hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Durov
Durov (Russian: Дуров) or Durova is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anatoly Durov (1887–1928), Russian animal trainer

Andrei Durov (b. 1977), Russian footballer

Lev Durov (1931–2015), Soviet actor

Nadezhda Durova (1783–1866), Russian soldier

Nikolai Durov (b. 1980), Russian mathematician and programmer

Pavel Durov (b. 1984), Russian entrepreneur & VK.com creator

Valery Durov (born 1945), Russian philologist and teacher

Aleksandr Aleksandrov
Alexander Andreevich Alexandrov (born Nadezhda Andreyevna Durova; 17 September 1783 – 21 March 1866) was a Russian cavalry soldier and writer who participated in the Napoleonic Wars. Alexandrov was assigned female at birth, but solely presented as a man in adulthood.

At twenty-three, Alexandrov fled his home, and enlisted in an uhlan (light cavalry) regiment, dressing as a male soldier and taking on the name Alexander Sokolov. He served from 1806 to 1816, and received the Cross of St. George for bravery. After his service, he published a memoir, originally titled, "Notes of Alexsandrov", one of the earliest autobiographies in the Russian language. To his outrage, publishers disregarded the chosen name and title, re-titling it "Notes of N.A. Durova", and eventually The Cavalry Maiden.

Historians have traditionally regarded him as a female wartime cross-dresser, while several modern scholars describe him as a transgender man.
Alma Matters
"Alma Matters" is a song by Morrissey, released in July 1997 as the first single from the Maladjusted album. It was released one week before the album.

The single reached number 16 on the UK Singles Chart, becoming Morrissey's first top 20 hit since "The More You Ignore Me, the Closer I Get" in 1994. The song was also notable for seeing Morrissey reference the film A Taste of Honey (1961) for the first time since his early days in the Smiths in the line "it's my life to ruin my own way".

The song title is a pun on Alma mater.

A Taste of Honey (film)
A Taste of Honey is a 1961 British New Wave drama film directed by Tony Richardson and starring Rita Tushingham, Dora Bryan, Robert Stephens and Murray Melvin. It is an adaptation of the 1958 play of the same name by Shelagh Delaney. Delaney wrote the screenplay with Richardson, who had directed the original Broadway production of the play in 1960. As with the play, the film is an exemplar of a social realist genre of British cultural movement known as kitchen sink realism.
Yahaya Madawaki
Alhaji Yahaya Madawaki,  MFR, OBE, DLL and holder of King George VI Coronation Medal (January 1907 – June 5, 1998) was a prominent Nigerian politician, former Minister of Health, the Madawaki of Ilorin and the Atunluse of Erin-Ile, Kwara State.

Ahmadu Bello
Sir Ahmadu Bello GCON KBE (Hausa pronunciationⓘ; born Ahmadu Rabah; 12 June 1910 – 15 January 1966), also known by his title Sardauna of Sokoto, was a conservative Nigerian statesman who was one of the leading northern politicians in 1960 and served as its first and only premier from 1954 until his assassination in 1966, in which capacity he dominated national affairs for over a decade.

He was also the leader of the Northern People's Congress, the ruling party at the time, which was largely made up of the Hausa–Fulani elite. He had previously been elected into the regional legislature and later became a government minister. A member of the Sokoto Caliphate dynasty, he made attempts at becoming Sultan of Sokoto before later joining politics.
Prisca Emeafu
Prisca Emeafu  (born 30 March 1972) is former footballer who played as a defender for the Nigeria women's national football team. She was part of the national team at the 1995 FIFA Women's World Cup and 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup.

Nigeria women's national football team
The Nigeria women's national football team, nicknamed the Super Falcons, represents Nigeria in international women's football and is controlled by the Nigeria Football Federation (NFF). The team is Africa's most successful international women's football team, having won a record ten Women's Africa Cup of Nations titles; their most recent title in 2025, after defeating Morocco in the final. The team is also the only women's national team from the Confederation of African Football to have reached the quarterfinals in both the FIFA Women's World Cup and the Summer Olympics.

