hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
BMW N20
The BMW N20 is a 1.6 and 2.0 L (98 and 122 cu in) turbocharged four-cylinder DOHC petrol engine with variable valve lift and variable valve timing which replaced the N53 (or BMW N52 in some markets) and was produced from 2011 to 2017 by BMW. Although the N20 is a four-cylinder engine, it is considered a replacement for the naturally aspirated six-cylinder N52/N53 because it powers equivalent models, producing similar horsepower to the N52/N53 with greater low-rpm torque and better efficiency.

The N20 features a twin-scroll turbocharger, double-VANOS (variable valve timing), Valvetronic (variable valve lift), direct injection, automatic stop-start and an electric water pump. The N20 was sold alongside the smaller displacement BMW N13 turbocharged four-cylinder engine. The N20 was placed in Wards Top 10 Engines in 2012.

In 2014, the N20 began to be replaced by its successor, the BMW B48.

VANOS
VANOS is a variable valve timing system used by BMW on various automotive petrol engines since 1992. The name is an abbreviation of the German words for variable camshaft timing (German: variable Nockenwellensteuerung).

The initial version (retrospectively renamed "single VANOS") was solely used on the intake camshaft, while the later "double VANOS" systems are used on intake and exhaust camshafts. Since 2001, VANOS is often used in conjunction with the Valvetronic variable valve lift system.
Eastern Diocese of the Polish National Catholic Church
The Eastern Diocese of the Polish National Catholic Church is one of the 5 dioceses of the Polish National Catholic Church in the United States and Canada, with its seat in Manchester, New Hampshire. Paul Sobiechowski is the current bishop ordinary of the Eastern Diocese, being consecrated in 2011. He succeeded Thomas Gnat, who was consecrated a bishop in 1978. The constitution and laws of the Polish National Catholic Church provide for the mandatory retirement of bishops at the age of 75.

Polish National Catholic Church
The Polish National Catholic Church (PNCC; Polish: Polski Narodowy Kościół Katolicki, PNKK) is an independent Old Catholic church based in the United States and founded by Polish Americans that is part of the Union of Scranton.

The PNCC is not in communion with the Catholic Church. Since 2004, the PNCC is no longer in communion with the Union of Utrecht.

The church has around 30,000 members in five dioceses in the United States and Canada with 119 congregations in the US. The church is part of Polish Old Catholicism.
Barnes Ridge (Antarctica)
Barnes Ridge (78°8′S 84°50′W﻿ / ﻿78.133°S 84.833°W﻿ / -78.133; -84.833) is a ridge 7 nautical miles (13 km) long, rising to over 1,210 metres (3,970 ft) (Mount Besch) and extending between Young Glacier and Ellen Glacier at the east side of the Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica. It is bounded by Rutford Ice Stream to the east and Arapya Glacier to the west, and connected to Maglenik Heights to the northwest by Dropla Gap. Its eastern slopes are drained by Ranuli Ice Piedmont.

The ridge was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and from U.S. Navy air photos, 1957–59, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Stephen S. Barnes, scientific leader at Byrd Station in 1958.

Byrd Station
The Byrd Station is a former research station established by the United States during the International Geophysical Year (1957) by U.S. Navy Seabees during Operation Deep Freeze II in West Antarctica. It was a year-round base until 1972, and then seasonal up to 2005. The station is located on the West Antarctic ice cap. It was accessible by overland ice traverse or by ski-equipped C-130 aircraft.
Environments (album series)
Environments (stylized in all lowercase) is a series of LPs, cassettes, 8-track cartridges and CDs created by producer and sound recordist Irv Teibel (1938–2010) for Syntonic Research Inc. between 1969 and 1979.  The series consists of recordings of natural sounds such as a seashore with crashing waves or a thunderstorm with falling rain, without musical accompaniment. The series helped ignite a worldwide interest in field recordings which resulted in many imitations being released throughout the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s both with, and without, music.

Natural sounds
Natural sounds are any sounds produced by non-human organisms as well as those generated by natural, non-biological sources within their normal soundscapes. It is a category whose definition is open for discussion. Natural sounds create an acoustic space.

