hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
19th-century turnpikes in Rhode Island
The following turnpikes were chartered and built in Rhode Island:

West Glocester Turnpike 1794

Providence and Norwich Turnpike 1794

Rhode Island and Connecticut Turnpike 1803

Glocester Turnpike 1804

Providence and Douglass Turnpike 1805

Rhode Island Turnpike 1805

Loisquisset Turnpike 1806

Providence and Pawtucket Turnpike 1807

Farnum and Providence Turnpike 1808

Woonasquatucket Turnpike 1810

Powder Mill Turnpike 1810

Natick Turnpike 1812

Valley Falls Turnpike 1813

Foster and Scituate Turnpike 1813

Foster and Scituate Central Turnpike 1813

Coventry and Cranston Turnpike

Providence and Pawcatuck Turnpike 1816

Hopkinton and Richmond Turnpike 1820

Smithfield Turnpike 1823

Pawtuxet Turnpike 1825

Mineral Spring Turnpike 1825

Pawtucket and Providence East Turnpike 1825

Fall River and Watupper Turnpike 1827 (became within Massachusetts after a border change in 1861)

Stone Bridge and Fall River Turnpike 1838

Route 15 (Rhode Island–Massachusetts)
Route 15 is a state highway in the U.S. states of Rhode Island and Massachusetts. The highway runs 8.3 miles (13.4 km) from U.S. Route 44 (US 44) in North Providence, Rhode Island east through Pawtucket to the Massachusetts state line, where the highway continues for 0.23 miles (0.37 km) to Route 152 in Seekonk.
A Benefit for Maryville Academy
Pete Townshend Live: A Benefit for Maryville Academy (Platinum 9555) is a 1998 live album by English rock musician Pete Townshend, member of The Who, recorded at the House of Blues in Chicago. It was produced by multi-instrumentalist Jon Carin. A bonus CD features two tracks with Eddie Vedder, Pearl Jam's vocalist.

It was released by Platinum Entertainment, licensed by the Who's charity, Double O Promotions Limited and all artist royalties benefit the Roman Catholic Chicago-based institution Maryville Academy, "a leader in the treatment of physically, sexually, and emotional abused children. It provides a safe, secure, and stable environment where these youngsters can regain the hope they lost so long ago and begin the healing process."

House of Blues
House of Blues is an American chain of live music concert halls and restaurants. It was founded by Isaac Tigrett, the co-founder of Hard Rock Cafe, and Dan Aykroyd, co-star of the 1980 film The Blues Brothers. The first location opened at Harvard Square in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on November 26, 1992 (Thanksgiving Day). The chain has been a division of Live Nation Entertainment since July 2006, and there are 11 locations throughout the United States as of 2025.
Emilio Oribe
Emilio Nicolás Oribe (April 13, 1893 –  May 24, 1975), was a Uruguayan poet and philosopher.

A professor at the University of the Republic, Uruguay, Oribe was dean of the university's Faculty of Humanities and Sciences and a member of the Uruguayan Academy of Letters.

As a poet, he developed an avant-garde style influenced by Ultraism.

As a philosopher, he was a strong idealist, and often expressed himself using aphorisms.

University of the Republic (Uruguay)
The University of the Republic (Spanish: Universidad de la República, sometimes UdelaR) is a public research university in Montevideo, Uruguay. It is the country's oldest and largest university, as well as one of the largest public universities in South America in terms of enrollment. Established in 1849, it has educated the vast majority of Uruguay's professionals throughout history and has maintained a leading role in advancing academic research and higher education.

The University of the Republic enrolls more than 140,000 students and is organized into 16 independent faculties. It administers 7 university schools and scientific institutes, the Hospital Clinic Manuel Quintela, as well as three regional university centers that serve different parts of the country.
Knowledge market
A knowledge market is a mechanism for distributing knowledge resources. There are two views on knowledge and how knowledge markets can function. One view uses a legal construct of intellectual property to make knowledge a typical scarce resource, so the traditional commodity market mechanism can be applied directly to distribute it. An alternative model is based on treating knowledge as a public good and hence encouraging free sharing of knowledge. This is often referred to as attention economy. Currently there is no consensus among researchers on relative merits of these two approaches.

