hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Protohistory of West Virginia
The protohistoric period of the state of West Virginia in the United States began in the mid-sixteenth century with the arrival of European trade goods. Explorers and colonists brought these goods to the eastern and southern coasts of North America and were brought inland by native trade routes. This was a period characterized by increased intertribal strife, rapid population decline, the abandonment of traditional life styles, and the extinction and migrations of many Native American groups.

Written accounts of the area begin by the late seventeenth or early eighteenth century with the scattered documentation and journals of early explorers. These accounts frequently portray a sparsely inhabited area, possibly due to the Iroquois wars to monopolize the European fur trade or the devastating effects of new diseases introduced by Europeans.

Holston River
The Holston River is a 136-mile (219 km) river that flows from Kingsport, Tennessee, to Knoxville, Tennessee. Along with its three major forks (North Fork, Middle Fork and South Fork), it comprises a major river system that drains much of northeastern Tennessee, southwestern Virginia, and northwestern North Carolina. The Holston's confluence with the French Broad River at Knoxville marks the beginning of the Tennessee River.
Listeria ivanovii
Listeria ivanovii is a species of bacteria in the genus Listeria. The listeria are rod-shaped bacteria, do not produce spores, and become positively stained when subjected to Gram staining. Of the six bacteria species within the genus, L. ivanovii is one of the two pathogenic species (the other being L. monocytogenes). In 1955 Bulgaria, the first known isolation of this species was found from sheep. It behaves like L. monocytogenes, but is found almost exclusively in ruminants (mainly sheep). The species is named in honor of Bulgarian microbiologist Ivan Ivanov. This species is facultatively anaerobic, which makes it possible for it to go through fermentation when there is oxygen depletion.

Microbiologist
A microbiologist (from Greek μῑκρος) is a scientist who studies microscopic life forms and processes. This includes study of the growth, interactions and characteristics of microscopic organisms such as bacteria, algae, fungi, and some types of parasites and their vectors. Most microbiologists work in offices and/or research facilities, both in private biotechnology companies and in academia. Most microbiologists specialize in a given topic within microbiology such as bacteriology, parasitology, virology, or immunology.
Ministry of Development Cooperation (Norway)
The Norwegian Ministry of Development Cooperation (Norwegian: Departementet for utviklingshjelp, DUH) was a Norwegian ministry effective from 1 January 1984 and disestablished 31 December 1989. From 1 January 1990 the ministry was included as a department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Reidun Brusletten served as the Minister of Development Cooperation from 1984 to 1986, Vesla Vetlesen from 1986 to 1988, Kirsti Kolle Grøndahl from 1988 to 1989, and Tom Vraalsen from 1989.

Vesla Vetlesen
Gunvor "Vesla" Vetlesen (née Hansen, 19 October 1930 – 21 August 2024) was a Norwegian weaver, trade unionist, writer and politician for the Labour Party. She was Minister of International Development from 1986 to 1988.
The Assassin (play)
The Assassin is a 1945 play by the American writer Irwin Shaw. It was inspired by the assassination of the Vichy French official Admiral François Darlan in 1942.

The play premiered at the Pavilion Theatre, Bournemouth before transferring to the Savoy Theatre in London's West End, running for 74 performances between March 22 and June 2, 1945. The original London cast included Henry Oscar, Barry Morse, Leslie Perrins, Charles Quatermaine and Rosalyn Boulter. It was first performed on Broadway at the National Theatre in October of the same year, but lasted for only 13 performances.

Rosalyn Boulter
Rosalyn Boulter  (1 February 1917 – 6 March 1997) was an English stage and screen actress. She married Stanley Haynes, a film writer, director and producer, before having a daughter together, Carol, in 1943.

Between 1935 and 1936 Boulter featured in four West End productions shortly followed by her first two films, a romantic comedy called Love at Sea (1936) and a thriller called Holiday's End (1937). In 1937, she toured the UK and made her Broadway debut, playing the lead in the West End hit George and Margaret. Boulter died on 6 March 1997 in Santa Barbara, California, United States.
Nikkō Wakiōkan
Nikkō Wakiōkan (日光脇往還) was established during the Edo period as a subroute to connect Hachiōji with Nikkō. The route stretches approximately 160 km (99 mi) and, at various points, is called the Nikkōdō. Because it is an alternate route to the Nikkō Kaidō, other names are Nikkō Wakikaidō, Nikkō Hinoban Kaidō, Sennindōshin Kaidō, Hachiōji Kaidō and Tatebayashidō.

