hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scrabble School
Scrabble School is a historic Rosenwald school for African-American children located near Castleton, Rappahannock County, Virginia. It was built in 1921–1922, and is a one-story, wood-frame building clad in rough-cast stucco siding.  The building sits on a poured concrete foundation.  It features overhanging eaves, a wood cornice, exposed rafter tails, and
decorative corner brackets in the American Craftsman style.  Also on the property are the contributing concrete block coal house/shed (c. 1950) and septic tanks / privy sites (c. 1922).  The school was permanently closed in 1968.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

Outhouse
An outhouse — known variously across the English-speaking world otherwise as bog, dunny, long-drop, or privy — is a small structure, separate from a house or main building, which covers a toilet. This is typically either a pit latrine or a bucket toilet, but other forms of dry (non-flushing) toilets may be encountered. The term may also be used to denote the toilet itself, not just the structure.

Outhouses were in use in cities of developed countries (e.g. Australia) well into the second half of the twentieth century. They are still common in rural areas and also in cities of developing countries. Outhouses that are covering pit latrines in densely populated areas can cause groundwater pollution.
Gwynneth Knowles
Dame Gwynneth Frances Dietlinde Knowles DBE (born 11 July 1962), styled Mrs Justice Knowles is a British High Court judge of the Family Division.

Born in Oxford, Knowles attended Southill Sixth Form College. She was called to the bar in 1993 and was appointed King's Counsel in 2011. She previously worked for Atlantic Chambers in Liverpool.

She is fluent in German.

In 2007, she was appointed as a fee-paid Tribunal Judge for the First-tier Tribunal, Health, Education and Social Care Chamber.

In 2017, she was appointed as a High Court judge and assigned to the Family Division. She received the customary damehood from Elizabeth II in the same year.

Tribunals in the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, a tribunal is a specialist court with jurisdiction over a certain area of civil law. Tribunals are generally designed to be more informal and accessible than 'traditional' courts.

They form part of the national system of administrative justice, with tribunals classed as non-departmental public bodies (NDPBs).

Examples of tribunals include employment tribunals, the Gender Recognition Panel, the Planning Inspectorate and the Company Names Tribunal.

Though it has grown up on an ad hoc basis since the beginning of the twentieth century, from 2007 reforms were put in place to build a unified system with recognised judicial authority, routes of appeal and regulatory supervision. The UK tribunal system is headed by the Senior President of Tribunals.
Thames Ditton Foundry
The Thames Ditton Foundry was a foundry in Thames Ditton, Surrey, which operated from 1874 to 1939 and which under various owners produced numerous major statues and monuments as one of the United Kingdom's leading firms of bronze founders.

Matthew Noble
Matthew Noble (23 March 1817 – 23 June 1876) was a leading British portrait sculptor. Carver of numerous monumental figures and busts including work, memorializing Victorian era royalty and statesmen, displayed in locations such as Westminster Abbey, St Paul's Cathedral and Parliament Square, London.
PointClear
PointClear is an American sales company that works with business-to-business companies in lead generation and outsourced prospecting.

It uses a multiple-touch system, meaning that it contacts leads repeatedly via phone, voicemail, and email. The company is headquartered in Norcross, Georgia.

Business-to-business
Business-to-business (B2B or, in some countries, BtoB or B4B) refers to trade and commercial activity where a business sees other businesses as its customer base. This typically occurs when:

A business sources materials for its production process for output (e.g., a food manufacturer purchasing salt), i.e. providing raw material to the other company that will produce output.

A business needs the services of another for operational reasons (e.g., a food manufacturer employing an accountancy firm to audit their finances).

A business re-sells goods and services produced by others (e.g., a retailer buying the end product from the food manufacturer).

Business-to-business activity is thought to allow business segmentation.

B2B is often contrasted with business-to-consumer (B2C) trade, the latter of which typically sells directly to the general public and consumers, rather than other businesses and organisations.
Ingólfr Arnarson
Ingólfr Arnarson, in some sources named Björnólfsson, (c. 849 – c. 910)
is commonly recognized as the first Icelander, when he became the first Norse settler of Iceland, together with his wife Hallveig Fróðadóttir and foster brother Hjǫrleifr Hróðmarsson. According to tradition, they settled in Reykjavík in 874.

