hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shram Awards
The Prime Minister's Shram Awards were instituted in 1975 by the Government of India. This national award is conferred on workers for outstanding contributions that improve productivity, innovation, and indigenization, resulting in saving foreign exchange. The award is also given for long-term exceptional dedicated work.

They are four types of awards:

Shram Ratna: Rs. Two lakhs and recognition of their contribution to their field (a Sanad).

Shram Bhushan: RS. 100000 and a Sanad.

Shram Vir / Shram Veerangana: RS. 60000 and a Sanad.

Shram Devi / Shram Shree: RS. 40000 and a Sanad.

In 2013, eight people were nominated for the Shram Bhushan Award, 20 for the Shram Vir and 41 for the Shram Devi Award.

Lakh
A lakh (/læk, lɑːk/; abbreviated L; sometimes written lac) is a unit in the Indian numbering system equal to one hundred thousand (100,000; scientific notation: 105).  In the Indian 2, 2, 3 convention of digit grouping, it is written as 1,00,000. For example, in India, 150,000 rupees becomes 1.5 lakh rupees, written as ₹1,50,000 or INR 1,50,000.

It is widely used both in official and other contexts in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. It is often used in Bangladeshi, Indian, Pakistani, and Sri Lankan English.
Shahab-5
Shahab-5 (Persian: شهاب ۵, meaning "Meteor-5") is an Iranian long-range ballistic missile, that was rumoured to exist as early as 1998. It is thought to be based upon the North Korean Taepodong-2, with a first stage based upon the Soviet RD-0216. The potential range of the missile is estimated to be between 4,000 and 4,300 km, with a warhead payload of 700 to 1,000 kg.

Some analysts have suggested that Iran’s development of the Shahab‑5 was influenced by cooperation and technology transfers involving North Korean and Russian missile programs in the late 1990s.

Taepodong-2
The Taepodong-2 (TD-2, also spelled as Taep'o-dong 2) (Korean: 대포동 2호) is a designation used to indicate what was initially believed to be a North Korean two- or three-stage ballistic missile design that is the successor to the Taepodong-1 technology demonstrator. In 2012, the U.S. Department of Defense assessed that the Taepodong-2 had not been deployed as a missile. The Taepodong-2 is the technology base for the Unha space launch vehicle, and was likely not intended as ICBM technology.
Join-pattern
Join-patterns provides a way to write concurrent, parallel and distributed computer programs by message passing. Compared to the use of threads and locks, this is a high level programming model using communication constructs model to abstract the complexity of concurrent environment and to allow scalability. Its focus is on the execution of a chord between messages atomically consumed from a group of channels.

This template is based on join-calculus and uses pattern matching. Concretely, this is done by allowing the join definition of several functions and/or channels by matching concurrent call and messages patterns. It is a type of concurrency pattern because it makes easier and more flexible for these entities to communicate and deal with the multi-threaded programming paradigm.

Π-calculus
In theoretical computer science, the π-calculus (or pi-calculus) is a process calculus. The π-calculus allows channel names to be communicated along the channels themselves, and in this matter, it is able to describe concurrent computations whose network configuration may change during the computation.

The π-calculus has few terms and is a small, yet expressive language (see § Syntax). Functional programs can be encoded into the π-calculus, and the encoding emphasises the dialogue nature of computation, drawing connections with game semantics. Extensions of the π-calculus, such as the spi calculus and applied π, have been successful in reasoning about cryptographic protocols. Beside the original use in describing concurrent systems, the π-calculus has also been used to reason through business processes, molecular biology. and autonomous agents in artificial intelligence.
Chukva
Chukva (Ukrainian: Чуква, Polish: Czukiew) is a village in Sambir Raion (district), Lviv Oblast (province), Ukraine. It belongs to Ralivka rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

The village is home to the Parish of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, where the parish priests included Franciszek Salezy Matwijkiewicz (1881–1894) and  Maurycy Turkowski (1899).

In the Second Polish Republic, the village was part of the Sambir County in the Lwów Voivodeship.

Between 1943 and 1944, Ukrainian nationalists from the OUN-UPA brutally murdered 17 Poles here as a part of Volhynia genocide.

Notable individuals born in Czukwa include Stefan Balicki and Jan Serafin.

Sambir Raion
Sambir Raion (Ukrainian: Самбірський район) is a raion (district) in Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is Sambir. Population: 221,896 (2022 estimate). It was established in 1965.

