hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
DeVry University
DeVry University (/dəˈvraɪ/) is a private for-profit university in the United States. It offers both onsite (campus-based) and online programs. The university was founded in 1931 by Herman A. DeVry and is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. It has been the subject of several government investigations and lawsuits alleging false or deceptive claims.

Student debt
Student debt refers to the debt incurred by an individual to pay for education-related expenses. This debt is most commonly assumed to pay for tertiary education, such as university.

The amount loaned or the loan agreement is often referred to as a student loan. In many countries, student loans work differently compared to mortgages with differing laws governing renegotiation and bankruptcy. As with most other types of debt, student debt may be considered defaulted after a given period of no response to requests by the school or the lender for information, payment, or negotiation. Afterward, the debt is turned over to a student loan guarantor or a collection agency.
MV Claymore
A number of motor vessels that have used the ship prefix M/V have been named Claymore, including:

MV Claymore II, a passenger-cargo ship, supplying Pitcairn Island from New Zealand and French Polynesia

MV Claymore (1955), David MacBrayne's last mailboat, serving the Inner Isles between 1955 and 1972

MV Claymore (1978), a Clyde car and passenger ferry between 1978 and 1997 for Caledonian MacBrayne

MV Claymore (2024), a roll-on/roll-off vehicle and passenger ferry currently under construction for Caledonian MacBrayne

YWAM Koha
YWAM Koha is a New Zealand-registered Medical Aid Ship, built in 1968 as the buoy tender Konrad Meisel for the German Government and later owned in South Africa as Isibane.  As the Claymore II she provided the essential transport links to the remote Pacific territory of Pitcairn Island from New Zealand and French Polynesia, part-funded by the British Government until 2018 when she was replaced by the Silver Supporter.
La Crescenta-Montrose, California
La Crescenta-Montrose (pronunciationⓘ) is an unincorporated area in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The community is bordered by Glendale to the south and west, La Cañada Flintridge to the east, and Angeles National Forest to the north. According to the United States Census Bureau, the La Crescenta-Montrose Census-Designated Place (CDP) measures about 3.4 square miles (8.8 km2), and the population was 19,997 at the 2020 census, up from 19,653 in 2010 and 18,532 in 2000.

Amtrak Thruway
Amtrak Thruway is a system of transportation services to connect passengers with areas not served by Amtrak trains. In most cases these are dedicated motorcoach routes, but can also be non-dedicated intercity bus services, transit buses, vans, taxis, ferry boats and commuter rail trains.

Train and Thruway tickets are typically purchased together from Amtrak for the length of a passenger's journey and connections are timed for guaranteed transfers between the two services.
Monument Circle Historic District
Monument Circle Historic District is a national historic district located at Warsaw in Wyoming County, New York. The district consists of 18 acres (73,000 m2) and includes a broad range of architecturally significant resources.  It encompasses 21 late 19th and early 20th century civic, religious, and domestic properties.  Highlights include the Soldiers and Sailors Monument (1876–1877), Warsaw Public Library (1905), Augustus Frank House (1849-1850), Wyoming County Courthouse (1937), County Sheriff's Office and Jail (ca. 1901), and United Methodist Church (1901–1902).

The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

Augustus Frank
Augustus Frank (July 17, 1826 – April 29, 1895) was an American merchant, railroad executive, banker and politician. He served as a United States representative from the U.S. state of New York during the American Civil War.
Fyodorovka, Fatezhsky District, Kursk Oblast
Fyodorovka (Russian: Фёдоровка) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Verkhnekhotemlsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Fatezhsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  13 (2010 Census); 34 (2002 Census);

Fatezhsky District
Fatezhsky District (Russian: Фате́жский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-eight in Kursk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northern part of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,281 square kilometers (495 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Fatezh. Population: 16,771 (2021 Census); 18,885 (2010 Census);  23,194 (2002 Census); 29,745 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Fatezh accounts for 28.0% of the district's total population.
Tučapy (Uherské Hradiště District)
Tučapy is a municipality and village in Uherské Hradiště District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.

