hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
XIII Corps (United Kingdom)
13th Corps was a corps-sized formation of the British Army that fought on the Western Front during the First World War and was reformed for service during the Second World War, serving in the Mediterranean and Middle East throughout its service.

Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)
Lieutenant general (Lt Gen), formerly more commonly lieutenant-general, is a senior rank in the British Army and the Royal Marines. It is the equivalent of a multinational three-star rank; some British lieutenant generals sometimes wear three-star insignia, in addition to their standard insignia, when on multinational operations.

Lieutenant general is a superior rank to major general, but subordinate to a (full) general. The rank has a NATO rank code of OF-8, equivalent to a vice-admiral in the Royal Navy and an air marshal in the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the air forces of many Commonwealth countries.

The rank insignia for both the Army and the Royal Marines is a crown over a crossed sabre and baton. During the reign of Elizabeth II, the St Edward's Crown, commonly known as the Queen's Crown, was depicted. Before 1953, and again since the accession of Charles III in 2022, the Tudor Crown has been used.
Giacomo Rampini
Giacomo Rampini (1680 – 27 May 1760) was an Italian composer of operas, oratorios, and sacred music.

Rampini was born and died in Padua.  He was appointed the maestro di cappella of Padua Cathedral in 1704, and held the position until his death, at which time Andrea Adolfati took over the post. Two of Rampini's operas were successfully premiered at the Teatro Sant'Angelo in Venice, Armida in Damasco (17 October 1711) and La gloria trionfante d'amore (16 November 1712).

Rampini was the namesake and music instructor of his nephew, composer and organist Giacomo Rampini (died 15 November 1811), who held the post of maestro di cappella at the Udine Cathedral.

Kapellmeister
Kapellmeister (/kəˈpɛlmaɪstər/ kə-PEL-my-stər, US also /kɑːˈ-/ kah-, German: [kaˈpɛlˌmaɪstɐ] ⓘ), from Kapelle ('chapel') and Meister ('master'), literally 'master of the chapel choir', is a word of German origin that designates the leader of an ensemble of musicians. Originally used to refer to somebody in charge of music in a chapel, the term has evolved considerably in its meaning and is today used for denoting the leader of a musical ensemble, often smaller ones used for TV, radio, and theatre.
Jinger Vuolo
Jinger Nicole Vuolo (née Duggar; born December 21, 1993; /ˈdʒɪndʒər/ JIN-jər) is an American television personality and author. She is known for her television appearances on TLC reality shows 19 Kids and Counting (2008–2015) and Counting On (2015–2021).

She also co-authored a book with her sisters Jana, Jill and Jessa titled Growing Up Duggar: It's All About Relationships.

TLC (TV network)
TLC is an American premium multinational cable and satellite television network owned by the Networks division of Warner Bros. Discovery. First established in 1980 as The Learning Channel, it initially focused on educational and instructional programming. By the late 1990s, after an acquisition by Discovery, Inc. earlier in the decade, the network began to pivot towards reality television programming—predominantly focusing on programming involving lifestyles and personal stories—to the point that the previous name with "The Learning Channel" spelled out was phased out in favor of its initialism.

As of November 2023, with its programming primarily dedicated to the nine-series 90 Day Fiancé universe, comprising 31% of the shows carried by the channel, TLC is available to approximately 71,000,000 pay television households in the United States—down from its 2011 peak of 100,000,000 households.
COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania
The COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania was a part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Tanzania in March 2020.

The Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children in The United Republic Of Tanzania uses the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) strategy to monitor reportable diseases and conditions to detect and respond to the leading causes of illness, death, and disabilities. Subsequently, reports of the spread of the virus have been actively gathered over the years and relevant policies put in place as situations unfold.

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention
The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) is a public health agency of the African Union to support the public health initiatives of member states and strengthen the capacity of their health institutions to deal with disease threats. The idea of an African CDC was proposed by the government of Ethiopia in 2013, during a TB/HIV special summit in Abuja, Nigeria. From 2013 to 2016, the modalities and statute of Africa CDC were developed, and the specialized agency was officially launched in January 2017.

