hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
GLAM (cultural heritage)
GLAM is an acronym for galleries, libraries, archives, and museums, and refers to cultural institutions with a mission to provide access to knowledge. GLAMs collect and maintain cultural heritage materials in the public interest. As collecting institutions, GLAMs preserve and make accessible primary sources valuable for researchers.

Versions of the acronym include GLAMR, which adds records management, and the earlier form LAM, which did not specify galleries (due to being seen as a subset of museums, or else potentially confused with commercial establishments where art is bought and sold). Another form is GLAMA, which specifies academia, or GLEAM, which adds education.

Public interest
In social science and economics, public interest is "the welfare  or well-being of the general public" and society.

While it has earlier philosophical roots and is considered to be at the core of democratic theories of government, often paired with two other concepts, convenience and necessity, it first became explicitly integrated into governance instruments in the early part of the 20th century.

The public interest was rapidly adopted and popularised by human rights lawyers in the 1960s and has since been incorporated into other fields such as journalism and technology.
Red Beach (Santorini)
36°20′50″N 25°23′41″E﻿ / ﻿36.34732°N 25.39459°E﻿ / 36.34732; 25.39459Red Beach is a volcanic sand beach on the Aegean island of Santorini. The beach is famed for its titular red-hued sand, (oxidised iron) and is a noted for being a popular tourist attraction.

Aegean Islands
The Aegean Islands are the group of islands in the Aegean Sea, with mainland Greece to the west and north and Turkey to the east; the island of Crete delimits the sea to the south, those of Rhodes, Karpathos and Kasos to the southeast. The ancient Greek name of the Aegean Sea, Archipelago (ἀρχιπέλαγος, archipelagos), was later applied to the islands it contains and is now used more generally, to refer to any island group.

The vast majority of the Aegean Islands belong to Greece, being split among nine administrative regions. The only sizable possessions of Turkey in the Aegean Sea are Imbros (Gökçeada) and Tenedos (Bozcaada), in the northeastern part of the sea. Various smaller islets off Turkey's western coast are also under Turkish sovereignty.

The islands have hot summers and mild winters, a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa in the Köppen climate classification).
Richard R. Day
Richard R. Day is an American academic who is a professor of English as a second or foreign language (ESL) and Second language acquisition (SLA), at the University of Hawaiʻi. He has a Ph.D. from the University of Hawaiʻi, a Master of Arts degree for TEFL from Southern Illinois University, and a Bachelor of Arts degree from Brown University. Day's book Extensive Reading Activities for Teaching Language, co-edited with Julian Bamford, was published by Cambridge University Press. He has given numerous talks and workshops at conferences around the world. He has been a visiting professor at Hanoi University of Foreign Studies, Ha Noi, Vietnam, and Assumption University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Day was awarded the Milne Award for Significant Achievements in the Field of Extensive Reading at the Second World Congress on Extensive Reading at Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea on 14 September 2013.

Second-language acquisition
Second-language acquisition (SLA), second-language learning or L2 (language 2) acquisition, is the process of learning a language other than one's native language (L1). SLA research examines how learners develop their knowledge of second language.

SLA research spans cognitive, social, and linguistic perspectives:

Cognitive approaches investigate memory and attention processes.

Sociocultural theories emphasize the role of social interaction and immersion

Linguistic studies examine the innate and learned aspects of language.

Individual factors like age, motivation, and personality also influence SLA, as seen in discussions on the critical period hypothesis and learning strategies. In addition to acquisition, SLA explores language loss, or second-language attrition, and the impact of formal instruction on learning outcomes.
Exodontinae
Exodontidae is a subfamily of freshwater ray-finned fishes, the toothy or lepidophagous characins, belonging to the family Characidae. The fishes in this subfamily are found in South America. Until 2024, the family Characidae was considered to include many taxa, sometimes even including African taxa. However, in 2024 a molecular phylogenetic study showed that Characidae, which then included only Neotropical taxa, sensu lato was polyphyletic and the families Spintherobolidae, Stevardiidae, Characidae and Acestrorhamphidae were recognised, with Characidae being classified into five subfamilies, including Exodontinae.