Tučapy lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) west of Uherské Hradiště, 32 km (20 mi) south-west of Zlín, and 240 km (150 mi) south-east of Prague.

Zlín
Zlín (in 1949–1989 Gottwaldov; Czech pronunciation: [zliːn]; German: Zlin) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 75,000 inhabitants. It is the seat of the Zlín Region and it lies on the Dřevnice River. It is known as an industrial centre. The development of the modern city is closely connected to the Bata Shoes company and its social scheme, developed after World War I. A large part of Zlín is urbanistically and architecturally valuable and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Isolde Hausser
Isolde Hausser (née Ganswindt; 7 December 1889 – 5 October 1951) was a German physicist. She became the head of a department of the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research (then Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Medical Research) in Heidelberg in 1935.

Kaiser Wilhelm Society
The Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Advancement of Science (German: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften) was a German scientific institution established in the German Empire in 1911. Its functions were taken over by the Max Planck Society. The Kaiser Wilhelm Society was an umbrella organisation for many institutes, testing stations, and research units created under its authority.
Protopopivka, Odesa Oblast
Protopopivka is a village in Ukraine, in Odesa Raion of Odesa Oblast. The village has a population of 408 people. It belongs to Usatove rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Protopopivka is one of 15 villages in the Usatove (hromada). It is one of the villages established during the Constituency 139.

Until 18 July 2020, Protopopivka belonged to Biliaivka Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Odesa Oblast to seven. The area of Biliaivka Raion was merged into Odesa Raion.

Usatove rural hromada
Usatove rural hromada (Ukrainian: Усатівська сільська громада) is a hromada in Odesa Raion of Odesa Oblast in southwestern Ukraine. Population: 15,016 (2022 estimate)

The hromada consists of 15 villages:

Until 18 July 2020, the hromada belonged to Biliaivka Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Odesa Oblast to seven. The area of Biliaivka Raion was merged into Odesa Raion.
Castor (ship)
Several vessels have been named Castor for Castor, a star in the Gemini constellation:

Castor (1782 ship) was a merchantman launched in 1782. She made one voyage for the British East India Company (EIC). Her owners sold her in 1799. She was last listed in 1808.

Castor (1786 ship) was built at Delfshaven and launched in 1786. The British captured her at the capitulation of Saldanha Bay in August 1796. Because there was already an HMS Castor, they renamed her HMS Saldanha. After she arrived at Plymouth the Royal Navy fitted her as a receiving ship in November 1797; she was sold in 1806.

Castor (star)
Castor is the second-brightest object in the zodiac constellation of Gemini. It has the Bayer designation α Geminorum, which is Latinised to Alpha Geminorum and abbreviated Alpha Gem or α Gem. With an apparent visual magnitude of 1.58, it is one of the brightest stars in the night sky. Castor appears singular to the naked eye, but it is actually a sextuple star system organized into three binary pairs. Although it is the 'α' (alpha) member of the constellation, it is half a magnitude fainter than 'β' (beta) Geminorum, Pollux.
George Dixon Street
George Dixon Street (October 8, 1812– 1882) was a lawyer, judge and political figure in New Brunswick. He represented Charlotte in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1856 to 1857.

He was born in Calcutta, India, the son of Thomas George Street, who was the son of Samuel Denny Street, and was educated in England and St. Andrews, New Brunswick. Street studied law, was called to the bar in 1835 and set up practice in St. Andrews. In 1840, he was named registrar of probates and, in 1866, probate judge. Street was president of the Charlotte county bank and a director of the New Brunswick and Canada railway. In 1835, he married Susan, the daughter of Thomas Wyer.

Saint Andrews, New Brunswick
Saint Andrews  is a town in Charlotte County, New Brunswick, Canada. The historic town is a national historic site of Canada, bearing many characteristics of a typical 18th century British colonial settlement, including the original grid layout with its market square, and the classical architecture.

Although often shortened in non-official sources to St. Andrews, the town's legal name is spelt Saint Andrews, and appears as such on the town's website; St. Andrews by-the-Sea is a brand used for tourism purposes by the local Chamber of Commerce.

