hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Roskamp reaction
In organic chemistry, the Roskamp reaction is a name reaction describing the reaction between α-diazoesters (such as ethyl diazoacetate) and aldehydes to form β-ketoesters, often utilizing various Lewis acids (such as BF3, SnCl2, and GeCl2) as catalysts. The reaction is notable for its mild reaction conditions and selectivity.

Germanium dichloride
Germanium dichloride is a chemical compound of germanium and chlorine with the formula GeCl2. It is a yellow solid.  Germanium dichloride is an example of a compound featuring germanium in the +2 oxidation state.
Hyperostosis
Hyperostosis is an excessive growth of bone. It may lead to exostosis. It occurs in many musculoskeletal disorders and from use of drugs like Isotretinoin.

Disorders featuring hyperostosis include:

Camurati-Engelmann disease, type 2

Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, primary, autosomal recessive, 2

Melorheostosis

Tumoral calcinosis, hyperphosphatemic, familial, 1

Worth disease

Calcinosis
Calcinosis is the formation of calcium deposits in any soft tissue. It is a rare condition that has many different causes. These range from infection and injury to systemic diseases like kidney failure.
Cardinal Mercier Prize
The Cardinal Mercier Prize for International Philosophy is a prize given to recognize the recipients' contribution to international philosophy in the fields of metaphysics and ontology. It is awarded jointly by the Higher Institute of Philosophy at the Université catholique de Louvain and the Institute of Philosophy at KU Leuven. The prize is named after the theologian Cardinal Désiré-Joseph Mercier and has been won by Fulton J. Sheen in 1923, John F. Wippel in 1981, Nicholas Rescher in 2005, William Simpson in 2021, and Fabien Muller in 2023.

Institute of Philosophy, KU Leuven
The Institute of Philosophy (Dutch: Hoger Instituut voor Wijsbegeerte) is the faculty of philosophy at the KU Leuven in the Belgian city of Leuven. It was founded in 1968 when the Institut supérieur de Philosophie - Hoger Instituut voor Wijsbegeerte of the Catholic University of Leuven (1835–1968) was split into a Dutch-speaking entity and a French-speaking entity. Its main buildings are located in the center of Leuven at the Kardinaal Mercier Square, named for the founder of the original institute.
Eddy Maillet
Eddy Allen Maillet (born October 19, 1967) is a Seychellois football referee, born in Victoria. He has been a full international referee for FIFA since 2001.

He was selected as a referee for the 2004 African Cup of Nations in Tunisia, the 2006 African Cup of Nations in Egypt, 2007 AFC Asian Cup, the 2008 African Cup of Nations in Ghana, the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup in South Africa and for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. His first game as referee in the 2010 World Cup was in the Honduras v Chile opening round match on 16 June 2010.

2006 Africa Cup of Nations
The 2006 Africa Cup of Nations was the 25th edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, the association football championship of Africa. It was hosted by Egypt, from 20 January to 10 February. Just like in 2004, the field of sixteen teams was split into four groups of four. Egypt won its fifth championship, beating Ivory Coast in the final 4–2 in a penalty shootout after the regulation time had ended in a goalless draw.
Hsieh Ying-xuan
Hsieh Ying-xuan (Chinese: 謝盈萱; pinyin: Xiè Yíngxuān; born 31 December 1979) is a Taiwanese actress. She won the Best Leading Actress award at the 55th Golden Horse Awards for her role in Dear Ex (2018), and the Best Leading Actress at the 57th Golden Bell Awards by Heaven on the 4th Floor.

57th Golden Bell Awards
The 57th Golden Bell Awards (Chinese: 第57屆金鐘獎; pinyin: Dì 57 jiè jīn zhōng jiǎng) were held on October 21, 2022 and October 22, 2022 at the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall in Taipei, Taiwan. The ceremonies were televised by Sanlih E-Television (cable & digital) and Public Television Service (terrestrial).

For the first time in the awards history, the winners for television awards were announced on two separate ceremonies – television show categories on October 21 and drama series categories on October 22, with the introduction of audience voting where viewers can vote for the Most Popular Drama Series and the Most Popular Variety Show.
National Route 25 (Argentina)
National Route 25 is a 534-kilometer-long paved highway that runs through the center of Chubut Province, Argentina.  It extends from the juncture with National Route 40 in Tecka to the bridge on the Chubut River in the city of Rawson.  The highway crosses the Patagonian Steppe, joining sparsely populated areas.

