hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Criticism of marriage
Criticisms of marriage are arguments against the practical or moral value of the institution of marriage or particular forms of matrimony. These have included the effects that marriage has on individual liberty, equality between the sexes, the relationship between marriage and violence, philosophical questions about how much control can a government have over its population, the amount of control a person has over another, the financial risk when measured against alternatives and divorce, and questioning of the necessity to have a relationship sanctioned by government or religious authorities.

Criticism of marriage comes from various cultural movements, including  branches of feminism, anarchism, Marxism, Masculism and queer theory. Feminist activists often point to historical, legal and social inequalities of marriage, family life, and divorce in their criticism of marriage.

Dean Spade
Dean Spade (born 1977) is an American lawyer, transgender activist, writer, and associate professor of law at Seattle University School of Law. Since graduating from UCLA School of Law in 2001, Spade has organized a number of activist projects such as the Sylvia Rivera Law Project, a non-profit providing free legal services to genderqueer marginalized groups in New York City. Spade entered academia as the 2009–2010 Haywood Burns Chair at CUNY School of Law, followed by his role as the Williams Institute Law Teaching Fellow at UCLA Law School and Harvard Law School. Throughout his career, Spade has written numerous articles, books, papers, and zines, and has also directed a documentary titled Pinkwashing Exposed: Seattle Fights Back!.
Meira Abbey
Meira Abbey (Spanish: Mosteiro de Santa María de Meira) is a former Cistercian monastery in Meira, province of Lugo, Galicia, Spain.

It was founded as a daughter house of Clairvaux Abbey, probably in 1143. It received endowments from the kings Alfonso VII, Ferdinand II and Alfonso IX. In 1515 it joined the Cistercian Castilian Congregation. In the 17th century a school of higher philosophy was established here. The abbey was suppressed in 1835 during the dissolution of the monasteries of the Mendizábal government. The only structure to survive is the church, now a parish church, since 1931 a national monument.

Alfonso IX of León
Alfonso IX (15 August 1171 – 23 or 24 September 1230) was King of León from the death of his father Ferdinand II in 1188 until his own death.

He took steps towards modernizing and democratizing his dominion and founded the University of Salamanca in 1218. In 1188 he summoned the first parliament reflecting the fullest representation of the citizenry ever seen in Western Europe, the Cortes of León.

Alfonso took part in the Reconquista, conquering several territories within Extremadura, capturing Mérida and Badajoz in 1230, which allowed for the eventual conquest of Seville during the reign of his son Ferdinand III. He was also involved in numerous conflicts with Pope Celestine III, being interdicted on account of the nature of his marriages.
Madzharovo Point
Madzharovo Point (Bulgarian: нос Маджарово, ‘Nos Madzharovo’ \'nos ma-'dzha-ro-vo\) is a point on the southwest coast of Fournier Bay in Anvers Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica separating the termini of Thamyris Glacier to the northwest and Kleptuza Glacier to the southeast.

The point is named after the town of Madzharovo in southeastern Bulgaria.

Glacier terminus
A glacier terminus, toe, or snout, is the end of a glacier at any given point in time. Although glaciers seem motionless to the observer, in reality they are in endless motion and the glacier terminus is always either advancing or retreating. The location of the terminus is often directly related to glacier mass balance, which is based on the amount of snowfall which occurs in the accumulation zone of a glacier, as compared to the amount that is melted in the ablation zone. The position of a glacier terminus is also impacted by localized or regional temperature change over time.
Kikuko, Princess Takamatsu
Kikuko, Princess Takamatsu (宣仁親王妃喜久子, Nobuhito Shinnōhi Kikuko), born Tokugawa Kikuko (徳川喜久子; 26 December 1911 – 18 December 2004), was a member of the Japanese imperial family. The Princess was married to Nobuhito, Prince Takamatsu, the third son of Emperor Taishō and Empress Teimei. She was, therefore, a sister-in-law of Emperor Shōwa and an aunt by marriage of the following emperor, Akihito. She was mainly known for philanthropic activities, particularly her patronage of cancer research organizations. At the time of her death, Princess Takamatsu was the oldest member of the Imperial Family.

