hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Nibley Green
The Battle of Nibley Green was fought near North Nibley in Gloucestershire on 20 March 1470, between the troops of Thomas Talbot, 2nd Viscount Lisle and William Berkeley, 2nd Baron Berkeley. It is notable for being the last battle fought in England entirely between the private armies of feudal magnates.

Magnate
A magnate was a man from the higher nobility, a man who belonged to the high office-holders, or a man in a high social position, by birth, wealth or other qualities in Western Christian countries since the medieval period. It also includes the members of the higher clergy, such as bishops, archbishops and cardinals. In reference to the medieval, the term is often used to distinguish higher territorial landowners and warlords, such as counts, earls, dukes, and territorial-princes from the baronage. In Poland the szlachta (nobles) constituted one of the largest proportions of the population (around 10–12%) and 'magnat' refers to the richest nobles, or nobles of the nobility - even though they had equal voting rights in Poland's electoral monarchy.
3rd Indian Infantry Brigade
The 3rd Indian Infantry Brigade was an Infantry formation of the Indian Army during World War II.
It was formed at Jhelum in India in September 1939. In August 1943, it was renamed the Frontier Reserve Brigade

1st Punjab Regiment
The 1st Punjab Regiment was an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army from 1922 to 1947. Upon the Partition of India, it was transferred to the newly-raised Pakistan Army. It ceased to exist in this form in 1956, when it was amalgamated with the 14th, 15th and 16th Punjab regiments to form the Punjab Regiment, an existing infantry regiment of the Pakistan Army.
Synchlora aerata
Synchlora aerata, the wavy-lined emerald moth or camouflaged looper, is a species of moth of the family Geometridae. The species was described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1798. It is found in the United States and Canada.

The wingspan is about 17 mm.

The larvae are loopers (inchworms) like the rest in the family. They  feed on composite flowers, shrubs, and trees. Recorded food plants include Aster, Rudbeckia, Liatris, Solidago, Artemisia, Achillea and Rubus species. The species overwinters as a partially grown larva.

The caterpillars employ the unusual behavior of affixing bits of the plant tissue on which they are feeding to the several large spines on their back. This provides cover from gleaning birds that rely on keen eyesight. The camouflage can also block smaller animals from sensing them.

Liatris
Liatris (/laɪˈætrɪs/), commonly known as gayfeather and blazing star is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Eupatorieae within the family Asteraceae native to North America (Canada, United States, Mexico and the Bahamas).  Some species are used as ornamental plants, sometimes in flower bouquets. They are perennials, surviving the winter and resprouting from underground corms.

Liatris species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species such as moths of the genus  Schinia.
No. 26 Squadron RAF Regiment
No. 26 Squadron RAF Regiment was a squadron of the RAF Regiment between 1951 and 2008. It was reformed in 2010 as a specialist Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Squadron based at RAF Honington in Suffolk, but as of November 2024, it had been disbanded.

The squadron served at locations such as RAF Abu Sueir, RAF Habbaniya, RAF Amman, RAF Tymbou, RAF Nicosia, RAF Changi, RAF Bicester, RAF Gutersloh and RAF Laarbruch. It took part in Operation's Granby and Desert Storm in 1990-91 and it was also based at RAF Waddington operating the Rapier.

Ercan International Airport
Ercan International Airport (IATA: ECN, ICAO: LCEN) is the primary civilian airport of Northern Cyprus. It is located about 13 km (8.1 mi) east of Nicosia, near the village of Kırklar. The airport only serves flights to and from Turkey.
Bayliss, California
39°34′58″N 122°02′45″W﻿ / ﻿39.58278°N 122.04583°W﻿ / 39.58278; -122.04583

Bayliss is an unincorporated community in Glenn County, California. It is located 9 miles (14 km) east-northeast of Willows, at an elevation of 112 feet (34 m).

The ZIP Code, shared with Ordbend and Glenn, is 95943. The community is inside area code 530.

Emergency services are provided by the Bayliss Volunteer Fire Department.

