hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Phototype
Phototype can refer to a metal printing block, sometimes prepared using photogravure to reproduce a photograph in printing.  The block may be a halftone image.

Phototype can also refer to type set using a phototypesetting process to prepare pages for photo lithography. This process replaced hot metal typesetting. It was commonly used in the late nineteenth century (for book illustration), and through the 1970s and 1980s, and was in turn rapidly rendered obsolete by modern systems which employ a raster image processor to render an entire page to a single high-resolution digital image which is then photoset.

Skin phototype depends on the amount of melanin pigment in the skin.  It is assessed on a scale from 1 to 6. See Fitzpatrick scale for more details.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wood, James, ed. (1907). "Phototype". The Nuttall Encyclopædia. London and New York: Frederick Warne.

Fitzpatrick scale
The Fitzpatrick scale (also Fitzpatrick skin typing test; or Fitzpatrick phototyping scale) is a numerical classification schema for human skin color. It was developed in 1975 by American dermatologist Thomas B. Fitzpatrick as a way to estimate the response of different types of skin to ultraviolet (UV) light. It was initially developed on the basis of skin color to measure the correct dose of UVA for PUVA therapy, and when the initial testing based only on hair and eye color resulted in too high UVA doses for some, it was altered to be based on the patient's reports of how their skin responds to the sun; it was also extended to a wider range of skin types. The Fitzpatrick scale remains a recognized tool for dermatological research into human skin pigmentation.

The following table shows the six categories of the Fitzpatrick scale in relation to the 36 categories of the older von Luschan scale:
2019 İstanbul Cup
The 2019 İstanbul Cup (also known as the TEB BNP Paribas İstanbul Cup for sponsorship reasons) was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 12th edition of the İstanbul Cup, and part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2019 WTA Tour. It took place in Istanbul, Turkey, from 22 through 28 April 2019.

WTA International tournaments
The WTA International tournaments was a category for tennis tournaments of the Women's Tennis Association from the 2009 WTA Tour until 2020, which replaced the previous Tier III and Tier IV categories. As of 2021, these events have been reclassified as WTA 250 tournaments. The winner of a WTA 250 tournament adds 250 points to her WTA ranking.

For the 2025 season, there were 21 WTA 250, all knock-out tournaments with a prize money for every event at $275,094.
Karakatsanis
Karakatsanis is a Greek surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Karakatsanis (athlete), Greek shooter in the 1896 Olympics

Andromache Karakatsanis (born 1955), justice on the Supreme Court of Canada

Konstantinos Karakatsanis (born 1877, date of death unknown), Greek runner in the 1896 Olympics

Thymios Karakatsanis (1940–2012), Greek actor

Karakatsanis (athlete)
Karakatsanis (Greek: Καρακατσάνης) was a Greek shooter.  He competed at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens. Karakatsanis competed in the free rifle event.  His place and score in the event are not known, though he did not finish in the top five.
Syreitschikovia
Syreitschikovia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.

Species

Syreitschikovia spinulosa (Franch.) Pavlov - Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan

Syreitschikovia tenuifolia (Bong.) Pavlov - Xinjiang, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan

Syreitschikovia tenuis (Bunge) Botsch. - Tarbagatai Mountains in Xinjiang + Kazakhstan

Tarbagatai Mountains
The Tarbagatai Mountains are a mountain range straddling the China–Kazakhstan border, located in northwestern Xinjiang, China, and the Abai Region of East Kazakhstan. The name of the mountain derived from the Mongolian word tarvaga, meaning "marmot", with the suffix -tai, literally "to have" or "with". Tarbagan marmots live in this mountain range.

An eastern extension of the Tarbagatai is the Saur Mountains.
Edmund W. Flynn
Edmund W. Flynn (1890 – April 28, 1957) was the chief justice of the Rhode Island Supreme Court from January 1, 1935 to April 28, 1957.

Born in Providence, Rhode Island, the son of a police officer, His two older brothers were John Flynn, who briefly played major league baseball, and William S. Flynn, who became Governor of Rhode Island in 1923. Flynn graduated from the College of the Holy Cross and Georgetown Law School. A member of the Democratic Party, he represented South Providence in the Rhode Island House of Representatives for five years, from 1931 to 1935, also running unsuccessfully for mayor of Providence in 1962. When his party unexpectedly gained control of the state legislature in 1935, in what was deemed the "Bloodless Revolution", the legislature appointed an entirely new state supreme court, with Flynn as chief justice. Flynn served until his death, in Providence, at the age of 67, and was "the longest-tenured chief justice in Rhode Island history".

