hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kashket
A kashket (Yiddish: קאַשקעט, from Polish  kaszkiet and Ukrainian  кашкет; from French  casquette 'cap'; also known as a kashkettel or kasket) is a cap, usually made of felt, worn mainly by Hasidic Jewish children as an alternative to the kippah. It has a crown, a band and peak. From the beginning of the 20th century until World War II, many Russian Jews and Polish Jews wore this cap as part of their everyday dress.

History of the Jews in Russia
The history of the Jews in Russia goes back to the beginnings of the Russian state. At one time, the Russian Empire hosted the largest population of Jews in the world. Within these territories, the primarily Ashkenazi Jewish communities of many different areas flourished and developed many of modern Judaism's most distinctive theological and cultural traditions, and they also faced periods of antisemitic discriminatory policies and persecution, including violent pogroms.

Many analysts have documented a "renaissance" in the Jewish community inside Russia since the beginning of the 21st century; however, the Russian Jewish population has experienced precipitous decline since the dissolution of the USSR which continues to this day, although it is still among the largest in Europe.
Society of African Missions
The Society of African Missions (Latin: Societas Missionum ad Afros; French: Société des Missions Africaines), also known as the SMA Fathers, is a Catholic religious society of apostolic life of pontifical right for men founded by Melchior de Marion Brésillac in 1856. They serve the people of Africa and those of African descent.

Members add the nominal letters S.M.A after their names to indicate their membership in the congregation. Fr. Antonio Porcellato is the superior general as of November 2022.

Pontifical right
In Catholicism, "of pontifical right" is the term given to ecclesiastical institutions (religious and secular institutes, societies of apostolic life) either created by the Holy See, or approved by it with the formal decree known by the Latin name decretum laudis ('decree of praise'). The term is included in the names of institutions, often capitalised in English: "Institute of [xxx] of Pontifical Right".

The institutions of pontifical right depend immediately and exclusively on the Holy See on matters of internal governance and discipline.
Abbey (Barking and Dagenham ward)
Abbey is an electoral ward in the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham. The ward has existed since the creation of the borough on 1 April 1965 and was first used in the 1964 elections. It returns councillors to Barking and Dagenham London Borough Council. The boundaries of the ward were subject to revision in May 1978, April 1994, May 2002 and May 2022.

1964 London local elections
The 1964 London local elections were held on 7 May 1964 alongside nationwide elections. They were the inaugural elections for the thirty-two London boroughs, which were created on 1 April 1965 by the London Government Act 1963. All seats were up for election, with polling stations open between 08:00 and 21:00.

The result was a landslide for the Labour Party, who won twenty of the boroughs. The Conservatives won nine, and three were under no overall control. Only sixteen Liberal councillors were elected in London, along with forty-nine residents and ratepayers candidates, three independents and three Communists. The result followed the convincing Labour gain of the new Greater London Council in the first GLC elections which had been held on 9 April.
Types of mesh
A mesh is a representation of a larger geometric domain by smaller discrete cells. Meshes are commonly used to compute solutions of partial differential equations and render computer graphics, and to analyze geographical and cartographic data. A mesh partitions space into elements (or cells or zones) over which the equations can be solved, which then approximates the solution over the larger domain. Element boundaries may be constrained to lie on internal or external boundaries within a model. Higher-quality (better-shaped) elements have better numerical properties, where what constitutes a "better" element depends on the general governing equations and the particular solution to the model instance.

Tetrahedron
In geometry, a tetrahedron (pl.: tetrahedra or tetrahedrons), also known as a  triangular pyramid, is a polyhedron composed of four triangular faces, six straight edges, and four vertices. The tetrahedron is the simplest of all the ordinary convex polyhedra.

The tetrahedron is the three-dimensional case of the more general concept of a Euclidean simplex, and may thus also be called a 3-simplex.

The tetrahedron is one kind of pyramid, which is a polyhedron with a flat polygon base and triangular faces connecting the base to a common point. In the case of a tetrahedron, the base is a triangle (any of the four faces can be considered the base), so a tetrahedron is also known as a "triangular pyramid".

Like all convex polyhedra, a tetrahedron can be folded from a single sheet of paper. It has two such nets.

