hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2021 Sudirman Cup group stage
The 2021 Sudirman Cup group stage was held at the Energia Areena in Vantaa, Finland, from 26 to 30 September 2021.

The group stage was the first stage of the 2021 Sudirman Cup. During the group stage, only the 2 highest-placing teams in all 4 groups advanced to the knockout stage.

Energia Areena
Energia Areena is a multifunctional indoor arena in the Myyrmäki Sports Park, located in the Myyrmäki district of Vantaa, Finland. The arena gets its name from its largest sponsor, the energy company Vantaan Energia.
Albina Românească
Albina Românească ("The Romanian Bee") was a Romanian-language bi-weekly political and literary magazine, printed in Iaşi, Moldavia, at two intervals during the Regulamentul Organic period (between June 1, 1829, and January 3, 1835, and again between January 3, 1837, and January 2, 1850). The owner and editor was Gheorghe Asachi. It published the literary supplement Alăuta Românească.

Albina Românească was the second journal to be published in its country, after the French-language Courrier de Moldavie, and the first Romanian-language one in Moldavia. Alongside Curierul Românesc, edited by Ion Heliade Rădulescu in Wallachia, and George Bariţiu's Gazeta de Transilvania, it was one of the main Romanian periodical presses of the time.

Literary magazine
A literary magazine is a periodical devoted to literature in a broad sense. Literary magazines usually publish a mix of fiction and non-fiction. Short stories and poetry are common literary forms published, but some magazines may publish serial literature—a novel which is revealed in sections over multiple issues. Non-fiction writing may be from staff of the literary magazine to make commentary about their magazine or about culture related to literature. Non-fiction from contributors may take the form of essays, literary criticism, book reviews, biographical profiles of authors, interviews, and letters. Literary magazines are often called literary journals (or little magazines) to contrast them with larger, commercial magazines.
Jimmy Forsyth
James Forsyth (18 October 1904 – 1982) was a Scottish football player, trainer and physiotherapist, who made more than 350 appearances in the Football League playing as a left half or inside left for Portsmouth, Gillingham and Millwall. Born in Armadale, West Lothian, he began his playing career in his native Scotland with Armadale and Bathgate, and finally retired from playing in 1943 to become assistant trainer of Millwall. He then became first-team trainer at Ipswich Town, a post he held for 15 years, and was caretaker manager of the club for a brief period in 1964, between the departure of Jackie Milburn and the arrival of Bill McGarry. He retired in 1971 and died in 1982.

Armadale, West Lothian
Armadale (Scots: Airmadale, Scottish Gaelic: Armadal) is a town within the county of West Lothian in the Central Belt of Scotland. It lies to the west of Bathgate and to the east of Blackridge. Armadale, formerly known as Barbauchlaw, is an ex-mining town which was also known for its brick manufacturing. It is named after Armadale in Sutherland, this estate being owned by Sir William Honeyman who later acquired the land of Barbauchlaw. Primarily a residential community, the town has a number of different public places, a central Mains Street and a series of parks, green spaces and nature reserves, many of which lie atop former mines and industrial areas.
Ripa station
Rip'a station is a railway station in Rip'a-ri, greater Tanch'ŏn city, South Hamgyŏng province, North Korea, on the Kŭmgol Line of the Korean State Railway. It was opened on 4 December 1943 along with the rest of the Tongam–Paekkŭmsan section of the line.

South Hamgyong Province
South Hamgyong Province (Korean: 함경남도, Hamgyŏngnamdo; Korean pronunciation: [ham.ɡjʌŋ.nam.do]) is a province of North Korea.  The province was formed in 1896 from the southern half of the former Hamgyong Province, remained a province of Korea until 1945, then became a province of North Korea. Its capital is Hamhung.
Knock Castle, Aberdeenshire
Knock Castle is a ruined tower house in Aberdeenshire, north-east Scotland. It is typical of the traditional type of residence of a laird, a Scottish landed gentleman. Knock Castle is in Royal Deeside, about 1 mile (1.6 km) west of the town of Ballater, and about 6 miles (9.7 km) east of Balmoral. It sits on a knoll in a field on the south side of Craig of the Knock, a low hill at the entrance to Glen Muick. The castle is a category B listed building, and is in the care of Historic Environment Scotland.

