hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Apocalypticism
Apocalypticism is the religious belief that the end of the world is imminent, even within one's own lifetime. This belief is usually accompanied by the idea that civilization will soon come to a tumultuous end due to some sort of catastrophic global event.

Apocalypticism is one aspect of eschatology in certain religions, the part of theology concerned with the final events of human history, or the ultimate destiny of humanity (societal collapse, human extinction, and so on).

Human extinction
Human extinction or omnicide is the end of the human species, either by population decline due to extraneous natural causes, such as an asteroid impact or large-scale volcanism, or via anthropogenic destruction (self-extinction).

Some of the many possible contributors to anthropogenic hazards are climate change, global nuclear annihilation, biological warfare, weapons of mass destruction, and ecological collapse. Other scenarios center on emerging technologies, such as advanced artificial intelligence, biotechnology, or self-replicating nanobots.

The scientific consensus is that there is a relatively low risk of near-term human extinction due to natural causes. The likelihood of human extinction through humankind's own activities, however, is a current area of research and debate.
Southcott, West Devon
Southcott is a hamlet in the civil parish of Okehampton Hamlets, in West Devon, England. The hamlet name is Anglo Saxon in origin and means 'southern cottage'.

The hamlet, little more than one road of cottages, is located to the west of the town of Okehampton and north of Dartmoor National Park.

West Devon
West Devon is a local government district with borough status in Devon, England. Its council is based in Tavistock, the borough's largest town. The borough also includes the towns of Hatherleigh, North Tawton and Okehampton, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

A large area in the south-east of the borough lies within the Dartmoor National Park, and part of the south-west of the borough lies within the Tamar Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are Torridge, Mid Devon, Teignbridge, South Hams and Cornwall.
Manitoba Provincial Road 410
Provincial Road 410 (PR 410) is a short 3.3-kilometre-long (2.1 mi) east–west highway in the Winnipeg Metropolitan Region of Manitoba. Located entirely within the Rural Municipality of St. Andrews, it connects the communities of Rossdale and McDonald with the National Historic Sites of St. Andrews Rectory and St. Andrews on the Red.

Winnipeg Metropolitan Region
The Winnipeg Metropolitan Region (formerly called the Winnipeg Capital Region and the Manitoba Capital Region) is a metropolitan area in the Canadian province of Manitoba located in the Red River Valley in the southeast portion of the province of Manitoba, Canada. It contains the provincial capital of Winnipeg and 17 surrounding rural municipalities, cities, and towns.

Other places in the region besides Winnipeg with a population over 1,000 are the city of Selkirk; towns of Stonewall and Niverville; and communities of Oakbank, Oak Bluff, Stony Mountain, Teulon, and Lorette. As the most densely-populated and economically-important area of Manitoba, the region accounts for two-thirds of the province's population and 70% of the provincial GDP as of 2021.

It also includes the smaller census metropolitan area (CMA) of Winnipeg, with the addition of the Brokenhead 4 Indian Reserve.
2009 Taini Jamison Trophy Series
The 2009 Taini Jamison Trophy Series, also referred to as the New World Series,   was the second Taini Jamison Trophy series. It featured New Zealand playing a World 7 in a series of three netball test matches, played in August 2009. The World 7 won the opening test 48–44. They then went 2–0 up by winning the second test 53–44. This confirmed the World 7 as winners of the Taini Jamison Trophy. New Zealand won the third test 46–41 to see the series finish 2–1. The New Zealand team were coached by Ruth Aitken and captained by Casey Williams. The World 7 were coached by Julie Fitzgerald, captained by Natasha Chokljat and featured a selection of Australia, England, Jamaica and Samoa internationals.

World Netball
World Netball is the worldwide governing body for netball. It is responsible for organising the Netball World Cup, Netball at the Commonwealth Games, the Fast5 Netball World Series and the Netball World Youth Cup. It also publishes the World Netball Rankings and maintains the rules of netball. It was originally founded in 1960 as the International Federation of Women's Basketball and Netball Associations. After members adopted the name "netball" for the sport, the organisation was renamed the International Federation of Netball Associations. Between 2012–13 and 2021, it was known as the International Netball Federation, before it adopted its current name.
Welsh Way
The Welsh Way was a British Iron Age trade route and track-way that originally carried trade between South Wales and the Oxford area of England across the Cotswold Hills. There is evidence it was utilised and improved  by the Roman army following the conquest of Britain as a link between Akeman Street and the Fosse Way.

