hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Disk cloning
Disk cloning is the process of duplicating all data on a digital storage drive, such as a hard disk or solid state drive, using hardware or software techniques. Unlike file copying, disk cloning also duplicates the filesystems, partitions, drive meta data and slack space on the drive. Common reasons for cloning a drive include; data backup and recovery; duplicating a computer's configuration for mass deployment and for preserving data for digital forensics purposes. Drive cloning can be used in conjunction with drive imaging where the cloned data is saved to one or more files on another drive rather than copied directly to another drive.

Fragmentation (computing)
In computer storage, fragmentation is a phenomenon in the computer system which involves the distribution of data in to smaller pieces which storage space, such as computer memory or a hard drive, is used inefficiently, reducing capacity or performance and often both. The exact consequences of fragmentation depend on the specific system of storage allocation in use and the particular form of fragmentation. In many cases, fragmentation leads to storage space being "wasted", and programs will tend to run inefficiently due to the shortage of memory.
Kathleen Gibson
Kathleen Gibson (born Kitty Stride, 1915–1974) was a British actress who developed her craft in repertory theatre. In 1932, Gibson played one of the friends of the character D'Recamier (Pearl Argyle) in the Frederick Ashton ballet "Magic Nights".

Gibson was discovered by C. B. Cochran, who made her one of Cochran's Young Ladies. On 30 November 1933, she played Ena Hawkins in a production of Mr. Whittington at the Alhambra Theatre, Glasgow, starring alongside Jack Buchanan. A review published in The Stage in December 1933 said that Gibson "looks pretty in the part of Ena and performs some very neat dancing". The show went on tour and included some weeks at the London Hippodrome Theatre. This led to a film contract.

Gibson died in Paddington, London in 1974.

Alhambra Theatre Glasgow
The Alhambra is a former theatre in Glasgow, Scotland. It was located at the corner of Waterloo Street and Wellington Street and planned to accommodate 2,800 people. It was a venue that hosted popular variety and comedy performances. It closed in 1969 and the building was demolished in 1971.
Robert McKinley (politician)
Robert Elgin McKinley (14 August 1928 – 16 October 2022) was a Canadian politician who was a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada. His career included investment and insurance brokering, business and farming.

McKinley represented the Huron electoral district (which became Huron—Middlesex and Huron—Bruce during his terms in Parliament) since first winning office in the 1965 federal election. He was re-elected in 1968, 1972, 1974 and 1979. He left national politics in 1980 as he did not campaign in that year's federal election after serving successive terms from the 27th to the 31st Canadian Parliaments. McKinley died on 16 October 2022, at the age of 94.

1968 Canadian federal election
The 1968 Canadian federal election was held on June 25, 1968, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 28th Parliament of Canada.

In April 1968, Prime Minister Lester Pearson of the Liberal Party resigned as party leader as a result of declining health and failing to win a majority government in two attempts. He was succeeded by his Minister of Justice and Attorney General Pierre Trudeau, who called an election immediately after becoming prime minister. Trudeau's charisma appealed to Canadian voters; his popularity became known as "Trudeaumania" and helped him win a comfortable majority. Robert Stanfield's Progressive Conservatives lost seats whereas the New Democratic Party's support stayed the same.
ATPIF1
ATPase inhibitor, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATPIF1 gene.

This gene encodes a mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and three transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified.

It prevents ATPase from switching to ATP hydrolysis during collapse of the electrochemical gradient, for example during oxygen deprivation  ATP synthase inhibitor forms a one-to-one complex with the F1 ATPase, possibly by binding at the alpha-beta interface. It is thought to inhibit ATP synthesis by preventing the release of ATP. The inhibitor has two oligomeric states, dimer (the active state) and tetramer. At low pH, the inhibitor forms a dimer via antiparallel coiled coil interactions between the C-terminal regions of two monomers. At high pH, the inhibitor forms tetramers and higher oligomers by coiled coil interactions involving the N terminus and inhibitory region, thus preventing the inhibitory activity.