Rhode Island Supreme Court
The Rhode Island Supreme Court is the court of last resort in the U.S. State of Rhode Island. The Court consists of a Chief Justice and four Associate Justices, all selected by the Governor of Rhode Island from candidates vetted by the Judicial Nominating Commission. Each justice enjoys lifetime tenure and no mandatory retirement age, similar to Federal judges. Justices may be removed only if impeached for improper conduct by a vote of the Rhode Island House of Representatives and convicted by trial in the Rhode Island Senate.
Battle of Makhnivka
The Battle of Makhnivka took place between the Cossack-peasant army led by Maksym Kryvonis and the Polish–Lithuanian forces led by Jeremi Wiśniowiecki, it took place during 6–8 July in 1648, ending in Cossack victory.

Makhnivka, Khmilnyk Raion, Vinnytsia Oblast
Makhnivka (Ukrainian: Махнівка; Russian: Махновка; Yiddish: מאכניווקא) is a village in Khmilnyk Raion of Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine, located on the west bank of the Hnylopiat River. It was named Komsomolske from 1935 until 2016. As of 2017, it had a population of 3,415 people.

The village is notable for its historical Jewish population, including the Machnovka Hasidic dynasty that has its origins in Makhnivka.
Sean O'Boyle
Sean Michael O'Boyle AM (born 1963) is an Australian composer and conductor.

His River Symphony was performed by the Queensland Orchestra and released on ABC Classics in 2007 on a CD that also included Concerto for Didgeridoo composed with and recorded by William Barton. River Symphony was placed 85th in the Australian Broadcasting Corporation Classic 100 Symphony, and Concerto for Didgeridoo was placed 87th in the Australian Broadcasting Corporation Classic 100 Twentieth Century.

O'Boyle became a Member of the Order of Australia in the 2015 Australia Day honours for "significant service to music as a composer, conductor, musician, performer and musical director."

Classic 100 Symphony
During 2009, the Australian ABC Classic FM radio station conducted a survey of listeners' favourite symphonies. Participants were permitted to vote for their three preferred symphonies. The survey closed at the end of June 2009.

The works were broadcast (from number 100 to number 1) from 12–19 September 2009.
Claude Dasse
Claude Dasse (born 7 July 1964 in Paris) is a French bobsledder who competed in the early 1990s. Competing in two Winter Olympics, he earned his best finish of eighth in the four-man event at Albertville in 1992.

Albertville
Albertville (French pronunciation: [albɛʁvil] ⓘ; Arpitan: Arbèrtvile) is a subprefecture of the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in southeastern France. 
It is best known for hosting the 1992 Winter Olympics and Paralympics. In 2022, the commune had a population of 19,706; its urban area had 40,715 inhabitants.
Vanja Y. Watkins
Vanja Yorgason Watkins (born 1938) is a prolific writer of hymns of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). She composed the music for "Press Forward Saints" and "Families Can Be Together Forever", hymns that appear in the 1985 English-language hymnal of the LDS Church. She also wrote the music to a number of songs in the Primary's Children's Songbook, including the 13 "Articles of Faith" songs.

Watkins holds a bachelor's and master's degree from Brigham Young University (BYU). She has served on the general board of the Primary, the church's General Music Committee, and has been a stake Primary president and a stake Relief Society president. She taught music in public schools in Ogden and Salt Lake City and later at BYU.

Watkins married Jack B. Watkins, with whom she had five children.

Watkins contributed 27 works to the Children's Songbook.

Hymns of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (1985 book)
Hymns of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the official hymnal of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).
Published in English in 1985, and later in many other languages, it is used throughout the LDS Church. This article refers to the English version. The book was published on the 150th anniversary of the publication of the first Latter-day Saint hymnbook, compiled by Emma Smith in 1835. Previous hymnbooks used by the church include The Manchester Hymnal (1840), The Psalmody (1889), Songs of Zion (1908), Hymns (1927), and Hymns (1948).