Characiformes
Characiformes /ˈkærəsɪfɔːrmiːz/ is an order of ray-finned fish, comprising the characins and their allies. Grouped in 18 recognized families, more than 2000 different species are described, including the well-known piranha and tetras. Characins are most diverse in the Neotropics, where they are found in lakes and rivers throughout most of South and Central America. At least 209 species of characins are found in Africa, including the distichodontids, citharinids, alestids, and hepsetids. The rest of the characins originate in the Americas.

A few characins become quite large, and are important as food or game. Most, however, are small shoaling fish (or forage fish). Many species commonly called tetras are popular in aquaria because of their bright colors, general hardiness, and tolerance towards other fish in community tanks.
Chantiers aéronavals Étienne Romano
The S.A. des Chantiers aéronavals Étienne Romano (CAER) was an aircraft manufacturing company based in Cannes, France. The predecessor company, Chantiers aéronavals de la Méditerranée had been founded by Étienne Romano in 1921.

S.A. (corporation)
The abbreviation S.A. or SA designates a type of public limited company in certain countries, most of which have a Romance language as their official language and operate a derivative of the 1804, Napoleonic, civil law. Originally, shareholders could be anonymous and collect dividends by surrendering coupons attached to their share certificates. Dividends were paid to whoever held the certificate. Since share certificates could be transferred privately, corporate management would not necessarily know who owned its shares – nor did anyone but the holders.

As with bearer bonds, anonymous unregistered share ownership and dividend collection enabled money laundering, tax evasion, and concealed business transactions in general, so governments passed laws to audit the practice. Nowadays, shareholders of S.A.s are not anonymous, though shares can still be held by a holding company to obscure the beneficiary.
Oğuzhan Yazıcı
Oğuzhan Yazıcı (born 22 October 1977 in Hattingen) is a German politician serving as a member of the Bürgerschaft of Bremen since 2013. He has served as chairman of the Kommunalpolitische Vereinigung of the Christian Democratic Union in Bremen since 2015.

Bremen (state)
Bremen (German: [ˈbʁeːmən] ⓘ), officially the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (German: Freie Hansestadt Bremen; Low German: Free Hansestadt Bremen), is the smallest and least populous of Germany's 16 states. It is informally called Land Bremen ('State of Bremen'), although the term is sometimes used in official contexts. The state consists of the city of Bremen and its seaport exclave, Bremerhaven, surrounded by the larger state of Lower Saxony in northern Germany.
Lecheng, Botswana
Lecheng is a village located in the Central District of Botswana, about 20 km east of Palapye at the start of the western part of the mighty Tswapong Hills. It had 3,334 inhabitants at the 2011 census.

Tswapong Hills
The Tswapong Hills are a mountain range in the Central District, Botswana. They rise to an elevation of 300 to 400 m above the hardveld of the almost 900 m high surrounding plateau. Geologically, these flat-topped hills are similar to the Waterberg Massif, located about 100 km to the south.

The Tswapong Range receives relatively more moisture than the surrounding sandy plain of Mopane woodland. The rocky cliffs are made of porous rock that absorbs rainwater, which then seeps out forming permanent cascades and pools, such as the Phothophotho Gorge.

The Lotsane River flows at the feet of the Tswapong Hills on their northern side. One of the main attractions of the hills is the spectacular Moremi Gorge.
Taniec z gwiazdami season 27
The 27th season of Taniec z gwiazdami, the Polish edition of Dancing with the Stars began on 3 March 2024. This was the fourteenth season aired on Polsat. For the first time since autumn 2011, it was broadcast on Sunday. Iwona Pavlović came back as a juror among Ewa Kasprzyk, Rafał Maserak and Tomasz Wygoda, who replaced Andrzej Grabowski, Andrzej Piaseczny and Michał Malitowski. Krzysztof Ibisz and Paulina Sykut-Jeżyna returned as hosts while Izabela Janachowska didn't.

Michał Danilczuk, Marcin Hakiel, Sara Janicka, Jacek Jeschke, Katarzyna Vu Manh and Hanna Żudziewicz-Jeschke returned to the series as a pro and Kamil Gwara, Michał Kassin, Mieszko Masłowski, Magdalena Perlińska, Izabela Skierska and Daria Syta joined the pros.

On 5 May, Anita Sokołowska and her partner Jacek Jeschke were crowned the champions.

Krzysztof Ibisz
Krzysztof Ibisz ([ˈibiʂ], born 25 February 1965 in Warsaw) is a Polish game show host and television personality. He was a member of Polish Beer-Lovers' Party and a deputy in the Polish Sejm from 1991 to 1993.