Norsemen
The Norsemen (or Northmen) were a Germanic cultural group in the Early Middle Ages, originating among speakers of Old Norse in Scandinavia. During the late eighth century, Scandinavians embarked on a large-scale expansion in all directions, giving rise to the Viking Age. In English-language scholarship since the 19th century, Norse seafaring traders, settlers and warriors have commonly been referred to as Vikings.

Historians of Anglo-Saxon England often use the term "Norse" in a different sense, distinguishing between Norse Vikings (Norsemen) from Norway, who mainly invaded and occupied the islands north and north-west of Britain as well as Ireland and western Britain, and Danish Vikings, who principally invaded and occupied eastern Britain.
Boys in Black
Boys in Black were an Australian five-piece vocal group which included three brothers Ben, Bob and Paul Bob. Their cover version of Bee Gees' song, "More Than a Woman" (1993), reached the top 50 on both New Zealand and Australian singles charts. All members had a Polynesian background. They performed the track on Australian TV's The Midday Show in April 1993. Their final single, "It's Alright", appeared in 1998.

More Than a Woman (Bee Gees song)
"More Than a Woman" is a song by musical group the Bee Gees, written by Barry, Robin, and Maurice Gibb for the soundtrack to the film Saturday Night Fever. It became a regular feature of the group's live sets from 1977 until Maurice Gibb's death in 2003 and was often coupled with "Night Fever".
Ram Gopal Agarwala
Ram Gopal Agarwala (15 September 1914 - 13 November 1972) was an Indian politician. He was a Member of Parliament, representing Bihar in the Rajya Sabha the upper house of India's Parliament as a member of the Indian National Congress.

Upper house
An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house. The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller and often has more restricted power than the lower house. A legislature composed of only one house (and which therefore has neither an upper house nor a lower house) is described as unicameral.
Jack Schroeder
Jack Schroeder (August 21, 1925 – December 19, 2017) was an American politician in the state of Iowa.

Schroeder was born in Davenport, Iowa. He attended law school at Drake University and was a lawyer. He was also a former chairman of the board of directors and chief executive officer of General Life of Iowa Investment Company and General Life of Iowa Insurance Company. He is also a veteran of the U.S. Navy Air Forces. Schroeder served in the Iowa House from 1951 to 1955 for district 43, and in the State Senate from 1955 to 1967. In the Senate, he represented District 21 from 1955 to 1963, and District 17 from 1963 to 1967. In the 58th Iowa General Assembly, he was majority leader of the Senate.

Drake University
Drake University is a private university in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It offers over 140 undergraduate and graduate programs, including professional programs in business, education, law, and pharmacy. Drake University Law School was founded in 1865, which makes it one of the 25 oldest law schools in the United States.
Richard de Redvers (died 1107)
Richard de Vernon seigneur de Redvers (or Reviers, Rivers, or Latinised to de Ripariis ("from the river-banks")) (fl. c. 1066 – 8 September 1107), 1st feudal baron of Plympton in Devon, was a Norman nobleman who may have been one of the companions of William the Conqueror during the Norman conquest of England from 1066. His origins are obscure, but after acting as one of the principal supporters of Henry I in his struggle against his brother Robert Curthose for control of the English throne, de Redvers was rewarded with estates that made him one of the richest magnates in the country. He was once thought to have been created the first Earl of Devon, but this theory is now discounted in favour of his son Baldwin.

Companions of William the Conqueror
William the Conqueror had men of diverse standing and origins under his command at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. With these and other men he went on in the five succeeding years to conduct the Harrying of the North and complete the Norman conquest of England.

The term "Companions of the Conqueror" in the widest sense signifies those who planned, organised and joined with William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, in the great adventure which was the Norman Conquest (1066-1071). The term is however more narrowly defined as those nobles who actually fought with Duke William in the Battle of Hastings. This article is concerned with the latter narrow definition.
Water Utilities Corporation
Water Utilities Corporation  (WUC) is a government-owned corporation that provides water and waste water management services in Botswana.
The Board is appointed by the Minister of Minerals, Energy and Water Resources.
The water supply is critically important in the arid or semi-arid environment of Botswana.

