hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paramedics in Germany
Paramedics in Germany are the main providers of emergency care in emergency medical services in Germany. There exist two professional levels regulated by federal law, the Rettungsassistent (two year education, effective 1989 until 2013) and the Notfallsanitäter (three year education, starting 2014).

Both are able to provide the first level of pre-hospital emergency care. Additionally, they can get backup by an emergency physician on scene. Thus the German paramedic scope of skills include a set of advanced life support (ALS) treatments, which they have to perform until an emergency doctor is on scene. Then the paramedics (and other medical staff on scene) act under direct medical supervision of the physician.

Non life-threatening emergencies are handled solely by the paramedic ambulances without a physician on scene.

Other regulated qualifications in German EMS are Notarzt (emergency physician) and the more basic emergency technician level Rettungssanitäter.

Hauptschulabschluss
The Hauptschulabschluss (German: [ˈhaʊptʃuːlˌʔapʃlʊs]), Berufsreife or Berufsbildungsreife (German: [bəˈʁuːfsˌbɪldʊŋsˌʁaɪfə]) is a school leaving certificate in Germany. The Hauptschulabschluss may be awarded to students who graduate from a Hauptschule or Abendhauptschule. It may also be awarded to students who leave the Realschule, Gymnasium or the Gesamtschule after having successfully completed 9th or 10th grade (depending on the State of Germany).

Those who receive the Hauptschulabschluss may start an apprenticeship (Ausbildung) and enroll in a vocational school (Berufsschule) or they may also enroll in another school in order to receive other school leaving certificates such as the Mittlere Reife.
Dafydd ap Dafydd Llwyd
Dafydd ap Dafydd Llwyd (born 1549) was a Welsh poet. His father was Dafydd Llwyd ab Ieuan.

His works include poems written to Gilbert Humphrey of Cefn Digoll, Mont. (1596), Dr David Powel, Siôn Huws of Maes y Pandy, near Talyllyn, and also some Ymrysonau (bardic debates) between himself and Roger Cyffin (and also with Lewys Dwnn). He also wrote a number of religious and moral poems.

Thomas Lloyd is his great-grandson. David Lloyd is a relative, though the exact relation is unknown.

Humphrey Gilbert
Sir Humphrey Gilbert (c. 1539 – 9 September 1583) was an English adventurer, explorer, member of parliament and soldier who served during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I and was a pioneer of the English colonial empire in North America and the Plantations of Ireland. He was a maternal half-brother of Sir Walter Raleigh and a cousin of Sir Richard Grenville.
Diane Larsen-Freeman
Diane Larsen-Freeman (born 1946) is an American linguist. She is currently a Professor Emerita in Education and in Linguistics at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan. An applied linguist, known for her work in second language acquisition, English as a second or foreign language, language teaching methods, teacher education, and English grammar, she is renowned for her work on the complex/dynamic systems approach to second language development.

Language education
Language education refers to the processes and practices of teaching a second or foreign language. Its study reflects interdisciplinary approaches, usually including some applied linguistics. There are four main learning categories for language education: communicative competencies, proficiencies, cross-cultural experiences, and multiple literacies.
Daniel Goldstein
Daniel G. Goldstein (born 1969) is an American cognitive psychologist known for the specification and testing of heuristics and models of bounded rationality in the field of judgment and decision making. He is an honorary research fellow at London Business School and works with Microsoft Research as a principal researcher.

Heuristic
A heuristic or heuristic technique (problem solving, mental shortcut, rule of thumb) is any approach to problem solving that employs a pragmatic method that is not fully optimized, perfected, or rationalized, but is nevertheless "good enough" as an approximation or attribute substitution. Where finding an optimal solution is impossible or impractical, heuristic methods can be used to speed up the process of finding a satisfactory solution. Heuristics can be mental shortcuts that ease the cognitive load of making a decision.

Heuristic reasoning is often based on induction, or on analogy ... Induction is the process of discovering general laws ... Induction tries to find regularity and coherence ... Its most conspicuous instruments are generalization, specialization, analogy. [...] Heuristic discusses human behavior in the face of problems [... that have been] preserved in the wisdom of proverbs.
Pan American Men's Club Handball Championship
The Pan American Men's Club Handball Championship, organized by the Pan-American Team Handball Federation, was the official competition for men's handball clubs of Americas, and took place every year. In addition to crowning the Pan American champions, the tournament also served as a qualifying tournament for the IHF Super Globe.
After 2018, with the division of the Pan-American Federation into North America and the Caribbean Handball Confederation and South and Central America Handball Confederation, the competition was ended.

