hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Traffic Penalty Tribunal
The Traffic Penalty Tribunal is a tribunal in the United Kingdom which manages appeals against penalty charge notices or PCNs, a form of civil penalty, for areas in England outside of London. It was created by statute to fulfil provisions of the Traffic Management Act 2004, it is partly responsible to the PATROL joint committee, a collection of local authorities responsible for enforcing PCNs who make use of the traffic penalty tribunals adjudication process.

Decisions of the Traffic Penalty Tribunal can be challenged by judicial review. The appeal process is governed by the Civil Enforcement of Parking Contraventions (England) Representations and Appeals Regulations 2007 and The Civil Enforcement of Parking Contraventions (England) General Regulations 2007.

The tribunal handles roughly 25000 cases per year, the vast majority of appeals are handled virtually.

Tribunals in the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, a tribunal is a specialist court with jurisdiction over a certain area of civil law. Tribunals are generally designed to be more informal and accessible than 'traditional' courts.

They form part of the national system of administrative justice, with tribunals classed as non-departmental public bodies (NDPBs).

Examples of tribunals include employment tribunals, the Gender Recognition Panel, the Planning Inspectorate and the Company Names Tribunal.

Though it has grown up on an ad hoc basis since the beginning of the twentieth century, from 2007 reforms were put in place to build a unified system with recognised judicial authority, routes of appeal and regulatory supervision. The UK tribunal system is headed by the Senior President of Tribunals.
Henry B. Heller
Henry B. "Hank" Heller (August 14, 1941 – February 17, 2021) was an American politician from the state of Maryland. A Democrat, he represented District 19 in central Montgomery County in the Maryland House of Delegates from 1987 until 2011.

Montgomery County, Maryland
Montgomery County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, the county's population was 1,062,061, increasing by 9.3% from 2010. The county seat is Rockville, while its most populous place is Germantown. The county is adjoined to Washington, D.C., the nation's capital, and is part of the Washington metropolitan area and the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. Most of the county's residents live in Silver Spring, Bethesda, Germantown, and the incorporated cities of Rockville and Gaithersburg.

The average household income in Montgomery County is the 20th-highest among U.S. counties as of 2020.

The county has the highest percentage (29.2%) of residents over 25 years of age who hold post-graduate degrees. Like other counties in the Washington metropolitan area, the county has several U.S. government offices, scientific research and learning centers, and business campuses.
Wellington green gecko
The Wellington green gecko (Naultinus punctatus) is a species of gecko found only in the southern half of the North Island of New Zealand.  It was previously considered a subspecies of the Auckland green gecko, and together called the common green gecko.

The Wellington green gecko is much larger and more heavily built than the Auckland green gecko and can be distinguished by the yellow soles on its feet instead of grey-green.  It lives arboreally in scrub and forest areas, especially kanuka and manuka.  Although it hunts nocturnally, for moths and flies, it also likes to sun-bask.  It displays an aggressive behaviour, baring its open blue mouth and barking if provoked.

Kunzea ericoides
Kunzea ericoides, commonly known as kānuka or white tea-tree, is a tree or shrub in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to New Zealand. It has white or pink flowers similar to those of Leptospermum and from its first formal description in 1832 until 1983 was known as Leptospermum ericoides. The flowers have five petals and up to 25 stamens which are mostly longer than the petals.
Margaroniini
Margaroniini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Charles Swinhoe and Everard Charles Cotes in 1889, originally as family Margaronidae.: 613

The tribe comprises a number of economically impactful species whose caterpillars feed on agricultural crops. These species include the legume pod borer (Maruca vitrata), the jasmine moth (Palpita vitrealis) on olives, the cucumber moth (Diaphania indica), species of the genus Conogethes such as the yellow peach moth (C. punctiferalis), and the coconut leafroller (Omiodes blackburni). Furthermore, the box tree moth (Cydalima perspectalis) is included in this tribe.

