hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jean, Cardinal of Lorraine
Jean de Lorraine (9 April 1498 – c. 18 May 1550) was the third son of the ruling Duke of Lorraine, and a French cardinal, who was (at one time or another) archbishop of Reims (1532–1538), Lyon (1537–1539), and Narbonne (1524–1550), bishop of Metz, and Administrator of the dioceses of Toul, Verdun, Thérouanne, Luçon, Albi, Valence, Nantes and Agen (1538–1550). He was a personal friend, companion, and advisor of King Francis I of France. Jean de Lorraine was the richest prelate in the reign of Francis I, as well as the most flagrant pluralist. He is one of several cardinals known as the Cardinal de Lorraine.

Luçon
Luçon (pronounced [lysɔ̃]) is a commune in the Vendée department, Pays de la Loire region, western France. Its inhabitants are known as Luçonnais.

Luçon Cathedral is the seat of the Diocese of Luçon (comprising the Vendée), where Cardinal Richelieu once served as bishop.
La Póveda de Soria
La Póveda de Soria is a municipality located in the province of Soria, Castile and León, Spain. According to the latest 2019 data from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics (INE), the municipality has a population of 123 inhabitants.

Province of Soria
The Province of Soria (Spanish: Provincia de Soria) is a province of central Spain, in the eastern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. Most of the province is in the mountainous Sistema Ibérico area. It is bordered by the provinces of La Rioja, Zaragoza, Guadalajara, Segovia, and Burgos.

With a population of 90,183, it is the least populous province of Spain, as well as the least densely populated with a density of less than 9 inhabitants/km2, one of the lowest in the European Union.
Adromischus alstonii
Adromischus alstonii is a species of succulent plant from the family Crassulaceae. The species name is the namesake of Edward Garwood Alston, who was a plant enthusiast from Cape Province, South Africa. A. alstonii is endemic to the Succulent Karoo in the Northern Cape, South Africa.

Succulent Karoo
The Succulent Karoo is an ecoregion defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature to include regions of desert in South Africa and Namibia, and a biodiversity hotspot. The geographic area chosen by the WWF for what they call 'Succulent Karoo' does not correspond to the actual Karoo.
Balestron rig
A balestron rig is a sailplan involving a boom that extends forwards of the mast and is pivoted on it. It is a balanced rig. It involves a mainsail and a smaller jib on an unstayed mast.

Mainsail and jib are controlled by a single sheet. The rig was extensively used on model boats but has recently been used of full-sized vessels. On model boats, it dramatically reduces the energy consumption of sail trimming.

Ship model
Ship models or model ships are scale models of ships. They can range in size from 1/6000 scale wargaming miniatures to large vessels capable of holding people.

Ship modeling is a craft as old as shipbuilding itself, stretching back to ancient times when water transport was first developed.
42nd New Zealand Parliament
The 42nd New Zealand Parliament was a term of the New Zealand Parliament. Its composition was determined by the 1987 election, and it sat until the 1990 election.

The 42nd Parliament was the second (and final) term of the controversial fourth Labour Party government. Initially, the only other party in the 42nd Parliament was the National Party, with the Democratic Party having lost the two seats it held in the 41st Parliament. Later, a dissident Labour MP, Jim Anderton, would found the NewLabour Party in 1989. Due to internal disputes within the Labour Party, there were three Prime Ministers during the 42nd Parliament: David Lange, Geoffrey Palmer, and Mike Moore.

The 42nd Parliament consisted of ninety-seven representatives. At the time, this was the highest number of representatives that Parliament had had, although it would later be exceeded. All of these representatives were chosen by single-member geographical electorates, including four Māori electorates.

Mike Moore (New Zealand politician)
Michael Kenneth Moore ONZ AO PC (28 January 1949 – 2 February 2020) was a New Zealand politician, union organiser, and author. In the Fourth Labour Government he served in several portfolios including minister of foreign affairs, and was the 34th prime minister of New Zealand for 59 days before the 1990 general election elected a new parliament. Following Labour's defeat in that election, Moore served as Leader of the Opposition until the 1993 election, after which Helen Clark successfully challenged him for the Labour Party leadership.