It links the highest navigable point on the River Thames at Lechlade to the lowest crossing point of the River Severn at Gloucester. Originally it had a braided nature with one route through Quenington and another through Fairford.

From the thirteenth century to the eighteenth century it was the route taken by Welsh cattle drovers to London. At this time it took the name Tame's way after a rich family of Cotswolds merchants.: 49

The  Welsh Way exists today as  a named lane which leaves the Gloucester-Cirencester road before Duntisbourne and passes through Barnsley and Ready Token to Fairford and Lechlade, eventually joining The Ridgeway near Wantage.

Droving
Droving is the practice of walking livestock over long distances. It is a type of herding, often associated with cattle, in which case it is a cattle drive (particularly in the US). Droving stock to market—usually on foot and often with the aid of dogs—has a very long history. An owner might entrust an agent to deliver stock to market and bring back the proceeds. There has been droving since people in cities found it necessary to source food from distant supplies.
LRG Racing
LRG Racing was established in 2006 by Lawrence R. Goldfarb, the CEO of LRG Capital Group.  The LRG Racing team competes primarily in the American Federation of Motorcyclists (AFM), and exhibitions in other racing clubs.  The LRG Racing team will compete in the Formula II, Formula III, 600 Production, and the 600 Superbike classes of the AFM.  The team is based out of Larkspur, California.

Larkspur, California
Larkspur is a city in Marin County, California, United States. Larkspur is located directly south of Kentfield and 3 miles (4.8 km) south of San Rafael, at an elevation of 43 feet (13 m). As of the 2020 census, the city's population was 13,064. Larkspur's Police Department is shared with that of the neighboring Corte Madera and town of San Anselmo as the Central Marin Police Authority.

The city's main thoroughfare is Magnolia Avenue, which runs through the Larkspur Downtown Historic District. Madrone Canyon, a residential area amidst a redwood grove, traces scenic Larkspur Creek.
Bowerswell
Bowerswell (formerly known as Whistlecroft) is an early-19th-century house on Bowerswell Road, Kinnoull, Scotland. It is a Grade B listed building and was the childhood home of Effie Gray; she and John Ruskin were married there in 1848.

After World War II, the house and surrounding grounds were purchased by Perth Council as a "living" war memorial; the house and 20 cottages in the grounds serve as sheltered housing. The City of Perth Book of Remembrance for WW2 is housed in the building.

Book of remembrance
A book of remembrance is a book commemorating those who have died, usually listing their names in date or alphabetical order. They are often compiled to commemorate war dead and others who have died on military operations. Another use is to commemorate people who have been cremated or buried at a location, as an alternative to  grave markers.

Books of remembrance are often held by municipal authorities or churches and pages may be turned daily in memory of those on each page.
Jeziorka, Słupsk County
Jeziorka [jɛˈʑɔrka] (German: Gesorke) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Damnica, within Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

In 1938, the Kashubian place name was Germanized to "Kleinwasser" during the renaming of East Prussian placenames, a policy initiated by Nazi Germany.

Kashubian language
Kashubian (/kəˈʃuːbiən/) or Cassubian (/kəˈsuːbiən/; endonym: kaszëbsczi jãzëk; Polish: język kaszubski) is a West Slavic language belonging to the Lechitic subgroup.

Approximately 87,600 people use mainly Kashubian at home. It is the only remnant of the Pomeranian language. It is close to standard Polish with influence from Low German and the extinct Polabian (West Slavic) and Old Prussian (West Baltic) languages.

The Kashubian language exists in two different forms: vernacular dialects used in rural areas, and literary variants used in education.
2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee
The 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee were held on November 5, 2024, to elect the nine U.S. representatives from the State of Tennessee, one from each of the state's congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2024 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. Primary elections took place on August 1, 2024.

Following the 2024 elections, no seats changed hands, leaving the Tennessee delegation at a 8-1 Republican majority.

