hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Whitworth Hall Country Park
Whitworth Hall Country Park is a parkland based set in 73 acres (300,000 m2) 8 miles (13 km) from Durham in England, which rests on the outskirts of the town of Spennymoor in County Durham.

The park includes Whitworth Hall, a Grade II listed stately mansion (the ancestral home of Bobby Shafto an 18th-century MP) hotel, deer park, lake and Shafto's Inn. The park includes a Victorian walled garden which contains England's most northerly vineyard.  The current building was rebuilt in the 19th century.

Bobby Shafto
Robert Shafto (sometimes spelt Shaftoe) (circa 1732 – 24 November 1797) was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1760 and 1790. He was the likely subject of a famous North East English folk song and nursery rhyme, "Bobby Shafto's Gone to Sea" (Roud #1359).
2018 Nova Scotia Scotties Tournament of Hearts
The 2018 Nova Scotia Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the provincial women's curling championship of Nova Scotia, was held from January 9 to 14 at the Dartmouth Curling Club in Dartmouth. The winning Mary-Anne Arsenault team represented Nova Scotia at the 2018 Scotties Tournament of Hearts in Penticton, British Columbia.  At the National tournament, they finished tied for 2nd in Pool A, 3rd in the Championship pool, but lost the semi-final match.

Penticton
Penticton (/pɛnˈtɪktən/ pen-TIK-tən) is a city in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia, Canada, situated between Okanagan and Skaha lakes. In the 2021 Canadian Census, its population was 36,885, while its census agglomeration population was 47,380.
Armand Bayou Archeological District
The Armand Bayou Archeological District is a historical district located near Houston, Texas listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The district is part of the Armand Bayou Watershed which is located in southeast Harris County, encompassing portions of the cities of Houston, Pasadena, Deer Park, La Porte and Taylor Lake Village.

Humans first arrived in this bayou area seven to eight thousand years ago. These humans were nomadic Native Americans composed of the Karankawa, Attakapa, and Coahuiltecan peoples. Approximately twenty Middens (prehistoric waste sites) have been found along the Bayou.

Atakapa
The Atakapa /əˈtækəpə, -pɑː/ or Atacapa were an Indigenous people of the Southeastern Woodlands, who spoke the Atakapa language and historically lived along the Gulf of Mexico in what is now Texas and Louisiana.

They included several distinct bands. They spoke the Atakapa language, which was a linguistic isolate.

After 1762, when Louisiana was transferred to Spain following French defeat in the Seven Years' War, little was written about the Atakapa as a people. Due to a high rate of deaths from infectious epidemics of the late 18th century, they ceased to function as a people. Survivors generally joined the Caddo, Koasati, and other neighboring peoples, although they kept some traditions. Some culturally distinct Atakapan descendants survived into the early 20th century. There are several unrecognized tribes who identify as having descent from the Atakapa.
John Middendorf
John William Middendorf IV (November 18, 1959 – June 21, 2024) was an American big wall climber, mountaineering writer and designer of climbing equipment.

In the 1980s, he climbed the hardest walls of Yosemite, including El Capitan and Half Dome, and in 1992 he climbed the largest rock wall in the world, Great Trango Tower. Also in the late 1980s and early 1990s, he pioneered numerous difficult big wall routes in Zion National Park. He was also a renowned portaledge designer and writer.

El Capitan
El Capitan (Spanish: El Capitán; lit. 'the Captain') is a vertical rock formation in Yosemite National Park, on the north side of Yosemite Valley, near its western end. The granite monolith is about 3,000 feet (914 m) from base to summit along its tallest face and is a world-famous location for big wall climbing, including the disciplines of aid climbing, free climbing, and more recently for free solo climbing.

The top of El Capitan can be reached by hiking out of Yosemite Valley on the trail next to Yosemite Falls, then proceeding west. For climbers, the challenge is to climb up the sheer granite face. There are many named climbing routes, all of them arduous, including Iron Hawk and Sea of Dreams.
USS Charger
USS Charger (CVE-30) was an escort carrier of the United States Navy during World War II converted from a commercial C3-P&C cargo/passenger liner hull built as Rio de la Plata intended for the Moore-McCormack company's American Republics Line serving the east coast of South America. The ship was requisitioned for conversion to an escort carrier type intended for Royal Navy use and initially commissioned as HMS Charger (D27). Days later the transfer was rescinded with the ship returning to U.S. Navy control to become USS Charger which operated throughout the war as a training ship on the Chesapeake Bay with two ferry missions to Bermuda and Guantánamo Bay, Cuba.

