hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Slavic liquid metathesis and pleophony
The Slavic liquid metathesis refers to the phenomenon of metathesis of liquid consonants in the Common Slavic period in the South Slavic and West Slavic area. The closely related corresponding phenomenon of pleophony (also known as polnoglasie or full vocalization) occurred in parallel in the East Slavic languages.

The change acted on syllables in which the Proto-Slavic liquid consonants *r and *l occurred in a coda position. The result of the change is dependent upon the phonological environment and accents, and it varies in different Slavic languages.

The change has been dated to the second half of the 8th century, before any Slavic languages were recorded in writing. Therefore, the change itself cannot be observed, but it can be inferred by comparing words in different Slavic languages. Evidence of the earlier state of affairs is also preserved in loanwords into and from Early Slavic as well as in cognates in other Indo-European languages, particularly Baltic languages.

Liquid consonant
In linguistics, a liquid consonant or simply liquid is any of a class of consonants that consists of rhotics and voiced lateral approximants, which are also sometimes described as "R-like sounds" and "L-like sounds". The word liquid seems to be a calque of the Ancient Greek word ὑγρός (hygrós 'moist'), initially used by grammarian Dionysius Thrax to describe Greek sonorants.

Liquid consonants are more prone to be part of consonant clusters and of the syllable nucleus. Their third formants are generally non-predictable based on the first two formants. Another important feature is their complex articulation, which makes them a hard consonant class to study with precision and the last consonants to be produced by children during their phonological development. They are also more likely to undergo certain types of phonological changes such as assimilation, dissimilation and metathesis.

Most languages have at least one liquid in their phonemic inventory. English has two, /l/ and /ɹ/.
Thomas & Friends series 20
Thomas & Friends is a children's television series about the engines and other characters on the railways of the Island of Sodor, and is based on The Railway Series books written by Wilbert Awdry.

This article lists and details episodes from the twentieth series of the show, which started airing on 5 September 2016 in the UK, and on 21 October 2016 in the US. The series was narrated by Mark Moraghan for audiences in the UK and US. It was notable for being the first series since the show’s fourth to directly adapt stories from the original Railway Series books. In the US, this was the last series to air on PBS Kids.

Island of Sodor
The Island of Sodor, or simply Sodor, is a fictional island that is the primary setting for The Railway Series books by Wilbert Awdry. It lies in the Irish Sea between Cumbria and the Isle of Man. The island has many railways, including many locomotives, the most famous being Thomas the Tank Engine. The island also appears in the television adaptation Thomas & Friends, and other media in the franchise.
NLRP8
NLRP8, short for NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 8, is an intracellular protein that is expressed in the ovaries, testes, and preimplantation embryos of mammals.  It is also known as NALP8, NOD16, PAN4, and CLR19.2, and is one of 14 pyrin domain containing members of the NOD-like receptor family of cytoplasmic receptors.

Glossary of biology
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms. It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology, Glossary of environmental science and Glossary of scientific naming, or any of the organism-specific glossaries in Category:Glossaries of biology.
Cusick
Cusick is an Anglo-Irish and Anglo-Norman surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David Cusick (c.1780–c.1831), Tuscarora artist and the author of David Cusick's Sketches of Ancient History of the Six Nations (1828)

Fred Cusick (1918–2009), American ice hockey broadcaster who served as the Boston Bruins play-by-play announcer for 45 years

Henry Ian Cusick (born 1967), Scottish-Peruvian actor

Johnny Cusick (1916–?) English boxer

Michael Cusick (born 1969), Democratic Party politician, member of the New York State Assembly from the 63rd District

Raymond Cusick (1928–2013), English art director and production designer

Richie Tankersley Cusick (born 1952), American writer

Ryan Cusick (born 1999), American baseball player

Suzanne Cusick (born 1954), American musicologist

David Cusick
David Cusick (c. 1780 – 1840) was a Tuscarora artist and the author of David Cusick's Sketches of Ancient History of the Six Nations (1827). This is an early (if not the first) account of Native American history and myth, written and published in English by a Native American.
I Count the Tears
"I Count the Tears" is a song written by Doc Pomus and Mort Shuman and performed by The Drifters, with Ben E. King singing lead. In 1960, the track reached No. 6 on the U.S. R&B chart, No. 17 on the U.S. pop chart, and No. 28 on the UK Singles Chart.

