hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Visa requirements for Colombian citizens
Visa requirements for Colombian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Colombia.

As of 2025, Colombian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 131 countries and territories, ranking the Colombian passport 40th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index.

Citizens of Colombia do not need a passport when travelling to Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay. For these countries, they may use just their national identification cards.

Colombian nationality law
Colombian nationality is typically obtained by birth in Colombia when one of the parents is either a Colombian national or a Colombian legal resident, by birth abroad when at least one parent is a Colombian national, or by naturalization, as defined by Article 96 of the Constitution of Colombia and the Law 43-1993 as modified by Legislative Act 1 of 2002. Colombian law differentiates between nationality and citizenship. Nationality is the attribute of the person in international law that describes their relationship to the State, whereas citizenship is given to those nationals (i.e. those that hold Colombian nationality) that have certain rights and responsibilities to the State. Article 98 of the Colombian constitution establishes that Colombian citizens are those nationals that are 18 years of age or older. Colombian citizens are entitled to vote in elections and exercise the public actions provided in the constitution.
The Longest Meow
The Longest Meow is the third studio album by American singer-songwriter Bobby Bare Jr. The album, released on September 26, 2006, came two years after his previous studio album From the End of Your Leash, and continues Bare's eccentric and experimental style. The 11-track album was recorded during one 11-hour session in Nashville on March 26, 2006 with musicians from My Morning Jacket, Lambchop, Trail of Dead, and Clem Snide. The album primarily is a mixture of alternative country and indie rock, though also employs elements from other genres. The reception from critics was generally positive, with reviewers admiring Bare for his unconventional approach to music, though still noting that parts of the album seemed rushed as a result of time constraints.

Alternative country
Alternative country (commonly abbreviated to alt-country; insurgent country, Americana, or y'allternative) is a loosely defined subgenre of country music that includes acts that differ significantly in style from mainstream country music, mainstream country rock, and country pop. Most frequently, the term has been used to describe certain country music bands and artists that are also defined as or have incorporated influences from genres such as alternative rock, indie rock, punk rock, heartland rock, Southern rock, progressive country, outlaw country, neotraditional country, Texas country, Red Dirt, roots rock, indie folk, folk rock, rockabilly, bluegrass, and honky tonk.
The Sea Mystery
The Sea Mystery is a 1928 detective novel by Freeman Wills Crofts. It is the fourth in a series of novels featuring Inspector French of Scotland Yard. As with a number of his works Crofts creates a puzzling mystery which French is then able to solve using a Tide table and Bradshaw's Guide to the railways. The plot has some similarities with his debut novel The Cask (1920).

Tide table
Tide tables, sometimes called tide charts, are used for tidal prediction and show the daily times and levels of high and low tides, usually for a particular location. Tide heights at intermediate times (between high and low water) can be approximated by using the rule of twelfths or more accurately calculated by using a published tidal curve for the location. Tide levels are typically given relative to a low-water vertical datum, e.g. the mean lower low water (MLLW) datum in the US.
Monomakh's Cap
Monomakh's Cap (Russian: шапка Мономаха, romanized: shapka Monomakha), also called the Golden Cap (Russian: шапка Золотая, romanized: shapka Zolotaya), is a chief relic of the Muscovite Grand Princes and Russian Tsars. It is a symbol-crown of the Russian autocracy, and is the oldest of the crowns currently exhibited at the Imperial treasury section of the Kremlin Armoury. Monomakh's Cap is an early 14th-century gold filigree skullcap composed of eight sectors, elaborately ornamented with a scrolled gold overlay, inlaid with precious stones (ruby and emerald) and pearls, and trimmed with sable. The cap is surmounted by a simple gold cross with pearls at each of the extremities.

Emerald
Emerald is a gemstone and a variety of the mineral beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) colored green by trace amounts of chromium or sometimes vanadium. Beryl has a hardness of 7.5–8 on the Mohs scale. Most emeralds have many inclusions, so their toughness (resistance to breakage) is classified as generally poor. Emerald is a cyclosilicate. It occurs mainly in association with quartz, muscovite, albite, schorl, microcline, fluorite, smoky quartz and elbaite.
Vitaliy Tymofiyenko
Vitaliy Viktorovych Tymofiyenko (Ukrainian: Віталій Вікторович Тимофієнко; born 4 January 1993) is a Ukrainian professional football midfielder who plays for Canadian Soccer League club Toronto Falcons.