Laird
Laird (/ˈlɛərd/) is a Scottish word for minor lord (or landlord) and is a designation that applies to an owner of a large, long-established Scottish estate. In the traditional Scottish order of precedence, a laird ranked below a baron and above a gentleman. This rank was held only by those holding official recognition in a territorial designation by the Lord Lyon King of Arms. They are usually styled [name] [surname] of [lairdship]. However, since "laird" is a courtesy title, it has no formal status in law.

Historically, the term bonnet laird was applied to rural, petty landowners, as they wore a bonnet like the non-landowning classes. Bonnet lairds filled a position in society below lairds and above husbandmen (farmers), similar to the yeomen of England.

An Internet fad is the selling of tiny souvenir plots of Scottish land and a claim of a "laird" title to go along with it, but the Lord Lyon has decreed these meaningless for several reasons.
Cape May National Wildlife Refuge
The Cape May National Wildlife Refuge is a protected area on the Cape May Peninsula in Cape May County, New Jersey.  It is part of the National Wildlife Refuge System and managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.  Established in January 1989 with 90 acres (0.36 km2) acquired from the Nature Conservancy, it has since grown to more than 11,000 acres (45 km2) in size, and plans call for its further expansion to more than 21,200 acres (86 km2).  It comprises three distinct and non-contiguous units: the Delaware Bay Division (in Middle Township), the Great Cedar Swamp Division (in Dennis Township and Upper Township) and the Two Mile Beach Unit (in Lower Township). Located in the Middle Atlantic coastal forests ecoregion, the cape provides habitat for large numbers of migratory birds.

The Nature Conservancy
The Nature Conservancy (TNC) is a global environmental organization headquartered in Arlington, Virginia, United States. As of 2021, it works via affiliates or branches in 79 countries and territories, as well as across every state in the US.

Founded in 1951, The Nature Conservancy has over one million members globally as of 2021 and has protected more than 119 million acres (48 million ha) of land in its history. As of 2014, it is the largest environmental non-profit organization by assets and revenue in the Americas.
La Torrecilla
La Torrecilla is a mountain with a height of 1,918 m (6,293 ft), which lies southeast of Ronda in the Sierra de las Nieves Natural Park, of the Sierra de las Nieves range in the province of Málaga, Andalucia, Spain. In the Sierra de las Nieves range, it is the largest mountain. La Torrecilla is part of the Andalusian mountain system and is a notable destination for hikers and nature enthusiasts seeking panoramic views of the Mediterranean Sea, the surrounding mountains, and, on clear days, the African coast. The Sierra de las Nieves, where La Torrecilla is situated, is a protected area and recognised as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve for its rich biodiversity and unique geological formations.

Man and the Biosphere Programme
The Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) is an intergovernmental scientific program, launched in 1970 by UNESCO, that aims to establish a scientific basis for the 'improvement of relationships' between people and their environments.

MAB engages with the international development agenda, especially the Sustainable Development Goals and the Post 2015 Development Agenda. The MAB programme provides a platform for cooperation in research and development. As of July 2024, 759 sites across 136 countries, including 22 transboundary sites, have been included in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves.  The reserves cover more than 5% of the world’s surface and are home to over 260 million people.
Mario Navarro
Mario Navarro (May 28, 1949 – January 27, 2023) was a Mexican actor, active in the 1950s and 1960s. He made his film debut in 1956 playing a leading role in The Road of Life, following in the same year with The Beast of Hollow Mountain. In 1960 he appeared in the TV series Captain David Grief in the episode Everybody's Boy. He later had small roles in Hollywood movies such as The Black Scorpion (1957), The Magnificent Seven (1960) and Geronimo (1962). Navarro died aged 73 on January 27, 2023.