It was featured on their 1962 album, Save the Last Dance for Me.

A theme from the song was later used for the chorus of Let's Live for Today

Doc Pomus
Jerome Solon Felder (June 27, 1925 – March 14, 1991), known professionally as Doc Pomus, was an American blues singer and songwriter. He is best known as the co-writer of many rock and roll hits. Pomus was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a non-performer in 1992, the Songwriters Hall of Fame (1992), and the Blues Hall of Fame (2012).
Pyongbuk Line
The P'yŏngbuk Line is an electrified standard-gauge secondary trunk line of the Korean State Railway in North Pyŏngan Province, North Korea, running from Chŏngju on the P'yŏngŭi Line to Ch'ŏngsu; it meets the Ch'ŏngnyŏn P'arwŏn Line at Kusŏng, and at Ch'ŏngsu, via a bridge across the Yalu River, it goes to Shanghekou, China, where it connects to China Railway's Fengshang Railway to Fenghuangcheng.

North Pyongan Province
North Pyongan Province (also spelled North P'yŏngan; Korean: 평안북도; MR: Phyŏnganbukto; IPA: [pʰjʌŋanbuk̚t͈o]) is a western province of North Korea. The province was formed in 1896 from the northern half of the former P'yŏng'an Province, remained a province of Korea until 1945, then became a province of North Korea. Its capital is Sinŭiju. In 2002, Sinŭiju Special Administrative Region—near the city of Sinuiju—was established as a separately governed Special Administrative Region.
C. Hassell Bullock
Clarence Hassell Bullock (born 1939) is an American Old Testament scholar and former president of the Evangelical Theological Society. He was a professor at Wheaton College in Illinois from 1973 until his retirement in 2009.

Wheaton College (Illinois)
Wheaton College is a private Evangelical Christian liberal arts college in Wheaton, Illinois, United States. It was founded by evangelical abolitionists in 1860. Wheaton College was a stop on the Underground Railroad and graduated one of Illinois' first Black college graduates. Colloquially known as the "Harvard of Evangelical Schools", it has been considered one of the leading Christian universities in the United States and an influential institution in North American evangelicalism and as an anchor of the "Bible belt" centered around the Wheaton area.
Esterified estrogens
Esterified estrogens (EEs), sold under the brand names Estratab and Menest among others, is an estrogen medication which is used hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms and low sex hormone levels in women, to treat breast cancer in both women and men, and to treat prostate cancer in men. It is formulated alone or in combination with methyltestosterone. It is taken by mouth.

Side effects of EEs include nausea, breast tension, edema, and breakthrough bleeding among others. It is an estrogen, or an agonist of the estrogen receptors, the biological target of estrogens like estradiol. EEs are a prodrug mainly of estradiol and to a lesser extent of equilin.

EEs were introduced for medical use by 1970. They are available in only a few countries, such as Chile and the United States. They have also been marketed in Argentina and Switzerland in the past.

Side effect
In medicine, a side effect is an unintended effect caused by a medicinal drug or other treatment's capacities or properties, and these effects are often adverse but sometimes beneficial. Herbal and traditional medicines also have side effects.

A drug or procedure usually used for a specific effect may be used specifically because of a beneficial side-effect; this is termed "off-label use" until such use is approved. For instance, X-rays have long been used as an imaging technique; the discovery of their oncolytic capability led to their use in radiotherapy for ablation of malignant tumours.
Patricia Berjak
Patricia Berjak FRSSAf (29 December 1939 – 21 January 2015) was a South African botanist known for her work on the biology of plant seeds, especially seed recalcitrance. She was professor for 48 years at the University of Kwazulu-Natal (UKZN).