Hachiōji
Hachiōji (八王子市, Hachiōji-shi) is a city located in the western portion of the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. As of 31 March 2021, the city has an estimated population of 561,344, and a population density of 3,000 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 186.38 km2 (71.96 sq mi). It is the most populous city in Tokyo outside of the special wards.
In 2015, it was designated as a core city for the first time in Tokyo. It was the second city in Tokyo Prefecture (present-day Tokyo) to implement the municipal system after Tokyo City (present-day Tokyo's 23 wards).
1978 Transamerica Open
The 1978 Transamerica Open, also known as the Pacific Coast Championships, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Cow Palace in San Francisco, California in the United States. The event was part of the 1978 Grand Prix circuit and Barry MacKay was the tournament director. It was the 90th edition of the tournament and ran from September 25 through October 2, 1978. The singles event had a field of 64 players. Eighth-seeded John McEnroe won the singles title and $24,000 first prize money.

Cow Palace
The Cow Palace (originally the California State Livestock Pavilion) is an indoor arena and events center located in Daly City, California, situated on the city's northern border with neighboring San Francisco. Because the border passes through the property, a portion of the upper parking lot is in San Francisco.

The venue first opened in 1941, and has hosted a range of events such as sports, concerts, conventions, trade shows, and political rallies.
Philodemus (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Philodemus (Ancient Greek: Φιλόδημος Philodēmos means 'love of the people, friend of the commons') was one of the suitors of Penelope who came from Dulichium along with other 56 wooers. He, with the other suitors, was slain by Odysseus with the aid of Eumaeus, Philoetius, and Telemachus.

Dulichium
Dulichium (/d(j)ʊˈlɪkiəm/ dew-LICK-ee-əm; Ancient Greek: Δουλίχιον, Doulíkhion), also called Dolicha (/ˈdɒlɪkə/ DOLL-ick-ə; Δολίχα, Dolíkhā) or Doliche (/ˈdɒlɪˌkiː/ DOLL-ih-KEE; Δολίχη, Dolíkhē), was a place noted by numerous ancient writers that was either a city on, or an island off, the Ionian Sea coast of Acarnania, Greece.
2024 Empire Slovak Open – Doubles
Amina Anshba and Anastasia Dețiuc were the defending champions but chose to compete in Prague instead.

Veronika Erjavec and Tamara Zidanšek won the title, defeating Dalila Jakupović and Sabrina Santamaria in the final, 6–4, 6–4.

Veronika Erjavec
Veronika Erjavec (born 30 December 1999) is a Slovenian professional tennis player. She has a career-high WTA singles ranking of No. 98, achieved on 27 October 2025 and a best doubles ranking of No. 101, achieved on 15 September 2025. She is currently the No. 1 singles player from Slovenia.

Erjavec has won one WTA Tour title in doubles at the 2025 Iași Open, with Panna Udvardy. She also earned four WTA Challenger doubles titles.
Alex Ducker
Alex Ducker (born (1993-03-15)15 March 1993) is an English  professional rugby union and rugby league player who plays as a winger or full back.  He is currently playing back at Camborne. He previously played for Plymouth Albion from 2019 until 2022.  An extremely gifted try scorer who can also kick points, he is most comfortable on the wing but can also play at full back.  During his career he has led a nomadic existence which has seen him play for all of the top club sides in Cornwall including a stint with the Cornish Pirates.  Ducker has been capped by the Cornwall senior rugby union side and has played summer rugby league with the Cornish Rebels, as well as experiencing Premiership Rugby Sevens with the Exeter Chiefs.

Plymouth Albion R.F.C.
Plymouth Albion Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club who play in Plymouth, England. The present club was founded in 1920 from a merger between Plymouth RFC (founded 1876) and Devonport Albion RFC (founded 1876). Since 2003 they have played their home games at The Brickfields stadium. Albion's traditional strip and club colours are white, cherry and green.

