hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ash v. Childs Dining Hall Co.
Ash v. Childs Dining Hall Co. is a tort case decided in 1918 by the New York Court of Appeals, notable for shaping the "reasonable expectation" test used in similar legal claims about foreign objects in food.

The case involved Flora Ash, who was injured by a small metal tack (nail) hidden in a blueberry pie served at the defendant's restaurant. The court declined to apply the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur (the thing speaks for itself) due to insufficient direct evidence of negligence by Childs Dining Hall Company. Without such proof, the defendant was not found liable. Despite the tack being something a consumer wouldn’t reasonably expect in pie, the defendant was not held liable without proof of fault. This ruling emphasized that liability requires both an unexpected harmful object and evidence of negligence, influencing how similar tort cases were evaluated in the future.

Res ipsa loquitur
Res ipsa loquitur (Latin: "the thing speaks for itself") is a doctrine in common law and Roman-Dutch law jurisdictions under which a court can infer negligence from the very nature of an accident or injury in the absence of direct evidence on how any defendant behaved in the context of tort litigation.

The crux of res ipsa loquitur is circumstantial inference. Although specific criteria differ by jurisdiction, an action typically must satisfy the following elements of negligence: the existence of a duty of care, breach of appropriate standard of care, causation, and injury. In res ipsa loquitur, the existence of the first three elements is inferred from the existence of injury that does not ordinarily occur without negligence.
Back in the Circus
Back in the Circus (2004) is the fourth studio album released by Jonatha Brooke.

The track "Less Than Love Is Nothing", written with Eric Bazilian, is the first co-written song Brooke has included on a solo album. Additionally, this is her first album to feature cover version of other bands' songs: "Fire and Rain", "God Only Knows", and "Eye in the Sky".

Eric Bazilian
Eric Michael Bazilian (born July 21, 1953) is an American singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, arranger, and producer. Bazilian is a founding member of the rock band the Hooters. He wrote "One of Us", a song first recorded by Joan Osborne in 1995.
Douglas Warren (bishop)
Douglas Joseph Warren (21 March 1919 – 6 February 2013) was an Australian bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. At the time of his death at the Southern Cross Village in Parkes, New South Wales, on 6 February 2013, he was, at the age of 93, the oldest Australian Roman Catholic bishop.

Warren was born in Canowindra, New South Wales, and ordained a priest 20 December 1942 in the Diocese of Wilcannia-Forbes. He was appointed auxiliary bishop of the same diocese, as well as titular bishop of Aquae Novae in Numidia, on 16 June 1964. He was ordained a bishop on 27 July 1964 by Cardinal Sir Norman Gilroy and co-consecrators Bishop Bryan Gallagher of Port Pirie and Bishop Bernard Stewart of Sandhurst. He was appointed the diocesan bishop on 26 September 1967 and held the post until his retirement on 30 March 1994.

Parkes, New South Wales
Parkes is a town in the Central West region of New South Wales, Australia. It is the main settlement in the local government area of Parkes Shire. Parkes had a population of 9,832 at the 2021 census.

Parkes is part of the traditional lands of the Wiradjuri people, the largest language group in NSW with a country of more than 120,000 square kilometres.
Zazie Beetz
Zazie Olivia Beetz (/zəˈsiː ˈbeɪts/ zə-SEE BAYTS; German: [zaˈsiː ˈbeːts]; born June 1, 1991) is a German-American actress. She is known for her role as Van in the FX comedy-drama series Atlanta (2016–2022), for which she received a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. She starred in the Netflix anthology series Easy (2016–2019) and has voiced Amber Bennett in the adult animated superhero series Invincible since 2021.

In film, Beetz appeared in the disaster film Geostorm (2017) and portrayed the Marvel Comics character Domino in the superhero film Deadpool 2 (2018). She portrayed Arthur Fleck/Joker's neighbor Sophie in the psychological thriller Joker (2019) and its sequel Joker: Folie à Deux (2024). Beetz has also voiced Diane Foxington (a.k.a. "The Crimson Paw") in the DreamWorks Animation heist comedy film The Bad Guys (2022) and its sequel The Bad Guys 2 (2025).

The Bad Guys (book series)
The Bad Guys is an illustrated children's graphic novel series written by Australian author and former actor Aaron Blabey. It revolves around a gang of anthropomorphic animals known as The Bad Guys, who attempt to perform good deeds to change society's perception of them as criminals.

