hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Tawergha
The Battle of Tawergha was a military engagement of the Libyan Civil War that began on 11 August 2011 when anti-Gaddafi forces based in Misrata advanced southeast along the road to Sirte in the early morning and attacked Libyan Army positions in the town of Tawergha. It ended on 13 August when rebel troops, after capturing the town, cleared it of snipers and artillery positions threatening Misrata.

Anti-Gaddafi forces
The Anti-Gaddafi forces, also known as the Libyan opposition or Libyan rebels, were NATO/Qatari-backed Libyan groups that opposed and militarily defeated the government of Muammar Gaddafi during the First Libyan Civil War in 2011, killing him in the process. The Anti-Gaddafi forces were represented by the National Transitional Council and their National Liberation Army, which claimed to be the "only legitimate body representing the people of Libya and the Libyan state". These opposition forces included organized and armed militia groups, participants in the Libyan Civil War, Libyan diplomats who switched their allegiance from the Gaddafi-led government, and Libyan military units that switched sides to support the protesters.
Ruffine Tsiranana
Ruffine Tsiranana (born February 13, 1939, in Ambohimarina, Mandritsara died February 23, 2019, in Paris) was a Malagasy politician.  She was a member of the Senate of Madagascar for Sofia Region. She was the daughter of the late President of Madagascar, Philibert Tsiranana, and the former First Lady of Madagascar, Justine Tsiranana.

Justine Tsiranana
Justine Tsiranana (c. 1918 – 1 July 1999) was a Malagasy public figure who served as the first First Lady of Madagascar from 1960 to 1972. She was the wife of the country's founding president, Philibert Tsiranana.

Tsiranana was born Justine Kalotody. Originally a seamstress descending from the first translator of the Evangile in Tsimihety language, she married Philibert Tsiranana on January 29, 1933, in a Catholic wedding ceremony in the village of Antsirabe, Mandritsara District. In addition to her role as the country's first First Lady from 1960 to 1972, Tisranana served as the honorary president of the Red Cross of Madagascar.

Justine Tsiranana died in July 1999 at the age of 81.

The award-winning red rose variety “Madame Tsiranana” was created in her honour by French rose nurser Paul Croix in 1970.
Maderas del Carmen
Maderas del Carmen is a biosphere reserve in the northern Mexican state of  Coahuila.

Maderas del Carmen encompasses part of the Sierra del Carmen, a northern finger of the Sierra Madre Oriental range. The reserve includes both dry Chihuahuan Desert shrublands and forested sky island, high-elevation enclaves of Sierra Madre Oriental pine-oak forest. The reserve is home to 400 bird species and 70 mammal species, including the American black bear (Ursus americanus), collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), and cougar (Puma concolor).

The region was designated a biosphere reserve in 2006. It is located in the municipalities of Ocampo, Acuña, and Múzquiz.

Múzquiz Municipality
Múzquiz is one of the 38 municipalities of Coahuila, in north-eastern Mexico. The municipal seat lies at Santa Rosa de Múzquiz. The municipality covers an area of 8,128.9 square kilometres (3,138.6 sq mi).

As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 62,710. 
Of these, 242 spoke an indigenous language, primarily Kickapoo and Nahuatl.

It is named for Melchor Múzquiz, President of the Republic in 1832, born in Santa Rosa in 1790.

Besides the seat, other towns of note include the coal mining town of Palaú (pop 16,000).
Knut Borge
Knut Conrad Borge (2 September 1949 – 9 April 2017) was a Norwegian journalist and entertainer.

Borge came from Bærum, and took upper secondary education with emphasis on economic subjects at Nadderud Upper Secondary School. He became a freelancer for the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation in 1973.

Among his shows were Borgulfsen, with Torkjell Berulfsen from 1984 to 1997, and Swing&Sweet, with Leif "Smoke Rings" Anderson from 1986 to 1999. He hosted the Spellemannprisen show several times.

From 2004 onward, he hosted a relaunch of the classical quiz show 20 spørsmål, which attained up to more than a million viewers. He worked as a jazz columnist and journalist for Verdens Gang from 1979-89, and for Dagens Næringsliv from 1990-95. His books include Det største siden Svartedauen from 1986, and Kjære Skrythals from 1994 (with Tore Skoglund).

Borge died on 9 April 2017, aged 67.

