hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Susannah Gunning
Susannah Gunning, née Minifie (c. 1740 – 28 August 1800) was a British writer and novelist. She and her family were the centre of a society scandal in 1791 which revolved around a suitor for her daughter, Elizabeth Gunning.

Duke of Argyll
Duke of Argyll (Scottish Gaelic: Diùc Earraghàidheil) is a title created in the Peerage of Scotland in 1701 and in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1892. The earls, marquesses, and dukes of Argyll were for several centuries among the most powerful noble families in Scotland.  As such, they played a major role in Scottish history throughout the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. The Duke of Argyll also holds the hereditary titles of chief of Clan Campbell and Master of the Household of Scotland.

Since 2001, Torquhil Campbell has been Duke of Argyll and is the thirteenth man to hold the title.
Walikale
Walikale is a town in the North Kivu Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).  It is the administrative center of the Walikale Territory.

Walikale is home to the largest tin deposits in the Congo and to some very large gold mines, as well. In particular, the Bisie mine is supposed to account for somewhere between 50 and 80% of tin exports from North Kivu. The control of Bisie mine is a main source of contention within the Congolese army, as it provides for upwards of $100,000 a month in taxes for local soldiers. This does not include the individual pits that some commanders control and or the kickbacks they get from trading houses.

Kickback (finance)
A kickback is a payment that partially offsets a larger payment in another direction. The term often connotes a secret or illegal payment, such as a form of negotiated bribery in which a commission is secretly paid to the person who arranges a deal. Generally speaking, the remuneration (money, goods, or services handed over) for a kickback is negotiated ahead of time.  The kickback varies from other kinds of bribes in that there is implied collusion between agents of the two parties, rather than one party extorting the bribe from the other. The purpose of the kickback is usually to encourage the other party to cooperate in the scheme.

The term "kickback" comes from colloquial English language, and describes the way a recipient of illegal gain "kicks back" a portion of it to another person for that person's assistance in obtaining it.
Tony Ryall
Anthony Boyd Williams Ryall CNZM (born 19 November 1964) is a former New Zealand politician. He represented the National Party in the New Zealand Parliament from 1990 to 2014. Between 2008 and 2014 he served as a cabinet minister, holding the posts of Minister of Health, Minister of State Services and Minister of State Owned Enterprises. He served previously in the Shipley Cabinet between 1997 and 1999. He announced in February 2014 that he was to retire from politics at that year's general election. He is chief executive of BestStart Educare, an early childhood education provider.

Minister of health
A health minister is the member of a country's government typically responsible for protecting and promoting public health and providing welfare spending and other social security services.

Some governments have separate ministers for mental health.
Visa requirements for Bulgarian citizens
Visa requirements for Bulgarian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Bulgaria. As of 2026, Bulgarian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 178 countries and territories, ranking the Bulgarian passport 11th overall in terms of travel freedom (tied with the passport of  Romania), according to the Henley & Partners Passport Index.

Henley Passport Index
The Henley Passport Index is an annual global ranking of countries according to the travel freedom allowed by those countries' ordinary passports for their citizens. It was launched in 2005 as Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index and was updated to Henley Passport Index in January 2018. The index is updated on a quarterly basis to reflect changes in global visa policies.

The index annually ranks 199 passports of the world by the number of countries that their holders can travel to without requiring a visa. The number of countries that a specific passport can access becomes its visa-free "score". The data is obtained from the International Air Transport Association (IATA)'s Timatic documentation requirements database.
Boloria thore
Boloria thore, the Thor's fritillary, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It occurs in damp places in the Alps, Fennoscandia, the south of European Russia, the Urals and east across the Palearctic to Siberia and Japan.

The wingspan is 28–34 mm. Seitz - A. thore Hbn. (68e). The nymotypical form of this species is easily recognized by the prevalence of black on the upperside. This colour predominates to such a degree as in other species is only the case in melanistic aberrations. Also the ground-colour of the underside is duller than in all the other Argynnis, the hindwing varying from dark brick-red to cinnamon-brown, only the median band being dark yellow. In the Alps, but at moderates heights in the forest region, not above 6000 ft. Also in the high North, Scandinavia and Finland. Northern specimens on the whole paler than alpine ones.