South and Central America Handball Confederation
The South and Central America Handball Confederation (SCAHC) (Spanish: Confederación Sur y Centro Americana de Balonmano (COSCABAL)) is the governing body of the Olympic sport of Handball and Beach handball in South America and Central America. It is affiliated to the International Handball Federation (IHF).

SCAHC has 19 members countries located within the South America and Central America. One of IHF's six continental confederations, the SCAHC was formed officially on 5 April 2019 in Cali (Colombia). The SCAHC headquarter is located in Santiago de Chile (Chile).
Hendra Sandi Gunawan
Hendra Sandi Gunawan (born 10 February 1995) is an Indonesian former footballer. Previously, he played for Bali United, Sriwijaya and Persiba Balikpapan in the Liga 1. He is part of the national team squad of Indonesia U-19.

Bali United F.C.
Bali United Football Club (Indonesian: klub sepak bola Bali United; Balinese: ᬓ᭄ᬮᬸᬩ᭄ᬲᬾᬧᬓ᭄ᬩᭀᬮᬩᬮᬶᬉᬦᬶᬢᬾᬤ᭄, æklub’ sépak bola Bali United) is an Indonesian professional football club based in Gianyar, Bali. It competes in Super League, the top tier of Indonesian football. The club was founded in 2015 following the relocation and rebranding of Putra Samarinda, adopting its current name, badge, and colours. Bali United won its first top-tier Indonesian league title in 2019 and secured a second title in 2021–22.

The team plays home matches at Kapten I Wayan Dipta Stadium and operates a professional training facility and youth academy. Bali United became the first professional football club in Indonesia and Southeast Asia to be publicly traded, offering shares through the Indonesia Stock Exchange in June 2019. The club has also competed in continental competitions such as the AFC Champions League and AFC Cup.
Sowczyce
Sowczyce [sɔfˈt͡ʂɨt͡sɛ] (German: Schoffschütz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Olesno, within Olesno County, Opole Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

The name of the village is of Polish origin and comes from the word sowa, which means "owl".

Owl
Owls are birds from the order Strigiformes (/ˈstrɪdʒəfɔːrmiːz/), which includes over 200 species of mostly solitary and nocturnal birds of prey typified by an upright stance, a large, broad head, binocular vision, binaural hearing, sharp talons, and feathers adapted for silent flight. Exceptions include the diurnal northern hawk-owl and the gregarious burrowing owl.

Owls are divided into two families: the true (or typical) owl family, Strigidae, and the barn owl and bay owl family, Tytonidae. Owls hunt mostly small mammals, insects, and other birds, although a few species specialize in hunting fish. They are found in all regions of the Earth except the polar ice caps and some remote islands.

A group of owls is called a "parliament".
Dufour River
The Dufour River (in French: rivière Dufour) is a tributary of the east bank of the Kamouraska River, which empties on the south bank of the Saint Lawrence river two km east of the center of the village of Kamouraska.

The Dufour river flows in the municipalities of Saint-Philippe-de-Néri and Saint-Pascal, in the Kamouraska Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Bas-Saint-Laurent, in province of Quebec, in Canada.

Commission de toponymie du Québec
The Commission de toponymie du Québec (French pronunciation: [kɔmisjɔ̃ də tɔpɔnimi dy kebɛk], Toponymy Commission of Québec) is the Government of Québec's public body responsible for cataloging, preserving, making official and publicizing Québec's place names and their origins according to the province's toponymy rules. 
It also provides recommendations to the government with regard to toponymic changes.

Its mandate covers the namings of:

natural geographical features (lakes, rivers, mountains, etc.)

constructed features (dams, embankments, bridges, etc.)

administrative units (wildlife sanctuaries, administrative regions, parks, etc.)

inhabited areas (villages, towns, Indian reserves, etc.)

roadways (streets, roads, boulevards, etc.)

