hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jim Burke (illustrator)
Jim Burke (born 1973 in Manchester, New Hampshire) is an American illustrator, painter, and educator.
Burke received his BFA from Syracuse University and his MFA from the University of Hartford. Burke has lectured at Syracuse University, The Norman Rockwell Museum, and the National Baseball Hall of Fame. He formerly instructed painting and illustration at Pratt Institute, and as a visiting artist at Syracuse University. He returned to New Hampshire in the Fall of 2009, when he was appointed Chairperson of the Illustration Department at the New Hampshire Institute of Art. In Fall 2016, Burke was appointed Assistant Vice President of Academic Affairs at the Minneapolis College of Art and Design, in Minneapolis, MN.

Pratt Institute
Pratt Institute is a private university with its main campus in Brooklyn, New York. It has an additional campus in Manhattan and an extension campus in Utica, New York at the Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute. The institute was founded in 1887 with programs primarily in engineering, architecture, and fine arts. Comprising six schools, the institute is primarily known for its programs in architecture, graphic design, interior design, industrial design, and fine arts.
Ice season in the Baltic Sea
The Baltic Sea ice season starts when the first ice has formed and ends when the last ice has melted, usually the first ice forms around November and the last remains melt in April or May. But the timeframe can vary from year to year depending on the weather conditions. The table below lists the ice statistics of each year since 1991, including: when the first ice formed, the maximum ice extent, the date of reaching the maximum ice extent and additionally the length of the ice season. The list is based on the Finnish Meterological Institute's data, which is made in collaboration with SMHI.

Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute
The Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (Swedish: Sveriges meteorologiska och hydrologiska institut, SMHI) is a Swedish government agency and operates under the Ministry of Climate and Enterprise. SMHI has expertise within the areas of meteorology, hydrology and oceanography, and has extensive service and business operations within these areas.
Arsenidosilicate
Arsenidosilicates are chemical compounds that contain anions with arsenic bonded to silicon. They are in the category of tetrelarsenides, pnictidosilicates, or tetrelpnictides. They can be classed as Zintl phases or intermetallics. They are analogous to the nitridosilicates, phosphidosilicates, arsenidogermanates, and arsenidostannates. They are distinct from arsenate silicates which have oxygen connected with arsenic and silicon, or arsenatosilicates with arsenate groups sharing oxygen with silicate.

Arsenidosilicates have dark coloured crystals, usually metallic black. They are often decomposed by water, and some are unstable with respect to the water in air.

These compounds have been investigated as ionic conductors, semiconductors and photovoltaics.

Arsenidogermanate
Arsenidogermanates are chemical compounds that contain anions with arsenic bonded to germanium. They are in the category of tetrelarsenides, pnictidogermanates, or tetrelpnictides.

Germanium forms two arsenides: GeAs and GeAs2.
2021 CONIFA No Limits Mediterranean Futsal Cup
The 2021 ConIFA No Limits Mediterranean Futsal Cup was the first futsal tournament organized by the Confederation of Independent Football Associations. It was hosted in Sanremo and won by the County of Nice national football team.

Sanremo
Sanremo, also spelled San Remo in English and formerly in Italian, is a comune (municipality) on the Mediterranean coast of Liguria, in northwestern Italy. Founded in Roman times, it has a population of about 53,000, and is known as a tourist destination on the Italian Riviera. It hosts numerous cultural events, such as the Sanremo Music Festival and the Milan–San Remo cycling classic. Italo Calvino, the most significant figure of 20th century Italian literature, spent his formative years here.
Gang Resistance Education and Training
Gang Resistance Education And Training, abbreviated G.R.E.A.T., provides a school-based, police officer-instructed program in America that includes classroom instruction and a variety of learning activities.

The program was originally administered by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) of the US Department of the Treasury; however, when the ATF was transferred to the United States Department of Justice, it became administered by the Office of Justice Programs of the Bureau of Justice Assistance.

Office of Justice Programs
The Office of Justice Programs (OJP) is an agency of the United States Department of Justice that focuses on crime prevention through research and development, assistance to state, local, and tribal criminal justice agencies, including law enforcement, corrections, and juvenile justice through grants and assistance to crime victims.

