hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Visborg
Visborg (also spelled Wisborg) was a medieval fortress located in the town of Visby on the Swedish island of Gotland. Several fortresses were built in Visby over the centuries. The last was the castle built by King Erik of Pomerania, ruler of Kalmar Union. The fortress served as Erik’s residence after his deposition and remained an important Danish stronghold until its destruction in 1679. Today, only fragments of its walls survive overlooking Visby’s harbor.

Kalmar Union
The Kalmar Union was a personal union in Scandinavia, agreed at Kalmar in Sweden as designed by Queen Margaret of Denmark. From 1397 to 1523, it joined under a single monarch the three kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden (then including much of present-day Finland), and Norway, together with Norway's maritime colonies (then including Iceland, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, and the Northern Isles of Orkney and Shetland).

The union was not quite continuous; there were several short interruptions. Legally, the countries remained separate sovereign states, but their domestic and foreign policies were directed by a common monarch. Gustav Vasa's election as King of Sweden on 6 June 1523, and his triumphant entry into Stockholm 11 days later, marked Sweden's final secession from the Kalmar Union. The Danish king formally renounced his claim to Sweden in 1524 at the Treaty of Malmö.
Nakhimovsky (rural locality)
Nakhimovsky (Russian: Нахимовский; masculine), Nakhimovskaya (Нахимовская; feminine), or Nakhimovskoye (Нахимовское; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Nakhimovskoye, Leningrad Oblast, a settlement under the administrative jurisdiction of Roshchinskoye Settlement Municipal Formation in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast; 60°24′N 29°31′E﻿ / ﻿60.400°N 29.517°E﻿ / 60.400; 29.517

Nakhimovskoye, Smolensk Oblast, a selo in Nakhimovskoye Rural Settlement of Kholm-Zhirkovsky District in Smolensk Oblast

Kholm-Zhirkovsky District
Kholm-Zhirkovsky District (Russian: Холм-Жирковский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-five in Smolensk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,033.40 square kilometers (785.10 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a settlement) of Kholm-Zhirkovsky. Population: 10,717 (2010 Census);  12,815 (2002 Census); 15,966 (1989 Soviet census). The population of the administrative center accounts for 32.6% of the district's total population.
Shesh Narayan Yadav
Shesh Narayan Yadav (Nepali: शेषनारायण यादव) is a Nepalese politician belonging to Nepali Congress and the current Minister of Energy, Irrigation and Water Supply of Madhesh Province.

Yadav is a member of Provincial Assembly of Madhesh Province. He was elected via 2022 Nepalese provincial elections from Dhanusha 4(A).

2022 Nepalese provincial elections
Provincial assembly elections were held in Nepal on 20 November 2022 along with the general election. 330 seats in the seven provincial assemblies will be elected by first-past-the-post voting and 220 by proportional representation.
Atul Chandra Chatterjee
Sir Atul Chandra Chatterjee GCIE KCSI (Bengali: অতুল চন্দ্র চ্যাটার্জী; 24 November 1874 – 8 September 1955) was an Indian diplomat and government official who served as the Indian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom from 1925 to 1931 and was member of the governing body of the League of Nations Assembly in 1925 and 1946. He is known for proposing the India House in London in 1925, which was designed by Sir Herbert Baker and completed in 1930.

High commissioner
High commissioner is the title of various high-ranking, special executive positions held by a commission of appointment.

The English term is also used to render various equivalent titles in other languages.
Beckenham Junction station
Beckenham Junction is the main railway and tram station in Beckenham in the London Borough of Bromley, south London. The railway stop is on the Chatham Main Line, 8 miles 53 chains (13.9 km) down the line from London Victoria and situated between Kent House and Shortlands. The tram stop is one of the eastern termini of Tramlink.

For train journeys, Beckenham Junction is in London fare zone 4. Most trains that call are operated by Southeastern, but some Southern services also call.

