hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nikolay Veryovkin-Rakhalsky
Nikolay Andreevich Veryovkin-Rakhalsky (1893–1984) was a Soviet general. He fought in the Imperial Russian Army during World War I before going over to the Bolsheviks in the subsequent civil war. He was promoted to Komkor (corps commander) in 1939. He was a recipient of the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner, the Order of Kutuzov, the Order of the Red Star, the Order of the October Revolution and the Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky (Soviet Union). He was a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He retired in 1958 at the age of 65.

Order of Kutuzov
The Order of Kutuzov (Russian: орден Кутузова orden Kutuzova) is a military decoration of the Russian Federation named after famous Russian Field Marshal Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov (1745–1813). The Order was established during World War II to reward senior Red Army officers. The Order of Kutuzov has three classes and was retained by the Russian Federation after the Dissolution of the Soviet Union.
People's League (Alberta)
The People's League was a political organization in Alberta, Canada in the 1930s and 1940s.  It was a coalition of groups opposed to Alberta's governing Social Credit League, primarily the Alberta Liberal Party and the Conservative Party of Alberta.

Its candidates ran as "Independents" in the 1940 and 1944 elections and had some success. J. Percy Page and H. B. Macdonald were elected among the group's MLAs.

Howard MacDonald
Howard Burton MacDonald was a provincial level politician from Alberta, Canada. He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1944 to 1955. He held a seat in the electoral district of Calgary as an Independent and later a member of Social Credit.
Hamer v. Sidway
Hamer v. Sidway, 124 N.Y. 538, 27 N.E. 256 (N.Y. 1891), was a noted decision by the New York Court of Appeals (the highest court in the state), New York, United States. It is an important case in American contract law by establishing that forbearance of legal rights (voluntarily abstaining from one's legal rights) on promises of future benefit made by other parties can constitute valid consideration (the element of exchange generally needed to establish a contract's enforceability in common law systems), and, in addition, unilateral contracts (those that benefit only one party) were valid under New York law.

New York Court of Appeals
The New York Court of Appeals is the highest court in the Unified Court System of the State of New York. It consists of seven judges: the chief judge and six associate judges, who are appointed by the governor and confirmed by the state senate to 14-year terms. The chief judge of the Court of Appeals also heads administration of the state's court system, and thus is also known as the chief judge of the State of New York. The Court of Appeals was founded in 1847 and is located in the New York Court of Appeals Building in Albany, New York.
George Carter Whitmore Mansion
The George Carter Whitmore Mansion is a historic house in Nephi, Utah. It was built in 1898 for George Carter Whitmore, who founded the First National Bank of Nephi and served as a Democratic member of the Utah Senate from  1900 to 1908. The house was designed in the Queen Anne and Eastlake styles by architect Oscar Booth. Whitmore, his wife née Mary Elizabeth Hague, and their eight children, lived here until his death in 1917. It was inherited by one of his sons, George M. Whitmore. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since December 12, 1978.

Nephi, Utah
Nephi (/ˈniːfaɪ/ NEE-fy) is a city in and the county seat of Juab County, Utah, United States. It is part of the Provo–Orem metropolitan area. The population was 6,443 at the 2020 census. It was settled by George Washington Bradley and other Mormon pioneers.  George Washington Bradley was also commander of the military post at Nephi, Utah, during the Walker War of 1854. Nephi is the principal city in the Juab Valley, an agricultural area. Nephi was named after Nephi, son of Lehi, from the Book of Mormon.
Bahr Mill Complex
Bahr Mill Complex is a historic grist mill complex located in Colebrookdale Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania.  The complex includes the 2-story, plus basement, banked stone mill (1897); 2 2/2-story, stucco over stone farmhouse (c. 1820); 1-story, brick smokehouse (c. 1820); banked frame sawmill with a stone foundation (c. 1820); 2-story, stucco over stone store (c. 1820); two sheds (c. 1890); a shoemaker's shop (c. 1890); outhouse (c. 1920); stone bank barn (rebuilt c. 1880); and frame garage (c. 1930).  Also on the property are a contributing chicken house (c. 1850) and pig sty (c. 1890).  It is a family-run mill complex, run by the Gable family for over 175 years.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