On 1 January 2023, Saint Andrews annexed the local service district of Bayside and Chamcook. Revised census information has not yet been released.
Sisakhani, Kavre
Sasakhani is a village development committee in Kavrepalanchok District in the Bagmati Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1,654 in 263 individual households.

Kavrepalanchok District
Kavrepalanchok District (Nepali: काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक जिल्ला; IAST: Kābhrepalāñcok pronounced [kabʱrepʌˈlant͡sok] ⓘ) also known as Kavre is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, with Dhulikhel as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,396 km2 (539 sq mi). It is a part of Bagmati Province and has a population of 364,039.

Nepal's Information Technology Park is also located in this district.
Theodore Wesley Koch
Theodore Wesley Koch (August 4, 1871 – March 23, 1941) was the Director of Northwestern University's library (1919–1941), and the Director of the University of Michigan Library (1905–1915).  He also held positions at the Cornell University Library and the Library of Congress.

Cornell University Library
The Cornell University Library is the library system of Cornell University. As of 2014, it holds over eight million printed volumes and over a million ebooks. More than 90 percent of its current 120,000 periodical titles are available online. It has 8.5 million microfilms and microfiches, more than 71,000 cubic feet (2,000 m3) of manuscripts, and close to 500,000 other materials, including motion pictures, DVDs, sound recordings, and computer files, extensive digital resources, and the University Archives.  It is the 16th-largest library in North America, ranked by number of volumes held, and the 13th-largest research library in the U.S. by both titles and volumes held.
Atwater Hill
Atwater Hill (66°11′S 66°38′W﻿ / ﻿66.183°S 66.633°W﻿ / -66.183; -66.633) is a hill in Antarctica, 2.5 miles (4 km) south of Benedict Point on the east side of Lavoisier Island, Biscoe Islands. It was mapped from air photos by the Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (1956–57), and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Wilbur Olin Atwater, an American physiologist who, with Francis Gano Benedict, perfected the technique for calorimetric measurement of metabolism.

British Antarctic Survey
The British Antarctic Survey (BAS) is the United Kingdom's national polar research institute. It has a dual purpose, to conduct polar science, enabling better understanding of global issues, and to provide an active presence in the Antarctic on behalf of the UK. It is part of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). With over 400 staff, BAS takes an active role in Antarctic affairs, operating five research stations, one ship and five aircraft in both polar regions, as well as addressing key global and regional issues. This involves joint research projects with over 40 UK universities and more than 120 national and international collaborations.

Having taken shape from activities during World War II, it was known as the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey until 1962.
Income tax in Scotland
Income tax in Scotland is a tax of personal income gained through employment. This is a tax controlled by the Scottish Parliament, both in terms of how it is spent and the setting of rates for its collection, and collected by HM Revenue & Customs. The Scottish Government receives the tax back from HM Revenue & Customs via HM Treasury. Since 2017, the Scottish Parliament has had the ability to set income tax rates and bands, apart from the personal allowance. Since this point, differences have developed between income tax rates in Scotland and those elsewhere in the UK.

In 2024, the Scottish Fiscal Commission (SFC) estimated that Income Tax revenue in Scotland will generate an estimate value of £20.5 billion in 2025–2026. The tax system in Scotland operates on a basis of high income households to low income households, meaning that higher earning households will pay more tax than those in lower earning incomes.

HM Revenue and Customs
His Majesty's Revenue and Customs (commonly HM Revenue and Customs) is a  department of the UK government responsible for the collection of taxes, the payment of some forms of state support, the administration of other regulatory regimes including the national minimum wage and the issuance of national insurance numbers.

HMRC was formed by the merger of the Inland Revenue and HM Customs and Excise, which took effect on 18 April 2005. The department's logo is the Tudor Crown enclosed within a circle.
Thomas Liu Le Lann
Thomas Liu Le Lann (born 1994 in Geneva, Switzerland) is a French artist who lives and works in Geneva. Thomas Liu Le Lann creates sculptures and installations in various techniques using fabric, glass, wood, photography, poetry and found objects.

