hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Skorokhod integral
In mathematics, the Skorokhod integral, also named Hitsuda–Skorokhod integral, often denoted , is an operator of great importance in the theory of stochastic processes.  It is named after the Ukrainian mathematician Anatoliy Skorokhod and Japanese mathematician Masuyuki Hitsuda.  Part of its importance is that it unifies several concepts:

is an extension of the Itô integral to non-adapted processes;

is the adjoint of the Malliavin derivative, which is fundamental to the stochastic calculus of variations (Malliavin calculus);

is an infinite-dimensional generalization of the divergence operator from classical vector calculus.

The integral was introduced by Hitsuda in 1972 and by Skorokhod in 1975.

Divergence
In vector calculus, divergence is a vector operator that operates on a vector field, producing a scalar field giving the rate that the vector field alters the volume in an infinitesimal neighborhood of each point. (In 2D this "volume" refers to area.) More precisely, the divergence at a point is the rate that the flow of the vector field modifies a volume about the point in the limit, as a small volume shrinks down to the point.

As an example, consider air as it is heated or cooled. The velocity of the air at each point defines a vector field. While air is heated in a region, it expands in all directions, and thus the velocity field points outward from that region. The divergence of the velocity field in that region would thus have a positive value. While the air is cooled and thus contracting, the divergence of the velocity has a negative value.
2006 World Matchplay
The 2006 Stan James World Matchplay was the 13th staging of the World Matchplay darts tournament, organised by the Professional Darts Corporation. It was held at the Winter Gardens, Blackpool between 23 to 29 July 2006.

Phil Taylor won the title for the eighth time, by defeating James Wade 18–11 in the final.

Professional Darts Corporation
The Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) is a professional darts organisation in the United Kingdom, established in 1992 when a group of leading players split from the British Darts Organisation (BDO) to form what was initially called the World Darts Council (WDC). Sports promoter Eddie Hearn is the PDC chairman.

The PDC developed and holds several competitions, including the annual PDC World Darts Championship, the World Matchplay, World Grand Prix, UK Open, Premier League, and Grand Slam. It also runs its own world rankings based on players' performances.
Home improvement center
A home improvement center, home improvement store, or home center is a retail store that combines the functions of a hardware store with those of a lumber yard. Home improvement stores typically sell building supplies, tools, and lumber.

Building material
Building material is material used for construction. Many naturally occurring substances, such as clay, rocks, sand, wood, and even twigs and leaves, have been used to construct buildings and other structures, like bridges. Apart from naturally occurring materials, many human-made products are in use, some more and some less synthetic. The manufacturing of building materials is an established industry in many countries and the use of these materials is typically segmented into specific specialty trades, such as carpentry, insulation, plumbing, and roofing work. They provide the make-up of habitats and structures including homes.
John Tharp
John Joseph Tharp Jr. (born September 18, 1960) is an American lawyer who has served as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois since 2012. He also served as a judge of the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court from 2018 to 2025.

United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois
The United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (in case citations, N.D. Ill.)  is the federal trial court with jurisdiction over the northern counties of Illinois. It is one of the busiest federal trial courts in the United States, with famous cases including those of Al Capone and the Chicago Eight.

Appeals from the Northern District of Illinois are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

The United States attorney for the district, representing the United States in litigation in the court, is Andrew S. Boutros since April 7, 2025.
Seven Digital Deadly Sins
Seven Digital Deadly Sins is a 2014 web documentary, produced by the National Film Board of Canada (NFB) and The Guardian, which explores online behaviour according to the traditional seven deadly sins.  It features video confessions by such artists and celebrities as Newfoundland comedian Mary Walsh, Billy Bragg, novelist Gary Shteyngart, comic Josie Long, musician Bill Bailey and writer Jon Ronson. The interactive site also allows users to absolve or condemn various digital "sins" of the day. The site was created in collaboration with Jam3 and produced for the NFB by its Digital Studio in Vancouver, with Loc Dao as executive producer.

Seven Digital Deadly Sins received three People's Voice Awards, chosen by the public online, at the 2015 Webby Awards.