European Russia
European Russia is the western and most populated part of the Russian Federation. It is geographically situated in Europe, as opposed to the country's sparsely populated and vastly larger eastern part, Siberia, which is situated in Asia, encompassing the entire northern region of the continent. The two parts of Russia are divided by the Ural Mountains and Ural river, bisecting the Eurasian supercontinent. European Russia spans roughly 40% of Europe's total landmass, with over 15% of its total population, making Russia the largest and most populous country in Europe. The region is divided into six Federal districts.
740 Cantabia
740 Cantabia is a minor planet orbiting the Sun. It was discovered on 10 February 1913 at Winchester, Massachusetts by American amateur astronomer J. H. Metcalf. Cantabia is a contraction of Cantabrigia, Latin for Cambridge, named in honor of Cambridge, Massachusetts. It is orbiting at a distance of 3.05 AU with a period of 5.33 years and an eccentricity (ovalness) of 0.11. Between 2014 and 2021, 740 Cantabia has been observed to occult three stars.

This asteroid shows an exceptionally slow rate of spin. Photometry observations from two independent teams during 2009 were combined to generate a light curve showing a rotation period of 64.453 hours (2.69 days) with a brightness variation of 0.16±0.03 in magnitude. The spectrum is classified as type CX in the Tholen taxonomy. It spans a girth estimated at ~91 km.

Occultation
An occultation is an event that occurs when one object is hidden from the observer by another object that passes between them. The term is often used in astronomy, but can also refer to any situation in which an object in the foreground blocks from view (occults) an object in the background. In this general sense, occultation applies to the visual scene observed from low-flying aircraft (or computer-generated imagery) when foreground objects obscure distant objects dynamically, as the scene changes over time.

If the closer body does not entirely conceal the farther one, the event is called a transit. Both transit and occultation may be referred to generally as occlusion; and if a shadow is cast onto the observer, it is called an eclipse.

The symbol for an occultation, and especially a solar eclipse, is  (U+1F775 🝵).
Taekwondo at the 2023 Pan American Games – Women's 49 kg
The women's 49 kg competition of the taekwondo events at the 2023 Pan American Games in Santiago, Chile, was held on October 21 at the Contact Sports Center. A total of 14 athletes from 14 NOC's competed.

2023 Pan American Games
The 2023 Pan American Games (Spanish: Juegos Panamericanos de 2023), officially the XIX Pan American Games (Spanish: XIX Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Santiago 2023, were an  international multi-sport event governed by the Panam Sports Organization, held in Santiago, Chile from 20 October to 5 November 2023; preliminary rounds in certain events began on 18 October 2023. These are the first Pan American Games to be held in Chile, and the eighth to be held in South America.

The games were held in 39 venues across the Santiago Metropolitan Region and another three regions of Chile. The Pan American Games and the 2023 Parapan American Games were organized by the Santiago Organizing Committee for the 2023 Pan and Parapan American Games.
Kothagudem, Eluru district
Kothagudem is a village in Eluru district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is administered under of Eluru revenue division. Sitampet Rail Way Station and Bhimadolu Rail Way Station are the nearest train stations.

Eluru district
Eluru district is a district in coastal Andhra Region in  the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.  Eluru is its administrative headquarters. It is  formed from  from erstwhile West Godavari and  Krishna districts on 4 April 2022. It was restructured on 16 February 2023 with the transfer of Ganapavaram mandal to West Godavari district
Tim Wynveen
Tim Wynveen is a Canadian novelist. His 1997 debut novel, Angel Falls, won the Commonwealth Writers Prize for Best First Book. He subsequently published Balloon in 1999 and Sweeter Life in 2003.

Raised in Leamington, Ontario, he moved to Toronto in the 1970s to play music, his first passion. He was the guitar player for a while with Edward Bear and later Chris De Burgh from Ireland.

