hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Clemens Baeumker
Clemens Baeumker (16 September 1853 – 7 October 1924) was a German historian of philosophy.

Baeumker was born in Paderborn to a gymnasium teacher. He studied philosophy, theology, and philology in Paderborn and later at the University of Münster, from which he obtained a doctorate in 1877. From 1879 he was a teacher at a secondary school (Gymnasium) in Münster.

Through the efforts of Georg von Hertling he was appointed professor of philosophy at the University of Breslau in 1883, where he remained until 1900. In that year he moved to the University of Bonn, and in 1903 to the University of Strasbourg, where he filled the chair vacated by Wilhelm Windelband. In 1912 he moved to the University of Munich, filling the chair vacated by his friend von Hertling. He died in Munich in 1924.

Baeumker was known in particular for his studies in the history of medieval philosophy.

University of Münster
The University of Münster (German: Universität Münster, until 2023 German: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, WWU) is a public research university located in the city of Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany.

With more than 43,000 students and over 120 fields of study in 15 departments, it is Germany's fifth largest university and one of the foremost centers of German intellectual life. The university offers a wide range of subjects across the sciences, social sciences and the humanities. Several courses are also taught in English, including PhD programmes as well as postgraduate courses in geoinformatics, geospational technologies or information systems.

Professors and former students have won ten Leibniz Prizes, the most prestigious as well as the best-funded prize in Europe, one Fields Medal and two Nobel Prizes. The University of Münster has also been successful in the German government's Excellence Initiative.
Mongolia's Law on Deliberative Polling
Mongolia's Law on Deliberative Polling is a law that codified the deliberative polling process into Mongolian law. It was ratified on February 9, 2017. It requires deliberative polling on potential amendments to the Mongolian Constitution before they are considered by parliament. It is the first ever instance of a country incorporating deliberative polling into its national law.

Erdeniin Bat-Üül and Gombojavyn Zandanshatar led the efforts to codify deliberative polling in Mongolia as co-chairs of the Advisory Committee for Deliberative Polling. The law originated in Ulanbataar's 2015 deliberative polling project and was first implemented in the process that produced Mongolia's constitutional amendments of 2019.

Deliberative opinion poll
A deliberative opinion poll, sometimes called a deliberative poll, is a form of opinion poll taken before and after significant deliberation. Political scientist James S. Fishkin of Stanford University first described the concept in 1988. The typical deliberative opinion poll takes a random, representative sample of citizens and engages them in deliberation on current issues or proposed policy changes through small-group discussions and conversations with competing experts to create more informed and reflective public opinion. Deliberative polls have been run around the world, including recent experiments to conduct discussions virtually in the United States, Hong Kong, Chile, Canada and Japan.
Where I'm From (Jay-Z song)
"Where I'm From" is a song by American rapper Jay-Z from his second studio album, In My Lifetime, Vol. 1 (1997). Written by Jay-Z, Deric "D-Dot" Angelettie, and Ron "Amen-Ra" Lawrence, and produced by Angelettie and Lawrence, "Where I'm From" is a hardcore hip-hop track that serves as a vivid autobiographical portrait of Jay-Z's upbringing in the Marcy Projects of Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn. The song features extensive sampling from Yvonne Fair's 1975 song "Let Your Hair Down" and has itself been widely sampled by other artists.

Hardcore hip-hop
Hardcore hip-hop (also known as hardcore rap) is a subgenre of hip-hop that developed through the East Coast hip-hop scene in the 1980s. Pioneered by such artists as Run-DMC, Schoolly D, Boogie Down Productions and Public Enemy, it is generally characterized by anger, aggression and confrontation.
Walsh Island
Walsh Island or Walshisland (Irish: Inis na mBreatnach) is a village in County Offaly, Ireland. It takes its name from the surrounding hinterland which is a fertile area of land on a hill (104m) located in an area of bogland known as the Bog of Allen, (hence, "island"). The village is one kilometre west of the R400 regional road which runs through the bog below. Walsh Island is 12 km from the nearest town, Portarlington. As of the 2016 census, the village had a population of 443 people.

Bog of Allen
The Bog of Allen (Irish: Móin Alúine) is a large raised bog in the centre of Ireland between the rivers Liffey and Shannon.

