hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Georg-Wilhelm Postel
Georg-Wilhelm Postel (25 April 1896 – 20 September 1953) was a German general during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords of Nazi Germany.

Postel was taken prisoner by the Red Army on 30 August 1944 after the capitulation of Romania. Convicted as a war criminal in the Soviet Union, he was sentenced to 25 years of forced labour in 1949. Postel died in custody on 20 September 1953 of tuberculosis. He was interred in the prisoner of war cemetery in Shakhty.

Forced labour
Forced labour, or unfree labour, is any work relation, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, or violence, including death or other forms of extreme hardship to either themselves or members of their families.

Unfree labour includes all forms of slavery, penal labour, and the corresponding institutions, such as debt slavery, serfdom, corvée and labour camps.
Cretodytes
Cretodytes is an extinct genus of beetles in the family Dytiscidae, containing the following species:

Cretodytes incertus Prokin, Petrov, Wang & Ponomarenko, 2013 Doronino Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Barremian)

Cretodytes latipes Ponomarenko, 1977 Kzyl-Zhar, Kazakhstan, Late Cretaceous (Turonian)

Barremian
The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 125.77 Ma (million years ago) and 121.4 ± 0.6 Ma (Historically, this stage was placed at 129.4 million to approximately 125 million years ago). It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous Epoch (or Lower Cretaceous Series). It is preceded by the Hauterivian and followed by the Aptian Stage.
Bearwallow Run
Bearwallow Run is a tributary of Shingle Mill Run in Sullivan County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 1.3 miles (2.1 km) long and flows through Davidson Township, Sullivan County, Pennsylvania. The watershed of the stream has an area of 1.02 square miles (2.6 km2). The stream is considered to be Class B Wild Trout Waters and wild trout reproduce naturally within it. The surficial geology in the area mainly consists of bedrock and Boulder Colluvium.

Sullivan County, Pennsylvania
Sullivan County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,840, making it the second-least populous county in Pennsylvania. Its county seat is Laporte. The county was created on March 15, 1847, from part of Lycoming County and named for Major General John Sullivan. The county is part of the Northeast Pennsylvania region of the state.
Luke Kempner
Luke Garrod Kempner (born 5 June 1987) is an English impressionist, comedian and actor. After appearing in various films and musicals, he established a career in comedy, developing his own stand-up comedy show, and has since appeared as an impressionist on numerous sketch shows including Newzoids (2016), Tracey Ullman's Show (2017), Murder in Successville (2017), Spitting Image (2020–2021), The Last Leg (2021) and Deep Fake Neighbour Wars (2023), as well as appearing regularly on Big Brother's Bit on the Side (2016–2018).

ITV2
ITV2 is a British free-to-air public broadcast television channel owned by ITV plc. It was launched on 7 December 1998. For a number of years, it had the largest audience share after the five analogue terrestrial stations, a claim now held by its sister service ITV3 both of which are freely available to a majority of households.

The channel is primarily aimed at the 16–34 age group, similar to BBC Three and E4, and is known for American programming such as adult animations Family Guy, American Dad! and Bob's Burgers; repeats of recently aired episodes of soap operas and other entertainment programming from ITV such as Coronation Street, Emmerdale and Catchphrase; original comedy such as Celebrity Juice and Plebs; and reality formats such as Big Brother and Love Island.
Black Up
Black Up is the debut studio album by American hip hop duo Shabazz Palaces.  It was released on June 28, 2011, in the United States on Sub Pop. The album was produced by Knife Knights at Gunbeat Serenade Studio in Outplace Palacelands."