Glenn County, California
Glenn County is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 28,917. The county seat is Willows. It is located in the Sacramento Valley, in the northern part of the California Central Valley. The reservation of the Grindstone Indian Rancheria of Wintun-Wailaki Indians is located in Glenn County.
Świebodzin railway station
Świebodzin railway station is a railway station serving the town of Świebodzin, in the Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland. The station is located on the Warsaw–Kunowice railway and the train services are operated by PKP and Przewozy Regionalne.

The station was also on the Sulechów–Świebodzin railway, which closed to passenger services in 1988 and freight services in 1990.

Polregio
Polregio (formerly Przewozy Regionalne) is a train operator in Poland, responsible for local and interregional passenger transportation. Each day it runs approximately 3,000 regional trains. In 2002 it carried 215 million passengers.

The company was founded in 2001 from the splitup of the PKP Passenger Transport Sector of the once-unitary Polskie Koleje Państwowe national rail operator into several companies to meet European Union requirements.
United States v. Arnold
United States v. Arnold, 533 F.3d 1003 (9th Cir. 2008), is a United States court case in which the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit held that the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution does not require government agents to have reasonable suspicion before searching laptops or other digital devices at the border, including international airports.

This decision has caused worry and some controversy among Fourth Amendment advocates, such as the Electronic Frontier Foundation. Especially troubled are those that legitimately store sensitive business, legal, or customer data; who worry that federal agents might leak information found from laptop searches. Several legislators have discussed and introduced measures to counter the ruling in order to provide more protection to travelers, but none have become law.

Electronic Frontier Foundation
The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is an American international non-profit digital rights group based in San Francisco, California. It was founded in 1990 to promote Internet civil liberties.

It provides funds for legal defense in court, presents amicus curiae briefs, defends individuals and new technologies from what it considers abusive legal threats, works to expose government malfeasance, provides guidance to the government and courts, organizes political action and mass mailings, supports some new technologies which it believes preserve personal freedoms and online civil liberties, maintains a database and web sites of related news and information, monitors and challenges potential legislation that it believes would infringe on personal liberties and fair use, and solicits a list of what it considers are abusive patents with intentions to defeat those that it considers are without merit.
Kopanaki
Kopanaki (Greek: Κοπανάκι) is a town in northwestern Messenia, Peloponnese, Greece. It was the seat of the former municipality of Aetos and now it belongs to the municipality of Trifylia. Agriculture, specifically olive farming, is the main economic activity in the village. The community Kopanaki also includes the small villages Agios Dimitrios and Rizochori. Being the geographical and economic center of upper Trifylia, Kopanaki is well known for "pazari" (bazaar) or "agora", that takes place in the central square every Sunday since 1900 and attracts further population. The messenian tradition of baking "gournopoula" (pork) and selling it on the edge of the street started from this location, initially only on Sundays, for the visitors from far away, so they could have a hearty meal and the power to do the return trip. Today in many places of the region lying on main road someone can find (no matter the day) grilled gournopoula.

Messenia
Messenia or Messinia (/məˈsiːniə/ mə-SEE-nee-ə; Greek: Μεσσηνία [mesiˈni.a]) is a regional unit (perifereiaki enotita) in the southwestern part of the Peloponnese region, in Greece. Until the implementation of the Kallikratis plan on 1 January 2011, Messenia was a prefecture (nomos) covering the same territory. The capital and largest city of Messenia is Kalamata.
Kanit Sarasin
Kanit Sarasin (born 25 December 1964), nicknamed Pe, is a Thai host and actor.

He is the youngest son of Pao and Thawika Sarasin. He graduated from Chulalongkorn University Demonstration School, Chiang Mai University and Boston University. He has 2 sons named Gorawit and Anapat.

After He graduated, he worked in Charoen Pokphand, Standard Chartered PLC. He is an actor and the host of the TV programs named Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? and Metrosexual

Standard Chartered
Standard Chartered PLC is a British multinational bank with operations in wealth management, corporate and investment banking, and treasury services. Despite being headquartered in the United Kingdom, it does not conduct retail banking in the UK, and around 90% of its profits come from Asia, Africa, and the Middle East.

