hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Firat Güder
Firat Güder (FRSC) is a bioengineer, scientist, innovator and educator who is a professor of intelligent interfaces at Imperial College London.

Güder is the Chief Engineer and the Principal Investigator of the Güder Research Group which he founded in 2016 in the Department of Bioengineering at Imperial. In 2022, Güder was recognized as one of Ten Outstanding Young Persons of the World by Junior Chamber International for his contributions to science and technology, education, innovation and humanitarian efforts.

He was a Research Fellow at the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology at Harvard University. His position at Harvard was funded by the German Research Foundation International Fellowship. At Harvard, he worked with George Whitesides.

Ten Outstanding Young Persons of the World
Ten Outstanding Young Persons of the World (TOYP) program serves to formally recognize young people who excel in their chosen fields and exemplify the best attributes of the world's young people.  The program is sponsored by Junior Chamber International (JCI).

Young men and women may be nominated in one of ten categories. An international panel of judges then selects up to ten honorees, who are chosen from all of the nominations, regardless of category entered.  Past recipients have included sportspersons, those who have contributed to society in various ways, and those who have overcome handicaps.

Nominees are often submitted through the Junior Chamber organizations in their home countries.  Each national organization typically has a Ten Outstanding Young Persons program, which recognizes young people who exemplify the best attributes of that country's young people.

The international awards began in 1983 and were modelled after the programs sponsored by the national organizations.
Cycling club
A cycling club or cycling organisation is a society for cyclists. Clubs tend to be mostly local, and can be general or specialised. They can focus on cycle racing and/or cycling as a means of transport (utility cycling). In the United Kingdom, for example, the Cyclists' Touring Club, (CTC) is a national cycling association; the Tricycle Association, Tandem Club and the Veterans Time Trial Association, for those over 40, are specialist clubs. Members of specialist or national groups often also belong to local clubs.

Other groups support leisure cyclists or campaign for improved facilities for cyclists. The London Cycling Campaign, Friends of the Earth, and Greenwich Cyclists are examples of campaign groups.

London Cycling Campaign
The London Cycling Campaign (LCC) is an independent membership charity lobbying for better conditions for cycling in London. Its vision is to make London "a world-class cycling city". It is one of the largest urban cycling organisations in the world, with over 11,000 members.
VCard
vCard, also known as VCF ("Virtual Contact File"), is a file format standard for electronic business cards. vCards can be attached to e-mail messages, sent via Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), on the World Wide Web, instant messaging, NFC or through QR code. They can contain name and address information, phone numbers, e-mail addresses, URLs, logos, photographs, and audio clips.

vCard is used as a data interchange format in smartphone contacts, personal digital assistants (PDAs), personal information managers (PIMs) and customer relationship management systems (CRMs). To accomplish these data interchange applications, other "vCard variants" have been used and proposed as "variant standards", each for its specific niche: XML representation, JSON representation, or web pages.

Photograph
A photograph (also known as a photo, or more generically referred to as an image or picture) is an image created by light falling on a photosensitive surface, usually photographic film or an electronic image sensor. The process and practice of creating such images is called photography.

Photographs are now created using a smartphone or camera, which uses a lens to focus the scene's visible wavelengths of light into a reproduction of what the human eye would perceive.
1946 United States Senate election in Washington
The 1946 United States Senate election in Washington was held on November 5, 1946. Incumbent Democrat Hugh Mitchell, who had been appointed to fill the unexpired term of Monrad Wallgren, ran for a full term in office, but was defeated by Republican Mayor of Tacoma Harry Cain.

After this election, no Republican would be elected to either of Washington's U.S. Senate seats until 1980, when Slade Gorton defeated incumbent Warren Magnuson; while no Republican would win this Senate seat until 1983; when Daniel J. Evans defeated Mike Lowry in the special election after the death of Cain's successor, Henry M. Jackson.

