hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paraphragmitidae
Paraphragmitidae is an extinct family of actively mobile aquatic carnivorous cephalopods belonging to the subclass Orthoceratoidea endemic to what would be Asia and Europe during the Silurian living from 436 to 418.7 mya, existing for approximately 17.3 million years.

In life, these animals may have been similar to the modern squid, except for the long shell. The internal structure of the shell consists of concavo-convex chambers linked by a centrally-placed tube called a siphuncle.

Siphuncle
The siphuncle is a strand of tissue passing longitudinally through the shell of a cephalopod mollusc. Only cephalopods with chambered shells have siphuncles, such as the extinct ammonites and belemnites, and the living nautiluses, cuttlefish, and Spirula. In the case of the cuttlefish, the siphuncle is indistinct and connects all the small chambers of that animal's highly modified shell; in the other cephalopods it is thread-like and passes through small openings in the septa (walls) dividing the camerae (chambers). Some older studies have used the term siphon for the siphuncle, though this naming convention is uncommon in modern studies to prevent confusion with a mollusc organ of the same name.
Georgia literature
The literature of Georgia, United States, includes fiction, poetry, and nonfiction. Representative writers include Erskine Caldwell, Carson McCullers, Margaret Mitchell, Flannery O’Connor, Charles Henry Smith, and Alice Walker.

Margaret Mitchell
Margaret Munnerlyn Mitchell (November 8, 1900 – August 16, 1949) was an American novelist and journalist. Mitchell wrote only one novel that was published during her lifetime, the American Civil War-era novel Gone with the Wind, for which she won the National Book Award for Fiction for Most Distinguished Novel of 1936 and the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1937. Long after her death, a collection of Mitchell's girlhood writings and a novella she wrote as a teenager, titled Lost Laysen, were published. A collection of newspaper articles written by Mitchell for The Atlanta Journal was republished in book form.
South Korean cyber defamation law
Cyber defamation or cyber insult in South Korean law is a crime or civil tort consisting of defamation or insult committed through a telecommunications network such as the Internet.

The crime of cyber defamation (사이버 명예훼손죄) is defined in the Information and Communications Network Act, which establishes a maximum term of imprisonment of three years if the insulting information is true and seven years if it is false. South Korea's criminal penalties for cyber defamation have attracted attention for their severity relative to other countries.

Insult (legal)
Insult is the infringement of another human's honor by whatsoever means of expression, in particular an offensive statement or gesture communicated, and is a crime in some countries. In a few countries seen as the same, in most the distinction between insult and defamation is that, from a focusing point of view, the former ascribes a value whereas the latter attributes or imputes a fact.

Insult is reserved to countries of civil law but a similar behavior in public can be considered public disorder in common law, especially in that of the United Kingdom and former colonies of the British Empire after 1776. The difference is that in civil law there is a personal target and the damaged legal good is their honor but in common law the public is targeted and the damaged legal good is the public order. The unlikeness persists also in public insults of civil law.
Chakravalam Chuvannappol
Chakravalam Chuvannappol (transl. When the horizon turned red) is a 1983 Indian Malayalam-language drama film directed by J. Sasikumar. A remake of the Tamil-language film Keezh Vaanam Sivakkum (1981), the film stars Prem Nazir, Mohanlal, Mammootty, and Sumalatha. The film features music composed by M. K. Arjunan.

J. Sasikumar
Nambiathusseril Varkey John (14 October 1927 – 17 July 2014), better known by his screen name Sasikumar, was an Indian film director who worked in Malayalam cinema. He has directed more than 141 films in his career which began in the mid-1960s. He is often referred to as Hitmaker Sasikumar due to the commercial success of his films. In 2012, he was awarded the J. C. Daniel Award, Kerala government's highest honour for contributions to Malayalam cinema

Sasikumar holds record for directing most films (141) after Telugu film director Dasari Narayana Rao (151), most films having the same actor as hero Prem Nazir in 84 films and the most films directed in a year, 15 films in 1977. He died in 2014 at the age of 86.
Orion Arm
The Orion Arm, also known as the Orion–Cygnus Arm, is a minor spiral arm within the Milky Way Galaxy spanning 3,500 light-years (1,100 parsecs) in width and extending roughly 20,000 light-years (6,100 parsecs) in length. This galactic structure encompasses the Solar System, including Earth. It is sometimes referred to by alternate names such as the Local Arm or Orion Bridge, and it was previously identified as the Local Spur or the Orion Spur. It should not be confused with the outer terminus of the Norma Arm, known as the Cygnus Arm.

