hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Product fit analysis
A Product fit analysis (PFA) is a form of requirements analysis of the gap between an IT product's functionality and required functions.  It is a document which consists of all the business requirements which are mapped to the product or application.

Requirements are specifically mentioned and the application is designed accordingly.

A PFA document is designed covering all the functionality required by the business and how it is addressed in the application.
It covers all the data inputs, data processing and data outputs.

Data processing
Data processing is the collection and manipulation of digital data to produce meaningful information. Data processing is a form of information processing, which is the modification (processing) of information in any manner detectable by an observer.
Rusi Taleyarkhan
Rusi P. Taleyarkhan is a nuclear engineer and has been a faculty member in the Department of Nuclear Engineering at Purdue University since 2003. Prior to that, he was on staff at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. He obtained his Bachelor of Technology degree in mechanical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras in 1977 and MS and PhD (Nuclear Engineering and Science) degrees from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) in 1978 and 1982 respectively. He also holds an MBA (Business Administration) from RPI.

In 2008, he was judged guilty of research misconduct for "falsification of the research record" by a Purdue review board.

IIT Madras
The Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras or IITM) is a public institute of technology located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Along with being recognized as an Institute of Eminence, IIT Madras is widely regarded as one of India’s most prestigious higher education institutions, consistently ranking first nationally in engineering and overall categories by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) for many years.

As an Indian Institute of Technology, IIT Madras is also recognized as an Institute of National Importance by the Government of India. Founded in 1959 with technical, academic and financial assistance from the government of West Germany, IITM was the third Indian Institute of Technology to be established.
Operation Wooden Leg
Operation Wooden Leg (Hebrew: מבצע רגל עץ, Mivtza Regel Etz) was an Israeli airstrike on the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) headquarters in Hammam Chott, near Tunis, Tunisia, on 1 October 1985. With a target 1,280 miles (2,060 km) from the operation's starting point, this was the most distant publicly known action undertaken by the Israel Defense Forces since the Entebbe raid in 1976. The airstrike killed between 41 and 71 people and injured between 65 and 100. According to some sources, between 60 and 70 Palestinians and 25 Tunisians were killed. On 4 October, the airstrike was condemned by the United Nations Security Council.

Israeli Navy
The Israeli Navy (Hebrew: חיל הים הישראלי‎, Ḥeil HaYam HaYisraeli, lit. '[The] Israeli Sea Corps'; Arabic: البحرية الإسرائيلية) is the naval warfare service arm of the Israel Defense Forces, operating primarily in the Mediterranean Sea theater as well as the Gulf of Eilat and the Red Sea theater. The current commander of the Israeli Navy is Rear Admiral David Saar Salama. The Israeli Navy is believed to be responsible for maintaining Israel's offshore nuclear second strike capability.
North Hyde Park, Vermont
North Hyde Park is an unincorporated village and census-designated place (CDP) in the towns of Hyde Park and Johnson, Lamoille County, Vermont, United States. The CDP was first drawn for the 2020 census. North Hyde Park has a post office with ZIP code 05665, which opened on May 29, 1839.

Vermont Route 100
Vermont Route 100 (VT 100) is a north–south state highway in Vermont in the United States. Running through the center of the state, it travels nearly the entire length of Vermont and is 216.666 miles (349 km) long. VT 100 is the state's longest numbered highway of any type.
John Derrick (cricketer)
John Derrick (15 January 1963 – 22 March 2017)  was a Welsh cricketer, who played for Glamorgan County Cricket Club. He also spent some time in New Zealand with Northern Districts.

Derrick was born in Cwmaman, and began his playing career with Aberdare Cricket Club. Following his retirement from playing, he became coach of Glamorgan, initially as an assistant to Duncan Fletcher and led them to National League victory in 2002 and 2004 as well as overseeing their promotion to Division One of the County Championship. He left his position as coach in 2007 and in 2007 became national performance director of the Cricket Board of Wales.

He suffered a stroke in 2016 and was found to be suffering from a brain tumour.  He died on 22 March 2017 at the age of 54.

Duncan Fletcher
Duncan Andrew Gwynne Fletcher OBE (born 27 September 1948) is a Zimbabwean cricket coach and former cricketer, who has coached the England and Indian national teams. He led the Indian team to be the winners of the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy, where the team was undefeated during the tournament.

