hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Douglas Hamlet
Douglas Hamlet (died 13 February 1995) was a convicted murderer who was executed by Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (SVG). His execution, along with that of Franklin and David Thomas, are the most recent executions performed by SVG, and questions about the fairness of Hamlet's conviction have been raised.

Hamlet was convicted of murder and received a mandatory death sentence. The only evidence against Hamlet was the eyewitness testimony of a 14-year-old girl, who allegedly saw Hamlet committing the crime from a distance of 150 to 220 yards on a rainy day. He continued to maintain his innocence up to his execution. He was executed by hanging.

Eyewitness testimony
Eyewitness testimony is the account a bystander or victim gives in the courtroom, describing what that person observed that occurred during the specific incident under investigation. Ideally this recollection of events is detailed; however, this is not always the case. This recollection is used as evidence to show what happened from a witness' point of view. Memory recall has been considered a credible source in the past but has recently come under attack as forensics can now support psychologists in their claim that memories and individual perceptions can be unreliable, manipulated, and biased. As a result of this, many countries, and states within the United States, are now attempting to make changes in how eyewitness testimony is presented in court. Eyewitness testimony is a specialized focus within cognitive psychology.
Katoghike Church, Yerevan
Katoghike Holy Mother of God Church (Armenian: Կաթողիկե Սուրբ Աստվածածին եկեղեցի, Kat'oghike Surp Astvatsatsin yekeghetsi), is a small medieval church in the Kentron District of Yerevan, the capital of Armenia.

Garegin II
Catholicos Garegin II (Armenian: Գարեգին Բ, also spelled Karekin; born 21 August 1951) is the Catholicos of All Armenians, the supreme head of the Armenian Apostolic Church, since 1999. In 2013 he was unanimously elected the Oriental Orthodox head of the World Council of Churches for the next eight years.
1997 Constitution of Fiji: Chapter 6
Chapter 6: The Parliament. Chapter 6 of the Fiji Constitution is titled The Parliament.  The five Parts, further subdivided into forty sections making up this chapter, set out the composition, functions, and powers of Fiji's bicameral legislature.

Prime Minister of Fiji
The prime minister of Fiji is the head of government of the Republic of Fiji. The prime minister is appointed under the terms of the 2013 Constitution. The prime minister is the head of the Cabinet and appoints and dismisses ministers.
Diba Chandra Hrangkhawl
Diba Chandra Hrangkhawl is a politician from Tripura, India. In the 2013 assembly elections, he represented Karamcherra constituency in Unakoti district in Tripura Legislative Assembly.

In 2016, he was one of the six MLAs from Indian National Congress who joined All India Trinamool Congress, due to unhappiness with party because of allying Communist Party of India (Marxist) in 2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election.

In August 2017, he was one of the six MLAs from All India Trinamool Congress who joined Bharatiya Janata Party after they voted against party line in the 2017 Indian presidential election.

2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly elections were held in 2016 for all 294 seats of the Vidhan Sabha in the Indian state of West Bengal. The All India Trinamool Congress under Mamata Banerjee won 211 seats, and thus returned to power with an enhanced majority. As in the 2011 election, the election was held in six phases, with the first phase divided into two days. The first phase was held in Naxalite-Maoist affected red corridor areas with two polling dates: 4 April and 11 April. The other phases were held on 17, 21, 25, 30 April and 5 May. The result of the election was declared on 19 May.

In the previous election in 2011, the All India Trinamool Congress in a coalition with INC won a majority and ended the 34-year rule of the Left Front government in the state.
Physis
Physis (/ˈfaɪsɪs/; Ancient Greek: φύσις [pʰýsis]; pl. physeis, φύσεις) is a Greek philosophical, theological, and scientific term, usually translated into English—according to its Latin translation "natura"—as "nature". The term originated in ancient Greek philosophy, and was later used in Christian theology and Western philosophy. In pre-Socratic usage, physis was contrasted with νόμος, nomos, "law, human convention". Another opposition, particularly well-known from the works of Aristotle, is that of physis and techne – in this case, what is produced and what is artificial are distinguished from beings that arise spontaneously from their own essence, as do agents such as humans. Further, since  Aristotle the physical (the subject matter of physics, properly  τὰ φυσικά "natural things") has been juxtaposed to the metaphysical.

