hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
MIT Department of Physics
The MIT Department of Physics has over 120 faculty members, is often cited as the largest physics department in the United States, and hosts top-ranked programs. It offers the SB, SM, PhD, and ScD degrees. Fourteen alumni of the department and nine current or former faculty members (two of whom were also students at MIT) have won the Nobel Prize in Physics.The Department of Physics was born when MIT founder William Barton Rogers proposed in 1865 to bring their Mens et Manus philosophy to life by creating a new laboratory of physics and mechanics in another department’s back room.

Rainer Weiss
Rainer Weiss (/waɪs/ WYSSE, German: [vaɪs]; September 29, 1932 – August 25, 2025) was a German-American physicist, known for his contributions in gravitational physics and astrophysics. He was a professor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and an adjunct professor at Louisiana State University. He is best known for inventing the laser interferometric technique which is the basic operation of LIGO. He was Chair of the COBE Science Working Group.

In 2017, Weiss was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, along with Kip Thorne and Barry Barish, "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves".

Weiss helped realize a number of challenging experimental tests of fundamental physics. He was a member of the Fermilab Holometer experiment, which uses a 40m laser interferometer to measure properties of space and time at quantum scale and provide Planck-precision tests of quantum holographic fluctuation.
Denis Ménochet
Denis Ménochet (born 18 September 1976) is a French actor. Ménochet is best known to international audiences for his role as Perrier LaPadite, a French dairy farmer interrogated by the Nazis for harboring Jews in the 2009 Quentin Tarantino film Inglourious Basterds. In 2023, he won the Goya Award for Best Actor for The Beasts. His performances in Custody, By the Grace of God and Peter von Kant, each saw him receive nominations for the César Award for Best Actor.

Goya Award for Best Actor
The Goya Award for Best Actor (Spanish: Premio Goya a la mejor interpretación masculina protagonista) is one of the Goya Awards, Spain's principal national film awards. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered an outstanding leading performance in a film.
Atolla chuni
Atolla chuni is a species of crown jellyfish within the family Atollidae. The species is found distributed in the Southern Ocean and some parts of the southern Pacific and Atlantic Ocean in pelagic environments at depths of up to 5198 meters. Individuals have been found with partially digesting remains of large Calanoida copepods, chaetognaths, Hyperiidea amphipods, and krill attached to the gastric cirri. It grows to a length of 7 centimeters.

Calanoida
Calanoida is an order of copepods, a group of arthropods commonly found as zooplankton. The order includes around 46 families with about 1800 species of both marine and freshwater copepods between them.
Viktoriya Mitina
Viktoria Alexandrovna Mitina (Russian: Виктория Александровна Митина, born 1949 in Kiev) is a Russian politician.

A former Komsomol activist and engineer at Zelenograd Institute of Molecular Electronics, she went into politics in 1989, joining Boris Yeltsin's support team for the  Congress of People's Deputies election. From 1991 to 1997, she was first deputy prefect of Zelenograd Administrative Okrug for science, industry and entrepreneurship development.

In 1998, 1991 and 1996 she was a representative of Boris Yeltsin during the parliamentary and presidential elections.

In November 1997 – May 1998 she was a Deputy Chief of the Presidential Staff for regions, succeeded in 1998 by Vladimir Putin, in November 1998 – January 1999 she was President Yeltsin's adviser.

She has the federal state civilian service rank of 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation.

Now she is a Deputy Head of Moscow Oblast.

She is a friend of Tatyana Dyachenko, Yeltsin's daughter.

Tatyana Yumasheva
Tatyana Borisovna Yumasheva (Russian: Татьяна Борисовна Юмашева; formerly Dyachenko (Дьяченко); née Yeltsina (Ельцина); born 17 January 1960) is the younger daughter of former Russian president Boris Yeltsin and Naina Yeltsina. Since a rush decision in November 2009 supported by auto magnate Frank Stronach, Yumasheva and her children have been citizens of Austria.
Arcadia Machine & Tool
Arcadia Machine & Tool, commonly abbreviated to AMT, was a firearms manufacturer from Irwindale, California.  The company produced several weapons, primarily clones of existing firearms, but made from stainless steel rather than the standard steel used for most firearms of the time.

