hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NGC 4458
NGC 4458 is an elliptical galaxy located about 54 million light-years away in the constellation of Virgo. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 12, 1784. NGC 4458 is a member of Markarian's Chain which is part of the Virgo Cluster. It is in a pair with the galaxy NGC 4461. NGC 4458 and NGC 4461 are interacting with each other.

NGC 4458 may have a supermassive black hole with an estimated mass of 200 million Suns (2×108 M☉).

Supermassive black hole
A supermassive black hole (SMBH or sometimes SBH) is the largest type of black hole, with its mass being on the order of hundreds of thousands, or millions to billions, of times the mass of the Sun (M☉). Black holes are a class of astronomical objects that have undergone gravitational collapse, leaving behind spheroidal regions of space that nothing, not even light, can escape. Observational evidence indicates that almost every large galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center. For example, the Milky Way galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center, corresponding to the radio source Sagittarius A*. Accretion of interstellar gas onto supermassive black holes is the process responsible for powering active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and quasars.

Two supermassive black holes have been directly imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope; these are Sagittarius A, at the center of the Milky Way, and the black hole at the center of Messier 87, a giant elliptical galaxy.
Zhylivka
Zhilivka (Ukrainian: Жилівка; Romanian: Sânger) is a commune (selsoviet) in Chernivtsi Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Vanchykivtsi rural hromada, which is one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Until 18 July 2020, Zhylivka belonged to Novoselytsia Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernivtsi Oblast to three. The area of Novoselytsia Raion was split between Chernivtsi and Dnistrovskyi Raions, with Zhylivka being transferred to Chernivtsi Raion.

Novoselytsia Raion
Novoselytsia Raion (Ukrainian: Новоселицький район, Romanian: Raionul Noua Suliță pronounced [raˈjonul ˈnowa ˈsulit͡sə]) was a raion (administrative district) in Chernivtsi Oblast, (province) in the west of Ukraine. The western part of its territory lied in the historical region of Bukovina, the eastern part in Bessarabia, while one village (Boianivka) was part of the Hertsa region. The center of the raion was the city of Novoselytsia. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernivtsi Oblast to three. The area of Novoselytsia Raion was split between Chernivtsi and Dnistrovskyi Raions. The last estimate of the raion population was 76,744 (2020 est.)
Ruslan Magomedragimov
Ruslan Magomedragimov (Russian: Руслан Магомедкасумович Магомедрагимов) was a Russian activist from Dagestan. He was involved with the movement "Sadval" (Unity), advocating for the autonomy or independence of the Lezgin people.

He was found dead on 24 March  2015 in Kaspiysk under suspicious circumstances, although the official investigation concluded he died from natural causes.

Sadval movement issued a statement in which its leader, Nazim Hajiyev, publicly stated that he was convinced that Magomedragimov had been killed due to his activism. (Hajiyev himself would be murdered a year later.)

In 2021, an investigation by Spiegel, Bellingcat and The Insider, suggested that Magomedragimov might have been the victim of the same FSB team that was involved in the poisoning of Alexei Navalny.

Bellingcat
Bellingcat is a Netherlands-based investigative journalism group that specialises in fact-checking and open-source intelligence (OSINT). It was founded by British citizen journalist and former blogger Eliot Higgins in July 2014.

Bellingcat publishes the findings of both professional and citizen journalist investigations into war zones, human rights abuses, and the criminal underworld. The site's contributors also publish guides to their techniques, as well as case studies. In 2025, Bellingcat expanded operations to the United States.

Bellingcat began as an investigation into the use of weapons in the Syrian civil war. Its reports on the Russo-Ukrainian War (including the downing of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17), the El Junquito raid, the Yemeni Civil War, the poisoning of Alexei Navalny, the poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal, and the killing of civilians by the Cameroon Armed Forces have attracted international attention.
Vector notation
In mathematics and physics, vector notation is a commonly used notation for representing  vectors, which may be Euclidean vectors, or more generally, members of a vector space.

For denoting a vector, the common typographic convention is lower case, upright boldface type, as in v. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) recommends either bold italic serif, as in v, or non-bold italic serif accented by a right arrow, as in .
In advanced mathematics, vectors are often represented in a simple italic type, like any variable.

