hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Ménard
Robert Ménard (French: [ʁɔbɛʁ menaʁ]; born 6 July 1953) is a French politician and former journalist who has served as Mayor of Béziers since 2014.

He co-founded the Paris-based international NGO Reporters Without Borders, which he led as its general-secretary from 1985 to 2008. He subsequently participated in the launch of the far-right information website Boulevard Voltaire in 2012. An independent politician since 1981, he was elected to the mayorship of Béziers in 2014. He joined the Les Amoureux de la France alliance in 2017.

Les Amoureux de la France
Les Amoureux de la France (lit. 'The Lovers of France') is a national-conservative political alliance launched in 2018 for the 2019 European Parliament election in France. The alliance contains the CNIP, the PCD and Nicolas Dupont-Aignan's party, Debout la France.
Anastasius (abbot of Euthymius)
Anastasius (Greek: Ἀναστάσιος) was abbot of Euthymius in Palestine, around 741 CE. He wrote in Greek a work against the Jews, a Latin version of which by Turrianus is printed in the Antiquae Lectiones of Henricus Canisius. The translation is very imperfect. A manuscript of the original work is still extant.

Euthymius the Great
Euthymius the Great (377 – 20 January 473) was an abbot in Palestine. He is venerated in both Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches.

Euthymius' vita was written by Cyril of Skythopolis, who describes him as the founder of several monasteries in the Judaean desert, while remaining a solitary monk in the tradition of Egyptian monasticism. He nevertheless played a decisive role in helping the decisions of the Council of Chalcedon (451) prevail in Jerusalem, in spite of the majority of the monks in the region opposing it.
Vsevolods Zeļonijs
Vsevolods Zeļonijs (born 24 February 1973 in Riga) is a Latvian judoka, who competed in the 1992 and 2000 Summer Olympics, winning bronze medal in 2000 in the lightweight (‍–‍73 kg) category.

Zeļonijs also won a bronze medal in the 1997 World Championships, and several silver and bronze medals in European Championships. He is a four-time Olympian. Between 1992 and 2004, he won eight medals (three silver and five bronze) at the World Championships, European Championships and European Junior Championships.

European Judo Championships
The European Judo Championships is the Judo European Championship organized by the European Judo Union. The 2015 and 2019 editions were held during the respective European Games. This is also expected for future editions of the European Games.
Rhode Island in the American Civil War
The state of Rhode Island during the American Civil War remained loyal to the Union, as did the other states of New England. Rhode Island furnished 25,236 fighting men to the Union Army, of which 1,685 died. The state used its industrial capacity to supply the Union Army with the materials needed to win the war. Rhode Island's continued growth and modernization led to the creation of an urban mass transit system and improved health and sanitation programs.

Zenas Bliss
Zenas Randall Bliss (April 17, 1835 – January 2, 1900) was an officer and general in the United States Army and a recipient of the Medal of Honor. He formed the first unit of Seminole-Negro Indian Scouts, and his detailed memoirs chronicled life on the Texas frontier.  He was the father of Rhode Island Lieutenant Governor Zenas Work Bliss.

Bliss was a native of Rhode Island and graduated from West Point in 1854. He served most of his thirty-seven-year career on the Texas frontier, and served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. During the Civil War he was captured by Confederate forces and held as a prisoner of war. Bliss received the Medal of Honor for his actions while leading his regiment at the Battle of Fredericksburg.
Triple J's Hottest 100 Australian Albums of All Time, 2011
The Hottest 100 Australian Albums of All Time is a listener-voted countdown of albums run by Australian radio station Triple J in June and July 2011. In May 2011, Triple J music director Richard Kingsmill announced that the station would be conducting another special Triple J Hottest 100 listener-voted poll the following month, counting down the best 100 albums by Australian artists.

Voting began on 6 June, and concluded on the evening of 26 June. The countdown was carried out over two weeks, starting on 28 June 2011, and finishing at 5pm on 10 July, with Brisbane band Powderfinger's 2000 album, Odyssey Number Five (which contained two Hottest 100 winning tracks; "These Days" in 1999 and "My Happiness" in 2000), announced at No. 1.

