hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2015 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States
The Supreme Court of the United States handed down eighteen per curiam opinions during its 2015 term, which began October 5, 2015 and concluded October 2, 2016.

Because per curiam decisions are issued from the Court as an institution, these opinions all lack the attribution of authorship or joining votes to specific justices. All justices on the Court at the time the decision was handed down are assumed to have participated and concurred unless otherwise noted.

Per curiam decision
In law, a per curiam decision or opinion (sometimes called an unsigned opinion) is one that is not authored by or attributed to a specific judge, but rather ascribed to the entire court or panel of judges who heard the case. The term per curiam is Latin for 'by the court'.
Clinidium curvatum
Clinidium curvatum is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Rhysodinae. It was described by R.T. Bell & J.R. Bell in 1985. It is known from Oroque in Norte de Santander Department, Colombia. The holotype is a male measuring 6.2 mm (0.24 in) in length.

Rhysodinae
Rhysodinae is a subfamily (sometimes called wrinkled bark beetles) in the family Carabidae. There are 19 genera and at least 380 described species in Rhysodinae. The group of genera making up Rhysodinae had been treated as the family Rhysodidae in the past, and subsequent DNA analysis then placed it within Carabidae, where it was sometimes treated as the tribe Rhysodini, but the most recent analyses place it as a subfamily in a clade along with subfamilies Paussinae and Siagoninae, forming a sister to the remaining Carabidae.
Compasso UOL
Compasso UOL is an Universo Online Group-owned IT outsourcing firm. The firm has a staff of 1,300 employees and operates throughout Brazil.

Before 2020, Compasso UOL was named UOL DIVEO, but was fragmented in Compasso UOL and UD Tecnologia (former division that was sold and owns four data centers: three in the city of São Paulo and one in Barueri).

Gil Torquato is the firm's CEO.

Barueri
Barueri (Portuguese pronunciation: [bɐˌɾu.eˈɾi] or [baɾweˈɾi]) is a Brazilian municipality in the State of São Paulo located in the northwestern part of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. The population is 276,982 (2020 est.) in an area of 65.70 km2 (25.37 sq mi).

Its boundaries are Santana de Parnaíba to the north, Osasco in the east, Carapicuíba in the Southeast, Jandira to the south and southwest, and Itapevi the west. The city is served by the trains of line 8 of the Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos (literally São Paulo Metropolitan Railway Company), (CPTM).
Rajiv Gandhi Regional Museum of Natural History
26°1′2.39″N 76°30′9.25″E﻿ / ﻿26.0173306°N 76.5025694°E﻿ / 26.0173306; 76.5025694

The Regional Museum of Natural History, Sawai Madhopur  or The Rajiv Gandhi Regional Museum of Natural History, Sawai Madhopur is the country's fourth regional museum of Natural History in Sawai Madhopur, India with exhibits on plants, animals and geology of the Western region of India. It is situated near Ramsinghpura village, 9 km (5.6 mi) from Sawai Madhopur in Rajasthan.

Ramsinghpur
Ramsinghpur, also known as 59 Gb, is a small town located in Anupgarh tehsil and is a sub-tehsil in district of Anupgarh in Rajasthan of India. It is located on Anupgarh-Suratgarh Road and is 20 km from Anupgarh and 19 km from Vijaynagar.
Pointe-à-Pierre Wild Fowl Trust
Founded in 1966, the Pointe-à-Pierre Wild Fowl Trust is a not for profit environmental non-government organisation dedicated to environmental education and the conservation of wetlands and waterfowl. Located in Pointe-à-Pierre, Trinidad and Tobago, the trust contains two lakes and about 25 hectares within the Petrotrin oil refinery.

Not-for-profit organization
A not-for-profit organisation (NFPO) is a legal entity that does not distribute surplus funds to its members and is formed to fulfill specific objectives.

While not-for-profit organizations and nonprofit organizations (NPO) are distinct legal entities, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. An NFPO must be differentiated from a NPO as they are not formed explicitly for the public good as an NPO must be, and NFPOs are considered "recreational organizations", meaning that they do not operate with the goal of generating revenue as opposed to NPOs.
What If... (web series)
What If... is an American web series that acts as a crossover among three ABC soap operas, General Hospital, All My Children and One Life to Live. The series explores alternate realities in which a character from one series meets a character from another series. The ten-part series was originally streamed on ABC.com from July 12 to August 30, 2010. It won a Daytime Emmy Award for New Approaches - Daytime Entertainment.