Tennessee's congressional districts
There are currently nine United States congressional districts in Tennessee based on results from the 2020 United States census. There have been as few as eight and as many as thirteen congressional districts in Tennessee. The 13th district and the 12th district were lost after the 1840 census. The 11th district was lost after the 1850 census and the 10th district was last lost after the 1950 census. The 9th district was briefly lost after the 1970 census but was regained after the 1980 census.
Excised and Anatomised
Excised and anatomised is an EP by Swedish death metal band Evocation. The EP contains covers of songs by Bolt Thrower, Carcass, Napalm Death, Edge of Sanity and At The Gates. It was released on 3 September 2013 in North America through iTunes and CMDistro on vinyl.

Edge of Sanity
Edge of Sanity was a Swedish death metal band that, alongside Opeth, is commonly regarded as being the first to fuse extreme metal styles like death and black metal with progressive rock. The group was founded by multi-instrumentalist and songwriter Dan Swanö in 1989 with Swanö taking vocal, guitar and songwriting duties, and ended in 2003.
WAIT (AM)
WAIT (850 kHz) was an AM radio station licensed to Crystal Lake, Illinois, and serving the Chicago metropolitan area. It was licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) as a Class D station and broadcast only during daytime hours, signing off at sunset to protect KOA in Denver, the clear-channel station on 850 kHz.

The station had a highly directional pattern, with nulls to the northeast and southwest, to protect WGVS in Muskegon, Michigan, and KFUO in Clayton, Missouri. Because of its northwest suburban location and directional pattern, WAIT could be heard in Rockford, Illinois, and Janesville, Wisconsin, in addition to the Chicago media market.

KFUO (AM)
KFUO (850 kHz) is a non-commercial AM radio station licensed to Clayton, Missouri, U.S., and serving Greater St. Louis. It has a Christian radio format. Owned and operated by The Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod (LCMS), its radio studios and offices are in the LCMS headquarters in Kirkwood, Missouri.

KFUO is a daytimer station, powered at 5,000 watts, using a non-directional antenna from a transmitter site on the grounds of the Concordia Seminary in Clayton. Because it operates on the same frequency as Class A KOA in Denver, it must sign off at sunset. As such, the on-air hours vary depending on time of year. KFUO operates between 80 1/2 and 102 1/2 hours per week, depending on the times of sunrise and sunset in Denver.

The station's FM translators at 92.7 MHz, 104.5 MHz and 105.3 MHz, relay station KFUO and streaming at kfuo.org, play sacred music when the 850 signal is off the air.

KFUO broadcasts using HD Radio technology.
Sylvain Guillot
Sylvain Guillot (born 1972) is a French jockey. He is married to the sister of fellow jockey Yannick Fouin and has one son, Thomas.

For three years from about 1987, Guillot did an apprenticeship with Jean-François Daubin at Maisons-Laffitte. In 1990, he joined Jean-Paul Gallorini's stable and won 15 races on the flat and eight over the jumps.

Guillot's greatest successes came in 1994 when he won the Grand Critérium at Longchamp on Goldmark and, just two weeks later, the Champion Stakes at Newmarket, riding Dernier Empereur.

In 1995, he won the Prix Jacques Le Marois while riding Miss Satamixa, the Grosser Preis der Badischen Wirtschaft on Freedom Cry, and the Oaks d'Italia on Valley of Gold.

In September 2006, he broke his wrist whilst practicing, though he has returned to horse riding since.

Grosser Preis der Badischen Wirtschaft
The Grosser Preis der Badischen Wirtschaft is a Group 2 flat horse race in Germany open to thoroughbreds aged four years or older. It is run at Baden-Baden over a distance of 2,200 metres (about 1 mile and 3 furlongs), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late May or early June.

The event was originally called the Grosser Preis der Badischen Wirtschaft, and it was initially a 1,800-metre race for horses aged three or older. Its distance was extended to 2,200 metres and the minimum age was raised to four in 1983.

The race was sponsored by Mercedes-Benz from 2001 to 2007, and during this period it was known as the Grosser Mercedes-Benz-Preis. It was renamed the Grosser Preis der Badischen Unternehmen in 2008. In 2016, the race recovered its original name, Grosser Preis der Badischen Wirtschaft.
Hitsujigaoka Observation Hill
Hitsujigaoka Observation Hill (羊ヶ丘展望台, Hitsujigaoka Tembōdai) is a famous scenic spot located in Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaidō, Japan.
The bronze statue of Dr. William S. Clark, which stands on the hill, is well known as the symbol of frontier spirit of Hokkaidō.