On June 18, 2018, the church announced that updated versions of the hymnbook and the Children's Songbook would be created, by soliciting feedback for a one-year period concluding in July 2019. This culminated in having unified versions of the books in languages used by congregations worldwide, with the same numbering system.
Tottenville High School
Tottenville High School is located at 100 Luten Avenue, in Huguenot, Staten Island, New York. Tottenville H.S. is in Administrative District 31, and is operated by the New York City Department of Education. The school's principal is Gina Battista, who assumed the role in 2020.

Tottenville H.S. is within walking distance of the Huguenot station of the Staten Island Railway system.

Huguenot, Staten Island
Huguenot is a neighborhood on the South Shore of Staten Island, New York City.  Originally named "Bloomingview", it was later named for the Huguenots, led by Daniel Perrin, who settled in the area during the late 17th and early 18th centuries to escape religious persecution. Huguenot is bordered by Arden Heights to the north, Woodrow to the west, Prince's Bay to the south, and Annadale to the east.  The neighborhood is represented in the New York City Council by Joe Borelli, who was born and raised there. Huguenot is represented in the New York State Senate by Andrew Lanza and in the New York State Assembly by Michael Reilly.
Cerutti
Cerutti is an Italian surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Alison Cerutti (born 1985), Brazilian beach volleyball player

Carlos Cerutti (1969–1990), Argentine basketball player

David Cerutti (born 1974), Argentine football player

Dominique Cerutti (born 1961), French businessman

Ezequiel Cerutti (born 1992), Argentine footballer

Fabio Cerutti (born 1985), Italian athlete

Giuseppe Cerutti (1738–1792), French-Italian author and politician

Guillaume Cerutti (born 1966), French civil servant and businessman, CEO of Christie's

John Cerutti (1960–2004), American baseball pitcher and television analyst

Marziale Cerutti (1895–1946), Italian general

Susana Ruiz Cerutti (born 1940), Argentine politician

Vincent Cerutti (born 1981), French radio and television presenter

Guillaume Cerutti
Guillaume Cerutti (born 20 March 1966) is a French business executive and former senior civil servant. He has been the chairman of Christie's auction house since 2023. In 2025, he succeeded François Pinault as president of the Pinault Collection.

He was managing director of the Centre Georges Pompidou from 1996 and 2001. From 2002 to 2004, he served as chief of staff for the French Minister of Culture Jean-Jacques Aillagon, and afterwards worked in France's Finance Ministry. He was the chief executive officer of Sotheby's France from 2007 to 2011 and deputy chairman of Sotheby's Europe until 2015, and CEO of Christie's from 2017 to 2025.
Jarabulus Tahtani
Jarabulus Tahtani (Arabic: جرابلس تحتاني, romanized: Jarābulus Taḩtānī, lit. 'Lower Jarabulus') is a village in northern Aleppo Governorate, northern Syria. Situated in the Jarabulus Plain's wetlands, on the western banks of river Euphrates, the village is located some 2 km (1.2 mi) to the southeast of Jarabulus, and about 3 km (1.9 mi) south of the border with the Turkish province of Gaziantep.

With 2,170 inhabitants, as per the 2004 census, is the second largest village of Nahiya Jarabulus within Jarabulus District. The bridge connecting Jarabulus Tahtani with Shuyukh Fawqani was severely damaged in March 2015.

Jarabulus District
Jarabulus District (Arabic: منطقة جرابلس, romanized: manṭiqat Ğarābulus) is a district of Aleppo Governorate in northern Syria, on the border with Turkey. The administrative centre is the city of Jarabulus.

At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 58,889. Ethnically, it is mostly composed of Arabs and Turkmens but also includes Kurds, who settled in the area during the 17th century.

The Euphrates river enters Syria from Turkey in Jarabulus.
Cyrtopodion gastrophole
Cyrtopodion gastrophole, also known commonly as the Farsian spider gecko, Werner's spider gecko, or Werner's bent-toed gecko, is a species of gecko, a lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is endemic to southcentral Iran.