ATPase
ATPases (EC 3.6.1.3, Adenosine 5'-TriPhosphatase, adenylpyrophosphatase, ATP monophosphatase, triphosphatase, ATP hydrolase, adenosine triphosphatase) are a class of enzymes that catalyze the decomposition of ATP into ADP and a free phosphate ion or the inverse reaction. This dephosphorylation reaction releases energy, which the enzyme (in most cases) harnesses to drive other chemical reactions that would not otherwise occur. This process is widely used in all known forms of life.

Some such enzymes are integral membrane proteins (anchored within biological membranes), and move solutes across the membrane, typically against their concentration gradient. These are called transmembrane ATPases.
John Branston
John Richard Martin Branston (born 20 April 1932) is a former English cricketer active in the mid-1950s. Born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire, was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace, making several appearances in first-class cricket.

Branston made his debut in first-class cricket for the Free Foresters against Oxford University at the University Parks in 1955. Branston was also a student at the University of Oxford, playing four first-class matches for the university in 1956. In five appearances in first-class cricket, he scored 32 runs with a top-score of 19, while with the ball he took 9 wickets with best figures of 3/50.

Seam bowling
Seam bowling is a bowling technique in cricket, in which the ball is deliberately bowled to hit the ground on its seam, to cause a random deviation when it bounces. A bowler who uses this technique is called a seam bowler or seamer.

Seam bowling is a form of fast bowling, although seam can also be a factor in medium-pace bowling. Although there are specialist seamers that make deliberate use of off cutter and leg cutter at the expense of bowling slower than regular fast bowlers, most bowlers employ the seam to some effect and so the terms "seamer" and "fast bowler" are largely synonymous. This was far less the case in the past, even the recent past. Bowlers such as Tom Cartwright and Derek Shackleton bowled seamers at a pace in the low 70mphs and were very successful due to their mastery of control and variation.
Agnorisma badinodis
Agnorisma badinodis (pale-banded dart or spotted-sided cutworm) is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in southern Canada and United States, east of the 100th meridian, and exclusive of the Deep South.

The wingspan is about 36 mm. There is one generation per year.

Recorded food plants include Brassica nigra, Malus, Medicago sativa, Nicotiana tabacum, Rumex crispus, Sisymbrium officinale, Stellaria media, Symphyotrichum ericoides, Trifolium, Triticum aestivum and Vitis.

Symphyotrichum ericoides
Symphyotrichum ericoides (formerly Aster ericoides), with common names white heath aster, frost aster, and heath aster, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to much of central and eastern North America. It has been introduced to parts of Europe and western Asia.

The naturally occurring hybrid species of Symphyotrichum ericoides and Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (New England aster) is named Symphyotrichum × amethystinum and has the common name amethyst aster. It can grow where the two parents are in close proximity.
Fox, Illinois
Fox is an unincorporated community in Kendall County, in the U.S. state of Illinois. It is located between the Village of Millbrook and the City of Yorkville.

The community was originally named Fox Station due to its relationship with the Chicago, Burlington, & Quincy Railroad. It served the local farming community by providing a school, grain elevator, feed mill, store and post office.

Yorkville, Illinois
Yorkville is a city within the Chicago metropolitan area and the county seat of Kendall County, Illinois, United States. It is a suburb of Chicago, Illinois. The population was 23,835  as of the 2022 census.
Sokoły Jeziorne
Sokoły Jeziorne [sɔˈkɔwɨ jɛˈʑɔrnɛ] (German: Rosensee, until 1935: Sokollen bei Skarzinnen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Biała Piska, within Pisz County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 14 km (9 mi) east of Biała Piska, 32 km (20 mi) east of Pisz, and 119 km (74 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The village has a population of 120.

Pisz County
Pisz County (Polish: powiat piski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Pisz, which lies 88 kilometres (55 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn. The county contains three other towns: Orzysz, 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Pisz, Ruciane-Nida, 17 km (11 mi) west of Pisz, and Biała Piska, 18 km (11 mi) east of Pisz.