The agency is headquartered in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Pakistan Army Aviation Corps
The Pakistan Army Corps of Aviation is a military administrative and combined arms service branch of the Pakistan Army. The Aviation Corps is tasked with configuration of all army aviation aircraft and provides principle close aerial combat support and aerial logistics for the Pakistan Army.

Artillery observer
An artillery observer, artillery spotter, or forward observer (FO) is a soldier responsible for directing artillery and mortar fire support onto a target. An artillery observer usually accompanies a tank or infantry unit. Spotters ensure that indirect fire hits targets which those at a fire support base cannot see.
Maryland Route 521
Maryland Route 521 (MD 521) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland.  Known as Hunting Creek Road, the state highway runs 4.43 miles (7.13 km) from Lowery Road near Huntingtown north to MD 524 in Huntingtown.  MD 521 was constructed in the early 1930s.

Huntingtown, Maryland
Huntingtown, established 1683, is a census-designated place (CDP) in Calvert County, Maryland, United States. The population was 3,311 at the 2010 census, up from 2,436 in 2000. Many large estate homes have recently been built in small developments off routes 2/4. It has a public high school called Huntingtown High. The Calverton School is located just south of the town center. State-operated commuter buses and private vanpools carry residents to Washington.
Batuli, Punjab
Batuli is a village in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab State, India. It is situated on Gosal-Batuli road and located 4.3 kilometres (2.7 mi) away from Banga, 26 kilometres (16 mi) from Phagwara, 16.6 kilometres (10.3 mi) from district headquarter Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar and 108 kilometres (67 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district
Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district is one of twenty-three districts of state of Punjab, India. It is located in Doaba region. It consists of three subdivisions, Nawanshahr, Banga, and Balachaur.
There are three legislative seats in the district, Nawanshahr, Balachaur and Banga. They fall under the Anandpur Sahib Lok Sabha Constituency. Nawanshahr, the district headquarters is about 92 kilometres (57 mi) from Chandigarh, the state's capital.

As of 2011, it is the third least populous district of Punjab (out of 22), after Barnala and Fatehgarh Sahib.
2003 Epsom Derby
The 2003 Epsom Derby was a horse race which took place at Epsom Downs on Saturday 7 June 2003. It was the 224th running of the Derby, and it was won by Kris Kin. The winner was ridden by Kieren Fallon and trained by Sir Michael Stoute. The pre-race favourite Refuse To Bend finished thirteenth.

Epsom Downs Racecourse
Epsom Downs is a Grade 1 racecourse in a hilly area near Epsom in Surrey, England which is used for thoroughbred horse racing. The "Downs" referred to in the name are part of the North Downs.

The course has a crowd capacity of 130,000 including people watching from the Epsom Downs, an area freely open to the public. The course is best known for hosting the Derby Stakes, which has come to be widely referred to as The Derby or as the Cazoo Derby for sponsorship reasons, the United Kingdom's premier thoroughbred horse race for three-year-old colts and fillies, over a mile and a half (2400 m). It also hosts the Oaks Stakes (also widely referred to as The Oaks) for three-year-old fillies, and the Coronation Cup for horses aged four years and upwards. All three races are Group 1 races and run over the same course and distance.

The Chairman of the course since 2022 is Brian Finch.  The course is operated by the Jockey Club.  Queen Elizabeth II attended the Derby in most years of her reign.
Gouin (electoral district)
Gouin (French pronunciation: [ɡwɛ̃]) is a provincial electoral district in the Montreal region of the province of Quebec, Canada that elects members to the National Assembly of Quebec. It consists of part of the Rosemont–La Petite-Patrie borough of Montreal. The riding covers the neighbourhoods of La Petite-Patrie and Parc Molson, plus a small part of Vieux-Rosemont.

It was created for the 1966 election from parts of Montréal-Laurier and Montréal–Jeanne-Mance.

