hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pristimantis aaptus
Pristimantis aaptus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to the Amazon basin in Peru (Loreto Region) and Colombia (Amazonas Department). This species is rated "Least Concern" by the IUCN: although it is an uncommon species, there are large areas of suitable habitat, and threats to it are at local scales only.

Strabomantidae
The Strabomantidae, sometimes called cloud forest landfrogs, are a family of frogs native to South America. These frogs lack a free-living larval stage and hatch directly into miniature "froglets". This family includes Pristimantis, the most speciose genus of any vertebrate. Based on molecular dating, the Holoadeninae in particular appears to have originated in the Eocene. The Oligocene-Miocene transition was also found to be important to their biogeographical history. However, the lack of Holoadeninae fossils and limited nucleotide data ambiguates the results, by the authors' admission.
Chilotilapia
Chilotilapia is a genus of freshwater fish in the cichlid family. It contains the sole species Chilotilapia rhoadesii, the Malawi bream, which is endemic to Lake Malawi in East Africa, where it prefers areas with muddy substrates from the shallows to quite deep waters.  Its primary food consists of Melanoides and Lanistes snails.  It can reach a length of 22.5 centimetres (8.9 in) TL.  Though commonly called a "bream", this is due to its looks as it is quite unrelated to the breams proper, which are cypriniform fishes.  This species is also found in the aquarium trade.

Lake Malawi
Lake Malawi, also known as Lake Nyasa in Tanzania and Lago Niassa in Mozambique, (Swahili: Ziwa Nyasa) is an African Great Lake and the southernmost lake in the East African Rift system, located between Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania.

It is the fourth largest freshwater lake in the world by volume, the ninth largest lake in the world by area and the third largest and second deepest lake in Africa. Lake Malawi is home to more species of fish than any other lake in the world, including at least 700 species of cichlids. The Mozambique portion of the lake was officially declared a reserve by the Government of Mozambique on June 10, 2011, while in Malawi a portion of the lake is included in Lake Malawi National Park.

Lake Malawi is a meromictic lake, meaning that its water layers do not mix. The permanent stratification of Lake Malawi's water and the oxic-anoxic boundary are maintained by moderately small chemical and thermal gradients.
William H. Gest
William Harrison Gest (January 7, 1838 – August 9, 1912) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois.

Born in Jacksonville, Illinois, Gest moved with his parents to Rock Island in 1842.
He was graduated from Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, in 1860.
He studied law.
He was admitted to the bar in 1862 and commenced practice in Rock Island, Illinois.

Gest was elected as a Republican to the Fiftieth and Fifty-first Congresses (March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1891).
He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1890 to the Fifty-second Congress.
Circuit judge of the fourteenth judicial district of Illinois from June 1897 until his death in Rock Island, Illinois, August 9, 1912.
He was interred in Chippiannock Cemetery.

Jacksonville, Illinois
Jacksonville is a city and the county seat of Morgan County, Illinois, United States. The population was 17,616 at the 2020 census, down from 19,446 in 2010. It is home to Illinois College, Illinois School for the Deaf, and the Illinois School for the Visually Impaired, and was formerly home to MacMurray College. Jacksonville is the principal city of the Jacksonville Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Morgan and Scott counties.
Brigidine College, Indooroopilly
Brigidine College is an independent Roman Catholic secondary day school for girls, located in the suburb of Indooroopilly less than 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from the centre of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was established in 1929 by the Congregation of the Sisters of Saint Brigid and continues in their tradition of Strength and Gentleness today.

It is affiliated with the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia (AHISA), the Alliance of Girls' Schools Australasia (AGSA), and the Catholic Secondary Schoolgirls' Sports Association(CaSSSA).

Catholic Secondary Schoolgirls' Sports Association
The Catholic Secondary Schoolgirls' Sports Association (CaSSSA) is a sporting association for girls from fourteen Catholic secondary schools based in south-east Queensland, Australia. Competition is offered to girls from Years 7 to 12.

The association was formed in 2014 as an amalgamation of the Catholic Secondary Girls' Schools Sports Association (CSGSSA, which organised Swimming, Athletics, and Cross country), the Catholic Schools Tennis Association (CSTA, founded in 1930) and the Brisbane School Girls Sports Association (BSGSA, founded in 1996 and organising other team sports).