AMT was described by the US Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) as one of the "Ring of Fire companies", which were known for large-scale manufacture of Saturday night specials. The company filed for bankruptcy after their products were affected by quality and reliability problems, and the assets and trademark were acquired by Irwindale Arms Incorporated (IAI). Later, in 1998, Galena Industries of Sturgis, South Dakota, purchased the company and produced firearms in the style of AMT's until 2001 when Crusader Gun Company (later High Standard Manufacturing Company) of Houston, Texas purchased it.

Saturday night special
Saturday night special is a colloquial term in the United States and Canada for inexpensive, compact, small-caliber handguns made of poor quality metal. Sometimes known as junk guns, some states define these guns by means of composition or material strength. In the late 19th century and early 20th century, they were commonly referred to as suicide specials.
Heinsius
Heinsius is a surname of Dutch and German origin. Notable people with that surname include:

Anthonie Heinsius (1641–1720), Dutch statesman

Daniel Heinsius (1580–1655), Dutch scholar and poet

Gottfried Heinsius (1709–1769), German mathematician, geographer and astronomer

Johann Julius Heinsius (1740–1812), German oil painter and miniaturist

Johann Samuel Heinsius (1686–1750), German bookseller and publisher

Nicolaas Heinsius the Elder (1620–1681), Dutch scholar and poet, son of Daniel Heinsius

Nicolaas Heinsius the Younger (1655–1718), Dutch physician and writer, son of Nicolaas the Elder

Nicolaas Heinsius the Elder
Nicolaas Heinsius the Elder (Latin: Nicolaus Heinsius; 20 July 1620 – 7 October 1681) was a Dutch classical scholar, poet and diplomat.  He travelled all over Europe to visit the major libraries and over time collected Europe's largest private library in the field of classical literature. He is regarded as a brilliant text critic in his critical publications of Claudian, Ovid (his most important work), Vergil, Prudentius, Velleius and Valerius Flaccus.
David Regullano
David Regullano is a former Filipino basketball player. He played for San Miguel in the Manila Industrial and Commercial Athletic Association. Regullano also appeared at the 1973 ABC Championship and 1974 FIBA World Championship as a member of the country's national basketball team.  In the Philippine Basketball Association, he again suited up for his San Miguel team, then carrying the name Royal Tru-Orange, and later, with the U/tex Wranglers, where he won a championship in 1980 after beating the fabled Toyota Tamaraws in the Open Conference championship.

Regullano was well known among basketball fans for wearing old-school black high-top Chuck Taylors during games instead of the leather basketball sneakers that became popular in the 1970s and 1980s.

1974 FIBA World Championship
The 1974 FIBA World Championship was the 7th FIBA World Championship, the international basketball world championship for men's national teams. It was hosted by Puerto Rico from July 3 to 14, 1974. The tournament was won by the Soviet Union.
Split Second (TV series)
Split Second is a 2004 Hong Kong crime thriller television drama produced by TVB and Thailand's TV3, with Marco Law serving as the executive producer. It ran from October 4, 2004 to November 12, 2004, with the total of 30 episodes.

This show uses a format similar to the American series 24. Each one-hour episode represents one day in the show's timeline, and an on-screen digital clock appears in the show regularly to remind viewers the time in the storyline.

Kevin Cheng
Kevin Cheng (Chinese: 鄭嘉穎, born 15 August 1969) is a Hong Kong American actor and singer. Cheng rose to fame for his first lead role in the TVB drama Hard Fate (2004). His other notable works include Ghetto Justice (2011) and Scarlet Heart (2011).
Sarah A. Lundy
Sarah A. Lundy (born August 26, 1954) is an American Thoroughbred horse trainer. In 1984 she became the first female trainer to ever saddle a horse in the Belmont Stakes, third leg of the U.S. Triple Crown series.

From 690 career starts, Sarah Lundy won 85 races. Among her successes, in 1990/91 she won back-to-back runnings of the Ashley T. Cole Handicap at Aqueduct Racetrack in the New York City area where she also won the 1991 Kingston Handicap at Belmont Park. Training during the winter in Florida, she won  the Sam F. Davis Stakes and the Tampa Bay Derby at Tampa Bay Downs in 1993.

Tampa Bay Derby
The Tampa Bay Derby is a Grade III American Thoroughbred horse race for three years old horses over the distance of 1+1⁄16 miles on the dirt scheduled annually in March at Tampa Bay Downs racetrack in Oldsmar, Florida. The event currently carries a purse of $400,000.
Boogie Nights (song)
"Boogie Nights" is a 1977 single by international funk-disco group Heatwave. It was written by keyboardist Rod Temperton and was included on Heatwave's debut album, Too Hot to Handle. Harpist Carla Skanger (a pseudonym of Sheila Bromberg of the London Symphony Orchestra) played harp and American actor and singer Clarke Peters performed backing vocals on the recording.

