hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Metaluminous rock
Metaluminous rocks are igneous rocks that have a molar proportion of aluminium oxide lower than the combination of calcium oxide, sodium oxide and potassium oxide. This contrasts with peraluminous rocks in which the aluminium oxide concentration is higher than the combination, and peralkaline rocks where the alkalis are higher. Most mafic rocks are metaluminous, having neither excess aluminium nor alkalis. In such rocks the alkalis are mostly accommodated in feldspars, and the remaining calcium and minor sodium are found in hornblende and augite.

Calcium oxide
Calcium oxide (formula: CaO), commonly known as quicklime or burnt lime, is a widely used chemical compound. It is a white, caustic, alkaline, crystalline solid at room temperature. The broadly used term lime connotes calcium-containing inorganic compounds, in which carbonates, oxides, and hydroxides of calcium, silicon, magnesium, aluminium, and iron predominate. By contrast, quicklime specifically applies to the single compound calcium oxide. Calcium oxide that survives processing without reacting in building products, such as cement, is called free lime.

Quicklime is relatively inexpensive. Both it and the chemical derivative calcium hydroxide (of which quicklime is the base anhydride) are important commodity chemicals.
Kaveh Farrokh
Kaveh Farrokh (Persian: کاوه فرخ) is a Greek author of several academic books and peer-reviewed publications specializing in Iranian history, and has been a frequent lecturer on Iran-related topics at the University of British Columbia as part of the UBC Continuing Education program. Currently, he is a counselor and learning specialist at Langara College in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Siedlce University
The Siedlce University (Polish: Uniwersytet w Siedlcach) is a higher-education institution in Siedlce, Poland. It was created on October 1, 2010, by the decision of Sejm signed by the President of the Republic of Poland, Bronisław Komorowski. The previous name of the university was 'Akademia Podlaska w Siedlcach', in English known officially as University of Podlasie.
Murdoch Children's Research Institute
The Murdoch Children's Research Institute (MCRI) is an Australian paediatric medical research institute located in Melbourne, Victoria. It is affiliated with the Royal Children's Hospital and the University of Melbourne. The institute has six research themes: stem cell medicine, clinical sciences, genetics, infection and immunity, population health, and data science.

Research institute
A research institute, research centre, or research organization is an establishment founded for doing research. Research institutes may specialize in basic research or may be oriented to applied research. Although the term often implies natural science research, there are also many research institutes in the social science as well, especially for sociological and historical research purposes.
Remy Chauvin
Remy Chauvin (10 October 1913 – 8 December 2009) at Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines, Haut-Rhin, was a biologist and entomologist, and a French Honorary Professor Emeritus at the Sorbonne, PhD, and a senior research fellow since 1946. Chauvin was also known for defending the rights of animals and for being interested in such topics as parapsychology, life after death, psychics, clairvoyance and UFOs. He sometimes wrote under the pseudonym Pierre Duval.

Haut-Rhin
Haut-Rhin (French pronunciation: [oʁɛ̃] ⓘ) is a department in the Grand Est region, France, bordering both Germany and Switzerland. It is named after the river Rhine. Its name means Upper Rhine. Haut-Rhin is the smaller and less populated of the two departments of the former administrative Alsace region, the other being Bas-Rhin (Lower Rhine), especially after the 1871 cession of the southern territory known since 1922 as the Territoire de Belfort, although it is still rather densely populated compared to the rest of metropolitan France. It had a population of 767,083 in 2021.

On 1 January 2021, the départemental collectivities of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin were merged into the European Collectivity of Alsace.
Arthur H. Bird
Arthur Homer Bird (23 July 1856 – 22 December 1923) was an American composer, for many years resident in Germany. Born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, he studied organ and composition in Berlin and spent a year at Weimar with Franz Liszt. He composed a symphonic poem, Eine Karneval-Szene, Op. 5, and a Symphony in A major, Op. 8 (both in 1886); three orchestral suites; some works for wind instruments alone including a Suite in D; some music for the ballet; a comic opera; and some chamber music; he was also commissioned by the Mason and Hamlin company to write a suite of short pieces for the reed organ.

He married Wilhelmine Waldemann in Peterborough, England in 1888.