Gary Shteyngart
Gary Shteyngart (English: /ˈʃtaɪnɡɑːrt/ SHTYNE-gart; born Igor Semyonovich Shteyngart on July 5, 1972) is a Soviet-born American writer. He is the author of six novels (including The Russian Debutante's Handbook, Absurdistan, Super Sad True Love Story, Vera, or Faith), and a memoir. Much of his work is satirical.
Garcinia spicata
Garcinia spicata is a species of medium tree with 30 ft in the family Clusiaceae. It is native to India and Sri Lanka. The tree produces a fruit which is edible and has been described as being similar to durian in flavor. It is sometimes called garlic fruit or bitter garcinia. It is planted as an ornamental in sea spray areas.

Clusiaceae
The Clusiaceae or Guttiferae Juss. (1789) (nom. alt. et cons. = alternative and valid name) are a family of plants including 13 genera and ca 750 species. Several former members of Clusiaceae are now placed in Calophyllaceae and Hypericaceae. They are mostly trees and shrubs, with milky sap and fruits or capsules for seeds. The family is primarily tropical. More so than many plant families, it shows large variation in plant morphology (for example, three to 10 petals, which may be fused or unfused, and many other variable traits). According to the APG III, this family belongs to the order Malpighiales.

One feature sometimes found in this family, and rarely in others (e.g., Malpighiaceae), is providing pollinators with "pollination rewards" other than pollen or nectar; specifically, some species offer resin, which certain bees use in nest construction (each Clusiaceae species offers only one type of reward).
1987 Kerry Senior Football Championship
The 1987 Kerry Senior Football Championship was the 87th staging of the Kerry Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Kerry County Board in 1889.

Austin Stacks entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final replay was played on 4 October 1987 at Austin Stack Park in Tralee, between Kenmare and Dr. Crokes, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Kenmare won the match by 3-10 to 0-18 to claim their second championship title overall and a first title in 13 years.

Austin Stack Park
Austin Stack Park is a GAA stadium in Tralee, County Kerry, Ireland. It is one of the stadiums used by Kerry GAA's Gaelic football team and the stadium of the hurling team.

The ground was named after Austin Stack, an Irish revolutionary and captain of the All-Ireland winning Kerry Gaelic football team of 1904. It is located in the centre of Tralee. It hosts many Kerry GAA home games, mostly football league games and both league and championship hurling. The County Championship football and hurling finals are normally held here.
Wilkes T. Thrasher Bridge
The Wilkes T. Thrasher Bridge is a 4-lane road bridge located in Chattanooga, Tennessee. It opened in 1955 as a two lane road after much pressure from Wilkes T. Thrasher, a prominent Hamilton County Judge, to the Federal Government. In the 1980's, the bridge was widened to four lanes. Traffic was rerouted via the neighboring C.B. Robinson Bridge carrying State Route 319 (Du Pont Pkwy) and carries Tennessee State Route 153 over the Chickamauga Dam crossing the Tennessee River.

Tennessee River
The Tennessee River is a 652 mi (1,049 km) long river located in the southeastern United States. Flowing through the Tennessee Valley in the states of Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Kentucky, it begins at the confluence of French Broad and Holston rivers at Knoxville, and drains into the Ohio River near Paducah, Kentucky. It is the largest tributary of the Ohio, and drains a basin of 40,876 sq mi (105,870 km2).

Its tributary, the Little Tennessee River, flows into it from Western North Carolina and northeastern Georgia.
Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1937–1940)
The Provisional Government of the Republic of China was a puppet government of the Empire of Japan that existed in  China from 1937 to 1940 during the Second Sino-Japanese War. It had been formed largely on the initiative of Imperial Japanese Army commanders in north China, before securing approval from Japanese government authorities in Tokyo. Thus the Provisional Government had nominal authority in Japanese occupied zones in north China, while to the south the Central China Expeditionary Army established the Reformed Government of the Republic of China in 1938, which had authority in the Yangtze River area. Both essentially served as a local organ of the Japanese military authorities, due to the presence and extensive powers of Japanese advisors within the Provisional Government over native Chinese bureaucrats, and because it never made any attempt to secure international recognition, even from Japan.

