hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
BMAS
BMAS may stand for:

Bank Maspion, Indonesian banking and financial services public company

British Medical Acupuncture Society

British Military Administration (Somaliland)

Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales, German Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs

Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs
The Federal Ministry for Labour and Social Affairs (German: Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsminɪsˌteːʁiʊm fyːɐ̯ ˈʔaʁbaɪt ʔʊnt zoˈtsi̯aːləs] ⓘ; abbreviated BMAS) is a federal ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany headed by the Federal Minister of Labour and Social Affairs as a member of the Cabinet of Germany (Bundesregierung). Its first location is on Wilhelmstrasse in Berlin, the second in Bonn.
Crab Orchard and Egyptian Railway
The Crab Orchard and Egyptian Railway (reporting mark COER) (formerly American Rail Heritage, Ltd. d/b/a Crab Orchard, and Egyptian Railroad Company) is a Class III common carrier shortline railroad that operates in the cities of Marion and Herrin in the Southern Illinois region. It is most historically recognized by the FRA for being the last U.S. railroad of any kind to use steam locomotives exclusively in regular revenue freight service up until March 1986.

Federal Railroad Administration
The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) is an agency in the United States Department of Transportation (DOT). The agency was created by the Department of Transportation Act of 1966. The purpose of the FRA is to promulgate and enforce rail safety regulations, administer railroad assistance programs, conduct research and development in support of improved railroad safety and national rail transportation policy, provide for the rehabilitation of Northeast Corridor rail passenger service, and consolidate government support of rail transportation activities.

The FRA is one of ten agencies within DOT concerned with intermodal transportation. It operates through seven divisions under the offices of the Administrator and Deputy Administrator. These divisions are Financial Management and Administration, Chief Counsel, Civil Rights, Public Affairs, Public Engagement, Railroad Policy and Development, and Safety. It has a staff of about 850.
Louisville Eccentric Observer
The Louisville Eccentric Observer (also called LEO Weekly but widely known as just LEO) is a privately owned free urban alternative weekly newspaper, distributed every Wednesday in about 700 locations throughout the Louisville, Kentucky, metropolitan area, including areas of southern Indiana. The newspaper was founded in 1990 by John Yarmuth, Robert Schulman, Denny Crum (then the coach of the University of Louisville men's basketball team), and two other investors.

The paper carries various nationally syndicated columns and features such as News of the Weird and The New York Times crossword puzzle. However, the reviews of music, restaurants, theatre, films, books, and local and sports news, are all written by local writers. In the past, it featured popular columns by national writers Molly Ivins and Dave Barry.

Louisville Cardinals men's basketball
The Louisville Cardinals men's basketball team is the men's college basketball program representing the University of Louisville (U of L) in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) of NCAA Division I. The Cardinals have officially won two NCAA championships in 1980 and 1986 (with the 2013 title being vacated); and have officially been to eight Final Fours (with the 2012 and 2013 appearances being vacated) in 39 official NCAA tournament appearances while compiling 61 tournament wins.
Prélude d'Eginhard
The Prélude d'Eginhard (Prelude to Eginhard) is an 1893 composition for solo piano by Erik Satie. It is a notable example of his "Rosicrucian" or "mystic" period. Unpublished during his lifetime, it was issued posthumously in 1929. A typical performance  lasts under 3 minutes.

Although it stands as one of Satie's more obscure pieces, it has been admired for its succinctness and well-balanced musical construction. Composer-musicologist Patrick Gowers ventured that the Prélude d'Eginhard was "perhaps the most perfect miniature" in all of Satie's Rose + Croix music.

Rosicrucianism
Rosicrucianism (/ˌroʊzɪˈkruːʃəˌnɪzəm, ˌrɒzɪ-/) is a spiritual and cultural movement influenced by Esoteric Christianity and Hermeticism that arose in early modern Europe in the early 17th century after the publication of several texts announcing to the world a new secret society. Rosicrucianism is symbolized by the Rose Cross or Rosy Cross. There have been several Rosicrucian (or Rosicrucian-inspired) organizations since the initial movement was founded, including the Order of the Golden and Rosy Cross (1750s–1790s), the Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia (1865–present), and the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn (1887–1903).
Mount Silliman
Mount Silliman is a mountain in California along the boundary between Sequoia National Park and Kings Canyon National Park The summit, at 11,193 feet (3,412 m) is on the Sillman Crest, a part of the Kings-Kaweah Divide.

