hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wim Thomassen
Willem "Wim" Thomassen  (3 October 1909 – 16 June 2001) was a Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA).

Thomassen was born in Amsterdam. He was a schoolteacher and during World War II imprisoned by the Germans in Amsterdam from 1943 until January 1944.

After the war he was secretary of the Dutch People's Movement from August 1945 until July 1946.

On behalf of the Labour Party he was a member of the House of Representatives from July 1946 until July 1948.

Hereafter he was mayor of three municipalities: Zaandam (1948–1958), Enschede (1958–1965), and at last Rotterdam (1965–1974). In his last capacity he contributed significantly to the development of the Port of Rotterdam

Besides he was a member of the Provincial council of North Holland from July 1954 until May 1958, and a member of the Senate from November 1961 until May 1971.

His wife was also a schoolteacher. Wim Thomassen died at age 91 in Bergen (North Holland).

Zaandam
Zaandam (Dutch pronunciation: [zaːnˈdɑm] ⓘ) is a city in the province of North Holland, Netherlands. It is the main city of the municipality of Zaanstad and received city rights in 1811. It is located on the river Zaan, just north of Amsterdam.

The statistical district Zaandam, which encompasses both the city and the surrounding countryside, has about 76,804 residents. Zaandam was a separate municipality until 1974, when it became a part of the new municipality of Zaanstad.
Menachem Youlus
Menachem Youlus is a Baltimore rabbi and Torah scribe who falsely claimed he had rescued Holocaust-era Torah scrolls from Eastern Europe, selling the scrolls at inflated prices. On August 24, 2011, he was arrested on charges of mail fraud and wire fraud, and he pleaded guilty on February 2, 2012.

He was convicted of two counts of mail and wire fraud in a Manhattan federal court on October 11, 2012. On December 17, 2012, Youlus began serving a 51-month prison sentence at the federal correctional institution in Otisville, New York. Youlus was incarcerated until August 26, 2016.

Sofer
A sofer, sopher, sofer SeTaM, sofer ST"M (Hebrew: סופר סת״ם, "scribe"; plural soferim, סופרים), or soifer (Yiddish: סויפר)  is a Jewish scribe who can transcribe Sifrei Kodesh (holy scrolls), tefillin (phylacteries), mezuzot (ST"M, סת״ם, is an abbreviation of these three terms) and other religious writings.
2008 Weymouth and Portland Borough Council election
Elections to Weymouth and Portland Borough Council in Dorset, England were held on 1 May 2008. One third of the council was up for election and the council stayed under no overall control as it has been since 1980.

The Mayor David Harris and four other councillors stood down at the election. A further seat was vacant for Melcombe Regis after the death of a Liberal Democrat councillor.

The election saw the Conservative Party gain 3 seats, including their first ever seat in Portland, consolidating their position as largest party on the council. However their leader Nigel Reed lost in Weymouth East to the Liberal Democrats. The leader of the Labour Party on the council, Kate Wheller, was one of two Labour losses when she lost in Westham West.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

Conservative 16

Liberal Democrat 12

Labour 4

Independent 4

Melcombe Regis
Melcombe Regis is an area of Weymouth in Dorset, England. Situated on the north shore of Weymouth Harbour and originally part of the waste of Radipole, it seems only to have developed as a significant settlement and seaport in the 13th century.
Sonja Barth
Sonja Louise Barth (21 May 1923 – 10 September 2016, née Skoklefald) was a Norwegian environmentalist.

During World War II she was active in XU, the secret Norwegian resistance operation whose activities were kept secret until 1988. In 2008 she described her experiences to Lars Otto Wollum, on condition that he publish nothing of them until after her death.

In 2008 she was appointed to the Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav. The citation referred to her work in public education and the dissemination of natural and cultural history, and to her work in the Rondane region.

On 14 November 1945 she married Edvard Kaurin Barth (1913–1996), a photographer and zoologist.

