hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ateleia (ancient Greece)
Ateleia (Attic Greek: ἀτέλεια; privative a + τέλος telos (tax); see also philately) in ancient Greece was a general immunity (ἄδεια adeia) or exemption from some or all the duties which a person has to perform towards the state.

Immunities could be granted either as a privilege to the citizens of a state, exempting them from certain duties which would otherwise be incumbent on them, or they are given as honorary distinctions to foreign kings, states, communities or even private individuals. With regard to the latter the ateleia was usually an exemption from custom duties on the importation or exportation of goods, and was given as a reward for certain good services.

Philately
Philately (/fɪˈlætəli/; fih-LAT-ə-lee) is the study of postage stamps and postal history. It also refers to the collection and appreciation of stamps and other philatelic products. While closely associated with stamp collecting and the study of postage, it is possible to be a philatelist without owning any stamps. For instance, the stamps being studied may be very rare or reside only in museums.
Evgenevka incident
The Evgenevka incident was an armed standoff between the American 27th Infantry Regiment (Wolfhounds) and the Japanese Military in Evgenevka, Siberia during the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War.

Peggy Hull
Peggy Hull (December 30, 1889 – June 19, 1967), was the pen name of Henrietta Eleanor Goodnough Deuell, an American journalist who covered World War I and World War II. She was the first female correspondent accredited by the U. S. War Department.
Waubay Lake
Waubay Lake is a natural lake in Day County, South Dakota, in the United States. The lake is southeast of nearby Grenville and is predominantly a fishery for walleye and yellow perch.

The lake used to be four distinct lakes - North Waubay, South Waubay, Spring Lake, and Hillebrands - however, rising water levels have connected the four lakes in the late 1990s into the single lake that it is today.

The fish species present in the lake include northern pike, walleye, smallmouth bass, yellow perch, black bullhead, white bass, common carp, rock bass, black crappie, and lake herring.

Day County, South Dakota
Day County is a county in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,449. Its county seat is Webster. The county is named for Merritt H. Day, pioneer and 1879 Dakota Territory legislator.
North, West and Central Sutherland (ward)
North, West and Central Sutherland is one of the 21 wards used to elect members of the Highland Council.  It includes the towns and villages of Altnaharra, Ardgay, Bettyhill, Bonar Bridge, Durness, Lairg, Lochinver and Tongue. With Lairg and Bonar being the most populated settlements in the area. It elects three Councillors.

Highland Council
The Highland Council (Comhairle na Gàidhealtachd Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [ˈkʰõ.ərˠʎə nə ˈkɛːəl̪ˠt̪əxk]) is the local authority for Highland, one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. The council is based at the Highland Council Headquarters in Inverness.
The Hydra
The Hydra was a magazine produced by the patients of the Craiglockhart War Hospital, noteworthy for having been edited at one time by Wilfred Owen, and for including poems by Siegfried Sassoon. The magazine was headquartered in Edinburgh. Another editor was Black Watch officer James Bell Salmond, who went on to be editor of The Scots Magazine and was later the Keeper of Muniments at the University of St Andrews.  In 1918 George Henry Bonner became the editor. The magazine ceased publication the same year.

The Hydra is mentioned in Pat Barker's novel Regeneration about the experiences of patients at Craiglockhart War Hospital during World War I.

The name was a reference to the hospital's pre-war role as a centre for hydrotherapy. All issues of the magazine were archived by Oxford University.

Pat Barker
Dame Patricia Mary W. Barker, DBE, FRSL, HonFBA (née Drake; born 8 May 1943) is an English writer and novelist. She has won many awards for her fiction, which centres on themes of memory, trauma, survival and recovery. She is known for her Regeneration Trilogy, published in the 1990s, and, more recently, a series of books set during the Trojan War, starting with The Silence of the Girls in 2018.
Angelo Battelli
Angelo Battelli (28 March 1862 – 11 December 1916) was an Italian scientist, notable for having measured temperatures and heats of fusion of non-metallic substances, metallic conductivities and thermoelectric effects in magnetic metals, and the Thomson effect. He investigated osmotic pressures, surface tensions, and physical properties of carbon disulfide (CS2), water (H2O), and alcohols, especially their vapor pressures, critical points, and densities. He studied X-rays and cathode rays. He investigated the resistance of solenoids to high-frequency alternating currents.