Following his retirement from New Zealand politics, Moore was Director-General of the World Trade Organization from 1999 to 2002. He also held the post of New Zealand Ambassador to the United States from 2010 to 2015.
Kneiff
Kneiff is a hill in the Ardennes, in the commune of Troisvierges, in northern Luxembourg, near the tripoint shared with Belgium and Germany.  At 560 metres, it is the highest point in the country; it is 1 m taller than Buurgplaatz, which was previously considered the highest point until 1997.   It lies close to the town of Wilwerdange.

Hill
A hill is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain. It often has a distinct summit, and is usually applied to peaks which are above elevation compared to the relative landmass, though not as prominent as mountains. Hills fall under the category of slope landforms.
David Canzini
David Bruno John Canzini OBE (born March 1964) is a political advisor who worked for the former British prime minister, Liz Truss. He formerly worked in the office of Prime Minister Boris Johnson, assisting the Downing Street chief of staff, Steve Barclay, as his deputy.

Canzini worked for the Conservative Party as an election agent and campaign director, before joining Lynton Crosby's consultancy CTF Partners. Canzini worked in Johnson's office, assisting Barclay, the Downing Street chief of staff, as his deputy. In October 2022 he joined Truss's political team in 10 Downing Street.

Political consulting
Political consulting is a form of consulting that consists primarily of advising and assisting political campaigns. Although the most important role of political consultants is arguably the development and production of mass media (largely television, direct mail, and digital advertising), consultants advise campaigns on many other activities, ranging from opposition research and voter polling, to field strategy and get out the vote efforts.
Ludus latrunculorum
Ludus latrunculorum, latrunculi, or simply latrones ("the game of brigands", or "the game of soldiers" from latrunculus, diminutive of latro, mercenary or highwayman) was a two-player strategy board game played throughout the Roman Empire. It is said to resemble chess or draughts, as it is generally accepted to be a game of military tactics. Because of the scarcity of sources, reconstruction of the game's rules and basic structure is difficult, and therefore there are multiple interpretations of the available evidence.

Military tactics
Military tactics encompasses the art of organizing and employing fighting forces on or near the battlefield. They involve the application of four battlefield functions which are closely related – kinetic or firepower, mobility, protection or security, and shock action. Tactics are a separate function from command and control and logistics. In contemporary military science, tactics are the lowest of three levels of warfighting, the higher levels being the strategic and operational levels. Throughout history, there has been a shifting balance between the four tactical functions, generally based on the application of military technology, which has led to one or more of the tactical functions being dominant for a period of time, usually accompanied by the dominance of an associated fighting arm deployed on the battlefield, such as infantry, artillery, cavalry or tanks.
2012 Cheltenham Gold Cup
The 2012 Cheltenham Gold Cup (known as the Betfred Gold Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 84th annual running of the Cheltenham Gold Cup horse race held at Cheltenham Racecourse on 16 March 2012.

Fourteen horses ran and the steeplechase was won by 8/1 shot Synchronised, who was trained by Jonjo O'Neill and ridden by Tony McCoy. Synchronised completed the course in a time of 6 minutes 36.19 seconds and won by a distance of 2¼ lengths from second-placed The Giant Bolster.

Kauto Star was attempting to win the Gold Cup for the third time and made a prominent start, but was weakened by a poor jump at the eighth fence and pulled-up by jockey Ruby Walsh before the tenth of the 22 fences.

The Gold Cup was sponsored by Betfred for the first time. Betfred had purchased The Tote, sponsors of the race since 1980, in June 2011.

The Tote
The Tote is a British gambling company founded in 1928. It operates the world's largest online pool betting website. Its product offering also includes sports betting and online casino. Business operations are led from its headquarters in Wigan.

The Tote was established and owned by the UK Government until July 2011 when it was sold to Betfred for £265m. It was sold to UK Tote Group – a consortium of over 150 individual investors involved in the sport as racehorse owners and breeders – in October 2019 for £115m. The Tote has retail outlets on 58 of the UK's 59 racecourses, as well as an online division.