Vector representations include Cartesian, polar, cylindrical, and spherical coordinates.

Element of a set
In mathematics, an element (or member) of a set is any one of the distinct objects that belong to that set. For example, given a set called A containing the first four positive integers (), one could say that "3 is an element of A", expressed notationally as .
Ruel, Ontario
Ruel is an unincorporated community in geographic Blewett Township in the Unorganized North Part of Sudbury District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. The community is on the Opikinimika River, part of the James Bay drainage basin, just over the height of land between the latter basin and the Great Lakes Basin.

Ruel station is on the Canadian National Railway transcontinental main line and was named for Gerard Ruel, Assistant Solicitor for the Canadian Northern Railway (CNoR). It has a passing siding, and is served by Via Rail Canadian trains.

Sudbury District
The Sudbury District is a district in Northeastern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It was created in 1894 from townships of eastern Algoma District and west Nipissing District. In 1973, the Regional Municipality of Sudbury was created as a separate jurisdiction out of the district.

The overwhelming majority of the district (about 92%) is unincorporated and part of Unorganized North Sudbury District. With the exception of Chapleau, all of the district's incorporated municipalities are found in the area immediately surrounding the city of Greater Sudbury to the west, east and south. North of the Greater Sudbury area, the district is sparsely populated; between Sudbury and Chapleau, only unincorporated settlements, ghost towns and small First Nations reserves are found.
Hyderabad Institute of Arts, Science and Technology
Hyderabad Institute of Arts, Science and Technology (Sindhi: حيدرآباد انسٽيٽيوٽ آف آرٽس، سائنس اينڊ ٽيڪنالاجي) or HiAST is a private degree awarding institution located in Hyderabad, Pakistan. It was established on 1 August 2001, and in February 2013 was chartered under The Hyderabad Institute of Arts, Science and Technology Act, 2013. It has Higher Education Commission of Pakistan-recognized affiliations with both the University of Sindh and Mehran University of Engineering and Technology.

Hyderabad, Pakistan
Hyderabad, also known as Neroonkot, is the capital and largest city of the Hyderabad Division in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is the second-largest city in Sindh, after Karachi, and the 7th largest in Pakistan.

Founded in 1768 by Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro of the Kalhora Dynasty, Hyderabad served as a provincial capital until the British transferred the capital to Bombay Presidency in 1840. It is about 150 kilometres (93 mi) inland of Karachi, the largest city of Pakistan, to which it is connected by a direct railway and M-9 motorway.
Jennifer O'Leary
Jennifer O’Leary is a camogie player, winner of eight All-Star awards in 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007,  2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014  . She won All Ireland medals with Cork in 2002, 2005, 2006  and 2014  and National League medals in 2003, 2006, 2007, when her late point secured victory for Cork, 2012 and 2013. With a total of 2-38 she was the third highest scoring player in the Senior Championship of 2011.

2011 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship
The 2011 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship—known as the All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship in association with RTÉ Sport for sponsorship reasons— is the premier competition of the 2011 camogie season. It commenced on 11 June 2011 and ended with the final on 11 September. Eight county teams compete in the Senior Championship out of twenty-seven who compete overall in the Senior, Intermediate and Junior Championships. Wexford defeated Galway in the final, avenging a surprise 11-point defeat in the round-robin stage of the championship.
Palangpol CP Freshmart
Rangsan Chayanram (Thai: รังสรรค์ จะยันรัมย์; born 8 July 1985), nicknamed Day (เดย์) and better known as Palangpol CP Freshmart (พลังพล ซีพีเฟรชมาร์ท), is a retired Thai professional boxer and a Muay Thai kickboxer. As a boxer, he challenged for the WBO junior-flyweight title in 2017.