During the countdown, selected tracks were played from selected albums, with some other albums being aired in full, including each of the albums to make the top twenty.

Richard Kingsmill
Richard Kingsmill is an Australian radio announcer and music journalist. He worked for ABC radio station triple j from 1988 until his redundancy in December 2023, and was the station's longest-serving presenter. From 2017 he was  group music director of triple j, triple j Unearthed, Double J, ABC Country, and ABC Local Radio.
Bernard Gruenke
Bernard Otto Gruenke (February 17, 1913 – March 31, 2012) was an American stained glass artist who produced one of the first faceted (Dalle de Verre) glass windows in the United States in 1949. He was born in Sheboygan, Wisconsin.

Sheboygan, Wisconsin
Sheboygan (/ʃɪˈbɔɪɡən/) is a city in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. The population was 49,929 at the 2020 census, while the Sheboygan metropolitan area had 118,034 residents. The city is located on the western shore of Lake Michigan at the mouth of the Sheboygan River, about 50 miles (80 kilometers) north of Milwaukee and 64 miles (103 kilometers) south of Green Bay.
Přemysl Vlk
Přemysl Vlk (1982–2003) was a Czech slalom canoeist who competed at the international from 1997 until his death in 2003.

He won a gold medal in the C1 team event at the 2002 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in Bourg-Saint-Maurice and a silver medal in the same event at the 2000 European Championships in Mezzana.

Vlk died in a car crash on 13 July 2003 together with fellow Czech canoeist Daniel Vladař.

2002 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 2002 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held in Bourg St.-Maurice, France under the auspices of International Canoe Federation for the record-tying third time. It was the 27th edition. Bourg St.-Maurice hosted the championships previously in 1969 and 1987, and matches the times hosted by Spittal, Austria (1963, 1965, 1977) and Meran, Italy (1953, 1971, 1983). Beginning at these championships, this event would be held on an annual basis in non-Summer Olympic years. The 2001 championships were scheduled to take place in Ducktown, Tennessee (East of Chattanooga) in September that year on the canoe slalom course used for the 1996 Summer Olympics in neighboring Atlanta, but were cancelled in the wake of the September 11 attacks.
USS Verbena
USS Verbena was a small 104-ton steamer purchased  by the Union Navy towards the end of the American Civil War.

Verbena, outfitted with a 20-pounder Parrott rifle by the Navy, was placed in service as a gunboat and assigned to the blockade of the Confederate States of America. However, most of her service was as a tugboat and as a ship's tender.

Union navy
The Union navy is used to describe the United States Navy (USN) during the American Civil War, when it fought the Confederate States Navy (CSN). The term is sometimes used to describe vessels of war used on the rivers of the interior under the control of the Union army.
Leucadendron tinctum
Leucadendron tinctum, the spicy conebush, is a  flower-bearing shrub that belongs to the genus Leucadendron and forms part of the fynbos. The plant is native to the Western Cape, where it occurs in the Hex River Mountains up to Hottentots Holland Mountains and Langeberg. The shrub grows 1.3 m tall and bears flowers from July to August.

Fire destroys the plant but the seeds survive. The seeds are stored in a cone on the female plant and fall to the ground two months after the plant has flowered. The plant is unisexual and there are male and female plants. The fertilization is done by small beetles. The plant grows mainly in rocky or sandstone soils at heights of 300–1000 m.

In Afrikaans the plant is known as the toffie-appel tolbos.

Langeberg
The Langeberg Range is a mountain range in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Its highest peak is Keeromsberg at 2,072 m that lies 15 km northeast of the town of Worcester. Some of the highest peaks of the range are located just to the north of Swellendam, in a subrange known as the Clock Peaks whose highest point is the 1,710 m high Misty Point. Local lore states one can tell the time by means of the shadows cast by the seven summits of the Clock Peaks.
Fred Bergdinon
Frederick George Bergdinon (June 22, 1906 — March 4, 1995), also known as Fred Bourdginon, was a Canadian ice hockey right winger. He played two games for the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL) during the 1925–26 season.