Leamington, Ontario
Leamington (/ˈliːmɪŋtən/ LEEM-ing-tən) is a municipality in Essex County, Ontario, Canada.  With a population of 29,680 in the Canada 2021 Census, it forms the second largest urban centre in Windsor-Essex County after Windsor, Ontario. It includes Point Pelee National Park, the southernmost point of mainland Canada.

Known since the 20th century as the "Tomato Capital of Canada", it is the location of a tomato processing plant owned by Highbury-Canco; founded in 1908, the plant was owned until 2014 by the H. J. Heinz Company. Due to its location in the southernmost part of Canada, Leamington uses the motto "Sun Parlour of Canada".
Cholinergic neuron
A cholinergic neuron is a nerve cell which mainly uses the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) to send its messages. Many neurological systems are cholinergic. Cholinergic neurons provide the primary source of acetylcholine to the cerebral cortex, and promote cortical activation during both wakefulness and rapid eye movement sleep. The cholinergic system of neurons has been a main focus of research in aging and neural degradation, specifically as it relates to Alzheimer's disease. The dysfunction and loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and their cortical projections are among the earliest pathological events in Alzheimer's disease.

Nerve growth factor
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophic factor and neuropeptide primarily involved in the regulation of growth, maintenance, proliferation, and survival of certain target neurons. It is perhaps the prototypical growth factor, in that it was one of the first to be described. Since it was first isolated by Nobel laureates Rita Levi-Montalcini and Stanley Cohen in 1954, numerous biological processes involving NGF have been identified, two of them being the survival of pancreatic beta cells and the regulation of the immune system.
Joseph Bailey (Sudbury MP)
Joseph Bailey (9 February 1812 – 31 August 1850), was a British Conservative Party politician. He was a member of parliament (MP) for Sudbury from 1837 to 1841, and for Herefordshire from 1841 to 1850.

His father was Sir Joseph Bailey, 1st Baronet, and his wife Maria (née Latham). He married Elizabeth Mary Russell (died 1897), daughter of William Congreve Russell, in 1839.

Herefordshire (UK Parliament constituency)
The county constituency of Herefordshire, in the West Midlands of England bordering on Wales, was abolished when the county was divided for parliamentary purposes in 1885. It was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England, then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1885.

The undivided county was represented from 1290 by two Knights of the Shire until 1832 and three thereafter. After the county was split two new county constituencies were created, the North division or Leominster and the South division or Ross.
Recombineering
Recombineering (recombination-mediated genetic engineering)  is a genetic and molecular biology technique based on homologous recombination systems, as opposed to the older/more common method of using restriction enzymes and ligases to combine DNA sequences in a specified order. Recombineering is widely used for bacterial genetics, in the generation of target vectors for making a conditional mouse knockout, and for modifying DNA of any source often contained on a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), among other applications.

Ligase
In biochemistry, a ligase is an enzyme that can catalyze the joining (ligation) of two molecules by forming a new chemical bond. This is typically via hydrolysis of a small pendant chemical group on one of the molecules, typically resulting in the formation of new C-O, C-S, or C-N bonds. For example, DNA ligase can join two complementary fragments of nucleic acid by forming phosphodiester bonds, and repair single stranded breaks that arise in double stranded DNA during replication.

In general, a ligase catalyzes the following dehydration reaction, thus joining molecules A and B:

A-OH + B-H → A–B + H2O
Snailbeach District Railways
The Snailbeach District Railways was a British narrow gauge railway in Shropshire. It was constructed to transport lead ore from mines in the Stiperstones to Pontesbury, where the ore was transshipped to the Great Western Railway's Minsterley branch line. Coal from the Pontesford coal mines travelled in the opposite direction. The line ended at Snailbeach, home to Shropshire's largest and richest lead mine.  Although there were plans to extend it further, which would have brought it closer to more lead mines, the extension was never completed.

Track gauge
In rail transport, track gauge is the distance between the two rails of a railway track. All vehicles on a rail network must have wheelsets that are compatible with the track gauge. Since many different track gauges exist worldwide, gauge differences often present a barrier to wider operation on railway networks.

The term derives from the metal bar, or gauge, that is used to ensure the distance between the rails is correct.