Canadian Soccer League championship final
The Canadian Soccer League championship final, or CSL Championship, is the post-season match of the Canadian Soccer League (CSL) and is the successor to the CNSL Championship. The winner is crowned champion as in other North American sports leagues (i.e. via a playoff following a regular season). This differs from other top soccer leagues, which consider the club with the most points at the end of the season to be the sole champion. It is a Non-FIFA championship match that was previously sanctioned by the Canadian Soccer Association (CSA) but is now affiliated with the Soccer Federation of Canada (SFC).

The league hosted its inaugural championship on October 14, 1998. The CSL Championship is traditionally held in early October. Toronto Croatia is the most successful team, winning a record sixth cup in 2015.

Throughout its history, the championship has had several title sponsors, from the Primus Cup in 2000, the Rogers Cup from 2001 to 2009, and the Givova Cup from 2010 onwards.
Canadian-Ukrainian Brigade
The Canadian-Ukrainian Brigade (Ukrainian: Канадсько-українська бригада, romanized: Kanadśko-ukrajinśka bryhada) is a unit belonging to the International Legion of Territorial Defence of Ukraine which was formed in early 2022. The brigade is formed from individuals that are Ukrainian Combat Veterans or have been providing aid and training to Ukraine since the war in Donbas. These individuals came together under the umbrella of the brigade to set up a network spanning over Canada, France, Germany, Poland, and Ukraine. It is notable that the brigade consists of ex-Canadian servicemen and fresh volunteers.

Borys Wrzesnewskyj
Borys Wrzesnewskyj (/ˈbɔːrɪs fʃɪsˈnɛfski/ BOR-iss fshiss-NEF-skee; born November 10, 1960) is a Canadian politician who represented the riding of Etobicoke Centre in the House of Commons of Canada. A member of the Liberal Party of Canada, he was first elected in the 2004 federal election, and was reelected in 2006 and 2008, before being defeated in 2011. Wrzesnewskyj unsuccessfully challenged the results of his 2011 in a Supreme Court of Canada case. He was returned to parliament in the 2015 federal election and declined to run in the 2019 election.
Greencastle Lifeboat Station
Greencastle Lifeboat Station was located at Port Blaney, a hamlet overlooking the entrance to Lough Foyle, approximately 3 km (1.9 mi) north-east of Greencastle, at the eastern point of the Inishowen Peninsula, in County Donegal, Ireland.

The lifeboat station was first established at Greencastle in 1864 by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI).

After 64 years of operation, Greencastle Lifeboat Station was closed in 1928.

Lifeboat (rescue)
A rescue lifeboat is a boat rescue craft which is used to attend a vessel in distress, or its survivors, to rescue crew and passengers. It can be hand pulled, sail powered or powered by an engine. Lifeboats may be rigid, inflatable or rigid-inflatable combination-hulled vessels.
Jewish Day School of Metropolitan Seattle
The Jewish Day School of Metropolitan Seattle (JDS) is the oldest community Jewish day school in the Pacific Northwest. JDS offers an integrated curriculum of Judaic studies and general studies focusing on the "whole student," from Pre-Kindergarten to grade 8.

Eighth grade
Eighth grade (also 8th grade or Grade 8) is the eighth year of formal or compulsory education in the United States. The eighth grade is the third or fourth (and typically final) year of middle school. Students in eighth grade are usually 13–14 years old. Different terms and numbers are used in other parts of the world.
Powder Mountain (Washington)
Powder Mountain is a 7,725-foot (2,355-metre) mountain located on the boundary shared by Whatcom County with Okanogan County in Washington state, United States. The mountain is situated on the Cascade crest in the Pasayten Wilderness, on land administered by Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest. Powder Mountain is part of the Hozameen Range which is a subset of the North Cascades. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains west to Ross Lake via Canyon Creek, Trouble Creek, and Three Fools Creek, whereas the east slope drains into the headwaters of Rock Creek which is a tributary of the Pasayten River. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises over 2,200 feet (671 meters) above Trouble Creek in one mile, and 2,000 feet (610 meters) above Rock Creek in one mile. The mountain's toponym has been officially adopted by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names.