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Lviv Oblast was reduced to seven, and the area of Sambir Raion was significantly expanded. Two abolished raions, Staryi Sambir and Turka Raions, as well as the city of Sambir, which was previously incorporated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion, were merged into Sambir Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 67,063 (2020 est.).
Michael Franks (album)
Michael Franks is a smooth vocal jazz album and the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter and musician Michael Franks. Released in 1973 with Brut, the album was re-released in 1983 under the title Previously Unavailable.

Vocal jazz
Vocal jazz or jazz singing is a genre within jazz music where the voice is used as an instrument.

Vocal jazz began in the early twentieth century. Jazz music has its roots in blues and ragtime and can also traced back to the New Orleans jazz tradition. Jazz music is characterized by syncopated rhythms, improvisation, and unique tonality and pitch deviation. In vocal jazz, this includes vocal improvisations called scat singing where vocalists imitate the instrumentalist's tone and rhythm.
Father Figure (TV series)
Father Figure is a British television sitcom that was first broadcast on BBC One on 18 September 2013. In Ireland the series first aired on RTÉ Two in September 2013. The six-part series was written by Jason Byrne and directed by Nick Wood.

RTÉ2
RTÉ2 (formerly known as Network 2, N2 and RTÉ Two) is an Irish free-to-air television channel owned and operated by RTÉ. It was launched on 2 November 1978 as Ireland's second television channel, at which point the pre-existing channel was renamed RTÉ 1 (currently RTÉ One).
The channel airs content aimed at 16-45 year-olds.
Moler (surname)
Moler is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cleve Moler (born 1939), American mathematician and computer programmer

Janja Moler (1780-1841), Serbian iconographer

Janko Mihailović Moler (1792–1853), Serbian priest and artist

Kathryn Moler (born c.1966), American physicist

Petar Nikolajević Moler (1775–1816), Serbian politician

Cleve Moler
Cleve Barry Moler (born August 17, 1939) is an American mathematician and computer programmer specializing in numerical analysis. In the mid to late 1970s, he was one of the authors of LINPACK and EISPACK, Fortran libraries for numerical computing.  He created MATLAB, a numerical computing package, to give his students at the University of New Mexico easy access to these libraries without writing Fortran.  In 1984, he co-founded MathWorks with Jack Little to commercialize this program.
Zhejiang Wanma
Zhejiang Wanma Co., Ltd. is a Chinese manufacturer of electricity transmission line. Wanma became a listed company since 2009. Zhejiang Wanma was a constituent of SZSE 100 Index, but was removed in January 2017. As of 4 July 2017, it was a constituent of SZSE 200 Index (mid cap index). The firm manufactured electricity transmission line and distribution network. In 2017, it formed a joint venture in rental business of electricity-powered logistics vehicles. Zhang Desheng—via his non wholly owned investment vehicle Zhejiang Wanma Group—owned 35.4123% shares. He also owned 1.1276% directly; his daughter, 0.9166%. Wanma Technology (SZSE: 300698) started its own initial public offering in 2017. Immediately after the IPO, Zhang Desheng, owned 30.750% shares directly, as the largest shareholder of that company. Wanma Group was a sponsor of a Zhejiang basketball team.

Shenzhen Stock Exchange
The Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE) is a stock exchange based in the city of Shenzhen, in the People's Republic of China. It is one of three stock exchanges operating independently in Mainland China, the others being the Beijing Stock Exchange and the Shanghai Stock Exchange. It is situated in the Futian district of Shenzhen. The SZSE is the world's 6th largest stock exchange with a market capitalization exceeding US$4.4 trillion in July 2024.
Vegas Dream
Vegas Dream, released in Japan as Viva! Las Vegas (ビバ ラスベガス) is a gambling video game developed by HAL Laboratory for the Nintendo Entertainment System. A sequel, Vegas Stakes, was released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1993.

HAL Laboratory
HAL Laboratory, Inc., formerly shortened as HALKEN, is a Japanese video game developer  based in Chiyoda, Tokyo. It was founded on February 21, 1980 by Mitsuhiro Ikeda. The company started out developing games for home computers of the era, but has since established a strong relationship with Nintendo, and is often referred to as a second-party developer. In 1991, a second office in Kai, Yamanashi was established. The company is best known for its work on the Kirby and Mother series, and the first two Super Smash Bros. games.