She earned a B.Sc. degree in biochemistry at the University of the Witwatersrand (1962), then went on to the University of Natal (now UKZN), earning a M.Sc. in mammalian physiology and biochemistry (1966) and PhD in seed biology (1969). She was a member of the Academy of Science of South Africa, and a Fellow of the University of Natal, the Royal Society of South Africa and the Third World Academy of Sciences. She was awarded the Order of Mapungubwe (Silver) in 2006. The standard author abbreviation Berjak is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

Recalcitrant seed
Recalcitrant seeds are seeds that do not survive drying and freezing during ex situ conservation. By and large, these seeds cannot resist the effects of drying or temperatures less than 10 °C (50 °F); thus, they cannot be stored for long periods like orthodox seeds because they can lose their viability. Plants that produce recalcitrant seeds include avocado, mango, mangosteen, lychee, cocoa, rubber tree, some horticultural trees, aquatic plants such as Nymphaea caerulea, and several plants used in traditional medicine, such as species of Virola and Pentaclethra. Generally speaking, most tropical pioneer species have orthodox seeds but many climax species have recalcitrant or intermediate seeds.
2010 United States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey
The 2010 United States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey were held on November 4, 2010, to elect the 13 U.S. representatives from the state of New Jersey, one from each of the state's 13 congressional districts. The primary election in which candidates were chosen took place on June 8, 2010.

As of 2026, this is the last election in which the Republican Party won the statewide popular vote for United States House, even though they did not win a majority of congressional seats. As a result, New Jersey became one of four states in which the party that won the state's popular vote did not win a majority of seats in 2010, the other states being Iowa, Illinois, and North Carolina.

Rush Holt Jr.
Rush Dew Holt Jr. (born October 15, 1948) is an American scientist and politician who served as the U.S. representative for New Jersey's 12th congressional district from 1999 to 2015. He is a member of the Democratic Party and son of former West Virginia U.S. Senator Rush D. Holt Sr. He worked as a professor of public policy and physics, and during his tenure in Congress he was one of two physicists and the only Quaker there.

Holt sought the Democratic nomination in the 2013 special primary election to fill the seat of U.S. Senator Frank Lautenberg, who died in office on June 3, 2013. He lost the nomination to Newark Mayor Cory Booker. Holt announced on February 18, 2014 that he would not seek re-election to the U.S. House that year.

In February 2015, Holt became chief executive officer of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and executive publisher of the Science family of journals.  He served in that role until his retirement in September 2019.
Rotex Global
ROTEX Global, LLC was founded in 1844 and is the oldest capital manufacturer in the Cincinnati community. Dealing with the advancement of screening equipment and technology for the processing industries, Rotex manufactures screening equipment, feeders, conveyors, and automated analyzers that serve a global market. Rotex serves chemical, food, and mineral processing as well as the plastic compounding and agribusiness industries. The company's headquarters are in the United States with additional locations in the United Kingdom, Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, France, and Japan.

Mechanical screening
Mechanical screening, often just called screening, is the practice of taking granulated or crushed ore material and separating it into multiple grades by particle size.

This practice occurs in a variety of industries such as mining and mineral processing, agriculture, pharmaceutical, food, plastics, and recycling.

A method of separating solid particles according to size alone is called screening.
Eric Bogue
Eric Bogue (born October 4, 1964) is an American politician who served in the South Dakota House of Representatives from the 28A district from 1995 to 1997 and in the South Dakota Senate from the 28th district from 1999 to 2007.

South Dakota House of Representatives
The South Dakota House of Representatives is the lower house of the South Dakota Legislature. It consists of 70 members, two from each legislative district. Two of the state's 35 legislative districts, Districts 26 and 28, are each subdivided into two single-member districts (26A/26B and 28A/28B). The South Dakota House of Representatives meets at the South Dakota State Capitol in Pierre.
Bradford District Care NHS Foundation Trust
Bradford District Care NHS Foundation Trust provides mental health, dentistry, community health, and specialist learning disability services in Bradford, Keighley, Ilkley and Craven in Yorkshire, England. It achieved foundation trust status in May 2015.

Ilkley
Ilkley is a spa town and civil parish in the City of Bradford in West Yorkshire, in Northern England. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Ilkley civil parish includes the adjacent village of Ben Rhydding and is a ward within the City of Bradford. Approximately 12 miles (19 km) north of Bradford and 17 miles (27 km) north-west of Leeds, the town lies mainly on the south bank of the River Wharfe in Wharfedale, one of the Yorkshire Dales.

