hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NGC 1987
NGC 1987 (also known as ESO 56-SC131) is an open cluster or a globular cluster located in the Mensa constellation and part of the Large Magellanic Cloud. It was discovered by John Herschel on November 3, 1834. Its apparent magnitude is 12.1, and its size is 1.7 arc minutes. It is thought to be around 600 million years old and has a significant number of red ageing stars.

John Herschel
Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet KH FRS (/ˈhɜːrʃəl, ˈhɛər-/; 7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor and experimental photographer who invented the blueprint and did botanical work.

Herschel originated the use of the Julian day system in astronomy. He named seven moons of Saturn and four moons of Uranus – the seventh planet, discovered by his father Sir William Herschel. He made many contributions to the science of photography, and investigated colour blindness and the chemical power of ultraviolet rays. His Preliminary Discourse (1831), which advocated an inductive approach to scientific experiment and theory-building, was an important contribution to the philosophy of science.
Mechtat Mehedia
Mechtat el Mehedia (Mechtat Méhédia) is a village in Djidioua commune, Relizane Province, Algeria. the village is located on the Plaine du Cheliff on the left (west) bank of the Oued Ang el Djemel, an intermittent tributary of the Chelif River (Wadi Sheliff).

Chelif River
Chelif River (Arabic: وادي الشلف) (also spelled Chéliff, or Sheliff) is a 700-kilometre-long (430 mi) river in Algeria, the longest in the country.  It rises in the Saharan Atlas near the city of Boughezoul, flows through the Tell Atlas and empties into the Mediterranean Sea north of the city of Mostaganem.  The water level in the river often fluctuates.  The river is being used for irrigation (mainly on its lower course).

The river was formerly called the Mekerra and the Sig River.
Vika Tsyganova
Viktoria Yuryevna (Vika) Tsyganova (Russian: Викто́рия Ю́рьевна (Ви́ка) Цыгано́ва; born October 28, 1963, Khabarovsk, USSR) is a Soviet and Russian singer, composer, theater Actor. Honored Artist of the Republic of Tyva (1999), Honored Cultural Figure of the Moscow Oblast.

Propaganda in Russia
The propaganda of the Russian Federation promotes views, perceptions or agendas of the government. The media include state-run outlets and online technologies, and may involve using "Soviet-style 'active measures' as an element of modern Russian 'political warfare'". Notably, contemporary Russian propaganda  promotes the cult of personality of Vladimir Putin and positive views of Soviet history. Russia has established a number of organizations, such as the Presidential Commission of the Russian Federation to Counter Attempts to Falsify History to the Detriment of Russia's Interests (active 2009-2012), the Russian web brigades, and others that engage in political propaganda to promote the views of the Russian government.
Gothenburg opera house
The Gothenburg opera house (Swedish: Göteborgsoperan) is an opera house at Lilla Bommen in Gothenburg, Sweden. The Artistic Director for opera is Henning Ruhe since 2019, while Katrín Hall leads the Gothenburg Opera Dance Company.

Opera house
An opera house is a theater building used for performances of opera. Like many theaters, it usually includes a stage, an orchestra pit, audience seating, backstage facilities for costumes and building sets, as well as offices for the institution's administration.

While some venues are constructed specifically for operas, other opera houses are part of larger performing arts centers. Indeed, the term opera house is often used as a term of prestige for any large performing arts center.
Arton Capital
Arton Capital is a global citizenship financial advisory services firm based in Montreal, Canada. Founded in 2006 by Armand Arton, the firm provides services for global citizenship, with a particular focus on investor programs.

The firm facilitates residence and citizenship programs.

Arton Capital brokers investment agreements, and runs several assessment tools, including The Passport Index, a real-time ranking of the world’s passports.

Global citizenship
Global citizenship is a form of transnationality, specifically the idea that one's identity transcends geography or political borders and that responsibilities or rights are derived from membership in a broader global class of "humanity". This does not mean that such a person denounces or waives their nationality or other, more local identities, but that such identities are given "second place" to their membership in a global community. Extended, the idea leads to questions about the state of global society in the age of globalization.

In general usage, the term may have much the same meaning as "world citizen" or cosmopolitan, but it also has additional, specialized meanings in differing contexts. Various organizations, such as the World Service Authority, have advocated global transnational citizenship.