He was England coach between 1999 and 2007, and is credited with the resurgence of the England team in Test cricket in the early 2000s.
Makapansgat
Makapansgat (/mʌkʌˈpʌnsxʌt/) (or Makapan Valley World Heritage Site) is an archaeological location within the Makapansgat and Zwartkrans Valleys, northeast of Mokopane in Limpopo province, South Africa. It is an important palaeontological site, with the local limeworks containing Australopithecus-bearing deposits dating to between 3.0 and 2.6 million years BP. The whole Makapan Valley has been declared a South African Heritage Site. Makapansgat belongs to the Cradle of Humankind.

La Trobe University
La Trobe University is a public research university based in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Its main campus is located in the suburb of Bundoora. The university was established in 1964, becoming the third university in the state of Victoria and the twelfth university in Australia. La Trobe is one of the Australian verdant universities and also part of the Innovative Research Universities group.

La Trobe's original and principal campus is located in the Melbourne metropolitan area, within the northern Melbourne suburb of Bundoora. It is the largest metropolitan campus in the country, occupying over 267 hectares (660 acres). It has two other major campuses located in the regional Victorian city of Bendigo and the twin border cities of Albury-Wodonga. There are two smaller regional campuses in Mildura and Shepparton and a city campus in Melbourne's CBD on Collins Street and in Sydney on Elizabeth Street.

La Trobe offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses across its ten schools.
Papuamyr
Papuamyr is a small genus of Melanesian jumping spiders native to Papua New Guinea. The genus was erected by Wayne Maddison and T. Szűts in 2019, and was placed into the tribe Myrmarachnini, within the Salticoida clade of Salticinae. As of April 2022 it contains only two species: P. omhifosga and P. pandora.

Wayne Maddison
Wayne Paul Maddison FRSC (born 1958) is a Canadian evolutionary biologist, arachnologist, and biological illustrator. He is Canada Research Chair in Biodiversity and a professor at the departments of zoology and botany at the University of British Columbia, and the Director of the Spencer Entomological Collection at the Beaty Biodiversity Museum.
Charles Limb
Dr. Charles Limb is a surgeon, neuroscientist, and musician at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) who has carried out research on the neural basis of musical creativity and the impact of cochlear implants on music perception in hearing impaired individuals. As an otologic surgeon and otolaryngologist, he specializes in treatment of ear disorders.

In his research, he has focused on imaging the brains of jazz artists as they improvise in the fMRI. He has worked under the assumption that improvisation is important to creativity more generally, and creativity is vital to basic problem-solving, evolution, and survival.

Improvisation
Improvisation or improvization (often shortened to improv) is the activity of making or doing something not planned beforehand, using whatever can be found. The origin of the word itself is in the Latin "improvisus", which literally means un-foreseen. Improvisation in the performing arts is a very spontaneous performance without specific or scripted preparation. The skills of improvisation can apply to many different faculties across all artistic, scientific, physical, cognitive, academic, and non-academic disciplines; see Applied improvisation.
Pristimantis penelopus
Pristimantis penelopus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae.
It is endemic to Colombia.
Its natural habitats are tropical moist montane forests and rivers.
It is threatened by habitat loss. Habitat loss includes cutting down trees and wildfires.

The frog's range includes at least one protected park, including the Ranita Dorada Amphibian Reserve.

Strabomantidae
The Strabomantidae, sometimes called cloud forest landfrogs, are a family of frogs native to South America. These frogs lack a free-living larval stage and hatch directly into miniature "froglets". This family includes Pristimantis, the most speciose genus of any vertebrate. Based on molecular dating, the Holoadeninae in particular appears to have originated in the Eocene. The Oligocene-Miocene transition was also found to be important to their biogeographical history. However, the lack of Holoadeninae fossils and limited nucleotide data ambiguates the results, by the authors' admission.
Camponotus lateralis
Camponotus lateralis is a species of ant in the genus Camponotus. The species has a wide range and is found in the countries around the Mediterranean, Crimea, Caucasus, northwestern Africa, Asia Minor and Kopet Dag (a mountain range between Turkmenistan and Iran).

