hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sandra Horst
Sandra Horst is a Canadian pianist, vocal coach, and choral conductor. She is the chorus master at the Canadian Opera Company. She was profiled in the July 2009 issue of Opera News. She graduated with honors from Wilfrid Laurier University with a Bachelor of Music degree in Piano Performance. She later earned a Masters of Music in Accompaniment from New England Conservatory and earned a diploma in accompaniment from the professional studies program at the Juilliard School. She is a tenured music professor at the University of Toronto. She has previously served on the staffs of the Banff Centre for the Arts, the Boston Lyric Opera, the Chautauqua Institute, Juilliard Opera Center, Opera Hamilton, Opera Saskatchewan, and the Opera Theatre of Saint Louis.

Banff Centre for Arts and Creativity
Banff Centre for Arts and Creativity (formerly Banff Centre) is an arts and culture educational institution in Banff, Alberta.

It offers arts programs in the performing and fine arts, as well as leadership training. It was established in 1933 as the Banff School of Drama. It was granted full autonomy as a non-degree granting post-secondary educational institution in 1978. Banff Centre is a member of the Alberta Rural Development Network.

On June 23, 2016, Banff Centre announced a new name: Banff Centre for Arts and Creativity.
Coniagas Mine
The Coniagas Mine is an abandoned silver mine in Cobalt, Ontario, Canada, located on the western side of Cobalt Lake. The mine was discovered in May 1903 by William Griffith Trethewey. The claim was sold to R. W. Leonard of St. Catharines Ontario and placed into production in 1904. The mine and the associated Coniagas Reduction Works of St Catharines operated until 1924 when known reserves were exhausted. The Coniagas Group was noted in mining circles being involved in the establishment of the Coniaurum Mine in Timmins and the Sturgeon River Mine in Geraldton Ontario.

Cobalt, Ontario
Cobalt is a town in Timiskaming District, Ontario, Canada.  It had a population of 989 at the 2021 census.

In the early 1900s, the area was heavily mined for silver; the silver ore also contained cobalt. By 1910, the community was the fourth highest producer of silver in the world. Mining declined significantly by the 1930s, together with the local population. In late 2017 one publication referred to Cobalt as a ghost town, but the high demand for cobalt, used in making batteries for mobile devices and electric vehicles, is leading to great interest in the area among mining companies.
In the Days of Daniel Boone
In the Days of Daniel Boone is a 1923 American silent Western film serial directed by William James Craft. The 15-episode serial is considered to be lost. A trailer is included in the DVD More Treasures from American Film Archives, 1894-1931: 50 Films.

William James Craft
William James Craft (1886 – 30 June 1931) was a Canadian film director and screenwriter. He directed more than 60 films between 1910 and 1931. He is also credited with writing for 12 films between 1920 and 1928. Craft was born in Toronto and died in 1931 from injuries received in an auto accident.
Nonazochis
Nonazochis is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by Hans Georg Amsel in 1956. It contains only one species, Nonazochis graphialis, described by William Schaus in 1912, which is found in Costa Rica and Honduras.

Hans Georg Amsel
Hans Georg Amsel (29 March 1905 – 20 October 1999) was a German entomologist with four publications ranging from 1951 to 1962. His home town was Cologne, although he frequently was in Kiel.  His original job was in the banking industry, and he later worked in a bookstore.  After quitting his job as bookstore worker, he decided to follow his heart and transfer to zoology, where he became an entomologist. His specific profession was studying Lepidoptera. "Soon after he was appointed as Head of Department of Entomology at the Colonial and Overseas museum called to Bremen, then rendered military service and, worked as a private scholar, he came as entomologist at the State Collections of Natural History in Karlsruhe," states a letter for his 60th birthday from the Journal of the Entomological Society of Vienna. During Amsel's career, he authored about twenty-six different Lepidoptera species and genera, and published four books.
Karl Widmark
Karl Widmark (June 16, 1911 – October 14, 1995) was a Swedish sprint canoeist competing for Västerås canoeing club in the late 1930s. He won two gold medals at the 1938 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Vaxholm, earning them in the K-1 1000 m and K-1 10000 m events.