Critical point (thermodynamics)
Subcritical ethane, liquid and gas phase coexist.

Critical point (32.17 °C, 48.72 bar), displaying critical opalescence.

Supercritical ethane, fluid.

In thermodynamics, a critical point (or critical state) is the end point of a phase equilibrium curve. One example is the liquid–vapor critical point, the end point of the pressure–temperature curve that designates conditions under which a liquid and its vapor can coexist. At higher temperatures, the gas comes into a supercritical phase, and so cannot be liquefied by pressure alone. At the critical point, defined by a critical temperature Tc and a critical pressure pc, phase boundaries vanish. Other examples include the liquid–liquid critical points in mixtures, and the ferromagnet–paramagnet transition (Curie temperature) in the absence of an external magnetic field.
Gema Switzerland
Gema Switzerland, based in Gossau SG, is an international supplier of electrostatic powder coating equipment. The products range from manual coating to fully automated powder coating. Since 2012, Gema has been a part of the Graco Group, a worldwide supplier of liquid conveyance systems and components.

Graco Inc.
Graco Inc. is an American industrial company that specializes in the development and manufacturing of fluid-handling systems and products. The company is headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and markets its products to customers worldwide.
Szczawin Kościelny, Masovian Voivodeship
Szczawin Kościelny [ˈʂt͡ʂavin kɔɕˈt͡ɕɛlnɨ] is a village in Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Szczawin Kościelny.

Gostynin County
Gostynin County (Polish: powiat gostyniński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Gostynin, which lies 107 kilometres (66 mi) west of Warsaw.

The county covers an area of 615.56 square kilometres (237.7 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population was 43,099, out of which the population of Gostynin was 18,588, and the rural population was 24,511.
Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series) season 12
This is a list of episodes from the twelfth and final season of Hawaii Five-O. Main cast members for the final season are Jack Lord (as Steve McGarrett), Herman Wedemeyer (as Edward "Duke" Lukela), William Smith (as James "Kimo" Carew), Moe Keale (as Moe "Truck" Kealoha) and Sharon Farrell (as Lori Wilson).

Sharon Farrell
Sharon Farrell (born Sharon Forsmoe, December 24, 1940 – May 15, 2023) was an American actress and dancer. Originally beginning her career as a ballerina with the American Ballet Theatre company, Farrell made her film debut in 1959 in Kiss Her Goodbye, followed by roles in 40 Pounds of Trouble (1962), and the neo-noirs A Lovely Way to Die (1968) and Marlowe (1969). She worked prolifically in television, including recurring parts in the series Saints and Sinners (1962), Dr. Kildare (1965),  and Hawaii Five-O (1980).

Farrell's other roles include Larry Cohen's horror film It's Alive (1974), Dennis Hopper's drama film Out of the Blue (1980), and the teen comedy Can't Buy Me Love (1987). She continued to appear in television and film until 1999. In 2013, she reappeared in a minor role in the web series Broken at Love. Until her death in 2023, she was the last living Hawaii Five-O cast member.
True Memoirs of an International Assassin
True Memoirs of an International Assassin is a 2016 American action comedy film directed by Jeff Wadlow from a screenplay co-written with Jeff Morris. The film stars Kevin James, Kim Coates, Maurice Compte, Zulay Henao, Andrew Howard, Ron Rifkin, Yul Vazquez and Andy García.

Aspiring author Sam Larson gets thrown into the dangerous, politically volatile Venezuela when his online publisher sells his debut fiction novel about a deadly assassin as non-fiction, so he gets kidnapped to aid a military coup. Thrust into his lead character's world, he must take on the role for his own survival.

The film was released on Netflix on November 11, 2016, and had a primarily negative response from critics.

Ron Rifkin
Ron Rifkin (born Saul M. Rifkin; October 31, 1938) is an American actor best known for his roles as Arvin Sloane on the spy drama Alias, Saul Holden on the drama Brothers & Sisters, and District Attorney Ellis Loew in L.A. Confidential. He received the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical for his portrayal of Herr Schultz in the 1998 revival of Cabaret.
Olympia Orchestra
The Olympia Orchestra was an American jazz dance band active in New Orleans from around 1906 into the late 1910s.

The Olympia Orchestra was founded by Freddie Keppard, and typically held between five and seven members. The instrumentation usually consisted of cornet, trombone, clarinet, guitar or banjo, piano, tuba or double bass, and drums. This group established Keppard's reputation as a cornetist; when he left the group in 1914, A.J. Piron became its leader, and he added King Oliver as the group's cornetist.

