hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Folkways
Folkways can refer to:

Folkways or mores, in sociology, are norms for routine or casual interaction

Folkways Records, a record label founded by Moe Asch of the Smithsonian Institution in 1948 
Verve Folkways, an offshoot of Folkways Records formed in 1964
Smithsonian Folkways, the record label of the Smithsonian Institution, which incorporated Folkways Records in 1987
Folkways: The Original Vision, a 1989 album produced by Smithsonian Folkways documenting the origins of Folkways Records
Folkways: The Original Vision (Woody and LeadBelly), a 2005 expanded version of the 1989 album

Folkways: a study of the sociological importance of usages, manners, customs, mores, and morals, a 1906 book by William Graham Sumner

Folkways: A Vision Shared, a 1988 album produced by CBS paying tribute to American musicians Woody Guthrie and Lead Belly

William Graham Sumner
William Graham Sumner (October 30, 1840 – April 12, 1910) was an American clergyman, social scientist, and neoclassical liberal. He taught social sciences at Yale University, where he held the nation's first professorship in sociology and became one of the most influential teachers at any major school.

Sumner wrote extensively on the social sciences, penning numerous books and essays on ethics, American history, economic history, political theory, sociology, and anthropology. He supported laissez-faire economics, free markets, and the gold standard, in addition to coining the term "ethnocentrism" to identify the roots of imperialism, which he strongly opposed.  As a spokesman against elitism, he was in favor of the "forgotten man" of the middle class—a term he coined. He had a prolonged influence on American conservatism.
Hyposmocoma chilonella
Hyposmocoma chilonella is a species of moth of the family Cosmopterigidae. It was first described by Lord Walsingham in 1907. It is endemic to the Hawaiian islands of Kauai, Oahu, Maui, Molokai and Hawaii.

The larvae of the nominate subspecies are whitish and feed on Acacia koa, Aleurites moluccanus, Cheirodendron gaudichaudii, Coprosma foliosa and other Coprosma species, Metrosideros, Pipturus, Rubus hawaiiensis and Smilax sandwicensis. They bore in dead wood or pith. The larvae of subspecies H. c. percondita probably feed on dead wood. Larvae of subspecies H. c. triocellata have been recorded boring in dead wood of Cheirodendron, Hibiscus, Pipturus, Pittosporum, Rubus hawaiiensis and Wikstroemia. Larvae of subspecies H. c. venosa bore in dead wood of Wikstroemia.

Cheirodendron
Cheirodendron is a genus of flowering plant in the family Araliaceae. All six species in the genus are endemic to Polynesia. The five Hawaiian species are generally called ʻōlapa, and occur in wet forests on all major islands as well as some mesic forests, such as Kipuka Puaulu.
Bruno Siciliano (footballer)
Bruno Siciliano (born 19 January 1938) is a retired Brazilian professional footballer who played as a forward. He spent most of his career in Italy with L.R. Vicenza, Venezia, Juventus, and Bari before finishing his career playing for the New York Generals of the National Professional Soccer League.

Venezia FC
Venezia Football Club is an Italian professional football club based in Venice, Veneto, that currently plays in Serie B, the second tier of Italian football.

Originally founded as Venezia Foot Ball Club in 1907, the club have spent a large part of their history in Italy's top two divisions.

Venezia's biggest achievement to date was winning the Coppa Italia in the 1940–41 season. They followed this cup success up with their highest Serie A finish of third place in the following season.
Gerlache Island
Gerlache Island is the largest of the Rosenthal Islands lying off Gerlache Point on the west coast of Anvers Island, in the Palmer Archipelago of Antarctica. It was first roughly charted and named "Pointe de Gerlache" by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, for Lieutenant Adrien de Gerlache. As a result of surveys by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1956–58, this island is considered to be the feature named by Charcot; there is no prominent point in this vicinity which would be visible from seaward.

Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition
The Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE) was an aerial survey of the Falkland Islands Dependencies and the Antarctic Peninsula which took place in the 1955–56 and 1956–57 southern summers.

Funded by the Colonial Office and organized by Peter Mott, the survey was carried out by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd.  The expedition was based at Deception Island and utilized the Oluf Sven, two Canso flying-boats, and several helicopters.