Vaxholm
Vaxholm is a city, urban area and the seat of Vaxholm Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden. It occupies bigger amount of islands of which the most populated are Vaxön, Resarö, Rindö and Kullö which is known for its nature reserve. The name Vaxholm comes from Vaxholm Fortress, which was constructed in 1549 on the adjacent islet of Vaxholmen.

For historical reasons it has always been referred to as a city, despite the small number of inhabitants, which as of 2020 total was 6,151. Vaxholm Municipality prefers to use the designation Vaxholms stad (City of Vaxholm) for its whole territory, including 64 islets in the Stockholm archipelago, a usage which is somewhat confusing.
James G. Berret
James Gabriel Berret (February 12, 1815 – April 14, 1901) was an American politician who served as a Maryland state legislator from 1837 to 1839 and again in 1891 and as the eighteenth Mayor of Washington, District of Columbia, from 1858 to 1861, when he was forced to resign from office after being jailed by the Lincoln administration for sedition. He was also President of the Electoral College in 1888.

Sedition
Sedition is overt conduct, such as speech or organization, that tends toward rebellion against the established order. Sedition often includes subversion of a constitution and incitement of discontent toward, or insurrection against, established authority. Sedition may include any commotion, though not aimed at direct and open violence against the laws. Seditious words in writing are seditious libel. A seditionist is one who engages in or promotes the interest of sedition.

Because sedition is overt, it is typically not considered a subversive act, and the overt acts that may be prosecutable under sedition laws vary by jurisdiction.
Flowserve
The Flowserve Corporation is an American multinational corporation and one of the largest suppliers of industrial and environmental machinery such as pumps, valves, end face mechanical seals, automation, and services to the power, oil, gas, chemical and other industries. Headquartered in Irving, Texas, which is in the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex, Flowserve employs close to 16,000 employees in more than 50 countries. Flowserve sells products and offers aftermarket services to engineering and construction firms, original equipment manufacturers, distributors, and end users. The Flowserve brand name originated in 1997 with a merger of BW/IP (Borg-Warner/IP International) and Durco International.

Original equipment manufacturer
An original equipment manufacturer (OEM) is a company that produces parts and equipment that may be marketed by another company. However, the term is ambiguous, with several other common meanings: an OEM can be the maker of a system that includes other companies' subsystems, an end-product producer, an automotive part that is manufactured by the same company that produced the original part used in the automobile's assembly, or a value-added reseller.
OEM manufacturing is also widely used in the packaging industry, particularly in the production of customized gift boxes for wine and spirits. These OEM producers allow brands to create unique holiday packaging without maintaining their own manufacturing facilities.
1961 New South Wales referendum
A referendum concerning the abolition of the New South Wales Legislative Council was put to New South Wales voters on 29 April 1961. The abolition was specifically rejected by voters.
The text of the question was:

Do you approve of the Bill entitled "A Bill for an Act to Abolish the Legislative Council to provide that another Legislative Council shall not be created, constituted or established nor shall any Chamber, Assembly or House, other than the Legislative Assembly, designed to form part of the Legislative Parliament of New South Wales, be created, constituted or established until a bill for the purpose has been approved by the electors in a referendum to amend the Constitution Act, 1902 and certain other Acts; and for purposes connected therewith."

Supreme Court of New South Wales
The Supreme Court of New South Wales is the highest state court of the Australian state of New South Wales. It has unlimited jurisdiction within the state in civil matters, and hears the most serious criminal matters. Whilst the Supreme Court is the highest New South Wales court in the Australian court hierarchy, an appeal by special leave can be made to the High Court of Australia.

Matters of appeal can be submitted to the New South Wales Court of Appeal and Court of Criminal Appeal, both of which are constituted by members of the Supreme Court, in the case of the Court of Appeal from those who have been commissioned as judges of appeal.

The Supreme Court consists of 52 permanent judges, including the Chief Justice of New South Wales, currently Andrew Bell, the President of the Court of Appeal, 10 Judges of Appeal, the Chief Judge at Common Law, and the Chief Judge in Equity.