Astrophysical maser
An astrophysical maser is a naturally occurring source of stimulated spectral line emission, typically in the microwave portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. This emission may arise in molecular clouds, comets, planetary atmospheres, stellar atmospheres, or  various other conditions in interstellar space.
2008 ATP Challenger Series
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Series is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2008 ATP Challenger Series calendar comprised 176 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $25,000 up to $150,000.

Bruno Echagaray
Bruno Echagaray (born 8 May 1983 in Mexico City) is a former Mexican tennis player.

He was the most well-known Mexican tennis player in 2006. He reached as high as 156 in the world for singles, and 162 for doubles. Most of his wins came on carpet, mostly because of his speed. He played a lot in the Davis Cup for Mexico. Since his retirement he has coached players including Canadian Rebecca Marino.
Hanover-Horton High School
Hanover-Horton High School (formerly Hanover-Horton Central Secondary School) is a public secondary school located in Horton, Michigan, United States. The school serves grades 9 to 12 in the Hanover-Horton School District.

Hanover-Horton School District
Hanover-Horton School District is a public school district in Michigan. In Jackson County, it serves Hanover and parts of the townships of Hanover, Liberty, Pulaski, Spring Arbor, and Summit. In Hillsdale County, it serves parts of Moscow and Somerset townships.
Markos Bathas
Markos Bathas (Greek: Μάρκος Μπαθάς, 1498 –  1578; also known as Marko Batha) was a painter, copper engraver, and writer.  He was a prominent member of the Strelitzas-Bathas family. He may have been related to famous painters Theophanes Bathas and Thomas Bathas.  Markos moved to Venice.  He was the first Greek painter associated with San Giorgio dei Greci.  Greek painter Michael Damaskinos was also in Venice during the 1560s.  He follows the traditional maniera greca.                
He became a prominent member of the Greek community in Venice.  Not much of his works survived.  His icons can be found in Ioannina.  He was an illustrator, he wrote some of the works of Plotinus.  He created the works in an Italian-style text.  He also created works with mythological themes.

Kastritsa
Kastritsa (Greek: Καστρίτσα, before 1927: Μπαρκμάδι - Barkmadi) is a village in the municipal unit of Pamvotida, Ioannina regional unit in Greece. It is situated on a hillside near the southern shore of Lake Ioannina. It is situated 2 km southwest of Vasiliki, 3 km east of Katsikas and 7 km southeast of Ioannina.  The A2 motorway (Alexandroupoli - Thessaloniki - Ioannina - Igoumenitsa) passes south of the village.
Mopria Alliance
The Mopria Alliance is a non-profit organization "formed and supported by leading global technology companies to provide universal standards for print and scan."

The alliance was formed in September 2013 by Canon, Hewlett-Packard (now HP Inc.), Samsung, and Xerox. Other member organizations include Google, Microsoft, and Qualcomm.

The Mopria Alliance and its member companies have published certifications for mobile devices, mobile print accessories, and 9,000+ printer models from 24 brands, representing more than 120 million print devices in use today. More than 5 billion Android devices support Mopria through the Mopria Print Service and the Android Default Print Service, including Amazon Fire tablets running Fire OS 7 or higher. Microsoft has supported Mopria in Windows since Windows 10 version 1809.

HP Inc.
HP Inc. is an American multinational information technology company with its headquarters in Palo Alto, California, that develops personal computers (PCs), printers and related supplies, as well as 3D printing services. It is the world's second-largest personal computer vendor by unit sales after Lenovo and ahead of Dell as of 2024.

HP Inc. was founded in 2015 when the original Hewlett-Packard Company split into two companies. The old company's enterprise product and business services divisions were spun-off into a new publicly traded company, Hewlett Packard Enterprise, while Hewlett-Packard itself was renamed as HP Inc. and retained the personal computer and printer services divisions of its predecessor, serving as the legal successor of the original company that was founded in 1939. HP is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the S&P 500 Index. In the 2023 Fortune 500 list, HP is ranked 63rd-largest United States corporation by total revenue.
Albany and Eastern Railroad
The Albany and Eastern Railroad (reporting mark AERC) is a short line railroad in the Willamette Valley of Oregon that was created when the BNSF Railway spun off its Sweet Home Branch Line in May 1998. It operates about 64 miles (103 km) of track and is based in Lebanon, Oregon. The main line runs from Albany to Lebanon, with two branch lines at Lebanon going to Sweet Home and Mill City. At the Albany end of the main line it connects to Union Pacific and BNSF lines.