Smokehouse
A smokehouse (North American) or smokery (British) is a building where meat or fish is cured with smoke. The finished product might be stored in the building, sometimes for a year or more. Even when smoke is not used, such a building—typically a subsidiary building—is sometimes referred to as a "smokehouse".  When smoke is not used, the term meathouse or meat house is common.
Ratto
Ratto is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cora Ratto (1912–1981), Argentine mathematician and educator

Daniele Ratto (born 1989), Italian cyclist

Guido Ratto (born 1999), Argentine footballer

Patricia Ratto (born 1962), Argentine writer

Ray Ratto, American sportswriter

Rossella Ratto (born 1993), Italian cyclist

Teresa Ratto (1877-1906), Argentine physician

Teresa Ratto
Teresa Ratto (1877-1906) was an Argentine physician. She was the second female doctor in Argentina, and the first from Entre Ríos Province. Ratto was the first woman accepted at the Colegio del Uruguay, and became the first woman to receive her bachelor's degree from there in 1895. She earned her medical degree in 1903 from the Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires. While studying there she began the Centro de Universitarias, one of the first feminist organizations in Argentina. As a doctor she became head of vaccination at the Asistencia Pública of Buenos Aires and later returned to Concepción del Uruguay to practice medicine there.

In addition to being a doctor she was a high school administrator.

The Chamber of Deputies of Argentina declared the year 2006 in tribute to Dr. Teresa Ratto.
2006 Pacific Life Open – Women's singles
Maria Sharapova defeated Elena Dementieva in the final, 6–1, 6–2 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2006 Indian Wells Masters.

Kim Clijsters was the reigning champion, but chose not to participate that year.

Yuliana Fedak
Yuliana Leonidivna Fedak (Ukrainian: Юліана Леонідівна Федак; born 8 June 1983) is a Ukrainian former tennis player.

Fedak has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 63, attained on 18 September 2006, and a career-high WTA doubles ranking of 34, achieved on 15 January 2007. She won six singles titles and eleven doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.

Fedak retired from tennis in 2011.
Piedmont Environmental Council
The Piedmont Environmental Council (PEC) is a Virginia-based non-profit organization headquartered in Warrenton, Virginia, United States. PEC's mission is to protect and restore the lands and waters of the Virginia Piedmont, while building stronger, more sustainable communities.

Piedmont region of Virginia
The Piedmont region of Virginia is a part of the greater Piedmont physiographic region, which stretches from the falls of the Potomac, Rappahannock, and James Rivers to the Blue Ridge Mountains. The region runs across the middle of the state from north to south, expanding outward to a width of nearly 190 miles at the border with North Carolina. To the north, the region continues from Virginia into central Maryland and southeastern Pennsylvania.
Repose (painting)
Repose (French: Le Repos, 'Rest') is an oil on canvas painting by French painter Édouard Manet, from c. 1871. It is held in the Rhode Island School of Design Museum, in Providence.

The painting is a portrait of the artist Berthe Morisot, a regular model, and renowned impressionist artist herself, who married Manet's brother, Eugène in 1874. She is wearing a white dress as she sits with a fan in her right hand on a red sofa, beneath a then-fashionable Japanese print (in this case The Dragon King Pursuing the Ama with the Sacred Jewel by Utagawa Kuniyoshi). Her gaze seems meditative and absent. There is a striking contrast between the light tone of her dress and the dark tones of the furniture and the serenity of the subject with the violent activity on the print that is exhibited above her head.

Manet himself described the work as a study in physical and psychological repose — “not at all in the character of a portrait.”

Utagawa Kuniyoshi
Utagawa Kuniyoshi (Japanese: 歌川 国芳, [ɯtaɡawa kɯɲiꜜjoɕi]; 1 January 1798 – 14 April 1861) was one of the last great masters of the Japanese ukiyo-e style of woodblock prints and painting. He was a member of the Utagawa school.

The range of Kuniyoshi's subjects included many genres: landscapes, women, Kabuki actors, cats, and mythical animals.  He is known for depictions of the battles of legendary samurai heroes. His artwork incorporated aspects of Western representation in landscape painting and caricature.
Group of Eighteen
The Group of Eighteen was a series of meetings of the Dutch political parties Christian Historical Union (CHU), the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP), and the Catholic People's Party (KVP) to explore the possibility of cooperation and ultimately forming a single Christian people's party. The first meeting took place on 24 April 1967 and the last on 22 September 1969. The discussions contributed to the formation of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) in 1980.

