hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Casa Broggi
Casa Broggi is a monumental building located at the intersections of Via Dante, Via Meravigli, and Via Santa Maria Segreta, at the northwest end of Piazza Cordusio in Milan. The polygonal palace has facades on the three streets mentioned above with the most scenic being the narrow edge on Via Meravigli. The structure was built for multiple use, with ground floor shops and residential apartments on the higher floors. The site had once housed the church of San Nazaro in Pietrasanta, which had been demolished in the late 19th century.

The design was a collaboration in 1891 between Luigi Broggi and his pupil Giuseppe Sommaruga. Broggi lived in the palace after completion. The decoration is eclectic including columns, floral friezes, and telamons. Atypical for Milan is the Mansard roof, which gives the building a Parisian look. The building shows the movement towards the decorative Liberty style.

Giuseppe Sommaruga
Giuseppe Sommaruga (1867–1917) was an Italian architect of the Liberty style or Art Nouveau movement. He was the pupil of Camillo Boito and Luca Beltrami to the Brera Academy in Milan. His monumental architecture exerted some influence on the futurist architect Antonio Sant'Elia.

Some of his works:

Grand Hotel Campo Dei Fiori in Campo dei Fiori, close to Varese (1909–1912)

Mausoleo Faccanoni in Sarnico (1907)

Villa Faccanoni in Sarnico

Palazzina Salmoiraghi, Milan (destroyed)

Palazzo Castiglioni (1901–1904) in Milan

Villa Romeo Faccanoni (1912-1914), now part of Clinica Columbus, in Milan
Big Arm, Montana
Big Arm is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lake County, Montana, United States. The population was 177 at the 2010 census, up from 131 in 2000.

The town is situated on the south side of Big Arm, a large bay on Flathead Lake, hence its name. The name was used by the Kootenai people, who lived there prior to the town being established. The post office opened in 1911, with Marion F. Lamb as postmaster.

Big Arm State Park is located just north of the town.

Flathead Lake
Flathead Lake (Salish: člq̓etkʷ, Kutenai: yawuʔnik̓ ʔa·kuq̓nuk) is a large natural lake in northwest Montana, United States.

The lake is a remnant of the ancient, massive glacial dammed lake, Lake Missoula, of the era of the last interglacial. Flathead Lake is a natural lake along the mainline of the Flathead River. It was dammed in 1930 by Kerr Dam at its outlet on Polson Bay, slightly raising the lake level; the dam generates electricity. The hydroelectric has been owned and operated by the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes since 2015. It is one of the cleanest lakes in the populated world for its size and type.
Garrison Guitars
Garrison Guitars was a guitar manufacturing company originally founded by Chris Griffiths in Canada in 1999. The company became a subsidiary of Gibson in 2007, and its factory in St. John's was closed in 2010. During its existence, Garrison manufactured electric and acoustic guitars, as well as all-solid wood mandolins and mandolas.

Guitar manufacturing
Guitar manufacturing is the use of machines, tools, and labor in the production of electric and acoustic guitars. This phrase may be in reference to handcrafting guitars using traditional methods or assembly line production in large quantities using modern methods. Guitar manufacturing can also be broken into several categories such as body manufacturing and neck manufacturing, among others. Guitar manufacturing includes the production of alto, classical, tenor, and bass tuned guitars (with classical being the most widely used tuning).

A luthier is a person who has learned the craft of making string instruments including guitars, generally on a very small scale.
Rewilding Europe
Rewilding Europe is a non-profit organization based in Nijmegen, the Netherlands, dedicated to creating rewilded landscapes throughout Europe. The group's efforts have contributed to increasing the stock of previously endangered species such as the European bison and the Iberian lynx.

Eurasian griffon vulture
The Eurasian griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus) is a large Old World vulture in the bird of prey family Accipitridae. It is also known as the griffon vulture, although this term is sometimes used for the genus as a whole.
Politics of Rhodesia
Rhodesia had limited democracy in the sense that it had the Westminster parliamentary system with multiple political parties contesting the seats in parliament, but as the voting was dominated by the White settler minority, and Black Africans only had a minority level of representation at that time, it was regarded internationally as a racist country. It is thus an example of a state which practiced herrenvolk democracy.

The political party that held sway in the years after the unilateral declaration of independence was the Rhodesian Front, later known as the Republican Front. Ian Smith remained as Prime Minister until the country became Zimbabwe Rhodesia in 1979.