Central China Expeditionary Army
Central China Expeditionary Army (中支那派遣軍, Nakashina Hakengun) was a field army of the Imperial Japanese Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

On November 7, 1937 Japanese Central China Area Army (CCAA) was organized as a reinforcement expeditionary army by combining the  Shanghai Expeditionary Army (SEF) and the IJA Tenth Army.  General Iwane Matsui was appointed as its commander-in-chief, concurrent with his assignment as commander-in-chief of the SEF.  Matsui reported directly to Imperial General Headquarters.  After the Battle of Nanjing, the CCAA was disbanded on February 14, 1938 and its component units were reassigned to the Central China Expeditionary Army.

On September 12, 1939 by Army Order 362, the China Expeditionary Army was formed with the merger of the Central China Expeditionary Army with the Northern China Area Army.
Kerry Downes
Kerry John Downes OBE FSA (8 December 1930 – 11 August 2019) was an English architectural historian whose speciality was English Baroque architecture. He was Professor of History of Art, University of Reading, 1978–91, then Emeritus.

English Baroque architecture
English Baroque is a term used to refer to modes of English architecture that paralleled Baroque architecture in continental Europe between the Great Fire of London (1666) and roughly 1720, when the flamboyant and dramatic qualities of Baroque art were abandoned in favour of the more chaste rule-based Neo-classical forms espoused by the proponents of Palladianism.

It is primarily embodied in the works of Christopher Wren, Nicholas Hawksmoor, John Vanbrugh, and James Gibbs, although a handful of lesser architects such as Thomas Archer also produced buildings of significance. In domestic architecture and interior decor, Baroque qualities can sometimes be seen in the late phase of the Restoration style, and the William and Mary style, the Queen Anne style, and early Georgian architecture are varieties of Baroque.
El Tepozteco
El Tepozteco is an archaeological site in the Mexican state of Morelos. It consists of a small temple to Tepoztēcatl, the Aztec god of the alcoholic beverage pulque.

In the middle Postclassic Period, various terraces and a small pyramid were built on one of the peaks of the Sierra de Tepoztlan, overlooking the pre-Columbian town of Tepoztlan. The temple became important enough to attract pilgrims from as far away as Guatemala, although the cult of Tepoztecatl was local to this site. The Sierra de Tepoztlan and the temple site are within El Tepozteco National Park.

Administrative divisions of Mexico
Mexico is a federal republic composed of 32 federative entities (Spanish: entidades federativas): 31 states and Mexico City. According to the Constitution of Mexico, the states of the federation are free and sovereign in all matters concerning their internal affairs. Since 2016, Mexico City has been a fully autonomous entity on par with the states. Each state federative entity has its own congress and constitution.
Shine on Rainy Day
Shine on Rainy Day is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Brent Cobb. It was released on October 7, 2016, via Low Country Sound/Elektra Records. Recording sessions took place at Low Country Sound Studios in Nashville. Production was handled by his cousin Dave Cobb.

The album peaked at number 17 on the Top Country Albums and number 16 on the Americana/Folk Albums charts in the United States. At the 60th Annual Grammy Awards, it received a Grammy Award for Best Americana Album nomination, but lost to Jason Isbell's The Nashville Sound.

Low Country Sound
Low Country Sound is a record label imprint of Elektra Records based in Nashville, Tennessee. It was founded in 2015 by music producer Dave Cobb who also runs it. Among the artists currently signed to Low Country Sound, some notable acts are Anderson East, Brent Cobb and Rival Sons.
Hewison Point
Hewison Point (59°27′32.5″S 27°17′54.6″W﻿ / ﻿59.459028°S 27.298500°W﻿ / -59.459028; -27.298500) is a point which forms the east side of Ferguson Bay and the southeast end of Thule Island, in the South Sandwich Islands. It was first charted by a Russian expedition under Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen in 1819–20. It was recharted in 1930 by Discovery Investigations personnel on the Discovery II who named it for Lieutenant Colonel Hewison of Ferguson Brothers, Port Glasgow, Scotland, builders of the Discovery II.