The county covers an area of 1,776.17 square kilometres (685.8 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 57,553, out of which the population of Pisz is 19,332, that of Orzysz is 5,804, that of Ruciane-Nida is 4,894, that of Biała Piska is 4,006, and the rural population is 23,517.
Mark Schaller
Mark Schaller (born November 27, 1962) is an American psychological scientist who has made many contributions to the study of human psychology, particularly in areas of social cognition, stereotyping, evolutionary psychology, and cultural psychology.  He is a professor of psychology at the University of British Columbia.

Schaller was born on November 27, 1962, in Palo Alto, California.  His father is the zoologist and animal conservationist George Schaller. During his childhood he lived in India, Pakistan, and Tanzania, as well as in the United States. He graduated from the University of North Carolina in 1984 and obtained a PhD in psychology at Arizona State University in 1989, mentored by Robert Cialdini. Early in his academic career he held faculty positions at the University of Texas at Arlington and at the University of Montana. In 1996 he moved to his current position at the University of British Columbia.

Robert Cialdini
Robert Beno Cialdini (/tʃælˈdiːni/, born April 27, 1945 is an American psychologist and author. He is the Regents' Professor Emeritus of Psychology and Marketing at Arizona State University and was a visiting professor of marketing, business and psychology at Stanford University.
Thomas William Lemuel Prowse
Thomas William Lemuel Prowse (August 31, 1888 – November 2, 1973) was a businessman and was the 17th Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island from 1950 to 1958.

The son of Lemuel Ezra Prowse and Frances J. Stanley, he was born and educated in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island.

He was proprietor and president of Prowse Brothers Ltd. in Charlottetown. Active in local politics, he was a councillor on Charlottetown City Council for eight years and served as the 26th mayor from 1930 to 1932.

A Liberal, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island representing the Charlottetown Common and Royalty District in Queens County, first in the 1935 general election and again in 1943. In 1950 he was appointed lieutenant governor of the island and served for eight years.

1935 Prince Edward Island general election
The 1935 Prince Edward Island general election was held in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island on 23 July 1935. The Liberal Party led by Walter Lea swept the board by winning every seat in every constituency. This was the first time that a government in the British Commonwealth would face no opposition in an elected chamber. To date, this feat has only been accomplished one other time in Canadian history, the 1987 New Brunswick election.
Cedar Run, Pennsylvania
Cedar Run is an unincorporated community in Brown Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, United States. Cedar Run, a stream with the same name as the community, enters Pine Creek at Cedar Run, in the Pine Creek Gorge. The stream is one of a half-dozen tributaries entering from the western side of Pine Creek, along with nearby Slate Run. The Pine Creek Rail Trail passes through Cedar Run. The village is linked to Pennsylvania Route 414 by a spur road crossing a bridge over Pine Creek.

Pine Creek Gorge
Pine Creek Gorge, sometimes called The Grand Canyon of Pennsylvania, is a 47-mile (76 km) gorge carved into the Allegheny Plateau by Pine Creek in north-central Pennsylvania.

It sits in about 160,000 acres (650 km2) of the Tioga State Forest. The gorge begins south of Ansonia, near Wellsboro, along U.S. Route 6 and continues south. Its deepest point is 1,450 feet (440 m) at Waterville, near the southern end. At Leonard Harrison and Colton Point State Parks, it is more than 800 feet (240 m) deep and the distance rim-to-rim is about  4,000 feet (1,200 m).
XHTVM-TDT
XHTVM-TDT (channel 40) is a television station in Mexico City, owned by Televisora del Valle de México and operated by TV Azteca. It is branded as adn Noticias and available over the air in much of Mexico on TV Azteca's transmitters. Programming generally consists of news and informational shows.

International Court of Arbitration
The ICC International Court of Arbitration is an institution for the resolution of international commercial disputes. It operates under the auspices of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) and consists of more than 100 arbitrators from roughly 90 countries.

The court does not issue formal judgements. Instead, it provides "judicial supervision of arbitration proceedings".

The court's official working languages are English and French. Cases can be administered in any language. It is headquartered in Paris, France.

