hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hartree equations
In solid-state physics and quantum chemistry, the Hartree equations or the self-consistent field approximation are a set of non-linear equations used to study many-electron systems inside a metal. These quantum mechanical equations are self-consistent, meaning that the solutions can be found by iteration. These approximation is the result of a mean-field theory that describes one electron interacting with a field that is the result of averaging the position of the rest of electrons. The equations are named after Douglas Hartree, who introduced them in 1927.

Hartree method is one of the main ingredients of Hartree–Fock method, which improves on Hartree equations by including the exchange interaction.

Solid-state physics
Solid-state physics is the study of rigid matter, or solids, through methods such as solid-state chemistry, quantum mechanics, crystallography, electromagnetism, and metallurgy. It is the largest branch of condensed matter physics. Solid-state physics studies how the large-scale properties of solid materials result from their atomic-scale properties. Thus, solid-state physics forms a theoretical basis of materials science. Along with solid-state chemistry, it also has direct applications in the technology of transistors and semiconductors.
Nash Icon Records
Nash Icon Records is an American country music record label established in 2014 by Big Machine Label Group and Cumulus Media. Nash Icon Records is located on Music Row in Nashville, Tennessee. The label launched with country music icon Reba McEntire.

Ronnie Dunn
Ronald Gene Dunn (born June 1, 1953) is an American country music singer-songwriter and record executive. Starting in 2011, Dunn has worked as a solo artist following the temporary dissolution of Brooks & Dunn. He released his self-titled debut album for Arista Nashville on June 7, 2011, reaching the Top 10 with its lead-off single, "Bleed Red". After leaving Arista Nashville in 2012, Dunn founded Little Will-E Records. On April 8, 2014, Ronnie Dunn released his second solo album, Peace, Love, and Country Music through Little Will-E Records. On November 11, 2016, he released his third album Tattooed Heart on NASH Icon label. His fourth album Re-Dunn was released on January 10, 2020.

In 2019, Dunn was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame as a member of Brooks & Dunn.
Drarga
Drarga or Drargua (Arabic: الدراركة) is a rural commune and town in western Morocco, situated in the suburban area of Agadir, in the Souss-Massa region. The 2004 census recorded a population of 17,059 inhabitants in the urban centre, which increased to 50,946 inhabitants in the 2014 census. The commune as a whole recorded a population of 126000 in the 2014 census. Located in Drarga is the Agadir Crocodile park tourist attraction.

Souss-Massa
Souss-Massa (Arabic: سوس ماسة, romanized: sūs māssa) is one of the twelve regions of Morocco. It covers an area of 51,642 km2 and had a population of 3,020,431 as of the 2024 Moroccan census. The capital of the region is Agadir.
Mukhairi Ajmal
Muhammad Mukhairi Ajmal bin Mahadi (born 7 November 2001) is a Malaysian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder or a winger for Malaysia Super League club Selangor and the Malaysia national team.

Mukhairi began his senior club career playing for PKNP reserve squad, before being promoted to the first team in 2019, aged 18. His individual performances led to a move to Selangor in 2020.

Mukhairi represented Malaysia at the under-19 level, before making his debut for the under-23 level in 2021. He has been called up to the senior Malaysia squad, and made his senior international debut in October 2021. His playing level is in the non-pro league at Selangor, often raising questions about whether he is a pro player or just lucky to have joined the Malaysian Senior national team.

MFL Challenge Cup
The MFL Challenge Cup (Malay: Piala Cabaran MFL), previously referred to as the Malaysia Challenge Cup, is a  football tournament in Malaysia that is organized jointly by the Malaysian Football League (MFL) and the Football Association of Malaysia (FAM). The tournament serves as a secondary-tier cup competition for teams that are eliminated during the round of 16 of the Malaysia Cup.
Sih-rozag
The Sih-rozag also known as Siroze are two closely related collections of short Avestan invocations and prayers dedicated to a number of Zoroastrian divinities, which in turn are connected to the thirty days in the Zoroastrian calendar.