The definition of the soundscape can be broken down into three components: the geophony, non-biological natural sounds that include the effects of water by a stream or waves at the ocean, the effects of wind in the trees or grasses, and sound generated by the earth, itself, for example, glaciers, avalanches and earthquakes; the biophony, all the non-human, non-domestic sounds that emanate from a relatively undisturbed habitat; and anthrophony, all sound generated by human endeavor, whether music, theatre, or electromechanical.
William Robertson (Otago cricketer)
William Alexander Robertson (born 22 September 1940) is a New Zealand former cricketer. He played four first-class matches for Otago during the 1960–61 season.

Robertson was born at Ranfurly in Central Otago in 1940. He played for Southland from the 1957–58 season, including in the Hawke Cup between 1960–61 and 1968–69, and for Otago age-group teams between 1958–59 and 1962–63.

All four of Robertson's first-class appearances for Otago came during the 1960–61 season. A right-handed batsman, he made his debut in the province's first Plunket Shield match of the season against Canterbury at Carisbrook as a replacement for Artie Dick who had injured his hand. After scoring 22 runs in his first innings before recording a duck in his second, Robertson retained his place in the team, although this remained his highest first-class score. He dropped out of the Otago team for the final Shield match of the season after having made a total of 43 runs in seven first-class innings.

Ranfurly, New Zealand
Ranfurly is a town in the Central Otago District of Otago, New Zealand. Located 110 kilometres (68 miles) north of Dunedin, it lies in the dry rough plain of Maniototo at a moderately high altitude (around 430 metres or 1,410 feet above sea level) close to a small tributary of the Taieri River. It operates as a service town for the local farming community. The town was formerly known as Eweburn, one of the "farmyard" names bestowed by former Otago Chief Surveyor John Turnbull Thomson on many small streams and locations in the district. The modern name honours the Fifth Earl of Ranfurly, who served as Governor of New Zealand (1897–1904) at the time of the extension of the Otago Central Railway to the area. Ranfurly is well known for its Art Deco buildings, such as its hotel and the dairy.
Centre Avenue (Pittsburgh)
Centre Avenue is a main thoroughfare in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.  It stretches from Sixth Avenue near the Allegheny County Courthouse to East Liberty.

Because of redevelopments to areas at both ends of Centre Avenue, the street is now somewhat shorter than it had been in 1970.  At its downtown end, it now ends at Sixth Avenue.  It lost about 500 feet (160 m) when the old Plaza building was razed and the "T" (subway) was built.  At its other terminus, it was shortened by about 1000 feet (320 m) when East Liberty was re-designed and Penn Circle South produced.  Charts produced prior to 1970 were drawn with Centre Avenue longer than its current length.

Centre Avenue was extended in 2014, when the streets composing Penn Circle were renamed to their old names.

East Liberty (Pittsburgh)
East Liberty is a neighborhood in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania's East End. It is bordered by Highland Park, Morningside, Stanton Heights, Garfield, Friendship, Shadyside and Larimer, and falls largely within Pittsburgh City Council District 9, with a few areas in District 8. One of the most notable features in the East Liberty skyline is the East Liberty Presbyterian Church, which is an area landmark.
Mariakerke, East Flanders
Mariakerke (Dutch pronunciation: [maːˈrijaːˌkɛrkə]) is a sub-municipality of the city of Ghent located in the province of East Flanders, Flemish Region, Belgium. It was a separate municipality until 1977. On 1 January 1977, it was merged into Ghent.

East Flanders
East Flanders (Dutch: Oost-Vlaanderen [ˌoːst ˈflaːndərə(n)] ⓘ; French: Flandre-Orientale [flɑ̃dʁ ɔʁjɑ̃tal] ⓘ; German: Ostflandern [ˈɔstˌflandɐn] ⓘ; West Flemish: Ôost-Vloandern) is a province of Belgium. It borders (clockwise from the North) the Dutch province of Zeeland and the Belgian provinces of Antwerp, Flemish Brabant, Hainaut and West Flanders. It has an area of 3,007 km2 (1,161 sq mi), divided into six administrative districts containing 60 municipalities, and a population of over 1.57 million as of January 2024. The capital is Ghent, home to the Ghent University and the Port of Ghent.
Roy F. Guzmán
Roy Fernando Guzmán Rodriguez (born June 28, 1987) is a composer of experimental, contemporary and algorithmic instrumental and electronic music, sound artist, improviser and poet born in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

His music is mainly exploratory and uses algorithmic procedures to create musical structures. The theme of chaos theory, abstracting sound scores to instrumental music, Musica A Lo Pobre, non duality, multipolarity and axiomatic music tends to be the major pivots in his work.