The bog's 958 square kilometres (370 square miles) stretch into counties Offaly, Meath, Kildare, Laois, and Westmeath. Peat is mechanically harvested on a large scale by Bórd na Móna, the government-owned peat production industry. The area has kilometres of narrow gauge industrial railways for transporting turf to processing plants and turf powered power plants. In addition, the cutover portions are used as area for grazing. The bog is crossed by the Grand Canal and the Royal Canal.
Killeen Air Force Station
Killeen Air Force Station (ADC ID: TM-192) is a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station. It is located 9.2 miles (14.8 km) west-southwest of Killeen, Texas. It was closed in 1961.

Killeen, Texas
Killeen is a city in the U.S. state of Texas, located in Bell County. According to the 2020 census, its population was 153,095, making it the 19th-most populous city in Texas and the largest of the three principal cities of Bell County. It is the principal city of the Killeen–Temple–Fort Hood Metropolitan Statistical Area. Killeen is 55 miles (89 km) north of Austin, 125 miles (201 km) southwest of Dallas, and 125 miles (201 km) northeast of San Antonio.

Killeen is directly adjacent to the main cantonment of Fort Hood. Its economy depends on the activities of the post, and the soldiers and their families stationed there. It is known as a military "boom town" because of its rapid growth and high influx of soldiers.
Vitalij Lux
Vitalij Lux (Kyrgyz: Виталий Люкс, romanized: Vitaliy Lyuks; German pronunciation: [lʊks]; born 27 February 1989) is a professional footballer who last played as a forward for Landesliga Bayern-Südost club TuS Geretsried and the Kyrgyzstan national team. Lux holds both German and Kyrgyz citizenship, and has represented Kyrgyzstan internationally since 2015.

Landesliga Bayern-Südost
The Landesliga Bayern-Südost (English: State league Bavaria-Southeast) is currently the sixth tier of the German football league system in south eastern Bavaria and the third tier of the Bavarian football league system.

It is one of five Landesligas in Bavaria, the other four being the Landesliga Südwest, Landesliga Mitte, Landesliga Nordost and Landesliga Nordwest. The league champion automatically qualifies for the Bayernliga, the runners-up needs to compete with the runners-up of the other four Landesligas and a number of Bayernliga teams for another promotion spot.

The league replaced the Landesliga Bayern-Süd and the Landesliga Bayern-Mitte at this level, both formed in 1963, with the former disbanded in 2012 while the latter was reduced in area of coverage. The new Landesliga Südost covers eastern Upper Bavaria, formerly part of the Landesliga Süd and southern Lower Bavaria, formerly part of the Landesliga Mitte.
Switched at Birth season 5
Switched at Birth was renewed for a fifth season by Freeform in October 2015. In March 2016, it was confirmed that this ten-episode season would be its last. The fifth season premiered on January 31, 2017.

The one-hour scripted drama revolves around two young women who discover they were switched at birth and grew up in very different environments.  While balancing school, jobs, and their unconventional family, the girls, along with their friends and family, experience Deaf culture, relationships, class differences, racism, audism, and other social issues.

Audism
Audism as described by deaf activists is a form of discrimination directed against deaf people, which may include those diagnosed as deaf from birth, or otherwise. Tom L. Humphries coined the term in an unpublished manuscript in 1975, which he later reiterated in his doctoral project in 1977, but it did not start to catch on until Harlan Lane used it in his writing. Humphries originally applied audism to individual attitudes and practices; whereas Lane broadened the term to include oppression of deaf people.
Mexican Village, Dodge City, Kansas
The Mexican Village, also known originally by residents as La Yarda, was a settlement within Dodge City, Kansas. The village came about with the creation of the Santa Fe Railroad in the early 20th century. It was an assemblage of shacks east of the Santa Fe roundhouse. It was condemned and demolished in 1955.

The Village is featured in the Boot Hill Museum in Dodge City as a permanent exhibit.

Boot Hill Museum
Boot Hill Museum is an American historical museum located in Dodge City, Kansas.

A non-profit entity, the mission of the museum is to preserve the history of the Old West with emphasis on Dodge City. There are over 20,000 artifacts in the complex, including more than 200 original guns. In addition to its historical and educational focus, the museum also provides entertainment for visitors in the form of simulated gunfights and saloon shows.