Yosemite Decimal System
The Yosemite Decimal System (YDS) is a five-part grading system used for rating the difficulty of rock climbing routes in the United States and Canada. It was first devised by members of the Sierra Club in Southern California in the 1950s as a refinement of earlier systems from the 1930s, and quickly spread throughout North America.
Kellie Gerardi
Kellie Gerardi (born February 16, 1989) is an American social media influencer, defense professional, and commercial astronaut who is known for a sub-orbital spaceflight with Virgin Galactic and her candidacy for the Mars One reality television show.

Gerardi works at Palantir Technologies as a lead on the company's mission operations team and is the director of human spaceflight operations for the International Institute for Astronautical Sciences. She is scheduled to lead an all-female sub-orbital spaceflight with Virgin Galactic in 2026.

Gerardi was among the first 100 women in space. In 2025, she won a Webby Award for sharing her personal struggles with fertility on social media, was listed in Time's 100 creators, and named one of USA Today's women of the year.

Commercial astronaut
A commercial astronaut is a person who is a crew member of a privately-owned spacecraft.

The FAA launched the commercial astronaut designation in 2004 to promote commercial innovation for spaceflight and was awarding commercial astronaut wings to non-astronaut people that flew into space. The program was ended in 2022 with the rise of commercial space tourism that involved non-crew-controlled space craft that are either ground-controlled or autonomously controlled entirely by on-board computers, with people flying into space as such non-crew members are designated as spaceflight participant instead.
Preethi Vathsalya
Preethi Vathsalya is a 1984 Indian Kannada-language film, directed by H. R. Bhargava and produced by Bhargava and D. V. Rajaram. The film stars Tiger Prabhakar, Aarathi, Srinath and Sridhar. The film has musical score by Rajan–Nagendra.

Sridhar (actor)
Sridhar is an Indian actor in the Kannada film industry, and also a dance scholar, performer and choreographer, trained in Bharatanatyam.  He also holds a degree in engineering. Sridhar is married to Anuradha, also a Bharatanatyam dance performer; both have performed for many dance shows as a duo. In 2014, he received Doctorate (D.Lit) for his thesis on the 'Socio-cultural aspects of the Male Dancer in Bharatanatyam' from the Kannada University, Hampi.
Tutkheperre Shoshenq
Tutkheperre Shoshenq (Egyptian: twt-ḫpr-rʿ stp/mr-n-rʿ/jmn/ptḥ ššnq mrj-jmn), arbitrarily designated Shoshenq IIb, is an obscure Third Intermediate Period ancient Egyptian pharaoh whose existence was only recently confirmed, based on attestations from Abydos and Bubastis.

Bubastis
Bubastis (Bohairic Coptic: Ⲡⲟⲩⲃⲁⲥϯ Poubasti; Greek: Βούβαστις Boubastis or Βούβαστος Boubastos), also known in Arabic as Tell-Basta or in Egyptian as Per-Bast, was an ancient Egyptian city. Bubastis is often identified with the biblical Pi-Beseth (Hebrew: פי-בסת py-bst, Ezekiel 30:17). It was the capital of its own nome, located along the River Nile in the Delta region of Lower Egypt, and notable as a center of worship for the feline goddess Bastet, and therefore the principal depository in Egypt of mummies of cats.

Its ruins are located in the suburbs of the modern city of Zagazig.
Rustaveli (crater)
Rustaveli is a crater on Mercury. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 2012, after the Georgian poet Shota Rustaveli.

Rustaveli is one of 110 peak ring basins on Mercury.  The interior has mostly been flooded by impact melt or volcanic deposits.

A confirmed dark spot is present in northern Rustaveli.  This dark spot is associated with hollows (see below).

To the east of Rustaveli is Kulthum crater.  The crater Copland and Nathair Facula are to the southwest.

Nathair Facula
Nathair Facula is a bright region on the surface of Mercury, located at 36° N, 295.5° W.  It was named by the IAU in 2018. Nathair is the Irish and Scottish Gaelic word for snake.

In the center of the region is an irregular depression with crisp topography, surrounded by a region of subdued features.  It is interpreted to be the site of explosive volcanic eruptions. Hollows have formed within the depression.  The facula is approximately 270 km wide, although the edges are diffuse.