RRS Discovery II
RRS Discovery II was a British Royal Research Ship which, during her operational lifetime of about 30 years, carried out considerable hydrographical and marine biological survey work in Antarctic waters and the Southern Ocean in the course of the Discovery Investigations research program.  Built in Port Glasgow, launched in 1928 and completed in 1929, she was the first purpose-built oceanographic research vessel and was named after Robert Falcon Scott's 1901 ship, RRS Discovery.
Isaac of the Cells
Isaac of the Cells was an Egyptian Christian monk who lived during the 4th and 5th centuries in Nitria, Lower Egypt. He was one of the Desert Fathers.

He was a disciple of Cronius of Nitria and succeeded him in 395. However, later Archbishop Theophilus excommunicated him as an Origenist along with the Four Tall Brothers.

Origenism
Origenism refers to a set of beliefs attributed to the Christian theologian Origen of Alexandria. The main principles of Origenism include allegorical interpretation of scripture, pre-existence, and subordinationism. Origen's thought was influenced by Philo the Jew, Platonism and Clement of Alexandria.
Krolina
Krolina is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the Botomian stage, which lasted from approximately 524 to 518.5 million years ago. This faunal stage was part of the Cambrian Period.

Cambrian Stage 4
Cambrian Stage 4 is the still unnamed fourth stage of the Cambrian and the upper stage of Cambrian Series 2. It follows Cambrian Stage 3 and lies below the Wuliuan. The lower boundary has not been formally defined by the International Commission on Stratigraphy. One proposal is the first appearance of two trilobite genera, Olenellus or Redlichia. Another proposal is the first appearance of the trilobite species Arthricocephalus chauveaui. Both proposals will set the lower boundary close to 514.5 million years ago. The upper boundary corresponds to the beginning of the Wuliuan.
Missionary Servants of the Most Holy Trinity
The Missionary Servants of the Most Holy Trinity (also known as the Trinity Missionaries) is a religious congregation of men in the Catholic Church, whose headquarters is located in Silver Spring, Maryland. Its membership consists of brothers and ordained priests. Members engage in missionary work with the poor and abandoned in both the United States and Latin America. One of their principal aims is to promote the missionary vocation of the laity. They are also known for supporting parish ministry and for promoting social justice.

As of 2016 the Superior General was Michael K. Barth, S.T. The Missionary Servants of the Most Blessed Trinity is an affiliated women's congregation.

Silver Spring, Maryland
Silver Spring is a census-designated place (CDP) in southeastern Montgomery County, Maryland, United States, near Washington, D.C. Although officially unincorporated, it is an edge city with a population of 81,015 at the 2020 census, making it the fifth-most-populous place in Maryland after Baltimore, Columbia, Germantown, and Waldorf.

Downtown Silver Spring, located next to the northern tip of Washington, D.C., is the oldest and most urbanized area of Silver Spring, surrounded by several inner suburban residential neighborhoods inside the Capital Beltway. Many mixed-use developments combining retail, residential, and office space have been built since 2004.

Silver Spring takes its name from a mica-flecked spring discovered there in 1840 by Francis Preston Blair, who subsequently bought much of the area's surrounding land. Acorn Park, south of downtown, is believed to be the site of the original spring.
Martha (given name)
Martha is a feminine given name (Latin from Ancient Greek Μάρθα (Mártha), from Aramaic מרתא (Mārtā) "the mistress" or "the lady", from מרה "mistress", feminine of מרי "master"). Patti, Patsy, and Patty were in use in Colonial America as English rhyming diminutives of the diminutive Mattie. Molly has been used as a diminutive of Martha since the 18th century.

Variants in different languages:

Maata (Māori)

Марфа (Marfa) (Russian and Belarusian), formerly spelled "Марѳа" from the Greek version of the name, that the Russians assimilate in F

Márta (Hungarian)

Marta, Martha (Indonesian)

Marta (Catalan, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Estonian, Italian, Latvian, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish)

Марта (Marta) (Bulgarian, Macedonian, Ukrainian)

Marthe (French, German, Dutch)

Martta (Finnish)

Moireach (Scottish Gaelic)

Morta (Lithuanian)

Hypocorism
A hypocorism (/haɪˈpɒkərɪzəm/ hy-POK-ər-iz-əm or /ˌhaɪpəˈkɒrɪzəm/ HY-pə-KORR-iz-əm; from Ancient Greek ὑποκόρισμα hypokórisma; sometimes also hypocoristic), or pet name, is a name used to show affection for a person. It may be a diminutive form of a person's name, such as Izzy for Isabel or Bob for Robert, or it may be unrelated.
Galega officinalis
Galega officinalis, commonly known as galega or goat's-rue, is a herbaceous plant in the subfamily Faboideae of the legume family Fabaceae. It is native to parts of northern Africa, western Asia and Europe, but is widely cultivated and naturalised elsewhere. The plant has been extensively cultivated as a forage crop, an ornamental, a bee plant, and as green manure.

