hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
EX-IC
EX-IC (Express IC) is a contactless smart card system that enables ticketless travel on the Tōkaidō Shinkansen and Sanyō Shinkansen lines in Japan. The system was introduced by JR Central in March 2008 for use on the Tōkaidō Shinkansen, and it was expanded to the Sanyō Shinkansen in August 2009.

Usage of the EX-IC system requires a seat reservation for either of the aforementioned Shinkansen lines to be purchased in advance; this may be done with a mobile phone or a computer that has an Internet connection. For Shinkansen passengers who intend to transfer to/from a conventional rail line, it is possible to stack the EX-IC card and another contactless card (such as Suica, PASMO, TOICA, or ICOCA) together and have them processed simultaneously by the card readers at the Shinkansen ticket gates.

San'yō Shinkansen
The San'yō Shinkansen (Japanese: 山陽新幹線; lit. 'Southern new main line') is a line of the Japanese Shinkansen high-speed rail network, connecting Shin-Osaka in Osaka with Hakata Station in Fukuoka, the two largest cities in western Japan. Operated by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West), it is a westward continuation of the Tōkaidō Shinkansen and also serves other major cities in between on Honshu and Kyushu islands such as Kobe, Himeji, Okayama, Hiroshima, and Kitakyushu, through the Shin-Kanmon Tunnel. The Kyushu Shinkansen continues south of Hakata to Kagoshima. The San'yō Shinkansen connects Hakata with Osaka in two and a half hours, with trains operating at a maximum speed of 300 km/h (186 mph) for most of the journey. Some Nozomi trains operate continuously on San'yō and Tōkaidō Shinkansen lines, connecting Tokyo and Hakata in five hours.
For Heaven's Sake (TV series)
For Heaven's Sake is a Canadian documentary television series, which premiered in 2021 on CBC Gem in Canada and Paramount+ in the United States. Created by Mike Mildon and Jackson Rowe, the series follows their attempts to solve the mystery of the 1934 disappearance of Harold Heaven, Mildon's great-great uncle, from his cabin in Minden, Ontario, even though their backgrounds are more in comedy than in detective work.

The series was produced by Muse Entertainment, in conjunction with Funny or Die and CBS Television Studios.

The series received three Canadian Screen Award nominations at the 10th Canadian Screen Awards in 2022, for Best Factual Program or Series, Best Sound in a Non-Fiction Program or Series (Eric Apps) and Best Writing in a Factual Program or Series (Mildon, Rowe, Jay Cheel).

10th Canadian Screen Awards
The 10th Canadian Screen Awards were presented by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television from 4–10 April 2022 to honour achievements in Canadian film, television, and digital media production in 2021. The presentations were held as a series of virtual events due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with awards in top categories presented via a CBC Television special on 10 April 2022 hosted by comedy troupe TallBoyz.

Nominations were announced on 15 February. In film, the top nominees were Scarborough and Night Raiders, with 11 nods apiece, while in television the series Sort Of was the leader with 13 nominations. Scarborough and Transplant were tied for most-awarded film and television series, with both receiving 8 awards (including Best Motion Picture and Best Dramatic Series respectively).
Little Bit Is Better Than Nada
Little Bit Is Better Than Nada is a song written by Doug Sahm, and recorded in 1996 by the Texas Tornados. The song was also film soundtrack for the 1996 film Tin Cup, and was Grammy nominated.

In 1998, Sten & Stanley recorded the song on the album Bröder, with lyrics in Swedish by Ingela "Pling" Forsman as En liten bit är bättre än nada.

Doug Sahm
Douglas Wayne Sahm (November 6, 1941 – November 18, 1999) was an American musician, singer-songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist from San Antonio, Texas.  He is regarded as a key Tex-Mex music and Texan Music performer.  San Antonio's conjunto and blues and later the hippie scene of San Francisco helped create his blend of music, with which he found success performing in 1970s Austin, Texas.