Rajadamnern Stadium
Rajadamnern Stadium (Thai: สนามมวยราชดำเนิน, RTGS: Sanam Muai Ratchadamnoen, IPA: [sànǎːm mūaj râːtt͡ɕʰàdāmnɤ̄ːn]) is a sporting arena in Bangkok, Thailand. Along with Lumpinee Boxing Stadium, Rajadamnern is one of the two main stadiums for modern Muay Thai. It hosts fights everyday from Monday to Sunday. The stadium has its own ranking system and championship titles up to middleweight (160 lbs).
Coywolf
A coywolf is a canid hybrid descended from coyotes (Canis latrans), eastern wolves (Canis lycaon), gray wolves (Canis lupus), and dogs (Canis familiaris). All of these species are members of the genus Canis with 78 chromosomes; therefore, the species can interbreed. One genetic study indicates that these species genetically diverged relatively recently (around 55,000–117,000 years ago). Genomic studies indicate that nearly all North American gray wolf populations possess some degree of admixture with coyotes following a geographic cline, with the lowest levels occurring in Alaska, and the highest in Ontario and Quebec, as well as Atlantic Canada. Another term for these hybrids is sometimes wolfote.

Atlantic Canada
Atlantic Canada, also called the Atlantic provinces (French: provinces de l'Atlantique), is the region of Eastern Canada comprising four provinces: New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. As of 2021, the landmass of the four Atlantic provinces was approximately 488,000 km2 (188,000 sq mi), and had a population of over 2.4 million people. The term Atlantic Canada was popularized following the admission of Newfoundland as a Canadian province in 1949. The province of Newfoundland and Labrador is not included in the Maritimes, another significant regional term, but is included in Atlantic Canada.
Jean-Yves Leloup
Jean-Yves Leloup is a French theologian, writer, translator of Greek and Coptic language texts, born in 1950 in Angers. 
He is the author of over ninety books in French, some translated into other languages, including English, German, Spanish and Portuguese.The primary subject of his writings is Christian spirituality.

He has translated and commented on the apocryphal gospels from the Nag Hammadi library according to Thomas, Philip and Mary (Mary Magdalene), as well as the Gospel according to John and the Apocalypse.
He also explores the meditative and monastic traditions of the Orthodox Church  (Hesychasm) and the teachings of the Fathers of the Church, especially the Desert Fathers, in particular Evagrius Ponticus. He investigates the role of the Feminine in the history of Christianity and considers the dialogue with other spiritual traditions.

Evagrius Ponticus
Evagrius Ponticus (Ancient Greek: Εὐάγριος ὁ Ποντικός), also called Evagrius the Solitary (345–399 AD), was a Christian monk and ascetic from Heraclea, a city on the coast of Bithynia in Asia Minor. One of the most influential theologians in the late fourth-century church, he was well known as a thinker, polished speaker, and gifted writer. He left a promising ecclesiastical career in Constantinople and traveled to Jerusalem, where in 383 AD he became a monk at the monastery of Rufinus and Melania the Elder. He then went to Egypt and spent the remaining years of his life in Nitria and Kellia, marked by years of asceticism and writing. He was a disciple of several influential contemporary church leaders, including Basil of Caesarea, Gregory of Nazianzus, and Macarius of Egypt. He was a teacher of others, including John Cassian and Palladius of Galatia.
Exit Humanity
Exit Humanity is a 2011 Canadian period zombie horror film directed by John Geddes, starring Mark Gibson, Adam Seybold, Jordan Hayes, Dee Wallace, Bill Moseley, Stephen McHattie, Ari Millen and Jason David Brown.

Bill Moseley
William Lambert Moseley (born November 11, 1951) is an American actor, primarily known for his performances in horror films. His best-known roles include Chop Top in The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 (1986), Otis B. Driftwood in Rob Zombie's Firefly trilogy, Luigi Largo in Repo! The Genetic Opera (2008), and The Magician in Alleluia! The Devil's Carnival (2015). He had a recurring role as camp cook Possum on the HBO TV series Carnivàle (2003–05). He has also released records with guitarist Buckethead in the band Cornbugs, as well as featuring on the guitarist's solo work.
Saint-Cyprien, Lot
Saint-Cyprien (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ sipʁijɛ̃] ⓘ; Languedocien: Sent Çabrian) is a former commune in the Lot department in south-western France. On 1 January 2018, it was merged into the new commune of Lendou-en-Quercy.

Languedocien dialect
Languedocien (French name, pronounced [lɑ̃ɡdɔsjɛ̃] ⓘ), Languedocian, or Lengadocian (Occitan pronunciation: [ˌleŋɡɔðuˈsja]) is an Occitan dialect spoken in rural parts of southern France such as Languedoc, Rouergue, Quercy, Agenais and southern Périgord. It is sometimes also called Languedocien-Guyennais. Owing to its central position among the dialects of Occitan, it is often used as a basis for a Standard Occitan.

