hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Abolla
An abolla was a cloak-like garment worn by ancient Greeks and Romans. Nonius Marcellus quotes a passage of Varro to show that it was a garment worn by soldiers (vestis militaris), and thus opposed to the toga. Roman women also wore a version of the abolla by at least the imperial period.

The abolla was, however, not confined to military occasions, but was also worn in the city. It was especially used by the Stoic and Cynic philosophers at Rome as the pallium philosophicum, just as the Greek philosophers were accustomed to distinguish themselves by a particular dress. Hence, the expression of Juvenal facinus majoris abollae merely signifies, "a crime committed by a very deep philosopher". It could also be used as a luxury item. Ptolemy of Mauretania wore a purple cloak so luxurious that it is theorized that Caligula had him executed out of jealousy.

The term abolla is actually a Latinization of the Greek ambolla (ἀμβόλλα) or anabole (ἀναβολή), for a loose woolen cloak.

Ptolemy of Mauretania
Ptolemy of Mauretania (Ancient Greek: Πτολεμαῖος, Ptolemaîos; Latin: Gaius Iulius Ptolemaeus; 13~9 BC – AD 40) was the last Roman client king and ruler of Mauretania for Rome. He was the son of Juba II, the king of Numidia and a member of the Berber Massyles tribe, as well as a descendant of the Ptolemaic dynasty via his mother Cleopatra Selene II.
Paravilla edititoides
Paravilla edititoides is a species of bee fly in the family Bombyliidae. It is found in central North America in Saskatchewan, Canada, through the United States from Arizona to Oklahoma, and into Mexico.

Bombyliidae
The Bombyliidae are a family of flies, commonly known as bee flies. Some are colloquially known as bomber flies. Adults generally feed on nectar and pollen, some being important pollinators. Larvae are mostly parasitoids of other insects.
White Nights (radio)
White Nights is a British radio documentary series, broadcast on BBC Radio 4 between 31 July and 4 August 2006.

The show is described as a "series of reflections on what happens on a summer night between wakefulness and sleep."

On each show, a famous person describes what happens to them during a summer night. Also, the show includes poetry, music and discussions on religious and other matters. People appearing include:

Tamsin Greig, actress, star of Green Wing.

Bobby Friction, disc jockey and critic.

Lavinia Greenlaw, poet.

Simon Elmes, radio producer.

David Blunkett, former Labour home secretary.

Tamsin Greig
Tamsin Margaret Mary Greig (/ˈtæmzɪn ˈɡrɛɡ/; born 12 July 1966) is a British actress. She is known for both dramatic and comedic roles. She played Fran Katzenjammer in the Channel 4 sitcom Black Books, Dr Caroline Todd in the Channel 4 sitcom Green Wing, Beverly Lincoln in British–American sitcom Episodes and Jackie Goodman in the Channel 4 sitcom Friday Night Dinner. Other roles include Alice Chenery in BBC One's comedy-drama series Love Soup, Debbie Aldridge in BBC Radio 4's soap opera The Archers, Miss Bates in the 2009 BBC version of Jane Austen's Emma, and Beth Hardiment in the 2010 film version of Tamara Drewe. In 2020, Greig starred as Anne Trenchard in Julian Fellowes' ITV series Belgravia.

Greig is also a stage actress: she won a Laurence Olivier Award in 2007 for Much Ado About Nothing and received nominations in 2011 and 2015 for her roles in The Little Dog Laughed and Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown.
October 1875 Ecuadorian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Ecuador on 10 October 1875, following the assassination of Gabriel García Moreno, who had been elected president in May. The result was a victory for Antonio Borrero, who received 86% of the vote. He took office on 9 December.

The elections were the first free and fair presidential elections in Ecuador history.

Gabriel García Moreno
Gabriel Gregorio Fernando José María García Moreno y Morán de Butrón (24 December 1821 – 6 August 1875), was an Ecuadorian politician and aristocrat who twice served as President of Ecuador (1861–65 and 1869–75) and was assassinated during his second term after being elected to a third.

He has been described as a dictator and caudillo. García Moreno was a conservative and centralist who supported state building and strong executive power. He was involved in the Battle of Cuaspud (6 December 1863) alongside General Juan José Flores, where an unexpected Ecuadoran defeat ended their project of military and political consolidation, drastically reducing Ecuador’s army and weakening their centralization efforts.

