hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts
Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts refer to a series of military engagements between Morocco and Portugal throughout history from 1415 to 1769.

The first military conflict, in 21 August 1415, took the form of a surprise assault on Ceuta by 45,000 Portuguese soldiers who traveled on 200 ships. It was later followed by the Siege of Ceuta in 1419. These events marked the beginning of the decline of the Marinid Sultanate and the start of the Portuguese Empire.

The major battle, Battle of Alcácer Quibir, fought at Ksar-el-Kebir on 4 August 1578, was a catalyst for the 1580 Portuguese succession crisis. This resulted in a dynastic union between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Kingdom of Spain.

The conflicts ended when Portugal lost Mazagan (El Jadida) in 1769 to the 'Alawite Sultan Mohammed ben Abdallah.

Asilah
Asilah (Arabic: أصيلة, romanized: aṣīlah) is a fortified town on the northwest tip of the Atlantic coast of Morocco, about 31 km (19 mi) south of Tangier. Its ramparts and gateworks remain fully intact.
Alex Chidiac
Alexandra Carla Chidiac (Levantine Arabic: [ʃiˈdjaːk] chi-DEE-yak; born 15 January 1999) is an Australian professional soccer player who plays as a midfielder for Serie A Femminile club Como and the Australia national team.

Serie A Femminile
The Serie A (Italian pronunciation: [ˈsɛːrje ˈa]), also known as the Serie A Women Athora for sponsorship reasons, is the highest league of women's football in Italy. Established in 1968, it has been run by the Italian Football Federation (FIGC) since the 2018–19 season, and currently features 12 teams.

The most successful club in the league's history is Torres, who have won seven times. The current Serie A champions are Juventus who have won their sixth title. As of the 2022–23 edition, the Serie A is ranked fifth in the UEFA women's coefficient, and the top three teams qualify for the UEFA Women's Champions League.

The Serie A became fully-professional from the 2022–23 season, removing the salary cap and allowing teams to pay their players a higher wage. Women's footballers became the first female athletes in Italy to be fully professional. The number of teams also decreased from 12 to 10, though re-increased to 12 teams in the 2025–26 season.
Ljubojević
Ljubojević (Serbian Cyrillic: Љубojeвић, pronounced [ʎubǒːjeʋitɕ]) is a Serbo-Croatian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Darko Ljubojević (born 1975), retired Bosnian Serb footballer

Divna Ljubojević (born 1970), Serbian singer

Goran Ljubojević (born 1983), retired Croatian footballer

Ljubomir Ljubojević (born 1950), Serbian Grandmaster of chess

Petar Ljubojević, Austrian captain of the Varaždin Generalate

Divna Ljubojević
Divna Ljubojević (Serbian: Дивна Љубојевић), sometimes called by just her first name,  Divna, is a Serbian singer and conductor of Orthodox Christian sacred music in various languages. She is the conductor and artistic director of the Melodi ensemble (Serbian: Мелоди, "(the) Melodists"), a "choir and studio for spiritual music". which she founded with a group of her friends.

Lykourgos Angelopoulos, professor at the School of Byzantine Chant at the Conservatory of Athens, and the founder and director of the Greek Byzantine Choir, has described her as having one of the purest voices he has ever heard.
Msenge Emoyeni Wind Power Station
The Msenge Emoyeni Wind Power Station is an operational 69 MW (93,000 hp) wind power plant in South Africa. The power station was developed by a consortium of international IPPs and financiers. Commercial operations started in October 2024. The energy generated at this wind farm is sold to Sasol, the South African energy conglomerate, under a long-term power purchase agreement (PPA). The power is transmitted ("wheeled") through the transmission network of Eskom, to Sasol's premises in Sasolburg,  Free State.

Sasol
Sasol Limited, commonly referred to as Sasol, is an integrated energy and chemical company based in Sandton, South Africa.

The company was formed in 1950 in Sasolburg, South Africa, and built around coal liquefaction processes that German chemists and engineers first developed in the early 1900s. Today, Sasol develops and commercializes technologies, including synthetic fuel technologies, and produces different liquid fuels, chemicals, coal tar, and electricity.

Sasol is listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE: SOL) and the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE: SSL). Major shareholders include the South African Government Employees Pension Fund, Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa Limited (IDC), Allan Gray Investment Counsel, Coronation Fund Managers, Ninety One, and others.