About 10% of the population of Languedoc are fluent in the language (about 300,000), and another 20% (600,000) "have some understanding" of the language. All speak French as their first or second language.
Enis Imamović
Enis Imamović (Serbian Cyrillic: Енис Имамовић; born 25 June 1984) is a Serbian politician from the country's Bosniak community. He served in the Serbian national assembly from 2012 to 2024 and was a leading member of the Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak (SDA) for many years until leaving the party in late 2023.

Albanians in Serbia
Albanians are a recognized ethnic minority in Serbia. According to data from the 2022 census, the population of ethnic Albanians in Serbia is 61,687, constituting 0.9% of the total population. The vast majority of them live in the Preševo Valley, the southernmost part of the country bordering Kosovo and North Macedonia.
John Patrick O'Gara
John Patrick O'Gara was a French-born soldier of Irish descent who served in the Spanish Army during the eighteenth century.

He was the son of Colonel Oliver O'Gara, a Jacobite exile who left Ireland for France following the surrender of forces loyal to James III under the Treaty of Limerick. Colonel O'Gara settled in Saint-Germain where James' exiled court was in residence. The Colonel married Mary Fleming, daughter of Randall Fleming, 21st Baron Slane, and had five children with her of whom John Patrick was the eldest, being baptised on 25 October 1692.

Like many other sons of the Wild Geese, he sought a career in one of the Continental armies as the Penal Laws forbade Catholics from serving in either the British or Irish Army. O'Gara's career was fairly successful, rising to the rank of Brigadier. Two of his younger brothers also joined the Spanish Army, while another Charles O'Gara became a courtier at the Austrian court in Vienna.

Continental Europe
Continental Europe or mainland Europe is the contiguous mainland of Europe, excluding its surrounding islands. It can also be referred to ambiguously as the European continent, – which can conversely mean the whole of Europe – and, by some, simply as the Continent. When Eurasia is regarded as a single continent, Europe is treated both as a continent and subcontinent.
Freedom and Constitution Day
The Freedom and Constitution Day (Turkish: 27 Mayıs Hürriyet ve Anayasa Bayramı) was a  public holiday in Turkey celebrated on 27 May between 1963 and 1981 in commemoration of the 27 May 1960 military coup and the new constitution.

By the 1960 military coup on 27 May, the 11th Parliament was abolished.  On 9 July 1961, a  referandum was held for a new  constitution, and on 15 October 1961 Turkey returned to democratic political system. On 4 April 1963, a public holiday was enacted to commemorate the new constitution.  The holiday was on the 27 May. The public holiday was abolished on 17 March 1981 following the 12 September 1980 military coup.

Turkish Constitution of 1961
The Constitution of 1961, officially titled the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası), was the fundamental law of Turkey from 1961 to 1982. It was introduced following the 1960 coup d'état, replacing the earlier Constitution of 1924. It was approved in a referendum held on 9 July 1961, with 61.7% of the nation voting in favor. It remained in force until the 1980 coup d'état, following which it was replaced by a new document, the Constitution of 1982, which remains in force today.
Stevan Hadžić
Stevan Hadžić (19 February 1868 – 23 April 1931) was a general of the Royal Serbian Army and an army general of the Royal Yugoslav Army. In the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, he served four times as Minister of the Army and Navy and remained there until his death.

Royal Serbian Army
The Army of the Kingdom of Serbia (Serbian Cyrillic: Војска Краљевине Србије, romanized: Vojska Kraljevine Srbije), known in English as the Royal Serbian Army, was the army of the Kingdom of Serbia that existed between 1882 and 1918, succeeding the Armed Forces of the Principality of Serbia and preceding the Royal Yugoslav Army.
Electoral district of Bega
Bega is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is represented by Michael Holland of the Labor Party.

Bega is a regional electorate in the southeastern corner of the state. It encompasses the entirety of Bega Valley Shire and Eurobodalla Shire. Its population centres include Bega, Tathra, Merimbula, Eden, Bemboka, Eurobodalla Shire, Moruya, Batemans Bay and Narooma.

