hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of robots
The history of robots has its origins in the ancient world. During the Industrial Revolution, humans developed the structural engineering capability to control electricity so that machines could be powered with small motors. In the early 20th century, the notion of a humanoid machine was developed.

The first uses of modern robots were in factories as industrial robots. These industrial robots were fixed machines capable of manufacturing tasks which allowed production with less human work. Digitally programmed industrial robots with artificial intelligence have been built since the 2000s.

Steam
Steam is water vapor, often mixed with air and/or an aerosol of liquid water droplets. This may occur by evaporation or by boiling, where heat is applied until water reaches the enthalpy of vaporization. Superheated or saturated steam is invisible; however, wet steam, a visible mist or aerosol of water droplets, is often referred to as  "steam".: 6

When liquid water becomes steam, it increases in volume by 1,700 times at standard temperature and pressure; this change in volume can be converted into mechanical work by steam engines such as reciprocating piston-type engines and steam turbines. Piston-type steam engines played a central role in the Industrial Revolution, and steam-based generation today produces 80 percent of the world's electricity. If liquid water comes into contact with a very hot surface or depressurizes quickly below its vapor pressure, it can create a steam explosion.
You Know My Steez
"You Know My Steez" is a song by American hip hop duo Gang Starr, released on November 18, 1997 as the lead single from their fifth studio album Moment of Truth (1998). It samples "Drowning in the Sea of Love" by Joe Simon, "Flash It to the Beat" by Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, "B Side Wins Again" by Public Enemy, "Real Hip-Hop" by Das EFX, "Shadowboxin'" by GZA featuring Method Man and "Usual Suspect" by Big Noyd featuring Prodigy.

Joe Simon (singer)
Joseph Simon (September 7, 1936 – December 13, 2021) was an American soul and R&B musician. He began as a gospel artist singing with the Golden West Singers in the Bay Area in California. A consistent presence on the US charts between 1964 and 1981, Simon charted 51 U.S. Pop and R&B chart hits between 1964 and 1981, including eight times in the US top forty, 38 times in the top 40 of the US R&B chart, with 13 chart hits in Canada. His biggest hits included three number one entries on the US Billboard R&B chart: "The Chokin' Kind" (1969), "Power of Love" (1972), and "Get Down, Get Down (Get on the Floor)" (1975). In 2021, he was one of the 60 nominees for the National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame.
7 O'Clock News/Silent Night
"7 O'Clock News/Silent Night" is a song by American music duo Simon & Garfunkel from their third studio album, Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme (1966). The track is a sound collage juxtaposing a rendition of the Christmas carol "Silent Night" with a simulated "7 O'Clock News" bulletin consisting of actual events from the summer of 1966.

Christmas carol
A Christmas carol is a carol (a song or hymn) on the theme of Christmas, traditionally sung at Christmas itself or during the surrounding Christmas and holiday season. The term noel has sometimes been used, especially for carols of French origin. Christmas carols may be regarded as a subset of the broader category of Christmas music.
Andrewsfield Aerodrome
Andrewsfield Aerodrome (ICAO: EGSL) is an operational general aviation aerodrome located 4 NM (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) west northwest of Braintree, Essex, England, formerly RAF Andrews Field. Andrewsfield also functions as an important reliever airport for Stansted airport.

Andrewsfield has a CAA Ordinary Licence (Number P789) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction as authorised by the licensee (Andrewsfield Air Operations Limited).

Both the grass runways are 18 m (59 ft) wide and at night serve as a single 36 m (118 ft) runway. It has one orange windsock.

Civil Aviation Authority (United Kingdom)
The Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) is the statutory corporation which oversees and regulates all aspects of civil aviation in the United Kingdom. Its areas of responsibility include:

Supervising the issuing of pilots and aircraft engineers licences, testing of equipment, calibrating of navaids, and many other inspections (Civil Aviation Flying Unit).

Managing the regulation of security standards, including vetting of all personnel in the aviation industry (Directorate of Aviation Security).

Overseeing the national protection scheme for customers abroad in the event of a travel company failure (Air Travel Organisers' Licensing – ATOL).

Licensing of spaceflight activities in the UK. This includes: Launch, Range Control, Orbital Operators, and Spaceport licence issuing (Space Industry Act 2018).

