hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lochside Park
Lochside Park is a cricket ground in Forfar, Scotland.  The ground has been used for cricket since at least 1873. In the latter part of the 20th century the ground was used to host matches for the Scotland national team and its reserve sides, the first of these being in 1984 when Scotland B played Durham University.

The ground held its first List A match when Scotland played Lancashire in the 1991 Benson & Hedges Cup.  Five further List A matches were played there, all involving Scotland in the Benson & Hedges Cup.  The last match of that type to be held there came in the 1998 Benson & Hedges Cup when Derbyshire were the visitors.

Lochside is still in use today by Strathmore Cricket Club.

Benson & Hedges Cup
The Benson & Hedges Cup was a one-day cricket competition for first-class counties in England and Wales that was held from 1972 to 2002, one of cricket's longest sponsorship deals.

It was the third major one-day competition established in England and Wales after the Sunday League and the Gillette Cup.  Traditionally a 'big day out' for the finalist's supporters, it was the less prestigious of the two cups. It began as a 55 over a side game, but was later reduced to 50.  The winning team in the first cup final in 1972, Leicestershire won £2,500, the losing finalists Yorkshire £1,000 and Chris Balderstone, winner of the man of the match – the coveted 'Gold Award' – £100.
Comparison of mail servers
The comparison of mail servers covers mail transfer agents (MTAs), mail delivery agents, and other computer software that provide e-mail services.

Unix-based mail servers are built using a number of components because a Unix-style environment is, by default, a toolbox operating system. A stock Unix-like server already has internal mail; more traditional ones also come with a full MTA already part of the standard installation.  To allow the server to send external emails, an MTA such as Sendmail, Postfix, or Exim is required. Mail is read either through direct access (shell login) or mailbox protocols like POP and IMAP. Unix-based MTA software largely acts to enhance or replace the respective system's native MTA.

Microsoft Windows servers do not natively implement e-mail, thus Windows-based MTAs have to supply all the necessary aspects of e-mail-related functionality.

Message delivery agent
A message delivery agent (MDA) or mail delivery agent is a computer software component that is responsible for the delivery of email messages to a local recipient's mailbox. It is also called a local delivery agent (LDA).

Within the Internet mail architecture, local message delivery is achieved through a process of handling messages from the message transfer agent, and storing mail into the recipient's environment (typically a mailbox).

Spam filtering usually occurs at the MDA under modern email architectures.
Vermont Route 215
Vermont Route 215 (VT 215) is a 9.16-mile-long (14.74 km) state highway in northern Vermont, United States.  It runs from an intersection with U.S. Route 2 (US 2) in Marshfield northeast to an intersection with VT 15 in Walden.  Its main function is to serve the town of Cabot, home of the famous Cabot Creamery. Cabot is a rather isolated town, and VT 215 is the only major road to pass within a few miles of the town. The entirety of VT 215 is town-maintained.

VT 215 is a connection between US 2 and VT 15. Several other Vermont highways contain numbers similar to roadways that they connect, such as VT 232 between US 2 and US 302, and VT 214 between US 2 and VT 14. It is not clear if this is intentional or not, as other routes do not follow this convention.

Cabot Creamery
The Cabot Creamery Cooperative is an American dairy agricultural marketing cooperative owned by Agri-Mark. The cooperative has a plant in Cabot, Vermont, but its administrative headquarters is in Waitsfield, Vermont.
Criminal law in the Taney Court
The Taney Court (the Supreme Court of the United States under Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, 1836–1864) heard thirty criminal law cases, approximately one per year. Notable cases include Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842), United States v. Rogers (1846), Ableman v. Booth (1858), Ex parte Vallandigham (1861), and United States v. Jackalow (1862).

Like its predecessor, the Taney Court exercised only limited appellate jurisdiction in criminal cases. Like its predecessor, it heard original habeas petitions, writs of error from the state courts, and certificates of division from the circuit courts. In addition, unlike its predecessor, the Court heard two writs of error from the territorial courts and three prerogative writs of mandamus and prohibition in criminal matters. The Court denied every petition for a prerogative writ that it received, habeas or otherwise.