The Kansas Cowboy Hall of Fame is housed in the museum complex.
Salute (2008 film)
Salute (occasionally known as Salute: The Peter Norman Story) is a 2008 Australian sports documentary film directed, produced and written by Matt Norman. It tells the role of Peter Norman, Norman's uncle, in a defining moment of the American civil rights movement: the 1968 Olympics Black Power salute.

John Carlos
John Wesley Carlos (born June 5, 1945) is an American former track and field athlete and professional football player. He was the bronze-medal winner in the 200 meters at the 1968 Summer Olympics, where he displayed the Black Power salute on the podium with Tommie Smith. He went on to tie the world record in the 100-yard dash and beat the 200 meters world record (although the latter achievement was never certified). After his track career, he enjoyed a brief stint in the Canadian Football League but retired due to injury.

He became involved with the United States Olympic Committee and helped to organize the 1984 Summer Olympics. Following this, he became a track coach at Palm Springs High School. He was inducted into the USA Track & Field Hall of Fame in 2003.

He is the author, with sportswriter Dave Zirin, of The John Carlos Story: The Sports Moment That Changed the World, published in 2011 by Haymarket Books.
Abu Bakar Hamzah
Abu Bakar bin Hamzah is a Malaysian politician who has served as Menteri Besar of Perlis since December 2025. He had served as Member of the Perlis State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Perikatan Nasional (PN) state administration under Menteri Besar Mohd Shukri Ramli since November 2024 and Member of the Perlis State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Kuala Perlis since November 2022. He is a member of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), a component party of the PN coalition. He is State Deputy Chairman I of PN of Perlis, State Chairman of BERSATU of Perlis and Division Chief of BERSATU of Kangar.

Kangar (federal constituency)
Kangar is a federal constituency in Perlis, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 1974.

The federal constituency was created in the 1974 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.
Texas State Highway Spur 557
Spur 557 is a 4.369-mile-long (7.031 km) spur route in the city of Terrell in the U.S. state of Texas.  Spur 557 is a freeway connector between I-20 and US 80.  It is signed as "Spur 557 To I-20" eastbound or "Spur 557 To US 80" westbound.  Spur 557 is the original routing of I-20 prior to I-20 being rerouted to the south.

The route traverses a largely undeveloped area in Kaufman County, Texas between Forney, Texas and Terrell, Texas and serves to distribute eastbound traffic onto Interstate 20 and westbound traffic onto the US 80 freeway leading into the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex.

Spur route
A spur route is a short road forming a branch from a longer, more important road such as a freeway, Interstate Highway, or motorway. A bypass or beltway is not considered a  spur route as it typically reconnects with another or the same major road.
St Mary-at-the-Quay Church, Ipswich
St Mary-at-the-Quay Church is a former Anglican church in Ipswich, Suffolk, England. The medieval building is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust. and since September 2021 it has been used by River Church to implement an approach to evangelicism developed by Holy Trinity Brompton as part of the network of HTB church plants.
The church originally served the thriving industry around the docks area of the town and those that worked there. After closing for regular worship in the 1950s the church was transferred to the CCT in 1973  and underwent a major restoration programme completing in 2016.

Churches Conservation Trust
The Churches Conservation Trust is a registered charity whose purpose is to protect historic churches at risk in England. The charity cares for over 350 churches of architectural, cultural and historic significance, which have been transferred into its care by the Church of England.

The Trust works to prevent any deterioration in the condition of the buildings in its care, and to ensure they are in use as community assets. Local communities are encouraged to use them for activities and events, and the buildings provide an educational resource, allowing children and young people to study history, architecture and other subjects.

Most of the churches saved from closure are Grade I or Grade II* listed. Many are open to visitors as heritage sites, and nearly 2 million people visit the Trust's churches each year. The majority of the churches remain consecrated, though they are not used for regular worship.
Stig Berge
Stig Berge (born 28 March 1942 in Meldal Municipality) is a retired Norwegian orienteer, and Master of Science in engineering.

Stig Berge won two gold at the World Orienteering Championships in 1970, one individually and one for the team relay. He also won silver at the 1972 World Orienteering Championships, and bronze in the relay in 1966. In the 1964 European Championships he won the silver in the relay.