Everard Charles Cotes
Everard Charles Cotes (1862 – 4 October 1944) was an English-born entomologist who worked at the Indian Museum in Calcutta. He later became a journalist after marrying the famous Canadian journalist, novelist and playwright Sara Jeannette Duncan. He published a number of scientific books and papers on entomology as well as two more journalistic books resulting from his travels.
Nanilla
Nanilla is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:

Nanilla delauneyi Fleutiaux & Sallé, 1889

Nanilla globosa Zayas, 1975

Nanilla terrestris Zayas, 1975

Nanilla tuberculata Fisher, 1935

Lamiinae
Lamiinae, commonly called flat-faced longhorns, are a subfamily of the longhorn beetle family (Cerambycidae). The subfamily includes over 750 genera, rivaled in diversity within the family only by the subfamily Cerambycinae.
Bread-and-butter plate
Bread-and-butter plate (B&B plate) is a small, about 6 inches in diameter, plate that holds bread and butter for an individual table setting. If a butter spreader is used, it is laid on top of the B&B plate, either vertically, horizontally, or diagonally.

The modern B&B plate is simply a smaller plate and has other uses, thus other names: side plate, quarter plate, cheese plate.

Table setting
Table setting (laying a table) or place setting refers to the way to set a table with tableware—such as eating utensils and for serving and eating. The arrangement for a single diner is called a place setting. It is also the layout in which the utensils and ornaments are positioned. The practice of dictating the precise arrangement of tableware has varied across cultures and historical periods.
2017 Tilia Slovenia Open – Doubles
Sergey Betov and Ilya Ivashka were the defending champions but only Ivashka chose to defend his title, partnering Aldin Šetkić. Ivashka lost in the semifinals to Lukáš Rosol and Franko Škugor.

Hans Podlipnik-Castillo and Andrei Vasilevski won the title after defeating Rosol and Škugor 6–3, 7–6(7–4) in the final.

Andrei Vasilevski (tennis)
Andrei Aleksandrovich Vasilevski (Belarusian: Андрэй Аляксандравіч Васілеўскі; Russian: Андрей Александрович Василевский; born 28 May 1991) is a Belarusian former professional tennis player. He has a career-high doubles ranking of World No. 52 achieved on 5 February 2018.
Vasilevski competed for the Belarus Davis Cup team starting in 2009.
As of 2024, he is the hitting partner for compatriot Aryna Sabalenka.
Ferrazzi
Ferrazzi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bill Ferrazzi (1907–1993), American baseball player

Cecilia Ferrazzi (1609–1684), Counter-Reformation Catholic mystic

Ferruccio Ferrazzi (1891–1978), Italian painter and sculptor

Keith Ferrazzi, American writer

Pierpaolo Ferrazzi (born 1965), Italian slalom canoeist

Cecilia Ferrazzi
Cecilia Ferrazzi (1609 – 17 January 1684) was an Italian Counter-Reformation Catholic mystic whose life was extensively involved with the establishment and maintenance of women's houses of refuge in seventeenth century Italy.
Woodring
Woodring is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Allen Woodring (1898–1982), American sprint runner

Harry Hines Woodring (1887–1967), American politician

Jim Woodring (born 1952), American cartoonist, fine artist, writer and toy designer

John Ross Woodring (1883–1946), a newspaperman, circus showman and farmer

Kyle Woodring (1967–2009), studio and concert drummer living in the Chicago, Illinois area

Mackenzie Woodring, American cyclist who won a gold medal at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, China

Peter Woodring (born 1968), retired U.S. soccer forward

Peyton Woodring (born 2004), American football player

Wendell P. Woodring (1891–1983), American paleontologist and geologist

Matthew Woodring Stover (born 1962), American fantasy and science fiction novelist

Wendell P. Woodring
Wendell Phillips Woodring (13 June 1891, Reading, Pennsylvania – 29 January 1983, Santa Barbara, California) was an American paleontologist and geologist. He gained an international reputation for his research on invertebrate fossils of the Tertiary and in the stratigraphy of the Tertiary in California, Central America, and the Caribbean.
Sibirganovo
Sibirganovo (Russian: Сибирганово; Bashkir: Себергән, Sebergän) is a rural locality (a village) in Kainlykovsky Selsoviet, Burayevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 34 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