Imperial House of Japan
The Imperial House (皇室, Kōshitsu) is the reigning dynasty of Japan, consisting of those members of the extended family of the reigning emperor of Japan who undertake official and public duties. Under the present constitution of Japan, the emperor is "the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people". Other members of the imperial family perform ceremonial and social duties, but have no role in the affairs of government. The duties as an emperor are passed down the line to their male children. The Japanese monarchy is the oldest continuous hereditary monarchy in the world.  The imperial dynasty does not have a name, therefore its direct members do not have a family name.
Consultative Council (Poland)
The Consultative Council (Polish: Rada Konsultacyjna) is a non-government representative body created in November 2020 by the All-Poland Women's Strike (Polish: Ogólnopolski Strajk Kobiet, OSK) in the context of the October 2020 Polish protests. The Council incorporates public participation as a mechanism for participatory democracy.

Council
A council is a group of people who come together to consult, deliberate, or make decisions. A council may function as a legislature, especially at a town, city or county/shire level, but most legislative bodies at the state/provincial or national level are not considered councils. At such levels, there may be no separate executive branch, and the council may effectively represent the entire government. A board of directors might also be denoted as a council.

A committee might also be denoted as a council, though a committee is generally a subordinate body composed of members of a larger body, while a council may not be. Because many schools have a student council, the council is the form of governance with which many people are likely to have their first experience as electors or participants.

A member of a council may be referred to as a councillor or councilperson, or by the gender-specific titles of councilman and councilwoman.
McNeilly
McNeilly is a surname of Gaelic origin. Notable people with this surname include:

A. J. W. McNeilly (1845–1911), Irish politician

Andrew McNeilly (born 1972), Trinidad and Tobago Bobsledder

Donnell McNeilly (born 2005), British footballer

Gerry McNeilly, Canadian lawyer

Gord McNeilly, Canadian politician

Greg McNeilly, American political consultant

Liam McNeilly (born 2006), British racing driver

Mac McNeilly (born 1960), American rock musician

Mildred Masterson McNeilly (1910–1997), American writer

Robert McNeilly (born 1951), American police chief

Stephen McNeilly (born 1968), British writer

Mildred Masterson McNeilly
Mildred Masterson McNeilly (28 May 1910 – 12 July 1997) was an American author best known for her novel Each Bright River.

She also wrote for mystery magazines under the pen-names James Dewey and Glenn Kelly.
Nunchía
Nunchía is a town and municipality in the Department of Casanare, Colombia. Its economy is primarily based on agriculture and livestock farming, with the four main rivers Tocaría, Payero, Nunchía, and Pauto affecting the agricultural landscape. Extensive cattle ranching is the dominant economic activity with significant crops including rice, oil palm, coffee, and cocoa beans. Poultry, pig farming, and fish farming are also present but on a smaller scale.

Departments of Colombia
Colombia is a unitary republic made up of thirty-two administrative divisions referred to as departments (Spanish: departamentos, sing. departamento) and one Capital District (Distrito Capital). Departments are country subdivisions and are granted a certain degree of autonomy. Each department has a governor (gobernador) and an Assembly (Asamblea Departamental), elected by popular vote for a four-year period. The governor cannot be re-elected in consecutive periods.

Departments are formed by a grouping of municipalities (municipios, sing. municipio). Municipal government is headed by mayor (alcalde) and administered by a municipal council (concejo municipal), both of which are elected by popular vote for four-year periods.
Zuzana Majerová
Zuzana Majerová (née Dvořáková, formerly Majerová Zahradníková, born 28 June 1972) is a Czech politician. She was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 2017 to 2021, and was re-elected in the 2025 parliamentary election. Formerly a member of the Civic Democratic Party (ODS), she has been president of the Tricolour Citizens' Movement since 2021.

Majerová was the #3 candidate on the SPD-Tricolour list for the 2024 European Parliament election.

Freedom and Direct Democracy
Freedom and Direct Democracy (Czech: Svoboda a přímá demokracie, SPD) is a far-right political party in the Czech Republic. It is led by Tomio Okamura and it holds 15 seats in the Chamber of Deputies. Its political positions are nationalist and neo-fascist, espousing right-wing populism, expressing opposition to immigration, and being staunchly Eurosceptic, while in their political program they state their support for direct democracy.

