hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Levant Front
The Levant Front (Arabic: الجبهة الشامية, romanized: al-Jabhat aš-Šāmiyya, Jabhat al-Shamiyah, also translated as the Sham Front or the Levantine Front) was a Syrian revolutionary group based around Aleppo involved in the Syrian Civil War. It was formed in December 2014.

The northern branch of the Levant Front is part of the Turkish-backed Syrian National Army. The Netherlands' public prosecutor declared it to be a terrorist organisation in 2018, despite the Dutch government having earlier provided it with support.

At the Syrian Revolution Victory Conference, which was held on 29 January 2025, most factions of the armed opposition, including the Levant Front, announced their dissolution and were incorporated into the newly formed Ministry of Defense.

Afrin Canton
The Afrin Canton (Kurdish: Kantona Efrînê; Arabic: مقاطعة عفرين; Classical Syriac: ܦܠܩܐ ܕܥܦܪܝܢ, romanized: Pelqā dha-ʻAfrin) was one of the cantons of Rojava. Syria's Afrin District fell under the control of the People's Protection Units (YPG) around 2012 and an "Afrin Canton" (later Afrin Region) was declared in 2014. Afrin Canton in its latest form was established in 2017, however, as part of the reorganisation of Rojava's subdivisions. With Afrin as its administrative centre, the canton was part of the larger Afrin Region. As a result of Operation Olive Branch in early 2018, Afrin Canton became part of the Turkish occupation of northern Syria. The government of the Afrin Region was subsequently confined to the area around Tell Rifaat.
NASCAR Brasil Series
The NASCAR Brasil Series (formerly known as Sprint Race, GT Sprint Race and NASCAR Brasil Sprint Race), commonly referred to as NASCAR Brasil or Sprint Race, is a NASCAR stock car series based in Brazil. It is one of NASCAR's four international series alongside the NASCAR Canada Series, NASCAR Mexico Series, and the NASCAR Euro Series and is the only one to be based in South America.

V6 engine
A V6 engine is a six-cylinder piston engine where the cylinders and cylinder blocks share a common crankshaft and are arranged in a V configuration.

The first V6 engines were designed and produced independently by Marmon Motor Car Company, Deutz Gasmotoren Fabrik and Delahaye. Engines built after World War II include the Lancia V6 engine in 1950 for the Lancia Aurelia, and the Buick V6 engine in 1962 for the Buick Special.  The V6 layout has become the most common layout for six-cylinder automotive engines.
Ewald von Demandowsky
Ewald von Demandowsky (21 October 1906 – 7 October 1946) was a German film producer who held the office of a Nazi German Reichsfilmdramaturg and was head of production at the Tobis Film company in the Third Reich.

Tobis Film
Tobis Film was a German film production and film distribution company. Founded in the late 1920s as a merger of several companies involved in the switch from silent to sound films, the organisation emerged as a leading German sound studio. Tobis used the Tri-Ergon sound-on-film system under the Tobis-Klang trade name. The UFA production company had separate rights to the Tobis system, which it used under the trade name of Ufa-Klang. Some Tobis films were released in Germany by the subsidiary Europa Film.

Its principal production studios were the Johannisthal Studios in Berlin.

During the Nazi era, Tobis was one of the four major film companies along with Terra Film, Bavaria Film and UFA. In 1942 all these companies were merged into a single state-controlled industry bringing an end to Tobis' independent existence, though films continued to be released under the Tobis banner.
Per Fosser
Per Fosser (born 1945) is a Norwegian orienteering competitor. He is Relay World Champion from 1970, as a member of the Norwegian winning team, which consisted of Ola Skarholt, Stig Berge, Fosser and Åge Hadler. He won a bronze medal in the relay at the 1968 World Championships, again with Skarholt, Berge and Hadler on the team.

1970 World Orienteering Championships
The 3rd World Orienteering Championships were held in Eisenach/Friedrichroda, East Germany, in September 1970.

The championships had four events; individual contests for men and women, and relays for men and women.

The men's individual course had 19 controls over 14.5 kilometres, while the women's individual course had 10 controls over 7.5 kilometres.
Degradation (geology)
In geology, degradation refers to the lowering of a fluvial surface, such as a stream bed or floodplain, through erosional processes. Degradation is the opposite of aggradation. Degradation is characteristic of channel networks in which either bedrock erosion is taking place, or in systems that are sediment-starved and are therefore entraining more material than they are depositing. When a stream degrades, it leaves behind a fluvial terrace. This can be further classified as a strath terrace—a bedrock terrace that may have a thin mantle of alluvium—if the river is incising through bedrock. These terraces may be dated with methods such as cosmogenic radionuclide dating, OSL dating, and paleomagnetic dating (using reversals in the Earth's magnetic field to constrain the timing of events) to find when a river was at a particular level and how quickly it is downcutting.

Bedrock
In geology, bedrock is the solid rock that lies under weathered rock and unconsolidated or loose superficial deposits (together known as regolith) in the near surface part of Earth's crust or the crust of another terrestrial planet. The top of the bedrock is known as rockhead.
Cordeaux Dam
The Cordeaux Dam is a heritage-listed dam in Cordeaux, New South Wales, Australia. It provides water to the Macarthur and Illawarra regions, the Wollondilly Shire, and metropolitan Sydney. It is one of four dams and weirs in the catchment of the Upper Nepean Scheme. Completed in 1926 under the supervision of Ernest Macartney de Burgh, the dam is owned by Water NSW, an agency of the Government of New South Wales. It was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 18 November 1999.

Weir
A weir /wɪər/ or low-head dam is a barrier across the width of a body of water that alters the flow characteristics of water and usually results in a change in the height of the water level. Weirs are used to control the flow of water for rivers, outlets of lakes, ponds, and reservoirs, industrial discharge, and drainage control structures. There are many weir designs, but commonly water flows freely over the top of the weir crest before cascading down to a lower level. There is no single definition as to what constitutes a weir. Weirs pose a serious danger to boaters and have been involved in several fatal drownings. They are sometimes colloquially referred to as drowning machines.

Weir can also refer to the skimmer found in most in-ground swimming pools, which controls the flow of water pulled into the filtering system.
TomSka
Thomas James Ridgewell (born 27 June 1990), known online as TomSka, is a British YouTuber, filmmaker, vlogger, video essayist, and actor. He is known for writing, directing, producing, and starring in his live-action sketch comedy YouTube videos, video essays, and animated web series such as Asdfmovie (/ˈæsdəfmuːvi/ AS-dəf-moo-vee), Crash Zoom, and Eddsworld where he both provided the voice and inspired the character of Tom and served as showrunner from 2012 to 2016. As of March 2025, his YouTube channel has over 7.46 million subscribers, and his videos have garnered over 2.1 billion views.

Video essay
A video essay is an essay presented in the format of a video recording or short film rather than a conventional piece of writing; the form often overlaps with other forms of video entertainment on online platforms such as YouTube. A video essay allows an author to directly quote from film, video games, music, or other digital media, which is impossible with traditional writing. While many video essays are intended for entertainment, they can also have an academic or political purpose. This type of content is often described as educational entertainment.
2015 Bình Phước massacre
The 2015 Bình Phước massacre (Vietnamese: Vụ thảm sát ở Bình Phước năm 2015) was a mass murder that took place in Vietnam on 7 July 2015, in Bình Phước province. Nguyễn Hải Dương, with the help of Vũ Văn Tiến, murdered six members of a family in their home. The motive was revenge after Dương's relationship with a victim's daughter ended, combined with an intent to rob the family. A third accomplice, Trần Đình Thoại, assisted in planning but did not participate in the killings. Dương and Tiến were sentenced to death and executed in 2017 and 2018, respectively, while Thoại received a 16-year prison sentence.

Bình Phước province
Bình Phước is a former province of Vietnam. It was located in the Southeast region of the country, to the north of Hồ Chí Minh City (formerly Saigon). It shared a border with Cambodia.

On June 12, 2025, Bình Phước was incorporated into Đồng Nai province.
Norayr Kasper
Norayr Kasper is a Canadian cinematographer and artist. He is most noted for his work on the 2014 film Fall, for which he was a Canadian Screen Award nominee for Best Cinematography at the 3rd Canadian Screen Awards in 2015.

Grew up in Venice, Kasper studied (BFA) cinema and film production at Concordia University in Montreal, and regularly works in both Canadian and European cinema. His other credits have included the theatrical films Calendar, The Life Before This, Two Thousand and None, Time of the Wolf, Zenne Dancer, Faith, Fraud, & Minimum Wage, Hellions and Goodbye Happiness (Au revoir le bonheur), the television films The Last Debate, Trudeau, Shania: A Life in Eight Albums, Booky Makes Her Mark, Last Exit and Booky and the Secret Santa, and episodes of the television series Cracked.

Goodbye Happiness (film)
Goodbye Happiness (French: Au revoir le bonheur) is a French Canadian comedy-drama film, directed by Ken Scott and released in 2021. The film centres on Nicolas (François Arnaud), Thomas (Antoine Bertrand), Charles-Alexandre (Louis Morissette) and William (Patrice Robitaille), four brothers who do not get along but are attempting to set aside their differences at their father's funeral.

The cast also includes Julie Le Breton, Charlotte Aubin, Marilyse Bourke, Élizabeth Duperré, Geneviève Boivin-Roussy and Pierre-Yves Cardinal.

The film premiered in theatres on December 17, 2021.
Sortavala
Sortavala (Russian: Сортавала; Finnish and Karelian: Sortavala; Swedish: Sordavala), in Russian sometimes known as Serdobol (Сердоболь), is a town in the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located at the northern tip of Lake Ladoga near the Finnish border, 246 kilometres (153 mi) west of Petrozavodsk, the capital city of the Republic of Karelia. The closest city on the Finnish side of the border is Joensuu, which is located 136 kilometres (85 mi) from Sortavala. In 2021, the population of Sortavala was 19,215.

Republic of Karelia
The Republic of Karelia, or simply Karelia or Karjala (Russian: Каре́лия, Ка́рьяла; Karelian: Karjala) is a republic of Russia situated in the northwest of the country. The republic is a part of the Northwestern Federal District, and covers an area of 172,400 square kilometres (66,600 square miles), with a population of 533,121 residents. Its capital is Petrozavodsk.

The modern Karelian Republic was founded as an autonomous republic within the Russian SFSR, by the Resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) on 27 June 1923 and by the Decree of the VTsIK and the Council of People's Commissars of 25 July 1923, from the Karelian Labour Commune. From 1940 to 1956, it was known as the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic, one of the republics of the Soviet Union. In 1956, it was once again made an autonomous republic and remained part of Russia following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Poo (surname)
Poo a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ai-jen Poo (born 1974), American labor activist

Fernão do Pó, 15th-century Portuguese navigator and explorer also known as Fernando Poo

Karin Sham Poo (born 1943), Norwegian banker and diplomat

Mu-ming Poo (born 1948), American neuroscientist

Murdaya Poo (1946–2025), Indonesian businessman and politician

Sam Poo (died 1865), Chinese bushranger in Australia, hanged for murder

Murdaya Poo
Murdaya Widyawimarta Poo (12 January 1941 – 7 April 2025) was an Indonesian billionaire businessman and politician. He was the founder of Central Cipta Murdaya, a conglomerate with interests in engineering, IT, palm oil, and plywood. He also owned a substantial stake in listed property developer Metropolitan Kentjana.

Poo was a member of the People's Representative Council from 2004 to 2009, representing the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDIP).
ChemRefer
ChemRefer was a service that allows searching of freely available and full-text chemical and pharmaceutical literature that is published by authoritative sources.

Features included basic and advanced search options, mouseover detailed view, an integrated chemical structure drawing and search tool, downloadable toolbar, customized RSS feeds, and newsletter.

ChemRefer was primarily of use to readers who do not have subscriptions for accessing restricted chemical literature, and to publishers who offer either open access or hybrid open access journals and seek to attract further subscriptions by publicly releasing part of their archive.

Hybrid open-access journal
A hybrid open-access journal is a subscription journal in which some of the articles are open access. This status typically requires the payment of a publication fee (also called an article processing charge or APC) to the publisher in order to publish an article open access, in addition to the continued payment of subscriptions to access all other content. Strictly speaking, the term "hybrid open-access journal" is incorrect, possibly misleading, as using the same logic such journals could also be called "hybrid subscription journals". Simply using the term "hybrid access journal" is accurate.

Publishers that offer a hybrid open access option often use different names for it. The SHERPA/RoMEO site provides a list of publishers and the names of their options. The Open Access Directory provides a list of funds that support open access journals, and provides information about which funds will pay fees of hybrid open access journals.
University of Ottawa Press
The University of Ottawa Press (French: Les Presses de l'Université d'Ottawa) is a bilingual university press located in Ottawa, Ontario. It publishes approximately 25-30 books annually in both English and French.   The UOP is the only fully bilingual university publishing house in Canada.

Like other university presses, the publishing program at the University of Ottawa Press includes scholarly works, textbooks and, on occasion, books of general interest.  While the UOP publishes volumes on a broad variety of subjects, it specializes in four main subject areas: social and cultural studies, translation and interpretation, political and international affairs, and literature and the arts.

The press is currently a member of the Association of University Presses.

Textbook
A textbook is a book containing a comprehensive compilation of content in a branch of study serving to explain the subject. Textbooks are produced to meet the needs of educators, usually at educational institutions, as well as learners (who could be independent learners outside of formal education). Schoolbooks are textbooks and other books used in schools. Today, many textbooks are published in both print and digital formats.
Muhammad Jibril (Qari)
Muhammad Muhammad Al-Sayyid Hasanain Jibril (born 1964), commonly known as Sheikh Muhammad Jibril, is an Egyptian Qari (Quran reciter) and Islamic scholar. He is best known for his decades-long tenure as the Imam of the Amr ibn al-As Mosque in Cairo, where he led the] prayers from 1988 until 2015. He currently resides in London, United Kingdom.

Qāriʾ
A qāriʾ (Arabic: قَارِئ, lit. 'reader', plural قُرَّاء qurrāʾ or قَرَأَة qaraʾa; feminine form: qāriʾa Arabic: قَارِئَة) is a person who recites the Quran with the proper rules of recitation (tajwid).

Although it is encouraged, a qāriʾ does not necessarily have to memorize the Quran, just to recite it according to the rules of tajwid with melodious sound.
Seax (band)
Seax (stylized as "SEAX") is an American speed metal band founded in 2009 in Worcester, Massachusetts. They play mostly speed metal with heavy metal elements. They were the opening act for a British heavy metal band Raven. The band has its own mascot named Sid Psycho.

Raven (British band)
Raven are an English heavy metal band, formed in 1974 by the Gallagher brothers, bassist and vocalist John and guitarist Mark. They have released fifteen studio albums to date, and had a hit with the single "On and On". Often referred to as "athletic rock" due to their tendency to wearing sports equipment during live sets, the band gained notoriety as part of the early-to-mid 1980s new wave of British heavy metal (NWOBHM) scene and is considered to be an influence and inspiration on the development of the thrash metal genre, including "the big four" (Metallica, Slayer, Megadeth and Anthrax), as well as other bands such as Testament, Exodus, Overkill, Kreator, Destruction, Sodom, Onslaught, Death Angel, Flotsam and Jetsam, Coroner, Annihilator, and Razor. Raven are also notable for headlining Metallica's first-ever national tour in 1983.
Compagnie Générale de Navigation sur le lac Léman
The Compagnie générale de navigation sur le Lac Léman or Lake Geneva General Navigation Company (commonly abbreviated to CGN) is a public Swiss company operating ships on Lake Geneva connecting towns in both France and Switzerland including Geneva, Vevey, Montreux, Évian-les-Bains, and Lausanne.

Vevey
Vevey (/vəˈveɪ/; French pronunciation: [vəvɛ] ⓘ; Arpitan: Vevê; former German: Vivis) is a town in Switzerland in the canton of Vaud, on the north shore of Lake Geneva, near Lausanne.  The German name Vivis is no longer commonly used.

It was the seat of the district of the same name until 2006, and is now part of the Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut District. It is part of the French-speaking area of Switzerland.

Vevey is home to the world headquarters of the international food and beverage company Nestlé, founded here in 1867. Milk chocolate was invented in Vevey by Daniel Peter in 1875, with the aid of Henri Nestlé. The English actor and comedian Charlie Chaplin resided in Vevey from 1952 until his death in 1977.
Huastec
Huastec can refer to either:

Huastec people, an indigenous group of Mexico

Huastec language (also called "Wasteko" and "Teenek"), spoken by the Huastec people

Huastec civilization, the pre-Columbian ancestors of the modern day Huastec people

Huastec civilization
The Huastec civilization (sometimes spelled Huaxtec or Wastek) was a pre-Columbian civilization of Mesoamerica, occupying a territory on the Gulf coast of Mexico that included the northern portion of Veracruz state, and neighbouring regions of the states of Hidalgo, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, and Tamaulipas. The Huastec people were an early offshoot of the Maya peoples that migrated northwards.