For any tetrahedron there exists a sphere (called the circumsphere) on which all four vertices lie, and another sphere (the insphere) tangent to the tetrahedron's faces.
Caroga Creek
Caroga Creek is a river in Fulton and Montgomery counties in the U.S. State of New York. It begins at East Caroga Lake and flows south passing through Rockwood Lake before converging with the Mohawk River in the Hamlet of Palatine Church.

East Caroga Lake
East Caroga Lake is located in the Town of Caroga by Caroga Lake, New York. The lake provides excellent warm water fishing and rainbow trout fishing. The lake is connected to West Caroga Lake by a small channel.
Origin of the name, "Caroga" is derived from the once nearby Indian Village known as "Caroga".
Moinuddin Haider
Moinuddin Haider, HI(M) (Urdu: معین الدین حیدر; born 5 June 1942) is a retired three-star rank general of the Pakistan Army, who later served as the Governor and Chief Minister (Chief Executive) of Sindh, and then as the Federal Interior Minister of Pakistan. He has also served as Chairman Askari Bank.

Chief minister
A chief minister is an elected or appointed head of government of – in most instances – a sub-national entity, for instance an administrative subdivision or federal constituent entity. Examples include a state (and sometimes a union territory) in India; a territory of Australia; a province of Sri Lanka or Pakistan; a federal province in Nepal; an autonomous region of Philippines; or a British Overseas Territory that has attained self-governance. It is also used as the English version of the title given to the heads of governments of the Malay states without a monarchy.

The title is also used in the Crown Dependencies of the Isle of Man (since 1986), in Guernsey (since 2004), and in Jersey (since 2005).

In 2018, Sierra Leone, a presidential republic, created the role of an appointed chief minister, which is similar to a prime minister in a semi-presidential system. Before that, only Milton Margai had the same position between 1954 and 1958.
Grand River Naval Depot
Grand River Naval Depot was a planned Royal Navy base on Lake Erie in what is now Port Maitland, Ontario, Canada.

Located at the mouth of the Grand River, the naval base was to have been built as a second Royal Navy naval base on Lake Erie intended to complement the base at Navy Island. It was to have stationed 1,000 sailors and 3 frigates. It was never completed and the site was abandoned by the Royal Navy. It is now the site of Esplanade Park in Port Maitland.

In 1815 Commodore Sir Edward Campbell Rich Owen had sent a letter to Lieutenant General Gordon Drummond of interest to establish a naval shipyard in the area and land was acquired from the Six Nations but nothing beyond the establishment of naval base with personnel was established in 1816.

Following the Rush Bagot Treaty, the base slowly wound down.  An 1820 survey was ordered and the base was re-established but closed permanently in 1834.

Port Maitland, Ontario
There is also a Port Maitland in the province of Nova Scotia; see  Port Maitland, Nova Scotia.

Port Maitland is a community of approximately 100 people in Haldimand County, Ontario, Canada. It is on the North shore of Lake Erie at the mouth of the Grand River.

At one time a canal connected the Welland Canal to the Grand River.
It was once a thriving commercial fishing village.  It is the home of the former Maitland Arms Hotel, a thriving rock n' roll venue from the late 1960s to mid 1970s.
Mikael Fredriksson
Mikael Fredriksson (born 15 October 1990) is a Swedish retired Paralympic swimmer who competed at international swimming competitions. He is three-time World and European medalist, he has also competed at the 2012 and 2016 Summer Paralympics but did not medal.

Para swimming
Para swimming is an adaptation of the sport of swimming for athletes with disabilities. Para swimmers compete at the Summer Paralympic Games and at other sports competitions throughout the world. The sport is governed by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC). Both men and women compete in para swimming, racing against competitors of their own gender.
Greetings & Readings
Greetings & Readings of Hunt Valley was the largest independent bookstore in Baltimore and was a member of the American Booksellers Association. The store occupied 30,000 square feet (2,800 m2) of retail and warehouse space on the second floor of the main Hunt Valley Towne Centre plaza, the final northbound destination of the Baltimore Light Rail, before closing in January 2019.