Western philosophy
Western philosophy refers to the philosophical thought, traditions, and works of the Western world. Historically, the term refers to the philosophical thinking of Western culture, beginning with the ancient Greek philosophy of the pre-Socratics. The word philosophy itself originated from the Ancient Greek φιλοσοφία (philosophía), literally, 'the love of wisdom', from Ancient Greek: φιλεῖν (phileîn), 'to love', and σοφία (sophía), 'wisdom'.

Western philosophy stands in contrast to other cultural and regional traditions like Eastern philosophy.
Helen Clayton
Helen Victoria Clayton (born 17 June 1971) is a former English female rugby union player born in Billinge Higher End near Wigan. She represented England at the 2006 Women's Rugby World Cup. She retired after the 2006 World Cup. She is currently the manager of HITZ Rugby, a community programme run by Premiership Rugby.

England women's national rugby union team
The England women's national rugby union team, commonly known as the Red Roses, represents England in women's international rugby union. They compete in the annual Women's Six Nations Championship with France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales. England have won the championship on a total of 21 out of 30 occasions  – winning the Grand Slam 19 times and the Triple Crown 25 times – making them the most successful side in the tournament's history. They have won the Women's Rugby World Cup on three occasions (1994, 2014, and 2025), and have been runners-up on six other occasions. Their current permanent head coach, as of October 2023, is John Mitchell. They currently hold the longest ever winning streak in rugby, of 33 consecutive games as of the 2025 World Cup final.
Sharur-Daralayaz uezd
The Sharur-Daralayaz uezd was a county (uezd) of the Erivan Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire.  It bordered the governorate's Erivan and Nor Bayazet uezds to the north, the Nakhichevan uezd to the south, the Zangezur and Jevanshir uezds of the Elizavetpol Governorate to the east, and Persia to the southwest. It included most of the Vayots Dzor Province of present-day Armenia and the Sharur District of the Nakhchivan exclave of present-day Azerbaijan. The administrative centre of the county was Bashnorashen (present-day Sharur).

Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)
The Caucasus Viceroyalty was a special administrative unit of the Russian Empire located in the Caucasus region, existing from 1801 to 1917 under the governance of various administrative offices. It included the present-day countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, as well as the Russian republics of Adygea, Chechnya,  Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia and North Ossetia–Alania and portions of Southern Russia and Turkey.

Russia conquered the Caucasus in the early 19th century, beginning with the annexation of the Georgian Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti and continuing with the Caucasian War and a series of conflicts against the Ottoman and Persian empires.
Satre (Etruscan god)
Satre or Satres was an Etruscan god who appears on the Liver of Piacenza, a bronze model used for haruspicy. He occupies the dark and negative northwest region, and seems to be a "frightening and dangerous god who hurls his lightning from his abode deep in the earth." It is possible that Satre is also referred to with the word "satrs" in the Liber Linteus ("Linen Book," IX.3), the Etruscan text preserved in Ptolemaic Egypt as mummy wrappings.

Satre is usually identified with the Roman god Saturn, who in a description by Martianus Capella holds a position similar to that of Satre on the liver. The name Satre may be only an Etruscan translation of Saturnus, or Saturnus may derive from the Etruscan; it is also possible that the two deities are unrelated. No image in Etruscan art has been identified as Satre: "this deity remains a riddle."

Martianus Capella
Martianus Minneus Felix Capella (fl. c. 410–420) was a jurist, polymath and Latin prose writer of late antiquity, one of the earliest developers of the system of the seven liberal arts that structured early medieval education. He was a native of Madaura.

His single encyclopedic work, De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii ("On the Marriage of Philology and Mercury"), also called  De septem disciplinis ("On the seven disciplines"), is an elaborate didactic allegory written in a mixture of prose and elaborately allusive verse.

Martianus often presents philosophical views based on Neoplatonism, the Platonic school of philosophy pioneered by Plotinus and his followers.

Like his near-contemporary Macrobius, who also produced a major work on classical Roman religion, Martianus never directly identifies his own religious affiliation. Much of his work occurs in the form of dialogue, and the views of the interlocutors may not represent the author's own.
Ivan Pozharsky
Ivan Pozharsky (Russian: Иван Алексеевич Пожарский; 27 August 1905 – 7 August 1938) was a Soviet military commissar and posthumous Hero of Soviet Union.