Berge was crowned Norwegian champion 4 times between 1964 and 1971. He competed for Løkken IF and NTHI, the sports team at the Norwegian Institute of Technology, and was a part of the winning team at the national championships in 1963, 1965 and 1973.

In 1970 Berge was elected Norwegian Sportsperson of the Year.

Orienteering
Orienteering is a group of sports in which participants use a map and compass to navigate from point to point in unfamiliar terrain as quickly as possible.

The sport originated from military land-navigation training in the late 19th century. It has since evolved into several competitive forms where participants race against the clock and other competitors while navigating through checkpoints. Variants include automobile, underwater, mountain bike, ski, and trail orienteering. The most common form is foot orienteering, also known as FootO.

In formal foot-orienteering competitions, participants are given a specially prepared orienteering map, usually topographical, which they use to locate control points.

Orienteering is part of the World Games and the World Police and Fire Games.
Forelock
The forelock or foretop is a part of a horse's mane, that grows from the animal's poll and falls forward between the ears and onto the forehead. Some breeds, particularly pony breeds, have a naturally thick forelock, while other breeds, such as many Thoroughbreds, have a thinner forelock. Primitive wild equines such as the Przewalski's horse with a naturally short, upright mane generally have no hair falling forward onto the forehead.  Other equidae such as donkeys and zebras, have no discernible forelock at all.

Horsehair
Horsehair is the long hair growing on the manes and tails of horses. It is used for various purposes, including: upholstery, brushes, the bows of musical instruments, a hard-wearing fabric called haircloth, and for horsehair plaster- a wallcovering material formerly used in the construction industry and now found only in older buildings.

The texture of horse hair varies from across the horse's body; mane hair is generally softer and shorter than rougher and longer tail hair. The texture of horsehair can be influenced by the breed and management of the horse, including natural conditions such as diet or climate. Processing may also affect quality and feel.

Horsehair is a protein fiber that absorbs water slowly, but can be dyed or colored effectively using traditional dyes suitable for protein fibers.  It can be felted, but not easily.
Goraul railway station
Goraul railway station is a halt railway station on the Muzaffarpur–Hajipur section in East Central Railway under Sonpur railway division of Indian Railways. The railway station is situated beside National Highway 22 at Ghoraul Bhagwanpur in Vaishali district of the Indian state of Bihar.

National Highway 22 (India)
National Highway 22 (NH 22) is a National Highway in India. This highway runs from Sonbarsa (Sitamarhi district) in Bihar to Lohardaga (Latehar district) in Jharkhand. Sonbarsa is situated on India/ Nepal border.
West-Siberian Metal Plant
West-Siberian Metal Plant (Russian: Западно-Сибирский металлургический комбинат) is a metal plant in the city of Novokuznetsk in Kemerovo Oblast in southwestern Siberia, founded on 27 July 1964. The West-Siberian Metallurgical Plant is owned and operated by Evraz. The company's name is abbreviated to ZSMK (Russian:ЗСМК). It is one of the largest smelters in the Siberian region and the fifth-largest metallurgical plant in Russia. ZSMK's products are sold in over 30 countries.

In 2016, over 5.4 million tons of pig iron and over 6.9 million tons of steel were produced by the Metallurgical Plant.

Kemerovo Oblast
Kemerovo Oblast (Russian: Ке́меровская о́бласть, romanized: Kemerovskaya oblastʹ, Russian pronunciation: [ˈkʲemʲɪrəfskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]), also known as Kuzbass (Russian: Кузба́сс, Russian pronunciation: [kʊzˈbas]), after the Kuznetsk Basin, is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Kemerovo is the administrative center and largest city of the oblast. Kemerovo Oblast is one of Russia's most urbanized regions, with over 70% of the population living in its nine principal cities. Its ethnic composition is predominantly Russian, but native Shors and Kalmak Siberian Tatars also live in the oblast, along with Ukrainians, Volga Tatars, and Chuvash. The population recorded during the 2021 Census was 2,600,923.
Maya Taguchi
Maya Taguchi (田口 真彩, Taguchi Maya; born 9 October 2005) is a Japanese badminton player. A left-handed player, she is the 2023 BWF World Junior Champion in the girls' doubles event. In her senior career, Taguchi won her first BWF World Tour title at the 2025 Malaysia Super 100 in the mixed doubles. She graduated from Yanai Commercial & Technical High School and joined the ACT SAIKYO badminton team on 1 April 2024.