Kopet Dag
The Köpet Dag (Turkmen: Köpetdag [ˌkœpɛtˈdɑːʁ]; Persian: کپه‌داغ), also known as the Turkmen–Khorasan Mountain Range, is a mountain range on the border between Turkmenistan and Iran that extends about 650 kilometres (400 mi) along the border southeast of the Caspian Sea, stretching northwest-southeast from near the Caspian Sea in the northwest to the Hari River in the southeast. In the southwest it borders on the parallel eastern endings of the Alborz mountains being together part of the much larger Alpide belt. The highest peak of the range in Turkmenistan is the Mount Rizeh (Kuh-e Rizeh), located at the southwest of the capital Ashgabat and stands at 2,940 metres (9,646 ft). The highest Iranian summit is Mount Quchan (Kuh-e Quchan) at 3,191 metres (10,469 ft).
Lubov Bakirova
Lubov Raifovna Bakirova (Russian: Любовь Раифовна Бакирова; born 11 January 1993) is a former Russian competitive pair skater. In 2009, she teamed up with Mikalai Kamianchuk to represent Belarus. Appearing at six ISU Championships, they achieved their best result, 10th, at the 2011 Europeans in Bern and the 2012 Europeans in Sheffield. They competed together until the end of the 2011−12 season.

2011 European Figure Skating Championships
The 2011 European Figure Skating Championships was an international figure skating competition in the 2010–11 season. Skaters competed in the categories of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.

The 2011 competition was held from 24 to 30 January 2011 at the PostFinance Arena in Bern, Switzerland.
2022 in Tamil television
The following is a list of events affecting Tamil language television in 2022 (from India, Sri Lanka, Singapore and the Tamil diaspora). Events listed include television show debuts and finales; channel launches and closures; stations changing or adding their network affiliations; and information about changes of ownership of channels or stations.

Tamil diaspora
The Tamil diaspora refers to descendants of the Tamil speaking immigrants who emigrated from their native lands in the southern Indian subcontinent (Tamil Nadu, Puducherry and Sri Lanka) to other parts of the world. They are found primarily in Malaysia, Arab states of the Persian Gulf, South Africa, North America, Western Europe, and Singapore. It can be divided into two main diasporic clusters, due to geographical, historical and cultural reasons, as Indian Tamil diaspora and Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora.

Four groups make up the bulk of the Tamil diaspora: colonial-era descendants of migrants to Southeast Asia, South Africa, East Africa, the Caribbean, and Fiji; recent, educated Tamil immigrants primarily to the U.S., Australia, and the U.K.; Sri Lankan Tamil refugees who resettled primarily in Canada, Western and Northern Europe, and Oceania between the 1980s and 2010s; and recent Tamil migration to the Gulf states of the Middle East as labor.
Rate (company)
Guaranteed Rate Companies, doing business as Rate, is an American residential mortgage company headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. Founded in 2000 by Victor Ciardelli, the company had $55 billion in funded volume in 2022, down 25% since 2020. As of 2021, the company had more than 10,000 employees and more than 850 offices nationwide with locations in 50 states. By 2024, the company had shrunk to fewer than 5,500 employees.

Ryan Newman (racing driver)
Ryan Joseph Newman (born December 8, 1977), nicknamed "Rocket Man", is an American professional stock car racing driver that competed in the NASCAR Cup Series from 2000 to 2023. He claimed 18 official wins including the 2008 Daytona 500 and 2013 Brickyard 400, as well as 117 top-fives, 51 pole positions, and a non-points win at the 2002 Winston. Newman was runner-up in 2014, and ranked sixth in 2002, 2003, and 2005. Newman currently competes in the SMART Modified Tour for Coulter Motorsports.
Bernstein/Beethoven
Bernstein/Beethoven is a 11-part miniseries featuring Leonard Bernstein, broadcast in 1982/1983 on PBS and A&E. As with most post-1969 Bernstein programs, it was directed by Humphrey Burton, who was, according to Schuyler Chapin, Bernstein's director of choice. It was nominated for an Emmy and won a CableACE Award. It was filmed largely on location in Vienna and Germany, and not only featured Bernstein but also actor Maximilian Schell, who not only provided commentary on Beethoven, but read from his letters.

