hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vía Verde de la Sierra
The Vía Verde de la Sierra is a rail trail for tourist use (hiking, cycling and horse riding) comprising 38 km (24 mi) of mountainous landscape between Puerto Serrano and Olvera villages, provinces of Cádiz and Sevilla. It is part of Vías Verdes of Spain (Spanish national rail trail system).

The path goes along the riverside of Guadalete and Guadalporcún, around the nature reserve of Peñón de Zaframagón (where there is a large colony of griffon vultures) and the natural monument of Chaparro de la Vega.

The route uses a rail track between Jerez de la Frontera (Cádiz) and Almargen (Málaga) through the Cádiz mountains.

Province of Seville
The Province of Seville (Spanish: Sevilla) is a province of southern Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. It borders the provinces of Málaga and Cádiz in the south, Huelva in the west, Badajoz in the north and Córdoba in the east. Seville is the province's as well as the Andalusian autonomous community's capital.
Difference of Gaussians
In imaging science, difference of Gaussians (DoG) is a feature enhancement algorithm that involves the subtraction of one Gaussian blurred version of an original image from another, less blurred version of the original. In the simple case of grayscale images, the blurred images are obtained by convolving the original grayscale images with Gaussian kernels having differing width (standard deviations). Blurring an image using a Gaussian kernel suppresses only high-frequency spatial information. Subtracting one image from the other preserves spatial information that lies between the range of frequencies that are preserved in the two blurred images. Thus, the DoG is a spatial band-pass filter that attenuates frequencies in the original grayscale image that are far from the band center.

Spatial frequency
In mathematics, physics, and engineering, spatial frequency is a characteristic of any structure that is periodic across position in space. The spatial frequency is a measure of how often sinusoidal components (as determined by the Fourier transform) of the structure repeat per unit of distance.

The SI unit of spatial frequency is the reciprocal metre (m−1), although cycles per meter (c/m) is also common. In image-processing applications, spatial frequency is often expressed in units of cycles per millimeter (c/mm) or also line pairs per millimeter (LP/mm).

In wave propagation, the spatial frequency is also known as wavenumber. Ordinary wavenumber is defined as the reciprocal of wavelength  and is commonly denoted by  or sometimes :

Angular wavenumber , expressed in rad per metre (rad/m), is related to ordinary wavenumber and wavelength by
Assam Institute of Management
Assam Institute of Management was established in 1988 by the Government of Assam at Guwahati to promote professional management in North East India. It is run as a Government of Assam Society, the chief Secretary of the State being the chairperson of the Governing Body.

Government of Assam
The Government of Assam or Assam Government abbreviated as GoAS, is the state government of  the Indian state of Assam. It consists of the Governor appointed by the President of India as the head of the state, currently Lakshman Prasad Acharya. The head of government is the Chief Minister, currently Dr. Himanta Biswa Sarma, who is the leader of the group that commands a majority in the unicameral Assam Legislative Assembly. The Assam Assembly is elected by universal adult suffrage for a period of five years. The Chief Minister is assisted by a Council of Ministers that he nominates, the size of which is restricted.

In 2021, the National Democratic Alliance won a majority of seats in the legislature, with 75 seats, followed by Congress with 29 seats and AIUDF with 16.
CBV (chemotherapy)
CBV refers to Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide), BCNU (carmustine), and VP-16 (etoposide), three drugs in a chemotherapy regimen commonly given to lymphoma patients in conjunction with stem cell therapy.

CBV is usually given in high doses to patients who have relapsed or who have refractory disease and cannot benefit from standard chemotherapy.  Since a patient's bone marrow is virtually guaranteed not to survive a course of CBV, the receiving patient must receive a transplant (allogeneic or autologous, depending on his or her condition) of stem cells (formerly referred to as a bone marrow transplant) to replace the patient's own hemopoietic ("blood-forming") stem cells.

Etoposide
Etoposide, sold under the brand name Vepesid among others, is a chemotherapy medication used for the treatments of a number of types of cancer including testicular cancer, lung cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, neuroblastoma, and ovarian cancer. It is also used for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. It is used by mouth or injection into a vein.