He hosted the following Polish game shows (among other programs):

Czar par (1993–1996)

Życiowa szansa (2000–2002)

Awantura o kasę (2002–2005; 2024-)

Rosyjska ruletka (2003–2004)

Gra w ciemno (2005–2007)

Gdzie jest Kłamczuch? (2008–2009)

Dancing with the Stars. Taniec z gwiazdami (2014–)

Joker (2017–2018)

Łowcy Nagród (2020–)

The Real Housewives of Warsaw (2023)
The Economist (Lost)
"The Economist" is the third episode of the fourth season and 75th episode overall of the ABC's  serial drama television series Lost.  It was aired on February 14, 2008, on ABC in the United States and on CTV in Canada.  The episode was written by co-executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed by executive producer Jack Bender. In the episode's narrative, Sayid Jarrah (Naveen Andrews) and Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) negotiate for John Locke's (Terry O'Quinn) hostage Charlotte Lewis (Rebecca Mader), while physicist and Kahana crew member Daniel Faraday (Jeremy Davies) discovers that time on the island runs at an offset from the rest of the world. Another storyline follows Sayid working as an assassin after being rescued from the island.

"The Economist" was watched by 14 million American viewers and received positive reactions from critics.

Rebecca Mader
Rebecca Leigh Mader (born 24 April 1977) is an English actress, best known for her roles as Charlotte Lewis in the ABC series Lost, and as Zelena, the Wicked Witch of the West, on ABC's Once Upon a Time.
Diocese of Bayonne
The Diocese of Bayonne, Lescar, and Oloron, commonly Diocese of Bayonne, (Latin: Dioecesis Baionensis, Lascurrensis et Oloronensis; French: Diocèse de Bayonne, Lescar et Oloron; Basque: Baionako, Leskarreko eta Oloroeko elizbarrutia) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in France. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Bordeaux. The diocese comprises the département of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, in the région of Nouvelle-Aquitaine.

Its cathedral, the Cathédrale Notre-Dame in Bayonne is a World Heritage Site. Elsewhere in Aquitaine, the diocese contains two former cathedrals: the Ancienne cathédrale Notre-Dame de the Assumption, in Lescar; and the Ancienne cathédrale Sainte-Marie, in Oloron-Sainte-Marie.

Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French pronunciation: [pi.ʁe.nez‿at.lɑ̃.tik] ⓘ; Gascon Occitan: Pirenèus Atlantics; Basque: Pirinio Atlantikoak) is a department located in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the southwest corner of metropolitan France. Named after the Pyrenees mountain range and the Atlantic Ocean, it covers the French Basque Country and the Béarn. It is divided in three arrondissements and its prefecture is Pau. In 2019, it had a population of 682,621.
Björn Svensson
Björn Svensson (born 16 June 1986) is a Swedish professional ice hockey forward, currently an unrestricted free agent who most recently played for ERC Ingolstadt in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL). He is the older brother of Magnus Pääjärvi-Svensson, who plays in the Swedish Hockey League with Timrå IK.

Svensson has played in the Swedish Hockey League with Timra IK, Modo Hockey, Malmö Redhawks and Färjestad BK. In the midst of the 2016–17 season with Färjestad BK, having appeared in 31 games and compiling just 6 points, Svensson left Sweden in agreeing to a contract for the remainder of the year with German club, ERC Ingolstadt of the DEL on 13 January 2017. Svensson added 8 points in 16 games before suffering a preliminary playoff loss with Ingolstadt to the Fischtown Pinguins to conclude his tenure with ERC.

Modo Hockey
Modo Hockey (or MoDo with uppercase letters) is a professional ice hockey club in Örnsköldsvik, Sweden. The team currently plays in Sweden's second-tier league HockeyAllsvenskan after losing to HV71 after the play out following the 2024/25 season. The club was founded in 1921 and has won two titles, the SHL championships, in 1979 and 2007. The team's home arena since 2006 is the Hägglunds Arena (previously known as Fjällräven Center and Swedbank Arena). Before then, the team played at Kempehallen, beginning in 1964.
Fortriu
Fortriu (Latin: Verturiones; Old Irish: *Foirtrinn; Old English: Wærteras; Pictish: *Uerteru) was a Pictish kingdom recorded between the 4th and 10th centuries. It was traditionally believed to be located in and around Strathearn in central Scotland, but is more likely to have been based in the north, in the Moray and Easter Ross area. Fortriu is a term used by historians as it is not known what name its people used to refer to their polity. Historians also sometimes use the name synonymously with Pictland in general.