Chubut Province
Chubut (Spanish: Provincia del Chubut [tʃuˈβut] – from Tehuelche chupat 'transparent'; Welsh: Talaith Chubut [taˈlaɪθ ˈχɨbɨt]) is a province in southern Argentina, situated between the 42nd parallel south (the border with Río Negro Province), the 46th parallel south (bordering Santa Cruz Province), the Andes range to the west (bordering Chile), and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. The province's name derives from the Tehuelche word chupat, meaning 'transparent', their description of the Chubut River.

The largest city is Comodoro Rivadavia in the south of the province; it had 199,369 inhabitants at the 2022 Census. The administrative capital is Rawson (27,157). Other important cities are Puerto Madryn (97,625), Trelew (104,657), Esquel (36,624) and Sarmiento (13,892). Gaiman (6,376) is a cultural and demographic centre of the region known as Y Wladfa in which Welsh-Argentines are concentrated.
Jesse Edward Grinstead
Jesse Edward Grinstead (October 16, 1866 – March 8, 1948) was an American publisher, editor, poet and politician who in later life became a popular writer of Western fiction. Over his writing career Grinstead penned some 30 novels along with scores of short stories and articles that appeared in magazines and newspapers. At least two of his stories, The Scourge of the Little C (as Tumbling River) and Sunset of Power, became Hollywood films. Volumes of Grinstead's works were also published in Britain, Sweden and Spain.

Western fiction
Western fiction is a genre of literature set in the American Old West frontier and typically set from the late eighteenth to the late nineteenth century. Well-known writers of Western fiction include Zane Grey from the early 20th century and Louis L'Amour from the mid-20th century. The genre peaked around the early 1960s, largely due to the popularity of televised Westerns such as Bonanza. Readership began to drop off in the mid- to late 1970s and reached a new low in the 2000s. Most bookstores, outside a few west American states, only carry a small number of Western fiction books.
First Kishida cabinet
The First Kishida Cabinet was the 100th Cabinet of Japan. Formed by Fumio Kishida on October 4, 2021, it had 21 members, including three women. Two ministers, Foreign Minister Toshimitsu Motegi and Defense Minister Nobuo Kishi, retained their posts from the previous cabinet. The government is a coalition between the Liberal Democratic Party and the Komeito who controlled both the upper and lower houses of the National Diet.

After just 37 days it was replaced by the Second Kishida Cabinet following the 2021 election, making it the shortest-serving cabinet in Japanese history.

Nobuo Kishi
Nobuo Kishi (岸 信夫, Kishi Nobuo; born 1 April 1959) is a Japanese politician. He sat in the House of Representatives from 2012 to 2023 representing Yamaguchi’s 2nd District as a member of the Liberal Democratic Party. From September 2020 to August 2022 he served as the Minister of Defense. He is the younger brother of former Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe.
Mark G. Lebwohl
Mark G. Lebwohl is an American dermatologist and author who is Professor and Chairman Emeritus of the Kimberly and Eric J. Waldman Department of Dermatology and the Dean for Clinical Therapeutics at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City.

Lebwohl's books include the book on dermatologic therapy, Treatment of Skin Disease (ISBN 0323036031), as well as Atlas of the Skin and Systemic Disease (ISBN 044306539X). He has authored more than 500 publications, multiple book chapters and has been named as one of New York Magazine’s “Best Doctors” every year since the inception of the annual list. Dr. Brian S. Kim is director of a Center for Neuroinflammation and Sensation named in Mark Lebwohl's honor at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.

Dermatology
Dermatology is the branch of medicine dealing with the skin. It is a specialty with both medical and surgical aspects. A dermatologist is a specialist medical doctor who has undergone advanced training (typically 4 years beyond medical school) and manages diseases related to skin. Dermatological conditions, including inflammatory diseases, infections, cancers, hair loss, and cosmetic issues are common in the population, and sometimes difficult to diagnose or treat, requiring the services of a dermatologist. In addition to these routine issues, some conditions such as serious burns, angiodema, necrotizing fasciitis, and Stevens–Johnson syndrome are life-threatening dermatological emergencies. Dermatological interventions include systemic and topical medications, surgery, radiation, and physical modalities such as cryosurgery or laser therapy.
73rd United States Congress
The 73rd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1933, to January 3, 1935, during the first two years of Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency. Because of the newly ratified 20th Amendment, the duration of this Congress, along with the term of office of those elected to it, was shortened by 60 days. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1930 United States census.