The miniseries contains performances of all of Beethoven's symphonies as well as several overtures, a string quartet that Bernstein re-orchestrated for the entire string section of the Vienna Philharmonic, and the Missa Solemnis, all conducted by Bernstein. It also contains commentary by Bernstein about the music.

The entire miniseries has been issued by Deutsche Grammophon as a box set of 7 DVDs in 2008.

Schuyler Chapin
Schuyler Garrison Chapin (February 13, 1923 – March 7, 2009) was a General Manager of the Metropolitan Opera, and later Commissioner of Cultural Affairs for New York City during the administration of Mayor Rudy Giuliani. He also served as the dean of the Columbia University School of the Arts.
Business and occupation tax
The business and occupation tax (often abbreviated as B&O tax or B/O tax) is a type of tax levied by the U.S. states of Washington, West Virginia, and, as of 2010, Ohio, and by municipal governments in West Virginia and Kentucky.

It is a type of gross receipts tax because it is levied on gross income, rather than net income.  While deductions are not permitted for labor, materials, or other overhead expenses, the State of Washington does allow certain deductions, exemptions, and credits, by statute.

Gross income
For households and individuals, gross income is the sum of all wages, salaries, profits, interest payments, rents, and other forms of earnings, before any deductions or taxes. It is opposed to net income, defined as the gross income minus taxes and other deductions (e.g., mandatory pension contributions).

For a business, gross income (also gross profit, sales profit, or credit sales) is the difference between revenue and the cost of making a product or providing a service, before deducting overheads, payroll, taxation, and interest payments. This is different from operating profit (earnings before interest and taxes). Gross margin is often used interchangeably with gross profit, but the terms are different. When speaking about a monetary amount, it is technically correct to use the term "gross profit", but when referring to a percentage or ratio, it is correct to use "gross margin".
Michael A. Samuels
Michael Anthony Samuels (born 1939) is a non career appointee American Ambassador to Sierra Leone (1975-1979).

Taylor soon left government service only to return as Deputy US Trade Representative and Ambassador to the GATT from early 1986 to mid-1989.

Samuels graduated from Yale University in 1962 with an American Studies major.  Desiring to teach in Africa but not feeling qualified, he attended a new program at Columbia University’s Teachers College where he earned a Masters Degree and class room experience in the British educational system.  From there, he taught at a school in Northern Nigeria from 1962-1964. Samuels later earned his PhD from Columbia University in African History, writing his dissertation, which focused on Angola, entirely in Portuguese.

Teachers College, Columbia University
Teachers College, Columbia University (TC) is the graduate school of education affiliated with Columbia University, a private research university in New York City. Founded in 1887, Teachers College has been part of Columbia University since 1898.
Skvyra
Skvyra (Ukrainian: Сквира, IPA: [ˈskwɪrɐ] ⓘ) is a city in Bila Tserkva Raion, Kyiv Oblast (region) of central Ukraine. Skvyra has an area of 6,328 km2 (2,443 sq mi). It hosts the administration of Skvyra urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Its population is approximately 15,165 (2022 estimate).

Kyiv Oblast
Kyiv Oblast (Ukrainian: Київська область, romanized: Kyivska oblast, IPA: [ˈkɪjiu̯sʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also called Kyivshchyna (Київщинa, IPA: [ˈkɪjiu̯ʃtʃɪnɐ]), is an oblast (province) in central and northern Ukraine. It surrounds, but does not include, the city of Kyiv, which is administered as a city with special status. However, Kyiv also serves as the administrative center of the oblast. The Kyiv metropolitan area extends out from Kyiv city into parts of the oblast, which is significantly dependent on the urban economy and transportation of Kyiv.

The population of Kyiv Oblast is 1,795,079 (2022 estimate). Its largest city is Bila Tserkva, with a population over 200,000.

The Chernobyl Exclusion Zone is in the northern part of Kyiv Oblast. It is administered separately from the oblast and public access is prohibited.
Tower of Babel (Utah)
Tower of Babel is a 4,655-foot-elevation (1,419-meter) summit in Grand County, Utah. It is located within Arches National Park and like many of the rock formations in the park, it is composed of Entrada Sandstone. The tower is 500 feet tall, and topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 500 feet (152 meters) vertically above the main park road in approximately 200 feet (61 meters) laterally. Precipitation runoff from Tower of Babel drains to the nearby Colorado River via Courthouse Wash. This landform's descriptive toponym has been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names. This landform was shown briefly in the opening scene of the 1989 American action-adventure film Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade.