Yazata
Yazata (Avestan: 𐬫𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬙𐬀) is the Avestan word for a Zoroastrian concept with a wide range of meanings but generally signifying (or used as an epithet of) a divinity. The term literally means "worthy of worship or veneration", and is thus, in this more general sense, also applied to certain healing plants, primordial creatures, the fravashis of the dead, and to certain prayers that are themselves considered holy. The yazatas collectively are "the good powers under Ahura Mazda", who is "the greatest of the yazatas".
Olympiahalle (Innsbruck)
Olympiahalle is an multi-purpose indoor sports venue located in Innsbruck, Austria. The arena is located in the south of the city, close to the Tivoli Stadion Tirol; both of which are part of the multi-functional sports complex OlympiaWorld Innsbruck.

The arena, designed by architect Hans Buchrainer, was opened in November 1963 and underwent a further renovation between 2001 and 2004. It can accommodate 8,000 spectators in the grandstands and, depending on the event, up to 4,000 spectators on the playing field. There is also a multi-purpose hall, nine catering kiosks, a sports bar with space for around 200 people, two car parks with a total of 1,000 spaces and an outdoor artificial ice rink.

Sports venue
A sports venue is a building, structure, or place in which a sporting competition is held.

A stadium or arena is a place or venue for sports or other events and consists of a field or stage either partly or completely surrounded by a tiered structure designed to allow spectators to stand or sit and view the event.

There are various types of sporting venues, depending on the sport played. For example: the racetrack for car racing, the hippodrome for horse racing, the velodrome for cycling, and the swimming pool for swimming. Some sporting venues can accommodate over one hundred thousand spectators, such as the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in the United States, which has a capacity of 257,325 people.
George Grosz
George Grosz (/ɡroʊs/; German: [ɡʁoːs] ⓘ; born Georg Ehrenfried Groß; July 26, 1893 – July 6, 1959) was a German artist known especially for his caricatural drawings and paintings of Berlin life in the 1920s. He was a prominent member of the Berlin Dada and New Objectivity groups during the Weimar Republic. He emigrated to the United States in 1933, and became a naturalized citizen in 1938. Abandoning the style and subject matter of his earlier work, he exhibited regularly and taught for many years at the Art Students League of New York. In 1959 he returned to Berlin, where he died shortly afterwards.

Caricature
A caricature is a rendered image showing the features of its subject in a simplified or exaggerated way through sketching, pencil strokes, or other artistic drawings (compare to: cartoon). Caricatures can be either insulting or complimentary, and can serve a political purpose, be drawn solely for entertainment, or for a combination of both. Caricatures of politicians are commonly used in newspapers and news magazines as political cartoons, while caricatures of movie stars are often found in entertainment magazines. In literature, a caricature is a distorted representation of a person in a way that exaggerates some characteristics and oversimplifies others.
Fluorescence intermittency in colloidal nanocrystals
Blinking colloidal nanocrystals, also known as 'Quantum Dot Blinking', is a phenomenon observed during studies of single colloidal nanocrystals that show that they randomly turn their photoluminescence on and off even under continuous light illumination.
This has also been described as luminescence intermittency.
Similar behavior has been observed in crystals made of other materials. For example, porous silicon also exhibits this effect.

Luminescence
Luminescence can be simply defined as any emission of visible electromagnetic radiation (light) not ascribable directly to incandescence. Incandescence emerges at high temperatures due to thermal radiation; in contrast, because luminescence is often independent of temperature, it is sometimes termed cold light. However, some kinds of luminescence (e.g., candoluminescence, pyroluminescence, thermoluminescence) are associated with or require elevated temperatures. Notably, luminescence is exhibited by primary light sources (which emit light) rather than by secondary light sources (which reflect or transmit light).

Luminescence has also been defined to include all optical radiation, rather than being limited to visible radiation. In addition, it has been defined as a spontaneous emission of radiation from an electronically or vibrationally excited species not in thermal equilibrium with its environment.
Marie Tifo
Marie Tifo (French pronunciation: [maʁi tifo]; born September 26, 1949, in Jonquière, Quebec) is a Canadian actress, and a major star in French-speaking Canada.

She won a Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role for her performance in the 1980 drama film Good Riddance (Les Bons débarras).

She played the recurring role of Mathilde Garland in the TVA series Les Sœurs Elliot.

Tifo starred in La Déraison d'amour at the Théâtre du Nouveau Monde in Montreal from 2–13 June 2009, portraying beatified nun Marie de l'Incarnation. This stage biography of Marie Guyard, a widowed mother who crossed the Atlantic to establish the Ursuline order of nuns, had premiered that past fall in Quebec City as part of the 400th anniversary celebrations, then toured France. The script was written by filmmaker Jean-Daniel Lafond for his film Folle de Dieu (Madwoman of God) which also starred Tifo, and premiered in Quebec City in 2008.

