hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gerhard Reber
Gerhard Rudolf Reber (28 April 1937 – 7 December 2023) was a German organisational theorist and Professor of Management and Organizational Behavior of the Johannes Kepler University of Linz. He is known for work on leadership studies, and particularly for his early work on multidimensional organizations.

Leadership studies
Leadership studies is a multidisciplinary academic field of study that focuses on leadership in organizational contexts and in human life. Leadership studies has origins in the social sciences (e.g., sociology, anthropology, psychology), in humanities (e.g., history and philosophy), as well as in professional and applied fields of study (e.g., management and education). The field of leadership studies is closely linked to the field of organizational studies.

As an academic area of inquiry, the study of leadership has been of interest to scholars from a wide variety of disciplinary backgrounds. Today, there are numerous academic programs (spanning several academic colleges and departments) related to the study of leadership. Leadership degree programs generally relate to: aspects of leadership, leadership studies, and organizational leadership (although there are a number of leadership-oriented concentrations in other academic areas).
Gęsice, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Gęsice [ɡɛ̃ˈɕit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łagów, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south-east of Łagów and 38 km (24 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Kielce County
Kielce County (Polish: powiat kielecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Kielce, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains five towns: Chęciny, 14 km (9 mi) south-west of Kielce, Chmielnik, 32 km (20 mi) south of Kielce, Daleszyce, 17 km (11 mi) south-east of Kielce, Bodzentyn, 25 km (16 mi) east of Kielce, Morawica, 13,7 km (8,5 mi) south of Kielce.

The county covers an area of 2,247.45 square kilometres (867.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 206,856, out of which the population of Chęciny is 4,444, that of Chmielnik is 3,681, that of Daleszyce is 2,896, that of Bodzentyn is 2,233, that of Morawica is 1,711, and the rural population is 191,891.
Vincenzo Aloi
Vincenzo Aloi (born  September 22, 1933 – July 14, 2025) was an American mobster involved in stock fraud who briefly served as the acting boss, and later consigliere, of the Colombo crime family of New York City. Vincenzo was also a figure in the Third Colombo War alongside his brother Benny.

Gangster
A gangster (informally gangsta) is a criminal who is a member of a gang. Most gangs are considered to be part of organized crime. Gangsters are also called mobsters, a term derived from mob and the suffix -ster. Gangs provide a level of organization and resources that support much larger and more complex criminal transactions than an individual criminal could achieve. Gangsters have been active for many years in countries around the world. Gangsters are the subject of many novels, films, television series, and video games.
Stephen Waite
Stephen Waite is a British academic who was Vice-Chancellor of Writtle University College (near Chelmsford, Essex) one of the largest land-based university colleges in the UK. Waite lives in Hassocks with his wife and has two daughters.

Before he joined Writtle he was Vice Principal (Higher Education) at Hartpury College and Associate Dean at University of the West of England. Waite has been instrumental in a number of global joint education ventures with visits/projects in India, Malaysia, China and Vietnam. He has taught for the Mongolian National University and carried out project work in Ukraine.

He is a previous board director of Landex and a governor of Plumpton College. Waite is also a noted author in the field of ecology. (A Textbook of Agroecology – 2010)

Landex
The Land Based Colleges Aspiring to Excellence (Landex) is a membership organisation for specialist land-based colleges and universities in the United Kingdom. Established in 2006, Landex is the predecessor of the National Association of Principal Agricultural Education Officers (Napaeo).
Trial of Alex Murdaugh
State of South Carolina v. Richard Alexander Murdaugh was the trial of former American lawyer Alex Murdaugh for the murders of his wife, Maggie, and their 22-year-old son, Paul, on June 7, 2021. The trial in the fourteenth circuit of the South Carolina Circuit Court began on January 25, 2023, and ended on March 2 with a guilty verdict on all four counts. Murdaugh, who had pleaded not guilty, was sentenced to two life sentences to run consecutively without the possibility of parole. He soon filed a motion for new trial, alleging that the court clerk tampered with the jury; a new trial court judge denied the motion in January 2024.