Lobatse
Lobatse is a town in south-eastern Botswana, 70 kilometres south of the capital Gaborone, situated in a valley running north towards Gaborone and on the border with South Africa. Lobatse has a population of 29,772 as of 2022. The town is an administrative district, with a town council.
Cascia
Cascia (Italian pronunciation: [ˈkaʃʃa]) is a town and comune (municipality) of the Italian province of Perugia in a rather remote area of the mountainous southeastern corner of Umbria.

It is about 21 km from Norcia on the road to Rieti in the Lazio (63 km).

Umbria
Umbria (/ˈʌmbriə/ UM-bree-ə; Italian: [ˈumbrja]) is a region of central Italy. It includes Lake Trasimeno and Marmore Falls, and is crossed by the Tiber. It is the only landlocked region on the Apennine Peninsula. The capital is Perugia. The region has 851,954 inhabitants as of 2025.

The region is characterized by hills, mountains, thick forests, valleys and historical towns such as the university centre of Perugia, Assisi (a World Heritage Site associated with St. Francis of Assisi), Terni, Norcia, Città di Castello, Gubbio, Spoleto, Orvieto, Todi, Castiglione del Lago, Narni, Amelia, Spello and other small cities.
Hendra Bambang Wisanggeni Soerjaatmadja
Ratu Bagus Hendra Bambang Wisanggeni Soerjaatmadja, M.B.A. (EYD: Ratu Bagus Hendra Bambang Wisanggeni Suryaatmaja; born 31 August 1954) is the 18th sultan of Banten who was crowned on December 11, 2016 with the title of Sultan Syarif Muhammad ash-Shafiuddin Azmatkhan al-Husaini.

Soerjaatmadja was officially crowned as Sultan who led Bantenese people on custom and culture during the celebration of Mawlid at the Great Mosque of Banten, Serang. Ahmad Muhtadi Dimyathi, an influential cleric in Banten is one of the figures who confirmed Soerjaatmadja as sultan.

Indonesian orthography
Indonesian orthography refers to the official spelling system used in the Indonesian language. The current system uses the Latin script and is called Ejaan yang Disempurnakan (EYD), commonly translated as Enhanced Spelling, Perfected Spelling or Improved Spelling.
Nicolas Rigault
Nicolas Rigault (Rigaltius; 1577-1654) was a French classical scholar.

Born in Paris, he was educated by the Jesuits. He was successively councillor of the parlement of Metz, procurator general at Nancy, and intendant of the province of Toul.

He prepared annotated editions of Phaedrus, Martial, Juvenal, Tertullian, Minucius Felix, Saint Cyprian, and also some mixed collections: Rei accipitrariæ scriptores, 1612; Rei agrariae scriptores, 1613.

He acted as librarian to Louis XIII. He used a pseudonym J. B. Aeduus.

Parlement
Under the French Ancien Régime, a parlement (French pronunciation: [paʁləmɑ̃] ⓘ) was a provincial appellate court of the Kingdom of France. In 1789, France had 13 parlements, the original and most important of which was the Parlement of Paris. Though both the modern French term parlement (for the legislature) and the English word "parliament" derive from this French term, the Ancien Régime parlements were not legislative bodies and the modern and ancient terminology are not interchangeable.
Sunday of the Holy Forefathers
Sunday of the Holy Forefathers or Sunday of the Holy Forefathers of Jesus Christ (Κυριακή των Προπατόρων) is a Christian holiday that is always celebrated on a Sunday and always on the second Sunday before Christmas in the Eastern Orthodox Church and in the Eastern Catholic Churches using the Byzantine Rite. The beginning of the celebration is December 11. If December 11 is a weekday, then the holiday is postponed until the following Sunday. This can be perceived in the year 2024: December 11 was a Wednesday, therefore, the holiday was celebrated four days later on Sunday, December 15.

The Sunday that falls between December 11 to 17 is known as the Sunday of the Holy Forefathers. It honors the ancestors of the Old Testament, Those who lived before and under the Law, and those of the flesh, namely the Patriarch Abraham whom the Lord said unto "In thy seed shall all of the nations of the earth be blessed" (Genesis 12:3, 22:18).