At the end of 2022, the party had 10,682 members and was the fastest-growing party in the country in terms of members.
Siamese mud carp
The Siamese mud carp (Henicorhynchus siamensis) is a species of freshwater cyprinid fish, a variety of Asian carp native to the Mekong and Chao Phraya Rivers in Southeast Asia, especially in Cambodia, Laos and Thailand.  It is very common in floodplains during the wet season and migrates upstream in the Mekong starting in Cambodia.

The Siamese mud carp has commercial use locally, both as food and in the aquarium trade.

Local names:

Thai: pla soi khao (ปลาสร้อยขาว, pronounced [plāː sɔ̂j kʰǎːw])

Laotian: ປາຊວຍ [paː swáːj]

Khmer: trey riel tob (ត្រីរៀលតុបគា)

Vietnamese: Cá linh thùy .

Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae is a family of cyprinoid freshwater fishes commonly referred to as the carp family, which includes the carps, barbs, and barbels, among others. These cyprinids also share sister taxa with the danionins and minnows under the suborder Cyprinoidei. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest family of vertebrates overall, with roughly 1,780 species split into 166 valid genera.

Cyprinids range from the 12 mm (0.5 in)-long glassfishes, to the 3 m (9.8 ft) giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis). The family name is derived from the Greek word kyprînos (κυπρῖνος 'carp').
Dai Suli
Dai Suli (Chinese: 戴苏理) (21 November 1919 – 22 January 2000) was a People's Republic of China politician. He was born in Xiangyuan County, Shanxi Province. He was governor of Henan Province (1981–1983). He was a member of the Central Advisory Commission.

Xiangyuan County
Xiangyuan County (Chinese: 襄垣县; pinyin: Xiāngyuán Xiàn) is a county in the southeast of Shanxi province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Changzhi. It is between 112 ° 42 ′ - 113 ° 14 ′ E and 36 ° 23 ′ - 36 ° 44 ′ n with a total area of 1178 square kilometers.
Chemellier
Chemellier (French pronunciation: [ʃəmlije] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department of western France. On 15 December 2016, it was merged into the new commune Brissac Loire Aubance. It is around 15 km south-east of Angers.

Maine-et-Loire
Maine-et-Loire (French pronunciation: [mɛn e lwaʁ] ⓘ) is a department in the Loire Valley in the Pays de la Loire region in Western France. It is named after the two rivers, Maine and the Loire. It borders Mayenne and Sarthe to the north, Loire-Atlantique to the west, Indre-et-Loire to the east, Vienne and Deux-Sèvres to the south, Vendée to the south-west, and Ille-et-Vilaine to the north-west. Its prefecture is Angers; its subprefectures are Cholet, Saumur and Segré-en-Anjou Bleu. Maine-et-Loire had a population of 818,273 in 2019.
Ceridian-UCLA Pulse of Commerce Index
The Ceridian-UCLA Pulse of Commerce Index (PCI) is based on real-time diesel fuel consumption data for over-the-road trucking and serves as an indicator of the state and possible future direction of the U.S. economy. By tracking the volume and location of fuel being purchased, the index closely monitors the over-the-road movement of raw materials, goods-in-process, and finished goods to U.S. factories, retailers, and consumers.

Working with economists at UCLA Anderson School of Management and Charles River Associates, Ceridian provides the index monthly and also offers companies access to more detailed fuel-use information.

(Appears to be discontinued as of June 2012)

UCLA Anderson School of Management
The John E. Anderson Graduate School of Management (branded as UCLA Anderson) is the graduate business school at the University of California, Los Angeles. The school offers MBA (full-time, part-time, executive), Post Graduate Program for Executives (PGPX), Financial Engineering, Business Analytics, and PhD degrees. It was named after American billionaire John E. Anderson in 1987, after he donated $15 million to the School of Management (the largest gift received from an individual by the University of California at the time).
San Romano in Garfagnana
San Romano in Garfagnana is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lucca in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) northwest of Florence and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Lucca.

San Romano in Garfagnana borders the following municipalities: Camporgiano, Piazza al Serchio, Pieve Fosciana, Sillano Giuncugnano, Villa Collemandina.

Province of Lucca
The province of Lucca (Italian: provincia di Lucca) is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Lucca.