He is noted for his conservatism, nationalism, Catholic religious perspective and rivalry with liberal strongman Eloy Alfaro.
Ridewoodichthys
Ridewoodichthys is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish in the family Osteoglossidae from Angola. The fish is only known from Selandian deposits found near Cacongo. It is not known from much material with the most complete specimen being an incomplete caudal section that includes the lower lobe of the caudal fin. Other than that, only fragmentary skull elements are known with their main defining feature being the large, closely-spaced teeth found on the upper and lower jaws. Even with that being the case, the shape of the ribs on the tail suggest that it was most likely a deep-bodied fish. Ridewoodichthys, unlike its living relatives, was a marine fish. Though not much is known about its ecosystem, it is known to have lived alongside sharks such as Ginglymostoma and the dyrosaur Congosaurus. There is currently only one species in the genus: R. caheni.

Ginglymostoma
Ginglymostoma (from the Ancient Greek words γίγγλυμος (gínglumos), meaning "hinge", and στόμα (stóma), meaning "mouth") is a genus of shark in the family Ginglymostomatidae. There are two members in the genus. Members of this genus eat small fish and crustaceans, and are commonly quite lethargic unless provoked. Members of this genus have the ability to suck in water in order to remove snails from their shells in a manner that can be described as 'vacuum-like'.
Naupara
Naupara monastery is a Serbian Orthodox Christian monastery situated 12 km south of the city of Kruševac and about 210 km from Belgrade. The original building was completed in 1391 but was severely destroyed by Turks in 1454. It was not restored until 1835 when brothers Stojan Simić and Aleksa Simić took on the project. They offered the church a bell, sacred books, and other religious items upon its completion. Naupara is built in the Serbian architectural style of the Morava school and was constructed in the same style as the Lazarica Church. The paintings and iconostasis within the monastery date to the 19th century since the original frescos were ruined during the restoration. Today, Naupara is an active nunnery, with a small number of nuns who tend to the land.

Aleksa Simić
Aleksa Simić (Boljevci, March 18, 1800 – Belgrade, March 17, 1872) was a Serbian politician and diplomat who thrice served as Prime Minister of the Principality of Serbia and held a number of other ministerial posts from the 1830s through the 1850s.
SSV Jeddeloh
Spiel- und Sportverein Jeddeloh II e.V., commonly known as SSV Jeddeloh or SSV Jeddeloh II, is a German association football club based in the community of Jeddeloh II in the municipality of Edewecht, located in the district of Ammerland, Lower Saxony.

Oberliga Niedersachsen
The Oberliga Niedersachsen (English: Upper League Lower Saxony), sometimes referred to as Niedersachsenliga (Lower Saxony league), is the fifth tier of the German football league system and the highest league in the German state of Lower Saxony (German: Niedersachsen). Since 1994, the league was split into a western and an eastern group. In 2010, it returned to a single-division format. The Oberliga moved to a north-south split for one season in 2020. It is one of fourteen Oberligen in German football, the fifth tier of the German football league system.
United Defense M42
The United Defense M42, sometimes known as the Marlin for the company that did the actual manufacturing, was an American submachine gun used during World War II. It was produced from 1942 to 1943 by United Defense Supply Corp. for possible issue as a replacement for the Thompson submachine gun and was used by Office of Strategic Services (OSS) agents. However, its usage was limited, and the Thompson continued to see service until the end of the war, alongside the M3 submachine gun, which was designed around the same time as the M42.

Submachine gun
A submachine gun (SMG) or sub-gun is a magazine-fed automatic carbine designed to fire handgun cartridges. The term "submachine gun" was coined by John T. Thompson, the inventor of the Thompson submachine gun, to describe its design concept as an automatic firearm with notably less firepower than a machine gun (hence the prefix "sub-"). As a machine gun must fire rifle cartridges to be classified as such, submachine guns are not considered machine guns.