Marshall Court
The Marshall Court refers to the Supreme Court of the United States from 1801 to 1835, when John Marshall served as the fourth Chief Justice of the United States. Marshall served as Chief Justice until his death, at which point Roger Taney took office. The Marshall Court played a major role in increasing the power of the judicial branch, as well as the power of the national government.
Pequannoc Spillway
The Pequannoc Spillway is a run-of-the-river spillway constructed in the 1920s as part of the Morris Canal system in the Pompton Plains section of Pequannock, New Jersey on one bank of the river and Wayne, New Jersey on the other bank.  The spillway creates usable waterfront land out of swamps and provides water retention by creating a backwater on the Ramapo River.  The structure is listed as part of the Morris Canal on the New Jersey Register of Historic Places as well as the National Register of Historic Places.  It is a sister structure to the Pompton dam which lies on the Pompton River.

Backwater (river)
A backwater is a part of a river in which there is little or no current. It can refer to a branch of a main river, which lies alongside it and then rejoins it, or to a body of water in a main river, backed up by the sea tide or by an obstruction such as a dam. Manmade restrictions to natural stream flow or temporary natural obstructions such as ice jams, vegetation blockage, or flooding of a lower stream can create backwater.
Mizuko Masuda
Masuda Mizuko (増田 みず子, Masuda Mizuko, born 13 November 1948, in Tokyo) is a Japanese writer.

Masuda attended the Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, where she obtained a diploma in plant immunology in 1973. She taught at the Department of Biochemistry at the Faculty of Medicine at Nihon University until 1980.

Masuda's first story "Shigo No Kankei" was nominated for the new writer's prize in Shincho magazine. In 1983, she was nominated six times for the Akutagawa Prize. She also won the Noma Award for "Jiyū jikan" (1985), the Kyōka Izumi Prize for "Shinguru Seru" (1986) and the Sei Itō Prize for "Tsukuyomi" (2001).

Noma Prize
The Noma Prizes were established by Shoichi Noma, or in his honor.  More than one award is conventionally identified as the Noma Prize.  Noma was the former head of Kodansha, the Japanese publishing and bookselling company. Kodansha is Japan's largest publisher of literature and manga.
Report to Congress on the Situation in Iraq
The Report to Congress on the Situation in Iraq (sometimes referred to as the Petraeus Report) was a two-part report released on September 10, 2007 by General of the Multinational force in Iraq David H. Petraeus and U.S. Ambassador to Iraq Ryan Crocker on progress by the Iraqi government in the ongoing Iraq War.

Politics of Iraq
Iraq is a federal parliamentary representative democratic republic. It is a multi-party system whereby the executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister of the Council of Ministers as the head of government, the President of Iraq as the largely ceremonial head of state, and legislative power is vested in the Council of Representatives.

The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Iraq an "authoritarian regime" in 2023. The Regimes of the World index rated Iraq 2024 an electoral autocracy.
Two Pesos
Two Pesos was a Tex-Mex restaurant chain in the U.S. state of Texas that opened in 1982 in Houston.  It was similar to Taco Cabana but Two Pesos never opened in Taco Cabana's home market of San Antonio.  The Two Pesos chain was sold to Taco Cabana in 1993 after losing a drawn-out trade dress suit that appeared before the United States Supreme Court.

Ghulam Bombaywala
Ghulam Mohammed "Bombay" Bombaywala is a Pakistani-American restaurateur in Houston. In 1999, Magaret L. Briggs of the Houston Press wrote that Bombaywala was "well-known" and "perhaps most famous for sharing his rags-to-riches tale with Oprah's audience". In 2006 Edward Hegstrom of the Houston Chronicle wrote "Bombaywala's rise to success is practically legend in Houston."
Šumavanka
The Šumava is an old breed of chicken originating in the Bohemian forest in the Czech Republic. Original Šumava chickens became extinct, but in the second half of 20th century, the breed was restored by crossing a few remaining animals from the original population with Czech gold brindle chicken, yellow Plymouth Rock, Rhode Island, New Hampshire and Wyandotte.