Standard Chartered has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It has secondary listings on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, the National Stock Exchange of India, and OTC Markets Group Pink. Its largest shareholder is the Government of Singapore–owned Temasek Holdings. The Financial Stability Board considers it a systemically important bank.

Maria Ramos is the group chair of Standard Chartered. Bill Winters is the current group chief executive.
Pakistan women's national shooting team
The Pakistan women's national shooting team represents Pakistan in international shooting competitions. It is administered by the National Rifle Association of Pakistan (NRAP). Members of the team compete in both rifle and pistol events at competitions including the continental and regional games (Asian and South Asian Games). In 2016, Minhal Sohail became the first  woman sports shooter from Pakistan to compete at the Summer Olympic Games when she participated on a quota place at the Rio Games.

Minhal Sohail
Minhal Sohail (born 3 January 1995) is a Pakistani sport shooter. In 2016, she became the first female shooter to represent her country at the Olympics when she participated in the Rio Games. She competes in the 10 metre Air Rifle category.
Khanom mo kaeng
Khanom mo kaeng (Thai: ขนมหม้อแกง, pronounced [kʰānǒm mɔ̂ː kɛ̄ːŋ]) is a traditional Thai dessert. It is similar to an egg custard or a kind of flan. Khanom mo kaeng is made with coconut milk, eggs (either chicken or duck), palm sugar, white sugar, salt, shallots and a bit of oil.
There are different variations of khanom mo kaeng. The kind of starch that is used is usually taros, but sometimes are used hulled mung beans, lotus seeds, sweet potatoes, or other starches.

Shallot
The shallot /ʃəˈlɒt/ is a cultivar group of the onion. Until 2010, the (French red) shallot was classified as a separate species, Allium ascalonicum. The taxon was synonymized with Allium cepa (the common onion) in 2010, as the difference was too small to justify a separate species.

As part of the onion genus Allium, its close relatives include garlic, scallions, leeks, chives, and the Chinese onion.
1925 Saskatchewan general election
The 1925 Saskatchewan general election was held on June 2, 1925, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan.

The Liberal Party of Saskatchewan – under its new leader, Charles A. Dunning – won its sixth consecutive victory, and continued to dominate the legislature.

The Progressive Party of Saskatchewan increased its share of the vote from 7.5% to over 23%, but failed to add to its six member caucus.

The Conservative Party of James Anderson also increased its vote by over 14%, but only increased its representation in the legislature from two to three members.

The increase in the Progressive and Conservative vote came from voters who had supported independent candidates in the 1921 election.

Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan
The Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan (French: Assemblée législative de la Saskatchewan) is the legislative chamber of the Saskatchewan Legislature in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Saskatchewan, in the name of the King of Canada. The assembly meets at the Saskatchewan Legislative Building in Regina.

There are 61 constituencies in the province, which elect members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). All are single-member districts, though the cities of Regina, Saskatoon and Moose Jaw were in the past represented through multi-member districts, with members elected through block voting.

The legislature has been unicameral since its establishment; there has never been a provincial upper house.

The 30th Saskatchewan Legislature was elected at the 2024 Saskatchewan general election.
Robert Hay (bishop of Tasmania)
Christianity portal

Robert Snowdon Hay  (1867–1943) was the Anglican Bishop of Tasmania from 1919 until 1943.

He was educated at Bishop Barrington School and Hatfield College, Durham and ordained in 1894. He then held curacies at Leadgate and South Hylton before emigrating to Australia. He was Rector of Laidley, Queensland then Bundaberg and Warwick. Later he was Dean of Hobart before being ordained to the episcopate. He died on 3 February 1943 and there is a memorial to him at Launceston Grammar School.

