hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Al-Omari Mosque (Bosra)
The Al-Omari Mosque of Bosra (Arabic: الْمَسْجِد الْعُمَرِي, romanized: al-Masjid al-ʿUmarīy) is a mosque in the Roman Ancient city of Bosra, Syria, a World Heritage Site. The mosque was founded by Caliph Umar, who led the Muslim conquest of Syria in 636 CE, and  it was completed in 721 CE by Caliph Yazid II. The mosque was renovated in the 12th and 13th century CE by the Ayyubid dynasties. The mosque was lightly damaged between 2012 and 2014, during the Syrian civil war. The mosque has been renovated, and is active.

Muslim conquest of Syria
The Muslim conquest of Syria (Arabic: فَتْحُ الشَّام, romanized: Fatḥ al-šām; lit. 'Conquest of Syria'), or the Arab conquest of Syria, was the conquest of Byzantine Syria by the Rashidun Caliphate that took place between 634–638 CE as part of the Arab–Byzantine wars and the wider Muslim conquests.

Clashes between the Muslims and the Byzantines on the southern Levantine borders of the Byzantine Empire had occurred previously during the lifetime of Muhammad, with the Battle of Muʿtah in 629 CE. However, the actual conquest did not begin until 634, two years after Muhammad's death. It was led by the first two Rashidun caliphs who succeeded Muhammad: Abu Bakr and Umar ibn al-Khattab. During this time, Khalid ibn al-Walid was the most important commander of the Rashidun army. In the aftermath of the conquest, Syria was brought under Arab Muslim rule and developed into the provincial region of Bilad al-Sham.
Abdul Ghafoor Shahbaz
Maulvi Syed Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Shahbaz (1857–1908) was an Indian Poet, Translator and Researcher of Urdu-language. He had his research on Kulliyat-e-Nazeer of Nazeer Akbarabadi. He had served as a professor at Aurangabad College and also the first Director of Public Instruction, Bhopal in 1905.

He was the founder and editor of Noor-e-Baseerat, a monthly literary magazine published from Bengal since its foundation in July 1884. He had also contributed to Darus Saltanat and Lucknow Awadh Panch, a satirical magazine.

Bihar Urdu Academy
Bihar Urdu Academy, also known as the Urdu Academy, Bihar, is a governmental organisation and institute based in Patna, the capital city of the Indian state of Bihar. It was established in 1972, and aims to promote the use of Urdu language within the state. As well as they provide diploma and various other courses degrees.
Timothy Lester
Timothy Adam Lester (born 25 March 1964) is a former English cricketer born in Hampstead.

He boarded at Stowe School on a cricketing scholarship, and attended Exeter University for his tertiary education.

Lester made his cricketing debut in the Minor Counties Championship for Oxfordshire during the 1984 season and played regularly for the team for eleven seasons, and he made a single first-class appearance, for Minor Counties, during the 1990 season. In the only innings in which he batted, he scored a valiant 4 runs before being caught off the bowling of Anil Kumble

Lester made seven List A appearances for Oxfordshire between 1989 and 1993. He was an upper-middle order batsman.

Currently, he works as an English Teacher at International Grammar School at Ultimo, in Sydney, Australia.

He also enjoys walking his Australian Kelpie x Staffordshire Bull Terrier along scenic routes.

Oxfordshire County Cricket Club
Oxfordshire County Cricket Club is one of twenty minor county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Oxfordshire.

The team is currently a member of the Minor Counties Championship Western Division and plays in the MCCA Knockout Trophy. Oxfordshire played List A matches occasionally from 1967 until 2004 but is not classified as a List A team per se.
Dead Moon Circus
The Dead Moon Circus (Japanese: デッドムーンサーカス, Hepburn: Deddo Mūn Sākasu) are a group of fictional characters from the Sailor Moon manga series created by Naoko Takeuchi. They serve as the main antagonists of the fourth arc, called Dream in the manga, Sailor Moon SuperS in its original anime adaptation, and Sailor Moon Eternal in the new anime adaptation. They are first introduced in chapter #39 "Dream 1 – Eclipse Dream", originally published in Japan on September 6, 1995. In the original English dubbed anime by Cloverway, they are called the "Dark Moon Circus".

