to marquess. It originated as the medieval title for the military commander assigned to maintain the defence of one of the border provinces of the Holy Roman Empire or a kingdom. That position became hereditary in certain feudal families in the Empire and the title came to be borne by rulers of some Imperial principalities until the abolition of the Empire in 1806 (e.g., Margrave of Brandenburg, Margrave of Baden). Thereafter, those domains (originally known as marks or marches, later as margraviates or margravates) were absorbed into larger realms or the titleholders adopted titles indicative of full sovereignty.
Nicole Gaelebale
Nicole Lisa Gaelebale (born April 22, 1993) is a Motswana model and beauty pageant titleholder. She was crowned Miss Global Botswana 2012. She represented Botswana at Miss Earth 2014 where she was unplaced. In 2015, she won second place and was crowned First Princess of Botswana. She also won Miss World Botswana 2017 and represented Botswana at Miss World 2017.

Miss World 2017
Miss World 2017 was the 67th edition of the Miss World pageant, held at the Sanya City Arena in Sanya, China, on 18 November 2017.

Stephanie Del Valle of Puerto Rico crowned Manushi Chhillar of India as her successor at the end of the event. It was the sixth victory for India in the history of the pageant, tying with Venezuela for the most wins in the pageant's history.
MTV (Middle East)
MTV Middle East, formerly MTV Arabia, was a free-to-air music television channel, and the Middle Eastern incarnation of MTV. As an addition to the MTV network, it was a joint venture between MTV Networks International and Arabian Television Network, a subsidiary of Arabian Broadcasting Network, and part of Arab Media Group, the largest media group in the United Arab Emirates. Launched as MTV Arabia, the channel was rebranded as MTV Middle East on August 30, 2011.

The channel began its initial broadcast on October 27, 2007, and was launched on November 17, 2007.
As of 5 January 2015, MTV Middle East has stopped airing on Nilesat, and moved the whole localised channel to pay TV model on OSN under the name MTV Live HD.

Arab Media Group
Arab Media Group (AMG) is a Dubai, United Arab Emirates based entertainment company and a strategic business vertical of Dubai Holding. AMG covers radio broadcasting, event management, and family entertainment. Some say AMG is an engaging premier integrated entertainment company. It manages Global Village, Arabian Radio Network and Done Events.