Burayevsky District
Burayevsky District (Russian: Бура́евский райо́н; Bashkir: Борай районы, Boray rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic and borders with Yanaulsky and Tatyshlinsky Districts in the north, Baltachevsky District in the east, Mishkinsky District in the southeast, Birsky District in the south, Dyurtyulinsky District in the south and southwest, and with Kaltasinsky District in the west. The district is 1,820 square kilometers (700 sq mi). Its administrative center is in a rural locality (a selo) of Burayevo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 25,154, with the population of Burayevo accounting for 37.9% of that number.
Chemins de fer de l'Ouest
The Compagnie des chemins de fer de l'Ouest (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃paɲi de ʃəmɛ̃ də fɛʁ də lwɛst], lit. 'Western Railway Company', abbr. CF de l'Ouest), often referred to simply as L'Ouest or Ouest, was an early French railway company which operated from the years 1855 through 1909.

Argenteuil
Argenteuil (French: [aʁʒɑ̃tœj] ⓘ) is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 12.3 km (7.6 mi) from the center of Paris. Argenteuil is a sub-prefecture of the Val-d'Oise department, the seat of the arrondissement of Argenteuil. Argenteuil is part of the Métropole du Grand Paris.

Argenteuil is the fourth most populous commune in the suburbs of Paris (after Boulogne-Billancourt, Saint-Denis, and Montreuil) and the most populous one in the Val-d'Oise department, although it is not its prefecture, which is shared between the communes of Cergy and Pontoise.

Argenteuil shares borders with communes in 3 departements others than Val d'Oise : the Yvelines, Hauts-de-Seine, and Seine-Saint-Denis departements.
Sabanê language
The Sabanê language is one of the three major groups of languages spoken in the Nambikwara family. The groups of people who speak this language were located in the extreme north of the Nambikwara territory in the Rondônia and Mato Grosso states of western Brazil, between the Tenente Marques River and Juruena River. Today, most members of the group are found in the Pyreneus de Souza Indigenous Territory in the state of Rondonia.

Currently, there are fewer than five native speakers of the Sabanê language, with all the speakers being more than 50 years old. With no apparent transmission level, this language is considered as highly endangered when compared to the other two Nambikwara languages which have higher levels of transmission and preservation.

Tenente Marques River
The Tenente Marques River is a river of Rondônia and Mato Grosso states in western Brazil.

It was initially known as the Ananaz River, which was named by Cândido Rondon after a pineapple field that had encountered while exploring the area, but was later named after the explorer Tenente Marques after his death.
Membrane Protein Structural Dynamics Consortium
The Membrane Protein Structural Dynamics Consortium (MPSDC) is a large scale collaborative consortium composed of an interdisciplinary team of scientists who use biophysical and computational methods to understand how the structure and movement of membrane proteins determine their functions. The Consortium conducts research on membrane protein function of energy transduction in signaling (ion channels and receptors) and energy interconversion (transporters and pumps) from a mechanistic perspective. The project was funded in May 2010 by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences as a Glue Grant which supports the research of complex biological problems that cannot be solved by a single research group.  The MPSDC was largely spurred by the urgent, compelling need for high-resolution approaches to membrane protein structure and dynamics.

Ion channel
Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore. Their functions include establishing a resting membrane potential, shaping action potentials and other electrical signals by gating the flow of ions across the cell membrane, controlling the flow of ions across secretory and epithelial cells, and regulating cell volume. Ion channels are present in the membranes of all cells. Ion channels are one of the two classes of ionophoric proteins, the other being ion transporters.

The study of ion channels often involves biophysics, electrophysiology, and pharmacology, while using techniques including voltage clamp, patch clamp, immunohistochemistry, X-ray crystallography, fluoroscopy, and RT-PCR. Their classification as molecules is referred to as channelomics.
Breakdown (Tantric song)
"Breakdown" is the debut single by American post-grunge band Tantric and the lead single from their self-titled debut album. It is the band's most successful song, having reached number one on Billboard's Mainstream Rock Tracks, and helped the album achieve gold status in 2001.

Lyrically, "Breakdown" describes a high school student filled with resentment and self-disgust. The music video found substantial airplay on MTV2. In combination with the band's acoustic-heavy sound, "Breakdown" also utilizes a digital effect at the end of the chorus. The tightly produced arrangement makes for a well balanced ratio of hard rock and pop.