Warren Magnuson
Warren Grant Magnuson (April 12, 1905 – May 20, 1989) was an American lawyer and politician who represented the state of Washington in Congress for 44 years, first as a representative from 1937 to 1944, and then as a senator from 1944 to 1981. Magnuson was a member of the Democratic Party. He was Washington state's longest-serving senator, serving over 36 years. During his final two years in office, he was the most senior senator and president pro tempore. Magnuson was the longest-serving member of Congress to end his career by being defeated for reelection.
Stun grenade
A stun grenade, also known as a flash grenade, flashbang, thunderflash, or sound bomb, is a non-lethal explosive device used to temporarily disorient an enemy's senses. Upon detonation, a stun grenade produces a blinding flash of light and an extremely loud "bang". They are often used in close-quarters combat, door breaching, and riot control, typically to stun enemies or distract them.

Originally developed to simulate explosions during military training, stun grenades were first used by the British Army Special Air Service's counterterrorist wing in the late 1970s, and have been used by police and military forces worldwide since.

Despite their less-lethal nature, stun grenades are still capable of causing harm, and can injure or kill when detonating in close proximity. They are also capable of sparking fires.

Close-quarters battle
Close-quarters battle (CQB), also called close-quarters combat (CQC), is a close combat situation between multiple combatants involving ranged (typically firearm-based) or melee combat. It can occur between military units, law enforcement and criminal elements, and in other similar situations. CQB is typically defined as a short duration, high intensity conflict characterized by sudden violence at close range.
Saihou Jagne
Saihou Jagne (French pronunciation: [sɛ.u ʒaɲ], born on 10 October 1986) is a Gambian professional footballer who plays as a striker and last played for Shillong Lajong FC in the I-League.
His nickname, CH (IPA: [ˈsêːhoː]), is an approximate Swedish pronunciation spelling of his given name. He also holds Swedish passport.

Pronunciation respelling
A pronunciation respelling is a regular phonetic respelling of a word that has a standard spelling but whose pronunciation according to that spelling may be ambiguous, which is used to indicate the pronunciation of that word. Pronunciation respellings are sometimes seen in word dictionaries.

The term should not be confused with pronunciation spelling which is an ad hoc spelling of a word that has no standard spelling. Most of these are nonce words though some have achieved a certain amount of standardization, e.g., the informal use of the word gonna to represent an informal pronunciation of going to.
Urethrorrhagia
Urethrorrhagia refers to urethral bleeding in the absence of urine associated with dysuria and blood spots on underwear after voiding. This condition, which often occurs in prepubertal boys at intervals several months apart over a period of many years, has a benign self-limited course. Radiological studies as well as endoscopic procedures are unnecessary in the early management of these patients thus being relegated to recurrent or persistent bleeding.

Dysuria
Dysuria refers to painful or uncomfortable urination.

It is one of a constellation of irritative bladder symptoms (also sometimes referred to as lower urinary tract symptoms), which includes nocturia and urinary frequency.
Salvatore Valitutti
Salvatore Valitutti (1907–1992) was an educator and liberal politician who served as the minister of public education in the cabinet led by Prime Minister Francesco Cossiga in the period 1979–1980. He was one of the proponents of the Montessori education movement.

Minister of Public Education (Italy)
This is a list of Italian ministers of public education (Italian: ministri della pubblica istruzione) since the birth of the Italian Republic in 1946. The list shows also the ministers that served under the same office but with other names, in fact this ministry has changed name many times. The minister of public education leads the  Ministry of Public Education.

The current minister is Giuseppe Valditara, a member of the League who is serving since 22 October 2022 in the government of Giorgia Meloni.
Isabel Allende (politician)
María Isabel Allende Bussi (US: /ɑːˈjɛndeɪ, -di/, UK: /æˈ-, aɪˈɛn-/, Spanish: [isaˈβel aˈʝende] ⓘ; born 18 January 1945) is a Chilean politician.

A member of the Socialist Party and the youngest daughter of former president of Chile Salvador Allende and Hortensia Bussi, Allende served as a deputy from 1994 to 2010 and in March 2010 she became a Senator for the Atacama Region. On 28 February 2014, she was selected as president of the Senate, a position previously held by her father in the 1960s, making her the first female president of the Senate in Chilean history.

On 3 April 2025, Chile's Constitutional Court removed Allende from office as a Senator, finding that she had engaged in business transactions incompatible with her office. She forfeited her seat on 9 April, some eleven months before her term was due to expire.