Hunt Valley Towne Centre
Hunt Valley Towne Centre, formerly Hunt Valley Mall, is an outdoor shopping mall in Hunt Valley, Maryland, with 58 stores. The development was constructed following the closure of Hunt Valley Mall (other than its anchor stores) in 2000. The new centre started operating in 2003. The anchor stores in existence today include Dick's Sporting Goods,  Burlington Coat Factory and Wegmans. Wal-Mart was located at Hunt Valley mall until late October 2007, when it moved two miles south to Cockeysville, Maryland. It was replaced by Best Buy, which closed in May 2012 as part of a nationwide downsizing. Near a gazebo located in the main street area of the center, there is a memorial to Chuck Thompson. Hunt Valley's official mascot was Hunter the Valley Bear prior to redevelopment.
Restore Our Future
Restore Our Future is a political action committee (PAC) created to support Mitt Romney in the 2012 U.S. Presidential election. A so-called Super PAC, Restore Our Future is permitted to raise and spend unlimited amounts of corporate, union, and individual campaign contributions under the terms of the Citizens United Supreme Court decision.

Restore Our Future was founded by Romney aides in 2010. Charles Spies, the group's treasurer and former general counsel for Romney's 2008 campaign for the Republican presidential nomination, described Restore Our Future as "an independent effort focused on getting Romney elected president." The group reported raising over $12 million in the first half of 2011, in the form of large donations from approximately 90 wealthy individuals and corporations. As of July 2012, Restore Our Future had raised more than $60 million, nearly half from Wall Street contributors. Spies declined to discuss specific contributors to the PAC.

Dummy corporation
A dummy corporation, dummy company, or false company is an entity created to serve as a front or cover for one or more companies. It can have the appearance of being real (logo, website, and sometimes employing actual staff), but lacks the capacity to function independently. The dummy corporation's sole purpose is to protect "an individual or another corporation from liability in either contract or import".

Typically, dummy companies are established in an international location—usually by the creator's "attorney or bagman"—to conceal the true owner of the often-illegitimate and empty company.
Mukhtar (name)
Mukhtar (also spelled Muktar, /ˈmʊktɑːr/ or "Mihtar") meaning "chosen" in Arabic: المختار, is the head of a village or mahalle (neighbourhood) in many Arab countries as well as in Turkey. The name is given because mukhtars are usually selected by some consensual or participatory method, often involving an election. Mukhtar or Mihtar is also a common name. In Arab countries such as Yemen it is more often a surname of Ottoman lineage (laqab), whilst in non-Arab Muslim countries it is common as a first name (ism).

Mahallah
A mahalla (Arabic: مَحَلَّة, romanized: maḥalla, also transliterated as mahallah, etc.) is an Arabic word that comes from the root ḥ-l-l (ح ل ل), and originally denoted a place where one makes a halt. It has been variously translated as district, quarter, ward, or neighborhood in many parts of the Arab world, the Balkans, West and Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and nearby nations. In the Maghreb, it referred to a military formation or campaign for tax collection in the service of the sultan and his makhzen.
The Legends (Tejano band)
The Legends are a Tejano "supergroup" of senior Tejano musicians. Members are Carlos Guzmán, Freddie Martínez Sr., Sunny Ozuna, and Augustín Ramírez. The group's first album ¿Qué Es Música Tejana? (2000) won a Latin Grammy Award as Best Tejano Album in 2001, and the group were nominated again at Latin Grammy Awards of 2007 for Otra Vez Raices (2006).

Sunny & the Sunglows
Sunny & the Sunglows (formed by songwriters Jimmie Lewing and Sunny Ozuna in Palacios, Texas) were an American musical group started 1959, and later known as Sunny & the Sunliners in 1963 after moving to San Antonio, Texas.
Cosmic mass
Cosmic mass may mean:

mass of the cosmos, see Mass of the observable universe
Cosmic mass distribution, see Cosmic microwave background radiation and Large-scale structure of the cosmos
Cosmic mass density, see Shape of the universe
Cosmic mass field, see Expansion of the universe
Cosmic mass function, see Friedmann equations

