hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Engin Alkan
Engin Alkan (born 27 July 1965) is a Turkish actor. He has served at the Istanbul City Theatres as an actor and director. He is best known for hit comedy series 7 Numara.

Between 1984–1989, he studied acting at the Istanbul Municipal Conservatory Theatre Department and Istanbul University State Conservatory Theatre Department. Starting from 1996, he worked as an instructor and head of theatre departments in various acting schools. He still continues acting and directing works at Istanbul City Theatres, which he has been a member of since 1985. He has also worked as a voice actor on the Turkish version of various movies and animations, Papa Smurf in The Smurfs, Samwise Gamgee in The Lord of the Rings, Puss in Boots in Shrek and Braum in League of Legends. He has continued his career by appearing in various cinema and television productions.

Istanbul University State Conservatory
The Istanbul University State Conservatory (Turkish: İstanbul Üniversitesi Devlet Konservatuarı) is a public conservatory affiliated with Istanbul University, specializing in music, theatre, and dance, located in Istanbul. It is recognized as the oldest conservatory and the oldest continuously operating music school in Turkey. The university provides music training from secondary school levels up to doctoral studies. Its main building, situated in Kadıköy, is a historical market hall, with the ground floor currently functioning as an active theatre venue.
Henry L. Jost
Henry Lee Jost (December 6, 1873 – July 13, 1950) was an American lawyer and politician.

Orphaned as a child, Jost moved to Missouri as part of the Orphan Train, where he went on to practice law and engage in politics. A Democrat, he served as mayor of Kansas City, Missouri, and was also a member of the United States House of Representatives from Missouri. He was part of the Joe Shannon and Tom Pendergast political machines.

Tom Pendergast
Thomas Joseph Pendergast (July 22, 1872 – January 26, 1945), also known as T. J. Pendergast, was an American political boss who controlled Kansas City and Jackson County, Missouri, from 1925 to 1939.

Pendergast only briefly held elected office, as an alderman, but his capacity as chairman of the Jackson County Democratic Party allowed him to use his large network of Irish family and friends to help the election of politicians, in some cases by voter fraud, and to hand out government contracts and patronage jobs. He became wealthy in the process, but his addiction to gambling, especially horse racing, later led to a large accumulation of personal debts.

In 1939, he was convicted of income tax evasion and served 15 months in a federal prison. The Pendergast organization helped to launch the political career of future president Harry S. Truman, which caused Truman's early enemies to dub him "the senator from Pendergast".
Ugram (battle rifle)
Ugram is a 7.62x51mm battle rifle, designed and developed by the Armament Research and Development Establishment, in collaboration with a private industry partner, Dvipa Defence. It is intended for use by Indian Armed Forces, paramilitary units, and special forces, particularly in counter-insurgency and counter-terrorism operations. The rifle is notable for its fully indigenous design, aiming to reduce reliance on foreign suppliers and align with the "Atmanirbhar Bharat" initiative.

Atmanirbhar Bharat
Atmanirbhar Bharat (translation - Self-Reliant India) is a policy framework in India. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi first used the term "self-reliance" in English in 2014 in discussions of national security, poverty alleviation, and the Digital India initiative. The equivalent Hindi phrase, "Atmanirbhar Bharat" (Self-Reliant India), gained prominence during the announcement of India's economic stimulus package in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.
Rajgir railway station
Rajgir railway station is a railway station serving the city of Rajgir in the Indian state of Bihar. Rajgir is in the Danapur railway division of the East Central Railway zone. Rajgir is well connected with Patna Junction, Harnaut, Jehanabad, Bihar Sharif, Gaya Junction, Islampur, Nawada and Bakhtiyarpur Junction through daily passenger and express train services. It is located near Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya Rajgir Nalanda.

Martin's Light Railways
Martin's Light Railways (MLR) consisted of seven narrow-gauge railway lines in the states of West Bengal, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh in India. The railways were built and owned by Martin & Co., which was a British company. Later, it was being operated by Indian government and was permanently shut down in 1980's.
Ghogare
Ghogare is a small village in Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra state in Western India. The 2011 Census of India recorded a total of 431 residents in the village. Ghogare's geographical area is approximately 573 hectares (1,420 acres).