Bourdginon was born in Parry Sound, Ontario. He played junior hockey for Parry Sound in the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA) from 1922 until 1924. He was signed as a free agent by Boston Bruins on December 14, 1925 and made a late appearance the following day, a 2-1 loss to the  played two games for the Bruins that season. His first game came on December 11 against the Pittsburgh Pirates, and the second was on December 15 against the Ottawa Senators.

Bourdginon died in a 1995 car crash, along with his son John.

Ontario Hockey Association
The Ontario Hockey Association (OHA) is the governing body for the majority of junior and senior level ice hockey teams in the province of Ontario. Founded in 1890, the OHA is sanctioned by the Ontario Hockey Federation along with the Northern Ontario Hockey Association. Other Ontario sanctioning bodies along with the OHF include the Hockey Eastern Ontario and Hockey Northwestern Ontario. The OHA controls three tiers of junior hockey; the "Tier 2 Junior "A", Junior "B" , Junior "C", and one senior hockey league, Allan Cup Hockey.

In 1980, the Ontario Major Junior Hockey League vacated what was known as Tier I Junior "A" hockey.  The league is now known as the Ontario Hockey League.  Although it is not a charter member of the OHA, the OHL is affiliated with the OHA and Ontario Hockey Federation.
Ted Chiang
Ted Chiang (Chinese: 姜峯楠; pinyin: Jiāng Fēngnán; born 1967) is an American science fiction writer. His work has won four Nebula awards, four Hugo awards, the John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer, and six Locus awards. He has published the short story collections Stories of Your Life and Others (2002) and Exhalation: Stories (2019). His short story "Story of Your Life" was the basis of the film Arrival (2016). He was an artist in residence at the University of Notre Dame from 2020 to 2021. Chiang is also a frequent non-fiction contributor to the New Yorker, where he writes on topics related to computing such as artificial intelligence.

Lady Churchill's Rosebud Wristlet
Lady Churchill's Rosebud Wristlet (LCRW) is a twice-yearly small press zine published by Small Beer Press, edited by Gavin Grant and Kelly Link. It contains an eclectic mix of fiction, poetry, and nonfiction, with an emphasis on speculative fiction, fantasy or slipstream. Link, Karen Joy Fowler, and Ursula K. Le Guin are among the most prominent of writers who have published in LCRW.

The first issue was produced during the winter of 1996–1997 "in an edition of 26 copies or so" and reprinted next year when Link's story from it won the James Tiptree Jr. Award.

In November 2006, the 19th issue was published (marking 10 years). In August 2007, The Best of Lady Churchill's Rosebud Wristlet (edited by Link and Grant, ISBN 0-345-49913-1) was published by Del Rey Books. In November 2007 the 21st issue came out.

LCRW was nominated for the 2007 Hugo Award for Best Semiprozine; several of its stories have been nominated for the major genre awards as well.
2009 Southeastern United States floods
The September 2009 Southeastern United States floods were a group of floods that affected several counties throughout northern Georgia, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Arkansas. The worst flooding occurred across the Atlanta metropolitan area. Continuous rain, spawned by moisture pulled from the Gulf of Mexico, fell faster than the local watersheds could drain the runoff.

Initial damages from around the state were estimated at $250 million. On September 26, Georgia Insurance Commissioner John Oxendine raised the estimated cost to $500 million with the potential for it to rise. Some 20,000 homes, businesses and other buildings received major damage and 17 Georgia counties received Federal Disaster Declarations. The flood is blamed for at least ten deaths.

The floods were historic, breaking records that went back more than a century in some locations. The Chattahoochee River, the largest river in the region, measured water levels at a 500-year flood level.

Gwinnett County, Georgia
Gwinnett County (/ɡwɪˈnɛt/ gwih-NET) is located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. It is a core county of Metro Atlanta, being located about 9 miles (14 km) northeast of Atlanta city limits. In 2020, the population was 957,062, making it the second-most populous county in Georgia (after Fulton County). Its county seat is Lawrenceville. The county is named for Button Gwinnett, one of the signatories of the Declaration of Independence.