Ursulines
The Ursulines, also known as the Order of Saint Ursula (post-nominals: OSU), is an enclosed religious order of women that in 1572 branched off from the Angelines, also known as the Company of Saint Ursula. The Ursulines trace their origins to the Angeline foundress Angela Merici and likewise place themselves under the patronage of Saint Ursula. While the Ursulines took up a monastic way of life under the Rule of Saint Augustine, the Angelines operate as a secular institute. The largest group within the Ursulines is the Ursulines of the Roman Union.
Eli Perry
Eli Perry (December 25, 1799 – May 17, 1881) was an American and businessman from Albany, New York. He became wealthy as the operator of a successful meatpacking enterprise, and later invested in several other ventures. Perry was most notable for his service as a U.S. Representative from New York, an office he held for two terms, 1871 to 1875.

A Democrat, he was a member of the New York State Assembly in 1851, and served as Mayor of Albany from 1851 to 1854, 1856 to 1860, and 1862 to 1866.

Streets of Albany, New York
The streets of Albany, New York, have had a long history going back almost 400 years. Many of the streets have changed names over the course of time, some have changed names many times. Some streets no longer exist, others have changed course. Some roads existed only on paper. The oldest streets were haphazardly laid out with no overall plan until Simeon De Witt's 1794 street grid plan. The plan had two grids, one west of Eagle Street and the old stockade, and another for the Pastures District south of the old stockade.
Topličice, Semič
Topličice (pronounced [tɔˈpliːtʃitsɛ]; formerly also Male Toplice; German: Töplitzel, Gottscheerish: Teplitzle) is a remote abandoned settlement in the Municipality of Semič in southern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. Its territory is now part of the village of Sredgora. It lies in a narrow dry valley 1 km east of Sredgora.

Sredgora
Sredgora (pronounced [ˈsɾeːdɡɔɾa]; German: Mittenwald, Gottschee German: Mittnbold) is a settlement in the Municipality of Semič in Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.
Jacques Etienne Chevalley de Rivaz
Jacques Etienne Chevalley de Rivaz (16 August 1801 – 8 December 1863) was a Swiss-born physician who spent his career in Naples and the Island of Ischia. He was the founder of a famous sanatorium on Ischia and also wrote several works on the geography, archeology, flora and fauna of the island. For his services to Naples during the cholera epidemic of 1836–37, he was awarded a gold medal by King Ferdinand II and citizenship of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. Chevalley de Rivaz was born in Vevey, Switzerland and died in Casamicciola, Italy at the age of 62.

Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies
Ferdinand II (Italian: Ferdinando Carlo Maria; Sicilian: Ferdinannu Carlu Maria; Neapolitan: Ferdinando Carlo Maria; 12 January 1810 –  22 May 1859) was King of the Two Sicilies from 1830 until his death in 1859.
Tanto amor (TV series)
Tanto amor, is a Mexican telenovela produced by Rita Fusaro for El Trece. It is a remake of the Argentine telenovela Pasiones produced in 1988.

Melissa Barrera and Leonardo García star as the main protagonists, while Arap Bethke, Aura Cristina Geithner and Rossana Nájera as the main antagonists.

Azteca Uno
Azteca Uno (formerly Azteca Trece) is a Mexican national broadcast television network owned by TV Azteca, with more than 100 transmitters across the country. Azteca Uno broadcasts on virtual channel 1. Azteca Uno programming is available in Mexico on satellite via Sky and Dish Network, as well as all Mexican cable systems, and some Azteca Uno programming were seen in the United States on Azteca América.
Kandyan Treaty of 1638
The Kandyan Treaty of 1638 was a treaty between the Kingdom of Kandy and the Dutch Republic signed by King Rajasinghe II and Dutch Naval Commander Adam Westerwold and Vice Commander Willem Jacobszoon Coster of the Dutch East India Company. The treaty was signed on 23 May, 1638 in Batticaloa. The treaty secured the terms under which the two nations would cooperate in defending the Kandyan Kingdom from the Portuguese.

