hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eşme, Kızıltepe
Eşme (Kurdish: Mizqeyntar) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kızıltepe, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Kîkan tribe and had a population of 2,199 in 2021.

Mardin Province
Mardin Province (Turkish: Mardin ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Mêrdîn; Arabic: محافظة ماردين; Classical Syriac: ܡܪܕܝܢ ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ) is a province and metropolitan municipality in Turkey. Its area is 8,780 km2, and its population is 870,374 (2022). The largest city in the province is Kızıltepe, while the capital Mardin is the second largest city.
Armenians in Italy
Armenians in Italy (Armenian: Հայերն Իտալիայում;  Italian: Armeni in Italia) covers the Armenians who live in Italy. There are currently 2,500-3,500 Armenians in Italy mainly residing in Milan, Rome and Venice; another main centre of Armenian culture and history is Padua.

Besides the general population, there are monastic communities on the island of San Lazzaro degli Armeni (Venice) as well as Armenian clergy at the Holy See (Vatican).

Armenian Catholic Church
The Armenian Catholic Church is an Eastern Catholic particular church sui iuris of the Catholic Church. It accepts the leadership of the bishop of Rome, and is therefore in full communion with the universal Catholic Church, including the Latin Church and the 22 other Eastern Catholic Churches. The Armenian Catholic Church is regulated by Eastern canon law, summed up in the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches.

The head of the sui iuris Armenian Catholic Church is the Armenian Catholic patriarch of Cilicia, whose main cathedral and de facto archiepiscopal see is the Cathedral of Saint Elias and Saint Gregory the Illuminator, in Beirut, Lebanon.

Armenian Caritas is the official aid organization of the Catholic Church in Armenia.
Comparison of popular optical data-storage systems
As of 2021, multiple consumer-oriented, optical-disk media formats are or were available:

Compact Disc ("CD"): digital audio disc
CD-R: write once read many (WORM) CD
CD-RW: rewriteable CD
DVD: digital video disc
DVD-R: WORM DVD defined by the DVD Forum
DVD-RW: rewritable DVD defined by DVD Forum
DVD+R: WORM DVD defined by the DVD+RW Alliance
DVD+RW: rewriteable DVD defined by DVD+RW Alliance
DVD-RAM rewriteable, capable of random write access, not generally format-compatible with DVD
Blu-ray Disc: DVD successor, capable of high-definition video
BD-R: WORM Blu-ray Disc by the Blu-ray Disc Association
BD-RE: rewriteable BD
HD DVD: failed HD format defined by the DVD Forum
Ultra HD Blu-ray: BD successor, capable of 4K resolution

4K resolution
4K resolution is a horizontal display resolution of approximately 4,000 pixels. For digital cinematography, it is 3996 × 2160 (DCI 4K), typically with a 16.65:9 (1.85:1) aspect ratio; for digital television, it is 3840 × 2160 (4K UHD), typically with a 16:9 (1.78:1) aspect ratio.

The 4K television market share increased as prices fell dramatically throughout 2013 and 2014.
Roots of the Cuban Missile Crisis
Roots of the Cuban Missile Crisis is a 48-minute 2001 Cold War documentary by New Line Home Video with "film footage from the era [and] newly created interviews covering U.S./Soviet relations from post-WWII Europe through the end of the crisis". The documentary is a "Beyond the Movie feature" on the infinifilm DVD for the movie Thirteen Days and synthesizes archival footage and still photography, interviews, Trinity and Beyond documentary scenes, and Thirteen Days movie scenes and sequences (many with archival footage).

Topics regarding the crisis' roots covered by the film include the 1938 Munich Agreement, Yalta Conference, British withdrawal from Greece & Turkey, Berlin Airlift, Bomber Gap, Kennedy-Nixon Debate, Cuban Revolution, Missile Gap, Bay of Pigs Invasion, and Crateology. The last third of the film covers events of the crisis (e.g., Operation Ortsac, EXCOMM, Kennedy Presidential recordings) and includes film dramatized scenes from Thirteen Days.

Infinifilm
Infinifilm, first introduced in 2001, was New Line Cinema's brand of specialized DVDs containing a feature to notify viewers of special features on the disc applicable to the scene currently playing, such as interviews, behind-the-scenes footage or deleted scenes. If the user chose to watch one of these special features, the movie would be paused and the special feature would then be played. After that, the user would be returned to the point in the movie where they left off.