Bærum
Bærum (Norwegian: [ˈbæ̂ːrʉm] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Greater Oslo Region in Akershus County, Norway. It forms an affluent suburb of Oslo on the west coast of the city. Bærum is Norway's fifth largest municipality with a population of 128,760 (2021). The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Sandvika. Bærum was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838.

Bærum has the highest income per capita in Norway and the highest proportion of university-educated individuals. Bærum, particularly its eastern neighbourhoods bordering West End Oslo, is one of Norway's priciest and most fashionable residential areas. The municipality has been voted the best Norwegian place to live in considering governance and public services to citizens.
Tamara Milashkina
Tamara Andreyevna Milashkina (née Mirnenko; Russian: Тамара Андреевна Милашкина [Мирненко]; 13 September 1934 – 10 January 2024) was a Russian lyric and dramatic soprano. A member of the Bolshoi Theatre from 1958 to 1989, she also appeared at La Scala in Milan, throughout Europe and at the Metropolitan Opera. She focused on roles by Tchaikovsky such as Lisa in Pique Dame and Tatyana in Eugene Onegin. She was the first Soviet soprano to be trained at the studio of La Scala in Milan, and her Italian repertoire included Verdi's Leonora in Il trovatore, Elisabetta in Don Carlo and Aida, and Puccini's Tosca.

She often appeared alongside her husband, the tenor Vladimir Atlantov, on stage and in recordings. She made many recordings, including less frequently performed Russian operas such as Tchaikovsky's The Oprichnik and Rimsky-Korsakov's The Noblewoman Vera Sheloga, and videos of Dargomyzhsky's The Stone Guest, Rimsky-Korsakov's Sadko, and Pique Dame.

Music of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was a Russian composer especially known for three very popular ballets: Swan Lake, The Sleeping Beauty and The Nutcracker. He also composed operas, symphonies, choral works, concertos, and various other classical works.  His work became dominant in 19th century Russia, and he became known both in and outside Russia as its greatest musical talent.
Georg von Braun
Georg Gustaf Wilhelm von Braun (21 March 1886 – 23 August 1972) was a Swedish horse rider who competed in the 1920 and 1924 Summer Olympics. In 1920 he and his horse Diana finished eighth in the individual eventing competition and won a gold medal with the Swedish eventing team. Four years later he finished 19th in the individual jumping and was a member of the gold medal-winning Swedish team. He did not receive any medal for that at the time, but is listed as a gold medalist for that too on IOC's site.

Von Braun began his military training in 1904, and after 1906 served with the Gotland Artillery Corps. In 1920–21 he briefly worked as an Honorary Attaché at the Swedish Embassy in London. In 1930, being a captain, he was transferred to Karlsborg Artillery Regiment, and in 1933 to the Göta Artillery Regiment. He was a major then. In 1942 he joined Stockholm Anti-Aircraft Regiment and retired as a colonel in 1950. His son Detlow von Braun became an Olympic sailor.

Equestrian events at the 1924 Summer Olympics
The equestrian events at the 1924 Paris Olympics included eventing (individual and team medals), show jumping (individual and team medals) and dressage (individual medals). Vaulting was not included this year. The competitions were held from 21 to 27 July 1924. 17 nations fielded teams: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, USA, and Yugoslavia, with Germany not being invited. Of those 17 countries, only 5 fielded teams in all 3 disciplines: France, Sweden, Belgium, Switzerland and Czechoslovakia. A total of 97 entries and 126 horses competed. Horses in both the jumping and eventing competitions were required to carry at least 75 kilograms (165 lb).
Coundon railway station
Coundon railway station was a railway station that served the villages of Coundon and New Coundon in County Durham, North East England from 1885 to 1939. It was located on the Bishop Auckland to Ferryhill of the North Eastern Railway (NER), an extension of the earlier Byers Green Branch of the Clarence Railway (CR).

North East England
North East England, often referred to as simply the North East within England, is one of nine official regions of England. It consists of County Durham, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear and part of North Yorkshire. With 2.6 million residents in 2022, it is the least populous region of England. Its largest settlements include Newcastle upon Tyne, Sunderland, Middlesbrough, Gateshead, Darlington and Hartlepool. The North East is covered by two mayoral combined authorities: North East Combined Authority and Tees Valley Combined Authority. It is one of three regions, the other two being North West England and Yorkshire and the Humber, that make up Northern England.
KONO (AM)
KONO (860 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station in San Antonio, Texas. The station is owned by Cox Media Group, and airs a business news/talk radio format. KONO's studios are located in Northwest San Antonio near the South Texas Medical Center complex. The transmitter site with two towers is located on Creekview Drive, near the Salado Creek Greenway and Interstate 35.

