hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Qwen
Qwen (also known as Tongyi Qianwen, Chinese: 通义千问; pinyin: Tōngyì Qiānwèn) is a family of large language models developed by Alibaba Cloud. Many Qwen variants are distributed as open‑weight models under the Apache‑2.0 license, while others are served through Alibaba Cloud.

In July 2024, South China Morning Post reported that benchmarking platform SuperCLUE ranked Qwen2‑72B‑Instruct behind OpenAI's GPT‑4o and Anthropic’s Claude 3.5 Sonnet and ahead of other Chinese models.

Mixture of experts
Mixture of experts (MoE) is a machine learning technique where multiple expert networks (learners) are used to divide a problem space into homogeneous regions. MoE represents a form of ensemble learning. They were also called committee machines.
2009 Haitian Senate election
Elections for a third of the seats in the Senate of Haiti were held on 19 April 2009 (they were scheduled for March or April 2008, but were postponed), with a run-off to be held on 21 June 2009. Per the Constitution of Haiti, voters should renew ten of the thirty seats in the Senate, but as Pierre Emmanuel Limage (representing Fwon Lespwa, the party of President René Préval, for Artibonite), died in a car accident and Ultimo Compère (representing Fwon Lespwa for Centre; his term would have expired in 2008 regularly) and Rudolph H. Boulos (representing the Fusion of Haitian Social Democrats for Nord-Est) resigned, there were twelve open seats instead.

Constitution of Haiti
The Constitution of Haiti (French: Constitution d'Haïti, Haitian Creole: Konstitisyon Ayiti) is the supreme law of the Republic of Haiti. It was modeled after the constitutions of the United States, Poland and France. The latest version of the document was approved by Parliament in March 2011 and came into effect on June 20, 2012.
Leanne Trapedo Sims
Leanne Trapedo Sims is an American scholar and social justice activist. She is the Daniel J. Logan Professor of Peace and Justice and Chair of the Peace & Justice Studies Program at Knox College in Galesburg, Illinois. She is the author of Reckoning with Restorative Justice: Hawaiʻi Women’s Prison Writing (2023).

Knox College (Illinois)
Knox College is a private liberal arts college in Galesburg, Illinois, United States. Founded in 1837 by anti-slavery advocates, the college holds deep ties to the Underground Railroad movement.

With over 1,100 students enrolled representing 43 states and 56 countries, Knox College offers 99 majors and minors. The college is affiliated with the Associated Colleges of the Midwest, a consortium of leading liberal arts colleges across the Midwest.
Gerhard Andrey
Gerhard Andrey (born 21 January 1976) is a Swiss entrepreneur and politician who currently serves as a member of the Swiss National Council for the canton of Fribourg. A member of the Green Party of Switzerland Andrey was the Green Party's candidate for Federal Council in the 2023 Federal Council election to unseat incumbent FDP federal councillors, which did not succeed.

National Council (Switzerland)
The National Council (German: Nationalrat; French: Conseil national; Italian: Consiglio nazionale; Romansh: Cussegl naziunal) is a house of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland, representing the people. The other house, the Council of States, represents the states. As the powers of the houses are the same, it is sometimes called perfect bicameralism. Both houses meet in the Federal Palace of Switzerland in Bern.

The National Council consists of 200 members. Adult citizens elect the council's members, who are called national Councillors, for four year terms. Members are apportioned to the cantons in proportion to their population.
Ourapterygini
The Ourapterygini are one of the large tribes of geometer moths in the subfamily Ennominae. The tribe was described by Charles Théophile Bruand d'Uzelle in 1846. They are particularly plentiful in the Neotropics. Ourapterygini are generally held to be the youngest tribe of their subfamily, and at least seasonally have characteristic apomorphic asymmetrical processes of the anellus.

Many members of this tribe are remarkably butterfly like. The tribe contains more partially diurnal species than usual for geometer moths, and many do not have the cryptic coloration typical for the family. There is a tendency to light yellowish hues and either little or a quite bold pattern, making some species rather conspicuous. It is known that at least some are noxious to predators, and such coloration might be aposematic.

