hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Holzheim Castle (Langerwehe)
Holzheim Castle (German: Burg Holzheim) is a lowland castle west of  Heistern in the municipality of Langerwehe in the county of Düren in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It stands between Heistern and the Bovenberg Forest near Eschweiler-Nothberg and is used today as a farm and riding estate.

A small stream, the Holzheimer Graben, runs past the castle to the east. It discharges into the Inde at Hücheln.

The castle dates to 1333, and its owners were vassals of the Duchy of Jülich. In the 15th to 17th centuries the manor house and gate tower were built, both of which have survived. In 1818, when the region was part of the Prussia county of  Düren, the castle and its estates were sold to private buyers. In 1893 it was bought by Richard Schleicher, who also bought the nearby estate of Schönthal. The property later changed hands several times.

Duchy of Jülich
The Duchy of Jülich (German: Herzogtum Jülich; Dutch: Hertogdom Gulik; French: Duché de Juliers) comprised a state within the Holy Roman Empire from the 11th to the 18th centuries. The duchy lay west of the Rhine river and was bordered by the Electorate of Cologne to the east and the Duchy of Limburg to the west. It had territories on both sides of the river Rur, around its capital Jülich – the former Roman Iuliacum – in the lower Rhineland. The duchy amalgamated with the County of Berg beyond the Rhine in 1423, and from then on also became known as Jülich-Berg.  Later it became part of the United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg.

Its territory lies in present-day Germany (part of North Rhine-Westphalia) and in the present-day Netherlands (part of the Limburg province), its population sharing the same Limburgish dialect.
Charis (butterfly)
Charis is a genus of the Riodinini tribe of metalmark butterflies (family Riodinidae). Nineteen species have been identified within the Charis cleonus complex (however, further analysis has revised this clade to contain 22 species) and eight species within the Charis gynaea group (clade). Charis butterflies are common in the Neotropics and often live in primary and secondary growth. The Charis cleonus group exhibits contemporary parapatric distributions throughout Amazonia and are thought to have speciated allopatrically; residing in "areas of endemism". Some evidence suggests that Charis (among other Riodininae groups) are reproductively isolated by mating preferences for different topographic areas and different times—of which, may have promoted speciation between the various groups.

Reproductive isolation
The mechanisms of reproductive isolation are a collection of evolutionary mechanisms, behaviors and physiological processes critical for speciation. They prevent members of different species from producing offspring, or ensure that any offspring are sterile. These barriers maintain the integrity of a species by reducing gene flow between related species.

The mechanisms of reproductive isolation have been classified in a number of ways. Zoologist Ernst Mayr classified the mechanisms of reproductive isolation in two broad categories: pre-zygotic for those that act before fertilization (or before mating in the case of animals) and post-zygotic for those that act after it. The mechanisms are genetically controlled and can appear in species whose geographic distributions overlap (sympatric speciation) or are separate (allopatric speciation).
Kant Alsisar
Kant is a small village in the Alsisar mandal of Jhunjhunu district in Rajasthan, India. It is located 24 kilometres (15 mi) away from Jhunjhunu on the North side, and 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) away from Alsisar.

Alsisar
Alsisar is a small town in the north-western part of Jhunjhunu district, Rajasthan, India. The area surrounding the town is an arid semi desert. This place is known for its temperature ranging from 48 °C in summer to below zero levels in winter.

Like other places in Shekhawati, Alsisar is famous for its castle, havelis and cenotaphs.
Tamehr
Tamehr (Persian: طامهر, also Romanized as Ţāmehr; also known as Tāmar and Tamer) is a village in Allahabad Rural District, Zarach District, Yazd County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 57, in 24 families.

Yazd province
Yazd province (Persian: استان یزد) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran and is in the center of the country. Its capital is the city of Yazd. In 2014, it was placed in Region 5. The province has an area of 76,469 km2.
Mohammad Siddiq Chakari
Mohammad Siddiq Chakari (born 4 August 1961) is an Afghan politician.

Chakari was born in Chakari, Kabul Province, Afghanistan.  He studied at the Madrasa E Abu Hanifa until grade 12 and travelled to Saudi Arabia for further and higher education. He completed a master's degree (MA) and was a successful graduate of Islamic studies.