The Dead Moon Circus is led by the twisted Zirconia, in command by the absence of the dark Queen Nehelenia who is trapped within a mirror. Zirconia is searching for the legendary Golden Crystal, which will allow Nehelenia to break free of her entrapment and take over the Earth. They are the only group of villains with two subordinate groups: the Amazon Trio and the Amazoness Quartet.

3 Juno
Juno (minor-planet designation: 3 Juno) is a large asteroid in the asteroid belt. Juno was the third asteroid discovered, in 1804, by German astronomer Karl Harding. It is tied with three other asteroids as the thirteenth largest asteroid, and it is one of the two largest stony (S-type) asteroids, along with 15 Eunomia. It is estimated to contain 1% of the total mass of the asteroid belt.
Tussekallen
Tussekallen ("The Gnome") is a mountain in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has a height of 729 m.a.s.l., and is located between the glaciers of Venernbreen and Eidembreen. Tussekallen is part of the mountainous district of Trollheimen.

Eidembreen
Eidembreen is a glacier in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has a length of about eighteen kilometers, and debouches into Eidembukta in Forlandsundet, between St. Jonsfjorden and Isfjorden. The glacier is named after Norwegian politician and naval officer Ole Thorenius Eidem. Eidembreen belongs to the mountain and glacier complex of Trollheimen. Further north are Austgötabreen and Huldrebreen, and to the south are Stallobreen and Heksebreen.
Jemma Barsby
Jemma Louise Barsby (born 4 October 1995) is an Australian cricketer who plays for South Australia and Adelaide Strikers. She has previously played for Queensland, Brisbane Heat and Perth Scorchers.

An all-rounder who can bowl with both hands, Barsby is the daughter of former Queensland Bulls opening batsman and coach Trevor Barsby.  She developed her ambidextrous off spin bowling skills as a child in her backyard, with assistance from her brother and encouragement from her father, and also has a penchant for switch hitting while batting.

All-rounder
An all-rounder is a cricketer who regularly performs well at both batting and bowling. Although all bowlers must bat and quite a handful of batsmen do bowl occasionally, most players are skilled in only one of the two disciplines and are considered specialists. Some wicket-keepers have the skills of a specialist batter and have been referred to as all-rounders, but the term wicket-keeper-batter is more commonly applied to them, even if they are substitute wicket keepers who also bowl.
St Helen's Church, Stapleford
52°55′54″N 01°16′28″W﻿ / ﻿52.93167°N 1.27444°W﻿ / 52.93167; -1.27444

Christianity portal

St. Helen's Church Stapleford is a parish church in the Church of England in Stapleford, Nottinghamshire.

The church is Grade II* listed by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport as it is a particularly significant building of more than local interest.

Stapleford cross in the churchyard is listed Grade I, and is also a scheduled ancient monument.

Department for Culture, Media and Sport
The Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It holds the responsibility for culture and sport, and some aspects of the media throughout the UK, such as broadcasting. Its main offices are at 100 Parliament Street, occupying part of the building known as Government Offices Great George Street.

It also has responsibility for the tourism, leisure and creative industries (some jointly with the Department for Business and Trade). The department was also responsible for the delivery of the 2012 Olympic Games and Paralympic Games.

From 2017 to 2023, the department had responsibility for the building of a digital economy and was known as the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. The responsibilities for digital policy were transferred to the newly created Department for Science, Innovation and Technology in the February 2023 cabinet reshuffle.
MercyOne Dubuque Medical Center
See Mercy Hospital for other medical facilities with the Mercy name.

MercyOne Dubuque Medical Center (formerly Mercy Hospital) is a non-profit medical facility located in Dubuque, Iowa. It is one of two hospitals located in the city – the other being Finley Hospital. The hospital is based primarily in Dubuque, with a critical access hospital in Dyersville, Iowa. Mercy is located just to the north of U.S. Highway 20 on Mercy Drive.

The hospital is a member of MercyOne. Mercy has 263 beds in the Dubuque location, along with another 25 acute beds and a nursing home at the Dyersville location.

In 2005 a cardiology center was opened at the hospital. This new heart unit is used for both inpatient and outpatient procedures. Mercy moved its Psychiatric Services into a totally renovated area in 2009 and opened the region's only Autism Center in July, 2010.