The Democrats greatly increased their majority in the House, and won control of the Senate for the first time since the 65th Congress in 1917. With Franklin D. Roosevelt being sworn in as president on March 4, 1933, this gave the Democrats an overall federal government trifecta, also for the first time since the 65th Congress.

Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt
For the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, the United States presidential administration from 1933 to 1945, see:

Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933–1941), first and second terms

Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt (1941–1945), third and fourth terms
Rowan Milnes
Rowan Milnes (born 1 September 1999) is an English professional rugby league footballer who plays as a stand-off or scrum-half for Bradford Bulls in the Super League.

He has previously played for Hull Kingston Rovers and Castleford Tigers in the Super League, and for Bradford Bulls in the Championship and League 1. He has spent time on loan or dual registration at Wakefield Trinity and Salford Red Devils in the Super League, and at Dewsbury Rams in the Championship.

York Knights
The York Knights are the professional rugby league team of York RLFC, based in York, England. The club play their home games at York Community Stadium and competes in the Super League, the top tier of British rugby league.

The club, which was founded as the York City Knights, is a  phoenix club established after the original York club folded in 2002. The Knights played in blue and white until 2017 when they reverted to the city's traditional home colours of amber and black. The club was renamed as York RLFC in 2022 with the men's team continuing to be known as the Knights and the women's team becoming the Valkyrie.
Josef Magnus Wehner
Josef Magnus Wehner (14 November 1891 in Bernbach – 14 December 1973 in Munich) was a German writer and playwright. Celebrated (locally, in Fulda) as a "great German poet" his reputation is criticized for the militarism displayed in his work and his allegiance to the NSDAP.

Wehner was one of the 88 German authors who signed the Gelöbnis treuester Gefolgschaft, a 1933 "promise of most loyal obedience" to Adolf Hitler. After the war, he wrote a number of feast plays for religious occasions, including celebrations for Rabanus Maurus and Saint Boniface. In a 1988 study of Wehner, Joachim Hohmann concluded that Wehner's past was too easily forgotten and that his reputation as a Catholic Heimatdichter was undeserved and white-washed his national socialist past.

Militarism
Militarism is the belief or the desire of a government or a people that a state should maintain a strong military capability and to use it aggressively to expand national interests and/or values. It may also imply the glorification of the military and of the ideals of a professional military class and the "predominance of the armed forces in the administration or policy of the state" (see also: stratocracy and military junta).
Phoenix (Pedro the Lion album)
Phoenix is the fifth studio album by American indie rock band Pedro the Lion. It was released on January 18, 2019, through Polyvinyl Record Co.

It was the first album released under the name Pedro the Lion since Achilles Heel, which was released in 2004, and serves as the first in an ongoing five installment autobiographical album cycle. Follow up albums about David's growing up years were released in 2022 with Havasu and 2024 with Santa Cruz.

Polyvinyl Record Co.
Polyvinyl Record Co. is an American independent record label headquartered in Champaign, Illinois. The label has satellite offices in New York, Austin, and the Bay Area. Polyvinyl has put out over 400 releases to date.

The Polyvinyl roster consists of 30+ active artists including Alvvays, Xiu Xiu, Jeff Rosenstock, Kero Kero Bonito, and Julia Jacklin as well as longtime label signees like of Montreal, American Football, STRFKR, and Rainer Maria. Recent additions to the Polyvinyl family include Jeff Rosenstock, Laura Jane Grace, Anamanaguchi, IAN SWEET, Oceanator, Chris Farren, Squirrel Flower, and Yumi Zouma.
96th Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 96th Brigade was a formation of  the British Army during the First World War. It was raised as part of the new army also known as Kitchener's Army and assigned to the 32nd Division. The brigade served on the Western Front.

Kitchener's Army
The New Army, often referred to as Kitchener's Army or, disparagingly, as Kitchener's Mob,
was an (initially) all-volunteer portion of the British Army formed in the United Kingdom from 1914 onwards following the outbreak of hostilities in the First World War in late July 1914. It originated on the recommendation of Herbert Kitchener, then the Secretary of State for War to obtain 500,000 volunteers for the Army. Kitchener's original intention was that these men would be formed into units that would be ready to be put into action in mid-1916, but circumstances dictated the use of these troops before then. The first use in a major action of Kitchener's Army units came at the Battle of Loos (September–October 1915).
Yuzhou (ancient China)
Yuzhou or Yu Province was one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China, later to become an administrative division around the reign of Emperor Wu (r. 141 BC - 87 BC) of the Western Han dynasty (206 BC-AD 9).