He was born in 1905 in Ardatov, in the Ardatovsky Uyezd of the Simbirsk Governorate of the Russian Empire (now Mordovia, Russia). Pozharsky joined the Communist Party in 1926. He served in the Red Army as a military commissar. He died in Battle of Lake Khasan near Zaozyornaya Sopka and Khasan Lake after being wounded while rallying his men to attack. Pozharsky continued to fight despite his wounds and died at the height of the battle. He was buried in Kraskino (now Khasansky District).

District and village in Primorsky Krai, and streets in a few Russian cities, were named after him.

Khasansky District
Khasansky District (Russian: Хаса́нский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-two in Primorsky Krai, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the krai, wedged between the Tumen River and the Peter the Great Gulf, and shares a border with both China and North Korea. The area of the district is 4,130.0 square kilometers (1,594.6 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Slavyanka. Population:  35,541 (2010 census); 37,459 (2002 census); 43,709 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Slavyanka accounts for 39.5% of the district's total population.
Kirsi Boström
Kirsi Boström (née Tiira; born 20 May 1968, in Parikkala) is a Finnish orienteering competitor and World champion.  She won the 1999 Classic distance World Orienteering Championships. She won a gold medal at the 1995 World Orienteering Championships in Detmold with the Finnish relay team. She received silver medals with the relay team in 1993 (West Point) and in 1999 (Inverness).

Detmold
Detmold (German pronunciation: [ˈdɛtmɔlt] ⓘ) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, with a population of 74,229. It was the capital of the small Principality of Lippe from 1468 until 1918 and then of the Free State of Lippe until 1947. Today it is the administrative center of the district of Lippe and of the Regierungsbezirk Detmold. The Church of Lippe has its central administration located in Detmold. The Reformed Redeemer Church is the preaching venue of the state superintendent of the Lippe church.
Kerstin Kassner
Kerstin Kassner (born 7 January 1958) is a German politician. Born in Radebeul in the Bezirk Dresden of East Germany, she represents The Left. Kerstin Kassner has served as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern since 2013.

Bezirk Dresden
The Bezirk Dresden was a district (Bezirk) of East Germany that lasted from 1952 to 1990. Dresden would be reabsorbed into Saxony after the reunification of Germany. The administrative seat and the main town was Dresden.
Basarabă of Caransebeș family
The Basarabă of Caransebeș family (Latin: Bazaraba de Karansebes, Hungarian: karánsebesi Baszaraba) was a Romanian noble family from what today is Banat, Romania, whose members held various positions in the administrative structure of the Banate of Lugoj and Caransebeș (Hungarian: Karánsebesi-Lugosi Bánság), part of the Principality of Transylvania (Hungarian: Érdelyi Fejedelmség) in the 16th and 17th centuries.

Banate of Lugos and Karánsebes
Banate of Lugos and Karánsebes (Hungarian: Karánsebesi-Lugosi bánság, Romanian: Banatul de Lugoj-Caransebeș, Serbian: Лугошка и карансебешка бановина, romanized: Lugoška i karansebeška banovina) was an administrative and territorial entity (banate) of the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom and the Principality of Transylvania. It existed from the first half of the 1536, up to the 1658. The banate was organized as a militarized border area, created in order to defend the region from the advancing Ottoman Empire. Centered in cities of Lugoj and Caransebeș, it was encompassing the south-eastern part of the modern region of Banat, inhabited in those times by Hungarians, Romanians and Serbs.
Aub Kelly
Aubrey Jean Aitkenhead 'Aub' Kelly (1904–1974) was an Australian rugby league player who played in the 1920s.

Born in Neutral Bay, New South Wales in 1904, Aub 'Jockey' Kelly went on to play five seasons with St George between 1924 and 1929. A forward, he also represented New South Wales, playing 9 games between 1926 and 1927. He retired from Sydney to captain-coach Young in 1930–1931, before marrying a Queensland woman in 1932 and moving to Blackall, Queensland.

Kelly died on 17 September 1974, in Queensland aged 70.