DreamWorks Animation acquired the rights to the series to make an animated feature film adaptation, which was released in the United States on 22 April 2022. A second film was released in the US on 1 August 2025. It has also spawned a media franchise, including a series of Netflix-exclusive prequels released between the main films.
Isbell Field
Isbell Field (FAA LID: 4A9) is a city-owned public-use airport located two nautical miles (3.7 km) north of the central business district of Fort Payne, a city in DeKalb County, Alabama, United States. According to the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2009–2013, it is categorized as a general aviation facility.

DeKalb County, Alabama
DeKalb County is a county in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 71,608. Its county seat is Fort Payne, and it is named after Major General Baron Johann de Kalb. DeKalb County is part of the Huntsville-Decatur-Albertville, AL Combined Statistical Area.
Indiana dos Santos
Indiana Shae dos Santos (/dɒs ˈsæntɒs/ doss SAN-toss, European Portuguese: [ĩˈdjɐnɐ duʃ ˈsɐ̃tuʃ]; born 10 October 2007) is an Australian professional soccer player who plays as an attacking midfielder for A-League Women club Sydney FC and for the Australia women's national under-20 team. She has been described as one of the best young talents in Australian women's soccer.

Dos Santos is the younger sister of Canberra United player Jynaya dos Santos.

Women's soccer in Australia
Women's soccer is a popular sport in Australia, with high levels of participation both recreationally and professionally. Football Australia is the national governing body of soccer in Australia, responsible for overseeing the Australian women's national team and the nine state football federations, among other duties. Women's participation in modern soccer in Australia has been recorded since the early 1920s, and it has grown to become one of the most popular team sports for women in the country. A-League Women is the top-tier women's soccer league in Australia.
Wheel of the Year
The Wheel of the Year is an annual cycle of seasonal festivals, observed by a range of modern pagans, marking the year's chief solar events (solstices and equinoxes) and the midpoints between them. Modern pagan observances are based to varying degrees on folk traditions, regardless of the historical practices of world civilizations. British neopagans popularized the Wheel of the Year in the mid-20th century, combining the four solar events ("quarter days") marked by many European peoples, with the four midpoint festivals ("cross-quarter days") celebrated by Insular Celtic peoples.

Different paths of modern Paganism may vary regarding the precise timing of each observance, based on such distinctions as the lunar phase and geographic hemisphere. Some Wiccans use the term sabbat (/ˈsæbət/) to refer to each festival, represented as a spoke in the Wheel.

Spoke
A spoke is one of some number of rods radiating from the center of a wheel (the hub where the axle connects), connecting the hub with the round traction surface.

The term originally referred to portions of a log that had been riven (split lengthwise) into four or six sections. The radial members of a wagon wheel were made by carving a spoke (from a log) into their finished shape. A spokeshave is a tool originally developed for this purpose. Eventually, the term spoke was more commonly applied to the finished product of the wheelwright's work than to the materials they used.
Gandy–Gamna nodules
Gandy–Gamna nodules or Gandy-Gamna bodies, sometimes known as Gamna-Gandy bodies or Gamna-Gandy nodules, are small yellow-brown, brown, or rust-colored foci found in the spleen in patients with splenomegaly due to portal hypertension, as well as sickle cell disease. They consist of fibrous tissue with haemosiderin and calcium deposits, and probably form due to scarring at sites of small perivascular haemorrhages. They are visible on MRI scanning due to the presence of haemosiderin.

They can also be seen in atrial myxomas.

They are named after Charles Gandy and Carlos Gamna.

Bleeding
Bleeding, hemorrhage, haemorrhage or blood loss, is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels. Bleeding can occur internally, or externally either through a natural opening such as the mouth, nose, ear, urethra, vagina, or anus, or through a puncture in the skin.
Hypovolemia is a massive decrease in blood volume, and death by excessive loss of blood is referred to as exsanguination. Typically, a healthy person can endure a loss of 10–15% of the total blood volume without serious medical difficulties (by comparison, blood donation typically takes 8–10% of the donor's blood volume). The stopping or controlling of bleeding is called hemostasis and is an important part of both first aid and surgery.
Sam McEntee
Sam McEntee (born 3 February 1992) is an Australian long-distance runner. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, in the men's 5000 metres. In 2017, he competed in the senior men's race at the 2017 IAAF World Cross Country Championships held in Kampala, Uganda. He finished in 50th place.

