hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Francis Armstrong (missionary)
Francis Fraser Armstrong (22 November 1813 – 22 May 1897) was a Scottish Methodist pioneer of the Swan River Colony who befriended, and recorded the language of, the Nyungar people in Western Australia. His father Adam Armstrong was a well known early settler of Western Australia.

Swan River Colony
The Swan River Colony, also known as the Swan River Settlement, or just Swan River, was a British colony established in 1829 on the Swan River. This initial settlement place on the Swan River was soon named Perth, and it became the capital city of Western Australia.

The name was a pars pro toto for Western Australia. In 1831, the military outpost Frederick Town was transferred from the Colony of New South Wales to the Swan River Colony and renamed Albany,: 55–115  and on 6 February 1832, the Swan River Colony was renamed the Colony of Western Australia, when the colony's founding lieutenant-governor, Captain James Stirling, belatedly received his commission. However, the name Swan River Colony remained in informal use for many years.
Mil Mi-20
The Mil Mi-20 was a small multipurpose transport helicopter built to replace the Mil Mi-1 in the mid-1960s. The helicopter was built for many roles, including transport, cargo, agricultural, training, and even light armed escort or gunship roles. In gunship role, it could carry Falanga or Malyutka anti-tank rockets on four to six outboard pylons, or two UB-16-57 rocket pods.

In 1966, MVZ built a full-scale mockup of the aircraft with a 355 hp Turbomeca "Oredon-III" single-turboshaft engine and tricycle-type landing gear. Later, in 1972, MVZ built another mockup, but with a TBG-11 hp engine type and a skid undercarriage. The helicopter did not attract many customers after the second mock-up and did not replace the Mil Mi-1. Because of this, further development of the aircraft was canceled.

9M14 Malyutka
The 9M14 Malyutka (Russian: Малютка; "Little one", NATO reporting name: AT-3 Sagger) is a manual command to line of sight (MCLOS) wire-guided anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) system developed in the Soviet Union. It was the first man-portable anti-tank guided missile of the Soviet Union and is probably the most widely produced ATGM of all time—with Soviet production peaking at 25,000 missiles a year during the 1960s and 1970s. In addition, copies of the missile have been manufactured under various names by at least six countries.

Although they have been supplanted by more advanced anti-tank guided missiles, the Malyutka and its variants have seen widespread use in nearly every regional conflict since the 1960s and are still kept in large stockpiles and sometimes used to this day by non state actors such as Hezbollah.
Barnes v. Yahoo!, Inc.
Barnes v. Yahoo!, Inc., 570 F.3d 1096 (9th Cir. 2009), is a United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit case in which the Ninth Circuit held that Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act (CDA) rules that  Yahoo!, Inc., as an Internet service provider cannot be held responsible for failure to remove objectionable content posted to their website by a third party. Plaintiff Cecilia Barnes made claims arising out of Defendant Yahoo!, Inc.'s alleged failure to honor promises to remove offensive content about the plaintiff posted by a third party. The content consisted of a personal profile with nude photos of the Plaintiff and her contact information. The United States District Court for the District of Oregon had dismissed Barnes' complaint.

United States District Court for the District of Oregon
The United States District Court for the District of Oregon (in case citations, D. Ore. or D. Or.)  is the federal district court whose jurisdiction comprises the state of Oregon. It was created in 1859 when the state was admitted to the Union. Appellate jurisdiction belongs to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit). Matthew P. Deady served as its first judge.

The United States Attorney's Office for the District of Oregon represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court. As of July 29, 2025, the interim United States attorney is Scott E. Bradford.
Samuel Denny Street
Samuel Denny Street (May 16, 1752 – December 11, 1830) was an English-born lawyer and political figure in New Brunswick. He represented Sunbury County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1795 to 1802 and from 1809 to 1816.

Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
The Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick (French: Assemblée législative du Nouveau-Brunswick) is the deliberative assembly of the New Brunswick Legislature, in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The assembly's seat is located in Fredericton. It was established in Saint John de jure when the colony was created in 1784 but came into session only in 1786, following the first elections in late 1785. The legislative assembly was originally the lower house in a bicameral legislature. Its upper house counterpart, the Legislative Council of New Brunswick, was abolished in 1891.  Its members are called "Members of the Legislative Assembly", commonly referred to as "MLAs".
Military Outdoor
Military Outdoor is a private limited company launched on 5 May 2013 and later incorporated on 13 May 2015 by Miss Malgorzata Karolina Kadamus. Military Outdoor is an E-Commerce platform based in Histon, Cambridge which specialises in the sale of military gear aimed at military contractors, security professionals and outdoor enthusiasts. Although owned by Miss Kadamus, the day-to-day operations of the website are managed by Director Justin Jones, a security consultant and (SIA) security industry authority.

Military Outdoor have been featured in a number of publications and media includes an interview with Justin Jones for ITV in January 2015 regarding security vests and body armour.

Private limited company
A private limited company is any type of business entity in "private" ownership used in many jurisdictions, in contrast to a publicly listed company, with some differences from country to country. Examples include: the LLC in the United States, private company limited by shares in the United Kingdom, GmbH in Germany and Austria, Besloten vennootschap (BV) in The Netherlands and Belgium, société à responsabilité limitée (SARL) in France, società a responsabilità limitata (S.r.l.) in Italy, and sociedad de responsabilidad limitada (SRL) in the Spanish-speaking world. The benefit of having a private limited company is that there is limited liability.
Orcival
Orcival (French pronunciation: [ɔʁsival]; Auvergnat: Orsivau) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne in central France. The 12th–13th-century basilica of Notre Dame is a listed monument. It contains many ancient religious objects, including a 12th-century procession statue of the Virgin and Child.

The village of Orcival is located in the Vale of Silouet, 26 km from Clermont-Ferrand, west of Mont-Domes and north of Mont-Dore.

Auvergne
Auvergne (/oʊˈvɛərn(jə), oʊˈvɜːrn/; French: [ovɛʁɲ] ⓘ; Occitan: Auvèrnhe or Auvèrnha) is a cultural region in central France. It is now largely part of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes administrative region.

Auvergne is generally regarded as conterminous with the land area of the historical Province of Auvergne, which was dissolved in 1790, and with the now-defunct administrative region of Auvergne, which existed from 1956 to 2015.

The region is home to a chain of volcanoes known collectively as the "chaîne des Puys". The volcanoes began forming about 70,000 years ago, and most have eroded, leaving plugs of hardened magma that form rounded hilltops known as puys. The last confirmed eruption occurred around 4040 BCE.
Brauer–Wall group
In mathematics, the Brauer–Wall group or super Brauer group or graded Brauer group for a field F is a group BW(F) classifying finite-dimensional graded central division algebras over the field.  It was first defined by Terry Wall (1964) as a generalization of the Brauer group.

The Brauer group of a field F is the set of the similarity classes of finite-dimensional central simple algebras over F under the operation of tensor product, where two algebras are called similar if the commutants of their simple modules are isomorphic. Every similarity class contains a unique division algebra, so the elements of the Brauer group can also be identified with isomorphism classes of finite-dimensional central division algebras. The analogous construction for Z/2Z-graded algebras defines the Brauer–Wall group BW(F).

Dimension (vector space)
In mathematics, the dimension of a vector space V is the cardinality (i.e., the number of vectors) of a basis of V over its base field. It is sometimes called Hamel dimension (after Georg Hamel) or algebraic dimension to distinguish it from other types of dimension.

For every vector space there exists a basis, and all bases of a vector space have equal cardinality; as a result, the dimension of a vector space is uniquely defined. We say  is finite-dimensional if the dimension of  is finite, and infinite-dimensional if its dimension is infinite.

The dimension of the vector space  over the field  can be written as  or as  read "dimension of  over ". When  can be inferred from context,  is typically written.
Great Britain at the European Games
Great Britain first participated at the European Games at the inaugural 2015 Games and earned 47 medals. This tally was more than halved at the 2019 Games, due to the removal of swimming from the competition schedule.