Side effects are very common. They can include low blood cell counts, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, hair loss, and fever. Other severe side effects include allergic reactions and low blood pressure. Use during pregnancy will likely harm the fetus. Etoposide is in the topoisomerase inhibitor family of medication. It is believed to work by damaging DNA.

Etoposide was approved for medical use in the United States in 1983. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Joint Simulation Environment
Aviation portal

The Joint Simulation Environment is a joint effort of the United States Air Force and Navy to produce flight simulators that can provide the most realistic combat training possible for air crew, as well as to perform operational testing and to develop tactics.

The first JSE installation opened at Naval Air Station Patuxent River in Maryland in 2023; its second and third locations opened the following year at Edwards Air Force Base in California and Nellis AFB in Nevada. A fourth JSE installation is to open at Naval Air Station Fallon in Nevada in 2025, while a fifth is planned for Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson in Alaska. A smaller shipboard version is aboard the aircraft carrier Abraham Lincoln.

Nellis Air Force Base
Nellis Air Force Base ("Nellis" colloq.) is a United States Air Force installation in southern Nevada. Nellis hosts air combat exercises such as Exercise Red Flag and close air support exercises such as Green Flag-West flown in "Military Operations Area (MOA) airspace", associated with the nearby Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR).  The base also has the Combined Air and Space Operations Center-Nellis.
Lawrence Stager
Lawrence E. "Larry" Stager (January 5, 1943 – December 29, 2017) was an American archaeologist and academic, specialising in Syro-Palestinian archaeology and Biblical archaeology. He was the Dorot Professor of the Archaeology of Israel in the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations at Harvard University and was Director of the Harvard Semitic Museum. Beginning in 1985 he oversaw the excavations of the Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon, the Philistine port city.

Biblical archaeology
Biblical archaeology is an academic school and a subset of Biblical studies and Levantine archaeology. Biblical archaeology studies archaeological sites from the Ancient Near East and especially the Holy Land (also known as Land of Israel and Canaan), from biblical times.

The Hebrew Bible is the main source of information about the region of Palestine and mostly covers the Iron Age period. Therefore, archaeology can provide insights where biblical historiography is unable to. The comparative study of the biblical text and archaeological discoveries help understand Ancient Near Eastern people and cultures. Although both the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament are taken into account, the majority of the study centers around the former.

The term biblical archaeology is used by Israeli archaeologists for popular media or an English speaking audience, in reference to what is known in Hebrew as "Israeli archaeology", and to avoid using the term Palestinian archaeology.
Woodville (surname)
Woodville is an English surname. Notable people with this surname include the following:

The English noble family:

Elizabeth Woodville (c. 1437–1492), queen-consort of King Edward IV of England

Catherine Woodville, Duchess of Buckingham and Bedford, otherwise Katherine Wydeville (1458–1497), sister of Elizabeth

Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers (1405–1469), father of Elizabeth, Katherine, Anthony, and Richard (3rd earl)

Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers (c. 1440–1483), son of Richard Woodville (1st earl)

Richard Woodville, 3rd Earl Rivers (1453–1491), son of Richard Woodville (1st earl)

(see also Category:Woodville family)

Others:

William Woodville (1752–1805), British physician and botanist

Richard Caton Woodville (1825–1855), American painter

Richard Caton Woodville Jr. (1856–1927), English painter, son (posthumous) of Richard Caton Woodville

Katherine Woodville (actress) (1938–2013), British film and television actress

Richard Woodville, 3rd Earl Rivers
Richard Woodville, 3rd Earl Rivers (1453 – 6 March 1491) succeeded his brother, Anthony Woodville, as the third Earl Rivers. He was the son of Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers, and Jacquetta of Luxembourg. Richard was the brother of the English queen Elizabeth Woodville.
The Transformers: Hearts of Steel
The Transformers: Hearts of Steel is a comic book miniseries published by IDW Publishing. It was intended to be part of a comic book line titled The Transformers: Evolutions, following the same idea of DC Comics' Elseworlds series. Each series was to create an alternative reality: a continuity in a different time era during which the Transformers would exist. In other words, the Transformers can exist at places and at points in time that would not be possible in the current 'IDW-verse'. As of 2007, only the Hearts of Steel series was produced, which is set in the United States during the Industrial Revolution. The rest of the series was cancelled, likely due to poor sales and IDW had announced that there would be no more Evolutions series until after the 2007 movie, as Hasbro did not want to make things confusing with more alternate universe tales.