Nathair Facula is located in the Hokusai quadrangle, northeast of the prominent Rachmaninoff crater, west of Copland crater, and east of the smaller Neidr Facula.
Linat-an
Linat-an, also known as nilat-an, is a traditional pork stew from the Visayas and Mindanao islands of the Philippines. Linat-an characteristically uses pork ribs (or other bony cuts of pork) boiled and simmered until very tender, lemongrass (tanglad), string beans, and starchy ingredients for a thicker soup (usually taro). Like the very similar nilagang baboy, the rest of its ingredients can vary, but they typically include chayote, water spinach, onion, garlic, pechay, calabaza, and bell peppers. It is seasoned with salt, ground black pepper, and fish sauce to taste.

The name "linat-an" literally means "boiled until very tender". It can also be used generally to refer to other types of stews, including those made with beef or chicken.

Simmering
Simmering is a food preparation technique by which foods are cooked in hot liquids kept just below the boiling point of water (lower than 100 °C or 212 °F) and above poaching temperature (higher than 71–80 °C or 160–176 °F). To create a steady simmer, a liquid is brought to a boil, then its heat source is reduced to a lower, constant intensity (smaller flame on a gas stove, lower temperature on an induction/electric stove). Visually a liquid will show a little movement without approaching a rolling boil.
Graham patch
A Graham patch is a surgical technique that is used to close duodenal perforations. A piece of omentum is used to cover the perforation. This patch is typically used for holes with a size of 5mm or less.

Greater omentum
The greater omentum (also the great omentum, omentum majus, gastrocolic omentum, epiploon, or, especially in non-human animals, caul) is a large apron-like fold of visceral peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach. It extends from the greater curvature of the stomach, passes in front of the small intestines, and doubles back to ascend to the transverse colon before reaching to the posterior abdominal wall.  The greater omentum is larger than the lesser omentum, which hangs down from the liver to the lesser curvature. The common anatomical term "epiploic" derives from "epiploon", from Greek  epipleein 'to float or sail on', since the greater omentum appears to float on the surface of the intestines. It is the first structure observed when the abdominal cavity is opened anteriorly (from the front).
Montalto Uffugo
Montalto Uffugo (Calabrian: Muntàvutu) is a city and comune of the province of Cosenza in the Calabria region of southern Italy.  The original name of the town was Montalto.  Uffugo was added to the town's name after the unification period in the 1860s. It was the childhood home of composer Ruggero Leoncavallo.  His  opera Pagliacci takes place in Montalto.

Province of Cosenza
The province of Cosenza (Italian: provincia di Cosenza) is a province in the region of Calabria in Italy. Its capital is the city of Cosenza. It has a population of 669,239 across its 150 municipalities.

The province of Cosenza contains a community of Occitan language (also known as Langue d'oc) speakers in Guardia Piemontese: it was formed by Vaudoi or Waldensian movement members, who moved to Cosenza to avoid religious persecution, in the 13th and 14th centuries. Many of the Arbëreshë Albanians of Italy live in the province, since arriving in the 16th century to flee the religious persecution undertaken by the Ottoman Empire.
Tomb of Lê Văn Duyệt
Tomb of Lê Văn Duyệt (Vietnamese: Lăng Tả quân Lê Văn Duyệt), also known as Tomb of the Marshal in Ba Chieu (Lăng Ông - Bà Chiểu), is a Vietnamese tomb located in Bình Thạnh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The tomb was originally built for Marshal Lê Văn Duyệt and his wife but later became some other Nguyễn dynasty's mandarins worship house.

Mandarin (bureaucrat)
A mandarin (Chinese: 官; pinyin: guān) was a bureaucrat scholar in the history of China, Korea and Vietnam.

The term is generally applied to the officials appointed through the imperial examination system.
Los Adobes Formation
Los Adobes Formation is an Early Cretaceous (Aptian) geologic formation in Chubut Province, in the Cañadón Asfalto Basin of central Patagonia, Argentina. The formation belongs to the Chubut Group and represents the Early Cretaceous K1 megasequence in the basin, unconformably overlying the Late Jurassic Cañadón Calcáreo Formation and is overlain by the Albian Cerro Barcino Formation.