The championships for Swimming, Cross Country, and Track and Field (Athletics) are split into two competitions. The larger schools (9 in total) compete for the CaSSSA Cup while the other schools (5 in total) compete for the CaSSSA Shield.
Cretalepisma
Cretalepisma is an extinct genus of wingless insect belonging to family Lepismatidae in the order Zygentoma (silverfish and allies). It contains one species, Cretalepisma kachinicum. Cretalepisma is known from a single female specimen, preserved in Cretaceous aged Burmese amber. The specimen has a total body length (including paracercum) of 9.7 millimeters, almost twice that of Burmalepisma (the only other Zygentoma known from the same deposits).

The genus name Cretalepisma is derived from the Latin Creta (chalk) as used in the name of the Cretaceous period, and from Lepisma. The species epithet kachinicum references Kachin, the northernmost state of Myanmar, where the Burmese amber mines are located.

Chalk
Chalk is a soft, white, porous, sedimentary carbonate rock. It is a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite and originally formed under the sea by the accumulation and lithification of hard parts of organisms, mostly microscopic plankton, which had settled to the sea floor. Chalk is common throughout Western Europe, where deposits underlie parts of France, and steep cliffs are often seen where they meet the sea in places such as the Dover cliffs on the Kent coast of the English Channel.

Chalk is mined for use in industry, such as for quicklime, bricks and builder's putty, and in agriculture, for raising pH in soils with high acidity. It is also used for "blackboard chalk" for writing and drawing on various types of surfaces, although these can also be manufactured from other carbonate-based minerals, or gypsum.
Lauren Beard
Lauren Beard is a British children's book illustrator best known for illustrating 'The Fairytale Hairdresser' series written by Abie Longstaff, published by Penguin Random House. She is from Manchester, England and graduated from Loughborough University in 2006.

Loughborough University
Loughborough University (abbreviated as Lough or Lboro for post-nominals) is a public research university in the market town of Loughborough, Leicestershire, England. It has been a university since 1966, but it dates back to 1909, when Loughborough Technical Institute was founded. In March 2013, the university announced it had bought the former broadcast centre at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park as a second campus. The annual income of the institution for 2024–25 was £386.2 million, of which £57.0 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £379.5 million. In 2024, Loughborough ranked ninth nationally for undergraduate education.
Anjobony
The Anjobony river in Sofia Region is located in northern Madagascar. It drains to the northern coast. Its main affluent is the Bemarivo (Sofia).  near Boriziny (Port Bergé).

It flows into the Sofia River.

Sofia Region
Sofia is a region in northern Madagascar. It is named for the Sofia River. It is the second largest Malagasy region (behind Atsimo-Andrefana) with an area of 50,100 km² (19,300 sq mi), and had a population of 1,500,227 in 2018. Antsohihy is the administrative capital.
In Praise of Dreams
In Praise of Dreams is an album by Jan Garbarek recorded over the last week of March and the first week of April in 2003 and released on ECM the following year. In 2005, it was nominated for the Grammy for Best Contemporary Jazz Album.

ECM Records
ECM (Edition of Contemporary Music) is an independent record label founded by Karl Egger, Manfred Eicher and Manfred Scheffner in Munich in 1969. While ECM is best known for jazz music, the label has released a variety of recordings, and ECM's artists often refuse to acknowledge boundaries between genres. ECM's motto is "the most beautiful sound next to silence", taken from a 1971 review of ECM releases in Coda, a Canadian jazz magazine.

ECM has been distributed in the U.S. by Warner Bros. Records, PolyGram Records, BMG, and, since 1999, Universal Music, the successor of PolyGram, worldwide. Its album covers were profiled in two books: Sleeves of Desire and Windfall Light, both published by Lars Müller.
Eamonn Healy
Eamonn Francis Healy (born 25 September 1958) is an Irish-American professor of chemistry, organic chemistry, and biochemistry at St. Edward's University in Austin, Texas, where his research focuses on the design of structure-activity probes to elucidate enzymatic activity. Targets include HIV-1 integrase, the c-Kit and src-abl proteins, and the metalloproteinases associated with  CXCL16 shedding.