Artificial scarcity
Artificial scarcity is scarcity of items despite the technology for production or the sufficient capacity for sharing. The most common causes are monopoly pricing structures, such as those enabled by laws that restrict competition or by high fixed costs in a particular marketplace. The inefficiency associated with artificial scarcity is formally known as a deadweight loss.
Pseudonympha magoides
Pseudonympha magoides, the false silver-bottom brown, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in South Africa, from the Western Cape to the Eastern Cape, along the Drakensberg foothills into Lesotho, KwaZulu-Natal, Eswatini, Mpumalanga, north to the Wolkberg. It is also found in Free State and Gauteng.

The wingspan is 46–48 mm for males and 44–46 mm for females. Adults are on wing from September to May (with peaks depending on the location). There are two overlapping generations per year.

The larvae feed on Poaceae grasses, including Ehrharta erecta.

Wolkberg
The Wolkberg is a mountain range in Tzaneen,  Limpopo Province, South Africa. It is a northern termination and a subrange of the Drakensberg mountain range which lines up from Eastern Cape, Lesotho, Kwazulu Natal and Mpumalanga. At 2200 m (7200 ft) above sea level, it is the highest mountain range in Limpopo, together with the Iron crown mountain.  The range extends for about 30 km (19 mi) in a NW/SE direction north of Sekhukhuneland. The nearest towns are Haenertsburg and Tzaneen.
Pliva Waterfall
The Pliva Waterfall (Serbian Cyrillic: Пливски водопад) is located by the town of Jajce, in central Bosnia and Herzegovina, where the river Pliva meets the river Vrbas. The waterfall is a large tufa, also known as travertine barrier, making over 22 meters cascade on the Pliva river, in a narrow karstic zone, which follows the Pliva course, retracted into a flysh and limestone contact zone. It was 30 meters high, but after an earthquake during the Bosnian war and attacks on the power plant further up the river, the area was flooded and now the waterfall is 22 meters high.

The old Jajce walled city core, including the waterfall, and other individual sites outside the walled city perimeter, such as the Jajce Mithraeum, is designated as The natural and architectural ensemble of Jajce and proposed for inscription into the UNESCO's World Heritage Site list. The bid for inscription is currently placed on the UNESCO Tentative list.

Travertine
Travertine (/ˈtrævərtiːn/ ⓘ TRAV-ər-teen) is a form of fresh water limestone deposited around mineral springs, especially hot springs. It often has a fibrous or concentric appearance and exists in white, tan, cream-colored, and rusty varieties. It is formed by a process of rapid precipitation of calcium carbonate, often at the mouth of a hot spring or in a limestone cave. In the latter, it can form stalactites, stalagmites, and other speleothems.

Travertine is frequently used in Italy and elsewhere as a building material. Similar, but softer and extremely porous deposits formed from ambient-temperature water are known as tufa.
Frederick Burton (English cricketer)
Frederick Alfred Burton (28 December 1885 – 7 January 1978) was an English cricketer active from the early 1910s to the early 1930s.  A right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler, Burton played in half a dozen first-class cricket matches, but was mostly associated with Hertfordshire in minor counties cricket. The son of first-class cricketer George Burton, he was born at Islington, Middlesex, and died at Weston-super-Mare, Somerset. His father-in-law was George Hearne of the Hearne family.

Seam bowling
Seam bowling is a bowling technique in cricket, in which the ball is deliberately bowled to hit the ground on its seam, to cause a random deviation when it bounces. A bowler who uses this technique is called a seam bowler or seamer.

Seam bowling is a form of fast bowling, although seam can also be a factor in medium-pace bowling. Although there are specialist seamers that make deliberate use of off cutter and leg cutter at the expense of bowling slower than regular fast bowlers, most bowlers employ the seam to some effect and so the terms "seamer" and "fast bowler" are largely synonymous. This was far less the case in the past, even the recent past. Bowlers such as Tom Cartwright and Derek Shackleton bowled seamers at a pace in the low 70mphs and were very successful due to their mastery of control and variation.
Ivan Ergić
Ivan Ergić (Serbian Cyrillic: Иван Ергић, pronounced [ǐvan êrgitɕ]; born 21 January 1981) is a retired Serbian footballer who played as a midfielder.