Ratnagiri district
Ratnagiri district (Marathi pronunciation: [ɾət̪n̪aːɡiɾiː]) is a district in the state of Maharashtra, India. The administrative headquarter of the district is located in the town of Ratnagiri. The district is 11.34% urban. The district is bounded by the Arabian Sea to the west, Sindhudurg district to the south, Raigad district to the north and Satara, Sangli and Kolhapur districts to the east. This district is part of Konkan division.
Desia language
Desia, also known as Desiya, Kotia, Adivasi Odia, Desia Odia or Koraputia, is a language variety of Odia language, spoken in Koraput, Nabarangpur, Rayagada, Malkangiri districts Odisha and in the hilly regions of Vishakhapatnam and Vizianagaram districts of Andhra Pradesh. The variant spoken in Koraput is called Koraputia.

Desia Odia  serves as the lingua franca among the different ethnic groups in the area and is the major regional tribal-non-tribal dialect continuum of the undivided Koraput district of the Southwestern Odisha region.

Voiced retroflex lateral approximant
A voiced retroflex lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɭ ⟩.

A retroflex lateral approximant contrasts phonemically with its voiceless counterpart /ɭ̊ / in Iaai and Toda. In both of these languages it also contrasts with more anterior /l̥, l/, which are dental in Iaai and alveolar in Toda.
Robert Moffat (businessman)
Robert "Bob" Moffat (born 1956) was a senior executive at IBM, the senior vice president of its systems and technology group, and "widely considered" a candidate to be its next CEO. He graduated from Union College in Schenectady, New York.

In October 2009, he and five others were arrested for securities fraud and conspiracy as the first arrests in the wide-ranging Galleon Group insider trading investigation. He pleaded guilty and served six months in prison.

Galleon Group
The Galleon Group was one of the largest hedge fund management firms in the world, managing over $7 billion, before closing in October 2009. The firm was the epicenter of a 2009 insider trading scandal which subsequently led to its fall.

The firm was founded by Ari Arjavalingam, Gary Rosenbach, Krishen Sud, and Raj Rajaratnam, a former equity research analyst and eventual president of Needham & Company, in 1997. The New York headquartered firm was named for the galleon, a large sailing ship used from the 16th to 18th centuries by European traders and explorers, especially from Spain.

The rise and fall of Galleon has been the subject of a number of books including The Billionaire's Apprentice (by Anita Raghavan, a journalist with The Wall Street Journal).
Vyacheslav Kim
Vyacheslav Kim (born June 12, 1969) is a Kazakhstani economist, financier, cofounder, shareholder and chairman of the Board of Directors at Kaspi.kz and President of the Kazakhstan National Taekwondo Federation.

As of 2024, Kim is the wealthiest person in Kazakhstan.

Investor
An investor is a person or entity that allocates financial capital with the expectation of a future return (profit) or to gain an advantage (interest). Through this allocated capital the investor usually purchases some species of property. Types of investments include equity, debt, securities, real estate, infrastructure, currency, commodity, token, derivatives such as put and call options, futures, forwards, etc. This definition makes no distinction between the investors in the primary and secondary markets.  That is, someone who provides a business with capital and someone who buys a stock are both investors.  An investor who owns stock is a shareholder.
Westfields F.C.
Westfields Football Club  is a football team from Hereford, England, formed in 1966 and currently playing in the Hellenic League Premier Division. The club is affiliated to the Herefordshire County FA.

Herefordshire County Football Association
The Herefordshire Football Association, simply known as the Herefordshire FA or HFA, is the governing body of football in the county of Herefordshire. It runs several league and cup competitions in the county.
Nu Mensae
Nu Mensae, Latinized from ν Mensae, is a solitary star situated in the southern circumpolar constellation Mensa. It has an apparent magnitude of 5.76, making it faintly visible to the naked eye. The star is relatively close at a distance of 176 light years but is receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 9.1 km/s.