Under the ownership of the UK Tote Group, the Tote aims to develop a more competitive product to compete in the UK betting market.
Rider Broncs softball
The Rider Broncs softball team represents Rider University in NCAA Division I college softball.  The team currently participates in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC), having joined in 1998. From 1978 until 1992, the team was a member of the now-defunct East Coast Conference (ECC). From 1992 until 1997, the team was a member of the Northeast Conference (NEC). The Broncs are currently led by head coach Davon Ortega. The team plays its home games at Herb & Joan Young Field, which is located on the college's campus.

Rider University
Rider University is a private university in Lawrence Township, New Jersey, United States. It consists of three academic units: the Norm Brodsky College of Business, the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, which includes Westminster Choir College, and the College of Education and Human Services.
Alive! (Kiss album)
Alive! is the fourth album overall, and the first live album, by American hard rock band Kiss, released on September 10, 1975. It is considered to be their breakthrough, and a landmark for live albums. The double-album contains live versions of selected tracks from their first three studio albums, Kiss, Hotter Than Hell and Dressed to Kill. It was recorded at concerts in Detroit, Michigan; Cleveland, Ohio; Wildwood, New Jersey; and Davenport, Iowa on May 16, June 21, July 20 and 23, 1975.

The album's title was an homage to the 1972 live album Slade Alive! by the English rock group Slade, a band that heavily influenced Kiss.

Classic Rock (magazine)
Classic Rock is a British magazine and website dedicated to rock music, owned and published by Future. It was launched in October 1998 and is based in London. The magazine publishes 13 editions a year, mainly covering rock bands from the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, with the likes of Led Zeppelin, AC/DC, Pink Floyd, the Rolling Stones, Queen, Black Sabbath, Aerosmith, Deep Purple, and Van Halen amongst its most prominent cover stars. As well as veteran rock artists, Classic Rock also covers modern rock bands and releases, with Alter Bridge, Rival Sons, Halestorm, Ghost, Blackberry Smoke and the Struts amongst the younger artists to have appeared on its cover in recent years.
Illinois Route 163
Illinois Route 163 (IL 163) is a 9.89-mile-long (15.92 km) north–south highway in southwestern Illinois. It runs from IL 158 in Millstadt north to IL 15 in Alorton; the route is located entirely within St. Clair County. IL 163 is maintained by the Illinois Department of Transportation.

Illinois Department of Transportation
The Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) is a state agency in charge of state-maintained public roadways of the U.S. state of Illinois.  In addition, IDOT provides funding for rail, public transit and airport projects and administers fuel tax and federal funding to local jurisdictions in the state.  The Secretary of Transportation reports to the Governor of Illinois. IDOT is headquartered in Springfield. In addition, the IDOT Division of Highways has offices in nine locations throughout the state.
Mugulü
Mugulü (Chinese: 木骨閭; pinyin: Mùgǔlǘ) was a legendary warrior and chieftain in the Mongolian Plateau during the period when it was under the rule of tribes and peoples originating from the fragmentation of the failed and crumbling Xianbei confederation. The term "Mongol" is a likely derivation from his name.

Mongolian Plateau
The Mongolian Plateau or Altai Plateau is an inland plateau in East Asia covering approximately 3,200,000 square kilometers (1,200,000 sq mi). It is bounded by the Greater Hinggan Mountains in the east, the Yin Mountains to the south, the Altai Mountains to the west, and the Sayan and Khentii mountains to the north. The plateau includes the Gobi Desert as well as dry steppe regions. It has an elevation of roughly 1,000 to 1,500 meters (3,300 to 4,900 ft), with the lowest point in Hulunbuir and the highest point in the Altai.

