hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mangerton Tower
Mangerton Tower is a ruined Scottish tower castle house formerly belonging to the Armstrong family.

Mangerton Tower is at Mangerton in Newcastleton or Castleton parish in Roxburghshire, close to the border between England and Scotland, on the banks of the Liddel Water.

Liddel Water
Liddel Water is a river running through southern Scotland and northern England, for much of its course forming the border between the two countries, and was formerly one of the boundaries of the Debatable Lands.

Liddel Water's source is beneath Peel Fell in Roxburghshire, in the Scottish Borders, where it is formed by the confluence of Caddroun Burn, Wormscleuch Burn and Peel Burn (burn is the Scots term for a stream). Soon afterwards, the nascent Liddel Water is fed by Dawston Burn near the village of Saughtree.

The river continues to pick up tributaries (listed below) as it follows its southwesterly course, which takes it through the village of Newcastleton (also known as Copshaw Holm) to that of  Kershopefoot, where the burn begins to mark the Anglo-Scottish border.

Liddel Water then flows into the River Esk at Willow Pool, overlooked by the earthworks of the former castle of Liddel Strength near Carwinley, Cumbria.
Athletics at the 1960 Summer Olympics – Men's hammer throw
The men's hammer throw at the 1960 Summer Olympics took place on September 2 (qualifying) and September 3 (final) at the Stadio Olimpico. The qualifying standards for the 1960 event were 60 m (196 ft 10 in). There were 28 competitors from 18 nations. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The event was won by Vasily Rudenkov of the Soviet Union, the nation's first victory in the event. Gyula Zsivótzky took silver, Hungary's fourth medal in the last four Games in the men's hammer throw. Tadeusz Rut's bronze was Poland's first medal in the event.

Hammer throw
The hammer throw (Abbreviated as HT) is one of the four throwing events in regular outdoor track-and-field competitions, along with the discus throw, shot put and javelin.

The hammer used in this sport is not like any of the tools also called by that name. It consists of a metal ball attached by a steel wire to a grip. These three components are each separate and can move independently. Both the size and weight of the ball vary between men's and women's events. The men's hammer weighs 7.26 kilograms (16 lb) for college and professional meets; the women's hammer weighs 4 kilograms (8.8 lb).
Gone (Dierks Bentley song)
"Gone" is a song recorded by American country music singer Dierks Bentley. It was released on October 22, 2020 as the first of two standalone singles referred to as "Covid holdover songs". The song was written by Nicolle Galyon, Ben Johnson and Niko Moon, and produced by David Garcia.

Nicolle Galyon
Nicolle Anne Galyon (born July 22, 1984) is an American singer, songwriter, producer, record label executive, and publishing executive based in Nashville. She gained national exposure early in her career after a 2012 appearance as a contestant on NBC's The Voice. She co-wrote the song "Automatic" sung by Miranda Lambert which was named the 2015 ACM's 'Song of the Year' and the 2014 CMA's single of the year. In 2019, she was named BMI Country Songwriter of the Year and was the first woman to win the award since Taylor Swift took home the award in 2010. As of 2025, she is credited for writing 10 No. 1 hits. Galyon has written songs for Lady A, Keith Urban, Kenny Chesney, Dan + Shay, Florida Georgia Line, and others.
Neighborhood Force
The Neighborhood Force (Spanish: Fuerza Vecinal; FV) is a centrist and localist Venezuelan political party, founded by a group of mayors and political leaders of the country on June 26, 2021. The party governs throughout eastern Caracas — in the municipalities of Baruta, El Hatillo, Los Salias and Chacao — less in the Sucre Municipality. The party also governs the municipalities of Diego Bautista Urbaneja and Maneiro, in eastern Venezuela.

Chacao Municipality
Chacao is one of the five political and administrative subdivisions of the city of Caracas, Venezuela. The other four are Baruta, El Hatillo, Libertador and Sucre. This legal entity is known as the Caracas Metropolitan District. Chacao is also one of the 21 municipalities that make up the State of Miranda, Venezuela.
Belagama Grama Niladhari Division
Belagama Grama Niladhari Division is a Grama Niladhari Division of the Kolonnawa Divisional Secretariat  of Colombo District  of Western Province, Sri Lanka .  It has Grama Niladhari Division Code 504A.