Zimbabwe Rhodesia
Zimbabwe Rhodesia (/zɪmˈbɑːbweɪ roʊˈdiːʒə, zɪmˈbɑːbwi roʊˈdiːʒə/), alternatively known as Zimbabwe-Rhodesia, also informally known as Zimbabwe or Rhodesia, was a short-lived unrecognised sovereign state that existed from 1 June 1979 to 18 April 1980, though it lacked international recognition. Zimbabwe Rhodesia was preceded by another state named the Republic of Rhodesia and was briefly under a British-supervised transitional government sometimes referred to as a reestablished Southern Rhodesia, which according to British constitutional theory had remained the lawful government in the area after Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) in 1965. Following the 1980 Southern Rhodesian general election, the country was granted internationally-recognised independence within the Commonwealth as the Republic of Zimbabwe.
Yosifov
Yosifov is a Bulgarian surname, and is a variation of Yosif, a Slavicised version of Yosef. Notable people with the surname include:

Viktor Yosifov (born 1985), Bulgarian volleyball player

Yordan Yosifov (1932–2014), Bulgarian footballer

Yordan Yosifov
Yordan Yosifov (Bulgarian: Йордан Йосифов, 12 August 1932 – 23 December 2014) was a Bulgarian footballer, who played at both professional and international levels, as a goalkeeper. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1956 Summer Olympics.
Trail of Stars
Trail of Stars is the ninth studio album by American alternative country band The Walkabouts released on August 2, 1999 through Glitterhouse Records. It's their return album to Glitterhouse, formerly Sub Pop Europe, after a two album detour with major label Virgin.

Sub Pop
Sub Pop is an independent record label founded in 1986 in Seattle by Bruce Pavitt and Jonathan Poneman. Sub Pop achieved fame in the early 1990s for signing Seattle bands such as Nirvana, Soundgarden, and Mudhoney, central players in the grunge movement. They are often credited with helping popularize grunge music. The label's roster includes Fleet Foxes, Tad, Beach House, The Postal Service, Sleater-Kinney, Flight of the Conchords, Foals, Blitzen Trapper, Father John Misty, clipping., Shabazz Palaces, Weyes Blood, Guerilla Toss, Bully,  La Luz, Low, METZ, Rolling Blackouts Coastal Fever, Kiwi Jr., Built to Spill, TV Priest and The Shins. In 1995, the owners of Sub Pop sold a 49% stake of the label to the Warner Music Group.
Salem Saleh (chess player)
Salem Abdulrahman Mohamed Saleh (born 4 January 1993) is an Emirati chess grandmaster. He was awarded the title of Grandmaster by FIDE in 2009. Saleh competed in the FIDE World Cup in 2011, 2013, 2015, 2021 and 2023.

Chess World Cup 2013
The Chess World Cup 2013 was a 128-player single-elimination chess tournament, played between 11 August and 2 September 2013, in the hotel Scandic Tromsø in Tromsø, Norway. It was won by Vladimir Kramnik, who defeated Dmitry Andreikin 2½–1½ in the final match. The finalists qualified for the 2014 Candidates Tournament.

The winner of the Chess World Cup 2011, Peter Svidler, was defeated by Dmitry Andreikin in the quarter-finals.
Mortaio da 260/9 Modello 16
The Mortaio da 260/9 Modello 16 - was an Italian Heavy mortar and Siege Gun designed by the French Schneider Company and produced under license in Italy by Ansaldo and Vickers-Terni for the Italian Army.  It was used by the Italian Army during both the First World War and Second World War.

Gun carriage
A gun carriage is a frame or a mount that supports the gun barrel of an artillery piece, allowing it to be maneuvered and fired. These platforms often had wheels so that the artillery pieces could be moved more easily. Gun carriages are also used on ships to facilitate the movement and aiming of large cannons and guns. These are also used in the funeral procession of any higher authority of any state and country.
Louis H. Schiff
Louis H. Schiff (born June 3, 1955) is a retired American judge, attorney, professor, historian and author. He served as a Broward County Court Judge in Florida from 1997 to 2024, recognized for educational sentencing practices, judicial education and judicial leadership. Schiff is an adjunct professor at Mitchell Hamline School of Law and co-author of Baseball and the Law: Cases and Materials (2016), a seminal casebook on baseball law and Attorneys in the Baseball Hall of Fame (2025)