Los Adobes Formation was deposited in an alluvial to fluvial environment and the mudstones of the overall sandy and conglomeratic unit have provided fossils of a chelid turtle whose indeterminate remains were described by Sterli et al. in 2020.

Aptian
The Aptian is an age in the geologic timescale or a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is a subdivision of the Early or Lower Cretaceous Epoch or Series and encompasses the time from 121.4 ± 0.6 Ma to 113.2 ± 0.3 Ma (million years ago), approximately. The Aptian succeeds the Barremian and precedes the Albian, all part of the Lower/Early Cretaceous.

The Aptian partly overlaps the upper part of the Western European Urgonian Stage.

The Selli Event, also known as OAE1a, was one of two oceanic anoxic events in the Cretaceous Period, which occurred around 120 Ma and lasted approximately 1 to 1.3 million years, being marked by enhanced silicate weathering, as well as ocean acidification. The Aptian extinction was a minor extinction event hypothesized to have occurred around 116 to 117 Ma.
Šuppiluliuma (Kummuh)
Šuppiluliuma (Akkadian: Ušpilulume; Hieroglyphic Luwian: PURU.S.FONS.MI-sa) was a Neo-Hittite king of Kummuh (Classical Commagene), attested in various sources between 805 and 773 BC. He bore the title of ruler.

Ruler
A ruler is an instrument used to make length measurements, whereby a length is read from a series of markings called "rules" along an edge of the device. Alternatively, it is called a rule, scale, line gauge, or metre/meter stick. Usually, the instrument is rigid and the edge itself is a straightedge ("ruled straightedge"), which additionally allows one to draw straighter lines. Rulers are an important tool  in geometry, geography and mathematics. They have been used since at least 2650 BC.
St Mary's Church, Chigwell
St Mary's Church is a Grade II* listed Church of England church in Chigwell, Essex, England. Its parish was later united with that of All Saints Chigwell Row and then in 1994 with St Winifred's, which had been built in 1935 as a chapel of ease to St Mary's.

Samuel Harsnett, future Archbishop of York, was Vicar of Chigwell from 1597 to 1605, founded two schools there in 1619 and was buried in St Mary's in 1631. The church also contains a wall monument to the Tudor politician Thomas Colshill, whilst its churchyard contains the remains of Thomas Edwards, recipient of the Victoria Cross for actions at the Battle of Tamai in 1884.

Thomas Edwards (VC)
Thomas Edwards VC (19 April 1863 – 27 March 1952) born in England, was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
Black Crow Limestone
The Black Crow Limestone is an Early Eocene (Late Ypresian to Early Lutetian) geologic formation in the Sperrgebiet, ǁKaras Region of southwestern Namibia. The limestones of the approximately 10 metres (33 ft) thin formation were deposited in a lacustrine to paludal environment. The formation provides many fossil mammals and amphibians, reptiles, fresh water snails and fish.

Depositional environment
In geology, depositional environment or sedimentary environment describes the combination of physical, chemical, and biological processes associated with the deposition of a particular type of sediment and, therefore, the rock types that will be formed after lithification, if the sediment is preserved in the rock record. In most cases, the environments associated with particular rock types or associations of rock types can be matched to existing analogues. However, the further back in geological time sediments were deposited, the more likely that direct modern analogues are not available (e.g. banded iron formations).
Re Enzo (opera)
Re Enzo (King Enzo) is an opera in three acts by Ottorino Respighi to a libretto by Alberto Donini (a student friend of Respighi). Re Enzo premiered on 12 March 1905 at the Teatro del Corso in Bologna. The singers were amateurs selected in the world of the Bolognese students; among them, Rosina Giovannoni Zacchi as Lauretta and Ernesto Lavarello as Leonzio. Following the will of the composer, there was a single performance, which obtained a good success.

Re Enzo is organized as an operetta, with a succession of musical pieces and dialogues.

In modern times, Re Enzo was revived in September 2004 at the Teatro Comunale di Bologna, with Cristiano Cremonini (Re Enzo), Yoon Bin Jung (Lauretta), Filomena Pericoli (Isabella), Giuseppe di Paola (Podestà) and Maurizio Amadori (Gigione). The performance, conducted by Luigi Pagliarini, was presented as a collaboration between various institutions of the city of Bologna (Conservatory, Academy of Arts and University).