United States Board on Geographic Names
The United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) is a federal body operating under the United States secretary of the interior. The purpose of the board is to establish and maintain uniform usage of geographic names throughout the federal government of the United States.
USS Spectacle
USS Spectacle (AM-305) was a steel-hulled Admirable class minesweeper built for the U.S. Navy during World War II. A trained crew boarded the new vessel, practiced with her minesweeping gear, and then proceeded to the Pacific Ocean to clear mines from Japanese beaches so that Allied forces could invade. While performing this dangerous task of mine clearance, a Japanese plane strafed her, and another deliberately crashed into her. When she returned to the United States, her battle damage was so severe that the U.S. Navy decided to scrap, rather than to repair, her. She was awarded two battle stars.

Spectacle  was laid down on 24 May 1943 by Associated Shipbuilders, Seattle, Washington; launched on 10 October 1943; and, commissioned on 11 August 1944.

Iejima
Iejima (Japanese: 伊江島, Hepburn: Iejima; Okinawan: Ii shima), previously romanized in English as Ie Shima, is an island in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, lying a few kilometers off the Motobu Peninsula on Okinawa Island. The island measures 20 kilometres (12 mi) in circumference and covers 23 square kilometres (8.9 sq mi). As of December 2012 the island had a population of 4,610. Ie Village, which covers the entire island, has a ferry connection with the town of Motobu on Okinawa Island.

Iejima is generally flat. The most notable geographic feature is a peak called Mount Gusuku (Kunigami:Tatchuu) at a height of 172 meters. The mountain resembles a volcano but is actually an erosion artifact. Alternately called "Peanut Island," for its general shape and peanut crop, or "Flower Island," for its abundant flora and more sizeable crop, Iejima draws tourists by ferry, especially during late April when the Ie Lily Festival begins.
Suga Shrine
Suga Shrine is a Shinto shrine in Unnan, Shimane Prefecture, Japan

The shrine, claimed to stand on the site of the palace Shinto deity Susanoo built after defeating the Yamata no Orochi, enshrines Susanoo, Kushinadahime, and their son Yashimajinumi.

According to the Kojiki it was the first Shrine in Japan. It was founded immediately after the battle when Susanoo married Kushinadahime. The Shrine is also seen as the birthplace of Waka poetry. After Susanoo wrote a poem about the surrounding area.

The shrine is listed in the Izumo Fudoki as one of sixteen shrines in Ōhara District not registered with the Department of Divinities.

Waka (poetry)
Waka (和歌; 'Japanese poem') is a type of poetry in classical Japanese literature. Although waka in modern Japanese is written as 和歌, in the past it was also written as 倭歌 (see Wa, an old name for Japan), and a variant name is yamato-uta (大和歌).
Luis Pérez Dasmariñas
Luis Pérez Dasmariñas y Páez de Sotomayor was a Spanish soldier and governor of the Philippines from December 3, 1593 to July 14, 1596. In 1596, he sent unsuccessful expeditions to conquer Cambodia and Mindanao.

Pérez Dasmariñas was a knight of the Order of Alcántara. His father, Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas, was governor of the Philippines from 1590 to 1593.

Order of Alcántara
The Order of Alcántara (Leonese: Orde de Alcántara, Spanish: Orden de Alcántara), also called the Knights of St. Julian, is one of the four Spanish military orders. It was originally a military order of León, founded in 1166 and confirmed by Pope Alexander III in 1177.
Mihir Rakshit
Mihir Rakshit (born 1 July 1936) is an Indian economist, known for his work on fiscal, monetary and other policy, especially issues that concern developing economies. Originally from Chittagong, which is now in Bangladesh, he did his graduation from Presidency College, Calcutta, post-graduation from the University of Calcutta and his PhD from London School of Economics. He taught at the departments of Economics of The University of Calcutta, The University of Burdwan, Presidency College Calcutta, and Indian Statistical Institute Calcutta, as faculty. He also taught at Delhi School of Economics and Erasmus University Rotterdam, as visiting faculty. He served the Reserve Bank of India for two terms as a member of its Central Board of Directors. He was director of the open access quarterly journal Money and Finance published by ICRA Limited from 1997 to July 2016.

Orient Blackswan
Orient Blackswan Pvt. Ltd., formerly Orient Longman India, commonly referred to as Orient Longman, is an Indian publishing house headquartered in Hyderabad, Telangana.