He has performed and presented works in The Hague and Amsterdam-The Netherlands, Bratislava-Slovakia, Budapest-Hungary, Vienna-Austria, Rhode Island, Boston, New York, California – USA, Banff-Canada, Chile, Argentina and Mexico.

He is currently active in the experimental music scene in Puerto Rico.

Algorithmic composition
Algorithmic composition is the technique of using algorithms to create music.

Algorithms (or, at the very least, formal sets of rules) have been used to compose music for centuries; the procedures used to plot voice-leading in Western counterpoint, for example, can often be reduced to algorithmic determinacy. The term can be used to describe music-generating techniques that run without ongoing human intervention, for example through the introduction of chance procedures. However through live coding and other interactive interfaces, a fully human-centric approach to algorithmic composition is possible.

Some algorithms or data that have no immediate musical relevance are used by composers as creative inspiration for their music. Algorithms such as fractals, L-systems, statistical models, and even arbitrary data (e.g. census figures, GIS coordinates, or magnetic field measurements) have been used as source materials.
111th Territorial Defense Brigade
The 111th Territorial Defense Brigade (Ukrainian: 111-та окрема бригада територіальної оборони) is a military formation of the Territorial Defense Forces of Ukraine in Luhansk Oblast. It is part of Operational Command East.

Rubizhne
Rubizhne (Ukrainian: Рубіжне, IPA: [rʊˈbiʒne] ⓘ; Russian: Рубежное, romanized: Rubezhnoye, IPA: [rʊˈbʲeʐnəjə]) is a city in Luhansk Oblast, in the Donbas region of eastern Ukraine. Situated on the left bank of the Donets River near the cities of Sievierodonetsk and Lysychansk. Prior to 2020, it was a city of oblast significance, before the designation was abolished.

In 2014, at the start of the war in Donbas, Rubizhne was contested between Ukrainian and pro-Russian separatist forces. From mid-2014 until early 2022, the city was under control of Ukrainian forces. From early 2022 it has been under Russian control following their victory in the Battle of Rubizhne. Russia claimed Rubizhne as part of their Luhansk People's Republic since its annexation of the region in September 2022.

The city had an estimated population of 56,247, as of January 2022, its current population is unknown.
Beg Beg-e Ban Khoshg
Beg Beg-e Ban Khoshg (Persian: بگ بگ بان خشگ, also Romanized as Beg Beg-e Bān Khoshg; also known as Bag Bag Bān Khoshk and Bān Khoshk-e Beg Beg) is a village in Arkavazi Rural District, Chavar District, Ilam County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 147, in 28 families. The village is populated by Kurds.

Ilam province
Ilam Province (Persian: استان ایلام) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Ilam.

The province is in the western part of the country in Region 4 and covers 20,164.11 km2 (7,785.41 mi2). It shares 425 km (264 mi) of the border with Iraq, and also borders on the provinces of Kermanshah, Lorestan, and Khuzestan.
Goteki
Goteki (/ɡɒˈtɛki/) are a British electro band. They are the musical brainchild of composer Ross Tregenza. They were heavily involved in the development of UK electronic body music (EBM) and cybergoth genres in the early 2000s. Goteki split up in 2006, but reformed in 2008 as a three piece live act expanded from Tregenza's solo studio creations. They refer to their new musical style as 'death electro': a mix of alternative electro pop and industrial combined with influences from film and video game scores.

Icon of Coil
Icon of Coil is a Norwegian electronic music band. The band was established as a solo project in 1997 by Andy LaPlegua who was joined by former Sector 9 (now Moonitor and Zombie Girl) bandmate Sebastian Komor to perform live. With the release of Shallow Nation, the band's first single, Komor joined full-time. In 2000, Christian Lund joined the live lineup. Later that year, the band's first full-length album, Serenity is the Devil, was released, which climbed to number one on the Deutsche Alternative Charts. Shortly thereafter, Lund became a full-time band member.
Quiscapampa
Quiscapampa or Quiscapanca (possibly from Quechua kiska thorn, p'anqa bract, "thorn bract") is a mountain in the Chila mountain in the Andes of Peru, about 5,400 m (17,717 ft) high. It is located in the Arequipa Region, Castilla Province, Choco District. Quiscapampa lies northwest of Ojeccasa and southwest of Airicoto.

