hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Giacomo Tazzi Biancani
Giacomo Tazzi Biancani (1729–1789) was an Italian collector, if not archeologist, of ancient antiquities. His manuscripts on Etruscan patera, epigraphy, ancient medals and numismatics were respected by his peers in his native Bologna.

Giacomo was born to an aristocratic family in Bologna. He was a professor of antiquity for the Accademia Fulginentis. Most of his work remained unpublished as manuscripts until his death. He was a member of various scientific societies in Italy. His large library was dispersed after his death. Among his manuscripts are:

Trattato delle pattere antiche

De Foliis (1776)

De cultura morum (1775)

De aere ad plantarum nutritionem atque accretionem

Degl'insetti

De antiquitates studio

De quibusdam Animalium exeuiis lapidefactis

Iter per montana quaedam agri bononiensi loca

Numismatics
Numismatics is the study or collection of currency,  including coins, tokens, paper money, medals, and related objects.

Specialists, known as numismatists, are often characterized as students or collectors of coins, but the discipline also includes the broader study of money and other means of payment used to resolve debts and exchange goods.

The earliest forms of money used by people are categorised by collectors as "odd and curious", but the use of other goods in barter exchange is excluded, even where used as a circulating currency (e.g., cigarettes or instant noodles in prison). As an example, the Kyrgyz people used horses as the principal currency unit, and gave small change in lambskins; the lambskins may be suitable for numismatic study, but the horses are not. Many objects have been used for centuries, such as cowry shells, precious metals, cocoa beans, large stones, and gems.
Imerkhevians
Imerkhevians (Georgian: იმერხეველები), are an ethnographic subgroup of Georgians who speak the Imerkhevian dialect (imerkheuli) of the Georgian language, which shares many common features with the neighboring Adjarian dialect. Imerkhevians are the indigenous population of Artvin Province, an historical region located in northeastern Turkey. The Imerkhevians are Sunni Muslims, closely integrated with the Turkish society. Almost all are bilingual in Georgian and Turkish.

Reflecting some internal differentiation persisting in Turkey's Georgian community, the Imerkhevians claim a different origin from the Georgians in the Borçka area, who have adopted an inclusive Adjar identity. The first who brought the local culture to a scholarly attention was Nicholas Marr, who, while on an expedition in Shavsheti in 1910, collected folk literature and ethnographic information from several villages along the Imerkhevi river.

Nikolai Marr
Nikolai Yakovlevich Marr (Никола́й Я́ковлевич Марр, Nikolay Yakovlevich Marr; ნიკოლოზ იაკობის ძე მარი, Nikoloz Iak'obis dze Mari; 6 January 1865 [O.S. 25 December 1864] — 20 December 1934) was a Georgian-born historian and linguist who gained a reputation as a scholar of the Caucasus during the 1910s before embarking on his "Japhetic theory" on the origin of language (from 1924), now considered as pseudo-scientific, and related speculative linguistic hypotheses.

Marr's hypotheses were used as a rationale in the campaign during the 1920–30s in the Soviet Union of introduction of Latin alphabets for smaller ethnicities of the country. In 1950, the "Japhetic theory" fell from official favour, with Joseph Stalin denouncing it as anti-Marxist.
Caswell Creek
Caswell Creek is a small river in the Hart Ranges of the Northern Rockies of British Columbia.

The creek is named after Mr. Caswell, superintendent of the W.C. Arnett Construction Company, which constructed part of the John Hart Highway in 1954 (Hwy 97).

Hart Ranges
The Hart Ranges are a major subrange of the Canadian Rockies located in northeastern British Columbia and western Alberta. The mountains constitute the southernmost portion of the Northern Rocky Mountains.

The Hart Ranges were named in honour of British Columbia Premier John Hart, as is the highway which traverses the Pine Pass in the northern part of the range, connecting the north-central Interior of the province to the Peace River Regional District to the northeast.
Mustafa Chachi
Mustafa Seydulayevich Chachi (Russian: Мустафа Сейдулаевич Чачи; 25 May 1935 – 15 February 1970) was the director of the 5th division of the "Five-Year Plan of the Uzbek SSR" sovkhoz in Oqqoʻrgʻon District of Tashkent region, Uzbek SSR, and an innovator of organizing productive labor and implementing new methods. He was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor in 1966 and was one of the signatories of the notorious letter of seventeen telling other Crimean Tatars to give up dreams of returning to Crimea.

