hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Escape from the Planet of the Robot Monsters
Escape from the Planet of the Robot Monsters is a multidirectional shooter released in arcades by Atari Games in 1989. The game is styled after campy science fiction B movies of the 1950s. It was ported to the Amiga, Amstrad CPC, Atari ST, Commodore 64, MS-DOS, SAM Coupé, and ZX Spectrum.

Hall effect
electrons

flat conductor, which serves as a Hall element (Hall effect sensor)

magnet

magnetic field

power source

The Hall effect is the production of a potential difference, across an electrical conductor, that is transverse to an electric current in the conductor and to an applied magnetic field perpendicular to the current. Such potential difference is known as the Hall voltage. It was discovered by Edwin Hall in 1879 through a study of the electromagnetic theory of James Clerk Maxwell, becoming a critical confirmation of that theory.

The Hall coefficient is defined as the ratio of the induced electric field to the product of the current density and the applied magnetic field. It is a characteristic of the material from which the conductor is made, since its value depends on the type, number, and properties of the charge carriers that constitute the current.
Γ-Valerolactone
γ-Valerolactone (GVL) or gamma-valerolactone is an organic compound with the formula C5H8O2. This colourless liquid is one of the more common lactones.  GVL is chiral but is usually used as the racemate. It is readily obtained from cellulosic biomass and is a potential fuel and green solvent.

GVL behaves as a prodrug to γ-hydroxyvaleric acid (GHV), a drug with similar effects to those of γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), albeit with less potency in comparison. Because GHB is controlled in many parts of the world, while GVL is not, GVL has gained popularity as a legal substitute for GHB.

Lactone
Lactones are cyclic carboxylic esters. They are derived from the corresponding hydroxycarboxylic acids by esterification. They can be saturated or unsaturated.

Lactones are formed by lactonization, the intramolecular esterification of the corresponding hydroxycarboxylic acids.
Karilyn
Karilyn is a given name that is a variation of Caroline. Notable people known by this name include the following:

Karilyn Bonilla Colón, Puerto Rican politician

Karilyn Brown (born 1947), American politician

Karilyn Pilch (born 1986), American ice hockey executive

Karilyn Pilch
Karilyn Pilch (born December 17, 1986) is an American professional ice hockey executive and former general manager of the Boston Pride in the PHF. Currently, she is employed by the NHL's Chicago Blackhawks.
Tupac (name)
Tupac, Túpac or Tupaq (Quechua "a royal thing") is a defunct title used (similarly to Ras in the Ethiopian Empire) by the former Peruvian Inca Empire, and is used as a male name of Inca origin.

Notable people with the name include:

Ras (title)
Ras (Amharic: ራስ, romanized: ras, lit. 'head' compare with Arabic Rais or Hebrew Rosh), is a noble title in the Ethiopian Semitic languages.  It is one of the powerful non-imperial titles.

Historian Harold G. Marcus equates the Ras title to a duke; others have compared it to "prince".

The combined title of Leul Ras (Amharic: ልዑል ራስ) was given to the heads of the cadet branches of the Imperial dynasty, such as the Princes of Gojjam, Tigray, Ras Tafari Makonnen and the Selalle sub-branch of the last reigning Shewan Branch, and meaning "Lord of Lords", the highest title of lord.
Listed buildings in South Muskham
South Muskham is a civil parish in the Newark and Sherwood district of Nottinghamshire, England.  The parish contains nine listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, two are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the villages of South Muskham and Little Carlton, and the surrounding area.  The listed buildings consist of a church and associated structures, farmhouses and farm buildings, cottages, two viaducts and a road bridge.

Newark and Sherwood
Newark and Sherwood is a local government district in Nottinghamshire, England. It is the largest district by area in the county. The council is based in Newark-on-Trent, the area's largest town. The district also includes the towns of Southwell and Ollerton along with a large rural area containing many villages. Much of the district lies within the ancient Sherwood Forest and there are also extensive forestry plantations in the area.