Sub Pop
Sub Pop is an independent record label founded in 1986 in Seattle by Bruce Pavitt and Jonathan Poneman. Sub Pop achieved fame in the early 1990s for signing Seattle bands such as Nirvana, Soundgarden, and Mudhoney, central players in the grunge movement. They are often credited with helping popularize grunge music. The label's roster includes Fleet Foxes, Tad, Beach House, The Postal Service, Sleater-Kinney, Flight of the Conchords, Foals, Blitzen Trapper, Father John Misty, clipping., Shabazz Palaces, Weyes Blood, Guerilla Toss, Bully,  La Luz, Low, METZ, Rolling Blackouts Coastal Fever, Kiwi Jr., Built to Spill, TV Priest and The Shins. In 1995, the owners of Sub Pop sold a 49% stake of the label to the Warner Music Group.
Frankie Welch
Frankie Welch (March 29, 1924 – September 2, 2021) was an American fashion designer from Rome, Georgia. She is primarily known for designing scarves for prominent political figures, which she sold from her boutique in Alexandria, Virginia. After a career as a home economics teacher that spanned nearly two decades, Welch began working as a fashion consultant. Developing a clientele, she moved into designing accessories and then dresses. Welch was the designer of a dress worn by First Lady Betty Ford, which is now on display in the Smithsonian's First Ladies' Hall in the National Museum of American History. She also designed dresses on display at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.

Fashion accessory
In fashion, an accessory is an item used to contribute, in a secondary manner, to an individual's outfit. Accessories are often chosen to complete an outfit and complement the wearer's look. They have the capacity to further express an individual's identity and personality. Accessories come in different shapes, sizes, hues, etc. The term came into use in the 16th century.
Secret handshake
A secret handshake is a distinct form of handshake or greeting which indicates membership in or loyalty to a club, clique or subculture.  The typical secret handshake involves placing one's fingers or thumbs in a particular position, one that will be recognized by fellow members while seeming to be a normal handshake to non-members. This is most frequently associated in the popular consciousness with college fraternities, fraternal orders and secret societies.

Subculture
In the sociology of culture, a subculture is a group of people within a cultural society that differentiates itself from the values of the mainstream or dominant culture (or superculture) to which it belongs, often maintaining some of its founding principles. Subcultures develop their own norms and values regarding cultural, political, and sexual matters. Subcultures coexist within mainstream society while keeping their specific characteristics intact.

Since its inception in the English-speaking world (primarily North America and the United Kingdom) during the 1940s–1950s, the concept and study of subcultures was developed in the academic fields of sociology, communication studies, and cultural studies. Examples of subcultures include punks, skinheads, Teddy Boys, mods, rockers, bikers, hip-hoppers, and more. Subcultures differ from countercultures.
Morwell railway station
Morwell railway station is a regional railway station on the Gippsland line, part of the Victorian railway network. It serves the town of Morwell, in Victoria, Australia. Morwell station is a ground level unstaffed station, featuring two side platforms. It opened on 1 June 1877.

In 2025, the disused track opposite platform 1, which was used in the past when State Electricity Commission and rail freight trains were more common, was converted to a second side platform.

Two branch lines exist at the down end of the station; the Maryvale paper mill branch, and the Energex briquette branch. The former is regularly used for paper trains each weekday, while the latter is not in use. The Energex briquette branch originally opened to traffic in 1951.

Briquette
A briquette (French: [bʁikɛt]; in English also spelled briquet or brickette) is a compressed block of coal dust or other combustible biomass material (e.g. charcoal, sawdust, wood chips, peat, or paper) used for fuel and kindling to start a fire. The term is a diminutive derived from the French word brique, meaning brick.
Costa Rican Constitution of 1847
The Political Constitution of the State of Costa Rica was promulgated on February 10, 1847 under the interim government of José María Alfaro Zamora who convened a Constituent Assembly for that purpose through elections on August 23, 1846.

This was the first Constitution that established the figure of the Vice President, as well as two ministers; of Relations, Governance, Justice and Ecclesiastical Businesses and of Finance, Public Education, War and Navy. The municipalities are also restricted to mentioning that there will be one Governor per Department.

In 1848, a series of reforms to the Constitution were carried out, again via the Constituent Assembly, which, among other things, changed the name of the country of State of Costa Rica to the Republic of Costa Rica and granted greater powers to the Executive Branch, especially in matters of public appointments. and administrative decisions, that is, it is getting closer and closer to presidentialism.

