hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Evaporating dish
An evaporating dish is a piece of laboratory glassware used for the evaporation of solutions and supernatant liquids, and sometimes to their melting point. Evaporating dishes are used to evaporate excess solvents – most commonly water – to produce a concentrated solution or a solid precipitate of the dissolved substance.

Precipitation (chemistry)
In an aqueous solution, precipitation is the "sedimentation of a solid material (a precipitate) from a liquid solution". The solid formed is called the precipitate. In case of an inorganic chemical reaction leading to precipitation, the chemical reagent causing the solid to form is called the precipitant.

The liquid remaining above the precipitated or the centrifuged solid phase is also called the supernate or supernatant.
Nematullo Quttiboev
Nematullo Quttiboev (Uzbek: Неъматулла Қутибоев, Russian: Неъматулла Кутыбаев; born 28 September 1973) is an Uzbek professional football and coach and former player who played for FC Pakhtakor Tashkent in the Uzbek League and FC Ordabasy the Kazakhstan Premier League.

Kazakhstan Premier League
The Kazakhstan Professional Football League (Kazakh: Қазақстан Премьер Лигасы), commonly referred to as the Kazakh Premier League or simply the Premier League, is a professional association football league in Kazakhstan and the highest level of the Kazakh football league system.

The league is controlled by the Football Federation of Kazakhstan and was set up in 1992. The league is fed into by the First Division and starts in spring and finishes in late autumn because of the low temperatures in the winter, with each championship corresponding to a calendar year. The majority of matches have been played at weekends in recent seasons.
Dharmathin Thalaivan
Dharmathin Thalaivan (transl. Righteous Leader) is a 1988 Indian Tamil-language action-drama film directed by S. P. Muthuraman and produced by Dhandayuthapani Films, in their final venture. The film stars Rajinikanth in dual roles, along with Prabhu, Suhasini, Khushbu, Nassar and Captain Raju in other roles. It is a remake of the 1978 Hindi film Kasme Vaade. The film marked the debut of Khushbu in Tamil cinema. It was released on 24 September 1988, and composer Ilaiyaraaja won the Cinema Express Award for Best Music Director.

S. P. Muthuraman
Subbiah Palaniappan "S.P." Muthuraman, also referred to as SPM, is an Indian film director who works in the Tamil film industry. He has directed 72 films in Tamil. He was one of the most successful commercial directors in Tamil cinema. Initially he worked mainly with R. Muthuraman, Jaishankar, Sivaji Ganesan and went on to direct successful films with Rajinikanth and Kamal Haasan.

S. P. Muthuraman debuted as an assistant director in the film Kalathur Kannamma (1960). He has received two South Filmfare Awards and a Best Director award from the Tamil Nadu State Government.

Since 1977, his association with Rajinikanth proved to be extremely successful, as they went on work together in 25 films. Muthuraman was mainly responsible for moulding Rajini's career and turning him into a commercial star. He was also the associate producer of the Rajinikanth starrer Sivaji.
Mineral lick
A mineral lick (also known as a salt lick) is a place where animals can go to lick essential mineral nutrients from a deposit of salts and other minerals. Mineral licks  can be naturally occurring or artificial (such as blocks of salt that farmers place in pastures for livestock to lick). Natural licks are common, and they provide essential elements such as phosphorus and the biometals (sodium, calcium, iron, zinc, and trace elements) required for bone, muscle and other growth in herbivorous mammals such as deer, moose, elephants, hippos, rhinos, giraffes, zebras, wildebeests, tapirs, woodchucks, fox squirrels, mountain goats, porcupines, and frugivorous bats. Such licks are especially important in ecosystems such as tropical rainforests and grasslands with poor general availability of nutrients. Harsh weather exposes salty mineral deposits that draw animals from miles away for a taste of needed nutrients. It is thought that certain fauna can detect calcium in salt licks.