Oqqoʻrgʻon District
Oqqoʻrgʻon (Uzbek: Oqqoʻrgʻon tumani) is a district of Tashkent Region in Uzbekistan. The capital lies at the city Oqqoʻrgʻon. It has an area of 400 km2 (150 sq mi) and its population is 130,100 (2021 est.).
Aasen
Aasen is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arne Paasche Aasen (1901–1978), Norwegian politician, journalist and poet

Augusta Aasen (1878–1920), Norwegian politician

Elisabeth Aasen (1922–2009), Norwegian politician

Ivar Aasen (1813–1896), Norwegian philologist, lexicographer and writer

John Aasen (1890–1938), American actor

Liv Aasen (1928–2005), Norwegian politician

Mats Zuccarello Aasen (born 1987), Norwegian  ice hockey player

Nils Waltersen Aasen (1878–1925), Norwegian arms inventor

Otto Aasen (1894–1983), Norwegian Nordic skier

Marianne Aasen (born 1967), Norwegian Labour politician

Otto Aasen
Otto Aasen (1 January 1894 – 20 October 1983) was a Norwegian Nordic skier.

He was born in Fåberg, but moved to Rjukan in 1916. He spent his working career at Norsk Hydro in Rjukan from 1916 to 1964.

He won the Nordic combined at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 1917 and 1918. For his Nordic combined victories, Aasen shared the Holmenkollen medal in 1919 with Thorleif Haug. Aasen also competed in ski jumping, and won a silver medal in the individual large hill at the 1926 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Lahti. He also competed in cross-country skiing on a national level.
Record News Santa Catarina
Record News Santa Catarina (channel 6) is a television station in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, affiliated with Record News. The station is owned by Grupo Record, but operated locally by Grupo ND, who also controls the local affiliate of the Record network, NDTV Florianópolis.

Grupo Record
Grupo Record is the third largest media company in Brazil, the company owns several television stations such as Record and Record News, was founded in November 1989 and belongs to the businessman and bishop Edir Macedo.
Harold Jones (rugby, born 1907)
Harold "Hal" James Jones (22 December 1907 – 16 October 1955) was a Welsh rugby union, and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s and 1930s. He played representative level rugby union (RU) for Wales, and at club level for Neath RFC, Maesteg RFC, Cardiff RFC, Glamorgan Police RFC and Glamorgan County RFC, as a lock and representative level rugby league (RL) for Wales, and at club level for Wigan and Keighley as a prop, or second-row.

Glamorgan Police RFC
Glamorgan Police RFC was a Welsh rugby union team that served the Glamorgan Police force before the amalgamation of the four district police forces of South Wales in 1969. The team was the most notable of the four early police rugby teams of Wales, supplying several notable players to the Wales national team.
Giovanni Lazzoni
Giovanni Lazzoni (1618 – after 1687) was an Italian sculptor of the Baroque period.

He was born in Massa di Carrara, but worked for years in Rome, the Duchy of Modena, and for the Republic of Lucca. He completed the statues of Athena and Mercury on the facade of the Ducal Palace of Modena. He also worked in the Ducal Palace of Sassuolo. Among his masterworks is a marble relief for San Giovanni Laterano in Rome depicting the Resurrection of Christ. Two of his sons, Andrea and Tomaso, were also artists.

Massa, Tuscany
Massa  (Italian: [ˈmassa] ⓘ; Emilian: Masa) is a town and comune in Tuscany, central Italy, the administrative centre of the province of Massa and Carrara. It is located in the Frigido River Valley, near the Alpi Apuane, 5 km (3 mi) from the Tyrrhenian Sea.
Defensio Secunda
Defension Secunda was a 1654 political tract by the English polemicist John Milton. It was a sequel to his Defensio pro Populo Anglicano. It is a defence of the Parliamentary regime, then controlled by Oliver Cromwell; and also a defense Milton's own reputation against a royalist tract published under the name Salmasius in 1652, and other criticism lodged against him.

In the work, Milton argues for the right of the individual against the control of a government or a religious authority. He also attacks the concept of titles and other forms of pomposity, a theme that reoccurs later in the figure of Satan from his Paradise Lost. Besides discussing his views on politics, Milton includes autobiographical texts in the tract, explaining to his readers his experiences in early life and his educational background.

Royalist
A royalist supports a particular monarch as head of state for a particular kingdom, or of a particular dynastic claim. In the abstract, this position is royalism. It is distinct from monarchism, which advocates a monarchical system of government, but not necessarily a particular monarch. Most often, the term royalist is applied to a supporter of a current regime or one that has been recently overthrown to form a republic.