In the 20th century, the submachine gun was developed during World War I (1914–1918) as a close-quarter offensive weapon, mainly for trench raiding. At its peak during World War II (1939–1945), millions of submachine guns were made for assault troops and auxiliaries whose doctrines emphasized close-quarter suppressive fire. New submachine gun designs appeared frequently during the Cold War, especially among special forces, commandos and mechanized infantrymen. Submachine gun usage for frontline combat decreased in the 1980s and 1990s.
Keewatin North
Keewatin North was an electoral district of the Northwest Territories, Canada. The district consisted of communities in the northern parts of Keewatin Region, which included Baker Lake, Chesterfield Inlet, Repulse Bay (Naujaat) and Coral Harbour.

Keewatin Region
The Keewatin Region was a district of the Northwest Territories, in use as an administrative and statistical division until the creation of Nunavut in 1999. The majority of Keewatin Region fell on the Nunavut side of the boundary and was reconstituted as Kivalliq Region within the new territory, while a strip on the region's west side remaining in the NWT was transferred to Fort Smith Region. Kivalliq continues to be referred to as "Keewatin Region, Nunavut" in some circumstances, such as by Statistics Canada.

The regional seat of the Keewatin Region was Rankin Inlet.
Ovide Laflamme
Ovide Laflamme (10 December 1925 – 29 June 1993) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Saint-Damien, Quebec and became a judge and lawyer by career.

He was first elected at the Bellechasse riding in
a 26 September 1955 by-election, then re-elected in the 1957 federal election. After serving his term in the 23rd Canadian Parliament, Laflamme was defeated at Bellechasse in the 1958 by Noël Dorion of the Progressive Conservative party and in the 1962 election by Bernard Dumont of the Social Credit party.

In the 1963 election, Laflamme campaigned at the Québec—Montmorency riding but was again unsuccessful having lost to Guy Marcoux of the Social Credit party. He won Québec—Montmorency in the 1965 election, and was re-elected at the Montmorency riding in the 1968 and 1972 federal elections. After completing his term in May 1974 for the 29th Canadian Parliament, Laflamme left federal office without contesting another federal election.

29th Canadian Parliament
The 29th Canadian Parliament was in session from January 4, 1973, until May 9, 1974. The membership was set by the 1972 federal election on October 30, 1972, and it was dissolved prior to the 1974 election.

There were two sessions of the 29th Parliament:
Saab two-stroke
The Saab two-stroke was a two-stroke cycle, inline, two cylinder, and later three cylinder engine manufactured by Swedish automotive manufacturer Saab that was based on a design by German manufacturer DKW.

Engine configuration
The engine configuration describes the fundamental operating principles by which internal combustion engines are categorized.

Piston engines are often categorized by their cylinder layout, valves and camshafts. Wankel engines are often categorized by the number of rotors present. Gas turbine engines are often categorized into turbojets, turbofans, turboprops and turboshafts.
Order of Sikatuna
The Order of Sikatuna (Filipino: Orden ng Sikatuna) is the national order of diplomatic merit of the Republic of the Philippines. It is conferred upon individuals who have rendered exceptional and meritorious services to the Republic of the Philippines, upon diplomats, officials and nationals of foreign states who have rendered conspicuous services in fostering, developing and strengthening relations between their country and the Philippines, or upon personnel of the Philippine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA), both in the Home Office and in the Foreign Service.

The Order of Sikatuna may be awarded by the Secretary of Foreign Affairs in the name and by authority of the President.

Generalissimo
Generalissimo (/ˌdʒɛn(ə)rəˈlɪsɪmoʊ/ JEN-(ə-)rə-LIS-ih-moh), also generalissimus, is a military rank of the highest degree, superior to field marshal and other five-star ranks in the states where they are used.
Passive-Aggressive Notes
Passive-Aggressive Notes was a website that documented "painfully polite and hilariously hostile notes from shared spaces the world over"; most of these spaces were shared apartments, offices, or stores.

Passive-Aggressive Notes was similar to other projects like Found Magazine and PostSecret that also collected handwritten notes, and shared a similar "blog" format (where readers sent in their own entries to the site) as the humor sites Photoshop Disasters, Not Always Right, Overheard in the ER,  and Things My Mother Said.

PostSecret
PostSecret is an ongoing community mail art project, created by Frank Warren in 2004, in which people mail their secrets anonymously on a homemade postcard. Selected secrets are then posted on the PostSecret website, or used for PostSecret's books or museum exhibits.
Phonological history of Hindustani
The inherited, native lexicon of the Hindustani language exhibits a large number of extensive sound changes from its Middle Indo-Aryan and Old Indo-Aryan. Many sound changes are shared in common with other Indo-Aryan languages such as Marathi, Punjabi, and Bengali.

