hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
H. Fred Clark
H. Fred Clark (1937 – April 28, 2012) was an American veterinarian, medical scientist, and social activist. He served as a research professor of pediatrics at the University of Pennsylvania's Perelman School of Medicine and at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, as well as holding the position of adjunct professor at the Wistar Institute. He is recognized for his work with Paul Offit and Stanley Plotkin developing the rotavirus vaccine RotaTeq. For this work, Clark, Offit, and Plotkin received the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia's Gold Medal in 2006. He received a degree in veterinary medicine from Cornell University and a Ph.D. in microbiology and immunology from the University at Buffalo.

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) is a children's hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Its primary campus is located in the University City neighborhood of West Philadelphia, next to the University of Pennsylvania. The hospital has 692 beds and more than 1.6 million outpatient and inpatient visits annually. It is one of the world's largest and oldest children's hospitals and was the first hospital in the United States dedicated to the healthcare of children.

CHOP has been ranked among the best ten children's hospitals in the United States by U.S. News & World Report since 2009. As of 2024, it was ranked number one in the nation by U.S. News & World Report for two out of eleven specialties. The hospital treats infants, children, teens, and young adults aged 0–21.

The hospital also treats adults who would benefit from advanced pediatric care. Most of its physicians serve in the pediatrics and other specialty departments of the Perelman School of Medicine.
João Lucas & Marcelo
João Lucas & Marcelo (also is João Lucas e Marcelo) is a sertanejo style Brazilian singing duo formed in 2010. João Lucas (born in 1980 in Miranorte, Tocantins) is a vocalist and multi-instrumentalist. Marcelo (born 1986 in Cáceres, Mato Grosso) is main vocalist, and a songwriter who has written songs for Vitor e Léo, Luan Santana, Fernando e Sorocaba and others. They are most famous for their hit "Eu Quero Tchu, Eu Quero Tcha". The song's choreography was re-enacted by Brazilian football (soccer) player Neymar celebrating his hundredth career goal. The song reached Top 10 of Brasil Hot 100 Airplay. The song has become famous again through edits of the Spanish footballer Lamine Yamal on TikTok.

Brasil Hot 100
The Billboard Brasil Hot 100 is a record chart in Brazil for songs, published weekly by Billboard Brasil magazine. First issued as Brasil Hot 100 Airplay in October 2009, the chart was initially published monthly and measured the airplay of songs on radio stations in the territory, as compiled by Crowley Broadcast Analysis. The first number-one song was "Halo" by Beyoncé. In 2014, the chart began to be published weekly. The magazine published the last issue of the Brasil Hot 100 Airplay on the chart dated 28 January 2019; Crowley continued publishing the chart as Top 100 Brasil on its own website. Subsequently, the magazine ceased operations for undisclosed reasons.

When Billboard Brasil returned in August 2023, the Brasil Hot 100 chart was relaunched. The new chart is based on online streaming compiled by Luminate. The current number-one as of the chart dated 23 February 2026, is "Jetski" by Pedro Sampaio, MC Meno K and Melody.
Regulation (magazine)
Regulation is a quarterly periodical about policy published by the Cato Institute.  It was started as a bimonthly magazine in 1977 by the American Enterprise Institute and acquired by Cato in 1989. Past editors have included former Supreme Court justice Antonin Scalia, Murray Weidenbaum, Christopher DeMuth, Walter Olson, and Peter Huber. Peter Van Doren has edited the magazine since 1999.

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the magazine was pivotal in promoting deregulation and the importance of cost–benefit analysis.

Murray Weidenbaum
Murray Lew Weidenbaum (February 10, 1927 – March 20, 2014), was an American economist and author. He was the Edward Mallinckrodt Distinguished University Professor and Honorary Chairman of the Murray Weidenbaum Center on the Economy, Government, and Public Policy at Washington University in St. Louis. He served as the first Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Economic Policy from 1969 to 1971, and he was chairman of President Ronald Reagan's first Council of Economic Advisors from 1981 to 1982.
Janne Kolehmainen
Janne Kolehmainen (born March 22, 1986) is a Finnish professional ice hockey forward. He most recently played with the Sheffield Steelers in the UK EIHL. He previously iced with Jyp in the Finnish Liiga. Kolehmainen was originally drafted by the Ottawa Senators 115th overall in the 2005 NHL Draft but did not sign.

He previously played for SaiPa and HPK of the SM-liiga.