Biometal (biology)
Biometals (also called biocompatible metals, bioactive metals, metallic biomaterials) are metals normally present, in small but important and measurable amounts, in biology, biochemistry, and medicine. The metals copper, zinc, iron, and manganese are examples of metals that are essential for the normal functioning of most plants and the bodies of most animals, such as the human body. A few (calcium, potassium, sodium) are present in relatively larger amounts, whereas most others are trace metals, present in smaller but important amounts (the image shows the percentages for humans). Approximately 2/3 of the existing periodic table is composed of metals with varying properties, accounting for the diverse ways in which metals (usually in ionic form) have been utilized in nature and medicine.
Verkhny Fiagdon
Verkhny Fiagdon or Upper Fiagdon (Ossetian: Уæллаг Фиййагдон; Wællag Fijjagdon, Russian: Верхний Фиагдон) is a settlement in Alagirsky District of North Ossetia–Alania (Russia). Verkhny Fiagdon is located in Kurtat valley on the river Fiagdon.

Alagirsky District
Alagirsky District (Russian: Алаги́рский райо́н; Ossetian: Алагиры район, Alagiry rajon) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the eight in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, Russia. It is located in the central and southern parts of the republic along the Russian border with South Ossetia/Georgia. The area of the district is 2,135 square kilometers (824 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Alagir. Population: 38,830 (2010 census); 38,581 (2002 Census); 39,048 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Alagir accounts for 54.0% of the district's total population.
Charmaine Soh
Charmaine Soh Shi Hui (born 24 March 1990) is a retired Singaporean netball player and former captain of the Singapore national team who played either as a goal attack or goal shooter. Charmaine officially captained the national side at the 2019 Netball World Cup replacing Vanessa Marie Lee who took a brief break from the sport in 2018. She has featured in three World Cup tournaments for Singapore in 2011, 2015 and 2019. She is Singapore's most-capped netballer, with 128 competitive appearances.

Charmaine retired in 2023, playing and winning her 128th game for Singapore in the 2023 Nations Cup final.

Singapore national netball team
The Singapore national netball team are the national netball team representing Singapore. The Singapore team have competed at the Netball World Cup eleven times (1967, 1975, 1983, 1991, 1995, 1999, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019 and 2023) and hosted the World Cup twice (1983, 2011).

They have won four Asian Netball Championships (2005, 2012, 2014, 2024), three Nations Cup titles (2006, 2007 and 2023) and one Southeast Asian Games gold medal (2015).

In 2005, the team won their first Asian Netball Championship with a win over the Malaysian team, scoring 53–39 in the finals.

In 2015, the team clinched the Southeast Asian Games gold medal edging out rivals Malaysia, 46-43 in the final.

As of 1st September 2025, Singapore are 22nd on the World Netball Rankings. The team was also named 2025 Team of the Year (Team Sport) at the Singapore Sports Awards.
Bush hen
Bush hen is a name used for a number of bird species:

Plain bush-hen (Amaurornis olivacea)

Isabelline bush-hen (Amaurornis isabellina)

Talaud bush-hen (Amaurornis magnirostris)

Weka, (Gallirallus australis) a flightless bird endemic to New Zealand

Isabelline bush-hen
The isabelline bush-hen (Amaurornis isabellina), also known as Sulawesi waterhen or isabelline waterhen, is a large, up to 40 cm long, rufous and brown rail.  The term isabelline refers to the colouration.  It is the largest member of the genus Amaurornis. Both sexes are similar with olive brown plumage, pale green bill, greenish brown legs and rufous below.

An Indonesian endemic, the isabelline waterhen is confined to grasslands near waters and lowlands of Sulawesi. The call is a loud "tak-tak-tak-tak".

Widespread throughout its natural habitat, the isabelline waterhen is evaluated as least concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Sunshine on Leith (musical)
Sunshine on Leith is a stage musical featuring the songs of The Proclaimers and written by Stephen Greenhorn for the Dundee Rep Ensemble and first performed in 2007. The show won the TMA Award for Best Musical that year and has toured several times since.

A film adaptation was completed in 2013, and screened in the Special Presentation section at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival.

The West Yorkshire Playhouse staged a new production in 2018, directed by James Brining.