A child agency of the Office québécois de la langue française, it was created in 1977 through jurisdiction defined in the Charter of the French Language to replace the Commission of Geography, created in 1912.
Habibti
Habibti (foaled March 1980) was an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred  racehorse and broodmare who was one of the highest-rated sprinters in European racing history. Habibti was unbeaten as a two-year-old, winning the Group Two Lowther Stakes in England and the Moyglare Stud Stakes in Ireland. In early 1983 she was campaigned over longer distances without success before being switched to sprinting in summer. She won her remaining four races that season, taking the July Cup at Newmarket, the William Hill Sprint Championship at York, the Vernons Sprint Cup at Haydock Park and the Prix de l'Abbaye at Longchamp Racecourse. At the end of the season she was named Britain's Horse of the Year and was rated the best three-year-old filly of the last thirty-six years by Timeform. Habibti was less successful when kept in training at four, but did win the King's Stand Stakes at Royal Ascot. At the end of 1984 she was retired to stud, where she had little success as a producer of winners.

Prix de l'Abbaye de Longchamp
The Prix de l'Abbaye de Longchamp is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbreds aged two years or older. It is run at Longchamp over a distance of 1,000 metres (about 5 furlongs), and it is scheduled to take place each year in early October.
Austin Swift
Austin Kingsley Swift (born March 11, 1992) is an American music executive, producer, and actor who has appeared in films such as Live by Night and I.T. (both 2016). The younger brother of singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, he has appeared in and produced several of her music videos, and manages elements of her music licensing for multimedia uses.

Swift was born in West Reading, Pennsylvania. He graduated from the University of Notre Dame in 2015, studying film and acting in plays. Swift interned at Lionsgate and made his film debut in the 2016 thriller I.T. Swift has appeared in various films and TV shows, including Embeds, Still the King, Cover Versions, Braking for Whales, and We Summon the Darkness.

Music licensing
Music licensing is the licensed use of copyrighted music. Music licensing is intended to ensure that the owners of copyrights on musical works are compensated for certain uses of their work. A purchaser has limited rights to use the work without a separate agreement.
Benzoate degradation via hydroxylation
Benzoate degradation via hydroxylation is an enzyme-catalyzed, bacterial chemical reaction. Benzoate is degraded aerobically and anaerobically. Aerobic degradation forms catechol. Anaerobic degradation forms cyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonylCoA. A hybrid degradation forms Acetyl-CoA and Succinyl-CoA.

Benzoic acid
Benzoic acid (/bɛnˈzoʊ.ɪk/) is a white or colorless crystalline organic compound with the formula C6H5COOH, whose structure consists of a benzene ring (C6H6) with a carboxyl (−C(=O)OH) substituent. The benzoyl group is often abbreviated "Bz" (not to be confused with "Bn", which is used for benzyl), thus benzoic acid is also denoted as BzOH, since the benzoyl group has the formula −C6H5CO. It is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. The name is derived from gum benzoin, which was for a long time its only source.

Benzoic acid occurs naturally in many plants and serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of many secondary metabolites. Salts of benzoic acid are used as food preservatives.  Benzoic acid is an important precursor for the industrial synthesis of many other organic substances.  The salts and esters of benzoic acid are known as benzoates (/ˈbɛnzoʊ.eɪts/).
Pál Kovács
Pál Kovács (17 July 1912 – 8 July 1995) was a Hungarian athlete, who began as a hurdler, but eventually switched to fencing.

By the time Kovács won his first fencing gold, in 1936, he had already been a member of the winning Hungarian team at the 1933 World Championships. The Hungarians won team sabre gold in five successive Olympics, lasting from 1936 until 1960. The same team won gold eight back-to-back world championships (including the two Olympics, which double as world championships in their respective years). Kovács also won individual gold in 1952, as well as individual bronze in 1948. In 1980, he became vice-president of the Fédération Internationale d'Escrime. He died in Budapest in July 1995.

International Fencing Federation
The   International Fencing Federation  (Fédération Internationale d'Escrime) commonly known by the acronym FIE, is the international governing body of Olympic fencing. Today, its head office is at the Maison du Sport International in Lausanne, Switzerland. The FIE is composed of 155 national federations, each of which is recognized by its country's Olympic Committee as the sole representative of Olympic-style fencing in that country.
Phoenix Society (New York)
The Phoenix Society, was a mutual aid society for African Americans and education, "an organization dedicated to 'morals, literature and the mechanical arts'". It was founded in 1833 by Samuel Cornish, Theodore Wright, Peter Williams Jr., and Christopher Rush in New York City. They had support from the philanthropist brothers Arthur and Lewis Tappan. Many people associated with the Phoenix Society attended the New York Manumission Society’s African Free School in New York City.