Crossover (fiction)
A crossover is the placement of two or more otherwise discrete fictional characters, settings, or universes into the context of a single story. They can arise from legal agreements between the relevant copyright holders (known as intercompany crossovers), common corporate ownership or unofficial efforts by fans.

This is different from a spoof, where one discrete character, setting, or universe, copies another character, setting, or universe, often in a comedic manner.
Green Door (film)
Green Door is a Canadian short comedy film, directed by Semi Chellas and released in 2008. Written by Barbara Gowdy, the film centres on the interactions between various residents of an apartment building, alternating between romantic comedy, mistaken identity farce and black comedy.

The cast includes Don McKellar as Ron, Sabrina Grdevich as Brenda, Tracy Wright as Rhonda, Matt Gordon as Bob, Joris Jarsky as Rob, Matt Hopkins as Darrell, Amy Rutherford as Marilyn, and Matthew Edison and Matt Steinberg as paramedics.

The film premiered at the 2008 Toronto International Film Festival.

The film was named to TIFF's annual year-end Canada's Top Ten list for 2008.

Matthew Edison
Matthew Edison (born 22 August 1975) is a Canadian actor known for his roles in Fortunate Son, The Detail, and Nero Wolfe, and as Cameron Coleman in the web series Vought News Network: Seven on 7 with Cameron Coleman and The Boys.
John E. Bird
John E. Bird (1862–1928) was a member of the Michigan Supreme Court from 1910 to 1928.

Bird was born in Clayton, Michigan.  Bird graduated from Adrian College.  He was admitted to the bar and in 1894 was elected prosecuting attorney for Lenawee County.  He served in this position until 1899.

In 1905 Bird was elected the Attorney General.  He served in this position until 1910.  While in this position he was involved in litigation over the methods of taxing the railroad.

Bird was appointed to the Michigan Supreme Court by Governor Fred M. Warner.  He was re-elected to the court three times, and was still serving on the court at the time of his death.

Fred M. Warner
Fred Maltby Warner (July 21, 1865 – April 17, 1923) was an American politician who served as the 26th governor of Michigan from 1905 to 1911. He also served as the 24th secretary of state of Michigan from 1901 to 1905.
2019 BNP Paribas Sopot Open
The 2019 BNP Paribas Sopot Open is a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It will be the 2nd edition of the tournament which is part of the 2019 ATP Challenger Tour. It will take place in Sopot, Poland between 29 July and 4 August 2019.

BNP Paribas Sopot Open
The BNP Paribas Sopot Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour. Although due to be held annually in Sopot, Poland, it was played in nearby Gdynia in 2018 but moved to Sopot Tenis Klub in 2019. It was regarded as the continuation of the Polish Open, held in Sopot in 2011 and also sponsored by BNP Paribas.
Paul Cootner
Paul Harold Cootner (May 24, 1930 – April 16, 1978) was a financial economist noted for his book The Random Character of Stock Market Prices.

Cootner was born in Logansport, Indiana. He attended the University of Florida, where he earned bachelor's and master's degree. He received a PhD in industrial economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1953.

He worked at Brown University briefly before serving in the Army. He then joined Resources for the Future.

He joined finance faculty of the MIT Sloan School of Management in 1959, where he started work on the "random walk" theory of securities prices, work that led to the 1964 publication of his groundbreaking book.

In 1970, he left MIT to join the faculty of the Graduate School of Business at Stanford University.

He died unexpectedly of a heart attack in 1978.

Stanford Graduate School of Business
The Stanford Graduate School of Business  is the graduate business school of Stanford University, a private research university in Stanford, California. For several years it has been the most selective business school in the United States, admitting only about 6% of applicants. It is part of the M7 group of business schools recognized as having strong MBA programs, that are often highly-ranked in US MBA rankings.

Stanford GSB offers a general management Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree, the MSx Program (MS in Management for mid-career executives), Stanford LEAD Online Business Program and a PhD program, along with joint degrees with other schools at Stanford, including Earth Sciences, Education, Engineering, Law, and Medicine.
Kano State Police Command
The Kano State Police Command is a law enforcement agency responsible for maintaining peace and security in Kano State, Nigeria. Like other state police commands in Nigeria, it is part of the Nigerian Police Force and operates at the state level.  The commissioner of the command Ibrahim Adamu Bakori is appointed by the Inspector General of Police Kayode Egbetokun as the 46th commissioner. Kano State Police operates under the Nigerian Police Act & Regulations CAP. P19. LFN 2004.