Techno-Cosmic Mass, a religious and musical event, promoted by Matthew Fox

Large-scale structure of the universe
The large-scale structure of the universe is the term in cosmology for the character of matter distribution at the scale of the entire observable universe.
Sky surveys and mappings of the various wavelength bands of electromagnetic radiation (in particular 21-cm emission) have yielded much information on the content and character of the universe's structure. The organization of structure appears to follow a hierarchical model with organization up to the scale of superclusters and filaments. Larger than this (at scales between 30 and 200 megaparsecs), there seems to be no continued structure, a phenomenon that has been referred to as the End of Greatness. The shape of the large scale structure can be summarized by the matter power spectrum.
3-propylmalate synthase
In enzymology, a 3-propylmalate synthase (EC 2.3.3.12) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

pentanoyl-CoA + H2O + glyoxylate  3-propylmalate + CoA

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are pentanoyl-CoA, H2O, and glyoxylate, whereas its two products are 3-propylmalate and CoA.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases that convert acyl groups into alkyl groups on transfer.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is pentanoyl-CoA:glyoxylate C-pentanoyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, 1-carboxybutyl-forming). Other names in common use include 3-(n-propyl)-malate synthase, 3-propylmalate glyoxylate-lyase (CoA-pentanoylating), beta-n-propylmalate synthase, and n-propylmalate synthase.  This enzyme participates in glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism.

Coenzyme A
Coenzyme A (CoA, SHCoA, CoASH) is a coenzyme, notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle. Every genome sequenced to date encodes enzymes that use coenzyme A as a substrate, and around 4% of cellular enzymes use it (or a thioester) as a substrate. In humans, CoA biosynthesis requires cysteine, pantothenate (vitamin B5), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

In its acetyl form, coenzyme A is a highly versatile molecule, serving metabolic functions in both the anabolic and catabolic pathways. Acetyl-CoA is utilised in the post-translational regulation and allosteric regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase and carboxylase to maintain and support the partition of pyruvate synthesis and degradation.
Buyeojip
Buyeojip (Korean: 부여집) is a historic restaurant in Dangsan-dong, Yeongdeungpo District, Seoul, South Korea. It opened in 1947 and specializes in the dishes gomtang and seolleongtang. The restaurant delivers and sells its soup around the country, and operates a branch restaurant in the Lotte World theme park.

Gomguk
Gomguk (Korean: 곰국), gomtang (곰탕), or beef bone soup refers to a soup in traditional Korean cuisine made with various beef parts such as ribs, oxtail, brisket, ox's head or ox bones by slow simmering on a low flame. The broth tends to have a milky color with a rich and hearty taste.
KFST
KFST (860 AM) and KFST-FM (94.3 FM) are radio stations in Fort Stockton, Texas, United States. They are owned and operated by the Fort Stockton Radio Co., Inc., and broadcast from studios southwest of the town on US 385. KFST broadcasts an adult contemporary format on AM and a country music format on FM with specialty Spanish-language programming; the stations share some news and talk programming.

KFST as an AM station began broadcasting in May 1954, after a multi-year delay induced by an ownership complication. The FM frequency debuted 20 years later, in 1974.

U.S. Route 385 in Texas
U.S. Route 385 (US 385) is a north-south U.S. highway that runs from Big Bend National Park in Texas to Deadwood, South Dakota. In Texas, the highway runs from Big Bend National Park to the Oklahoma state line, north of Dalhart. US 385 is part of the La Entrada al Pacifico trade corridor from Interstate 10 in Fort Stockton to Interstate 20 in Odessa.
Partofshikof Island
Partofshikof Island is an island in the Alexander Archipelago of southeastern Alaska, United States. It is part of the City and Borough of Sitka, and lies between the northern part of Kruzof Island and the northwestern part of Baranof Island. It is separated from Kruzof Island by Sukoi Inlet, and separated from Baranof Island by Neva Strait. Partofshikof Island has a land area of 34.177 km2 (13.195 sq mi) and no resident population.

Sitka, Alaska
Sitka (Tlingit: Sheetʼká; Russian: Ситка) is a unified city-borough in the southeast portion of the U.S. state of Alaska. It was under Russian rule from 1799 to 1867. The city is situated on the west side of Baranof Island and the south half of Chichagof Island in the Alexander Archipelago of the Pacific Ocean (part of the Alaska Panhandle). As of the 2020 census, Sitka had a population of 8,458, making it the fifth-most populated city in the state.

