hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Adam Reefdy
Adam Reefdy bin Muhammad Hasyim (born 8 May 2004), better known as Adam Reefdy, is a Singaporean professional footballer who plays either as a full-back or centre-back for Singapore Premier League club Hougang United and the Singapore U23.

Singapore national under-23 football team
The Singapore national under-23 football team is the national under-23 association football team of Singapore. The team comes under the organisation of the Football Association of Singapore (FAS).

Players are usually selected from the Singapore Premier League team, Young Lions as the squad is composed mostly of players undergoing their National Service and also because of their time playing together in the same squad.
Nordre Land IL
Nordre Land Idrettslag is a Norwegian sports club from the village of Dokka in Nordre Land Municipality in Innlandet county. It has sections for association football, team handball, Nordic skiing, biathlon, cycling, equestrianism, swimming, judo, gymnastics, and track and field. It was founded in 1912.

The men's football team plays in the Fourth Division, the fourth tier of Norwegian football. It had a spell in the 3. divisjon running from 2008 to 2013.

2008 Norwegian Third Division
The 2008 season of the 3. divisjon, the fourth highest association football league for men in Norway.

Between 18 and 26 games (depending on group size) were played in 24 groups, with 3 points given for wins and 1 for draws. Twelve teams were promoted to the 2. divisjon through playoff.
Pristimantis bacchus
Pristimantis bacchus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to the western slopes of the Cordillera Oriental in the Santander Department, Colombia. In a loose reference to its blood-red eyes, this species is named for the Roman God of Wine. Common name wine robber frog has been coined for it.

Canthus (herpetology)
In snakes and amphibians, the canthus, canthal ridge or canthus rostralis is the angle between the flat crown of the head and the side of the head between the eye and the snout, or more specifically, between the supraocular scale and the rostral scale. It is defined as a sharp ridge in many viperids, but is rounded in most rattlesnakes, for example.
2012 GCC U-23 Championship
The 2012 GCC U-23 Championship was the fourth edition of the GCC U-23 Championship. It took place in Doha, Qatar for the third consecutive time. Six nations took part. The competition was held in Doha from 1 to 11 September. Saudi Arabia won their second title after defeating Bahrain 2–0 in the final.

The group stage draw was held on 30 June 2012.

Bahrain national under-23 football team
The Bahrain national under-23 football team (also known as Bahrain under-23 or Bahrain Olympics team) represents Bahrain in international football competitions, GCC U-23 Championship, Football at the Summer Olympics, as well as other under-23 international football tournaments.
Franciscus Monachus
Franciscus Monachus (c. 1490 – 1565) was born Frans Smunck in Mechelen (or Malines) in the Duchy of Brabant (in modern-day Belgium). His Latinised name, adopted when he matriculated at the University of Louvain, is translated as simply Francis the monk. Franciscus Monachus was identified as the Latinised form of his name, Frans Smunck, in his obituary notice. He is remembered as the cartographer who created the first terrestrial globe in the Low Countries.

Old University of Leuven
The Old University of Leuven is the name historians give to the university, or studium generale, founded in Leuven, Brabant (then part of the Burgundian Netherlands, now part of Belgium), in 1425. The university was closed in 1797, a week after the cession to the French Republic of the Austrian Netherlands and the principality of Liège (jointly the future Belgium, by and large) by the Treaty of Campo Formio.

The name was in medieval Latin Studium generale Lovaniense or Universitas Studii Lovaniensis, in humanistical Latin Academia Lovaniensis, and most usually, Universitas Lovaniensis, in Dutch Universiteyt Loven and also Hooge School van Loven.

It is commonly referred to as the University of Leuven or University of Louvain, sometimes with the qualification "old" to distinguish it from the Catholic University of Leuven (established 1835 in Leuven). This might also refer to a short-lived but historically important State University of Leuven, 1817–1835.
Dutch architecture in Semarang
During the colonial period many significant examples of Dutch architecture were built in Semarang, Indonesia.