Under Keppard, the group's personnel included Joseph Petit, Alphonse Picou, Sidney Bechet, Louis Keppard and Ernest Trepagnier; under Piron, they included Zue Robertson, Clarence Williams, Billy Marrero (Lawrence Marrero's father), John Lindsay, and Louis Cottrell Sr.

Cornet
The cornet (/ˈkɔːrnɪt/, US: /kɔːrˈnɛt/) is a brass instrument similar to the trumpet but distinguished from it by its conical bore, more compact shape, and mellower tone quality. The most common cornet is a transposing instrument in B♭. There is also a soprano cornet in E♭ and cornets in A and C. All are unrelated to the Renaissance and early Baroque cornett.
Benazzi
Benazzi is an Italian surname from Emilia or a romanization of the Arabic patronymic Bin ʿAzzī (بن عزي). Notable people with the surname include:

Abdelatif Benazzi (born 1968), French-Moroccan rugby union player

Mario Benazzi (1902–1997), Italian zoologist

Vágner Benazzi (born 1954), Brazilian footballer and manager

Mario Benazzi
Mario Benazzi (Cento, August 29, 1902 – Pisa,  December 6, 1997) was an Italian zoologist, professor at the Istituto di Zoologia e Anatomia Comparata of the University of Pisa. He published work on platyhelminths and evolutionary cytogenetics.

Benazzi is honoured in the polychaete name Diurodrilus benazzii Gerlach, 1952 and in the copepod name Colobomatus benazzii Delamare Deboutteville & Nunes Ruivo, 1958. In 1971, he was elected a national member of the Accademia dei Lincei.
Universal Beings
Universal Beings is a studio album by American drummer, composer, and record producer Makaya McCraven. It was released on October 26, 2018, through International Anthem Recording Company. It received universal acclaim from critics.

Tomeka Reid
Tomeka Reid (born 1977) is an American composer, improviser, cellist, curator, and teacher.

Reid has performed and recorded with the Art Ensemble of Chicago, Nicole Mitchell, Anthony Braxton, the AACM Great Black Music Ensemble, Mike Reed's Loose Assembly, and Roscoe Mitchell. She leads the Tomeka Reid Quartet, with Tomas Fujiwara, Jason Roebke, and Mary Halvorson, and is co-leader of Hear In Now, a trio with Mazz Swift and Silvia Bolognesi.

Reid founded and, as of 2026, still runs the now-annual Chicago Jazz String Summit and was named a 2017 "Chicago Jazz Hero" by the Jazz Journalists Association. In 2019, Reid was appointed Darius Milhaud Distinguished Visiting Professor at Mills College. She is a 2021 United States Artists Fellow and 2022 MacArthur Fellow.
Sociedad Contractual Minera
Sociedad Contractual Minera or SCM designates one of the two types companies allowed to engage in mining in Chile by the Chilean Mining Code, the other being the Sociedad Legal Minera or SLM. Sociedad Contractual Minera are regulated by six articles of the Chilean Mining Code and then more in general by the norms that apply to the Sociedad Legal Minera and by ius commune. Six articles in the Chilean Mining Code refer to the Sociedad Contractual Minera (200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205). At the moment of creation a Sociedad Contractual Minera must have a stated goal to exploit a "mining manifestation" (Spanish: manifestación minera) as its main activity.

The shares of a Sociedad Contractual Minera can be sold as options.

Jus commune
Jus commune or ius commune is Latin for "common law" in certain jurisdictions. It is often used by civil law jurists to refer to those aspects of the civil law system's invariant legal principles, sometimes called "the law of the land" in English law. While the ius commune was a secure point of reference in continental European legal systems, in England it was not a point of reference at all. (Ius commune is distinct from the term "common law" meaning the Anglo-American family of law as opposed to the civil law family.) The phrase "the common law of the civil law systems" means those underlying laws that create a distinct legal system and are common to all its elements.
Ajoritsedere Awosika
Ajoritsedere (Dere) Josephine Awosika (January 15 1953) is a Nigerian businesswoman who is chairperson of Access Bank plc.  Prior to this appointment, she was Permanent Secretary in the Federal Ministries of Internal Affairs, Science & Technology and Power at different periods.