Gekkonidae
Gekkonidae (the common geckos) is the largest family of geckos, containing over 950 described species in 62 genera. The Gekkonidae contain many of the most widespread gecko species, including house geckos (Hemidactylus), the tokay gecko (Gekko), day geckos (Phelsuma), the  mourning gecko (Lepidodactylus), and dtellas (Gehyra). Gekkonid geckos occur globally and are particularly diverse in tropical areas. Many species of these geckos exhibit an adhering ability to surfaces through Van der Waals forces utilizing intermolecular forces between molecules of their setae (foot hair) and molecules of the surface they are on.

The genus Hemidactylus is one of the most species-rich and widely distributed of all reptile genera.
Toa Payoh Stadium
Toa Payoh Stadium was a multi-purpose stadium in Toa Payoh, Singapore. It was used mostly for football matches and was the home stadium of Balestier Khalsa. The stadium held 3,800 people. It was taken over by the then Singapore Sports Council on 30 November 1973, and opened to the public on 1 March 1974.

Sport Singapore
Sport Singapore (SportSG) is a statutory board under the Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth of the Government of Singapore. It is the lead agency tasked with developing a holistic sports culture for the nation.
The Martyrdom of Saint Justina
The Martyrdom of Saint Justina is a c.1570–1575 oil-on-canvas painting by the Italian painter Paolo Veronese, with assistance from his younger brother. It was originally produced for Santa Giustina Basilica in Padua and now is held in the Uffizi, in Florence. It shows the martyrdom of Justina of Padua.

A painting on this subject – probably this work – is recorded in the Canonici collection in Ferrara in 1632. From there it passed into the collection of Paolo del Sera, agent and intermediary in Venice for cardinal Leopoldo de' Medici. The cardinal himself acquired it and Veronese's Annunciation from del Sera in 1654 and brought them both to Florence. Martyrdom was restored in 1988.

Ferrara
Ferrara (/fəˈrɑːrə/; Italian: [ferˈraːra] ⓘ; Emilian: Fràra [ˈfraːra]) is a city and comune (municipality) in Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy, capital of the province of Ferrara. As of 2016, it had 132,009 inhabitants. It is situated 44 kilometres (27 miles) northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main stream of the Po River, located 5 km (3 miles) north. The town has broad streets and numerous palaces dating from the Renaissance, when it hosted the court of the House of Este. For its beauty and cultural importance, it has been designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
Garth Harris (swimmer)
Garth Harris is a Canadian Paralympic swimmer. He represented Canada at the 1996 Summer Paralympics held in Atlanta, United States and he won the bronze medal in the men's 50 metres breaststroke SB3 event.

1996 Summer Paralympics
The 1996 Summer Paralympic in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, were held from August 15 to 25. It was the first Paralympics to get mass media sponsorship, and had a budget of USD $81 million.

It was the first Paralympic Games where International Sports Federation for Persons with an Intellectual Disability athletes were given full medal status.
2015 Italian motorcycle Grand Prix
The 2015 Italian motorcycle Grand Prix was the sixth round of the 2015 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It was held at the Mugello Circuit in Scarperia on 31 May 2015.

In the MotoGP class, Ducati's Andrea Iannone took his first pole position. However, Jorge Lorenzo won his third consecutive race ahead of Iannone and Valentino Rossi, who started from eighth on the grid. Honda's Marc Márquez was also running towards the front of the race, but he crashed out of the race at the three-quarter distance mark, while Andrea Dovizioso – third in the championship – was also forced to retire from the race, just after the halfway mark.

Scarperia
Scarperia is a frazione of the comune (municipality) of Scarperia e San Piero, located in the Metropolitan City of Florence, in Tuscany, Italy, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of Florence. It was an independent comune until 1 January 2014.
Sosei
Sosei (Japanese: 素性 or 素性法師, c. 844 – 910) was a Japanese waka poet and Buddhist priest. He is listed as one of the Thirty-six Poetry Immortals, and one of his poems was included in the famous anthology Hyakunin Isshu. His father Henjō was also a waka poet and monk.

Sosei entered religious life sometime after his father, who took the tonsure after the death of Emperor Ninmyō in 850.

His father is said to have pushed him into joining religion, and we can find a total of 36 poems by him in the Kokin Wakashū.

Ogura Hyakunin Isshu
Hyakunin Isshu (百人一首) is a classical Japanese anthology of one hundred Japanese waka by one hundred poets. Hyakunin Isshu can be translated to "one hundred people, one poem [each]"; it can also refer to the card game of uta-garuta, which uses a deck composed of cards based on the Hyakunin Isshu.