Its logo, Inutamago, which depicts a dog incubating eggs, is meant to represent "an unexpected bond [...] one that brings the birth of something new."
HMS Recruit
Seven ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Recruit:

HMS Recruit (1806) was an 18-gun Cruizer-class brig-sloop launched in 1806 and sold in 1822.

HMS Recruit (1829) was a 10-gun Cherokee-class brig-sloop launched in 1829. She foundered in 1832.

HMS Recruit (1846) was a 12-gun iron brig launched in 1846 and sold in 1849. She was then converted to a screw ship and was resold into civilian service under the name Harbinger.

HMS Recruit (1855) was an iron paddle gunboat, launched in 1850 and previously the Prussian ship Salamander.  She was exchanged in 1855 together with the Prussian Nix for the fifth rate HMS Thetis. Recruit was sold in 1869.

HMS Recruit (1896) was a Brazen-class destroyer launched in 1896 and sunk by German U-boat SM UB-6 in 1915.

HMS Recruit (1916) was an R-class destroyer launched in 1916 and sunk by U-boat SM UB-16 in 1917.

HMS Recruit (J298) was an Algerine-class minesweeper launched in 1943 and broken up in 1965.

HMS Recruit (1896)
HMS Recruit was a Clydebank three-funnel, 30-knot destroyer ordered by the Royal Navy under the 1895–1896 Naval Estimates. She was the fifth ship to carry this name since it was introduced in 1806 for an 18-gun brig-sloop, sold in 1822.
Wesley Church, Perth
Wesley Church  is a Uniting Church in Perth, Western Australia, located at the corner of William Street and Hay Street. It is one of the oldest church buildings and one of few remaining 19th-century colonial buildings in the City of Perth.

City of Perth
The City of Perth is a local government area and body, within the Perth metropolitan area, which is the capital of Western Australia. The local government is commonly known as Perth City Council. The City covers the Perth city centre and surrounding suburbs. The City covers an area of 20.01 square kilometres (8 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 21,092 as at 30 June 2015. On 1 July 2016 the City expanded, absorbing 1,247 residents from the City of Subiaco.
September 12th (film)
September 12th is an independent film, written and directed by John Touhey.  Set on the third anniversary of the September 11 attacks, the film centers on the long-term effects the event had on many Americans.

The movie was filmed in several locations in the New York City boroughs of Manhattan, Brooklyn and Staten Island, as well as East Meadow, New York, Brooklyn, New York and Cranford, New Jersey.

East Meadow, New York
East Meadow is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) within the Town of Hempstead in the central portion of Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 37,796 at the time of the 2020 census.

Many of the hamlet's residents commute to Manhattan, located approximately 30 miles (48 km) to the west.
Cloquet City Hall
The Cloquet City Hall, also known as the Spafford Building, is located at Avenue B and Arch Street in Cloquet in the U.S. state of Minnesota.  The red brick Colonial Revival building was built in 1920 and features quoins, keystones, and an entablature with a high parapet. Tall stone pilasters extend to the high cornice.

Quoin
Quoins (/kɔɪn/ or /kwɔɪn/) are masonry blocks at the corner of a wall. Some are structural, providing strength for a wall made with inferior stone or rubble, while others merely add aesthetic detail to a corner. According to one 19th-century encyclopedia, these imply strength, permanence, and expense, all reinforcing the onlooker's sense of a structure's presence.

Stone quoins are used on stone or brick buildings. Brick quoins may appear on brick buildings, extending from the facing brickwork in such a way as to give the appearance of generally uniformly cut ashlar blocks of stone larger than the bricks. Where quoins are decorative and non-load-bearing a wider variety of materials is used, including timber, stucco, or other cement render.
Mobile Suit Gundam 00 the Movie: A Wakening of the Trailblazer
Mobile Suit Gundam 00 the Movie: A Wakening of the Trailblazer (劇場版 機動戦士ガンダム00 -A wakening of the Trailblazer-, Gekijōban Kidō Senshi Gandamu Daburu Ō A weikeningu ofu za Toreirubureizā) is a 2010 Japanese anime science fiction film part of the Gundam metaseries and directed by Seiji Mizushima. The film is set two years after the second season of Mobile Suit Gundam 00 and concludes the series' storyline, with Celestial Being and the rest of Earth Forces fighting a group of hostile aliens known as ELS. The film is notable for being the first entry in Gundam to feature aliens as its antagonists.  The film premiered on September 18, 2010, and was released on Blu-ray & DVD in Japan on December 25, 2010.