Norwegian resistance movement
The Norwegian resistance (Norwegian: Motstandsbevegelsen) to the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany began after Operation Weserübung in 1940 and ended in 1945. It took several forms:

Asserting the legitimacy of the exiled government, and by implication the lack of legitimacy of Vidkun Quisling's pro-Nazi regime and Josef Terboven's military administration

The initial defence in Southern Norway, which was largely disorganised, but succeeded in allowing the government to escape capture

The more organised military defence and counter-attacks in parts of Western and Northern Norway, aimed at securing strategic positions and the evacuation of the government

Armed resistance, in the form of sabotage, commando raids, assassinations and other special operations during the occupation

Civil disobedience and unarmed resistance
Grand Kitano Tea Ceremony
The Grand Kitano Tea Ceremony (Japanese: 北野大茶湯, Hepburn: Kitano ōchanoyu), also known in English as the Grand Kitano Tea Gathering, was a large Japanese tea ceremony event that was hosted by the regent and chancellor Toyotomi Hideyoshi at Kitano Tenmangū shrine in Kyoto on the first day of the tenth month in the year Tenshō 15 (1587). Japanese cultural historians view it as a major cultural event of the Momoyama period. Louise Cort points out these three reasons: The event was "a key move in Hideyoshi's strategy to prove his cultural legitimacy; a turning point in the development of chanoyu style and theory; and a crisis in the personal relationship between its chief designers, two of the most influential figures of the Momoyama period, Hideyoshi and Sen no Rikyū".

Tenshō (Momoyama period)
Tenshō (天正) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō; "year" name) after Genki and before Bunroku.  This period spanned the years from July 1573 through December 1592 during the Sengoku era.  The reigning emperors were Ōgimachi-tennō (正親町天皇) and Go-Yōzei-tennō (後陽成天皇).
Knight's Baroness
Knight's Baroness (16 April 1987 – after 2008) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. In a racing career which lasted from July 1989 until September 1990 she recorded two wins and four places from seven starts. She showed considerable promise as a two-year-old, winning one race and finishing second in the May Hill Stakes and improved when moved up to middle distances in the following year. She was placed in both the Lingfield Oaks Trial and The Oaks before recording her biggest win in the Irish Oaks. After her retirement from racing she became a broodmare and produced several winners including the Cumberland Lodge Stakes winner Riyadian and the Totesport Trophy winner Essex. Her last recorded foal was born in 2006.

Irish Oaks
The Irish Oaks is a Group 1 flat horse race in Ireland open to three-year-old thoroughbred fillies. It is run at the Curragh over a distance of 1 mile and 4 furlongs (2,414 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in July.

It is Ireland's equivalent of The Oaks, a famous race in England.
Glennies Creek Dam
Glennies Creek Dam is a minor ungated concrete faced curved earth and rockfill embankment dam with an uncontrolled rock cut spillway across the Glennies Creek, upstream of Singleton, in the Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia. The dam's purpose includes flood mitigation, irrigation, water supply and conservation. The impounded reservoir is called Lake Saint Clair.

Glennies Creek Dam was created through enabling legislation enacted through the passage of the Glennies Creek Dam, 1979 (NSW). The Act appropriated AU$30 million as the estimated cost of construction of the dam.

Singleton, New South Wales
Singleton is a town on the banks of the Hunter River in New South Wales, Australia. Singleton is 202km (126 mi) north-north-west of Sydney, and 70 km (43 mi) north-west of Newcastle. As of 2023, Singleton had an estimated urban population of 17,503.

Singleton's main urban area includes the town centre, Singleton Heights, Dunolly, Darlington, The Retreat, Wattle Ponds and Hunterview. Surrounding rural villages include Broke, Camberwell, Jerrys Plains, Goorangoola/Greenlands, Belford and Lower Belford.

Singleton is located on the north-eastern part of the geological structure known as the Sydney basin, which borders the New England region.

Singleton is now home to a $100 million dollar lottery winner, the highest in the town’s history.
Nathan Kanu
Nathan Chinenye Okechukwu Kanu Listenⓘ is an Anglican bishop in Nigeria. He is the current Bishop of Aba Ngwa North, one of nine within the Anglican Province of Aba, itself one of 14 provinces within the Church of Nigeria.