Vice President of Costa Rica
The 1949 Constitution of Costa Rica established two vice-presidencies of Costa Rica, which are directly elected through a popular vote on a ticket with the president for a period of four years, with no immediate re-election. There have been various incarnations of the office. Vice presidents replace the president in cases of temporary or permanent absence.
Left Bank Books (St. Louis)
Left Bank Books is an independent bookstore located at 399 N. Euclid Street in the Central West End neighborhood of St. Louis, Missouri. It is the oldest independently operated bookstore in St. Louis. It was founded by students in 1969 as a leftist collective to sell underground, counter-cultural, feminist, and anti-establishment books, newspapers, and magazines—the first to do so in the St. Louis region. It was the first bookstore with its name in the United States, and the first exhibiting gallery for children's book illustrator Mary Engelbreit. Left Bank Books sponsors reading groups, book signings, author appearances, and community literary activities. In 2015 the Washington Post named it one of the best bookstores in the United States and in 2017 Real Simple magazine has called Left Bank Books the best bookstore in the state of Missouri.

Collective
A collective is a group of entities that share or are motivated by at least one common issue or interest or work together to achieve a common objective. Collectives can differ from cooperatives in that they are not necessarily focused upon an economic benefit or saving, though they can be.

The term "collective" is sometimes used to describe a species as a whole—for example, the human collective.

For political purposes, a collective is defined by decentralized, or "majority-rules" decision-making styles.
Lamina terminalis
The lamina terminalis is a thin layer that forms the median portion of the wall of the forebrain. It stretches from the interventricular foramen (foramen of Monro) to the recess at the base of the optic stalk (optic nerve) and contains the vascular organ of the lamina terminalis, which regulates the osmotic concentration of the blood. The lamina terminalis is immediately anterior to the tuber cinereum; together they form the pituitary stalk.

The lamina terminalis can be opened via endoscopic neurosurgery in an attempt to create a path that cerebrospinal fluid can flow through when a person has hydrocephalus and when it is not possible to perform an endoscopic third ventriculostomy, but the effectiveness of this technique is not certain.

This is the rostral end (tip) of the neural tube (embryological central nervous system) in the early weeks of development. Failure of the lamina terminalis to close properly at this stage of development will result in anencephaly or meroencephaly.

Osmotic concentration
Osmotic concentration, formerly known as osmolarity, is the measure of solute concentration, defined as the number of osmoles (Osm) of solute per litre (L) of solution (osmol/L or Osm/L). The osmolarity of a solution is usually expressed as Osm/L (pronounced "osmolar"), in the same way that the molarity of a solution is expressed as "M" (pronounced "molar").

Whereas molarity measures the number of moles of solute per unit volume of solution, osmolarity measures the number of particles on dissociation of osmotically active material (osmoles of solute particles) per unit volume of solution. This value allows the measurement of the osmotic pressure of a solution and the determination of how the solvent will diffuse across a semipermeable membrane (osmosis) separating two solutions of different osmotic concentration.
Silsesquioxane
A silsesquioxane is an organosilicon compound with the chemical formula [RSiO3/2]n  (R = H, alkyl, aryl, alkenyl or alkoxyl.). Silsesquioxanes are colorless solids that adopt cage-like or polymeric structures with Si-O-Si linkages and tetrahedral Si vertices.  Silsesquioxanes are members of polyoctahedral silsesquioxanes ("POSS"), which have attracted attention as preceramic polymer precursors to ceramic materials and nanocomposites. Diverse substituents (R) can be attached to the Si centers.  The molecules are unusual because they feature an inorganic silicate core and an organic exterior.  The silica core confers rigidity and thermal stability.

Hydrosilylation
Hydrosilylation, also called catalytic hydrosilation, describes the addition of Si-H bonds across unsaturated bonds. Ordinarily the reaction is conducted catalytically and usually the substrates are unsaturated organic compounds. Alkenes and alkynes give alkyl and vinyl silanes; aldehydes and ketones give silyl ethers, while esters provide alkyl silyl mixed acetals.  Hydrosilylation has been called the "most important application of platinum in homogeneous catalysis."
G-flat major
G-flat major is a major scale based on G♭, consisting of the pitches G♭, A♭, B♭, C♭, D♭, E♭, and F. Its key signature has six flats.

Its relative minor is E-flat minor (or enharmonically D-sharp minor). Its parallel minor, G-flat minor, is usually replaced by F-sharp minor, since G-flat minor's two double-flats make it generally impractical to use. Its enharmonic equivalent, F-sharp major, contains six sharps.