The Supreme Court's central location is the Law Courts Building in Queen's Square, Sydney.
Okhandya Range
The Okhandya Range (Russian: Охандя or Оханджа) is a mountain range in Magadan Oblast, Far Eastern Federal District, Russia. The nearest airfield is Susuman Airport.

The name of the range originated in the Even language.

Far Eastern Federal District
The Far Eastern Federal District (Russian: Дальневосточный федеральный округ, IPA: [dəlʲnʲɪvɐˈstot͡ɕnɨj fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnɨj ˈokrʊk]) is the largest and the least populated federal district of Russia, with a population of around 7.9 million and an area of 6,952,555 square kilometres (2,684,396 square miles). The federal district is within North Asia as per the UN geoscheme and it is coextensive with the Russian Far East.
Blue Mound Golf & Country Club
Blue Mound Golf & Country Club is a country club in the north central United States, located in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, a suburb west of Milwaukee. The golf course was designed by Seth Raynor.

The club hosted the PGA Championship in 1933, the Western Open in 1916, and the Women's Western Open in 1940, where Babe Zaharias defeated Mrs. Russell Mann in the 36-hole final of match play, 5 and 4. In the late 1990s, the course was restored by Tom Doak's Renaissance Design under the supervision of architect Bruce Hepner.

Blue Mound hosted the 2010 Western Junior, won by Patrick Rogers. It was also the second course for the first two rounds of the U.S. Amateur in 2011; the primary venue was Erin Hills, site of the U.S. Open in 2017.

Western Junior
The Western Junior is the oldest national junior golf tournament in the United States. It was founded in 1914 and is organized by the Western Golf Association. It is played at a different course each year, primarily in the midwest. From 1914 to 1998, it was played with stroke play qualifying followed by a match play championship. Since 1999, it has been a 72-hole stroke play tournament.

The championship was first played in 1914 at Chicago Golf Club in Wheaton, Illinois and was won by Charles Grimes.

The Western Junior draws the top junior players from more than 40 states and internationally each year. The field is limited to 156 entrants. Exemptions into the Western Amateur are awarded to the top three finishers and ties. The tournament has been a testing ground for stars of the future, such as current PGA Tour golfers Collin Morikawa, Scottie Scheffler, and Rickie Fowler, and veterans Tiger Woods, Phil Mickelson, Hunter Mahan, Corey Pavin, and Fred Couples.
Achilleas Kaimakli FC
Achilleas Kaimakli FC was a Cypriot football club based in Kaimakli, Nicosia. Founded in 1957, it played in the second, third and fourth divisions. The team dissolved after 1988. The team was part of the sports club Achilleas Kaimakli.

Kaimakli
Kaimakli (Greek: Καϊμακλί [kaimaˈkli]; Turkish: Kaymaklı or Büyük Kaymaklı [ˈbyjyc kajmakˈɫɯ]) is a large northeastern suburb of Nicosia, Cyprus. Since 1968, it belongs to the Municipality of Nicosia. Its population in 2011 was 11,564. The neighbourhood is divided by the green line, with the northern part of the suburb Kuchuk Kaimakli / Omorfita (Greek: Ομορφίτα [omorˈfita]; Turkish: Küçük Kaymaklı [cyˈtʃyc kajmakˈɫɯ]) lying in the north of the green line.
Antonio Maria Abbatini
Antonio Maria Abbatini (c. 1609 or 1610 – c. 1677 or 1679) was an Italian composer, active mainly in Rome.

Abbatini was born in Città di Castello. He served as maestro di cappella at the Basilica of St. John Lateran from 1626 to 1628; at the cathedral in Orvieto in 1633; and at Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome between 1640 and 1646, 1649 to 1657, and 1672 to 1677. He composed church music, and published three books of Masses, four of Psalms, various 24-part Antiphons (1630, 1638, 1677), five books of Motets (1635), and a dramatic cantata, Il Pianto di Rodomonte (1633). He also worked with Athanasius Kircher on the Musurgia Universalis.

In addition, he produced three operas: Dal male il bene (Rome, 1654; in collaboration with Marco Marazzoli), which was one of the earliest comic operas, and historically important as it introduced the final ensemble; Ione (Vienna, 1666); and La comica del cielo, also called La Baltasara (Rome, 1668).

Antonio Cesti was among his pupils.