Kotikawatta  are located within, nearby or associated with Belagama.

Belagama is a surrounded by the Kuda Buthgamuwa, Mulleriyawa North, Mulleriyawa South, Malpura, Kotikawatta West, Kotikawatta East and Kelanimulla  Grama Niladhari Divisions.

Colombo District
Colombo District (Sinhala: කොළඹ දිස්ත්‍රික්කය kol̠am̆ba distrikkaya; Tamil: கொழும்பு மாவட்டம் Koḻumpu Māvaṭṭam) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka, the second level administrative division of the country. The district is administered by a District Secretariat headed by a District Secretary (previously known as a Government Agent) appointed by the central government of Sri Lanka. The capital of the district is the city of Colombo. The district of Colombo was officially recorded in 2016 as having the highest income on average, per household. There are smaller places like Kottawa
IIHF World Ranking
The IIHF World Ranking is a ranking of the performance of the national ice hockey teams of member countries of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). It is based on a formula giving points for each team's placings at IIHF-sanctioned tournaments over the previous four years. The ranking is used to determine seedings and qualification requirements for future IIHF tournaments. The United States' teams are ranked first in both men's and women's play. Russia's men team has more points overall in the men's rankings but is excluded from the list due to its ongoing suspension from IIHF competition.

USA Hockey
USA Hockey is a national ice hockey organization in the United States. It is recognized by the International Olympic Committee and the United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee as the governing body for organized ice hockey in the United States and is a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation. Before June 1991, the organization was known as the Amateur Hockey Association of the United States (AHAUS).

The organization is based in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Its mission is to promote the growth of ice hockey in the U.S. USA Hockey programs support and develop players, coaches, officials, and facilities. USA Hockey also has junior ice hockey and senior ice hockey programs, and supports a disabled ice hockey program. USA Hockey provides certification programs for coaches and officials. Members of the organization receive a subscription to USA Hockey Magazine.
Mihai Damian
Mihai Damian (born 2 February 1990) is a Romanian retired ski jumper who represented Romania from 2004 to 2008. He competed in the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2007, participated three times in the FIS Nordic Junior World Ski Championships, and won three gold medals at the 2007 Romanian National Championships, as well as gold and silver medals in 2008.

In the 2007–08 season, Damian earned points in the FIS Cup four times, with his best result being 24th place in Notodden. He competed 17 times in the winter FIS Ski Jumping Continental Cup and four times in the Summer Continental Cup, but never scored points. His highest Continental Cup finish was 51st in Braunlage during the 2004–05 season. He never participated in the FIS Ski Jumping World Cup.

In 2007, Damian competed in the qualifications for both individual events at the Nordic World Ski Championships but failed to advance to the main competitions, finishing last in both qualifiers.

FIS Nordic Junior World Ski Championships
The FIS Nordic Junior World Ski Championships is an annual nordic skiing event organized by the International Ski Federation (FIS). The Junior World Championships was started in 1977 and was first hosted in Sainte-Croix, Switzerland. The Junior World Championship events include Nordic skiing's three disciplines: cross-country skiing, ski jumping, and nordic combined (the latter being a combination sport consisting of both cross-country and ski jumping).
Anna Gurova
Anna Vasilyevna Gurova (Russian: Анна Васильевна Гурова; born April 29, 1981) is a Russian sprint athlete. She came sixth in the 100 metres at the 2010 European Athletics Championships

She received a two-year ban from the sport from August 2011 to 2013 after she tested positive for Methyltestosterone.

2010 European Athletics Championships
The 2010 European Athletics Championships were the 20th edition of the European Athletics Championships, organised under the supervision of the European Athletic Association. They were held at the Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain from 27 July to 1 August 2010. Barcelona was the first Spanish city to host the European Championships.