It has an area of 1,773 square kilometres (685 mi2) and a population of about 390,000. The province contains 33 comuni (sg.: comune).
The Subject Is Jazz
The Subject is Jazz was a television program that aired on NBC in 1958. It was produced in cooperation with the Educational Television and Radio Center. Hosted by Gilbert Seldes with the musical direction of Billy Taylor, the show featured prominent jazz performers.

One episode featured Ed Thigpen playing drums with his hands with Billy Taylor on piano.   Other episodes featured Duke Ellington, Wilbur de Paris, Aaron Copland, Johnny "Hammond" Smith, Willis Conover, Lee Konitz, Cannonball Adderley, Willie "The Lion" Smith, Marshall Stearns and others.

Johnny "Hammond" Smith
John Robert "Johnny Hammond" Smith (December 16, 1933 – June 4, 1997) was an American soul jazz and hard bop organist. Born in Louisville, Kentucky, he was a renowned player of the Hammond B-3 organ so earning "Hammond" as a nickname, which also avoided his being confused with jazz guitarist Johnny Smith, although this could sometimes lead to him being confused with Jimmy Smith, another Hammond great.
RAAF Base Williamtown
RAAF Base Williamtown (IATA: NTL, ICAO: YWLM) is a Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) military air base located 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi) north of Newcastle (27 km (17 mi) by road) in the local government area of Port Stephens, in New South Wales, Australia. The base serves as the headquarters to both the Air Combat Group and the Surveillance and Response Group of the RAAF. The nearest towns are Raymond Terrace, located 8 km (5 mi) west of the base and Medowie, 6.8 km (4.2 mi), north of the base, which is home to many of the base's staff.

The base operates a single runway which is shared with the Newcastle Airport under a lease agreement where the Department of Defence leases rights to use the runway to Williamtown Airport. A number of the buildings and other facilities on the base are listed on the Commonwealth Heritage List.

Air base
An airbase or air base, sometimes referred to as a military airbase, military airfield, military airport, air station, naval air station, air force station, or air force base, is an aerodrome or airport used as a military base by a military force for operating military aircraft.
Segusino
Segusino (Venetian: Seguxin) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Treviso in the Italian region Veneto, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Venice and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Treviso. As of 31 December 2017, it had a population of 1,833 and an area of 18.1 square kilometres (7.0 sq mi).

The municipality of Segusino contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Col lonc, Stramare and Milies.

Segusino borders the municipalities of Setteville in the province of Belluno, and Valdobbiadene in the province of Treviso.

Segusino is sister town of Chipilo, Mexico, whose residents are descendants of Segusino immigrants and who to this date still speak the Venetan language of the region.

Treviso
Treviso (US: /treɪˈviːzoʊ/ tray-VEE-zoh; Italian: [treˈviːzo] ⓘ; Venetian: Trevixo [tɾeˈvizo]) is a city and comune (municipality) in the Veneto region of northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Treviso and the municipality has 87,322 inhabitants (as of December 2024). Some 3,000 live within the Venetian walls (le Mura) or in the historical and monumental center; some 80,000 live in the urban center while the city hinterland has a population of approximately 170,000.

The province is home to the headquarters of clothing retailer Benetton, Sisley, Stefanel, Geox, Diadora and Lotto Sport Italia, appliance maker De'Longhi, and bicycle maker Pinarello.

Treviso is also known for being the original production area of Prosecco wine and radicchio, and is thought to have been the origin of the popular Italian dessert tiramisù.
St. Naum Peak
St. Naum Peak (Bulgarian: връх Св. Наум, romanized: vrah Sv. Naum, IPA: [ˈvrɤx svɛˈti nɐˈum]) is a rocky peak of elevation 560 m in the east extremity of Peshev Ridge, Tangra Mountains, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  Separated from Balchik Ridge and Silistra Knoll to the east by Starosel Gate, and surmounting Macy Glacier to the north and Boyana Glacier to the south.

The peak is named after the Bulgarian scholar St. Naum of Preslav and Ohrid (—910 AD), brother of St. Kliment Ohridski and student of St. Cyril and St. Methodius who worked under the auspices of Czar Boris I of Bulgaria both in Veliki Preslav and Devol.

