hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Loopless algorithm
In computational combinatorics, a loopless algorithm or loopless imperative algorithm is an imperative algorithm that generates successive combinatorial objects, such as partitions, permutations, and combinations, in constant time and the first object in linear time. The objects must be immediately available in simple form without requiring any additional steps.

A loopless functional algorithm is a functional algorithm that takes the form unfoldr step • prolog where step takes constant time and prolog takes linear time in the size of the input.  The standard function unfoldr is a right-associative Bird unfold.

Partition of a set
In mathematics, a partition of a set is a grouping of its elements into non-empty subsets, in such a way that every element is included in exactly one subset.

Every equivalence relation on a set defines a partition of this set, and every partition defines an equivalence relation. A set equipped with an equivalence relation or a partition is sometimes called a setoid, typically in type theory and proof theory.
Albert Molineux
Albert Molineux (11 July 1832 – 6 June 1909) was a pioneer of South Australia agriculture and fishing. He encouraged use of artificial fertilizers based on research, and the promulgation of scientific advice by bureaux. He was a journalist for the South Australian Register and longtime agriculture editor for its sister publication The Adelaide Observer.

South Australian Register
The Register, originally the South Australian Gazette and Colonial Register, and later South Australian Register, was South Australia's first newspaper. It was first published in London in June 1836, moved to Adelaide in 1837, and folded into The Advertiser almost a century later in February 1931.

The newspaper was the sole primary source for almost all information about the settlement and early history of South Australia. It documented shipping schedules, legal history and court records at a time when official records were not kept. According to the National Library of Australia, its pages contain "one hundred years of births, deaths, marriages, crime, building history, the establishment of towns and businesses, political and social comment".

All issues are freely available online, via Trove.
Gwizdałki
Gwizdałki [ɡvizˈdau̯ki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ostrówek, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) south-west of Ostrówek, 12 km (7 mi) north of Wieluń, and 79 km (49 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Wieluń
Wieluń [ˈvjɛluɲ] (Latin: Velun) is a town in south-central Poland with 21,624 inhabitants (2021). The town is the seat of the Gmina Wieluń and Wieluń County, and is located within the Łódź Voivodeship. Wieluń is a capital of the historical Wieluń Land.

Wieluń has a long and rich history. In the past, it used to be an important urban trade centre of the Kingdom of Poland. Several Polish kings and notables visited the town, but following the catastrophic Swedish Deluge (1655–1660), Wieluń declined and never regained its status. In September 1939, during the invasion of Poland, it was heavily bombed by the Luftwaffe. The Bombing of Wieluń is considered to be the first World War II bombing in Europe. It killed at least 127 civilians, injured hundreds more and destroyed the majority of the town.
Hooshang Amirahmadi
Hooshang Amirahmadi (Persian: هوشنگ امیراحمدی; born May 24, 1947) is an Iranian American academic and political analyst of Talysh origin. Amirahmadi is a professor of the Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy at Rutgers University and former director of its Center for Middle East Studies. He is also a Senior Associate Member at University of Oxford.

He is the founder and president of the American Iranian Council. He has stepped forward as a candidate for Iranian presidential elections in 2005, 2013 and 2017.

Iranian Americans
Iranian-Americans, also known as Persian Americans, are United States citizens or nationals who are of Iranian ancestry or who hold Iranian citizenship. According to the National Organization for Civil Registration, an organization of the Ministry of Interior of Iran, the United States has the greatest number of Iranians outside the country.

Most Iranian-Americans arrived in the United States after 1979 in the wake  of the Iranian Revolution and the fall of the Iranian monarchy. Over 40% of them settled in California, specifically Los Angeles, where they formed distinct ethnic enclaves, such as the Angelino community of "Tehrangeles" in Westwood, Los Angeles.

Research by the Iranian Studies Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2004 estimated the number of Iranian-Americans at 691,000, about half of whom live in  California.
Adora Magic City
Adora Magic City (Chinese: 愛達·魔都号) is a cruise ship operated by Asian cruise line Adora Cruises. It is a Vista-class cruise ship, the first built in China. It embarked on its first commercial voyage on 1 January 2024. At 136,201 gross tonnage (GT), she is the largest-cruise ship built in China as of 2025.