Leeds Playhouse
Leeds Playhouse is a theatre in the city centre of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It opened in 1990 in the Quarry Hill area of the city as the West Yorkshire Playhouse, successor to the original Leeds Playhouse, and was rebranded in June 2018 to revert to the title "Leeds Playhouse".  It has two auditoria and a studio space, hosts a wide range of productions, and engages in outreach work in the local community.
Columbus City Hall (1872–1921)
Columbus City Hall was the city hall for Columbus, Ohio, located on Capitol Square in the city's downtown. The building served the mayor and city council from its construction in 1872 until its demolition in 1921. The building was the founding site for the United Mine Workers of America in 1890. In 1928, the site became home to the Ohio Theatre, and the current Columbus City Hall opened nearby.

This city hall had three floors, including post office and library space on the first floor, meeting rooms and offices on the second, and a large public hall on the third. The building housed Columbus's first public library, from 1873 until it expanded and moved in 1906.

Columbus City Council
The Columbus City Council is the lawmaking body of Columbus, Ohio. It meets in the City Council Chambers located on the second floor of Columbus City Hall. Following the 2023 election, the City Council expanded from seven to nine members. Council members are elected at-large in a single election but are separated into nine districts.

Members of council are elected to four year terms. Prior to the 2025 election, all members were elected simultaneously. Following the 2023 election, which saw the size of council grow from seven to nine members, council was divided into two groups that would serve staggered terms through a drawing of lots. One group of four members (Lot B) was to serve a two year term, while the other group of five members (Lot A) was to serve a four year term. Following the 2025 election, all councillors going forward would be elected to four year terms.
1916 Saint Louis Billikens football team
The 1916 Saint Louis Billikens football team was an American football team that represented Saint Louis University as an independent during the 1916 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Earl H. Painter, the Billikens compiled a 4–4 record and outscored opponents by a total of 157 to 126. The team played its home games at Robison Field at St. Louis.

1916 college football season
The 1916 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Army and Pittsburgh as national champions. Both Army and Pittsburgh claim a national championship for the 1916 season. Georgetown led the nation in scoring with 464 points.
V. Vale
V. "Valhalla" Vale (born February 4, 1944) is an American editor, writer, interviewer, musician and, as Vale Hamanaka, was keyboardist for the initial configuration of Blue Cheer, before it became famous as a power trio. He is the publisher and primary contributor to books and magazines published by his company, RE/Search Publications. Vale is the host of the television talk show Counter Culture Hour on Public-access television cable TV channel 29 in San Francisco. The show is edited by his partner Marian Wallace. Vale is Japanese American.

Power trio
A power trio is a rock band format having a lineup of electric guitar, bass guitar and drum kit, leaving out a dedicated vocalist or an additional rhythm guitar or keyboard instrument that are often used in other rock music bands that are quartets and quintets. Larger rock bands often use one or more additional rhythm sections to fill out the sound with chords and harmony parts.

Most power trios in hard rock and heavy metal music use the electric guitar player in two roles; during much of the song, they play rhythm guitar, playing the chord progression for the song and performing the song's important riffs, and then switching to a lead guitar role during the guitar solo. While one or more band members typically sing while playing their instruments, power trios in hard rock and heavy metal music generally emphasize instrumental performance and overall sonic impact over vocals and lyrics.
Mount Shisuniwa
Mount Shisuniwa (四寸岩山, Shisuniwa-san) is a 1,235.6 m (4,054 ft) mountain of Ōmine Mountain Range, located on the border of Kurotaki and Kawakami, Nara, Japan. This mountain is on the route of Ōmine Okugakemichi.

Shisuniwa literally means ‘the rock of four “sun” (=12 cm)’. The other names of this mountain are, Mount Yonsun (Yonsuniwa-san) and Mount Moriya (Moriya-dake).

Ōmine Okugakemichi
The Ōmine Okugakemichi (大峯奥駈道, lit. “deep inner path of the grand peaks”) is a pilgrimage route on the Kii Peninsula in the Kansai region of Japan. It begins in Yanagi-no-shuku, a former ferry station on the Yoshino River in Nara prefecture, leads through the 1200-1900 meter Ōmine mountain region of Yoshino and Kumano in Wakayama Prefecture and ends after about 170 kilometers at the Kumano Hongū Taisha.
Louisville White Sox (1914–1915)
The Louisville White Sox were a Negro league baseball team in the Western Independent Clubs in 1914 and 1915, based in Louisville, Kentucky. They played their home games at Spring Bank Park in 1914 and 1915 and at Eclipse Park in 1915.