Nu Mensae has a stellar classification of F0/2 III, indicating that it is a giant star with a spectrum intermediate between that of an F0 and F2 star. The star has an angular diameter of 0.41±0.03 mas, and a radius 2.39 times that of the Sun at its estimated distance. At present it has 169% the mass of the Sun and shines at 11.5 times the luminosity of the Sun at an effective temperature of 6,921 K, giving it a white glow with a yellow tint. Despite an age of 1.7 billion years, Nu Mensae spins rapidly with a projected rotational velocity of 108 km/s and is slightly metal deficient relative to the Sun.

Giant star
A giant star has a substantially larger radius and luminosity than a main-sequence (or dwarf) star of the same surface temperature. They lie above the main sequence (luminosity class V in the Yerkes spectral classification) on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and correspond to luminosity classes II and III. The terms giant and dwarf were coined for stars of quite different luminosity despite similar temperature or spectral type (namely K and M) by Ejnar Hertzsprung in 1905 or 1906.

Giant stars have radii up to a few hundred times the Sun and luminosities over 10  times that of the Sun. Stars still more luminous than giants are referred to as supergiants and hypergiants.

A hot, luminous main-sequence star may also be referred to as a giant, but any main-sequence star is properly called a dwarf, regardless of how large and luminous it is.
Persea lingue
Persea lingue, synonyms including Persea meyeniana, is an evergreen tree or shrub in the laurel family (Lauraceae), found in Argentina and Chile. It belongs to the genus Persea, a group of evergreen trees including the avocado. P. lingue was historically used in leather production, and is currently threatened by habitat loss.

Lauraceae
Lauraceae, or the laurels, is a plant family that includes the true laurel and its closest relatives. This family comprises about 2850 known species in about 45 genera worldwide. They are dicotyledons, and occur mainly in warm temperate and tropical regions, especially Southeast Asia and South America. Many are aromatic evergreen trees or shrubs, but some, such as Sassafras, are deciduous, or include both deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs, especially in tropical and temperate climates. The genus Cassytha is unique in the Lauraceae in that its members are parasitic vines. Many species within the laurel family are highly toxic; however, some, such as the avocado (Persea americana), are edible and widely consumed. Members of the laurel family have played a significant role in the spice trade, particularly genera like Cinnamomum, which produce aromatic oils used extensively in cooking, perfumery, and traditional medicine.
2019 Indian general election in Puducherry
The 2019 Indian general elections was held in seven phases from 11 April to 19 May 2019 to constitute the 17th Lok Sabha. The general election in Puducherry was held on April 18, 2019. The UPA, fielded V. Vaithilingam, of the Indian National Congress, while the National Democratic Alliance fielded AINRC candidate Dr. K. Narayanasamy. Makkal Needhi Maiam fielded Dr. M. A. S. Subramanian and Naam Tamilar Katchi fielded N. Sharmila Beham.

Makkal Needhi Maiam
The Makkal Needhi Maiam (transl.  Centre for People's Justice; abbr. MNM) is an Indian regional political party in the state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherry. The party was founded by Kamal Haasan at Madurai on 21 February 2018. He also unveiled the party flag. The flag is symbolised by six interlocked hands, meant to represent co-operation between the Southern states of India (five States and one UT). Their election symbol is a battery torchlight.

MNM has also launched a mobile whistleblower application named 'Maiam Whistle', open to the public.

This party is estimated to have around 5,500 office bearers at present.
Winnweiler station
Winnweiler station is the station of the town of Winnweiler in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Deutsche Bahn classifies it as a category 6 station and it has two platforms.

It is located on the Alsenz Valley Railway (Alsenztalbahn, Hochspeyer–Bad Münster) and was opened on 29 October 1870 with the first section from Hochspeyer to Winnweiler.

German railway station categories
The approximately 5,400 railway stations in Germany that are owned and operated by the Deutsche Bahn subsidiary DB InfraGO are divided into seven categories, denoting the service level available at the station.