The neighbouring districts are Rushcliffe, Gedling, Ashfield, Mansfield, Bassetlaw, West Lindsey, North Kesteven, South Kesteven and Melton. In 2021 it had a population of 123,383.
Cochran Peak
Cochran Peak (79°39′S 84°39′W﻿ / ﻿79.650°S 84.650°W﻿ / -79.650; -84.650) is a sharp peak rising in the southern part of the Gifford Peaks, in the Heritage Range, Ellsworth Mountains. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from ground surveys and from U.S. Navy air photos, 1961–66, and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Henry B. Cochran, International Geophysical Year weather central meteorologist at Little America V in 1958.

Little America (exploration base)
Little America was a series of Antarctic exploration bases from 1929 to 1958, located on the Ross Ice Shelf, south of the Bay of Whales. They were built on ice that moves very slowly; the relative location on the ice sheet has moved and eventually breaks off into an iceberg. The geographic location has new ice that has shifted to this location and is technically over the open water.

The coordinates are approximate.
Hungarian Canoe Federation
The Hungarian Canoe Federation (Hungarian: Magyar Kajak-Kenu Szövetség, pronounced [ˈmɒɟɒr ˈkɒjɒk ˈkɛnu ˈsøvɛt͡ʃːeːɡ], MKKSZ) is the governing body of Canoe in Hungary. It organizes the Hungarian representation at international competitions and the Hungarian National Championships.

The Federation was formed on July 30, 1941, in Budapest. It became a member of the International Canoe Federation and of the European Canoe Association.

International Canoe Federation
The International Canoe Federation (ICF) is the umbrella organization of all national canoe organizations worldwide. It is headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland, and administers all aspects of canoe sport worldwide. 157 countries are affiliated with the ICF after seven national federations were added at the 2008 ICF Congress in Rome.
Malokurilskoye
Malokurilskoye (Russian: Малокури́льское) is a village (selo) on Shikotan island in Yuzhno-Kurilsky District, Sakhalin Oblast, Russia. Population: 1,100 (2007), 1,873 (2010).

Ostrovnoy canning factory is the main employer in the village.

Yuzhno-Kurilsky District
Yuzhno-Kurilsky District (Russian: Ю́жно-Кури́льский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion) of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia; one of the seventeen in the oblast. Municipally, it is incorporated as Yuzhno-Kurilsky Urban Okrug. It is located on the southern Kuril Islands southeast of the Island of Sakhalin, comprising the islands of Kunashir, Shikotan, and the Habomai. The area of the district is 1,856.1 square kilometers (716.6 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Yuzhno-Kurilsk, located on Kunashir Island. Population:  9,501 (2010 Census); 9,727 (2002 Census); 13,597 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Yuzhno-Kurilsk accounts for 61.4% of the district's total population.
Boulding Ridge
Boulding Ridge (68°2′S 66°55′W﻿ / ﻿68.033°S 66.917°W﻿ / -68.033; -66.917) is the ridge separating Todd Glacier and McClary Glacier on the west side of Graham Land. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Richard A. Boulding, British Antarctic Survey surveyor at Stonington Island, 1965–68.

McClary Glacier
McClary Glacier (68°4′S 67°0′W﻿ / ﻿68.067°S 67.000°W﻿ / -68.067; -67.000) is a glacier 10 nautical miles (19 km) long and 2 nautical miles (4 km) wide on the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It flows southwest along the north side of Butson Ridge into Marguerite Bay between Cape Calmette and the Debenham Islands. The glacier was first roughly surveyed by the British Graham Land Expedition, 1936–37, and resurveyed by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, 1946–50. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for George B. McClary, father of Nelson McClary, mate on the Port of Beaumont during the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition, 1947–48.
Simaria Assembly constituency
Simaria Assembly constituency is an assembly constituency in  the Indian state of Jharkhand. The seat was created ahead of the 1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election, being carved out of the Hazaribagh seat. Simaria is located in the Chatra Lok Sabha constituency.

1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election
1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election was held in 1977 to elect members to the Bihar Legislative Assembly in the state of Bihar, India. The Janata Party's decisive victories in the state and political elections ensured Chief Minister Karpoori Thakur's victory. Thakur became Chief Minister of Bihar for the second time by winning the legislative party election against Bihar Janata Party President Satyendra Narayan Sinha, formerly of Congress [O], by a vote of 144 to 84. It was pre-decided that Lok Dal Faction of Janata Party would get CM post in Bihar, UP and haryana, while MP, Rajasthan and Himachal went to Jan Sangh faction.
Adalbi Shkhagoshev
Adalby Lyulevich Shkhagoshev (Russian: Адальби Люлевич Шхагошев; 6 June 1967, Trubchevsk, Bryansk Oblast) is a Russian political figure and deputy of the 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th State Dumas.