Too Hot to Handle (Heatwave album)
Too Hot to Handle is the debut album by funk-disco band Heatwave, released on 15 June 1976 on the GTO label in the UK and on 30 May 1977 on the Epic label in the US. It was produced by Barry Blue.

The song "Turn Out the Lamplight," written by Temperton, appeared on George Benson's album Give Me the Night, which was produced by Quincy Jones.

The album was remastered and reissued with bonus tracks in 2015 by Big Break Records.
Staten Island Ninja
The Staten Island Ninja, also known as the ninja burglar or  ninja bandit, is a burglar who broke into homes in the Staten Island borough of New York City and stole from them while dressed as a ninja.  He may have hit about nineteen homes since June 2007. He has been described by investigators as a white male, dressed in black and what appears to be a ski mask. He is reported to be between 5 feet 8 inches and 6 feet tall, and weighs roughly 180 pounds. He primarily works at night on Wednesdays, although he has hit during the day and on every other day of the week as well. His target is mainly wealthier homes on Staten Island, particularly in the more affluent neighborhood of Todt Hill.

Burglary
Burglary, also called breaking and entering (B&E) or housebreaking, is a property crime involving the illegal entry into a building or other area without permission, typically with the intention of committing a further criminal offence. Usually that offence is theft, larceny, robbery, or murder, but most jurisdictions include others within the ambit of burglary. To commit burglary is to burgle, a term back-formed from the word burglar, or to burglarize.
2016 Porsche Carrera Cup Great Britain
The 2016 Porsche Carrera Cup Great Britain was a multi-event, one-make motor racing championship held across England and Scotland. The championship featured a mix of professional motor racing teams and privately funded drivers, competing in Porsche 911 GT3 cars that conformed to the technical regulations for the championship. It formed part of the extensive program of support categories built up around the BTCC centrepiece. The 2016 season was the fourteenth Porsche Carrera Cup Great Britain season, commencing on 3 April at Brands Hatch – on the circuit's Indy configuration – and finished on 2 October at the same venue, utilising the Grand Prix circuit, after sixteen races at eight meetings. Fourteen of the races were held in support of the 2016 British Touring Car Championship season, with a round in support of the 2016 FIA World Endurance Championship season.

2016 FIA World Endurance Championship
The 2016 FIA World Endurance Championship season was the fifth edition of the FIA World Endurance Championship auto racing series co-organised by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) and the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO). The series was open to Le Mans Prototypes and grand tourer-style racing cars meeting four ACO categories. The season began at the Silverstone Circuit in April and ended at the Bahrain International Circuit in November, and included the 84th running of the 24 Hours of Le Mans. This season was also the last WEC season for Audi Sport Team Joest as they decided not to race in the 2017 FIA World Endurance Championship Season.
Carmarthen Quins RFC
Carmarthen Quins Rugby Football Club (Welsh: Clwb Rygbi Cwins Caerfyrddin) are one of two Welsh rugby union clubs based in Carmarthen in West Wales, the other being Carmarthen Athletic.

They currently play in the Super Rygbi Cymru and are a feeder club for the Scarlets regional team.

West Wales
West Wales (Welsh: Gorllewin Cymru) is a region of Wales.

It has various definitions, either covering Pembrokeshire, Ceredigion and Carmarthenshire, which historically comprised the Welsh principality of Deheubarth, and an alternative definition is to include Swansea and Neath Port Talbot, but exclude Ceredigion. The West Wales and the Valleys NUTS area also includes more westerly parts of North Wales as well as the South Wales Valleys.

The preserved county of Dyfed covers what is generally considered to be West Wales; between 1974 and 1996, Dyfed was a county, with a county council and six district councils.
Cimmeria (continent)
Cimmeria (/sɪˈmɪəriə/ sih-MEER-ee-ə) was an ancient continent, or, rather, a string of microcontinents or terranes, that rifted from Gondwana in the Southern Hemisphere and was accreted to Eurasia in the Northern Hemisphere. It consisted of parts of present-day Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Tibet, China, Myanmar, Thailand, and Malaysia.  Cimmeria rifted from the Gondwanan shores of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean during the Early Permian and as the Neo-Tethys Ocean opened behind it, during the Permian, the Paleo-Tethys closed in front of it. Because the different chunks of Cimmeria drifted northward at different rates, a Meso-Tethys Ocean formed between the different fragments during the Cisuralian. Cimmeria rifted off Gondwana from east to west, from Australia to the eastern Mediterranean.
It stretched across several latitudes and spanned a wide range of climatic zones.

