hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Air gap (plumbing)
An air gap, as related to the plumbing trade, is the unobstructed vertical space between the water outlet and the flood level of a fixture. Air gaps of appropriate design are legally required by water health and safety regulations in many countries. An air gap is the simplest form of a backflow prevention device.

Vertical and horizontal
In astronomy, geography and related sciences and contexts, an orientation or plane passing by a given point is said to be vertical if it contains the local gravity direction at that point.

Conversely, a orientation, plane or surface is said to be horizontal (or leveled) if it is everywhere perpendicular to the vertical orientation.

More generally, something that is vertical can be drawn from "up" to "down" (or down to up), such as the y-axis in the Cartesian coordinate system.
Northern Tak United F.C.
Northern Tak United Football Club (Thai สโมสรฟุตบอลนอร์ทเทิร์น ตากยูไนเต็ด), is a Thai football club based in Tak Province, Thailand. The club is currently playing in the Thailand Amateur League Northern region.

Tak province
Tak (Thai: ตาก, pronounced [tàːk]) is one of Thailand's seventy-seven provinces (changwat) and lies in Northern Thailand. Neighbouring provinces are (from north clockwise) Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Lampang, Sukhothai, Kamphaeng Phet, Nakhon Sawan, Uthai Thani and Kanchanaburi. The western edge of the province has a long boundary with Kayin State of Myanmar (Burma).
Council for Catholic Maintained Schools
The Council for Catholic Maintained Schools (CCMS) is the advocate for Catholic Maintained Schools in Northern Ireland. The council represents trustees, schools and governors on issues such as raising and maintaining standards, the school estate and teacher employment. As the largest employer of teachers in Northern Ireland with 8,500 teachers, It also plays a central role in supporting teachers whether through its welfare service  or, for example, in working parties such as the Independent Inquiry into Teacher Pay and Conditions of Service.

There are 547 Catholic-managed schools in Northern Ireland. According to the latest figures from the Department of Education, the number of pupils registered at school in Northern Ireland is 329,583. The number of pupils attending Catholic-managed schools is 148,225, approximately 45%.

Department of Education (Northern Ireland)
The Department of Education (DENI) (Irish: An Roinn Oideachais; Ulster-Scots: Depairtment o Learin) is a devolved Northern Irish government department in the Northern Ireland Executive.  The minister with overall responsibility for the department is the Minister of Education.
Knowledge industries
Knowledge industries are those industries which are based on their intensive use of technology and/or human capital. While most industries are dependent in some way on knowledge as inputs, knowledge industries are particularly dependent on knowledge and technology to generate revenue. Some industries that are included in this category include education, consulting, science, finance, insurance, information technology, health service, and communications.  The term "knowledge industry" was suggested by Austrian-American economist Fritz Machlup to describe these industries in the context of his new idea of the knowledge economy.

Fritz Machlup
Fritz Machlup (/ˈmɑːklʌp/; German: [ˈmaxluːp]; born Friedrich Eduard Machlup; December 15, 1902 – January 30, 1983) was an Austrian-American economist known for his work in information economics. He was President of the International Economic Association from 1971 to 1974. He was one of the first economists to examine knowledge as an economic resource, and is credited with popularising the concept of the information society.
Erling Nielsen (philologist)
Erling Frede Nielsen (1920 – 2000) was a Danish philologist.

He worked as a lecturer in Danish language and Danish literature at the University of Oslo from 1950 to 1990. Notable releases include H. C. Andersen og andre danskere (1955) and Navne i dansk litteratur (1970, with Lone Klem). He also edited the series Cappelens nordiske bibliotek, with about thirty titles of Nordic poetry released on Cappelens Forlag in the post-war period, as well as the anthologies Dansk skrivekunst, Norsk skrivekunst and Norske dikt. He was decorated with the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav.

For the general audience, he became known when scolding song writer Arne Bendiksen for the song Oj, oj, oj, så glad jeg skal bli, the Norwegian entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1969. This developed into a heated debate.

Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 1969
Norway was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1969 with the song "Oj, oj, oj, så glad jeg skal bli", written by Arne Bendiksen, and performed by Kirsti Sparboe. The Norwegian participating broadcaster, Norsk rikskringkasting (NRK), selected its entry through the Melodi Grand Prix 1969. This was the last of three Eurovision appearances in five years for Sparboe.
Sodeif Badri
Sodeif Badri (Persian: ‌صدیف بدری; born 1972) is an Iranian conservative politician, academic and former mayor of Ardabil. He was born in Germi, Ardabil province. He is a member of the 10th,11th and 12th Islamic Consultative Assembly from the electorate of Ardabil, Nir, Namin and Sareyn.

2024 Iranian legislative election
Legislative elections were held in Iran on 1 March 2024 for the first round, and on 10 May 2024 for the second round.

They were held four years after the previous election in 2020. The election had a preregistration for the first time as a result of a 2023 law. Elections to the Assembly of Experts took place concurrently with the legislative elections.

The elections had most moderate and reformist figures disqualified from polls. Additionally, there was a historic low voter turnout of 41%, with 5% of the ballots cast being deemed "invalid".
Devilish Impressions
Devilish Impressions is a Polish avant-garde black metal band. Considered one of Poland's leading metal acts Devilish Impressions officially started in 2000 as a three-piece, with founding singer / guitarist Quazarre the only remaining original member.

Suffocation (band)
Suffocation is an American death metal band formed in 1989 in Centereach, New York, currently consisting of lead guitarist Terrance Hobbs, bassist Derek Boyer, rhythm guitarist Charlie Errigo, drummer Eric Morotti, and vocalist Ricky Myers. The band rose to prominence with their 1991 debut album Effigy of the Forgotten, which became a blueprint for death metal in the 1990s. Since then, Suffocation has recorded eight albums. These feature growled vocals with downtuned guitars, fast and complex guitar riffs and drumming, open chord notes and occasional breakdowns.

In 2016, the staff of Loudwire named them the 23rd-best metal band of all time.
William Small (Scottish politician)
William Watson Small (19 October 1909 – 18 January 1978) was a Scottish Labour Party politician.

He was an Ayrshire County Councillor from 1945 to 1951 and an active member of the Amalgamated Engineering Union, serving on its national committee from 1955 to 1957 and as president of the union's West Ayrshire district.

At the 1959 general election, he was elected as Member of Parliament for Glasgow Scotstoun.  He held the seat until it was abolished for the February 1974 election, when he moved to the new Glasgow Garscadden constituency. He held that seat until his death in London on 18 January 1978, aged 68.

Small never held ministerial office, but served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Minister of Power from 1964.

Lived in affluent Helensburgh and rarely spoke in Parliament.

Glasgow Garscadden
Glasgow Garscadden was a burgh constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1974 until 1997. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) using the first-past-the-post voting system.
Crow River (Ontario)
The Crow River is a river in the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin in the Unorganized South Part of Nipissing District in northeastern Ontario, Canada. The river lies entirely within Algonquin Provincial Park and is a right tributary of the Petawawa River.

Nipissing District
Nipissing District is a district in Northeastern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It was created in 1858. The district seat is North Bay.

In 2021, the population was 84,716. The land area is 16,986.20 square kilometres (6,558.41 sq mi); the population density was 5.0 per square kilometre (13/sq mi), making it one of the most densely populated districts in northern Ontario.
Seattle Initiative 13
Initiative 13 was a 1978 initiative in Seattle, Washington, United States. One of its effects would have been to repeal city ordinances which protected housing rights and employment for gay and lesbian people. Another would have been to close the city Office of Women's Rights.

Seattle Pride in 1978 included protests against the initiative. Multiple organizations also protested the initiative.

Walt Crowley was one of the protest campaign organizers. On November 7, 1978, voters rejected the initiative by a 2–1 margin.