London Borough of Bromley
The London Borough of Bromley (/ˈbrɒmli/ ⓘ) is a borough in Greater London, England. It is the largest and southeasternmost borough in London, and borders the counties of Surrey and Kent, the latter of which it formed part until 1965. The borough's population in the 2021 census was 329,991. It is named after Bromley, its principal town. Other districts are Penge, Hayes, West Wickham, Chislehurst, Beckenham and Orpington. The local authority is Bromley London Borough Council.
Rufiji–Ruvuma languages
The Rufiji–Ruvuma languages are a group of Bantu languages established by Gloria Waite (1979) and subsequent researchers: N10 (less Manda), P10 (Ngindo moved to N10), P20.

The languages, or clusters, along with their Guthrie identifications are:

Ruvuma (P20):
Yao–Mwera
Makonde: Makonde–Machinga, Mabiha

Mbinga
Ruhuhu (N10): Matengo, Mpoto
Matandu (P10): Matumbi, Ndengereko (Rufiji)
Lwegu:  Ngindo (P10), Ndendeule, Ndwewe (N10)

Songea (N10): Ngoni

Among the Guthrie languages not specifically classified are Nindi (N10, said to be close to Ndendeule); and Tonga of Malawi (N10).

Nurse moves Manda to Bena–Kinga, but Ehret keeps it here.

Northeast Bantu languages
The Northeast Bantu languages are a group of Bantu languages spoken in East Africa. In Guthrie's geographic classification, they fall within Bantu zones E50 plus E46 (Sonjo), E60 plus E74a (Taita), F21–22, J, G60, plus Northeast Coast Bantu (of zones E & G). Some of these languages (F21, most of E50, and some of J) share a phonological innovation called Dahl's law that is unlikely to be borrowed as a productive process, though individual words reflecting Dahl's law have been borrowed into neighboring languages.

The languages, or clusters, are:
Agence nationale de la recherche
The Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR, fr: National Agency for Research) is a French institution tasked with funding scientific research. It was founded on 7 February 2005 as a groupement d'intérêt public, and has acquired the status of établissement public à caractère administratif on 1 August 2006.

The ANR funds scientific teams, both public and private, in the form of short-term research contracts. Its budget was 350 million Euros in 2005, rose to 955M€ in 2009 but then fell to 703M€ in 2019.
The ANR was supervised by Jacques Stern from 2007 until 2010 and by Eva Pebay-Peyroula since 2010.

Jacques Stern (cryptographer)
Jacques Stern (born 21 August 1949) is a cryptographer, currently a professor at the École Normale Supérieure. He received the 2006 CNRS Gold medal. His notable work includes the cryptanalysis of numerous encryption and signature schemes, the design of the Pointcheval–Stern signature algorithm, the Naccache–Stern cryptosystem and Naccache–Stern knapsack cryptosystem, and the block ciphers CS-Cipher, DFC, and xmx. He also contributed to the cryptanalysis of the SFLASH signature scheme.
Outline of France
The following outline is provided as an overview and topical guide of France:

France – country in Western Europe  with several overseas regions and territories. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. From its shape, it is often referred to in French as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon").

Secondary education in France
In France, secondary education is in two stages:

Collèges (French pronunciation: [kɔlɛʒ]) cater for the first four years of secondary education from the ages of 11 to 14.

Lycées (French pronunciation: [lise]) provide a three-year course of further secondary education for students between the ages of 15 and 19 (although some lycées host higher education courses like CPGE or BTS). Pupils are prepared for the baccalauréat (French pronunciation: [bakaloʁea]; baccalaureate, colloquially known as bac, previously bachot), which can lead to higher education studies or directly to professional life. There are three main types of baccalauréat: the baccalauréat général, baccalauréat technologique and baccalauréat professionnel.
MiR-208
miR-208 is a family of microRNA precursors found in animals, including humans. The ~22 nucleotide mature miRNA sequence is excised from the precursor hairpin by the enzyme Dicer. This sequence then associates with RISC which effects RNA interference.

In humans, the gene for miR-208 is located in an intron of MYH7.

Intron
An intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is not expressed or operative in the final RNA product. The word intron is derived from the term intragenic region, i.e., a region inside a gene. The term intron refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene and the corresponding RNA sequence in RNA transcripts. The non-intron sequences that become joined by this RNA processing to form the mature RNA are called exons.