Sasol employs over 27,000 people worldwide and has operations in 33 countries. It is the largest corporate taxpayer in South Africa, and the seventh-largest coal mining company in the world.
Naryn Airport
Naryn Airport (Kyrgyz: Нарын аэропорту, Russian: Нарынский аэропорт) (IATA: none (НЫН), ICAO: UCFN) is an airport serving Naryn, the capital of Naryn Province (oblast) of Kyrgyzstan. The Russian IATA code for Naryn Airport is НЫН.

Naryn
Naryn (/nəˈrɪn/ nə-RIN; Kyrgyz: Нарын [nɑˈɾɯn]ⓘ) is the regional administrative center of Naryn Region in central Kyrgyzstan. Its area is 84 square kilometres (32 sq mi), and its estimated population was 41,178 as of January 2021. The town was established as a fortress on the caravan route in 1868. It is situated on both banks of the river Naryn (one of the main headwaters of the Syr Darya), which cuts a picturesque gorge through the town. The city has two regional museums and some hotels, but is otherwise residential.
(523727) 2014 NW65
(523727) 2014 NW65 (provisional designation 2014 NW65) is a large centaur from the outer Solar System, approximately 220 kilometers (140 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 14 July 2010 by astronomers with the Pan-STARRS-1 survey at Haleakala Observatory, Hawaii, in the United States. The minor planet was numbered in 2018 and has not been named.

Haleakalā Observatory
The Haleakalā Observatory, also known as the Haleakalā High Altitude Observatory Site, is Hawaii's first astronomical research observatory. It is located on the island of Maui and is owned by the Institute for Astronomy of the University of Hawaiʻi, which operates some of the facilities on the site and leases portions to other organizations. Tenants include the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network (LCOGTN). At over 3,050 meters (10,010 ft) in elevation, the summit of Haleakalā is above one third of the Earth's troposphere and has excellent astronomical seeing conditions.
Dodecahedrane
Dodecahedrane is a chemical compound, a hydrocarbon with formula C20H20, whose carbon atoms are arranged as the vertices (corners) of a regular dodecahedron.  Each carbon is bound to three neighbouring carbon atoms and to a hydrogen atom. This compound is one of the three possible Platonic hydrocarbons, the other two being cubane and tetrahedrane.

Dodecahedrane does not occur in nature and has no significant uses. It was synthesized by Leo Paquette in 1982, primarily for the "aesthetically pleasing symmetry of the dodecahedral framework".

For many years, dodecahedrane was the simplest real carbon-based molecule with full icosahedral symmetry. Buckminsterfullerene (C60), discovered in 1985, also has the same symmetry, but has three times as many carbons and 50% more atoms overall. The synthesis of the C20 fullerene C20 in 2000, from brominated dodecahedrane, may have demoted C20H20 to second place.

Buckminsterfullerene
Buckminsterfullerene is a type of fullerene with the formula C60. It has a cage-like fused-ring structure (truncated icosahedron) made of twenty hexagons and twelve pentagons, and resembles a football. Each of its 60 carbon atoms is bonded to its three neighbors.

Buckminsterfullerene is a black solid that dissolves in hydrocarbon solvents to produce a purple solution. The substance was discovered in 1985 and has received intense study, although few real world applications have been found.

Molecules of buckminsterfullerene (or of fullerenes in general) are commonly nicknamed buckyballs.
Kevin Quinn (Jesuit)
Kevin P. Quinn, S.J., (born on 23 December 1955) is an American Jesuit, lawyer and law professor. On July 1, 2011, Quinn became President of the University of Scranton, Scranton, Pennsylvania. The announcement was made in the university's Brennan Hall on December 15, 2010, that he was to be the 25th President of the University.  He succeeded Rev. Scott Pilarz, S.J., who left Scranton to become the President of Marquette University. Father Quinn's official inauguration took place on September 16, 2011, at the University of Scranton's William J. Byron, S.J., Recreation Complex.

