hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jens Martin Knudsen (astrophysicist)
Jens Martin Knudsen (12 October 1930 – 17 February 2005) was a Danish astrophysicist. During his scientific career Knudsen authored or co-authored more than 100 scientific articles, and was a longtime advisor to NASA.

Niels Bohr Institute
The Niels Bohr Institute (Danish: Niels Bohr Institutet) is a research institute of the University of Copenhagen, founded in 1921 by its namesake Niels Bohr. Started as an institute of theoretical physics, it has since expanded to span research in astronomy, geophysics, nanotechnology, particle physics, quantum mechanics, and biophysics, along with the Cosmic Dawn Center dedicated to research in cosmology.
The Woman with Four Faces
The Woman With Four Faces is a lost 1923 American silent crime melodrama film directed by Herbert Brenon and starring Betty Compson. Famous Players–Lasky produced while Paramount Pictures released. The story is based on a play (possibly unproduced), The Woman With Four Faces, by Bayard Veiller.

Herbert Brenon
Herbert Brenon (born Alexander Herbert Reginald St. John Brenon; 13 January 1880 – 21 June 1958) was an Irish-born U.S. film director, actor and screenwriter during the era of silent films through 1940. Brenon was among the early filmmakers who, before the rise of corporate film production, was a genuine "auteur", controlling virtually all creative and technical components in crafting his pictures.
The quality of Brenon's artistic output rivaled that of film pioneer D. W. Griffith.

Brenon was among the first directors to achieve celebrity status among moviegoers for his often spectacular cinematic inventions. Among his most notable films are Neptune's Daughter (1914), Peter Pan (1925), A Kiss for Cinderella (1925), and the original film version of Beau Geste (1926).
Tucson Electric Power
Tucson Electric Power (TEP) is an electric utility company serving southern Arizona in the United States. It is a subsidiary of Fortis, which announced its acquisition of parent company UNS Energy in 2013.

Kino Veterans Memorial Stadium, a baseball stadium on Tucson's south side, was once named Tucson Electric Park for TEP.

Southern Arizona
Southern Arizona is a region of the United States comprising the southernmost portion of the State of Arizona. It sometimes goes by the name Gadsden or Baja Arizona, which means "Lower Arizona" in Spanish.
FortranM
FortranM is a computer language for modular parallel programming. Its syntax is based on Fortran but has additional elements such as channels and ports for communication between processes.

The language was designed by K. Mani Chandy's group at Caltech, along with an Argonne national labs team.
 The compiler for the language is freely available from Argonne labs.

In FortranM processes communicate by sending and receiving messages on channels. Processes and channels can be dynamically created, but programs remain deterministic.

K. Mani Chandy
Kanianthra Mani Chandy (born 25 October 1944) is the Simon Ramo Professor of Computer Science at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). He has been the Executive Officer of the Computer Science Department twice, and he has been a professor at Caltech since 1989. He also served as Chair of the Division of Engineering and Applied Science at the California Institute of Technology.
Patrick Morrisey
Patrick James Morrisey (born December 21, 1967) is an American politician and attorney serving as the 37th governor of West Virginia since 2025. He served as the 34th attorney general of West Virginia from 2013 to 2025. A member of the Republican Party, he was elected state attorney general in 2012, becoming the first Republican in the role since 1933. Morrisey ran for the United States Senate in 2018 and narrowly lost to incumbent Senator Joe Manchin.

Morrisey was elected governor in 2024, defeating Democratic nominee Steve Williams.

Cross-State Air Pollution Rule
The Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR) is a rule by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that requires member states of the United States to reduce power plant emissions that contribute to ozone and/or fine particle pollution in other states. The EPA describes this rule as one that "protects the health of millions of Americans by helping states reduce air pollution and attain clean air standards."
Marine Mammal Stranding Center
The Marine Mammal Stranding Center (established in 1978) is a private non-profit organization located in Brigantine, New Jersey. The Marine Mammal Stranding Center's mission is to rescue, rehabilitate, and release stranded marine mammals and sea turtles. They are the only Federally-authorize marine mammal rescue and rehabilitation hospital in New Jersey. Since 1978, the Marine Mammal Stranding Center has responded to more than 6,325 whales, dolphins, seals, and sea turtles in distress along the New Jersey coastline.