Guitarist Todd Whitener came up with the song while sitting in an Amsterdam hotel. He described the meaning behind "Breakdown" in an interview with MTV:

"That song's pretty much about being pooped on and realizing that life is going to move on and you just have to keep your head high. Things will work out in the end, as long as you stay positive".

Post-grunge
Post-grunge is a musical offshoot of grunge that has a less abrasive or intense tone than traditional grunge. Originally, the term was used derisively and indicated mid-1990s alternative rock bands such as Bush, Candlebox, Collective Soul, Live, Foo Fighters, and Silverchair, that emulated the original sound of grunge.

In the late 1990s, post-grunge became a more clearly defined style that combined the sound and aesthetic of grunge with more commercially accessible songwriting, rising to prominence that lasted into the 2000s. Bands such as Foo Fighters, Creed, Matchbox Twenty, 3 Doors Down, Puddle of Mudd, Nickelback, Seether, and Staind achieved mainstream success in this second wave. Some bands in this wave also had crossover with the alternative metal and nu metal genres.
William H. Gass
William Howard Gass (July 30, 1924 – December 6, 2017) was an American novelist, short story writer, essayist, critic, and philosophy professor. He wrote three novels, three collections of short stories, a collection of novellas, and seven volumes of essays, three of which  won National Book Critics Circle Award prizes and one of which, A Temple of Texts (2006), won the Truman Capote Award for Literary Criticism.  His 1995 novel The Tunnel received the American Book Award.  His 2013 novel Middle C won the 2015 William Dean Howells Medal.

The Paris Review
The Paris Review is a quarterly English-language literary magazine established in Paris in 1953 by Harold L. Humes, Peter Matthiessen, and George Plimpton.

The Review's "Writers at Work" series includes interviews with Ezra Pound, Ernest Hemingway, T. S. Eliot, Jorge Luis Borges, Ralph Ellison, William Faulkner, Thornton Wilder, Robert Frost, Pablo Neruda, William Carlos Williams, and Vladimir Nabokov, among hundreds of others. Literary critic Joe David Bellamy wrote that the series was "one of the single most persistent acts of cultural conservation in the history of the world."

The headquarters of The Paris Review moved from Paris to New York City in 1973. Plimpton edited the Review from its founding until his death in 2003.
1945 TANFL season
The 1945 Tasmanian Australian National Football League (TANFL) premiership season was an Australian Rules football competition staged in Hobart, Tasmania over fifteen (15) roster rounds and four (4) finals series matches between 5 May and 29 September 1945.

This was the first season of post-World War Two football and much work was undertaken by officials, members, supporters and players in re-establishing the competition after it was closed down at the end of the 1941 season due to the War.

This was also the first season of a new district-based competition, with four clubs – North Hobart, New Town, Hobart and Sandy Bay – competing and players selected on residential qualification.

Attendance
Attendance is the concept of people, individually or as a group, appearing at a location for a previously scheduled event. Measuring attendance is a significant concern for many organizations, which can use such information to gauge the effectiveness of their efforts and to plan for future efforts.
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (G)
The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (Dutch: Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, abbreviated: KNAW) is an organization dedicated to the advancement of science and literature in the Netherlands. The academy is housed in the Trippenhuis in Amsterdam. Founded in 1808, members are appointed for life by co-optation.

Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (Dutch: Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, abbr. KNAW) is an organization dedicated to the advancement of science and literature in the Netherlands. The academy is housed in the Trippenhuis in Amsterdam.

In addition to various advisory and administrative functions it operates a number of research institutes and awards many prizes, including the Lorentz Medal in theoretical physics, the Dr Hendrik Muller Prize for Behavioural and Social Science and the Heineken Prizes.
Frumoasa Monastery
The Frumoasa Monastery (Romanian: Mănăstirea Frumoasa) is a Romanian Orthodox monastery located at 1 Radu Vodă Street, in the Frumoasa neighborhood of Iași, Romania.

Built between 1726 and 1733, by Moldavian Prince Grigore II Ghica, the monastery is listed in the National Register of Historic Monuments.