KONO broadcasts with 5,000 watts, with a non-directional signal by day. Because AM 860 is a clear channel frequency reserved for CJBC in Toronto, KONO reduces power at night to 900 watts, using a directional antenna, to avoid interfering with other stations.

CJBC (AM)
CJBC (860 kHz) is a French language, non-commercial, public radio station in Toronto, Ontario. It is the Ici Radio-Canada Première Network's outlet for much of Southern Ontario. The studios are in the Canadian Broadcasting Centre on Front Street West in Downtown Toronto.

CJBC is a Class A station. It runs at 50,000 watts, the maximum power for Canadian AM stations. It uses a non-directional antenna. The transmitter is on Auburn Road in Milton near Ontario Highway 401. CJBC programming is heard on five rebroadcasters around Southern Ontario.
Netochka Nezvanova
Netochka Nezvanova (Russian: Не́точка Незва́нова) is an unfinished novel by Fyodor Dostoevsky. It was originally intended as a large-scale work in the form of a 'confession', but a background sketch of the eponymous heroine's childhood and adolescence is all that was completed and published. According to translator Jane Kentish, this first publication was intended as "no more than a prologue to the novel". Dostoevsky began work on the novel in 1848 and the first completed section was published at the end of 1849. Further work was prevented by the author's arrest and exile to a Siberian detention camp for his part in the activities of the Petrashevsky Circle. After his return in 1859, Dostoevsky never resumed work on Netochka Nezvanova, leaving this fragment forever incomplete.

The novel is in the style of a Bildungsroman, depicting experiences and emotions from Netochka's formative years, as recalled by her in maturity.

Bildungsroman
In literary criticism, a Bildungsroman (German pronunciation: [ˈbɪldʊŋs.ʁoˌmaːn] ⓘ) is a literary genre that focuses on the psychological and moral growth and change of the protagonist from childhood to adulthood (coming of age). The term comes from the German words Bildung ('formation' or 'education') and Roman ('novel').
Sir John Thomas, 1st Baronet
Sir John Thomas, 1st Baronet of Wenvoe Castle, Wenvoe Glamorganshire was Sheriff of Glamorgan in 1700.

Sir John Thomas was the eldest of the three sons of William Thomas, Esq. by his wife, Sarah Powell, the heir to John Powell of Flemingston Glamorgan. He married his distant cousin Elizabeth Ludlow nee Thomas, widow of Edmund Ludlow, 35 years his senior. While he had no issue, the marriage ensured the return of the two estates of Wenvoe Castle and Ruperra Castle to the Thomas Family. William Thomas was created a Baronet on 24 December 1694 with the remainder to his two brothers, Edmund and William. On Sir John's death in 1703 Edmund inherited the Baronetcy and married Mary Howe, daughter of John Grubham Howe with whom he had 2 sons, Edmund who became the third Baronet in 1723 and John who married Sophia daughter of Arnold van Keppel, 1st Earl of Albemarle.

Ruperra Castle
Ruperra Castle or Rhiwperra Castle (Welsh: Castell Rhiw'r Perrai) is a Grade II* Listed building and Scheduled Ancient Monument, situated in Lower Machen in the county borough of Caerphilly,  Wales. Built in 1626, the castle is in a ruinous condition as at 2023. Its grounds are listed on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.
Oles Chishko
Oles' Semyenovich Chishko (Ukrainian: Олесь Семенович Чишко; 1895–1976) was a Ukrainian and Russian Soviet composer and singer (tenor).

Oles' Semyenovich Chishko was born on 3 July 1895. He graduated from the Kharkiv Institute of Music and Drama (vocal) in 1924 and studied composition with Pyotr Ryazanov at the Leningrad Conservatory. Chishko was a soloist in the opera theatres of Kharkiv, Kiev, Odessa, and Leningrad. He was also the first performer of the roles of Pierre Bezukhov in War and Peace by Sergei Prokofiev, Kobzar in "Taras Bulba" by Lysenko, and Pyotr in "V plenu u yablon" by himself. His students included film composer Nadezhda Simonyan.