They are also one of the few teams in the world and only African team to have qualified for every edition of the FIFA Women's World Cup, with their best performance at the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup where they reached the quarterfinals.
Mariusz Rutkowski
Mariusz Rutkowski (born 5 September 1963) is a Polish sprint canoer who competed in the late 1980s and early 1990s. He won two medals in the K-4 10000 m event at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a silver in 1990 and a bronze in 1989.

ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships are an international event in canoe racing, one of two top-tier Summer Olympic sport events organized by the International Canoe Federation (the other being the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships). They are usually held every non-Olympic year and have officially included paracanoe events since 2010; paracanoe-specific editions of this event (named ICF Paracanoe World Championships) are usually held in Summer Paralympic years.

Prior to November 2008, canoe sprint was known as flatwater racing.
Supplement (album)
Supplement is the fourth studio album by Ai Nonaka (野中藍), released on 22 April 2009. Excluding the bonus track, the album contains eight new songs and three songs compiled from past singles. Nonaka wrote the lyrics of the bonus track, Oyasumi (おやすみ).

Ai Nonaka
Ai Nonaka (野中 藍, Nonaka Ai; born June 8, 1981) is a Japanese voice actress and singer. She works for Aoni Production and was formerly a member of the voice actor unit Drops, which included fellow voice actor Akemi Kanda, Tomoko Kaneda, Mariko Kōda, and Ryōko Shiraishi. In high school in Fukuoka, she was head of the drama club and her ambition was to play male roles in the famous all-female Takarazuka Revue.
Soyuz TM-33
Soyuz TM-33 was a crewed Russian spaceflight which launched on October 21, 2001, on the Soyuz-U launch vehicle. It carried Russian cosmonauts Viktor Afanasyev, Konstantin Kozeyev, and French cosmonaut Claudie Haigneré to the International Space Station. The European segment of the mission was called "Andromède".

Claudie Haigneré
Claudie Haigneré (French pronunciation: [klodi ɛɲəʁe]; née André; formerly Deshays; born 13 May 1957) is a French doctor, former politician and retired astronaut. The first female astronaut of the French Space Agency (CNES) and the European Space Agency (ESA) to go to space and to visit the ISS, she later was a government minister under Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin.
German trawler V 206 Otto Bröhan
Otto Bröhan was a German fishing trawler that was requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine in the Second World War for use as a Vorpostenboot, serving as V 207 Otto Bröhan and V 206 Otto Bröhan. She was scuttled at Caen, Calvados, France in June 1944. She was raised in March 1945 and converted to a survey ship for the French Navy, renamed Ingénieur Hydrographe Nicolas. She served until 1960 and was then scrapped.

Fishing trawler
A fishing trawler is a commercial fishing vessel designed to operate fishing trawls. Trawling is a method of fishing that involves actively dragging or pulling a trawl through the water behind one or more trawlers. Trawls are fishing nets that are pulled along the bottom of the sea or in midwater at a specified depth. A trawler may also operate two or more trawl nets simultaneously (double-rig and multi-rig).

There are many variants of trawling gear. They vary according to local traditions, bottom conditions, and how large and powerful the trawling boats are. A trawling boat can be a small open boat with only 30 horsepower (22 kW) or a large factory ship with 10,000 horsepower (7457 kW). Trawl variants include beam trawls, large-opening midwater trawls, and large bottom trawls, such as "rock hoppers" that are rigged with heavy rubber wheels that let the net crawl over rocky bottom.
2018 Coca-Cola Firecracker 250
The 2018 Coca-Cola Firecracker 250 was the 16th stock car race of the 2018 NASCAR Xfinity Series season and the 17th iteration of the event. The race was held on Friday, July 6, 2018, in Daytona Beach, Florida at Daytona International Speedway, a 2.5 miles (4.0 km) permanent triangular-shaped superspeedway. The race was extended from its scheduled 100 laps to 105 due to a NASCAR overtime finish. At race's end, a close, but controversial finish would see Chip Ganassi Racing driver Kyle Larson win his 11th career NASCAR Xfinity Series win and his third of his part-time season. To fill out the podium, Elliott Sadler of JR Motorsports and Christopher Bell of Joe Gibbs Racing would finish second and third, respectively.