Born in modern-day Croatia and raised in Australia, he began his career at Perth Glory and was briefly with Juventus before moving to Switzerland's FC Basel in 2001, where he played 202 league matches. He left in 2009 for Bursaspor, where he spent two seasons, winning the Turkish Süper Lig in the first.

Ergić was a member of the Serbia and Montenegro squad at the 2006 FIFA World Cup, and earned 11 international caps between 2006 and 2008.

FC Lugano
Football Club Lugano is a Swiss professional football club based in Lugano. The club was refounded as AC Lugano in 2004 as a result of relegation and the financial situation of FC Lugano, which was founded in 1908. In 2008, the club reverted to its original name, FC Lugano. They play at the Stadio Cornaredo. They have played in what is now the Swiss Super League during the periods of 1922–53, 1954–60, 1961–63, 1964–76, 1979–80, 1988–97, 1998–02, and from 2015 until present.
Symphony No. 1 (Herrmann)
Symphony No. 1 is a four-movement orchestral composition by American composer Bernard Herrmann.  The work was jointly commissioned in 1940 by CBS and the New York Philharmonic and was completed March 29, 1941, though Herrmann revised the work in 1973.  It premiered July 27, 1941 at the CBS Radio Theater, with Herrmann conducting the CBS Symphony Orchestra.  Though he would continue to compose concert music and film scores throughout his later life, the symphony would be Herrmann's last foray into nonprogrammatic music.

Gramophone (magazine)
Gramophone (known as The Gramophone prior to 1970) is a magazine published monthly in London, devoted to classical music, particularly to reviews of recordings. It was founded in 1923 by the Scottish author Compton Mackenzie who continued to edit the magazine until 1961. It was acquired by Haymarket in 1999. In 2013 the Mark Allen Group became the publisher.

The magazine presents the Gramophone Awards each year to the classical recordings which it considers the finest in a variety of categories.

On its website Gramophone claims to be: "The world's authority on classical music since 1923."  This used to appear on the front cover of every issue; recent editions have changed the wording to "The world's best classical music reviews."

Its circulation, including digital subscribers, was 24,380 in 2014.
Zaytung
Zaytung is a Turkish satirical news website. It was established in 2010. Its name comes from the German word zeitung meaning newspaper or journal. It is along the lines of American publication The Onion.

Zaytung also published an almanac in 2012. The almanac included news published by Zaytung in the years 2009–2011.

In February 2015, editors Cengiz Bayram, H. Nihat Güneş, Evren Kuçlu and Uğur Ceviz left Zaytung to establish a new satirical news website called Milli Gazete.

Almanac
An almanac (also spelled almanack and almanach) is a regularly published listing of a set of current information about one or multiple subjects. It includes information like weather forecasts, farmers' planting dates, tide tables, and other tabular data often arranged according to the calendar. Celestial figures and various statistics are found in almanacs, such as the rising and setting times of the Sun and Moon, dates of eclipses, hours of high and low tides, and religious festivals. The set of events noted in an almanac may be tailored for a specific group of readers, such as farmers, sailors, or astronomers.
Independent Greens (Denmark)
The Independent Greens – Denmark's New Left-Wing Party (Danish: Frie Grønne – Danmarks nye venstrefløjsparti), or simply the Independent Greens (Danish: Frie Grønne) (Q), is a left-wing political party in Denmark. It was founded 7 September 2020 by four former members of The Alternative: Sikandar Siddique, Uffe Elbæk, and Susanne Zimmer, who were members of the Danish parliament, and Niko Grünfeld, member of Copenhagen City Council. The party leader is Sikandar Siddique. Elbæk was founder and leader of The Alternative from 2013 to 2020.

The Independent Greens describe themselves as left wing and a "responsible, climate-conscious and anti-racist party".

Copenhagen City Council
The Copenhagen City Council (Danish: Københavns Borgerrepræsentation) is the municipal government of Copenhagen, Denmark, and has its seat at Copenhagen City Hall.

The city council is Copenhagen's highest political authority and sets the framework for the committees' tasks. The City of Copenhagen's government consists of an economic committee and six standing committees, each working in its own field.