The Office of Justice Programs is headed by an Assistant Attorney General. Brent Cohen is the Acting Assistant Attorney General.  OJP's Assistant Attorney General is responsible for the overall management and oversight of the office.
Chief Minister of Fiji
The office of Chief Minister of Fiji was established by the British colonial authorities on 20 September 1967, along with the Cabinet system of government. This was part of an ongoing move to forge modern political institutions to prepare Fiji for independence, which was granted on 10 October 1970.

The Chief Minister, who was appointed by the colonial Governor, had to retain the support of a majority of the Legislative Council. As Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara's Alliance Party controlled a majority of the seats, he was appointed to this post, which was renamed Prime Minister upon independence.

Governor of Fiji
Fiji was a British Crown colony from 1874 to 1970, and an independent dominion in the Commonwealth from 1970 to 1987. During this period, the head of state was the British monarch, but in practice the functions of the crown were normally exercised locally by the governor prior to independence (on 10 October 1970), and by the governor-general prior to the proclamation of a republic on 7 October 1987.

From 1877 to 3 July 1952, governors of Fiji were also high commissioners for the Western Pacific.
Laukaan kirkonkylä
Laukaan kirkonkylä (lit. 'Laukaa church village'), historically known as Pellosniemi, is an urban area (a taajama) and the administrative center of the municipality of Laukaa, Finland. It is located between two lakes, Saraavesi in the east and the smaller Vuojärvi in the west.

Formerly a rural village formed on lands of the Pellosniemi vicarage, the modern urban area largely developed during the late 20th century. The regional road 637 (Jyväskyläntie) passes through the settlement.

The urban area, as defined by Statistics Finland, had a population of 8,332 on 31 December 2023. This definition includes Vihtavuori, which was still counted as a separate urban area in 2020.

Statistics Finland
Statistics Finland (Finnish: Tilastokeskus [ˈtilɑstoˌkeskus], Swedish: Statistikcentralen) is the national statistical institution in Finland, established in 1865 to serve as an information service and to provide statistics and expertise in the statistical sciences. The institution employs more than 800 experts from varying fields.

The institution is led by Director General Markus Sovala.
Haslefoot Bridges
Haslefoot Bridges (died about 1677) was an English Puritan minister, who was ejected from St Alban, Wood Street in 1662.

Bridges studied at St. John's College, Cambridge and has been described as "much admired, though of a reserved disposition."

Bridges was a signatory to "A seasonable exhortation of sundry ministers in London" and "To the Christian reader, especially heads of families" the latter being a document attached to the Westminster Standards.

Great Ejection
The Great Ejection followed the Act of Uniformity 1662 in England. Several thousand Puritan ministers were forced out of their positions in the Church of England following the Restoration of Charles II. It was a consequence (not necessarily an intended one) of the Savoy Conference of 1661.
Inverse benefit law
The inverse benefit law states that the ratio of benefits to harms among patients taking new drugs tends to vary inversely with how extensively a drug is marketed. Two Americans, Howard Brody and Donald Light, have defined the inverse benefit law, inspired by Tudor Hart's inverse care law.

A drug effective for a serious disorder is less and less effective as it is promoted for milder cases and for other conditions for which the drug was not approved. Although effectiveness becomes more diluted, the risks of harmful side effects persist, and thus the benefit-harm ratio worsens as a drug is marketed more widely. The inverse benefit law highlights the need for comparative effectiveness research and other reforms to improve evidence-based prescribing.

Side effect
In medicine, a side effect is an unintended effect caused by a medicinal drug or other treatment's capacities or properties, and these effects are often adverse but sometimes beneficial. Herbal and traditional medicines also have side effects.

A drug or procedure usually used for a specific effect may be used specifically because of a beneficial side-effect; this is termed "off-label use" until such use is approved. For instance, X-rays have long been used as an imaging technique; the discovery of their oncolytic capability led to their use in radiotherapy for ablation of malignant tumours.
Nugnugaluktuk River
The Nugnugaluktuk River is a stream, 26 miles (42 km) long, on the Seward Peninsula in the U.S. state of Alaska. It flows east from within the Nome Census Area to Goodhope Bay, about 37 miles (60 km) northwest of Deering in the Northwest Arctic Borough. The bay is on Kotzebue Sound of the Chukchi Sea. The entire course of the river lies within the Bering Land Bridge National Preserve.