Control of Semarang was given to the Dutch East India Company (VOC) as a part of a debt payment by Sunan Amangkurat II in 1678 and established as area in 1682 Dutch. On 5 October 1705, Semarang officially became a VOC city when Susuhunan Pakubuwono I made a deal to give extensive trade rights to the VOC in exchange for wiping out Mataram's debt. The VOC, and later, the Dutch East Indies government, established tobacco plantations in the region and built roads and railroads, making Semarang an important colonial trading centre.

The presence of a Dutch based creole in the area is due to the fact that creole mix language called Javindo that developed.

The Japanese military occupied the city, along with the rest of Java, in 1942, during the Pacific War of World War II. After Indonesian independence in 1945, Semarang became the capital of Central Java province.

Proclamation of Indonesian Independence
The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence (Indonesian: Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia, or simply Proklamasi) was read at 10:00 Tokyo Standard Time on Friday, 17 August 1945 in Jakarta. The declaration marked the start of the diplomatic and armed resistance of the Indonesian National Revolution, fighting against the forces of the Netherlands and pro-Dutch civilians, until the latter officially acknowledged Indonesia's independence in 1949. The document was signed by Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta, who were appointed president and vice-president respectively the following day.

The date of the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was made a public holiday by a government decree issued on 18 June 1946.
Mikołaj Kiczka
Mikołaj Kiczka (died 1429) was a Polish noble, diplomat and priest.

In 1421–1422 together with Władysław Oporowski and Mikołaj Trąba he represented Poland and the Polish king Władysław Jagiełło in the process between Poland and the Teutonic Order before the Holy See in Rome. In 1427 he took part in the border delineation between Poland and the Order.

Archdeacon of Gniezno. Vicar of Poznań (1423–1428).

He used the Kur coat of arms.

Gniezno
Gniezno is a city in central-western Poland, about 50 kilometres (31 miles) east of Poznań. Its population in 2021 was 66,769, making it the sixth-largest city in the Greater Poland Voivodeship. The city is the administrative seat of Gniezno County (powiat).

One of the Piast dynasty's chief cities, it was the first historical capital of Poland in the 10th century and early 11th century, and afterwards remained one of the main cities of the historic region of Greater Poland. Gniezno is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gniezno, the country's oldest archdiocese, founded in 1000, and its archbishop is the primate of Poland, making the city the country's ecclesiastical capital. The Gniezno Cathedral is one of the most historically important churches in Poland, and as such is a designated Historic Monument of Poland. Other sights include the Old Town and the Museum of the Origins of the Polish State.
Thai Lee
Thai Lee (born 1958) is a Thai-born Korean-American billionaire businesswoman, the co-owner, CEO and president of SHI International, reported by Forbes to be the largest woman-owned business in the US in 2012. In May 2025, she was worth US$5.8 billion. She is a member of the board of directors of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea.

Billionaire
A billionaire is a person whose net worth is at least one billion units of a given currency, typically USD. It is a sub-category of the concept of the ultra high-net-worth individual. The American business magazine Forbes produces a global list of known U.S. dollar billionaires every year and updates an internet version of this list in real time. The American oil magnate John D. Rockefeller became the world's first confirmed billionaire in 1916.

Nineteen individuals had attained the status of centibillionaires, each with a net worth of at least $100 billion, as of January 2026. As of March 2025, there are 3028 billionaires worldwide, with a combined wealth of over $16.1 trillion, up nearly $2 trillion over 2024.
TIMMDC1
TIMMDC1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TIMMDC1 gene. It is a chaperone protein involved in constructing the membrane arm of mitochondrial Complex I. A frameshift mutation in an intron of this gene has been shown to cause failure to thrive, retardation of psychomotor development, infantile-onset hypotonia, and severe neurologic dysfunction. High expression of this gene has been associated with migration of lung cancer cells while depletion of the protein has been shown to affect regulation of apoptosis, the cell cycle, and cell migration.

Respiratory complex I
Respiratory complex I, EC 7.1.1.2 (also known as NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, Type I NADH dehydrogenase and mitochondrial complex I) is the first large protein complex of the respiratory chains of many organisms from bacteria to humans. It catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADH to coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and translocates protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes or the plasma membrane of bacteria.

