hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
French Geodesic Mission to the Equator
The French Geodesic Mission to the Equator (French: Expédition géodésique française en Équateur), also called the French Geodesic Mission to Peru and the Spanish-French Geodesic Mission, was an 18th-century expedition to what is now Ecuador carried out for the purpose of performing an arc measurement, measuring the length of a degree of latitude near the Equator, by which the Earth's radius can be inferred. The mission was one of the first geodesic (or geodetic) missions carried out under modern scientific principles, and the first major international scientific expedition.

Pierre Méchain
Pierre François André Méchain (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ fʁɑ̃swa ɑ̃dʁe meʃɛ̃]; 16 August 1744 – 20 September 1804) was a French astronomer and surveyor who, with Charles Messier, was a major contributor to the early study of deep-sky objects and comets.
Sommerfeld radiation condition
In applied mathematics, and theoretical physics, the Sommerfeld radiation condition is a concept from theory of differential equations and scattering theory used for choosing a particular solution to the Helmholtz equation. It was introduced by Arnold Sommerfeld in 1912
and is closely related to the limiting absorption principle (1905) and the limiting amplitude principle (1948).

The boundary condition established by the principle essentially chooses a solution of some wave equations which only radiates outwards from known sources, disallowing arbitrary inbound waves propagating in from infinity.

The theorem most underpinned by the condition only holds true in three spatial dimensions, in which the power of a wave is inversely proportional to the square of the radial distance. This is not the case in two dimensions. On the other hand, in four or more spatial dimensions, power in wave motion falls off much faster in distance.

Applied mathematics
Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, social science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge. The term "applied mathematics" also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical problems by formulating and studying mathematical models.

In the past, practical applications have motivated the development of mathematical theories, which then became the subject of study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake. The activity of applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics.
Geoffrey Crowther, Baron Crowther
Geoffrey Crowther, Baron Crowther (13 May 1907 – 5 February 1972) was a British economist, journalist, educationalist and businessman. He was editor of The Economist from 1938 to 1956. His major works include Economics for Democrats (1939) and An Outline of Money (1941).

Headingley
Headingley is a suburb of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, approximately two miles out of the city centre, to the north west along the A660 road. Headingley is the location of the Beckett Park campus of Leeds Beckett University and Headingley Stadium.

The area sits in the Headingley and Hyde Park ward of Leeds City Council and Leeds Central and Headingley parliamentary constituency.
L. Rødne og Sønner
L. Rødne og Sønner AS is a passenger ferry operating company in Rogaland and Vestland, Norway. It operates 14 ferries, of which 11 are fast ferries. The company operates public transport for the transport authorities Kolumbus and Skyss, boat ambulance services for Stavanger Hospital Trust, Fonna Hospital Trust and Bergen Hospital Trust, and since 1974 charter tourist services in Lysefjord. The company was founded in 1956, based in Sjernarøy and owned by ten members of the Rødne family.

Stavanger Hospital Trust
Stavanger Health Trust (Norwegian: Helse Stavanger) is a health trust which serves southern Rogaland. Its main facility is  Stavanger University Hospital, as well as local clinics and institutions around Rogaland. The trust was formed on 1 January 2002 as a result of the national health reforms and is owned by Western Norway Regional Health Authority
Character (computing)
In computing and telecommunications, a character is the encoded representation of a natural language character (including letter, numeral and punctuation), whitespace (space or tab), or a control character (controls computer hardware that consumes character-based data). A sequence of characters is called a string.

Some character encoding systems represent each character using a fixed number of bits whereas other systems use varying sizes. Various fixed-length sizes were used for now obsolete systems such as the six-bit character code, the five-bit Baudot code and even 4-bit systems (with only 16 possible values). The more modern ASCII system uses the 8-bit byte for each character. Today, the Unicode-based UTF-8 encoding uses a varying number of byte-sized code units to define a code point which combine to encode a character.