Access Bank plc
Access Bank Plc, commonly known as Access Bank, is a Nigerian multinational commercial bank, owned by Access Bank Group. It is licensed by the Central Bank of Nigeria, the national banking regulator.

Originally a corporate bank, they expanded into personal and business banking in 2012. Access Bank and Diamond Bank merged on 1 April 2019. In conclusion of its merger with Diamond Bank, Access Bank unveiled its new logo, signalling the commencement of a new enlarged banking entity. The bank employs more than 28,000 people in 2021.

After the merger, with more than 52 million customers, Access Bank became the largest bank in Africa by customer base, and the largest bank in Nigeria by assets.
Silver Line (San Diego Trolley)
The Silver Line is a 2.7-mile (4.3 km) heritage streetcar line operated by the San Diego Trolley, an operating division of the San Diego Metropolitan Transit System (MTS). It operates on a "downtown loop", a circle of tracks around downtown San Diego, and is operated using renovated historic vehicles. The line is one of five lines in the trolley system, sharing tracks with other lines; the other four lines are the Blue, Orange, Green, and Copper lines.

Balboa Park (San Diego)
Balboa Park is a 1,200-acre (490 ha) historic urban cultural park in San Diego, California. Placed in reserve in 1835, the park's site is one of the oldest in the United States dedicated to public recreational use. The park hosts various museums, theaters, restaurants, and the San Diego Zoo. It is managed and maintained by the Parks and Recreation Department of the City of San Diego.

Balboa Park hosted the 1915–16 Panama–California Exposition and 1935–36 California Pacific International Exposition, both of which left architectural landmarks. The park and its historic exposition buildings were declared a National Historic Landmark and National Historic Landmark District in 1977, and placed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Don Martineau
Donald Jean Martineau (April 25, 1952 - March 26, 2006) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played 90 games in the National Hockey League with the Atlanta Flames, Minnesota North Stars, and Detroit Red Wings between 1973 and 1977.

Minnesota North Stars
The Minnesota North Stars were a professional ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL) for 26 seasons, from 1967 to 1993. The North Stars played their home games at the Met Center in Bloomington, Minnesota, and the team's colors for most of its history were green, yellow, gold and white. The North Stars played 2,062 regular season games and made the NHL playoffs 17 times, including two Stanley Cup Final appearances, where they were defeated by the New York Islanders in 1981 and the Pittsburgh Penguins in 1991. After the 1992–93 season, the franchise moved to Dallas, and the team was renamed the Dallas Stars.
Seán Ó Ceallaigh (Clare politician)
Seán Ó Ceallaigh (17 April 1896 – 15 June 1994) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician. He was first elected as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for the Clare constituency at a by-election on 22 July 1959, succeeding Éamon de Valera who had been elected President of Ireland. He was re-elected at the 1961 general election and at the 1965 general election. He did not contest the 1969 general election.

Ó Ceallaigh taught in the all-Irish Coláiste Uí Chomhraidhe, Carrigaholt, County Clare. His son, Fiachra Ó Ceallaigh, was an Auxiliary Bishop of Dublin.

Clare (Dáil constituency)
Clare  is a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas. The constituency elects four deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
Blue Veins (TV series)
Blue Veins (Chinese: 殭; Cantonese Yale: Gēung; literally "Vampire") is a 2016 Hong Kong supernatural television drama produced by Joe Chan Wai-Kun for TVB, starring Kevin Cheng, Kay Tse and Grace Chan. Filming took place from April to July 2015 on location in Hong Kong and the Netherlands. It premiered on Hong Kong's TVB Jade and Malaysia's Astro On Demand on April 11, 2016, airing Monday through Sunday during its 9:30-10:30 pm timeslot.

The fictional show is about nine immortal humans who fight against vampires.

Yale romanization of Cantonese
The Yale romanization of Cantonese was developed by Yale scholar Gerard P. Kok for his and Parker Po-fei Huang's textbook Speak Cantonese initially circulated in looseleaf form in 1952 but later published in 1958. Unlike the Yale romanization of Mandarin, it is still widely used in books and dictionaries, especially for foreign learners of Cantonese. It shares some similarities with Hanyu Pinyin in that unvoiced, unaspirated consonants are represented by letters traditionally used in English and most other European languages to represent voiced sounds. For example, [p] is represented as b in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, [pʰ] is represented as p. Students attending the Chinese University of Hong Kong's New-Asia Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center are taught using Yale romanization.