Its territory was unchanged during the switch from the 2001 to the 2011 electoral map.

It is named after former Quebec Premier, Lomer Gouin, who was in power from 1905 to 1920.

Montréal-Laurier
Montréal-Laurier (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃ʁeal loʁje]) was a former provincial electoral district in the Montreal region of Quebec, Canada that elected members to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.

It was created for the 1912 election from part of Hochelaga electoral district.  Its final election was in 1962.  It disappeared in the 1966 election and its successor electoral district was Laurier.
Artman
Artman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carl J. Artman, American politician

Corrie Artman (1907–1970), American football player

Wayne Artman (1936–2006), American sound engineer

Carl J. Artman
Carl Joseph Artman, III (born March 15, 1965) is an Oneida government official who served as the United States Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Indian Affairs with jurisdiction over the Office of Indian Affairs, Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Bureau of Indian Education from 2007 to 2008, and he served as the Associate Solicitor for Indian Affairs at the Department of the Interior from 2005 to 2007.
Ernest J. Kump
Ernest J. Kump Jr. FAIA (December 29, 1911 – November 4, 1999), was an American architect, author, and inventor based in Palo Alto, California. He was widely recognized for his innovations in school planning having designed over 100 public schools in California and 22 community and junior colleges around the world. Kump's most notable projects include Fresno City Hall (1940), the U.S. embassy in Seoul, Korea (1957), and Foothill College in Los Altos, California.

Junior college
A junior college is a type of post-secondary institution that offers vocational and academic training that is designed to prepare students for either skilled trades and technical occupations or support roles in professions such as engineering, accountancy, business administration, nursing, medicine, architecture, and criminology. Often times, those types of colleges offer two-year associate's degrees that are intended for students that want to later transfer to a college for a four-year bachelor's degree to finish their undergraduate education, pending adequate grades. Students typically attend those types of colleges for one to three years, which is also dependent on the country.
Berberis pimana
Berberis pimana is a species of the genus Berberis in the family Berberidaceae. It is native to a mountainous region of the Sierra Madre Occidental in the Mexican states of Chihuahua and Sonora.

Type locale for B. pimana is the village of Nabogame, 18 km northwest of Yepachic, Chihuahua. Nabogame is inhabited by people of the indigenous group known as the Mountain Pima or Pima Bajo. Berberis pimana grows in moist, shaded areas, mostly along streambanks. The people sometimes eat the sour-tasting berries.

Berberis pimana is a deciduous shrub up to 1.5 m tall, with compound leaves thinner than those of most evergreen species of the genus. It has red, ellipsoid berries each with several yellow or red seeds. It is related to Berberis moranensis Schult. & Schult.f.

The compound leaves place this species in the group sometimes segregated as the genus Mahonia.

Berberidaceae
The Berberidaceae are a family of 18 genera of flowering plants commonly called the barberry family. This family is in the order Ranunculales. The family contains about 700 known species, of which the majority are in the genus Berberis. The species include trees, shrubs and perennial herbaceous plants.
Battle of Oberwald
Battle of Oberwald occurred on 13–14 August 1799 between French forces commanded by General of Division Jean Victor Tharreau and elements of Prince Rohan's corps in southern Switzerland. The Austrian regiment was commanded by Colonel Gottfried von Strauch.  Both sides engaged approximately 6,000 men. The French lost 500 killed, wounded or missing, and the Austrians lost 3,000 men and two guns. Oberwald is a village in Canton Valais, at the source of the Rhône River, between Grimsel and Furka passes.

Furka Pass
Furka Pass (German: Furkapass; French: Col de la Furka) is a 2,429 m (7,969 ft) high mountain pass in the southern Swiss Alps connecting Gletsch, Valais with Realp, Uri via the seasonal Furkapassroute. The Furka Oberalp Bahn bypasses the pass through the 1,390 m (4,560 ft) high Furka Base Tunnel, which opened in 1982 to replace the seasonal Furka Summit Tunnel at 2,160 metres (7,090 ft).