The field of global citizenship, as a form of transnationality is transnationalism.
Z-class torpedo boat
The Z-class torpedo boats were a class of twelve warships that served in the Dutch Koninklijke Marine, German Kaiserliche Marine, Polish Marynarka Wojenna and British Royal Navy. The Royal Netherlands Navy ordered eight Z-class torpedo boats before the outbreak of World War I, four were to be built by the German shipbuilder AG Vulcan Stettin, to be named Z 1 to Z 4, while four others were to be built in the Netherlands; Z 5 to Z 8. After the outbreak of World War I the four ships under construction in Germany where requisitioned for service in the German navy, resulting in the Dutch Navy to order another four ships to be built in the Netherlands. The ships saw action during both World War I and World War II. One of the German ships was lost in World War I, while one Polish and one Dutch ship sank during World War II. Another Polish torpedo boat sank in peacetime due to a boiler explosion.

AG Vulcan Stettin
Aktien-Gesellschaft Vulcan Stettin (short AG Vulcan Stettin) was a German shipbuilding and locomotive building company. Founded in 1851, it was located near the city of Stettin, today Polish Szczecin. Because of the limited facilities in Stettin, in 1907 an additional yard was built in Hamburg. The now named Vulcan-Werke Hamburg und Stettin Actiengesellschaft constructed some of the most famous civilian German ships and it played a significant role in both World Wars, building warships for the Kaiserliche Marine and the Kriegsmarine later.

Both yards became members of the Deschimag in the 1920s. The Stettin shipyard was closed in 1928, opened again in 1939. During World War II it exploited slave workers, and after the war, was taken over by the Polish government, while the Hamburg yard was sold to Howaldtswerke AG in 1930 and the Locomotive Department was sold to Borsig in Berlin.
Gull Lake Community Schools
Gull Lake Community Schools is a public school district near Kalamazoo, Michigan. In Kalamazoo County, it serves Richland and Richland Township, South Gull Lake and parts of Charleston Township, Comstock Township, Cooper Township, and Ross Township. In Barry County, it serves parts of the townships of Barry, Johnstown, and Prairieville, and in Calhoun County, it serves part of Bedford Township.

Johnstown Township, Michigan
Johnstown Township is a civil township of Barry County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,841 at the 2020 census. Johnstown Township was originally established in 1838 but was much larger. It gained its current boundaries in 1849.
Maple Leaf Village
Maple Leaf Village is a former amusement park and entertainment complex in Niagara Falls, Ontario.  Opened in May 1979, it was operated by Conklin Shows (operators of the midway at the Toronto Canadian National Exhibition).  Falling on hard economic times in the early 1990s, it was restructured and replaced with Casino Niagara, a government-run casino.

Niagara Falls, Ontario
Niagara Falls is a city in Ontario, Canada, adjacent to, and named after, Niagara Falls. As of the 2021 census, the city had a population of 94,415. The city is located on the Niagara Peninsula along the western bank of the Niagara River, which forms part of the Canada–United States border, with the other side being the twin city of Niagara Falls, New York. Niagara Falls is  within the Regional Municipality of Niagara and a part of the St. Catharines - Niagara Census Metropolitan Area (CMA).

Tourism is a major part of the city's economy: its skyline consists of multiple high-rise hotels and observation towers that overlook the waterfalls and adjacent parkland. Souvenir shops, arcades, museums, amusement rides, indoor water parks, casinos, theatres and a convention centre are located nearby in the city's large tourist area. Other parts of the city include historic sites from the War of 1812, parks, golf courses, commercial spaces, and residential neighbourhoods.
Harold Dobbs
Harold Stanley Dobbs (December 8, 1918 – August 14, 1994) was an influential civic leader in San Francisco, California. He was a lawyer, businessman, politician, and leader in the Jewish community, founding Mel's Drive-In and serving as president of San Francisco's Board of Supervisors.

University of California College of the Law, San Francisco
The University of California College of the Law, San Francisco (UC Law SF or UC Law) is a public law school in San Francisco. Formerly known as the University of California, Hastings College of the Law (UC Hastings), the school was founded in 1878 by Serranus Clinton Hastings, the first chief justice of the Supreme Court of California. It was the first law school of the University of California and one of the first law schools established in California. Although part of the University of California, UC Law SF is not directly governed by the Regents of the University of California.
Najim Abdallah Zahwen Al Ujayli
Najim Abdallah Zahwen Al Ujayli was an Iraqi general who served in the Hammurabi Armoured Division of the Republican Guard under Saddam Hussein.