The river's assigned name comes from the Inuit, as reported in 1903. In 1998, the Inupiat name was recorded as Liglignaqtuugvik.

Kotzebue Sound
Kotzebue Sound is an arm of the Chukchi Sea in the western region of the U.S. state of Alaska. It is on the north side of the Seward Peninsula and bounded on the east by the Baldwin Peninsula. It is 100 miles (160 km) long and 70 miles (110 km) wide.

Kotzebue Sound is located in the transitional climate zone, which is characterized by long, cold winters and cool summers. The average low temperature during January is −12 °F (−24 °C); the average high during July is 58 °F (14 °C). Temperature extremes have been measured from −52 °F (−47 °C) to 85 °F (29 °C). Snowfall averages 40 inches (1,016 mm), with total precipitation of 9 inches (229 mm) per year. Kotzebue Sound is ice-free from early July until early October.

The towns of Kotzebue, Kiwalik and Deering are on the shores of Kotzebue Sound. Kotzebue Sound was explored and named in 1816 by Baltic German Lieutenant Otto von Kotzebue while searching for the Northeast Passage in the service of Russia.
Gufo (horse)
Gufo (foaled February 28, 2017) is a retired American multiple Grade I turf-winning Thoroughbred racehorse. His Grade I wins include the Belmont Derby in 2020 and the Sword Dancer Stakes in 2021 and 2022.

Saratoga Race Course
Saratoga Race Course is a Thoroughbred horse racing track located on Union Avenue in Saratoga Springs, New York, United States. Opened in 1863, it is often considered to be the oldest major sporting venue of any kind in the U.S. It is the fourth oldest racetrack after Pleasanton Fairgrounds Racetrack (1858), Freehold Raceway (1854) and Fair Grounds Race Course (1852).

The racetrack is operated by the New York Racing Association.

The Saratoga meet originally lasted only four days. The meet has been lengthened gradually since that time. From 1962 to 1990, the meet lasted four weeks and began in late July or early August. In 2010, the meet expanded to 40 racing days, with races held five days per week. It lasts from mid-July through Labor Day in early September.
2015 World RX of France
The 2015 World RX of France was the ninth round of the second season of the FIA World Rallycross Championship. The event was held at the Circuit de Lohéac in Lohéac, Bretagne during 5–6 September 2015.

Circuit de Lohéac
The Circuit de Lohéac is a racing circuit in Lohéac, Ille-et-Vilaine.

The circuit is the oldest Rallycross circuit in France. Since 1976, it has a round of the French Rallycross Championship annually. The circuit also hosts the French round of the FIA World Rallycross Championship since the inauguration of the championship in 2014.
Muhammad Hashim Ortaq
Engineer Muhammad Hashim Ortaq, born 1955 (age 69–70), entered the Meshrano Jirga, the upper house of Afghanistan's National Assembly in 2005.
He represents Faryab Province.
He is a member of Junbish-e-Milli.

He has an engineering degree from Kabul University.

During the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan he was a senior security official in the Najibullah administration.

Kabul University
Kabul University (KU; د کابل پوهنتون/ دانشگاه کابل) is one of the major and oldest institutions of higher education in Afghanistan. It is in the 3rd District of the capital Kabul near the Ministry of Higher Education. It was founded in 1931 by King Mohammed Nadir Shah, whose prime minister at the time was his younger brother, Sardar Mohammad Hashim Khan. Approximately 22,000 students attend Kabul University. In August 2021, before the Taliban takeover, nearly half were female.
Alson Streeter
Alson Jenness Streeter (January 18, 1823 – November 24, 1901) was an American farmer, miner and politician who was the Union Labor Party nominee in the United States presidential election of 1888. He was also an early member of the National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry following its foundation in the 1860s and supported Granger Laws while in office.

Granger Laws
The Granger Laws were a series of laws passed in several midwestern states of the United States, namely Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Illinois, in the late 1860s and early 1870s. The Granger Laws were promoted primarily by a group of farmers known as The National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry.  The main goal of the Granger was to regulate rising fare prices of railroad and grain elevator companies after the American Civil War.  The laws, which upset major railroad companies, were a topic of much debate at the time and ended up leading to several important court cases, such as Munn v. Illinois and Wabash v. Illinois.