Sheffield Steelers
The Sheffield Steelers are a professional ice hockey team located in Sheffield, England. They were formed in 1991 and play their home games at the Utilita Arena. They are currently a member of the Elite Ice Hockey League. The club's main (title) sponsor is TriggerHub.
Torre del Mangano
Torre del Mangano is a frazione and the seat of the municipality of the Certosa di Pavia comune. The comune bore the name of Torre del Mangano until 1929, when the villages of Borgarello, Torriano and Torre del Mangano merged. They assumed the name of Certosa di Pavia because of the great notoriety of the charterhouse located in the nearby. The church of the local parish is dedicated to Saint Michael.

Torre del Mangano is situated on the corner of what was once the Visconti Park. The remains of one of its gate are visible near the Saint Michael church.

Certosa di Pavia, Lombardy
Certosa di Pavia (Pavese dialect: Certusa dè Pavia or la Certùsa) is a town and comune (municipality) in the province of Pavia, Lombardy, Italy. It is named after the Certosa di Pavia, a large monastery around which the town grew up. As of 2013 its population was 5,114.
County Fermanagh War Memorial
The County Fermanagh War Memorial (also known as the Enniskillen War Memorial) stands in Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland.  It was originally constructed to commemorate the men of the town killed during the First World War, particularly those serving with the local regiments, the 6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons and the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers.  It was later altered to also commemorate those killed in the Second World War.

The memorial was the site of  an IRA bombing on 8 November 1987, during a Remembrance Sunday ceremony.  Photographs of the war memorial in the aftermath became emblematic of this stage of The Troubles and the site was visited shortly afterwards by British prime minister Margaret Thatcher for a rescheduled remembrance ceremony.  The memorial was renovated in 1990-91 and a new section added to commemorate those killed in the bombing.  The memorial has been visited by the Irish Taoiseach on Remembrance Sunday each year since 2012.

County Fermanagh
County Fermanagh (/fərˈmænə/, fər-MAN-ə; from Irish Fir Manach / Fear Manach, meaning 'men of Manach') is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland, one of the nine counties of Ulster and one of the traditional thirty-two counties of Ireland.

The county covers an area of 1,691 km2 (653 sq mi) and had a population of 63,585 as of 2021. Enniskillen is the county town and largest in both size and population.

Fermanagh is one of four counties of Northern Ireland to have a majority of its population from a Catholic background, according to the 2011 census.
Eufidonia convergaria
Eufidonia convergaria, the pine powder moth or converged powder moth, is a species of moth of the  family Geometridae. It is found from Newfoundland to British Columbia and the northwestern parts of the United States.

The wingspan is 22–30 mm. The moth flies from May to July depending on the location.

The larvae feed on Pinus species, including white pine, lodgepole pine, and jack pine.

Western white pine
Western white pine (Pinus monticola), also called silver pine and California mountain pine, is a species of pine in the family Pinaceae. It occurs in mountain ranges of northwestern North America and is the state tree of Idaho.
Korah (Battle honour)
Korah was a battle honour awarded to units of the forces of British India that took part in the Battle of Korah in 1776.

In May, 1776, a British force under Lieut-Col John Neville Parker was sent from Belgram, in Oudh, to monitor the activities of one Mabub Khan, a disaffected officer of the Nawab of Oudh, stationed at Korah (about 25 miles from Cawnpore) with seven battalions of troops and 19 guns. On June 10, 1776, Col Parker sent a demand that the guns be surrendered and, when this demand was refused, the British attacked. In a brief, but bloody, engagement, Mabub Khan's troops were defeated and the guns captured.

The award was made to the 1st and 10th Regiments of Bengal Native Infantry.

Awadh
Awadh (Hindi: [əˈʋədʱ] ⓘ), known in British Raj historical texts as Avadh or Oudh, is a historical region in northern India, now constituting the central portion of Uttar Pradesh. It is roughly synonymous with the ancient Kosala region of Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain scriptures.

It was a province of all the major Islamic dynasties in India including the Mughal Empire. With the decline of late Mughal Delhi, Awadh became a major source of literary, artistic, religious, and architectural patronage in northern India under the rule of its eleven rulers, called Nawabs. From 1720 to 1856, the nawabs presided over Awadh, with Ayodhya and Faizabad serving as the region's initial capitals. Later, the capital was relocated to Lucknow, which is now the capital of Uttar Pradesh.