The CAA is a public corporation of the Department for Transport, liaising with the government via the Standards Group of the Cabinet Office.
Cholathadam
Cholathadam is a rural area in Kottayam district of the state of Kerala, India. It is part of the village of Poonjar Thekkekara, located 15 km (9.3 mi) from the town Erattupetta. It is flanked by Koottickal on the east and Vengathanam Estate / Chotty on the west.

Cholathadam is situated in Poonjar Mundakkayam Root, 10 km (6.2 mi) from Poonjar and 10 km (6.2 mi) from Mundakkayam. Cholathadam consists of Cholathadam East, Chakkippara and Kaithakulam.

Erattupetta
Erattupetta (Malayalam pronunciation: [i:ra:tupe:ʈa]) is a municipality in the Kottayam district of Kerala, India. It is located 40 km (24.9 mi) east of the district headquarters in Kottayam and about 157 km (97.6 mi) north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram. As per the 2011 Indian census, Erattupetta has a population of 34,814 people, and a population density of 1,906/km2 (4,940/sq mi).
Komering people
The Komering (Indonesian: Orang Komering; Komering: Jolma Kumoring) are an ethnic group that inhabits the land along the Komering River in South Sumatra province.

The Komering tribe are a Lampungnese ethnic group originating from Kepaksian Sekala Brak in Lampung. There are around 530,000 Komering people throughout Indonesia, they are often found along the Komering River which crosses several areas such as; East Ogan Komering Ulu, Ogan Komering Ilir, and South Ogan Komering Ulu regencies in South Sumatra province.

East Ogan Komering Ulu Regency
East Ogan Komering Ulu Regency (Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Timur) is a regency of South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. It was created on 18 December 2003 from what had formerly been the eastern districts of Ogan Komering Ulu Regency. It covers an area of 3,370 km2 and had a population of 609,982 at the 2010 Census and 649,853 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 694,832 (comprising 355,275 males and 339,557 females). The regency seat is the town of Martapura. It borders Ogan Ilir Regency to the north, Ogan Komering Ulu Regency to the west, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency in the east and Lampung Province and South Ogan Komering Ulu Regency in the south.
Marketing Theory
Marketing Theory is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the field of marketing. The editors-in-chief are Andreas Chatzidakis (Royal Holloway University of London), Finola Kerrigan (Birmingham Business School) and Rohit Varman (Birmingham Business School). It was established in 2001 and is published by SAGE Publications.

Birmingham Business School (University of Birmingham)
Birmingham Business School (BBS) is the business school of the University of Birmingham in England. Established in 1989, the school traces its history back to the School of Commerce founded in 1902, leading to it sometimes being identified as the oldest business school in the United Kingdom. Edgar Meyer was announced new dean in June 2023.
Taliha
Taliha is a village in the Upper Subansiri district in Arunachal Pradesh, India.

It is one of the 60 constituencies of the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh.

Taliha is located 32 km north of the district headquarters in Daporijo. A strategic road was constructed by BRO in 2017 in Kurung Kumey district between Huri (which is already connected to Koloriang) and Sarli after heavy construction equipment was heli-airlifted from Ziro.This will enable Koloriang-Huri-Sarli-Taliha-Daporijo connectivity by facilitating the construction of the remaining Sarli-Taliha section. Once Taliha-Daporijo, Taliha-Nacho, Taliha-Tato (headquarters of Shi Yomi district is completed, all of which were under construction in February 2021 while facing land acquisition issues. It will provide the strategic frontier connectivity from Seppa-Tamsang Yangfo-Sarili-Koloriang-Sarili-Nacho (and beyond to Daporijo-Taksing)-Tato (and beyond to Mechuka-Gelling and Aalo).

Shi Yomi district
Shi Yomi district is one of the 23 districts of Arunachal Pradesh state in northeastern India. Shi-Yomi district was created on 9 December 2018 by dividing the West Siang district when northern areas along the China border were made into a newly created Shi-Yomi district and the southern areas remained the part-truncated West Siang district. It has its headquarters at Tato.
Daegu University
Daegu University (Korean: 대구대학교; Hanja: 大邱大學校) is a private university in South Korea.  Its campus is located a short distance outside Daegu, in Gyeongsan City, North Gyeongsang province. The school currently consists of 13 colleges from college of humanities to college of rehabilitation. Enrollment currently tops 20,000, and more than 780 professors are employed.