The most famous and standard version was compiled by Fujiwara no Teika (1162–1241) while he lived in the Ogura district of Kyoto. It is therefore also known as Ogura Hyakunin Isshu (小倉百人一首).
Princeton North Main Street Historic District
The Princeton North Main Street Historic District is a national historic district in Princeton, Illinois. The district is centered on North Main Street and encompasses one of Princeton's two historic downtown areas, the other of which is along South Main Street. Development in the area began when Princeton's railroad station opened there in 1854, and it continued through the mid-twentieth century. As the railroad mainly brought agricultural businesses and other functional stores to the area, North Main Street gained a reputation as being less fashionable than South Main Street. The district's buildings reflect popular architectural styles of the period; Italianate and Arts and Crafts architecture is especially common, but Queen Anne, Prairie School, and Mission Revival buildings are also present.

The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 18, 2018.

Mission Revival architecture
The Mission Revival style was part of an architectural movement, beginning in the late 19th century, for the revival and reinterpretation of American colonial styles. Mission Revival drew inspiration from the late 18th and early 19th century Spanish missions in California. It is sometimes termed California Mission Revival, particularly when used elsewhere, such as in New Mexico and Texas which have their own unique regional architectural styles. In Australia, the style is known as Spanish Mission.

The Mission Revival movement was most popular between 1890 and 1915, in numerous residential, commercial and institutional structures, particularly schools and railroad depots.
Nora Trueblood Gause
Nora Trueblood Gause (née, Trueblood; February 9, 1851 – June 13, 1955) was an American humanitarian. She spent twenty years as a school teacher in Howard County, Indiana, where she lived her entire life.  Nora was active for many years in the Humane Society of the United States and the  National Audubon Society, also she was a writer for the Humane Journal. In 1952, she was the recipient of the American Humane Association's  "American Humane Award" (Humanitarian of the Year).

Howard County, Indiana
Howard County is one of 92 counties in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 83,658. The county seat is Kokomo. Originally named Richardville County, it was renamed in 1846 to commemorate General Tilghman Ashurst Howard.

Howard County comprises the Kokomo, Indiana, Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Cherry Walk
Cherry Walk, also known as Cherry Row, is a historic home and farm complex located near Dunbrooke, Essex County, Virginia. The house is dated to the late-18th century, and is a 1+1⁄2-story, five-bay, brick dwelling with a gambrel roof.  Also on the property are the contributing two dairies, a smokehouse, a kitchen, a privy, a large wooden barn encasing an older barn, a plank construction storage shed, a ruinous blacksmith shop, and the sites of other old outbuildings.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Essex County, Virginia
Essex County is a United States county located in the Middle Peninsula of the Commonwealth of Virginia.  The county is bordered by the Rappahannock River on the north and King and Queen County on the south. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 10,599. The county seat is the historic town of Tappahannock.

The county was created in 1692, when the old Rappahannock County was dissolved to form the new Essex and Richmond counties, and was named to honor Essex in England.  Due to the region's location on the Rappahannock River, it was one of the early areas visited by English explorer John Smith.  Smith's three trips led to him being captured, attacked and finally making peace with the resident indigenous Powhatan people.
Intigam Zairov
Intigam Zairov (born 21 April 1985 in Baku) is an Azerbaijani weightlifter he won silver medal at 2009 European Weightlifting Championships in Bucharest.

He competed for Azerbaijan at the 2008 in the Men’s 85kg weightlifting event and the 2012 Summer Olympics in the Men’s 94kg weightlifting event.

In 2016, he was disqualified from the Beijing 2008 Olympics following reanalysis of his samples from the 2008 Olympics, resulted in a positive test for the prohibited substance turinabol.

On 12 January 2017 it was announced that because of a doping violation he had been disqualified from the 2012 Olympic Games.

Weightlifting at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Weightlifting competitions at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China were held from August 9 to August 19. Competitions were conducted at the Beihang University Gymnasium.

The medal records at the 2008 Games were heavily amended following a re-analysis of competitors samples in 2015, 2016 and 2017. 26 lifters were disqualified due to these tests, including 16 medalists and four lifters who stood to inherit forfeited medals.