Blackall, Queensland
Blackall is a rural town and locality in the Blackall-Tambo Region, Queensland, Australia. The town is the service centre for the Blackall-Tambo Region. The dominant industry in the area is grazing with over 70 homesteads in the locality (as at 2020). In the 2021 census, the locality of Blackall had a population of 1,365 people.

Yalleroi is another town in the north of the locality (24°04′05″S 145°45′33″E﻿ / ﻿24.0680°S 145.7591°E﻿ / -24.0680; 145.7591﻿ (Yalleroi (town centre))).
James Cockle
Sir James Cockle FRS FRAS FCPS (14 January 1819 – 27 January 1895) was an English lawyer and mathematician.

Cockle was born on 14 January 1819. He was the second son of James Cockle, a surgeon, of Great Oakley, Essex. Educated at Charterhouse and Trinity College, Cambridge, he entered the Middle Temple in 1838, practising as a special pleader in 1845 and being called in 1846. Joining the midland circuit, he acquired a good practice, and on the recommendation of Chief Justice Sir William Erle he was appointed as the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Queensland in Queensland, Australia on 21 February 1863; he served until his retirement on 24 June 1879. Cockle was made a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) on 1 June 1865. He received the honour of knighthood on 29 July 1869.  He returned to England in 1878.

Cambridge Philosophical Society
The Cambridge Philosophical Society (CPS) is a scientific society at the University of Cambridge.  It was founded in 1819. The name derives from the medieval use of the word philosophy to denote any research undertaken outside the fields of law, theology and medicine. The society was granted a royal charter by King William IV in 1832. The society is governed by an elected council of senior academics, which is chaired by the Society's President, according to a set of statutes.

The society has published several scientific journals, including Biological Reviews (established 1926) and Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society (formerly entitled Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, published since 1843).  Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society was published between 1821–1928, but was then discontinued.
Wilfred T. Houle
Wilfred Theodore "Bill" Houle (July 14, 1901 – December 26, 1974) was an American football player and coach of football, basketball, and baseball. He played for one season, in 1924, for the Minneapolis Marines of the National Football League (NFL). Houle served as the head football coach at Saint John's University in Collegeville, Minnesota from 1925 to 1929, compiling a record of 7–22–3. He was also the head basketball coach at Saint John's from 1925 to 1930, amassing a record of 34–36, and the school's head baseball coach from 1926 to 1930, tallying a mark of 34–36.

Collegeville, Minnesota
Collegeville is an unincorporated community in St. Wendel Township, Stearns County, Minnesota, United States, near St. Joseph. The community is located near the junction of Collegeville Road and Old Collegeville Road. Nearby is Saint John's Abbey, a large Benedictine monastery.
Kildare County Council
Kildare County Council (Irish: Comhairle Contae Chill Dara) is the local authority of County Kildare, Ireland. As a county council, it is governed by the Local Government Act 2001. The council is responsible for housing and community, roads and transportation, urban planning and development, amenity and culture, and environment. The council has 40 elected members. Elections are held every five years and are by single transferable vote. The head of the council has the title of Cathaoirleach (chairperson). The county administration is headed by a chief executive, Sonya Kavanagh. The county town is Naas.

County town
In Great Britain and Ireland, a county town is usually the location of administrative or judicial functions within a county, and the place where public representatives are elected to parliament. Following the establishment of county councils in England in 1889, the headquarters of the new councils were usually established in the county town of each county; however, the concept of a county town pre-dates these councils.

The concept of a county town is ill-defined and unofficial. Some counties in Great Britain have their administrative bodies housed elsewhere. For example, Lancaster is the county town of Lancashire, but the county council is in Preston. Owing to the creation of unitary authorities, some county towns in Great Britain are administratively separate from the county. For example, Nottingham is separated from the rest of Nottinghamshire, and Brighton and Hove is separate from East Sussex. On a ceremonial level, both are in their own respective counties geographically.
Marcus Gheeraerts the Elder
Marcus Gheeraerts the Elder, Marc Gerard and Marcus Garret (c. 1520 – c. 1590) was a Flemish painter, draughtsman, print designer and etcher who was active in his native Flanders and in England.  He practised in many genres, including portraits, religious paintings, landscapes and architectural themes. He designed heraldic designs and decorations for tombs. He is known for his creation of a print depicting a map of his native town Bruges and the illustrations for a Dutch-language publication recounting stories from Aesop's Fables.  His attention to naturalistic detail and his practice of drawing animals from life for his prints had an important influence on European book illustration. His son Marcus the Younger became a prominent court painter at the English court.

