hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tallinn Manual
The Tallinn Manual, originally entitled, Tallinn Manual on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare, is an academic, non-binding study on how international law, especially jus ad bellum and international humanitarian law, applies to cyber conflicts and cyber warfare. Between 2009 and 2012, the Tallinn Manual was written at the invitation of the Tallinn-based NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence by an international group of approximately twenty experts. In April 2013, the manual was published by Cambridge University Press.

In late 2009, the Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence convened an international group of legal scholars and practitioners to draft a manual addressing the issue of how to interpret international law in the context of cyber operations and cyber warfare. As such, it was the first effort to analyse this topic comprehensively and authoritatively and to bring some degree of clarity to the associated complex legal issues.

Jus ad bellum
Jus ad bellum (/juːs/ YOOS or /dʒʌs/), literally "right to war" in Latin, refers to "the conditions under which States may resort to war or to the use of armed force in general". Jus ad bellum is one pillar of just war theory. Just war theory states that war should only be condoned under 'just' conditions. Jus ad bellum simply limits the causes for which war can be considered justifiable. The other parts of just war theory include jus in bello (just actions in war) and jus post bellum (justice after war).
Gosaunik Geet
Gosaunik Geet (Maithili: गोसाउनिक गीत) are devotional folk songs sung in the Mithila region by Maithils through which they try to please their Kul Devi. It is sung during the auspicious occasions of Mundana, Upanayana and marriage, etc at the Gosaunik Ghar of Maithils. Vidyapati was one of the prominent Maithili poet who is credited for composing and singing the famous Gosaunik Geet "Jai Jai Bhairavi".

Maithils
The Maithils (Devanagari: मैथिल), also known as Maithili people, are an Indo-Aryan cultural and ethno-linguistic group from the Indian subcontinent, who speak the Maithili language as their native language. They inhabit the Mithila region, which comprises Northern and Eastern Bihar and Northeastern Jharkhand in India & in Nepal constituting Madhesh Province in addition to some Terai districts of Bagmati and Koshi Provinces.

The Mithila region forms an important part of Hinduism as it is said to be the birthplace of Sita, the wife of Ram and incarnation of Lakshmi.
Fritz Schwarz
Fritz Schwarz (14 August 1899 - 6 November 1961) was a German bobsledder who competed in the 1930s. He won two medals at the 1934 FIBT World Championships with a gold in the four-man and a silver in the two-man event.

Schwarz also finished seventh in the four-man event at the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen.

1936 Winter Olympics
The 1936 Winter Olympics, officially known as the IV Olympic Winter Games (German: IV. Olympische Winterspiele) and commonly known as Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1936, were a winter multi-sport event held from 6 to 16 February 1936 in the market town of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. Later that year, the country also hosted the 1936 Summer Olympics, which were held in Berlin. It was the last year in which the Summer and Winter Games both took place in the same country (the cancelled 1940 Olympics would have been held in Japan, with Tokyo hosting the Summer Games and Sapporo hosting the Winter Games).

The 1936 Winter Games were organized on behalf of the German League of the Reich for Physical Exercise (DRL) by Karl Ritter von Halt, who had been named president of the committee for the organization of the Fourth Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen by Reichssportführer Hans von Tschammer und Osten.
Hypericum reflexum
Hypericum reflexum is a species of plant in the St. Johns wort family, Hypericaceae, endemic to the Canary Islands. It is a small shrub up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) in height with opposite, sessile leaves up to 25 mm (0.98 in) long and 12 mm (0.47 in) across. The flowerheads produce 5–40 bright yellow flowers with five petals each.

Hypericum reflexum was described in 1782 by Carl Linnaeus the Younger.

Hypericaceae
Hypericaceae is a plant family in the order Malpighiales, comprising six to nine genera and up to 700 species, and commonly known as the St. John's wort family. Members are found throughout the world apart from extremely cold or dry habitats. Hypericum and Triadenum occur in temperate regions but other genera are mostly tropical.
Esther Panitch
Esther Dina Feuer Panitch (born October 14, 1971) is an American attorney and politician. She has served as a member of the Georgia House of Representatives representing the 51st district since 2023. She was the only Jewish member of the Georgia House of Representatives for the 157th and 158th Georgia General Assembly.