Continental fragment
Continental crustal fragments, partly synonymous with microcontinents, are pieces of continents that have broken off from main continental masses to form distinct islands that are often several hundred kilometers from their place of origin.
Lake Urana
Lake Urana is an ephemeral, normally endorheic lake located in the Riverina region of New South Wales in eastern Australia. The lake often holds surface water in late winter and early spring, which mostly disappears via evaporation, however after sufficiently extreme rainfall events, the lake flows out through Cocketgedong Creek to Colombo Creek, and then into the Billabong Creek.

The lake lies in a depression between the large fans of the Murrumbidgee and Murray Rivers at the eastern margin of the Murray Basin, about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) west of Urana, 40 kilometres (25 mi) east of Jerilderie, and 485 kilometres (301 mi) southwest of Sydney.

The lake has a long history of use by Aboriginal people, with skeletal remains found near the edge of the lake dating from 27-32,000 years ago, and shell middens and artifact scatters found along the lake shore.

Jerilderie
Jerilderie (/dʒəˈrɪldəri/; wiradjuri: Dyiriildhuray) is a small, rural town in the central Riverina region of south-western New South Wales, Australia. It is part of the Murrumbidgee Council Local Government Area. At the 2021 census, Jerilderie had a population of 922 people.

It can be found along the Newell Highway 674 kilometres (419 mi) west-southwest of Sydney and 45 kilometres (28 mi) north of the Victorian state border.

The town was raided by Ned Kelly and his gang between 6 February and 10 February 1879, in which the then Bank of Jerilderie was robbed, residents taken hostage, and police locked in the local prison.
SMBRelay
SMBRelay and SMBRelay2 are computer programs that can be used to carry out SMB man-in-the-middle (mitm) attacks on Windows machines.  They were written by Sir Dystic of Cult of the Dead Cow (cDc) and released March 21, 2001 at the @lantacon convention in Atlanta, Georgia.  More than seven years after its release, Microsoft released a patch that fixed the hole exploited by SMBRelay. This fix only fixes the vulnerability when the SMB is reflected back to the client. If it is forwarded to another host, the vulnerability can be still exploited.

Cult of the Dead Cow
Cult of the Dead Cow, also known as cDc or cDc Communications, is a computer hacker and DIY media organization founded in 1984 in Lubbock, Texas. The group maintains a weblog on its site, also titled "[Cult of the Dead Cow]". New media are released first through the blog, which also features thoughts and opinions of the group's members.
Yuriy Makarov
Yuriy Volodymyrovych Makarov (Ukrainian: Ю́рій Володи́мирович Мака́ров; born April 24, 1955) is a Ukrainian journalist, TV presenter, documentarian, writer of Russian origin. Until 2009, he was the editor-in-chief of the magazine "The Ukrainian Week"; in 2017–2020, Makarov was a member of the board of Suspilne TV, since 2020, its editor-in-chief. Since 2019, he also has been the Chairman of the Taras Shevchenko National Award Committee of Ukraine. Honored Journalist of Ukraine. Member of PEN Ukraine.

PEN Ukraine
PEN Ukraine is a Ukrainian non-governmental organization established to protect freedom of speech and authors' rights, promote literature and international cultural cooperation. It is part of the network of national centers of the International PEN.

The Ukrainian Center for International PEN was founded in the fall of 1989, within the Writers' Union of Ukraine. Mykola Vingranovsky, a Ukrainian poet, was elected the organization's first president.

The main governing body is the General Assembly, which elects an eight-member executive board, headed by a president and two vice presidents.

The abbreviation PEN stands for "poets, playwrights, essayists and novelists", but today PEN Ukraine accept members from outside of literary circles, and the organisation currently has 140 members.
Mycetophila luctuosa
Mycetophila luctuosa is a Palearctic species of  'fungus gnats' in the family Mycetophilidae. Mycetophila luctuosa  is found in forest or wooded areas where the larvae develop in Neolentinus lepideus, Kretzschmaria deusta, Chondrostereum purpureum, Sebacina incrustans, Neolentinus tigrinus, Pleurotus spp., Trametes versicolor and a wide range of epigeic fungi, mostly Russulaceae.