2017 IAAF World Cross Country Championships
The 2017 IAAF World Cross Country Championships was hosted in the city of Kampala, Uganda's capital. This 42nd edition was held on 26 March 2017. The venue was Kampala Airport, commonly known as Kololo airstrip, or officially, the Kololo Ceremonial Grounds. A few modifications were made to make the track challenging.
Looping Star (Clacton Pier)
Looping Star is a steel roller coaster located at Clacton Pier in Clacton-on-Sea, Essex manufactured by Pinfari. It was formerly located at Codona's Amusement Park in Aberdeen, Scotland.

It was the park's only ride with an inversion, built on top of the mini-golf and restaurant. It replaced the Galaxi roller coaster, which was moved to Loudoun Castle amusement park (now defunct). The ride used to have three trains, but after 2010 the ride operated 2 trains, then some point in 2017 The coaster operated just 1 train (the other two are sitting on the transfer track). They use the newer Pinfari trains, which can be seen on rides built from the mid 1990s onwards.

The Looping Star has now been moved to Clacton Pier, where it was intended to be assembled and open for the 2020 summer season, however, as a result of damage from Storm Ciara, it was opened on the 23rd October 2021 instead.

Clacton-on-Sea
Clacton-on-Sea, often simply called Clacton,  is a coastal town in the county of Essex, on the east coast of England. It is located on the Tendring Peninsula and is the largest settlement in the Tendring District, with a population of 53,200 (2021). The town is situated around 77 miles (124 kilometres) northeast of London, 16 mi (26 km) southeast of Colchester and 16 mi (26 km) south of Harwich.

The area was historically in the parish of Great Clacton. The development of the seaside resort began in the 1870s and was called Clacton-on-Sea to distinguish it from the older village about 1 mile (1.6 km) inland. Great Clacton and Clacton-on-Sea were always administered together, forming a single urban district called Clacton between 1895 and 1974. The two settlements gradually merged into a single urban area during the twentieth century.

It lies within the United Kingdom Parliament constituency of Clacton.
Ersan
Ersan is a Turkish given name for males. Notable people named Ersan include:

Ersan Dogu, Turkish footballer

Ersan Erdura, a Turkish singer

Ersan Gülüm, Turkish footballer

Ersan İlyasova, Turkish basketball player

Ersan Keleş, Turkish-Belgian futsal player

Ersan Şen (born 1966), Turkish lawyer and academic

Ersan Keleş
Ersan Keleş (also known as Ersan Keles in Belgium) (born January 12, 1987) is a Turkish-Belgian futsal player.  He currently plays for Paraske Bowl Morlanwelz and previously played for Charleroi Action 21.

He is a member of the Turkey national futsal team in the UEFA Futsal Championship.
Supremacism
Supremacism is the belief that a certain group of people is superior to, and should have authority over, all others. The presumed superior group can be defined by various characteristics, including age, sex, race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, language, social class, ideology, nationality, culture, generation, or any other human attribute.

Development of the human body
Development of the human body is the process of growth to maturity. The process begins with fertilization, where an egg released from the ovary of a female is penetrated by a sperm cell from a male. The resulting zygote develops through cell proliferation and differentiation, and the resulting embryo then implants in the uterus, where the embryo continues development through a fetal stage until birth. Further growth and development continues after birth, and includes both physical and psychological development that is influenced by genetic, hormonal, environmental and other factors. This continues throughout life: through childhood and adolescence into adulthood.
Euseboides
Euseboides is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:

Euseboides matsudai Gressitt, 1938

Euseboides plagiatoides Breuning, 1950

Euseboides plagiatus Gahan, 1893

Euseboides tonkinensis Breuning, 1973

Euseboides truncatipennis Breuning, 1949

Lamiinae
Lamiinae, commonly called flat-faced longhorns, are a subfamily of the longhorn beetle family (Cerambycidae). The subfamily includes over 750 genera, rivaled in diversity within the family only by the subfamily Cerambycinae.
Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)
A member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) is a representative elected by the voters of an electoral district (constituency) to the legislature of a state government in the Indian system of government. From each constituency, the people elect one representative who then becomes a member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA). Each state has between seven and nine MLAs for every Member of Parliament (MP) that it has in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of India's bicameral parliament. There are also members in three unicameral legislatures in Union Territories: the Delhi Legislative Assembly, Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly and the Puducherry Legislative Assembly. Only an MLA can work as a minister for more than six months. If a non-MLA becomes a Chief Minister or a minister, they must become an MLA within six months to continue in the job. Only an MLA can become the Speaker of the Legislature.