Senate of Chile
33°02′52″S 71°36′21″W﻿ / ﻿33.04778°S 71.60583°W﻿ / -33.04778; -71.60583

The Senate of the Republic of Chile is the upper house of Chile's bicameral National Congress, as established in the current Constitution of Chile.
Oxalis priceae
Oxalis priceae, the tufted yellow woodsorrel, is a species of flowering plant in the woodsorrel family. It is native primarily to southeastern North America, with a disjunct population being known from montane areas of Nuevo León, Mexico. This species is found in dry, rocky, calcareous areas such as cedar glades and cliff faces, but it is occasionally found in oak-pine woodlands and longleaf pine savanna as well.

Oxalis priceae is a highly rhizomatous perennial herb that flowers in the spring. It is distinguished from other Oxalis by its combination of large, strongly red-lines petals, densely villous stems, and rhizomatous habit.

Two closely related species, Oxalis texana and Oxalis florida, were once considered varieties of this species.

Calcareous
Calcareous (/kælˈkɛəriəs/) is an adjective meaning "mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate", in other words, containing lime or being chalky. The term is  used in a wide variety of scientific disciplines.
Chocolate spread
Chocolate spread is a sweet chocolate-flavored paste which is eaten mostly spread on breads and toasts or similar grain items such as waffles, pancakes, muffins, and pitas.

Although it tastes, smells, and looks like chocolate, it does not solidify, even at room temperature. The paste usually contains cocoa and vegetable oil, and is also likely to contain milk, sugar and additional flavors. Some varieties include nuts (e.g., ground hazelnuts) or honey. Chocolate spread is normally sold in glass jars or plastic tubs.

Chocolate spread is popular in countries such as the Netherlands and in Israel among Arab populations.

Hazelnut
The hazelnut is the fruit of the hazel tree and therefore includes any of the nuts deriving from species of the genus Corylus, especially the nuts of the species Corylus avellana. They are also known as cobnuts or filberts according to species.

Hazelnuts are used as a snack food, in baking and desserts, and in breakfast cereals such as muesli. In confectionery, they are used to make praline, and also used in combination with chocolate for chocolate truffles and products such as chocolate bars and hazelnut cocoa spreads such as Nutella. They are also used in Frangelico liqueur. Hazelnut oil, pressed from hazelnuts, is strongly flavored and high in monounsaturated fat. It is used as a cooking oil and as a salad or vegetable dressing.

In 2023, Turkey was the world's largest producer of hazelnuts, accounting for 57.7% of total production.
Jarno Salomaa
Jarno Salomaa, also credited as J.S., is a Finnish musician. He formed the funeral doom metal group Shape of Despair in 1995 under the name Raven (not to be confused with the NWOBHM band, Raven). Salomaa's first role was guitars and synth in Raven's Alone in the Mist, the first demo they made, although this demo was not released to the public. Salomaa then proceeded to appear in the first CD produced under the name Shape of Despair called Promo Tape 1998. While not a very grand name, the album contains the well-received songs of Quiet These Paintings Are and its outro entitled Outro.

An ex-member of the Finnish band Rapture, he is also a part of the doom/folk metal band The Mist and the Morning Dew with the roles of acoustic and lead guitars. Salomaa is still member of Shape of Despair and currently appears to have no plans on retirement.

Funeral doom
Funeral doom is a subgenre of death-doom with heavy influence from funeral dirge music. Low-tuned guitars, death growls, instruments that emulate pipe organ sounds and ponderous pace are typical traits of this style.
Sericitic alteration
Sericitic alteration or sericitization is a process of mineral alteration caused by hydrothermal fluids invading permeable country rock. Plagioclase feldspar within the rock is converted to sericite (sericite is not a mineral; it is a term that is used to describe any fine-grained white phyllosilicate when a distinction cannot be determined), which typically consists of fine-grained white mica and related minerals. Sericitic alteration occurs within the phyllic alteration zone.