Vista-class cruise ship (2016)
The Vista class is a class of cruise ships built by Fincantieri in Italy. The ships are operated by the Carnival Cruise Line and Adora Cruises divisions of Carnival Corporation & plc. The class design is based on Carnival's Dream class, but with a different stern and main atrium. The length was increased an additional 56–58 feet (17–18 m) on the Vista-class ships, compared to the Dream class.
Australian Linguistic Society
The Australian Linguistic Society (ALS) is an academic association for linguists. It was established in 1967 with the primary goal of furthering interest in and support for linguistics research and teaching in Australia. The Australian Linguistic Society also publishes a peer-reviewed academic journal, the Australian Journal of Linguistics, holds an annual conference, an occasional linguistics institute, and has developed and endorsed several policies and statements relating to language and linguistics.

The current president of the ALS is Bill Palmer, the Secretary is James Bednall, and the Treasurer is Robert Mailhammer.

The Society recognises Accredited Linguists (ALing) who have completed relevant linguistic qualifications.

Learned society
A learned society (/ˈlɜːrnɪd/ LEHRN-id; also scholarly, intellectual, or academic society) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences. Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honour conferred by election.

Most learned societies are non-profit organizations, and many are professional associations. Their activities typically include holding regular conferences for the presentation and discussion of new research results, and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership.
El Siglo (Chile)
El Siglo (The Century)  is a Chilean weekly newspaper, that is the official organ of the Central Committee of the Chilean Communist Party. The newspaper was founded on August 31, 1940.

On July 14, 1948, it was closed down as consequence of the anti-communist Defense of Democracy Law. From September 10, 1949, it was published clandestinely. On October 25, 1952, it was once again openly published. After the Chilean coup of 1973, it was once again closed down, although it was published clandestinely under Augusto Pinochet.  In 1989 it became a weekly magazine.

Central committee
A central committee is a political-executive organ designated as the highest organ of a communist party between two congresses. Per the principles of democratic centralism, a central committee is empowered to deal with any issue that falls under the party's purview. While formally retaining this role in socialist states, commonly referred to as communist states by outside observers, in practice, it delegates this authority to numerous smaller internal organs due to the infrequency of its meetings.

The term of a central committee of a ruling communist party is usually five years. The party congress elects individuals to the central committee and holds it accountable. At the first central committee session held immediately after a congress, it elects the party leader, an office usually titled general secretary of the central committee, a political organ, commonly known as the politburo, and an executive organ, customarily named the secretariat.
6-MeO-RU-28306
6-MeO-RU-28306, or 6-methoxy-RU-28306, also known as 4,α-methylene-5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (4,α-methylene-5-MeO-DMT), is a serotonin receptor modulator and a cyclized tryptamine and partial ergoline. It is the 6-methoxy derivative of RU-28306 (4,α-methylene-DMT) and a cyclized derivative of 5-MeO-DMT. The drug showed affinity for the serotonin-labeled serotonin 5-HT1 receptors and spiperone-labeled serotonin 5-HT2 receptors in rat frontal cortex membranes in vitro (IC50Tooltip half-maximal inhibitory concentration = 96 nM and 1,756 nM, respectively). 6-MeO-RU-28306 robustly reduced hypothalamic 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels and increased circulating corticosterone levels in rodents in vivo, which are both measures of serotonin receptor agonist activity. The chemical synthesis of 6-MeO-RU-28306 has been described. 6-MeO-RU-28306 was first described in the scientific literature by 1988.

5-HT2 receptor
The 5-HT2 receptors are a subfamily of 5-HT receptors that bind the endogenous neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). The 5-HT2 subfamily consists of three G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) which are coupled to Gq/G11 and mediate excitatory neurotransmission, including 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C. For more information, please see the respective main articles of the individual subtypes:

5-HT2A receptor

5-HT2B receptor

5-HT2C receptor
Henry Dearborn
Henry Dearborn (February 23, 1751 – June 6, 1829) was an American military officer and politician. In the Revolutionary War, he served under Benedict Arnold in his expedition to Quebec, of which his journal provides an important record. After being captured and exchanged, he served in George Washington's Continental Army. He was present at the British surrender at Yorktown. Dearborn served on General George Washington's staff in Virginia.