2023 BWF World Junior Championships – girls' doubles
The girls' doubles of the tournament 2023 BWF World Junior Championships was an individual badminton tournament to crowned the best girls' doubles under 19 player across the BWF associate members around the world. Players will compete to win the "Eye Level Cup" presented by the former BWF President and chairman of the World Youth Culture Foundation, Kang Young Joong. The tournament was held from 2 to 8 October 2023 in the Podium, Spokane, United States. The winner of the last edition were Liu Shengshu and Wang Tingge of China.
Ringamålako
The Ringamålako is an endangered Swedish breed of dairy cattle. It is named for the village of Ringamåla in the southern Swedish county of Blekinge, and is found primarily in southern Sweden. It is similar to the type of Swedish Red-and-White cattle of the 1940s, and is considered a valuable genetic resource.

Dairy cattle
Dairy cattle (also called dairy cows) are cattle bred with the ability to produce large quantities of milk, from which dairy products are made.  Dairy cattle generally are of the species Bos taurus.

Historically, little distinction was made between dairy cattle and beef cattle, with the same stock often being used for both meat and milk production.  Today, the bovine industry is more specialized and most dairy cattle have been bred to produce large volumes of milk.
Shuhei Naruse
Shuhei Naruse (Japanese: 鳴瀬 シュウヘイ, Hepburn: Naruse Shūhei) is a Japanese musician, composer, and music arranger from Kyoto Prefecture. Naruse attended Ritsumeikan University. His major debut as a musician was in the rock band DEVELOP=FRAME where he played keyboards. He has since worked on the composition and arrangement for various Avex Trax musical artists, including the soundtracks of Kamen Rider Den-O, Kamen Rider Kiva, and Kamen Rider Fourze.

He also composed the soundtracks for the anime series MegaMan NT Warrior, Mega Man Star Force, and Sket Dance.

For his work on Kamen Rider Kiva, he plays keyboard in the "limited rock unit" Tetra-Fang as SHUHEI.

Sket Dance
Sket Dance (stylized in all caps) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Kenta Shinohara. The manga follows the adventures of the Sket-dan, a high school club whose goal it is to help the students and teachers of Kaimei High School with their problems, as they do whatever it takes to help make their campus a better place. The story is mainly told in the perspective of the Sket-dan's three members: Bossun, the leader of the group; Himeko, the "muscle" and the only female in the group; and Switch, the otaku and the "brains" of the group. It was serialized in Shueisha's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump from July 2007 to July 2013, with its chapters collected in 32 tankōbon volumes.

The manga was adapted into an anime television series produced by Tatsunoko Production, and was broadcast on TV Tokyo from April 2011 to September 2012, airing 77 episodes. In 2009, Sket Dance won the 55th annual Shogakukan Manga Award in the shōnen category.
Melanesian Liberal Party
The Melanesian Liberal Party is a political party in Papua New Guinea.

The party won 2 out of 109 seats in the 2007 General Election. Following the 2007 Election, it initially supported Prime Minister Michael Somare's government, as Party leader Allan Marat was appointed Attorney-General and Justice Minister. In May 2010, however, Marat publicly criticised aspects of government policy, and resigned upon being asked to do so by the Prime Minister. He informed Somare that the MLP would no longer be supporting the government.

It returned two MPs at the 2012 General Election: Rabaul Open MP Marat and Gazelle Open MP Malakai Tabar. Tabar subsequently crossed to the National Alliance Party, leaving Marat as their sole MP.

As of May 2019, the party had one seat in the National Parliament.

2012 Papua New Guinean general election
General elections were held in Papua New Guinea from 23 June until around 13 July 2012, after being postponed by a further week to allow for security personnel to crisscross the country, particularly the highland provinces. The elections followed controversy over incomplete electoral rolls and a constitutional crisis caused by a dispute over the office of prime minister between Michael Somare and Peter O'Neill.