The first Infinifilm DVD release was Thirteen Days in 2001, and the last release was The Number 23 in 2007. Many of the label's films that New Line ported to Blu-ray featuring the original Infinifilm content were rebranded as "Focus Points." New Line then abandoned Infinifilm, most likely due to the 2008 absorption by Warner Bros.
The Confusions of Pleasure
The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China is an influential and frequently cited book which explores the economic and cultural history and the "influence of economic change on social and cultural life" in China during the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). The book is written by Timothy Brook, a Canadian historian of China (Sinology). The work won the Joseph Levenson Book Prize of 2000.

Cultural history
Cultural history records and interprets past events involving human beings through the social, cultural, and political milieu of or relating to the arts and manners that a group favors. Jacob Burckhardt (1818–1897) helped found cultural history as a discipline. Cultural history studies and interprets the record of human societies by denoting the various distinctive ways of living built up by a group of people under consideration. Cultural history involves the aggregate of past cultural activity, such as ceremony, class in practices, and the interaction with locales. It combines the approaches of anthropology and history to examine popular cultural traditions and cultural interpretations of historical experience.
Anterior interventricular sulcus
The anterior interventricular sulcus (or anterior longitudinal sulcus) is one of two grooves separating the ventricles of the heart (the other being the posterior interventricular sulcus). They can also be known as paraconal interventricular groove or subsinosal interventricular groove respectively. It is situated on the sternocostal surface of the heart, close to the left margin of the heart. It extends between the coronary sulcus, and the apex of the heart; upon reaching the diaphragmatic surface of the heart, it ends at the notch of cardiac apex. It contains the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery, and great cardiac vein.

Left coronary artery
The left coronary artery (LCA, also known as the left main coronary artery, or left main stem coronary artery) is a coronary artery that arises from the aorta above the left cusp of the aortic valve, and supplies blood to the left side of the heart muscle. The left coronary artery typically runs for 10–25 mm, then bifurcates into the left anterior descending artery, and the left circumflex artery.

The part that is between the aorta and the bifurcation only is known as the left main artery (LM), while the term "LCA" might refer to just the left main, or to the left main and all its eventual branches.
2018 Suzhou Ladies Open – Doubles
Jacqueline Cako and Nina Stojanović were the defending champions, but Stojanović chose not participate. Cako played alongside Prarthana Thombare, but lost in the quarterfinals to Guo Hanyu and Xun Fangying.

Misaki Doi and Nao Hibino won the title, defeating Luksika Kumkhum and Peangtarn Plipuech in the final, 6–2, 6–3.

Luksika Kumkhum
Luksika "Luk" Kumkhum (Thai: ลักษิกา คำขำ; RTGS: Laksika Khamkham; born 21 July 1993) is a Thai tennis player. She turned professional in 2011, and reached her career-high singles ranking of world No. 66 on 19 November 2018. On 16 July 2018, she peaked at No. 86 in the WTA doubles rankings.
Cheerful Weather for the Wedding
Cheerful Weather for the Wedding (1932) is a novella by Julia Strachey. Published by the Hogarth Press in 1932, it tells the story of a brisk March day in England, somewhere on the Dorset coast, during which Dolly is due to marry the Honourable Owen Bigham. Waylaid by the disheartened admirer who failed to win her over while he still could, a distant and detached mother, and her own sense of foreboding, Dolly turns to a bottle of rum in the hope of reaching the altar.

After the edition published by Leonard and Virginia Woolf in 1932, Strachey's work was neglected until 1978 when Penguin Books produced a new edition which incorporates both Cheerful Weather for the Wedding and An Integrated Man. In 2002, Persephone Books revived it once again, and in 2009 republished it as a Persephone Modern Classic.

Persephone Books
Persephone Books is an independent publisher based in Bath, England. Founded in 1999 by Nicola Beauman, Persephone Books reprints works largely by women writers of the late 19th and 20th century, though a few books by men are included. The catalogue includes fiction (novels and short stories) and non-fiction (diaries, memoirs and cookery books). Most books have a grey dustjacket and endpaper using a contemporaneous design, with a matching bookmark.