The British conquered Awadh in 1856, which infuriated Indians and was recognised as a factor causing the Indian Rebellion (1857-58), the biggest Indian uprising against British rule.
Río Roma
Río Roma are a Mexican Latin pop duo. It consists of brothers José Luis Ortega Castro (born January 17, 1981) and Raúl Ortega Castro (born July 17, 1984).

José Luis is also a prolific songwriter. Famous singers who had recorded songs written by him include: Ha*Ash, María José, Alejandro Fernández, Yuridia, Camila, Alejandra Guzmán and Pandora, among others.

They chose "Río Roma" as their name because of how it sounds and it reads "Oír Amor" (hearing love)  backwards.

Alejandra Guzmán
Gabriela Alejandra Guzmán Pinal (born 9 February 1967) is a Mexican pop and rock singer. With more than 30 million records sold throughout her career, winner of a Latin Grammy Award, and nicknamed "La Reina de Corazones" (the Queen of Hearts) and "La Reina del Rock" (the Queen of Rock), she is one of the most successful Mexican female singers. She is also daughter of actress Silvia Pinal and singer Enrique Guzmán.
RunSeokjin Ep. Tour
RunSeokjin Ep. Tour (stylized as #RUNSEOKJIN_EP.TOUR) was the first worldwide concert tour by South Korean singer Jin, in support of his debut album, Happy, and his second album Echo. The tour began on June 28, 2025, in Goyang, and concluded on November 1, 2025, in Incheon.

Goyang
Goyang (Korean: 고양; Korean pronunciation: [ko.jaŋ]) is a city in Gyeonggi Province in the north of South Korea. It is part of the Seoul Metropolitan Area, making Goyang one of Seoul's satellite cities. It is one of the largest cities in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, with a population of just over 1 million. Ilsan, a planned city, is located in the Ilsandong District and Ilsanseo Districts of Goyang. It also includes Deogyang District which is closer to Seoul.

Several institutions of higher learning are located in Goyang. These include Agricultural Cooperative College, Korea Aerospace University, and Transnational Law and Business University.
Sarah Stephens
Sarah Elizabeth Stephens (born 7 June 1990) is an Australian model and actress, best known for winning Girlfriend magazine's Model Search 2006 and walking in the 2008 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show at the age of 18.

Lacoste
Lacoste S.A. (/ləˈkɔːst, -ˈkɒst/; French: [lakɔst]) is a French designer sports fashion company, founded in 1933 by tennis player René Lacoste, and entrepreneur André Gillier. It sells clothing, footwear, sportswear, eyewear, leather goods, perfume, towels and watches. The company can be recognised by its green Crocodile logo. René Lacoste, the company's founder, was first given the nickname "the Crocodile" by the American press after he bet his team captain a crocodile-skin suitcase that he would win his match. He was later redubbed "the Crocodile" by French fans because of his tenacity on the tennis court. In November 2012, Lacoste was bought outright by Swiss family held group Maus Frères.
2016 Team Giant–Alpecin season
The 2016 season for the Team Giant–Alpecin began in January with the Tour Down Under. As a UCI WorldTeam, they were automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour.

Team Picnic–PostNL (men's team)
Team Picnic–PostNL (UCI team code: TPP) is a Dutch professional cycling team, competing at UCI WorldTeam level. The team is managed by Iwan Spekenbrink. The title sponsors of the team are online supermarket Picnic and the Dutch mail, parcel and e-commerce company PostNL.
Huckle (surname)
Huckle is an English and German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adam Huckle (born 1971), Zimbabwean cricketer

Alan Huckle (born 1948), British colonial administrator

James Huckle (born 1990), English sport shooter

Patrick Huckle (born 1983), German footballer

Richard Huckle (1986–2019), convicted English sex offender, "Britain's worst paedophile"

Theodore Huckle, Welsh barrister

Wilbur Huckle (born 1941), American professional baseball player

Wilbur Huckle
Wilbur Allan Huckle (born November 25, 1941)note is a former professional baseball infielder in the New York Mets farm system, who achieved "fan favorite" status, despite never playing in Major League Baseball. Listed at 5 feet 10 inches (1.78 m) and 175 pounds (79 kg), Huckle threw and batted right-handed. He later was a manager in the Mets farm system.
Epulis fissuratum
Epulis fissuratum  is a benign hyperplasia of fibrous connective tissue which develops as a reactive lesion to chronic mechanical irritation produced by the flange of a poorly fitting denture. More simply, epulis fissuratum is where excess folds of firm tissue form inside the mouth, as a result of rubbing on the edge of dentures that do not fit well. It is a harmless condition and does not represent oral cancer. Treatment is by simple surgical removal of the lesion, and also by adjustment of the denture or provision of a new denture.