Kanu was born on 7 March 1966 in Obegu. He was educated  at Mgboko Umuanunu School and Trinity Theological College, Umuahia. He was ordained in 1995. He served  at Eziukwu Aba and Amano in Abia State. He then continued his ministry in Oklahoma and California. In 2007 Kanu was elected a Suffragan Bishop of the Convocation of Anglicans in North America. In 2009 he was translated to Aba Ngwa North, after the death of the pioneer bishop John Ezirim.

In 2022, after Felix Orji left the Church of Nigeria North American Mission for the Anglican Church in North America, Kanu was appointed interim coordinating bishop of CONNAM.

Translation (ecclesiastical)
Translation is the transfer of a bishop from one episcopal see to another. The word is from the Latin translatio, meaning "carry across" (another religious meaning of the term is the translation of relics).

This can be:

From one diocesan bishopric to another bishopric which is perceived as more important (or the bishop prefers as their see)

From suffragan bishop status to diocesan bishop

From coadjutor bishop to diocesan bishop

From one country's episcopate to another

From diocesan bishop to archbishop
Pristimantis frater
Pristimantis frater is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia and occurs on the eastern slopes of the Cordillera Oriental in the Norte de Santander, Boyacá, Casanare, Cundinamarca, and Meta Departments, as well as in the Serranía de la Macarena (Meta Department). The population in the Serranía de la Macarena might represent a distinct species. Common name Meta robber frog has been coined for it.

Cordillera Oriental (Colombia)
The Cordillera Oriental (English: Eastern Ranges) is the widest of the three branches of the Colombian Andes. The range extends from south to north, dividing from the Colombian Massif in Huila Department to Norte de Santander Department where it splits into the Serranía del Perijá and the Cordillera de Mérida in Venezuelan Andes. The highest peak is Ritacuba Blanco at 5,410 m (17,750 ft) in the Sierra Nevada del Cocuy.
1990 Czech National Council election
Parliamentary elections were held in the Czech Republic on 8 and 9 June 1990 alongside federal elections. They were the first elections after the Velvet Revolution and voter turnout was 97%.

Following the elections, a coalition government was formed by Civic Forum, the Movement for Autonomous Democracy–Party for Moravia and Silesia and Christian and Democratic Union with Petr Pithart as Prime Minister.

Movement for Autonomous Democracy–Party for Moravia and Silesia
The Movement for Autonomous Democracy–Party for Moravia and Silesia (Czech: Hnutí za samosprávnou demokracii–Společnost pro Moravu a Slezsko, HSD–SMS) was a political party in Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic that sought autonomy for Moravia.
Egan Chambers
Egan Chambers (March 22, 1921 – May 5, 1994) was a Canadian politician.

Born in Montreal, Quebec, he was educated at Selwyn House School and Bishop's College School. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1958 federal election in the riding of St. Lawrence—St. George. A Progressive Conservative, he was defeated in 1962. He also ran unsuccessfully in the 1953, 1957, 1965 elections and a 1954 by-election. From 1959 to 1961 and in 1962, he was the Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministers of National Defence George Pearkes and Douglas Harkness.

He was the husband of journalist Gretta Chambers and brother-in-law of philosopher Charles Taylor. Chambers is buried in Mount Royal Cemetery in Montreal.

1965 Canadian federal election
The 1965 Canadian federal election was held on November 8, 1965, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 27th Parliament of Canada. The Liberal Party of Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson was re-elected to government, winning more seats than any other party. It won more seats in the House even though it received a smaller share of the popular vote. It fell short of a majority government. It formed a minority government that due to support from other MPs, lasted three years.
Stevenage woman
Stevenage woman is a stereotypical voter identified in the United Kingdom, similar to Workington man or Worcester woman. It profiles a suburban mother in her early 40s who is disillusioned with politics. Identified with the Hertfordshire new town of Stevenage, Stevenage woman has been described as an important swing voter for the Labour Party in the 2024 general election. Such voters are identified as typically struggling with stagnant wages and the cost-of-living crisis.

In April 2023, a report from Labour Together mentioned the term Stevenage woman. They may have voted for Boris Johnson in the 2019 general election, but since then has leaned towards Labour. Sky News has reported the Stevenage women were concerned about the cost of living crisis in the runup to the 2024 United Kingdom budget.