He made his recording debut as "Little Doug" in 1955. In 1965, Huey P. Meaux produced Sahm and the Sir Douglas Quintet's "She's About a Mover."  Atlantic Records signed Sahm and released his debut solo album Doug Sahm and Band in 1973.  In 1989, Sahm formed the supergroup the Texas Tornados with fellow Tex-Mex musicians Augie Meyers, Freddy Fender and Flaco Jiménez. The Texas Tornados toured successfully, and one of their releases earned a Grammy Award.  In 1999, Sahm died during a vacation trip.
Epitestosterone
Epitestosterone, or isotestosterone, also known as 17α-testosterone or as androst-4-en-17α-ol-3-one, is an endogenous steroid and an epimer of the androgen sex hormone testosterone. It is a weak competitive antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR) and a potent 5α-reductase inhibitor.

Structurally, epitestosterone differs from testosterone only in the configuration at the hydroxy-bearing carbon, C17. Epitestosterone is believed to form in a similar way to testosterone; a 1993 study found that around 50% of epitestosterone production in human males can be ascribed to the testis, although the exact pathway of its formation is still the subject of research. It has been shown to accumulate in mammary cyst fluid and in the prostate. Epitestosterone levels are typically highest in young males; however, by adulthood, most healthy males exhibit a testosterone to epitestosterone ratio (T/E ratio) of about 1:1.

Steroid
A steroid is an organic compound with four fused rings (designated A, B, C, and D) arranged in a specific molecular configuration.

Steroids have two principal biological functions: as important components of cell membranes that alter membrane fluidity; and as signaling molecules. Examples include the lipid cholesterol, sex hormones estradiol and testosterone,: 10–19  anabolic steroids, and the anti-inflammatory corticosteroid drug dexamethasone. Hundreds of steroids are found in fungi, plants, and animals. All steroids are manufactured in cells from a sterol: cholesterol (animals), lanosterol (opisthokonts), or cycloartenol (plants). All three of these molecules are produced via cyclization of the triterpene squalene.
The Best of Hal Clement
The Best of Hal Clement is a collection of science fiction short stories by American author Hal Clement, edited by Lester del Rey. It was first published in paperback by Del Rey/Ballantine in June 1979 as a volume in its Classic Library of Science Fiction. It was reissued in ebook by Gateway/Orion in May 2013, and in trade paperback and ebook by Phoenix Pick in December 2014.

Hal Clement
Harry Clement Stubbs (May 30, 1922 – October 29, 2003), better known by the pen name Hal Clement, was an American science fiction writer and a leader of the hard science fiction subgenre. He also painted astronomically oriented artworks under the name George Richard.

In 1998, Clement was inducted into the Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame. He was named the 17th SFWA Grand Master by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America in 1999.
History of Reddish
There is evidence of activity around Reddish – a settlement in Greater Manchester, England – before the Norman conquest in the presence of Nico Ditch and some Saxon coins. The recorded history of Reddish begins at the turn of the 13th century when it was documented as "Redich". Reddish remained a predominantly rural settlement throughout the medieval period, but expanded to become a mixed industrial and residential area during the 19th century. It developed rapidly during the Industrial Revolution, and still retains landmarks from that period, such as Houldsworth Mill.

Reddish
Reddish is an area of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, Greater Manchester, England; it lies 4.6 miles (7.4 km) south-east of Manchester city centre. At the 2011 census, the population was 28,052. Historically part of Lancashire, Reddish grew rapidly in the Industrial Revolution and still retains landmarks from that period, such as Houldsworth Mill, a former textile mill. Reddish Vale is a country park.
Rossolimo's sign
Rossolimo's sign is a clinical sign in which percussion of the tips of the toes causes an exaggerated flexion of the toes. It is found in patients with pyramidal tract lesions, and is one of a number of Babinski-like responses. The sign is named after Grigory Ivanovich Rossolimo.

Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms are diagnostic indications of an illness, injury, or condition. While signs are objective and externally observable, symptoms are a person's reported subjective experiences.