Entrada Sandstone
The Entrada Sandstone is a formation in the San Rafael Group  found in  the U.S. states of Wyoming, Colorado, northwest New Mexico, northeast Arizona, and southeast Utah. Part of the Colorado Plateau, this formation was deposited during the Jurassic Period sometime between 180 and 140 million years ago in various environments, including tidal mudflats, beaches, and sand dunes. The Middle Jurassic San Rafael Group was dominantly deposited as ergs (sand seas) in a desert environment around the shallow Sundance Sea.
The F Word (2013 film)
The F Word (released in some countries as What If) is a 2013 romantic comedy film directed by Michael Dowse from a screenplay by Elan Mastai, based on the play Toothpaste and Cigars by TJ Dawe and Michael Rinaldi, starring Daniel Radcliffe, Zoe Kazan, Megan Park, Adam Driver, Mackenzie Davis, and Rafe Spall. It focuses on two young people (Radcliffe and Kazan) who meet for the first time and, since she has a boyfriend, decide to be "friends."

An international co-production between Canada and Ireland, The F Word premiered at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival on September 7 and was released theatrically in Ireland on August 20, 2014, and in Canada on August 22. The film received several nominations at the 2nd Canadian Screen Awards, including Best Picture, and won Best Adapted Screenplay.

Megan Park
Megan Park (born July 24, 1986) is a Canadian director, writer, producer, and actress. In 2021, Park made her feature directorial debut with The Fallout, which won three awards at South by Southwest including the Grand Jury Prize and Audience Award in 2021. Additional awards given to Park for her work in The Fallout include: the Brightcove Illumination Award for a filmmaker on the rise and 'Best Director' at South by Southwest, Palm Springs International Film Festival's 'Director to Watch' Award, 'Emerging Directors' Award from the Cannes Film Festival, and TIFF's 'Rising Star' Award. The film was later released on HBO Max. Her second film as director, My Old Ass, premiered at the 2024 Sundance Film Festival and was released by Amazon MGM Studios.
Wojnowice, Łódź Voivodeship
Wojnowice [vɔi̯nɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gidle, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) east of Gidle, 15 km (9 mi) south of Radomsko, and 94 km (58 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Radomsko
Radomsko (pronounced [raˈdɔmskɔ] ⓘ) is a city in south-central Poland with 44,700 inhabitants (2021). It is situated on the Radomka river in the Łódź Voivodeship. It is the county seat of Radomsko County.

Founded in the 11th century, Radomsko is a former royal city located within the Sieradz Land, which prospered as a trade center due to its location at the intersection of important trade routes. In the 14th century, it was the site of congresses at which Princess Jadwiga of Poland was chosen as Queen of Poland as the country's first female monarch. Due to particularly strong partisan resistance against German occupiers during World War II, it was dubbed Banditenstadt ("City of Bandits") by the Germans.

It is located on the main railway line connecting Warsaw and Katowice, the country's two largest metropolitan areas, and on the main highway connecting Gdańsk and Łódź with Katowice, part of the European route E75.
Fox-Pitt Kelton Cochran Caronia Waller
Fox-Pitt Kelton Cochran Caronia Waller (formerly Fox-Pitt, Kelton or FPK) was an investment bank focused on mergers and acquisitions advisory services, private placements of debt and equity as well as equity research.  FPK specialised in transactions involving financial institutions and financial services companies.

The firm, which had eight offices globally in London, New York, Chicago, Hartford, San Francisco, Boston, Hong Kong and Tokyo had approximately 285 employees, including 60 research analysts and 60 employees in sales and trading.

It was acquired by Macquarie Group in November 2009.

Sales and trading
Sales and trading is one of the primary front-office divisions of major investment banks. The term is typically reserved for the trading activities done by sell-side investment banks who are primarily engaged in making markets for institutional clients in various forms of securities. The trading floor of these banks will contain dedicated desks who generally focus exclusively on trading one form of security. These desks will more generally fall within the categories of fixed income, currencies, commodities, or equities.

In market making, traders will buy and sell financial products primarily to facilitate the investment and trading activities of its clients with the goal of making an incremental amount of money on each trade.