Bozhou
Bozhou (Chinese: 亳州; pinyin: Bózhōu) is a prefecture-level city in northwestern Anhui province, China. It borders Huaibei to the northeast, Bengbu to the southeast, Huainan to the south, Fuyang to the southwest, and Henan to the north. Its population was 4,996,844 at the 2020 census, of whom 1,537,231 lived in the built-up area made of Qiaocheng urban district, even though the county remains largely rural.
Electoral district of Waterford
Waterford is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Queensland.

The district is based in the central urban suburbs of Logan City. It is named for the suburb of Waterford and also includes the suburbs of  Bethania, Edens Landing, Kingston, Holmview, Loganholme, Loganlea, Meadowbrook, Slacks Creek, Tanah Merah and Waterford West. The electorate was first created for the 1992 election.

Meadowbrook, Queensland
Meadowbrook is a mixed-use suburb in the City of Logan, Queensland, Australia. The Logan Hospital and a TAFE college are located in the suburb. In the 2021 census, Meadowbrook had a population of 3,069 people.
Siege of Kuwabara
The siege of Kuwabara took place the day after the siege of Uehara; Takeda Shingen continued to gain power in Shinano Province by seizing Kuwabara castle from Suwa Yorishige. Suwa was escorted back to the provincial capital of Kōfu under "the pretext of safe conduct, but he was then forced to commit suicide."

Kōfu
Kōfu (甲府市, Kōfu-shi; Japanese: [ko̞ːɸɯᵝ]) is the capital city of Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2019,  the city had an estimated population of 187,985 in 90,924 households, and a population density of 880 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 212.41 square kilometres (82.01 sq mi).
Rowing at the 2011 Pan American Games – Women's double sculls
The women's double sculls rowing event at the 2011 Pan American Games was held from October 15–17 at the Canoe & Rowing Course in Ciudad Guzman. The defending Pan American Games champion is Sarah Trowbridge & Margaret Matia of the United States.

Rowing at the 2007 Pan American Games
Rowing at the 2007 Pan American Games will take place at the Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas, the same venue that hosted the Canoe and Kayak and Water Skiing events. Although the initial intention of the Organizing Committee was to have the whole Olympic Program at the Pan American Games, the Women's Eight was not held due to lack of participants.
Schooner Fare
Schooner Fare is a  Maine-based folk band, consisting of Steve Romanoff (vocals, six and twelve-string guitar, five-string banjo), Gregory "Chuck" Romanoff (vocals, twelve-string guitar, tenor banjo), and formerly Tom Rowe (vocals, bass guitar, tin whistle). Schooner Fare performs primarily original maritime and traditional folk music as well as original songs of social justice such as "We the People." They perform throughout Maine and North America, and their songs are played by radio stations and satellite radio worldwide.

Tin whistle
The tin whistle, also known as the penny whistle, is a simple six-holed woodwind instrument. It is a type of fipple flute, a class of instrument which also includes the recorder and Native American flute. A tin whistle player is called a whistler. The tin whistle is closely associated with Irish traditional music and Celtic music. Other names for the instrument are the flageolet, English flageolet, Scottish penny whistle, tin flageolet, or Irish whistle (also Irish: feadóg stáin or feadóg).
Fuzz Townshend
John Richard Keith "Fuzz" Townshend (born 31 July 1964) is a British drummer, TV presenter of National Geographic Channel's Car SOS (also shown on Channel 4/More4), motoring journalist for Classic Car Weekly, former technical editor of Practical Classics, and mechanic. He is also honorary president of the Triumph Sports Six Club. He also had a solo music career from 1996 to 2002.

Practical Classics
Practical Classics, started in 1980, is a British magazine about classic cars. It focuses on affordable classic cars for the man in the street, as well as more expensive and exotic cars that have now become affordable. It has always had a strong emphasis on DIY and showing the skills and tools needed for restoration, maintenance and repairs. The editorial staff all have old cars that they work to keep running. The magazine features a price guide and buyer's guides to specific models. Bauer Consumer Media, publishers of Practical Classics, claim an ABC audited circulation of 48,033 (July–December 2012).
Sicga
Sicga (died 22 February 793) (also given as Siga and Sigha) was a nobleman in the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria.