Society for American Baseball Research
The Society for American Baseball Research (SABR) is a membership organization dedicated to fostering the research and dissemination of the history and statistical record of baseball. The organization was founded in Cooperstown, New York, on August 10, 1971, at a meeting of 16 "statistorians" coordinated by sportswriter Bob Davids. The organization now reports a membership of over 7,500 and is based in Phoenix, Arizona.
RNLB Ruby and Arthur Reed
Ruby and Arthur Reed (RNLI Official Number 990) was an Oakley-class lifeboat of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) stationed at Cromer in the English county of Norfolk from 30 April 1967 and was the No 1 lifeboat between various relief's until she was replaced after 17 years service by the Tyne-class Ruby and Arthur Reed II on 16 December 1985. During the time that the Ruby and Arthur Reed was on station at Cromer she performed 125 service launches, rescuing 58 lives.

Lifeboat (rescue)
A rescue lifeboat is a boat rescue craft which is used to attend a vessel in distress, or its survivors, to rescue crew and passengers. It can be hand pulled, sail powered or powered by an engine. Lifeboats may be rigid, inflatable or rigid-inflatable combination-hulled vessels.
Americamysis
Americamysis is a genus of mysid shrimps in the family Mysidae. The sensitivity of these shrimps to water quality makes them suitable for bioassays. Americamysis bahia and Americamysis almyra, which are used frequently to test for pesticides and other toxic substances, are often referred to as Mysidopsis bahia and Mysidopsis almyra in the literature.

Bioassay
A bioassay is an analytical method to determine the potency or effect of a substance by its effect on living animals or plants (in vivo), or on living cells or tissues (in vitro). A bioassay can be either quantal or quantitative, direct or indirect. If the measured response is binary, the assay is quantal; if not, it is quantitative.

A bioassay may be used to detect biological hazards or to give an assessment of the quality of a mixture. A bioassay is often used to monitor water quality as well as wastewater discharges and its impact on the surroundings. It is also used to assess the environmental impact and safety of new technologies and facilities.

Bioassays are essential in pharmaceutical, medical and agricultural sciences for development and launching of new drugs, vitamins, etc.
Kieron Dawson
Kieron Dawson (born 29 January 1975 in Bangor, County Down, Northern Ireland) is a retired Irish rugby union player who was a flanker for Ulster and Ireland.

He played for Bangor prior to his move to London Irish in 1996, he played 190 games in his 10 years at the Exiles. He was London Irish player of the season in 2000-01 and helped the club win the Powergen Cup in 2002.

He was capped at Ireland A, under-21, students and schoolboy levels and went on to win 21 Ireland caps and was part the 1999 Rugby World Cup squad. He also played for the Barbarians in the 2003-04 season.

In July 2011, Dawson was appointed head coach of Worthing Rugby Football Club.

RFU Knockout Cup
The RFU Knockout Cup was an English rugby union competition open to any member of the Rugby Football Union. First contested in 1971, it was the premier competition in English club rugby before the establishment of the English league structure in 1987.

The competition was replaced by the Anglo-Welsh Cup, involving 4 Welsh regional sides in addition to the 12 English Premiership clubs, beginning with the 2005–06 season.
Paralebeda femorata
Paralebeda femorata is a moth of the  family Lasiocampidae. It is found from the  Russian Far East, eastern Mongolia, Korea and north-eastern China over eastern and central China and Taiwan to Bhutan, Nepal, northern India, Pakistan and northern Vietnam.

The wingspan is 90–115 mm.

The larvae have been recorded feeding on Pithecellobium dulce, Quercus dentata and Quercus acutissima.

Quercus acutissima
Quercus acutissima, the sawtooth oak, is an Asian species of oak native to China, Tibet, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Siberia, Mongolia, Bangladesh, Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Brunei, Indochina (Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos), Himalayas (Nepal, Bhutan, Northeast India).  It is widely planted in many lands and has become naturalized in parts of North America.