In the United Kingdom, the term is currently almost indistinguishable from "monarchist", as there are no significant rival claimants to the throne. Conversely, in 19th-century France, a royalist might be either a Legitimist, Bonapartist, or an Orléanist, all being monarchists.
7th Hong Kong Film Awards
The 7th Hong Kong Awards ceremony, honored the best films of 1987 and took place on 10 April 1988 at Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts, Wan Chai, Hong Kong. The ceremony was hosted by Lydia Shum and Paul Chung, during the ceremony awards are presented in 14 categories. The ceremony was sponsored by City Entertainment Magazine.

Lydia Shum
Lydia Shum Din-ha or Lydia Sum Tin-ha (Chinese: 沈殿霞; 21 July 1945 – 19 February 2008) was a Hong Kong comedian, emcee, actress and singer. Known for her portly figure, signature dark-rimmed glasses and bouffant hairstyle, she was affectionately known to peers and fans as Fei-fei (肥肥, lit. "Fat Fat" or "Fatty") or Fei Jie (肥姐 lit. "Fat Sister").
Grégory Saint-Géniès
Grégory Saint-Géniès (born 23 May 1977 in Maisons-Alfort) is a French skeleton racer who has competed since 2002. His best World Cup finish was 18th in the men's event twice (2005, 2009).

Saint-Géniès' best finish at the FIBT World Championships was 16th in the men's event at St. Moritz in 2007.

He competed at the 2010 Winter Olympics where he finished 15th.

IBSF World Championships (bobsleigh and skeleton)
The IBSF World Championships (known as the FIBT World Championships until 2015), part of the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation, have taken place on an annual basis since 1930. Starting with 2002, World Championships are not being held in Winter Olympic years. A two-man event was included in 1931 with a combined championship occurring in 1947. Men's skeleton was introduced as a championship of its own in 1982 while women's bobsleigh and skeleton events were introduced in 2000. Both the women's bobsleigh and skeleton events were merged with the men's bobsleigh events at the 2004 championships. A mixed team event, consisting of one run each of men's skeleton, women's skeleton, 2-man bobsleigh, and 2-women bobsleigh, was held from 2007 to 2019. In 2020 it was replaced with skeleton mixed team event, consisting of one run each of men's and women's skeleton. Women's monobob event was included in 2021.
Seif Eissa
Seif Eissa (Egyptian Arabic: سيف عيسى; born 15 June 1998) is an Egyptian Taekwondo practitioner & a Bronze medalist at the 2020 Summer Olympics. He won a bronze medal at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics in Nanjing, China. He also earned a gold medal at the 2015 African Games in Gaborone.

In 2020, he competed in the men's 80 kg event at the 2020 African Taekwondo Olympic Qualification Tournament in Rabat, Morocco and he qualified to represent Egypt at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.

At the 2021 African Taekwondo Championships held in Dakar, Senegal, he won the gold medal in the men's 80 kg event. A few months later, at the 2020 Summer Olympics, he won one of the bronze medals in the 80 kg event.

He won the gold medal in the men's 80 kg event at the 2022 Mediterranean Games held in Oran, Algeria. He competed in the men's 80 kg event at the 2024 Summer Olympics held in Paris, France.

2014 Summer Youth Olympics
The 2014 Summer Youth Olympics (Chinese: 2014年夏季青年奧林匹克运动会; pinyin: Èr líng yī sì Nián Xiàjì Qīngnián Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì), officially known as the II Summer Youth Olympic Games Chinese: 第二届夏季青年奧林匹克运动会; pinyin: Dì'èrjiè Xiàjì Qīngnián Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì, and commonly known as Nanjing 2014 (Chinese: 南京2014; pinyin: Nánjīng Èr Líng yī sì), were the second Summer Youth Olympic Games, an international sports, education and cultural festival for teenagers, held from 16 to 28 August 2014 in Nanjing, China. These were the first Youth Olympic Games held in China, making it the first country to host both regular and Youth Olympics following the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing and the first Youth Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Thomas Bach.
Outlet Collection at Niagara
Outlet Collection at Niagara is Canada's largest open-air outlet shopping mall and is located in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada. It opened on May 15, 2014.

Located a 10-minute drive from Niagara Falls, 15 minutes from the US border and 90 minutes from the City of Toronto, the property is situated along the QEW highway connecting the Greater Toronto Area and Niagara Falls.

