hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2020 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 2020.

Passenger rail ridership plummeted worldwide amid the COVID-19 pandemic; many services were reduced in frequency or discontinued outright.

Ningbo Rail Transit
Ningbo Rail Transit, also known as the Ningbo Metro, is a rapid transit system serving the city of Ningbo, Zhejiang and its suburbs. As of January 2026, 8 metro lines are in operation  inside the urban area of Ningbo, serving Haishu, Jiangbei, Zhenhai, Beilun and Yinzhou. The first phase of Line 1 started construction in June 2009 and began to service the public on May 30, 2014. Line 2 began service on September 26, 2015. Ningbo Rail Transit is the second rapid transit system in operation in Zhejiang Province, following the Hangzhou Metro.
The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences is a quarterly peer-reviewed medical journal in the field of neuropsychiatry. It was established in 1989 by Stuart Yudofsky and Robert Hales, with its first issue published that winter. It has been the official journal of the American Neuropsychiatric Association since 1991. It is published by the American Psychiatric Association and the Editor is David B. Arciniegas, MD, FANPA (University of New Mexico School of Medicine). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 2.192. The publisher reports a journal H-index of 104, with more than 62,000 citations to articles published in the journal and an average of over 18 citations per item.

American Psychiatric Association
38°52′47″N 77°01′30″W﻿ / ﻿38.879713°N 77.025061°W﻿ / 38.879713; -77.025061

The American Psychiatric Association (APA) is the main professional organization of psychiatrists and trainee psychiatrists in the United States, and the largest psychiatric organization in the world. It has more than 39,200 members who are involved in psychiatric practice, research, and academia representing a diverse population of patients in more than 100 countries. The association publishes various journals and pamphlets, as well as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The DSM codifies psychiatric conditions and is used mostly in the United States as a guide for diagnosing mental disorders.

The organization has its headquarters in Washington, D.C.
Three Cocks
Three Cocks or Aberllynfi (Welsh: [ˌabɛrˈɬənvi]) is a village near Glasbury in Powys, Wales. The Welsh name refers to the mouth of the Afon Llynfi which enters the River Wye a mile from the village. The nearest town is Talgarth some 2.7 miles (4.4 km) to the southwest.

River Wye
The River Wye (/waɪ/; Welsh: Afon Gwy [ɡʊɨ̯]) is the fourth-longest river in the UK, stretching some 250 kilometres (155 miles) from its source on Plynlimon in Mid Wales to the Severn Estuary.  The lower reaches of the river form part of the border between England and Wales. The Wye Valley (lower part) is designated a National Landscape (formerly an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty). The Wye is important for nature conservation and recreation, but is affected by pollution.
Achton Friis
Achton Friis (5 September 1871 – 17 December 1939) was a Danish illustrator, painter and writer. He participated in the Denmark expedition to Northeast Greenland in 1906–1908, creating a large number of works in the process, both landscape paintings and portraits, as well as a written account which was published in 1909. He later published several comprehensive and richly illustrated works with descriptions of the nature and cultural history of different parts of Denmark. In addition, he designed decorative works for the Bing & Grøndahl porcelain manufacturer.

He is buried at Vestre Cemetery in Copenhagen. His son, Claus Achton Friis, was also a painter and graphic artist.

Rudolph Tegner Museum
The Rudolph Tegner Museum is set in the middle of a protected area  just south of Dronningmølle on Zealand's north coast, some 50 km north of Copenhagen, Denmark. The museum is dedicated to the oeuvre of the sculptor Rudolph Tegner (1873–1950). The museum exhibits some 250 of Tegner's sculptures as well as models in plaster, clay, bronze and marble. The surrounding terrain features 14 of his statues.
Woofer (song)
"Woofer" is a Punjabi song by British producer Dr Zeus, featuring Snoop Dogg, Zora Randhawa, and Nargis Fakhri. Released on 13 December 2017, as the lead single from the album Global Injection, it was produced by Dr Zeus and released by Sony Music India and BeingU Music. The song won the PTC Punjabi Music Award for Song of the Year in 2018