Symbol
A symbol is a mark, sign, or word that indicates, signifies, or is understood as representing an idea, object, relationship, or mathematical formula. Symbols allow people to go beyond what is known or seen by creating linkages between otherwise different concepts and experiences. All communication is achieved through the use of symbols: for example, a red octagon is a common symbol for "STOP"; on maps, blue lines often represent rivers; and a red rose often symbolizes love and compassion. Numerals are symbols for numbers; letters of an alphabet may be symbols for certain phonemes; and personal names are symbols representing individuals. The academic study of symbols is called semiotics.

In the arts, symbolism is the use of a concrete element to represent a more abstract idea. In cartography, an organized collection of symbols forms a legend for a map.
Stiffness
Stiffness is the extent to which an object resists deformation in response to an applied force.

The inverse of stiffness is flexibility or pliability: the more flexible an object is, the less stiff it is. Other terms with similar meanings are compliance and elasticity.

Pound (force)
The pound of force or pound-force (symbol: lbf, sometimes lbf,) is a unit of force used in some systems of measurement, including English Engineering units and the foot–pound–second system.

Pound-force should not be confused with pound-mass (lb), often simply called "pound", which is a unit of mass; nor should these be confused with foot-pound (ft⋅lbf), a unit of energy, or pound-foot (lbf⋅ft), a unit of torque.
Ben Bronson
Benjamin James Bronson (born September 9, 1972) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) and Arena Football League (AFL). He played in the NFL for the Indianapolis Colts and the AFL for the Houston ThunderBears and Carolina Cobras. He played college football for the Baylor Bears.

Bronson also played college baseball at Baylor and professionally in the Kansas City Royals organization from 1996 to 1997.

In 2000, he was named the AFL Breakout Player of the Year. Outside of arena football, Bronson appeared in The Longest Yard (2005).

Bronson is the twin brother to the former American Olympic 400-meter hurdler, John Bryan Bronson, who won the bronze medal at the 1997 World Championships in Athens. Bryan Bronson

Houston ThunderBears
The Houston ThunderBears were a professional arena football team based in Houston, Texas. The team finished the 2001 season as a member of the Western Division of the American Conference of the Arena Football League (AFL). The team joined the AFL in 1996 as the expansion Texas Terror. After their first two years of existence, the franchise changed their name to the Houston ThunderBears. Plagued with attendance problems through the majority of their existence, the team folded in 2001. Home games were played at the Compaq Center.

The six seasons in which the team played coincided with the absence of the National Football League from the Houston market; the Houston Oilers had announced their departure from the city after the 1996 season, and the Houston Texans began play in 2002. Many of the same issues that led to the Oilers' departure, including poor attendance and a decline in the price of oil that drove Houston's economy, also affected the Thunderbears.
Carrefour de l'Estrie
Carrefour de l'Estrie (French pronunciation: [kaʁfuʁ də lɛstʁi]) is a shopping centre located in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. Its anchors include Super C, Shoppers Drug Mart, La Maison Simons, and Marshalls.

Shoppers Drug Mart
Shoppers Drug Mart Inc. (colloquially Shoppers; named Pharmaprix in Quebec) is a Canadian retail pharmacy chain based in Toronto, Ontario. It has more than 1,300 stores in ten provinces and two territories.

The company was founded by pharmacist Murray Koffler in 1962; the Koffler family still retains ownership of the Super-Pharm pharmacy, which has locations in Israel, Poland, and formerly in China (as Ensure from 2005 to 2011). Super-Pharm's logo is similar to that of Shoppers Drug Mart, which was created by the artist Sylvain Liu. It also uses some of the same private-label brands, such as Life Brand and Quo.

Koffler sold Shoppers Drug Mart to Imasco in 1986, before spinning off into an independent company in 2000; but gained its status a publicly-traded corporation in 2001. In 2014, Brampton-based Loblaw Companies acquired Shoppers Drug Mart for $12.4 billion in cash and stock. By early 2016, Shoppers had over 1,300 locations in Canada.
Reinhalvøya
Reinhalvøya is a peninsula in Gustav V Land, at the northern coast of Nordaustlandet, Svalbard. It is located within the large bay Nordenskiöldbukta, south of Scoresbyøya and the Sabine Islands, and separates the bay of Sabinebukta from the bay Carolusbukta.