Computer hardware
Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer, such as the central processing unit (CPU), random-access memory (RAM), motherboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, and computer case. It includes external devices such as a monitor, mouse, keyboard, and speakers.

By contrast, software is a set of written  instructions that can be stored and run by hardware. Hardware derived its name from the fact it is hard or rigid with respect to changes, whereas software is soft because it is easy to change.

Hardware is typically directed by the software to execute any command or instruction. A combination of hardware and software forms a usable computing system, although other systems exist with only hardware.
The Congregation (band)
The Congregation was a British pop ensemble, formed by Roger Cook and Roger Greenaway in England. In the United States it was credited as The English Congregation.

The band's biggest hit was a cover version of "Softly Whispering I Love You" (originally recorded by Cook and Greenaway's previous group, David and Jonathan), which peaked at No. 4 on the UK Singles Chart in 1971, No. 29 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the US, No. 1 in South Africa, No. 12 in Australia and New Zealand and No. 10 in Germany. The group's lead singer was the former Plastic Penny vocalist, Brian Keith, who later became a session musician. With no further top 40 hits, The Congregation was a transatlantic one-hit wonder.

The band changed its name on releases in the United States to avoid confusion with the Mike Curb Congregation, which also recorded "Softly Whispering I Love You".

Mike Curb
Michael Charles Curb (born December 24, 1944) is an American politician, record executive, and philanthropist who served as the 42nd lieutenant governor of California from 1979 to 1983. He is the founder of Curb Records and is the chairman of Word Entertainment. He was inducted into the West Coast Stock Car Hall of Fame in 2006. A member of the Republican Party, Curb is the most recent Republican to have been elected lieutenant governor of California as of 2025.
Jean-Claude Guiguet
Jean-Claude Guiguet (French: [gigɛ]; 22 October 1939 – 16 September 2005). was a French film director and screenwriter. He directed eight films between 1978 and 2005. His film Les passagers was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival.

Un Certain Regard
Un Certain Regard (French: [œ̃ sɛʁtɛ̃ ʁəɡaʁ]; 'A Certain Glance') is a section of the Cannes Film Festival's official selection. It is run at the salle Debussy, parallel to the competition for the Palme d'Or. This section was introduced in 1978 by Gilles Jacob.

The section presents 20 films with unusual styles and non-traditional stories seeking international recognition.

Since 1998, the section has awarded the Un Certain Regard Prize to one film in the lineup, recognising emerging talent and innovative work. At the 1998 Cannes Film Festival, Killer by Darezhan Omirbaev was named the inaugural winner, while The Mysterious Gaze of the Flamingo by Diego Céspedes is the most recent winner (2025).
Lisičji Jarak Airfield
Lisičji Jarak Airfield (Serbian: Аеродром Лисичји Јарак / Aerodrom Lisičji Jarak)  (ICAO: LYBJ) is located 13 km north from the city of Belgrade, near Padinska Skela, Serbia. The aerodrome is mostly used for pilot training and sport parachuting jumps, as well as crop dusting operations.

Parachuting
Parachuting and skydiving are methods of descending from altitude  to the surface using the power of gravity, and a parachute.

The three phases of parachuting are freefall, parachute deployment and landing.
Skydiving takes place during the freefall phase where the parachute has not yet been deployed and the body accelerates to terminal velocity.
Pedregal metro station
Pedregal is a Panama Metro station on Line 2. It was opened on 25 April 2019 as part of the inaugural section of Line 2 between San Miguelito and Nuevo Tocumen. This is an elevated station built above Avenida Domingo Díaz. The station is located between San Antonio and Don Bosco.

Panama Metro
The Panama Metro (Spanish: Metro de Panamá) is a rapid transit system serving Panama City, Panama. Developed to ease traffic congestion between the city and the San Miguelito District and to provide an alternative to road transport, the metro supplements the MiBus network and operates daily throughout the year.