In a controversial ruling, GMS Racing driver Justin Haley, who had initially won the race was instead disqualified from his win due to him passing Larson below the yellow line, moving him to the last position on the lead lap, which was 18th.

Justin Haley (racing driver)
Justin Christmann Haley (born April 28, 1999) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, driving the No. 16 Ram 1500 for Kaulig Racing. He previously went by his nickname J. J. Haley, until he switched to his first name in January 2016 to avoid confusion with fellow competitor J. J. Yeley. Haley owns Darkhorse Racecars, a dirt late model and dirt modified chassis manufacturer.

Haley had a shocking win in the 2019 Coke Zero Sugar 400 at Daytona in just his third career Cup Series start due to being in the lead, through pit strategy, under caution when lightning and eventual rain hit the area. After scoring his first Xfinity victory in 2020, Haley became the 32nd driver to win a race in all three NASCAR national touring series.
Shihuiyao Township, Qinghai
Shihuiyao Township (simplified Chinese: 石灰窑乡; traditional Chinese: 石灰窯鄉; pinyin: Shíhuīyáo Xiāng) is a township in Ping'an District, Haidong, Qinghai, China. In 2010, Shihuiyao Township had a total population of 4,849: 2,427 males and 2,377 females: 1,111 aged under 14, 3,311 aged between 15 and 65 and 427 aged over 65.

Haidong
36°28′24″N 102°24′38″E﻿ / ﻿36.4734°N 102.4106°E﻿ / 36.4734; 102.4106

Haidong (Chinese: 海东市; pinyin: Hǎidōng shì) is a prefecture-level city of Qinghai province in Western China. Its name literally means "east of the (Qinghai) Lake." On 8 February 2013 Haidong was upgraded from a prefecture (海东地区) into a prefecture-level city. Haidong is the third most populous administrative division in Qinghai after Xining and Golmud.

Haidong was historically populated by the Qiang people, although the area has been inhabited as early as 6000 years ago. In 121 BC the area was captured by Huo Qubing, defeating the Xiongnu. In 399 AD the Xianbei founded the state of Nanliang, with its capital in Ledu District.
Mordechai Elon
Mordechai (Moti) Elon (Hebrew: מרדכי (מוטי) אֵלון; born 9 December 1959) is an Israeli Religious Zionist rabbi. He has headed several Orthodox Jewish social organizations and institutions, most notably as Rosh Yeshiva of Yeshivat HaKotel in the Jewish Quarter of Jerusalem from 2002 to 2006. He has also hosted television and radio shows.

In 2010, Elon, an outspoken public opponent of homosexuality, was investigated for sexual misconduct as a result of revelations made by Takana, a religious forum dealing with allegations of sexual harassment in the Religious Zionist community. On 7 August 2013, he was convicted by the Jerusalem Magistrates Court on two counts of forcible sexual assault against a male minor. In addition, in December 2018 additional accusations of sexual misconduct on the part of Elon came to light.

Migdal, Israel
Migdal (Hebrew: מִגְדָּל, lit. 'Tower') is a town in the Northern District of Israel. It was founded in 1910, and granted local council status in 1949. In 2022 it had a population of 2,031. Migdal is located near  Ginosar, and about 8 km north of Tiberias. It has a shoreline on the Sea of Galilee, including the Tamar, Ilanot and Arbel beaches.
Red-cowled widowbird
The red-cowled widowbird (Euplectes laticauda) is a species of bird in the weaver family Ploceidae. Red-cowled widowbirds are found in grasslands and bush clearings in East Africa. They are known for their long tails and brilliant red badges, both which act as sexual ornaments. They are often associated with other widowbird and bishop species. They are polygynous, where males acquisition of territory is an important determinant in their access to mates. Red-cowled widowbirds have a wide range and there is little concern in terms of conservation status.

The red-cowled widowbird was formerly considered as conspecific with the red-collared widowbird (Euplectes ardens). The species were split based on the substantial difference in plumage and the tail lengths of males when in breeding plumage.