The railroads targeted by these laws, such as the Rock Island, Chicago & North Western, and the Milwaukee Road, are sometimes called "granger railroads."
Bakalia Government High School
Bakolia Government High School, Chattogrm Government (Bengali: বাকলিয়া সরকারি উচ্চ বিদ্যালয়), formerly known as Bakolia Government Laboratory High School, is a public secondary school, located in Bakalia in  Chittagong, Bangladesh. The school was established in 1967. The architectural design of Bakalia Government High School and the   Nasirabad Government High School is done by the same architect; moreover both schools were built in 1967. Boys and girls are split into two separate shifts in the school. Girls attend school in the morning shift while boys attend their classes starting from noon, which is known as day shift. The school has 32 teachers and more than 1580 students. It ranked 19th in the results of the 2015 Secondary School Certificate (SSC) examination in Chattogram Board; in the 2017 results, it was 9th among the schools in the board.
In 2020, Bakalia Government High School ranked 6th among schools of Chattogram in Secondary School Certificate exam.

Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Chattogram
The Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Chattogram (Bengali: মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা বোর্ড, চট্টগ্রাম, romanized: Madhyamik O Uccha Madhyamik Shikkha Board, Chattogram), also known as BISE, Chittagong is an autonomous organization in Chittagong, Bangladesh, mainly responsible for organization, control, supervision and development of secondary and higher secondary education and for holding public examinations (JSC, SSC & HSC) in the Greater Chittagong region including 5 districts of the Chittagong Division. The board started its operation in the year 1995 and took charge of schools of 5 districts, previously controlled by the BISE, Comilla. The board controls 1125 secondary and 279 higher secondary schools.
Takhtsinhji
Maharaja Raol Sir Takhtsinhji Jaswantsinhji GCSI KIH  (6 January 1858 – 29 January 1896), was Maharaja of Bhavnagar, a Rajput chief of the Gohil clan, and ruler of Bhavnagar state in Kathiawar. He succeeded to the throne of Bhavnagar upon the death of his father, Jaswantsinhji, in 1870.

Kathiawar
Kathiawar (Gujarati: [kɑʈʰijɑʋɑɽ]), also known as Saurashtra (Gujarati: [sɔɾɑʂʈrə]), is a peninsula in the south-western Gujarat state in India, bordering the Arabian Sea and covering about 61,000 km2 (23,500 sq mi). It is bounded by the Kutch district in the north, the Gulf of Kutch in the northwest, and by the Gulf of Khambhat in the east. In the northeast, it is connected to the rest of the state and borders on the low, fertile hinterland of Ahmedabad. It is crossed by two belts of hill country and is drained radially by nine rivers which have little natural flow aside from in monsoon months, thus dams have been built on some of these. Kathiawar ports have been flourishing centres of trade and commerce since at least the 16th century. It was formerly a state of India.
Gordon Stuart
Gordon Thomas Stuart (30 May 1924 – 22 July 2015) was a Canadian-born Welsh portrait artist, known for his portrayals of Dylan Thomas.

Stuart was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada and attended Ontario College of Art and Design.  He met Thomas in 1953 and completed an oil sketch of Thomas and three oil paintings, one in the National Gallery of Art in London, one at the State University of New York at Buffalo, and one located in the Uplands in Thomas's home.

Stuart also completed portraits of Jimmy Carter, Sir Kyffin Williams, Aeronwy Thomas, Sir George Martin, and Cliff Morgan.

Stuart served in the Canadian Army during World War II and after returning to Canada, later lived in Paris and London before settling in Wales.

Uplands, Swansea
Uplands is a suburb and community of Swansea, Wales.  It lies about a mile (2 km) to the west of Swansea city centre, and falls within the Uplands electoral ward. It is centred on the A4118 road, which links Swansea city centre and Sketty. The main road begins as Walter Road from the east, and becomes Sketty Road towards the west. Much of the area is hilly. The population of the community and ward in 2011 was 15,665 and in terms of Welsh identity had the lowest percentage in the county.
John Roy Site
The John Roy Site is a pre-Columbian archaeological site located roughly 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Clayton in Adams County, Illinois. The site consists of a Woodland period village site inhabited from roughly 450 to 650 A.D.; five burial mounds are also associated with the site. The site's upland location is uncommon for village sites from the period, which have mostly been located in river valleys. The location may have been affected by the development of plant cultivation at the time, and extensive seed deposits at the site provide insight into developing agricultural practices. In addition, preserved remnants of woven artifacts have been found at the site; such items are rare and may help explain how weaving developed during the period.