Quercus acutissima is closely related to the Turkey oak, classified with it in Quercus sect. Cerris, a section of the genus characterized by shoot buds surrounded by soft bristles, bristle-tipped leaf lobes, and acorns that mature in about 18 months.
Northern zigzag salamander
The northern zigzag salamander (Plethodon dorsalis) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to the eastern United States and has been found in Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, and Mississippi. The northern zigzag salamander's natural habitat includes temperate forests, rocky areas, and caves. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Plethodontidae
Plethodontidae, or lungless salamanders, are a family of salamanders. With over 500 species, lungless salamanders are by far the largest family of salamanders in terms of their diversity. Most species are native to the Western Hemisphere, from British Columbia to Brazil. Only two extant genera occur in the Eastern Hemisphere: Speleomantes (native to Sardinia and mainland Europe south of the Alps) and Karsenia (native to South Korea).
Hichem Kaabeche
Hichem Kaabeche (born 12 March 1990) is an Algerian handball player for JSE Skikda.

He competed for the Algerian national team at the 2015 World Men's Handball Championship in Qatar.

He also participated at the 2013 World Championships.

2015 World Men's Handball Championship
The 2015 World Men's Handball Championship was the 24th staging of the World Men's Handball Championship, organised by the International Handball Federation (IHF). The final tournament was held for the first time in Qatar, from 15 January to 1 February 2015. The Qatari bid was selected over those of Norway, Poland and France after a vote by the IHF Council on 27 January 2011, in Malmö, Sweden. 
This was the third time that the World Championship was hosted in the Middle East And North Africa, after Egypt in 1999 and Tunisia in 2005.

France won the final against Qatar 25–22 to win their fifth title, a first in handball history while Qatar won their first ever medal.
Poland captured the bronze medal by defeating Spain 29–28 after extra time. Denmark secured the fifth place by winning against Croatia which finished sixth and thus had the worst result in the past 13 years of international handball competing.

The competition was marred by numerous controversies throughout.
Tales of Malamud
Tales of Malamud is the name of two, one-act operas by Marc Blitzstein based on two stories by American writer Bernard Malamud. Namely, “Idiots First” and “The Magic Barrel.” At the time of his death in 1964, Blitzen had yet to formally finish both of the operas. The project was completed by American composer Leonard Lehrman and subsequently premiered in March 1977 in Bloomington, Indiana.

The Magic Barrel
The Magic Barrel is a 1958 collection of thirteen short stories written by Bernard Malamud and published by Farrar, Straus & Giroux. Also,  the Jewish Publication Society released its own edition at the same time. It won the 1959 U.S. National Book Award for Fiction. It was also Malamud's debut collection of stories.
Dominique Browning
Dominique Browning is an American climate activist, writer, and editor who also co-founded environmental nonprofit Moms Clean Air Force, a special project of the Environmental Defense Fund.  From 1995 to 2007 she was the editor-in-chief of the Conde Nast shelter publication House & Garden. Prior to House & Garden she worked at Savvy, American Photographer, Esquire, Newsweek, and Mirabella. As the editor-in-chief of the re-launched House & Garden, she said she introduced global environment issues to the magazine, and sought to search for the more meaningful ideals behind the consumerism of Condé Nast publications.

Shelter magazine
A shelter magazine is a periodical publication with an editorial focus on interior design, architecture, home furnishings, and often gardening.

The term is most often used in the U.S. magazine publishing trade. The earliest example of this "chiefly N[orth] Amer[ican]" meaning recorded by the Oxford English Dictionary is from a New York Times article published on July 3, 1946, in reference to Your Own Home, a "shelter magazine devoted to low-cost housing", which was reported to have gained a new advertising manager.
Lincoln Heights (San Francisco)
Lincoln Heights is the 24th highest peak in the city of San Francisco, California, at 380 feet. Situated in the northwestestern portion of the city, the hill has the Legion of Honor museum near its peak. Notable features include the Lincoln Park golf course, the Lands End trail system, and some residential neighborhoods in the Richmond District.

Legion of Honor (museum)
The Legion of Honor, formally known as the California Palace of the Legion of Honor, is an art museum located in San Francisco, on the West Side of the city. Located in Lincoln Park, the Legion of Honor is a component of the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (FAMSF), which also administers the de Young Museum. In 2024, the two combined museums were ranked 15th in the Washington Post's list of the best art museums in the U.S.
Pak Chong district
Pak Chong (Thai: ปากช่อง, pronounced [pàːk tɕʰɔ̂ŋ]; Northeastern Thai: ปากช่อง, pronounced [pàːk sɔ̄ŋ]) is the westernmost district (amphoe) of Nakhon Ratchasima province, northeastern Thailand, and the main point of entry into Isan as the main road and rail lines cross the Dong Phaya Yen Mountains into the region. It is a popular tourist destination, especially among weekenders from Bangkok, and is home to many resorts and touristy attractions, in addition to the main entrance into Khao Yai National Park.