They were of no connection to the later Louisville White Sox of the Negro National League.

Negro National League (1920–1931)
The first Negro National League (NNL I) was one of the several Negro leagues that were established during the period in the United States when organized baseball was segregated. The league was formed in 1920 with former player Rube Foster as its president.
Statewide government trunked radio systems in Australia
The Government Radio Network (GRN) is a network of various systems in place across Australia that enable statewide trunked radio communication. The network operates through inter-linked sites for government and public services such as police, ambulance, fire, or roads authorities which require such a system to function properly. The main aim of the GRN is to consolidate all resources into one network, ensuring greater coverage and reliability than if each department had its own independent communication system. The existence of the GRN also reduces the amount of government money and resources needed to maintain communication between units of emergency and public service branches. Last, it allows effective intercommunication among these services in times of national or state emergency for coordination of wide-scale actions.

Corrections Victoria
Corrections Victoria is part of the Department of Justice and Community Safety in the Victorian Government, and is responsible for the provision of custodial and community-based services as an important element of the criminal justice system in the state of Victoria, Australia.

The services provided include correctional centre custody of remand and sentenced inmates,  parole, pre-sentence reports and advice to courts and releasing authorities, community service orders and other forms of community-based offender supervision. Offenders in custody and those supervised in the community are assessed for relevant interventions to reduce their risks of re-offending. Corrections Victoria works in partnership with other government and non-government justice and human services agencies in regard to inmates in custody and offenders in the community.
1949 Turkish Football Championship
The 1949 Turkish Football Championship was the 14th edition of the competition. It was held in June. Ankaragücü won their first and only national championship title by winning the Final Group in Ankara.

The champions of the three major regional leagues (Istanbul, Ankara, and İzmir) qualified directly for the Final Group. Eskişehir Demirspor qualified by winning the qualification play-off, which was contested by the winners of the regional qualification groups.

Ankara Football League
The Ankara Football League (Turkish: Ankara Futbol Ligi) was founded as a regional football league for Ankara based clubs in 1922. In the period from 1924 to 1935, the winners of the Ankara League qualified for the former Turkish Football Championship. In 1937 the first national league in Turkish football was introduced. The top two placed teams of the Ankara League qualified for the National Division, which took place after the conclusion of the regional leagues each season. After the introduction of professionalism the name of the league became Ankara Professional Football League in the 1955–56 season.

Following the introduction of the professional nationwide league in 1959, the league lost its first level status. Gençlerbirliği hold the record with ten championship titles.
Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Fight Choreography
The Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Fight Choreography is an annual award presented by Drama Desk in recognition of achievements in fight choreography in theatre across collective Broadway, off-Broadway and off-off-Broadway productions in New York City. Unlike some Drama Desk Awards, this award combines plays and musicals into a single category.

Off-off-Broadway
Off-off-Broadway theaters are smaller New York City theaters than Broadway and off-Broadway theaters, and usually have fewer than 100 seats. The off-off-Broadway movement began in 1958 as part of a response to perceived commercialism of the professional theatre scene and as an experimental or avant-garde movement of drama and theatre. Over time, some off-off-Broadway productions have moved away from the movement's early experimental spirit.
Rozbitek
Rozbitek [rɔzˈbitɛk] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kwilcz, within Międzychód County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

Rozbitek Castle and Park is currently owned by Oscar - Winning composer Jan A.P. Kaczmarek

Międzychód County
Międzychód County (Polish: powiat międzychodzki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Międzychód, which lies 74 kilometres (46 mi) west of the regional capital Poznań. The only other town in the county is Sieraków, lying 16 km (10 mi) east of Międzychód.