After decommissioning in March 1946 the ship was sold in January 1947 to become the Italian Fairsea engaged largely in refugee and immigrant voyages from Europe to Australia. After a disabling engine room fire in January 1969 the ship was sold for scrap in Italy.

International Freighting Corporation
International Freighting Corporation of New York City was a US shipping company whose main operations was chartered shipping from United States ports to South America. International Freighting Corporation owned and operated an ocean liner service called American Republics Line, with service from New York to South America. In 1920 Scovil Company took over the International Freighting Corporation. Scovil Company was founded in 1802 in Waterbury, Connecticut, operating a large brass plant. By 1956 Du Pont and General Motors Corporation were the two stock owners of International Freighting Corporation and Du Pont purchased General Motors shares. In 1957 International Charter Services was founded and took over the accounts and contracts of the troubled International Freighting Corporation.

Ships:

Cotati sunk by torpedo on September 30, 1942, off West Africa.

Most ships chartered not owned
Urho Hietanen
Urho Hietanen is a fictional character in Väinö Linna's 1954 war novel The Unknown Soldier. He is one of the main characters in the novel.

Hietanen is considered to be inspired by Väinö Linna's comrade-in-arms, Sergeant Pauli Santa (1919–1982) from Vehmaa; however, Hietanen's fate is different from that of his role model, as Linna had freely combined and altered events in this regard, and some features may have also been taken from a couple of other people. The destruction of the Kliment Voroshilov tank with an anti-tank mine, which is described as the most heroic act by Hietanen, is also based on a true incident witnessed by Linna with his own eyes.

Anti-tank mine
An anti-tank or AT mine is a type of land mine designed to damage or destroy vehicles including tanks and armored fighting vehicles.

Compared to anti-personnel mines, anti-tank mines typically have a much larger explosive charge, and a fuze designed to be triggered by vehicles or, in some cases, remotely or by tampering with the mine.
Kostanjevica na Krasu
Kostanjevica na Krasu (pronounced [kɔˈstaːnjɛʋitsa na ˈkɾaːsu]; Italian: Castagnevizza) is one of the main settlements and the administrative centre of the Municipality of Miren-Kostanjevica in the Littoral region of Slovenia. It is located in the northwestern part of the Karst Plateau, not far from Nova Gorica and the border with Italy.

Karst Plateau
The Karst Plateau or the Karst region (Slovene: Kras, Italian: Carso), also locally called Karst, is a karst plateau region extending across the border of southwestern Slovenia and northeastern Italy.

It lies between the Vipava Valley, the low hills surrounding the valley, the westernmost part of the Brkini Hills, northern Istria, and the Gulf of Trieste. The western edge of the plateau also marks the traditional ethnic border between Italians and Slovenes. The region gave its name to karst topography. For this reason, it is also referred to as the Classical Karst.
Methyl acetoacetate
The organic compound methyl acetoacetate is the methyl ester of acetoacetic acid. It is a colorless liquid. It is used as a chemical intermediate.  Many of its properties are similar to those for ethyl acetoacetate, which is more common.

At large scale, methyl acetoacetate is industrially produced by treatment of diketene with methanol.

Methyl group
In organic chemistry, a methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms, having chemical formula CH3 (whereas normal methane has the formula CH4). In formulas, the group is often abbreviated as Me. This hydrocarbon group occurs in many organic compounds. It is a very stable group in most molecules. While the methyl group is usually part of a larger molecule, bonded to the rest of the molecule by a single covalent bond (−CH3), it can be found on its own in any of three forms: methanide anion (CH−3), methylium cation (CH+3) or methyl radical (CH•3). The anion has eight valence electrons, the radical seven and the cation six. All three forms are highly reactive and rarely observed.
Systems philosophy
Systems philosophy is a discipline aimed at constructing a new philosophy (in the sense of worldview) by using systems concepts. The discipline was first described by Ervin Laszlo in his 1972 book Introduction to Systems Philosophy: Toward a New Paradigm of Contemporary Thought. It has been described as the "reorientation of thought and world view ensuing from the introduction of "systems" as a new scientific paradigm".