G. officinalis is rich in galegine, a substance with blood glucose-lowering activity and the foundation for the discovery of metformin, a treatment for managing symptoms of diabetes mellitus. In ancient herbalism, goat's-rue was used as a diuretic. It can be poisonous to mammals, but is a food for various insects.

Green manure
In agriculture, a green manure is a crop specifically cultivated to be incorporated into the soil while still green.  Typically, the green manure's biomass is incorporated with a plow or disk, as is often done with (brown) manure. The primary goal is to add organic matter to the soil for its benefits. Green manuring is often used with legume crops to add nitrogen to the soil for following crops, especially in organic farming, but is also used in conventional farming.
1924 Cork Intermediate Football Championship
The 1924 Cork Intermediate Football Championship was the 15th staging of the Cork Intermediate Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.

The final was played on 15 March 1925 at the Mardyke in Cork, between O'Donovan Rossa and Mallow, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. O'Donovan Rossa won the match by 1–04 to 0–00 to claim their first ever championship title.

Mardyke (UCC)
The Mardyke, also referred as the Mardyke Sports Ground, is the main sports campus of University College Cork (UCC), located at the western end of the Mardyke area near Cork city centre. The grounds and fitness facilities used by sports team representing, the general student body, and members of the public. Outdoors, there are floodlit grass and all-weather pitches, used for soccer, rugby union, Gaelic games, and hockey. Kayakers train in the adjacent North channel of the River Lee. There is a tartan track for athletics, where the Cork City Sports are held annually. The most notable performance came in the hammer throw on 3 July 1984, when the world record was broken six times in one evening by  Yuriy Sedykh and Sergey Litvinov.
John Donley
John Donley is a writer from Gould, Arkansas.

Donley wrote in many sitcoms including Sanford and Son, Good Times, The Jeffersons, Diff’rent Strokes, Benson and Who's the Boss. He won an NAACP Image Award for best situation comedy in 1984.
In 2019 he was inducted into the Arkansas Black Hall of Fame.

Sanford and Son
Sanford and Son is an American sitcom television series that was produced by Tandem Productions and aired on NBC from January 14, 1972, to March 25, 1977. It was based on the British sitcom Steptoe and Son, which initially aired on BBC1, in the United Kingdom, from 1962 to 1974.

Known for its racial humor, running gags, and catchphrases, the series was adapted by Norman Lear and considered NBC's response to CBS's All in the Family. Sanford and Son has been hailed as the precursor to many other Black American sitcoms. It was a hit through its six-season run, finishing in the Nielsen top ten five times.

The series follows Fred G. Sanford, known for his bigotry and cantankerousness, and Lamont Sanford, his long-suffering, conscientious, peacemaker son. Both characters are occasionally involved in get-rich-quick schemes to pay off their various debts.

The show also includes characters Aunt Esther, Grady Wilson, Bubba Bexley, Rollo Lawson, Donna Harris, and Julio Fuentes.
Roswell Artist-in-Residence Compound
The Roswell Artist-in-Residence Compound is a building located at 1404 West Berrendo Road in Roswell, New Mexico. It was the former building used for the Roswell Artist-in-Residence (RAiR) from 1967 too 2007, which hosted the artist studios.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in August 7, 2017.

Artist-in-residence
Artist-in-residence (also Writer-in-residence), or artist residencies, encompass a wide spectrum of artistic programs that involve a collaboration between artists and hosting organisations, institutions, or communities. They are programs that provide artists with space and resources to support their artistic practice. Contemporary artist residencies are becoming increasingly thematic, with artists working together with their host in pursuit of a specific outcome related to a particular theme.