Parallel universes in fiction
A parallel universe, also known as an alternate universe, world, or dimension, is a plot device in fiction which uses the notion of a hypothetical universe co-existing with another, typically to enable alternative narrative possibilities. The sum of all potential parallel universes that constitute reality is often called the "multiverse".

The device serves several narrative purposes. Among them, parallel universes have been used to allow stories with elements that would ordinarily violate the laws of nature, to enable characters to meet and interact with alternative versions of themselves or others from their home universe, thus enabling further character development, and to serve as a starting point for speculative fiction, particularly alternate history.
Alice Renavand
Alice Renavand is a French ballet dancer. After joining the Paris Opera Ballet in 1997, she became a principal in 2012 and a star (danseuse étoile) in December 2013. Shortly afterwards, she was described as having "la beauté du diable" (the beauty of the devil) as Lizzie in Fall River Legend.

Principal dancer
A principal dancer (often shortened to principal) is a dancer at the highest rank within a professional dance company, particularly a ballet company. A principal may be of any gender and is usually the star of the ballet. The term is used mostly in ballet but can be used in other forms as well, such as modern dance. The term senior principal dancer is sometimes used as well.

The position is similar to that of soloist; however, principals regularly perform not only solos, but also pas de deux as well as headlining performances they participate in. Principal dancers can be hired into a dance company or can also be a company dancer that is a corps de ballet dancer that gets promoted from within the company. That process can take multiple performance seasons or even years to achieve based on skill level and company interest.
KLJ-7
The KLJ-7, also referred to as the Type 1478, is an X band airborne fire-control radar (FCR) developed by Nanjing Research Institute of Electronic Technology (NRIET), also known as the China Electronics Technology Company's (CETC's) No. 14 Research Institute. In December 2010, the Pakistan Air Force's Air Chief Marshal Rao Qamar Suleman announced that the KLJ-7 radar will be produced at the Pakistan Aeronautical Complex (PAC) in Kamra.

Kamra, Pakistan
Kamra (Urdu: کامرہ) is a town located in Attock District in the mountainous north of Punjab, Pakistan. The area is host to defence institutions such as the Pakistan Aeronautical Complex and PAF Base Minhas of the Pakistan Air Force.
Abraham Shemtov
Abraham Shemtov (born February 16, 1937) is an American Chabad-Lubavitch rabbi and a shaliach ("emissary") of the Lubavitcher Rebbe  Menachem Mendel Schneerson.

He is chairman of the board of Agudas Chasidei Chabad, the movement's umbrella organization, and was entrusted by the Rebbe with various missions, among them as the movement's envoy to the White House and Capitol Hill. He is the founding national director of American Friends of Lubavitch, Lubavitch activities in Greater Philadelphia, PA, and director of the first Camp Gan Israel in Parksville, NY.

Gan Israel Camping Network
The Gan Israel Camping Network a.k.a. Camp Gan Israel (Hebrew: גַּן יִשְׂרָאֵל, lit. 'Garden of Israel') is a network of Chabad-Lubavitch summer camps. CGI claims a total enrolment of over 100,000 children across several hundred camps.
2022 Miami Grand Prix
The 2022 Miami Grand Prix (officially known as the Formula 1 Crypto.com Miami Grand Prix 2022) was a Formula One motor race that was held on May 8, 2022, at the Miami International Autodrome in Miami Gardens, Florida. It was the first edition of the Miami Grand Prix and the fifth round of the 2022 Formula One World Championship.

The race was won by Max Verstappen, ahead of championship leader and pole-sitter Charles Leclerc in second and his teammate Carlos Sainz Jr. in third. Verstappen also set the fastest lap.