Alexander Laszlo
Alexander Laszlo (*1964) is a polycultural systems scientist, currently residing in Argentina.

Laszlo was the 57th President of the International Society for the Systems Sciences (ISSS), known for his work on systems theories and "education ecosystems". He, furthermore, is the President of the Board of Directors of the Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science (BCSSS), based in Vienna, Austria. He also functions as the director of research at the Laszlo Institute of New Paradigm Research (LINPR), which is based in Trieste, Italy.

With his research and work Alexander Laszlo has delivered outstanding contributions in the fields of leadership, systemic innovation, and sustainability.
Bodzanta
Bodzanta or Bodzęta of Szeliga coat of arms (Polish: Bodzęta; 1320–1388), was a Polish nobleman, governor of Kraków–Sandomierz lands (1350, 1357–1370, 1372–1379, 1381) and the archbishop of Gniezno (1382–1388).

Supporter of Louis I of Hungary and the Angevin dynasty. After his death, he first supported an Angevin candidate for the throne of the Kingdom of Poland, and than, Siemowit IV, Duke of Masovia. On 16 June 1383, he proclaimed Siemowit the king of Poland, but due to lack of support for Siemowit, he withdrew his support, embracing the idea of a Polish–Lithuanian union. On 15 February, Bodzanta baptised Lithuanian Grand Duke Jogaila, who became the king Władysław II Jagiełło. On 18 February, he presided over his marriage with Jadwiga of Poland, and on 4 March he crowned him the king of Poland.

Sandomierz
Sandomierz (pronounced: [sanˈdɔmjɛʂ] ⓘ; Latin: Sandomiria, Yiddish: צויזמר, צוזמיר, romanized: Tsouzmer, Tsoyzmer) is a historic town in south-eastern Poland with 23,863 inhabitants (as of 2017), situated on the Vistula River near its confluence with the San, in the Sandomierz Basin. It is the capital of Sandomierz County within the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Sandomierz is known for its preserved Old Town, a major cultural and tourist attraction which the President of Poland declared a National Monument of Poland in 2017.

In the past, Sandomierz was one of the most important urban centers not only of Lesser Poland, but also of the whole country. It was a royal city of the Polish Crown and functioned as a regional administrative centre from the High Middle Ages to the 19th century.
Lala Mara
Ro Lala, Lady Mara, maiden name Litia Cakobau Lalabalavu Katoafutoga Tuisawau (4 January 1931 – 20 July 2004) was a Fijian chief, who was better known as the widow of Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, modern Fiji's founding father who served for many years as Prime Minister and President of his country.  As Fiji's First Lady, Adi Lala took on a diplomatic role, frequently representing her country abroad.  She was regarded as a formidable and astute woman, whose influence on her husband was said to be considerable.

Laisenia Qarase
Laisenia Qarase (pronounced [lai̯seni̯a ŋɡaˈrase]; 4 February 1941 – 21 April 2020) was a Fijian politician. He served as the sixth Prime Minister of Fiji from 2000 to 2006. After the military quashed the coup that led to the removal of Mahendra Chaudhry, Qarase joined the Interim Military Government as a financial adviser on 9 June 2000, until his appointment as Prime Minister on 4 July. He won two parliamentary elections, but a military coup removed him from power on 5 December 2006. He was later imprisoned on corruption charges brought by the military-backed regime.

A native of Vanua Balavu Island in the Lau archipelago, he was one of many Lauans to have held top leadership positions in Fiji.
Floorball at the 2022 World Games
The floorball competition at the 2022 World Games took place in July 2022, in Birmingham, United States, at the BJCC East Exhibition Hall.
Originally scheduled to take place in July 2021, the Games were rescheduled for July 2022 as a result of the 2020 Summer Olympics postponement due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Birmingham–Jefferson Convention Complex
The Birmingham–Jefferson Convention Complex (formerly known as Birmingham-Jefferson Civic Center) is an entertainment, sports, and convention complex located in the heart of Birmingham, Alabama's Uptown Entertainment District. The Sheraton Birmingham and Westin Birmingham are located on the campus adjoining the convention center. Alongside over 220,000 square feet of exhibit halls, meeting space, and ballrooms, the complex features four entertainment venues: a stadium, an arena, concert hall, and theatre.
Hard Times (1975 film)
Hard Times is a 1975 action drama sport film co-written and directed by  Walter Hill in his directorial debut. It stars Charles Bronson as Chaney, a mysterious drifter freighthopping through Louisiana during the Great Depression, who proves indomitable in illegal bare-knuckled boxing matches after forming a partnership with the garrulous hustler Speed, played by James Coburn.