The photographic collection, held by the British Antarctic Survey as the United Kingdom Antarctic Mapping Centre, comprises about 12,800 frames taken on 26,700 kilometers of ground track.
Dennis Bradshaw
Dennis Allene Bradshaw (born August 14, 1936) is an American former tennis player.

A native of San Diego, Bradshaw won the singles title at the Delaware Grass Court Championships in 1954.

Bradshaw has the unusual distinction of reaching the quarter-finals the only time she appeared in a grand slam tournament, at the 1954 U.S. National Championships. Following a walkover win over fourth-seed Margaret duPont in the third round, she lost her final eight match to Darlene Hard in three sets.

In 1955 she represented the United States at the Pan American Games in Mexico.

1954 U.S. National Championships (tennis)
The 1954 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, New York. The tournament ran from 28 August until 6 September. It was the 74th staging of the U.S. National Championships, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year.
Kattradhu Kalavu
Kattradhu Kalavu (transl. Learned thievery) is a 2010 Indian Tamil-language action film written and directed by Balaji Devi Prasad, an erstwhile advertisement filmmaker. It stars Kreshna of Alibhabha fame and Vijayalakshmi in the lead roles, while choreographer Kalyan, Sampath Raj, Ganja Karuppu, Cochin Hanifa, and Santhana Bharathi play supporting roles. The music was composed by Paul Jacob with editing by Kasi Viswanathan and cinematography by Nirav Shah. The film was released on 28 May 2010.

Sampath Raj
Sampath Raj (born 25 December 1968) is an Indian actor who works predominantly in Tamil and Telugu films, in addition to Kannada and Malayalam films.

He is best known for his appearances in director Venkat Prabhu's trilogy, which includes Chennai 600028, Saroja, and Goa. In addition to these films, he has played supporting roles in various other projects, often portraying negative characters. He won the Nandi Award for Best Villain for his performance in Mirchi (2013). After a sabbatical, he returned to Kannada cinema with Shourya (2010).
Edith Schultze-Westrum
Edith Käthe Elisabeth Schultze-Westrum (30 December 1904 – 20 March 1981) was a German film actress. She appeared in more than 60 films between 1932 and 1979. These included the role of Mrs. Hudson in the 1962 film Sherlock Holmes and the Deadly Necklace.

Sherlock Holmes and the Deadly Necklace
Sherlock Holmes and the Deadly Necklace (German: Sherlock Holmes und das Halsband des Todes) is a 1962 mystery film directed by Terence Fisher and written by Curt Siodmak, based on the characters Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson created by Arthur Conan Doyle. It stars Christopher Lee as Holmes and Thorley Walters as Watson, along with Senta Berger, Hans Söhnker, Hans Nielsen, and Ivan Desny.

The film was an international co-production between West German, French, and Italian companies, led by Artur Brauner's CCC Filmkunst. It was released in West Germany by Constantin Film on November 30, 1962, and received mixed reviews.
Alex McNeill
Alexander McNeill was a Scottish footballer who played as an outside left in the early part of his career, and as a left half towards its end. He spent most of his playing days with Port Glasgow Athletic over two spells, winning the Scottish Division Two title in 1901–02 and playing his part in them retaining top-division status for the next four seasons. He also had short spells with St Bernard's and Abercorn.

McNeill was selected for the Scottish Football League XI on one occasion, a 6–0 win over the Irish League representative team in February 1900. He was the only serving Port Glasgow player to feature for the SFL XI.

He should not be confused with Daniel McNeill (possibly a relative) or Alexander Neil, both of whom played for Port Glasgow in the same era (Neil also played for Abercorn).

Scottish Football League XI
The Scottish League XI was a representative side of the Scottish Football League. The team regularly played against the (English) Football League and other national league select teams between 1892 and 1980. For a long period the annual fixture between the English and Scottish leagues was only second in importance to the matches between the two national teams. The fixture declined in importance after regular European club competition was instituted in the 1950s; matches in the 1960s and 1970s were played irregularly and poorly attended. A match involving a Scottish League XI was last played in 1990, to mark the centenary of the League.
Soufian El Hassnaoui
Soufian El Hassnaoui (born 28 October 1989) is a Dutch-Moroccan professional footballer who last played for IR Tanger, as a striker. He has previously played for Dutch sides De Graafschap and Sparta Rotterdam, and the Scottish Premiership side Heart of Midlothian.