Teatro Comunale di Bologna
The Teatro Comunale di Bologna is an opera house in Bologna, Italy.  Typically, it presents eight operas with six performances during its November to April season.

While there had been various theatres presenting opera in Bologna since the early 17th century, they had either fallen into disuse or burnt down. However, from the early 18th century, the Teatro Marsigli-Rossi had been presenting operatic works by popular composers of the day including Vivaldi, Gluck, and Niccolò Piccinni. The Teatro Malvezzi, built in 1651, burned down in February 1745 and this event prompted the construction of a new theatre, the Nuovo Teatro Pubblico, as the Teatro Comunale was originally called when it opened on 14 May 1763.
Pristimantis lythrodes
Pristimantis lythrodes, also known as Lescure's robber frog, is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is found in northern Peru (Loreto Region) and in southern Colombia (Amazonas Department) near the Peruvian border.
Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forests and swamps.

Strabomantidae
The Strabomantidae, sometimes called cloud forest landfrogs, are a family of frogs native to South America. These frogs lack a free-living larval stage and hatch directly into miniature "froglets". This family includes Pristimantis, the most speciose genus of any vertebrate. Based on molecular dating, the Holoadeninae in particular appears to have originated in the Eocene. The Oligocene-Miocene transition was also found to be important to their biogeographical history. However, the lack of Holoadeninae fossils and limited nucleotide data ambiguates the results, by the authors' admission.
Bad Machinery
Bad Machinery is a webcomic written and drawn by John Allison and set in the fictional town of Tackleford, West Yorkshire, England. Bad Machinery started on 21 September 2009 loosely based on characters and situations from John Allison's previous webcomic, Scary Go Round. New full colour paneled pages appeared four times a week.

The story of Bad Machinery picks up three years after the end of Scary Go Round and involves two groups of schoolchildren that investigate mysteries.

Oni Press
Oni Press is an American independent comic book and graphic novel publisher based in Portland, Oregon, best known for publishing such series as Scott Pilgrim and Rick and Morty. In 2019, it became an imprint label following the company's merger with Lion Forge Comics. The merged company, Oni–Lion Forge Publishing Group (OLFPG), is owned by Polarity. Oni Press has remained the "predominant name used for publishing comics" by OLFPG.
Swimming at the 2003 World Aquatics Championships – Men's 50 metre breaststroke
The Men's 50 Breaststroke event at the 10th FINA World Aquatics Championships swam July 22 – 23, 2003 in Barcelona, Spain. Preliminary and Semifinal heats were on 22 July, with Prelims swum in the morning session and Semifinals in the evening session. The Final swam in the evening session on 25 July.

At the start of the event, the existing World (WR) and Championship (CR) records were:

WR: 27.18 swum by Oleg Lisogor (Ukraine) on August 2, 2002 in Berlin, Germany

CR: 27.52 swum by Oleg Lisogor (Ukraine) on July 29, 2001 in Fukuoka, Japan

2002 European Aquatics Championships
The 2002 LEN European Championships were held in Berlin, Germany from Monday 29 July to Sunday 4 August 2002 at the Berlin Eurosportpark in the German capital. The 26th edition of the event was organised by the LEN. A total number of 786 swimmers competed, from 38 countries. The event included disciplines of swimming (long course), open water swimming, diving, and synchronized swimming (women). A 10 km open water event, for both men and women was introduced in the open water swimming competition, this was held in Potsdam.
Regional Government of Moquegua
The Regional Government of Moquegua (Spanish: Gobierno Regional de Moquegua; GORE Moquegua) is the regional government that represents the Department of Moquegua. It is the body with legal identity in public law and its own assets, which is in charge of the administration of provinces of the department in Peru. Its purpose is the social, cultural and economic development of its constituency. It is based in the city of Moquegua.

Legal person
In law, a legal person is any person or legal entity that can do the things a human person is usually able to do in law – such as enter into contracts, sue and be sued, own property, and so on. The reason for the term "legal person" is that some legal persons are not human persons: companies and corporations (i.e., business entities) are persons, legally speaking (they can legally do most of the things an ordinary person can do), but they are not, in a literal sense, human beings.

Legal personhood is a prerequisite to legal capacity (the ability of any legal person to amend – i.e. enter into, transfer, etc. – rights and obligations): it is a prerequisite for an international organization being able to sign international treaties in its own name.