In September 2009 he was arrested by elements of the Iraqi Special Operations Forces for allegedly commanding terrorist cells operating in and around Tikrit.

1st Hammurabi Armoured Division
The 'Hammurabi' Armored Division (Arabic: فرقة حمورابي المدرعة) was an elite formation of the Iraqi Republican Guard. It was named after Hammurabi; a Babylonian King known for the set of laws called Hammurabi's Code, which constitute one of the earliest surviving codes of law in recorded history.

The division was decisively defeated by the United States Armed Forces in 1991, when it was forced out of Kuwait after suffering heavy casualties, and again in 2003, when the United States invaded Iraq. The latter resulted in the total collapse of the division as its senior officers abandoned their posts, and it was never reformed as the Republican Guard itself was disbanded following the fall of Saddam Hussein's government.
Pelitpınarı, Silifke
Pelitpınarı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Silifke, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 197 (2022). It is situated on Toros Mountains to the west of Göksu River valley. Distance to Silifke is 44 kilometres (27 mi) and to Mersin is  129 kilometres (80 mi). The village was founded by a tribe from Karaman.  Main economic activities are agriculture and goat breeding. Main crops are pistachio, figs, plum and hickory nut.

Taurus Mountains
The Taurus Mountains (Turkish: Toros Dağları or Toroslar; Kurdish: Çiyayên Torosê) are a mountain complex in southern Turkey, separating the Mediterranean coastal region from the central Anatolian Plateau. The system extends along a curve from Lake Eğirdir in the west to the upper reaches of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in the east. It is a part of the Alpide belt in Eurasia.
Russian ship Vladimir Monomakh
At least two ships of the Imperial Russian, Soviet or Russian Navy have been named Vladimir Monomakh  after Vladimir II Monomakh.

Russian cruiser Vladimir Monomakh - Armoured cruiser launched in 1882 and sunk at the Battle of Tsushima in 1905.

Russian submarine Vladimir Monomakh - a Borei-class submarine launched in 2012.

Russian cruiser Vladimir Monomakh
Vladimir Monomakh (Russian: Владимир Мономах) was an armoured cruiser built for the Imperial Russian Navy during the 1880s. The vessel was named after Vladimir II Monomakh, Grand Prince of Kiev. She spent most of her career in the Far East, although the ship was in the Baltic Sea when the Russo-Japanese War began in 1904. Vladimir Monomakh was assigned to the Third Pacific Squadron and participated in the Battle of Tsushima in May 1905. She was tasked to protect the Russian transports and was not heavily engaged during the daylight portion of the battle. The ship was torpedoed during the night and was scuttled the following morning by her captain to prevent her capture by the Japanese.
Deaths in October 2003
The following is a list of notable deaths in October 2003.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Providence Steamrollers
The Providence Steamrollers were a Basketball Association of America team based in Providence, Rhode Island. As of 2025, the Steamrollers were the last professional sports franchise from one of the Big Four leagues to be based in Rhode Island.
Abdul Latif Nazari
Abdul Latif Nazari (Dari: عبدالطیف نظری) who is serving as Deputy Minister of Economy of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan since 26 December 2021.

He belongs to the Hazara ethnicity. He holds a Ph.D. in political science from University of Tehran. He is the founder of Gharjistan University, located in Pul-e-Sorkh, Kabul.

Ministry of Economy (Afghanistan)
The Afghan Ministry of Economy (Dari: وزارت اقتصاد افغانستان, Pashto: د افغانستان د اقتصاد وزارت) is the Afghan Government Ministry in charge of stimulating the Economy of the country. The current Minister of Economy is Din Mohammad Hanif.
My First Sermon
My First Sermon is an 1863 oil painting by the British artist John Everett Millais. A fancy picture, it depicts a young girl listening intently to a sermon in church for the first time. Millais used his own daughter Effie as the model.