Walt Crowley
Walter Charles Crowley (June 20, 1947 – September 21, 2007) was an American historian and activist from Washington state. He first entered the public sphere in Seattle through his involvement with the social and political movements of the 1960s, especially the underground press. He later became more widely known as a local television personality and for his pioneering work as a local historian, including co-creating the website HistoryLink.org, which he considered to be his crowning achievement.
Terrainability
The terrainability of a machine or robot is defined as its ability to negotiate terrain irregularities.

Terrainability is a term coined in the research community and related to locomotion in the field of mobile robotics. Its various definitions generically describe the ability of the robot to handle various terrains in terms of their ground support, obstacle sizes and spacing, passive/dynamic stability, etc.

Robot locomotion
Robot locomotion is the collective name for the various methods that robots use to transport themselves from place to place.

Wheeled robots are typically quite energy efficient and simple to control. However, other forms of locomotion may be more appropriate for a number of reasons, for example traversing rough terrain, as well as moving and interacting in human environments. Furthermore, studying bipedal and insect-like robots may beneficially impact on biomechanics.

A major goal in this field is in developing capabilities for robots to autonomously decide how, when, and where to move.  However, coordinating numerous robot joints for even simple matters, like negotiating stairs, is difficult. Autonomous robot locomotion is a major technological obstacle for many areas of robotics, such as humanoids (like Honda's Asimo).
Joseph Victor Patterson
Joseph Victor Patterson (July 12, 1882 – 1968) was a farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Milestone in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan from 1929 to 1934 as an independent member.

He was born in Paisley, Ontario, the son of Hugh Patterson and Mary Ann Herron, both natives of Ireland, and was educated there. In 1907, Patterson married Mary A. McRorie. He was a director of the Saskatchewan Grain Growers' Association. Patterson lived in Hearne, Saskatchewan. He was an unsuccessful candidate as a Progressive for a seat in the provincial assembly in a by-election held in 1923. He later won the seat of Milestone in the 1929 election running as an independent. Patterson was defeated by William Pedersen when he ran for reelection in 1934 as a Conservative.

Hearne, Saskatchewan
Hearne is an unincorporated hamlet in Redburn Rural Municipality No. 130, Saskatchewan, Canada. Located 34 km southwest of Rouleau,
Hearne is the birthplace of Canadian newspaper and magazine journalist Allan Fotheringham.
RGS-50M
The RGS-50M is a smoothbore single-shot break-action Russian 50 mm (2.0 in) grenade launcher manufactured by Degtyarev Plant.

It is mainly intended for less than lethal (riot gun) and door breaching law enforcement roles, but it is also capable of firing lethal projectiles.

Break action
Break action is a type of firearm action in which the barrel(s) are hinged much like a door and rotate perpendicularly to the bore axis to expose the breech and allow loading and unloading of cartridges. A separate operation may be required for the cocking of a hammer to fire the new round. There are many types of break-action firearms; break actions are universal in double-barreled shotguns, double-barreled rifles, combination guns, and are commonly found in single shot pistols (especially derringers), rifles, shotguns, including flare guns, grenade launchers, air guns, and some older revolver designs. They are also known as hinge-action, break-open, break-barrel, break-top, or, on old revolvers, top-break actions.
Chimney Peak Wilderness
The Chimney Peak Wilderness is a 13,134-acre (53.15 km2)  wilderness area located 20 miles (32 km) northwest of Ridgecrest, in southeastern Tulare County, California.

The 1994 California Desert Protection Act (Public Law 103–433) created the wilderness and it is managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Department of the Interior.

The Chimney Peak Wilderness is a rugged and mountainous Mojave Desert environment on the eastern side of the Southern Sierra Nevada Range. The wilderness is named for Chimney Peak, elevation 7,871 feet (2,399 m), located in the northeast corner of the wilderness.

The area has Mojave Desert plants such as Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia) and creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) on the valley floors and alluvial fans and in the Sierra foothills. Higher Sierra elevations have single-leaf pinyon pine (Pinus monophylla).