Media franchise
A media franchise, also known as a multimedia franchise, is a collection of related media in which several derivative works have been produced from an original creative work of fiction, such as a film, a work of literature, a television program, or a video game. Bob Iger, chief executive of the Walt Disney Company, defined the word franchise as "something that creates value across multiple businesses and across multiple territories over a long period of time."
2019 Fukuoka International Women's Cup – Doubles
Naomi Broady and Asia Muhammad were the defending champions, but Muhammad chose to participate at the 2019 FineMark Women's Pro Tennis Championship instead.

Broady partnered alongside compatriot Heather Watson, and successfully defended their title, after Kristie Ahn and Alison Bai gave a walkover in the final.

Asia Muhammad
Asia Muhammad (born April 4, 1991) is an American professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. She has been ranked as high as world No. 8 in doubles by the WTA, achieved on March 17, 2025.
Muhammad has won 13 doubles titles on the WTA Tour including the 2024 Cincinnati WTA 1000 title with Erin Routliffe and the 2025 Indian Wells with Demi Schuurs.

She also reached the finals in 2022 Indian Wells with Ena Shibahara and in 2024 Wuhan with Jessica Pegula. In addition, Muhammad has won five doubles titles on the Challenger Tour and 35 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. In singles she has a career-high No. 124, achieved on April 24, 2017 and has won 14 ITF singles titles.
Execution of John Grant
The execution of John Grant (April 12, 1961 – October 28, 2021) took place in the U.S. state of Oklahoma by means of lethal injection. Grant was sentenced to death for the 1998 murder of prison cafeteria worker Gay Carter.

Grant's execution followed a six-year moratorium on executions in Oklahoma due to the botched executions of Clayton Lockett and Charles Frederick Warner in 2014 and 2015, respectively. In 2021, following a series of legal challenges to lethal injection, executions resumed in the state, starting with Grant. His execution generated significant media attention and controversy due to his negative reaction to the lethal injection drugs, particularly the sedative midazolam.

Potassium chloride
Potassium chloride (KCl, or potassium salt) is a metal halide salt composed of potassium and chlorine. It is odorless and has a white or colorless vitreous crystal appearance. The solid dissolves readily in water, and its solutions have a salt-like taste. Potassium chloride can be obtained from ancient dried lake deposits. KCl is used as a salt substitute for table salt (NaCl), a fertilizer, as a medication, in scientific applications, in domestic water softeners (as a substitute for sodium chloride salt), as a feedstock, and in food processing, where it may be known as E number additive E508.

It occurs naturally as the mineral sylvite, which is named after salt's historical designations sal degistivum Sylvii and sal febrifugum Sylvii, and in combination with sodium chloride as sylvinite.
Kanmani Unakkaga
Kanmani Unakkaga (transl. For you, Kanmani) is a 1999 Indian Tamil-language action thriller film, directed by the duo Ravi-Raja. The film stars Ishaq Hussaini and Suvaluxmi, while Senthil and Jennifer portrayed supporting roles. It was released on 7 November 1999.

Nancy Jennifer
Nancy Jennifer, previously credited as Baby Jennifer, is an Indian actress who has appeared in Tamil language films. After making her debut as a child artiste, Jennifer has also featured in supporting and lead roles.
6th National Congress of the Kuomintang (Wang Jingwei)
The 6th National Congress of the Kuomintang (Chinese: 中國國民黨第六次全國代表大会) was held by Wang Jingwei and his followers from the Kuomintang in exile after he defected from Chiang Kai-shek to Japan, in Japanese-occupied Shanghai, on 28 August 1939. As he was a collaborator, this congress was not considered legitimate after the war. A "central political conference" was held in Nanjing later on 20 March 1940, establishing his new regime. The Congress eventually led to the formation of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China, a puppet state of Japan under Wang's leadership.

Puppet state
A puppet state, puppet régime, puppet government or dummy government is a state that is de jure independent but de facto completely dependent upon an outside power and subject to its orders. Puppet states have nominal sovereignty, except that a foreign power effectively exercises control through economic or military support. By leaving a local government in existence the outside power evades all responsibility, while at the same time successfully paralysing the local government they tolerate.