Line 1 opened on April 6, 2014 and spans 18.1 kilometres (11.2 mi) with 15 stations. Line 2 followed in 2019, temporarily opening for World Youth Day in late January and later entering regular service on April 25 of that year. It extends 24 kilometres (15 mi) with 19 stations, including a branch to Tocumen International Airport that opened in 2023. The San Miguelito station serves as the interchange between the two lines.

The metro is part of a broader National Master Plan to improve transportation around Panama City, which includes the construction of two additional rapid transit lines, two monorail lines, three tram lines, and an aerial lift line.
Stuart Park, British Columbia
Stuart Park is a park located near Okanagan Lake in Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada. In winter, part of the park is turned into an ice rink for public skating.

In 2015, the Canadian Institute of Planners named it the greatest public space in Canada.

What do I need to do before skating at Stuart Park?

The rink is open for drop-in use. No reservations are needed to skate in the park. It is recommended to check the live cam before heading down to the rink. Rentals for skates and bars are available on-site. For added COVID-19 Safety, please bring your own protective gear such as helmets, hand sanitizer, and face coverings. Rentals are open from 11 am to 8 pm daily, depending on the weather. If the temperature is below -10 degrees celsius, the rental shop will be closed.

Okanagan Lake
Okanagan Lake (Okanagan: kɬúsx̌nítkw) is a lake in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia, Canada. The lake is 135 km (84 mi) long, between 4 and 5 km (2.5 and 3.1 mi) wide, and has a surface area of 348 km2 (135 sq. mi.).
Brighton State Park
Brighton State Park is a state park in Island Pond, Vermont. The park features a campground on the 102-acre Spectacle Pond, which is mostly undeveloped. There is also a day use beach and bathhouse located on 600-acre Island Pond just a half mile from the campground.

Activities includes boating, swimming, camping, fishing, hiking, picnicking, wildlife watching and winter sports.

Facilities include two sandy beaches, bathhouse, boat rentals, 5 cabins, 61 tent/RV sites and 23 lean-tos, flush toilets, hot showers, and a dump station. There is a nature center and park rangers offer interpretive programs including night hikes, campfire programs, amphibian explorations, and nature crafts and games.

The state has designated the 15-acre Spectacle Pond Natural Area, which features a natural stand of mature red pines that are uncommon in Vermont.

Pinus resinosa
Pinus resinosa, known as red pine (also Norway pine in Minnesota), is a pine native to Eastern North America, with a distributed from Pennsylvania and the Great Lakes region to Manitoba and Newfoundland. It is an adaptable species, and is a valuable forestry species in its native range. One of only two American members of subsection Pinus, the species is characterised by low genetic diversity.
Catherine Tucker
Catherine Tucker (born May 16, 1977) is the Sloan Distinguished Professor of Management at MIT Sloan, where she is also chair of the PhD program. She is known for her research into the consequences of digital data for electronic privacy, algorithmic bias, digital health, social media and online advertising. She is also a research associate at the NBER, cofounder of the Cryptoeconomics lab at MIT with Christian Catalini and coeditor at Quantitative Marketing Economics.

Management Science (journal)
Management Science is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers research on all aspects of management related to strategy, entrepreneurship, innovation, information technology, and organizations as well as all functional areas of business, such as accounting, finance, marketing, and operations. It is published by the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences and was established in 1954 by the institute's precursor, the Institute of Management Sciences. C. West Churchman was the founding editor-in-chief.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 5.4.
2012–13 Deodhar Trophy
2012–13 Deodhar Trophy was the 40th season of the Deodhar Trophy with the first being the 1973–74 season. It was a List A cricket tournament contested by five teams, North Zone, West Zone, South Zone, Central Zone, East Zone.

South Zone cricket team
The South Zone cricket team is a first-class cricket team that represents southern India in the Duleep Trophy and Deodhar Trophy. It is a composite team of players from seven first-class Indian teams from southern India competing in the Ranji Trophy: Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Hyderabad, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry. South Zone has the third strongest track record of all the zones in the Duleep Trophy, as they have won the Trophy 12 times and also shared the winner's trophy twice, with the best team, West Zone having won 18 times plus shared the trophy two times more.
Amzya
Amzya (Russian: Амзя; Bashkir: Әмзә, Ämzä; Chuvash: Эмçе, Emśe) is a rural locality (a village) in Balyklykulsky Selsoviet, Aurgazinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 78 as of 2010, the majority of whom were Chuvashes.  There are 5 streets.