Hens produce around 180 eggs per year, each weighing about 58 grams (2.0 oz).

Bohemian Forest
The Bohemian Forest (known in Czech as Šumava (pronounced [ˈʃumava] ⓘ) and in German as Böhmerwald) is a low mountain range in the Czech Republic, Germany and Austria. The mountains extend from the Plzeň and South Bohemian regions into Upper Austria and Bavaria, and form the highest truncated uplands of the Bohemian Massif, up to 50 kilometres (31 mi) wide. They create a natural border between the Czech Republic on one side and Austria and Germany on the other.
2025 Hellenic Championship
The 2025 Hellenic Championship, also known as the Vanda Pharmaceutical Hellenic Championship for sponsorship reasons, was the inaugural edition of the ATP 250 Hellenic Championship. The event was played on indoor hardcourts at the OAKA Basketball Arena, a multi-purpose venue that was used for the 2004 Summer Olympics, in Athens, Greece. It replaced the Belgrade Open on the calendar. The event took place from 2 November to 8 November 2025.

ATP 250 tournaments
The ATP 250 tournaments are the lowest tier of annual men's tennis tournaments on the main ATP Tour, after the four Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Finals, ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, and ATP 500 tournaments. The winners of each tournament are awarded 250 ranking points—which accounts for the name of the series.

As of 2026, the series included 30 tournaments after the retirement of four tournaments (Atlanta, Córdoba, Lyon and Metz), the downgrade of two in 2025 (Estoril for a year, and Newport) and the upgrade of three tournaments to the 500 level (Dallas, Doha and Munich). Draws usually consist of 28 for singles, with Brisbane International (32) and Winston-Salem Open (48) being the only exceptions. Doubles draws consist of 16 teams.

Thomas Muster holds the record for most singles titles at 26, while Mike Bryan holds the record for most doubles titles won with 46.
Loss mitigation
Loss mitigation is used to describe a third party helping a homeowner, a division within a bank that mitigates the loss of the bank, or a firm that handles the process of negotiation between a homeowner and the homeowner's lender. Loss mitigation works to negotiate mortgage terms for the homeowner that will prevent foreclosure. These new terms are typically obtained through loan modification, short sale negotiation, short refinance negotiation, deed in lieu of foreclosure, cash-for-keys negotiation, a partial claim loan, repayment plan, forbearance, or other loan work-out. All of these options aim to  reduce financial risks for the lender (or investor).

Repayment plan
In finance, a repayment plan is a structured repaying of funds that have been loaned to an individual, business or government over either a standard or extended period of time, typically alongside a payment of interest. Repayment plans are prominent within the financial industry of a national economy where liquid funds are in high demand to assist in investment opportunities, governmental expenditure or personal finance. The term first saw prominence with its use by the International Monetary Fund to describe its form of financial loan repayment from individual nations.  Typically, the term "repayment plan" refers to the system of Federal Student Aid in the United States of America, which assists in covering tertiary education expenses of domestic students.
Trailer (computing)
In information technology, a trailer or footer refers to supplemental data (metadata) placed at the end of a block of data being stored or transmitted, which may contain information for the handling of the data block, or simply mark the block's end.

In data transmission, the data following the end of the header and preceding the start of the trailer is called the payload or body.

It is vital that trailer composition follow a clear and unambiguous specification or format, to allow for parsing. If a trailer is not removed properly, or part of the payload is removed thinking it is a trailer, it can cause confusion.

The trailer contains information concerning the destination of a packet being sent over a network. So for instance, in the case of emails, the destination of the email is contained in the trailer.

Metadata
Metadata (or metainformation) is data that defines and describes the characteristics of other data.  It often helps to describe, explain, locate, or otherwise make data easier to retrieve, use, or manage. For example, the title, author, and publication date of a book are metadata about the book. But, while a data asset is finite, its metadata is infinite.