Barni was the mascot of the event, he was the main promotional tool of the Championship. His name comes from Barna and was designed by the workshop Dortoka.
Cerro El Baúl
Cerro El Baúl, also known as El Baúl, is a forested lava dome overlooking the valley of Quetzaltenango. It is located about 3 km north of the Almolonga volcano, at the south-eastern edge of the city of Quetzaltenango in Guatemala. And is one of the city's last remaining green areas.

Cerro El Baúl covers an area of 2.40 km2 and was declared a national park in 1955. The park is under serious threat due to illicit extraction of trees and advancing urbanization crossing the park borders.

Quetzaltenango
Quetzaltenango (Spanish pronunciation: [keˌtsal.teˈnaŋ.ɡo], also known by its Maya name Xelajú [ʃelaˈχu] or Xela [ˈʃela]) is a municipality and namesake department in western Guatemala. The city is located in a mountain valley at an elevation of 2,330 meters (7,640 feet) above sea level at its lowest part. Inside the city, it can reach above 2,400 m (7,900 ft).

Quetzaltenango is a part of the Los Altos Metropolitan Area, which also includes the municipalities of Salcajá, Cantel, Almolonga, Zunil, Concepción Chiquirichapa, San Mateo, La Esperanza, San Juan Ostuncalco, Olintepeque, San Miguel Sigüilá, and Cajolá in Quetzaltenango Department, as well as San Cristóbal Totonicapán and San Andrés Xecul in Totonicapán Department.

As of the 2018 census, the city has a population of 180,706 in 122 km2 (47 sq mi). 43% of the population was indigenous in 2014.
Ethmoidal spine
The superior surface of the body of the sphenoid bone (Fig. 145) presents in front a prominent spine, the ethmoidal spine, for articulation with the cribriform plate of the ethmoid; behind this is a smooth surface slightly raised in the middle line, and grooved on either side for the olfactory lobes of the brain.

Olfactory bulb
The olfactory bulb (Latin: bulbus olfactorius) is a neural structure in the forebrain of vertebrates that is involved in olfaction, or the sense of smell. It transmits olfactory information to the other brain regions including the amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and hippocampus where it contributes to emotion, memory and learning.

The bulb is divided into two distinct structures: the main olfactory bulb and the accessory olfactory bulb. The main olfactory bulb connects to the amygdala via the piriform cortex of the primary olfactory cortex and directly projects from the main olfactory bulb to specific amygdala areas. The accessory olfactory bulb resides on the dorsal-posterior region of the main olfactory bulb and forms a parallel pathway.

Destruction of the olfactory bulb results in ipsilateral anosmia, while irritative lesions of the uncus can result in olfactory and gustatory hallucinations.
Canton of Aix-les-Bains-2
The canton of Aix-les-Bains-2 is an administrative division of the Savoie department, southeastern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Aix-les-Bains.

It consists of the following communes:

Aix-les-Bains (partly)

Mouxy

Tresserve

Tresserve
Tresserve (French pronunciation: [tʁesɛʁv]; Savoyard: Trèssarve) is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. It is part of the urban area of Chambéry.
Sylvain Chicoine
Sylvain Chicoine (born July 19, 1970) is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 2011 election. He represented the electoral district of Châteauguay—Saint-Constant as a member of the New Democratic Party until 2015.

Prior to being elected, he worked as a Special Constable at the Université de Montréal and has a diploma in police technology from Collège de Maisonneuve.

Châteauguay—Saint-Constant
Châteauguay—Saint-Constant (French pronunciation: [ʃatoɡɛ sɛ̃ kɔ̃stɑ̃]) was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 to 2015. Its population in 2006 was 107,165.

Châteauguay—Saint-Constant was created in 2003 from Châteauguay riding, with the exception of a portion of Châteauguay that was transferred in Beauharnois—Salaberry and Saint-Jean ridings.
Flag of Somerset
The flag of Somerset is the flag of the English county of Somerset. A campaign had been running between 2006 and 2009 in support of a flag and subsequently the Association of British Counties had taken up the campaign. The Lord Lieutenant of Somerset, Elizabeth, Lady Gass, had shown her support as had David Heath MP and the local TV, radio and newspapers. The flag was adopted following a competition in July 2013. This symbol was mentioned in the book "The Once and Future King" by T. H. White, and is said to have been worn by Arthur during the first joust of Lancelot and Arthur.