Captain David Grief
Captain David Grief (also known as The Jack London Stories) is an American action/adventure television series that aired in syndication from October 1957 to 1960. The program was based on a series of Jack London short-stories centered on the South Seas tradesman and adventurer David Grief, collected in A Son of the Sun.
Boultham
Boultham (listenⓘ) is an inner-city and ward of Lincoln in Lincolnshire, England. The population of the City of Lincoln ward at the 2021 census was 11,258 this included the areas of New Boultham and Swanpool. The ward is one of the eleven electoral districts within the City of Lincoln Council.

Inner city
The term inner city (also called the hood) has been used, especially in the United States, as a euphemism for majority-minority lower-income residential districts that often refer to rundown neighborhoods, in a downtown or city centre area. Sociologists sometimes turn the euphemism into a formal designation by applying the term inner city to such residential areas, rather than to more geographically central commercial districts, often referred to by terms such as downtown, city centre, or central business district.
Lavells Lake
Lavells Lake is a  12.5-hectare (31-acre) Local Nature Reserve on the outskirts of Woodley, a suburb of Reading in Berkshire. It is owned by Wokingham District Council and managed by the council and The Friends of Lavell's Lake. The nature reserve is part of Dinton Pastures Country Park.

Local nature reserve
Local nature reserve (LNR) is a statutory designation for certain nature reserves in Great Britain. The Wild Life Conservation Special Committee established them and proposed a national suite of protected areas comprising national nature reserves, conservation areas (which incorporated suggestions for Sites of Special Scientific Interest), national parks, geological monuments, local nature reserves and local educational nature reserves.

There are now over 1,280 LNRs in England, covering almost 40,000 hectares, which range from windswept coastal headlands and ancient woodlands to former inner city railways and long abandoned landfill sites.
Anthony King (writer)
Anthony King is an American writer, director, and comedian based in Los Angeles. He was previously the Artistic Director of the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre in New York City. King attended the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

King has written for television shows such as Playing House, Broad City, Silicon Valley, Wet Hot American Summer: First Day of Camp, and Search Party. He wrote the off-Broadway musical Gutenberg! The Musical! and the book for the Broadway musical Beetlejuice with Scott Brown, garnering a Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical nomination for the latter. He was nominated for an Emmy in 2011 for "Outstanding Writing For A Variety, Music Or Comedy Special" for Night Of Too Many Stars: An Overbooked Benefit For Autism Education which aired on Comedy Central.

Playing House (TV series)
Playing House is an American sitcom that premiered on April 29, 2014, on the USA Network. Lennon Parham and Jessica St. Clair created and star in the series, which is inspired by their real-life friendship.

On January 14, 2016, the series was renewed for a third season, which aired from June 23 to July 14, 2017 with each episode available via VOD.

On October 30, 2017, series stars and creators Jessica St. Clair and Lennon Parham, announced over an emotional video message that USA Network canceled the show.
2022 Copa Uruguay
The 2022 Copa Uruguay (officially known as Copa AUF Uruguay 2022), was the inaugural edition of the Copa Uruguay, the country's national football cup tournament. The tournament began on 22 June and ended on 13 November, and had 76 teams participating.

Defensor Sporting were the first winners of the competition, defeating La Luz in the final match 1–0.

Defensor Sporting
Defensor Sporting Club is a sports club based in Montevideo, Uruguay. Founded in 1913, Defensor has several sports sections, with football and basketball being the most important and the ones in which the club has achieved significant achievements in Uruguay and internationally.

It is the third most highest winning club in Uruguay, with 24 official titles, only surpassed by Peñarol and Club Nacional de Football. The club's best performance at the international stage was in 2014, when they reached the semi-finals of the Copa Libertadores, eventually losing to Club Nacional 2–1 on aggregate. They have won the Uruguayan Championship four times: in 1976, 1987, 1991, and 2007-08. Their 1976 title win was especially notable in Uruguay's football history as it ended 44 years of dominance by Nacional and Peñarol.
Coralliozetus rosenblatti
Coralliozetus rosenblatti, the spikefin blenny, is a species of chaenopsid blenny found in coral reefs in the eastern central Pacific ocean. It can reach a maximum length of 3.5 centimetres (1.4 in) TL. This species feeds primarily on zooplankton. The specific name honours the ichthyologist Richard H. Rosenblatt (1930-2014) of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography
The Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) is the center for oceanography and earth science at the University of California, San Diego. Its main campus is located in La Jolla, with additional facilities in Point Loma.