Local media called the trial South Carolina's "trial of the century" and "one of the most high-profile and sensational cases in South Carolina legal history".

On May 14, 2025, former trial clerk Becky Hill was arrested and charged with felony misconduct; this was seen as reviving if not increasing Murdaugh's efforts to obtain a new trial.

Court clerk
A court clerk (British English: clerk to the court or clerk of the court /klɑːrk/; American English: clerk of the court or clerk of court /klɜːrk/) is an officer of the court whose responsibilities include maintaining records of a court and administering oaths to witnesses, jurors, and grand jurors as well as performing some quasi-secretarial duties.  The records management duties of a court clerk include the acceptance of documents for filing with the court to become part of the court's official records, preserving and protecting those records, providing the general public with access to those records, and maintaining the docket, register of actions, and/or minutes of the court which list all filings and events in each case.  These duties are important because the availability of legal relief often depends upon the timely filing of documents before applicable deadlines.
1912–13 Isthmian League
The 1912–13 season was the eighth in the history of the Isthmian League, an English football competition.

London Caledonians were champions, winning their fourth Isthmian League title. At the end of the season Tunbridge Wells resigned from the league and joined the Spartan League.

Isthmian League
The Isthmian League (/ˈɪs(θ)miən/) is a regional football league covering Greater London, East and South East England, featuring mostly semi-professional clubs. Together with the Southern Football League and the Northern Premier League it forms levels seven and eight of the English football league system.

Founded in 1905 by amateur clubs in the London area, the league now consists of 88 teams in four divisions: the Premier Division above its three feeder divisions, the North, South Central and South East divisions.
Together with the Southern League and the Northern Premier League, it forms the seventh and eighth levels of the English football league system. It has various regional feeder leagues and the league as a whole is a feeder league mainly to the National League South.
X'baatún
X'baatún is an archaeological site and ancient Maya city built around a jungle lagoon of the state of Yucatán in Mexico, its initial settlement began around 300 BC during the Preclassic period of the Maya civilization and its development extended until the end of the late classic period between 800 and 1000 AD. The site is near the Maya city of Izamal and includes large megalithic style ceremonial and residential buildings with walled structures.

Preclassic Maya
The Preclassic period in Maya history stretches from the beginning of permanent village life c. 1000 BC until the advent of the Classic Period c. 250 AD, and is subdivided into Early (prior to 1000 BC), Middle (1000–400 BC), and Late (400 BC – 250 AD).  Major archaeological sites of this period include Nakbe, Uaxactun, Seibal, San Bartolo, Cival, and El Mirador.

Maya society underwent a series of profound transformations between c. 100 AD and 250 AD, which resulted in the cessation of monumental building at many Preclassic cities and the inferred collapse of their political and economic systems, often characterized as the "Preclassic Collapse."
Sumerco, West Virginia
Sumerco is an unincorporated community in northeastern Lincoln County, West Virginia, United States, led by William Runyon. It lies along West Virginia Route 214 east of the town of Hamlin, the county seat of Lincoln County.  Sumerco's elevation is 1,211 feet (369 m).  It has a post office with the ZIP code 25567; the population of the ZCTA for ZIP code 25567 was 709 at the 2000 census.

Lincoln County, West Virginia
Lincoln County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 20,463. Its county seat is Hamlin. The county was created in 1867 and named for Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln County is part of the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Dino Hotić
Dino Hotić (Bosnian pronunciation: [dîːno xǒtitɕ]; born 26 July 1995) is a professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for TFF 1. Lig club Bodrum. Born in Slovenia, he represented the Bosnia and Herzegovina national team internationally.

Hotić started his professional career at Maribor, who loaned him to Veržej in 2013 and to Krško in 2016. In 2020, he joined Cercle Brugge. Three years later, he moved to Polish club Lech Poznań.

A former Slovenian youth international, Hotić made his senior international debut for Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2019.