The company sells books mostly through its website, but also maintains a shop in Bath.
HMS Calpe
Two ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Calpe, named after an ancient name for the Rock of Gibraltar or Mons Calpe.

HMS Calpe (1800), 14-gun sloop, formerly the Spanish San Josef, captured in 1800 and sold in 1802

HMS Calpe (L71), Type II Hunt-class destroyer launched in 1941, transferred to the Royal Danish Navy in 1952 as the Rolfe Krake, and sold for scrapping in 1966

HMS Calpe (1965 shore establishment), Headquarters of the Royal Naval Reserve at Gibraltar until 1993

HMS Calpe (L71)
HMS Calpe (pennant number L71) was a British Royal Navy Type II Hunt-class destroyer escort. Built as a result of the outbreak of World War II, Calpe escorted convoys during the war and participated in the Dieppe Raid. Calpe is an old name for Gibraltar. Collaborating with USS Wainwright on 13 December 1943, she assisted in the sinking of German U-boat U-593. Calpe was loaned and then sold to the Danish Navy, remaining active until she was scrapped in Sweden in 1966.
Suttukeni
12°00′57″N 79°40′34″E﻿ / ﻿12.015702650°N 79.676175654°E﻿ / 12.015702650; 79.676175654

Suttukeni, named Souttoukeny in French, is a village near Katterikuppam (Tamil : காட்டேறிக்குப்பம் ) in Puducherry, in southeastern India. It is the location of a megalithic site. It seems to have been active in trade with Arikamedu.  Jewellery from Suttukeny, dated to the 2nd century BCE, is on display at the Musée Guimet in Paris.

Megalith
A megalith is a large stone that has been used to construct a prehistoric structure or monument, either alone or together with other stones. More than 35,000 megalithic structures have been identified across Europe, ranging geographically from Sweden in the north to the Mediterranean Sea in the south.

The word was first used in 1849 by the British antiquarian Algernon Herbert in reference to Stonehenge and derives from Ancient Greek μέγας (mégas), meaning "great", and λίθος (líthos), meaning "stone". Most extant megaliths were erected between the Neolithic period (although earlier Mesolithic examples are known) through the Chalcolithic period and into the Bronze Age.
Great Stuff
Great Stuff is a 1933 British comedy film directed by Leslie S. Hiscott and starring Henry Kendall, Betty Astell and Alfred Wellesley. In the film, a woman's parents became robbers in a desperate effort to prevent her marrying an unsuitable man.

It was made at Beaconsfield Studios as a quota quickie. The film's sets were designed by Norman G. Arnold.

Beaconsfield Film Studios
Beaconsfield Film Studios is a British television and film studio in Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire. The studios were operational as a production site for films in 1922, and continued producing films - and, later, TV shows - until the 1960s. Britain's first talking movie was recorded there, as were films starring British actors Gracie Fields, Peter Sellers and John Mills.

Since 1971 it has been the home of the National Film and Television School, an internationally recognized postgraduate school for film and TV production, famous as the birthplace of the animated characters Wallace and Gromit.
Urša Raukar-Gamulin
Urša Raukar-Gamulin (born 18 May 1960) is a Croatian theater, television and film actress and politician who has served as member of the Croatian Parliament since 2021. She is a permanent member of the Zagreb Youth Theater ensemble. She is the great-granddaughter of Ivan Kukuljević Sakcinski, one of the most prominent people in Illyrian movement, and the first croatian politician who gave a speech in Croatian to the Croatian Parliament in 1843. Her name used to be Nada up until before the 2020 Croatian parliamentary election, when she changed it inspired by the witch Uršula Karapača.

Apart from her acting work in Croatia and in international co-productions, she is known to the public as an activist for co-organizing protests and demonstrations against Zagreb Mayor Milan Bandić, cultural policies and other issues. She co-founded green-left Zagreb is OURS! and We Can! political parties, where she has served as coordinator.

Ivan Kukuljević Sakcinski
Ivan Kukuljević Sakcinski (Croatian pronunciation: [ǐʋan kukǔːʎeʋit͡ɕ sǎkt͡sinskiː]; 29 May 1816 – 1 August 1889) was a Croatian historian, politician, and writer, most famous for delivering the first speech in Croatian before Parliament. Considered a renowned patriot, Kukuljević was a proponent of Illyrian movement and avid collector of historical documents, primarily those for his work in Croatian historiography and bibliography.
I Hate the Music (album)
I Hate the Music is a compilation album by Australian pop singer John Paul Young. The album was released in September 2009 to coincide with Young's induction into the ARIA Hall of Fame in August 2009.
It was re-released in April 2012 to celebrate Young's 40th Anniversary in music industry and his Order of Australia (OAM) for his services to charity and the music industry.