Batticaloa
Batticaloa (Tamil: மட்டக்களப்பு, Maṭṭakkaḷappu, IPA: [mɐʈːɐkːɐɭɐpːɯ]; Sinhala: මඩකලපුව, Maḍakalapuwa, IPA: [məɖəkələpuʋə]) is a major city in the Eastern Province, Sri Lanka, and its former capital. It is the administrative capital of the Batticaloa District. The city is the seat of the Eastern University of Sri Lanka and is a major commercial centre.  It is on the east coast, 111 kilometres (69 mi) south of Trincomalee, and is situated on an island. Pasikudah is a popular tourist destination situated 35 km (22 mi) northwest with beaches and flat year-round warm-water shallow-lagoons.
Bristol Schools Philharmonia
Bristol Schools Philharmonia is an orchestra run by Bristol City Council for young musicians of a high standard who attend schools in the Bristol area.

It is currently directed by Ian Holmes, who has conducted the orchestra since 2013. Ian Holmes is director of the Centre for Performing Arts at the University of the West of England. He is a conductor, performer and teacher, who has been the conductor of the Parc and Dare Band (winner of the BBC Radio Wales Band of the Year 1995); principal tuba of the London Brass Virtuosi and Musical Director of the City of Hull Youth Symphony Orchestra.

Mark Finch conducted the orchestra from 2005 to 2013.

They perform concerts once per school term at the Victoria Rooms in Bristol.

Bristol City Council
Bristol City Council is the local authority for the city of Bristol, in South West England. Bristol has had a council from medieval times, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1996 the council has been a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council. Bristol has also formed its own ceremonial county since 1996. Since 2017 the council has been a member of the West of England Combined Authority.

The council has been under no overall control since 2021. Following the 2024 election the Green Party was the largest party. Green councillor Tony Dyer was appointed leader of the council, and committee chair positions were shared amongst the Greens and Liberal Democrats. The council is based at City Hall on College Green.
Ship of the People
The Ship of the People (Scottish Gaelic: Soitheach nan daoine) is a moniker given to the Irish ship William, which played a key role in a Scottish human trafficking scandal in 1740, when over a hundred men, women and children were kidnapped from the Hebrides with the intention of selling them as indentured servants in the Thirteen Colonies. The scheme was devised by Norman MacLeod of MacLeod, chief of Clan MacLeod, who was in deep debt at the time, and Sir Alexander MacDonald, chief of Clan MacDonald of Sleat, and was carried out by tacksman Norman MacLeod of Unish and skipper William Davidson. En route to America, a landing in Ireland was made, where several victims attempted to escape, alerting local authorities and attracting the attention of the British government. MacLeod and MacDonald successfully denied involvement in the incident and escaped prosecution, while the victims of the scheme were set free and mainly settled in Ireland for the remainder of the lives.

Donaghadee
Donaghadee (/ˌdɒnəxəˈdiː/ DON-ə-khə-DEE, from Irish Domhnach Daoi) is a small town in County Down, Northern Ireland. It lies on the northeast coast of the Ards Peninsula, about 18 miles (29 km) east of Belfast and about six miles (10 km) south east of Bangor. It is in the civil parish of Donaghadee and the historic barony of Ards Lower. It had a population of 7,320 people in the 2021 Census.
Kiều Công Hãn
Kiều Công Hãn (chữ Hán: 矯公罕, died 967) was a warlord of Vietnam during the Period of the 12 Warlords.

Hãn was a grandson of Kiều Công Tiễn. He was also an elder brother of another warlord, Kiều Thuận. He held Phong Châu (modern Việt Trì and Lâm Thao, Phú Thọ Province), and titled himself Kiều Tam Chế (矯三制).

He was defeated by Đinh Bộ Lĩnh in 967.

Lâm Thao district
Lâm Thao is a former rural district of Phú Thọ province in the Northeast region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 106,610. The district covers an area of 115 km2. The district capital lies at Lâm Thao.
Running Low
"Running Low" is a song by Belgian drum and bass record producer Netsky. The song features vocals by American singer-songwriter Beth Ditto. It was written by Ditto, Netsky, Takura Tendayi and Zane Lowe. The single was released on 3 August 2014 as a digital download in the United Kingdom and Belgium (and two weeks later in the US). It was released through Sony Music Entertainment and Epic Records as Netsky's major label debut.

The song topped the Belgian Singles Charts and became Netsky's first number-one single.