Dyersville, Iowa
Dyersville is a city in eastern Delaware County and western Dubuque County in the U.S. state of Iowa. It is part of the Dubuque, Iowa, Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 4,477 at the time of the 2020 census, up from 4,035 in 2000. Dyersville is known as the home of the Field of Dreams movie site, the National Farm Toy Museum, and the Basilica of St. Francis Xavier.
Generator matrix
In coding theory, a generator matrix is a matrix whose rows form a basis for a linear code. The codewords are all of the linear combinations of the rows of this matrix, that is, the linear code is the row space of its generator matrix.

Row and column spaces
In linear algebra, the column space (also called the range or image) of a matrix A is the span (set of all possible linear combinations) of its column vectors. The column space of a matrix is the image or range of the corresponding matrix transformation.

Let  be a field. The column space of an m × n matrix with components from  is a linear subspace of the m-space .  The dimension of the column space is called the rank of the matrix and is at most min(m, n). A definition for matrices over a ring  is also possible.

The row space is defined similarly.

The row space and the column space of a matrix A are sometimes denoted as C(AT) and C(A) respectively.

This article considers matrices of real numbers.  The row and column spaces are subspaces of the real spaces  and  respectively.
Fisch-Ton-Kan
Fisch-Ton-Kan is an opéra bouffe in one act by Emmanuel Chabrier of which only some numbers survive. The French libretto was by Paul Verlaine, and probably Lucien Viotti, after the 'parade chinoise' Fich-Tong-Khan ou L'orphelin de le Tartarie of 1835 by Thomas Sauvage (1794-1877) and Gabriel de Lurieu (1792-1869).

The title is tongue-in-cheek, as Fisch-Ton-Kan is a phonetic rendition of French fiche ton camp, which may be translated as "clear off!".

Gabriel de Lurieu
Gabriel de Lurieu (real name Gabriel-Zéphirin Gonyn de Lurieu; Paris, 28 October 1799 (7 brumaire year VIII)  – Paris, 5 February 1889 ) was a French author and playwright.

His brother Jules-Joseph-Gabriel de Lurieu (1792–1869), with whom he is sometimes mistaken, was also a playwright, who used the pseudonym "J. Gabriel", under which he cowrote the libretto for the opera La perle du Brésil by Félicien David, and the collective pseudonym "Monsieur Sapajou" (with Armand d'Artois and Francis d'Allarde).
1863 Maine gubernatorial election
The 1863 Maine gubernatorial election took place on September 14, 1863, in order to elect the governor of Maine. The National Union candidate Samuel Cony won his first one-year term as governor against Democratic candidate Bion Bradbury.

Governor of Maine
The governor of Maine is the head of government of the U.S. state of Maine. Before Maine was admitted to the Union in 1820, Maine was part of Massachusetts and the governor of Massachusetts was chief executive.

The current governor of Maine is Janet Mills, a Democrat, who took office January 2, 2019.

The governor of Maine receives a salary of $70,000, which is the lowest salary out of all 50 state governors, as of 2022. This will be raised to $125,000 upon a new governor taking office in 2026, per a bill passed in 2025, as the Maine Constitution prohibits changing the salary of the sitting governor.
Osbern of Gloucester
Osbern Pinnock of Gloucester (1123–1200) was an English Benedictine monk of St Peter's Abbey, Gloucester, and a lexicographical writer.

His Panormia, or Derivationes (Liber Derivationum), was a Latin word list compiled from about 1150 to 1180. It contained elements of both the glossary of rarer words, and derivations (based on etymology) and so was innovative; but at this stage the two aspects were kept separate. This work was printed by Angelo Mai in 1836 as Thesaurus novus latinitatis; its authorship is a later attribution of Wilhelm Meyer. It was widely circulated, and influenced later work of Huguccio.

Wilhelm Meyer (philologist)
Wilhelm Meyer (1 April 1845, Speyer – 9 March 1917, Göttingen) was a German classical scholar, initially a librarian and literary scholar, who worked also on musicology. He became professor of Classical and Medieval Latin Philology at the University of Göttingen. He was known as Meyer aus Speyer (Meyer from Speyer), from his birthplace Speyer.
Meyer wrote about the history of Greek and Latin hexameter poetry, famously suggesting the three Meyer rules for Hellenistic poetry (Wilhelm-Meyerschen Hexametergesetze).