Jesjapanca is also the name of the peak southeast of the mountain at 15°29′59″S 72°03′53″W﻿ / ﻿15.49972°S 72.06472°W﻿ / -15.49972; -72.06472. It is about 5,000 m (16,404 ft) high.

Department of Arequipa
Arequipa (Quechua: Ariqipa) is a department of Peru. Located to the country's southwest, it is the sixth largest department in Peru, after Puno, Cuzco, Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto, its sixth most populous department, and its eleventh least densely populated department. It is bordered by the departments of Ica, Ayacucho, Apurímac and Cuzco to the north, Puno to the east, the Department of Moquegua to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital, also called Arequipa, is Peru's second-largest city.
Laver (surname)
Laver is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arnold Laver, British timber merchant

Arthur Laver (1880–1965), South African cricket umpire

Augustus Laver (1834–1898), Canadian architect

Basil Laver (1894–1934), British surgeon

Frank Laver (1869–1919), Australian cricketer and baseball player

Jack Laver (1917–2017), Australian cricketer

James Laver (1899–1975), English fashion historian, writer, and curator

John Laver (1938–2020), British phonetician

Les Laver (1900–1982), Australian rules footballer

Richard Laver (1942–2012), American mathematician known for his work in set theory

Rod Laver (born 1938), Australian tennis player

Rudolph Laver (1872–1946), German-Australian electrical engineer

Jack Laver
Jack Francis Lee Laver (9 March 1917 – 3 October 2017) was a Tasmanian cricketer who played 13 matches of first class cricket for Tasmania between 1946 and 1952.

Laver was an off-spin bowler and lower-order batsman. He made his highest first-class score of 93 on his debut, playing against Victoria in 1946–47. His innings took only 94 minutes. Two weeks later he took his best bowling figures of 5 for 26 (off only 34 balls) against the touring MCC team, including the wickets of Denis Compton and Bill Edrich. He captained Tasmania against Victoria in the 1950–51 season, but Tasmania lost the match by nine wickets.

He served in World War II as a lieutenant in the 6th Australian Division Provost Company.

In March 2017 he became only the third Australian first-class cricketer, after Ted Martin and Harold Stapleton, to reach 100 years of age. He died on 3 October 2017; his wife Nancy predeceased him. Test cricketer Frank Laver was his uncle, and tennis star Rod Laver was a second cousin.
Daniel K. Nakano
Daniel Ken Nakano (born July 30, 1964) is an American mathematician. Nakano is a Distinguished Research Professor of Mathematics at the University of Georgia; he specializes in representation theory.

Nakano was born in Seattle, Washington. His parents are Japanese American, and he grew up in Kirkland, Washington. Nakano graduated from the University of California, Berkeley in 1986, and earned a doctorate in mathematics from Yale University in 1990 under the supervision of George B. Seligman with thesis Projective Modules over Lie Algebras of Cartan Type. After temporary positions at Auburn University and Northwestern University, he became an assistant professor at Utah State University in 1994 and moved to the University of Georgia in 2001.

In 2010, Nakano was named Distinguished Research Professor.
In 2012, he became one of the inaugural fellows of the American Mathematical Society.

In 2016, he received the Lamar Dodd Award Creative Research Award.

Kirkland, Washington
Kirkland is a city in King County, Washington, United States. A suburb east of Seattle, its population was 92,175 in the 2020 U.S. census which made it the sixth largest city in King County and the twelfth largest city in the state of Washington.

The city's downtown waterfront has restaurants, art galleries, a performing arts center, public parks, beaches, and a collection of public art that includes bronze sculptures.

Kirkland was the original home of the Seattle Seahawks; the NFL team's headquarters and training facility were located at the Lake Washington Shipyard (now Carillon Point) along Lake Washington for their first ten seasons (1976–85), then at nearby Northwest University through 2007. Warehouse chain Costco previously had its headquarters in Kirkland. While Costco is now headquartered in Issaquah, the city is the namesake of its "Kirkland Signature" store brand. American video game company Valve was also founded in Kirkland.
Eugene Guth
Eugene Guth (August 21, 1905 – July 5, 1990) was a Hungarian-American physicist who made contributions to polymer physics and to nuclear and solid state physics. He was awarded a Ph.D. in theoretical physics by the University of Vienna in 1928. He was a postdoctoral research associate with Wolfgang Pauli at the Austrian–German Science Foundation, Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich and University of Leipzig, with Werner Heisenberg from 1930 to 1931.  He was professor at the University of Vienna (1932–1937) and the University of Notre Dame 1937–1955. He was at Oak Ridge National Laboratory from 1955 to 1971.

Solid-state physics
Solid-state physics is the study of rigid matter, or solids, through methods such as solid-state chemistry, quantum mechanics, crystallography, electromagnetism, and metallurgy. It is the largest branch of condensed matter physics. Solid-state physics studies how the large-scale properties of solid materials result from their atomic-scale properties. Thus, solid-state physics forms a theoretical basis of materials science. Along with solid-state chemistry, it also has direct applications in the technology of transistors and semiconductors.
Loyal Rue
Loyal D. Rue (born June 7, 1944) is an American philosopher of religion. He is a professor emeritus of religion and philosophy at Luther College of Decorah, Iowa. He focuses on naturalistic theories of religion and has been awarded two John Templeton Foundation fellowships. He has held fellowships at Harvard University and at Durham University (UK).   He has been for many years a member and lecturer at the Institute on Religion in an Age of Science (IRAS).

Decorah, Iowa
Decorah is the largest city in and the county seat of Winneshiek County, Iowa, United States. The population was 7,587 at the time of the 2020 census. Decorah is the home of Luther College, a private liberal arts college.  It is known for its Norwegian-American heritage and the corresponding Vesterheim Norwegian-American Museum.

Decorah is located at the intersection of State Highway 9 and U.S. Route 52. Located within the Driftless Area in northeastern Iowa, Decorah is situated in the bluffs of the Upper Iowa River, which flows through the city.
102nd Motorized Division "Trento"
The 102nd Motorized Division "Trento" (Italian: 102ª Divisione motorizzata "Trento") was a motorized infantry division of the Royal Italian Army during World War II. The division was formed in 1935 and named for the city of Trento, where its infantry and artillery regiments were based. The Trento served in the Western Desert Campaign and was destroyed in the Second Battle of El Alamein in November 1942.

1st South African Infantry Division
The 1st South African Infantry Division was an infantry division of the army of the Union of South Africa. During World War II the division served in East Africa from 1940 to 1941 and in the Western Desert Campaign from 1941 to 1942. The division was disbanded on 1 January 1943, for conversion into what would become the 6th South African Armoured Division. The division was also briefly active after the war from 1 July 1948 to 1 November 1949.
2015 Malaysian Open
The 2015 BMW Malaysian Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It is the 6th edition of the Malaysian Open and is an International tournament on the 2015 WTA Tour. The tournament took place from 28 February to 8 March 2015 at the Royal Selangor Golf Club. This tournament had been discontinued, but was restarted when the rights were bought off the tournament in Palermo, Italy.
Caroline Wozniacki defeated Alexandra Dulgheru in the championship match for her 1st title of the year and 23rd of her career.

Wang Yafan
Wang Yafan (Chinese: 王雅繁; pinyin: Wáng Yǎfán; Mandarin pronunciation: [wǎŋ jà fǎn]; born 30 April 1994) is a Chinese professional tennis player. On 7 October 2019, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 47. She peaked at No. 49 in the doubles rankings on 15 February 2016.

In her career, she has won one singles title and four 
doubles titles on the WTA Tour, along with one singles title and four doubles titles on the Challenger Tour. In addition, she won 16 singles and seven doubles tournaments on the ITF Circuit.

Playing for the China Fed Cup team, Wang has a win–loss record of 9–3, as of September 2024.
Giants & Monsters
Giants & Monsters is the seventeenth studio album by German power metal band Helloween, released on 29 August 2025. It is the second studio album recorded by the "Pumpkins United" lineup and the band's first studio album released on Reigning Phoenix Music.

Power metal
Power metal is a subgenre of heavy metal music combining characteristics of traditional heavy metal with speed metal, often within a symphonic context. Generally, power metal is characterized by a faster, lighter, and more uplifting sound, in contrast with the heaviness and dissonance prevalent in, for example, extreme metal. Power metal bands usually have anthemic songs with fantasy-based subject matter and strong choruses, thus creating a theatrical, dramatic and emotionally "powerful" sound.

The term was first used in the mid-1980s and refers to two different but related styles: the first largely practiced in North America with a harder sound similar to speed metal; and a later, more widespread and popular style based in Europe with a lighter, more melodic sound and frequent use of keyboards.