As of 9 January 2020, the court has registered 25,000 cases, including an annual record of 869 in 2019.
Yoritsune Matsudaira
Yoritsune Matsudaira (松平 頼則, Matsudaira Yoritsune; May 5, 1907, Tokyo, Japan – October 25 or October 30, 2001 in Tokyo, Japan) was a Japanese composer of contemporary classical music.

Matsudaira was descended, on his father's side of the family, from the Matsudaira clan, related to the Tokugawa clan who ruled Japan as shōgun during the Edo period (specifically from the branch of the family which was enfeoffed at the Hitachi-Fuchū Domain), and on his mother's side of the family from the Fujiwara clan, who were court regents from the 7th to the 12th centuries. His style was influenced by gagaku, the ancient court music of Japan.  His music has been frequently performed in Europe.

His eldest son, Yoriaki (Yori'Aki) Matsudaira (松平 頼暁) was also a composer.

Feoffment
In the Middle Ages, especially under the European feudal system, feoffment /ˈfɛfmənt/ or enfeoffment was the deed by which a person was given land in exchange for a pledge of service. This mechanism was later used to avoid restrictions on the passage of title in land by a system in which a landowner would give land to one person for the use of another. The common law of estates in land grew from this concept.
Amenemopet (princess)
Amenemopet was an ancient Egyptian princess (king's daughter) during the 18th Dynasty, probably a daughter of Thutmose IV.

She is shown sitting upon the knees of her tutor Horemheb, in his Theban tomb (TT78).  Horemheb (not identical with the pharaoh of the same name) served under the reigns of Amenhotep II, Thutmose IV and Amenhotep III, so the princess could have been the daughter of any of these pharaohs, but Thutmose is the most likely.

She died during the reign of Amenhotep III. Later, her mummy was reburied in Sheikh Abd el-Qurna cache along with that of several other princesses: her probable sisters Tiaa and Petepihu; her niece Nebetia and Princesses Tatau, Henutiunu, Merytptah, Sithori and Wiay. The tomb was discovered in 1857.

Sheikh Abd el-Qurna cache
The Sheikh Abd el-Qurna cache was discovered in 1857 by Alexander Henry Rhind. The tomb is located at the foothills of Sheikh Abd el-Qurna, near TT131. It had been sealed with a wall carrying the seal of Pharaoh Amenhotep III. The tomb contained bones, bandages and several disturbed mummies. It also contained several wooden labels with inscriptions mentioning several royal women.

The label for Princess Nebetia has an inscription mentioning year 27. This is thought to refer to year 27 of Psusennes I during which the princesses may have been reburied.
Foundation Insurance Test
The Foundation Insurance Test (FIT) is an insurance qualification in the United Kingdom. The Foundation Insurance Test is considered an entry-level qualification for those beginning insurance careers and is usually taken before advancing to more demanding examinations such as the CII exams. The exam is multiple choice and in 2012 the exam had a pass rate of 78.43%. A nominal pass mark is set at 70% although the actual pass mark may vary.

The test covers several areas of insurance:

Understanding how the insurance market operates

Understanding risk and insurance in the context of the insurance market

Understanding agency and insurance legal principles

Understanding insurance and underwriting procedures

Understanding policy wordings and procedures for renewals

Understanding insurance procedures for claims

Understanding the conduct of insurance business

Understanding personal insurance

Understanding commercial insurance

Risk
Risk is the possibility of something bad happening, comprising a level of uncertainty about the effects and implications of an activity, particularly negative and undesirable consequences.

Risk theory, assessment, and management are applied but substantially differ in different practice areas, such as business, economics, environment, finance, information technology, health, insurance, safety, security, and privacy. The international standard for risk management, ISO 31000, provides general guidelines and principles on managing risks faced by organizations.
2023–24 KIJHL season
The 2023–24 KIJHL season was the 57th in league history, beginning on Friday, September 22, 2023, and ending on April 9, 2024, with the Revelstoke Grizzlies defeating the Fernie Ghostriders 7-1 in game four of the Teck Cup Finals to win their second championship in three years, and fifth in franchise history.