2015 European Games
The 1st European Games (Azerbaijani: 1-ci Avropa Oyunları), also known as the 2015 European Games or Baku 2015 (Azerbaijani: Bakı 2015), were the inaugural edition of the European Games, an international multi-sport event for athletes representing the National Olympic Committees (NOCs) of the European Olympic Committees. It took place in Baku, Azerbaijan, from 12 to 28 June 2015, and featured almost 6,000 athletes from 50 countries competing in 30 sports, including 15 summer Olympic and 2 non-Olympic sports.
No Leprosy Patients in Our Prefecture Movement
The Muraiken Undō (無癩県運動, Muraiken Undō), or No Leprosy Patients in Our Prefecture Movement, was a government funded Japanese public health and social movement which began between 1929 and 1934. Its mission was to systematically eliminate leprosy, (Hansen's disease), a readily transmissible, previously incurable, chronic infectious disease caused by M. leprae, from each prefecture in Japan. This was to be achieved by caring for those affected by the disease in government funded sanatoriums.

Kensuke Mitsuda
Kensuke Mitsuda (光田 健輔, Mitsuda Kensuke; January 12, 1876 – May 14, 1964) was a Japanese leprologist and director of the Tama Zenshoen Sanatorium (1914–1931) and the National Sanatorium Nagashima Aiseien (1931–1957). He had been at the frontier of leprosy policy of Japan. He was given the Order of Cultural Merits (1951) and Damien-Dutton Award (1961). He has been the cause of admiration from one side, and the target of criticism from the other.
Emma Fay
Emma Dawes (born 1987), known professionally as Emma Fay, is an English visual artist specialising in body painting and makeup. Her painted human bodies are documented through photography and film, as well as being created as live installations. Fay has created artwork for commercial domains and her own fine art practice.

Attenborough Arts Centre
Attenborough Arts Centre is an arts centre on Lancaster Road, Leicester, United Kingdom. It is the University of Leicester arts centre but also serves Leicester as a whole. The centre's access and inclusive work has been recognised, through multiple awards and grants from Arts Council England, BBC Children in Need, LeicesterShire Promotions, Art Fund and Paul Hamlyn Foundation.
Saba Sahar
Saba Sahar (born 28 August 1975) is an Afghan actress, and the country's first female film director and film producer. Her first film, The Law, (2004) was a major success. She was born in Kabul. She returned to Afghanistan after spending time in exile in Moscow, Tehran and Peshawar, to act in films and plays. Besides being among Afghanistan's most famous actors, Sahar is also a campaigner for women's rights.

Her film Passing the Rainbow (2008) was presented in an art installation at the Chelsea College of Art and Design in 2010.

On 25 August 2020, Sahar was shot and injured by an anonymous gunman while traveling to work in Kabul with her bodyguard and driver. Hit in the stomach, she was taken to a hospital where she underwent a successful surgery.

Chelsea College of Arts
Chelsea College of Arts is a constituent college of the University of the Arts London, a public art and design university in London, England.

It offers further and higher education courses in fine art, graphic design, interior design, product design, and textile design up to PhD level.
Animal (De)liberation
Animal (De)liberation: Should the Consumption of Animal Products Be Banned? is a 2016 book, written by Jan Deckers and published by Ubiquity Press. The book engages with the work of many scholars who have written on the subject, including Carol Adams, Alasdair Cochrane, Gary Francione, Melanie Joy, Martha Nussbaum, and Peter Singer, as well as with the views of non-specialists, including slaughterhouse workers involved with the film Slaughterhouse: The Task of Blood, released by Century Films in 2005.

Carol J. Adams
Carol J. Adams (born 1951) is an American writer, feminist, and animal rights advocate. She is the author of several books, including The Sexual Politics of Meat: A Feminist-Vegetarian Critical Theory (1990) and The Pornography of Meat (2004), focusing in particular on what she argues are the links between the oppression of women and that of non-human animals. She was inducted into the Animal Rights Hall of Fame in 2011.
Adolat Timurovna Kasymova
Adolat Timurovna Kasymova (born 1938) was a Communist Tajikistani politician during the Soviet years.

She served as Minister of Social Security from the years 1986–1990.

Since 1958, he was engaged in economic, social and political work. In 1958-1990. - Worked in the silk industry in the Tajik SSR, director of the Dushanbe sewing firm "Guliston", minister of domestic services of the Tajik SSR, secretary of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Tajik SSR, minister of social security of the Tajik SSR.