The county covers an area of 736.66 square kilometres (284.4 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 36,329, out of which the population of Międzychód is 10,920, that of Sieraków is 5,994, and the rural population is 19,415.
Kinnikinnick, Ohio
Kinnikinnick is an unincorporated community in Ross County, Ohio, United States. Kinnikinnick is located at the junction of Ohio State Route 159 and Ohio State Route 180, 16.6 miles (26.7 km) north-northeast of Chillicothe.

Chillicothe, Ohio
Chillicothe (/ˌtʃɪlɪˈkɒθi/ CHIL-ih-KOTH-ee) is a city in Ross County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. The population was 22,059 at the 2020 census. Located along the Scioto River 45 miles (72 km) south of Columbus, Chillicothe was the first and third capital of Ohio. It is the only city in Ross County and the center of the Chillicothe micropolitan area, which is a part of the Columbus, Ohio Combined Statistical Area. Chillicothe is a designated Tree City USA by the National Arbor Day Foundation.
Penkridge railway station
Penkridge railway station is a railway station serving the village of Penkridge in Staffordshire, England.

It is on the Birmingham loop of the West Coast Main Line. To the north, the line continues towards Stafford; to the south, the line continues towards the city of Wolverhampton.  The station is operated by West Midlands Railway.

Rugby–Birmingham–Stafford line
The Rugby–Birmingham–Stafford line (also known as the Birmingham loop) is a railway line in the West Midlands of England. It is a loop off the West Coast Main Line (WCML) between Rugby and Stafford, via the West Midlands cities of Coventry, Birmingham and Wolverhampton. The direct route between Rugby and Stafford is the Trent Valley line.
Operation Halmazag
Operation Halmazag (Dari for "lightning") was an offensive operation by ISAF German-led troops in close cooperation with the Afghan security forces in the province of Kunduz, from 31 October to 4 November 2010, with the aim of building a permanent outpost near the village of Quatliam in the Char Dara district, south-west of Kunduz. The operation was the first German military ground offensive since World War II.

Char Dara District
Chārdara District (ولسوالی چاردره; also known as Chahar Dara, Chahar Darreh or Char Darreh) is one of the seven districts in Kunduz Province in northern Afghanistan. It is situated in the south-west part of Kunduz Province and has borders with Qalay-I-Zal District to the north-west, Kunduz District to the north-east, Ali Abad District to the south-east, Baghlan Province to the south and Samangan Province to the south-west.
Ndabazinhle Mdhlongwa
Ndabazinhle Mdhlongwa (born May 30, 1973) is a retired Zimbabwean triple jumper. He was the African record holder with 17.34 metres from 1998 to 2007.

As a collegiate athlete for the Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns, he won the 1995 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships in the triple jump.

He won bronze medals at the 1992 World Junior Championships and the 1995 All-Africa Games as well as a silver medal at the 1998 African Championships. Mdhlongwa competed at the Olympic Games in 1992 (both long jump and triple jump) and 1996, the World Championships in 1995 and 1997 as well as the 1997 IAAF World Indoor Championships without reaching the final round.

1992 World Junior Championships in Athletics
The 1992 World Junior Championships in Athletics was the fourth edition of the international athletics competition for athletes aged 19 years or under. It was held in Seoul, South Korea from September 16 to September 20, 1992.
Spencer Ackerman
Spencer Ackerman (born June 1, 1980) is an American journalist and writer. Focusing primarily on national security, he began his career at The New Republic in 2002 before writing for Wired, The Guardian, and The Daily Beast.

He won a 2012 National Magazine Award for reporting on biased FBI training materials and shared in a 2014 Pulitzer Prize for his coverage of the 2013 global surveillance disclosures. His book Reign of Terror: How the 9/11 Era Destabilized America and Produced Trump was named a best nonfiction book of 2021 by The New York Times, The Washington Post and Foreign Policy.

Columbia Scholastic Press Association
The Columbia Scholastic Press Association (CSPA) is a student journalist program of the School of Professional Studies at Columbia University. It was founded in 1925, whose goal is to unite student journalists and faculty advisers at schools and colleges through educational conferences, idea exchanges, textbooks, critiques and award programs.