Sabine Islands
The Sabine Islands (/ˈseɪbɪn/ SAY-bin; Norwegian: Sabineøyane) are a group of islands at the northern side of Nordaustlandet, Svalbard. They are located south of Scoresbyøya, in the bay of Sabinebukta. The islands are named after Arctic explorer Edward Sabine. The most northern island has a length of about 1.5 kilometers and is the largest of the islands.
2019 European Curling Championships
The 2019 Le Gruyère AOP European Curling Championships was held in 2019 to qualify European curling teams for the 2020 World Curling Championships and World Qualification Event. The A and B division competitions were held from November 16 to 23 at The Olympia Rink in Helsingborg, Sweden. The C division competition was held from April 13 to 17 at the Brașov Olympic Ice Rink in Brașov, Romania.

Seven men's teams, not including the hosts, Scotland, who automatically qualify, qualified for the 2020 World Men's Curling Championship. The next two teams in the A division and top two teams in the B division, not including the hosts, Finland, who automatically qualify, qualified for the 2020 World Qualification Event.

Seven women's teams qualified for the 2020 World Women's Curling Championship. The next two teams in the A division and top two teams in the B division, not including the hosts, Finland, who automatically qualify, qualified for the 2020 World Qualification Event.

Helsingborg
Helsingborg (/ˈhɛlsɪŋbɔːrɡ/, US also /-bɔːr(jə), -bɔːri, ˌhɛlsɪŋˈbɔːri/; Swedish: [hɛlsɪŋˈbɔrj] ⓘ) is a city and the seat of Helsingborg Municipality, Scania (Skåne), Sweden. It is the second-largest city in Scania (after Malmö) and ninth-largest in Sweden, with a population of 151,404 (2024). Helsingborg is the central urban area of northwestern Scania and Sweden's closest point to Denmark: the Danish city Helsingør is clearly visible about 4 km (2.5 mi) to the west on the other side of the Øresund.

Historic Helsingborg, with its many old buildings, is a scenic coastal city. The buildings are a blend of old-style stone-built churches and a 600-year-old medieval fortress (Kärnan) in the city centre, and more modern commercial buildings. The streets vary from wide avenues to small alley-ways. Kullagatan, the main pedestrian shopping street in the city, was the first pedestrian shopping street in Sweden.
Conrad Swan
Sir Conrad Marshall John Fisher Swan KCVO FSA (13 May 1924 – 10 January 2019) was a Canadian-British herald who was a long-serving officer of arms at the College of Arms in London. Having been first appointed to work at the College in 1962, he rose to the office of Garter Principal King of Arms in 1992, a position he held until 1995. He was the first Canadian ever to be appointed to the College of Arms.

Officer of arms
An officer of arms is a person appointed by a sovereign or state with authority to perform one or more of the following functions:

to control and initiate armorial matters;

to arrange and participate in ceremonies of state;

to conserve and interpret heraldic and genealogical records.
Irwin Schiff
Irwin Allen Schiff (/ʃɪf/; February 23, 1928 – October 16, 2015) was an American libertarian and tax resistance advocate known for writing and promoting literature in which he argued that the way in which the income tax in the United States is enforced upon individuals, as a tax on one's time or wages, is illegal and unconstitutional. Judges in several civil and criminal cases ruled in favor of the federal government and against Schiff. As a result of these judicial rulings Schiff was in a hospital prison serving a sentence of 162 months (13.5 years) at the time of his death.

Schiff was the father of businessman and former United States Senate candidate Peter Schiff.

Tax resistance
Tax resistance (also known as a tax strike or tax revolt) is the refusal to pay tax because of opposition to the government that is imposing the tax, or to government policy, or as opposition to taxation in itself. Tax resistance is a form of direct action and, if in violation of the tax regulations, also a form of civil disobedience. Tax resisters are distinct from "tax protesters", who deny that the legal obligation to pay taxes exists or applies to them. Tax resisters may accept that some law commands them to pay taxes but they still choose to resist taxation.

Examples of tax resistance campaigns include those advocating home rule, such as the Salt March led by Mahatma Gandhi, and those promoting women's suffrage, such as the Women's Tax Resistance League. War tax resistance is the refusal to pay some or all taxes that pay for war and may be practiced by conscientious objectors, pacifists, or those protesting against a particular war.