The album includes tracks from 8 of his 9 studio albums to date.

2009 ARIA Music Awards
The 23rd Annual Australian Recording Industry Association Music Awards (generally known as ARIA Music Awards or simply The ARIAs) took place on 26 November 2009 at the Acer Arena at the Sydney Olympic Park complex. The ceremony was telecast on the Nine Network at 8:30pm that night. The nominees for all categories were announced on 8 October, with the winners of the Fine Arts Awards and Artisan Awards announced on 10 November. Biggest winners for the year were Empire of the Sun which collected a total of seven awards.

The ARIA Hall of Fame inducted: Kev Carmody, The Dingoes, Little Pattie, Mental As Anything and John Paul Young.
Widowers' Houses
Widowers' Houses (1892) was the first play by George Bernard Shaw to be staged. It premièred on 9 December 1892 at the Royalty Theatre, under the auspices of the Independent Theatre Society — a subscription club, formed to escape the Lord Chamberlain's Office censorship.

Lord Chamberlain's Office
The Lord Chamberlain's Office is a department within the British Royal Household. It is concerned with matters such as protocol, state visits, investitures, garden parties, royal weddings and funerals. For example, in April 2005 it organised the wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales and Camilla Parker Bowles. It is also responsible for authorising use of the Royal Arms and other royal symbols.

As the Lord Chamberlain is a part-time position, the day-to-day work of the Office is conducted by the Comptroller of the Lord Chamberlain's Office.
Girls (2007 film)
Girls (Arabic: بلد البناتِ, Balad El Banat) is a film by an Egyptian Director, Amr Bayoumi, that was released in 2007 starring Farah Youssef, Somaia Al Joaini, Reem Hijab, Fareeda Al Juraidi. The film was written by Ola El Shafie and produced and distributed by Hani Guirguis Fawzi. The movie revolves around the life experiences of four girls in their early 20s as soon as they move to the city of Cairo alone with no parental guidance.

Movie star
A movie star (also known as a film star or cinema star) is an actor who is famous for their starring, or leading, roles in movies. The term is used for performers who are marketable stars as they become popular household names and whose names are used to promote movies, for example in trailers and posters. The most prominent movie stars are known in the industry as bankable stars.
Charlie Street
Charles Street (8 November 1909 – 24 June 1982) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Richmond and Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Street played at Richmond for three seasons, without ever becoming a regular fixture in the team.  He then crossed to Carlton and was in a back pocket in their 1932 VFL Grand Final loss to Richmond.

1932 VFL grand final
The 1932 VFL grand final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Richmond Football Club and Carlton Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 1 October 1932. It was the 34th annual grand final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1932 VFL season. The match, attended by 69,724 spectators, was won by Richmond by a margin of 9 points. Richmond was competing in its fifth grand final in six years, and, after losing the previous four, finally claimed its third VFL/AFL premiership victory.
Minerva High School (Ohio)
Minerva High School is a public high school in Minerva, Ohio, United States.  It is the only high school in the Minerva Local School District. Athletic teams compete as the Minerva Lions in the Ohio High School Athletic Association as a member of the Eastern Buckeye Conference.

Ohio High School Athletic Association
The Ohio High School Athletic Association (OHSAA) is the governing body of athletic programs for junior and senior high schools in the U.S. state of Ohio. The OHSAA governs eligibility of student athletes, resolves disputes, organizes levels of competition by divisional separation of schools according to attendance population, and conducts state championship competitions in all the OHSAA-sanctioned sports.
Earle's balanced salt solution
Earle's balanced salt solution is an isotonic saline solution (or balanced salt solution) formulated by W.R. Earle in 1943. It contains sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium bicarbonate and dextrose (glucose). It is intended to be used in 5% CO2 atmosphere. It is a base of many cell culture media.