Crypsis
In ecology, crypsis is the ability of an animal or a plant to avoid observation or detection by other animals. It may be part of a predation strategy or an antipredator adaptation. Methods include camouflage, nocturnality, subterranean lifestyle and mimicry. Crypsis can involve visual, olfactory (with pheromones) or auditory concealment. When it is visual, the term cryptic coloration, effectively a synonym for animal camouflage, is sometimes used, but many different methods of camouflage are employed in nature.
2-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase
In enzymology, a 2-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.52) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

acyl-CoA + 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate  CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acyl-CoA and 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, whereas its two products are CoA and 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is acyl-CoA:2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate O-acyltransferase. This enzyme is also called 2-acylglycerophosphate acyltransferase.  This enzyme participates in glycerophospholipid metabolism.

Coenzyme A
Coenzyme A (CoA, SHCoA, CoASH) is a coenzyme, notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle. Every genome sequenced to date encodes enzymes that use coenzyme A as a substrate, and around 4% of cellular enzymes use it (or a thioester) as a substrate. In humans, CoA biosynthesis requires cysteine, pantothenate (vitamin B5), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

In its acetyl form, coenzyme A is a highly versatile molecule, serving metabolic functions in both the anabolic and catabolic pathways. Acetyl-CoA is utilised in the post-translational regulation and allosteric regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase and carboxylase to maintain and support the partition of pyruvate synthesis and degradation.
Grammy Award for Best American Roots Performance
The Grammy Award for Best American Roots Performance is an award category at the annual Grammy Awards. It was first presented in 2015.

The award was first approved by the board of trustees of the Grammy Awards in June 2014. According to NARAS, the award encompasses all of the subgenres of the American Roots category field, which include bluegrass, blues, folk and regional roots styles of music such as Cajun, Hawaiian, Indigenous, Polka, Zydeco, go-go, second line brass, swamp pop, and Conjunto music. The category is open for solo artists, duos, groups and other collaborations and is for singles or tracks only. It was joined by a sister category, Best Americana Performance, in 2023.

The Grammy is awarded to the performer(s) of the winning recording.

Swamp pop
Swamp pop is a music genre indigenous to the Acadiana region of south Louisiana and an adjoining section of southeast Texas. Created in the 1950s by young Cajuns and Creoles, it combines New Orleans–style rhythm and blues, country and western, and traditional French Louisiana musical influences. Although a fairly obscure genre, swamp pop maintains a large audience in its south Louisiana and southeast Texas homeland, and it has acquired a small but passionate cult following in the United Kingdom, and Northern Europe.
Gold Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role
Gold Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role is an award given by Zee TV as part of its annual Gold Awards for Indian television series and artists, to recognize a male actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a supporting role.

The award was first awarded in 2007 and since has been separated in two categories, Critics Award and Popular Award. Critics Award is given by the chosen jury of critics assigned to the function while Popular Award is given on the basis of public voting.

Doli Armaano Ki
Doli Armaanon Ki (transl. Palanquin of Dreams) is an Indian television drama series which premiered on 2 December 2013, and ran until 25 September 2015. It aired on Zee TV. It stars Neha Marda and Mohit Malik as Urmi and Samrat Singh Rathore in the lead roles. Initially Mohit Malik rejected the role then Rahil Azam was signed for the show but was eventually replaced by Mohit Malik.
Isiaka Oladayo Amao
Isiaka Oladayo Amaolistenⓘ CFR psc DFS GSS RBS GSM QFI fndu MSc MMSc (born 14 September 1965) is a retired Nigerian air marshal and a former Chief of the Air Staff of the Nigerian Air Force (NAF) appointed on 26 January 2021 by President Muhammadu Buhari.

Psc (military)
psc is a post-nominal for Post Staff College (formally Passed Staff College) in the Commonwealth militaries of Bangladesh, India, New Zealand, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and the United Kingdom. It indicates that an officer has undertaken the staff officer course at a staff college.
Duti Krushna Panda
Duti Krushna Panda (July 1, 1923 – May 5, 2019) was an Indian politician and leader of Communist Party of India. He was a former member of Lok Sabha from Bhanjanagar (Presently Aska) Lok Sabha constituency in 1971. He was also elected as Member of Legislative Assembly in 1990 from Aska Constituency. He was the secretary of CPI Odisha state council and president of AITUC. He was actively associated with several trade unions and was the founder president of Odisha Anganwardi Workers' Association. He was also the president of Ganjam district sugar growers' association.

Aska Assembly constituency
Aska (Sl. No.: 128) is a Vidhan Sabha constituency of Ganjam district, Odisha.