Nigeria Police Force
The Nigeria Police Force is the principal law enforcement and the lead security agency in Nigeria. It was designated by the 1999 constitution as the national police of Nigeria, with exclusive jurisdiction throughout the country. As at 2021, it had a staff strength of about 371,800. There are currently plans to increase the force to 650,000, adding 280,000 new recruits to the existing 370,000. The Nigeria Police Force is a very large organisation consisting of 36 State commands and Federal Capital Territory (FCT) grouped into 17 zones and 8 administrative organs. As of February 2026, the NPF is headed by IGP (Inspector General) Tunji Disu. In 2020, it underwent major overhauls.
Drazanda
Drazanda (also spelled Darazinda or Drazinda) is a main village or small town in Dera Ismail Khan District of Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. It is the capital of Darazinda Tehsil and has a population of 8,842, according to the 2017 Census of Pakistan.

The Takht-e-Sulaiman (Solomon's throne), the highest peak of the Sulaiman Mountains is located near Drazanda. At 3,487 metres (11,440 ft), it is the highest peak in Dera Ismail Khan District and the greater Shirani region. 14th-century Maghrebi explorer Ibn Battuta named Takht-e-Sulaiman as Kōh-e Sulaymān, "Mount of Solomon".

Sherani District
Sherani or Shirani (Urdu: ضلع شیرانی) is a rural district in the Zhob Division of Balochistan province in Pakistan. The district is located within the Sulaiman Mountain Range, whose highest peak, Takht-e-Sulaiman, reaches the height of 3,487 metres (11,440 ft).

As of the 2023 census, it had a population of 191,687 people. Villages (also known as Dargah) in the district include: Ahmadi Dirga (also spelled as Ahmedi Dergga), Karama, Zarkai Landawar, Shinghar, Tsappar Kili, and Manikhawa (also known as Mani Kwa).
Sonntagberg
Sonntagberg is a town in the district of Amstetten in Lower Austria in Austria. It is an important pilgrimage location for Catholics. Its basilica church is often cited as one of the most beautiful buildings in the area.

Lower Austria
Lower Austria (German: Niederösterreich pronounced [ˈniːdɐˌ(ʔ)øːstɐraɪç] ⓘ, Bavarian: Niedaöstareich, abbreviated LA or NÖ) is one of the nine states of Austria, located in the northeastern corner of the country. Major cities are Amstetten, Krems an der Donau, Wiener Neustadt and Sankt Pölten, which has been the capital of Lower Austria since 1986, replacing Vienna, which became a separate state in 1921. With a land area of 19,186 km2 (7,408 sq mi) and a population of 1.7 million people, Lower Austria is the largest and second-most-populous state in Austria (after Vienna).
Eriogonum apiculatum
Eriogonum apiculatum is a species of wild buckwheat known by the common name San Jacinto buckwheat. It is endemic to California, where it is known from the San Jacinto, Santa Rosa, Palomar, and Cuyamaca Mountains of San Diego and western Riverside Counties. Its habitat includes chaparral and wooded slopes on granite sands. This is an annual herb producing a spreading to erect, glandular stem up to 90 centimeters tall. The oblong leaves appear at the base of the plant. They are hairy and glandular in texture. Most of the stem is made up of the inflorescence, branching, spindly cyme with clusters of flowers at the tips of the branches. The individual flowers are under 3 millimeters wide and are white in color with reddish stripes.

San Jacinto Mountains
The San Jacinto Mountains (Mohave: Avii Hanupach) are a mountain range in Riverside County, located east of Los Angeles in southern California in the United States. The mountains are named for one of the first Black Friars, Saint Hyacinth (Spanish: San Jacinto), who is a popular patron in Latin America.
WVFX
WVFX (channel 10) is a television station licensed to Clarksburg, West Virginia, United States, serving North-Central West Virginia as an affiliate of Fox and The CW Plus. It is owned by Gray Media alongside Weston-licensed CBS affiliate WDTV (channel 5). The two stations share studios on Television Drive in Bridgeport (along I-79/Jennings Randolph Expressway); WVFX's transmitter is located in an unincorporated area between Clarksburg and Arlington.