Cosima von Bonin
Cosima von Bonin (born 1962) is a German contemporary artist whose practice includes sculptures, textiles, sound, film, and performances. Von Bonin draws inspiration from the intellectual, artistic, and musical culture of her neighborhood in Cologne, Germany, where she lives and works with her husband, Michael Krebber. She is known for being a political artist as well as by her humor, aquatic caricatures, and use of pop-culture characters, such as Daffy Duck.
1950–51 Svenska mästerskapet (men's handball)
The 1950–51 Svenska mästerskapet was the 20th season of Svenska mästerskapet, a tournament to determine the Swedish Champions of men's handball. The tournament was contested by all Allsvenskan teams and all District Champions, along with invited teams from Division II. 32 teams competed in the tournament. IK Heim were the defending champions, but were eliminated by Örebro SK in the quarterfinals. Division II team AIK won the title, defeating IFK Kristianstad in the final. The final was played on 18 March in Eriksdalshallen in Stockholm and was watched by 1,784 spectators.

Majornas IK
Majornas IK is a Swedish sport club from Gothenburg founded in 1916. The club is most famous for its handball team, who have been Swedish champions seven times (1935, 1940, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945 and 1946). Until 1964 they had played all seasons excluding one in the top flight, but have not played there since. They currently play in Division 4, the 6th level.

When the club started, it was mainly concentrated on association football, but the football section was discontinued in 2006 because of a lack of players. In 1928, the club took part in the creation of the Gothenburg district federation for bandy.
14th Floor Records
14th Floor Records is a British subsidiary record label of Warner Music UK, founded in 2002 by part owner Christian Tattersfield. The label has released albums by artists including:  Biffy Clyro, Damien Rice, David Gray, Longview, Mark Joseph, Nerina Pallot, Ray LaMontagne and The Wombats.

Tattersfield was named as CEO of Warner Music UK and Chairman of Warner Bros. Records UK on 6 August 2009.

The Wombats
The Wombats are an English indie rock band formed in Liverpool in 2003, consisting of Matthew Murphy (lead vocals, guitar, keyboards), Tord Øverland Knudsen (bass, backing vocals, keyboards), and Dan Haggis (drums, backing vocals, keyboards).

The Wombats released several EPs before working on their first full-length album Girls, Boys and Marsupials (2006), which was released only in Japan and featured some tracks that would reappear on their major-label debut studio album A Guide to Love, Loss & Desperation (2007). After releasing a self-titled EP in 2008 and touring for three years, they released the studio albums This Modern Glitch (2011), Glitterbug (2015), and Beautiful People Will Ruin Your Life (2018), all of which received mostly positive reviews. Their fifth album Fix Yourself, Not the World (2022) became their first No. 1 album, topping the UK Albums Chart within a week of release.
Sitka National Cemetery
Sitka National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of Sitka, Alaska. It encompasses 4.3 acres (1.7 ha), and as of the end of 2005 had 1,049 interments. It is administered as part of the Fort Richardson National Cemetery by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs.

Sitka, Alaska
Sitka (Tlingit: Sheetʼká; Russian: Ситка) is a unified city-borough in the southeast portion of the U.S. state of Alaska. It was under Russian rule from 1799 to 1867. The city is situated on the west side of Baranof Island and the south half of Chichagof Island in the Alexander Archipelago of the Pacific Ocean (part of the Alaska Panhandle). As of the 2020 census, Sitka had a population of 8,458, making it the fifth-most populated city in the state.