A sign, for example, can be an elevated or lower than normal temperature or blood pressure; or an abnormal finding showing on medical imaging. A symptom is something out of the ordinary that is experienced by an individual such as feeling feverish, a headache or other pains in the body. Symptoms can be a result of the immune system's response to an infection, the physical manifestation of an abnormal body condition, or the effect of a consumed substance. Symptoms, though often indicative of a disease process, are not always diagnostically relevant, and can be idiopathic in nature.
The Peasant Wedding
The Peasant Wedding is a 1567 genre painting by  the Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painter and printmaker Pieter Bruegel the Elder, one of his many depicting peasant life. It is now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna. Pieter Bruegel the Elder enjoyed painting peasants and different aspects of their lives in so many of his paintings that he has been called Peasant-Bruegel, but he was an intellectual, and many of his paintings have a symbolic meaning as well as a moral aspect.

Intellectual
An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about the nature of reality, especially the nature of society and proposed solutions for its normative problems. Coming from the world of culture, either as a creator or as a mediator, the intellectual participates in politics, either to defend a concrete proposition or to denounce an injustice, usually by either rejecting, producing or extending an ideology, and by defending a system of values.
Zapp (album)
Zapp is the debut studio album by the American funk band Zapp, released on July 30, 1980, by Warner Bros. Records. The album's style and sound bears a strong resemblance to Parliament-Funkadelic, as the band was working with Parliament-Funk members Bootsy Collins and George Clinton during the album's production. Produced by frontman Roger Troutman and Bootsy Collins (who also played guitar on the album), Zapp was recorded between late 1979 and early 1980 at the United Sound Studios in Detroit, U.S.A.

Topping the US Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart for 2 weeks in fall 1980  and certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) that November, the album has been cited as one of the definitive albums of early 1980s electro funk, and partially influenced the creation of the G-funk sound of hip hop music, which became popular on the West Coast of the United States during the early and mid 1990s.

George Clinton (funk musician)
George Edward Clinton (born July 22, 1941) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and bandleader. His Parliament-Funkadelic collective (which primarily recorded under the distinct band names Parliament and Funkadelic) developed an influential and eclectic form of funk music during the 1970s that drew on Afrofuturism, outlandish fashion, psychedelia, and surreal humor. He launched his solo career with the 1982 album Computer Games and would go on to influence 1990s hip-hop and G-funk.

Clinton is regarded, along with James Brown and Sly Stone, as one of the foremost innovators of funk music. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997, alongside 15 other members of Parliament-Funkadelic. In 2019, he and Parliament-Funkadelic were given Grammy Lifetime Achievement Awards.
Second Heath shadow cabinet
The Second Shadow Cabinet of Edward Heath was created after the Conservative Party lost the February 1974 general election. It was led by the Leader of the Conservative Party Edward Heath and featured prominent Conservative politicians both past and future. Included was Heath's successor Margaret Thatcher, the future Home Secretary William Whitelaw, and two future Foreign Secretaries, Lord Carrington and Francis Pym.

Peter Walker, Baron Walker of Worcester
Peter Edward Walker, Baron Walker of Worcester, MBE, PC (25 March 1932 – 23 June 2010) was a British Conservative politician who served in Cabinet under Edward Heath and Margaret Thatcher. He was Member of Parliament (MP) for Worcester from 1961 to 1992 and was made a life peer in 1992.

Walker became the youngest National Chairman of the Young Conservatives in 1958. He was a founder of the Tory Reform Group, and served as Chairman of the Carlton Club.
South Middletown, Ohio
South Middletown is a former census-designated place (CDP) in Lemon Township, Butler County, Ohio, United States. The population was 264 at the 2000 census. The area of South Middletown is now within the city limits of Middletown.

Butler County, Ohio
Butler County is a county located in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 390,357. Its county seat and largest city is Hamilton. It is named for General Richard Butler, who died in 1791 during St. Clair's defeat. Located along the Great Miami River, it is also home to Miami University, a public university founded in 1809.
Butler County is part of the Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Linda C. Smith
Linda C. Smith is professor emerita at the University of Illinois School of Information Sciences. She has served as President of the Association for Information Science and Technology and the Association for Library and Information Science Education. Her scholarship has been wide-ranging and she is particularly known for her research on the potential of information systems to support discovery and consideration of convergence curation. The first librarian to investigate Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Information Retrieval (IR), Smith also specified the role of AI as a human intermediary and identified the AI techniques of pattern recognition, representation, problem-solving, and learning as suitable for IR, claiming AI is just like a human librarian who helps users navigate information systems.

