hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Al-Taqaddum Air Base
Al Taqaddum Airbase (Arabic: قاعدة التقدم الجوية) or Al Taqaddum AB (IATA: TQD, ICAO: ORAT), called TQ in military shorthand slang, is an air base that is located in central Iraq, approximately 74 kilometers (46 miles) west of Baghdad, at Habbaniyah. The airfield is served by two runways 13,000 and 12,000 feet (3,700 m) long. Since 2004, it has been known as Camp Taqaddum. ("Taqaddum" is an Arabic word which means "progress".) It was formerly known as Tammuz Airbase.

The airbase was originally built by the Royal Air Force (RAF) in 1952 as the subsidiary Plateau Airfield of nearby RAF Habbaniya, whose runway was inadequate for the larger long range and jet aircraft being introduced. The original RAF runway was subsequently extended by the Iraqis and a parallel runway added. Some of the RAF buildings (Nissen huts) were still standing in 2003.

Nissen hut
A Nissen hut is a prefabricated steel structure originally for military use, especially as barracks, made from a 210° portion of a cylindrical skin of corrugated iron placed over a steel and wood frame. It was designed during the First World War by Major Peter Norman Nissen. It was also used extensively during the Second World War and was adapted as the similar Quonset hut in the United States.
Brock Island
Brock Island is one of the uninhabited members of the Queen Elizabeth Islands of the Arctic Archipelago located in the Northwest Territories, Canada. Located at 77°51'N 114°27'W, it measures 764 km2 (295 sq mi) in size and lies close to Mackenzie King Island. The first known sighting of the island by a European was by Vilhjalmur Stefansson in 1915 and it was later named for Reginald W. Brock, Dean of Applied Science at the University of British Columbia.

Arctic Archipelago
The Arctic Archipelago, also known as the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, is an archipelago lying to the north of the Canadian continental mainland, excluding Greenland (an autonomous territory of the Danish Realm, which is, by itself, much larger than the combined area of the archipelago), and Iceland (an independent country).

Situated in the northern extremity of North America and covering about 1,424,500 km2 (550,000 sq mi), this group of 36,563 islands, surrounded by the Arctic Ocean, comprises much of Northern Canada, predominately Nunavut and the Northwest Territories. The archipelago is showing some effects of climate change, with some computer estimates determining that melting there will contribute 3.5 cm (1.4 in) to the rise in sea levels by 2100.
Perlimps
Perlimps is a 2022 Brazilian animated adventure fantasy film written, edited, animated and directed by Brazilian filmmaker and character animator Alê Abreu. The film was produced by the Brazilian independent company Buriti Filmes, in co-production with Globo Filmes, Gloob and Sony Pictures International Productions. The film premiered at the 2022 Annecy International Animation Film Festival and has been selected in several international animation festivals, including the Chicago International Children's Film Festival, where it has won the Children's Jury Prize for Best Animated Feature.

Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group
Sony Pictures Entertainment Motion Picture Group (formerly known as the Columbia TriStar Motion Picture Group until 2013, and abbreviated as SPMPG) is a division of Sony Pictures Entertainment to manage its motion picture operations. It was launched in 1998 by integrating the businesses of Columbia Pictures and TriStar Pictures.
St. Valentin auf der Haide
St. Valentin auf der Haide (Italian: San Valentino alla Muta) is a village in South Tyrol in the parish of Graun im Vinschgau in Italy. The village on the Reschen Pass lies at a height of 1,472 metres between the Haidersee and Reschensee on the scree slope of the Mals Heath. St. Valentin auf der Haide has about 800 inhabitants who predominantly earn a living from summer and winter tourism.

St. Valentin also has a ski resort, Haideralm, which is part of the Skiparadies Reschenpass. Since 1965 St. Valentin has been twinned with the municipal district of Überlingen in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

Überlingen
Überlingen (German pronunciation: [ˈyːbɐˌlɪŋən] ⓘ; Low Alemannic: Iberlinge) is a German city on the northern shore of Lake Constance (Bodensee) in Baden-Württemberg near the border with Switzerland. After the city of Friedrichshafen, it is the second-largest city in the Bodenseekreis (district), and a central point for the outlying communities. Since 1 January 1993, Überlingen has been categorized as a large district city (Große Kreisstadt).
2018 United States attorney general elections
The 2018 United States attorney general elections were held on November 6, 2018, in 30 states, 2 territories, and the District of Columbia. The previous attorney general elections for this group of states took place in 2014, except in Vermont where attorneys general serve only two-year terms and elected their current attorney general in 2016.