De Situ Albanie
De Situ Albanie (or dSA for short) is the name given to the first of seven Scottish documents found in the so-called Poppleton Manuscript, now in the Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris. It was probably written sometime between 1202 and 1214, in the reign of the William the Lion, by a French-speaking resident of Scotland (north of the Forth), as an introduction to the compilation.

The title is taken from the opening words of the piece, which reads:

"De Situ Albanie que in se figuram hominis habet quomodo fuit primitus is septem regionibus diuisa quibusque nominibus antiquitus sit uocata et a quibus inhabitata"
Alexe Gaudreault
Alexe Gaudreault is a Canadian pop singer from Dolbeau-Mistassini, Quebec. She gained recognition in 2013 as a participant in the first season of La Voix as a member of Marc Dupré's team. She became the first independent artist in fifteen years to reach number one on the BDS chart with her 2015 song "Placebo".

La Voix season 1
La Voix is the French Canadian version of The Voice. The first season of La Voix premiered on the TVA on 20 January 2013 and ended on 14 April 2013. It featured Marc Dupré, Jean-Pierre Ferland, Marie-Mai and Ariane Moffatt as the coaches. During the seasons mentors also took part. They were Daniel Bélanger, Claude Dubois, Annie Villeneuve and Fred St-Gelais. The series was produced by Stéphane Laporte and hosted by Charles Lafortune. The winner was Valérie Carpentier from Ariane Moffatt's Team.
Klinsky District
Klinsky District (Russian: Кли́нский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast and borders with Tver Oblast in the north, Lotoshinsky District in the northwest, Volokolamsky District in the west, Istrinsky District in the south, Solnechnogorsky District in the southeast, and with Dmitrovsky District in the east. The area of the district is 2,019.62 square kilometers (779.78 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Klin. Population: 127,779 (2010 census); 127,938 (2002 Census); 48,658 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Klin accounts for 63.1% of the district's total population.

Administrative divisions of Moscow Oblast
This is a list of the administrative and municipal divisions of Moscow Oblast, a federal subject of Russia.

Moscow Oblast is located in the Central Federal District of Russia, and surrounds Moscow, the capital of Russia.  While Moscow hosts the majority of the government bodies of the oblast, it does not officially serve as the oblast's administrative center and is not otherwise associated with the oblast either administratively or municipally.

The oblast is, like other Russian federal subjects, subdivided for the purposes of the state administration and for the purposes of the local self-government, the rights to which are guaranteed by the Constitution of Russia.  While the administrative and municipal divisions are not required by law to be identical, the system of municipal divisions in Moscow Oblast, having been created on the basis of existing administrative divisions, has only minor differences from the system of administrative divisions.
Athena relief of Sömek
The Athena relief of Sömek is a Greco-Roman rock relief, located some two kilometres north of the village of Sömek in Silifke district of Mersin province in Turkey, near the valley of the Limonlu river, the ancient Lamos. In antiquity, the river formed the border between "Rugged Cilicia" (Kilikia Tracheia) in the west and "Flat Cilicia" (Kilikia Pedias) in the east.

Limonlu River
The Limonlu River (Ancient Greek: Λάμος Lamos; Latin: Lamus), also known as Gökler Deresi, is a river of ancient Cilicia, now in Mersin Province, Turkey.

The river rises at Yüğlük Dağı in the Taurus Mountains and flows through deep gorges to the southwest until it reaches the Mediterranean Sea at Limonlu (the ancient Antiochia Lamotis) in the district of Erdemli. About halfway along its course it is receives the Susama Deresi from the west as a tributary.

In the town of Limonlu, about 500 metres west of the river mouth on a flat hill on the right bank is the medieval castle Lamos Kalesi. Below the castle a Late Ottoman bridge crosses the river, probably on the site of an earlier Roman bridge. North of the town are the remains of an aqueduct, which carried water from the river west to the ancient towns of Elaiussa Sebaste and Corycus.
Florida Cracker Trail
The Florida Cracker Trail runs from just east of Bradenton, and ends in Fort Pierce, a total distance of approximately 120 miles (190 km). In years past, this route was used for =cattle and horses. Today it includes parts of State Road 66, State Road 64, and U.S. Highway 98.