He served as Secretary of War under President Thomas Jefferson, from 1801 to 1809, and served as a commanding general in the War of 1812. In later life, his criticism of General Israel Putnam's performance at the Battle of Bunker Hill caused a major controversy. Fort Dearborn and Dearborn Park in Illinois, Dearborn County, Indiana, and  Dearborn, Michigan, were named in his honor.

Portsmouth, New Hampshire
Portsmouth is a city in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. It had a population of 21,956 at the 2020 census. A historic seaport and popular summer tourist destination on the Piscataqua River bordering the state of Maine, Portsmouth was formerly the home of the Pease Air Force Base, since converted to Portsmouth International Airport at Pease.
Nojiri-juku
Nojiri-juku (野尻宿, Nojiri-juku or Nojiri-shuku) is the name of two post stations in Japan during the Edo period:

Nojiri-juku (Nakasendō), the fortieth station on the Nakasendō and the eighth on the Kisoji

Nojiri-shuku (Hokkoku Kaidō), the twelfth station on the Hokkoku Kaidō

Nojiri-juku (Nakasendō)
Nojiri-juku (野尻宿, Nojiri-juku) was the fortieth of the sixty-nine stations of the Nakasendō, as well as the eighth of eleven stations on the Kisoji. It is located in the present-day village of Ōkuwa, in the Kiso District of Nagano Prefecture, Japan.
Good Food (brand)
Good Food, known as BBC Good Food until 2024, is a global food media brand established in 1989, with a monthly magazine, website, app, live events and series of books.

Keith Kendrick is Head of Magazines along with Dr. Keith Rowley, with Christine Hayes as BBC Good Food's first brand editorial director. Natalie Hardwick is the editor of bbcgoodfood.com.

In November 2014, the BBC Good Food brand celebrated its 25th anniversary with a new logo, designed by international branding agency Lambie-Nairn.

BBC Good Food magazine was awarded Food and Drink Magazine of the year at the DMA 2013 Digital Magazine Awards and Digital Magazine Of The Year at the PPA Digital Publishing Awards 2013.

In 2018, rights to the brand were acquired from BBC Studios by Immediate Media. In 2024, the continued use of the BBC name ended and the brand was renamed Good Food starting with April 2024 issue.

BBC Studios
BBC Studios Limited is a British content company. It is a commercial subsidiary of the BBC that was formed in April 2018 through the merger of the BBC's commercial production arm and the BBC's commercial international distribution arm, BBC Worldwide. BBC Studios creates, develops, produces, distributes, broadcasts, finances and sells content around the world, returning around £200 million to the BBC annually in dividends and content investment.
Anton High School
Anton High School is a public secondary school located in the city of Anton, Texas, USA and classified as a 1A school by the UIL.  It is a part of the Anton Independent School District located in southwestern Hockley County.   In 2015, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency.

University Interscholastic League
The University Interscholastic League (UIL) is an organization that creates rules for and administers almost all athletic, musical, and academic contests for public primary and secondary schools in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the largest organization of its type in the world.

Activities range from American football and cross-examination debate to mathematics and marching band competitions; however, the UIL does not administer Academic Decathlon competitions.