Scottish Championship
The Scottish Championship known as the William Hill Championship for sponsorship reasons, is the second tier of the Scottish Professional Football League, the league competition for men's professional football clubs in Scotland. The Scottish Championship was established in July 2013, after the Scottish Professional Football League was formed by a merger of the Scottish Premier League and Scottish Football League.
Ormestad
Ormestad is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Even Ormestad (born 1978), Norwegian bassist and producer

Helmut Ormestad (1913–1993), Norwegian physicist

Marius Ormestad (1874–1964), Norwegian trade unionist

Helmut Ormestad
Helmut Ormestad (12 May 1913 – 10 August 1993) was a Norwegian physicist and researcher at the University of Oslo, specializing in acoustics. In 1983, he was awarded the Cappelen Prize (a literary award) for co-writing the physics textbook series Rom Stoff Tid with fellow Norwegian physicists Otto Øgrim and Kåre Lunde.
Kanysh Satbayev
Kanysh Imantayuli Satbayev (11 April 1899 – 31 January 1964) was a Kazakh professor, geologist and one of the founders of Soviet metallogeny (specifically the Kazakhstani school) and the principal advocate and first president of Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences.

He was a doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences (1942), Professor (1950), Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR (1946), member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1946), and the first president of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR. He is famous as the geologist who discovered the Ulutau-Dzhezkazgan copper deposit that was, at the time, amongst the largest copper reserves discovered.

Jezkazgan
Jezkazgan (also spelled Zhezkazgan) is a city and the administrative centre of Ulytau Region, Kazakhstan. Its urban area includes the neighbouring mining town of Satpayev, for a total city population of 148,700. Jezkazgan's population was 86,227 (2009 census results); 90,001 (1999 census results).

55% of Zhezqazghan's population are Kazakhs and 30% Russians, with smaller minorities of Ukrainians, Germans, Chechens and Koreans.
2008 ABA All-Star Game
The 2008 American Basketball Association All-Star Game was held at the 1,856 seat Barre Auditorium in Barre, Vermont on March 21–22, 2008, where East defeated West in style, 161–140 in front of 1,500 basketball fans. Anthony Anderson of the Manchester Millrats won the MVP award. Senegalese player Issa Konare and Chinese Sun Yue were the only foreigners of the All-Star Game.

Saint John Riptide
The Saint John Riptide were a Canadian professional basketball team based in Saint John, New Brunswick, that had home games at Harbour Station. They were a member of the National Basketball League of Canada (NBL Canada) in the Atlantic Division. The team was one of two professional basketball teams from the province of New Brunswick, the other being the Moncton Magic.

Established in 2007 as the Manchester Millrats (an expansion team based in Manchester, New Hampshire, which played in the American Basketball Association (ABA), a year later it moved to the Premier Basketball League (PBL). In 2010, it relocated to Saint John as the Saint John Mill Rats, and in 2016 it was renamed as the Riptide.

In 2019, the team was granted a one-season hiatus by the league, yet it has since been inactive.
Governor Benjamin T. Romualdez General Hospital and Schistosomiasis Center
The Governor Benjamin T. Romualdez General Hospital and Schistosomiasis Center is a public hospital in the Palo, Philippines. It was originally created as a research arm of the Schistosomiasis Control and Research Service and to provide clinical services to patients of schistosomiasis in the country. Formerly named as Schistosomiasis Control and Research Hospital, it is now authorized to service up to one hundred beds.

Palo, Leyte
Palo (IPA: [pɐ'loʔ]), officially the Municipality of Palo (Waray: Bungto han Palo; Tagalog: Bayan ng Palo), is a Philippine municipality in the province of Leyte. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 80,291 people, making it the most populous municipality (non-city) in the province.

The municipality is the seat of most government departments, bureaus, and regional offices of Region VIII, although some are situated at the neighboring city of Tacloban. The municipality is also home to the offices of the ecclesiastical government of the Archdiocese of Palo; the archbishop's residence; as well as the secondary, tertiary, and theology seminaries of the archdiocese.