Freighthopping
Freighthopping or trainhopping is the act of boarding and riding a freightcar without permission. This activity itself is often considered to be illegal, although this varies by jurisdiction. It may be associated with other illegal activities such as theft, vagrancy, or trespassing.

Train surfing is a similar activity that involves the act of riding on the outside of a moving train, tram or another rail transport, without paying a due fare.
Madame Victorine
Madame Victorine (19th-century), was a French fashion designer couturier.

Madame Victorine was initially a student and business partner of the famous Madame Guérin, an elite milliner of the Bourbon Restoration.

She was an established fashion designer during the Bourbon Restoration and the July Monarchy. She enjoyed a successful career, came to have an influential position within the French fashion industry and was amongst the elite fashion designers in Paris, and was perhaps the most noted fashion designer in Paris in the 1830s, alongside Madame Palmyre, Madame Oudot-Manoury and Beaudran.

She was a favorite milliner of Queen Victoria.

She is referenced several times as the top Paris seamstress in the fiction of Balzac.

Bourbon Restoration in France
The Bourbon Restoration was the period of French history during which the House of Bourbon returned to power after the fall of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1814 and 1815. Exiled supporters of the monarchy returned to France, which had been profoundly changed by the French Revolution. Exhausted by the Napoleonic Wars, the kingdom experienced a period of internal and external peace, stable economic prosperity and the preliminaries of industrialisation. The July Revolution of 1830 effectively ended the restoration during the reign of Charles X, brother of the late King Louis XVI, leading to the July Monarchy and eventually the French Second Republic.
Robert Pfaller
Robert Pfaller (born 1962 in Vienna) is an Austrian professor of philosophy.

Pfaller initially taught as a professor of philosophy and cultural studies at the University of Art and Design Linz and at the Vienna University of Technology. From 2009 to October 2014, he was professor of philosophy at the University of Applied Arts Vienna. Since 2019, he has been professor of philosophy at the University of Art and Design Linz.

University of Applied Arts Vienna
The University of Applied Arts Vienna (German: Universität für angewandte Kunst Wien, or informally just Die Angewandte) is an arts university and institution of higher education in Vienna, the capital of Austria. It has had university status since 1970.
William of Binning
William of Binning or William of Binin was a 13th-century Cistercian monk. His name indicates that he came from Binning, in Uphall parish, West Lothian, Scotland; otherwise, his background is obscure. He emerges on 29 November 1243 when he is styled "Prior of Newbattle" (deputy Abbot of Newbattle) and elected to be Abbot of Coupar Angus. According to Alexander Myln's 16th century Vitae Dunkeldensis ecclesiae episcoporum ("Lives of the Bishops of Dunkeld"), when William was at Newbattle Abbey he authored a vita (that is, a biography) of John the Scot (died 1203), successively Bishop of Dunkeld and Bishop of St Andrews. The vita has failed to survive. William resigned his position as Abbot of Coupar Angus on 29 September 1258. He died at an unknown date afterwards.

Coupar Angus
Coupar Angus (/ˈkʊpər/ ⓘ; Gaelic: Cupar Aonghais) is a town in Perth and Kinross, Scotland. It lies on the River Isla in the broad and fertile Valley of Strathmore, 4 miles (6 kilometres) south of Blairgowrie. The A94 road from Perth to Forfar runs through the town, and it had a station on the Midland Junction line until 1967.

The town formerly straddled the border between Angus and Perthshire, but it has lain wholly within Perthshire since 1891. It retains the name "Coupar Angus", however, which serves to distinguish it from Cupar in Fife.
Watan Party of Afghanistan
The Homeland Party of Afghanistan (Pashto: د افغانستان د وطن ګوند, romanized: Da Afghanistan Da Watan Gwand; Dari: حزب وطن افغانستان, romanized: Hezb-e Watan-e Afghanistan) was a political party in Afghanistan. The party considered itself the successor to former President Mohammad Najibullah's ruling Watan Party which was banned following his overthrow in 1992. The party has described itself as "national and democratic, progressive and reformist".