When he returned to his country, he joined the mujahideen and was a leader of the fight against the Soviet invasion. After 14 years of jihad Chakari was given a place in the Afghan cabinet as information minister.

He also wrote and translated his book, Lizat-E-Eman, Sifat-E-Qumandaan, and Moral-e-mujahid in Persian and Arabic.

He was also appointed an advisory minister to President Hamid Karzai

Mujahideen
Mujahideen or mujahidin (Arabic: مُجَاهِدِين, romanized: mujāhidīn), is the plural form of mujahid (Arabic: مُجَاهِد, romanized: mujāhid, lit. 'strugglers or strivers, doers of jihād'), an Arabic term that broadly refers to people who engage in jihad (lit. 'struggle or striving [for justice, right conduct, Godly rule, etc.]'), interpreted in a jurisprudence of Islam as the fight on behalf of God, religion or the community (ummah).

The widespread use of the word in English began with reference to the guerrilla-type militant groups led by the Islamist Afghan fighters in the Soviet–Afghan War (see Afghan mujahideen). The term now extends to other jihadist groups in various countries.
Moskva, Tver Oblast
56°55′05″N 32°09′49″E﻿ / ﻿56.91806°N 32.16361°E﻿ / 56.91806; 32.16361

Moskva (Russian: Москва́) is a village in Penovsky District of Tver Oblast, Russia, located on the shore of Ordonikolskoye Lake.

In 1859, the village was a part of Ostashkovsky Uyezd of Tver Governorate and had a population of 48 (23 males and 25 females) comprising five households.

Penovsky District
Penovsky District  (Russian: Пе́новский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast and borders with Ostashkovsky District in the north, Selizharovsky District in the east, Andreapolsky District in the south, and with Maryovsky District of Novgorod Oblast in the west. The area of the district is 2,385 square kilometers (921 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Peno. Population: 6,864 (2010 Census);  8,523 (2002 Census); 10,291 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Peno accounts for 61.5% of the district's total population.
Apostolic Vicariate of Savannakhet
The Apostolic Vicariate of Savannakhet (Latin: Vicariatus Apostolicus Savannakhetensis) is a territorial jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Laos. As an apostolic vicariate, it is a pre-diocesan jurisdiction, entitled to a titular bishop. It is located in central Laos.

It is exempt, i.e., not part of any ecclesiastical province and directly dependent on the Holy See and its missionary Dicastery for Evangelization.

The vicariate covers an area of 48,100 km2 in central Laos, including the provinces of Savannakhet, Khammouan and part of Bolikhamxai. By land area, it is the largest of the apostolic vicariates in Laos. Approximately 12,500 of the 2.7 million people living within the vicariate are members of the Catholic Church. The vicariate has 54 parishes, and only 6 priests.

Khammouane province
Khammouane province (Khammouan) (Lao: ຄໍາມ່ວນ, pronounced [kʰám mūan]) is a province in southern Laos. Its capital is Thakhek. Khammouane province covers an area of 16,315 square kilometres (6,299 sq mi), most of which is forested mountainous terrain. The forests of the Nakai-Nam Theun National Park contains streams that feed Mekong tributaries and form the catchment area for Nam Theun 2, the largest hydropower project in Laos. The Xe Bang Fai River, Nam Hinboun River, and the Nam Theun are some of the rivers of the province.

Part of the aborted Thakhek-Tan Ap railway would have crossed the province to connect with the North-South Railway at Tân Ấp Railway Station, Quảng Bình province, Vietnam through Mụ Giạ Pass. Khammouane's human development index is 0.602 which is less than the Laos average of 0.620.
Independent hardware vendor
An independent hardware vendor (IHV) is a company that designs, manufactures or sells hardware or peripherals compatible with operating systems. Examples of Independent hardware vendors are Intel, AMD and Samsung.

Peripheral
A peripheral  device, or simply peripheral, is an auxiliary hardware device that a computer uses to transfer information externally. A peripheral is a hardware component that is accessible to and controlled by a computer but is not a core component of the computer. It can communicate with a computer through wired or wireless connections. Many modern electronic devices, such as Internet-enabled digital watches, video game consoles, smartphones, and tablet computers, have interfaces for use as a peripheral.