This enzyme is essential for the normal functioning of cells, and mutations in its subunits lead to a wide range of inherited neuromuscular and metabolic disorders. Defects in this enzyme are responsible for the development of several pathological processes such as ischemia/reperfusion damage (stroke and cardiac infarction), Parkinson's disease and others.
Swine Palace
Swine Palace is a non-profit professional theatre company associated with the Louisiana State University Department of Theatre in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The theatre companies home is located in the Reilly Theatre on the campus of LSU.

Shanghai Dramatic Arts Centre
Shanghai Dramatic Arts Centre (Chinese: 上海话剧艺术中心; pinyin: Shànghǎi Huàjù Yìshù Zhōngxīn) is a professional theatrical company based in Shanghai, China, founded on January 23, 1995 after the merger of Shanghai's two largest theatres, the Shanghai People's Art Theatre (上海人民艺术剧院) and the Shanghai Youth Drama Troupe (上海青年话剧团). Its founders are Xia Yan, Huang Zuolin and Xiong Foxi. Currently, its contracted actors include Michael Chen, Ryan Cheng, Xu Zheng and Ma Yili.
Knee (strike)
A knee strike (commonly referred to simply as a knee) is a strike with the knee, either with the kneecap or the surrounding area. Kneeing is a disallowed practice in many combat sports, especially to the head of a downed opponent.  Styles such as kickboxing and several mixed martial arts organizations allow kneeing depending on the positioning of the fighters. Knee strikes are native to the traditional Southeast Asian martial arts and traditional Okinawan martial arts.

Combat sport
A combat sport, or fighting sport, is a contact sport that usually involves one-on-one combat. In many combat sports, a contestant wins by scoring more points than the opponent, submitting the opponent with a hold, disabling the opponent (knockout, KO), or attacking the opponent in a specific or designated technique. Combat sports share a long history with the martial arts.

Some combat sports (and their national origin) include boxing (Greek-British), Brazilian jiu-jitsu (Japanese-Brazilian), catch wrestling (British-American), jujutsu (Japanese), judo (Japanese), freestyle wrestling (British-American), Greco-Roman wrestling (French), karate (Chinese-Okinawan-Japanese), kickboxing (numerous origins, mainly Southeast Asian), Lethwei (Burmese), mixed martial arts (numerous origins), Muay Thai (Thai), sambo (Soviet/Russian), sanda (Chinese), savate (French), taekwondo (Korean), Vale Tudo (Brazilian), pankration (Ancient Greek), luta livre (Brazilian), and folk wrestling (various).
Harvard–Yale soccer rivalry
The Harvard–Yale soccer rivalry is a rivalry between Harvard University and Yale University. The men's series has been played regularly since 1907, while the women's teams have played since 1977. For over fifty years, the annual Harvard–Yale soccer game was played as a "curtain raiser" to the schools' gridiron football game, known simply as The Game. In addition to its varsity soccer teams which compete in the Ivy League, the two schools' intramural soccer champions have regularly featured in the annual Harkness Cup games, named after Edward Harkness, a benefactor of both universities.

Intercollegiate Soccer Football Association
The Intercollegiate Soccer Football Association (abbreviated ISFA) was a sports governing body that ruled the practice of college soccer in the United States from 1905 to 1958.

Before the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) held its first men's National Collegiate Soccer Championship in 1959, national champions were selected by a committee of the ISFA based on season records and competition. In addition, the College Soccer Bowl tournament was held from 1950–1952 (following the 1949–1951 seasons) for the purpose of deciding a national champion on the field. The Soccer Bowl was a one-site competition involving four teams selected by college soccer administrators. However, the ISFA committee continued to select the national champion in those three years (in 1950 selecting as champion a team that did not participate in the second Soccer Bowl).
Aruna Suresh
Aruna Suresh (born 19 February 1950) is a former judge of the Orissa High Court in India. She also served on the Delhi High Court. She gained public attention after an association of lawyers boycotted her courtroom in Odisha, following her request to a senior counsel to refrain from intervening in a case where he was not representing any of the parties involved.