Khorat Plateau
The Khorat Plateau (Thai: ที่ราบสูงโคราช; Northeastern Thai: ที่ฮาบสูงโคราช) is a plateau in the northeastern Thai region of Isan. The plateau forms a natural region, named after the short form of Nakhon Ratchasima, a historical barrier controlling access to and from the area.
Leighton Buzzard Golf Club
Leighton Buzzard Golf Club is a golf club near the village of Heath and Reach, north of Leighton Buzzard in Bedfordshire, England. The club was founded in 1925 with a 9-hole golf course, that was later extended to 18 holes. The course has been ranked as one of the best in Bedfordshire.

Arthur Lacey was the club professional from 1927 to 1928. Ian Poulter was the assistant professional for several years before forging a career on the European Tour and the PGA Tour.

An earlier club with a similar name, Leighton Buzzard and District Golf Club, was founded in September 1905. This club took over the course formerly used by Grovebury Golf Club, and ceased to exist around 1915.

Ian Poulter
Ian James Poulter (born 10 January 1976) is an English professional golfer who plays in the LIV Golf League. He has previously been ranked as high as number 5 in the world rankings. The highlights of Poulter's career to date have been his two World Golf Championship wins at the 2010 WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship and the 2012 WGC-HSBC Champions, as well as being part of five Ryder Cup winning European teams. He is the touring professional for Woburn Golf and Country Club.
A¹ homotopy theory
In algebraic geometry and algebraic topology, branches of mathematics, A1 homotopy theory or motivic homotopy theory is a way to apply the techniques of algebraic topology, specifically homotopy, to algebraic varieties and, more generally, to schemes.  The theory is due to Fabien Morel and Vladimir Voevodsky.  The underlying idea is that it should be possible to develop a purely algebraic approach to homotopy theory by replacing the unit interval [0, 1], which is not an algebraic variety, with the affine line A1, which is.  The theory has seen spectacular applications such as Voevodsky's construction of the derived category of mixed motives and the proof of the Milnor and Bloch-Kato conjectures. It has also recently revolutionized the theory of enumerative geometry problems.

Unit interval
In mathematics, the unit interval is the closed interval [0,1], that is, the set of all real numbers that are greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.  It is often denoted I (capital letter I). In addition to its role in real analysis, the unit interval is used to study homotopy theory in the field of topology.

In the literature, the term "unit interval" is sometimes applied to the other shapes that an interval from 0 to 1 could take: (0,1], [0,1), and (0,1).  However, the notation I is most commonly reserved for the closed interval [0,1].
Brian Witkin
Brian Witkin is an entertainment attorney and entrepreneur from Del Mar, California as well as founder and CEO of Pacific Records, an independent record label based in San Diego, California. He is also a founding member of Hawaiian themed group, Slack Key Ohana. In 2005, at the age of 19, Witkin was featured in San Diego Magazine for young people to watch and in Feb. 2015 was named “Kickass Entrepreneur” in the San Diego Union Tribune  Witkin is the son of Joe Witkin the original pianist for the band Sha Na Na, and the grandson of Evelyn M. Witkin an American geneticist who was awarded the National Medal of Science by President George W. Bush in 2002 for her work on DNA mutagenesis and DNA repair  and the grandson of Herman Witkin, an internationally known American psychologist and senior research scientist at the Educational Testing Service in Princeton, N.J. Witkin is also the nephew of computer scientist Andrew Witkin

Evelyn M. Witkin
Evelyn M. Witkin (née Maisel; March 9, 1921 – July 8, 2023) was an American bacterial geneticist at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1944–1955),  SUNY Downstate Medical Center (1955–1971), and Rutgers University (1971–1991). 
Witkin was considered innovative and inspirational as a scientist, teacher and mentor.

Her work on DNA damage and DNA repair in bacteria is foundational to our understanding of such processes in living organisms. Her work has direct application to the effects of aging and to the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases such as cancer.
Witkin was awarded the National Medal of Science in 2002 for her pioneering work on DNA mutagenesis and DNA repair. In 2015, Witkin received the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research "for discoveries concerning the DNA-damage response - a fundamental mechanism that protects the genomes of all living organisms."