Information retrieval
Information retrieval (IR) in computing and information science is the task of identifying and retrieving information system resources that are relevant to an information need. The information need can be specified in the form of a search query. In the case of document retrieval, queries can be based on full-text or other content-based indexing. Information retrieval is the science of searching for information in a document, searching for documents themselves, and also searching for the metadata that describes data, and for databases of texts, images, or sounds. Cross-modal retrieval implies retrieval across modalities.

Automated information retrieval systems are used to reduce what has been called information overload. An IR system is a software system that provides access to books, journals, and other documents, as well as storing and managing those documents. Web search engines are the most visible IR applications.
Moesha
Moesha (/moʊˈiːʃə/, MOH-EE-shə) is an American television sitcom that aired on UPN from January 23, 1996, to May 14, 2001. The series stars R&B singer Brandy as Moesha Denise Mitchell, an African-American teenager living with her upper middle class family in the Leimert Park neighborhood of Los Angeles. It was originally ordered as a pilot for CBS' 1995–1996 television season but was declined by the network. It was then later picked up by UPN, which aired it as a mid-season replacement. It went on to become the biggest success for the nascent network and one of the greatest hits over the course of the network's entire run. The series was a joint production for UPN by Regan Jon Productions, Saradipity Productions, and Jump at the Sun Productions in association with Big Ticket Television.

Mo'Nique
Monique Angela Hicks (née Imes; born December 11, 1967), known mononymously as Mo'Nique, is an American comedian and Academy Award winning actress. She debuted as a member of The Queens of Comedy and earned recognition as a stand-up comedian. In 2002, she received a nomination for the Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album. She transitioned to mainstream roles starring in the UPN series The Parkers (1999–2004) and the films Phat Girlz (2006) and Welcome Home Roscoe Jenkins (2008).

Mo'Nique was critically acclaimed for her performance in the film Precious (2009), for which she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, becoming the fourth African-American woman to win the award, in addition to accolades at the BAFTA, Golden Globe, and Screen Actors Guild Awards. After hosting her talk show The Mo'Nique Show (2009–2011), she earned a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for the HBO film Bessie (2015) and starred in Lee Daniels' Netflix film The Deliverance (2024).
Bernard Kitungi
Bernard Kitungi is a Kenyan politician. He was a member of the 11th Parliament of Kenya for Mwingi West Constituency in Kitui County. He was elected to Parliament on the ticket of the Wiper Democratic Movement - Kenya (WDM-K), with the support of the CORD Coalition, in 2013.

Wiper Patriotic Front
The Wiper Patriotic Front (WPF), until 2025 known as the Wiper Democratic Movement–Kenya (WDM), and originally called the Orange Democratic Movement–Kenya (ODM–Kenya), is a political party in Kenya, which originated as a result of the 2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum. The party tends to be more popular among the Kamba people. It is headed by Kalonzo Musyoka, who ran for president in 2007 and served as the vice-president in the Grand Coalition of Mwai Kibaki and Raila Odinga. WPF is now a member of the main opposition Azimio La Umoja coalition.
Antarctic Bay (Greenland)
Antarctic Bay (Danish: Antarctic Bugt) is a bay in the Greenland Sea coast of the Crown Prince Christian Land peninsula, King Frederick VIII Land, Northeastern Greenland. Administratively the bay and its surroundings belong to the Northeast Greenland National Park.

The area of the bay is uninhabited.