Delhi High Court
The High Court of Delhi is the high court in Delhi, India. It was established on 31 October 1966, through the Delhi High Court Act, 1966. Below it are 11 Subordinate Courts that oversee smaller judicial districts. The court gets its powers from Chapter V in Part VI of the Constitution of India.
Raudat Tahera
Raudat Tahera (Arabic: روضة طاهرة Rawḍat Ṭāhira) is the mausoleum of Syedna Taher Saifuddin and his son and successor Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin, the 51st and 52nd Dāʿī al-Mutlaqs of the Dawoodi Bohra Ismaili Muslims. It is located in the Bhendi Bazaar, Mumbai.

Syedna Taher Saifuddin led the Dawoodi Bohra community from 27 January 1915 until he died on 12 November 1965. He was succeeded by his son, Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin, who led the community from 12 November 1965 until he died 17 January 2014.

Sanctum sanctorum
The Latin phrase sanctum sanctorum is a translation of the Hebrew term קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים (Qṓḏeš HaQŏḏāšîm), literally meaning Holy of Holies, in Latin texts, this generally refers to the holiest place of the Ancient Israelites, inside the Tabernacle and later inside the Temple in Jerusalem. However, the term also has some derivative use in application to imitations of the Tabernacle in church architecture.

The plural form sancta sanctorum is also used, arguably as a synecdoche, referring to the holy relics in the sanctuary. The Vulgate translation of the Bible uses sancta sanctorum for the Holy of Holies. Hence, the derivative usage denotes the Sancta Sanctorum chapel in the complex of the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran, Rome.

The Garbhagriha in Hindu temples has been compared to a sanctum sanctorum, and is sometimes translated into English as such.
Seletar Aerospace Park
Seletar Aerospace Park is an industrial park in Singapore catering to the aerospace industries. Located in Seletar, the S$60 million plan to develop 140 hectares of land adjacent to Seletar Airport will further strengthen Singapore's position as an aviation hub. The development of the new aerospace park is geared towards delivering additional space for industry expansion, and complement existing aerospace activities at Changi North and Loyang.

Seletar Aerospace Park will host an integrated cluster of activities such as aerospace maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO); design and manufacturing of aerospace systems and components; business and general aviation activities, and an aviation campus for the training of pilots, aviation professionals and technical personnel.

Singapore dollar
The Singapore dollar (sign: S$; code: SGD) is the official currency of the Republic of Singapore. It is divided into 100 cents (Malay: sen, Chinese: 分; pinyin: fēn, Tamil: காசு, romanized: kācu). It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or S$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) issues the banknotes and coins of the Singapore dollar.

As of 2024, the Singapore dollar is the 13th most traded currency in the world. Apart from its use in Singapore, the Singapore dollar is also accepted as customary tender in Brunei according to the Currency Interchangeability Agreement between the Monetary Authority of Singapore and the Autoriti Monetari Brunei Darussalam (Monetary Authority of Brunei Darussalam). Likewise, the Brunei dollar is also customarily accepted in Singapore.
Manchester tart
Manchester tart is a traditional English baked tart consisting of a shortcrust pastry shell spread with raspberry jam, covered with a custard filling and topped with flakes of coconut and a Maraschino cherry. A common variation has a layer of thinly sliced bananas under the custard.

Maraschino cherry
A maraschino cherry (/ˌmærəˈskiːnoʊ, -ˈʃiː-/ MARR-ə-SKEE-noh, -⁠SHEE-) is a preserved, sweetened cherry, typically made from light-colored sweet cherries, such as the Royal Ann, Rainier, or Gold varieties. In their modern form, the cherries are first preserved in a brine solution usually containing sulfur dioxide and calcium chloride to bleach the fruit, then soaked in a suspension of food coloring (common red food dye is Allura Red AC), sugar syrup, and other components.
Independent candidates in the 2003 Ontario provincial election
Twenty-four candidates appeared on the ballot as independents in the 2003 provincial election in Ontario, Canada. Of these, ten were Independent Renewal candidates affiliated with the Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist), one was an Independent Reformer, and one a member of the Communist League. The other eleven appear to have been fully independent candidates, unaligned with any registered or unregistered party.