Gwinnett County is the most ethnically diverse county in Georgia, with significant populations of Black, Hispanic, and Asian residents. As of the 2020 Census, no ethnicity constitutes more than a third of its population.
2023 Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards
The 2023 Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards was announced on 25 July 2024. The award is given each year, since 1958, by the Kerala Sahitya Akademi (Kerala Literary Academy), to Malayalam writers for their outstanding books of literary merit.

Kerala Sahitya Akademi
The Kerala Sahitya Akademi or Academy for Malayalam Literature is an autonomous body established to promote the Malayalam language and literature. It is situated in the city of Thrissur, Kerala in India.
Fencing at the 2023 Pan American Games
Fencing competitions at the 2023 Pan American Games in Santiago, Chile are scheduled to be held between October 30 and November 4, 2023. The fencing events will be held at the Paralympic Training Center, located in the National Stadium Park cluster in Santiago.

12 medal events are scheduled to be contested, in the three disciplines of épée, foil and sabre. In each discipline an individual and team event will be held for each gender. A total of 162 fencers qualified to compete at the games.

Foil (fencing)
A foil is one of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. It is a flexible weapon of total length 110 cm (43 in) or under, rectangular in cross section, weighing under 500 g (18 oz), with a blunt tip. As with the épée, points are only scored by making contact with the tip. The foil is the most commonly used weapon in fencing.
Summersville Lake
Summersville Lake is a reservoir located in the US state of West Virginia. The lake is formed by a rock-fill dam (Summersville Dam) on the Gauley River, south of Summersville in Nicholas County.  It is the largest lake in West Virginia, with a surface area of 2,700 acres (1,100 ha) and over 60 miles (97 km) of shoreline at the summer pool water level. Its maximum depth is 327 feet (100 m). Part of the northern shore of the lake is managed by the West Virginia State Park system.

Nicholas County, West Virginia
Nicholas County is a county located in the central region of U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 24,604. Its county seat is Summersville. The county was created in 1818 by the Virginia General Assembly and named for Virginia Governor Wilson Cary Nicholas.
Seven Stars Tavern (New Jersey)
Seven Stars Tavern is a historic building located at the junction of Sharptown-Swedesboro Road and Woodstown-Auburn Road in Pilesgrove Township of Salem County, New Jersey and near Woodstown. The building was built in 1762 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 17, 1976, for its significance in architecture, military, and social history. It is now a private residence.

Salem County, New Jersey
Salem County is the westernmost county in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Its western boundary is formed by the Delaware River, and it has the eastern terminus of the Delaware Memorial Bridge, which connects the county with New Castle, Delaware. Its county seat is Salem. The county is part of the South Jersey region of the state.

The county lies within the Philadelphia metropolitan area, also known as the Delaware Valley area. As of the 2020 census, the county retained its position as the state's least-populous county, with a population of 64,837, a decrease of 1,246 (−1.9%) from the 2010 census count of 66,083. The most populous place in Salem County is Pennsville Township with 12,684 residents as of the 2020 Census. Lower Alloways Creek Township covers 72.46 square miles (187.7 km2), the largest total area of any municipality.

Salem County, along with adjacent Gloucester County, also in South Jersey, have become an East Coast epicenter for logistics and warehouse construction.
Barbara Alred
Barbara Alred (31 October 1953 – December 1995) was a British gymnast. She competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics. Alred represented Saltaire Ladies Gymnastic Club in Shipley, West Yorkshire. In 1971, Alred won the All England Schoolgirls title. In 1972, she became a National Champion, resulting in her selection for the Olympics. She died of breast cancer in 1995.

Shipley, West Yorkshire
Shipley is a historic market town and civil parish in the City of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. Located on the River Aire and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, Shipley is directly north of the city of Bradford. The population of Shipley at the 2011 Census was 15,483.