Bird died while riding on a train in Berlin in 1923.

Symphony
A symphony is an extended musical composition in Western classical music, most often for orchestra. Although the term has had many meanings from its origins in the ancient Greek era, by the late 18th century the word had taken on the meaning common today: a work usually consisting of multiple distinct sections or movements, often four, with the first movement in sonata form. Symphonies are almost always scored for an orchestra consisting of a string section (violin, viola, cello, and double bass), brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments which altogether number about 30 to 100 musicians. Symphonies are notated in a musical score, which contains all the instrument parts. Orchestral musicians play from parts which contain just the notated music for their own instrument. Some symphonies also contain vocal parts (e.g., Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, or Mahler's Second Symphony).
Ross River virus
Ross River virus  (RRV) is a small encapsulated single-strand RNA Alphavirus endemic to Australia, Papua New Guinea and other islands in the South Pacific. It is responsible for a type of mosquito-borne, non-lethal but extremely debilitating tropical disease known as Ross River fever, previously termed "epidemic polyarthritis". The virus is suspected to be enzootic in populations of various native Australian mammals, and has been found on occasion in horses.

Enzootic
Enzootic describes the situation where a disease or pathogen is continuously present in at least one species of non-human animal in a particular region. It is the non-human equivalent of endemic.

In epizoology, an infection is said to be "enzootic" in a population when the infection is maintained in the population without the need for external inputs (cf. endemic).
Indi Walker
Indigo "Indi" Walker is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Home and Away, played by Samara Weaving. She made her first appearance during the episode broadcast on 30 July 2009. Weaving and her on-screen family initially appeared in  2009 for a guest stint, in 2010 they were written back into the serial on a permanent basis. Indi's storylines have often focused on her relationship with Romeo Smith (Luke Mitchell). Weaving announced her departure from Home and Away in July 2013 and Indi departed on 13 November 2013

The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)
The Daily Telegraph, nicknamed The Tele, is an Australian tabloid newspaper published by Nationwide News Pty Limited (NWN), a subsidiary of News Corp Australia, itself a subsidiary of News Corp. It is published Monday through Saturday and is available throughout Sydney, across most of regional and remote New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and South East Queensland.

A 2013 poll conducted by Essential Research found that the Telegraph was Australia's least-trusted major newspaper, with 49% of respondents citing "a lot of" or "some" trust in the paper. Amongst those ranked by Nielsen, the Telegraph's website is the sixth most popular Australian news website with a unique monthly audience of 2,841,381 readers.
James Lester Douglas
James Lester Douglas (29 November 1881 – 30 September 1950) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Head of Hillsborough, Prince Edward Island, the son of Elisha Albert Douglas and Emma Louise Coffin. He became an exporter and farmer by career.

He was educated at Charlottetown Business College. In 1910, Douglas received a Royal Humane Society Medal for life saving. He married Mabel Amanda Wright (1898–1969) on 17 May 1927.

He was first elected to Parliament at the Queen's riding in the 1940 general election and re-elected there in the 1945 and 1949 elections. Douglas died on 30 September 1950 before completing his term in the 21st Canadian Parliament.

21st Canadian Parliament
The 21st Canadian Parliament was in session from September 15, 1949, until June 13, 1953.  The membership was set by the 1949 federal election on June 27, 1949, and it changed only somewhat due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 1953 election.

It was controlled by a Liberal Party majority under Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent and the 17th Canadian Ministry.  The Official Opposition was the Progressive Conservative Party, led by George Drew.

The Speaker was William Ross Macdonald.  See also List of Canadian electoral districts 1947-1952 for a list of the ridings in this parliament.
Freddy Sale
Frederick Link Sale (May 2, 1902 – May 27, 1956) was an American right-handed pitcher who appeared in one game in for the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1924.  He was a native of Chester, South Carolina.

He attended the University of Georgia where he was a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity.  He lettered in baseball as a pitcher from 1922 to 1924.  He pitched a one-hitter against Oglethorpe University in 1922.  In 1923 he tossed a perfect game against the University of Virginia.

On June 30, 1924, Sale came in to pitch the bottom of the 8th inning of a road game that the Pirates lost to the St. Louis Cardinals 7–5. Facing just four batters, he allowed two hits but no runs in his one inning of work. His lifetime ERA stands at 0.00.