They set up the Phoenix High School for Colored Youth, first for boys, where Henry Highland Garnet studied, followed quickly by a high school for girls.: 82

Samuel Cornish
Samuel Eli Cornish (1795 – November 6, 1858) was an American Presbyterian minister, abolitionist, publisher, and journalist.  He was a leader in New York City's small free black community, where he organized the first congregation of black Presbyterians in New York. In 1827 he became one of two editors of the newly founded Freedom's Journal, the first black newspaper in the United States. In 1833 he was a founding member of the interracial American Anti-Slavery Society.
Demidov (surname)
Demidov (Russian: Демидов) or Demidova (feminine; Демидова) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

The Demidovs, a family of Russian entrepreneurs in the 18th–19th centuries, including:
Elim Demidov, 3rd prince of San Donato

Alla Demidova (born 1936), Soviet/Russian actress

Anna Demidova (1878–1918), Russian chambermaid

Anna Demidova (dancer) (born 1988), Russian-American dancer, actress and model

Georgy Demidov (1908–1987), Russian writer and political prisoner

Igor Demidov (1873–1946), Russian politician

Ivan Demidov (poker player) (born 1981), Russian poker player

Ivan Demidov (born 2005), Russian ice hockey player

Nikolay Ivanovich Demidov (1773–1833), Russian general and politician

Pavel Evgenjevič Demidov (1971–2020), Russian caver and speleologist

Vadim Demidov (born 1986), Norwegian footballer

Vladimir Demidov (born 1964), Soviet and Russian footballer

Pavel Yevgenyevich Demidov
Pavel Yevgenyevich Demidov (Russian: Павел Евгеньевич Демидов; 13 August 1971 – 23 August 2020) was a Russian speleologist, most known for his work in extreme cave exploration, especially as the leader of the Perovo-speleo team expeditions to Veryovkina Cave on Arabika massif in Abkhazia, from 2017 the deepest cave in the world.
Pogromets
Pogromets (Russian: Погромец) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Pogromskoye Rural Settlement, Volokonovsky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. In the 19th century the village was part of Pogromskaya volost, Valuysky Uyezd, Voronezh Governorate. The population was 396 as of 2010. There are 8 streets.

Belgorod Oblast
Belgorod Oblast (Russian: Белгоро́дская о́бласть, romanized: Belgorodskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Belgorod. As of 2021, the population is 1,540,486.
Play Cash Cobain
Play Cash Cobain is the debut studio album by American rapper and record producer Cash Cobain, released on August 23, 2024, by Giant Music. It features guest appearances by Bay Swag, Big Sean, 6lack, Anycia, Chow Lee, Don Q, Don Toliver, Fabolous, Flee, Flo Milli, Kaliii, Kenzo B, Laila!, Lay Bankz, Luh Tyler, Payroll, Quavo, Rob49, Vontee the Singer, and YN Jay.

Giant Music
Giant Music is an American independent record label founded in 2022, by American businessman and record executive, Irving Azoff. The label, serves as a rebranded reboot of Azoff's former venture, Giant Records, a subsidiary of Warner Records he originally founded and managed from 1990 until Warner ended the joint venture with the label in 2001. Ironically, Warner Music Sweden would revive and appropriate the branding of "Giant Records" as a single's label in 2015, without Azoff's involvement.

Giant Music operates under the Azoff Company, to provide industry standard resources, such as marketing and distribution to established and upcoming artists who wish to remain independent, to retain ownership to their music and achieve their goals in the contemporary music business.

The label's debut was the single, "JUGG" by Atlanta rapper, Swavay released Jun 8, 2022 jointly by Giant, Def Jam and Universal Music Group.
Caithness and Sutherland
Caithness and Sutherland was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1918 to 1997. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.

The constituency was created by merging the constituencies of Caithness and Sutherland and the Dornoch and Wick components of the Wick Burghs constituency.