Bioethics
Bioethics is both a field of study and professional practice, interested in ethical issues related to health (primarily focused on the human, but also increasingly includes animal ethics), including those emerging from advances in biology, medicine, and technologies. It proposes the discussion about moral discernment in society (what decisions are "good" or "bad" and why) and it is often related to medical policy and practice, but also to broader questions as environment, well-being and public health. Bioethics is concerned with the ethical questions that arise in the relationships among life sciences, biotechnology, medicine, politics, law, theology and philosophy. It includes the study of values relating to primary care, other branches of medicine ("the ethics of the ordinary"), ethical education in science, animal, and environmental ethics, and public health.
Jacob A. Westervelt (pilot boat)
Jacob A. Westervelt was a 19th-century Sandy Hook pilot boat designed by naval architect John W. Griffiths and built by Jacob A. Westervelt in 1853. She was one of the fastest pilot-boats in the fleet. In 1858, while attempting to board the British steamer Saxonia she was fatally run into and sank outside of Sandy Hook. The Edmund Blunt, was built to replace her.

Naval architecture
Naval architecture, or naval engineering, is an engineering discipline incorporating elements of mechanical, electrical, electronic, software and safety engineering as applied to the engineering design process, shipbuilding, maintenance, and operation of marine vessels and structures. Naval architecture involves basic and applied research, design, development, design evaluation (classification) and calculations during all stages of the life of a marine vehicle. Preliminary design of the vessel, its detailed design, construction, trials, operation and maintenance, launching and dry-docking are the main activities involved. Ship design calculations are also required for ships being modified (by means of conversion, rebuilding, modernization, or repair). Naval architecture also involves formulation of safety regulations and damage-control rules and the approval and certification of ship designs to meet statutory and non-statutory requirements.
Bold Ruler Stakes
The Bold Ruler Stakes  is a Grade III American Thoroughbred horse race for three-years-old and older run over a distance of seven furlongs run annually in late October Belmont Park in Elmont, New York. The event currently offers a purse of US$175,000.

Elmont, New York
Elmont is an unincorporated hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located in northwestern Hempstead in Nassau County, New York, United States, along its border with the borough of Queens in the City of New York. The population was 35,265 at the time of the 2020 census.

The hamlet is famous for Belmont Park which hosts the Belmont Stakes, the third leg of the prestigious Triple Crown of thoroughbred racing. Elmont is also home to UBS Arena, home of the NHL's New York Islanders.

Elmont has tried incorporating itself as a village multiple times, but has been unable to successfully do so.
Bill Mathews
William Henry Mathews (1919–2003) was a Canadian geologist, volcanologist, engineer, and professor. He is considered a pioneer in the study of subglacial eruptions and volcano-ice interactions in North America. Many of his publications continue to be regarded as classics in their field.

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research
Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (University of Colorado Boulder). It covers research on all aspects of Arctic, Antarctic, and alpine environments, including subarctic, subantarctic, subalpine, and paleoenvironments. Jack D. Ives founded the journal in 1969   as Arctic and Alpine Research and the name was expanded to include the Antarctic in 1999. The co-editors are Anne E. Jennings and Diane McKnight (University of Colorado Boulder).
1954 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1954 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 66th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round of the championship took place at the Cork Convention on 24 January 1954. The championship began on 28 March 1954 and ended on 26 September 1954.

Glen Rovers entered the championship as the defending champions.

On 26 September 1954, Glen Rovers won the championship following a 3–7 to 3–2 defeat of Blackrock in the final. This was their 15th championship title overall and their second title in succession.

Newtownshandrum GAA
Newtownshandrum GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in Newtownshandrum, County Cork, Ireland. The club is affiliated to the North Cork Board and is exclusively concerned with the game of hurling.
Arnon Rosenthal
Arnon Rosenthal (Hebrew: ארנון רוזנטל) is an Israeli-American neuroscientist, inventor, and biotechnology entrepreneur.

Rosenthal is an inventor and developer of the pain medicine tanezumab, the migraine medicine fremanezumab, the Alzehimer's drug ponezumab and the target for the basal cell carcinoma medicine vismodegib. Rosenthal founded the biotechnology companies Rinat Neuroscience Corporation in 2001 (acquired by Pfizer in 2006); Annexon, which develops anti-complement medicines for autoimmune neuropathies and degenerative eye diseases, in 2011; and Alector, which develops innate immune (neuroimmunology) drugs for dementia and neurodegeneration, in 2013.

Fremanezumab
Fremanezumab, sold under the brand name Ajovy, is a medication used to prevent migraines. It is given by subcutaneous injection (injection under the skin).

The most common side effect is pain and redness at the site of injection. Other side effects include allergic reactions. It is a calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonist.