Puppet states differ from allies, who choose their actions of their own initiative or in accordance with treaties they have voluntarily entered. Puppet states are forced into legally endorsing actions already taken by a foreign power.
Taxable wages
Taxable wages, in payroll, is the sum of all earnings by an employee that are eligible for a particular type of tax. Each tax is different and has different regulations about limits to the amount of wages that can be considered taxable with respect to that tax.

In the United States, contributing to a 401(k) account will cause one's taxable wages to be lower than gross wages.  Some taxes, such as Social Security, have other exemptions.

Regulation
Regulation is the management of complex systems according to a set of rules and trends. In systems theory, these types of rules exist in various fields of biology and society, but the term has slightly different meanings according to context. For example:

in government, typically regulation (or its plural) refers to the delegated legislation which is adopted to enforce primary legislation; including land-use regulation

in economy: regulatory economics

in finance: financial regulation

in business, industry self-regulation occurs through self-regulatory organizations and trade associations which allow industries to set and enforce rules with less government involvement; and,

in biology, gene regulation and metabolic regulation allow living organisms to adapt to their environment and maintain homeostasis;

in psychology, self-regulation theory is the study of how individuals regulate their thoughts and behaviors to reach goals.
Valentín Dreke
Valentín Dreke (June 21, 1898 – September 25, 1929) was a Cuban baseball outfielder in the Negro leagues. He played from 1919 to 1927, doing so with the Cuban Stars (East) and Cuban Stars (West). He also played winter ball with the famed Almendares team on three occasions. He led the Negro National League in batting average in 1924, hitting .389 in 46 games played. In his eight years of Negro league ball, he batted at least .296 in each season. He died of tuberculosis in 1929. He was elected to the Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945.

Negro National League (1920–1931)
The first Negro National League (NNL I) was one of the several Negro leagues that were established during the period in the United States when organized baseball was segregated. The league was formed in 1920 with former player Rube Foster as its president.
Knob Creek
Knob Creek can refer to:

Several streams in the US, including:

Knob Creek, in Izard County, Arkansas

Knob Creek, in Bullitt County, Kentucky

Knob Creek, in Graves County, Kentucky

Knob Creek (Miami Creek), a stream in Missouri

Knob Creek (South Grand River), a stream in west central Missouri

Knob Creek (Stouts Creek), a stream in Missouri

Knob Creek, in Cleveland County, North Carolina

Knob Creek, in Lauderdale County, Tennessee

Knob Creek, in Lawrence County, Tennessee

Knob Creek, in Sevier County, Tennessee

Knob Creek, in Washington County, Tennessee

Other

Knob Creek Farm, boyhood home of Abraham Lincoln, in LaRue County, US

Knob Creek (bourbon), a brand of bourbon whiskey made by Beam Suntory

Knob Creek (Miami Creek tributary)
Knob Creek is a stream in west central Bates County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of Miami Creek.

The stream headwaters arise about 1.5 miles southwest of the community of Burdett and the stream flows south crossing Missouri Route 18 one-half mile west of Lacyville. The stream continues to the south to south-southeast passing under Missouri Route F to its confluence with Miami Creek about three miles northeast of Virginia on Missouri Route 52 and seven miles west-northwest of Butler and US Route 71.

The stream source area is at 38°25′02″N 94°29′52″W﻿ / ﻿38.41722°N 94.49778°W﻿ / 38.41722; -94.49778 and the confluence is at 38°18′17″N 94°27′38″W﻿ / ﻿38.30472°N 94.46056°W﻿ / 38.30472; -94.46056.

The name Knob is a corruption of Knabb, the surname of a settler.
Ahmadiyya in Algeria
Ahmadiyya is a religious sect in Algeria, with around 2,000 followers. Its presence in the country dates back to the 1970s.

In 2013, the Algerian Ministry of Religious Affairs expressed concern over the rise of a number of radical religious movements, including Ahmadism which according to them "is becoming as deeply entrenched in North Africa as takfiri Salafism and Wahhabism", and decided to take action by strengthening the monitoring and control of the places targeted by the radical Islamists for recruits. In 2016, Ahmadi sect members had been detained and accused of various offences with detentions occurring in Larbaâ, Algiers, Skikda, Sidi Ameur, M'Sila and Beni Saf.

Skikda
Skikda (Arabic: سكيكدة; formerly Philippeville from 1838 to 1962 and Rusicade in ancient times) is a city in northeastern Algeria and a port on the Mediterranean. It is the capital of Skikda Province and Skikda District.