He was born in Newcastle West, County Limerick, Ireland. He received a doctorate in chemistry in 1984 from the University of Texas at Austin where he was a student of Dr. Michael J. S. Dewar.  As a member of the Dewar research group he co-authored  Austin Model 1, or AM1, a semi-empirical method for the quantum calculation of molecular electronic structure in computational chemistry. He appears in Richard Linklater's 2001 film Waking Life explaining "telescopic" and technological evolution.  Dr. Healy is married to Shelley Bueche.

Computational chemistry
Computational chemistry is a branch of chemistry that uses computer simulations to assist in solving chemical problems. It uses methods of theoretical chemistry incorporated into computer programs to calculate the structures and properties of molecules, groups of molecules, and solids.  The importance of this subject stems from the fact that, with the exception of some relatively recent findings related to the hydrogen molecular ion (dihydrogen cation), achieving an accurate quantum mechanical depiction of chemical systems analytically, or in a closed form, is not feasible. The complexity inherent in the many-body problem exacerbates the challenge of providing detailed descriptions of quantum mechanical systems. While computational results normally complement information obtained by chemical experiments, it can occasionally predict unobserved chemical phenomena.
The New York Community Trust
The New York Community Trust (The Trust) is a major community foundation serving New York City’s five boroughs, Long Island, and Westchester County. It administers over 2,200 charitable funds, manages approximately US$3.5 billion in assets (2024), and makes about US$200 million in grants annually. Since its inception in 1924, the Trust has awarded more than US$5.8 billion to nonprofits. It is a 501(c)(3) public charity headquartered in Manhattan, with offices in Irvington and Commack, NY. It is led by its fourth president, Amy Freitag (appointed 2022).

Commack, New York
Commack (/ˈkoʊmæk/ KOH-mak) is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the towns of Huntington and Smithtown in Suffolk County, on Long Island, in New York. The CDP's population was 36,124 at the 2010 census.
Rygg
Rygg is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andreas Rygg (1909–1999), Norwegian military officer

Andreas Nilsen Rygg (1868–1951), Norwegian-American journalist, newspaper editor and author

Eli Rygg (born 1955), Norwegian television personality and children's writer

Joachim Rygg, Norwegian musician

Kristoffer Rygg (born 1976), Norwegian heavy-metal vocalist, musician and producer

Leif Rygg (1940–2018), Norwegian hardingfele fiddle player and folk music instructor

Nicolai Rygg (1872–1957), Norwegian economist

Leif Rygg
Leif Rygg (3 May 1940 – 4 February 2018) was a Norwegian hardingfele fiddle player and folk music instructor.

Rygg was born in Voss Municipality and learned traditional fiddle playing from Sigbjørn Bernhoft Osa, Lars Skjervheim and Anders Kjerland. His albums include Nøringen from 1980 (jointly with Knut Hamre), Bjølleslåtten from 1994, a collection of traditional tunes after Ola Mosafinn, in collaboration with Knut Buen and Kåre Nordstoga, and which was awarded Spellemannprisen, and Lengt from 1995.

He was named honorary member of the Norwegian National Association for Traditional Music and Dance in 1998, and received the King's Medal of Merit in gold in 2010.

He received the Rff award  from Rådet for folkemusikk og folkedans for 2010.

He died on 4 February 2018.
Millu Urqu
Millu Urqu Quechua millu salty, urqu mountain, "salty mountain", also spelled Millu Orkho) is a 4,701-metre-high (15,423 ft) mountain in the Andes of Bolivia. It is situated in the Potosí Department, Nor Lípez Province, Quemes Municipality. Millu Urqu lies southwest of Chakra Urqu and Kachi Unu and northwest of Chiwana.

Nor Lípez Province
Nor Lípez is a province in the Bolivian department of Potosí. Its seat is Colcha "K", also called Villa Martín. The majority of the area of the province was titled as the Nor Lípez Native Community Land on 19 April 2011. One of the largest mines of  Bolivia, the San Cristóbal Mine, is located near San Cristóbal in Colcha "K" municipality.
Weightlifting at the 1999 Pan American Games
This page shows the results of the Weightlifting Competition at the 1999 Pan American Games, held from July 23 to August 8, 1999, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. There were a total number of fifteen medal events, eight for men and seven for women.

1999 Pan American Games
The 1999 Pan American Games, officially the XIII Pan American Games (French: XIII Jeux panaméricains) or the 13th Pan American Games and commonly known as Winnipeg 1999, were a major international multi-sport event that was held from July 23 to August 8, 1999, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada and surrounding towns and cities. Canoeing competitions started the day before the games officially began. Approximately 5,000 athletes from 42 nations participated in the games to vie for a total of 330 medal events in 34 sports and 42 disciplines.