Introns are found in the genes of most eukaryotes and many eukaryotic viruses, and they can be located in both protein-coding genes and genes that function as RNA (noncoding genes). There are four main types of introns: tRNA introns, group I introns, group II introns, and spliceosomal introns (see below). Introns are rare in Bacteria and Archaea (prokaryotes).
Emine Bilgin
Emine Bilgin (born 15 July 1984) is a Turkish weightlifter who competed in the 53 kg and 58 kg divisions.  
She is a European champion, a World Championships bronze medalist, and a multiple medalist at the Mediterranean Games representing Turkey between 2000 and 2010.

Mediterranean Games
The Mediterranean Games is a multi-sport event organised by the International Committee of Mediterranean Games (CIJM). It is held every four years among athletes from countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea in Africa, Asia and Europe. The first Mediterranean Games were held in 1951 in Alexandria, Egypt, while the most recent games were held in 2022 in Oran, Algeria.
Convention of conservatism
In accounting, the convention of conservatism, also known as the doctrine of prudence, is a policy of anticipating possible future losses but not future gains. It states that when choosing between two solutions, the one that will be least likely to overstate assets and income should be selected. This policy tends to understate net assets and net income, and therefore lead companies to "play safe". When given a choice between several outcomes where the probabilities of occurrence are equally likely, one should recognize that transaction resulting in the lower amount of profit, or at least the deferral of a profit.

Conservatism plays an important role in a number of accounting rules, including the allowance for doubtful debts and the lower of cost or market rule, which states that one should record inventory at the lower of either its acquisition cost or its current market value.

Net income
In business and accounting, net income is an entity's income minus cost of goods sold, expenses, depreciation and amortization, interest, and taxes, and other expenses for an accounting period.

It is computed as the residual of all revenues and gains less all expenses and losses for the period, and has also been defined as the net increase in shareholders' equity that results from a company's operations. It is different from gross income, which only deducts the cost of goods sold from revenue.

For households and individuals, net income is the (gross) income minus taxes and other deductions (e.g. mandatory pension contributions).
Fall (Borknagar album)
Fall is the twelfth studio album by Norwegian progressive metal band Borknagar. It was released on 23 February 2024 through Century Media Records and was produced by Øystein G. Brun, the band's guitarist.

Century Media Records
Century Media Records is a German heavy metal record label with offices in Germany, the United States and the United Kingdom. In August 2015, Century Media was acquired by Sony Music for US$17 million.
Baisipalli Wildlife Sanctuary
Baisipalli Wildlife Sanctuary was created on 6 May 1981 and is located in Nayagarh, Odisha, India, adjacent to the Satkosia Gorge Wildlife Sanctuary. It is 168.35 square kilometres (41,600 acres) of sanctuary land, home to bear, elephant, leopard, sambar deer and spotted deer.

The sanctuary is located where the Mahanadi River passes through a gorge in the Eastern Ghats mountains. Elevations range from near sea level to about 900 metres (3,000 ft).

Baisipalli is located in the Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests ecoregion. The two major plant communities are mixed deciduous forests including Sal (Shorea robusta) and riverine forest.

In 2007, the Satkosia Tiger Reserve was designated, which comprises Baisipali and the adjacent Satkosia Gorge Wildlife Sanctuary.

Due to its flora and fauna and beautiful landscapes, this sanctuary is an ideal tourist destination.

Mahanadi
The Mahanadi River is a major river in East Central India. It drains an area of around 132,100 square kilometres (51,000 sq mi) and has a total length of 900 kilometres (560 mi). Mahanadi is also known for the Hirakud Dam which was the first major multipurpose river valley project after India's independence in 1947. The river flows through the states of Chhattisgarh and Odisha, before finally ending in the Bay of Bengal.
Stimela (Coal Train)
"Stimela (Coal Train)" is a song by South African jazz trumpeter and composer Hugh Masekela, first recorded in 1974. Evocative of the harsh realities of apartheid‑era migrant labour, it became an anthem for South Africa's working class and one of Masekela’s best‑known compositions.