Sale died at the age of 54 in Hermosa Beach, California.

Oglethorpe University
Oglethorpe University is a private liberal arts college in Brookhaven, Georgia, United States. It was chartered in 1835 and named in honor of General James Edward Oglethorpe, founder of the Colony of Georgia.
Arghush Farhadan
Arghush Farhadan (Middle Persian: Āghosh Vehādhān) was a legendary king of Gilan, who lived during the time of the Kayanian king of Iran, Kay Khosrow. He was one of the commanders of the latter during the war against the Turanian king Afrasiab, and along with Gostaham, invaded Khwarazm and defeated Afrasiab's brother, Garsivaz, and his son, Sheda.

The rulers of Gilan, including the Ziyarid king Mardavij, claimed to be descended from Arghush.

Khwarazm
42°18′N 59°9′E﻿ / ﻿42.300°N 59.150°E﻿ / 42.300; 59.150

Khwarazm or Chorasmia is a large oasis region on the Amu Darya river delta in western Central Asia, bordered on the north by the (former) Aral Sea, on the east by the Kyzylkum Desert, on the south by the Karakum Desert, and on the west by the Ustyurt Plateau. It was the center of the Iranian Khwarezmian civilization until the 9th century, when Turkic tribes moved into and ruled the lands. A series of kingdoms such as the Afrighid dynasty and the Anushtegin dynasty, whose capitals were (among others) Kath, Gurganj (now Konye-Urgench) and—from the 16th century on—Khiva. Today Khwarazm belongs partly to Uzbekistan and partly to Turkmenistan.
Jiufotang Formation
The Jiufotang Formation (Chinese: 九佛堂组; pinyin: jiǔfótáng zǔ; previoiusly transliterated as Chiufotang Formation) is an Early Cretaceous geological formation in Chaoyang, Liaoning which has yielded fossils of feathered dinosaurs, primitive birds, pterosaurs, and other organisms (see Jehol Biota). It is a member of the Jehol group. The exact age of the Jiufotang has been debated for years, with estimates ranging from the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. New uranium-lead dates reveal the formation is deposited in the Aptian stage of the Early Cretaceous. Fossils of Microraptor and Jeholornis are from the Jiufotang.

Late Jurassic
The Late Jurassic is the third epoch of the Jurassic period, and it spans the geologic time from 161.5 ± 1.0 to 143.1 ± 0.6 million years ago (Ma), which is preserved in Upper Jurassic strata.

In European lithostratigraphy, the name "Malm" indicates rocks of Late Jurassic age. In the past, Malm was also used to indicate the unit of geological time, but this usage is now discouraged to make a clear distinction between lithostratigraphic and geochronologic/chronostratigraphic units.
Bradgate Brickworks
Bradgate Brickworks (grid reference SK413935) is a 0.9 hectare (2.2 acre) geological site of Special Scientific Interest in South Yorkshire. The site was notified in 1988. In November 2001 a report by Rotherham Borough Council noted concern that overgrown vegetation at the site presented a risk to the geological features of the quarry face and proposed the acquisition and management of the site by the Council.

Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council
Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council is the local authority of the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham in South Yorkshire, England. It is a metropolitan borough council and provides the majority of local government services in the borough.

The council has been under Labour majority control since the modern borough was created in 1974. Council meetings are held at Rotherham Town Hall and the council's main offices are at Riverside House.
Yuqiang Subdistrict, Shijiazhuang
Yuqiang Subdistrict (Chinese: 裕强街道) is a township-level division of Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China. As of 2023, it administers the following thirteen residential communities:

Zhuodahuayuan Community (卓达花园社区)

Shenxingxiaoqu Community (神兴小区社区)

Songcun Community (宋村社区)

Weitong Community (位同社区)

Sanjiaotang Community (三教堂社区)

Xintiandi Community (新天地社区)

Yaqing Community (雅清社区)

Guodaquancheng Community (国大全城社区)

Anyuan Community (安苑社区)

Dongfanglüzhou Community (东方绿洲社区)

Zhongmeilüdu Community (众美绿都社区)