North Gyeongsang Province
North Gyeongsang Province (Korean: 경상북도; RR: Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korean pronunciation: [kjʌŋ.saŋ.buk̚.t͈o]) is a province in eastern South Korea, and with an area of 18,420 km2 (7,110 sq mi), it is the largest province in the Korean peninsula. The province was formed in 1896 from the northern half of the former Gyeongsang province, and remained a province of Korea (as Keishōhoku-dō during Japanese rule) until the country's division in 1945, then became part of South Korea.

Daegu was the capital of North Gyeongsang Province between 1896 and 1981, but has not been a part of the province since 1981. In 2016, the provincial capital moved from Daegu to Andong.
German Motor Sport Federation
The German Motor Sport Federation (German: Deutscher Motor Sport Bund or DMSB, formerly known as Oberste Nationale Sportbehörde or ONS) is Germany's motor racing governing body. It represents Germany at FIA and FIM.

The DMSB-Staffel, founded in 1972 by Herbert Linge as ONS-Staffel, is considered the first mobile track marshaling crew, equipped with fast cars like Porsche 914 or Porsche 911, carrying fire extinguishers and doctors in order to arrive quickly at a crash site.

Porsche 914
The Porsche 914 or VW-Porsche 914 is a mid-engined sports car designed, manufactured and marketed collaboratively by Volkswagen and Porsche for model years 1969-1976.  Available as a targa-topped two-seat roadster, across a single generation, the 914 was powered by either a flat-4 or flat-six engine.
2012–13 Illinois State Redbirds men's basketball team
The 2012–13 Illinois State Redbirds men's basketball team represented Illinois State University during the 2012–13 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Redbirds, led by first-year head coach Dan Muller, played their home games at Redbird Arena in Normal, Illinois as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference. They finished the season 18–15, 8–10 in conference play, to finish in sixth place. As the number six seed in the MVC tournament, they defeated Northern Iowa in a quarterfinal game before losing to Wichita State in a semifinal game.

2013 Missouri Valley Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2013 Missouri Valley Conference men's basketball tournament, popularly referred to as "Arch Madness", as part of the 2012-13 NCAA Division I men's basketball season was played in St. Louis, Missouri March 7–10, 2013 at the Scottrade Center. The championship game was televised on CBS on Sunday March 10. The tournament's winner received the Missouri Valley Conference's automatic bid to the 2013 NCAA tournament.
CFJC-TV
CFJC-TV (analog channel 4, cable channel 7) is a television station in Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada, affiliated with Citytv. Owned by the Jim Pattison Broadcast Group, the station has studios on Pemberton Terrace and Columbia Street West in Kamloops, and its transmitter is located near Southern Yellowhead Highway/Highway 5, southeast of Kamloops Airport.

British Columbia Highway 5
Highway 5 is a 543-kilometre (337 mi) north–south route in southern British Columbia, Canada. Highway 5 connects the southern Trans-Canada route (Highway 1) with the northern Trans-Canada/Yellowhead route (Highway 16), providing the shortest land connection between Vancouver and Edmonton. Despite the entire route being signed as part of the Yellowhead Highway, the portion of Highway 5 south of Kamloops is also known as the Coquihalla Highway, while the northern portion is known as the Southern Yellowhead Highway. The Coquihalla section was a toll road until 2008.

Although the Yellowhead Highway system is considered part of the Trans-Canada Highway, Highway 5 is not represented with a Trans-Canada marker. Regardless, Highway 5 is designated as a core route of Canada's National Highway System (NHS).
Stigeoclonium
Stigeoclonium is a genus of green algae in the family Chaetophoraceae. It is a common freshwater genus, found growing attached to various substrates; it has a cosmopolitan distribution.

There are currently 53 accepted species within this group. However, recent phylogenetics have identified that this group is polyphyletic and will need reassessment.

The holotype for this genus is S. tenue, described in 1843 by F.T. Kützing. It was first described in 1814 by Carl Agardh under the basionym Draparnaldia tenuis. The name Stigeoclonium has been conserved against the genus Myxonema named by Elias Magnus Fries; Myxonema is a heterogeneous assemblage of various algae.