Sweet Home, Oregon
Sweet Home is a city in Linn County, Oregon, United States, with a population of 9,828 at the 2020 census. Sweet Home is referred to as the 'Gateway to the Santiam Playground' due to its proximity to nearby lakes, rivers and the Cascade Mountains.
Gay Science
Gay Science: The Ethics of Sexual Orientation Research is a 1997 book by the philosopher Timothy F. Murphy about scientific research on sexual orientation.

The book received both positive reviews and mixed assessments. Reviewers credited Murphy with providing a useful discussion of the ethical implications of sexual orientation research, including the work of scientists such as the neuroscientist Simon LeVay and the geneticist Dean Hamer, and with convincingly criticizing the philosopher John Finnis. However, his style of writing was criticized.

The Quarterly Review of Biology
The Quarterly Review of Biology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of biology. It was established in 1926 by Raymond Pearl. In the 1960s it was purchased by the Stony Brook Foundation when the editor H. Bentley Glass became academic vice president of Stony Brook University. The editor-in-chief is Liliana M. Dávalos (Stony Brook University). It is currently published by the University of Chicago Press.
Shala (Aanaa)
Shala is one of the Aanaas in the Oromia of Ethiopia. It was separated from Seraro woreda. Part of the West Arsi Zone located in the Great Rift Valley, Shala is bordered on the south by Seraro, on the west by the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' Region, on the north by Shala Lake which separates it from Arsi Negele, and on the east by Naannawa Shashamane; its western boundary is defined by the course of the Bilate River. The administrative center of this woreda is Aje.

Districts of Ethiopia
Districts of Ethiopia, also called woredas (Amharic: ወረዳ; Oromo: woreda), are the third level of the administrative divisions of Ethiopia – after zones and the regional states.

These districts are further subdivided into a number of wards called kebele neighbourhood associations, which are the smallest unit of local government in Ethiopia.
Disco polo
Disco polo is a genre of popular dance music, created in Poland in the 1980s. It was initially known as sidewalk music (Polish: muzyka chodnikowa) or backyard music (Polish: muzyka podwórkowa). This genre, a type of Polish urban folk music, had great popularity in the 1990s, peaking in 1995–1997, then gradually declining in popularity through the early 21st century. The genre then had a resurgence in the winter of 2007. The Polish PWN dictionary defines the genre as a Polish variant of disco music, with simple melodies and often ribald lyrics.

ATM Rozrywka
ATM Rozrywka was a Polish television channel owned by ATM Grupa. It was launched on 1 August 2012. This channel was created for the first multiplex of digital terrestrial television in Poland and satelitte Eutelsat Hot Bird 13B. It is owned 100% by Telewizja Polsat.

It was closed on 24 February 2021 because the concession of broadcasting wasn’t extended, although the board aims to restart activities as soon as the license issue is resolved.
USS Hawkbill (SSN-666)
USS Hawkbill (SSN-666), a Sturgeon-class attack submarine, was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named for the hawksbill, a large sea turtle. The name perpetuated the inadvertent misspelling of "hawksbill" in the naming of the first ship of that name, USS Hawkbill (SS-366), a Balao-class submarine launched in 1944. USS Hawkbill (SSN-666) was the eighteenth of 39 Sturgeon-class nuclear-powered submarines that were built.

Hawkbill was sometimes called "The Devil Boat" or the "Devilfish" because of her hull number, 666, with the number of the beast.

Attack submarine
An attack submarine or hunter-killer submarine is a submarine specifically designed for the purpose of attacking and sinking other submarines, surface combatants, and merchant vessels. In the Soviet and Russian navies they were and are called "multi-purpose submarines". They are also used to protect friendly surface combatants and missile submarines. Some attack subs are also armed with cruise missiles, increasing the scope of their potential missions to include land targets.

Attack submarines may be either nuclear-powered or diesel–electric ("conventionally") powered. In the U.S. Navy naming system, and in the equivalent NATO system (STANAG 1166), nuclear-powered attack submarines are known as SSNs and their anti-submarine (ASW) diesel–electric predecessors are SSKs. In the U.S. Navy, SSNs are unofficially called "fast attacks".
Camusso
Camusso is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Francesco Camusso (1908 –1995), Italian professional road racing cyclist

Susanna Camusso (born 1955), Italian trade unionist and former General Secretary of the CGIL

Francesco Camusso
Francesco Camusso (9 March 1908 – 23 June 1995) was an Italian professional road racing cyclist.