Pashto alphabet
The Pashto alphabet (Pashto: پښتو الفبې, romanized: Pəx̌tó alfbâye) is the right-to-left abjad-based alphabet developed from the Perso-Arabic script, used for the Pashto language in  Afghanistan and Northwestern Parts of Pakistan.It originated in the 16th century through the works of Pir Roshan.
Swimming at the 2013 Mediterranean Games – Men's 50 metre backstroke
The men's 50 metre backstroke competition of the swimming events at the 2013 Mediterranean Games took place on June 21 at the Mersin Olympic Swimming Pool in Mersin, Turkey.

The race consisted of one length of the pool in backstroke.

2013 Mediterranean Games
The 2013 Mediterranean Games (Turkish: 2013 Akdeniz Oyunları), officially known as the XVII Mediterranean Games (Turkish: XVII Akdeniz Oyunları) and commonly known as Mersin 2013, was an international multi-sport event held from 20 to 30 June 2013 in Mersin, Turkey. Mersin was announced as the host city at the General Assembly of the International Committee of Mediterranean Games (CIJM) on 23 February 2011. Mersin is the second city in Turkey after İzmir to host the Mediterranean Games. All 24 member National Olympic Committees (NOCs) of the ICMG participated in the Games. The official programme for the Games is featuring events in 27 different sports.
The Ungroundable
"The Ungroundable" is the fourteenth and final episode of the 12th season of the American animated series South Park, and the 181st episode of the series overall. It originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on November 19, 2008. This is the last episode of South Park to be broadcast in 480i standard definition. The episode was rated TV-MA L in the United States. The episode spoofs vampire films including the Twilight craze and The Lost Boys, where Butters believes that he sees vampires in the school. The episode was written and directed by series co-creator Trey Parker.

Standard-definition television
Standard-definition television (SDTV; also standard definition or SD) is a digital television system that uses a resolution that is not considered to be either high or enhanced definition. Standard refers to offering a similar resolution to the analog broadcast systems used when it was introduced.
Hi FM
Hi FM is a radio station in Oman programming an English-language Top 40 radio format. It is privately owned by Entertainment Network SAOC alongside Arabic-language music station Hala FM. The studios are located in the Muscat Grand Mall.

In 2015, coverage of Hi FM and Hala FM was extended throughout Oman, making them the first private stations with national coverage. Seven transmitters are located in the north, with the only transmitter in southern Oman located at Salalah in the Dhofar Governorate.

Presenters include Robin Banks, who left 107 Jack FM in Berkshire, England, to become Hi FM's program director in 2016.

Dhofar
Dhofar (Arabic: ظُفَّار, romanized: Ẓuffār) is the largest of the 11 governorates in the Sultanate of Oman by area. It lies in southwestern Oman, bordered on the west by Al Mahrah Governorate of Yemen, on the north by the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, on the east by Al Wusta Governorate, and on the south by the Arabian Sea, part of the Indian Ocean. It is a rather mountainous area that covers 99,300 km2 (38,300 sq mi) and had a population of 416,458 in the 2020 census. Salalah is the largest city and capital of the governorate. Historically, the region was a source of frankincense. The local dialect of Arabic is Dhofari Arabic, which is distinct from that used in the rest of Oman and in Yemen.
Tejaswi Jaiswal
Tejaswi Jaiswal (born 2 March 1997) is an Indian cricketer who plays for Tripura. He made his Twenty20 debut on 23 November 2024, for Tripura in the 2024–25 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy. He made his first-class debut on 18 October 2024, for Tripura in the 2024–25 Ranji Trophy. He made his List A debut on 3 January 2025, for Tripura in the 2024–25 Vijay Hazare Trophy.

2024–25 Vijay Hazare Trophy
The 2024–25 Vijay Hazare Trophy was the 32nd edition of the Vijay Hazare Trophy, an annual List A cricket tournament in India. It was played from 21 December 2024 to 18 January 2025. Haryana were the defending champions.

In the final, Karnataka defeated Vidarbha by 36 runs to win their fifth title.