Elias Magnus Fries
Elias Magnus Fries FRS FRSE FLS  (15 August 1794 – 8 February 1878) was a Swedish mycologist and botanist. He is sometimes called the "Linnaeus of Mycology". In his works he described and assigned botanical names to hundreds of fungus and lichen species, many of which remain authoritative today.
2016 American Ethanol E15 225
The 2016 American Ethanol E15 225 was the 16th stock car race of the 2016 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, the final race of the regular season, and the 8th iteration of the event. The race was held on Friday, September 16, 2016, in Joilet, Illinois, at Chicagoland Speedway, a 1.5-mile (2.4 km) permanent tri-oval shaped racetrack. The race was increased from 150 laps to 151 laps, due to a NASCAR overtime finish. Kyle Busch, driving for his own team, Kyle Busch Motorsports, held off Daniel Hemric and Cameron Hayley in the final 2 laps, and earned his 46th career NASCAR Camping World Truck Series win, along with his second of the season. Busch dominated the majority of the race, leading 95 laps.

The eight drivers to qualify for the inaugural Truck Series playoffs are William Byron, Matt Crafton, John Hunter Nemechek, Christopher Bell, Johnny Sauter, Ben Kennedy, Daniel Hemric, and Timothy Peters.

John Hunter Nemechek
John Hunter Nemechek (born June 11, 1997) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 42 Toyota Camry XSE for Legacy Motor Club and part-time in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, driving the No. 62 Toyota Tundra TRD Pro for Halmar Friesen Racing. He is the son of NASCAR driver Joe Nemechek and was the 2012 champion in the Allison Legacy Series.
Abiaka
Abiaka, also known as Sam Jones, (c. 1781 – c. 1866) was a Seminole-Miccosukee chief, warrior, and shaman who fought against the United States during the Seminole Wars. He was born among the Miccosukee people of Georgia, who would migrate south into Florida and become part of the Seminole tribe. He initially rose to prominence among the Seminoles as a powerful shaman. Abiaka became the principal chief of the Seminoles in 1837 during the Seminole Wars. He was a guerrilla warfare tactician and he led the Seminoles at the Battle of Lake Okeechobee, the largest battle of the conflict. Abiaka successfully resisted the United States and its policy of Indian Removal, and his leadership resulted in the continued presence of the Seminole people in Florida.

Treaty of Payne's Landing
The Treaty of Payne's Landing (Treaty with the Seminole, 1832) was an agreement signed on 9 May 1832 between the government of the United States and several chiefs of the Seminole Indians in the Territory of Florida, before it acquired statehood.
Geoff Wiles
Geoff Wiles (born 18 June 1944) is an English former professional racing cyclist.

He won the national road championship as a professional in 1976 and competed for his country as an amateur. He organised cycling and other races, helped form BMX in Britain and ran a cycle-shop in Kent, England. He now competes for Great Britain in world masters cycling events, and coaches a regional cycle racing team (Abellio SFA Racing Team)

British Cycling
British Cycling (formerly the British Cycling Federation) is the main national governing body for cycle sport in Great Britain. It administers most competitive cycling in Great Britain, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. It represents Britain at the world body, the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) and selects national teams, including the Great Britain (GB) Cycling Team for races in Britain and abroad. As of 2020, it has a total membership of 165,000.

It is based at the National Cycling Centre on the site of the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester.
John Whitmore (surfer)
John Whitmore (30 March 1929 – 24 December 2001) pioneered the sport of surfing in South Africa.

His early career as an abalone and crayfish diver put him close to the ocean. After having read about surfing in Hawaii in the late fifties, John became so enthused by the prospect of surfing that he set off to build his own surfboards. This led to the sport of surfing being introduced in South Africa, at Muizenberg and Sea Point. Affectionately known to Capetonians as "die oom" (the uncle), Whitmore gave daily surf reports from his sea-front home bathroom window. Refer to The Endless Summer II surf film.

Crayfish
Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans belonging to the infraorder Astacidea, which also contains lobsters. Taxonomically, they are members of the superfamilies Astacoidea and Parastacoidea. They breathe through feather-like gills. Some species are found in brooks and streams, where  fresh water is running, while others thrive in swamps, ditches, and paddy fields. Most crayfish cannot tolerate polluted water, although some species, such as Procambarus clarkii, are hardier. Crayfish feed on animals and plants, either living or decomposing, and detritus.