St David's Cathedral, Hobart
The Cathedral Church of St David is the Anglican cathedral church located in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. The cathedral is the mother-church for the Diocese of Tasmania. Consecrated in 1874, St David's is the seat of the Bishop of Tasmania, currently the Right Reverend Richard Condie. The dean is the Very Reverend Richard Humphrey.
Rumsen language
The Rumsen language (also known as Rumsien, Rumsun, San Carlos Costanoan and Carmeleno) is one of eight Ohlone languages, historically spoken by the Rumsen people of Northern California. The Rumsen language was spoken from the Pajaro River to Point Sur, and on the lower courses of the Pajaro, as well as on the Salinas and Carmel Rivers, and the region of the present-day cities of Salinas, Monterey and Carmel.

Carmel-by-the-Sea, California
Carmel-by-the-Sea (/kɑːrˈmɛl/), commonly known simply as Carmel, is a city in Monterey County, California, located on the Central Coast of California. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 3,220, down from 3,722 at the 2010 census. Situated on the Monterey Peninsula, Carmel is a tourist destination, known for its natural scenery and artistic history.

The Spanish founded a settlement in 1771, when Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo was relocated by St. Junípero Serra from Monterey. Mission Carmel served as the headquarters of the Californian mission system, until the Mexican secularization act of 1833, when the area was divided into rancho grants. The settlement was largely abandoned by the U.S. Conquest of California in 1848 and stayed undeveloped until Santiago J. Duckworth built a summer colony in 1888. When the Carmel Development Company was formed in 1902, Carmel became an art colony and seaside resort, which incorporated in 1916.
Edmunds Sprūdžs
Edmunds Sprūdžs (born 21 June 1980 in Riga) is a Latvian politician and businessman. He is the former Minister for the Environmental Protection and Regional Development of Latvia and a member of the Reform Party.

Reform Party (Latvia)
The Reform Party (Latvian: Reformu partija), formerly known as Zatlers' Reform Party (Latvian: Zatlera Reformu partija, ZRP) until April 2012, was a centre-right political party in Latvia founded by former President Valdis Zatlers on 23 July 2011. It won 22 seats in the Saeima in the 2011 election.
Linux Test Project
The Linux Test Project (usually referred to as LTP) is a body of regression and conformance tests designed to confirm the behaviour of the Linux kernel as well as glibc.

The LTP is a joint project started by SGI, developed and maintained by IBM, Cisco, Fujitsu, SUSE, Red Hat and others. The project source code was migrated to git and is available on GitHub.

The LTP aims to test and improve Linux. The LTP provides a suite of automated testing tools for Linux as well as tools for publishing the results of ran tests.

Glibc
The GNU C Library, commonly known as glibc, is the GNU Project implementation of the C standard library. It provides a wrapper around the system calls of the Linux kernel and other kernels for application use. Despite its name, it now also directly supports C++ (and, indirectly, other programming languages). It was started in the 1980s by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) for the GNU operating system.

glibc is free software released under the GNU Lesser General Public License. The GNU C Library project provides the core libraries for the GNU system, as well as many systems that use Linux as the kernel. These libraries provide critical APIs including ISO C11, POSIX.1-2008, BSD, OS-specific APIs and more. These APIs include such foundational facilities as open, read, write, malloc, printf, getaddrinfo, dlopen, pthread_create, crypt, login, exit and more.
Le Grand Bridge (1896)
The Le Grand Bridge was a bridge north of Le Grand, Iowa, United States. It spanned the Iowa River for 242 feet (74 m), carrying traffic on a gravel road named Abbot Avenue. Since Abbott Avenue is the border between Marshall and Tama counties, the bridge is in two counties lengthwise. Many bridges span from one county to another, but few are lengthwise split. It necessitated a joint session of the two counties' Boards of Supervisors on June 29, 1896, to approve the project. The pinned Pratt through truss bridge was built in 1896 by the Marshalltown Bridge and Iron Works for $3,548. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. The bridge collapsed in the Iowa flood of 2008.