After thirteen seasons in the second tier of English rugby union, Plymouth Albion finished last in the 2014–15 RFU Championship, and currently play in National League 1.
Endurance (aeronautics)
In aviation, endurance is the maximum length of time that an aircraft can spend in cruising flight. In other words, it is the amount of time an aircraft can stay in the air with one load of fuel. Endurance is different from range, which is a measure of distance flown. For example, a typical sailplane exhibits high endurance characteristics but poor range characteristics.

Endurance can be defined as:

where W stands for fuel weight, F for fuel flow, and t for time.

Endurance can factor into aviation design in a number of ways. Some aircraft, such as the P-3 Orion or U-2 spy plane, require high endurance characteristics as part of their mission profile (often referred to as loiter time (on target)). Endurance plays a prime factor in finding out the fuel fraction for an aircraft.
Endurance, like range, is also related to fuel efficiency; fuel-efficient aircraft will tend to exhibit good endurance characteristics.

Glider (sailplane)
A glider or sailplane is a type of glider aircraft used in the leisure activity and sport of gliding (also called soaring). This unpowered aircraft can use naturally occurring currents of rising air in the atmosphere to gain altitude. Sailplanes are aerodynamically streamlined, so they can fly a significant distance forward for a small decrease in altitude.

In North America, the term 'sailplane' is also used to describe this type of aircraft. In other parts of the English-speaking world, the word 'glider' is more common.
Arrajan Castle
Arrajan castle (Persian: قلعه ارجان) is a historical castle located in Behbahan County in Khuzestan Province, The longevity of this fortress dates back to the historical Arrajan town of the Sasanian Empire.

Arrajan
Arrajan (Argan) was a medieval Persian city located between Fars and Khuzestan, which was settled since the civilisation of Elam in the second millennium BCE, and was important from the Sasanian Empire until the 11th century as the capital of a province of the same name that corresponds to present-day Behbahan in Khuzestan province, Iran.

The city was refounded by the Sasanian emperor Kavad I and continued to develop in the Islamic period. Having fertile soil and supplies of water and integrated into a major road system, this small province flourished and reached its peak in the 10th century. It declined by the 11th century as a result of an earthquake and military conflicts.
Aeration
Aeration (also called aerification or aeriation) is the process by which air is circulated through, mixed with or dissolved in a liquid or other substances that act as a fluid (such as soil). Aeration processes create additional surface area in the mixture, allowing greater chemical or suspension reactions.

Egg white
Egg white is the clear liquid (also called the albumen or the glair/glaire) contained within an egg. In chickens, it is formed from the layers of secretions of the anterior section of the hen's oviduct during the passage of the egg. It forms around fertilized or unfertilized egg yolks. The primary natural purpose of egg white is to protect the yolk and provide additional nutrition for the growth of the embryo (when fertilized).
Egg white consists of about 90% water into which about 10% proteins (including albumins, mucoproteins, and globulins) are dissolved. Unlike the yolk, which is high in lipids (fats), egg white contains almost no fat, and carbohydrate content is less than 1%. Egg whites contain about 56% of the protein in the egg. Egg white has many uses in food (e.g. meringue, mousse) as well as many other uses (e.g. in the preparation of vaccines such as those for influenza).
Nighthawk (roller coaster)
Nighthawk was a flying roller coaster located at Carowinds. Constructed by Vekoma, it was located in the Thunder Road section of the park. The roller coaster originally opened as Stealth at California's Great America on April 1, 2000. In 2003, Paramount Parks decided to relocate the roller coaster to Carowinds. It reopened as Borg Assimilator – the first coaster in the world to be themed to Star Trek – on March 20, 2004. After Cedar Fair (now Six Flags) purchased Carowinds in 2006, the Paramount theming was soon removed from the park, and the ride was renamed Nighthawk.

On December 18, 2024, Carowinds announced the permanent closure and removal of the ride.

Vertical loop
The generic roller coaster vertical loop, also known as a loop-the-loop or a loop-de-loop, where a section of track causes the riders to complete a 360 degree turn, is the most basic of roller coaster inversions. At the top of the loop, riders are completely inverted.
Alameda Research
Alameda Research was a cryptocurrency trading firm co-founded in September 2017 by Sam Bankman-Fried and Tara MacAulay. In November 2022, FTX, Alameda's sister cryptocurrency exchange, experienced a solvency crisis, and both FTX and Alameda filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. That same month, anonymous sources told The Wall Street Journal that FTX had lent more than half of its customers' funds to Alameda, which was explicitly forbidden by FTX's terms-of-service.