With a consolidated land area of 2,870.3 square miles (7,434 square kilometers) and total area (including water) of 4,811.4 sq mi (12,461 km2), Sitka is the largest city by total area in the U.S.
2018 IFSC Climbing World Cup
The 2018 IFSC Climbing World Cup was held in 14 locations. There were 22 events: 7 bouldering, 7 lead, and 8 speed events. The season began on 13 April in Meiringen, Switzerland, and concluded on 28 October in Xiamen, China.

The top 3 in each competition received medals, and the overall winners were awarded trophies. At the end of the season an overall ranking was determined based upon points, which athletes were awarded for finishing in the top 30 of each individual event.

The winners for bouldering were Jernej Kruder and Miho Nonaka, for lead Jakob Schubert and Janja Garnbret, for speed Bassa Mawem and Anouck Jaubert, and for combined Jakob Schubert and Janja Garnbret, men and women respectively.
The National Team for bouldering was Japan, for lead Austria, and for speed Russian Federation.

Speed climbing
Speed climbing is a climbing discipline in which speed is the ultimate goal. Speed climbing is done on rocks, walls and poles and is only recommended for highly skilled and experienced climbers.

Competition speed climbing, which takes place on an artificial and standardized climbing wall, is the main form of speed climbing. However, there are types of speed climbing that take place outdoors, such as climbing famous big wall climbing routes in the shortest times, notable examples being on El Capitan in Yosemite National Park.
Cape Vogel
Cape Vogel is a cape on the north coast of Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. It lies adjacent to Ward Hunt Strait and forms the northern point of Goodenough Bay. In 1874, Captain John Moresby, commanding HMS Basilisk named the cape after Sir Julius Vogel, the then Premier of New Zealand.

Ward Hunt Strait
The Ward Hunt Strait is a 30 km wide stretch of water in Milne Bay, separating Papua New Guinea from Goodenough Island in the D'Entrecasteaux Islands. The Dart Reefs and Keast Reef are located in the centre of the channel. The strait was named in honour of George Ward Hunt, First Lord of the Admiralty (1874-1877), by Captain John Moresby.
Major arterial circle of the iris
Major arterial circle of the iris" (also: "major circulus arteriosus of iris", or "circulus arteriosus iridis major") is a circular artery of the eye formed by anastomoses of the anterior ciliary arteries and long posterior ciliary arteries at the ciliary body. It supplies arterial blood to the iris, ciliary processes of the ciliary body, and anterior choroid.

The major arterial circle of the iris is situated within the ciliary stroma in the anterior part of the ciliary body near the root of the iris.

Anastomosis
An anastomosis (/əˌnæstəˈmoʊsɪs/, pl.: anastomoses) is a connection or opening between two things (especially cavities or passages) that are normally diverging or branching, such as between blood vessels, leaf veins, or streams. Such a connection may be normal (such as the foramen ovale in a fetus' heart) or abnormal (such as the patent foramen ovale in an adult's heart); it may be acquired (such as an arteriovenous fistula) or innate (such as the arteriovenous shunt of a metarteriole); and it may be natural (such as the aforementioned examples) or artificial (such as a surgical anastomosis). The reestablishment of an anastomosis that had become blocked is called a reanastomosis. Anastomoses that are abnormal, whether congenital or acquired, are often called fistulas.

The term is used in medicine, biology, mycology, cybernetics, as well as geology, and geography.
University of Montenegro Faculty for Sport and Physical Education
The University of Montenegro Faculty for Sport and Physical Education (Montenegrin: Fakultet za sport i fizičko vaspitanje Univerziteta Crne Gore Факултет за спорт и физичко васпитање Универзитета Црне Горе) is one of the educational institutions of the University of Montenegro. Its building is located in Nikšić.

Montenegrin language
Montenegrin (crnogorski / црногорски [tsr̩nǒɡorskiː]) is the standard variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Montenegrins. It is the official language of Montenegro. Montenegrin is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian, more specifically on Eastern Herzegovinian, which is also the basis of Standard Serbian, Croatian, and Bosnian.

The language used in Montenegro has historically and traditionally been called simply as Serbian. The idea of a Montenegrin standard language distinct from Serbian is a relatively recent political development that emerged in the late 1990s and early 2000s amid the breakup of Yugoslavia. It was closely associated with movements advocating Montenegrin independence from Serbia and Montenegro. Following independence, Montenegrin was designated the official language of Montenegro in 2007 with the adoption of a new constitution.