Lexicon
A lexicon (pl. lexicons, rarely lexica) is the vocabulary of a language or branch of knowledge (such as nautical or medical).  In linguistics, a lexicon is a language's inventory of lexemes. The word lexicon derives from Greek word λεξικόν (lexikon), neuter of λεξικός (lexikos) meaning 'of or for words'.

Linguistic theories generally regard human languages as consisting of two parts: a lexicon, essentially a catalogue of a language's words (its wordstock); and a grammar, a system of rules which allow for the combination of those words into meaningful sentences. The lexicon is also thought to include bound morphemes, which cannot stand alone as words (such as most affixes). In some analyses, compound words and certain classes of idiomatic expressions, collocations and other phrasemes are also considered to be part of the lexicon. Dictionaries are lists of the lexicon, in alphabetical order, of a given language; usually, however, bound morphemes are not included.
Salem Senators
The Salem Senators are the longest lasting name used by several minor league baseball teams based in Salem in the U.S. state of Oregon. The team name derived from Salem being the capital of Oregon. The team was founded in 1940.  The current incarnation competes in the Mavericks Independent Baseball League.

Mike Fetters
Michael Lee Fetters (born December 19, 1964) is an American former professional baseball pitcher and coach. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for eight teams during his 16–year career from 1989 to 2004. Fetters started his playing career with the California Angels and also played for the Milwaukee Brewers, Oakland Athletics, Baltimore Orioles, Los Angeles Dodgers, Pittsburgh Pirates, the Diamondbacks, and Minnesota Twins. Fetters had his best season in 1996 when he finished fifth in the American League in saves with 32 with the Brewers. Fetters finished his career with 100 saves.
Defensible Barracks, Pembroke Dock
The Defensible Barracks at Pembroke Dock, is a Grade II* listed, Victorian-era fortification and barracks in Pembrokeshire, South Wales. It is a 20-sided stone fort surrounded by a dry moat with masonry walls. A parade ground occupies the centre of the fort. It was built in the mid-1840s to house the Royal Marines based in Pembroke Dockyard and to protect the dockyard.

Military parade
A military parade is a formation of military personnels whose movement is restricted by close-order manoeuvering known as drill or marching. Large military parades are today held on major holidays and military events around the world. Massed parades may also hold a role for propaganda purposes, being used to exhibit the apparent military strength of a country.
The Siege of Mecca
The Siege of Mecca: The Forgotten Uprising in Islam's Holiest Shrine and the Birth of Al Qaeda is a 2007 book by Wall Street Journal correspondent Yaroslav Trofimov about the 1979 Grand Mosque seizure in Mecca.

Hundreds of Islamic radicals led by Saudi preacher Juhayman al-Otaybi invaded the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Islam's holiest shrine, on November 20, 1979. The intruders included men from all over the Muslim world and a handful of American converts. Tens of thousands of worshipers were trapped inside the compound. The battle for the shrine lasted two weeks, causing hundreds of deaths and ending only after the intervention of Saudi National Guard and French special forces.

Yaroslav Trofimov's book provides the first detailed account of this siege. The book is based on interviews with surviving participants and eyewitnesses, including former terrorist supporters of Juhayman al-Otaybi, as well as hundreds of declassified U.S., British and French government documents.

Saudis
Saudis (Arabic: سعوديُّون, romanized: suʿūdiyyūn; local dialects: سعوديين, suʿūdiyyīn) or Saudi Arabians are the citizen population of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, who speak the Arabic language, a Central Semitic language, and share a common ancestry, history, and culture. They are mainly composed of Arabs and live in the five historical Regions: Najd, Hejaz, Asir, Tihamah and Al-Ahsa; the regions which the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded on or what was formerly known as the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd in the Arabian Peninsula. Saudis speak one of the dialects of Peninsular Arabic, including the Hejazi, Najdi, Gulf and Southern dialects (e.g. Bareqi), or South Arabian languages (e.g. Faifi) as a mother tongue.
Ram Soraya
Raam Lalchand Pridhani, better known as Raam Soraya or Ram Soraya, is an entrepreneur and film producer from Indonesia. He is the owner of production house Soraya Intercine Films. He was born in an Indian-Indonesian (Sindhi) family in Surabaya, Indonesia on 4 November 1949.