Aurgazinsky District
Aurgazinsky District (Russian: Аургази́нский райо́н; Bashkir: Ауырғазы районы, Awırğazı rayonı; Tatar: Авыргазы районы, Awırğazı rayonı; Chuvash: Авăркас районӗ, Avărkas rayonĕ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the center of the republic and borders Karmaskalinsky District in the north, Gafuriysky District in the east, Sterlitamaksky District in the south, and with Alsheyevsky and Davlekanovsky Districts in the west. The area of the district is 2,014 square kilometers (778 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Tolbazy. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 36,970, with the population of Tolbazy accounting for 27.4% of that number.
Johanan (exilarch)
Johanan was a Jewish exilarch of the 2nd century AD who succeeded his brother Nahum, according to the Seder Olam Zutta. He is either the son or a descendant of Akkub, although more likely, he is the son of  Ahijah. The date of his tenure is disputed.

Seder Olam Zutta
Seder Olam Zutta (Hebrew: סדר עולם זוטא‎) is an anonymous chronicle from 803 CE, called "Zuta" (= "smaller," or "younger") to distinguish it from the older Seder Olam Rabbah. This work is based upon, and to a certain extent completes and continues, the older aforementioned chronicle. It consists of two main parts: the first, comprising about three-fifths of the whole, deals with the chronology of the 50 generations from Adam to Jehoiakim (who, according to this chronicle, was the first of the Babylonian exilarch), the second deals with 39 generations of exilarchs, beginning with Jehoiachin and going until the 9th century CE.
Tiger Pep Band at DePauw University
The Tiger Pep Band at DePauw University (TPB) is a student-led, -organized, and -funded ensemble at DePauw University in Greencastle, Indiana. The band has been recognized several times among the best in collegiate sports, promoting sportsmanship and civility, and has been hailed as "best pep band in Division III athletics
".

Columbia University Marching Band
The Columbia University Marching Band (CUMB) was the marching band of Columbia University. The CUMB, which was entirely student-run, had a reputation for edgy humor and was known for its pranks. In 2019, the band was officially banned from Columbia athletic events and its funding revoked, although the suspension was undone a few weeks later. In 2020, following allegations of inappropriate behavior, the band voted to disband itself.

In 2022, Columbia Athletics launched a new spirit band, named the Columbia Athletics Pep Band, under the supervision of a band director employed by the university.
Mamda mandal
Mamda is a Mandal in Nirmal district in the state of Telangana in India. It is one of the largest villages in the district. It has deccan grameena bank and it is situated on the banks of village lake. The village climate remains cool and pleasant due to nearby mountains full of trees. Mamda has famous hanuman temple and newly constructed Sri Venkateshvara temple which lord's idol inaugurated by our honourable minister shri Allola Indrakaran Reddy. It is 19 km from Nirmal.

Nirmal
Nirmal is a city and the district headquarters of Nirmal district in the Indian state of Telangana. It is famed for its toys made out of wood.

The district headquarters is located in the city of Nirmal. It borders the Telangana districts of Adilabad, Nizamabad, Mancherial, Asifabad, Jagtial districts as well as Nanded district of the state Maharashtra.

Near by Towns Bhainsa, [Khanapur]
John Hunter (bishop)
John Hunter (1897–1965) was the third bishop of Kimberley and Kuruman from 1943 until  1951. He was educated at Keble College, Oxford, and ordained in  1922. His first post was as a curate in Harrow but his next post was in South Africa (where he was to spend the rest of his career). After a further curacy at St Paul's church in Rondebosch he rose rapidly in the Church hierarchy becoming successively rector of Okiep, Northern Cape; Stellenbosch and finally the cathedral parish at Bloemfontein before his elevation to the episcopate. He was awarded the Coronation Medal and died at George, just after Christmas in 1965, while still in office.