In 1991, Shkhagoshev started working as a senior detective of the Department for Combating Organized Crime of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Kabardino-Balkaria. On 1 October 1992 Shkhagoshev lost both hands during the operation to free a hostage. After the incident, he received the Order "For Personal Courage". From 1993 to 2001, Shkhagoshev served as deputy of the Parliament of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic of the 1st and 2nd convocations. On 2 December 2007 he was elected deputy of the 5th State Duma. In 2011, 2016, and 2021, he was re-elected for the 6th, 7th, and 8th State Dumas.

Order "For Personal Courage"
The Order "For Personal Courage" was established by Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on December 28, 1988.

This decoration could be awarded to any USSR citizen showing outstanding courage and bravery during life-saving, keeping of public order and safeguard of state property, as well as for fighting crime, environmental catastrophes, and other exceptional events.

The award was designed by Alexander Zhuk and represents a silver gilded silver star with the words "For Personal Courage" and "USSR" written on it.

The order was first awarded on  February 3, 1989, to a teacher of school No. 42 in the city of Ordzhonikidze (now Vladikavkaz) Natalia Vladimirovna Efimova. Her class was taken hostage and later freed in a police operation. The order was awarded 529 times in total. Many more medals were made, but remained unissued.

It was replaced in Russia by the Order of Courage in 1994, which has a different design.
Battle of Lysychansk
The Battle of Lysychansk was a military engagement between Russia and Ukraine in the wider battle of Donbas of the eastern Ukraine campaign during the Russo-Ukrainian war. By May 2022,  Lysychansk and its twin city of Sievierodonetsk were the two largest cities of the Luhansk Oblast not under Russian control. Russian forces launched an assault on Sievierodonetsk in May where a fierce battle occurred until late June, when Ukrainian forces withdrew from the city. Fighting then continued as Russian forces started to attack Lysychansk across the Donets River.

Russia and the Luhansk People's Republic (LPR) announced their forces had seized Lysychansk on 2–3 July, although Ukraine initially denied the city's capture. The Ukrainian general staff conceded on 3 July that their forces had withdrawn from the city "in order to save the lives of Ukrainian defenders."

Lysychansk was the last Ukrainian stronghold to be captured in Luhansk Oblast, which Russia then claimed to fully control.

Engagement (military)
A military engagement is combat between two forces, neither larger than a division nor smaller than a company, in which each has an assigned or perceived mission. An engagement begins when the attacking force initiates combat in pursuit of its mission, and ends when the attacker has accomplished the mission, or ceases to try to accomplish the mission, or when one or both sides receive sufficient reinforcements, thus initiating a new engagement.

As a tactical mission, the engagement is often a part of a battle. An engagement normally lasts one to two days; it may be as brief as a few hours and is rarely longer than five days. It is at this scale of combat that tactical engagement ranges of weapons and support systems become important to the troops and their commanders.
Kale, Kayin State
ခၠိုင့် (Pwo Eastern Karen: ခၠိုင့်; Burmese: ခလယ် [kʰa̰ lɛ], also spelled Kha Lel or Khale) is a large village in Kyain Seikgyi Township, Kawkareik District, in the Kayin State of Myanmar. According to 2014 Myanmar Census, the total population in Kale is 5,355. The  Kha Lel village tract contains 5 villages and in 2014, it had a total population of 8,869 people.

Kyain Seikgyi District
Kyainseikgyi Township (Phlone: လာ့တ်ုကဝ်သၞေဝ်ဖါဍောဟ်ဍုံကၞင့်; Burmese: ကြာအင်းဆိပ်ကြီးမြို့နယ်, pronounced [tɕàʔɪ́ɰ̃sʰeɪʔtɕí mjo̰nɛ̀]) is the only township of Kyain Seikkyi District (Burmese: ကြာအင်းဆိပ်ကြီးခရိုင်) in southern Kayin State of Myanmar. It is the fourth-biggest township in Kayin State. The two main sub-towns are Kyeikdon and Payathonsu. It is drained by the Zami, Winyaw and the Haungtharaw rivers.