It was approved for medical use in the United States in 2018, the European Union in 2019, the United Kingdom in 2020, and Argentina by September 2021.
Nana (album)
Nana is the self-titled debut studio album by German rapper Nana. It was released on May 19, 1997. It was certified Gold by the German Bundesverband Musikindustrie and Swiss Hitparade. The album consists of eleven tracks and spawned four singles: "Darkman", "Let It Rain" (featuring Saskia Mireille Oldenstam), "He's Comin'" and "Lonely". The album's design was made by Katja Stier.

The album is dedicated to Nana's deceased mother Angela Adu-Adjei, who died of brain cancer.

Swiss Hitparade
The Swiss Hitparade (German: Schweizer Hitparade) is Switzerland's main music sales charts. The charts are a record of the highest-selling singles and albums in various genres in Switzerland.

The Swiss charts include:

Singles Top 75 (released since 1968)

Singles Top 100

Albums Top 100 (released since late 1983)

Compilations Top 20

Airplay Top 30

Streaming Top 100

Swiss Artist Singles Top 10

Swiss Artist Albums Top 10

Vinyl Albums Top 10

Rock Albums Top 5

Pop Albums Top 5

Hip Hop Albums Top 5

Since 2010, Hitparade's compiler Media Control has also set up Les Charts, a record chart of the highest-selling singles and albums in Romandie, the Francophone region of Switzerland:

Romandie Singles Top 20 (discontinued)

Romandie Albums Top 50

The charts are updated weekly on Sundays, and are posted publicly on the preceding Wednesday mornings.
Goniographa naumanni
Goniographa naumanni is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is confined to the Hissar Mountains, the western Pamirs (Shugnan Range, Chorog) and the north-eastern territories of Afghanistan (Badakhshan, Kadaghan and the Darwaz Mountains).

The wingspan is 32–37 mm.

Darvoz Range
The Darvoz Range or Darvaz Range (Tajik: Қаторкӯҳи Дарвоз, Russian: Дарва́зский хребе́т) is a mountain range in the Western Pamirs, in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region of Tajikistan. Its name derives from the historical region of Darvaz.
Mamuka Magrakvelidze
Mamuka Magrakvelidze (born 12 August 1977) is a Georgian rugby union player, currently playing in the French professional Pro D2, for the Tarbes Pyrénées Rugby club. He previously played for other French clubs, the Montpellier Hérault RC and the Racing Metro 92 Paris.

Magrakvelidze is also an international player for the Georgia national team. He played for Georgia at the 2007 Rugby World Cup in France.

Montpellier Hérault Rugby
Montpellier Hérault Rugby (MHR) (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃pɛlje eʁo ʁyɡbi klœb, -pəl-]; Occitan: Montpelhièr Erau Rugbi Club) is a French professional rugby union club, based in Montpellier, Occitanie and named after the Hérault department. The club competes in the top level of the French league system, the Top 14. They originally played at Stade Sabathé (capacity 5,000) but moved in 2007 to the Stade Yves-du-Manoir, later known as Altrad Stadium, and since renamed the GGL Stadium. They wear white and blue.
Ernest Higgins
Ernest Henry Higgins (19 October 1871 – 28 November 1945) was an Australian cinematographer during the days of silent film. He was the eldest brother of Arthur and Tasman Higgins. He shot the film The Throwback (1920) for director Arthur Shirley which resulted in Shirley unsuccessfully suing Higgins for breach of contract.

The Burns-Johnson Fight
The Burns-Johnson Fight (or Burns-Johnson Contest) is a 1908 documentary film of the boxing fight between Tommy Burns and Jack Johnson at Sydney Stadium, Rushcutters Bay, on 26 December 1908 for the World Heavyweight Championship title, which Johnson won. It was produced by Cosens Spencer at the behest of the fight's promoter Hugh D. McIntosh.

Some footage from the film survives today, chiefly of that showing some of the middle rounds of the 14-round fight.
Chonsong Tangwang Line
The Ch'ŏnsŏng T'an'gwang Line, or Ch'ŏnsŏng Colliery Line is an electrified standard-gauge freight-only secondary line of the Korean State Railway in South P'yŏngan Province, North Korea, running from Sinch'ang on the P'yŏngra Line to Ch'ŏnsŏng.