The Furka Pass was used as a location in the James Bond film Goldfinger, a curve of which is marked as "James Bond Strasse", complete with lookout point and small parking area. Near the western summit of the pass is the Hotel Belvédère; a short walk from it leads to the Rhône Glacier Ice Grotto. The glacier moves 30–40 metres a year, and the 100 metre long tunnel and ice chamber are due to climate disruption closed for ever.
Roger Anderson
Roger Cole Anderson (November 11, 1942 – March 21, 2018) was an American football defensive tackle who played four seasons with the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL). He played  college football at Virginia Union. He was drafted by the Giants in the 7th round of the 1964 NFL draft and the San Diego Chargers in the 7th round of the 1964 AFL draft, and chose to sign with the Giants. A two-way player in college, Anderson was the primary right tackle for the Giants in his rookie season. The next season, he switched to defensive tackle and played in eight games. In 1966, after being cut by the Atlanta Falcons, he signed with the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League (CFL). Anderson returned to the Giants during the 1967 season to play defensive tackle after the team suffered multiple injuries. Later in his career, he played for the Norfolk Neptunes of the Atlantic Coast Football League (ACFL) and the Florida Blazers of the World Football League (WFL).

1964 American Football League draft
The 1964 American Football League draft was held in New York City on Saturday, November 30, 1963.

The first selection was quarterback John Concannon of Boston College, taken by the Boston Patriots. The NFL draft was held two days later in Chicago.
Integrin alpha X
CD11c, also known as Integrin, alpha X (complement component 3 receptor 4 subunit) (ITGAX), is a gene that encodes for CD11c  .

CD11c is an integrin alpha X chain protein. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. This protein combines with the beta 2 chain (ITGB2) to form a leukocyte-specific integrin referred to as inactivated-C3b (iC3b) receptor 4 (CR4). The alpha X beta 2 complex seems to overlap the properties of the alpha M beta 2 integrin in the adherence of neutrophils and monocytes to stimulated endothelium cells, and in the phagocytosis of complement coated particles.

CD11c is a type I transmembrane protein found at high levels on most human dendritic cells, but also on monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and some B cells that induces cellular activation and helps trigger neutrophil respiratory burst; expressed in hairy cell leukemias, acute nonlymphocytic leukemias, and some B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias.

Monocyte
Monocytes are a type of leukocyte or white blood cell. They are the largest type of leukocyte in the blood and can differentiate into macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells. As a part of the vertebrate innate immune system monocytes also influence adaptive immune responses and exert tissue repair functions.  There are at least three subclasses of monocytes in human blood based on their phenotypic receptors.
Maritime Law Enforcement Specialist
The Maritime Enforcement Specialist (ME) rating is the uniformed law enforcement specialist of the United States Coast Guard. Responsible for law enforcement and force protection, these personnel are trained in traditional maritime law enforcement, anti-terrorism, force protection, port security and safety, and unit-level training.

Port security
Port security is part of a broader definition concerning maritime security. It refers to the defense, law and treaty enforcement, and Counterterrorism activities that fall within the port and maritime domain. It includes the protection of the seaports themselves and the protection and inspection of the cargo moving through the ports. Security risks related to ports often focus on either the physical security of the port, or security risks within the maritime supply chain.

Internationally, port security is governed by rules issued by the International Maritime Organization and its 2002 International Ship and Port Facility Security Code.  Additionally, some United States–based programs have become de facto global port security programs, including the Container Security Initiative and the Customs Trade Partnership against Terrorism. However, some businesses argue that port security governance measures are ineffective and costly and that it negatively impacts maritime transport costs.
Jewish anti-racism
Jewish anti-racism is Jewish opposition to racism. Significant numbers of Jewish anti-racism activists have participated in a variety of anti-racist movements, including the American civil rights movement, the South African anti-apartheid movement, and the international Palestinian solidarity movement.