In addition to marine mammal stranding response and rehabilitation, the Marine Mammal Stranding Center operates the Sea Life Museum-an educational facility which includes hands-on exhibits, and offers marine ecology–based educational programs.  The Stranding Center also offers internship programs.

Sea turtle
Sea turtles (superfamily Chelonioidea), sometimes called marine turtles, are reptiles of the order Testudines and of the suborder Cryptodira. The seven existing species of sea turtles are the flatback, green, hawksbill, leatherback, loggerhead, Kemp's ridley, and olive ridley. Five of the seven species are listed as threatened with extinction globally on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The remaining two are not considered to be threatened with extinction, one of which, the flatback turtle, is found only in the waters of Australia, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia.

Sea turtles can be categorized as hard-shelled (cheloniid) or leathery-shelled (dermochelyid). The only dermochelyid species of sea turtle is the leatherback.
Lương Duy Cương
Lương Duy Cương (born 7 November 2001) is a Vietnamese professional footballer who plays as a centre back or a right back for V.League 1 club SHB Đà Nẵng and the Vietnam national team.

At the 2022 AFC U-23 Asian Cup, he was also used as a defensive midfielder.

SHB Da Nang
SHB Đà Nẵng Football Club (Vietnamese: Câu lạc bộ bóng đá SHB Đà Nẵng), simply known as SHB Đà Nẵng, is a Vietnamese professional football club based in Da Nang that plays in V.League 1, the top tier in Vietnamese football.

The club was formerly known as Quang Nam-Da Nang (Vietnamese: Câu lạc bộ Bóng đá Quảng Nam-Đà Nẵng) and won a Vietnamese National League title in 1992. In the 2007–08 season, the club was purchased by the Saigon-Hanoi Commercial Joint Stock Bank (SHB), the club name was changed to SHB Da Nang. The club won its first title in 2009, emerging as 2009 V-League champions and qualifying for the 2010 AFC Champions League. In the same year, they were also champions of the Vietnamese Cup. Adding to these victories, Danang's U-21 team also became champions in 2009 youth championships. The club were champions of the 2012 V-League season.

They currently play their home matches at Chi Lăng Stadium, a dedicated 20,500 capacity football-specific stadium that opened in 2016.
The Loyal General
The Loyal General is a 1679 tragedy by the Irish writer Nahum Tate. It was first performed at the Dorset Garden Theatre by the Duke's Company. The prologue was written by John Dryden.

The original cast included Thomas Betterton as Theocrin, Henry Harris as King, Henry Norris as Theron, Thomas Gillow as Diphilus, Thomas Jevon as Escalus, John Bowman as Pisander, Joseph Williams as Abardanes, Elizabeth Currer as  Queen, Mary Lee as Arviola and Emily Price as Edraste.

Mary Slingsby
Mary, Lady Slingsby, born Aldridge (perhaps died 1693), was an English actress. After a marriage lasting 1670 to 1680 to John Lee, an actor, during which she was on the stage as Mrs. Lee, she was widowed. She then married Sir Charles Slingsby, 2nd Baronet, a nephew of Sir Robert Slingsby, and performed as Lady Slingsby. Theatre historians have pointed out the difficulty in identifying her roles in the period when Elinor Leigh, wife of Anthony Leigh, was performing as Mrs. Leigh, because the homophones "Lee" and "Leigh" were not consistently spelled at the time.
English draughts
Draughts (British English) or checkers (American English), also called straight checkers or chequers, is a form of the strategy board game checkers (or draughts). It is played on an 8×8 checkerboard with 12 pieces per side. The pieces move and capture diagonally forward, until they reach the opposite end of the board, when they are crowned and can thereafter move and capture both backward and forward.

As in all forms of draughts, English draughts is played by two opponents, alternating turns on opposite sides of the board. The pieces are traditionally black, red, or white. Enemy pieces are captured by jumping over them.

The 8×8 variant of draughts was weakly solved in 2007 by a team of Canadian computer scientists led by Jonathan Schaeffer. From the standard starting position, both players can guarantee a draw with perfect play.