Lower house
A lower house is the lower chamber of a bicameral legislature, where the other chamber is the upper house. Although styled as "below" the upper house, in many legislatures worldwide, the lower house has come to wield more power or otherwise exert significant political influence.
Byun
Byeon (Korean: 변), also often spelled as Byun or Pyone is a Korean family name. According to the 2015 South Korean census, there were 138,802 people with this family name. It is written with three different hanja.   In a study by the National Institute of the Korean Language based on 2007 application data for South Korean passports, it was found that 70.4% of people with this surname spelled it in Latin letters as Byun in their passports, while the rest spelled it with various other romanizations.

South Korean passport
The Republic of Korea passport (Korean: 대한민국 여권; RR: Daehan Minguk yeogwon; MR: Taehan Min'guk yŏgwŏn), commonly referred to as the South Korean passport, are travel documents issued to a South Korean citizen to facilitate their international travel. Like any other passport, South Korean passports serve as proof for passport holders' personal information, such as nationality and date of birth.

South Korean passports are issued by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and delegated to Provincial Governments and Municipalities. Korean Passports have been printed by the Korea Minting and Security Printing Corporation (KOMSCO) since 1973. On 21 December 2021, issuing of the next generation biometric passports to South Korean citizens had begun, which was delayed by one year as planned due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Human Fear
The Human Fear is the sixth studio album by Scottish indie rock band Franz Ferdinand, released on 10 January 2025 through Domino. Produced by Mark Ralph, it is the band's first full studio album to feature guitarist Dino Bardot, who joined the band after the recording of 2018's Always Ascending, and drummer Audrey Tait, who replaced original member Paul Thomson in 2021.

Preceded by the singles, "Audacious", "Night or Day" and "Hooked", the album reached number three on the UK Albums Chart and number one on the Scottish Albums Chart.

Paul Thomson
Paul Robert Thomson (born 15 September 1976) is a Scottish musician who was the drummer for the Glasgow-based band Franz Ferdinand from their formation in 2002 until October 2021. Currently, he serves as the drummer for garage pop-punk band Lung Leg.
Siko
Siko is the second largest populated village and a Gram Panchayat in the Begunia block of the Khordha district in the Indian state of Odisha. It is located approximately 45 kilometres (28 mi) west of the state capital, Bhubaneswar. It has a mixed, rich culture mainly consisting of Hindus and Muslims, with Hindus making up a majority. Ardent nationalists from Siko participated in the Paika rebellion of 1817. Today, some "Paika akhada" are found in Siko. They display their warrior acts in various festivals.

Paika
Paika is a small town 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from Palai on the Pala-Ponkunnam road of Muvattupuzha - Punalur SH:08, in Kottayam district, Kerala, India. It is part of Meenachil Taluka, known as one of the most fertile agricultural regions of Travancore. This region is part of the mid-lands (adjacent to the high ranges) of south-eastern Kerala. The main income is from agriculture, mostly rubber plantations.
1974 Oklahoma gubernatorial election
The 1974 Oklahoma gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1974, and was a race for Governor of Oklahoma. Democrat David Boren defeated Clem McSpadden in a run-off to claim his party's nomination after embattled incumbent David Hall was eliminated in the initial primary.  Boren won the general election handily over Republican Jim Inhofe., who later won a 1994 U.S. Senate special election triggered by Boren's impending resignation to become the University of Oklahoma's president.

Inhofe only carried Major, Nowata, Tulsa, and Washington counties.

Major County, Oklahoma
Major County is a county in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, its population was 7,782. Its county seat is Fairview. The county was created in 1907.