Macy Glacier
Macy Glacier is a 3.7 nautical miles (6.9 km; 4.3 mi) long and 1.4 nautical miles (2.6 km; 1.6 mi) crescent-shaped glacier on the southern slopes of the Tangra Mountains, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  The glacier is bounded by Friesland Ridge to the northwest, Levski Ridge to the northeast and Peshev Ridge to the southeast, and flows southwestwards into the head of Brunow Bay.

The feature was named by the UK Antarctic Place-names Committee in 1958 for Robert Macy, Master of the brig Aurora, one of the fleet of American sealers from New York which visited the South Shetland Islands in 1820–21.
Petrov, Russia
Petrov (Russian: Петров; masculine) or Petrova (Петрова; feminine) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Petrov, Republic of Adygea, a khutor in Teuchezhsky District of the Republic of Adygea

Petrov, Belgorod Oblast, a khutor in Krasnogvardeysky District of Belgorod Oblast

Petrov, Saratov Oblast, a khutor in Tatishchevsky District of Saratov Oblast

Petrova, Bryansk Oblast, a selo in Karachevsky District of Bryansk Oblast

Petrova, Perm Krai, a village in Ilyinsky District of Perm Krai

Petrova, Tyumen Oblast, a village in Vikulovsky District of Tyumen Oblast

Karachevsky District
Karachevsky District (Russian: Кара́чевский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-seven in Bryansk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,408 square kilometers (544 sq mi).  Its administrative center is the town of Karachev. Population: 32,279 (2021 census); 36,036 (2010 census); 37,857 (2002 Census); 41,428 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Karachev accounts for 54.1% of the district's total population.
2021 Lošinj Open
The 2021 Lošinj Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2021 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Veli Lošinj, Croatia between 18 and 24 October 2021.

Veli Lošinj
Veli Lošinj (Italian: Lussingrande) is a village on the island of Lošinj in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in western Croatia. Veli Lošinj has a mild climate and caters to tourists. It is located 5 km to the southeast of the town of Mali Lošinj, of which it is part administratively. It was an important port and fishing centre until the late 19th century. Today it is known as a tourist and aromatherapy centre. As of 2021, Veli Lošinj had a population of 857

Located in the south of the island of Lošinj, 3 km (1.9 mi) east of central Mali Lošinj, which is the administrative centre of the island. Mali Lošinj and Veli Lošinj form a single conglomeration along the coast. Veli Lošinj faces the sea from the south. It is at the foot of Kalvarija mountain.
Abdul Halim Khan
Abdul Halim Khan is a politician, a Muslim cleric, and an ex MNA from Kohistan, Pakistan. He belongs to the Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal Pakistan party and won the NA-23 (Kohistan) constituency seat in 2002. He holds the view that "girls should not be educated, women should not work unless accompanied by mahrams and 'honour' killing is a religiously-sanctioned practice", and has threatened that women working for NGOs who enter Kohistan will be forcibly married.

Kohistan District, Pakistan
Kohistan District, also known as Indus Kohistan (Indus Kohistani and Kohistani Shina: سندھُ کوستَیں) and Hazara Kohistan, was a district within the Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Consisting of eastern portion of the larger Kohistan region, it was bifurcated into two districts in 2014: Upper Kohistan and Lower Kohistan. In 2017, the Lower Kohistan District was further bifurcated and a district Kolai-Palas was established. It has an area of 7,492 square kilometres (2,893 sq mi) and a population of 472,570 according to the 1998 Census.

Geographically, Kohistan stretched from Gilgit-Baltistan in the north to the Mansehra District in the east to the Battagram District and Shangla and Swat districts in the west.
Francos Rodríguez (Madrid Metro)
Francos Rodríguez [ˈfɾaŋkos roˈðɾiɣeθ] is a station on Line 7 of the Madrid Metro, on the Calle Francos Rodríguez, named for former Mayor of Madrid José Francos Rodríguez (1862–1931). It is located in fare Zone A.

José Francos Rodríguez
José Francos Rodríguez (5 April 1862–11 December 1931) was a Spanish politician and journalist. He served as Mayor of Madrid as well as Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts and Minister of Grace and Justice during the reign of Alfonso XIII.