Fastest lap
In motorsports, the fastest lap is the quickest lap run during a race. In some racing series, like NASCAR, the fastest lap awards championship points for a driver or team. In Formula One and MotoGP no point is awarded for the fastest lap.
6-methylsalicylic-acid synthase
In enzymology, a 6-methylsalicylic-acid synthase (EC 2.3.1.165) is a polyketide synthase that catalyzes the chemical reaction

acetyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA + NADPH + H+  6-methylsalicylate + 4 CoA + 3 CO2 + NADP+ + H2O

The 4 substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, NADPH, and H+, whereas its 5 products are 6-methylsalicylate, CoA, CO2, NADP+, and H2O.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is acyl-CoA:malonyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (decarboxylating, oxoacyl-reducing, thioester-hydrolysing and cyclizing). Other names in common use include MSAS, and 6-methylsalicylic acid synthase.

Coenzyme A
Coenzyme A (CoA, SHCoA, CoASH) is a coenzyme, notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle. Every genome sequenced to date encodes enzymes that use coenzyme A as a substrate, and around 4% of cellular enzymes use it (or a thioester) as a substrate. In humans, CoA biosynthesis requires cysteine, pantothenate (vitamin B5), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

In its acetyl form, coenzyme A is a highly versatile molecule, serving metabolic functions in both the anabolic and catabolic pathways. Acetyl-CoA is utilised in the post-translational regulation and allosteric regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase and carboxylase to maintain and support the partition of pyruvate synthesis and degradation.
Decomposition matrix
In mathematics, and in particular modular representation theory, a decomposition matrix is a matrix that results from writing the irreducible ordinary characters in terms of the irreducible modular characters, where the entries of the two sets of characters are taken to be over all conjugacy classes of elements of order coprime to the characteristic of the field. All such entries in the matrix are non-negative integers. The decomposition matrix, multiplied by its transpose, forms the Cartan matrix, listing the composition factors of the projective modules.

Characteristic (algebra)
In mathematics, the characteristic of a ring R, often denoted char(R), is defined to be the smallest positive number of copies of the ring's multiplicative identity (1) that will sum to the additive identity (0). If no such number exists, the ring is said to have characteristic zero.

That is, char(R) is the smallest positive number n such that:(p 198, Thm. 23.14)

if such a number n exists, and 0 otherwise.
Parasitellus
Parasitellus (formerly Parasitus) is a genus of mites in the family Parasitidae which are obligatory parasites of bumblebees. These mites can be found clinging to the carapace, sometimes in large numbers. Mites in this genus hibernate in the deutonymphal stage. In the tritonymph stage they can actively transfer from bumblebee to bumblebee from flowers, where they can survive up to 24 hours. After they arrive in a bumblebee nest, they will moult into adults. Whilst it is not known what factors trigger the mite to molt, in laboratory conditions P. fucorum were found to moult after eating fresh pollen, although overall moulting success was low. They are kleptoparasitic or neutral to beneficial, depending on life stage; females and deutonymphs feed on provisioned pollen, while other stages are predators of small arthropods.

Life stages of mites
Mites start as an egg and then may pass through up to six instars: prelarva, larva, protonymph, deutonymph, tritonymph, and adult. These developmental stages may look different or may be omitted depending on the mite group. All mites have an adult stage; the female is the dispersal stage in some Mesostigmata and Prostigmata. Deutonymphs may also be the dispersal stage in Mesostigmata and Astigmata. The deutonymph is unspecialized or slightly specialized in Mesostigmata.

In Astigmata, the larva, protonymph, tritonymph, and adult are usually feeding ontogenetic stages, though exceptions occur, while the deutonymph serves for dispersal or survival in severe conditions, lacks mouthparts, and cannot feed (though non-oral feeding is possible in several taxa). Deutonymphs have many morphological specializations for phoresy, and they are strikingly different from other life stages.
Buddleja microstachya
Buddleja microstachya is a small shrub discovered in 2005 by Liu and Peng in Yunnan, China, growing at an elevation of 3,200 m in rocky terrain of the Yongde Mountains Nature Reserve.  First described in 2006, this putative species was not included in Leeuwenberg's study of Asiatic and African buddleja published in 1979.