Fort Pierce, Florida
Fort Pierce is a city in and the county seat of St. Lucie County, Florida, United States. An hour north of West Palm Beach, the city is part of the Treasure Coast region of Florida’s Atlantic Coast. It is also known as the Sunrise City. Per the 2020 census, the population was 47,297.
Battle of Albuquerque
The Battle of Albuquerque was a small engagement of the American Civil War in April 1862 between Confederate Brigadier General Henry Hopkins Sibley's Army of New Mexico and a Union force of the Department of New Mexico under Colonel Edward R. S. Canby.

Department of New Mexico
The Department of New Mexico was a department of the United States Army during the mid-19th century. It was created as the 9th Department, a geographical department, in 1848 following the successful conclusion of the Mexican–American War, and renamed Department of New Mexico in 1853. It had to contend with an invading Confederate force during the New Mexico Campaign of the American Civil War from mid-1861 to early 1862, then with Apache tribes during the remainder of the conflict. It was merged into the Department of California after the end of the war as the District of New Mexico.
Su-Chun Zhang
Su-Chun Zhang (born 1963 in Wenling, Zhejiang) is an American stem cell researcher at the Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, where he has served since November 2024. He previously held positions at Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore and the University of Wisconsin–Madison.

Sanford Burnham Prebys
32°54′04″N 117°14′31″W﻿ / ﻿32.901192°N 117.241937°W﻿ / 32.901192; -117.241937

Sanford Burnham Prebys is an American nonprofit biomedical research institute located in La Jolla, California, conducting biomedical and translational research, including stem cell and drug discovery studies. It operates a National Cancer Institute-designated Cancer Center and conducts genomics research.
Edward Fawcett (anatomist)
Edward Fawcett (18 May 1867 – September 1942) was a British anatomist and embryologist, known for his research into the mammalian skeleton, particularly the skull and its developmental precursor structure, the chondrocranium. He held the chair in human anatomy at the University of Bristol (1893–1934) and was Dean of the university's Faculty of Medicine (1905–34). He was an elected fellow of the Royal Society (1923) and president of the Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland (1927–29). The physiologist Henry Dale describes him as a "foremost authority on the morphology and development of the mammalian skeleton".

Skeleton
A skeleton is the structural frame that supports the body of most animals. There are several types of skeletons, including the exoskeleton, which is a rigid outer shell that holds up an organism's shape; the endoskeleton, a rigid internal frame to which the organs and soft tissues attach; and the hydroskeleton, a flexible internal structure supported by the hydrostatic pressure of body fluids.

Vertebrates are animals with an endoskeleton centered around an axial vertebral column, and their skeletons are typically composed of bones and cartilages. Invertebrates are other animals that lack a vertebral column, and their skeletons vary, including hard-shelled exoskeleton (arthropods and most molluscs), plated internal shells (e.g. cuttlebones in some cephalopods) or rods (e.g. ossicles in echinoderms), hydrostatically supported body cavities (most), and spicules (sponges). Cartilage is a rigid connective tissue that is found in the skeletal systems of vertebrates and invertebrates.
Katozai
Katozai is a town and union council of Charsadda District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located at 34°16'54N 71°35'53E and has an altitude of 327 metres (1076 feet). Here many tribes of Puktoons are settled like Qazian, Yousafzai, Akhunzada, Mehmod Kheil, Sardar Kheil, Chawar Kheil, Pasand Kheil, Utman Kheil etc. Mehmod

34°16′54″N 71°35′53″E﻿ / ﻿34.28167°N 71.59806°E﻿ / 34.28167; 71.59806

Charsadda District, Pakistan
Charsadda District (Pashto: چارسده ولسوالۍ, Urdu: ضلع چارسدہ) is a district in the Peshawar Division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Prior to its establishment as a separate district in 1998, it was a tehsil within the Peshawar District. Mohamedzai Pashtuns make up the majority of the population of the district along with other minor tribes settled as well such as Uthmankhel, Mohmand, Kakakhel, Khattak. The district headquarter is the town of Charsadda, which was once part of the Peshawar ex-metropolitan region.