Georgia House of Representatives
33°44′57″N 84°23′18″W﻿ / ﻿33.749070°N 84.388362°W﻿ / 33.749070; -84.388362

The Georgia House of Representatives is the lower house of the Georgia General Assembly (the state legislature) of the U.S. state of Georgia. There are currently 180 elected members. Republicans have had a majority in the chamber since 2005. The current House Speaker is Jon G. Burns.
Yero Ibrahim Bello
Yero Ibrahim Bello is a Nigerian politician, teacher, and lawmaker from Plateau State in Nigeria.
Bello was born on 9 February 1962 in Plateau State. He is married.

Bello graduated from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.

He is a politician and a teacher. From 1999 to 2003, he represented the Wase constituency in the House of Representatives.

Wase, Nigeria
Wase (pronounced: Wersæy) is a town and Local Government Area (LGA) of Plateau State, Nigeria, situated some 200km south east of Jos, the Plateau State capital. It shares boundary with Kanam LGA to the north, Taraba State to the south and east, and Langtang LGA to the west. The population of the LGA was 161,714 people as of 2006, with an urban area of 1750 km².
Tengizchevroil
Tengizchevroil is a joint venture between Chevron (50% share in the consortium), ExxonMobil (25% share), KazMunayGas (20% share) and Lukoil (5% share). The joint venture was formed in April 1993, when the government of Kazakhstan granted exclusive 40-year rights to Tengizchevroil LLP (TCO) to develop the Tengiz and Korolevskoye oil fields located in the north-eastern reaches of the Caspian Sea in Kazakhstan.

Petroleum reservoir
A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations. Such reservoirs form when kerogen (ancient plant matter) is created in surrounding rock by the presence of high heat and pressure in the Earth's crust.

Reservoirs are broadly classified as conventional and unconventional reservoirs. In conventional reservoirs, the naturally occurring hydrocarbons, such as crude oil (petroleum) or natural gas, are trapped by overlying rock formations with lower permeability, while in unconventional reservoirs the rocks have high porosity and low permeability, which keeps the hydrocarbons trapped in place, therefore not requiring a cap rock. Reservoirs are found using hydrocarbon exploration methods.
Three of Swords
The Three of Swords is the third card of the suit of swords. The suit is present in Italian, Spanish, and tarot decks.

Tarot cards are used throughout much of Europe to play tarot card games. In English-speaking countries, where the games are largely unknown, tarot cards came to be utilized primarily for divinatory purposes.

Tarot card reading
Tarot card reading is a form of cartomancy whereby practitioners use tarot cards to purportedly gain insight into the past, present or future. The process typically begins with formulation of a question, followed by drawing and interpreting cards to uncover meaning. A traditional tarot deck consists of 78 cards, which can be split into two groups, the Major Arcana and Minor Arcana. French-suited playing cards can also be used; as can any card system with suits assigned to identifiable elements (e.g., air, earth, fire, water).
CN2 algorithm
The CN2 induction algorithm is a learning algorithm for rule induction. It is designed to work even when the training data is imperfect. It is based on ideas from the AQ algorithm and the ID3 algorithm. As a consequence it creates a rule set like that created by AQ but is able to handle noisy data like ID3.

Algorithmic learning theory
Algorithmic learning theory is a mathematical framework for analyzing 
machine learning problems and algorithms. Synonyms include formal learning theory and algorithmic inductive inference. Algorithmic learning theory is different from statistical learning theory in that it does not make use of statistical assumptions and analysis. Both algorithmic and statistical learning theory are concerned with machine learning and can thus be viewed as branches of computational learning theory.
2009 CONCACAF U-20 Championship
The 2009 CONCACAF U-20 Championship was the biannual CONCACAF youth championship tournament for under-20 national teams. The 2009 edition was held in Trinidad and Tobago. All matches were played at Dwight Yorke Stadium in Bacolet, Tobago and Marvin Lee Stadium in Macoya, Trinidad. The CONCACAF U-20 Championship traditionally serves as the CONCACAF qualifier for the FIFA U-20 World Cup, and under the 2009 tournament format the four semifinalists qualified for the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup, which was hosted by Egypt from 25 September to 16 October 2009.