Chinook (computer program)
Chinook is a computer program that plays checkers (also known as draughts). It was developed between the years 1989 to 2007 at the University of Alberta, by a team led by Jonathan Schaeffer and consisting of Rob Lake, Paul Lu, Martin Bryant, and Norman Treloar. The program's algorithms include an opening book which is a library of opening moves from games played by checkers grandmasters; a deep search algorithm; a good move evaluation function; and an end-game database for all positions with eight pieces or fewer. All of Chinook's knowledge was programmed by its creators, rather than learned using an artificial intelligence system.
Peltigera canina
Peltigera canina, commonly known as the dog lichen, is a widely distributed species of foliose lichen in the family Peltigeraceae. It was originally described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1753 work Species Plantarum. German botanist Carl Ludwig Willdenow transferred it to the genus Peltigera in 1787. This species is currently undergoing research as it is likely multiple species under one united name.

Carl Ludwig Willdenow
Carl Ludwig Willdenow (22 August 1765 – 10 July 1812) was a German botanist, pharmacist, and plant taxonomist.  He is considered one of the founders of phytogeography, the study of the geographic distribution of plants.  Willdenow was also a mentor of Alexander von Humboldt, one of the earliest and best known phytogeographers. He also influenced Christian Konrad Sprengel, who pioneered the study of plant pollination and floral biology.
Glenwood Caverns Adventure Park
Glenwood Caverns Adventure Park is a summer-themed adventure park located near Glenwood Springs, Colorado. It is located approximately 160 miles (260 km) west of Denver at an altitude of 7,132 ft (2,174 m) and is within the Mountain Standard Time Zone (GMT+7).

In December 2023, Interior Secretary Deb Haaland designated Glenwood Caverns and Iron Mountain Hot Springs as a national landmark.

Aerial tramway
An aerial tramway, aerial tram, sky tram, cable car or aerial cablecar, aerial cableway or ropeway is a type of aerial lift that uses one or two stationary cables for support, with a third moving cable providing propulsion. With this form of lift, the grip of an aerial tramway cabin is fixed onto the propulsion cable and cannot be decoupled from it during operation. Aerial tramways usually provide lower line capacities and longer wait times than gondola lifts.
Kinley Mack
Kinley Mack (foaled 1896 in Montana) was an American National Champion Thoroughbred racehorse whose racing accomplishments included breaking a track record at Sheepshead Bay Race Track and becoming the first horse to ever win both the Brooklyn and the Suburban Handicaps.

Brooklyn Stakes
The Brooklyn Stakes (formerly known as the Brooklyn Handicap) is an American Thoroughbred horse race run at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York, on Long Island.  It currently is a Grade II event open to four-year-olds and up willing to race one and one-half miles on dirt. It was a Grade 1 race prior to 1993.
Irina Khudoroshkina
Irina Alexandrovna Khudoroshkina (Russian: Ирина Александровна Худорошҝина); born October 13, 1968) is a Russian shot putter.

She won the bronze medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. She also finished second at the 1996 European Indoor Championships.

In 2004, she was suspended for a doping offense, her suspension lasting from April 2004 to April 2006.

She returned to finish seventh at the 2006 European Championships and win the silver medal at the 2007 European Indoor Championships. She competed at the 2008 Olympic Games without reaching the final.

Her personal best throw is 20.32 metres, achieved in May 1996 in Sochi. After the turn of the 21st century she has 18.92 metres as her best result, achieved in Moscow 2002 and Tula 2008.

1996 European Athletics Indoor Championships
The 1996 European Athletics Indoor Championships were held at the Globe Arena, Stockholm, the capital city of Sweden from Friday, 8 March to Sunday, 10 March 1996.

This was the first edition to feature women's pole vault.
Yarlagadda Lakshmi Prasad
Yarlagadda Lakshmi Prasad is an Indian writer and politician. He was the Chairman of the A.P. Hindi Academy, Professor in Hindi at Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India, and is a former Rajya Sabha from Andhra Pradesh. In 2019, Andhra Pradesh Government appointed him as the Chairman of three posts namely., ie Andhra Pradesh Official Language Commission, Andhra Pradesh Hindi Academy and Andhra Pradesh Telugu Bhasha Abhivriddhi Samstha.

Following the Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister's proposal to change the name of Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences (NTRUHS) to Dr. YSR University of Health Sciences (YSRUHS), Mr Prasad announced his resignation as the Chairman of all the three posts.
He was sentimentality and emotionally attached to former Chief Minister N. T. Rama Rao.