Holiday
A holiday is a day or other period of time set aside for festivals or recreation. Public holidays are set by public authorities and vary by state or region. Religious holidays are set by religious organisations for their members and are often also observed as public holidays in religious majority countries. Some religious holidays, such as Christmas, have become secularised by part or all of those who observe them. In addition to secularisation, many holidays have become commercialised due to the growth of industry.

Holidays can be thematic, celebrating or commemorating particular groups, events, or ideas, or non-thematic, days of rest that do not have any particular meaning. In Commonwealth English, the term can refer to any period of rest from work, such as vacations or school holidays. In American English, "the holidays" typically refers to the period from Thanksgiving to New Year's (late November to January 1), which contains many important holidays in American culture.
Margareta Kozuch
Margareta Anna "Maggie" Kozuch (Polish: Małgorzata Kożuch; born 30 October 1986) is a German volleyball player who played for Atom Trefl Sopot, and previously played as a wing-spiker for TuS Berne Hamburg, CVMJ Hamburg, TV Fischbek (who changed their name to NA Hamburg), and Unicom Starker Kerakoll Sassuolo.

She was Hamburg's sportswoman of the year in 2005. She represented the German women's national volleyball team in the FIVB World Grand Prix 2009.

She was German sportswoman of the year in 2010. She is of Polish origin.

2009 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix
The FIVB World Grand Prix 2009 is a women's volleyball tournament that was played by 12 countries from 31 July to 23 August 2009. The finals were held at the Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium in Tokyo, Japan. Brazil, United States, Dominican Republic and  Puerto Rico qualified for the tournament at the 2008 Women's Pan-American Cup in Mexicali and Tijuana, Mexico.
Charles Braibant
Charles Braibant  (31 March 1889, in Villemomble – 23 April 1976, in Paris) was a French archivist, author and novelist.

After qualifying as an archivist from the École Nationale des Chartes in 1914, he served as head of the archive and library service of the French navy ("Chef du service des archives et bibliothèques de la Marine") from 1919 to 1944. While in this post, he found time to write a number of fiction and non-fiction books, and his novel Le roi dort won the Prix Renaudot in 1933.

He was Director of the National Archives of France from 1948 to 1959, and President of the International Council on Archives from 1950 to 1954.

In retirement he wrote some further non-fiction books, including Félix Faure à l’Élysée (1963) and Histoire de la Tour Eiffel (1964).

Félix Faure
Félix François Faure (French: [feliks fʁɑ̃swa fɔʁ] ⓘ; 30 January 1841 – 16 February 1899) was President of France from 1895 until his death in 1899. A native of Paris, he worked as a tanner in his younger years. Faure became a member of the Chamber of Deputies for Seine-Inférieure in 1881. He rose to prominence in national politics up until unexpectedly assuming the presidency, during which time France's relations with Russia improved.

According to David Bell, Felix Faure was born in Paris and moved to Le Havre where he became a successful shipowner. He moved up from local politics and was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1881. He started  as a junior minister and became minister for marine and colonies. He was elected seventh president of the Third Republic in 1895 and died in office in 1899.
Orestias (plant)
Orestias is a genus of orchids. It has 4 known species, all native to central Africa, including the island of São Tomé in the Gulf of Guinea.

Orestias elegans Ridl. - São Tomé, Príncipe

Orestias foliosa Summerh. in G.M.D.Troupin - Gabon, Zaire

Orestias micrantha Summerh. - São Tomé, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea

Orestias stelidostachya (Rchb.f.) Summerh. - São Tomé

Gulf of Guinea
The Gulf of Guinea (French: Golfe de Guinée; Spanish: Golfo de Guinea; Portuguese: Golfo da Guiné) is the northeasternmost part of the tropical Atlantic Ocean from Cape Lopez in Gabon, north and west to Cape Palmas in Liberia. Null Island, defined as the intersection of the Equator and Prime Meridian (zero degrees latitude and longitude), is in the gulf.

Among the many rivers that drain into the Gulf of Guinea are the Niger and the Volta. The coastline on the gulf includes the Bight of Benin and the Bight of Bonny.
Di Bello
Di Bello is an Italian family name of disputed origin, originating from the Latin word "di" meaning "of" and "bello", referring to a first name that can be of English, German, or Spanish origin as well as Italian. Notable people with the surname include:

Carla DiBello, American businesswoman, film producer, and columnist

César Di Bello, Argentine actor

Marco Di Bello (born 1981), Italian football referee

Rossana Di Bello (1956–2021), Italian politician

César Di Bello
César Di Bello is a filmmaker, theater director and actor. His preferred themes to explore are the drama of immigration, class differences, the intricacies of relationships and family dynamics.