Camusso was born in Cumiana, Piedmont, and is ranked among the best Italian climbers ever. In his second year as professional, he won the 1931 Giro d'Italia. In the following year he won a stage at the Tour de France, finished third overall.

His other results include a second place in the 1934 Giro d'Italia and a fourth in the 1935 Tour de France.

He died at Turin in 1995.
Korean Central Presbyterian Church
Korean Central Presbyterian Church (KCPC; Korean: 와싱톤중앙장로교회) is a Christian church located in Centreville, Virginia, situated in the Washington D.C. in the US. Korean Central Presbyterian Church is a member congregation of the Presbyterian Church in America. Korean Central Presbyterian Church has about 5,400 members and about equal number of non-communicants who call the church home; its services average 4,600 attendees per week. As of 2025, the Senior Pastor is Eung-yul David Ryoo.

Centreville, Virginia
Centreville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. It is a suburb of Washington, D.C., the nation's capital. It had a population of 73,518, making it the most-populous community in Fairfax County as of the 2020 U.S. census

Centreville is approximately 20 miles (32 km) west of Washington, D.C.
Iron Tram Bridge, Robertstown
The Iron Tram Bridge, Robertstown is an early example of a "railway" bridge. It crosses the River Cynon between Trecynon and Robertstown, Wales. It carried the Llwydcoed Tramroad (4 feet 2 inches (1.27 m) gauge) which ran from Hirwaun to the canal head at Cwmbach, south east of Aberdare. It was built by the Aberdare Canal & Navigation Company in 1811, and was probably designed by George Overton.

Little remains of the tramroad but its route is now a footpath. The bridge is a scheduled monument and a Grade II listed building.

The bridge was declared unsafe and was completely removed for renovation. As of 2024, the bridge has reopened.

River Cynon
The River Cynon (Welsh: Afon Cynon) in South Wales is a main tributary of the Taff. Its source is the rising of Llygad Cynon (OS grid ref SN 95240 07740) at 219 m (719 ft) above sea level at Penderyn, Rhondda Cynon Taf and flows roughly southeast, into the Taff at Abercynon in the same district. The water emerging at Llygad Cynon has been traced back to the sink of the Nant Cadlan at Ogof Fawr.
Blanefield
Blanefield is a settlement in Scotland contiguous with Strathblane's northwestern fringe. To the west is the volcanic plug Dumgoyne, Glengoyne Distillery and the Trossachs National Park. The West Highland Way—a long-distance trail—passes close to the village.

The Blane Water (Uisge Bhlàthain) has also been referred to as Beul-abhainn (Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [ˈpial̪ˠa.ɪɲ]) meaning "mouth-river" after the numerous burns merging. One of its tributaries, the Ballagan Burn passes over the waterfall the Spout of Ballagan which shows 192 alternate strata of coloured shales and limestone (including pure alabaster). The Blane flows into the Endrick, which, in its turn, flows westward to Loch Lomond.

Glengoyne distillery
Glengoyne distillery is a whisky distillery continuously in operation since its founding in 1833 at Dumgoyne, north of Glasgow, Scotland. Glengoyne is unique in producing Highland single malt whisky matured in the Lowlands. Located upon the Highland Line, the division between the Highlands and Lowlands of Scotland, Glengoyne’s stills are in the Highlands while maturing casks of whisky rest across the road in the Lowlands.
Capcom Fighting Evolution
Capcom Fighting Jam, released in the US as Capcom Fighting Evolution, is a 2004 crossover fighting video game developed and published by Capcom. It was originally released for arcades on the Namco System 246 hardware and ported to the PlayStation 2 and Xbox. The game features characters from three different incarnations of the Street Fighter series, as well as characters from the Darkstalkers series and the CPS III arcade game Red Earth, with each character employing the fighting system from the game which they represent.

CP System III
The CP System III (CPシステムIII, CP shisutemu 3), also known as Capcom Play System 3 or CPS-3 for short, is an arcade system board that was the successor to Capcom's CP System and CP System II arcade hardware. It was first used in 1996 with the arcade game Red Earth. It would be the last proprietary system board Capcom would produce before moving on to the Dreamcast-based Naomi platform. The arcade system saw new releases up until mid 1999. Technical support for the CPS-3 ended on February 28, 2019.