Some enthusiasts employ Yale romanisation to explore writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language.
Memory (Sugarcult song)
"Memory" is a single by the band Sugarcult released in 2004. "Memory" was released to radio on March 16, 2004. The song is featured on their second studio album, Palm Trees and Power Lines. An acoustic version of the song was released on Punk Goes Acoustic.

Guitarist Marko DeSantis described the song as originating from a love triangle between lead singer Tim Pagnotta, bassist Airin Older, and a photographer which caused Pagnotta to become "cynical about love working out." It is seen as the band's signature single.

Punk Goes Acoustic
Punk Goes Acoustic is the third album in the Punk Goes... series and the first installment in the Punk Goes Acoustic series created by Fearless Records. It contains a collection of both previously released and unreleased songs by various artists performing acoustically. It was packaged with a bonus CD showcasing acts on the Fearless and Victory record labels. The album was released on October 21, 2003. It was the first Punk Goes... album to deviate from the theme of performing cover songs, though it was not the first to feature an original song, following The Aquabats' "Why Rock?" on Punk Goes Metal. As of 2019, there are three albums in the franchise.
1864 West Suffolk by-election
The 1864 West Suffolk by-election was held in the United Kingdom on 8 December 1864 when the incumbent Conservative MP, Frederick Hervey became the Marquess of Bristol and so had to resign his seat in the House of Commons.  His brother Lord Augustus Hervey, also a Conservative, was elected unopposed. He was returned again at the next three general elections, and held the seat until his death in 1875.

Western Division of Suffolk
The Western Division of Suffolk was a county constituency in Suffolk, England. It elected two Members of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom by the bloc vote system of election.
Cancer immunology
Cancer immunology (immuno-oncology) is an interdisciplinary branch of biology and a sub-discipline of immunology that is concerned with understanding the role of the immune system in the progression and development of cancer; the most well known application is cancer immunotherapy, which utilises the immune system as a treatment for cancer. Cancer immunosurveillance and immunoediting are based on protection against development of tumors in animal systems and (ii) identification of targets for immune recognition of human cancer.

CD80
The Cluster of differentiation 80 (also CD80 and B7-1) is a B7, type I membrane protein in the immunoglobulin superfamily, with an extracellular immunoglobulin constant-like domain and a variable-like domain required for receptor binding. It is closely related to CD86, another B7 protein (B7-2), and often works in tandem. Both CD80 and CD86 interact with costimulatory receptors CD28, CTLA-4 (CD152) and the p75 neurotrophin receptor.
Hossein Ardabili
Hossein Ardabili (born 1297 Hijri in Ardabil, died 20th of Ramadan 1336 hegria) was an Iranian politician.

He and completed his primary education with professor Mirza Mohammad Ali Mirakhor Oghlu in Ardabil. He went to Mashhad via Ghafghaz and acquainted with its liberals and was one of the gifted students in Mashhad.

There, he founded Khorasan magazine which was first published in 1372 hegria. The magazine became a rallying point of the Mashhad youth including Mohammad Taghi Bahar. The people of Khorasan chose Sayyid Hossein as their deputy of the majlis (parliament) in the second course of election for deputy of the national council majlis.

During his stay in Tehran, he became familiar with liberals and politicians of Iran. Meanwhile, he accepted the editorship of Iran Magazine and became successful in promoting its liberal goals.

Ardabil
Ardabil (Persian: اردبیل, pronunciationⓘ) is a city in northwestern Iran. It is in the Central District of Ardabil County, Ardabil province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district.

The city of Ardabil lies close to the borders of the Republic of Azerbaijan, 40 kilometers from the village of Diqo.

As of the 2022 census, Ardabil's population was 588,000. The population of Ardabil County is about 650,000 with the majority Shia Muslim.

For a brief period in the 10th century, Ardabil was the principal city of Azerbaijan, but it was eventually replaced by Tabriz.

Ardabil is known for its trade in silk and carpets. Ardabil rugs are renowned and the ancient Ardabil carpets are considered among the best of classical Persian carpets. Ardabil is also home to a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Sheikh Safi al-Din Khanegah and Shrine Ensemble, the sanctuary and tomb of Shaikh Safi ad-Din, and the tomb of Ismail I, founder of the Safavid Empire.