He was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina. When he was 7 years old he moved with his family to Madrid, Spain.
Winifred Penn-Gaskell
Winifred Ethel Penn-Gaskell (12 November 1874 – 6 November 1949) was a British philatelist who in 1938 was the first woman to be added to the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists. She was a specialist in aerophilately, and the philately of the Peru-Chile war. Penn-Gaskell was president of the Aero-Philatelic Club, London, and her collection of airmail and associated material was bequeathed to the Science Museum, South Kensington.

Philately
Philately (/fɪˈlætəli/; fih-LAT-ə-lee) is the study of postage stamps and postal history. It also refers to the collection and appreciation of stamps and other philatelic products. While closely associated with stamp collecting and the study of postage, it is possible to be a philatelist without owning any stamps. For instance, the stamps being studied may be very rare or reside only in museums.
It Began in Afrika
"It Began in Afrika" is a song by British electronic music duo the Chemical Brothers. It was released as the first single from their fourth album, Come with Us, on 10 September 2001. Originally named "Electronic Battle Weapon 5" and released for DJs as a white label in June 2001, "It Began in Afrika" became a hit in clubs and was renamed for its official release. The song contains vocal samples from the track "Drumbeat" by American musician Jim Ingram, who was given a writing credit.

The official release of the song came four months before Come with Us. The song received positive reviews from critics and reached number eight on the UK Singles Chart. Despite this, the song does not feature on either of the standard versions of their singles compilations Singles 93–03 or Brotherhood, although the latter featured the original white label version on its bonus disc.

Singles 93–03
Singles 93–03 is a compilation album by English electronic music duo The Chemical Brothers, released on 22 September 2003. It is a collection of singles from the duo between 1993 and 2003 (though not all the singles are included), plus two new songs "Get Yourself High" and "The Golden Path". Early copies of the CD came with a bonus CD. It was certified gold by the BPI on 24 October 2003.

"Otter Rock", which is featured on the bonus disc as a previously unreleased song, also appears on The Big Noise (a charity CD released in The Guardian for Oxfam).
Katie A. McLaughlin
Katie A. McLaughlin is an American clinical psychologist and developmental scientist whose research examines how childhood adversity and stress influence brain development and risk for mental disorders. She is the Executive Director of the Ballmer Institute for Children's Behavioral Health and Knight Chair and Professor of Psychology at the University of Oregon. She is internationally recognized for her contributions to developmental psychopathology, including the conceptualization of “dimensional models” of adversity and the identification of neurodevelopmental mechanisms linking early-life stress to later psychopathology.

Her work integrates psychology, neuroscience, and epidemiology to improve understanding of how social inequality and environmental experiences shape mental health across the lifespan. She has been recognized as a Highly Cited Researcher by Web of Science each year since 2016 and is a Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science.

Web of Science
The Web of Science (WoS; previously known as Web of Knowledge) is a paid-access platform that provides (typically via the internet) access to multiple databases that provide reference and citation data from academic journals, conference proceedings, and other documents in various academic disciplines.

Until 1997, it was originally produced by the Institute for Scientific Information. It is currently owned by Clarivate.

Web of Science currently contains 79 million records in the core collection and 171 million records on the platform.
N. Palaniswamy
N. Palaniswamy is an Indian politician and was a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as a Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) candidate from Singanallur constituency in the 1996 election.

1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election
The eleventh legislative assembly election of Tamil Nadu was held on 2 May 1996 to elect members from 234 constituencies for the state legislature. The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) led front won the election securing 221 seats in the 234 seat Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly, and its leader M. Karunanidhi, became the chief minister.

In the tenth Tamil Nadu assembly, All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) held the majority with its leader J. Jayalalithaa as the chief minister. The elections resulted in a landslide defeat for the incumbent government, with the AIADMK winning only four seats. Outgoing chief minister Jayalalithaa lost the election from the Bargur, and became the first incumbent chief minister since M. Bakthavatsalam in 1967 to lose the elections.