Financially, the 1999 games were a success, generating a surplus of $8.9 million through a combination of fiscal restraint and the contribution of nearly 20,000 volunteers.

The 1999 Pan American Games were the second Pan American Games hosted by Canada and Winnipeg. Previously, Winnipeg hosted the 1967 Pan American Games.
Stop block
A stop block is a simple reusable jig used in metalworking and woodworking to locate a common edge of a workpiece so that multiple workpieces can get the same operation performed quickly. Common applications are table saws and manual milling machines, but they are also used on miter saws, band saws, radial arm saws, and abrasive saws.

Stop blocks used in metalworking usually have a small rod that slides parallel to the vice jaws and can be tightened in a particular position. Stop blocks in woodworking are typically nothing more than wood blocks clamped to a rip fence or auxiliary fence so that a distance from the saw blade can be maintained between cuts.

Radial arm saw
A radial arm saw is a cutting machine consisting of a circular saw mounted on a sliding horizontal arm. Invented by Raymond DeWalt in 1922, the radial arm saw was the primary tool used for cutting long pieces of stock to length until the introduction of the power miter saw in the 1970s.

In addition to making length cuts, a radial arm saw may be configured with a dado blade to create cuts for dado, rabbet or half lap joints. In addition some radial arm saws allow the blade to be turned parallel to the fence, allowing a rip cut to be performed.
2014 Long Beach, California, mayoral election
Long Beach, California, held an election for mayor on April 8, 2014 and June 2, 2014. It saw the election of Robert Garcia.

In winning, Garcia became the first openly gay person to be elected Mayor of Long Beach. Garcia is a Democrat, but was elected without a party affiliation, as municipal elections in California are officially non-partisan.

Incumbent Bob Foster was term limited.

Bob Foster (politician)
Robert Foster (January 1, 1947 – November 30, 2025) was an American businessman and politician who served as the mayor of Long Beach, California. He was elected in a runoff election in 2006. Prior to serving as mayor, Foster climbed the ranks of Southern California Edison, becoming president in 2002.  Foster was appointed to the California State University Board of Trustees in 1998 by Governor Pete Wilson. He had previously worked for the California State Senate as a consultant on state energy policy.
Oncideres amputator
Oncideres amputator is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1792, originally under the genus Lamia. It is known from the Caribbean Islands. It feeds on Eucalyptus and Inga ingoides.

Johan Christian Fabricius
Johann Christian Fabricius (7 January 1745 – 3 March 1808) was a Danish zoologist, specialising in the "Insecta", which at that time included all arthropods: insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others. He was a student of Carl Linnaeus, and is considered one of the most important entomologists of the 18th century, having named nearly 10,000 species of animals, and established the basis for the modern insect classification.
Isidore Frégeau
Isidore Frégeau (December 9, 1833 – September 2, 1906) was a physician and political figure in Quebec. He represented Shefford in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1881 to 1886 as a Conservative.

He was born in Saint-Pie, the son of Jean-Baptiste Frégeau and Angélique Lemonde. He qualified to practise medicine in 1861 and practised in North Stukely, Lawrenceville, Waterloo and Sherbrooke. He was married twice: to Marie-Onésime-Caroline Tétro-Ducharme in 1862 and to Hermine Simoneau in 1887. Frégeau was mayor of North Stukely for 10 years. He died in Sherbrooke at the age of 72.

Waterloo, Quebec
Waterloo (2021 population 4,920) is a city in the Canadian province of Quebec. It is included in La Haute-Yamaska Regional County Municipality, in the administrative area of Estrie. Completely encircled by the township of Shefford, this residential city is located within the Eastern Townships, about ninety kilometres east of Montreal.
Frank Neese
Frank Günther Neese is a German theoretical chemist at the Max Planck Institute for Coal Research. He is the author of more than 440 scientific articles in journals of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics. His work focuses on the theory of magnetic spectroscopies (electron paramagnetic resonance, magnetic circular dichroism) and their experimental and theoretical application, local pair natural orbital correlation theories, spectroscopy oriented configuration interaction, electronic and geometric structure and reactivity of transition metal complexes and metalloenzymes. He is lead author of the ORCA quantum chemistry computer program. His methods have been applied to a range of problems in coordination chemistry, homogeneous catalysis, and bioinorganic chemistry.