Feldspar
Feldspar (/ˈfɛl(d).ˌspɑːr/ FEL(D)-spar; sometimes spelled felspar) is a group of rock-forming aluminium tectosilicate minerals, also containing other cations such as sodium, calcium, potassium, or barium. The most common members of the feldspar group are the plagioclase (sodium-calcium) feldspars and the alkali (potassium-sodium) feldspars. Feldspars make up about 60% of the Earth's crust and 41% of the Earth's continental crust by weight.

Feldspars crystallize from magma as both intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks and are also present in many types of metamorphic rock. Rock formed almost entirely of calcic plagioclase feldspar is known as anorthosite. Feldspars are also found in many types of sedimentary rocks.
Miss Earth México 2011
Miss Earth México 2011 was the 10th Miss Earth México pageant, held at the Chetumal in Quintana Roo, Mexico, on September 17, 2011.

Claudia Mollinedo of Tabasco crowned Casandra Ananké Becerra Vázquez of Distrito Federal as her successor at the end of the event. Bacerra represented Mexico in Miss Earth 2011 held in Quezon City, Philippines. She placed in Top 8 and won special award Best in Evening Gown.

Tabasco
Tabasco, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Tabasco, is one of the 32 federal entities of Mexico. It is divided into 17 municipalities and its capital city is Villahermosa.

It is located in southeast Mexico and is bordered by the states of Campeche to the northeast, Veracruz to the west, and Chiapas to the south and the Petén department of Guatemala to the southeast. It has a coastline to the north with the Gulf of Mexico. Most of the state is covered in rainforest as, unlike most other areas of Mexico, it has plentiful rainfall year-round. The state is also home to La Venta, the major site of the Olmec civilization, considered to be the origin of later Mesoamerican cultures. It produces significant quantities of petroleum and natural gas.
Arhopala havilandi
Arhopala havilandi is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by George Thomas Bethune-Baker in 1896. It is found in the Indomalayan realm.

A. havilandi is similar to achelous, but the male above darker blue; the markings beneath but slightly darker on the earth-brown ground. The female exhibits a violet reflection, a narrow black
costal stripe and a black distal margin of 3 to 4 mm width.

George Thomas Bethune-Baker
George Thomas Bethune-Baker (20 July 1857, in Birmingham – 1 December 1944, in Eastbourne) was an English entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera, especially those in the family Lycaenidae of butterflies.

His collection is partly in the Museum of Zoology Cambridge University and partly in the Natural History Museum, London.
2012 BNP Paribas Primrose Bordeaux
The 2012 BNP Paribas Primrose Bordeaux was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the fifth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2012 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Bordeaux, France between 14 and 20 May 2012.

Teymuraz Gabashvili
Teymuraz Besikovich Gabashvili (Russian: Теймураз Бесикович Габашвили, IPA: [tɛɪ̯mʊˈraz ɡəbɐˈʂvʲilʲɪ]; born 23 May 1985) is a Russian-Georgian former professional tennis player. He has a career-high singles ranking of World No. 43 achieved on 1 February 2016. He has reached the fourth round of the 2010 and 2015 French Open.

On 18 November 2021, Gabashvili was banned from competition for 20 months after testing positive for furosemide.
Luke Charlesworth
Luke Charlesworth (born 4 February 1992) is a New Zealand male badminton player. In 2014, he became the champion at the New Zealand National Badminton Championships. He also won the 2013 New Caledonia International tournament in the men's doubles event and the runner-up in the singles event. At the Oceania Championships, he won the men's singles bronze in 2012 and silver in 2015.

New Zealand National Badminton Championships
New Zealand National Badminton Championships are officially held since the year 1927. In the following years they became the best bad mitten players and their record will never be beaten says James woods a new anilast
The Fleeing of a Two-Legged Bookcase
The Fleeing of a Two-Legged Bookcase Live Album (Chinese: 兩腳書櫥的逃亡 演唱會Live; pinyin: Liǎng jiǎo shū chú de táo wáng yǎn chàng huì Live) is the first concert live album by William Wei. Wei held his first major concert on September 18, 2010 at the Taipei International Convention Center, which was recorded for this live release. The 2-CD album contains 23 tracks from the live set, including songs from Wei's debut album as well as three previously unreleased songs: 'Why Life' (外·賴), 'She'll be an Angel', 'Me, a Pig, and His Girlfriend' (我 一只豬 和他的女朋友). Besides, he also covered some of his all-time pop favorites, including famous numbers of A-mei, Khalil Fong, James Blunt, and Maroon 5. The album was released on 3 June 2011, by Linfair Records.