As such, efforts to define, classify types, or structure metadata are expressed as examples in the context of its use. The term "metadata" has a history dating to the 1960s where it occurred in computer science and in popular culture. Different types of metadata serve different functions. For example, descriptive metadata for a document might include the author, creation date, file size and keywords.
IPrEx
iPrEx (from Spanish: Iniciativa Profilaxis Pre-Exposición, "pre-exposure prophylaxis initiative") was a phase III clinical trial to determine whether the antiretroviral medication emtricitabine/tenofovir (as tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) could safely and effectively prevent HIV acquisition through sex in men who have sex with men and transgender women.  iPrEx was the first human study of an HIV prevention strategy known as pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP.

The study began in 2007 at four study sites in Peru and Ecuador, following three years of extensive community and stakeholder consultation. In 2008 the study expanded to seven additional sites in Brazil, South Africa, Thailand and the United States.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is the use of medications to prevent the spread of disease in people who have not yet been exposed to a disease-causing agent. Vaccination is the most commonly used form of pre-exposure prophylaxis; other forms of pre-exposure prophylaxis generally involve drug treatment, known as chemoprophylaxis.  Examples include taking medication to prevent infection by malaria or HIV. In particular, the term PrEP is now synonymous in popular usage with the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention.

In general, the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis requires balancing the risks of the treatment (e.g., side effects from a drug) to healthy individuals with the risk of the disease.

It is contrasted with post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), which is used once the patient has already been exposed to the infectious agent.
Europe XI
The Europe XI is an association football scratch team mainly consisting of players from the UEFA region but, on occasion, players hailing from other continents playing for European teams are invited to play. The European XI play one-off games against clubs, national teams, collectives of other confederations, or a World XI made up of players from all the other continents. Because of this, no governing body in the sport officially recognises the team and each incarnation of the team is not seen as a continuation of any other. The causes for these games are anniversaries, testimonials or for charity. Proceeds earned from the games are donated to good causes and the players, coaching staff, and stadium owners are not paid for the event. In recent years, these games have been broadcast live on television.

Charity (practice)
Charity is the voluntary provision of assistance to those in need. It serves as a humanitarian act, and is unmotivated by self-interest. Various philosophical views about charity exist, which are often associated with religion.
Lists of stars by constellation
All stars but one can be associated with an IAU (International Astronomical Union) constellation. IAU constellations are areas of the sky. Although there are only 88 IAU constellations, the sky is actually divided into 89 irregularly shaped boxes as the constellation Serpens is split into two separate sections, Serpens Caput (the snake's head) to the west and Serpens Cauda (the snake's tail) to the east.

The only star that does not belong to a constellation is the Sun. The Sun travels through the 13 constellations along the ecliptic, the 12 of the Zodiac and Ophiuchus.

Among the remaining stars, the nearer ones exhibit proper motion, so it is only a matter of time before some of them cross a constellation boundary and switch constellations as a consequence. In 1992, Rho Aquilae became the first star to have its Bayer designation "invalidated" by moving to a neighbouring constellation—it is now a star of the constellation Delphinus.

Rho Aquilae
Rho Aquilae, ρ Aquilae, is the Bayer designation for a star in the northern constellation of Delphinus. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 4.94 and is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye in good conditions.
Fadil Gashi
Fadil Gashi (born 10 June 1968) is a politician and former Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) commander in Kosovo. He was a member of the Assembly of Kosovo from 2004 to 2007 and has served several terms in the local assembly of Klina. Gashi is a member of the Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK).

Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo
The Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo (Albanian: Kuvendi i Republikës së Kosovës; Serbian: Скупштина Републике Косово, Skupština Republike Kosovo), also known as the Kuvendi, is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Kosovo. It is directly elected by the people every four years. It was originally established by the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo in 2001 to provide 'provisional, democratic self-government'. On 17 February 2008, representatives of the people of Kosovo unilaterally declared Kosovo's independence and subsequently adopted the Constitution of Kosovo, which came into effect on 15 June 2008.
Alexis Henríquez
Alexis Hector Henriquez Charales (1 February 1983) is a Colombian retired professional footballer who played as a defender.

Henriquez is a two time winner of the Copa Libertadores. He first won the title with Once Caldas in 2004 and captained Atlético Nacional to its second title in 2016.