At Bankman-Fried's trial, Alameda CEO Caroline Ellison testified that she was one of Bankman-Fried's main accomplices in channeling FTX customer funds into Alameda's coffers. In December 2022, Ellison pleaded guilty to two counts of wire fraud and five conspiracy counts involving wire, securities and commodities fraud and money laundering, in relation to her activities at Alameda Research and FTX.

Solvency
Solvency, in finance or business, is the degree to which the current assets of an individual or entity exceed the current liabilities of that individual or entity. Solvency can also be described as the ability of a corporation to meet its long-term fixed expenses and to accomplish long-term expansion and growth. This is best measured using the net liquid balance (NLB) formula. In this formula, solvency is calculated by adding cash and cash equivalents to short-term investments, then subtracting notes payable. There exist cryptographic schemes for both proofs of liabilities and assets, especially in the blockchain space.
Analog Bubblebath Vol 2
Analog Bubblebath Vol 2 is the second extended play record by the electronic music producer and musician Aphex Twin. It is the second release in the Analogue Bubblebath series (although it is spelled "Analog Bubblebath" on this release).

"Aboriginal Mix" (also known as "Digeridoo") was first aired from a DAT tape by Colin Faver on his Kiss FM show Demo DAT section, leading to the EP being released on Faver and Gordon Matthewman's Rabbit City Records in 1991.

Digeridoo was later picked up by R&S Records and released as a single Digeridoo and on the compilation Classics. All three mixes are identical. In August 2015 James uploaded the third track to SoundCloud with the title "Alien Fanny Farts AB2 q".

Classics (Aphex Twin album)
Classics is a 1995 compilation album by the electronic music artist and producer Richard D. James, more commonly known by his pseudonym of Aphex Twin.

The album collects James's early releases, including the Analogue Bubblebath, Digeridoo, and Xylem Tube EPs with a handful of other songs, including remixes of Mescalinum United's "We Have Arrived". It was released by R&S Records following James' success on Warp Records. James was not involved in the release of this compilation.

A remastered version of the album was released on 2 June 2008. The cover for this reissue resembles that of Selected Ambient Works 85–92, albeit with the black and white inverted.
Mitch Ramirez
Mitch Ramirez (born November 3, 1992) is an American professional mixed martial artist. Ramirez currently competes in the lightweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), with a professional record of 8 wins and 3 losses. Ramirez has been a professional since 2019, competing in the Legacy Fighting Alliance (LFA), Dana White’s Contender Series (DWCS) and the UFC. Ramirez is currently unranked in the UFC lightweight division.

Legacy Fighting Alliance
The Legacy Fighting Alliance (LFA) is an American mixed martial arts (MMA) promotion company based in Houston, Texas. It was created as a result of the Legacy Fighting Championship and Resurrection Fighting Alliance merger in 2016.
The Villagers (TV series)
The Villagers was the first English-language drama produced for South African television, first airing in April 1976 on SABC, only four months after television was first broadcast nationwide in South Africa. It was acclaimed at the time for its high quality and was well received by audiences, gaining a cult following in later years. The drama was written by John Cundill and directed by Gray Hofmeyr. It is regarded as the forerunner to the long running South African television series Isidingo, a soap opera also set in a gold mining town on the Witwatersrand.

Gold mining
Gold mining is the extraction of gold by mining.

Historically, gold mining from alluvial deposits used manual separation processes, such as gold panning. The expansion of gold mining to ores that are below the surface has led to more complex extraction processes such as pit mining and gold cyanidation. In the 20th and 21st centuries, large corporations produce the vast majority of the gold mined. However, as a result of the increasing value of gold, there are also millions of small, artisanal miners in many parts of the Global South.

As with all mining, human rights and environmental issues are important issues in the gold mining industry, and can result in environmental conflict. In mines with less regulation, health and safety risks are much higher.
Ramsden Square
Ramsden Square is a square and roundabout located at the intersection of Abbey Road and Duke Street in Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, England. It marks the boundary of the Central and Hindpool wards. Ramsden Square was first laid out in the 1840s to act as a focal point of Sir James Ramsden's master plan for the new town of Barrow, separating its burgeoning industries and commercial core. The centerpiece of the square is a statue of Ramsden himself while it is framed by a number of historic buildings including Barrow Central Library, the National Westminster Bank Building and formerly the Barrow Jute Works.