With a consolidated land area of 2,870.3 square miles (7,434 square kilometers) and total area (including water) of 4,811.4 sq mi (12,461 km2), Sitka is the largest city by total area in the U.S.
Amoss
Amoss is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David Amoss, American tobacco farmer

Jim Amoss (born 1947), American journalist, former editor of The Times-Picayune

Thomas M. Amoss (born 1961), American thoroughbred horse trainer

Ulius Louis Amoss (1895–1961), American intelligence officer

William H. Amoss (1936–1997), American politician

Jim Amoss
Walter James Amoss III (born October 22, 1947) is former editor of The Times-Picayune.  Under his leadership and that of the publisher, Ashton Phelps Jr., the paper won two Pulitzer Prizes in 1997 for public service and editorial cartooning, and in 2006 won two more Pulitzer Prizes for its coverage of Hurricane Katrina.
Ficus erecta
Ficus erecta (syn. Ficus beecheyana), the Japanese fig, is a species of flowering plant in the family Moraceae. It is found in the eastern Himalayas, Assam, Bangladesh, Vietnam, southern China, Taiwan, Jeju Island of South Korea, the Ryukyu Islands, and Japan. The species is a deciduous (or semideciduous) shrub or small tree, growing to a height of 2 to 7 m (7 to 23 ft), it is found alongside streams. It is reported to be dioecious, and produces small, sweet fruits that are 1.0 to 2.5 cm (0.4 to 1.0 in) in diameter. It is pollinated by the fig wasp Blastophaga nipponica.

Blastophaga
Blastophaga is a genus of wasps in the family Agaonidae (fig wasps) which pollinate figs or are otherwise associated with figs, a coevolutional relationship that has been developing for at least 80 million years. Pollinating fig wasps are specific to specific figs. The common fig Ficus carica is pollinated by Blastophaga psenes.

The common figs contain no gall flowers for the reception of wasp eggs, and the Blastophaga female moves from flower to flower, incidentally fertilizing them, but is prevented from depositing her eggs.  Worn out, the wasp perishes.  Any eggs she may have dropped also perish.
Sciodaphyllum seibertii
Sciodaphyllum seibertii is a species of plant in the family Araliaceae. It is a shrub or small tree native to Costa Rica and western Panama.

Sciodaphyllum seibertii is a small shrub or small tree, terrestrial or hemiepiphytic, growing from 1 to 5 meters tall. It flowers in March, April, June, October and November.

It is native to the highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama. The most collections are from the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. It grows in premontane to montane rain forests and cloud forests, from 1,100 to 1,700, and occasionally as low as 700, meters elevation.

Araliaceae
The Araliaceae are a family of flowering plants composed of about 43 genera and around 1500 species consisting of primarily woody plants and some herbaceous plants commonly called the ivy or ginseng family. The morphology of Araliaceae varies widely, but it is predominantly distinguishable based on its woody habit, tropical distribution, and the presence of simple umbels.

There are numerous plants of economic importance. Some genera, such as Hedera (the ivies), Fatsia (Japanese aralias) and Heptapleurum (formerly Schefflera, the umbrella trees), are used as ornamental foliage plants. The family also includes Panax ginseng, the root of which is ginseng, used in traditional Chinese medicine.
Calaveras County Airport
Calaveras County Airport (ICAO: KCPU, FAA LID: CPU), also known as Maury Rasmussen Field, is a public airport located four miles (6 km) southeast of the central business district of San Andreas, in Calaveras County, California, United States. It is owned by the County of Calaveras.

Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, Calaveras County Airport is assigned CPU by the FAA but has no designation from the IATA (which assigned CPU to Cururupu, Maranhão, Brazil).

Maranhão
Maranhão (/ˌmɑːrəˈnjaʊn/, MAH-rə-NYOWN; Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [maɾɐˈɲɐ̃w] ⓘ) is a state in Brazil. Located in the country's Northeast Region, it has a population of about 7 million and an area of 332,000 km2 (128,000 sq mi) and it is divided into 217 municipalities. Clockwise from north, it borders on the Atlantic Ocean for 2,243 km and the states of Piauí, Tocantins and Pará. The people of Maranhão have a distinctive accent within the common Northeastern Brazilian dialect. Maranhão is described in literary works such as Exile Song by Gonçalves Dias and Casa de Pensão by Aluísio Azevedo.

The dunes of Lençóis are an important area of environmental preservation. Also of interest is the state capital of São Luís, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Another important conservation area is the Parnaíba River delta, between the states of Maranhão and Piauí, with its lagoons, desert dunes and deserted beaches or islands, such as Caju island, which shelters rare birds.