Founded in 1903 and incorporated into the University of California system in 1912, the institution has since broadened its research focus to encompass the physics, chemistry, geology, biology, and climate of the Earth. The institution awards the Nierenberg Prize annually to recognize researchers with exceptional contributions to science in public interest.
Kim Seung-ho
Kim Seung-ho (July 13, 1917 – December 1, 1968) was a South Korean actor. Kim was a star of the 1950s and 1960s and regarded as one of the best actors in South Korean film history. Kim started acting at the age of 20, but he took lead roles when he was over 40 years old. Kim is also the father of actor Kim Hee-ra.

Blue Dragon Film Awards
The Blue Dragon Film Awards (Korean: 청룡영화상; RR: Cheongnyong Yeonghwasang) is an annual awards ceremony that is presented by Sports Chosun (a sister brand of the Chosun Ilbo) for excellence in film in South Korea.

The Blue Dragon Film Awards considers only blockbusters and popular movies of high artistic value released during the previous year. During the selection process, about forty movies that have made it to the final list are screened to the public for free. After the screening of each selection, the awards ceremony opens.

The Blue Dragon Film Awards and Grand Bell Awards are the most popular film awards in South Korea.
Lake Anna State Park
Lake Anna State Park is a state park located in Spotsylvania County in Virginia. Initially, the site of the Goodwin Gold Mine – gold was first discovered at the site in 1829 – the land later played host to Lake Anna, a reservoir created to serve as a coolant for Dominion Power's nearby nuclear power plant.  It was created by damming up the North Anna River.  Work to create the park began in 1972 and it opened formally in 1983.

Lake Anna
Lake Anna is one of the largest freshwater inland reservoirs in Virginia, covering an area of 13,000 acres (53 km2), and located 72 miles (116 km) south of Washington, D.C., in Louisa and Spotsylvania counties (and partially in Orange County at the northern tip). The lake is easily accessible from Fredericksburg, Richmond, Charlottesville, Northern Virginia, and Washington, D.C., and is one of the most popular recreational lakes in the state.
Cscope
Cscope is a programming tool developed in the 1980s which uses a text-based user interface that allows computer programmers or software developers to search source code of the programming language C. It is often used on very large projects to aid code comprehension to find source code, functions, declarations, definitions, and regular expressions. As of 2000, cscope is free and released under a BSD license. The original developer of cscope is Joe Steffen.

Programmer
A programmer, computer programmer or coder is an author of computer source code – someone with skill in computer programming.
The professional titles software developer and software engineer may be used for jobs that require a programmer.
Özhan Öztürk
Özhan Öztürk (born 1968, Istanbul) is a Turkish writer and researcher. He is known for his work on the culture and folklore of Turkey’s Black Sea region.

Özhan Öztürk graduated from Istanbul University’s Faculty of Dentistry in 1991. He also studied history in the Faculty of Letters of the same university. While pursuing a career in dentistry, he conducted research on the culture, history and local language and dialects of the Black Sea region. His work has been published in numerous periodicals and books.

In 2005, Özhan Öztürk published a two-volume encyclopaedic dictionary on the Black Sea region including toponyms, flora, fauna, handicrafts and local expressions, based on a range of sources. In 2009, he published a dictionary on folklore and mythology. His 2011 book, titled Pontus, provides a comprehensive survey of the history of the Black Sea region from Antiquity up to today. In 2016, he published a dictionary on world mythology with over 10,000 entries.

Black Sea region
The Black Sea region (Turkish: Karadeniz Bölgesi) (sometimes referred to as Pontus or Pontos) is a geographical region of Turkey. The largest city in the region is Samsun. Other big cities are Zonguldak, Trabzon, Ordu, Tokat, Giresun, Rize, Amasya and Sinop.