Sony Music India
Sony Music Entertainment India Pvt. Ltd. is an Indian music record label operated by Sony and headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra. The company began operations in 1997 and was the first record company in India to be fully foreign-owned, with Sony being a Japanese corporation. From December 2013 to March 2020, the company distributed Warner Music Group releases in India and the SAARC region, until the launch of the Warner Music India division. Sony Music India is the largest foreign-owned music label in the country and the second-largest overall. It holds a 25% share of the Indian music market, ranking behind T-Series and ahead of Zee Music Company, with which it has a strategic partnership.
Alopias grandis
Alopias grandis is a species of giant thresher shark from the Miocene. Estimates calculated from teeth comparisons suggest the living animal was comparable in size to the extant great white shark. More recent studies replaced A. grandis into genus Trigonotodus.

Trigonotodus
Trigonotodus is an extinct genus of sharks, most likely belonging to the family Alopiidae. This genus includes three extinct species, which span from the early Eocene to the late Oligocene. It was originally placed in the family Otodontidae, but subsequently found to have affinities with thresher sharks. This genus is sometimes considered part of the genus Alopias.  It is currently only known from isolated teeth.
Jean Little First-Novel Award
The Jean Little First-Novel Award is an annual Canadian literary award, administered by the Canadian Children's Book Centre, to recognize a Canadian author's first middle-grade novel.

Named in honour of the late Jean Little, the award was established by fellow children's authors and Little's friends, Sarah Ellis, Kit Pearson, and Maggie de Vries, who is also Little's niece.  The award carries a monetary prize of $5,000. Jean Little (1932–2020) was an award-winning Canadian writer of more than 50 books for young readers.

The award is one of several presented by the Canadian Children's Book Centre each year; others include the Norma Fleck Award for Canadian Children's Non-Fiction, the Geoffrey Bilson Award for Historical Fiction for Young People and the Marilyn Baillie Picture Book Award.

Sarah Ellis (author)
Sarah Ellis (born 19 May 1952 in Vancouver) is a Canadian children's writer and librarian. She has been a librarian in Toronto and Vancouver. She has also written reviews for Quill and Quire. She taught writing at the Vermont College of Fine Arts and is a masthead reviewer for The Horn Book.

Ellis has said that she gets her ideas from "memories, anecdotes people tell me, radio interviews, dreams, newspaper articles, family stories, being curious, observing the world, paying attention." She is a strong advocate for children's literature and she belongs to many different clubs and unions such as the Writers' Union of Canada, the Vancouver Children's Literature Roundtable, Children's Writers and Illustrators and many more.
Battle of Thimeon
The Battle of Thiméon was a Frankish victory over the Vikings near Thiméon (near modern Charleroi, Wallonia) north of the Sambre in February 880.

In 879, Vikings from England settled on the river Scheldt. After celebrating Christmas at Frankfurt am Main that year and signing the Treaty of Ribemont with Louis III and Carloman II of West Francia, Louis the Younger of East Francia marched an army northward on the Viking settlement. The battle was a rout for the Vikings, 5,000 of whom were killed, but the Frankish king also sustained a heavy loss: his only surviving son, the illegitimate Hugh, was killed in action.

East Francia
East Francia (Latin: Francia orientalis) or the Kingdom of the East Franks (Regnum Francorum orientalium) was a successor state of the Carolingian Empire ruled by the Carolingian dynasty until 911. It was established through the 843 Treaty of Verdun which divided the former kingdom of Francia into three kingdoms: Francia Orientalis (the East Frankish kingdom); Francia Media (the Middle Frankish kingdom); and Francia Occidentalis (the West Frankish kingdom).

The east–west division with the Treaty of Verdun, enforced by the Germanic-Latin language split, "gradually hardened into the establishment of separate kingdoms", with East Francia becoming (or being) the Kingdom of Germany, and West Francia becoming the Kingdom of France.
Christmas orchid
Christmas orchid is a name for various orchids, flowering around the time of Christmas or otherwise popular as a Christmas decoration:

Angraecum sesquipedale (Star of Bethlehem orchid)

Calanthe triplicata – SE Asia, Australia, western Pacific

Cattleya percivaliana (Percival's cattleya)

Dendrobium cunninghamii (Winika)

Cattleya trianae (May flower)

Dendrobium cunninghamii
Dendrobium cunninghamii, commonly known as winika, pekapeka, Christmas orchid, bamboo orchid or ladies slipper orchid, is a species of epiphytic orchids that is endemic to New Zealand. It is commonly found growing in rainforest in the North, South, Stewart and Chatham Islands and normally flowers in summer and early autumn.
Earth4All
Earth4All is an initiative launched in 2022 that promotes economic systems change to achieve sustainable development and social equity within planetary boundaries. The project builds upon the legacy of The Limits to Growth report from 1972 and is convened by the Club of Rome, the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, the Stockholm Resilience Centre and the BI Norwegian Business School. Earth4All is also the name of the computer model used in the initiative's research, while the initiative's primary publication is titled Earth for All: A Survival Guide for Humanity.

Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
The Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK, German: Potsdam-Institut für Klimafolgenforschung) is a German government-funded research institute addressing crucial scientific questions in the fields of global change, climate impacts, and sustainable development. Ranked among the top environmental think tanks worldwide, it is one of the leading research institutions and part of a global network of scientific and academic institutions working on questions of global environmental change. It is a member of the Leibniz Association, whose institutions perform research on subjects of high relevance to society.

Heads of the institute are Ottmar Edenhofer, Johan Rockström and Bettina Hörstrup.
One Love, One Life
One Love, One Life is the fifteenth studio album by the Jamaican reggae singer Beres Hammond, released as a double album on 13 November 2012 by VP Records.
One Love, One Life consists of 20 songs and Hammond himself produced 19 out of 20  songs with various co-producers including Donovan Germain on "No Candle Light", Collin 'Bulby' York on "In My Arms", and Michael Fletcher on "More Time".  
The first disc, One Love features Hammond's distinctive classic lovers rock sounds, such as "No Candle Light", "In My Arms", and "Keep Me Warm". In contrast, the second disc concentrates on socially conscious and empowering tracks such as "You Stand Alone", "Truth Will Live On", and "Prime Time".

One Love, One Life was Hammond's first album in four years. In January 2014 it was nominated for a Grammy Award.

VP Records
VP Records is an independent record label in Queens, New York specialized in Caribbean music. The label is known for releasing music by notable artists in reggae, dancehall and soca. VP Records has offices in New York City, Miami, London, Kingston, Tokyo, Johannesburg, Rio de Janeiro and Toronto. Additionally, the label has established a presence in Australia and New Zealand.
Sam Ernst
Sam Ernst is an American television writer and producer best known for working on shows such as Cross, Daredevil, Carnival Row, Hand of God, Haven, and The Dead Zone. He frequently collaborates with his writing partner Jim Dunn. In 2010, he and Dunn co-created the Syfy supernatural drama series Haven, based upon the Stephen King short story "The Colorado Kid". Since April 2005, he and Dunn have co-run a podcast website called "Sam and Jim Go to Hollywood", where they chronicle their experiences in Hollywood.

Carnival Row
Carnival Row is an American fantasy television series created by René Echevarria and Travis Beacham, based on Beacham's unproduced film spec script, A Killing on Carnival Row. Starring Orlando Bloom and Cara Delevingne, the series follows mythological beings who must survive as oppressed refugees in human society, as a detective works to solve murders connected with them.

Carnival Row's first season was released in its entirety on Amazon Prime Video on August 30, 2019. In July 2019, Amazon renewed the series for a second season, which premiered on February 17, 2023, and served as the series's final season, concluding on March 17, 2023.
Cassandra's Dream (soundtrack)
Cassandra's Dream is the soundtrack to the 2008 Woody Allen film Cassandra's Dream and features an original orchestral score by Philip Glass. The soundtrack was released in 2007 by Orange Mountain Music.

Cassandra's Dream
Cassandra's Dream is a 2007 crime thriller drama film written and directed by Woody Allen. It stars Hayley Atwell, Colin Farrell, Sally Hawkins, Ewan McGregor and Tom Wilkinson. Shot in England, the film is a co-production between the United States, France, and the United Kingdom.

The film premiered in secret in Avilés, Spain, on 18 June 2007. It officially premiered at the 64th Venice International Film Festival on 2 September 2007 and was already in theaters in Spain by 3 November. The film had its North American premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on 11 September 2007. Cassandra's Dream was released theatrically in France on 31 October 2007, in the United States on 18 January 2008, and in the United Kingdom on 23 May 2008.
Maarten Raven
Maarten J. Raven (born 1953, Utrecht) is a Dutch Egyptologist.

Raven is the curator (since 1978) of the department of Egyptology at the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden in Leiden. In addition to his work at the museum, he has been active as an archeologist in Saqqara since 1975. In Saqqara, he has been working (as joint field director since 1999) on a New Kingdom archeological burial site, a cooperation of the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden and the Egypt Exploration Society (1975–1998) and Leiden University (1999-) In September 2012 he was also appointed as extraordinary professor 'Museology of Ancient Egypt' at Leiden University.

Raven studied Egyptian languages, art history and archeology at Leiden University, and wrote a PhD thesis ("Symbols of resurrection: three studies in ancient Egyptian iconography") in 1984. Raven published extensively on the collections of the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden and his field work at Saqqara.

Rijksmuseum van Oudheden
The Rijksmuseum van Oudheden (English: Imperial Museum of Antiquities) is the national archaeological museum of the Netherlands, located in Leiden. It grew out of the collection of Leiden University and still closely co-operates with its Faculty of Archaeology. The museum calls itself "the national centre for archaeology" and focuses on ancient Egypt, the ancient Near East, the classical world of Greece, Etruria and Rome and the early (prehistoric, Roman and Medieval) Netherlands.
Michael Warren (footballer)
Michael Warren (born 20 March 1982) is an Australian rules footballer who plays for Claremont in the West Australian Football League and once played for Fremantle in the Australian Football League.  He plays as a ruckman or key defender.

Warren, originally from South Bunbury, made his debut for Claremont in 2003.  He was then selected by Fremantle with the 41st selection in the 2004 Rookie Draft and was elevated to the senior list at the end of the 2005 AFL season.
He made his AFL debut against Melbourne at the MCG in Round 7, 2006 when injuries forced first-choice ruckmen Aaron Sandilands and Justin Longmuir to miss the game.  
He was delisted by Fremantle at the end of the 2006 AFL season without playing another game but continued to play for Claremont in the WAFL.  He was a member of Claremont's 2004, 2005 and 2007 WAFL Grand Final teams, but lost all three, twice to Subiaco and once to South Fremantle.  He switched to play for East Fremantle in 2010.

South Bunbury Football Club
South Bunbury Football Club is a semi-professional Australian rules football club based in South Bunbury, Western Australia. The club plays in the South West Football League. Since being founded in 1897 the club has won 46 premierships and has been a runner-up 24 times. Since joining the SWFL in 1957 the club has won 17 premierships.

The club sits second nationally in terms of senior premierships won. North (King Island) have won 47 while South Bunbury are second with 46. It is likely that one of these two clubs will be the first club in Australia to win 50 senior premierships.
Kalavaram
Kalavaram (English: Riot) is a 2014 Tamil film directed by S. D. Ramesh Selvan and produced by Ravichandran. The film features veteran actors Sathyaraj and Tanikella Bharani in the leading roles, while an ensemble cast of newcomers play other pivotal roles. The film, which had been in production since 2010, released on 14 January 2014.

Tanikella Bharani
Tanikella Dasha Bharani Sesha Prasad (born 14 July 1954) is an Indian actor, screenwriter, poet and playwright who works predominantly in Telugu cinema. He has worked as an actor in more than 750 films, including few in Tamil, Kannada and Hindi; while he was also screenwriter for 52 films. He has won three Nandi Awards.
As-Sanamayn District
As-Sanamayn District (Arabic: منطقة الصنمين) is a district (mantiqah) administratively belonging to Daraa Governorate, Syria. At the 2004 Census it had a population of 167,993. Its administrative centre is the city of As-Sanamayn.

Daraa Governorate
Daraa Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة درعا Muḥāfaẓat Dar‘ā) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in the south-west of the country and covers an area of 2594 km2. It is bordered by Jordan to the south, Quneitra Governorate and Golan Heights to the west, Rif Dimashq Governorate to the north and Suwayda Governorate to the east. The capital is the city of Daraa.

The governorate had a population of 843,478 in the 2004 census.
Several clashes have occurred within the governorate throughout the Syrian civil war.
Mintar
Mintar (Arabic: المنطار)  is a Syrian village located in Jisr al-Shughur Nahiyah in Jisr al-Shughur District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Mintar had a population of 563 in the 2004 census.

Jisr ash-Shughur Subdistrict
Jisr ash-Shughur Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية مركز جسر الشغور)  is a Syrian nahiyah (subdistrict) located in Jisr ash-Shughur District in Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Jisr ash-Shughur Subdistrict had a population of 89,028 in the 2004 census.
Babinek, Pyrzyce County
Babinek [baˈbinɛk] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bielice, within Pyrzyce County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north of Bielice, 18 km (11 mi) north-west of Pyrzyce, and 20 km (12 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Pyrzyce County
Pyrzyce County (Polish: powiat pyrzycki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Pyrzyce, which lies 38 kilometres (24 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin. The only other town in the county is Lipiany, lying 16 km (10 mi) south of Pyrzyce.

The county covers an area of 725.71 square kilometres (280.2 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 39,931, out of which the population of Pyrzyce is 12,642, that of Lipiany is 4,124, and the rural population is 23,165.
Shoeburyness Depot
Shoeburyness Carriage Servicing Depot is an Electric Traction Depot located in Shoeburyness, Essex, England. The depot is situated on the London, Tilbury and Southend line and is near Shoeburyness station. To the east of the depot is MoD Shoeburyness and there is a rail connection into that site from the depot.

MOD Shoeburyness
MOD Shoeburyness is a Ministry of Defence installation, managed by QinetiQ, at Pig's Bay near Shoeburyness in Essex.

The site consists of a range covering a land area of 7,500 acres (3,000 ha) with 35,000 acres (14,000 ha) of tidal sands and 21 operational firing areas. MOD Shoeburyness is also a centre of excellence for environmental testing of ordnance, munitions and explosives. The Environmental Test Centre on site also simulates extreme environmental conditions to evaluate military vehicles and equipment.

MOD Shoeburyness has been a weapons testing site for more than 170 years.
Huracán de San Rafael
Club Atlético Huracán (usually simply Huracán) is a football team from San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina. It used to play in the Torneo Argentino A (3rd level interior) although it was relegated in 2001–02. In 2008–09 it played in the Torneo Argentino C (5th level interior).

San Rafael, Mendoza
San Rafael is a city in the southern region of the Mendoza Province, Argentina. With more than 118,000 inhabitants (2010 census [INDEC]), it is the largest city in and the seat of San Rafael Department.

The city is located 240 km from the provincial capital and 990 km from the federal capital.  Natural attractions in the area include the Diamante River, which flows through the city, the rapids-strewn Atuel River just south and Lake Los Reyunos, 20 km (12 mi) west of San Rafael.
Anurag Sharma (physicist)
Anurag Sharma (born 7 May 1955) is an Indian physicist and a professor at the department of physics of the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. He is known for his pioneering researches on optoelectronics and optical communications and is an elected fellow of all the three major Indian science academies viz. Indian Academy of Sciences, Indian National Science Academy and National Academy of Sciences, India as well as Indian National Academy of Engineering. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards for his contributions to Engineering Sciences in 1998.

Indian Academy of Sciences
The Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore was founded by Indian Physicist and Nobel Laureate C. V. Raman, and was registered as a society on 27 April 1934. Inaugurated on 31 July 1934, it began with 65 founding fellows. The first general meeting of Fellows, held on the same day, elected Raman as president, and adopted the constitution of the Academy.