This constituency includes Aska, Aska block and 12 GPs (Subalaya, Kaniari, Barida, Paikajamuna, Sunapalli, Sialia, Nandiagada, Borasingi, Ambapua, Baliasara, Bolasara and Sunarijhola) of Kabisuryanagar block.
Malcolm Stedman
Malcolm Stedman (born 28 April 1948) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who played for Bedfordshire. He was born in West Ham, Essex.

Having made his debut cricketing appearance at the age of just 18 for Essex Young Amateurs, Stedman turned out in the Minor Counties Championship for the first time in 1974, he had to wait until 1982 for his only List A appearance, in the NatWest Bank Trophy competition. Batting in the opening order, Stedman scored seven runs in the match.

Between 2003 and 2006, Stedman played for Bedfordshire in the Over-50s County Championship.

Bedfordshire County Cricket Club
Bedfordshire County Cricket Club is one of 20 Minor County clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Bedfordshire.

The team is currently a member of the Minor Counties Championship Eastern Division and plays in the MCCA Knockout Trophy. Bedfordshire played List A matches occasionally from 1967 until 2005 but is not classified as a List A team.
Kim Sung-kyun
Kim Sung-kyun (Korean: 김성균; born May 25, 1980) is a South Korean character actor. He began his career in theater in 2003, remaining active as a theater actor in Daehangno (akin to Off-Broadway) from 2004 to 2012. In 2012, he transitioned to film, making his Chungmuro debut in a series of formidable villain roles. These included a gangster in Nameless Gangster: Rules of the Time, a serial killer in The Neighbor, a National Intelligence Service agent in Secretly, Greatly, and a knifeman in Hwayi: A Monster Boy. He ventured into television with supporting roles in Reply 1994 (2013), Reply 1988 (2015–2016), and Moon Lovers: Scarlet Heart Ryeo (2016), as well as leading roles in series D.P. (2021–2023) and Divorce Attorney Shin (2023).

Nameless Gangster: Rules of the Time
Nameless Gangster: Rules of the Time (Korean: 범죄와의 전쟁: 나쁜놈들 전성시대; lit. War on Crime: The Golden Age of the Bad Guys) is a 2012 South Korean gangster film directed by Yoon Jong-bin starring Choi Min-sik and Ha Jung-woo. The film is set in the 1980s and ’90s in Busan when corruption and crime was so rampant that the government declared war on it in 1990.

Time praised the film, calling it "the Korean mob film Martin Scorsese would be proud of."
Sakonnet Light
Sakonnet Light, built in 1884, is a sparkplug lighthouse near Sakonnet Point, Little Compton, Rhode Island, on the eastern side of the state.

The light was deactivated in 1954 after Hurricane Carol and was going to be destroyed, but local citizens protested, and eventually Carl and Carolyn Haffenreffer bought the lighthouse in 1961.  Explaining his decision to purchase the lighthouse, Carl Haffenreffer said, "I was afraid someone was going to paint it pink or haul it away for scrap."  The lighthouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The Friends of Sakonnet Lighthouse acquired the lighthouse in 1985, and it was reactivated by the United States Coast Guard in 1997.  A $1.45 million restoration of the lighthouse it was completed in 2012. The Friends of the Sakonnet Light were awarded the 2012 Rhody Award by the Rhode Island Historical Preservation and Heritage Commission for their work.

Caisson lighthouse
A caisson lighthouse (also referred to as a sparkplug lighthouse, or bug light) is a type of lighthouse whose superstructure rests on a concrete or metal caisson. Caisson lighthouses were developed in the late nineteenth century as a cheaper alternative to screwpile lighthouses. The caisson design was also more efficient as it could better withstand harsh weather, and was not as fragile. Caisson lighthouses usually have living quarters made of cast iron, although some brick examples are known. The two American nicknames were later coined because of the structure's shape.
Pelargonium grossularioides
Pelargonium grossularioides is a species of geranium known by the common names gooseberry geranium and coconut geranium. It grows primarily in the subtropical biome and is native to Cape Provinces, Free State (province), KwaZulu-Natal, Mozambique, and Tristan da Cunha. It is known in coastal California, Kenya, and parts of India as an introduced species. It is sometimes grown as a garden geranium.

Its common names come from the resemblance of the leaves to those of gooseberry and from the coconut scent of the leaves.