Revelstoke Grizzlies
The Revelstoke Grizzlies are a Junior ice hockey team based in Revelstoke, British Columbia, Canada. They are members of the Bill Ohlhausen Division of the Okanagan/Shuswap Conference of the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League (KIJHL). They play their home games at Revelstoke Forum.
2014 World RX of Turkey
The 2014 World RX of Turkey was the 11th round of the inaugural season of the FIA World Rallycross Championship. The event was held at Istanbul Park in Tuzla, Istanbul.

Tanner Foust and Ken Block were entered in the event but pulled out on the advice of the American government due to Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war.

FIA World Rallycross Championship
The FIA World Rallycross Championship (official abbreviation is World RX,to be world rallycross Cup) is a rallycross series organised and promoted by the FIA. In September 2025, just days before the final round of the 2025 season, it was announced that the championship will revert to being the European Rallycross Championship as seen prior to 2014.
String Quartet No. 4 (Hill)
String Quartet No. 4 in C minor, Stiles 1.2.3.3 SQ4, was completed by Alfred Hill on 25 July 1916 in Neutral Bay, Sydney (indicated in the manuscript). It is dedicated to Henri Verbrugghen (the first director of the new-founded New South Wales State Conservatorium) and his Verbrugghen String Quartet. It is Hill's first non-program string quartet. The first two movements were transcribed for orchestra in 1955 forming the basis of the Symphony No. 4 "The Pursuit of Happiness" in which this music turns to have a program.

E-flat major
E-flat major is a major scale based on E♭, consisting of the pitches E♭, F, G, A♭, B♭, C, and D. Its key signature has three flats. Its relative minor is C minor, and its parallel minor is E♭ minor, (or enharmonically D♯ minor).

The E♭ major scale is:
SMS S51
Two ships of the German Imperial Navy were named SMS S51. They were both torpedo boats built by Schichau-Werke.

SMS S51 (1889) - torpedo boat launched by Schichau on 28 November 1889. Renamed T51 in 1910. Mined and sunk 29 May 1915.

SMS S51 (1915) - "large"- or "high-seas"-torpedo boat, launched by Schichau on 29 April 1915. Scuttled at Scapa Flow on 21 June 1919.

SMS S51 (1915)
SMS S51 was a V25-class torpedo boat of the Imperial German Navy. Ordered immediately after the outbreak of the First World War, S51 was built by Schichau-Werke, at their Elbing shipyard. She was launched on 29 April 1915 and completed in September that year.

S51 served with the German High Seas Fleet, operating in the North Sea and the English Channel, and took part in the Battle of Jutland on 31 May–1 June 1916, where she was damaged but survived. At the end of the war, S51 was interned at Scapa Flow and was scuttled on 21 June 1919. The ship was quickly salvaged, and was broken up for scrap in 1922.
Morašice (Svitavy District)
Morašice is a municipality and village in Svitavy District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.

Morašice lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) north-west of Svitavy, 38 km (24 mi) south-east of Pardubice, and 132 km (82 mi) east of Prague.

Pardubice
Pardubice (Czech pronunciation: [ˈpardubɪtsɛ] ⓘ; German: Pardubitz) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 92,000 inhabitants. It is the capital city of the Pardubice Region and lies on the Elbe River. The historic centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.

Pardubice is known as a centre of industry, with dominant industries being the chemical industry, electrical engineering and mechanical engineering. The city is also well known for its sporting events, which include the Velká pardubická (a cross-country steeplechase), the Golden Helmet of Pardubice in motorcycle racing, and the Czech Open international chess and board games festival.
Althea
Althea (Old English: Alþea) is an English female given name. It is a variation of the Greek name Althaea (Αλθαια), which may be related to Greek ἀλθος althos ("healing").

Richard Lovelace used the name in a poem ("To Althea, from Prison") that John Milton later alluded to in his own poem "Lycidas".

Richard Lovelace (poet)
Richard Lovelace (/ˈlʌvləs/, homophone of "loveless"; 9 December 1617 – 1657) was an English poet in the seventeenth century. He was a cavalier poet who fought on behalf of Charles I during the English Civil War. His best known works are "To Althea, from Prison", and "To Lucasta, Going to the Warres".