Wilton R. Earle
Wilton Robinson Earle (June 22, 1902 – May 30, 1964) was an American cell biologist known for his research in cell culture techniques and carcinogenesis. Born in Greenville, South Carolina, he earned a bachelor's degree at Furman University then earned an M.A. at the University of North Carolina and PhD at Vanderbilt University in 1928. He joined the Hygienic Laboratory of the United States Public Health Service in 1928, which merged with the National Cancer Institute in 1937, where Earle worked the remainder of his life. He died at his home in Burtonsville, Maryland, aged 61.
Yesterday (2018 film)
Yesterday an internationally co-produced Hungarian film directed by Bálint Kenyeres, made its debut as a feature film in 2018. The movie, titled Hier internationally, gained recognition as Kenyeres' inaugural venture into feature filmmaking.

Cinema of Hungary
Hungary has had a cinema industry since the beginning of the 20th century including Hungarians  within and beyond the country's borders. Directors include István Szabó, Béla Tarr, and Miklós Jancsó. Producer William Fox and Adolph Zukor, the founders of Fox Studios and Paramount Pictures respectively, and Alexander Korda, who played a leading role in the early period of British cinema had Hungarian roots. Examples of successful Hungarian films include Merry-go-round, Mephisto, Werckmeister Harmonies and Kontroll.
2013 Bomet local elections
Local elections were held in Bomet County on 4 March 2013 to elect a Governor and County Representatives. Under the new constitution, which was passed in a 2010 referendum, the 2013 general elections were the first in which Governors and members of the County Assemblies for the newly created counties were elected.  The elections were also the first general elections to be run by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission(IEBC) which released the official list of candidates.

Bomet County
Bomet County is located in the Rift Valley region of Kenya, was established in 2010 and had a population of approximately 875,689[¹], (2009 census) making it the 32nd largest county in Kenya by population. It is bordered by Kericho County to the west, Nakuru County to the northwest, and Narok County to the southeast. The county is characterized by its rolling hills, fertile agricultural land, and significant natural resources, including the Mau Forest and rivers such as Nyangores and Chepalungu. The predominant ethnic group is the Kalenjin.
Pendant vault
Pendant vaulting is considered to be a type of English fan vaulting.  The pendant vault is a rare form of vault, attributed to fifteenth century English Gothic architecture, in which large decorative pendants hang from the vault at a distance from the walls. In some cases, the pendants are a large form of boss.   In his book on fan vaults, Walter Leedy defines the fan vault stating: “Fan vaults have the following specific interrelated visual and structural characteristics: (1) vaulting conoids of regular geometric form, (2) vertical ribs, each of consistent curvature and placement, (3) a distinct central spandrel panel, (4) ribs perpendicular to the vaulting surface, and (5) applied surface patterning.”

William Vertue
William Vertue (died 1527) was an English architect specialising in Fan vault ceilings.

Along with his brother Robert, he was involved in the construction of the Tower of London (1501–1502) and Bath Abbey. The Vertue brothers are reported as telling Bishop Oliver King, the patron of the work, that the vaulting "Ther shal be no one so goodeley, neither in England nor in France". The brothers were involved in undertaking the vaulting and the clerestory windows and walls of the Henry VII's chapel at Westminster, between 1506 and 1509, although Robert Virtue was dead by then and William is thought to be entirely responsible.

William advised John Wastell about the design for the fan vaulted ceiling at King's College Chapel, Cambridge. The fan vault over the crossing at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1528 finished after his death was his last known architectural work.
AD 502
Year 502 (DII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Avienus and Probus (or, less frequently, year 1255 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 502 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Emperor He of Southern Qi
Emperor He of Southern Qi ((南)齊和帝) (488 – 2 May 502; r. 14 April 501– 20 April 502), personal name Xiao Baorong (蕭寶融), courtesy name Zhizhao (智昭), was the last emperor of the Chinese Southern Qi dynasty. He was put on the throne by the generals Xiao Yingzhou (蕭穎冑) and Xiao Yan in 501 as a competing candidate and substitute for the throne to his violent and arbitrary older brother Xiao Baojuan. In 502, with Xiao Baojuan having been defeated and killed and Xiao Yingzhou dead, Xiao Yan seized the throne from Emperor He and took the throne himself, ending the Southern Qi dynasty and starting the Liang dynasty. Soon, Xiao Yan had the 14-year-old former Emperor He put to death.