Mouses and keyboards became the standard for computer peripheral input devices in the 1970s, while memory storage devices continued to be developed in new ways. Output devices, such as monitors, began as cathode rays, before switching to LCD monitors in the 1980s.
Jean-Claude Merlin
Jean-Claude Merlin (born 1954) is a French astronomer, founder-president of the Burgundy Astronomical Society (French: Société Astronomique de Bourgogne) and a discoverer of minor planets. He was laureate of the Marcel Bleustein-Blanchet Fondation de la Vocation in 1982 and received the Prix Georges Bidault de l'Isle of the Société astronomique de France in 1999.

The main-belt asteroid 57658 Nilrem, discovered by Michel Ory at the Jura Observatory in 2001, is named after him. Its naming citation was published on 6 March 2004 (M.P.C. 51190).

Société astronomique de France
The Société astronomique de France (SAF; French: [sɔsjete astʁɔnɔmik də fʁɑ̃s]), the French astronomical society, is a non-profit association in the public interest organized under French law (Association loi de 1901). Founded by astronomer Camille Flammarion in 1887, its purpose is to promote the development and practice of astronomy.
Nordharz (Verwaltungsgemeinschaft)
Nordharz ("north Harz") was a Verwaltungsgemeinschaft ("collective municipality") in the district of Harz, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was situated north of the Harz mountain range and the town of Wernigerode. The seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft was in Veckenstedt. It was disbanded on 1 January 2010.

Municipal association (Germany)
Municipal associations (German: Verwaltungsgemeinschaften, pronounced [fɛɐ̯ˈvaltʊŋsɡəˌmaɪ̯nʃaftn̩] ⓘ, lit. 'administrative communities') are statutory corporations or public bodies created by statute in the German federal states of Bavaria, Saxony, Thuringia, and Schleswig-Holstein. In Baden-Württemberg the term stipulated municipal association (German: vereinbarte Verwaltungsgemeinschaft) is used.
Wu Yihui
Wu Yihui 吳翼翬 (Cantonese Ng Yik-fai) (1887 – 1958) was a Chinese martial artist and scholar. He was the first person to open teachings and spread the art of Liuhebafa in public, and was a prominent fighter and instructor who influenced many of the masters of his generation.

Yiquan
Yiquan (Chinese: 意拳; pinyin: yìquán), also known as dachengquan (Chinese: 大成拳; pinyin: dàchéngquán), is a Chinese martial art founded by the xingyiquan master Wang Xiangzhai. Yì (意) means "intent" (but not intention), while quán (拳) means "boxing."
Nabakrishna Deb
Maharaja Nabakrishna Deb (also known as Raja  Nabakrishna Deb, archaic spelling Nubkissen; 10 October 1733 – 22 December 1797), founder of the Sovabazar Raj family, was a maharaja and close confidant and friend of Robert Clive. Deb was instrumental in a plot against Siraj-ud-Daulah.

Raja
Raja (/ˈrɑːdʒɑː/; from IAST rājan-) is a noble or royal Sanskrit title historically used by some Indian rulers and monarchs and highest-ranking nobles. The title was historically used in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.

The title has a long history in South Asia and Southeast Asia, being attested from the Rigveda, where a rājan- is a ruler, see for example the daśarājñá yuddhá, the "Battle of Ten Kings".

The title has equivalent cognates in other Indo-European languages, notably the Latin Rex and the Celtic Rix.

The Maratha title "Rao" (or "Rao") functions as both a given name and an honorific title, derived from words like the Sanskrit "Rājā" meaning "king," is a associated with the Kshatriya varna and can be considered a Kshatriya title.
2018 Carolina Challenge Cup
The 2018 Carolina Challenge Cup was the 14th edition of the Carolina Challenge Cup, an annual soccer tournament held in Charleston, South Carolina by the Charleston Battery. The tournament ran from February 17 to 24, with all matches played at MUSC Health Stadium in Charleston.

In addition to the Charleston Battery of the United Soccer League (USL), three Major League Soccer (MLS) clubs participated: Columbus Crew SC and 2017 expansion franchises Atlanta United FC and Minnesota United FC.

Minnesota United FC
Minnesota United Football Club, often shortened to MNUFC, is an American professional soccer club based in Saint Paul, Minnesota. The club competes in Major League Soccer (MLS) as a member of the Western Conference. The club began play in the 2017 season as the league's 22nd club, and replaced the North American Soccer League (NASL) franchise of the same name.