Hugh Masekela
Hugh Ramapolo Masekela (4 April 1939 – 23 January 2018) was a South African trumpeter, flugelhornist, cornetist, singer and composer who was described as "the father of South African jazz". Masekela was known for his jazz compositions and for writing well-known anti-apartheid songs such as "Soweto Blues" and "Bring Him Back Home". He also had a number-one US pop hit in 1968 with his version of "Grazing in the Grass".
Sonny Rollins and Thelonious Monk
Sonny Rollins and Thelonious Monk [Quartet] is a 10" LP by American jazz pianist and composer Thelonious Monk, performed by a quartet featuring Rollins and Monk. It was originally released in 1954 as the fifth of five 10" LPs featuring Monk for Prestige (PrLP 190). (The word "Quartet" appeared in the title only on the label.) Its contents were later split between the two 12-inch albums Thelonious Monk and Sonny Rollins and the Sonny Rollins album Moving Out. It has rarely been re-released in its original format, although it was included in a limited edition boxed set by Craft Records in 2017.

Vincent Youmans
Vincent Millie Youmans (September 27, 1898 – April 5, 1946) was an American Broadway composer and  producer.

A leading Broadway composer of his day, Youmans collaborated with virtually all the greatest lyricists on Broadway: Ira Gershwin, Otto Harbach, Oscar Hammerstein II, Irving Caesar, Anne Caldwell, Leo Robin, Howard Dietz, Clifford Grey, Billy Rose, Edward Eliscu, Edward Heyman, Harold Adamson, Buddy DeSylva and Gus Kahn.  Youmans' early songs are remarkable for their economy of melodic material: two-, three- or four-note phrases are constantly repeated and varied by subtle harmonic or rhythmic changes. In later years, however, he turned to longer musical sentences and more rhapsodic melodic lines.  Youmans published fewer than 100 songs, but 18 of these were considered standards by ASCAP, a remarkably high percentage.
Listed buildings in Odell, Bedfordshire
Odell is a civil parish in Bedford, Bedfordshire, England. It contains 29 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, one is listed at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.

Borough of Bedford
Bedford, or the Borough of Bedford, is a local government district with borough status in the ceremonial county of Bedfordshire, England. It is administered by Bedford Borough Council, a unitary authority. The council is based in Bedford, the borough's namesake and principal settlement, which is the county town of Bedfordshire.

The Bedford built-up-area is the 71st largest in the United Kingdom and also includes Kempston and Biddenham. Away from the Bedford built-up area the borough includes a large rural area with many villages. 75% of the borough's population live in the Bedford built-up and the five large villages which surround it, which makes up slightly less than 6% of the total land area of the borough.

The borough is also the location of the Wixams new settlement, immediately south of Bedford, which received its first residents in 2009.
Weightlifting at the 2015 Pan American Games – Women's 63 kg
The women's 63 kg competition of the weightlifting events at the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto, Canada, was held on July 13 at the Oshawa Sports Centre. The defending champion was Maria Escobar from Ecuador.

Each lifter performed in both the snatch and clean and jerk lifts, with the final score being the sum of the lifter's best result in each. The athlete received three attempts in each of the two lifts; the score for the lift was the heaviest weight successfully lifted.

Tribute Communities Centre
The Tribute Communities Centre, formerly known as the General Motors Centre or GM Centre, GMC for short, is a multi-purpose arena located in downtown Oshawa, Ontario, Canada, which opened in November 2006. The arena was constructed to replace the Oshawa Civic Auditorium. The main tenant is the Oshawa Generals of the Ontario Hockey League; beginning in 2026, the Oshawa FireWolves of the National Lacrosse League will also play their home games at the Centre. It features the Oshawa Sports Hall of Fame, Prospects Bar and Grill, an Oshawa Generals retail store, executive seating and special club seats. The name was changed to Tribute Communities Centre on November 1, 2016.
James S. Donnelly Jr.
James S. Donnelly Jr. (born 1943) is emeritus professor of history at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where he specialised in 19th-century Irish history. He is a leading figure in the field of Irish studies in North America. Donnelly is a former president of the American Conference for Irish Studies, and a current co-editor of the journal Éire-Ireland.  He earned degrees from Fordham University and Harvard University.

His research on the Irish Potato Famine made him a well-known historian in the debate on whether the famine was genocide or not.

He has cooperated with Dr. Andy Bielenberg of University College Cork in compiling a digital profile of casualties in Cork during the Irish War of Independence.