The company publishes academic, professional and general works as well as school textbooks, of which the "Gul Mohar" series of English-language school books grew popular. It also publishes low cost reprints of foreign titles.
House of Astiruwa
The House of Astiruwa was the last known dynasty of rulers of Carchemish. The members of this dynasty are best known to us through Hieroglyphic Luwian sources. One member of the House of Astiruwa may also be referred to in Assyrian sources.: 94, 98

Luwian language
Luwian (/ˈluːwiən/ LOO-wee-ən), sometimes known as Luvian or Luish, is an ancient language, or group of languages, within the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family. The ethnonym Luwian comes from Luwiya (also spelled Luwia or Luvia) – the name of the region in which the Luwians lived. Luwiya is attested, for example, in the Hittite laws.

The two varieties of Luwian are known after the scripts in which they were written: Cuneiform Luwian (CLuwian) and Hieroglyphic Luwian (HLuwian). There is no consensus as to whether these were a single language or two closely related languages.
Fluvanna, Texas
Fluvanna is an unincorporated community and census designated place (CDP) in Scurry County, Texas, United States.  It lies just south of the Llano Estacado, high atop the caprock, where Farm to Market Road 1269 and Farm to Market Road 612 intersect.

Fluvanna is named for a surveyor's home county — Fluvanna County, Virginia. Fluvanna was established by realty promoters who knew where the Roscoe, Snyder and Pacific Railway would terminate to satisfy its charter's 50-miles-of-line requirement.

Fluvanna's importance lessened when the railroad closed the station in 1941 and major highways bypassed the area. The population dropped from a high of 500 in 1915 to 180 in the 2000 Census.  The post office has closed in Fluvanna, yet the area still retains the 79517 zip code.  Several wind power generation companies (i.e.: GE) have office and shop locations in town, there is one convenience store, but no gas station in Fluvanna.

Fluvanna County, Virginia
Fluvanna County is a United States county centrally located in the Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia.  Part of the Charlottesville Metropolitan Statistical Area, Fluvanna's population, as of the 2020 census, was 27,249. The county seat is Palmyra, while the most populous community is the census designated place of Lake Monticello.
Pla taphian
The Woven Pla Taphian (ปลาตะเพียนสาน, pronounced [plāː tā.pʰīa̯n]) is a traditional central Thai handicraft. It is a woven hanging mobile, usually made from palm leaves, in the form of a fish (specifically the tinfoil barb, which gives it its name). The barb is traditionally regarded as a symbol of prosperity and abundance, and pla taphian mobiles were usually hung over babies' cradles. Their production has largely declined over the centuries, but there are still centres of production where the craft is preserved. Today, pla taphian are mostly used as decorative objects.

Central Thailand
Central Thailand (also known as Siam, Siam proper or Dvaravati) is one of the regions of Thailand, covering the broad alluvial plain of the Chao Phraya River. Located in the central plains, it is separated from northeast Thailand (Isan) by the Phetchabun mountain range. The Tenasserim Hills separate it from Myanmar to the west. In the north it is bounded by the Phi Pan Nam Range, one of the hilly systems of northern Thailand. The area was the heartland of the Ayutthaya Kingdom (at times referred to as Siam) and is still the dominant area of Thailand since it contains the world's most primate city, Bangkok.
Eucalyptus articulata
Eucalyptus articulata, also known as the Ponton Creek mallee, is a low, straggly mallee that is endemic to a small area near Kalgoorlie in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia. It has smooth bark, lance-shaped leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and conical fruit.

Goldfields–Esperance
31°S 123°E﻿ / ﻿31°S 123°E﻿ / -31; 123

The Goldfields–Esperance region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia. It is located in the south-eastern corner of Western Australia, and comprises the local government areas of Coolgardie, Dundas, Esperance, Kalgoorlie–Boulder, Laverton, Leonora, Menzies, Ngaanyatjarraku, Ravensthorpe and Wiluna.

It also incorporates the area along the Great Australian Bight to the South Australian border known as the Nullarbor Plain.
Ulakhan-Ebya
Ulakhan-Ebya (Russian: Улахан-Эбя, Yakut: Улахан Эбэ, Ulaxan Ebe) is a rural locality (a selo), and one of two settlements in Khoptoginsky Rural Okrug of Churapchinsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, in addition to Diring, the administrative center of the Rural Okrug. It is located 39 kilometers (24 mi) from Churapcha, the administrative center of the district and 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) from Yuryung-Kyuyol. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 53; down from 73 recorded in the 2002 Census.