Flemish people
Flemish people or Flemings (Dutch: Vlamingen [ˈvlaːmɪŋə(n)] ⓘ; French: Flamands) are one of three Belgian main ethnic groups native to Flanders, Belgium, who speak Flemish Dutch. Flemish people make up the majority of Belgians, at about 60%.

Flemish was historically a geographical term, as all inhabitants of the medieval County of Flanders in modern-day Belgium, France and the Netherlands were referred to as "Flemings" irrespective of their ethnicity or language. The contemporary region of Flanders comprises a part of this historical county, as well as parts of the medieval Duchy of Brabant and the medieval County of Loon, where the modern national identity and culture gradually formed.
William David Willson
William David Willson (April 27, 1865 – March 4, 1932) was a political figure in British Columbia. He represented Rossland from 1916 until his retirement at the 1920 provincial election in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia as a Liberal.

He was the son of David William Willson and the former Sarah Ann Flett, having been born in 1865 in Milton, Canada West. Willson was mayor of Rossland from 1914 to 1916. He ran unsuccessfully for the Rossland City seat in the provincial assembly in a 1916 by-election held after Lorne Argyle Campbell was named to cabinet. Willson defeated Campbell in the general election held later that year. He died at Rossland in 1932.

Rossland, British Columbia
Rossland is in the West Kootenay region of south central British Columbia. High in the Monashee Mountains, the city lies immediately east of the intersections of BC highways 3B and 22. The facilities provide a winter base for the nearby multi-peak ski hills of the Red Mountain Resort.  In the non-winter months Rossland is frequented by mountain bikers, with golf and fishing options nearby as well.
Canton of Alfortville
The canton of Alfortville is an administrative division of the Val-de-Marne department, Île-de-France region, northern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Alfortville.

It consists of the following communes:

Alfortville

Val-de-Marne
Val-de-Marne (French pronunciation: [val də maʁn] ⓘ; lit. 'Vale of Marne') is a department of France located in the Île-de-France region. Named after the river Marne, it is situated in the Grand Paris metropolis to the southeast of Paris’ city centre. In 2019, Val-de-Marne had a population of 1,407,124.

Its INSEE and postcode number is 94.
Wasana
Wasana is a 1976 Sinhalese language romance film directed by K.A.W. Perera. The film stars Vijaya Kumaranatunga and Malini Fonseka in lead roles. Also this film was the cinema debut of popular Sri Lankan film actress Geetha Kumarasinghe.

The film follows the lives of middle-class people in Sri Lanka.

K. A. W. Perera
Kala Suri Koddul Arachchige Wilson Perera (born 26 April 1926 – died 20 August 2006 as කොන්දුල් ආරච්චිගේ විල්සන් පෙරේරා) [Sinhala]), popularly known as K.A.W. Perera, was a director in Sri Lankan cinema. Considered as the pioneer of Sri Lankan public cinema, Perera was also a screenwriter, dialogue writer, lyricist and producer who contributed to Sri Lankan drama career for more than five decades.

He died on 20 August 2006 at the age of 80.
Grace Evangelical and Reformed Church
Grace Church (traditionally known as Lower Stone Church because of the building's topographical position in relation to Organ Church) is one of the oldest churches in North Carolina, having been organized about 1745 as a Reformed congregation.  The current church building dates from 1795. The congregation is currently affiliated with the Evangelical Association and is served by interim pastor, Rev. Kevin Sloop.

Evangelical Association
The Evangelical Church or Evangelical Association, also known in the late 1700s as the New Methodist Conference and in the early 1800s as the Albright Brethren, was a "body of American Christians chiefly of German descent". It was Wesleyan–Arminian in doctrine and theology, as well as Methodist Episcopal in its form of church government.

In 1946, the majority of the congregations of the Evangelical Church merged with the United Brethren in Christ to form the Evangelical United Brethren Church. Those congregations who did not participate in this merger are represented by the Evangelical Church of North America, along with the Evangelical Congregational Church, both of which continue the tradition of the Albright Brethren.