Politically, the plateau spans all of Mongolia, along with parts of China and Russia. Inner Mongolia and parts of the Dzungarian Basin in Xinjiang encompass the Chinese portion of the plateau. In Russia, the plateau forms Transbaikal, part of Buryatia, and the southern Irkutsk Oblast. The Mongolian Plateau comprises the majority of the area known as the Mongol heartland.
Jerzy Andrzejewski
Jerzy Andrzejewski (Polish pronunciation: [ˈjɛʐɨ andʐɛˈjɛfskʲi]; 19 August 1909 – 19 April 1983) was a prolific Polish writer. His works confront controversial moral issues such as betrayal, the Jews and Auschwitz in the wartime. His novels, Ashes and Diamonds (about the immediate post-war situation in Poland), and Holy Week (treating the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising), have been made into film adaptations by the Oscar-winning Polish director Andrzej Wajda. Holy Week and Ashes and Diamonds have both been translated into English. His novel The Gates of Paradise was translated into English by James Kirkup and published by Panther Books with the anglicised spelling "George Andrzeyevski".

James Kirkup
James Harold Kirkup FRSL (23 April 1918 – 10 May 2009) was an English poet, translator and travel writer. He wrote more than 45 books, including autobiographies, novels and plays. He wrote under many pen-names including James Falconer, Jun Honda, Andrew James, Taeko Kawai, Felix Liston, Edward Raeburn, and Ivy B. Summerforest. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1962.
Wellfleet Drive-In Theater
41°52′38.88″N 69°59′30.88″W﻿ / ﻿41.8774667°N 69.9919111°W﻿ / 41.8774667; -69.9919111
The Wellfleet Drive-In Theater, the only drive-in theater on Cape Cod, located in Wellfleet, Massachusetts along U.S. Route 6, near the Massachusetts Audubon Society's Wellfleet Bay Wildlife Sanctuary.  The complex offers first-run double features in season, with other attractions such as indoor cinemas, a flea market, a miniature golf course, and restaurants.

The Drive-In is one of the venues for the annual Provincetown International Film Festival in Provincetown, Massachusetts . Frommer's lists the Drive-In as one of the "500 Places to See Before They Disappear" and Travel and Leisure selected it as a Top Ten Retro Escape.

Provincetown, Massachusetts
Provincetown (/ˈprɒvɪnsˌtaʊn/) is a town located at the tip of Cape Cod in Massachusetts. A small coastal resort town with a year-round population of 3,664 as of the 2020 United States census, Provincetown has a summer population as high as 60,000. It contains the census-designated place of the same name. Often called "P-town" or "Ptown", the locale is known as a vacation destination for its beaches, harbor, artists, and tourist industry, particularly for LGBTQ people.
Nikola Gjorgiev
Nikola Gjorgiev (born 23 July 1988) is a Macedonian volleyball player, a member of North Macedonia men's national volleyball team and Japanese club Osaka Blazers Sakai, 2009 Serbian Champion, 2017 Japanese Champion.

2016 Men's European Volleyball League
The 2016 Men's European Volleyball League was the 13th edition of the annual Men's European Volleyball League, which features men's national volleyball teams from eight European countries.

A preliminary league round was played from 3 to 20 June 2016, and the final four tournament, which was held at Varna, Bulgaria.

Estonia defeated Macedonia 3–0 in the final.
Alby James
Alby James OBE FRSA (born 24 May 1954) is a British theatre director and a producer for film and television drama, screenwriter, script consultant and trainer, whose career spans more than four decades. Committed to promoting diversity and inclusion in the industry, he has worked with broadcasters such as the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC), as well as being involved with other development and mentorship schemes for writers, directors and producers. From its inception in March 2017, he led the Diverse Directors' Workshop at the National Film & Television School, with the aim of improving access to the mainstream and professional independent sector for women, ethnic minorities and those with disabilities. Recognition that James has received for his work include being appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 2019 for services to film, theatre and broadcasting.

SABC
The South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) is the public broadcaster in South Africa, and provides 19 radio stations (AM/FM) as well as 6 television broadcasts and 3 OTT Services to the general public. It is one of the largest of South Africa's state-owned enterprises and the biggest state broadcaster in Africa.