He was an authority on the prosody of medieval Latin verse, publishing on it papers that were collected in three volumes of his Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur mittellateinischen Rhythmik. Die Oxforder Gedichte des Primas ... identified poems of Hugh Primas, up until then only a name. Der Gelegenheitsdichter Venantius Fortunatus (1901) worked out the chronology of the hymnodist Venantius Fortunatus.
Námestie Slobody
Námestie Slobody (Freedom Square), locally referred to as Gotko, is a major city square in the Old Town of Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia. It is situated in the wider city center, close to Kollárovo square and in front of the Summer Archbishop's Palace.

Old Town, Bratislava
The Old Town of Bratislava (Slovak: Staré Mesto, Hungarian: Óváros, German: Altstadt) is the historic center and one of the boroughs of Bratislava, in the Bratislava Region of Slovakia. It is coextensive with the smallest Slovak administrative district by area, Bratislava I. It contains the small, but preserved medieval city center, Bratislava Castle and other important landmarks. Bratislava's Old Town is known for its many churches, the Bratislava Riverfront and cultural institutions, it is also the location of most of the foreign states embassies and important Slovak institutions including the National Council of the Slovak Republic; the Summer Archbishop's Palace, seat of the Government of Slovakia; and Grassalkovich Palace, seat of the President of Slovakia.
Tambourine, Drum
Tambourine, Drum (Russian: Бубен, барабан, romanized: Buben, barsban) is a 2009 Russian drama film directed by Aleksey Mizgiryov.

The Silver Leopard for Best Director at the Locarno Film Festival and the Golden Eagle Award for Best Actress (Natalya Negoda).

Golden Eagle Award (Russia)
The Golden Eagle Award (Russian: премия Золотой Орёл, romanized: premiya Zolotoy Oryol) is an award given by the National Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences of Russia to recognize excellence of professionals in the film industry, directors, actors, and writers. Modelled after the American Golden Globe Awards, the formal ceremony at which the awards are presented is one of the most prominent award ceremonies in Russia, alongside the Nika Award.

The national Russian award is given out in 24 categories each January for motion pictures and TV series produced in Russia during the previous year. The awarding statuette is a silver eagle, originally made from copper with a jade pedestal, and was designed by sculptor Viktor Mitroshin. The design was later altered by the Spanish company Carrera y Carrera. The award was conceived by Nikita Mikhalkov as a counterweight to the Nika Award established in 1987 and run by the Russian Academy of Cinema Arts and Sciences in Moscow.
Wolfgang Assbrock
Wolfgang Assbrock (German: Aßbrock) (10 September 1952 – 6 December 2007) was a German politician.  He was a member of the CDU, and sat in the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia.

Assbrock was born in Herford, and earned a Fachhochschule degree in 1971. He held a number of positions in local industry, politics, and in the CDU in Herford, Enger, and Bielefeld from the 1970s. In 1999 he became local chairman of the CDU in Herford, and on 8 June 2005 he was elected to the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia.

Among other positions, he advocated a stronger role for Christian values against "postmodern arbitrariness" (postmoderne Beliebigkeit) and Islamic fundamentalism.

Landtag
A Landtag (State Diet) is generally the legislative assembly or parliament of a federated state or other subnational self-governing entity in German-speaking nations. It is usually a unicameral assembly exercising legislative competence in non-federal matters.

The States of Germany and Austria are governed by Landtage. In addition, the legislature of the Italian autonomous province of South Tyrol is known in German as a Landtag. Historically, states of the German Confederation also established Landtage. The Landtag of Liechtenstein is the nation's unicameral assembly.
Albany Capitals
The Albany Capitals joined the third incarnation of the American Soccer League in 1988. The team joined the American Professional Soccer League in 1990 when the ASL merged with the Western Soccer League.

The club was based in Albany, New York, and played their home games at Bleecker Stadium.

After the collapse of the NASL, the ASL took up the void. Several former NASL and International stars joined Albany including Chico Borja, Elvis Comrie and Hubert Birkenmeier (Cosmos), and England's World Cup star Paul Mariner (Ipswich, Arsenal).