Bodrum F.K.
Bodrum Futbol Kulübü, known as Sipay Bodrumspor due to sponsorship reasons, is a Turkish professional football club based in the resort town of Bodrum, Muğla Province. Established in 1931, the club spent much of its early existence in amateur leagues before gradually rising through the Turkish football pyramid.

As of the 2024–25 season, Bodrum FK made its debut in Turkey’s top division, the Süper Lig, after winning the promotion play-off final in 2024 to become the first club ever from Muğla Province to reach that level.

The club plays its home matches at the Grey Beton Bodrum İlçe Stadyumu, a modest venue that met licensing requirements following upgrades ahead of its top-flight entry.
Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals
The Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals (ISEA) (Russian: Институт систематики и экологии животных, ИСЭЖ ) located in Novosibirsk is one of the oldest research organization in the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS). The institute was founded in 1944 as Biomedical Institute, the first Siberian academic establishment working in biology.  The Siberian Zoological Museum of the ISEA SB RAS has the third-largest coleopteran collection in Russia. Some Siberian research organizations as the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS and the Institute of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry SB RAS were derived from the Institute former laboratories.

Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SBRAS) was established by  the Decree of the Government of the USSR  which was based on the proposal of Mikhail Lavrentyev, Sergei Sobolev and Sergey Khristianovich in 1957 as a regional division of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, replacing a previous small branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.  Novosibirsk State University was founded to serve as a staff base for the Siberian Branch.

Lavrentyev was also the founding chairman of the branch.
Wrestling at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's freestyle 53 kg
Women's freestyle 53 kilograms competition at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, took place on August 18 at the Carioca Arena 2 in Barra da Tijuca. Nineteen competitors from as many nations participated in the competition.

This freestyle wrestling competition consists of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals. The two finalists face off for gold and silver medals. Each wrestler who loses to one of the two finalists moves into the repechage, culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket.

Carioca Arena 2
Carioca Arena 2 (Portuguese: Arena Carioca 2) is a technical education institution and indoor stadium in Barra da Tijuca in the west zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The venue hosted judo and wrestling at the 2016 Summer Olympics as well as boccia at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. As with a number of other venues in the Barra Olympic Park, Carioca Arena 2 was transformed after the games to become part of the Olympic Training Centre.

The arena has since been converted into a branch of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology. It serves 1400 students.
Spodnji Hotič
Spodnji Hotič (pronounced [ˈspoːdnji xɔˈtitʃ]; in older sources also Spodnje Hotiče, German: Unterhöttisch) is a settlement on the left bank of the Sava River north of Litija in central Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola and is now included with the rest of the Municipality of Litija in the Central Sava Statistical Region.

Upper Carniola
Littoral

Carniola: 2a Upper, 2b Inner, 2c Lower

Carinthia

Styria

Prekmurje

Upper Carniola (Slovene: Gorenjska pronounced [ɡɔˈɾèːnska]; Italian: Alta Carniola; German: Oberkrain) is a traditional region of Slovenia, the northern mountainous part of the larger Carniola region. The largest town in the region is Kranj, and other urban centers include Kamnik, Jesenice, Domžale and Škofja Loka. It has around 300,000 inhabitants or 14% of the population of Slovenia.
Wibele
Wibele are very small, sweet biscuits originating from the Franconian city of Langenburg in Germany, though nowadays they are considered a Swabian speciality. The dough is made from egg white, icing sugar, flour and vanilla sugar. They are similar to "Russisch Brot" ("Russian bread"), another form of German biscuit, but instead are only baked until they are slightly brown. They are in the shape of a figure 8, and are formally supposed to be 22 millimeters long and 12 millimeters wide.

They were invented by the court cook of the prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, Jakob Christian Carl Wibel. Café Bauer in Langenburg is the only company allowed to produce "Original Wibele", as the owner secured the rights in 1911. However, Wibele biscuits are also produced by other companies.

Vanilla sugar
Vanilla sugar is a commonly used ingredient in many European desserts.