National Register of Historic Monuments in Romania
The National Register of Historic Monuments (Romanian: Lista Monumentelor Istorice (LMI)) is the official English name of the Romania government's list of national heritage sites known as Monumente istorice. In Romania, these include sites, buildings, structures, and objects considered worthy of preservation due to the importance of their Romanian cultural heritage. The list, created in 2004, contains places that have been designated by the Ministry of Culture and National Patrimony of Romania and are maintained by the Romanian National Institute of Historical Monuments, as being of national historic significance.
My Name Is Asher Lev
My Name Is Asher Lev is a novel by Chaim Potok, an American author and rabbi. The book's protagonist is Asher Lev, a Hasidic Jewish boy in New York City. Asher is a loner with artistic inclinations. His art, however, causes conflicts with his family and other members of his community. The book follows Asher's maturity as both an artist and a Jew.

Potok asserted that the conflict between tradition and individualism is constant and that the tension between religious orthopraxy and art is lifelong. Potok was, as well as an author, a painter, and his personal struggle is apparent in his painting titled "Brooklyn Crucifixion." And yet despite this seemingly agonizing struggle, Potok remained active as an artist/writer and engaged in the religion of his upbringing until his death in 2002.

Potok continued Asher Lev's story in the book The Gift of Asher Lev.

Orthopraxy
In the study of religion, orthopraxy is correct conduct, both ethical and liturgical, as opposed to faith or grace. Orthopraxy is in contrast with orthodoxy, which emphasizes correct belief. The word is a neoclassical compound—ὀρθοπραξία (orthopraxia) meaning 'right practice'.

While orthodoxies make use of codified beliefs –  in the form of creeds –  and ritualism more narrowly centers on the strict adherence to prescribed rites or rituals, orthopraxy is focused on issues of family, cultural integrity, the transmission of tradition, sacrificial offerings, concerns of purity, ethical system, and the enforcement thereof.

In Hinduism, orthopraxy and ritualism are often interconnected. Judaism and Christianity are also considered both religions and orthopraxies, as they guide adherents in both practice and belief.
Lars Hattinen
Lars Paul-Erich "Lasse" Hattinen (16 May 1923 – 3 January 1961) was a Finnish World War II flying ace and a commercial airliner pilot. At the time, he was the youngest flying ace and he achieved 6 air victories with the Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 between 25 June and 30 July 1944. Hattinen is recognized as the only pilot who flew the Mörkö Morane, the plane's version developed in Finland. His three victories flying this plane were the only kills scored by the fighter. He had four regular victories flying Morane planes when he achieved his first Yak-1 victory in 1944. On his last flight, his plane caught fire, and he only barely survived with burns.

After the war, he worked as an airliner pilot for the Finnish flag carrier Aero O/Y. He was the pilot of the ill-fated Aero Flight 311 which crashed in Kvevlax in January 1961. The investigation revealed that Hattinen and his co-pilot, neither of whom survived the crash, had been drinking heavily the night before the flight.

Kvevlax
Kvevlax (Finnish: Koivulahti) is a church village in the municipality of Korsholm, Finland. It is located approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) north of the city of Vaasa. Kvevlax became an independent parish in 1857. Until 1 January 1973 it was an independent municipality. Kvevlax has a lower grade primary education school, a kindergarten, a running track, a football pitch and an ice rink. There are two local grocery shops, a library and a bank. It is located within the Eastern European Time Zone (GMT+2)
Wetetnagami Lake
Wetetnagami Lake is a body of freshwater crossed by Wetetnagami River in the eastern part of Senneterre in the RCM La Vallée-de-l'Or Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Abitibi-Témiscamingue, in province of Quebec, in Canada. This stretch of water straddles the townships of Labrie and Moquin.

Forestry is the main economic activity of the sector. With the creation of the Wetetnagami Lake Protected Biodiversity Reserve, recreational and tourism activities are being developed. This lake is the heart of this reserve.

The Wetetnagami Lake watershed is accessible via a forest road that passes north of the lake and one that passes south near Lake Cemetery. Its surface is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of April.

La Vallée-de-l'Or Regional County Municipality
La Vallée-de-l'Or (French pronunciation: [la vale də lɔʁ]) is a regional county municipality in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region in Northwestern Quebec, Canada. The seat is in Val-d'Or. It is named for its gold deposits in the Harricana River and Bell River valleys.