The city council has 55 members (abbreviated MBs), and is chaired by the lord mayor (overborgmester), who chairs the Economic Affairs Committee. The chairpersons of the six standing committees have the title of mayor (borgermester). The lord mayor, together with the six mayors and six members of the city council, make up the Economic Affairs Committee. Unlike other Danish municipalities, the City of Copenhagen does not have deputy mayors, but a first and second vice-chair of the city council.
Trnovska Vas
Trnovska Vas (pronounced [ˈtəɾnɔu̯ska ˈʋaːs]; Slovene: Trnovska vas) is a settlement in the Municipality of Trnovska Vas in northeastern Slovenia. It is the seat of the municipality. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region. The settlement lies on the regional road from Ptuj to Lenart v Slovenskih Goricah in the Pesnica Valley.

The local parish church is dedicated to Saint Wolfgang and belongs to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Maribor. It dates to the 18th century.

Wolfgang of Regensburg
Wolfgang of Regensburg (Latin: Wolfgangus; c. 934 – 31 October 994 AD) was bishop of Regensburg in Bavaria from Christmas 972 until his death. He is a saint in the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. He is regarded as one of the three great German saints of the 10th century, the other two being Ulrich of Augsburg and Conrad of Constance. Towards the end of his life Wolfgang withdrew as a hermit to a solitary spot, in the Salzkammergut region of Upper Austria. Soon after Wolfgang's death many churches chose him as their patron saint, and various towns were named after him.
Concerns and controversies at the 2010 Commonwealth Games
A number of concerns and controversies surfaced before the 2010 Commonwealth Games in New Delhi, India, which received widespread media coverage both in India (the host nation) and the rest of the world.

The Commonwealth Games was severely criticised by several prominent Indian politicians and social activists because millions of dollars have been spent on the sporting event despite the fact that India has one of the world's largest concentration of poor people. Additionally, several other problems related to the 2010 Commonwealth Games have been highlighted by Indian investigative agencies and media outlets; these include – serious corruption by officials of the Games'.

Central Vigilance Commission
Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) is an Indian governmental body created in 1964 to address governmental corruption. In 2003, the Parliament enacted a law conferring statutory status on the CVC. It has the status of an autonomous body, free of control from any executive authority, charged with monitoring all vigilance activity under the Central Government of India, advising various authorities in central Government organizations in planning, executing, reviewing, and reforming their vigilance work.
Meditations on Rilke
Meditations on Rilke is a song cycle for mezzo-soprano, bass-baritone, and orchestra written in 2019 by the American composer and conductor Michael Tilson Thomas and set to the poetry of Rainer Maria Rilke. Its world premiere was given by the mezzo-soprano Sasha Cooke, the bass-baritone Ryan McKinny, and San Francisco Symphony conducted by Thomas at the Louise M. Davies Symphony Hall in San Francisco on January 9, 2020.

Sasha Cooke
Sasha Cooke (born 1982/1983) is an American mezzo-soprano.

Cooke was born in Riverside, California, and grew up in College Station, Texas, where her parents are professors of Russian at Texas A&M University. She earned a bachelor's degree from Rice University and trained at the Juilliard School in New York. Cooke attended the Music Academy of the West in 2002.

Cooke won best opera recording for Doctor Atomic at the 54th Annual Grammy Awards, 2011, and again for The (R)evolution of Steve Jobs at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards, 2018. Her 2022 album How do I find you? was nominated for Best Classical Solo Vocal Album at the 65th Annual Grammy Awards.

In 2022, she played Thirza in Houston Grand Opera's staging of The Wreckers by Ethel Smyth.
Haplomitriopsida
Haplomitriopsida is a class of liverworts comprising fifteen species in three genera. Recent cladistic analyses of nuclear, mitochondrial, and plastid gene sequences place this monophyletic group as the basal sister group to all other liverworts. The group thus provides a unique insight into the early evolution of liverworts in particular and of land plants in general.

Class (biology)
In biological taxonomy, class (Latin: classis) is  a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit (i.e., a taxon) in that rank. It is a group of related taxonomic orders. Other well-known ranks in descending order of size are domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class ranking between phylum and order.
161st (Huron) Battalion, CEF
The 161st (Huron) Battalion, CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War.  Based in London, Ontario, the unit began recruiting in late 1915 in Huron County.  After sailing to England in November 1916, the battalion was absorbed into the 4th Reserve Battalion on February 15, 1918.