The property features over 110+ fashion and lifestyle retailers, including Bass Pro Shops, Aritzia, Lululemon, Nike, Saks Off 5th, Coach, Under Armour, Marshalls, Michael Kors, Kate Spade and Moose Knuckles, plus many more.

White Oaks Resort and Spa are adjacent to the property.

Michael Kors
Michael David Kors (born Karl Anderson Jr.; August 9, 1959) is an American fashion designer. He is the chief creative officer of his brand, Michael Kors, which sells men's and women's ready-to-wear, accessories, watches, jewelry, footwear, and fragrance. On January 2, 2019, Michael Kors Holdings Limited officially changed its name to Capri Holdings Limited (NYSE: CPRI). As of December 2025, Michael Kors and Jimmy Choo are the two founder-led brands under Capri Holdings Limited.
Helen Hyslop
Helen Hyslop, also Nelly or Ellen Hyslop was a 'noted local beauty' in Moffat and a strong local tradition maintains that Robert Burns was for some time a great admirer of her and that she had an affair with him. A daughter, also Helen, is said to have been born as a result of this liaison. Parish records show that a Helen Hyslop, the mother of Burns's possible daughter, was born in the area in 1766, her parents being John Hyslop and Janet Howatson of Langholm.

Langholm
Langholm /ˈlæŋəm/, also known colloquially as the "Muckle Toon", is a burgh in Dumfries and Galloway, southern Scotland. Langholm lies between four hills in the valley of the River Esk in the Southern Uplands.
Joseph Tomlinson (civil engineer)
Joseph Tomlinson (June 22, 1816 – May 10, 1905) was an English-American engineer and architect who built bridges and lighthouses in Canada and the United States. In 1868, he co-designed and oversaw the construction of the Hannibal Bridge, the first permanent crossing of the Missouri River. He was the first person to hold the position of General Superintendent of Lighthouses for the new Dominion of Canada, holding that position beginning in January 1870. For eight years, he worked building railroad bridges for the Canadian government, and designed one of the most impressive bridges on the Canadian Pacific Railway where it crossed the Fraser River. He designed a railroad bridge over the Ashtabula River in Ohio, but was fired from the project after he refused to make supervisor-ordered changes to the design which he considered unsafe. The bridge failed on December 29, 1876, killing 92 people in a train derailment.

Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway
The Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway, established in 1869, and sometimes referred to as the Lake Shore, was a major part of the New York Central Railroad's Water Level Route from Buffalo, New York, to Chicago, Illinois, primarily along the south shore of Lake Erie (in New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio) and across northern Indiana. The line's trackage remains a major rail transportation corridor used by Amtrak passenger trains and several freight lines; in 1998, its ownership was split at Cleveland, Ohio, between CSX Transportation to the east and Norfolk Southern Railway in the west.
Efbemalenograstim alfa
Efbemalenograstim alfa, sold under the brand name Ryzneuta, is a medication used to decrease the incidence of infection in chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. It is a leukocyte growth factor. It is given by subcutaneous injection.

The most common side effects of efbemalenograstim alfa are nausea, anemia, and thrombocytopenia.

Efbemalenograstim alfa is an immunostimulant/colony stimulating factor that belongs to the class of hematopoietic growth factors (granulocyte colony stimulating factor; G CSF) which increase the production and differentiation of mature and functionally active neutrophils from bone marrow precursor cells. It was approved for medical use in China in May 2023, in the United States in November 2023, and in the European Union in March 2024.

ClinicalTrials.gov
ClinicalTrials.gov is a registry of clinical trials. It is run by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health, and holds registrations from over 444,000 trials from 221 countries.
Mahmoud Hanandeh
Mahmoud Hanandeh (1937–1970; Arabic: القاضي محمود ضيف الله عقله الهناندة) was a Jordanian Attorney-General of multiple provinces in the 1960s, and President of the Court of Cassation. Born in Aydoun in northern Jordan, Hanandeh studied in Irbid's schools, and then studied at the University of Damascus (named Syrian University until 1958) where he graduated with a law degree in 1960. He worked as an attorney for a year. He then was appointed as President of the Court of Cassation the highest court in Jordanian judiciary, then Attorney-General of Al-Salt, followed by Attorney-General of Amman, and subsequently a lawyer of Zarqa's Court of First Instance.