Solo (music)
In music, a solo (Italian for 'alone') is a piece or a section of a piece played or sung featuring a single performer, who may be performing completely alone or supported by an accompanying instrument such as a piano or organ, a continuo group (in Baroque music), or the rest of a choir, orchestra, band, or other ensemble. Performing a solo is "to solo", and the performer is known as a soloist.

The plural is soli or the anglicised form solos. In some contexts these are interchangeable, but soli tends to be restricted to classical music, and mostly either the solo performers or the solo passages in a single piece. Furthermore, the word soli can be used to refer to a small number of simultaneous parts assigned to single players in an orchestral composition. In the Baroque concerto grosso, the term for such a group of soloists was concertino.

An instrumental solo is often used in popular music during a break or bridge to add interest and variety to a part of the song without lyrics.
Enumerations of specific permutation classes
In the study of permutation patterns, there has been considerable interest in enumerating specific permutation classes, especially those with relatively few basis elements. This area of study has turned up unexpected instances of Wilf equivalence, where two seemingly-unrelated permutation classes have the same number of permutations of each length.

Advances in Applied Mathematics
Advances in Applied Mathematics is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal publishing research on applied mathematics. Its founding editor was Gian-Carlo Rota (Massachusetts Institute of Technology); from 1980 to 1999, Joseph P. S. Kung (University of North Texas) served as managing editor. It is currently published by Elsevier with eight issues per year and edited by Hal Schenck (Auburn University) and Catherine Yan (Texas A&M University).
Jean Hamon (philanthropist)
Jean Hamon (22 March 1935 - 18 October 2020) was a French developer and millionaire patron of the arts. He is notable as one of the builders of the La Défense area of Paris and (in 1990) temporary co-owner with the Labeyrie group of the Parisian cabaret L'Alcazar. He gave nearly 200 paintings and sculptures, with an estimated total value of 7.5 million Euros, which were going to become the foundational collection of a planned modern art museum on île Saint-Germain at Issy-les-Moulineaux, but he and they became entangled in the Fondation Hamon affair.

Île Saint-Germain
Île Saint-Germain (French pronunciation: [il sɛ̃ ʒɛʁmɛ̃]) is an island located in the Seine in Issy-les-Moulineaux in the département of Hauts-de-Seine near Paris, France. It once housed a military camp that was later abandoned, but the island was redeveloped in 1980. The island is divided into two parts. The developed side includes offices and a residential area. The other side includes a park that includes the Tour aux Figures (Tower of Figures) , a monumental sculpture by Jean Dubuffet. The Île Seguin is downstream.
Cape Maundy Thursday
Cape Maundy Thursday is an ice-capped headland in Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is located on Amund Ringnes Island 21 miles (34 km) northwest of  Cape Southwest. Cape Maundy Thursday rises to 845 metres (2,772 ft) above sea level.

Headland
A headland, also known as a head, is a coastal landform, a point of land usually high and often with a sheer drop, that extends into a body of water. It is a type of promontory. A headland of considerable size often is called a cape. Headlands are characterised by high, breaking waves, rocky shores, intense erosion, and steep sea cliff.

Headlands and bays are often found on the same coastline. A bay is flanked by land on three sides, whereas a headland is flanked by water on three sides. Headlands and bays form on discordant coastlines, where bands of rock of alternating resistance run perpendicular to the coast. Bays form when weak (less resistant) rocks (such as sands and clays) are eroded, leaving bands of stronger (more resistant) rocks (such as chalk, limestone, and granite) forming a headland, or peninsula. Through the deposition of sediment within the bay and the erosion of the headlands, coastlines eventually straighten out, then start the same process all over again.
Three Lock Box
Three Lock Box is the seventh studio album by the American rock vocalist Sammy Hagar, released on December 6, 1982 by Geffen Records. This album has appearances by Loverboy's Mike Reno, Journey's Jonathan Cain and Mr. Mister's Richard Page. It peaked at number 17 on the Billboard 200 album charts on April 9, 1983. His only top 20 solo hit, "Your Love Is Driving Me Crazy", reached #13 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1983 and #3 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock songs chart.