An annual or occasionally perennial, it has sparse, short hairs and a prostrate or sprawling habit. The leaves are round to broadly ovate, lobed, with the edges coarsely toothed. The inflorescence is an umbel of 3 to 50 flowers in pink to rose-purple. Each flower has five narrow petals no more than 6 millimeters long.

Umbel
In botany, an umbel is an inflorescence that consists of a number of short flower stalks (called pedicels) that spread from a common point, somewhat like umbrella ribs. The word was coined in botanical usage in the 1590s, from Latin umbella "parasol, sunshade". The arrangement can vary from being flat-topped to almost spherical. Umbels can be simple or compound. The secondary umbels of compound umbels are known as umbellules or umbellets. A small umbel is called an umbellule. The arrangement of the inflorescence in umbels is referred to as umbellate, or occasionally subumbellate (almost umbellate).

Umbels are a characteristic of plants such as carrot, parsley, dill, and fennel in the family Apiaceae; ivy, Aralia and Fatsia in the family Araliaceae; and onion (Allium) in the family Alliaceae.

An umbel is a type of indeterminate inflorescence.
A compressed cyme, which is a determinate inflorescence, is called umbelliform if it resembles an umbel.
Kooskia National Fish Hatchery
Kooskia National Fish Hatchery is a "mitigation" hatchery located on the Clearwater River within the Nez Perce Indian Reservation near Kooskia, in north-central Idaho.  Construction began in 1966 by the Army Corps of Engineers.  With funding provided by the United States per a water rights settlement the hatchery is managed and operated by the Nez Perce Tribe.  The production goal is to raise and release up to 600,000 juvenile spring Chinook salmon annually.

The fish hatchery was the site of Looking Glass's village which was attacked on July 1, 1877 by U.S. army soldiers.  Looking Glass subsequently joined Chief Joseph to become a leader in the Nez Perce War.  A plaque describing the event and a nature trail on the site have been established by the Nez Perce.

Clearwater River (Idaho)
The Clearwater River is in the northwestern United States, in north central Idaho. Its length is 74.8 miles (120.4 km), it flows westward from the Bitterroot Mountains along the Idaho-Montana border, and joins the Snake River at Lewiston. In October 1805, the Lewis and Clark Expedition descended the Clearwater River in dugout canoes, putting in at "Canoe Camp," five miles (8 km) downstream from Orofino; they reached the Columbia Bar and the Pacific Ocean about six weeks later.

By average discharge, the Clearwater River is the largest tributary of the Snake River. The River got its name for the Niimiipuutímt naming as Koos-Koos-Kia - "clear water".

The drainage basin of the Clearwater River is 9,645 square miles (24,980 km2). Its mean annual discharge is 15,300 cubic feet per second (430 m3/s)
Quri Pawkara
Quri Pawkara (Quechua quri gold, pawkara a species of bird, (possibly Russet-backed oropendola) also spelled Coripaucara) is a  mountain in the Wansu mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,000 metres (16,404 ft) high. It is situated in the Apurímac Region, Antabamba Province, in the districts of Antabamba and Juan Espinoza Medrano. Its three peaks lie in a row from north to south northwest of Quri Waraqa.

Juan Espinoza Medrano District
Juan Espinoza Medrano District is one of the seven districts in the province of Antabamba, Peru. The district is named after Juan de Espinosa Medrano, the most prominent figure of the Literary Baroque of Peru.
Stromness, South Georgia
Stromness is an abandoned whaling station on the northern coast of South Georgia Island in the South Atlantic. It was the destination of Sir Ernest Shackleton's rescue journey in 1916. It is the central of three harbours in the west side of Stromness Bay, South Georgia.

The name "Fridtjof Nansen" or Nansen appeared for this harbour on some early charts, but since about 1920, the name Stromness has been consistently used. Its name, Stromness, derives from the similarly named town in the Orkney Islands, Scotland.