Anthonius Josephus Maria Leeuwenberg
Anthonius Josephus Maria "Toon" Leeuwenberg (11 August 1930, in Amsterdam – 2010) was a Dutch botanist and taxonomist best known for his research into the genus Buddleja at the Laboratory of Plant Taxonomy and Plant Geography, Wageningen. He was responsible for sinking many Asiatic species as varieties, notably within Buddleja crispa. In 1962, he worked with Jan de Wilde on the flora of the Ivory Coast.
Proćwin
Proćwin [ˈprɔt͡ɕfin] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Końskie, within Końskie County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north-west of Końskie and 41 km (25 mi) north-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Końskie
Końskie [ˈkɔɲskʲɛ] ⓘ (Yiddish: Kinsk, קינצק / קינסק) is a town in south-central Poland, with 20,328 inhabitants (2008), situated in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Historically, Końskie belongs to the province of Lesser Poland, and since its foundation, until 1795 (see Partitions of Poland), it was part of Lesser Poland's Sandomierz Voivodeship.
Bodyboarding
Bodyboarding is a water sport in which the surfer rides a bodyboard on the crest, face, and curl of a wave which is carrying the surfer towards the shore. Bodyboarding is also referred to as Boogieboarding due to the invention of the "Boogie Board" by Tom Morey in 1971. The average bodyboard consists of a short, rectangular piece of hydrodynamic foam. Bodyboarders typically use swim fins for additional propulsion and control while riding a breaking wave.

Alaia
An alaia (pronounced /ɑːˈlaɪɑː/, Hawaiian: [əˈlɐjjə]) is a thin, round-nosed, square-tailed surfboard ridden in pre-20th century Hawaii. The boards were about 200 to 350 cm (7 to 12 ft) long, weighed up to 50 kg (100 lb), and generally made from the wood of the Koa Tree. They are distinct from modern surfboards in that they have no ventral fins, and instead rely on the sharpness of the edges to hold the board in the face of the wave.

Modern alaias are about 150 to 350 cm (5 to 12 ft) long and are the larger version of the Paipo board, used for knee or belly surfing, and the smaller version of the Olo board, generally between 550 and 750 cm (18 and 24 ft) long. All of these board types are similar in that each is made of wood and is ridden without a sharks fin/skeg.
SpeedZone (video game)
Wheelspin, known as SpeedZone in America, is a futuristic racing video game for Wii, developed by British developer Awesome Play and published by Detn8 Games in North America and Bethesda Softworks in Europe. The races take place on various terrains such as space stations, planets and asteroids.

Bethesda Softworks
Bethesda Softworks LLC is an American video game publisher based in Rockville, Maryland. The company was founded by Christopher Weaver in 1986 as a division of Media Technology Limited. In 1999, it became a subsidiary of ZeniMax Media. In its first 15 years, it was a video game developer and self-published its titles. In 2001, Bethesda spun off its in-house development team into Bethesda Game Studios, leaving Bethesda Softworks to focus on publishing operations.

In March 2021, Microsoft acquired Bethesda's parent company ZeniMax Media, maintaining that the company will continue to operate as a separate business. Part of the Microsoft Gaming division, Bethesda Softworks retains its function as the publisher of games developed by the different studios under ZeniMax Media.
1949 Albanian Cup
1949 Albanian Cup (Albanian: Kupa e Shqipërisë) was the third season of Albania's annual cup competition. It began in March 1949 with the First Round and ended in May 1949 with the Final match. Partizani were the defending champions, having won their first Albanian Cup last season. The 1949 cup was won by KF Partizani.

The rounds were played in a one-legged format. If the number of goals was equal, the match was decided by extra time and a penalty shootout, if necessary.

Albanian Cup
The Albanian Cup (Albanian: Kupa e Shqipërisë) is the main "knockout" competition in Albanian football. The competition started in 1939 as Kupa e Mbretit (English:"The King's Cup"). The cup was suspended for the next eight years as the Second World War started. It started again in 1948 as "Kupa e Republikës" (English: "Republic Cup") and from 1991 as "Kupa e Shqipërisë" (Albanian Cup). Today it is the second most important competition in Albania after the Kategoria Superiore.

The winners of the Cup automatically earn the right to participate in the first qualifying round of the UEFA Conference League.