The UIL is under the governance of the Vice President for Diversity and Community Engagement at the University of Texas at Austin in Austin, Texas. Although the Texas Education Agency governs the activities of schools and school districts in Texas, the UIL does not report to TEA, but is instead a separate entity.
Novokasmartsky
Novokasmartsky (Russian: Новокасмартский; Bashkir: Яңы Ҡаҫмарт, Yañı Qaśmart) is a rural locality (a village) in Baishevsky Selsoviet, Zianchurinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 6 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

Zianchurinsky District
Zianchurinsky District (Russian: Зианчу́ринский райо́н; Bashkir: Ейәнсура районы, Yeyänsura rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the south of the republic and borders with Kugarchinsky District in the north, Zilairsky District in the northeast and east, Khaybullinsky District in the east, and with Orenburg Oblast in the south and west. The area of the district is 3,342.35 square kilometers (1,290.49 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Isyangulovo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 27,626, with the population of Isyangulovo accounting for 26.9% of that number.
Michel Duran
Michel Duran, pen name of Michel Joseph Durand (22 April 1900, in Lyon – 18 February 1994, in Rambouillet) was a French actor, author, dialoguist and screenwriter. He was the son of Michel Jacques Durand and Marie Exbrayat.

On 14 June 1940 he married Marie Thérèse Henriette Théodora Besnard, granddaughter of the painter Albert Besnard but they had no child.

Rambouillet
Rambouillet  (UK: /rɒ̃ˈbuːjeɪ/, US: /ˌrɒmbuːˈjeɪ/; French: [ʁɑ̃bujɛ] ⓘ) is a commune and subprefecture of the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region of France. It is located beyond the outskirts of Paris, 44.3 km (27.5 mi) southwest of its centre. As of 2023, the population of the commune was 27,224.

Rambouillet lies on the edge of the vast Forest of Rambouillet (Forêt de Rambouillet or Forêt de l'Yveline); it is famous for its historical castle, the Château de Rambouillet, which hosted several international summits. Due to its proximity to Paris and Versailles, Rambouillet has long been an occasional seat of government.
Johnny Jebsen
Johann-Nielsen Jebsen, nicknamed "Johnny", was an anti-Nazi German intelligence officer and British double agent (code name ARTIST) during World War II. Jebsen recruited Dušan Popov (who became the British agent Tricycle) to the Abwehr and through him later joined the Allied cause. Kidnapped from Lisbon by the Germans shortly before the 1944 Normandy landings, Jebsen was tortured in prison and spent time in a concentration camp before disappearing; he was presumed killed at the end of the war.

In a 2012 reassessment of the Allies' use of double agents in World War II, historian Ben Macintyre called Jebsen a hero. Despite months of torture from the Sicherheitsdienst and later Gestapo, Jebsen refused to talk and protected not only his friend Popov, but the thousands of Allied troops due to land in Normandy, at the expense of his own life.

Jebsen features extensively in Popov's book Spy-Counterspy.

Ben Macintyre
Benedict Richard Pierce Macintyre (born 25 December 1963) is a British author, reviewer and columnist for The Times newspaper. His columns range from current affairs to historical controversies.  He has written some 15 books, and received numerous awards for both fiction and non-fiction works.
Solar eclipse of August 28, 1802
An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Saturday, August 28, 1802, with a magnitude of 0.9367. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring only about 3 hours after apogee (on August 28, 1802, at 4:30 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.

The path of annularity was visible from parts of modern-day Greenland, Svalbard, Russia, Mongolia, China, and the Ryukyu Islands. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for parts of Greenland, northern Canada, Europe, Asia, and western Alaska.

Angular diameter
The angular diameter, angular width, angular size, apparent diameter, or apparent size is an angular separation (in units of angle) describing how large a sphere or circle appears from a given point of view. In the vision sciences, it is called the visual angle, and in optics, it is the angular aperture (of a lens). The angular diameter can alternatively be thought of as the angular displacement through which an eye or camera must rotate to look from one side of an apparent circle to the opposite side.

A person can resolve with their naked eyes diameters down to about 1 arcminute (approximately 0.017° or 0.0003 radians). This corresponds to 0.3 m at a 1 km distance, or to perceiving Venus as a disk under optimal conditions.
Ramaria rubripermanens
Ramaria rubripermanens is a species of coral fungus in the family Gomphaceae. Described as new to science in 1973, it is found in the western United States and Mexico. Its fruit bodies, which resemble sea coral, grow up to 16 cm (6.3 in) tall and feature whitish to light yellow branches with pinkish to reddish tips. It is edible.