On March 17, 2022, the new Leyte Provincial Capitol in Palo was inaugurated by President Rodrigo Duterte, officially moving the seat of provincial government to the municipality pending an enabling law changing the provincial capital from the current highly urbanized city of Tacloban.
Merhi
Merhi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charbel Georges Merhi (born 1937), Spanish bishop

Fawzi Merhi (born 1950), Lebanese fencer

Jalal Merhi (born 1967), Brazilian-born Lebanese-Canadian martial artist, actor and filmmaker

Joseph Merhi (1912–2006), Egyptian bishop

Roberto Merhi (born 1991), Spanish racing driver

Yucef Merhi (born 1977), Venezuelan artist, poet and computer programmer

Zaher O. Merhi, American endocrinologist

Roberto Merhi
Roberto Merhi Muntan (born 22 March 1991) is a Spanish racing driver, who competes in the GT300 class of Super GT for Team LeMans and also serves as sporting director for Spanish F4 team TC Racing. Merhi competed in Formula One at 14 Grands Prix in 2015.

Merhi previously competed in Formula E for Mahindra and drove in Formula One. Merhi has also raced in the Formula Renault 3.5 Series for Pons, and won the Formula 3 Euro Series championship, whilst driving for Prema. In 2018, he drove for MP and Campos in the FIA Formula 2 Championship. Since 2019, he has competed in sportscar racing, including finishing third in the 2019–20 Asian Le Mans Series.
Jack Wallace (rugby union)
Jack Wallace is an English rugby union player. He plays fullback and wing. He currently plays for Richmond RFC in the Greene King IPA Championship. He previously played for Wasps RFC.

He was released by Bristol in April 2018, Richmond announcing his arrival in June of that year.

Richmond F.C.
Richmond Rugby Club is a rugby union club in Richmond, London, England. It is a founding member of the Rugby Football Union, and is one of the oldest football clubs (of any code). It fields teams in both men's and women's rugby; the men's first team currently play in Champ Rugby in the 2nd tier of the English rugby union system, following their promotion from the 2024–25 National League 1, while the women's first team play in the Women's Championship.
Justinava, Kėdainiai
Justinava (historically Polish: Ustinowo) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, central Lithuania. It is located by the northern limits of the Kėdainiai city, nearby the Nevėžis river and Babėnai forest. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 7 people.

Nevėžis
The Nevėžis (/nɪˈvɛʒɪs, nɛ-/; Lithuanian: [nʲɛˈvʲěːʑɪs] ⓘ) is the sixth longest river in Lithuania and one of the main tributaries of the Nemunas. The 209 km (130 mi) long Nevėžis flows entirely within Lithuania. Among the rivers that flow exclusively within Lithuania's borders, the Nevėžis is the second longest, after the Šventoji. Its source is in the Anykščiai District Municipality. The river first flows in a northwesterly direction, but at Panevėžys it turns southwest, and passing Kėdainiai, flows into the Neman just west of Kaunas near Raudondvaris.
Pyrazolone
Pyrazolone is 5-membered heterocycle containing two adjacent nitrogen atoms. It can be viewed as a derivative of pyrazole possessing an additional carbonyl (C=O) group.  Compounds containing this functional group are useful commercially in analgesics and dyes.

Pyrazole
Pyrazole is an organic compound with the formula (CH)3N2H. It is a heterocycle characterized as an azole with a 5-membered ring of three carbon atoms and two adjacent nitrogen atoms, which are in ortho-substitution. Pyrazoles are also a class of compounds that have the ring C3N2 with adjacent nitrogen atoms. Pyrazole itself has few applications but many substituted pyrazoles are of commercial interest.  Notable drugs containing a pyrazole ring are celecoxib (celebrex) and the anabolic steroid stanozolol.
George Salier
George Salier (1813 – 11 June 1892) was an Australian politician.

Salier was born in 1813. He arrived in Tasmania in 1839 and went on to be a prominent merchant, shipowner and whaler.

He owned four ships that made 30 whaling voyages from Hobart between 1868 and 1888.

In 1866 he was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly, representing the seat of Hobart Town. He resigned in 1869, was re-elected in 1870 and transferred to the new seat of North Hobart in 1871. In 1886 he moved to the Tasmanian Legislative Council, representing the seat of Hobart until his death in Hobart in 1892.