Larrea tridentata
Larrea tridentata, also called creosote bush, greasewood, and chaparral is a medicinal herb. In Sonora, it is more commonly called hediondilla; Spanish hediondo = "smelly". It is a flowering plant in the family Zygophyllaceae. The specific name tridentata refers to its three-toothed leaves.
Oscar Akermo
Oscar Åkermo is a Swedish tattoo artist based in New York City. He is best known for tattooing notable people such as TJ Dillashaw, Alexander DeLeon, Marco Scandella, Sebastian Ingrosso and Miriam Bryant, and for pioneering the modern black and gray tattooing style.

Marco Scandella
Marco Scandella (born February 23, 1990) is an Italian-Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played 14 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Minnesota Wild, Buffalo Sabres, Montreal Canadiens, and St. Louis Blues. Scandella played major junior hockey in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) for the Val d'Or Foreurs prior to being selected by the Wild in the second-round, 55th overall, in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft.
Jalan FELDA Kampung Awah
Jalan FELDA Kampung Awah, Federal Route 1527, is a main federal road in Bandar Pusat Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia.

At most sections, the Federal Route 1527 was built under the JKR R5 road standard, with a speed limit of 90 km/h.

Bandar Tun Razak, Jengka
Bandar Tun Razak, Jengka formerly known as Bandar Pusat Jengka or Jengka Town Centre, is an agricultural town in Maran District, Pahang, Malaysia.
Bandar Tun Razak is the centre of the Jengka Triangle which is known as FELDA Jengka. The Jengka Triangle (Malay: Segitiga Jengka), which is the largest FELDA settlement in Malaysia, is one of the successful examples of the Malaysian government's projects to eradicate poverty among its citizens.
Ross S. Whaley
Ross S. Whaley was the second president of the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, in Syracuse, New York, from 1984 to 1999. An economist by training, Whaley had previously been director of forest economics research at the United States Forest Service. Other prior institutional affiliations included faculty and administrative positions at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, Colorado State University, and Utah State University. Whaley served as president of the Society of American Foresters in 1991. Following his tenure as President of SUNY-ESF, Whaley served as chair of the Adirondack Park Agency from 2003 to 2007.

State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry
The State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (ESF) is a public research university in Syracuse, New York, United States focused on the environment and natural resources. It is part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system. ESF is immediately adjacent to Syracuse University, within which it was founded, and with which it maintains a special relationship. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

ESF operates education and research facilities also in the Adirondack Park (including the Ranger School in Wanakena), the Thousand Islands, elsewhere in Central New York, and Costa Rica. The college's curricula focus on the understanding, management, and sustainability of the environment and natural resources.
Arthur Drewry
Arthur Drewry CBE (3 March 1891 – 25 March 1961) was an English football administrator who served as the fifth president of FIFA, the world governing body of association football, from 1955 to 1961. Drewry held several football administration posts in his native England, serving as chairman of The Football Association and president of The Football League.

Sports governing body
A sports governing body is a sports organization that has a regulatory or sanctioning function.

Sports governing bodies come in various forms and have a variety of regulatory functions, including disciplinary procedure for rule infractions and deciding on rule
changes in the sport that they govern. Governing bodies have different scopes. They may cover a range of sport at an internationally acceptable level, such as the International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympic Committee, or only a single sport at a national level, such as the Rugby Football League. National bodies will largely have to be affiliated with international bodies for the same sport. The first international federations were formed at the end of the 19th century.
Chiori Miyagawa
Chiori Miyagawa is a Japanese-born American playwright, poet, dramaturg, and fiction writer based in New York City. She was born in Nagano, Japan before moving to the United States at an age of 16. She is currently playwright-in-residence at Bard College.

Performance Space New York
Performance Space New York, formerly known as Performance Space 122 or P.S. 122, is a nonprofit arts organization founded in 1980 in the East Village of Manhattan in an abandoned public school building.
Spirits Alike
Spirits Alike is an album by the all-star jazz group the Leaders. It was recorded in August 2006 in New Jersey, and was released later that year by Double Moon Records. The album features performances by a reconstituted version of the band: original members Chico Freeman (tenor saxophone) and Cecil McBee (bass) are joined by alto saxophonist Bobby Watson (replacing Arthur Blythe), trumpeter Eddie Henderson (replacing Lester Bowie), pianist Fred Harris (replacing Kirk Lightsey), and drummer Billy Hart (replacing Don Moye).