The club played its home games at the TCF Bank Stadium, on the campus of the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, for its first two seasons in MLS play. Minnesota United completed construction of Allianz Field, a soccer-specific stadium in St. Paul's Midway neighborhood, in early 2019.

Minnesota United's ownership is led by Bill McGuire, former CEO of UnitedHealth Group, and includes other Minnesota sports owners: the Pohlad family, owners of the Twins; Timberwolves owner Glen Taylor; former Wild investor Glen Nelson, and his daughter Wendy Carlson Nelson of the Carlson hospitality company.
Operation Ore
Operation Ore was a British police operation that commenced in 1999 following information received from US law enforcement, which was intended to prosecute thousands of users of a website reportedly featuring child pornography. It was the United Kingdom's biggest ever computer crime investigation, leading to 7,250 suspects identified, 4,283 homes searched, 3,744 arrests, 1,848 charged, 1,451 convictions, 493 cautioned and 140 children removed from suspected dangerous situations and an estimated 33 suicides. Operation Ore identified and prosecuted some sex offenders, but the validity of the police procedures was later questioned, as errors in the investigations resulted in many false arrests.

Operation Ore followed a similar crackdown in the United States, called Operation Avalanche; in the US, 100 people were charged from the 35,000 US access records available. In total, 390,000 individuals in over 60 countries were found to have accessed material in the combined investigations.

Territorial police force
A territorial police force is a police service that is responsible for an area defined by sub-national boundaries, distinguished from other police services which deal with the entire country or a type of crime. In countries organized as federations, police responsible for individual sub-national jurisdictions are typically called state or provincial police.
The Fight Song (Marilyn Manson song)
"The Fight Song" is a song by American rock band Marilyn Manson. It was released in 2001 as the second single from their fourth full-length studio album, Holy Wood (In the Shadow of the Valley of Death).

It was released in two standalone physical formats. The first, titled "The Fight Song Pt.1", was released on January 29, 2001, in the US and on February 19, 2001, in the UK. "The Fight Song Pt.1" was also released as a 12" picture disc vinyl LP on February 19, 2001 in the UK. Both feature a remix by Joey Jordison of the nu metal band Slipknot. The second, titled "The Fight Song Pt.2", was released on February 2, 2001, in the US and on March 6, 2001, in the UK.

The title is a pun on high school and college football team anthems known as fight songs as the song is partly a post-Columbine statement disparaging mainstream America's own glorification of violence among its youth; football is simultaneously one of the most violent sports and one of America's greatest obsessions.

Jock (stereotype)
In the United States and Canada, a jock is a stereotype of an Athlete, or someone who is consumed by sports and sports culture, and does not take much interest in intellectual pursuits or other activities. It is generally applied mostly to high school and college athletics participants who form a distinct youth subculture.

As a blanket term, jock can be considered synonymous with athlete. Jocks are usually presented as male practitioners of team sports such as American football, basketball, baseball, lacrosse, soccer, swimming, and ice hockey.
Show Yourself (Mastodon song)
"Show Yourself" is a single by American progressive metal band Mastodon, off of their studio album Emperor of Sand. It peaked at number 4 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Songs chart in 2017, making it their highest-charting song to date.

Bill Kelliher
William Breen Kelliher (born March 23, 1971) is an American musician, best known as the rhythm guitarist of heavy metal band Mastodon.  He is the only band member who doesn't share the lead vocal duty (though he's been known to sing in some live performances).
Mount Eugene
Mount Eugene is the highest mountain of the United States Range on Ellesmere Island. Originally named "Mount Arthur Eugene" in 1883 by the United States Army Signal Service during their Lady Franklin Bay expedition.

United States Army Signal Corps
The United States Army Signal Corps (USASC) is a branch of the United States Army responsible for creating and managing communications and information systems for the command and control of combined arms forces. It manages new technologies and portfolios that are eventually transferred to other U.S. government entities; such responsibilities include military intelligence, weather forecasting, and aviation.
1987 Torneo Godó – Singles
Kent Carlsson was the defending champion but was forced to forfeit the rest of the season, due to a knee injury that was suffered in August.