The work was displayed at the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1863 at the National Gallery where it was well received.
On the strength of the painting, along with The Eve of St Agnes,  Millais was elected to full membership of the Royal Academy of Arts. Today the picture is in the Guildhall Art Gallery in the City of London,  having been bequeathed by the art collector Charles Gassiot in 1902.

Millais produced a sequel My Second Sermon in 1864 which Gassiot also donated to the Guildhall.

The Eve of St. Agnes
The Eve of St. Agnes is a Romantic narrative poem of 42 Spenserian stanzas set in the Middle Ages. It was written by John Keats in 1819 and published in Lamia, Isabella, The Eve of St. Agnes, and Other Poems (1820). The poem was considered by many of Keats's contemporaries and the succeeding Victorians to be one of his finest and was influential in 19th-century literature.

The title comes from the day (or evening) before the feast of Saint Agnes (or St. Agnes' Eve). St. Agnes, the patron saint of virgins, died a martyr in 4th-century Rome. The eve falls on 20 January; the feast day on the 21st. The divinations referred to by Keats in this poem are referred to by John Aubrey in his Miscellanies (1696) as being associated with St. Agnes' night.
Bournville
Bournville (/ˈbɔːrnvɪl/) is a 19th century model village on the southwest side of Birmingham, England, founded by the Quaker Cadbury family for employees at its Cadbury's factory, and designed to be a "garden" (or "model") village where the sale of alcohol was forbidden. Historically in northern Worcestershire, it is also a ward within the council constituency of Selly Oak and home to the Bournville Centre for Visual Arts and the Cadbury's chocolate factory. Bournville is regarded as one of the most desirable areas to live in the United Kingdom; research by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation in 2003 found that it was "one of the nicest places to live in Britain".

Joseph Rowntree Foundation
The Joseph Rowntree Foundation (JRF) is a charity that conducts and funds research aimed at solving poverty in the UK. JRF's stated aim is to "inspire action and change that will create a prosperous UK without poverty."

Originally called the Joseph Rowntree Village Trust, it was founded by English businessman Joseph Rowntree in 1904. Rowntree, a Quaker, was a long-standing philanthropist and with his brother developed a confectionery company, Rowntree's. He established the foundation in order to investigate the root causes of social problems. In its current form, the foundation works with private, public and voluntary sectors, as well as impoverished people. It is politically neutral and independent from all UK political parties.
Aminoxytriphene
Amotriphene is a coronary vasodilator that was developed at Sterling Drug in the early 1960s. It has selective binding to alpha-adrenergic receptors.

As a triphenylethylene, it has a structure similar to chlorotrianisene, although it is not thought to function as a non-steroidal synthetic estrogen.

Its pharmacology has been studied.

Adrenergic receptor
The adrenergic receptors or adrenoceptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of many catecholamines like norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) produced by the body, but also many medications like beta blockers, beta-2 (β2) agonists and alpha-2 (α2) agonists, which are used to treat high blood pressure and asthma, for example.

Many cells have these receptors, and the binding of a catecholamine to the receptor will generally stimulate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). The SNS is responsible for the fight-or-flight response, which is triggered by experiences such as exercise or fear-causing situations. This response dilates pupils, increases heart rate, mobilizes energy, and diverts blood flow from non-essential organs to skeletal muscle. These effects together tend to increase physical performance momentarily.
Paul Ramsden (climber)
Paul Ramsden (born 1969) is a British mountaineer and alpinist.  He is internationally noted for his alpine climbing. Ramsden was awarded the Piolet d'Or five times for alpine-style first ascents of extreme high-altitude routes in the Himalayas: 2003, 2013 and 2016 with Mick Fowler (they were the first British winners of the award). 2017 with Nick Bullock, and in 2023 with Tim Miller. Ramsden is notably media and publicity-shy (no social media presence and minimal sponsors), and in 2023 was described by the Financial Times as "The most decorated mountaineer ever (and why you’ve never heard of him)".

Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains
The Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains (officially spelt Nyainqêntanglha Mountains in Chinese) are a 700-kilometre (430 mi) long mountain range, and subrange of the Transhimalaya System, located in Tibet and the Tibet Autonomous Region of China.
Rory Thornton
Rory Thornton (born 16 March 1995) is a rugby union player who plays for the Cardiff Rugby. His position is lock forward.