The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 22, 1978.

Adams County, Illinois
Adams County is the westernmost county in the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 65,737. Its county seat is Quincy. Adams County is part of the Quincy, IL–MO Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Star Island (Miami Beach)
Star Island is a neighborhood in the city of Miami Beach on a man-made island in Biscayne Bay, Florida, United States.  The island is south of the Venetian Islands and just east of Palm and Hibiscus islands.

Biscayne Bay
Biscayne Bay is a lagoon with characteristics of an estuary located on the Atlantic coast of South Florida. The northern end of the lagoon is surrounded by the densely developed heart of the Miami metropolitan area while the southern end is largely undeveloped with a large portion of the lagoon included in Biscayne National Park.

The part of the lagoon that is traditionally called "Biscayne Bay" is approximately 35 miles (56 km) long and up to 8 miles (13 km) wide, with a surface area of 221 square miles (570 km2). Various definitions may include Dumfoundling Bay, Card Sound, and Barnes Sound in a larger "Biscayne Bay", which is 60 miles (97 km) long with a surface area of about 271 square miles (700 km2).
Fayssoux Starling McLean
Fayssoux Starling McLean is an American country singer. Emmylou Harris says "I've always loved Fayssoux's voice. She's one of my favorite singers." Rodney Crowell says "Charm, elegance, whippoorwills and Magnolia dewdrops: these are the things that come to mind when I hear Fayssoux sing."

Kentucky Thunder
Kentucky Thunder, or Ricky Skaggs and Kentucky Thunder, is the band that plays with American country and bluegrass singer Ricky Skaggs.  Many members of the band have won numerous awards.  Bandleader Ricky Skaggs plays mandolin and is the lead vocalist. The group has won the Instrumental Group of the Year award from the International Bluegrass Music Association multiple times, as well as seven Grammy Awards.
1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid
1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (systematic name 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid) is a cyclic imino acid. Its conjugate base and anion is 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C). In solution, P5C is in spontaneous equilibrium with glutamate-5-semialdehyde (GSA).

Glutamate-5-semialdehyde
Glutamate-5-semialdehyde is a non-proteinogenic amino acid involved in both the biosynthesis and degradation of proline and arginine (via ornithine), as well as in the biosynthesis of antibiotics, such as carbapenems. It is synthesized by the reduction of glutamyl-5-phosphate by glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase. In solution in water, the aldehyde is in chemical equilibrium with (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid and this is the form in which many of its biochemical reactions occur.

Reduction of glutamic acid semialdehyde with sodium borohydride gives hydroxyaminovaleric acid.
Point 5310
Point 5310 is a mountain peak in the Chorbat La area in the vicinity of Kargil. It is located at a distance of about one kilometre on the Pakistani side of the LoC.  The peak located on the Pakistani side of LoC was captured in an operation by troops of the Indian Army on April 8, 2000.  Two Indian soldiers including a JCO Subedar Bharnam Singh were killed by an avalanche during the operation.  The operation was carried out by the 14th battalion of the Sikh Regiment.

The peak is of strategic importance because it enables the Indian Army to tactically control 12 square kilometres of Pakistani territory in Karubar bowl. Domination of this area also threatened the Pakistani posts opposite Turtok Sector from the rear. Some analysts see it as an Indian retaliation for the capture of Point 5353 on the LoC by Pakistani troops.

Kargil
Kargil (English: /ˈkɑrɡɪl/ KAR-ghil, Hindi: [kaːɾɡɪl]) or Kargyil is a city in Indian-administered Ladakh in the disputed Kashmir region. It is the joint capital of Ladakh, an Indian-administered union territory. It is also the headquarters of the Kargil district. It is the second-largest urban centre in Ladakh after Leh. Kargil is located 204 kilometres (127 mi) east of Srinagar in Jammu and Kashmir, and 234 kilometres (145 mi) to the west of Leh. It is on the bank of the Suru River near its confluence with the Wakha Rong river, the latter providing the most accessible route to Leh.