The basic education high schools located within Kyain Seikgyi Township are BEHS Kyainnseikyi, B.E.H.S-Tagondaing, BEHS Kale, BEHS Hparpya, BEHS Anankwin, BEHS Kyaikdon, BEHS Azin, BEHS Kyakhatchaung, BEHS Thanpayar, BEHS Taungpauk and BEHS Payathonzu. The main hospitals are Kya Inn Seikyi township public hospital, Kale-Tagundaing Station Hospital, Kyaikdon Station hospital, Payathonzu Station Hospital.
Sophie Scott (inventor)
Sophie Scott (birth and death unknown) was the pseudonym of the female inventor of a kind of shorthand system for the German language. She described her method in a book published in Vienna in 1831 under the title Homographie, which lists the author as Lady Sophie Scott. Shorthand, is an abbreviated symbolic method of writing that, when it's compared to longhand, is much faster.

Cursive
Cursive (also known as joined-up writing) is any style of penmanship in which characters are written joined in a flowing manner, generally for the purpose of making writing faster, in contrast to block letters. It varies in functionality and modern-day usage across languages and regions, being used both publicly in artistic and formal documents as well as in private communication. Formal cursive is generally joined, but casual cursive is a combination of joins and pen lifts. The writing style can be further divided as "looped", "italic", or "connected".

The cursive method is used with many alphabets due to infrequent pen lifting which allows increased writing speed. However, more elaborate or ornamental calligraphic styles of writing can be slower to reproduce. In some alphabets, many or all letters in a word are connected, sometimes making a word one single complex stroke.
Marie de Bagneux
The Marie de Bagneux was a French automobile manufactured in Bordeaux only in 1907. A single-seat three-wheeler designed by M. Marie de Bagneux, the belt-driven car weighed 100 kg (220 lb), and was powered by a 1¼ De Dion engine.

Three-wheeler
A three-wheeler, tricar, or trike is a vehicle with three wheels. Some are motorized tricycles, which may be legally classed as motorcycles, while others are tricycles without a motor, some of which are human-powered vehicles and animal-powered vehicles.
Pamela Stretton
Pamela Stretton (born 1980) is a South African artist whose work deals predominantly with the female body. Her main medium is digital inkjet prints that combine text and photographs. Originally from Cape Town, South Africa, Stretton moved to the United Kingdom.

Stretton attended Kingswood College, Grahamstown and Queenstown Girls High School.

She received a Bachelor of Fine Art (with distinction) from Rhodes University in 2002 and a Master of Fine Art (with distinction) from the University of Cape Town in 2005.

Kingswood College (South Africa)
Kingswood College is an independent, co-educational Methodist school in Makhanda, (formerly Grahamstown). Founded in 1894 by William C Muirhead, Clifford Witheridge Dold, William Burnett Stocks and Richard Restall Stocks, Kingswood caters for boys and girls from Grade 000 to Grade 13 (Bridging Year) from all over the world.

At Kingswood College, the National Senior Certificate examination is administered by the Independent Examinations Board.
English-language press of the Socialist Party of America
This is a list of newspapers and magazines in the United States owned by, or editorially supportive of, the Socialist Party of America (SPA, established 1901).

Also included are papers associated with the direct predecessors of the SPA — the Social Democratic Party of America with headquarters in Chicago (split from the Social Democracy of America in 1898) and the Social Democratic Party of America with headquarters in Springfield, Massachusetts (split from the Socialist Labor Party of America in 1899).

The format is: (1) Title, (2) place of publication, (3) publisher, (4) (dates).

Dates indicated are the years the papers were known to be in press and allied with the Socialist Party, not necessarily all years of publication.

Social Democratic Party of America
The Social Democratic Party of America (SDP) was a short-lived political party in the United States established in 1898.