Before the film industry, he was a textile importer. His career in film began as a distributor for East Java (1972 to 1982). He became a producer in the Budak Nafsu (1983) which won Best Film at the Indonesian Film Festival (FFI) 1984. The film being the result of his own company, PT. Soraya Intercine Films. After that he made films including Sembilan Wali (1985), Permainan Yang Nakal (1986), Saya Suka Kamu Punya (1987) and others.

Soraya's career peak came after taking over production of the Warkop DKI series from Raam Punjabi's Parkit Film. Soraya made the Warkop television series in 1995 until 2007.

In 2013, Soraya received trophy Piala Jati Emas for his work Tenggelamnya Kapal Van Der Wijck

Budak Nafsu
Budak Nafsu (literally Slave to Lust, also known as Fatima) is a 1983 Indonesian film directed by Sjumandjaja and adapted from the 1981 novel Fatima by Titie Said. Starring Jenny Rachman and El Manik, it follows a mother who is forced to serve as a comfort woman for Japanese men stationed in British Malaya in an effort to save her daughter. The film was a commercial success, although critics have emphasised its sexual aspects.
Return on net assets
The return on net assets (RONA) is a measure of financial performance of a company which takes the use of assets into account. Higher RONA means that the company is using its assets and working capital efficiently and effectively. RONA is used by investors to determine how well management is utilizing assets.

Net worth
Net worth is the value of all the non-financial and financial assets owned by an individual or institution minus the value of all its outstanding liabilities. Financial assets minus outstanding liabilities equal net financial assets, so net worth can be expressed as the sum of non-financial assets and net financial assets. This concept can apply to companies, individuals, governments, or economic sectors such as the financial corporations sector, or even entire countries.
Division of the field
In heraldry, the field (background) of a shield can be divided into more than one area, or subdivision, of different tinctures, usually following the lines of one of the ordinaries and carrying its name (e.g. a shield divided in the shape of a chevron is said to be parted "per chevron").  Shields may be divided this way for differencing (to avoid conflict with otherwise similar coats of arms) or for purposes of marshalling (combining two or more coats of arms into one), or simply for style.  The lines that divide a shield may not always be straight, and there is a system of terminology for describing patterned lines, which is also shared with the heraldic ordinaries.

French heraldry takes a different approach in many cases from the one described in this article.

French heraldry
French heraldry is the use of heraldic symbols in France. Although it had a considerable history, existing from the 12th century, such formality has largely died out in France, as far as regulated personal heraldry is concerned. Civic heraldry on the other hand remains a visible part of daily life.

The role of the herald (héraut) in France declined in the 17th century. Today the law recognises both assumed and inherited arms, considering them under law to be equivalent to a visual representation of a name, and given the same protections.  However, there is no central registry of arms; in case of dispute, the individual who can prove the longest right to the blazon must be decided in court.

Many of the terms in international heraldry come from French.
Henry Blackadar
Henry Nicol Blackadar (1803 – November 22, 1852) was a lawyer and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Pictou County from 1840 to 1843 and Pictou township from 1845 to 1851 in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly.

He was baptized in Halifax in December 1803, the son of Charles Blackadar. He began practising as a lawyer around 1825. Blackadar died in Pictou at the age of 48.

Pictou
Pictou (/ˈpɪktoʊ/ PIK-toh; Canadian Gaelic: Baile Phiogto; Mi'kmaq: Piktuk) is a town in Pictou County, in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. Located on the north shore of Pictou Harbour, the town is approximately 10 km (6 miles) north of the larger town of New Glasgow.

Once an active shipping port and the shire town of the county, today Pictou is primarily a local service centre for surrounding rural communities and the primary tourist destination in this region of Nova Scotia.

The name Pictou derives from the Mi'kmaq name Piktuk, meaning 'explosive place', a reference to the river of pitch that was found in the area, or perhaps from methane bubbling up from coal seams below the harbour. The surrounding region formed one part of the Mi'kmaw district Epekwitk aq Piktuk, one of the seven districts of Mi'kma'ki.