Stromness
Stromness (locally /ˈstrʌmnɪs/, Old Norse: Straumnes; Norn: Stromnes) is the second-most populous town in Orkney, Scotland. It is in the southwestern part of Mainland, Orkney. It is a burgh with a parish around the outside with the town of Stromness as its capital.
Potoki, Semič
Potoki (pronounced [pɔˈtoːki]) is a village in the Municipality of Semič in Slovenia. The railway line from Novo Mesto to Metlika runs just east of the settlement. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

Municipality of Semič
The Municipality of Semič (pronounced [ˈseːmitʃ]; Slovene: Občina Semič) is a municipality in Slovenia in the traditional region of White Carniola in southeastern Slovenia. The municipality is included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. Its seat is the settlement of Semič.
Grey's Anatomy season 5
The fifth season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy, created by Shonda Rhimes, commenced airing on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States on September 25, 2008 and concluded on May 14, 2009 with 24 aired episodes. The season follows the story of a group of surgeons as they go through their residency, while they also deal with the personal challenges and relationships with their mentors. Season 5 had 13 series regulars with 12 of them returning from the previous season, out of which 8 are part of the original cast. The season aired in the Thursday night time-slot at 9:00 pm. The season was officially released on DVD as a seven disc boxset under the title of Grey's Anatomy: The Complete Fifth Season – More Moments on September 9, 2009 by Buena Vista Home Entertainment.

The website Screen Rant ranked the season #3 on their 2023 ranking of the 19 Grey's Anatomy seasons.

Medical drama
A medical drama is a television movie or film in which events center upon a hospital, clinic, doctor's office, a paramedic, or any other medical topic or environment. Most recent medical dramatic programming goes beyond the events pertaining to the characters' jobs and portray some aspects of their personal lives. The longest running prime-time medical drama in the world is the British series Casualty, airing since 1986, and the longest running medical soap opera is General Hospital, running since 1963.
Yi Chehyŏn
Yi Chehyŏn (Korean: 이제현; Hanja: 李齊賢; 28 January 1288 – 24 August 1367) of the Gyeongju Yi clan, was a Goryeo politician, Neo-Confucian scholar, philosopher, writer and poet. He was the follower and disciple of Paek Ijŏng, and the father of Royal Consort Hye-bi, consort of King Gongmin.

Lee (Korean surname)
Lee, I, or Yi (Korean: 이; 리) is the second-most-common surname in Korea, behind Kim (김). As of the South Korean census of 2015, there were 7,306,828 people by this name in South Korea or 14.7% of the population.

Historically, 李 was written as Ni (니) in Korea. The spelling formally changed to I (이) in 1933 when the initial sound rule (두음 법칙) was established. In the McCune–Reischauer romanization of North Korea, it is romanized as Ri (리) because there is no distinction between the alveolar liquids /l/ and /r/ in modern Korean.
Satyajeet Bachhav
Satyajeet Bachhav (born 28 November 1992) is an Indian cricketer. He made his Twenty20 debut for Maharashtra in the 2015–16 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy on 3 January 2016. He made his List A debut for Maharashtra in the 2016–17 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 4 March 2017.

He was the joint-leading wicket-taker for Maharashtra in the 2018–19 Vijay Hazare Trophy, with fifteen dismissals in eight matches. He was also the leading wicket-taker for Maharashtra in the 2018–19 Ranji Trophy, with 28 dismissals in seven matches. He finished the 2018–19 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy as the leading wicket-taker in the tournament, with twenty dismissals in twelve matches.

2018–19 Ranji Trophy
The 2018–19 Ranji Trophy was the 85th season of the Ranji Trophy, the premier first-class cricket tournament that took place in India between November 2018 and February 2019. Vidarbha were the defending champions. The final took place between Vidarbha and Saurashtra, starting on 3 February 2019. Vidarbha defeated Saurashtra by 78 runs in the final, to become the sixth team in the tournament's history to retain their title.
Berrima Parish
The Parish of Berrima is a parish of the County of Camden in the Southern Highlands region of New South Wales. Berrima  is the largest town in the parish, and the parish includes the land to the north and north-east of this town. The Wingecarribee River forms part of the boundary of the parish in the south, although some of the land near Berrima that is to the south of the river is also included in the parish. Both the old and new Hume Highway pass through the parish from the south-west to the north-east. Gibraltar creek is part of the boundary in the north-east. Bowral and Mittagong are located just to the east of the parish, along with the Southern Highlands railway line. Mandemar is located in the north-west of the parish.

Berrima, New South Wales
Berrima (/bɛrəmə/) is a historic village in the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, Australia, in Wingecarribee Shire. The village, once a major town, is located on the Old Hume Highway between Sydney and Canberra. It was previously known officially as the Town of Berrima. It is close to the three major towns of the Southern Highlands: Mittagong, Bowral and Moss Vale.