Ilkley's spa town heritage and surrounding countryside make tourism an important local industry. The town centre is characterised by Victorian architecture, wide streets and floral displays. Ilkley Moor, to the south of the town, is the subject of a folk song, often described as the unofficial anthem of Yorkshire, "On Ilkla Moor Baht 'at". The song's words are written in Yorkshire dialect: its title translated is "On Ilkley Moor without a hat".
Bec Cody
Rebecca "Bec" Cody (born 1973) is an Australian politician. She was a Labor member of the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly from 2016 to 2020, representing the electorate of Murrumbidgee. She was a hairdresser before entering politics, and owned a salon. She also worked as a unionist. Prior to her election in 2016, Cody unsuccessfully ran in the ACT electorate of Brindabella in 2012, securing 5.6% of the first preference vote.

Cody played a key role in the ACT Legislative Assembly in smearing the name of a former governor-general, in moving to have his honour erased from the name of a road in Canberra in November 2018.

She lost her seat to fellow Labor candidate Marisa Paterson at the 2020 ACT election.

ACT Labor Party
The ACT Labor Party, officially known as the Australian Labor Party (ACT Branch) and commonly referred to simply as ACT Labor, is the Australian Capital Territory branch of the Australian Labor Party (ALP). The branch is the current ruling party in the ACT and is led by Andrew Barr, who has concurrently served as chief minister since 2014. It is one of two major parties in the unicameral ACT Legislative Assembly.

Originally a part of the New South Wales Labor Party, the ALP National Conference established an autonomous ACT Branch in 1973. There have been four Labor Chief Ministers since self-government in 1989. The most recent is the current Chief Minister, Andrew Barr, who has served since 2014.

The ACT Labor has been in Government since 2001.

The current ACT Labor Platform notes that the objective of the party is social justice and the pursuit of a fair, just and equitable society.
Dhanam (2008 film)
Dhanam (Tamil: தனம்) is a 2008 Tamil-language drama film written and directed by G. Shiva. The film stars Sangeetha and Prem, while Kota Srinivasa Rao, Ashish Vidyarthi, Manobala, Karunas, and Girish Karnad play supporting roles. The film's score and soundtrack are composed by Ilayaraja. The film is the last project Sangeetha completed before her marriage.

Karunas
Karunas (born as Karunanidhi Sethu; February 21, 1970) is an Indian actor, comedian, composer, playback singer and politician in the Tamil film industry. Appearing mostly in supporting roles, he has also played main lead roles in films including Dindigul Sarathy (2008) and Ambasamudram Ambani (2008). Apart from acting, Karunas has also been credited in films as a producer, music composer and singer, while he continues to serve as the Vice-President of the Nadigar Sangam, a trade union for actors, after being elected in October 2015.
Phantom (2002 film)
Phantom (theatrical release name: Phantom Pailey) is a 2002 Malayalam action drama film directed by Biju Varkey. It stars Mammootty in the title role, and Manivannan, Manoj K. Jayan, Innocent, Nishanth Sagar, Nedumudi Venu and Lalu Alex in other pivotal roles.

Nedumudi Venu
Kesavan Venugopal (22 May 1948 – 11 October 2021), better known by his stage name Nedumudi Venu, was an Indian actor and screenwriter from Kerala, who predominantly worked in Malayalam cinema. He acted in more than 500 films, primarily in Malayalam and also in Tamil, in a career spanning nearly five decades. He wrote screenplays and directed one film. Nedumudi Venu won three National Film Awards, three Filmfare Award South and six Kerala State Film Awards for his performances in various movies.
Kim Christensen
Kim Christensen is the name of:

Kim Christensen (footballer, born 1979), Danish football goalkeeper

Kim Christensen (footballer, born 1980), Danish football striker

Kim Christensen (sailor), Danish sailor

Kim Christensen (shot putter), Danish shot putter

Kim Christensen (musician), Swedish drone ambient musician

Kim Christensen (journalist) (1952–2024), U.S. journalist, two-time Pulitzer Prize winner

Kim Christensen (footballer, born 1980)
Kim Christensen (born 8 May 1980) is a Danish football coach and former professional player. He manages Frederiksværk FK.