This categorisation influences the amount of money railway companies need to pay to DB Station&Service for using the facilities at the stations.
Aerorozvidka
Aerorozvidka (Ukrainian: Аеророзвідка, "aerial reconnaissance") is a team and NGO that promotes creating and implementing netcentric and robotic military capabilities for the security and defense forces of Ukraine. Aerorozvidka specialises in aerial reconnaissance and drone warfare. It was founded in May 2014 by a team headed by Volodymyr Kochetov-Sukach and including Ukrainian battalion commander Natan Chazin. Kochetkov-Sukach, an investment banker, was killed in 2015 while fighting in the Russo-Ukrainian War. From its beginnings as a group of volunteer drone and IT enthusiasts, Aerorozvidka eventually evolved into a unit of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. It has been termed a "war startup" by the Atlantic Council.

Atlantic Council
The Atlantic Council is an American think tank in the field of international affairs, favoring Atlanticism, founded in 1961 by Christian Herter and William L. Clayton. It manages sixteen regional centers and functional programs related to international security and global economic prosperity. It is headquartered in Washington, DC, and is a member of the Atlantic Treaty Association.
Therr Maitz
Therr Maitz (ter 'meɪts) is a Russian indie band, which brings together a mix of trip-hop, acid jazz, breakbeat, house, disco, funk and pop. It was founded by musician, producer, and composer Anton Belyaev in 2004.

Since 2011, Therr Maitz has been active in concert and touring, participating in major music festivals, releasing music, and participating in film and television projects.

The group was recognized with the award for Most Popular Russian Music Band at the "Event of the Year" ceremony in 2014. The band was also the best selling act on iTunes Russia and Apple Music Russia in 2015, and received the award for Best Russian Artist at the 2016 MTV Europe Music Awards.

2016 MTV Europe Music Awards
The 2016 MTV EMAs (also known as the MTV Europe Music Awards) were held at the Rotterdam Ahoy, in Rotterdam, Netherlands, on 6 November 2016. It was hosted by Bebe Rexha. This was the third time the awards have taken place in the Netherlands, and the second time Rotterdam has been the host city. The awards were held in the same venue as the 1997 MTV EMAs.
Radio Kakanj
Radio Kakanj is a Bosnian local commercial radio station, broadcasting from Kakanj, Bosnia and Herzegovina. This radio station broadcasts a variety of programs such music and local news.

When war in Bosnia and Herzegovina started, Radio Kakanj was founded on 27 April 1992 as local/municipal public radio station. In 2000, radio station was re-registered in Communications Regulatory Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina as private, commercial radio station.

Program is mainly produced in Bosnian language at one FM frequency (Kakanj 87.9 MHz) and it is available in the city of Kakanj as well as in nearby municipalities in Zenica-Doboj Canton and Sarajevo Canton area.

Estimated number of listeners of Radio Kakanj is around 27.221. Radio Kakanj is also available via internet and via IPTV platform in BiH (Moja TV - Channel 240).

Sarajevo Canton
The Sarajevo Canton (Bosnian: Kanton Sarajevo; Croatian: Sarajevska županija; Serbian: Сарајевски кантон) is a federated state and one of the ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its cantonal seat is the city of Sarajevo, also the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The canton is bordered by Republika Srpska to the north and east, Bosnian-Podrinje Canton Goražde to the southeast, Herzegovina-Neretva Canton to the south and southwest, and Central Bosnia Canton to the west.

The Canton represents the metro area of Sarajevo. It contains 97% of the city's population, but a much smaller percentage of the official land area. The majority of the population is Bosniak (83.8%).
Aurahi, Saptari
Aurahi is ward in Dakneshwori Municipality in Saptari District in the Sagarmatha Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 5300 people living in 1153 individual households.

2011 Nepal census
Nepal conducted a widespread national census in 2011 by the Nepal Central Bureau of Statistics. Working in cooperation with the 58 municipalities and the 3,915 Village Development Committees at a district level, they recorded data from all the municipalities and villages of each district. The data included statistics on population size, households, sex and age distribution, place of birth, residence characteristics, literacy, marital status, religion, language spoken, caste/ethnic group, economically active population, education, number of children, employment status, and occupation.
Intestinal atresia
Intestinal atresia is any congenital malformation of the structure of the intestine that causes bowel obstruction. The malformation can be a narrowing (stenosis), absence or malrotation of a portion of the intestine. These defects can either occur in the small or large intestine.