The elections took place concurrently with elections to the House of Representatives and Senate, and numerous state and local elections including governorships.

Democrats gained four elected attorney general offices, while Republicans gained zero offices. This caused Democratic attorneys general to constitute a majority of elected attorneys general in U.S. states, the last time this has happened as of 2025.

Ohio Attorney General
The Ohio attorney general is the chief legal officer of the state of Ohio in the United States.  The office is filled by general election, held every four years.  The current Ohio attorney general is Republican Dave Yost.
Metaceratodus
Metaceratodus is an extinct genus of prehistoric lungfish in the family Ceratodontidae, with an indeterminate specimen known from the Late Triassic (Norian)-aged Lissauer Breccia of Poland and more complete specimens known from the Late Cretaceous of Queensland, Australia and Argentina (Malargue Group). The genus was named and described by Frederick Chapman in 1914.

Frederick Chapman (palaeontologist)
Frederick Chapman (13 February 1864 – 10 December 1943) was an English-born Australian palaeontologist. He was the inaugural Commonwealth palaeontologist in Australia, and a world authority on Foraminifera.
Lawrence Hazard
Lawrence Hazard (May 12, 1897 – April 1, 1959) was an American playwright and screenwriter active between 1933 and 1958. He was born to Frederick H. Howard and resided for some time in New London, Connecticut. His career was cut short when he died at age 61 in 1959. His films include Man's Castle (1933) directed by Frank Borzage and starring Spencer Tracy and Loretta Young; Mannequin (1937) directed by Borzage and starring Joan Crawford and Spencer Tracy; Strange Cargo (1940) directed by Borzage and starring Clark Gable and Joan Crawford; The Spoilers (1942) starring Marlene Dietrich and John Wayne; Jackass Mail (1942) starring Wallace Beery; Dakota (1945) starring John Wayne and Walter Brennan, and numerous other films as well as scripts for television anthologies in the 1950s.

Frank Borzage
Frank Borzage (/bɔːrˈzeɪɡi/ né Borzaga; April 23, 1894 – June 19, 1962) was an American film director and actor. He was the first person to win the Academy Award for Best Director for his film 7th Heaven (1927) at the 1st Academy Awards.

Born to Italian and Swiss immigrant parents in Salt Lake City, Borzage began his career as a teenager performing with traveling theater groups throughout the western United States. He found employment in Hollywood in 1912, where he began directing and acting in short films before transitioning to feature films. Borzage's other directorial feature credits include Street Angel (1928), Bad Girl (1931), A Farewell to Arms (1932), Man's Castle (1933), History Is Made at Night (1937), The Mortal Storm (1940), and Moonrise (1948).

His final credited directorial work is the historical drama The Big Fisherman (1959), before his death from cancer in 1962.
Chemin de fer des Côtes-du-Nord
The Chemin de fer des Côtes-du-Nord (abbr. CdN, lit. Railway of the Côtes-du-Nord), the Côtes-d'Armor today, was a 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in), metre gauge, railway in Côtes-du-Nord, France, although there were a few kilometres of line in Finistère and Ille-et-Vilaine. The first lines opened in 1905 and final closure was in 1956. The lines were a voie ferrée d'intérêt local system with a total extent of 457 kilometres (284 mi).

The system was constructed in two stages, the initial lines built between 1905 and 1907, and the extensions during and after the First World War which were opened between 1916 and 1926. These lines would make the CdN slightly bigger than the Réseau Breton.

The first closures were in 1937, but the Second World War gave the CdN a stay of execution, and parts of the system remained open until 1956.

Finistère
Finistère (/ˌfɪnɪˈstɛər/; French: [finistɛʁ] ⓘ; Breton: Penn-ar-Bed [ˌpɛnarˈbeːt]) is a department of France in the extreme west of Brittany. Its prefecture is Quimper and its largest city is Brest. In 2019, it had a population of 915,090.
Mantle (geology)
A mantle is a layer inside a planetary body bounded below by a core and above by a crust. Mantles are made of rock or ices, and are generally the largest and most massive layer of the planetary body. Mantles are characteristic of planetary bodies that have undergone differentiation by density.  All terrestrial planets (including Earth), half of the giant planets, specifically ice giants, a number of asteroids, and some planetary moons have mantles.