Catholic People's Party
The Catholic People's Party (Dutch: Katholieke Volkspartij, KVP) was a Catholic Christian democratic political party in the Netherlands. The party was founded in 1945 as a continuation of the interwar Roman Catholic State Party, which was in turn a successor of the General League of Roman Catholic Electoral Associations. The party was in government throughout its existence. In 1977, a federation of parties including the Catholic People's Party, the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) and the Christian Historical Union (CHU) ran together under the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) banner. The three participating parties formally dissolved to form the CDA in 1980.
Providence Grays
The Providence Grays were a Major League Baseball team based in Providence, Rhode Island who played in the National League from 1878 until 1885. The Grays played at the Messer Street Grounds in the Olneyville neighborhood. The team won the National League title twice, in 1879 and 1884.  Following the 1884 season, they won the World Series over the New York Metropolitans of the American Association.  The team folded after the 1885 season.

American Association (1882–1891)
The American Association of Base Ball Clubs (AA) was a professional baseball league that existed for 10 seasons from 1882 to 1891. Together with the National League (NL), founded in 1876, the AA participated in an early version of the World Series seven times versus the champion of the NL in an interleague championship playoff tournament. At the end of its run, several AA franchises joined the NL. After 1891, the NL existed alone, with each season's champions being awarded the Temple Cup (1894–1897).

During its existence, the AA was often simply referred to as "the Association" in the media, in contrast to the NL, which was sometimes called "the League". It was also sometimes called the "Beer and Whiskey League".
Paksey
Paksey (Bengali: পাকশী, romanized: Pakshee) is a town situated on the banks of the Padma River in Ishwardi Upazila–the westernmost Upazila of Pabna District in Rajshahi Division, Bangladesh.  Paksey is home to the Hardinge Bridge–a steel railway bridge named after Lord Hardinge who was the Viceroy of British India from 1910 to 1916. Paksey also serves as the western zone headquarters for the Bangladesh Railway. The road bridge, Lalon Shah Bridge, crosses the Padma at Paksey.

Rajshahi Division
Rajshahi Division (Bengali: রাজশাহী বিভাগ) is one of the eight first-level administrative divisions of Bangladesh. It has an area of 18,174.4 square kilometres (7,017.2 sq mi) and a population at the 2022 Census of 20,353,119. Rajshahi Division consists of 8 districts, 70 upazilas (the next lower administrative tier) and 1,092 unions (the lowest administrative tier).

The region has historically been dominated by various feudal Rajas, Maharajas and Zamindars. Formerly comprising 16 districts, a new division (Rangpur Division) was formed with the 8 northern districts of the old Rajshahi Division from early 2010.
Manuel Troncoso de la Concha
Manuel de Jesús María Ulpiano Troncoso de la Concha (3 April 1878 – 30 May 1955) was a Dominican politician and intellectual  who was the 38th president of the Dominican Republic from 1940 until 1942. Prior to ascending to the presidency, he was the 23rd vice president under President Jacinto Peynado from 1938 to 1940. Troncoso became president upon the resignation of Peynado. He also served in 1911 during the reign of the Council of Secretaries. He is also known in the Dominican Republic as Pipí.

Troncoso assumed the presidency after President Peynado resigned on 24 February 1940, a few weeks before dying on 7 March. Despite being the president, Troncoso had little power due to the fact that at the time, he was a puppet of Rafael Trujillo, the de facto leader of the country due to his position as generalissimo, the de facto head of state and head of government of the country at the time since Trujillo created that position in 1934.

Generalissimo
Generalissimo (/ˌdʒɛn(ə)rəˈlɪsɪmoʊ/ JEN-(ə-)rə-LIS-ih-moh), also generalissimus, is a military rank of the highest degree, superior to field marshal and other five-star ranks in the states where they are used.
Garessina
The Garessina or Muma is a breed of small sheep from the Garessina, the area surrounding Garessio in the province of Cuneo, in Piemonte in north-west Italy. It is raised principally in the valleys of the Tanaro, its affluent the Negrone, and the Casotto; it is not raised commercially, but kept as a family sheep. It has been influenced by Spanish Merino and French Alpine breeds. The wool is of fine quality. The Garessina is one of the forty-two autochthonous local sheep breeds of limited distribution for which a herdbook is kept by the Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia, the Italian national association of sheep-breeders.

Under the national Piano Sviluppo Regionale or regional development plan for 2000–2006, a subsidy was available for those who kept Garessina sheep; in 2004 it was claimed for 64 head. In 2013 the total number recorded for the breed was 110.

Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia
The Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia, or roughly "national association of pastoralists", is the Italian national body responsible for the administration of sheep- and goat-breeding. It maintains the herd books for more than a hundred indigenous breeds of sheep and goats. It records breed numbers and submits them twice yearly to DAD-IS, and keeps records for all breeders of sheep and goats in the country.
Nixon Williams
Nixon Williams was a professional accountancy firm based in the United Kingdom, providing accountancy and tax services, and is one of the UK's largest specialists in providing accountancy services to sole traders, partnerships, freelancers, and small private limited companies.

The firm was founded in 1995 by Alan Williams and Andy Nixon, with their surnames forming the name of the organisation. Since 2017, the firm has been a part of the Optionis Group, with its 66 members of staff continuing to work under the Nixon Williams brand.

Tax advisor
A tax advisor or tax consultant is a person with advanced training and knowledge of tax law. The services of a tax advisor are usually retained in order to minimize taxation while remaining compliant with the law in complicated financial situations. Tax advisors are also retained to represent clients before tax authorities and tax courts to resolve tax issues.
Jean-Jacques Gautier
Jean-Jacques Gautier (4 November 1908, Essômes-sur-Marne, Aisne – 20 April 1986) was a French theatre critic, novelist and essayist. A Norman via his father (a pharmacist in Dieppe) and a champenois via his mother, he was elected a member of the Académie française in 1972.

Theatre criticism
Theatre criticism is a genre of arts criticism, and the act of writing or speaking about the performing arts such as a play or opera.

Theatre criticism is distinct from drama criticism, as the latter is a division of literary criticism whereas the former is a critique of the theatrical performance. Dramas or plays as long as they stay in the print form remain a part of literature. They become a part of the performing arts as soon as the written words of the drama are transformed into performance on the stage or any arena suitable for viewers to see. So the literary craft gives birth to a stage production. Likewise a criticism of a written play has a different character from that of a theatre performance.
Gwyn Rowlands
Gwyn Rowlands (19 December 1928 – 30 April 2010) was an English-born rugby union wing, who played international rugby for the Wales national team. At club level he represented The London Hospital, London Welsh, Cardiff and the Royal Air Force.

London Welsh RFC
London Welsh Rugby Football Club was a rugby union club formed in 1885. Based in Old Deer Park, Richmond-upon-Thames, London Welsh RFC played in the English Premiership in the 2012–13 and 2014–15 seasons, after gaining promotion from the RFU Championship in the 2012 and 2014 play-off final. The club returned to Old Deer Park in 2015 after three seasons at the Kassam Stadium, Oxford.

The club went into liquidation in December 2016 and was given a temporary licence to complete two fixtures in the Championship. Chairman at the time Bleddyn Phillips claimed to have sold the club to a California-based investment group led by Welshman Trevor Owen Shaw, but no contract or funds ever materialised.

On 24 January 2017 it was announced that London Welsh had been removed from the RFU Championship and their results expunged. The RFU stated that their place in the league was "untenable" and the club were dissolved. The remnants of the defunct club were amalgamated into their amateur set up.
Urban studies
Urban studies is the transdisciplinary study of urban settlements and urban development—comprising the theory portion of the field of urban planning. Topics range from geography, sociology, anthropology, history, urban design and architecture, to public policy and politics, and their interrelations with community development. Urban studies is a major field of study used by  practitioners of urban planning, it helps with the understanding of human values, development, and the interactions they have with their physical environment.