Railways also deploy two other gauges to ensure compliance with a required standard. A loading gauge is a two-dimensional profile that encompasses a cross-section of the track, a rail vehicle and a maximum-sized load: all rail vehicles and their loads must be contained in the corresponding envelope. A structure gauge specifies the outline into which structures (bridges, platforms, lineside equipment etc.) must not encroach.
Canton of Beuzeville
The Canton of Beuzeville is a canton of the département of Eure, in France. At the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015, the canton was expanded from 16 to 62 communes (2 of which were merged into the new commune Le Mesnil-Saint-Jean):

Beuzeville itself is about 10 miles from Honfleur, and 18 miles from Deauville. It has the sea to the North, and the Seine estuary to the East. Although just outside the département of Calvados, the production of the apple brandy known as Calvados is also produced there, and is the reason for the many apple orchards which are a distinguishing characteristic of the surrounding countryside. Agriculture and tourism are the main industries.

Calvados (department)
Calvados (UK: /ˈkælvədɒs/, US: /-doʊs, ˌkælvəˈdoʊs, ˌkɑːlvəˈ-/; French: [kalvados] ⓘ) is a department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. It takes its name from a cluster of rocks off the Normandy coast. In 2019, it had a population of 694,905.
Cristian Roldan
Cristian Roldan (born June 3, 1995) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a midfielder for Major League Soccer club Seattle Sounders FC, which he captains, and the United States national team.

Roldan was the 2013 Gatorade National Player of the Year while playing for El Rancho High School in Pico Rivera, California, and played collegiate soccer for the Washington Huskies. He was picked by the Sounders in the 2015 MLS SuperDraft and developed into a regular starting player for the club, with over 300 total appearances as of 2024.

Leagues Cup
The Leagues Cup is an annual soccer competition between clubs from Major League Soccer (MLS), the main soccer league in the United States and Canada, and Liga MX, the main soccer league in Mexico. It is hosted in Canada and the United States. It began in July 2019 with four teams from both leagues participating.  The first edition was a single-elimination tournament hosted in the United States with a final played in Whitney, Nevada, near Las Vegas, on September 18, 2019.

In 2023, the tournament was expanded to include all clubs from MLS and Liga MX, and now functions as a regional cup for CONCACAF between the top division leagues in Mexico and United States and includes MLS teams that are based in Canada. The top three Leagues Cup teams, regardless of nation, qualify for the CONCACAF Champions Cup, with the champions receiving a bye to the round of 16. In 2025, the tournament contracted to only include the 18 best MLS clubs from the previous season and all clubs from Liga MX.
Kim Duk-young
Kim Duk-young (Korean: 김덕영; born 12 September 1991) is a South Korean badminton player. Together with Jun Bong-chan, he won the 2015 Thailand International Challenge tournament after beat Indonesian pair in the final. He also won the 2015 Osaka International tournament in the mixed doubles event partnered with Eom Hye-won. Kim helped the Korean national team compete at the 2017 Sudirman Cup and won that tournament.

2017 Sudirman Cup
The 2017 Sudirman Cup (officially known as the  2017 Total BWF Sudirman Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 15th edition of the Sudirman Cup, the biennial international badminton championship contested by the mixed national teams of the member associations of Badminton World Federation (BWF), since its inception in 1989. The tournament was hosted by Gold Coast, Australia, between 21 and 28 May 2017. It was the first time this event was hosted outside Asia and Europe since its establishment in 1989.

The matches was played at Carrara Sports and Leisure Centre. It was the first time that Australia had hosted the tournament and the first time this event is hosted outside Asia and Europe since its establishment in 1989.

China was the defending champion. Korea defeated China 3–2 to win the tournament, which became the first Sudirman Cup title for Korea after 2003.
Mary A. Blood
Mary Ann Blood (July 10, 1851 – July 25, 1927) was a teacher of elocution and expression in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. She was the co-founder and first co-president of Columbia College Chicago.

Elocution
Elocution is the study of formal speaking in pronunciation, grammar, style, and tone as well as the idea and practice of effective speech and its forms. It stems from the idea that while communication is symbolic, sounds are final and compelling.