Yakut language
The Yakut language (/jəˈkuːt/ yə-KOOT), also known as the Sakha language (/səˈxɑː/ sə-KHAH) or Yakutian, is a Siberian Turkic language spoken by around 450,000 native speakers—primarily by ethnic Yakuts. It is one of the official languages of the Sakha Republic, a republic in the Russian Federation.

The Yakut language has a large number of loanwords of Mongolic origin, a layer of vocabulary of unclear origin, as well as numerous recent borrowings from Russian. Like other Turkic languages, Yakut is an agglutinative language and features vowel harmony.
Lyubomir Lyubomirov
Lyubomir Lyubomirov (Bulgarian: Любомир Любомиров; February 12, 1953 – October 9, 2020) was a Bulgarian ice hockey player. He played for the Bulgaria men's national ice hockey team at the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck.

Ice hockey at the 1976 Winter Olympics
The men's ice hockey tournament  at the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria, was the 13th Olympic Championship. The Soviet Union won its fifth gold medal. Games were held at the Olympiahalle Innsbruck.
Alberch's salamander
Alberch's salamander (Bolitoglossa alberchi) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to mexico and known from Veracruz, extreme eastern Oaxaca, and western and central Chiapas, from near sea level to 1,800 m (5,900 ft) asl.
Its natural habitats are tropical lowland forests. It also occurs along the edges of clearings and well-shaded plantations. It seems to be a fairly common species, although it is threatened by habitat loss caused by agriculture, wood extraction, and human settlement.

Plethodontidae
Plethodontidae, or lungless salamanders, are a family of salamanders. With over 500 species, lungless salamanders are by far the largest family of salamanders in terms of their diversity. Most species are native to the Western Hemisphere, from British Columbia to Brazil. Only two extant genera occur in the Eastern Hemisphere: Speleomantes (native to Sardinia and mainland Europe south of the Alps) and Karsenia (native to South Korea).
Bucoșnița
Bucoșnița (Hungarian: Bokos) is a commune in Caraș-Severin County, western Romania, with a population of 2,642 as of 2021. It is composed of four villages: Bucoșnița, Goleț (Galacs), Petroșnița (Petresfalva), and Vălișoara (Temesvölgye). It is situated in the historical region of Banat.

The commune is situated at an altitude of 265 m (869 ft), in the foothills of the Țarcu and Semenic mountains, on the banks of the Timiș River. It is located in the central-north part of Caraș-Severin County, 14 km (8.7 mi) south of the municipality of Caransebeș and 56 km (35 mi) east of the county seat, Reșița.

Bucoșnița is crossed by the national road DN6 (part of European route E70), which links Bucharest with the Banat region. The Vălișoara and Petroșnița train stations serve the CFR Main Line 900, which connects the capital city with Timișoara.

Caraș-Severin County
Caraș-Severin (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈkaraʃ seveˈrin] ⓘ) is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Serbia. The majority of its territory lies within the historical region of Banat, with a few northeastern villages considered part of Transylvania. The county seat is Reșița. The Caraș-Severin county is part of the Danube–Criș–Mureș–Tisa Euroregion.
Javier Vásconez
Javier Vásconez (born 1946 in Quito) is an Ecuadorian novelist, short story writer, and editor.

His stories have been translated into English, French, German, Swiss, Hebrew, Bulgarian, and Greek.

In 2022 he was awarded the Premio Eugenio Espejo prize for literature.

Premio Eugenio Espejo
The Premio Nacional Eugenio Espejo ("Eugenio Espejo National Award") is the national prize of the nation of Ecuador. Decrees 677 and 699 (of August 1975 and September 1997, respectively) established the prize, which is conferred by the President of Ecuador. The Award is bestowed every other year. Finalists for receiving the award are put on a short list by the National Council of Culture, and grouped into five categories:

Cultural Promotion

Arts

Literature

Science

Public or Private Institutions.

The recipients are then selected from that list by the head of state, who awards them a sum of money, a diploma, a medal and lifetime stipend.