The group was formed out of elements of the Social Democracy of America (SDA) and was a predecessor to the Socialist Party of America which was established in 1901.
Caffeate 3,4-dioxygenase
Caffeate 3,4-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.22) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

3,4-dihydroxy-trans-cinnamate + O2  3-(2-carboxyethenyl)-cis,cis-muconate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 3,4-dihydroxy-trans-cinnamate (caffeic acid) and oxygen, whereas its product is 3-(2-carboxyethenyl)-cis,cis-muconate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on single donors with O2 as oxidant and incorporation of two atoms of oxygen into the substrate (oxygenases). The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3,4-dihydroxy-trans-cinnamate:oxygen 3,4-oxidoreductase (decyclizing). This enzyme participates in phenylpropanoid biodegradation.

Cinnamic acid
Cinnamic acid is an organic compound with the formula C6H5−CH=CH−COOH. It is a white crystalline compound that is slightly soluble in water, and freely soluble in many organic solvents. Classified as an unsaturated carboxylic acid, it occurs naturally in a number of plants. It exists as both a cis and a trans isomer, although the latter is more common. The cis-isomer is called allocinnamic acid.
Kim Đồng Publishing House
Kim Đồng Publishing House (Vietnamese: Nhà xuất bản Kim Đồng) is the largest printing and publishing company in Vietnam mainly focused on education and comic-related books and magazines for children, teenager boys and adolescent girls. With more than a thousand titles of books published yearly, its books are offered to children of all ages, providing a wide range of collections and genres from literature, science, art, history to comics, pop-up and board books. The publishing company was named after a Kim Đồng, a young Viet Minh fighter who died in 1943.

Tô Hoài
Tô Hoài (Birth name: Nguyễn Sen; September 27, 1920 – July 6, 2014) was a Vietnamese writer, playwright, screenwriter, journalist and correspondent.

The pen name Tô Hoài is derived from the names of Tô Lịch River and Hoài Đức district, which are landmarks of his hometown. Among his works are the best - seller books Dế mèn phiêu lưu ký (Diary of a cricket) (1941), Truyện Tây Bắc (Stories of North West region) (1958), Quê nhà (Home town) (1970), Ba người khác (Three Others) (1991). Some of his works have been translated into foreign languages. He won the Ho Chi Minh Prize for Literature in 1996.
Chidi Imoh
Chukwudi "Chidi" Imoh (born 27 August 1965) is a Nigerian former sprinter who won a silver medal in the 4 x 100 metres relay at the 1992 Summer Olympics. He also won a silver medal in the 100 metres at the 1986 Goodwill Games, finishing behind Ben Johnson and ahead of Carl Lewis. He won a 60 metres bronze medal at the 1991 World Indoor Championships, and he became African champion in 1984 and 1985.

In 1986 he posted the world leading time for that year in the 100 metres.

He won the 100 metres race in the 1987 All-Africa Games.

Imoh also competed for the University of Missouri in Columbia, where he holds the school records in the 200 metres outdoor with a time of 19.9 seconds, the 100 metres outdoor with a time of 10.00 seconds, and the 55 metres indoor with a time of 6.10 seconds.

Athletics at the 1992 Summer Olympics
At the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, 43 events in athletics were contested, 24 events by men and 19 by women. The competition ran from July 31, 1992, to August 9, 1992. Fourteen world record-holders (eight men and six women) were among the contenders. Thirty former Olympic champions competed, and a total number of 1725 athletes from 156 countries.
Brasília International Airport
Brasília–President Juscelino Kubitschek International Airport (Portuguese: Aeroporto Internacional de Brasília–Presidente Juscelino Kubitschek) (IATA: BSB, ICAO: SBBR), also known as the Brasília International Airport, is the international airport serving Brasília, located in the administrative region of Lago Sul, in the Federal District, 13 kilometers from downtown Brasília. Since April 20, 1999, the airport is named after Juscelino Kubitschek (1902–1976), the 21st President of Brazil. It is operated by Inframerica.

The airport site covers an area of about 2,900 hectares (7,165 acres) of airport property. Some of its facilities are shared with the Brasília Air Force Base of the Brazilian Air Force.

Administrative regions of the Federal District (Brazil)
The administrative regions of the Federal District (Portuguese: regiões administrativas do Distrito Federal, RADF or RA) are administrative divisions of the Federal District, Brazil. They have similar jurisdiction to municipalities, albeit with a much lesser degree of autonomy. However, administrators are not directly elected, but appointed by the Governor of the Federal District. Moreover, administrative regions have no specific legislative representation apart from the district-wide Legislative Chamber of the Federal District.