Andhra University
Andhra University is a public university located in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. It was established in 1926 by the Andhra University Act, 1925 (Madras Act II of 1926). It is graded as an A++ institution by National Assessment and Accreditation Council, receiving a score of 3.74 on a scale of 4.
Westfriedhof (Munich)
The Westfriedhof (West Cemetery) in Munich is situated in the south of the city district of Moosach. The main entrance is at Baldurstraße 28. The cemetery was laid out in 1898; the buildings, by the architect Hans Grässel, were completed in 1902. The Westfriedhof contains over 40,000 grave plots. The monuments in the principal avenue, many of them by the Munich sculptor Heinrich Waderé, are especially imposing.

Hans Grässel
Hans Grässel (August 8, 1860 – March 10 or 11, 1939) was a German architect. Grässel studied and performed almost his entire career in Munich, and as the council architect of the city he created a series of cemeteries of which Munich Waldfriedhof (Munich woodlands cemetery), opened in 1907,  is well known for being the first woodland cemetery. Grässel also wrote a pamphlet on cemetery design, Über Friedhofanlagen und Grabdenkmale (1913). In 1914, he was given the order Pour le Mérite.
Clewer
Clewer /ˈkluːər/ (also known as Clewer Village) is an ecclesiastical parish and an area of Windsor, in the ceremonial county of Berkshire, England. Clewer makes up three wards of the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead, namely Clewer North, Clewer South and Clewer East.

Daniel Gooch
Sir Daniel Gooch, 1st Baronet (24 August 1816 – 15 October 1889) was an English railway locomotive and transatlantic cable engineer. He was the first Superintendent of Locomotive Engines on the Great Western Railway from 1837 to 1864 and its chairman from 1865 until his death in 1889.

Between 1865 and 1885 Gooch was Conservative MP for Cricklade.
Romina Vidal-Russell
Romina Vidal-Russell is an Argentinean botanist who works in the areas of phytogeography, phylogeny, and parasitic plants, and on which she has written extensively. Her papers on the phylogeny of parasitic plants are cited on the APG website, and elsewhere and her collaborations are international. She currently works at the National University of Comahue in Argentina. She earned a Ph.D.  at SIUC with Daniel L. Nickrent as supervisor.

(She has two botanist abbreviations in IPNI: one as a botanist, the other as a mycologist.)

The standard author abbreviation Vidal-Russ. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

The standard author abbreviation Vid.-Russ. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

National University of Comahue
The National University of Comahue (Spanish: Universidad Nacional del Comahue, UNC / UNCo / Uncoma) is an Argentine national university in the region of Comahue with branches in the provinces of Neuquén, Río Negro and Chubut, with a centre in the city of Neuquén and units in Viedma, Bariloche, San Martín de los Andes, Cipolletti, Zapala, Allen, General Roca, Choele Choel, San Antonio Este, Villa Regina, Esquel, Puerto Madryn and Trelew.  It is the largest public university in Argentine Patagonia.

Its university statute (Ordinance # 470/2009) stipulates free admission to all of its programs and ensures freedom of speech for the development of its activities.

As of July 2024 the University has 17 Schools including the School of Languages.
Taylor Elgersma
Taylor Elgersma (born March 27, 2002) is a Canadian professional football quarterback for the Birmingham Stallions of the United Football League (UFL). He played U Sports football for the Wilfrid Laurier Golden Hawks, where he won the Hec Crighton Trophy in 2024 as U Sports' most outstanding football player and the Lois and Doug Mitchell Award as U Sports' top male university athlete.

2025 CFL draft
The 2025 CFL national draft was a selection of national players by Canadian Football League teams that took place on April 29, 2025 at 6:00 pm ET. Seventy-two players were chosen from among eligible players from Canadian Universities across the country, as well as Canadian players playing in the NCAA.
DAV Santa Ana
Deportivo Asociación de Vecinos Santa Ana is a Spanish football team based in Madrid, in the namesake community. Founded in 1974 it plays in Preferente de Aficionados – Group 1, holding home games at Polideportivo Santa Ana, which has a capacity of 2,000 spectators.

Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in the Community of Madrid
The Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in the Community of Madrid, are organized by the Madrid Football Federation:

Primera Autonómica de Aficionados, 2 Groups of 18 teams (Level 6 of the Spanish football pyramid)

Categoría Preferente de Aficionados, 4 Groups of 18 teams (Level 7)

Categoría Primera de Aficionados, 8 Groups of 18 teams (Level 8)

Categoría Segunda de Aficionados, 24 Groups of 16 teams  (Level 9)
Ticket machine
A ticket machine, also known as a ticket vending machine (TVM), is a vending machine that produces paper or electronic tickets, or recharges a stored-value card or smart card or the user's mobile wallet, typically on a smartphone. For instance, ticket machines dispense train tickets  at railway stations, transit tickets at metro stations and tram tickets at some tram stops and in some trams.  Token machines may dispense the ticket in the form of a token which has the same function as a paper or electronic ticket. The typical transaction consists of a user using the display interface to select the type and quantity of tickets and then choosing a payment method of either cash, credit/debit card or smartcard.  The ticket(s) are then printed on paper and dispensed to the user, or loaded onto the user's smartcard or smartphone.

Tram stop
A tram stop, tram station, streetcar stop, or light rail station is a place designated for a tram, streetcar, or light rail vehicle to stop so passengers can board or alight it. Generally, tram stops share most characteristics of bus stops, but because trams operate on rails, they often include railway platforms, especially if stepless entries are provided for accessibility. However, trams may also be used with bus stop type flags and with mid-street pavements as platforms, in street running mode.
Saw Mill Run
Saw Mill Run is a tributary of the Ohio River in Pennsylvania.  It is an urban stream, and lies entirely within Allegheny County, Pennsylvania.  The stream enters the Ohio just downstream from the Forks of the Ohio in Pittsburgh, at a place that was founded as the town of Temperanceville in the 1830s.  It provides an entry through the elevated plateau south of Pittsburgh known as the South Hills, and land transportation has paralleled the stream since the nineteenth century.

The stream is named for an actual saw mill that operated near the mouth of the stream where it empties into the Ohio River. The first reference to the mill is in relation to the construction of Fort Pitt (1759–1761). The mill provided much of the lumber used in the construction of the new Fort, after the British claimed the area from the French and destroyed Fort Duquesne.

Fort Duquesne
Fort Duquesne (/djuː.ˈkeɪn/ dew-KAYN, French: [dykɛːn]; originally called Fort Du Quesne) was a fort established by the French in 1754, at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers. It was later taken over by the British, and later the Americans, and developed as Pittsburgh in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. Fort Duquesne was destroyed by the French before its British conquest during the Seven Years' War, known as the French and Indian War on the North American front. The British replaced it, building Fort Pitt between 1759 and 1761. The site of both forts is now occupied by Point State Park, where the outlines of the two forts have been laid in granite slabs.
Bauriidae
Bauriidae is an extinct family of therocephalian therapsids. Bauriids were the latest-surviving group of therocephalians after the Permian–Triassic extinction event, going extinct in the Middle Triassic. They are among the most advanced eutherocephalians and possess several mammal-like features such as a secondary palate and wide postcanine teeth at the back of the jaws (analogous to mammalian molars). Unlike other therocephalians, bauriids were herbivorous. They were also smaller than earlier members of the group. Two subfamilies are classified within Bauriidae: Nothogomphodontinae and Bauriinae.

Middle Triassic
In the geologic timescale, the Middle Triassic is the second of three epochs of the Triassic period or the middle of three series in which the Triassic system is divided in chronostratigraphy. The Middle Triassic spans the time between 246.7 Ma and 237 Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Early Triassic Epoch and followed by the Late Triassic Epoch. The Middle Triassic is divided into the Anisian and Ladinian ages or stages.

Formerly the middle series in the Triassic was also known as Muschelkalk. This name is now only used for a specific unit of rock strata with approximately Middle Triassic age, found in western Europe. The Ashfield Shale and Bringelly Shale of western Sydney date to this epoch, with the former featuring fluvial fossils from that era.
Digitaria iburua
Digitaria iburua, commonly known as iburu, is a grass species native to west and west-central tropical Africa, which is cultivated as a grain crop known as black fonio.

Iburu (D. iburua) is closely related to white fonio (D. exilis), a cereal that is more widely grown across West Africa. However, Iburu is taller than fonio, but has smaller grain than fonio. This makes harvesting the grains very labor-intensive. Iburu is mainly grown in the Middle Belt of central Nigeria, as well as in Zinder, Niger.

Zinder
Zinder (locally, Damagaram), formerly also spelled Sinder, is the third largest city in Niger, with a population of 235,605 as by the 2012 census. It is situated 861 km (535 mi) east of the capital Niamey and 240 km (150 mi) north of the Nigerian city of Kano.