Until 1974, Shipley was an urban district in the West Riding of Yorkshire. The town forms a continuous urban area with Bradford.
Respiratory pressure meter
A respiratory pressure meter measures the maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures that a patient can generate at either the mouth (MIP and MEP) or inspiratory pressure a patient can generate through their nose via a sniff maneuver (SNIP). These measurements require patient cooperation and are known as volitional tests of respiratory muscle strength. Handheld devices displaying the measurement achieved in centimetres of water pressure (cmH2O) and the pressure trace created, allow quick patient testing away from the traditional pulmonary laboratory and are useful for ward-based, out-patient and preoperative assessment, as well as for use by pulmonologists and physiotherapists.

The principal advantage of volitional tests is that they give an estimate of inspiratory or expiratory muscle strength, are simple to perform, and are well tolerated by patients.

Preoperative care
Preoperative care refers to health care provided before a surgical operation. Preoperative care aims to do whatever is right to increase the success of the surgery.

At some point before the operation, the healthcare provider will assess the fitness of the person to have surgery. This assessment should include whatever tests are indicated (e.g., to check the blood pressure or for signs of sepsis), but not include screening for conditions without an indication (e.g., to check for high cholesterol).

Immediately before surgery the person's body is prepared, perhaps by washing with an antiseptic, and if needed, their anxiety is addressed to make them comfortable.
Matthias Ballauff
Matthias Ballauff (born 13 July 1952) is a German chemist and physicist, and is a professor of physics at the Free University of Berlin. His postdoctoral research and training was directed by Paul Flory. He contributed to various areas of physical chemistry, in particular to polymer science, colloidal chemistry and nanomaterials, as well as to soft matter physics. Ballauff is particularly known for having developed new catalyst materials in the form of functionalized metallic nanoparticles dispersed in liquid phase, which can greatly speed up the reaction kinetics of organic molecules.

Polymer science
Polymer science or macromolecular science is a subfield of materials science concerned with polymers, primarily synthetic polymers such as plastics and elastomers.  The field of polymer science includes researchers in multiple disciplines including chemistry, physics, and engineering.
Direct carrier billing
Direct carrier billing (DCB) is an online mobile payment method which allows users to make purchases by charging payments to their mobile phone carrier bill.

Direct Carrier Billing is useful in mobile payments and interactive services for companies across media, charity, gaming, ticketing, mobility, and other digital services. It is especially effective in developing countries and undeveloped areas where credit card usage is not widespread. There are more than 1 billion adults that still remain unbanked or underbanked.

Underbanked
The underbanked is a characteristic describing people or organizations who do not (or volunteer to not) have sufficient access to mainstream financial services and products typically offered by retail banks and thus often deprived of banking services such as credit cards or loans. The underbanked can be characterized by a strong reliance on non-traditional forms of finance and micro-finance often associated with disadvantaged and the poor, such as cheque cashers, loan sharks and pawnbrokers.

Many people who are classified as underbanked may also have a language barrier, such as migrant workers, be unable to access banking facilities due to distance, such as the elderly, or simply feel uncomfortable using automated teller machines.

The underbanked are a distinct group from the unbanked, who are characterized by having no banking facilities at all.
Potenciano Aliño
Potenciano Aliño (c. 1864 – 1909) was a Filipino writer, translator, and revolutionary. He worked as a translator for newspapers in Cebu for works in Spanish and Cebuano. He is credited for having been the first person to translate Jose Rizal's Mi Ultimo Adios (Kataposan nga Panamilit) into the Cebuano language.

Potenciano, together with his brothers Felix, Hilario and Sulpicio fought as revolutionaries against the Spanish colonial rule. As generals of the Katipunan, Potenciano and his brothers staged an uprising in Talisay, Cebu but were ultimately repelled by the superior Spanish forces. However, their attacked inspired others to stage the Battle of Tres de Abril. He and his brothers also fought against the Americans during the Philippine-American war.

Battle of Tres de Abril
The Battle of Tres de Abril (Filipino: Labanan ng ikatatlo ng Abril, Cebuano: Sangka sa Ikatulo sa Abril, Spanish: Batalla del Tres de Abril) occurred in 3 April 1898, during the Philippine Revolution. It was fought in the city of Cebu, a month after the Revolt of Cebu began.