Liga DIMAYOR
The Liga DIMAYOR, commonly referred to as Liga BetPlay Dimayor due to sponsorship by online betting company BetPlay, is a professional association football league in Colombia and the highest level of the Colombian football league system.

A total of twenty clubs compete in the league's regular season. División Mayor del Fútbol Profesional Colombiano, better known as DIMAYOR, organizes the competition and operates the league system of promotion and relegation for both Liga DIMAYOR and Torneo DIMAYOR leagues. Since its foundation in 1948, sixteen teams have been crowned as Colombian football champions. The most successful club is Atlético Nacional with 18 titles. The league was ranked as the 11th strongest national league in the world at the end of 2023 by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics.
Matea
Matea is a feminine given name. It is the feminine form of the male name Mateo, Matej or Matija, which are Croatian forms of Matthew. It is derived from Matthaeus, which means "gift of God."

In Hebrew, the name Matea is a variant of Matityahu, meaning "gift of Yahweh." In Spanish, Matea is derived from Matilde, meaning "mighty in battle."

Notable people with the name include:

Matea Bošnjak, Croatian footballer

Matea Čiča, Croatian badminton player

Matea Ferk, Croatian alpine skier

Matea Gold, American journalist

Matea Ikić, Croatian volleyball player

Matea Jelić, Croatian taekwondo athlete, Olympic champion

Matea Matošević, Croatian long-distance runner

Matea Mezak, Croatian tennis player

Matea Parlov Koštro, Croatian long-distance runner

Matea Pletikosić, Croatian-Montenegrin handball player

Matea Samardžić, Croatian swimmer

Matea Sumajstorčić, Croatian swimmer

Matea Pletikosić
Matea Pletikosić (born 24 April 1998) is a Croatian-born Montenegrin handball player for RK Podravka Koprivnica and the Montenegrin national team.

She played for Croatia in youth categories, but chose to play for Montenegro on a senior level. She represented Croatia at the 2015 European Women's Youth Handball Championship in North Macedonia.

She represented Montenegro at the 2020 European Women's Handball Championship.
Rings in early Germanic cultures
Rings held a prominent position in early Germanic cultures, appearing both in archaeology throughout areas settled by Germanic peoples, and in textual sources discussing their practices and beliefs. They are notably associated with the related aspects of wealth, being used as forms of currency in the Early Medieval Period, and swearing sacred oaths, often dedicated to, or witnessed by, the gods. The sacrality of rings is reflected in Germanic mythology and ring bestowal held a central role in maintaining functional relationships between rulers and their retinues. The cultural roles of rings continued to varying extents during and after the Christianisation of the Germanic peoples, such as in gift-bestowal and oath-swearing.

Bracteate
A bracteate (from the Latin bractea, a thin piece of metal) is a flat, thin, single-sided gold medal worn as jewelry that was produced in Northern Europe predominantly during the Migration Period of the Germanic Iron Age (including the Vendel era in Sweden). Bracteate coins are also known from the medieval kingdoms around the Bay of Bengal, such as Harikela and Mon city-states. The term is also used for thin discs, especially in gold, to be sewn onto clothing in the ancient world, as found for example in the ancient Persian Oxus treasure, and also later silver coins produced in central Europe during the Early Middle Ages.
8th Vermont Infantry Regiment
The 8th Vermont Infantry Regiment was a three-year infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It served in both major theaters, first in Louisiana and then in Virginia, from February 1862 to June 1865. It was a member of the XIX Corps.

The regiment was mustered into Federal service on February 18, 1862, at Brattleboro, Vermont. It was engaged in, or present at, the Occupation of New Orleans, Raceland, Boutte Station, Bayou des Allemands, the Steamer "Cotton," Bisland, and Port Hudson, in the Department of the Gulf, and Opequon, Fisher's Hill, Cedar Creek, and Newtown in the Shenandoah Valley campaign.

Valley campaigns of 1864
The Valley campaigns of 1864 began as operations initiated by Union  Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant and resulting battles that took place in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia during the American Civil War from May to October 1864. Some military historians divide this period into three separate campaigns. This article considers them together, as the campaigns interacted and built upon one another.