Planetary-mass object
A planetary-mass object (PMO), planemo, or planetary body (sometimes referred to as a world) is, by geophysical definition of celestial objects, any celestial object massive enough to achieve hydrostatic equilibrium and assume an ellipsoid shape, but not enough to sustain core fusion like a star.

The purpose of this term is to classify together a broader range of celestial objects than just "planet", since many objects similar in geophysical terms do not conform to conventional astrodynamic expectations for a planet. Planetary-mass objects can be quite diverse in origin and location, and include planets, dwarf planets, planetary-mass moons and free-floating planets, which may have been ejected from a system (rogue planets) or formed through cloud-collapse rather than accretion (sub-brown dwarfs).
Mark Miller (racer)
Mark Miller (born October 24, 1962) is an American professional off-road racer, competing in both cars and on motorcycles.

Miller was born in Phoenix, Arizona, lives both in Arizona and Colorado, and has two sons, Nick and Sam.  His non-racing profession was investing, and his hobbies include enduro motorcycling, mountain bikes, fly fishing and snowmobiling.

He has competed in SCORE, NASCAR, Rally, Rally-Raid and other classes and competitions.  In April 2008 he competed in the 2008 Central Europe Rally, the first in the new series of events created by the promoters of the Dakar Rally.  Miller was competing for the Volkswagen factory team in a diesel Touareg (#206) but crashed out of the competition on the first day.

Before the 2010 Dakar Rally Sports Illustrated published this article

After Stage 5 of the 2010 Dakar Rally AutoSport wrote this article about Mark Miller winning the stage

In 2011 he published a book about his life, Dash-The Dakar Rally, Life and Happiness.

Enduro
Enduro is a form of motorcycle sport run on extended cross-country, off-road courses. Enduro consists of many different obstacles and challenges. The main type of enduro event, and the format to which the World Enduro Championship is run, is a time-card enduro, whereby a number of stages are raced in a time trial against the clock.
Bioinformatics, and Empirical & Theoretical Algorithmics Lab
The Bioinformatics, and Empirical and Theoretical Algorithmics Laboratory (BETA Lab or short β) is a research laboratory within the UBC Department of Computer Science. Founded in 2000 by Anne Condon, Will Evans, Holger H. Hoos, David G. Kirkpatrick and Nick Pippenger, the BETA Lab is the focus of research in bioinformatics, empirical algorithmics and theoretical computer science at the department.

The BETA Lab is home to faculty members, graduate students and summer interns. Since the inception of the BETA Lab, its members have solved problems in computer science and bioinformatics, including Boolean satisfiability (SAT), time-tabling, winner determination in combinatorial auctions, protein structure prediction in lattice models, as well as prediction and design of RNA secondary structures.

Within the UBC Department of Computer Science, the BETA Lab maintains close ties with the Laboratory for Computational Intelligence and Robotics (LCI) and other research groups.

Nucleic acid secondary structure
Nucleic acid secondary structure is the basepairing interactions within a single nucleic acid polymer or between two polymers. It can be represented as a list of bases which are paired in a nucleic acid molecule.
The secondary structures of biological DNAs and RNAs tend to be different: biological DNA mostly exists as fully base paired double helices, while biological RNA is single stranded and often forms complex and intricate base-pairing interactions due to its increased ability to form hydrogen bonds stemming from the extra hydroxyl group in the ribose sugar.

In a non-biological context, secondary structure is a vital consideration in the nucleic acid design of nucleic acid structures for DNA nanotechnology and DNA computing, since the pattern of basepairing ultimately determines the overall structure of the molecules.
2024 Dallas Open – Doubles
Max Purcell and Jordan Thompson defeated William Blumberg and Rinky Hijikata in the final, 6–4, 2–6, [10–8] to win the doubles tennis title at the 2024 Dallas Open.

Jamie Murray and Michael Venus were the reigning champions, but Murray chose not to participate this year and Venus chose to compete in Marseille instead.

Max Purcell
Max Purcell (born 3 April 1998) is an Australian suspended professional tennis player. He has reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 40 on 16 October 2023 and a doubles ranking of No. 8 on 9 September 2024.
In doubles, he won two Grand Slam titles at the 2024 US Open with  Jordan Thompson and at the 2022 Wimbledon Championships with Matthew Ebden. The pair also finished runners-up at the 2022 Australian Open. Purcell also reached the finals at the 2020 Australian Open with Luke Saville and at the 2024 Wimbledon with Thompson. In mixed doubles, Purcell reached the semifinals at the 2021 US Open with Dayana Yastremska. He represented Australia in both disciplines at the 2020 Olympic Games, partnering John Peers in doubles.