Bleecker Stadium
Bleecker Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Albany, New York. The stadium was once a reservoir for the Albany public water system. Today it has a baseball diamond, football/soccer field, and a softball field used by area high schools, colleges, and youth and adult leagues. Bleecker Stadium hosts several post-season games and series, including the Capital District Pop Warner Super Bowls. The stadium is on Clinton Avenue which is to the south, Ontario Street is to the east, and Second Street is to the north. Swinburne Park borders Bleecker to the west.

In 2018 the stadium and neighboring Swinburne Park were added to the National Register of Historic Places.
Bruegel (think tank)
Bruegel is a think tank devoted to policy research on economic issues. Based in Brussels, it started operations in 2005 and currently conducts research in five different focus areas with the aim of improving economic debate and policy-making.

Bruegel was recognised as the best international economics think tank worldwide (non-US) and the second best think tank worldwide (US and non-US), according to the 2020 Global Go To Think Tank Report.

It has a governance and funding model based on memberships from Member States of the European Union, international corporations, and other institutions.

The Hotel Brussels
The Hotel Brussels is a four-star hotel in the Louise/Louiza district of Brussels, Belgium, owned and managed by the Swedish investment group Pandox. A landmark building, it originally opened as the Brussels Hilton in 1969. Pandox purchased the building in September 2010, assumed management in February 2011 and commenced a complete renovation of the 27 floors. The renovations were completed after a two-year period.

The hotel is located at 38, boulevard de Waterloo/Waterloolaan, between the Place Louise/Louizaplein and the Namur Gate, and next to the Egmont Palace. This area is served by the metro stations Louise/Louiza and Porte de Namur/Naamsepoort (on lines 2 and 6), as well as the tram stop Louise/Louiza (on lines 8, 92, 93 and 97).
Predictive coding
In neuroscience, predictive coding (also known as predictive processing) is a theory of brain function which postulates that the brain is constantly generating and updating a "mental model" of the environment. According to the theory, such a mental model is used to predict input signals from the senses that are then compared with the actual input signals from those senses. Predictive coding is member of a wider set of theories that follow the Bayesian brain hypothesis.

Bayesian inference
Bayesian inference (/ˈbeɪziən/ BAY-zee-ən or /ˈbeɪʒən/ BAY-zhən) is a method of statistical inference in which Bayes' theorem is used to calculate a probability of a hypothesis, given prior evidence, and update it as more information becomes available. Fundamentally, Bayesian inference uses a prior distribution to estimate posterior probabilities. Bayesian inference is an important technique in statistics, and especially in mathematical statistics. Bayesian updating is particularly important in the dynamic analysis of a sequence of data. Bayesian inference has found application in a wide range of activities, including science, engineering, philosophy, medicine, sport, and law. In the philosophy of decision theory, Bayesian inference is closely related to subjective probability, often called "Bayesian probability".
David McKee (ice hockey)
David McKee (born December 5, 1983) is an American professional hockey goaltender. He most recently played with the Quad City Mallards of the Central Hockey League during the 2011–12 season. McKee was formerly a star college goaltender at Cornell University.

ECAC Hockey
ECAC Hockey is one of the six conferences that compete in NCAA Division I for ice hockey. The conference used to be affiliated with the Eastern College Athletic Conference, a consortium of over 300 colleges in the eastern United States. This relationship ended in 2004; however, the ECAC abbreviation was retained in the name of the hockey conference. ECAC Hockey is the only ice hockey conference with identical memberships in both its women's and men's divisions.

Cornell University has won the most ECAC men's hockey championships with 14, followed by Harvard at 11. ECAC Hockey teams have won 10 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Championships, most recently in 2023.
Šaper
Šaper is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Daliah Saper (fl. 2005–2017), American attorney

Radomir Šaper (1925–1998), Serbian and Yugoslav basketball player and administrator

Srđan Šaper (born 1958), Serbian and Yugoslav musician

Srđan Šaper
Srđan Šaper (Serbian Cyrillic: Срђан Шапер; born 9 October 1958) is a Serbian businessman and former musician. He is the founder of I&F McCann Grupa. He was also a founder and a member of the Yugoslav new wave band Idoli in the 1980s.