In 1997 the constituency was superseded by the creation of Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross, which merged Caithness and Sutherland and the Easter Ross area of Ross, Cromarty and Skye.

Caithness and Sutherland was geographically one of the largest constituencies in the United Kingdom, as well as the most northerly constituency on the mainland (only the island constituency of Orkney and Shetland was further north).

Orkney and Shetland (UK Parliament constituency)
Orkney and Shetland (Scottish Gaelic: Arcaibh agus Sealtainn) is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election and has been represented by Alistair Carmichael of the Scottish Liberal Democrats since 2001. In the Scottish Parliament, Orkney and Shetland are separate constituencies.
The constituency was historically known as Orkney and Zetland (an alternative name for Shetland).

In the 2014 Scottish independence referendum, 65.4% of the constituency's electors voted for Scotland to stay part of the United Kingdom.
Kap Stewart Group
The Kap Stewart Group is a geological group in eastern Greenland of Late Triassic (Rhaetian) to Early Jurassic (Sinemurian) age. It consists of a 155-600 m thick sequence of interbedded mudstones and fluvio-deltiac sandstones deposited in a "large wave and storm-dominated lake".

Late Triassic
The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch of the Triassic Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between 237 Ma and 201.4 Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch and followed by the Early Jurassic Epoch. The corresponding series of rock beds is known as the Upper Triassic. The Late Triassic is divided into the Carnian, Norian and Rhaetian ages.

Many of the first dinosaurs evolved during the Late Triassic, including Plateosaurus, Coelophysis, Herrerasaurus, and Eoraptor. The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event began during this epoch and  is one of the five major mass extinction events of the Earth.
Dileptus
Dileptus is a genus of unicellular ciliates in the class Litostomatea. Species of Dileptus occur in fresh and salt water, as well as mosses and soils. Most are aggressive predators equipped with long, mobile proboscides lined with toxic extrusomes, with which they stun smaller organisms before consuming them.  Thirteen species and subspecies of Dileptus are recognized.

Dileptus species have served as model organisms used in the study of ciliary patterns, ontogenesis, conjugation and food acquisition.

Proboscis
A proboscis (/proʊˈbɒsɪs, -kɪs/) is an elongated appendage from the head of an animal, either a vertebrate or an invertebrate. In invertebrates, the term usually refers to tubular mouthparts used for feeding and sucking. In vertebrates, a proboscis is an elongated nose or snout.
Kaare Norman Selvig
Kaare Norman Selvig (17 July 1918 – 20 December 2015) was a Norwegian business leader.

He was born in Glasgow as a son of a seamen's priest. He finished his secondary education in 1937, graduated from the University of Oslo with the cand.jur. degree in 1946. He was the managing director of the Norwegian Employers' Confederation between 1969 and 1979. He resided in Sandvika. He was decorated as a Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav, Commander of the Order of the Dannebrog, the Order of the White Rose of Finland and the Order of the Polar Star.

Order of the White Rose of Finland
The Order of the White Rose of Finland (Finnish: Suomen Valkoisen Ruusun ritarikunta; Swedish: Finlands Vita Ros’ orden) is one of three official orders in Finland, along with the Order of the Cross of Liberty, and the Order of the Lion of Finland. The President of Finland is the Grand Master of all three orders. The orders are administered by boards consisting of a chancellor, a vice-chancellor and at least four members. The orders of the White Rose of Finland and the Lion of Finland have a joint board.
Giorgio Walter Canonica
Giorgio Walter Canonica (born October 25, 1947) is an Italian allergist, pulmonologist and professor of Respiratory Medicine at Humanitas University, Milan, Italy and Director Personalized Medicine Asthma & Allergy Center at Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS-Milano Italy since December 2016. He is known for his research work related to innovative treatment strategies for allergic diseases which includes biological response modifier in form of targeted immunotherapy with primary emphasis on sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). He served as President of several International or national Allergy and Respiratory Scientific Societies.

Humanitas University
Humanitas University, also recognized as Hunimed, is an Italian international private university dedicated to medical and biomedical sciences. Located within the municipality of Pieve Emanuele, a constituent of the Metropolitan City of Milan, the university's campus seamlessly integrates with the adjacent Humanitas Research Hospital Campus.