Stenosis
Stenosis (from Ancient Greek  στενός (stenós) 'narrow') is the abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel or other tubular organ or structure such as foramina and canals. It is also sometimes called a stricture (as in urethral stricture).

Stricture as a term is usually used when narrowing is caused by contraction of smooth muscle (e.g. achalasia, Prinzmetal angina); stenosis is usually used when narrowing is caused by lesion that reduces the space of lumen (e.g. atherosclerosis). The term coarctation is another synonym, but is commonly used only in the context of aortic coarctation.

Restenosis is the recurrence of stenosis after a procedure.
Prosper Hochet
Prosper Hochet (26 April 1810 – 18 May 1883) was a French lawyer and senior administrator who was Secretary-General of the Council of State of Louis-Philippe (r. 1830–48) and of the French Second Republic. He served as a deputy in the last years of the July Monarchy.

Conseil d'État
In France, the Conseil d'État ([kɔ̃sɛj deta]; Council of State) is a governmental body that acts both as legal adviser to the executive branch and as the supreme administrative court (one of the two branches of the French judiciary system).  Established in 1799 by Napoleon as a successor to the King's Council (Conseil du Roi), it is located in the Palais-Royal in Paris and is primarily made up of top-level legal officers. The Vice President of the Council of State ranks as the ninth most important civil servant in France.

Members of the Council of State are part of a Grand Corps of the French State (Grand corps de l'État). The Council of State mainly recruits from among the top-ranking students graduating from the École nationale d'administration.
SS Ferret
SS Ferret was an iron screw steamship of 460 tons built in Glasgow (Scotland) in 1871 by J & G Thomson, Glasgow.

The ship was built for G & J Burns of Glasgow for use in the River Clyde ferry service. In 1873, Dingwall & Skye Railway Co Ltd bought it for use on their Strome to Skye ferry service. Later, as part of a merger, it was acquired by Highland Railway Co. of Inverness.

In 1880 the ship was stolen as part of a conspiracy in which it disappeared from its home in Scotland and mysteriously reappeared several months later in Australia under a new name. It remained in Australia for the remainder of its working life.

Dingwall and Skye Railway
The Dingwall and Skye Railway was authorised on 5 July 1865 with the aim of providing a route to Skye and the Hebrides. However, due to local objections, another Act of Parliament was required before work could commence. This was passed on 29 May 1868.

With the exception of the Strathpeffer Branch, the line is still open, being the major section of the Kyle of Lochalsh Line.
Olav Liestøl
Olav Liestøl (24 February 1916 – 3 April 2002) was a Norwegian glaciologist.

He was born in Kristiania (now Oslo) to the folklorist and politician Knut Liestøl, but grew up in Blommenholm. He was a member of Milorg during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany, and took the cand.real. degree at the University of Oslo in 1945.

From 1948 to his retirement in 1986 he worked as a glaciologist at the Norwegian Polar Institute, and was described as "Norway's most recognized glaciologist". He mainly studied the geology of Svalbard, but also Antarctica and elsewhere. From 1985 he was also an adjunct professor at the University of Oslo.

He resided at Blommenholm. He died in April 2002.

Glaciology
Glaciology (from Latin  glacies 'frost, ice' and Ancient Greek  λόγος (logos) 'subject matter'; lit. 'study of ice') is the scientific study of glaciers, or, more generally, ice and natural phenomena that involve ice.

Glaciology is an interdisciplinary Earth science that integrates geophysics, geology, physical geography, geomorphology, climatology, meteorology, hydrology, biology, and ecology. The impact of glaciers on people includes the fields of human geography and anthropology. The discoveries of water ice on the Moon, Mars, Europa and Pluto add an extraterrestrial component to the field, which is referred to as "astroglaciology".