Surviving remains from the Huastec civilization include several large archaeological sites, a well-preserved temple, and a large amount of stone sculpture. By the Late Postclassic (c. AD 1200–1521), the Huastecs had developed metallurgy and were producing copper alloys. The Aztec Empire conquered the Huastec region around the 15th century, and probably demanded tribute payments.
NBA Christmas games
Games held by the National Basketball Association (NBA) on Christmas Day, December 25, have been an annual tradition since the league's second season in 1947. Since 2008, five games have been played on Christmas each year. Unlike the National Football League (NFL)'s traditional Thanksgiving Day games, the NBA's Christmas Day games have no fixed hosts; rather, they feature some of the best teams and players.

2010–11 NBA season
The 2010–11 NBA season was the 65th season of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The 2011 NBA All-Star Game was played on February 20, 2011, at Staples Center in Los Angeles. Chicago's Derrick Rose was named the 2010–11 NBA MVP. The Dallas Mavericks won their first championship by defeating the Miami Heat 4 games to 2.
Abraham Blum
Abraham Blum (also known as Abrasza Blum; born c. 1905, Wilno (now Vilnius) – May 1943, Warsaw) was a Polish-Jewish socialist activist, one of the leaders of the Bund in the Warsaw Ghetto and a participant in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.

General Jewish Labour Bund in Poland
The General Jewish Labour Bund in Poland (Yiddish: אַלגעמײַנער ײדישער אַרבעטער בּונד אין פוילן, romanized: Algemayner Yidisher Arbeter-bund in Poyln, Polish: Ogólno-Żydowski Związek Robotniczy "Bund" w Polsce) was a Jewish socialist party in Poland which promoted the political, cultural and social autonomy of Jewish workers, sought to combat antisemitism and was generally opposed to Zionism.
Maaz Khan (cricketer)
Maaz Khan (Urdu: معاذ خان; born 1 march 2003) is a Pakistani cricketer. He made his Twenty20 debut for the Lahore Qalandars in the 2018 Abu Dhabi T20 Trophy on 6 October 2018.

He belongs from Bajaur District.

He made his List A debut on 26 March 2022, for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the 2021–22 Pakistan Cup.

Bajaur District
Bajaur District (Pashto: باجوړ ولسوالۍ, Urdu: ضلع باجوڑ), formerly Bajaur Agency, is a district in the Malakand Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. Prior to 2018, Bajaur Agency was the northernmost component of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), a semi-autonomous region along the Afghanistan–Pakistan border. In May 2018, FATA was merged into the larger Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province (KPK) in an attempt to bring stability to the region, redesignating Bajaur Agency to Bajaur District.

The district lies on Pakistan's western border, sharing a 52 km border with Afghanistan's Kunar Province, and lies 35 mi (56 km) north of the Torkham border crossing linking Jalalabad and Peshawar. 498 square kilometer miles in size, Bajaur occupies a small mountain basin and is into seven tehsil (subdistricts) with its district headquarters in the town of Khar, in the district's center. According to the 2017 Pakistani census, Bajaur District has a population of 1,090,987.
Mandau (knife)
A mandau is the traditional weapon of the Dayak people of Borneo. It is also known as parang ilang among the Bidayuh, Iban and Penan people, malat by the Kayan people, baieng by the Kenyah people, or bandau by Lun Bawang, and pelepet or felepet by Lundayeh. The mandau is mostly ceremonial, but a less elaborate version called an ambang is used as an everyday practical tool.

Associated with the headhunting ceremony, in which people would gather to attack other tribes and gather heads to be used in various festivities, the mandau is both a work of art and a weapon.

Penan people
The Penan are a nomadic indigenous people living in Sarawak and Brunei, although there is only one small community in Brunei; among those in Brunei half have been converted to Islam, even if only superficially. Penan are one of the last such peoples remaining as hunters and gatherers. The Penan are noted for their practice of 'molong' which means never taking more than necessary. The originally animistic hunter gatherers Penan were Christianised by missionaries of the Borneo Evangelical Mission and were baptised and settled.  They eat plants, which are also used as medicines, and animals and use the hides, skin, fur, and other parts for clothing and shelter.