Northeast Greenland National Park
Northeast Greenland National Park (Greenlandic: Kalaallit Nunaanni nuna eqqissisimatitaq, Danish: Grønlands Nationalpark) is the world's largest national park and the 10th largest protected area (the only larger protected areas consist mostly of sea). Established in 1974, the Northeast Greenland national park expanded to its present size in 1988. It protects 972,000 km2 (375,000 mi2) of the interior and northeastern coast of Greenland and is larger than the area of Tanzania, but smaller than that of Egypt. This means that the national park is bigger than 166 of the world's 195 countries. It was the first national park to be created in the Kingdom of Denmark and remains Greenland's only national park. It is the northernmost national park in the world and the second-largest by area of any second-level subdivision of any country in the world, trailing only the Qikiqtaaluk Region in Nunavut, Canada.
Panitumumab
Panitumumab, sold under the brand name Vectibix, is a fully human monoclonal antibody specific to the epidermal growth factor receptor (also known as EGF receptor, EGFR, ErbB-1 and HER1 in humans).

Panitumumab is manufactured by Amgen and was originally developed by Abgenix Inc.

In 2014, Amgen and Illumina entered into an agreement to develop a companion diagnostic to accompany panitumumab.

Companion diagnostic
A companion diagnostic (CDx) is a diagnostic test used as a companion to a therapeutic drug to determine its applicability to a specific person.

Companion diagnostics are co-developed with drugs to aid in selecting or excluding patient groups for treatment with that particular drug based on their biological characteristics that determine responders and non-responders to the therapy.

Companion diagnostics are developed based on companion biomarkers, biomarkers that prospectively help predict likely response or severe toxicity.

For example, there is an automatic immunohistochemistry staining machine for microscopy slides to highlight HER2 expression. This machine is classified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a companion diagnostic device for the drug trastuzumab which works on tumors that over-express HER2.
A Frost Scene
A Frost Scene is an 1827 oil painting by the British artist William Collins. Combining elements of landscape and genre paintings, it shows a variety of activities on a frozen-over river. Although Collins hoped to produce the work quickly, he ended up spending months bringing it up to completion.

It was commissioned in 1825 by the politician and art collector Robert Peel, them Home Secretary who paid five hundred guineas for the work. It was displayed at the Royal Academy's Summer Exhibition of 1827 at Somerset House in London. Today it is in the Yale Center for British Art in Connecticut as part of the Paul Mellon Collection.

Private collection
A private collection is a privately owned collection of works (usually artworks) or valuable items.  In a museum or art gallery context, the term signifies that a certain work is not owned by that institution, but is on loan from an individual or organization, either for temporary exhibition or for the long term. This source is usually an art collector, although it could also be a school, church, bank, or some other company or organization. By contrast, collectors of books, even if they collect for aesthetic reasons (fine bookbindings or illuminated manuscripts for example), are called bibliophiles, and their collections are typically referred to as libraries.
Waiswa
Waiswa is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Waiswa (born 1987), Ugandan cricketer

Kenneth Waiswa (born 1998), Ugandan cricketer

Moses Waiswa (born 1997), Ugandan footballer

Peter Kyobe Waiswa (born 1971), Ugandan researcher

Sarah Waiswa, Ugandan photographer

Sarah Waiswa
Sarah Waiswa is a documentary and portrait photographer born in Uganda and based in Nairobi, Kenya. She won the 2016 Rencontres d'Arles Discovery Award for a series that explored albino persecution in sub-Saharan Africa. She was also recognized by the 2015 Uganda Press Photo Awards.
John Millman (cyclist)
John Earl Millman (August 4, 1930 – June 12, 2021) was a Canadian cyclist. He competed in the men's sprint event at the 1952 Summer Olympics. He also competed in the men's 10 mile scratch and 1 km time trials at the 1950 British Empire (Commonwealth) Games in Auckland, New Zealand, and was a heat winner of the 1000m Match Sprint at the 1954 British Empire (Commonwealth) Games in Vancouver, Canada. Millman died in Middlesbrough, England on June 12, 2021, at the age of 90.

Middlesbrough
Middlesbrough (/ˈmɪdəlzbrə/ ⓘ MID-əlz-brə), colloquially known as Boro, is a port town in the Borough of Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire, England. Lying to the south of the River Tees, it forms part of the Teesside built-up area and the Tees Valley. In 2021, it had a population of 148,215.