Khalil Fong
Khalil Fong Tai-tung (Chinese: 方大同; 14 July 1983 – 21 February 2025) was a Hong Kong singer-songwriter, notable for infusing a R&B and soul sensibility into Chinese pop music. He won the 28th Golden Melody Award for Best Male Mandarin Singer for his album Journey to the West (2016).
Tulia Medina
Tulia Angela Medina Alcalde (born March 18, 1983, in Cali, Valle del Cauca) is a female weightlifter from Colombia. She won a gold medal at the 2007 Pan American Games for her native South American country. Medina twice represented Colombia at the Summer Olympics: in 2004 and 2008.

Valle del Cauca Department
Valle del Cauca (Spanish for "Cauca Valley"; Spanish pronunciation: [ˈbaʎe ðel ˈkawka]), is a department in western Colombia abutting the Pacific Ocean. Its capital is Santiago de Cali. Other cities such as Buenaventura, Buga, Cartago, Palmira and Tuluá have great economical, political, social and cultural influence on the department's life. Valle del Cauca has the largest number of independent (i.e., nonmetropolitan) towns with over 100,000 inhabitants in the country, counting six within its borders. Buenaventura has the largest and busiest seaport in Colombia, moving about 8,500,000 tons of merchandise annually.
Sinhá Moça (1986 TV series)
Sinhá Moça (Little Missy) is a Brazilian telenovela produced and displayed at the time of 18 hours (6:00 PM, or 6 in the afternoon) by TV Globo, 28 April to 14 November 1986, in 168 chapters. It substituted De Quina pra Lua and was succeeded by Direito de Amar.

Written by Benedito Ruy Barbosa, it is freely inspired by the novel of the same name by Maria Dezonne Pacheco Fernandes, with the collaboration of Edmara Barbosa and Edilene Barbosa and direction of Reynaldo Boury and Jayme Monjardim.

Jayme Monjardim
Jayme Monjardim Matarazzo (São Paulo, São Paulo, May 19, 1956) is a Brazilian TV and film director. He is the only child of André Matarazzo Filho and Maysa Matarazzo.

He is the former husband of actress Ingra Liberato, divorced without issue. He has also been married to Fernanda Lauer, with whom he had two children (Maria Fernanda Matarazzo and Jayme Matarazzo Filho). With actress Daniela Escobar, whom he married in 1995 and divorced in 2003, he had a son named André Matarazzo (born in 1998). On March 10, 2007, Jayme Monjardim married singer Tânia Mara. In September 2010, Mara gave birth to their first child, a daughter, named after Monjardim's famous mother, Maysa.

His works as TV director include the telenovelas Pantanal, Terra Nostra, O Clone, América and Viver a Vida. He also directed the film Olga.
Kato Tithorea
Kato Tithorea (Greek: Κάτω Τιθορέα, Lower Tithorea) is a town in Phthiotis, in central Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Amfikleia-Elateia, of which it is the seat. It has a population 1,841 according to the 2011 Greek census. It is situated on the right bank of the river Cephissus and between the Parnassus and Kallidromo mountains, 11 km east of Amfikleia and 24 km northwest of Livadeia. Nearby places includes Panagitsa (northeast), Agia Paraskevi (southeast) and Tithorea (southwest).

Phthiotis
Phthiotis (Greek: Φθιώτιδα, Fthiótida [fθi'otiða]; ancient Greek and Katharevousa: Φθιῶτις) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the administrative region of Central Greece. The capital is the city of Lamia.  It is bordered by the Malian Gulf to the east, Boeotia in the south, Phocis in the south, Aetolia-Acarnania in the southwest, Evrytania in the west, Karditsa regional unit in the north, Larissa regional unit in the north, and Magnesia in the northeast.  The name dates back to ancient times. It is best known as the home of Achilles.