South Pyongan Province
South Pyongan Province (Korean: 평안남도; MR: Phyŏngannamdo; IPA: [pʰjʌŋanːamdo]) is a province of North Korea. The province was formed in 1896 from the southern half of the former Pyongan Province, remained a province of Korea until 1945, then became a province of North Korea. Its capital is Pyongsong.
Charles Winmill
Charles Canning Winmill FRIBA (14 January 1865 – 11 January 1945) was an English architect working in the Arts and Crafts style during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He spent much of his career in the London County Council's architects' department, before retiring early to focus on private work. He was a long-term active member of the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings, from 1898 onwards. He joined the Art Workers' Guild in 1917, served on the committee from 1927 to 1929, and helped to organise meetings and trips. He became a Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects in the late 1920s.

Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings
The Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings (SPAB) (also known as Anti-Scrape) is an amenity society founded by William Morris, Philip Webb, and others in 1877 to oppose the destructive 'restoration' of ancient buildings occurring in Victorian England. "Ancient" is used here in the wider sense rather than the more usual modern sense of "pre-medieval."
Braitling
Braitling is a suburb of the town of Alice Springs in the Northern Territory, Australia. It is on the traditional Country of the Arrernte people.

The suburb is named after Bill and Doreen Braitling, who established Mount Doreen Station in 1930.

Doreen Braitling
Doreen Rose Braitling (nee Crook) (1904 – 5 February 1979) was a pioneering pastoralist and heritage advocate of Central Australia. After moving from Mount Doreen Station to Alice Springs in 1959, Braitling became involved in the preservation of the town's historic buildings through the National Trust of the Northern Territory Inc. She was often called upon to give talks on the history of Central Australia, which were broadcast on radio. She was also known for writing stories and poetry.
Chrétien-Louis-Joseph de Guignes
Chrétien-Louis-Joseph de Guignes (French pronunciation: [kʁesjɛ̃ lwi ʒozɛf də ɡiɲ]; 1759–1845) was a French merchant-trader, ambassador and scholar, born in Paris. He was the son of French academician and sinologue, Joseph de Guignes.  He learned Chinese from his father, and then traveled to China where he stayed for the next 17 years and returned to France in 1801.

Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca)
Mandarin (traditional Chinese: 官話; simplified Chinese: 官话; pinyin: Guānhuà; lit. 'official speech') was the common spoken language of administration of the Chinese empire during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It arose as a practical measure, due to the mutual unintelligibility of the varieties of Chinese spoken in different parts of China. Knowledge of this language was thus essential for an official career, but it was never formally defined. The language was a koiné based on Mandarin dialects. The southern variant spoken around Nanjing was prevalent in the late Ming and early Qing eras, but a form based on the Beijing dialect became dominant by the mid-19th century and developed into Standard Chinese in the 20th century. In some 19th-century works, it was called the court dialect.
2024 Eastbourne International – Men's singles
Taylor Fritz defeated Max Purcell in the final, 6–4, 6–3 to win the singles tennis title at the 2024 Eastbourne International. It was Fritz's third Eastbourne International title.

Francisco Cerúndolo was the defending champion, but lost in the first round to Marcos Giron.

Shang Juncheng
Shang Juncheng (Chinese: 商竣程, also known as Jerry Shang; born 2 February 2005) is a Chinese professional tennis player. He reached a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 47 on 21 October 2024. He is currently the No. 4 singles player from China. In July 2021, he reached No. 1 in the ITF junior rankings.
Rancho El Sobrante
Rancho El Sobrante  was a  20,565-acre (83.22 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Contra Costa County, California given in 1841  by Governor Juan Alvarado to Juan Jose Castro and Victor Castro. The name refers to a "surplus" in Spanish—the grant's boundaries were determined by the boundaries of the surrounding grants: San Antonio,  San Pablo,  El Pinole,  La Boca de la Cañada del Pinole, Acalanes, and La Laguna de los Palos Colorados. This grant included the area between present day El Sobrante and Orinda.

Juan Bautista Alvarado
Juan Bautista Valentín Alvarado y Vallejo (February 14, 1809 – July 13, 1882) usually known as Juan Bautista Alvarado, was a Californio politician who served as governor of Alta California from 1837 to 1842. Prior to his term as governor, Alvarado briefly led a movement for independence of Alta California from 1836 to 1837, in which he successfully deposed interim governor Nicolás Gutiérrez, declared independence, and created a new flag and constitution, before negotiating an agreement with the Mexican government resulting in his recognition as governor and the end of the independence movement.