Other female voters identified include Nuneaton woman and Whitby woman.

In the 2024 United Kingdom general election, Stevenage constituency swung from Conservative to Labour.

New towns in the United Kingdom
The new towns in the United Kingdom were planned under the powers of the New Towns Act 1946 (9 & 10 Geo. 6. c. 68) and later acts to relocate people from poor or bombed-out housing following World War II. Designated new towns were placed under the supervision of a development corporation, and were developed in three waves. Later developments included the "expanded towns": existing towns which were substantially expanded to accommodate what was called the "overspill" population from densely populated areas of deprivation.
Sri Moolastaneswara Swamy Temple
Sri Moolastaneswara Swamy Temple is the oldest Sri Shaiva Kshetra, from 11th Century.  It is located at Mulapeta on the west side of Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India. It is dedicated to one of the variations of Lord Shiva. Maha Shivaratri is a Hindu festival celebrated there.  The traditional festival activities of Karthika Masam is the famous grand occasion for this temple.

Tirtha (Hinduism)
Tirtha (Sanskrit: तीर्थ, tīrtha) is a Sanskrit word that means "crossing place, ford", and refers to any place, text or person that is holy. It particularly refers to pilgrimage sites and holy places in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.

The process or journey associated with tirtha is called tirtha-yatra, while alternate terms such as kshetra, gopitha and mahalaya are used in some Hindu traditions to refer to a "place of pilgrimage".
Our Lady of Perpetual Help Parish (New Bedford, Massachusetts)
Our Lady of Perpetual Help Parish is a Roman Catholic parish designated for Polish immigrants in New Bedford, Massachusetts, United States.

Founded in 1905, Our Lady of Perptual Help is one of the Polish-American Roman Catholic parishes in New England in the Diocese of Fall River.  Since the 1930s, the parish has been staffed by the Conventual Franciscans.

Parish has been closed on Jan 20, 2022.

Diocese of Fall River
The Diocese of Fall River (Latin: Dioecesis Riverormensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in southeastern Massachusetts in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Boston. The mother church is St. Mary's Cathedral in Fall River. The current bishop is Edgar Moreira da Cunha.
M.A.C.H. (video game)
M.A.C.H. Modified Air Combat Heroes is an action - racing video game, for the PlayStation Portable, developed by Kuju Ltd and published in 2007 by Vivendi Games. Set in 2049 where unmanned aircraft have rendered piloted planes obsolete, decommissioned jet planes compete in underground tournaments.

Kuju (company)
Kuju Entertainment Ltd. was a British video game developer. It is a successor to Simis, which was formed in 1989 and purchased by Eidos Interactive in 1995. Kuju was formed in 1998 in Shalford, Surrey, England, after a management buyout of Simis from Eidos. Kuju merged with Curve Games in 2016.

Kuju released titles across different devices, ranging from Art Academy on the Nintendo DS, The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest and Battalion Wars 2 for the Wii, and an Xbox One title, Powerstar Golf.
Sebastián Villa (diver)
Sebastián Villa Castañeda (born 21 February 1992) is a Colombian diver. He competed for Colombia at the 2012, 2016 and 2020 Summer Olympics.

He won a bronze medal in the men's synchronised 10 m synchronised platform diving with Alejandro Solarte at the 2023 Pan American Games.

He also competed at the 2019 World Championships (in the 3 m mixed synchronised and the 3 and 10 m mixed events, both with Diana Pineda).

2023 Pan American Games
The 2023 Pan American Games (Spanish: Juegos Panamericanos de 2023), officially the XIX Pan American Games (Spanish: XIX Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Santiago 2023, were an  international multi-sport event governed by the Panam Sports Organization, held in Santiago, Chile from 20 October to 5 November 2023; preliminary rounds in certain events began on 18 October 2023. These are the first Pan American Games to be held in Chile, and the eighth to be held in South America.