Flag
A flag is a piece of fabric (most often rectangular) with distinctive colours and design, often flown from a pole and used for symbolic, signalling, or decorative purposes. The term flag is also used to refer to the graphic design employed on such pieces of fabric. The study of flags is known as "vexillology" from the Latin vexillum, meaning "flag" or "banner".

The first flags were used to aid military coordination on the battlefield, and flags have since evolved into a common tool for basic signalling and identification, especially in environments where communication is challenging (such as maritime environments where semaphore is used). The national flag is a common patriotic symbol of a country, and many national or other flags may be assigned to flag families based on similarities in their designs that demonstrate a shared history, culture, or influence. Flags are also used in messages, advertising, or for other decorative purposes.
Henno Haava
Henno Haava (born 4 February 1973) is an Estonian athletics competitor.

He was born in Tartu. In 1998 he graduated from Berea College in Kentucky and while studying there he competed for the Berea Mountaineers in cross country and track.

He started his sporting exercising in 1985, coached by badminton coach Mart Siliksaar. From 1988 he trained in track and field and was coached by Taivo Mägi. In 1997 he finished 4th in the Detroit Marathon. In 1998 and 1999 he was a repeat champion at the Sunburst Marathon in South Bend, Indiana.  He is multiple-times Estonian champion in different running disciplines. He has been a member of Estonian national athletics team.

Personal best:

1500 m: 3.53,62 (1993)

3000 m: 8.11,0 (1994)

5000 m: 14.17,28 (1994)

10 000 m: 30.24,15 (1996)

half marathon: 1:06.03 (1993)

marathon: 2:18.34 (1999)

Berea Mountaineers
The Berea Mountaineers are composed of 14 teams representing Berea College in intercollegiate athletics, including men and women's basketball, cross country, soccer, tennis, and track and field. Men's sports include baseball and golf. Women's sports include softball and volleyball. The Mountaineers compete in the NCAA Division III and are members of the Collegiate Conference of the South for all sports. Berea will leave the Collegiate Conference of the South in the fall of 2024 to join the Heartland Collegiate Athletic Conference.
Coudersport Area School District
The Coudersport Area School District is a small rural, public school district in Coudersport, Pennsylvania, United States. The district covers the Borough of Coudersport, the southern and western portions of Allegany Township, and all of Eulalia Township, Hebron Township, Homer Township, Summit Township and Sweden Township in Potter County, Pennsylvania. Coudersport Area School District encompasses approximately 214 square miles (550 km2).

The district operates two schools: the Coudersport Area Junior Senior High School (7-12) and Coudersport Elementary School (K-6). High school students may attend Seneca Highlands Career and Technical Center for construction and mechanical trades training. The Seneca Highlands Intermediate Unit IU9 provides the district with several services, including specialized education for disabled students, hearing, speech, and visual disability services, and professional development for staff and faculty.

Summit Township, Potter County, Pennsylvania
Summit Township is a township in Potter County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 134 at the 2020 census. Two of the smallest Pennsylvania state parks, Prouty Place State Park and Patterson State Park are in Summit Township.
Litchfield and Woodcott
Litchfield and Woodcott is a civil parish in the English county of Hampshire.

Forming part of the district of Basingstoke and Deane the main settlements in the parish are Litchfield, Dunley, Upper Woodcott and Lower Woodcott. At the time of the 2011 Census the population of the civil parish was 137.

Basingstoke and Deane
51°15′22″N 1°06′40″W﻿ / ﻿51.256°N 1.111°W﻿ / 51.256; -1.111

Basingstoke and Deane is a local government district with borough status in Hampshire, England. The main town is Basingstoke, where the council is based. The district also includes the towns of Tadley and Whitchurch, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. The modern district was created in 1974, initially being called Basingstoke. It changed its name to "Basingstoke and Deane" in 1978 at the same time that it was made a borough; Deane was added to the name to represent the rural parts of the borough, being the area's smallest village.