Egyptian Football Association
The Egyptian Football Association (Egyptian Arabic: الاتحاد المصري لكرة القدم) is the governing body of association football in Egypt. Founded in 1921, it became a member of FIFA since 1923 and a founding member of the CAF, the EFA has jurisdiction over the Egyptian football league system and is responsible for the men's and women's national teams.

The EFA headquarters is located in Gezira, Cairo. The EFA organizes the semi-professional Egyptian Second Division as well as the lower regional leagues at the third and fourth levels of the league system.
Ivan Pershin
Ivan Vasilevich Pershin (Russian: Иван Васильевич Першин, born 25 January 1980) is a Russian judoka.

Pershin was born in Arkhangelsk.

At the 2008 Summer Olympics Pershin was eliminated in the semifinals of the 90 kg competition after losing his fight to the upcoming gold medalist Irakli Tsirekidze. And he lost the following bronze medal fight to Sergei Aschwanden.

Arkhangelsk
Arkhangelsk (Russian: Архангельск, pronounced [ɐrˈxanɡʲɪlʲsk]) is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina near its mouth into the White Sea. The city spreads for over 40 kilometres (25 mi) along the banks of the river and numerous islands of its delta. Arkhangelsk was the chief seaport of medieval and early modern Russia until 1703, when it was replaced by the newly founded Saint Petersburg.

A 1,133-kilometer-long (704 mi) railway runs from Arkhangelsk to Moscow via Vologda and Yaroslavl, and air travel is served by the Talagi Airport and the smaller Vaskovo Airport. As of the 2021 Census, the city's population was 301,199.
George Newman (cricketer)
George Christopher Newman (26 April 1904 – 13 October 1982) was an English cricketer and all-round sportsman.

Newman was born in Paddington. He was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford. He was awarded Blues at university in cricket and squash.

He represented Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), Middlesex and Oxford University, as a right-handed middle order batsman and as a right-arm medium pace bowler in 73 first-class matches between 1926 and 1936. He scored 2,742 runs at an average of 25.86, with three centuries and took 27 catches. He toured Canada with Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC).

A noted athlete, he represented Oxford in the high jump, the relay race, hurdles and squash. He was President of Middlesex County Cricket Club (1963–1976) and the first President of the Seaxe Club (1968–1978). He died in Braintree, Essex, aged 78.

Blue (university sport)
A blue is an award of sporting colours earned by athletes at some universities and schools for competition at the highest level. The awarding of blues began at Oxford and Cambridge universities in England. They are now awarded at a number of other British universities and at some universities in Australia and New Zealand.
George Shaw (cricketer, born 1931)
George Bernard Shaw (24 October 1931 – 2 August 1984) was a Welsh cricketer.  Shaw was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break.  He was born in Treharris, Glamorgan.

Shaw made his first-class debut for Glamorgan against the Combined Services in 1951.  He made 15 further first-class appearances for Glamorgan, the last of which came against Surrey in the 1955 County Championship.  A bowler, Shaw took 26 wickets for Glamorgan, at an average of 27.15, with best figures of 5/38.  These figures came in his second first-class match against the Combined Services in 1952, a match in which he also took his other five-wicket haul of 5/67, to give him match figures of 10/105.  Typically though, he found it harder against county professionals.

He emigrated to Australia in 1978, where six years later he was killed in a car crash outside Port Pirie, South Australia, on 2 August 1984.

Five-wicket haul
In cricket, a five-wicket haul (also known as a "five–for" or "fifer") occurs when a bowler takes five or more wickets in a single innings, commonly abbreviated as 5wI. Taking five wickets is regarded as a notable achievement, equivalent to a century by a batter. In 2001, Glenn McGrath invented the tradition of a bowler raising the ball to the crowd at the completion of a five-wicket haul.

Taking a five-wicket haul at Lord's earns the bowler a place on the Lord's honours boards.
Niels Duffhuës
Niels Duffhuës (born 8 January 1973 in Oss) is a Dutch multi-instrumentalist, composer and writer. From 1993 to 1994 he was the vocalist and acoustic guitarist in the then Doom metal band The Gathering, and he played on their album Almost a Dance, released in 1993. From 1997 to 1998, he played drums in U-Charger. In 1998 he founded the experimental rock band Enos, and he recorded the album Tremolo with them, before they split in 2001. From 2000 to 2002 he was also a member of Blimey!. After that he started a solo career, and he released several albums. He released The Village in 2018.