In April 2025, Purcell accepted to serve an 18-month competition ban, due to expire in June 2026, for an anti-doping rule violation.
Georg Trexler
Georg Max Trexler (February 9, 1903 in Pirna – December 15, 1979 in Leipzig) was a German composer.

Originally a student of economics at the University of Leipzig, he switched to music under the influence of Karl Straube, and became a choirmaster and organist at the St. Trinitatis church in Leipzig in 1930, continuing his work there for forty years.

He started teaching organ and conducting at the conservatory in 1935; he was drafted as a soldier in 1940, and ended the war as a US prisoner of war, before returning to Leipzig and the university.

Pope Paul VI awarded him the Order of St. Sylvester in 1967 for his contributions to Catholic music.

Order of St. Sylvester
The Pontifical Equestrian Order of Saint Sylvester (Latin: Ordo Sancti Silvestri Papae, Italian: Ordine di San Silvestro Papa), sometimes referred to as the Sylvestrine Order, or the Pontifical Order of Pope Saint Sylvester, is one of five orders of knighthood awarded directly by the Pope as Supreme Pontiff and head of the Catholic Church and as the Head of State of Vatican City. It is intended to honour Catholic laypeople who are actively involved in the life of the Church, particularly as it is exemplified in the exercise of their professional duties and mastership of the different arts. The order has been bestowed upon members of other Christian denominations as well, in addition to those of other religions.
2019 Gagarin Cup playoffs
The 2019 Gagarin Cup playoffs of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) began on 25 February 2019, with the top eight teams from each of the conferences, following the conclusion of the 2018–19 KHL regular season. The playoffs ended on 19 April 2019, when Continental Cup winners CSKA Moscow became the first team to win the Gagarin Cup finals in a series sweep, defeating Avangard Omsk in four games to win their first Gagarin Cup, after two previous Finals defeats.

2018–19 KHL season
The 2018–19 KHL season was the 11th season of the Kontinental Hockey League. The season started on 1 September 2018 and ended on 19 April 2019. Continental Cup winners CSKA Moscow became the first team to win the Gagarin Cup finals in a series sweep, defeating Avangard Omsk in four games to win their first Gagarin Cup, after two previous Finals defeats.
Bovadra
Bovadra is a painting by Ellen Banks. It is in the collection of the Addison Gallery of American Art in Andover, Massachusetts in the United States.

The painting comprises acrylic paint on canvas. Completed in 1975, Bovadra is an abstract artwork that features sharp, at times triangular shapes, in grey and white shades. It is almost landscape-like in appearance.

Bovadra was purchased by the Addison Gallery of American Art in 1975. It has been exhibited twice at the Addison Gallery:

1982, Afro-American Artists

1988, Large Scale Works: Drawings, Prints, Photographs, Sculpture and Painting from the Addison Gallery of American Art

Andover, Massachusetts
Andover is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. It was settled in 1642 and incorporated in 1646. At the 2020 census, the population was 36,569. It is located 20 miles (32 km) north of Boston and 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Lawrence. Part of the town comprises the census-designated place of Andover. It is twinned with its namesake: Andover, Hampshire, England.
Kasaba
Kasaba or Kasabaköy is a village in the Kastamonu District, Kastamonu Province, Turkey. Its population is 84 (2021). It is 17 kilometres outside Kastamonu, Turkey. It had a population of about 23,000 in 1905, when it had considerable local trade, but has since shrunk to only a few dozen households. Kasaba does not contain any ancient sites but does have an old mosque, the Mahmut Bey Camii (Mahmut Bey Mosque), built by a representative of Isfendiyarid dynasty in the second half of the 14th century.

Kastamonu District
Kastamonu District (also known as Merkez, meaning "central") is a district of the Kastamonu Province of Turkey. Its administrative seat is the city of Kastamonu. The district covers an area of 1,847 km2, and had a population of 152,541 in 2021.
Yanta, Lebanon
Yanta (Arabic: ينطا), is a village situated in Rashaya District, Beqaa Governorate, Lebanon, 79 kilometres (49 mi) from Beirut. It is located close to the Syrian border north of Kfar Qouq. Its inhabitants are Druze.