Marshall County, Iowa
Marshall County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,105, and was estimated to be 40,392 in 2024. The county seat and largest city is Marshalltown. The county was formed on January 13, 1846, and named after John Marshall, Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. Marshall County comprises the Marshalltown, Iowa Micropolitan Statistical Area. In 2010, the center of population of Iowa was located in Marshall County, near Melbourne.
Liechtenstein at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Liechtenstein competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. Since the nation's official debut in 1936, Liechtensteinian athletes have appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games, except for two occasions. Liechtenstein did not register any athletes at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, and eventually joined the United States-led boycott when Moscow hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics. The 2016 delegation included two swimmers, Christoph Meier and Julia Hassler, and tennis player Stephanie Vogt. Two of the athletes debuted in the 2012 Summer Olympics, with long-distance freestyle swimmer Julia Hassler leading the squad as the nation's flag bearer in the opening ceremony. Liechtenstein has yet to win a Summer Olympic medal.

Flag of Liechtenstein
The national flag of the Principality of Liechtenstein (German: Flagge Liechtensteins) consists of two horizontal bands, one blue and one red, charged with a gold crown in the canton. In use since 1764 and officially enshrined into the nation's constitution in 1921, it has been the flag of the principality since that year. The crown was added to the flag in 1937, after the country discovered at the Summer Olympics held the previous year that their flag was identical to the Haitian civil flag. A design with a modified crown was adopted on 30 June 1982.
2010 Walter Taylor Ward by-election
The 2010 Walter Taylor Ward by-election was held on 23 October 2010 to elect the next councillor for the Brisbane City Council ward of Walter Taylor, following the resignation of incumbent Jane Prentice.

Prentice resigned from council on 24 August 2010 after winning the division of Ryan at the federal election. She had been re-elected for the Liberal Party at the 2008 Brisbane City Council election, and subsequently joined the Liberal National Party (LNP) when it was formed months later in July 2008.

The by-election was easily won by LNP candidate Julian Simmonds, although there was a swing against of more than 6% after preferences.

Julian Simmonds
Julian Graham John Simmonds (born 29 August 1985) is a former Australian politician who was a member of the House of Representatives for one term from the 2019 federal election, representing the Division of Ryan in Queensland, until his defeat at the 2022 Australian federal election. He is a member of the Liberal National Party of Queensland and sat with the Liberal Party in federal parliament. He previously served on the Brisbane City Council from 2010 to 2019.
Heinrichs
Heinrichs is a surname derived from Heinrich. Notable people with this name include:

April Heinrichs (born 1964), American soccer player

Conrad-Oskar Heinrichs (1890–1944), German General during World War II

Dolph Heinrichs (1883–1967), Australian sportsman

Erik Heinrichs (1890–1965), Finnish general

Jason Heinrichs (born 1970), Canadian musical producer

Josh Heinrichs (born 1981), American singer/musician

Leo Heinrichs (1867–1908), a German-born Roman Catholic priest

Rick Heinrichs, American film production designer

Wolfhart Heinrichs (1941–2014), German Arabist

Erik Heinrichs
Axel Erik Heinrichs (21 July 1890 – 16 November 1965) was a Finnish military general. He was Finland's Chief of the General Staff during the Interim Peace and Continuation War (1940–1941 and 1942–1944) and Chief of Defence for a short time after the war (1945).
Jan Heidatel
Jan Rotwill Heidatel (1801 – 21 March 1871, Kraków) was a Russian engineer, general-mayor, Candidate of Philosophy, and commander of Liepāja port.

Heidatel was born to a French father and Polish mother. While studying at Vilnius University he joined the secret Filaret Association.
From 1824 he served in the Corpus of Water Communications in the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Empire. In February 1825 he was sent as an officer to Arkhangelsk and was later promoted to general. He was a head of the region of communication tracts in Kaunas. In 1830 he took part in the November Uprising against Tsarist rule. After 1850 he worked in Liepāja.

Heidatel was married and had two children. He died in Kraków and his burial service was held in St. Anna Roman Catholic church. He was buried in the Powązki Cemetery.

Filaret Association
The Filaret Association (also translated as filaret(e)s, philaret(e)s; Lithuanian: Filaretai, Polish: Zgromadzenie Filaretów, Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Pożytecznej Zabawy, filareci; from the Greek philáretos, "lovers of virtue") was a secret student organization created in 1820 at Vilnius University. It was disbanded in 1823.