It is a closely related condition to inflammatory papillary hyperplasia, but the appearance and location differs.

Connective tissue
Connective tissue is biological tissue that is found in between other tissues in the body. Most types of connective tissue consists of three main components: elastic and collagen fibers, ground substance, and cells.

It is one of the four primary types of animal tissue along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. It develops mostly from the mesenchyme, derived from the mesoderm, the middle embryonic germ layer.

The three meninges, membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord, are composed of connective tissue. Blood and lymph are classed as specialized fluid connective tissues that do not contain fiber. All are immersed in the body water. The cells of connective tissue include fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages, mast cells and leukocytes.

The term "connective tissue" (in German, Bindegewebe) was introduced in 1830 by Johannes Peter Müller. The tissue was already recognized as a distinct class in the 18th century.
Hofgeismar
Hofgeismar (German pronunciation: [hoːfˈɡaɪsmaʁ] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Kassel, in northern Hesse, Germany. It is located 25 km north of Kassel on the German Timber-Frame Road. In 1978 and in 2015, the town hosted the 18th Hessentag state festival.

Hessentag
The Hessentag (German pronunciation: [ˈhɛsn̩taːk]; English: Hesse Day) is an annual event, both fair and festival, organized by the German state of Hesse to represent the different regions of Hesse. The events are shown for a week to the visitors, with an emphasis on cultural displays and exhibitions. It is the oldest and largest state festival (Landesfest) in Germany.
Ramon Neri
Ramón B. Neri y San José (November 20, 1884 – June 28, 1929) was a Filipino journalist and politician who was the Mayor of Cagayan de Misamis from 1912–1916 and represented Misamis during the 4th Philippine Legislature. Together with his brother, Misamis Oriental Governor Vicente Neri, they Founded the first weekly newspaper in Cagayan de Oro. It was called Ang Katarungan.

Misamis (province)
Misamis was a province of the Philippines located in Mindanao. Originally a Spanish-era district, it became a chartered province on May 15, 1901 (Philippine Commission Act 128). The province was dissolved in 1929.
Eyrean grasswren
The Eyrean grasswren (Amytornis goyderi) is a small grasswren from the Passerine family Maluridae. This is a cryptically plumaged  and uncommon bird endemic to arid regions of Central Australia. The species was discovered by F.W. Andrews in 1874 around the Macumba River at Lake Eyre, and named after the South Australian Surveyor General George Woodroffe Goyder.

John Gould
John Gould FRS (/ɡuːld/; 14 September 1804 – 3 February 1881) was an English ornithologist who published monographs on birds, illustrated by plates produced by his wife, Elizabeth Gould, and several other artists, including Edward Lear, Henry Constantine Richter, Joseph Wolf and William Matthew Hart. Because of his 1840s seven-volume series The Birds of Australia and its updates he has been considered the father of bird study in Australia, and the Gould League in Australia is named after him. His identification of the birds now nicknamed "Darwin's finches" played a role in the inception of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. Gould's work is referenced in Charles Darwin's book, On the Origin of Species.
Savaryn
Savaryn is a slavic surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Neil Savaryn (1905–1986), Ukrainian-born Canadian Ukrainian Greek-Catholic bishop

Peter Savaryn (1926–2017), Ukrainian-born Canadian lawyer

Neil Savaryn
Neil Nicholas Savaryn, O.S.B.M. (Ukrainian: Ніл Микола Саварин; 19 May 1905 in Staryi Sambir, Austro-Hungarian Empire (present-day Lviv Oblast, Ukraine) – 8 January 1986 in Edmonton, Canada) was a Ukrainian-born Canadian Ukrainian Greek Catholic hierarch. He served as the titular bishop of Ios and auxiliary bishop of Apostolic Exarchate of Canada from 3 April 1943 until 19 January 1948 and as the first eparchial bishop of Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Edmonton from 19 January 1948 until his death on 8 January 1986 (until 10 March 1951 with title of Apostolic Exarch of Western Canada and until 3 November 1956 with title of Apostolic Exarch of Edmonton).
Volksbank Bielefeld-Gütersloh
The Volksbank Bielefeld-Gütersloh eG is a German regional cooperative bank based in the East Westphalian district town of Gütersloh. As of 2018, it had a balance sheet total of €4.44 billion, the third-largest Volksbank in North Rhine-Westphalia, and with 108,600 members, the largest association of individuals in the Ostwestfalen-Lippe region. The bank emerged from the merger of the Volksbank Gütersloh with the smaller Bielefelder Volksbank on May 22, 2014.