Opposition politicians and civil society often criticise the SABC, accusing it of being a mouthpiece for whichever political party is in majority power, thus currently the ruling African National Congress; during the apartheid era it was accused of playing the same role for the National Party government.
Bavli
Bavli (Hebrew: בבלי), or Shikun Bavli, is a neighborhood in central Tel Aviv, Israel, named after the Babylonian Talmud, and bounded by Yarkon Park on the north, Ayalon highway to the east, Namir road to the west, and Park Tzameret to the south.

Yarkon Park
Yarkon Park (Hebrew: פארק הירקון, Park HaYarkon) is a park in Tel Aviv, Israel, with about sixteen million visits annually. Named after the Yarkon River, which flows through it, the park includes extensive lawns, sports facilities, botanical gardens, an aviary, a water park, two outdoor concert venues and lakes. The park covers an area of 3.5 km². At 375 hectares, it is slightly larger than Central Park in New York and double the size of Hyde Park in London.
SS Panzer Brigade Gross
SS Panzer Brigade Gross was a unit of the Waffen-SS of Nazi Germany during World War II, under the command of Obersturmbannführer Martin Gross. The brigade was formed from the SS Panzer Training and Replacement Regiment based in Dundaga, Latvia and the SS Panzer Troop Training Regiment Seelager based at the training grounds at Ventspils together with the SS Reconnaissance Training Battalion in August 1944. The brigade consisted of two infantry battalions, a panzer battalion of two companies with Panzer III and Panzer IV, a reconnaissance battalion, a StuG battalion, a pioneer company and a Flak company.

The brigade participated in the fighting in Courland and Riga in August and September before it was transferred west to training grounds in Sennelager and Steinhagen in November where it was broken up for replacements. It was not formally disbanded until April 1945.

Dundaga
Dundaga (Livonian: Dūoņig) is a village in Talsi Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia. From 2009 until 2021, the village served as the administrative centre of the former Dundaga Municipality.

Dundaga is known for its castle, constructed by the Archbishopric of Riga in the late 13th century. From the 16th century until 1918, Dundaga Castle (formerly Dundagen) was the centre of the largest private estate in Courland, belonging to the Baron Osten-Sacken family, an important local Baltic-German noble dynasty.
Hubbard-Kesby House
The Hubbard-Kesby House, also known as the John and Betsy Moore Kesby House is a single-family home located at 1965 West Dawson Road in Milford, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

Milford, Michigan
Milford is a village in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, Milford had a population of 6,520. The village is located within Milford Township. The village is known for being the home of the Milford General Motors Proving Ground.
Klimash Passage
Klimash Passage (Bulgarian: проток Климаш, ‘Protok Klimash’ \'pro-tok 'kli-mash\) is the 1.9 km wide passage in the South Shetland Islands between Table Island and Bowler Rocks on the northwest and Morris Rock and Chaos Reef, Aitcho Islands to the SE.  The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.

The passage is named after the settlement of Klimash in Southeastern Bulgaria.

Chaos Reef
Chaos Reef is an area of breakers and turbulent water created by a series of underwater shoals in the north extremity of the Aitcho Islands group on the west side of English Strait in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The area was visited by early 19th-century sealers operating from nearby Clothier Harbour. Following a survey by the 1949 Chilean Antarctic Expedition, the feature was resurveyed and descriptively named from HMS Protector in 1967.
Non-negative least squares
In mathematical optimization, the problem of non-negative least squares (NNLS) is a type of constrained least squares problem where the coefficients are not allowed to become negative. That is, given a matrix A and a (column) vector of response variables y, the goal is to find

subject to x ≥ 0.

Here x ≥ 0 means that each component of the vector x should be non-negative, and ‖·‖2 denotes the Euclidean norm.

Non-negative least squares problems turn up as subproblems in matrix decomposition, e.g. in algorithms for PARAFAC and non-negative matrix/tensor factorization. The latter can be considered a generalization of NNLS.

Another generalization of NNLS is bounded-variable least squares (BVLS), with simultaneous upper and lower bounds αi ≤ xi ≤ βi.: 291

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.