Habitat.Germany

Sebacina
Sebacina is a genus of fungi in the family Sebacinaceae. Its species are mycorrhizal, forming a range of associations with trees and other plants. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are produced on soil and litter, sometimes partly encrusting stems of living plants. The fruit bodies are cartilaginous to rubbery-gelatinous and variously effused (corticioid) to coral-shaped (clavarioid). The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution.
JNR Class C59
The Class C59 is a type of 4-6-2 steam locomotive designed by Hideo Shima and built by Japanese National Railways. The C classification indicates three sets of driving wheels. The C59 could haul 17 passenger cars. World War II limited their use as express trains, a function for which they were designed. C59s were transferred to Kyushu after electrification of the trunk lines after the war. 47 were rebuilt into Class C60 Hudsons between 1953 and 1961 at the railway's Hamamatsu works and Koriyama works. In 1970, the locomotives were retired. Only three are preserved. C59 1 is preserved at the Kyushu Railway History Museum on display. C59 164 is preserved at the Kyoto Railway Museum. C59 161 is preserved at the Hiroshima Children’s Museum.

Hideo Shima
Hideo Shima (島 秀雄, Shima Hideo, 20 May 1901 – 18 March 1998) was a Japanese engineer and the driving force behind the building of the first bullet train (Shinkansen).

Shima was born in Osaka in 1901, and educated at the Tokyo Imperial University, where he studied Mechanical Engineering. His father was part of a group of officials that had built up Japan's emerging railroad industry.
University of Provence
The University of Provence Aix-Marseille I (French: Université de Provence; Occitan: Universitat de Provença) was a public research university mostly located in Aix-en-Provence and Marseille. It was one of the three Universities of Aix-Marseille and was part of the Academy of Aix and Marseille. On 1 January 2012, it merged with the University of the Mediterranean and Paul Cézanne University to become Aix-Marseille University, the youngest, but also the largest in terms of students, budgets and staff in the French-speaking world.

Lists of public universities and higher education institutes in France
The French Ministry of Higher Education and Research lists 160 public higher education establishments. It divides these into four categories:

65 universities

60 écoles

25 grands établissements

10 other establishments

These are summarized in the following template and further detailed in the lists that follow.
VAT1
Synaptic vesicle membrane protein VAT-1 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VAT1 gene.

Synaptic vesicles are responsible for regulating the storage and release of neurotransmitters in the nerve terminal. The protein encoded by this gene is an abundant integral membrane protein of cholinergic synaptic vesicles and is thought to be involved in vesicular transport. It belongs to the quinone oxidoreductase subfamily of zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase proteins.

In melanocytic cells VAT1 gene expression may be regulated by MITF.

Melanocyte
Melanocytes are melanin-producing neural crest-derived cells located in the bottom layer (the stratum basale) of the skin's epidermis, the middle layer of the eye (the uvea), the inner ear, vaginal epithelium, meninges, bones, and heart found in many mammals and birds. Melanin is a dark pigment primarily responsible for skin color. Once synthesized, melanin is contained in special organelles called melanosomes which can be transported to nearby keratinocytes to induce pigmentation. Thus darker skin tones have more melanosomes present than lighter skin tones. Functionally, melanin serves as protection against UV radiation. Melanocytes also have a role in the immune system.
Five percent hurdle
The five percent hurdle (German: Fünf Prozent Hürde), also called the five percent clause, is the best known and most widely used electoral threshold for elections in Germany. Similar regulations exist in other countries with proportional representation.

Die PARTEI
Die Partei für Arbeit, Rechtsstaat, Tierschutz, Elitenförderung und basisdemokratische Initiative ("The Party for Labour, Rule of Law, Animal Protection, Promotion of Elites and Grassroots Democratic Initiative"), or Die PARTEI ("The PARTY"), is a German political party. It was founded in 2004 by the editors of the German satirical magazine Titanic. It is led by Martin Sonneborn. In the 2014 European Parliament election, the party won a seat, marking the first time that a satirical party has won a seat to the European Parliament. With the 2019 European Parliament election, the party gained a second seat, held by Nico Semsrott. The party kept these two seats at the 2024 European Parliament election.