She was elected as a deputy of the USSR Supreme Soviet of the 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th convocations, the Supreme Soviet of the Tajik SSR of the 10th and 11th convocations.

Demographics of Tajikistan
The Demographics of Tajikistan is about the demography of the population of Tajikistan, including population growth, population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population.
Agri (caste)
The Agri or Aagri are a mostly Hindu caste found in Mumbai (Bombay), Thane District, Raigad District & Palghar district of Konkan division, Maharashtra, India. In 1931, the Agri population numbered around 416,000 in India. They are mainly involved in fishing, salt making, and rice farming.  They speak the Agri dialect of Maharashtri Konkani and write in the Devanagari script. They are Hindus, worship all the Hindu deities and observe Hindu festivals such as Holi, Ganesh Chaturthi, Dussera, Diwali, Hanuman Jayanti, Datta Jayanti, Shiv Jayanti and others.

Shiv Jayanti
Shiv Jayanti, also known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti, is a festival and public holiday of the Indian state of Maharashtra. This festival is celebrated on February 19, celebrating the birth anniversary of Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, the first Chhatrapati of the Marathas. He established Hindavi Swarajya ( Swarājya; "Self-Rule of the Hindu people"). People celebrate this day by huge gatherings and processions for celebrating the birth of Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.

After referring to the official documents received from the royal courts of various maratha sardars, including Bhosales of Nagpur, Gaikwads of Badoda, which clearly mentioned the birth tithi of Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj as 'Falguna Vadya Trutiya', the corresponding date as 19th Feb 1630, in 1912 AD and started the widespread annual Shivjayanti celebrations.
Varronia curassavica
Varronia curassavica, synonym Cordia curassavica, commonly known as black sage or wild sage, is a species of flowering plant in the family Cordiaceae. It is sometimes called tropical black sage to distinguish it from another unrelated species named black sage, Salvia mellifera. It is native to tropical America but has also been widely introduced to Southeast Asia and the tropical Pacific region, where it is an invasive weed. The specific epithet is a Latinised form of Curaçao, an island in the southern Caribbean Sea region and the locality of the type collection.

Salvia mellifera
Salvia mellifera (Californian black sage, also known as seel by the Mahuna) is a small, highly aromatic, evergreen shrub of the genus Salvia (the sages) native to California, and Baja California, Mexico. It is common in the coastal sage scrub of Southern California and northern Baja California. Black sage has a dark resinous appearance and releases a strong herbal scent when it is touched. This is especially apparent in dry seasons.
2021–22 Dundee F.C. season
The 2021–22 season was Dundee's first season back in the top flight of Scottish football since 2018–19, after winning the previous season's Premiership play-offs. Dundee also competed in both the League Cup and the Scottish Cup.

Dundee were automatically relegated to the Scottish Championship on 11 May 2022.

2018–19 Dundee F.C. season
The 2018–19 season was Dundee's fifth consecutive season in the top flight of Scottish football since their promotion at the end of the 2013–14 season. Dundee also competed in the League Cup and the Scottish Cup. On 4 May, Dundee were automatically relegated to the Championship.
2015 LPGA of Japan Tour
The 2015 LPGA of Japan Tour is the 48th season of the LPGA of Japan Tour, the professional golf tour for women operated by the Ladies Professional Golfers' Association of Japan. The 2015 schedule includes 37 official events worth ¥3.4 billion.

Leading money winner was Lee Bo-mee with ¥230,497,057. She also won the Mercedes Ranking, had the lowest scoring average and finished most often (23 times) inside the top-10.

Lee Bo-mee
Lee Bo-mee (이보미; born 21 August 1988), also known as Bo-mee Lee, is a South Korean professional golfer currently playing on the LPGA of Japan Tour.