Diocese of Kimberley and Kuruman
Christianity portal

The Diocese of Kimberley and Kuruman is a diocese in the Anglican Church of Southern Africa, and encompasses the area around Kimberley and Kuruman and overlaps the Northern Cape Province and North West Province of South Africa. It is presided over by the Bishop of Kimberley and Kuruman, until recently Ossie Swartz. On 19 September 2021 the Electoral College of Bishops elected to translate the Right Revd Brian Marajh of George to become the 13th Bishop of Kimberley & Kuruman. The seat of the Bishop of Kimberley and Kuruman is at St Cyprian's Cathedral, Kimberley. There had been so far 12 bishops of the See, though one of these served for two different periods of time.
Eames Farm
Eames Farm is a  132.5-hectare (327-acre) Local Nature Reserve on  Thorney Island in West Sussex. It is owned by the Chichester Harbour Conservancy, West Sussex County Council and the Ministry of Defence and managed by the Chichester Harbour Conservancy. It is part of Chichester and Langstone Harbours Ramsar site and  Special Protection Area and Chichester Harbour Site of Special Scientific Interest.

This area of grazing marsh, wetland and reedbed is managed as an organic farm. It has many rare plants and insects and a diverse variety of migrating waders and wildfowl.

The site is private land with no public access.

Thorney Island (West Sussex)
Thorney Island is a British Army base and an island: effectively a peninsula that juts into Chichester Harbour in West Sussex. It is separated from the mainland by a narrow channel called the Great Deep.
No Fear (Dej Loaf song)
"No Fear" is a song by American rapper-songwriter DeJ Loaf. The song was released on June 16, 2017, and became her fourth entry on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, on which it peaked at number 100. The single became Loaf's first top 10 hit on the Rhythmic Songs chart as a lead artist, and also placed within the top 50 on the year-end Billboard rankings of Rhythmic Songs and Hot R&B Songs.

Dej Loaf
Deja Monét Trimble (born April 8, 1991), known professionally as Dej Loaf (stylized as DeJ Loaf), is an American rapper and singer from Detroit, Michigan. She is best known for her 2014 single "Try Me" and its 2015 follow-up, "Back Up" (featuring Big Sean). The latter received platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and served as lead single for her debut extended play ...And See That's the Thing (2015), which was released by Columbia Records. Both songs, along with her guest appearance on Kid Ink's 2015 single "Be Real", peaked within the top 50 of the Billboard Hot 100. Her debut studio album, Sell Sole II (2020), was met with positive critical reception despite failing to chart.
2020 National Hurling League
The 2020 National Hurling League was the 89th season of the National Hurling League for county teams.

Division 1 was restructured in 2020 into two groups of approximately equal strength.

The league was originally scheduled to end on 29 March 2020. The public health measures introduced to combat the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland resulted in most of the final stages being delayed to October and the Division 1 final stage being reduced from five games to one.

Eir Sport and RTÉ provide live TV coverage of the league on Saturday nights. TG4 broadcast Sunday afternoon games. The highlights programmes are RTÉ2's League Sunday on Sunday evenings, TG4's GAA 2020 on Monday evenings and Eir Sport's Allianz Leagues Reloaded on Wednesday evenings.

Limerick were the winners, defeating Clare in the final on 25 October.

GAA... (TV programme)
GAA 2025 is a Gaelic games highlights programme on Irish language-broadcaster TG4. The title of the programme changes each year to incorporate the year of broadcast.

Typically, it is shown on TG4 on Monday evenings from 20:00 and shows highlights of hurling and Gaelic football matches in the club championships, National Leagues, Fitzgibbon Cup and Sigerson Cup. During the summers months the programme is styled as Championship... and shows highlights of the provincial and All-Ireland Championships at minor, under-21 and senior levels.