Experimental rock
Experimental rock (originally known as avant-garde rock or avant-rock) is a subgenre of rock music that emerged in the 1960s. The genre emphasizes innovation over commercial appeal, incorporating influences and ideas lifted from avant-garde music through traditional rock music instrumentation. It is primarily characterized by its use of unconventional song structures, musical techniques, rhythms and lyricism, usually deemed challenging, difficult, inaccessible or underground.
Talysh language
Talysh (تؤلشه زوؤن, Tolışə Zıvon, Tолышә зывон) is a Northwestern Iranian language spoken in the northern regions of the Iranian provinces of Gilan and Ardabil and the southern regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan by around 500,000-800,000 people. Talysh language is closely related to Tati and Zaza languages and along with Tati and Zaza, is located at the westernmost part of the Western Iranian languages. It includes many dialects usually divided into three main clusters: Northern (in Azerbaijan and Iran), Central (Iran) and Southern (Iran). Talysh is partially, but not fully, intelligible with Persian. Talysh is classified as "vulnerable" by UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.

Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
The UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger was an online publication containing a comprehensive list of the world's endangered languages. It originally replaced the Red Book of Endangered Languages as a title in print after a brief period of overlap before being transferred to an online-only publication.
Malcolm Dacey
Malcolm Dacey (born 12 July 1960 in Swansea) is a former Wales international rugby union player who attained 15 international caps. An outside-half, he played club rugby for Swansea RFC. Dacey had 2 spells with Swansea firstly between 1978 and 1992 and then 1990-92. He scored 48 tries in his 271 appearances.

Dacey made an appearance for the British & Irish Lions, coming on as a replacement against a Rest of the World XV in 1986. Dacey also played for the Five Nations XV versus the Overseas Unions in 1986. He also represented the Wales B team and the Barbarians.

British Lions v The Rest
British Lions v The Rest was a 1986 rugby union match that saw the British Lions play against 'The Rest' to celebrate the centenary of the International Rugby Football Board. The Rest consisted of players from Australia, France, New Zealand and South Africa. At the time, there were only eight unions affiliated to the Board, thus only players from those countries were chosen. The Rest beat the Lions 15–7 in April 1986 in the match played at Cardiff Arms Park.
Altamaha River
The Altamaha River /ˈɑːltəməhɑː/ is a major river in the U.S. state of Georgia. It flows generally eastward for 137 miles (220 km) from its origin at the confluence of the Oconee River and Ocmulgee River towards the Atlantic Ocean, where it empties into the ocean near Brunswick, Georgia. No dams are directly on the Altamaha, though some are on the Oconee and the Ocmulgee. Including its tributaries, the Altamaha River's drainage basin is about 14,000 square miles (36,000 km2) in size, qualifying it among the larger river basins of the US Atlantic coast.

Elliottia racemosa
Elliottia racemosa, the Georgia plume or summer plume, is a plant in the family Ericaceae, and is endemic to the U.S. state of Georgia.

The plant is found in habitats of moist stream banks to dry ridges, and are usually in sandy soil.   It is found at scattered locations in eastern and southern Georgia.
Back to the Drive
Back to the Drive is the eleventh studio album by Suzi Quatro. Released in March 2006, it was her comeback album, and her first since 1990's Oh Suzi Q. (apart from 1995's What Goes Around, which contained mostly re-recordings of her oldies, and 1998's Unreleased Emotion which had been recorded in 1983, but until then unreleased). Produced by Sweet guitarist Andy Scott and Steve Grant with input from Quatro's classic era producer Mike Chapman, this release features backing vocals by Shirlie Roden, ex-husband Len Tuckey on guitar, and includes her daughter, Laura Quatro (then Laura Tuckey), duetting with her on the download-only single "I'll Walk Through the Fire With You".

It was issued on EMI Records throughout the world, and in the UK on the revived Liberty Records and EMI distributed independent label Caroline Records in North America.