Israel Zangwill
Israel Zangwill (21 January 1864 – 1 August 1926) was a British author at the forefront of Zionism during the 19th century, and was a close associate of Theodor Herzl.  He later rejected the search for a Jewish homeland in Palestine and became the prime thinker behind the territorial movement.
My Way (2011 film)
My Way (Korean: 마이 웨이) is a 2011 South Korean epic war film produced, co-written and directed by Kang Je-gyu. It stars Jang Dong-gun, alongside Japanese actor Joe Odagiri and Chinese actress Fan Bingbing. Set before and during World War II, the film follows a pair of rival marathon runners, one Korean and the other Japanese, who befriend each other as they are conscripted across the war's different fronts.

My Way is based on the story of Yang Kyoungjong, a Korean conscript who allegedly served in the Imperial Japanese Army, the Red Army, and the Wehrmacht before being captured by the United States Army during Operation Overlord. The film is one of the most expensive to have ever been produced in South Korea, with a budget of ₩28 billion (US$24 million).

The film was released in South Korea on 21 December 2011, but performed poorly at the box office due to high competition and received generally mixed reviews from critics.

Kim In-kwon
Kim In-kwon (Korean: 김인권; born January 20, 1978) is a South Korean actor. Known for playing memorable supporting characters, he starred in his first leading role in the sleeper hit He's on Duty (2010), followed by Almost Che (2012), Born to Sing (2013), and Apostle (2014).

Kim also directed and starred in the 2002 short film Shivski.
Alexandru D. Ionescu
Alexandru D. Ionescu is a mathematician and academic who serves as a professor of mathematics at Princeton University.

Ionescu's research primarily focuses on partial differential equations (PDEs) and mathematical physics. He is a fellow of the American Mathematical Society, a member of the American Academy of Sciences and Letters, and was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in 2022.

International Congress of Mathematicians
The International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) is the largest conference for the topic of mathematics. It meets once every four years, hosted by the International Mathematical Union (IMU).

The Fields Medals, the IMU Abacus Medal (known before 2022 as the Nevanlinna Prize), the Gauss Prize, and the Chern Medal are awarded during the congress's opening ceremony. Each congress is memorialized by a printed set of Proceedings recording academic papers based on invited talks intended to be relevant to current topics of general interest. Being invited to talk at the ICM has been called "the equivalent ... of an induction to a hall of fame".
Black Trail
The Black Trail (Ukrainian: Чорний шлях; Polish: Szlak czarny; Tatar: Dzorna islach) was one of three main trails used by Crimean Tatars in their destructive raids over southeastern regions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The trail was named either after black traces left by the Tatars on chernozem, or after Black Forest, a wooded area at the confluence of the Syniukha River into the Southern Bug, where Tatars concentrated their forces before a raid.

The Black Trail began in the swamps of the lower Inhul river. It went northwards to the Dnieper, and then towards the Dnieper Upland. Near Korsun, it split into two trails: northwest (to Kiev) and southwest (to Zbarazр).

Another trail used by Tatars in their destructive raids over the Commonwealth was the so-called Podole Trail, or Kuczman Trail. It stemmed from the Black Trail near the contemporary town of Voznesensk, and went towards Bar. Near Ternopil, the Podolian Trail merged with the Black Trail.

Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi
Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi (Ukrainian: Корсунь-Шевченківський [ˈkɔrsʊnʲ ʃeu̯ˈtʃɛnkiu̯sʲkɪj] ⓘ), Korsun until 1944, is a town in Cherkasy Raion, Cherkasy Oblast, central Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi urban hromada. The city lies on the banks of the Ros River. Population: 17,216 (2022 estimate).
Metlink
Metlink was the marketing body and umbrella brand for public train, tram and bus transport operators in Melbourne, Australia. On 2 April 2012, the operations of Metlink were transferred to the newly created public transport planning and management authority, Public Transport Victoria.

Department of Transport (Victoria, 2008–2013)
The Department of Transport (DOT) was the government agency responsible for the coordination, integration and regulation of the transport system in the State of Victoria, Australia.  The department generated planning, policy, and legislation for transport in Victoria. As a result, the department drove the integration of Victoria's transport land and water transport systems and the delivery of public transport, road and port services and associated activities across the State. The department's stated mission was "Building a safer, fairer and greener transport system for all Victorians to create a more prosperous and connected community."

The DOT was abolished and its functions absorbed by the new Department of Transport, Planning and Local Infrastructure in April 2013.