The term "crayfish" is applied to saltwater species in some countries.
Dokumentationszentrum
Dokumentationszentrum can refer to:

Dokumentationszentrum Reichsparteitagsgelände Documentation Center Nazi Party Rally Grounds

Dokumentationszentrum Obersalzberg

Dokumentationszentrum Prora

Dokumentationszentrum Alltagskultur der DDR

Documentation Center Nazi Party Rally Grounds
The Documentation Center Nazi Party Rallying Grounds (German: Dokumentationszentrum Reichsparteitagsgelände) is a museum in Nuremberg. It is in the north wing of the unfinished remains of the Congress Hall of the former Nazi party rallies. From 2001 to 2020, it housed the "Fascination and Terror" exhibition concerning the causes, connections, and consequences of Nazi Germany. The center is currently under renovation and houses an interim exhibition. Attached to the museum is an education forum.
Roly Poly (horse)
Roly Poly (foaled 2 February 2014) is an American-bred, Irish-trained Thoroughbred racehorse. As a two-year-old in 2016 she won three of her eight races including the Grangecon Stud Stakes and the Duchess of Cambridge Stakes as well as finishing second in the Cheveley Park Stakes and the Lowther Stakes. In the following year she proved herself to be a top-class performer over one mile, recording Group 1 victories in the Falmouth Stakes, Prix Rothschild and Sun Chariot Stakes and running second in both the Irish 1,000 Guineas and the Coronation Stakes.

Falmouth Stakes
The Falmouth Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to fillies and mares aged three years or older. It is run on the July Course at Newmarket over a distance of 1 mile (1,609 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in July.
Titan Stadium (UW–Oshkosh)
J. J. Keller Field at Titan Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium at the University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. It was named after John J. Keller, founder of J. J. Keller & Associates, Inc., a safety and compliance solutions company located in Neenah, Wisconsin, with funds from the John J. & Ethel D. Keller fund at the Community Foundation of the Fox Valley Region.

The stadium is home venue to the Wisconsin–Oshkosh Titans football, soccer, and track and field teams.

Oshkosh, Wisconsin
Oshkosh (/ˈɒʃkɒʃ/ ⓘ) is a city in Winnebago County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. It is located on the western shore of Lake Winnebago, adjacent to the much less populous Town of Oshkosh in the north. The population was 66,816 at the 2020 census, making it the ninth-most populous city in Wisconsin. The Oshkosh metropolitan statistical area, consisting solely of Winnebago County, had 171,730 residents. Oshkosh is included in the greater Fox Cities region of Wisconsin.
Thabo Moloisane
Thabo Moloisane (born 24 February 1999) is a South African soccer player who plays as a defender for Stellenbosch in the Premier Soccer League.

He was a youth player for Mamelodi Sundowns, and played for South Africa U20, among others at the 2019 U-20 Africa Cup of Nations, the 2019 FIFA U-20 World Cup and the 2019 African Games.

As a senior player, Moloisane played for Cape Town All Stars in the second tier and was team captain. In 2022 he moved to Maritzburg United, making his first-tier debut, but the team was relegated from the 2022-23 South African Premier Division. Moloisane stayed in the top flight, as he was signed by Stellenbosch in July 2023. His first achievement in Stellenbosch was reaching the final of the Carling Black Label Cup and then winning the final against TS Galaxy.

After the 2024 season concluded, he was selected for the 2024 COSAFA Cup. He made his Bafana Bafana debut against Mozambique.

2019 U-20 Africa Cup of Nations
The 2019 Africa U-20 Cup of Nations was the 15th edition of the Africa U-20 Cup of Nations (22nd edition if tournaments without hosts are included), the biennial international youth football tournament organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) for players aged 20 and below. Niger hosted the tournament, which took place from 2 to 17 February 2019. The tournament involved 8 teams, with Niger making their U-20 Africa Cup of Nations debut.

The top four teams of the tournament qualified for the 2019 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Poland as the CAF representatives. Mali won their first title, while the other qualified teams which finished second to fourth were Senegal, South Africa and Nigeria. Defending champions Zambia failed to qualify.