The 161st (Huron) Battalion, CEF had two Officer Commanding: Lieut-Col. H. B. Combe (October 30, 1916—May 16, 1917) and Lieut-Col. R. Murdie, DSO (June 28, 1917—February 23, 1918).

The 161st (Huron) Battalion, CEF was perpetuated by The Middlesex and Huron Regiment which was disbanded in 1946.

Huron County, Ontario
Huron County (/ˈhjʊərɒn, -ən/ HURE-on, -⁠ən) is a county in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is located on the southeast shore of its namesake, Lake Huron, in the southwest part of the province. The county seat is Goderich, also the county's largest community.

The population reported in the 2021 Census for this predominantly agricultural area with many villages and small towns was 61,366 in a land area of 3,398 square kilometres.  Of the total population, 7,881 reside in Goderich.
HMS Nancy (1808)
HMS Nancy was the two-masted mercantile brigantine Nancy that had been built as a sloop in 1802 and converted to a brigantine. Rear-Admiral Sir Sidney Smith purchased for the Royal Navy at Buenos Aires and commissioned in 1808. Nancy served on the South America station until she was sold in 1813.

Sidney Smith (Royal Navy officer)
Admiral Sir William Sidney Smith (21 June 1764 – 26 May 1840) was a British naval officer and politician. Serving in the American War of Independence and French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, he rose to the rank of admiral in the Royal Navy. Smith was known for his outspoken character and penchant for acting on his own initiative, which caused a great deal of friction with many of his superiors and colleagues.

His military skill, personal intelligence and enterprise led to his involvement in a variety of tasks which involved warfare, diplomacy and espionage. He became a hero in Britain for leading the successful defence of Acre in 1799, thwarting Napoleon's plans of further conquest in the Sinai. Napoleon Bonaparte, reminiscing later in his life, said of him: "That man made me miss my destiny".
AB-FUBINACA
AB-FUBINACA (AMB-FUBINACA) is a psychoactive drug that acts as a potent agonist for the cannabinoid receptors, with Ki values of 0.9 nM at CB1 and 23.2 nM at CB2 and EC50 values of 1.8 nM at CB1 and 3.2 nM at CB2. It was originally developed by Pfizer in 2009 as an analgesic medication but was never pursued for human use. In 2012, it was discovered as an ingredient in synthetic cannabinoid blends in Japan, along with a related compound AB-PINACA, which had not previously been reported.

Its use has been linked to hospitalizations and deaths.

Cannabinoid receptor 1
Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), is a G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptor that in humans is encoded by the CNR1 gene. It was discovered by determination and characterization in 1988, and cloned in 1990 for the first time. The human CB1 receptor is expressed in the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system. It is activated by endogenous cannabinoids called endocannabinoids, a group of retrograde neurotransmitters that include lipids, such as anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol; plant phytocannabinoids, such as docosatetraenoylethanolamide found in wild dagga, the compound tetrahydrocannabinol which is an active constituent of the psychoactive drug cannabis; and synthetic analogs of tetrahydrocannabinol. CB1 is antagonized by the phytocannabinoid tetrahydrocannabivarin at low doses and at higher doses, it activates the CB1 receptor as an agonist, but with less potency than tetrahydrocannabinol.

The primary endogenous agonist of the human CB1 receptor is anandamide.
Johnny Orlando
John Vincent Orlando (born January 24, 2003) is a Canadian-American singer-songwriter, and actor. He first received attention on social media by posting covers of pop songs by artists such as Austin Mahone, Taylor Swift, Rihanna, Justin Bieber, and Shawn Mendes to his YouTube channel. In 2019, Orlando was nominated for the Juno Award for Breakthrough Artist of the Year. He has also won an MTV Europe Music Award for Best Canadian Act four times in 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022.

Orlando's debut studio album All the Things That Could Go Wrong was released on August 19, 2022.

2021 MTV Europe Music Awards
The 2021 MTV Europe Music Awards were held on 14 November 2021 at the László Papp Budapest Sports Arena in Budapest, Hungary. This marked the first time that Hungary hosted the awards show, and as well the first edition to be held in a former eastern bloc country. The show was presented by American rapper Saweetie.

Justin Bieber led the nominations, with a total of eight, making him the most nominated male artist. Doja Cat and Lil Nas X were both tied, with six nominations, with Doja being the most nominated female act.