Magnetic circular dichroism
Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) is the differential absorption of left and right circularly polarized (LCP and RCP) light, induced in a sample by a strong magnetic field oriented parallel to the direction of light propagation. MCD measurements can detect transitions which are too weak to be seen in conventional optical absorption spectra, and it can be used to distinguish between overlapping transitions. Paramagnetic systems are common analytes, as their near-degenerate magnetic sublevels provide strong MCD intensity that varies with both field strength and sample temperature. The MCD signal also provides insight into the symmetry of the electronic levels of the studied systems, such as metal ion sites.
Trilogy Systems
Trilogy Systems Corporation was a computer systems company started in 1980. Originally called ACSYS, the company was founded by Gene Amdahl, his son Carl Amdahl and Clifford Madden. Flush with the success of his previous company, Amdahl Corporation, Gene Amdahl was able to raise $230 million for his new venture. Trilogy was the most well-funded start-up company up to that point in Silicon Valley history. It had corporate support from Groupe Bull, Digital Equipment Corporation, Unisys, Sperry Rand and others. The plan was to use extremely advanced semiconductor manufacturing techniques to build an IBM compatible mainframe computer that was both cheaper and more powerful than existing systems from IBM and Amdahl Corporation.

Unisys
Unisys Corporation is a technology company founded in 1986 and headquartered in Blue Bell, Pennsylvania. The company provides cloud, AI, digital workplace, logistics, and enterprise computing services.
Data administration
Data administration or data resource management is an organizational function working in the areas of information systems and computer science that plans, organizes, describes and controls data resources. Data resources are usually stored in databases under a database management system or other software such as electronic spreadsheets. In many smaller organizations, data administration is performed occasionally, or is a small component of the database administrator’s work.

In the context of information systems development, data administration ideally begins at system conception, ensuring there is a data dictionary to help maintain consistency, avoid redundancy, and model the database so as to make it logical and usable, by means of data modeling, including database normalization techniques.

Data modeling
Data modeling in software engineering is the process of creating a data model for an information system by applying certain formal techniques. It may be applied as part of broader Model-driven engineering (MDE) concept.
Nolan Heavenor
Nolan Heavenor (born June 30, 1982 in Victoria, British Columbia) is a former professional lacrosse transition player for the Calgary Roughnecks and Minnesota Swarm of the National Lacrosse League.  He was drafted 17th overall by the Minnesota Swarm in the 2005 NLL Entry Draft from Limestone College (NCAA Division II).  After playing his first season in 2006 for Minnesota, he was traded to the Calgary Roughnecks in exchange for a 2nd round (23rd overall) pick and 3rd round (31st overall) pick in the 2006 NLL Entry Draft.

Heavenor was part of three championship teams: 2009 NLL Champion's Cup with the Roughnecks, 2005 Western Lacrosse Association Mann Cup with the Victoria Shamrocks and the 2002 NCAA Division II Championship with Limestone College.

Western Lacrosse Association
The Western Lacrosse Association (WLA) is a men's Senior A box lacrosse league with seven teams in British Columbia. The playoff championship team each season advances to the play against the Major Series Lacrosse champions for the Mann Cup. The championship is hosted alternately between Ontario and British Columbia each year.
Trường Sơn Cemetery
The Trường Sơn Martyrs' Cemetery (Nghĩa trang liệt sĩ Trường Sơn "Long Mountains martyrs' cemetery") is a military cemetery in Vietnam. It is located on Highway 15 near the village of Ben Tat, northwest of Dong Ha. It contains the graves of PAVN soldiers killed on the 17th parallel north (Bến Hải River) DMZ and on the Trường Sơn "Long Mountain" Annamite Range Trail (known in the West as the "Ho Chi Minh Trail").

Annamite Range
The Annamite Range (Lao: ພູ ຫລວງ, romanized: Phū Lūang; Vietnamese: Dãy Trường Sơn, IPA: [zǎˀj ʈʂɯə̀n ʂɤ̄n]) is a major mountain range of Mainland Southeast Asia, extending approximately 1,100 km (680 mi) through Laos, Vietnam, and a small area in northeast Cambodia.