Narooma, New South Wales
Narooma (/nəruːmə/) is a town in the Australian state of New South Wales on the far south coast.  The town is on the Princes Highway, which crosses the Wagonga Inlet to North Narooma. The heritage town of Central Tilba is nearby to the south.

The name Narooma is said to be derived from a word in the local Aboriginal language (one of the Yuin dialects) meaning "clear blue waters".

At the 2016 census, Narooma had an urban population of over 3,000 people.
Live at the Sydney Opera House (Paul Kelly album)
Live at the Sydney Opera House is a live album by Australian musician Paul Kelly. The album was released on 26 April 2019 and peaked at number 61 on the ARIA Charts.
The album captures Kelly show from the forecourt of Sydney Opera House which was broadcast live across the Australia on the ABC.

At the AIR Awards of 2020, the album was nominated for Best Independent Blues and Roots Album or EP.

AIR Awards of 2020
The 2020 AIR Awards was the fourteenth annual Australian Independent Record Labels Association Music Awards ceremony (generally known as the AIR Awards). It took place on 1 October 2020 in Adelaide.

The nominations were revealed on 7 July 2020, consisting of sixteen categories, up four from twelve, as was the case in 2019. The four new categories were: Best Independent Pop Album or EP, Best Independent Rock Album or EP, Best Independent Children's Album or EP, and Best Independent Soul/R&B Album or EP. The award for Best Independent Hard Rock, Heavy or Punk Album was split in two, recognising Punk and Heavy separately. For the first time, the ceremony didn't include the Best Independent Artist category.
In a Glass House
In a Glass House is the fifth album by the British progressive rock band Gentle Giant, released on 21 September 1973. The album is a loosely realised concept project based on the aphorism "Those who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones". The record begins and ends with the sound of breaking glass. It is the first album released by the band following the departure of Phil Shulman.

Aphorism
An aphorism (from Greek ἀφορισμός: aphorismos, denoting 'delimitation', 'distinction', and 'definition') is a concise, terse, laconic, or memorable expression of a general truth or principle. Aphorisms are often handed down by tradition from generation to generation.

The concept is generally distinct from those of an adage, brocard, chiasmus, epigram, maxim (legal or philosophical), principle, proverb, and saying; although some of these concepts could be construed as types of aphorism.

Often aphorisms are distinguished from other short sayings by the need for interpretation to make sense of them. In A Theory of the Aphorism, Andrew Hui defined an aphorism as "a short saying that requires interpretation".

A famous example is:

You cannot step into the same river twice.
Ayarkunnam
Ayarkunnam is a town located between the cities of Pala and Kottayam. It is administered by the Ayarkunnam Grama Panchayat and there are 20 grama panchayat wards in Ayarkunnam.

According to Census 2011 information the location code or village code of Ayarkunnam village is 628159. Ayarkunnam village is located in Kottayam Tehsil of Kottayam district in Kerala, India. It is situated 15 km away from Kottayam, which is both district and sub-district headquarter of Ayarkunnam village. As per 2009 stats, Ayarkunnam is the gram panchayat of Ayarkunnam village.

The total geographical area of village is 2513 hectares. Ayarkunnam has a total population of 28,718 peoples. There are about 7,063 houses in Ayarkunnam village. Ettumanoor is the nearest municipality to Ayarkunnam.Kottayam and Pala are about 15 km from Ayarkunnam.

Pala, Kerala
Pala (IPA: [paːlaː]) is a municipality in the Kottayam district of Kerala, India. It is located 28 km (17.4 mi) north of the district headquarters in Kottayam and about 167 km (103.8 mi) north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram. As per the 2011 Indian census, Pala has a population of 22,056, and a population density of 1,373/km2 (3,560/sq mi).

Pala is on the banks of the Meenachil River and is a major hub of Syrian Christian culture in Kerala.
13th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam
The 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Đại hội Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam lần thứ XIII) was held in Vietnam National Convention Center, Hanoi from 25 January 2021 to 1 February 2021. It elected the 13th electoral term of the CPV Central Committee on 30 January 2021.

Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam
The Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Ban Chấp hành Trung ương Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam), commonly the Party Central Committee (PCC; Vietnamese: Ban Chấp hành Trung ương Đảng - BCHTW Đảng or BCHTƯ Đảng), is the highest organ between two national congresses and the organ of authority of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the sole ruling party in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.