Church music
Church music is a genre of Christian music written for performance in church, or any musical setting of ecclesiastical liturgy, or music set to words expressing propositions of a sacred nature, such as a hymn.
Święty Kamień, Elbląg County
Święty Kamień (Polish pronunciation: [ˈɕfjɛntɨ ˈkamjɛj̃]) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Tolkmicko, within Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) east of Tolkmicko, 31 km (19 mi) north-east of Elbląg, and 85 km (53 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Elbląg County
Elbląg County (Polish: powiat elbląski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Elbląg, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains three towns: Pasłęk, 18 km (11 mi) east of Elbląg, Tolkmicko, 27 km (17 mi) north of Elbląg, and Młynary, 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Elbląg.

The county covers an area of 1,430.55 square kilometres (552.3 sq mi). In 2019, its total population was 57,395, of which the population of Pasłęk was 12,160, that of Tolkmicko was 2,689, that of Młynary was 1,772, and the rural population was 40,774.
German submarine U-621
German submarine U-621 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II.
She was laid down on 1 July 1941 by Blohm & Voss in Hamburg as yard number 597, launched on 19 March 1942 and commissioned on 7 May 1942 under Kapitänleutnant Horst Schünemann.

Kapitänleutnant
Kapitänleutnant, short: KptLt/in lists: KL, (English: captain lieutenant or lieutenant captain) is an officer grade of the captains' military hierarchy group (German: Hauptleute) of the modern German Bundeswehr. The rank is rated OF-2 in NATO, and equivalent to Hauptmann in the Heer and Luftwaffe. It is grade A11 or A12 in the pay rules of the Federal Ministry of Defence.

The rank first appeared in the German Empire and continued in use through the Weimar Republic and into the Third Reich.
Martin Eder
Martin Eder (born 31 August 1968 in Augsburg) is a German artist.

From 1986 until 1992, he studied at the Augsburg University of Applied Sciences, and from 1993 until 1995 continued his studies at the Academy of Fine Arts Nuremberg, attending the University of Kassel in 1995 and 1996. From 1996 until 1999 he studied under Eberhard Bosslet at the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts and was a master student under Professor Bosslet from 1991 until 2001. Eder lives and works in Berlin. He plays in his own experimental rock band under the name Richard Ruin et Les Demoniaques.

Technical University of Applied Sciences Augsburg
Technical University of Applied Sciences Augsburg (German: Technische Hochschule Augsburg or simply THA) is a public university located in Augsburg, Germany. It was founded in 1971, but its institutional roots as an academy of arts date back to 1670. With more than 7,000 students it is one of the largest institutions of its kind in Bavaria. 185 professors as well as 408 lecturers in 7 faculties are employed in the university. Currently, 23 undergraduate and 22 graduate degree programmes are offered.

It hosts the Bibliotheca Augustana website, which features a catalogue of electronic texts.
Palestinian archaeology
Palestinian archaeology is the study of archaeology in present-day Palestine, stretching from prehistory through three millennia of documented history. Besides its centrality to the study of biblical archaeology, the region of ancient Palestine is one of the most important to an understanding of the history of the earliest peoples of the Stone Age. Palestinian archaeology is marked by a degree of acrimony not shared in other area studies in the field between archaeologists who see biblical scriptures as legitimate historical documents and scientific archaeologists who see the hard data from excavations as being incompatible with the biblical "historical" record.

Palestinian archaeology also refers to the practice of archaeology by Palestinians, both in the region of Palestine and the present day state of Palestine. Palestinian contributions to the study of archaeology in their own homeland have been obscured, and continue to be sidelined by the Israeli occupation.