Anheyuan Community (安和苑社区)

Guoshishan Community (国仕山社区)

Yuhua, Shijiazhuang
Yuhua District (simplified Chinese: 裕华区; traditional Chinese: 裕華區; pinyin: Yùhuá Qū; lit. 'Wealthy and Prosperous') is one of eight districts of the prefecture-level city of Shijiazhuang, the capital of Hebei Province, North China, located in the southeast of the urban core of Shijiazhuang. It lies towards the southeastern part of the greater urban area. Several major universities of Shijiazhuang, including Hebei Normal University, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang Economy Institute, Hebei Professional Art Institute, Shijiazhuang Foreign Language School, are locating in this area. The government of Shijiazhuang and its major affiliates are also located in this region.

The northern part of Yuhua District is Zhongshan Road, one of the major commercial regions in Shijiazhuang.

The highest building in the city, Shijiazhuang TV Tower, is located in this district.
Incremental funding methodology
The Incremental Funding Methodology (IFM) is an ROI-informed approach to software development in which software is developed and delivered in carefully prioritized chunks of customer valued functionality. These chunks are known as Minimum Marketable Features (MMFs).

IFM integrates traditional software engineering activities with financially informed project management strategies. IFM heuristics provide clarity into important metrics such as project level NPV, ROI, initial start-up investment costs, and time needed for a project to reach self-funding status. It enables developers, customers, and business stakeholders to answer critical questions related to the development and delivery of a product and to optimize strategies accordingly.

In short, IFM equips developers and project managers with techniques and principles for increasing the financial returns of a software project and for identifying development schedules that make a project financially feasible.

Software project management
Software project management is the process of planning and leading software projects. It is a sub-discipline of project management in which software projects are planned, implemented, monitored and controlled.
Fettig
Fettig is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

François Josephe Fettig (1822–1902), French entomologist

Jason Fettig (born 1974), United States military officer

Jeff M. Fettig (born 1957), American businessman

François Josephe Fettig
Abbé François Joseph Fettig (10 July 1824, Mothern near Wissembourg – 5 May 1906, Matzenheim)
was a French entomologist specialising in Lepidoptera and Coleoptera.

His collections are shared between Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (Coleoptera), Museum Colmar (Microlepidoptera and larvae, destroyed or badly damaged) and Zoological Museum, Strasbourg (Macrolepidoptera).
Marcus Whitman Central School District
The Marcus Whitman Central School District is a school district in Rushville, New York, United States, and serves Rushville, Middlesex, and Gorham. The superintendent is Dr. Christopher Brown. The district operates four schools: Marcus Whitman High School, Marcus Whitman Middle School, Gorham Elementary School, and Middlesex Valley Elementary School.

Rushville, New York
Rushville is a village situated in both Ontario and Yates Counties in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2019 American Community Survey, the population was 655. The majority of the Village of Rushville lies within the Town of Potter in Yates County, while a smaller portion extends into the Town of Gorham in Ontario County. It is one of two villages in Ontario County that spans across two townships and the only village in the county divided between two counties.
Frasnian
The Frasnian is one of two faunal stages in the Late Devonian Period. It lasted from 382.31 million years ago to 372.15  million years ago. It was preceded by the Givetian Stage and followed by the Famennian Stage.

Major reef-building was under way during the Frasnian Stage, particularly in western Canada and Australia.  On land, the first forests were taking shape. In North America, the Antler orogeny peaked, which were contemporary with the Bretonic phase of the Variscan orogeny in Europe.

The Frasnian coincides with the second half of the "charcoal gap" in the fossil record, a time when atmospheric oxygen levels were below 13 percent, the minimum necessary to sustain wildfires.

North American subdivisions of the Frasnian include

West Falls Group

Sonyea Group

Genesee Group

Stage (stratigraphy)
In chronostratigraphy, a stage is a succession of rock strata laid down in a single age on the geologic timescale, which usually represents millions of years of deposition.  A given stage of rock and the corresponding age of time will by convention have the same name, and the same boundaries.

Rock series are divided into stages, just as geological epochs are divided into ages. Stages are divided into smaller stratigraphic units called chronozones or substages, and added together into superstages.