It is bordered by the Marmara Region to the west, the Central Anatolia Region to the south, the Eastern Anatolia Region to the southeast, the Republic of Georgia to the northeast, and the Black Sea to the north.
HD 34255
HD 34255, also known HR 1720, is a star located in the northern circumpolar constellation Camelopardalis, the giraffe. It has an apparent magnitude of 5.60, allowing it to be faintly visible to the naked eye. The object is located relatively far at a distance of about 1.65 kly but is approaching the Solar System with a heliocentric radial velocity of −7.7 km/s.

This is a solitary, evolved red supergiant with a stellar classification of K4 I. It has 6.9 times the mass of the Sun and is said to be 46 million years old. Despite the young age, it has already ceased hydrogen fusion at its core and now has an enlarged radius of 145 R☉. HD 34255 radiates a bolometric luminosity over 6,000 times that of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 3,927 K, giving it an orange glow. The star's metallicity – what astronomers dub as elements heavier than helium – is around solar level.

Metallicity
In astronomy, metallicity is the abundance of elements present in an object that are heavier than hydrogen and helium. Most of the normal currently detectable (i.e. non-dark) matter in the universe is either hydrogen or helium, and astronomers use the word metals as convenient shorthand for all elements except hydrogen and helium. This word-use is distinct from the conventional chemical or physical definition of a metal as an electrically conducting element. Stars and nebulae with relatively high abundances of heavier elements are called metal-rich when discussing metallicity, even though many of those elements are called nonmetals in chemistry.
Luis Pazos
Luis Pazos (born in Veracruz on 25 August 1947) is a Mexican economist, writer and politician. He has a degree in Economics and Administration from the Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (Monterrey TEC),  and a degree in Law from the Escuela Libre de Derecho in Mexico City.  He studied public administration at New York University (NYU).

Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education
Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (ITESM; Spanish: Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey), also known as the Technological Institute of Monterrey (Spanish: Tecnológico de Monterrey) or simply Tec, is a private research university based in Monterrey, Mexico. It has expanded to include 35 campuses across 25 cities in the country and 22 liaison offices in 15 other countries.

The university was founded in 1943 by Eugenio Garza Sada, who was educated at MIT in the United States. Eugenio Garza Sada was an industrialist and philanthropist from Monterrey.

ITESM was the first university outside the U.S. to establish an internet connection in the Western Hemisphere, linking the University of Texas at San Antonio directly.
W. Woodbury Wells
William Woodbury Wells (1860 – January 5, 1901) was a teacher, lawyer and political figure in New Brunswick, Canada. He represented Westmorland County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1892 to 1899 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Point de Bute, New Brunswick, the son of Charles C. Wells. Wells married a Miss Turner. He was principal of the Superior School at Port Elgin. Wells was admitted to practice as a barrister in 1893. He died in office in 1901.

Port Elgin, New Brunswick
Port Elgin is a formerly incorporated village in Westmorland County, New Brunswick, Canada. It is located near the Nova Scotia border at the mouth of the Gaspereaux River where it empties into the Northumberland Strait's Baie Verte. It is the government centre of the Strait Shores district, which is a rural community type of local government.
Revenue theory of cost
The revenue theory of cost, also referred to as Bowen's law or Bowen's rule, is an economic theory explaining the financial trends of American universities. It was formulated by American economist Howard R. Bowen (1908–1989), who served as president of Grinnell College, the University of Iowa, and the Claremont Graduate School.

The theory posits that costs at universities are almost entirely a function of revenue: universities raise as much money as they possibly can and then spend nearly the entirety of it in an attempt to increase prestige and quality of education. It follows from this that if universities are able to increase their revenue streams, costs will also rise, creating a revenue-to-cost spiral. The revenue theory of cost has thus been offered as an explanation for rising costs at universities, including rising tuition.

Claremont Graduate University
The Claremont Graduate University (CGU) is a private postgraduate research university in Claremont, California, United States. Founded in 1925, CGU is a member of the Claremont Colleges consortium which includes five undergraduate and two graduate institutions of higher education.

The university is organized into seven separate units: the School of Arts & Humanities; School of Community & Global Health; Drucker School of Management; School of Educational Studies; the School of Social Science, Policy, & Evaluation; the Center for Information Systems & Technology; and the Institute of Mathematical Sciences. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity."