hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Walter Butterfield
Walter Butterfield (6 August 1870 – 19 July 1954) was an English first-class cricketer who played for Derbyshire in 1896.

Butterfield was born in Dewsbury, Yorkshire. He started playing for Allestree Cricket Club in 1894 where he was "head and shoulders" above most players of his time and was the first Allestree player to make a century and the club's only player to take all 10 wickets in a match. He made two appearances for Derbyshire during the 1896 season both innings defeats by Surrey. Butterfield was a right-handed batsman and played four innings in his two matches in which he made a total of eleven runs, seven of which came in one innings. He was a right-arm medium-pace bowler and took one first-class wicket in six overs for the loss of twenty runs.

Butterfield died in West Bridgford, Nottinghamshire aged 84.

West Bridgford
West Bridgford (/ˈbrɪdʒfərd/) is a town and the administrative centre of the borough of Rushcliffe, in the county of Nottinghamshire, England. It lies south of Nottingham city centre, east of Wilford, north of Ruddington and west of Radcliffe-on-Trent; it is also south-west of Colwick and south-east of Beeston, which are on the opposite bank of the River Trent. The town is part of the Nottingham Urban Area and had a population of 36,487 in the 2021 Census.
Ballast tank
A ballast tank is a compartment within a boat, ship or other floating structure that holds water, which is used as ballast to provide hydrostatic stability for a vessel, to reduce or control buoyancy, as in a submarine, to correct trim or list, to provide a more even load distribution along the hull to reduce structural hogging or sagging stresses, or to increase draft, as in a semi-submersible vessel or platform, or a SWATH, to improve seakeeping. Using water in a tank provides easier weight adjustment than the stone or iron ballast used in older vessels, and makes it easy for the crew to reduce a vessel's draft when it enters shallower water, by temporarily pumping out ballast. Airships use ballast tanks mainly to control buoyancy and correct trim.

Small-waterplane-area twin hull
A small-waterplane-area twin hull, better known by the acronym SWATH, is a catamaran design that minimizes hull cross section area at the sea's surface.  Minimizing the ship's volume near the surface area of the sea, where wave energy is located, minimizes a vessel's response to sea state, even in high seas and at high speeds.  The bulk of the displacement necessary to keep the ship afloat is located beneath the waves, where it is less affected by wave action.  Wave excitation drops exponentially as depth increases, so wave action normally does not affect a submerged submarine at all. Placing the majority of a ship's displacement under the waves is similar in concept to creating a ship that rides atop twin submarines.
1903 New Zealand rugby union tour of Australia
The 1903 New Zealand tour rugby to Australia, also known as the First Trans-Tasman Test, was the fourth tour by the New Zealand national team to Australia, and marked the first international Test match played between the two national teams.

A warm-up match was played against Wellington before nine matches were played against Australian regional and district sides along with one Test match between the two national sides.

Tasman Sea
The Tasman Sea is a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean, situated between Australia and New Zealand. It measures about 2,000 km (1,200 mi) across and about 2,800 km (1,700 mi) from north to south. The sea was named after the Dutch explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman, who in 1642 was the first known European to cross it. British explorer Lieutenant James Cook later extensively navigated the Tasman Sea in the 1770s during his three voyages of exploration.

The Māori people of New Zealand call this sea Te Moana-a-Rehua meaning 'the sea of Rehua' which clashes with the Pacific waters named Te Tai-o-Whitirea ('the sea of Whitirea') – after Whitirea, Rehua's lover – at Cape Reinga, the northernmost tip of North Island.
Three Genji Shrines
Three Genji Shrines (源氏三神社, Genji san jinja) are a group of three Japanese Shinto shrines connected with the Seiwa Genji group (the descent from Emperor Seiwa) of the Minamoto clan.

Rokusonnō Shrine, Minami-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture

Tada Jinja, Kawanishi, Hyōgo Prefecture

Tsuboi Hachimangū, Habikino, Osaka Prefecture

Habikino
Habikino (羽曳野市, Habikino-shi) is a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2022, the city had an estimated population of 109,479 in 50918 households and a population density of 4100 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 26.45 square kilometres (10.21 sq mi). The city is known for its grapes, and also for its large number of ancient kofun burial mounds. The city is also sometimes referred to by its former name Minami-Osaka (南大阪).
2026 South Carolina elections
The 2026 South Carolina elections will be held in the state of South Carolina on November 3, 2026, alongside the nationwide midterm elections. Elections will be held for a U.S. Senate seat, governor, as well as other statewide executive offices, all 7 of the state's U.S. House of Representatives seats and all seats in the State House. Primary elections will be held on June 9, 2026, with runoff elections being held on June 23.

A solidly red state, South Carolina has consistently supported Republicans in recent decades. Democrats have not won South Carolina on the presidential level since 1976, when Jimmy Carter won most of the Deep South. Democrats have not won any statewide office in South Carolina since 2006, when Jim Rex was elected as Superintendent of Education.

South Carolina Superintendent of Education
The South Carolina superintendent of education is the executive of the South Carolina Department of Education. The superintendent is responsible for overseeing the 1.5 billion dollar budget of the department and ensuring that schools and schools districts are abiding by federal and state laws as well as the requirements established by the department. The superintendent is elected at-large and serves a term of four years. The position has no term limits. The current superintendent of education is Ellen Weaver, a Republican, who was elected in 2022 upon the retirement of Molly Spearman.
Martin Luther King Jr. Plaza (Toledo)
Martin Luther King Jr. Plaza (formerly Central Union Terminal and Central Union Plaza) is the main passenger rail and intercity bus station of Toledo, Ohio.

Toledo is served by two Amtrak routes: the Floridian, which operates daily between Chicago and Miami; and the Lake Shore Limited, which operates daily between Chicago and (via two sections east of Albany) Boston and New York City.  The station is also served by Greyhound Lines and Barons Bus Lines.

Named for Martin Luther King Jr., the building was designed in Streamline Moderne style by Robert Crosbie. It is owned by the Toledo–Lucas County Port Authority.

Streamline Moderne
Streamline Moderne is an international style of Art Deco architecture and design that emerged in the 1930s. Inspired by aerodynamic design, it emphasized curving forms, long horizontal lines, and sometimes nautical elements. In industrial design, it was used in railroad locomotives, telephones, buses, appliances, and other devices to give the impression of sleekness and modernity.

In France, it was called the style paquebot, or "ocean liner style", and was influenced by the design of the luxury ocean liner SS Normandie, launched in 1932.
2022 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's 800 metres
The women's 800 metres at the 2022 World Athletics U20 Championships was held at the Estadio Olímpico Pascual Guerrero in Cali, Colombia from 1 to 3 August 2022.

42 athletes from 29 countries were originally entered to the competition. However; Sanae Hasnaoui from Morocco, Ramot Abike Jimoh from Nigeria and Tharushi Dissanayaka from Sri Lanka did not participate,while the third runner entered by the United States, Michaela Rose, was unable to compete since only two athletes per member nation can compete in each event.

2022 World Athletics U20 Championships
The 2022 World Athletics U20 Championships, also known colloquially by its former official title, the World Junior Championships, was an international athletics competition for athletes qualifying as juniors (born no earlier than 1 January 2003), which was held from 1 to 6 August 2022 at the Estadio Olímpico Pascual Guerrero in Cali, Colombia.
Cali previously hosted the 2015 World Youth Championships in Athletics.
Donie Murphy
Donal Murphy (1929 – 16 April 2010) was an Irish Gaelic footballer who played at club level with Killarney Legion and at inter-county level with the Kerry senior football team. He usually lined out as a defender.

1953 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
The 1953 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the 67th staging of Ireland's premier Gaelic football knock-out competition.

Leitrim return to Connacht championship after 3 years.

Kerry were the winners.
Joseph Klein (composer)
Joseph Klein (born 1962 in Los Angeles, California) is an American composer, conductor, and educator. He has taught at the University of North Texas College of Music since 1992, where he is currently Distinguished Teaching Professor and Chair of Composition Studies.

Klein's work has been recognized by the National Endowment for the Arts, the American Music Center, the American Composers Forum, the Gaudeamus Foundation, Meet the Composer, the International Society for Contemporary Music, and the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers. He has collaborated with the International Contemporary Ensemble, Pittsburgh New Music Ensemble, Locrian Chamber Players, Voices of Change, Orchestra 2001, and numerous solo artists including vocalist Joan La Barbara, flutist Helen Bledsoe, cellist Madeleine Shapiro, and glass harmonica player Thomas Bloch.

International Contemporary Ensemble
The International Contemporary Ensemble (ICE) is a contemporary classical music ensemble, based in New York City. ICE performs a diverse and extensive array of chamber, electro-acoustic, improvisatory, and multimedia works.
Copper(II) chloride
Copper(II) chloride, also known as cupric chloride, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CuCl2. The monoclinic yellowish-brown anhydrous form slowly absorbs moisture to form the orthorhombic blue-green dihydrate CuCl2·2H2O, with two water molecules of hydration. It is industrially produced for use as a co-catalyst in the Wacker process.

Both the anhydrous and the dihydrate forms occur naturally as the rare minerals tolbachite and eriochalcite, respectively.

Hydrate
In chemistry, a hydrate is a substance that contains water or its constituent elements. The chemical state of the water varies widely between different classes of hydrates, some of which were so labeled before their chemical structure was understood.
Piparwani
Piparwani village is located in Kurai Tehsil of Seoni district in Madhya Pradesh, India. It is situated 27 km away from sub-district headquarter Kurai and 60 km away from district headquarter Seoni. As per 2009 statistics, Peeparwani is the gram panchayat of the Piparwani village. The total geographical area of the village is 607.94 hectares.

There are about 629 houses in Piparwani village. Seoni is the nearest town to Piparwani which is approximately 60 km away. The major road that passes through this village is Khawasa-Tirodi road, which connects National Highway 44 ( Formerly NH7) and Balaghat-Tumsar road. Piparwani is located near the Seoni-Balaghat district boundary in the south direction.

Piparwani panchayat includes three villages - Piparwani, Paraspani and Dagitola.

Seoni district
Seoni district is an administrative district in the southeastern part of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. The district headquarters is located in the city of Seoni, Madhya Pradesh. The district is known for its rich biodiversity, its location in the Satpura hill ranges, and for its connection to Rudyard Kipling’s The Jungle Book.Seoni District is in southeastern Madhya Pradesh, India.
Opisthotrematidae
Opisthotrematidae is a family of trematodes belonging to the order Plagiorchiida.

Genera:

Folitrema Blair, 1981

Lankatrema Crusz & Fernand, 1954

Lankatrematoides Blair, 1981

Moniligerum Dailey, Vogelbein & Forrester, 1988

Opisthotrema Fischer, 1884

Pulmonicola Poche, 1926

Trematoda
Trematoda is a class of flatworms known as trematodes, and commonly as flukes. They are obligate internal parasites with a complex life cycle requiring at least two hosts. The intermediate host, in which asexual reproduction occurs, is a mollusk, usually a snail. The definitive host, where the flukes sexually reproduce, is a vertebrate. Infection by trematodes can cause disease in all five vertebrate groups: mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and fish.
Sir Robert Slingsby, 1st Baronet
Sir Robert Slingsby, 1st Baronet (1611–1661) was an English baronet, writer and Naval commander, and in his last years a much-loved colleague of Samuel Pepys.

He was born at Bifrons near Canterbury, the second son of Sir Guylford Slingsby, Controller of the Navy, and Margaret Walter. He was the grandson of Sir Francis Slingsby of Scriven, near Knaresborough, and thus a first cousin of Sir Henry Slingsby, 1st Baronet, who was executed in 1658 for his part in a conspiracy to restore Charles II. Robert's eldest brother Guildford Slingsby was a promising young politician and lawyer who was killed early in the English Civil War.

Knaresborough
Knaresborough (/ˈnɛərzbərə/ NAIRZ-bər-ə) is a market and spa town and civil parish on the River Nidd in North Yorkshire, England. It is three miles (five kilometres) east of Harrogate and was in the Borough of Harrogate until April 2023.
Alligator boy
An alligator boy (or girl, man, woman, as appropriate) was a common freak show and dime museum exhibit. While the act was traditionally performed by people with ichthyosis, sideshows sometimes substituted workers whose skin was covered in cracked glue, optionally supplemented with food dye and sand. As another alternative, taxidermist Julius S. Hansen advertised stuffed alligator boys for sale in 1887.