The G-flat major scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The G-flat harmonic major and melodic major scales are:

Harmonic major scale
The harmonic major scale is major scale with a lowered sixth. It is a hybrid of the major and harmonic minor scales.

Harmonic major scales are commonly used in jazz and have corollaries in Indian ragas.
Sigma 60-600mm f/4.5-6.3 DG OS HSM lens
The Sigma 60-600mm f/4.5-6.3 DG lens is a super-telephoto zoom lens produced by Sigma Corporation since 2018. It succeeds an earlier 10× zoom lens (50–500mm) which was introduced by Sigma in 2000 and is commonly known as the "Bigma". It is aimed at advanced consumers. The 60–600mm lens is produced in two versions: one exclusively for single lens reflex cameras, with Canon EF mount, Nikon F mount, and Sigma SA mount versions, named the 60–600mm F4.5-6.3 DG OS HSM | S, and one exclusively for mirrorless cameras, in Leica L-Mount and Sony E-mount versions, named the 60–600mm F4.5-6.3 DG DN OS | S.

Consumer
A consumer is a person or a group who intends to order, or use purchased goods, products, or services primarily for personal, social, family, household and similar needs, who is not directly related to entrepreneurial or business activities.  The term most commonly refers to a person who purchases goods and services for personal use.
Treasure Valley Casino
Treasure Valley is a Native American casino located in the Arbuckle Mountains of Davis, Oklahoma in the south-central part of the state. Owned and operated by the Chickasaw Nation, the gaming center was opened in July 2003. The Inn at Treasure Valley is a 59-room hotel has an indoor swimming pool and jacuzzi, continental breakfast, exercise room and dry sauna, as well as four conference rooms.
Overlooking the Washita River Valley and located along Interstate-35 and Highway 7 at Exit 55, the 19,666 sq ft (1,827.0 m2) Treasure Valley Casino is near several other key attractions in the area. It is 5.5 miles from Turner Falls and the Arbuckle Wilderness Exotic Animal Theme Park, and 13 miles from the Chickasaw Cultural Center. Treasure Valley is approximately 55 miles south of Norman, Oklahoma which is home to the Nation's sister gaming facility, Riverwind Casino, and 50 miles north of WinStar World Casino in Thackerville, Oklahoma.

Chickasaw Cultural Center
The Chickasaw Cultural Center is a campus located in Sulphur, Oklahoma, near the Chickasaw National Recreation Area. Its 184-acre (74 ha) campus is home to historical museum buildings with interactive exhibits on Chickasaw tribal history, traditional dancing, and Chickasaw language. The campus includes a historically accurate traditional tribal village recreated in the rear lot and a garden honoring members of the Chickasaw Nation Hall of Fame. It is one of two museum campuses presented by the Chickasaw Nation, the other being the First Americans Museum in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
Guba (woreda)
Guba is one of the 20 woredas in the Benishangul-Gumuz Region of Ethiopia. It is named after the former Sultanate of Gubba. Part of the Metekel Zone, Guba is bordered by the Abay River on the south which separates it from the Kamashi Zone, Sudan on the west, Amhara Region on the north, Dangur on the east, and on the southeast by the Beles River, which separates it from Wenbera. Towns in Guba include Mankush. A refugee camp for displaced persons from Sudan operated in this woreda at Yarenja until all of its inhabitants were repatriated and the camp closed 28 March 2007.

Beles River
The Beles (Kusa in Gumuz language) is a river of western Ethiopia. The Beles, a tributary of the Abay River (Blue Nile), originates in Dangur woreda and flows southwest to its confluence. Its catchment area amounts to about 14,200 square kilometers.
Regional anthems of Finland
Regional anthems of Finland (Finnish: Suomen maakuntalaulut, Swedish: Finländska landskapssånger) are songs which were composed or later selected to be anthems of Finland's historical provinces and current regions. The best known regional anthems in Finland are Karjalaisten laulu (anthem of North Karelia and South Karelia) and Nälkämaan laulu (anthem of Kainuu).