Reform Party of Ontario
The Reform Party of Ontario (RPO) (PRO; French: Parti Réformiste de l'Ontario) was a minor political party in Ontario, Canada. Until the 1999 provincial election, the party ran one candidate each election in order to keep the party's name in the possession of supporters of the Reform Party of Canada.

Although a small group of candidates laid claim to the name, they had to run under the 'Independent Reform' label. After the federal Reform Party became defunct, several independent Reformers revived the RPO name, and the party ran two candidates in the 2007 provincial election and four in the 2011 provincial election.

The Reform Party of Ontario is not to be confused with the pre-Confederation Reform Party, which later became the Ontario Liberal Party, with the leftist progressive United Reform party of the 1940s, nor the defunct populist social conservative New Reform Party of Ontario (known as the Family Coalition Party of Ontario until it was renamed in 2015).
Shell (2024 film)
Shell is a 2024 American black comedy body horror film directed by Max Minghella, written by Jack Stanley, and starring Elisabeth Moss, Kate Hudson, Kaia Gerber and Elizabeth Berkley.

It had its world premiere at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival on September 12, 2024, and was released on October 3, 2025, by Republic Pictures.

Body horror
Body horror, or biological horror, is a subgenre of horror fiction that intentionally showcases grotesque or psychologically disturbing violations of the human body or of another creature. These violations may manifest through aberrant sex, mutations, mutilation, zombification, gratuitous violence, disease, or unnatural movements of the body. Body horror was a description originally applied to an emerging subgenre of North American horror films, but has roots in early Gothic literature and has expanded to include other media.
Lionel Price
Lionel Price (6 February 1927 – 10 January 2019) was a British basketball player who competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics. Born in the Marylebone area of London's West End, he, at age 21, became the youngest member of the British basketball team, which finished twentieth in the Olympic tournament.

Basketball at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Basketball at the 1948 Summer Olympics was the second appearance of the sport of basketball as an official Olympic medal event. A total number of 23 nations entered the competition.

Olympic basketball returned to indoor competition in Harringay Arena, after the disastrous weather conditions of the final game in the 1936 Summer Olympics.
Channel 18 branded TV stations in the United States
The following television stations in the United States brand as channel 18 (though neither using virtual channel 18 nor broadcasting on physical RF channel 18):

WBGT-CD in Rochester, New York

WVVA-DT2 in Bluefield, Virginia

WWJE-DT in Derry, New Hampshire

The following television stations in the United States formerly branded as channel 18:

WLNN-CD in Boone, North Carolina

WVVA
WVVA (channel 6) is a television station licensed to Bluefield, West Virginia, United States, serving the Bluefield–Beckley–Oak Hill market as an affiliate of NBC and The CW Plus. Owned by Gray Media, the station maintains studios on U.S. Route 460 in Bluefield, West Virginia, and its transmitter is located atop East River Mountain, near the West Virginia–Virginia border.
Waring Point
Waring Point (Russian: Мыс Уэринг) is a headland of the Chukchi Sea. Administratively, it belongs to the Chukotka, Russian Federation.

It is the easternmost point of Wrangel Island.

This headland was named in 1881 after Lieutenant Waring of USS Rodgers, commanded by Lieutenant Robert M. Berry. Lt. Waring was the first to land at this point.

Very large numbers of birds are nesting on the cliffs of this cape, including the horned puffin, tufted puffin, thick-billed murre, glaucous gull and pelagic cormorant.

USS Rodgers (1881)
USS Rodgers was an American 420-ton steam whaler. Launched in 1879 as Mary and Helen, she was acquired by the United States Navy after Congress—besieged by constituents as well as government agencies—appropriated $175,000 "to enable the Secretary of the Navy to charter, or purchase, equip, and supply a vessel for the prosecution of a search for the USS Jeannette and such other vessels as might be found to need assistance during said cruise; provided that the vessel be wholly manned by volunteers from the Navy." The "other vessels" of most immediate concern were two whalers, Vigilant and Mount Wollaston missing in the Arctic Ocean since 1879.