The village sits about 1,540 metres (5,050 ft) above sea level. The name is variously claimed to mean "God sows" or "God the sower" in Semitic, "white dove" in Syriac and "elevation" in Arabic. It has been noted that a special type of yellow marl (lake sediments) has been noticed in Yanta and the surrounding area dated to the Oxfordian. In 2001 and 2002, archaeological studies were carried out at Kamid al lawz near Yanta that unearthed a large amount of Ancient Greek pottery.

Oxfordian age
The Oxfordian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the earliest age of the Late Jurassic Epoch, or the lowest stage of the Upper Jurassic Series. It spans the time between 161.5 ± 1.0 Ma and 154.8 ± 0.8 Ma (million years ago). The Oxfordian is preceded by the Callovian and is followed by the Kimmeridgian.
Mirjam Müntefering
Mirjam Müntefering (born January 29, 1969, in Arnsberg, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German author and a lesbian.

She writes about LGBT themes, but also wrote a book on dog training. In 2000, she founded the dog obedience school "HUNDherum fit" in Hattingen. Müntefering is the daughter of Franz Müntefering.

Dtv Verlagsgesellschaft
The dtv Verlagsgesellschaft is a German publishing house headquartered in Munich. It was founded in 1960 by eleven publishers as a common paperback publishing house named "Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag" (German paperback publishing house). Starting in 1996, dtv also published original editions and first editions. Since 2012, dtv has its own program with hardcover books. In 2015 the company's sales, with its 125 employees, were €65 million. dtv publishes approximately 500 new books annually. Its inventory of available titles and e-books is around 7000.
In June 2015 the "Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag" became the "dtv Verlagsgesellschaft".

From 1996 to 2015, Wolfgang Balk was the publishing CEO of dtv.
Operation Hammer (1997)
Operation Hammer (Turkish: Çekiç Harekâtı) was the largest cross-border operation done in the history of Turkish Armed Forces into northern Iraq between 12 May and 7 July 1997 against the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK).

The operation's objectives were to destroy PKK units in northern Iraq, to strengthen Masoud Barzani's Kurdistan Democratic Party in its ongoing Civil War with Jalal Talabani's Patriotic Union of Kurdistan in the hope that the KDP would prevent further PKK raids into Turkey, and to counter Iranian influence in the region as Turkey accused Iran of supporting the PKK, and over 2,000 Iranian forces had entered Iraqi Kurdistan that year to aid the PUK.

Masoud Barzani
Masoud Barzani (Kurdish: مەسعوود‌ بارزانی, romanized: Mesûd Barzanî; born 16 August 1946) is a Kurdish politician who has been leader of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) since 1979, and was President of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq from 2005 to 2017.
1779 North Carolina gubernatorial election
A gubernatorial election was held in North Carolina on May 3, 1779. The incumbent governor of North Carolina Richard Caswell was re-elected.

Caswell led a coalition of Western radicals and Cape Fear River moderates that dominated North Carolina politics during the late 1770s. The contentious issue of confiscation contributed to conflict between the North Carolina Senate and the House of Commons during 1779 that mirrored the rising political factionalism in the legislature. Despite the challenge to the radical–moderate coalition posed by the conservative resurgence, Caswell remained personally popular notwithstanding the challenges facing the state government.

The election was conducted by the North Carolina General Assembly in joint session. Caswell was elected unanimously on the first ballot.

Political faction
A political faction is a group of people with a common political purpose, especially a subgroup of a political party that has interests or opinions different from the rest of the political party. Intragroup conflict between factions can lead to schism of the political party into two political parties. The ley de lemas electoral system allows the voters to indicate on the ballot their preference for political factions within a political party. Political factions can represent voting blocs. Political factions require a weaker party discipline. Research indicates that factions can play an important role in moving their host party along the ideological spectrum.
E vado via
"E vado via" is a 1991 song recorded as a duet by French singers Didier Barbelivien and Félix Gray. Written by Barbelivien with a music composed by Gray, this ballad was released in 1991 and became the third single from their 1991 album Les Amours cassées, on which it is the opening track. Lyrics are in French, except for the chorus which is sung in Italian by a female voice. It was a hit in France, peaking at number five, though it did not reach the same success as the duo's previous two singles.

Félix Gray
Félix Boutboul, best known by the pseudonym of Félix Gray (born 28 June 1958), is a French singer and songwriter.

He was born in Tunis. He has a daughter named Marie-Charlotte, born on 7 January 1991.