Anti-racism
Anti-racism encompasses a range of ideas and political actions which are meant to counter racial prejudice, systemic racism, and the oppression of specific racial groups. Anti-racism is usually structured around conscious efforts and deliberate actions which are intended to create equal opportunities for all people on both an individual and a systemic level. As a philosophy, it can be engaged in by the acknowledgment of personal privileges, confronting acts as well as systems of racial discrimination and/or working to change personal racial biases. Major contemporary anti-racism efforts include the Black Lives Matter movement and workplace anti-racism.
Adam Rubin
Adam Rubin is a #1 New York Times best selling author of children's books. Many of his stories feature animals or food and several contain interactive elements. His books have sold over one million copies. Rubin graduated from the Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts at Washington University in St. Louis where he studied visual communications and worked as an advertising creative director for ten years before leaving his day job to focus on writing books. Adam also has a background in Improv where he taught classes at iO Theater in Chicago and in New York at the Annoyance Theatre. In addition to writing and improv, he also curates and designs puzzles and magic tricks.

IO Theater
iO, or iO Chicago, (formerly known as ImprovOlympic) is an improv theater and training center in central Chicago. The theater teaches and hosts performances of improvisational comedy. It was founded in 1981 by Del Close and Charna Halpern. The theater has many notable alumni, including Amy Poehler and Stephen Colbert.

The iO Theater formerly had a branch in Los Angeles called iO West (1997-2018), and in Raleigh, North Carolina called iO South. The Chicago center closed briefly in 2020, but reopened on November 3, 2022.
John M. Miller (artist)
John M. Miller (born 1939) is an American painter. Born in Lebanon, Pennsylvania, he received a BFA in 1967 from San Diego State University and his MFA from Claremont Graduate School in 1972. Art critic Christopher Knight writing in 1995, called Miller "among the most important abstract painters working today." He is a two-time recipient of a National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship in Painting (1987 and 1993), and his works are in the permanent collections of museums such as the J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art and the Carnegie Museum of Art.

Carnegie Museum of Art
The Carnegie Museum of Art is an art museum in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. The museum was originally known as the Department of Fine Arts, Carnegie Institute and was located at what became the Main Branch of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh. The museum's first gallery was opened for public viewing on November 5, 1895. Over the years, the gallery vastly increased in size, with a new building on Forbes Avenue built in 1907. In 1963, the name was officially changed to Museum of Art, Carnegie Institute. The size of the gallery has tripled over time, and it was officially renamed in 1986 to "Carnegie Museum of Art" to indicate it clearly as one of the four Carnegie Museums.
Mérida cable car frog
The Mérida cable car frog (Pristimantis telefericus), also known as the Teleférico rubber frog, is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to the Cordillera de Mérida in Venezuela. It is known from near two stations (La Aguada and Loma Redonda) of the Mérida cable car in the Libertador Municipality, Mérida.

Libertador Municipality, Mérida
The Libertador Municipality is one of the 23 municipalities (municipios) that makes up the Venezuelan state of Mérida and, according to a 2007 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, the municipality has a population of 232,011.  The city of Mérida is the shire town of the Libertador Municipality. The municipality is one of a number in Venezuela named "Libertador Municipality", in honour of Venezuelan independence hero Simón Bolívar.
Asus P535
The Asus P535 is a high performance Pocket PC(PPC) that was designed for business managers. It was launched by ASUSTeK Computer Inc. in November, 2006. At first, the Asus P535 ran with Microsoft Windows Mobile 5.0. However, it is upgradable to Windows Mobile 6.5.

Windows Mobile 6.5
Windows Mobile 6.5 is a version of Windows Mobile released on May 11, 2009 to manufacturers and October 6, 2009 to consumers. It was a stopgap update to Windows Mobile 6.1, and includes some significant new added features such as a revamped GUI, a new Today screen resembling that of Microsoft's Zune player with vertically scrollable labels (called 'Titanium'). WM6.5 also included the Internet Explorer Mobile 6 browser, with an improved interface. It was the final major operating system under the Windows Mobile brand as it was succeeded in 2010 by the revamped Windows Phone 7.