Irish studies
Irish Studies is an interdisciplinary field of research devoted to the study of Ireland, History of Ireland. Geography of Ireland, Culture of Ireland, Literature of Ireland, Art of Ireland, Languages of Ireland, Politics of the Republic of Ireland, Politics of Northern Ireland and Irish people in Ireland and elsewhere. It is sometimes subsumed within the category of Celtic studies and European studies.

In 2018, the Irish government launched a Global Ireland initiative which was designed to promote all aspects of Ireland, including culture, diplomacy and business, internationally. This supplemented the Culture Ireland initiative which was established in 2005.
Gutierre Álvarez de Toledo
Gutierre Álvarez de Toledo was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Plasencia (1496–1506). He was also appointed as Archbishop of Seville in 1506, but it is unlikely that he ever took possession of the see.

Catholic-Hierarchy.org
Catholic-Hierarchy.org is an online database of bishops and dioceses of the Latin Church and the 23 Eastern Catholic Churches that are in full communion with Rome. The website, not officially sanctioned by the Church, is run as a private project by David M. Cheney in Kansas City.
Anaphoric clitic
In linguistics, anaphoric clitics are a specific subset of clitics: morphologically-bound morphemes that syntactically resemble one word unit, but are bound phonologically to another word unit. Anaphoric clitics are a type of anaphor, meaning that they refer to previously mentioned constituents. Anaphoric clitics thus fill a position in a clause that would otherwise be occupied by a noun phrase, meaning that they are in complementary distribution with full noun phrases. A sentence can thus either contain an anaphoric clitic or a full noun phrase carrying out a particular grammatical function, but not both.

For example, in the Yagua language, spoken in Peru, there is an anaphoric clitic sa which appears before the verb, in subject function: the verb can either have a full noun phrase subject, or the clitic sa.

Noun phrase
A noun phrase – or NP or nominal (phrase) – is a phrase that usually has a noun or pronoun as its head, and has the same grammatical functions as a noun. Noun phrases are very common cross-linguistically, and they may be the most frequently occurring phrase type.

Noun phrases often function as verb subjects and objects, as predicative expressions, and as complements of prepositions. One NP can be embedded inside another NP; for instance, some of his constituents has as a constituent the shorter NP his constituents.

In some theories of grammar, noun phrases with determiners are analyzed as having the determiner as the head of the phrase, see for instance Chomsky (1995) and Hudson (1990).
Velemín
Velemín (German: Wellemin) is a municipality and village in Litoměřice District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,700 inhabitants.

Velemín lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) west of Litoměřice, 14 km (9 mi) south-west of Ústí nad Labem, and 61 km (38 mi) north-west of Prague.

Litoměřice
Litoměřice (Czech pronunciation: [ˈlɪtomɲɛr̝ɪtsɛ] ⓘ; German: Leitmeritz) is a town in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 23,000 inhabitants. It is located at the confluence of the Elbe and Ohře rivers. In the Middle Ages, it was a royal town of great political, cultural and economic importance. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation. The town is the seat of the Diocese of Litoměřice.
Nikita Lukin
Nikita Lukin (born 17 January 1992) is a Russian professional ice hockey forward currently playing for HC Lada Togliatti of the Supreme Hockey League.

Lukin played twelve games with HC Dynamo Moscow of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) during the 2012–13 season.

HC Lada Togliatti
HC Lada Togliatti (Russian: ХК Лада) is a professional ice hockey club based in Tolyatti, Russia. It is a member of the Bobrov Division in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

Togliatti were participants in the inaugural season of the KHL in 2008–09.  Due to a lack of a satisfactory arena, the KHL expelled the team and the team dropped one level to the Supreme Hockey League (VHL) for the 2010–11 season. They were allowed to rejoin the KHL for the 2014–15 season after the opening of the Lada Arena. However, the team was expelled again following the end of the 2017–18 season, and returned to the VHL. The team once again rejoined the KHL for the 2023–24 season. Lada initially played in the Kharlamov Division in the Eastern Conference, however with the withdrawal of HC Vityaz from the competition, Togliatti were moved to the Bobrov Division of the Western Conference prior to the 2025–26 season.