Christensen scored a single goal in nine games for the Denmark under-21 national football team from 2000 to 2001.
Rydzewo, Ełk County
Rydzewo [rɨˈd͡zɛvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ełk, within Ełk County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 13 km (8 mi) north of Ełk and 123 km (76 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Ełk County
Ełk County (Polish: powiat ełcki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in the Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Ełk, which lies 123 kilometres (76 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The county covers an area of 1,111.87 square kilometres (429.3 sq mi). As of 2019, Ełk County's total population was 91,446, with the town of Ełk having a population of 62,006.
Bill Griggs
William Middleton Griggs, AM, ASM is a retired Australian Critical Care physician specialising in Major trauma, Disaster response, and Pre-hospital emergency medicine.

In 2006 Griggs became a Member of the Order of Australia for "service to medicine, particularly through trauma, emergency and care management and education, and critical care and retrieval and in support of the Australian Defence Force."

Griggs is one of the founding members of the Australasian Trauma Society and was president from 2001 to 2003. Griggs is the author of more than 75 publications and was described by Governor Hieu Van Le as "The face of trauma care and retrieval medicine in South Australia".

Griggs is currently a non-executive director of Super SA (since 2009), Return to Work SA (since 2013) and Funds SA (since 2018).

Hieu Van Le
Hieu Van Le, AC (Vietnamese: Lê Văn Hiếu; born 1 January 1954) is an Australian politician who served as the 35th governor of South Australia, in office from 1 September 2014 to 31 August 2021. He served as the state's lieutenant-governor from 2007 to 2014. He also served as chair of the South Australian Multicultural and Ethnic Affairs Commission (SAMEAC) from 2006 to 2009. Le is the first person of East Asian heritage to be appointed a state governor in Australia, and first person of Vietnamese background to be appointed to a vice-regal position anywhere in the world.
Ohio State Route 348
State Route 348 (SR 348) is an east–west state highway in the south central portion of the U.S. state of Ohio.  Its western terminus is at State Route 125 approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) east of West Union, and its eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 23 just north of Lucasville – this is also the western terminus of State Route 728.

West Union, Ohio
West Union is a village in Tiffin and Liberty townships, Adams County, Ohio, United States, about 55 miles (89 km) southeast of Cincinnati. The population was 3,004 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Adams County. West Union is served by West Union High School, the Adams County/Ohio Valley School District, and the West Union Public Library, a branch of the Adams County Public Library.
Used note
A used note is a banknote that has been in circulation (as opposed to a freshly printed, uncirculated banknote). Blackmailers and people demanding ransoms are often heard in movies to ask for a sum of money "in used notes". Used banknotes are preferred by criminals because they are more difficult to trace. Blocks of new banknotes will be in sequentially numbered order.

Used bank notes, due to their being in circulation for however long, are eventually processed by high speed automatic machines which check the quality of the note. In some cases, the note is destroyed and the original entity from which it came from receives a new note or equivalent value check.

Ransom
Ransom refers to the practice of holding a prisoner or item to extort money or property to secure their release. It also refers to the sum of money paid by the other party to secure a captive's freedom.

When ransom means "payment", the word comes via Old French rançon from Latin redemptio, 'buying back'; compare "redemption".
Tom Gorence
Thomas John Gorence (born March 11, 1957) is an American former professional ice hockey right winger who played six seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Philadelphia Flyers and Edmonton Oilers. He featured in the 1980 Stanley Cup Finals with the Flyers.

1980 Stanley Cup Final
The 1980 Stanley Cup Final was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 1979–80 season, and the culmination of the 1980 Stanley Cup playoffs. It was contested by the New York Islanders in their first-ever Finals appearance and the Philadelphia Flyers, in their fourth Finals appearance, and first since 1976. The Islanders would win the best-of-seven series, four games to two, to win their first Stanley Cup championship and the third for a post-1967 expansion team after Philadelphia's Cup wins in 1974 and 1975.