Martín Jaite won the title by defeating Mats Wilander 7–6(7–5), 6–4, 4–6, 0–6, 6–4 in the final.

Kent Carlsson
Kent Carlsson (born 3 January 1968) is a former tennis player from Sweden. A seasoned claycourter, he won all nine of his ATP tour singles titles on the surface, including the 1988 Hamburg Masters. Carlsson achieved a career-high singles ranking of World No. 6 in September 1988.
2018 Tour of Flanders
The 2018 Tour of Flanders (Dutch: Ronde van Vlaanderen 2018) was a road cycling one-day race that took place on 1 April 2018 in Belgium. It was the 102nd edition of the Tour of Flanders and the thirteenth event of the 2018 UCI World Tour.

Quick-Step Floors rider Niki Terpstra became the first Dutch rider since Adri van der Poel in 1986 to win the Tour of Flanders, having gone clear on the Kruisberg climb. Terpstra remained clear over the remaining 25 kilometres (16 miles), finishing 12 seconds ahead of Trek–Segafredo's Mads Pedersen, while the podium was completed by defending race-winner Philippe Gilbert, also for Quick-Step Floors.

Adri van der Poel
Adri van der Poel (born 17 June 1959) is a retired Dutch cyclist. Van der Poel was a professional from 1981 to 2000. His biggest wins included six classics, two stages of the Tour de France and the World Cyclo-Cross Championships in 1996. He also obtained the second place and silver medal in the World Road Championships in 1983 behind Greg LeMond and five second places in the World Cyclo-Cross championships. The Grand Prix Adrie van der Poel is named after him.
South Mail
The South Mail was an Australian passenger train that ran from Sydney to Albury and Griffith until May 1985.

In June 1984, it was converted to XPT operation with the Griffith portion ceasing. With a lack of sleeping accommodation, patronage dwindled and the South Mail ceased operating in May 1985.

Albury railway station
Albury railway station is a heritage-listed railway station at Railway Place, Albury, New South Wales, Australia, adjacent to the border with Victoria, in Australia. It was designed under the direction of John Whitton and built from 1880 to 1881. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register in 1999.
RustDesk
RustDesk is a remote access and remote control software, primarily written in Rust, that enables remote maintenance of computers and other devices. The RustDesk client runs on operating systems such as Microsoft Windows, Apple MacOS, Apple iOS, Android and common Linux distributions. RustDesk has the aspiration to be an open-source alternative to remote desktop software such as TeamViewer or AnyDesk. As a result, RustDesk can function without relying on additional tools such as VPNs or port forwarding, even behind firewalls or NATs.

Flatpak
Flatpak is a utility for software deployment and package management for Linux. It provides a sandbox environment in which users can run application software in (partial) isolation from the rest of the system. Flatpak was known as xdg-app until 2016.
Roberts Mound
The Roberts Mound is a Native American mound in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Ohio, United States.  Located northwest of Auburn in Butler County, the mound sits in Section 36 of Reily Township; it is the only mound in the far southeastern part of the township.

Built in the shape of a cone, the Roberts Mound is believed to have been built during the Woodland period.  Many similar mounds and other types of earthworks are located in the vicinity of the Roberts Mound, but unlike most of them, it has never been excavated.  While the lack of artifacts prevents the culture of the builders from being known with certainty, the lack of disturbance has caused it to be ranked among the most well-preserved mounds in the region.

In recognition of its archaeological value, the Roberts Mound was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.  Five other archaeological sites in Butler County were placed on the National Register in the same year.

Earthworks (archaeology)
In archaeology, earthworks are artificial changes in land level, typically made from piles of artificially placed or sculpted rocks and soil. Earthworks can themselves be archaeological features, or they can show features beneath the surface.
Abderrahmene Bensaci Stadium
Abderrahmene Bensaci Stadium (Arabic: ملعب عبد الرحمان بن ساسي), is a multi-use stadium in Merouana, Algeria.  It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of AB Mérouana.  The stadium holds 10,000 spectators.

Merouana
Merouana (Tamazight:  Tamerwant) is a city in Batna Province, Algeria. It is situated around 40 km from Batna City, and is inhabited by the Chaoui Berbers. Merouana is one of the oldest local daïras (districts). It is the capital of the Belzma Plain and Belzma National Park.