Beth Ditto
Mary Beth Patterson (born February 19, 1981), known by her stage name Beth Ditto, is an American singer and songwriter most notable for her work with the indie rock band Gossip. Her voice has been compared to Etta James, Janis Joplin, and Tina Turner. She disbanded Gossip to pursue a career in fashion, and has since started a solo career. In 2022, she portrayed country singer Gigi Roman on the Fox drama series Monarch, and two years later, Gossip reformed.
Ashburton (ward)
Ashburton was a ward in the London Borough of Croydon, in London in the United Kingdom. The ward covered the Ashburton area, as well as covering the main retail area of Addiscombe, the Stroud Green, Tollgate and Longheath Garden estates, and large parts of northern Shirley. The population of the ward at the 2011 Census was 14,721.

The ward formed part of the Croydon Central constituency, which was one of the most marginal in the country, 165 votes separating the Conservatives and Labour at the 2015 General Election.

The ward returned three councillors every four years to Croydon Council. At the 2014 London local elections Maddie Henson, Stephen Mann, and Andrew Rendle were elected to the council achieving a 9% swing. All of them were running as Labour Party candidates.

Shirley, London
Shirley is an area of south London, England, within the London Borough of Croydon. It lies north of Spring Park and Addington, east of Addiscombe, south of Monks Orchard and west of West Wickham, and 10 miles south-southeast of Charing Cross. Prior to the creation of Greater London in 1965, Shirley was in the administrative county of Surrey.

The Shirley area is split into Shirley proper (centred on Wickham Road), Shirley Oaks (to the north) and Upper Shirley (to the west); the suburbs of Monks Orchard and Spring Park are sometimes also considered to be sub-districts of Shirley.
Perhat Khaliq
Perhat Khaliq (Uyghur: پەرھات خالىق, romanized: Perhat Xaliq; Chinese: 帕尔哈提·哈力克; pinyin: Pà'ěrhātí·Hālìkè; born July 24, 1982), also known as Perhat, is a Uyghur pop-rock composer and musician best known for his performances on the Chinese reality talent show The Voice of China in 2014.

Uyghur Latin alphabet
The Uyghur Latin alphabet (Uyghur: ئۇيغۇر لاتىن يېزىقى, romanized: Uyghur Latin Yëziqi, ULY) is an auxiliary alphabet for the Uyghur language based on the Latin script. Uyghur is primarily written in Uyghur Arabic alphabet and sometimes in Uyghur Cyrillic alphabet.

In 2023, the alphabet was agreed as the BGN/PCGN romanization system for Uyghur.
Cestria (Epirus)
Cestria or Kestria (Ancient Greek: Κεστρία), also known as Ilium or Ilion (Ἴλιον), or Troja (Τροΐα), was a town in ancient Epirus. Its district was called Cestrine or Kestrine (Κεστρίνη) and Kestrinia (Κεστρινία), and was located in Chaonia, separated from Thesprotia by the river Thyamis. It is said to have received its name from Cestrinus, son of Helenus and Andromache, having been previously called Cammania or Kammania (Καμμανία). The principal town of the district was Cestria, but its more usual name appears to have been Ilium or Troja, in memory of the Trojan colony of Helenus. In the neighbourhood are those fertile pastures, which were celebrated in ancient times for the Cestrinic oxen. The inhabitants of the district were called Κεστρηνοί by the poet Rhianus.

The city is located near the modern Filiates, Greece.

Thesprotia
Thesprotia (/θɛsˈproʊʃə/; Greek: Θεσπρωτία, pronounced [θesproˈtia]) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the Epirus region. Its capital and largest town is Igoumenitsa. Thesprotia is named after the Thesprotians, an ancient Greek tribe that inhabited the region in antiquity.
Annihilation Factor
Annihilation Factor is the second science fiction novel by Barrington J. Bayley, expanded from a 1964 short story ("The Patch") originally published in New Worlds. It centres on the strains placed on a galactic empire by the appearance of the mysterious, planet-devouring "patch".

Galactic empire
Galactic empires are a science fiction setting trope, in which most or all of the habitable planets in the setting's galaxy are ruled by a single centralized political entity. Galactic empires most frequently appear in works in the sub-genres of science fantasy and space opera, although they may appear in other sub-genres as well. Works featuring galactic empires may have them as the story's focus, chronicling the empire's growth and/or decline. Alternatively, they may merely serve as a backdrop against which the events of the story play out.