Hindpool
Hindpool is an area and electoral ward of Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, England. It is bordered by Barrow Island, Central Barrow, Ormsgill, Parkside and the Walney Channel, the local population stood at 5,851 in 2011. The ward covers the entire western half of the town centre and includes Barrow's main shopping district. Other local landmarks include the Furness College Channelside campus, the Dock Museum and the Main Public Library. Hindpool is also home to two stadia - Barrow Raiders' Craven Park and Barrow A.F.C.'s Holker Street.

Whilst still an electoral ward for Barrow Town Council, the ward was combined at a district/ local authority level with Barrow Island and Central wards in April 2023 following formation of the new Westmorland and Furness Local Authority and be named 'Old Barrow'.
Crypt of Saint Erasmus
The crypt of Saint Erasmus is a chapel located inside the cathedral of Saints Erasmus and Marcianus and Santa Maria Assunta in Gaeta, corresponding to the crypt of the basilica. An important example of Neapolitan Baroque architecture, it represents within Gaeta Cathedral the only room unified in style and unchanged in its original layout. The crypt houses the relics of Saints Erasmus of Formia and Marcian of Syracuse, patrons of the city of Gaeta.

Crypt
A crypt (from Ancient Greek  κρύπτη (kryptē) crypta 'vault') is a stone chamber beneath the floor of a church, above ground within a cemetery’s mausoleum or a free-standing outdoor memorial tomb. It typically contains coffins, sarcophagi, or religious relics and sometimes cremation urns.

Originally, crypts were typically found below the main apse of a church, such as at the Abbey of Saint-Germain en Auxerre, but were later located beneath chancel, naves and transepts as well. Occasionally churches were raised high to accommodate a crypt at the ground level, such as St Michael's Church in Hildesheim, Germany.
Yii
Yii is an open source, object-oriented,  component-based MVC PHP web application framework. Yii is pronounced as "Yee" or [ji:] and in Chinese it means "simple and evolutionary" and it can be an acronym for "Yes It Is!".

Component-based software engineering
Component-based software engineering (CBSE), also called component-based development (CBD), is a style of software engineering that aims to construct a software system from components that are loosely coupled and reusable. This emphasizes the separation of concerns among components.

To find the right level of component granularity, software architects have to continuously iterate their component designs with developers. Architects need to take into account user requirements, responsibilities, and architectural characteristics.
Chromogenic photography
Chromogenic photography is photography that works by a chromogen forming a conventional silver image and then replacing it with a dye image. Most films and papers used for color photography today are chromogenic, using three layers, each providing their own subtractive color. Some chromogenic films provide black-and-white negatives, and are processed in standard color developers (such as the  C-41 process). In this case, the dyes are a neutral color.

Subtractive color
Subtractive color or subtractive color mixing predicts the spectral power distribution of light after it passes through successive layers of partially absorbing media. This idealized model is the essential principle of how dyes and pigments are used in color printing and photography, where the perception of color is elicited after white light passes through microscopic "stacks" of partially absorbing media, allowing some wavelengths of light to reach the eye and not others. It is also a concept seen in painting, wherein the colors are mixed or applied in successive layers, though predicting realistic results (such as blue and yellow mixing to produce green instead of gray) requires more complex models such as Kubelka–Munk theory.
2024 FIBA U16 EuroBasket Division C
The 2024 FIBA U16 EuroBasket Division C was the 18th edition of the Division C of the European basketball championship for men's under-16 national teams. The tournament was played in Tirana, Albania, from 9 to 14 July 2024.

FIBA U16 EuroBasket
The FIBA U16 EuroBasket, formerly the FIBA U16 European Championship, and originally the FIBA European Championship for Cadets is an annual men's youth basketball competition contested by the under-16 national teams from FIBA Europe.

The inaugural tournament was in 1971, and was held biennially until 2003. Since 2004, the competition has been played every year. The tournament serves as qualification for the FIBA Under-17 World Cup in odd numbered years. The current champions are Serbia.