Geffen Records
Geffen Records (formerly The David Geffen Company from 1980 to 1992 and Geffen Records Inc. from 1993 to 2004) is an American record label owned by Interscope Geffen A&M (IGA), a division of the Interscope Capitol Labels Group, which is owned by Universal Music Group. It was founded in 1980 by David Geffen, as a music subsidiary of his then film company Geffen Pictures, with financial and distribution support from Warner Bros. Records.

In 1990, the label was sold to MCA Music Entertainment, which later became part of Universal Music Group (UMG) through acquisitions by Panasonic and Seagram. Since its merger into the Interscope Geffen A&M group in 1999, Geffen has served as a syndicate label within Interscope Records, expanding its catalog through the absorption of other imprints. It has operated as a key platform for new releases, especially following its 2003 expansion and 2017 relaunch. As of 2024, Geffen is part of Universal Music Group's Interscope Capitol Labels Group.
Patrick Graham (judge)
Sir John Patrick Graham (26 November 1906 – 5 December 1993) was a British barrister and High Court judge. A leading intellectual property law specialist, he sat in the Chancery Division of the High Court from 1969 to 1981, where he was senior Patent Judge.

The son of Alexander Graham, a Shrewsbury-based barrister, and Mary Adeline Cock, Patrick Graham was educated at Shrewsbury School and Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, where he read classics, then Law. Called to the Bar by the Middle Temple in 1930, he completed his pupillage with Lionel Heald in the chambers of Sir Stafford Cripps, which he joined. During the Second World War, Graham served with the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve and later at Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force. He was demobilised in 1945 with the rank of group captain.

Shrewsbury School
Shrewsbury School is a private school in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England.

It was founded in 1552 by Edward VI by royal charter, to replace the town's Anglo-Saxon collegiate foundations which were disestablished in the sixteenth century. It is one of the seven public schools in the UK subject to the Public Schools Act 1868 and one of the nine schools reviewed by the Clarendon Commission between 1861 and 1864. The school is notable for being the education site of renowned scientist Charles Darwin.

It was originally founded as a boarding school for boys. In 2008, however, girls were accepted in the sixth form. Since 2015 Shrewsbury School has been a co-educational school. As at Michaelmas Term 2023, Shrewsbury School had 842 pupils: 522 boys and 320 girls. The school has seven boys', and five girls' houses. Alumni of the school are known as Old Salopians.

The present school site, to which the school moved in 1882, is on the south bank of the River Severn.
The Years Between (film)
The Years Between (1946) is a British film directed by Compton Bennett and starring Michael Redgrave, Valerie Hobson and Flora Robson in an adaptation of the 1945 play The Years Between by Daphne du Maurier. It was shot at the Riverside Studios.

Riverside Studios
Riverside Studios is an arts centre on the north bank of the River Thames in Hammersmith, London, England. The venue plays host to contemporary performance, film, visual art exhibitions and television production.

Having opened in May 1976 (1976-05), the original building closed for redevelopment in September 2014 (2014-09). A new Riverside Studios reopened on its original site in August 2019. In March 2023, the Riverside Trust announced it was placing the theatre into administration because of debt incurred. In January 2025, it was announced that Riverside Studios had been purchased and will be operated by the Anil Agarwal Riverside Studios Trust.
Daniel Solod
Daniel Semyonovich Solod (Russian: Даниил Семёнович Солод; 1908 – 1988) was a Soviet diplomat and orientalist. He began working in the Soviet diplomatic corps in 1937. In 1940 and 1941 he served as officer at the Soviet embassy in Yugoslavia. He was then transferred to Iran, where he served as an officer at the Soviet embassy from 1941 to 1943. From 1944 to 1950 he was the Soviet consul to Egypt. He served as the Soviet envoy to Lebanon and Syria. From 1953 to 1956 he returned to Egypt, as the Soviet envoy (becoming ambassador in 1954). Returning from Egypt, he was put in charge of the Near East department at the Soviet Foreign Ministry. Between 1959 and 1962 he was the Soviet ambassador to Guinea. After returning from Guinea, he worked at the Africa Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union until 1970.

Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union
The Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union was the highest scientific institution of the Soviet Union from 1925 to 1991. It united the country's leading scientists and was subordinated directly to the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (until 1946 the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union).

In 1991, by the decree of the President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Russian Academy of Sciences was established on the basis of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.