Two subspecies are recognised:

E. l. laticauda (Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823) – southeast Sudan, Eritrea and Ethiopia

E. l. suahelicus (Van Someren, 1921) – central Kenya to north Tanzania

Polygyny in animals
Polygyny (/pəˈlɪdʒɪni/; from Neo-Greek πολυγυνία, from  πολύ- (polú-) 'many' and  γυνή (gunḗ) 'woman, wife') is a mating system in which one male lives and mates with multiple females but each female only mates with a few males. Systems where several females mate with several males are defined either as promiscuity or polygynandry. Lek mating is frequently regarded as a form of polygyny, because one male mates with many females, but lek-based mating systems differ in that the male has no attachment to the females with whom he mates, and that mating females lack attachment to one another.

Polygyny is typical of one-male, multi-female groups and can be found in many species including: elephant seal, spotted hyena, gorilla, red-winged prinia, house wren, hamadryas baboon, common pheasant, red deer, Bengal tiger, Xylocopa sonorina, Anthidium manicatum and elk. Often in polygynous systems, females will provide the majority of parental care.
A Peace to End All Peace
A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East (also subtitled Creating the Modern Middle East, 1914–1922) is a 1989 history book written by Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction finalist David Fromkin, which describes the events leading to the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire during World War I, and the drastic changes that took place in the Middle East as a result, which he believed led to a new world war that is still continuing. It has been widely praised. Richard Holbrooke wrote: “Without knowledge of its backstory, no policymaker will get the region right... Of the vast array of books on the region, none is more relevant than Fromkin’s sweeping epic, A Peace to End All Peace.”  Wm. Roger Louis reviewed it in The New York Times,  judging the book "excellent ... Readers will come away... not only enlightened but challenged."  The Times of London described the book as “the truth and nothing but the truth.”

Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction
The Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are awarded annually for the "Letters, Drama, and Music" category. The award is given to a nonfiction book written by an American author and published during the preceding calendar year that is ineligible for any other Pulitzer Prize. The Prize has been awarded since 1962; beginning in 1980, one to three finalists have been announced alongside the winner.
1920 U.S. National Championships (tennis)
The 1920 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City and the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. The men's tournament, held in New York City, ran from August 30 until September 6, 1920, while the women's event in Chestnut Hill was held from September 20 through September 25, 1920. It was the 40th staging of the U.S. National Championships and the third Grand Slam tennis event of the year.

Marion Zinderstein
Marion Hall Zinderstein (May 6, 1896 – August 14, 1980) also known by her married name Marion Jessup, and also known as Marion Jessup MacLure, was a tennis player from the United States. At the 1924 Paris Olympics, she won a silver medal in the mixed doubles event partnering Vincent Richards.
Law enforcement in Madagascar
The law enforcement agencies of Madagascar include:

The National Gendarmerie (Malagasy: Zandarimariam-pirenena), the national police force of Madagascar, with 8,100 staff (in 2006) operating under the Ministry of Defense.

The Gendarmerie is supplemented by a Presidential Security Regiment.

A 3,000-member National Police under the Ministry of Interior, with a role in policing the cities.

A General Directorate of Information and Documentation Internal and External (Direction Générale de l'Information et de la Documentation, Intérieure et Exterieure—DGIDIE), a secret political police, was established under the Presidency of Didier Ratsiraka.

Malagasy National Police
The Malagasy National Police (Police Nationale Malagasy, MNP) is one of the national law enforcement agencies in Madagascar. Its activities are overseen by the Ministry of Public Security (Minisiteran’ny Filaminam-bahoaka, DRFC). The Malagasy National Police is responsible for performing law enforcement tasks in urban areas, while Malagasy National Gendarmerie and Malagasy Armed Forces, which is overseen by the Ministry of National Defense, are responsible for executing law enforcement tasks in rural areas, protecting government facilities, and running a maritime police contingent.
Situational offender
In criminology, the term situational offender is used in several meanings, their common denominator being nontypical character of the offense in question for the person according to some criteria.

Following the classical study of Martin R. Haskell and Lewis Yablonsky Criminology - Crime and Criminality (1974), a situational offender, as opposed to a career criminal, is a person who committed a crime under certain circumstances, but normally is not inclined to commit crimes and is unlikely to repeat the offense.