Parts of the borough lie within the North Wessex Downs, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The neighbouring districts are Hart, East Hampshire, Winchester, Test Valley, West Berkshire and Wokingham.
Tammann
Tammann is the name of

Gustav Andreas Tammann (1932–2019), cosmologist, grandson of Gustav Heinrich Johann Apollon Tammann
asteroid 18872 Tammann, named after the former

Gustav Heinrich Johann Apollon Tammann, physicist of Göttingen university

Gustav Andreas Tammann
Gustav Andreas Tammann (24 July 1932 – 6 January 2019) was a Swiss astronomer and academic. He served as director of the Astronomical Institute of the University of Basel; as a member of the European Space Agency Space Telescope Advisory Team, and as Member of Council of the European Southern Observatory. His research interests included supernovae and the extragalactic distance scale. Tammann was a former President of the International Astronomical Union Commission on Galaxies.

Tammann is the grandson of chemist Gustav Heinrich Tammann.
ToggleKeys
ToggleKeys (or Toggle Keys) is a feature of Microsoft Windows. It is an accessibility function which is designed for people who have vision impairment or cognitive disabilities. When ToggleKeys is turned on, the computer will provide sound cues when the locking keys (⇪ Caps Lock, Num Lock, or Scroll Lock) are pressed. A high-pitched sound plays when the keys are switched on and a low-pitched sound plays when they are switched off.

Caps Lock
Caps Lock (⇪ Caps Lock) is a button on a computer keyboard that causes all letters of bicameral scripts to be generated in capital letters. It is a toggle key: each press reverses the previous action. Some keyboards also implement a light to give visual feedback about whether it is on or off. Exactly what Caps Lock does depends on the keyboard hardware, the operating system, the device driver, and the keyboard layout. Usually, the effect is limited to letter keys. Letters of non-bicameral scripts (e.g. Arabic, Hebrew, Hindi) and non-letter characters are generated normally.
Oscar Schindler (horse)
Oscar Schindler (4 February 1992 – 13 February 2007) was an Irish Thoroughbred racehorse and stallion best known for being the second horse to win two runnings of the Irish St. Leger. In a racing career which lasted from October 1994 until November 1997 he competed in five different countries and won five of his twenty starts.

After winning his only race as a two-year-old in 1994, he failed to win in the following year but ran prominently in several major races. He reached his peak as a four-year-old in 1996, winning the Ormonde Stakes, Hardwicke Stakes and Irish St. Leger as well a finishing third in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe. In the following year he won a second Irish St. Leger and finished fourth in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe. He remained in training as a six-year-old but had injury problems and was retired from racing.

Oscar Schindler was not a successful breeding stallion but he did sire some winners under National Hunt rules.

Irish St. Leger
The Irish St Leger is a Group 1 flat horse race in Ireland open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run at the Curragh over a distance of 1 mile and 6 furlongs (2,816 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in September.

It is Ireland's equivalent of the St Leger Stakes, a famous race in England (although unlike the English race, it is open to both horses above age three and geldings).
Organizing vision
The organising vision (OV) is a term developed by E. Burton Swanson and Neil Ramiller that defines how a vision is formed, a vision of how to organize structures and processes in regards to an information systems innovation. Images and ideas about an innovation from a wider community are brought together. The vision can often be characterised by buzzwords. While these are often seen as hype, they can be useful in giving a title to an organizing vision.

The vision serves three key functions:

Interpretation: explaining why the innovation exists and is relevant

Legitimisation: giving reasons and supporting stories about why an organization should go for it

Mobilisation: mobilizing the community and the information systems world to get involved – not just organisations, but journals, vendors, consultants, etc.

Discourse
Discourse is a generalization of the notion of a conversation to any form of communication. Discourse is a major topic in social theory, with work spanning fields such as sociology, anthropology, continental philosophy, and discourse analysis. Following work by Michel Foucault, these fields view discourse as a system of thought, knowledge, or communication that constructs our world experience. Since control of discourse amounts to control of how the world is perceived, social theory often studies discourse as a window into power. Within theoretical linguistics, discourse is understood more narrowly as linguistic information exchange and was one of the major motivations for the framework of dynamic semantics. In these expressions, denotations are equated with their ability to update a discourse context.