Clavarioid fungi
The clavarioid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota typically having erect, simple or branched basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that are formed on the ground, on decaying vegetation, or on dead wood. They are colloquially called club fungi and coral fungi.

Originally such fungi were referred to the genus Clavaria ("clavarioid" means Clavaria-like), but it is now known that clavarioid species are not all closely related. Since they are often studied as a group, it is convenient to retain the informal (non-taxonomic) name of "clavarioid fungi" and this term is frequently used in research papers.
Sheila Lambert
Sheila Monique Lambert (born July 21, 1980) is an American former basketball player who played in the WNBA. Born in Seattle, Washington, she was the seventh pick in the 2002 WNBA draft. She was a member of the WNBA Championship Detroit Shock in 2003.

Detroit Shock
The Detroit Shock were a Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) team based in Auburn Hills, Michigan. They were the 2003, 2006, and 2008 WNBA champions.

Debuting in 1998, the Shock were one of the league's first expansion franchises. They were also the first WNBA expansion franchise to win a WNBA championship. The team was the sister team of the Detroit Pistons and from 2002 to 2009 was coached by Pistons legend Bill Laimbeer.

In October 2009, the Shock were relocated to Tulsa, Oklahoma, to become the Tulsa Shock. Detroit team's roster, history, and nickname were retained. In July 2015, the Shock relocated to become the Dallas Wings.
Ça va ça va
"Ça va ça va" is a song by French singer Claudio Capéo. The song was released as a digital download in France on 28 September 2016 by Jo & Co as the second single from his third studio album Claudio Capéo.. The song was written by Manon Romiti, Silvio Lisbonne, Nazim Khaled and Eddy Pradelles. The song peaked at number 23 on the French Singles Chart.

SNEP
SNEP (French: Syndicat national de l'édition phonographique, in English National Syndicate of Phonographic Publishing) is the inter-professional organisation that protects the interests of the French record industry. Originally known under the acronym SNICOP, the organisation was established in 1922 and has 48 member companies.

SNEP's responsibilities include collecting and distributing royalty payments for broadcast and performance, preventing copyright infringement of its members' works (including music piracy), and sales certification of silver, gold, platinum and diamond records and videos. SNEP also compiles weekly official charts of France's top-selling music, including singles and albums.
Fresh Start (politics)
Fresh Start was a grouping within the British Conservative Party opposed to the Maastricht Treaty. It was founded by Michael Spicer and its members included Bill Cash, James Cran, Christopher Gill and Roger Knapman. In the mid-1990s over fifty Conservative MPs were members.

They organised votes against John Major's government and in all they voted against the government 985 times and abstained 1,515 times in an unsuccessful attempt to stop the Maastricht Treaty being ratified.

Michael Spicer (politician)
William Michael Hardy Spicer, Baron Spicer, PC (22 January 1943 – 29 May 2019) was a British politician and life peer who was a Conservative member of the House of Lords from 2010 until 2019. He served as Member of Parliament for West Worcestershire from 1974 to 2010 and was a minister from 1984 to 1990. He later served as chairman of the 1922 Committee from 2001 to 2010.
Ortezzano
Ortezzano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Fermo in the Italian region Marche, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) south of Ancona and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Ascoli Piceno. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 834 and an area of 7.0 square kilometres (2.7 sq mi).

Ortezzano borders the following municipalities: Carassai, Montalto delle Marche, Monte Rinaldo, Monte Vidon Combatte, Montottone.

Province of Fermo
The province of Fermo (Italian: provincia di Fermo) is a province in the Marche region of Italy. It was established in 2004 and became operational in 2009. Its administrative centre and provincial capital is the city of Fermo (population of 37,995 inhabitants). Other major cities include Porto Sant'Elpidio (25,118 inhabitants), Porto San Giorgio (16,201 inhabitants), Sant'Elpidio a Mare (16,838 inhabitants), and Montegranaro (13,358 inhabitants). As of 2017, the province has a population of 174,358 inhabitants and spans an area of 862.77 square kilometres (333.12 sq mi). It contains 40 comuni (sg.: comune).