Lee played on the LPGA of Korea Tour, winning four events from 2009 to 2010. She has won 19 events on the LPGA of Japan Tour since 2012. She led the LPGA of Japan Tour money list in 2015 and 2016. She finished in solo second place at the 2012 Mizuno Classic, a co-sanctioned tournament on the LPGA Tour and LPGA of Japan Tours.
Cai Shenxi
Cai Shenxi (Chinese: 蔡申熙) (February 12, 1906 – October 9, 1932) was a general officer in the Chinese Red Army during the Chinese Civil War. He was born in Liling, Hunan. He joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1924. In 1926, he participated in the Northern Expedition. In August 1927, he participated in the Nanchang uprising. He fought against the Kuomintang at Sanhe, Dabu County, Guangdong. In December 1927, he participated in the Guangzhou Uprising. He led the attack on Xiajiang County, Jiangxi in November 1929. He was killed in action in Hong'an County, Hubei.

Guangzhou Uprising
The Guangzhou Uprising, also known as the Canton Uprising or Canton Riots of 1927, was a short-lived communist uprising in the city of Guangzhou (Canton) in southern China. Communist forces briefly seized much of the city and proclaimed a Soviet of Workers, Soldiers, and Peasant Deputies before being defeated by Kuomintang (Nationalist) troops.
Fourth Mansions
Fourth Mansions is a science fiction novel by American author R. A. Lafferty, first published as an Ace Science Fiction Special in 1969. A UK hardcover was issued by Dennis Dobson in 1972, with a Star Books paperback following in 1977. A French translation appeared in 1973. American reprint editions were later issued by Bart Books and by Wildside Press.

Fourth Mansions was nominated for the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1970, and placed fifth in the Locus Poll for best novel in the same year.

Wildside Press
Wildside Press is an independent publishing company in Cabin John, Maryland. It was founded in 1989 by John Betancourt and Kim Betancourt. While the press was originally conceived as a publisher of speculative fiction in both trade and limited editions, its focus has broadened since then, both in content and format.

Its website notes publication of works of mystery, romance, science fiction, fantasy, and non-fiction, as well as downloadable audiobooks and CDs, ebooks, magazines, and physical books. Wildside Press has published approximately 10,000 books through print on demand and traditional means.
Obelisco (Guatemala City)
El Obelisco (The Obelisk) or Monumento a los Próceres de la Independencia (Monument to the Heroes of Independence) is a monument in Guatemala City, Guatemala built in 1935 under the government of Jorge Ubico and designed by Rafael Pérez De León. It commemorates the independence of Central America. The 18-metre high, 221-ton stone structure is situated on a huge roundabout called Plaza del Obelisco (Obelisk Square), where the Avenida Reforma, Boulevard Los Próceres, Avenida Las Americas and Boulevard Liberacion meet. The neoclassic Palacio de La Reforma once stood at this place, until it was destroyed by the earthquakes of 1917/1918. In 1950, under president Juan José Arévalo, a flame of liberty was installed by the column.

Juan José Arévalo
Juan José Arévalo Bermejo (10 September 1904 – 8 October 1990) was a Guatemalan statesman and professor of philosophy who became Guatemala's first democratically elected president in 1945. He was elected following a popular uprising against the United States-backed dictator Jorge Ubico that began the Guatemalan Revolution. He remained in office until 1951, surviving 25 coup attempts. He did not contest the election of 1951, instead choosing to hand over power to Jacobo Árbenz. As president, he enacted several social reform policies, including an increase in the minimum wage and a series of literacy programs. He also oversaw the drafting of a new constitution in 1945. His son, Bernardo, became President of Guatemala in 2024.

Because of his reforms and policies that transcended his time, Juan José Arévalo is considered the most popular and influential president in the history of Guatemala.
Dmitrovsky District
Dmitrovsky District is the name of several administrative and municipal districts in Russia. The districts' name generally derives from or is related to the male first name Dmitry.

Dmitrovsky District, Moscow, a district in Northern Administrative Okrug of Moscow

Dmitrovsky District, Moscow Oblast, an administrative and municipal district of Moscow Oblast

Dmitrovsky District, Oryol Oblast, an administrative and municipal district of Oryol Oblast

Oryol Oblast
Oryol Oblast (Russian: Орло́вская о́бласть, romanized: Orlovskaya oblastʹ), also known as Orlovshchina (Russian: Орловщина), is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Oryol. Population: 713,374 (2021 census); 786,935 (2010 census);