Elocution emerged in England in the 18th and 19th centuries and in the United States during the 19th century. It benefited men and women in different ways; the overall concept was to teach both how to become better, more persuasive speakers and standardize errors in spoken and written English. The beginnings of the formulation of argument were also discussed.
Manduca andicola
Manduca andicola is a moth of the family Sphingidae first described by Walter Rothschild and Karl Jordan in 1916. It is found from Central America to Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia and Argentina.

It is similar to Manduca lefeburii, Manduca incisa and Manduca jasminearum in having a relatively uniform forewing upperside with a conspicuous, rather diffuse dark band running from about midway along the costa to the outer margin and incorporating the discal spot.

Karl Jordan (zoologist, born 1861)
Heinrich Ernst Karl Jordan (7 December 1861 – 12 January 1959) was a German-British entomologist. He took a special interest in the taxonomy and classification of butterflies, beetles and fleas. Jordan was a founder of the International Congress of Entomology.
Diocese of Medak of the Church of South India
The Diocese of Medak is one of the prominent dioceses in the Church of South India, a united Protestant church with its headquarters in Medak comprising nearly 200 Presbyters ministering to Telugu, Lambadi, Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam, Hindustani (Hindi and Urdu), English and other linguistic groups numbering nearly 1/3rd> of a million spread over 105 pastorates and administered through 3 District Church Councils (DCC), namely, the Town DCC, the Medak DCC and the Godavari DCC geographically located in the erstwhile civil districts of Adilabad, Nizamabad, Medak, Rangareddy, Hyderabad and Mahboobnagar in Telangana.

Ranga Reddy district
Ranga Reddy district is a district in the Indian state of Telangana. The district headquarters is located at Kongara Kalan Village, Ibrahimpatnam Mandal. The district was named after the former deputy chief minister of the United Andhra Pradesh, K. V. Ranga Reddy. The district shares boundaries with Nalgonda, Yadadri, Hyderabad, Medchal–Malkajgiri, Nagarkurnool, Mahabubnagar, Sangareddy and Vikarabad districts.
Jagdgeschwader 6
Jagdgeschwader 6 (JG 6) Horst Wessel was a Luftwaffe fighter wing during World War II. Created late in the war as one of the last Jagdgeschwader, JG 6 fought on the Western and Eastern Fronts and in the Defence of the Reich over Germany. This period of the air war was characterised by few successes and heavy losses among the German fighter arm.

Wing (military unit)
In military aviation, a wing is a unit of command. In most military aviation services, a wing is a relatively large formation of planes. In Commonwealth countries a wing usually comprises three squadrons, with several wings forming a group (around 10 squadrons). Each squadron will contain around 20 planes.
Tooraneena
Tooraneena or Touraneena (Irish: Tuar an Fhíona, meaning ' apparently "Green of the Wine" ') is a village in west County Waterford, Ireland. It lies in the Sliabh gCua district between the Comeraghs and Knockmealdown Mountains. It may be accessed from the main R672 road between Clonmel and Dungarvan. It is about 20 km (12 mi) from Dungarvan and 19 km (12 mi) from Clonmel.

Knockmealdown Mountains
The Knockmealdown Mountains (Irish: Sléibhte Chnoc Mhaoldomhnaigh) are a mountain range located on the border of counties Tipperary and Waterford in Ireland, running east and west between the two counties. The highest peak of the range is Knockmealdown, in County Waterford. On the western side of the summit, the range is crossed by a high pass called ‘The Vee’ through which runs the old mail coach road from Lismore to Clogheen.

The mountains were formerly known as Sliabh gCua, sometimes anglicized 'Slieve Gua' or 'Slieve Goe'.
Kahaum pillar
Kahaum pillar is an 8 m (26 ft 3 in) structure located in Khukhundoo in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The pillar was erected in the 5th century during the reign of Skandagupta. The pillar has carvings of Parshvanatha and other tirthankars with Brahmi script.

Khukhundoo
Khukhundoo (old name is Kakandi Nagari), is a small town in the state of Uttar Pradesh in northern India, approximately 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) east of Deoria city near the border with Bihar state on Deoria Salempur road in Deoria district.