Thornton began his rugby career at Bonymaen RFC before joining the Swansea RFC and then the Ospreys. Thornton joined Cardiff on a season long loan prior to the 2018-2019 Pro 14 season and then signed a permanent contract with Cardiff for the following season.

2018–19 Pro14
The 2018–19 Pro14 (also known as the Guinness Pro14 for sponsorship reasons) is the eighteenth season of the professional rugby union competition originally known as the Celtic League. It was the second season to be referred to as the Pro14 (the competition was named the Pro12 immediately prior to the addition of two South African teams).

Fourteen teams competed in 2018-19 — four Irish teams: Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster; two Italian teams: Benetton and Zebre; two Scottish teams: Edinburgh and Glasgow Warriors; two South African teams: Cheetahs and the Southern Kings; and four Welsh teams: Cardiff Blues, Dragons, Ospreys and Scarlets.

Leinster were the defending champions, having won the 2017–18 final at the Aviva Stadium to take their fifth title in the competition's various iterations and seal a domestic league and European Cup double, becoming only the sixth team to do so and the first from the Pro14.
Charles Balic
Charles Balic (Croatian: Karlo Balić; 9 December 1899 – 15 April 1977) was a Croatian Franciscan Mariologist. Friar Charles Balić was a famous theologian, specializing in the figure and works of John Duns Scotus, and Rector of the Pontifical University Antonianum of Rome. He was the founder of the Pontifical Academy of Mary and President of the International Scotistic Commission. He was the principal redactor in the editing of the chapter VIII of the Lumen gentium with "De Beata" redaction. He has been important for the ecumenical mariology. Balic is considered as one of the top representative of the "Marian movement" in the 20th century: his appointment was conclusive for the proclamation of the dogma of the assumption.

Antonianum
The Antonianum, also known as the Pontifical University of Saint Anthony (Latin: Pontificia Universitas Antonianum, Italian: Pontificia Università Antonianum), and as Pontifical Athenaeum Antonianum, is a Franciscan pontifical university in Rome named in honour of Anthony of Padua. It is located in the Rione Esquiline, a block north of the Basilica of St John Lateran, at Via Merulana 124, near the intersection of Via Labicana/Viale Manzoni and Via Merulana.
Maxfli
Maxfli is a brand of sports equipment, most recognized for its golf balls, currently owned by Dick's Sporting Goods. Dick's purchased the brand from TaylorMade Golf on February 11, 2008; however, the Noodle trademark and all golf ball patents remained with TMaG.

Golf products currently commercialized under the "Maxfli" brand include bags, gloves, and accessories such as training aids and umbrellas.

Maxfli was previously owned by the Dunlop Slazenger group before its acquisition by TMaG in 2003. While under TMaG ownership, the brand underwent a change in focus from premium balls, such as Black Max and Red Max, to distance balls such as the Fire and the already successful Noodle, as TMaG looked to use its own TaylorMade brand in the high end golf ball market. The Maxfli brand and trademark was originally created by the sports division of the Dunlop Tire and Rubber Corporation, headquartered in Buffalo, New York.

Dick's Sporting Goods
Dick's Sporting Goods, Inc. (stylized as DICK'S Sporting Goods) is an American chain of sporting goods stores founded in 1948 by Richard "Dick" Stack. It is the largest sporting goods retailer in the United States and is listed on the Fortune 500.
Emily Freeman
Emily Kaye Freeman (born 24 November 1980) is a retired British Olympic sprinter and advocate for gender equality in sports from Yorkshire, England. She is a co-founder of Totally Runable, an organisation that encourages girls and women to take up running.

Freeman competed both nationally and internationally between 2006 and her retirement from athletics in 2014. She represented England and Team GB in the Olympic Games, World Championships, Commonwealth Games and European Championships, specialising in 100m, 200m sprints and 4 × 100 m relay. Freeman worked for several years as a personal trainer with Pro Fit Personal Training at Total Fitness Gym in Wakefield. She co-founded Totally Runable after her retirement and now works full-time for that social enterprise company in and with schools, pupils, staff and parents, with the aim of inspiring and empowering others to be the people they dream of being.

European Athletics Championships
The European Athletics Championships is a biennial (from 2010) athletics event organised by the European Athletic Association and is recognised as the elite continental outdoor athletics championships for Europe.