Like other freakshow performers, alligator boys were often depicted in banners and advertisements as half-human, half-animal hybrids. Their acts sometimes featured interactions with actual reptiles.

Alligator-skinned performers included:

Freak show
A freak show is an exhibition of biological rarities, referred to in popular culture as "freaks of nature". Typical features would be physically unusual humans, such as those uncommonly large or small, those with extraordinary diseases and conditions, and others with performances expected to be shocking to viewers. Heavily tattooed or pierced people have sometimes been seen in freak shows (more common in modern times as a sideshow act), as have attention-getting physical performers such as fire-eating and sword-swallowing acts.
Dowden Tannery
Dowden Tannery is a historic tannery building located at Cold Spring Harbor in Suffolk County, New York.  It was built about 1840 and is a three bay, two story brick structure coated in stucco.  Two, one story gable roofed side additions were built in the early 20th century. The tannery is located in a residential area southeast of Woodbury Road, and east of Cold Spring Harbor Railroad Station. Long Island Rail Road's Port Jefferson Branch runs behind the building, which is accessible only from a diagonal driveway leading from above the embankment of West Rogues Path.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Tanning (leather)
Tanning, or hide tanning, is the process of treating skins and hides of animals to produce leather. A tannery is the place where the skins are processed.

Historically, vegetable based tanning used tannin, an acidic chemical compound derived from the bark of certain trees, in the production of leather. An alternative method, developed in the 1800s, is chrome tanning, where chromium salts are used instead of natural tannins.
Galina Zaitseva
Galina Lazarevna Zaitseva (Russian: Галина Лазаревна Зайцева; 12 October 1934 – 6 August 2005) was a Russian teacher known for her research of sign language and Deaf history and culture. She was one of the key early advocates for what became codified as Russian Sign Language.

Deaf culture
Deaf culture is the set of social beliefs, behaviors, art, literary traditions, history, values, and shared institutions of communities that are influenced by deafness and which use sign languages as the main means of communication. When used as a cultural label,  especially within the culture, the word deaf is often written with a capital D and referred to as "big D Deaf" in speech and sign. When used as a label for the audiological condition, it is written with a lower case d. Carl G. Croneberg was among the first to discuss analogies between Deaf and hearing cultures in his appendices C and D of the 1965 Dictionary of American Sign Language.
Siri Perakumba Pirivena
Siri Perakumba Pirivena (Sinhala: සිරි පැරකුම්බා පිරිවෙණ) is a historic Buddhist temple situated in Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, Western province, Sri Lanka. It is located at the entrance to Ethul Kotte on the Sri Jayawardenepura Mawatha road (B240). The temple has been formally recognised by the Government as an archaeological site in Sri Lanka. The designation was declared on 14 May 1971 under the government Gazette number 14958.

Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte
Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (Sinhala pronunciation: [ʃriː dʒəjəʋərd̪enepurə ˈkoʈːeː]), also known as Kotte, is the capital city of Sri Lanka. Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte is located adjacent to the urban area of Sri Lanka's de facto economic capital, Colombo.

The Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte Municipal Council area is bounded in:

the North by Kolonnawa Urban Council area,

the North-East by the Kotikawatta–Mulleriyawa Pradeshiya Sabha area,

the East by the Kaduwela Municipal Council area,

the South-East by the Maharagama Urban Council area,

the South-West by the Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia Municipal Council and

the West by the Colombo Municipal Council area, which is the commercial capital of Sri Lanka.
Nikita Polyakov
Nikita Polyakov (Uzbek: Никита Поляков; born May 16, 1986) is an Uzbek former swimmer, who specialized in individual medley events. Polyakov qualified for the men's 400 m individual medley at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, by clearing a FINA B-cut of 4:33.02 from the Russian Championships in Moscow. He participated in the first heat against three other swimmers Saša Imprić of Croatia, Andrew Mackay of the Cayman Islands, and Lin Yu-an of the Chinese Taipei. He rounded out a small field to last place and thirty-sixth overall by a 37.64-second margin behind Impric with a slowest time of 5:09.66.

Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metre individual medley
The men's 400 metre individual medley event at the 2004 Olympic Games was contested at the Olympic Aquatic Centre of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Athens, Greece on August 14.

U.S. swimmer Michael Phelps broke a new world record of 4:08.26 to claim his first ever Olympic gold medal. Phelps' teammate Erik Vendt added a second silver to the one he earned behind Tom Dolan in Sydney four years earlier, finishing with a time of 4:11.81. Hungary's László Cseh, silver medalist at the 2003 FINA World Championships, held on for bronze in 4:12.15.
Bluegrass Heritage Museum
Bluegrass Heritage Museum is a local history museum in Winchester, Kentucky. The museum explores many eras, ranging from the Eskippakithiki Indian Village (a branch of the Shawnee), to Daniel Boone and his settlement of Boonesboro, and to the modern day. The exhibits are distributed across the building's three floors, and include the former use of the building as a medical clinic, local agricultural and military history, and collections of quilts and telephones. The museum also holds public programming related to Kentucky's Civil War heritage. The museum also houses the collections of the former Pioneer Telephone Museum.

Boonesborough, Kentucky
Boonesborough or Boonesboro is an unincorporated community in Madison County, Kentucky, United States. Founded by famed frontiersman Daniel Boone in 1775 as one of the first English-speaking settlements west of the Appalachian Mountains, Boonesborough lies in the central part of the state along the Kentucky River and is the site of Fort Boonesborough State Park, which includes the Kentucky River Museum. The park site has been rebuilt to look like a working fort of the time that Boone resided there.

Boonesborough is part of the Richmond-Berea micropolitan area. It is located at the junction of Kentucky Route 388 and Kentucky Route 627.
Paopi 22
Paopi 21 – Coptic calendar – Paopi 23

The twenty-second day of the Coptic month of Paopi, the second month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to October 19, of the Julian calendar, and November 1, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence.

Coptic calendar
The Coptic calendar, also called the Alexandrian calendar, is a liturgical calendar used by the farming populace in Egypt and used by the Coptic Orthodox and Coptic Catholic churches. It was used for fiscal purposes in Egypt until the adoption of the Gregorian calendar on 11 September 1875 (1st Thout 1592 AM). Like the Julian calendar (and unlike the international Gregorian calendar), the Coptic calendar has a leap year every four years invariably; it does not skip leap years three times every 400 years.
Virchow Hill
Virchow Hill (64°7′S 62°17′W﻿ / ﻿64.117°S 62.283°W﻿ / -64.117; -62.283) is a hill between Lister Glacier and Pare Glacier in the north part of Brabant Island, in the Palmer Archipelago. Shown on an Argentine government chart in 1953, but not named. Photographed by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd. in 1956-57 part of Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition, and mapped from these photos in 1959. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902), German pioneer of pathological research.

Palmer Archipelago
Palmer Archipelago, also known as Antarctic Archipelago, Archipiélago Palmer, Antarktiske Arkipel or Palmer Inseln, is a group of islands off the northwestern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. It extends from Tower Island in the north to Anvers Island in the south. It is separated by the Gerlache and Bismarck straits from the Antarctic Peninsula and Wilhelm Archipelago, respectively. The archipelago is in the British, Chilean, and Argentine Claims.

Palmer Archipelago is located at 64°15′S 62°50′W﻿ / ﻿64.250°S 62.833°W﻿ / -64.250; -62.833.
Bobby True
Robert True (born 5 November 1977) is a Liberian middle-distance runner. He competed in the men's 800 metres at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

True sprinted for the Illinois Fighting Illini track and field team in the United States, where he finished 3rd in the 800 m at the 1998 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships.

Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's 800 metres
The men's 800 metres event at the 2000 Summer Olympics as part of the athletics programme was held at Stadium Australia on Saturday 23 September, Monday 25 September, and Wednesday 27 September 2000. Sixty-one athletes from 46 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The event was won by 0.06 seconds by Nils Schumann of Germany, the first men's 800 metres championship for a German runner and the first medal in the event for the nation since 1952. Denmark (Wilson Kipketer's silver) and Algeria (Djabir Saïd-Guerni's bronze) each won their first medal in the men's 800 metres.