Stephan Hanna Stephan
Stephan Hanna Stephan (Arabic: ستيفان هانا ستيفان; 1894–1949), also St H Stephan, was a Palestinian writer, translator and radio broadcaster of history and folklore in Palestine. Besides publishing original articles, travel guides and phrasebooks in English and German, and broadcasting in Arabic, Stephan also produced several translations of books and inscriptions, utilizing his fluency in all these languages, as well as Ottoman Turkish and Syriac. Educated at the Schneller School, a German Protestant orphanage that operated in Jerusalem, he worked for the Mandatory Palestine authorities, first in the Treasury, and then in the Department of Antiquities.
Letter to the Himyarites
The Letter to the Himyarites was a letter sent by Jacob of Serugh to the Christian community of Najran to console them during the persecutions against them by the Jewish Himyaritic king, Dhu Nuwas. Jacob's letter came as one of many responses to the massacre, which was a moment of international outrage among Christian communities. Jacob's letter was meant to draw a wide and non-elite readership and may have be associated with the interest of the Miaphysite Church in the Arabian peninsula.

A Syriac edition of Jacob's letter was published by Gunnar Olinder in 1937. The letter is itemized and sometimes referred to as Letter 18.

Quranic studies
Quranic studies is the academic study of the Quran, the central religious text of Islam. Like in biblical studies, the field uses and applies a diverse set of disciplines and methods, such as philology, textual criticism, lexicography, codicology, literary criticism, comparative religion, and historical criticism.

Quranic studies has three primary goals. The first goal is to understand the original meaning, sources, history of revelation, and the history of the recording and transmission, of the Quran. The second is to trace how the Quran was received by people, including how it was understood and interpreted (exegesis), throughout the centuries. The third is a study and appreciation of the Quran as literature independently of the other two goals.
Răzvan Cojanu
Răzvan Andrei Cojanu (born 10 March 1987) is a Romanian professional boxer. As an amateur he represented Romania at the 2009 Jeux de la Francophonie, winning a gold medal in the super-heavyweight division; he also represented Romania at the European Union Championships, winning bronze. His knockout-to-win ratio stands at 56.3%. Cojanu was the first Romanian that fought to win a world heavyweight title.

European Union Amateur Boxing Championships
The European Union Amateur Boxing Championships is a competition for amateur boxers from the European Union and its candidate countries (thus Turkey is a leading participant).  The championships are organised by the continent's governing body, the European Boxing Confederation (EUBC). The first edition of the men's tournament took place in 2003 in Strasbourg, France and the women's in 2006 in Porto Torres, Italy. The men's tournament was held annually from 2003 to 2009 and every four years since 2014, while the women's tournament was held annually from 2006 to 2011 and every four years since 2013.
Plexal point
Within anatomy for the circulatory system, the plexal point or ventral choroidal point is the proposed naming for the point at which the anterior choroidal artery enters into the lateral ventricle of the brain at the tela choroidea. The choroid fissure, in this sense, is the narrow cleft along the medial wall of the lateral ventricle, where the choroid plexus is attached at the margins. Not to be confused with the choroidal fissure of the eye.

On lateral angiograms, the plexal point is seen to be 18–26 mm from the origin of the anterior choroidal artery. It is an important angiographic landmark, characterized by a steep downward  progression of a few millimeters, then a sharp posterior turn to mark the point of entry.

Tela choroidea
The tela choroidea (or tela chorioidea) is a region of meningeal pia mater that adheres to the underlying ependyma, and gives rise to the choroid plexus in each of the brain’s four ventricles. Tela is Latin for woven and is used to describe a web-like membrane or layer. The tela choroidea is a very thin part of the loose connective tissue of pia mater overlying and closely adhering to the ependyma. It has a rich blood supply. The ependyma and vascular pia mater – the tela choroidea, form regions of minute projections known as a choroid plexus that projects into each ventricle. The choroid plexus produces most of the cerebrospinal fluid of the central nervous system that circulates through the ventricles of the brain, the central canal of the spinal cord, and the subarachnoid space. The tela choroidea in the ventricles forms from different parts of the roof plate in the development of the embryo.
Harry Dennison
Harry Dennison (4 November 1894 – 15 December 1947) was an English footballer who played as a forward for Blackburn Rovers, Rochdale, Wigan Borough and Stockport County.

Dennison made his debut for Blackburn Rovers (against Bristol City) on 8 April 1911, aged 16 years and 155 days old, making him the youngest person to play for the club.

Wigan Borough F.C.
Wigan Borough Football Club was an English football club from the town of Wigan, Lancashire. their forerunners were Wigan A.F.C., Wigan County, Wigan United and Wigan Town,  County and Town having folded.