Like its forerunners, games can be exchanged without altering the core hardware. The CP System III uses CDs instead of separate daughterboards to store the games on, which are then loaded onto the system's CD drive to be stored into memory to allow for it to be played. Like its predecessor, games are encrypted, and must be decrypted via game-specific security cartridges, which will decrypt the contents stored within the system memory in run time.
Nicaragua national under-20 football team
The Nicaragua national under-20 football team, more commonly known as La Azulita, is controlled by Nicaraguan Football Federation and represents Nicaragua in international Under 20 or youth football competitions.

Nicaraguan Football Federation
The Nicaraguan Football Federation (FENIFUT; Spanish: Federación Nicaragüense de Fútbol) is the official governing body of association football in Nicaragua.

FENIFUT comprises 19 departmental and 153 municipal federations. It oversees all national men's, women's, futsal and youth championships. It is additionally responsible for appointing the management of the men's, women's, and various youth national football teams.
Khamis al-Obeidi
Khamis al-Obeidi (Arabic: خميس العبيدي; July 7, 1966 – June 21, 2006) was a lawyer defending Saddam Hussein and Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti, from the time the former leader's trial began in Baghdad on October 19, 2005, until his assassination. He was a Sunni Muslim, was married and had three children.

Sadr City
Sadr City (Arabic: مدينة الصدر, romanized: Madīnat aṣ-Ṣadr), formerly known as Al-Thawra (Arabic: الثورة, romanized: aṯ-Ṯawra) and Saddam City (Arabic: مدينة صدام, romanized: Madīnat Ṣaddām), is a suburb district of the city of Baghdad, Iraq. It was built in 1959 by Prime Minister Abdul Karim Qassim and named Al-Rafidain District. After the US-led invasion of Iraq and the toppling of Saddam, it was unofficially renamed Sadr City after Ayatollah Mohammed al-Sadr.

Sadr City – or more accurately Thawra District (Arabic: حيّ الثورة, romanized: Ḥayy ath-Thawra) – is one of nine administrative districts in Baghdad. A public housing project neglected by Saddam Hussein, Sadr City holds around 1 million residents.
Baby the Rain Must Fall (song)
"Baby the Rain Must Fall" is a song written by Elmer Bernstein and Ernie Sheldon and performed by Glenn Yarbrough after he left the Limeliters for a solo career. In early 1965, the track reached No.2 on the adult contemporary chart and No.12 on the Billboard chart. It also reached No.3 in South Africa.

It is the title song of the movie, Baby the Rain Must Fall and is heard during the opening credits.

Yarbrough put it up front on his 1965 album, Baby the Rain Must Fall, which was recorded at RCA Victor's Music Center of the World in Hollywood, California.

The arrangement was by Bread lead singer David Gates. Earl Palmer played drums.

Bread (band)
Bread was an American soft rock band from Los Angeles, California. They had 13 songs chart on the Billboard Hot 100 between 1970 and 1977.

The band was fronted by David Gates (vocals, bass guitar, guitar, keyboards, violin, viola, percussion) with Jimmy Griffin (vocals, guitar, keyboards, percussion) and Robb Royer (bass guitar, guitar, flute, keyboards, percussion, recorder, backing vocals). On their first album session musicians Ron Edgar played drums and Jim Gordon played drums, percussion, and piano. Mike Botts became their permanent drummer when he joined in the summer of 1969, and Larry Knechtel replaced Royer in 1971, playing keyboards, bass guitar, guitar, and harmonica.
Statue of Edward S. Rogers Jr.
A 12-foot bronze sculpture of Edward S. Rogers Jr. is installed outside Toronto's Rogers Centre, between Gates 5 and 6, in Ontario, Canada. Rogers was the founder of Rogers Communications, which purchased the Rogers Centre and Toronto Blue Jays in the early 2000s. The statue was installed in 2013.

In February 2026 it was announced that the statue would be moved to Rogers corporate headquarters, and be replaced by a statue of Joe Carter's 1993 World Series home run. The new statue will be unveiled on 18 July 2026.

Rogers Building (Toronto)
The Rogers Building, located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, is part of the corporate campus of Canadian media conglomerate Rogers Communications, as well as the home of most, but not all, of the company's Toronto operations.

The facade walls of the postmodern building are light pink, with light green roof and light green window frames.