Irbid Governorate
Irbid or Irbed (Arabic: إربد) is a governorate in Jordan, located north of Amman, the country's capital. The capital of the governorate is the city of Irbid. The governorate has the second largest population in Jordan after Amman Governorate, and the highest population density in the country.
Lillomarka
Lillomarka is an area located to the northeast of Oslo, Norway. It is a part of Oslomarka and serves as a popular recreational area. Lillomarka is bordered by Maridalen and Nordmarka in the west, Nittedal and Gjelleråsen in the east, the suburbs Bjerke and Grorud in the south and the Gjøvik rail line and Movatn in the north.

Movatn
Movann is a lake at the northern end of the village of Sørbråten in Maridalen valley in Nordmarka, a forested part of Oslo, Norway. It has a train station on the Gjøvik Line. The population of Sørbråten is 317.
Andernach station
Andernach station is the transportation hub of the city of Andernach in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It is a mid-sized station with thousands of passengers each day. It is currently classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 3 station. It has four passenger platforms (tracks 1, 2, 3 and 24), three with a length of more than 280 m, and sidings and freight tracks. It is on the Left Rhine line (German: Linke Rheinstrecke) and is the terminus of the Cross Eifel Railway (Eifelquerbahn). In addition to passenger operations, the station has container and freight operations to the east of the station, particularly serving the tin plate manufacturer, Rasselstein.

In the station forecourt, there is a bus station, served by all city buses and regional bus services to Mayen, Neuwied and Ochtendung. The regional bus service to Maria Laach stops 50 metres from the bus station.

Neuwied
Neuwied (German pronunciation: [nɔʏˈviːt] ⓘ, lit. 'New Wied') is a town in the north of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, capital of the District of Neuwied. Neuwied lies on the east bank of the Rhine, 12 km northwest of Koblenz, on the railway from Frankfurt am Main to Cologne. The town has 13 suburban administrative districts: Heimbach-Weis, Gladbach, Engers, Oberbieber, Niederbieber, Torney, Segendorf, Altwied, Block, Irlich, Feldkirchen, Heddesdorf and Rodenbach. The largest is Heimbach-Weis, with approximately 8000 inhabitants.
Antonio Chatman
Antonio Tavaras Chatman (born February 12, 1979) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver and punt returner in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Cincinnati Bearcats and was signed by the San Francisco 49ers as an undrafted free agent in 2002.

Chatman also played for the Chicago Rush, Green Bay Packers and Cincinnati Bengals.

Cincinnati Bearcats football
The Cincinnati Bearcats football team represents the University of Cincinnati in college football. They compete at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level as members of the Big 12 Conference. They have played their home games in historic and renovated Nippert Stadium since 1924. The Bearcats have an all-time record of over .500, having reached their 600th program victory in 2017.
Road 11 (Iran)
Road 11 is a road in  northwestern Iran. It connects the city of Jolfa near the border with Azerbaijan to the cities of Urmia, Mahabad, Sardasht, Baneh. It ends to the south of Baneh when it finally meets the Iraq border. It has a total length of 525 kilometres (326 mi).

Mahabad
Mahabad (Persian: مهاباد) is a city in the Central District of Mahabad County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. Due to its historic significance to Kurdish nationalism, Mahabad is seen as the capital of Iranian Kurdistan by the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization.
Philip Hugh Padwick
Philip Hugh Padwick (ROI, RBA; 1876–1958) was an English painter noted for his oil landscapes. His work was impressionistic and fluid, utilising bold colours.

Padwick was a member of the Royal Society of British Artists (RBA). In 1929, he exhibited at the Royal Academy of Arts with two pieces, Harbour Scene and Scene in Yorkshire.

Padwick's work has been exhibited in London at the Barbizon House, the Chenil Gallery, the Fine Art Society, the International Society, the New English Art Club, the Royal Society of British Artists, the Ridley Gallery, the Royal Institute of Oil Painters. He has also been exhibited at the Royal Hibernian Academy in Dublin, the Royal Scottish Academy in Edinburgh, the Royal Cambrian Academy of Art in Conwy, Wales, and the Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool.

There are currently 33 of Padwick's paintings on display in art galleries across the UK.

Philip Padwick died in 1958 at Midhurst, West Sussex, aged 82.

Royal Scottish Academy
The Royal Scottish Academy (RSA) is the country's national academy of art. It promotes contemporary Scottish art.

The Academy was founded in 1826 by eleven artists meeting in Edinburgh. Originally named the Scottish Academy, it became the Royal Scottish Academy on being granted a royal charter in 1838.

The RSA maintains a unique position in the country as an independently funded institution led by eminent artists and architects to promote and support the creation, understanding, and enjoyment of visual arts through exhibitions and related educational events.