Vanilla sugar is made by infusing sugar and vanilla beans, or sugar mixed with vanilla extract (in a proportion of two cups of sugar for one teaspoon of extract).

Pre-packaged vanilla sugar can be costly and difficult to obtain outside Europe but can be made at home. Typically, it is made by infusing granulated white sugar with vanilla beans (approximately, 2 cups of sugar per vanilla bean). In some cases the vanilla bean can be replaced with vanilla extract.

Vanilla sugar can be prepared by combining 400 g (2 cups) of white sugar with the scraped seeds of one vanilla bean. It can also be made by adding 1 to 2 whole vanilla beans to an airtight jar with 200 to 400 g (1 to 2 cups) of white sugar, and aging the mixture for two weeks; the sugar can be replaced as it is used.

Cheaper vanilla sugar is also available, made only from sugar and vanillin.
XDNA (multi-graphics)
The xDNA technology is a technology designed by Diamond Multimedia, allowing motherboards which are not certified for ATI CrossFire (for instance, nForce 500/600 series motherboards designed by Nvidia) to install multiple ATI Radeon video cards (up to four) as a CrossFire setup and operate in rendering modes which are exclusively made for CrossFire setups. Diamond Multimedia will provide optimized Catalyst drivers and middleware for the platform in a single package.

AMD CrossFire
AMD CrossFire (also known as CrossFireX) is a brand name for the multi-GPU technology by AMD, originally developed by ATI Technologies. The technology allows up to four GPUs to be used in a single computer to improve graphics performance.

Associated technology used in mobile computers with external graphics cards, such as in laptops or notebooks, is called AMD Hybrid Graphics.

The CrossFire brand name was retired by AMD in September 2017, however the company continues to develop and support the technology for DirectX 11 applications. For DirectX 12 applications, AMD has the mGPU (also known as multi-GPU) branding, with the difference being that software developers must create mGPU compatible profiles for their applications where before AMD created the profiles for DirectX 11 applications.
HMAS Townsville
Two ships of the Royal Australian Navy have been named HMAS Townsville, for the city of Townsville, Queensland.

HMAS Townsville (J205), a Bathurst-class corvette that was launched in 1941, served until 1946, and was scrapped in 1956

HMAS Townsville (FCPB 205), a Fremantle-class patrol boat launched in 1981, in service until 2007, and preserved as a museum ship

Fremantle-class patrol boat
The Fremantle-class patrol boats were coastal patrol vessels operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) from 1979 to 2007. Designed by British shipbuilder Brooke Marine and constructed in Australia by NQEA, the Fremantle class were larger, more powerful, and more capable than the preceding Attack class, and the two primary patrol boat bases required infrastructure upgrades to support them. Although up to 30 vessels were planned, fifteen were ordered and constructed, with an unexercised option for five more.

Their retirement was announced in 2001 and a decommissioning schedule published in 2004. From May 2005 they were replaced by the Armidale-class patrol boats with the last two Fremantles decommissioning in May 2007. Most of the class were scrapped, with two marked for preservation as museum ships. The Fremantle class has also appeared in two drama television series based on the Royal Australian Navy.
Ellishadder
Ellishadder (Scottish Gaelic: Ealaiseadar) is a crofting township, situated close to the north shore of the freshwater Loch Mealt, on the Trotternish peninsula of the Isle of Skye, and is in the Scottish council area of Highland. Ellishadder is one of 23 townships making up the district area of Staffin.

The Kilt Rock viewpoint is situated to the east of the township, and  comprises sea-cliffs 55 metres (180 ft) tall, composed of basalt/dolerite rock. The viewpoint is best known for its waterfall, Mealt Falls - the outflow of Loch Mealt.

The Staffin Museum, also situated in the east of the township, exhibits the largest collection of local dinosaur footprints and bones, amongst many local artefacts representing the social history of Trotternish. The museum was founded in 1976 by Dugald Ross, and moved to its present location, a restored byre, in 1994. The building was formerly a Gaelic school run by the church in the early 1800s.