The Volksbank Bielefeld-Gütersloh's branches and self-service terminals are located in Bielefeld, Gütersloh, Rheda-Wiedenbrück, Verl (excluding Kaunitz), Steinhagen, Herzebrock, Schloß Holte-Stukenbrock, Rietberg-Bokel, Langenberg-Benteler and Versmold-Peckeloh. Two self-service terminals are located in corporate buildings of Bertelsmann.

Steinhagen, North Rhine-Westphalia
Steinhagen (German pronunciation: [ˈʃtaɪnhaːɡn̩] ⓘ) is a municipality in the district of Gütersloh in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located on the south slope of the Teutoburg Forest, approx. 10 km west of Bielefeld and 15 km north of Gütersloh. The village is well known for producing Schnaps made from juniper berries which are distilled three times. The 
Schnaps is called Steinhäger or Schinkenhäger and can be clear or dark when unfiltered.
Pope Glacier
Pope Glacier (75°19′S 111°22′W﻿ / ﻿75.317°S 111.367°W﻿ / -75.317; -111.367) is a glacier about 20 nautical miles (37 km) long, flowing north along the west side of Mount Murphy to Crosson Ice Shelf on Walgreen Coast, in Marie Byrd Land. Mapped by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1959–66. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) after Maj. Donald R. Pope, (CE) USA, civil engineer on the staff of the Commander, Naval Support Force, Antarctica, 1965–67. It is a tributary of Smith Glacier.

Smith Glacier
Smith Glacier (75°05′S 112°00′W﻿ / ﻿75.083°S 112.000°W﻿ / -75.083; -112.000﻿ (Smith Glacier) is a low-gradient Antarctic glacier, over 160 km (100 mi) long, draining from Toney Mountain in an ENE direction to Amundsen Sea. A northern distributary, Kohler Glacier, drains to Dotson Ice Shelf but the main flow passes to the sea between Bear Peninsula and Mount Murphy, terminating at Crosson Ice Shelf.
Existential closure
In formal semantics, existential closure is an operation which introduces existential quantification. It was first posited by Irene Heim in her 1982 dissertation, as part of her analysis of indefinites. In her formulation, existential closure is a form of unselective binding which binds any number of variables of any semantic type. In alternative semantics and related frameworks, the term is often applied to a closely related operation which existentially quantifies over a set of propositional alternatives.

Existential quantification
In predicate logic, an existential quantification is a type of quantifier which asserts the existence of an object with a given property. It is usually denoted by the logical operator symbol ∃, which, when used together with a predicate variable, is called an existential quantifier ("∃x" or "∃(x)" or "(∃x)"), read as "there exists", "there is at least one", or "for some". Existential quantification is distinct from universal quantification ("for all"), which asserts that the property or relation holds for all members of the domain. Some sources use the term existentialization to refer to existential quantification.

Quantification in general is covered in the article on quantification (logic). The existential quantifier is encoded as U+2203 ∃ THERE EXISTS in Unicode, and as \exists in LaTeX and related formula editors.
The African Church
The African Church is a Christian denomination that was established in the British colonial areas that later became Nigeria in 1901. It was established after strong disagreements arose between the European leadership of the Anglican Church and the native African leadership. Following the installation of Bishop Samuel Ajayi Crowther, a black African leader of the Anglican Church and translator of the Bible into the Yoruba language, as the head of Church of Nigeria, a number of African clerics obtained progressive education but did not advance in the leadership of the Church. This led to schisms that finally led to the formation of the indigenous African Church. Since 1983 clergy are trained at the African Church College of Theology which since 1992 has been affiliated with the University of Ibadan. The church runs three schools, two hospitals and some social centres and development projects.

University of Ibadan
The University of Ibadan (UI) is a federal university located in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Initially founded as the University College Ibadan in 1948, it maintained its affiliation with the University of London. In 1962, it became an independent institution, making it the oldest degree-awarding institution in Nigeria. The University of Ibadan has significantly contributed to Nigeria's political, industrial, economic, and cultural development through its extensive network of graduates.

UI enrolls about 33,000 students, is internationally recognized, and has a number of accomplished alumni.