The term faunal stage is sometimes used, referring to the fact that the same fauna (animals) are found throughout the layer (by definition).
Igor Dorofeyev
Igor Vitalevich Dorofeyev (Russian: Игорь Витальевич Дорофеев; born August 10, 1968) is a Russian former professional ice hockey forward.

He played the majority of his career for HC Dynamo Moscow, winning 5 championships with the team and the 1991 Tampere Cup. He also played for Krylya Sovetov Moscow and Avangard Omsk, as well as HC Ambri-Piotta of the Swiss Nationalliga A, the Val Pusteral Wolves of Italy's Serie A and Oji Senshi Hockey of the Japan Ice Hockey League.

Japan Ice Hockey League
The Japan Ice Hockey League (JIHL) (日本アイスホッケーリーグ) was an annual ice hockey league that began in 1966 and ended in 2004 when it was replaced by Asia League Ice Hockey. Only Japanese teams competed in the JIHL.

Baseball and football have been the dominant Japanese sports for decades, but ice hockey in Japan started in the 1920s.

Teams have been competing in the All Japan Championships since 1930, making the tournament one of the oldest sporting competitions in the country.

Professional hockey arrived in 1966 with the Japan Ice Hockey League. Originally a five-team league, the JIHL expanded to six teams in 1974 and stayed that way until tough economic times led to budget cutbacks and eventually the demise of the league in 2004.

Organizers decided the sport could only prosper in Asia if teams in Japan, China and South Korea formed a multinational league, and in 2004 the 38-year-old JIHL was abandoned in favor of Asia League Ice Hockey.
Bertram Beresford Osmaston
Bertram Beresford Osmaston CIE (3 January 1868 – 1961) was an officer in the Imperial Forestry Service in India. Known to many as "BB" he was born at Yeldersley Hall, Derbyshire. Born ninth into a family of fifteen, he was educated at Cheltenham and Royal Indian Engineering College at Cooper's Hill. He joined the Forest Service in India in 1888 and served in the United Provinces, Bengal, Andamans, Burma and retired as a Chief Conservator of the Central Provinces. He was a keen naturalist and made notes of his observations during postings in various parts of India, eventually publishing over 50 books. On 15 Sep 1892 he was married to Catherine Mary Hutchinson at Port Blair in the Andamans.

A species of grass (Cymbopogon osmastonii) and several subspecies of birds (Pelargopsis capensis osmastoni, Pericrocotus cinnamomeus osmastoni) are named after him.

Yeldersley Hall, Derbyshire
Yeldersley Hall is a building of historical significance in Ashbourne, Derbyshire, England and is listed on the English Heritage Register. It was built in about 1800 by a wealthy landowner and was the residence of many notable people over the next two centuries. Today it is a venue for special events, particularly weddings.
Ipf (mountain)
The Ipf is a mostly treeless mountain (668 metres (2,192 ft) high), near Bopfingen, Ostalbkreis, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, with a prehistoric hill fort on its top.

The fort is situated on an isolated hill, with a flattened summit surrounded by a stone wall, ditch and large counterscarp (outer bank). The overall diameter is about 180 metres (590 ft). Extensive ramparts traverse the slopes to protect a large enclosed area and entranceway. There is evidence of occupation from the Bronze Age (Urnfield culture) through the Iron Age to the early Celtic La Tene period, a span of almost a thousand years (1200 BC – 300 BC). The summit was already levelled, fortified and densely settled in the Urnfield period. During the early Iron Age Hallstatt period and into the early La Tène period the Ipf was an important 'princely seat' – a regional centre of power and aristocratic residence with long-distance trade connections, including with Greece and Italy.

Butte
In geomorphology, a butte (/bjuːt/ BEWT) is an isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top; buttes are smaller landforms than mesas, plateaus, and tablelands. The word butte comes from the French word butte (French: [byt]), meaning 'knoll' (of any size); its use is prevalent in the Western United States, including the Southwest, where mesa (Spanish for 'table') is used for the larger landform.

Due to their distinctive shapes, buttes are frequently landmarks in plains and mountainous areas. To differentiate the two landforms, geographers use the rule of thumb that a mesa has a top that is wider than its height, while a butte has a top that is narrower than its height.