Sicga first appears in the historical record as senior lay witness to the proceedings of a council held by Papal Legate, George, Bishop of Ostia in 786, where he is called a patrician (Sigha patricius), a term which may correspond with the Old English term ealdorman.

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records the murder of King Ælfwald by Sigca at Scythlecester (which may be modern Chesters) on 23 September 788:

This year Elwald, king of the Northumbrians, was slain by Siga, on the eleventh day before the calends of October; and a heavenly light was often seen on the spot where he was slain. He was buried in the church of Hexham.

Sicga's death, on 22 February 793, is recorded by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, and Symeon of Durham adds that he died by suicide. In spite of this, and the fact that he was a regicide, Sicga was buried at the monastery of Lindisfarne.

George (bishop of Ostia and Amiens)
George was a Franco-papal diplomat who served as the bishop of Ostia (753–798) in the Papal State and bishop of Amiens (767–798) in Francia. He moved extensively between Italy and Francia, but his best recorded mission is the one he made to England in 786.
Shwe Kokko
Shwe Kokko Myaing (Burmese: ရွှေကုက္ကိုမြိုင်; lit. 'golden raintree forest', Eastern Pwo Karen: ထိက်တုဂ်ဓံင့်), commonly known as Shwe Kokko (Burmese: ရွှေကုက္ကို, Chinese: 水沟谷; pinyin: Shuǐgōugǔ, Jyutping: seoi2 gau1 guk1), is a town in Myawaddy Township, Myawaddy District in the Kayin State of south-east Myanmar. Shwe Kokko lies on the left (western) bank of the Moei River (Thaungyin River), facing Thailand to the east. The town is located 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Myawaddy. In recent years, Shwe Kokko has evolved into an organized crime and human trafficking hub, due to the Burmese government's limited reach and oversight in this remote area. Chinese-led development projects in Shwe Kokko, including Yatai New City, have been involved in illegal gambling, human trafficking, extortion, and cyber scam operations.

Eastern Pwo language
Eastern Pwo or Phlou,(Pwo Eastern Karen: ဖၠုံ, ဖၠုံယှိုဝ်, ဖၠုံဘာႋသာ့ဆ်ုခၠါင်, ဖၠုံဆ်ုခၠါင်, Burmese: အရှေ့ပိုးကရင်) is a Karen language spoken by Eastern Pwo people and over a million people in Myanmar and by about 50,000 in Thailand, where it has been called Southern Pwo. It is not intelligible with other varieties of Pwo, with which it shares 63 to 65% lexical similarity. The Eastern Pwo dialects share 91 to 97% lexical similarity.

A script called Leke was developed between 1830 and 1860 and is used by members of the millenarian Leke sect of Buddhism. Otherwise, a variety of Mon-Burmese alphabets are used, and refugees in Thailand have created a Thai alphabet that is in limited use.
Tallapoosa sculpin
The Tallapoosa sculpin (Cottus tallapoosae) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. It is found in the United States in the Tallapoosa River drainage above the Fall Line in east central Alabama and west-central Georgia.  It reaches a maximum length of 7.7 cm. It prefers rocky shoals and riffles of small upland streams.

Atlantic Seaboard Fall Line
The Atlantic Seaboard Fall Line, or Fall Zone, is a 900-mile (1,400 km) escarpment where the Piedmont and Atlantic coastal plain meet in the eastern United States. Much of the fall line passes through areas where no evidence of faulting is present.
DHC Software
DHC Software Co., Ltd. (DHCC) is a publicly traded company based in Beijing. (SZSE: 002065) The company was a constituents of SZSE 100 Index, SZSE 300 Index and SZSE Component Index (top 100, 300 and 500 companies of Shenzhen Stock Exchange).

The billionaire Xue Xiangdong is the co-founder and chairman of the company.

SZSE 100 Index
SZSE 100 Index are a set of stock indices of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. It consists of the SZSE 100 Price Index (SZSE: 399330) and the SZSE 100 Return Index (SZSE: 399004), using the same constituents but different methodologies.

Despite the fact that it was intended as the blue-chip index of Shenzhen Stock Exchange, comparing to its counterpart the SSE 50 Index, it had a smaller total free-float adjusted market capitalization of the constituents as well as smaller average free-float adjusted market capitalization per constituent. They have difference composition in constituents.