Lester Bowie
Lester Bowie (October 11, 1941 – November 8, 1999) was an American jazz trumpet player and composer. He was a member of the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians and co-founded the Art Ensemble of Chicago.
Near Death (2025 film)
Near Death is a 2025 Philippine supernatural horror film written, directed and produced by Richard V. Somes. It stars Charlie Dizon, Xyriel Manabat and RK Bagatsing. The film is about a girl named Julia,  who is haunted by supernatural beings who want to enter her body and use it as a vessel after she survives as suicide attempt.

Near Death is Richard Somes's comeback film to the horror genre after Yanggaw (2008) and Corazon: Ang Unang Aswang (2012).

Supernatural horror film
Supernatural horror film is a film genre that combines aspects of supernatural film and horror film. Supernatural occurrences in such films often include ghosts and demons, and many supernatural horror films have elements of religion. Common themes in the genre are the afterlife, the devil, and demonic possession. Not all supernatural horror films focus on religion, and they can have "more vivid and gruesome violence".
Epos (library ship)
Epos is a floating library that operated in the counties of Hordaland, Sogn og Fjordane and Møre og Romsdal in Norway. It is the first custom-built library boat in the world. The service started in 1959 and visited tiny places in the three counties twice a year. In 2005 the ship was in service 126 days per year, lending 53,300 books. In 2020, the last trip the boat was to take was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the service officially ended.

The ship had room for 6,000 books, with a further 20,000 books out on loan at any given time. It often offered cultural activities for children, including musicians or dramas. This was often the only cultural services provided in the places it visited. The ship was crewed by a captain, an able sailor, three librarians and one or two performers. The service was funded by the county libraries in the participating counties.

Sogn og Fjordane
Sogn og Fjordane (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈsɔŋn ɔ ˈfjûːrɑnə] ⓘ; literally "Parish and the Fjords") was a county in western Norway, from 1 January 1919 to 31 December 2019, after it was merged to become part of Vestland county. It was surrounded by Møre og Romsdal, Oppland, Buskerud, and Hordaland counties. The county administration was in the village of Hermansverk in Leikanger Municipality. The largest town in the county was Førde.

Although Sogn og Fjordane has some industry, predominantly hydroelectricity and aluminium, it is predominantly an agricultural area. Sogn og Fjordane is also home to the Urnes Stave Church and the Nærøyfjord, which are both listed by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites.

The Western Norway University of Applied Sciences has campuses in Sogndalsfjøra and Førde.
West Hill Cemetery, Sherburne
West Hill Cemetery (also called Sherburne West Hill Cemetery) is a historic cemetery at Sherburne in Chenango County, New York. The cemetery contains over 4,500 burials, two thirds of which predate 1950.  The earliest burial dates to 1803.  The cemetery includes a small, one story brick chapel built in 1905.

Col. William Stephens Smith (1755–1816), US Representative and son-in-law of President John Adams is buried here.

The cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

Sherburne, New York
Sherburne is a town in Chenango County, New York, United States. The population was 4,048 at the 2010 census. The town contains two villages, Sherburne and Earlville. The town is at the northern border of Chenango County.
Perrottetia aquilonaris
Perrottetia aquilonaris is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Streptaxidae.

The specific name aquilonaris is from the Latin “aquilonaris” meaning “north or northern”. It refers to the distribution range of this new species in northern Thailand.

Chiang Mai province
Chiang Mai is the largest province (changwat) of Thailand by area. It lies in upper northern Thailand and has a population of 1.78 million people. It is bordered by Chiang Rai to the northeast, Lampang and Lamphun to the south, Tak to the southwest, Mae Hong Son to the west, and Shan State of Burma to the north. The capital, Chiang Mai, is 685 kilometres (426 mi) north of Bangkok.