Weston, West Virginia
Weston is a city in and the county seat of Lewis County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 3,943 at the 2020 census. It is home to the Museum of American Glass in West Virginia and the Trans-Allegheny Lunatic Asylum.
Alasdair Urquhart
Alasdair Ian Fenton Urquhart (/ˈæləsdər ˈɜːrkərt/ AL-ist-ər UR-kərt; born 20 December 1945) is a Scottish–Canadian philosopher and emeritus professor of philosophy at the University of Toronto. He has made contributions to the field of logic, especially non-classical logic. Amongst his most notable accomplishments is the proof of undecidability of the relevance logic R. He published numerous scientific papers in theoretical computer science venues, mostly on mathematical logic topics of relevance to computer science.

Theoretical computer science
Theoretical computer science is a subfield of computer science and mathematics that focuses on the abstract and mathematical foundations of computation.

It is difficult to circumscribe the theoretical areas precisely. The ACM's Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory (SIGACT) provides the following description:

TCS covers a wide variety of topics including algorithms, data structures, computational complexity, parallel and distributed computation, probabilistic computation, quantum computation, automata theory, information theory, cryptography, program semantics and verification, algorithmic game theory, machine learning, computational biology, computational economics, computational geometry, and computational number theory and algebra. Work in this field is often distinguished by its emphasis on mathematical technique and rigor.
Yumenoshima Stadium
Yumenoshima Stadium (江東区夢の島陸上競技場) is a 5,050-capacity multi-use stadium located in Kōtō, Tokyo on Yumenoshima (夢の島; literally "Dream Island") in Tokyo Bay. The stadium is mostly used for football but also has an athletics track. The seating capacity is 2,350 seats, and the grass stand holds 2,700 people.

The stadium was the main home of Sagawa Express Tokyo SC before that club's merger with its Osaka-based sister club and subsequent relocation to Shiga. It currently serves as the home ground of FC Tokyo U-23 in addition to the Ajinomoto Field Nishigaoka. The stadium hosted the Learning Disabled football championships in 2002.

Tokyo Bay
Tokyo Bay (東京湾, Tōkyō-wan) is a bay located in the southern Kantō region of Japan spanning the coasts of Tokyo, Kanagawa Prefecture, and Chiba Prefecture, on the southern coast of the island of Honshu. Tokyo Bay is connected to the Pacific Ocean by the Uraga Channel. The Tokyo Bay region is the most populous and the largest industrialized area in Japan.
Nargun
A Nargun, according to Gunai/Kurnai tribal legends, was a fierce half-human half-stone creature that lived in the Den of Nargun, a cave under a rock overhang behind a small waterfall located in the Mitchell River National Park, Victoria, Australia. Aboriginal legend describes the Nargun as a beast entirely made of stone except for its hands, arms and breast. The fierce creature would drag unwary travellers into its den. Any weapon directed against it would be turned back on its owner.

Gunaikurnai people
The Kurnai (kur-nye) people constitute an Aboriginal Australian nation of south-east Australia. They are the Traditional Custodians of most of present-day Gippsland and much of the southern slopes of the Victorian Alps. The Kurnai nation is composed of five major clans. During the 19th century, many Kurnai people resisted the incursions by early European squatters and subsequent settlers, resulting in a number of deadly confrontations, and massacres of the indigenous inhabitants. There are about 3,000 Kurnai people today, predominantly living in Gippsland. The Kurnai dialects are the traditional language of the Kurnai people, although there are very few fluent speakers now.
Sinclair, Maine
Sinclair is an unincorporated village within Square Lake unorganized territory in Aroostook County, Maine, United States. The community is located on Maine State Route 162 and the western shore of Long Lake in the northeastern part of the county, within the unorganized territory of Square Lake. Sinclair has a post office, with ZIP code 04779.

Fish River chain of lakes
The Fish River chain of lakes is a series of five lakes in the North Maine Woods region of northern Maine, in a tributary stream to the Fish River. The lakes are an important northern Maine recreation area providing habitat for wildlife including rainbow smelt, brook trout, lake trout, and land-locked Atlantic salmon.
Beyeria lechenaultii
Beyeria lechenaultii (common name - pale turpentine bush) is a species of dioecious (rarely monoecious) flowering plant in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, that is endemic to Australia.