In sex crimes, a situational sex offender is one whose offense is associated with situational sexual behavior, i.e., sexual behavior different from the person's usual habits. This term is in an opposition to the preferential offender, whose offense is associated with the person's preferential behavior. For example, a preferential child molester is exclusively involved with children, whereas the situational ones are normally engaged in sexual behavior within their peer group.

Lewis Yablonsky
Lewis Yablonsky (November 23, 1924 – January 29, 2014) was an American sociologist, criminologist, author, and psychotherapist best known for his innovative and experiential work with gang members as well as with the counterculture of the 1960s.  He wrote seventeen books and taught for over thirty years at California State University, Northridge.
Supply Belcher
Supply Belcher (March 29, 1751 – June 9, 1836) was an American composer, singer, and compiler of tune books. He was one of the so-called Yankee tunesmiths or First New England School, a group of mostly self-taught composers who created sacred vocal music for local choirs. He was active first in Lexington, Massachusetts, then eventually moved to Farmington, Maine. Like most of his colleagues, Belcher could not make music his main occupation, and worked as tax assessor, schoolmaster, town clerk, and so on; nevertheless he was considerably well known for his musical activities, and even dubbed 'the Handell [sic] of Maine' by a local newspaper. Most of his works survive in The Harmony of Maine, a collection Belcher published himself in Boston in 1794.

John Tyrrell (musicologist)
John Tyrrell (17 August 1942 – 4 October 2018) was a British musicologist. He published several books on Leoš Janáček, including an authoritative and largely definitive two-volume biography. Tyrrell was born in Salisbury, Zimbabwe and worked as a professor of music and executive editor of The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. He died in 2018, aged 76.
George M. Prince
George Mather Prince (April 5, 1918 – June 9, 2009) was an American author and the co-creator of synectics with William J. J. Gordon.

Prince was born in Richmond, New York to Howard Prince, a surgeon, and Marguerite Prince. He grew up in Rochester, New York and attended Phillips Exeter Academy and Williams College. He joined the Arthur D. Little Consulting Company when he heard about the creativity experiments going on there.

George Prince died in Weston, Massachusetts at the age of 91.

Richmond, New York
Richmond is a town in Ontario County, New York, United States.  The population was 3,380 at the 2020 census. The town is named after Abigail Richmond Pitts, an early settler. The town of Richmond is on the western border of the county, south of Rochester.
Battle of Maniaki
The Battle of Maniaki was fought on May 20, 1825, in Maniaki, Greece (in the hills east of Gargalianoi) between Egyptian forces led by Ibrahim Pasha and Greek forces led by Papaflessas.

The battle ended in an Egyptian victory, during which both Greek commanders, Grigorios Papaflessas and Pieros Voidis, were killed in action.

Gargalianoi
Gargalianoi (Greek: Γαργαλιάνοι) is a town and a former municipality in Messenia, Peloponnese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Trifylia, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 122.680 km2. It is situated 4 km (2.5 mi) from the Ionian Sea coast, 18 km (11 mi) north of Pylos, 21 km (13 mi) south of Kyparissia and 43 km (27 mi) west of Kalamata. The Greek National Road 9 (Patras - Pyrgos - Pylos) passes through the town.
NP3-146
NP3-146 (NLRP3-IN-5) is an experimental drug which acts as an inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome. It inhibits the release of interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 which is usually triggered by inflammatory stimuli, and so terminates the resulting signalling cascade. It is used for research into various conditions in which chronic inflammation plays a role.

Interleukin 18
Interleukin-18 (IL-18), also known as interferon-gamma inducing factor is a protein which in humans is encoded by the IL18 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a proinflammatory cytokine. Many cell types, both hematopoietic cells and non-hematopoietic cells, have the potential to produce IL-18. It was first described in 1989 as a factor that induced interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production in mouse spleen cells. Originally, IL-18 production was recognized in Kupffer cells, and liver-resident macrophages. However, IL-18 is constitutively expressed in non-hematopoietic cells, such as intestinal epithelial cells, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells. IL-18 can modulate both innate and adaptive immunity and its dysregulation can cause autoimmune or inflammatory diseases.