The games were held in 39 venues across the Santiago Metropolitan Region and another three regions of Chile. The Pan American Games and the 2023 Parapan American Games were organized by the Santiago Organizing Committee for the 2023 Pan and Parapan American Games.
Jerry Hanley
Joseph "Jerry" Hanley (14 September 1901 – 5 May 1981) was an English international rugby union player.

A Plymouth Albion wing-forward, Hanley was capped seven times for England, including all four matches of their 1928 Five Nations campaign, where his try in final fixture against Scotland helped secure the grand slam.

Hanley was falsely reported to have been killed following a German raid on Plymouth in 1941.

Plymouth Albion R.F.C.
Plymouth Albion Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club who play in Plymouth, England. The present club was founded in 1920 from a merger between Plymouth RFC (founded 1876) and Devonport Albion RFC (founded 1876). Since 2003 they have played their home games at The Brickfields stadium. Albion's traditional strip and club colours are white, cherry and green.

After thirteen seasons in the second tier of English rugby union, Plymouth Albion finished last in the 2014–15 RFU Championship, and currently play in National League 1.
USS Ptarmigan
USS Ptarmigan (AM-376) was an Auk-class minesweeper acquired by the United States Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing. She was the only U.S. Navy ship named for the ptarmigan, a grouse with feathered feet, found in northern regions.

Ptarmigan was laid down 9 March 1944 by Savannah Machine and Foundry Co., Savannah, Georgia; launched 15 July 1944, sponsored by Miss Jeanne Summerlin; and commissioned 15 January 1945.

United States Navy reserve fleets
The United States Navy maintains a number of its ships as part of a reserve fleet, often called the "Mothball Fleet". While the details of the maintenance activity have changed several times, the basics are constant: keep the ships afloat and sufficiently working as to be reactivated quickly in an emergency.

In some cases (for instance, at the outset of the Korean War), many ships were successfully reactivated at a considerable savings in time and money. The usual fate of ships in the reserve fleet, though, is to become too old and obsolete to be of any use, at which point they are sold for scrapping or are scuttled in weapons tests.

In rare cases, the general public may intercede for ships from the reserve fleet that are about to be scrapped – usually asking for the Navy to donate them for use as museum ships, memorials, or artificial reefs.
Extreme bounds analysis
In econometrics, extreme bounds analysis is a type of sensitivity analysis which attempts to determine the most extreme possible estimates for a fixed subset of allowed coefficients and a variable set of linear homogeneous restrictions. It was originally developed by Edward E. Leamer in 1983, and subsequently refined by Clive Granger and Harald Uhlig in 1990. It is a more precise method of measuring specification uncertainty than traditional econometrics because it incorporates prior information, and uses a systematic methodology to examine the fragility of coefficients. It allows researchers to obtain upper and lower limits for the parameter of interest for any possible set of explanatory variables.

Clive Granger
Sir Clive William John Granger (/ˈɡreɪndʒər/; 4 September 1934 – 27 May 2009) was a British econometrician known for his contributions to nonlinear time series analysis. He taught in Britain, at the University of Nottingham and in the United States, at the University of California, San Diego. Granger was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 2003 in recognition of the contributions that he and his co-winner, Robert F. Engle, had made to the analysis of time series data. This work fundamentally changed the way in which economists analyse financial and macroeconomic data.
Case Western Reserve University School of Law
Case Western Reserve University School of Law is the law school of Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. It was one of the first schools accredited by the American Bar Association. It is a member of the Association of American Law Schools (AALS). It was initially named for Franklin Thomas Backus, a justice of the Ohio Supreme Court, whose widow donated $50,000 to found the school in 1892.

According to Case Western Reserve's official 2018 ABA-required disclosures, 65.9% of the Class of 2018 obtained full-time, long-term, bar passage-required employment nine months after graduation, excluding solo-practitioners, ranking 114th out of 200 ABA-approved law schools.

Association of American Law Schools
The Association of American Law Schools (AALS), formed in 1900, is a non-profit organization of 175 law schools in the United States. An additional 19 schools pay a fee to receive services but are not members. AALS incorporated as a 501(c)(3) non-profit educational organization in 1971. The association is a member of both the American Council on Education and the American Council of Learned Societies. Its headquarters are in Washington, D.C.