Located in northwestern Oklahoma, Major County is bounded by Woods and Alfalfa counties in the north, Garfield County on the east, Kingfisher, Blaine, and Dewey on the south, and Woodward on the west. Major County has 957.87 square miles of land and water. It is drained by the North Canadian and Cimarron Rivers, and the Eagle Chief, Griever, and Sand Creeks.
UFC Fight Night: Burns vs. Morales
UFC Fight Night: Burns vs. Morales (also known as UFC Fight Night 256 and UFC Vegas 106 and UFC on ESPN+ 114) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that took place on May 17, 2025, at the UFC Apex in Enterprise, Nevada, part of the Las Vegas Valley, United States.

Enterprise, Nevada
Enterprise  is an unincorporated town in the Las Vegas Valley in Clark County, Nevada, United States. The population was 221,831 at the 2020 U.S. census, up from 14,676 at the 2000 census. It was founded on December 17, 1996. As in other unincorporated towns in the Las Vegas Valley, its ZIP Codes are assigned the place name "Las Vegas" for mailing addresses.
Luidja
Luidja is a village in Hiiumaa Parish, Hiiu County, on the island of Hiiumaa in Estonia. It is located on the northern coast of the beginning of Kõpu Peninsula, by the Luidja Bay. As of the 2011 census, the village's population was 34. Before 2013, it was located in Kõrgessaare Parish.

Luidja is the site of one of the most popular beaches on Hiiumaa. Another main sight is Luidja alder forest which was planted 1901–1903 as an experiment to fixate unique sand dunes. There's a memorial stone to Karl Friedrich Vilhelm Ahrens (1855–1938), the executer of the project.

Hiiumaa
Hiiumaa (US: /ˈhiːʊmɑː, ˈhiːəmɑː/ HEE-uum-ah, -⁠ə-mah, Estonian: [ˈhiːumɑː]) is the second largest island in Estonia and is part of the West Estonian archipelago, in the Baltic Sea. It has an area of 989 km2 and is 22 km from the Estonian mainland. Its largest town is Kärdla. It is located within Hiiu County.
Ágnes Molnár
Dr. Ágnes Molnár (born 12 May 1956) is a Hungarian politician, member of the National Assembly (MP) from Fidesz Győr-Moson-Sopron County Regional List from 2006 to 2014, and her party's national list since 2014. She served as Secretary of State for National Development between 2 June 2010 and 29 June 2012.

Győr–Moson–Sopron County
Győr–Moson–Sopron (Hungarian: Győr-Moson-Sopron vármegye, pronounced [ˈɟøːr ˈmoʃon ˈʃopron ˈvaːrmɛɟɛ]; German: Komitat Raab-Wieselburg-Ödenburg; Slovak: Rábsko-mošonsko-šopronská župa) is an administrative county (comitatus or vármegye) in north-western Hungary, on the border with Slovakia (Bratislava region, Nitra region and Trnava region) and Austria (Burgenland). It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Komárom–Esztergom, Veszprém and Vas. The capital of Győr–Moson–Sopron county is Győr. The county is a part of the Centrope project.
Flick (2008 film)
Flick is a campy British horror film written and directed by David Howard, and starring Hugh O'Conor and Faye Dunaway. It had its theatrical release in 2008, and the DVD of the film was released in the United Kingdom on 19 October 2009. The film was shot in Wales, in and around Cardiff, Pontypool, Newbridge (Caerphilly) and Briton Ferry.

Briton Ferry
Briton Ferry (Welsh: Llansawel) is a town and community in the county borough of Neath Port Talbot, Wales. The Welsh name may indicate that the church, llan, is protected from the wind, awel. Alternatively, Sawel may be a derivative of Saul, St Paul's earlier name, who, supposedly, once landed at Briton Ferry.  An alternative Welsh name unused today is Rhyd y Brython, a direct translation of Briton Ferry. The Normans referred to the River crossing as La Brittonne and 
Leland in 1540 as Britanne Fery.
Brase
Brase is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Chris Brase (born 1962), American politician

Fritz Brase (1875–1940), German military musician and composer resident in Ireland

Hans Brase (born 1993), American-German basketball player

Matt Brase (born 1982), American basketball player and coach

Willi Brase (born 1951), German politician

Wolfgang Brase (born 1939), German footballer

Fritz Brase
Friedrich Wilhelm Anton Brase, known as Fritz Brase ([fʁɪt͡s ˈbʁaːzə]; 4 May 1875 – 1 December 1940), was a German military bandmaster, conductor, and composer who was mainly active in Dublin, Ireland, as leader of the first Army School of Music in the Irish Free State.