EMI Records
EMI Records (formerly EMI Records Ltd.) is a British multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It was originally founded as a British flagship label by the music company EMI in 1972, and launched in January 1973 as the successor to its Columbia and Parlophone record labels. The label was later launched worldwide. It has a branch in India called EMI Records India, run by director Mohit Suri. In 2014, Universal Music Japan revived the label in Japan as the successor to EMI Records Japan. In June 2020, Universal revived the label as the successor to Virgin EMI, with Virgin Records now operating as an imprint of EMI Records. In February 2024, UMG Philippines relaunched EMI as a successor to the former EMI Philippines label after 22 years.
Brimstone (2016 film)
Brimstone is a 2016 psychological Western film written and directed by Martin Koolhoven. The film stars Dakota Fanning, Guy Pearce, Emilia Jones, Kit Harington, and Carice van Houten. It is a Dutch-American as well as French, German, Belgian and Swedish international production.

The film was selected to compete for the Golden Lion at the 73rd Venice International Film Festival on 3 September 2016, where it caused controversy. It premiered in the Netherlands on 12 January 2017, where it was very well received, as in the rest of Europe and was released on 10 March in the United States, where it received mixed reviews from critics.

Netherlands Film Festival
The Netherlands Film Festival (Dutch: Nederlands Film Festival) is an annual film festival, held in September and October of each year in the city of Utrecht.

During the ten-day festival, Dutch film productions and co-productions are exhibited. Besides feature films, the program also consists of short subjects, documentary films, and television productions. On the closing evening of the festival, the Golden Calves are awarded to the best films, directors, and actors.

Together with the Netherlands Film Fund, the festival also recognises box office results of Dutch film productions during the year with the Crystal Film (10,000 visitors of documentary films), Golden Film (100,000 visitors), Platinum Film (400,000 visitors), and Diamond Film (1,000,000 visitors).
Professor (musician)
Mkhonzeni Langa (born 27 March 1978) better known by his stage name Professor is a South African Kwaito musician from Durban. He first rose to prominence as part of the Durban-based Kwaito duo Tzozo and Professor before branching out on his own making a mark on the South African music industry with hit songs such as Jezebel, "Imoto", "Lento", "Fingerprints", "Speaker" & "Unobenga".

He signed a record deal with Kalawa Jazmee and released his debut  album University of Kalawa Jazmee (2010), which earned him  his first award Best Kwaito Album.

Metro FM
Metro FM is a national commercial radio station in South Africa owned by the South African Broadcasting Corporation. The station broadcasts on FM Stereo as well as the DStv Bouquet Channel 801.
Telephone :
Saalivaahanan
Saalivaahanan is a Tamil language film starring Ranjan, T. R. Rajakumari, M. G. Ramachandran and K. L. V. Vasantha. The film was released in 1945. No print of the film is known to survive, making it a lost film.

N. S. Krishnan
Nagercoil Sudalaimuthu Krishnan, popularly known as Kalaivanar (lit. 'Lover of arts') and also as NSK, was an Indian actor, comedian, playback singer and screenwriter in the early stages of the Tamil film industry – in the 1940s and 1950s. He is considered as the "Charlie Chaplin of India."

Born into a Vellalar family in Ozhuginasery, Nagercoil, in the princely state of Travancore, India on 29 November 1908, his stage and cine-screen comedy performances were unique and always carried a message for the people. "Kalaivanar" N. S. Krishnan died at the age of 48, on 30 August 1957.
Otterington Bridge
Otterington Bridge is a historic structure connecting South Otterington and Newby Wiske, villages in North Yorkshire, in England.

The bridge, across the River Wiske, was constructed to carry the main road from Northallerton to Boroughbridge.  It was designed by John Carr and was completed in 1776.  The construction cost £680.  The bridge was grade II listed in 1987.

The bridge is built of stone and consists of five segmental arches, the middle arch larger, with voussoirs and hood moulds. By the ends of the bridge are pilaster buttresses, and the parapet is coped.

Northallerton
Northallerton (/nɔːrˈθælərtən/ nor-THAL-ər-tən) is a market town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It is near the River Wiske in the Vale of Mowbray and had a population of 16,832 in 2011. Northallerton is an administrative centre for York and North Yorkshire Combined Authority and North Yorkshire Council.

There has been a settlement at Northallerton since Roman times. That grew in importance from the 11th century when King William II gifted land there to the Bishop of Durham, and it became an important religious centre. The Battle of the Standard fought nearby in 1138 involved the death of up to 12,000 Scots.

Northallerton was an important stopping point for coaches on the road between Edinburgh and London until the arrival of the railway.