Diabase
Diabase (/ˈdaɪ.əˌbeɪs/), also called dolerite (/ˈdɒl.əˌraɪt/) or microgabbro, is a mafic, holocrystalline, subvolcanic rock equivalent to volcanic basalt or plutonic gabbro. Diabase dikes and sills are typically shallow intrusive bodies and often exhibit fine-grained to aphanitic chilled margins which may contain tachylite (dark mafic glass).

Diabase is the preferred name in North America, while dolerite is the preferred name in the rest of the English-speaking world, where sometimes the name diabase refers to altered dolerites and basalts. Some geologists prefer to avoid confusion by using the name microgabbro.
Tayr Jamlah
Tayr Jamlah (Arabic: طير جملة) is a Syrian village located in the Masyaf Subdistrict in Masyaf District, located west of Hama. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Tayr Jamlah had a population of 1,584 in the 2004 census.

Masyaf Subdistrict
Masyaf Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية مركز مصياف)  is a Syrian nahiyah (subdistrict) located in Masyaf District in Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Masyaf Subdistrict had a population of 68,184 in the 2004 census. As of July 2023, the population was estimated to be 67,185.
Marie-Adélaïde de La Touche-Limouzinière
Marie-Adélaïde de La Touche-Limouzinière (married name de La Rochefoucauld-Bayers, 5 March 1760 – 24 January 1794), Countess of La Roche, was a French aristocrat, counter-revolutionary and combatant in the War of the Vendée.

Les Sables-d'Olonne
Les Sables-d'Olonne (French pronunciation: [le sabl dɔlɔn] ⓘ; Poitevin: Lés Sablles d'Oloune; lit. 'The Sands of Olonne') is a seaside resort and port on the Atlantic coast of Western France, best known as the starting and finishing point of the round the world Vendée Globe yacht race. A subprefecture of the Vendée department, Pays de la Loire, administratively it is a commune, Vendée's second most populated after La Roche-sur-Yon. On 1 January 2019, the communes of Olonne-sur-Mer, Château-d'Olonne and Les Sables-d'Olonne merged, retaining the latter name.
Dolga Njiva
Dolga Njiva (pronounced [ˈdoːu̯ɡa ˈnjiːʋa], German: Langenacker or Douganiwa) is a former village in eastern Slovenia in the Municipality of Trebnje. It is now part of the village of Gradišče pri Trebnjem. It is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

Municipality of Trebnje
The Municipality of Trebnje (pronounced [ˈtɾeːbnjɛ] ⓘ; Slovene: Občina Trebnje) is a municipality in Slovenia in the traditional region of Lower Carniola. The seat of the municipality is the town of Trebnje.

The municipality was established on 3 October 1994. It was increased in size on 6 August 1998, when the settlements of Kostanjevica and Ravne nad Šentrupertom were transferred to the municipality from the neighboring Municipality of Litija. It was then reduced in size on 13 June 2006 with the formation of the new municipalities of Mokronog-Trebelno and Šentrupert from the municipality's territory. On February 26, 2011, Trebnje was again reduced in size when the Municipality of Mirna was reestablished.
National symbols of Colombia
The  National symbols of Colombia are the symbols which represent the national identity  of the Republic of Colombia as a sovereign state. The national symbols intend to represent the Colombian identity by creating visual, verbal cultural iconic representations of the national people, values, goals, and history.

These symbols are often rallied around as part of celebrations of patriotism and are designed to be inclusive and representative of all the peoples of the national community.

Cultural icon
A cultural icon is a person or an artifact that is identified by members of a culture as representative of that culture. The process of identification is subjective, and "icons" are judged by the extent to which they can be seen as an authentic symbol of that culture. When individuals perceive a cultural icon, they relate it to their general perceptions of the cultural identity represented. Cultural icons can also be identified as an authentic representation of the practices of one culture by another.

In popular culture and elsewhere, the term "iconic" is used to describe a wide range of people, places, and things. Some commentators believe that the word "iconic" is overused.