The oldest regional anthem in Finland, Savolaisen laulu, was born out of patriotism when laws limiting publishing and Finnish student nations were passed in the Grand Duchy of Finland in the 1850s. This first regional anthem also worked as a model for the others with its structure, with depictions of the region's history, nature and people. Just like Savolaisen laulu, many other regional anthems were later created for student nations around the country, as well as other societies.

Kainuu
Kainuu (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈkɑi̯nuː]; Swedish: Kajanaland) is one of the 19 regions of Finland (Finnish: maakunta; Swedish: landskap). Kainuu borders the regions of North Ostrobothnia, North Savo and North Karelia. In the east, it also borders Russia (Republic of Karelia).

Culturally, Kainuu is part of the larger Eastern-Finnish cultural heritage. The dialect of Kainuu resembles Savonian and Karelian dialects.
Bev Pike
Bev Pike is a Winnipeg-based visual artist who paints large (2.5 x 6.1 m/8 x 20 ft) cinematic baroque landforms. Grottesque, her current work on climate catastrophe, is a series of interconnected underground sanctuaries based on seventeenth century English shell grottos. Pike also has created video art and publishes artist books as well as opinion pieces for CBC, MSN, and the Winnipeg Free Press, Globe & Mail among others.

CBC News
CBC News is the division of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation responsible for the news gathering and production of news programs on the corporation's English-language operations, including CBC Television, CBC Radio, CBC News Network, and CBC.ca. Founded in 1941 by the public broadcaster, CBC News is the largest news broadcaster in Canada and has local, regional, and national broadcasts and stations. It frequently collaborates with its organizationally separate French-language counterpart, Radio-Canada Info.
HMAS Parramatta Shipwreck and Memorials
HMAS Parramatta Shipwreck and Memorials is a heritage-listed shipwreck at Cascade Gully, Hawkesbury River, Bar Point, Central Coast, New South Wales, Australia. The heritage listing also includes three related memorials, two at Queens Wharf Reserve in Parramatta and one at Garden Island in Sydney. The original HMAS Parramatta was commissioned in 1910, paid off in 1928, and wrecked in 1934. The bow and stern sections were subsequently converted into memorials, while the third memorial relates to the second HMAS Parramatta, sunk in service at Tobruk in World War II. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 15 December 2006.

HMAS Swan (D61)
HMAS Swan was a River-class torpedo-boat destroyer of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). One of six built for the RAN, Swan was built at Cockatoo Island Dockyard, and entered service in 1916. The early part of the ship's career was spent on blockade duty in the Far East, before she was transferred to the Mediterranean for anti-submarine duty. Apart from performing shore bombardment during the Second Battle of Durazzo, Swan's wartime career was uneventful.

The destroyer was placed in reserve in 1920, but was reactivated between 1925 and 1927 and assigned to Tasmania. Swan was decommissioned in 1928, stripped of parts, and sold for use as prisoner accommodation on the Hawkesbury River. After changing hands several times, the hull sank during gale conditions in 1934.
Zach Bates
Zachary Richard Bates (born 8 April 2004) is an Australian racing driver who competes in the Super2 Series for Eggleston Motorsport. The son of former rally driver and V8 Supercars regular Rick, Bates was runner-up in the 2022 Toyota Gazoo Racing Australia 86 Series and the 2024 Super2 Series champion. Zach is the nephew of 4-time Australian Rally Champion Neal Bates. He is also the cousin of 3-time Australian Rally Champion Harry Bates, and cousin of Lewis Bates, also an Australian Rally Champion.

Super2 Series
The Dunlop Super2 Series (formerly known as Dunlop Series, Fujitsu V8 Supercars Series, HPDC V8 Supercars Series, Konica Minolta V8 Supercars Series and Konica V8 Supercars/Lites Series) is an Australian touring car racing competition, specifically the second tier series for Supercars competitors. Competing vehicles are older than those utilised in the Supercars Championship series and are usually run by smaller teams with lower budgets.

The vast majority of drivers in the Supercars Championship have raced at least one season in the Super2 Series Championship.  For parts of its history, competing in the Super2 Series was required for most drivers to qualify for a Motorsport Australia Superlicence, which is required to compete in the Supercars Championship, or was enforced as a separate requirement by the Supercars Championship organisers.