Electoral district of Hobart Town
The electoral district of Hobart Town was a multi-member electoral district of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. It was based in Tasmania's capital city, Hobart, and its suburbs.

The seat was created as a five-member seat ahead of the Assembly's first election held in 1856, and was abolished at the 1871 election, when it was divided up into the seats of Central, East, North, South and West Hobart.

The seat was later recombined in 1897 as the seat of Hobart.
Shirgaon, Palghar district
Shirgaon is a village in the Palghar district of the state of Maharashtra, India. It can be reached by State Transport busses or other public transportation from Palghar Station on the Mumbai - Ahmedabad train route. It has an extremely long beach with Kelva Beach on one side and Satpati on the other.

Shirgaon, a village of Bhandari, Mali, Kolis (Mangela Kolis / Vaity), Vadval, Adivasi and Muslim Community.

Mahikawati temple of Vadry and Hanuman mandir of Tembhy are oldest temple in this village. Muslim community comes with sultan of Gujarat, bahadur Shah. During Somnath Looting by MOhd. Gazanavi, Somnath refugees took shelter in the 11th century by Gujarati Somnath Junagad Mali. They followed Maharashtrian customs instead Gujarati. They are farmers and major area of Shirgaon and Satpati is covered by them. Marathas (Mainly Bhandari and Koli Community) attacked on the Fort of Vasai, Kelwe, Mahim as well as Tarapore and won the battle.

Palghar
Palghar (pronunciationⓘ) is a prominent town in the Konkan division of Maharashtra state, India, and a municipal council. It is strategically located within the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, and has been the administrative capital of the Palghar district since 2014. Palghar plays a crucial role in Western Line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway in the busy Mumbai-Ahmedabad rail corridor. The town is located approximately 87 kilometers north of Mumbai, about 35 kilometers north of Virar, and about 24 kilometers west of the Mumbai-Ahmedabad National Highway at Manor. Palghar is located in western part of Maharastra.Mumbai is approximately 50 km from Palghar.
Duchy of Ferrara
The Duchy of Ferrara (Latin: Ducatus Ferrariensis; Italian: Ducato di Ferrara; Emilian: Ducà ad Frara) was a state in what is now northern Italy. It consisted of about 1,100 km2 south of the lower Po River, stretching to the valley of the lower Reno River, including the city of Ferrara. The territory that was part of the Duchy was ruled by the House of Este from 1146 to 1597.

Borso d'Este, already Duke of Modena and Reggio, and lord of Ferrara, was raised to Duke of Ferrara by Pope Paul II. Borso and his successors ruled Ferrara as a quasi-sovereign state until 1597, when it came under direct papal rule.

Reno (river)
The Reno (Italian: [ˈrɛːno]; Emilian: Raggn [ˈrɐɲː] or Ränn [ˈræŋː]) is a river of Emilia-Romagna and Tuscany, northern Italy. At 211 km (131 mi), it is the tenth longest river in Italy (the sixth longest of those that flow directly into the sea) and the most important of the region apart from the Po.

It has a drainage basin of 4,628 square kilometres (1,787 mi2). The annual average discharge at the mouth is about 95 cubic metres per second (3,400 cu ft/s); at the point where the river flows into the Pianura Padana (Po River Plain), it amounts to about 25 cubic metres per second (880 cu ft/s). The highest values registered at its outflow into the Po Plain have approached 2,300 cubic metres per second (81,000 cu ft/s), but the typical value when the river is in flood is around 1,000 cubic metres per second (35,000 cu ft/s). The minimal discharge reported is 0.6 cubic metres per second (21 cu ft/s).
Charlotte Sometimes (film)
Charlotte Sometimes is a 2002 drama film written, directed, and produced by Eric Byler. The title is taken from the song Charlotte Sometimes by The Cure, which in turn is based on the book Charlotte Sometimes by Penelope Farmer.

Penelope Farmer
Penelope Jane Farmer (born 1939) is an English fiction writer well known for children's fantasy novels. Her best-known novel is Charlotte Sometimes (1969), a boarding-school story that features a multiple time slip.