It was first described in 1817 by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle as Hemistemma lechenaultii, using a specimen collected on St Francis Island, South Australia but in 1866 Henri Ernest Baillon assigned the species to the genus, Beyeria. The specific epithet, lechenaultii, honours the French botanist, Jean-Baptiste Leschenault de La Tour.

Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae (/juːˈfɔːrbiˌeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of the type genus of the family. Most spurges, such as Euphorbia paralias, are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees, such as Hevea brasiliensis. Some, such as Euphorbia canariensis,: 206  are succulent and resemble cacti because of convergent evolution. This family has a cosmopolitan global distribution. The greatest diversity of species is in the tropics; however, the Euphorbiaceae also have many species in nontropical areas of all continents except Antarctica.
Salbitschijen
The Salbitschijen is a mountain in the Urner Alps, overlooking Göschenen in the Swiss canton of Uri. It lies at the southern extremity of the range of the Fleckistock.

It is known for its rock climbing opportunities; the ridges from the south being firstly climbed in 1935 while the western ridge, that was thought to be inaccessible to earlier climbers, was first climbed in 1948.

In 2009 a high level suspension bridge (Salbitbrücke) was installed on its southern flank, making it possible to pass from the Salbithütte to the Voralphütte without the use of climbing gear. It is nevertheless an exposed path and most people will use via ferrata equipment to traverse the bridge and the following ridge. Such equipment can be hired at the nearby huts Voralphütte and Salbithütte of the Swiss Alpine Club.

Uri Alps
The Uri Alps (also known as Urner Alps, German: Urner Alpen) are a mountain range in Central Switzerland and part of the Western Alps. They extend into the cantons of Obwalden, Valais, Bern, Uri and Nidwalden and are bordered by the Bernese Alps (Grimsel Pass) and the Emmental Alps to the west (the four lakes: Lungerersee, Sarnersee, Wichelsee, and Alpnachersee), the Schwyzer Alps to the north (Lake Lucerne), the Lepontine Alps to the south (the valley of Urseren with Andermatt) and the Glarus Alps to the east (Reuss).

The Uri Alps are composed of two distinct groups separated by the Susten Pass. The Dammastock massif on the south is the most glaciated part while the northern part, which culminates on Titlis, has lower summits but greater extent.
Tiye (name)
Tiye, also spelled Tiy, Tiyi, Tiya was an ancient Egyptian name; according to Aldred, the pet name for Nefertari. Its notable bearers were:

Queen Tiye, wife of Amenhotep III, mother of Akhenaten and possible sister of Ay (18th dynasty)

Queen Tey, wife of Ay, wet nurse of Nefertiti, possibly mother of Mutbenret (18th dynasty)

Queen Tiye-Mereniset, wife of Setnakht, mother of Ramesses III (20th dynasty)

Queen Tiye, wife of Ramesses III, against whom she was involved in a harem conspiracy to put her son Pentawere on the throne. (20th dynasty)

"Tiy" is also an online moniker used by Finn Bruce, the founder of Chucklefish.

Chucklefish
Chucklefish Limited is a British video game developer and publisher based in London. Founded in 2011 by Finn Brice, the company specialises in retro-styled games. Chucklefish is best known for developing Starbound and Wargroove, as well being the former publishers of Risk of Rain and Stardew Valley.
Benjamin P. Bowser
Benjamin Paul Bowser (born 1946) is an American sociologist, research methodologist and Professor Emeritus of Sociology and Social Services at California State University, East Bay. His scholarship focuses on race relations, the Black middle class, drug abuse prevention, and the social impacts of racism. He is the author or editor of a dozen books including The Black Middle Class: Social Mobility and Vulnerability and Against the Odds: Scholars Who Challenged Racism in the Twentieth Century. He is a board member of Felton Institute and former elected President of Association of Black Sociologists.

Association of Black Sociologists
The Association of Black Sociologists (ABS) is an American learned society dedicated to the advancement of scholarship by African American sociologists. It is based in Chicago, Illinois. Its official journal is Issues in Race & Society, which it publishes in a partnership with Vanderbilt University's Peabody College. The association was founded in 1970. Today, it is led by an Executive Committee with multiple roles that meets once a year. These positions are decided through elections.