hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Galliate
Galliate is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Novara in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) northeast of Turin, about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest Milan and about 7 kilometres (4 mi) northeast of Novara.

Galliate borders the following municipalities: Cameri, Novara, Romentino, Cuggiono, Bernate Ticino, Robecchetto con Induno, Turbigo. It is home to a late-15th-century castle built under the Sforza family of Milan, and to the 16th-century sanctuary of Varallino, designed by Pellegrino Tibaldi.

The commune's territory is included in the Ticino River Natural Park.

Bernate Ticino
Bernate Ticino (Milanese: Bernaa [berˈnaː], locally Barnaa [barˈnaː]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan, in the northern Italian region of Lombardy, located approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Milan.

The town is situated on the Ticino River and is traversed by the Naviglio Grande. In 2005, a small Roman necropolis, comprising 12 tombs, was discovered within the territory of Bernate Ticino.
Aviva Silverman
Aviva Silverman (born April 8, 1986) is an American artist and activist who works in sculpture and performance. Their practice makes use of religion, gender nonconformity, miniatures, and nonhuman actors to investigate existing forms, in particular, technologies of spiritual and political surveillance. Silverman has exhibited at numerous galleries and museums including MoMA P.S.1, Atlanta Contemporary, and the Swiss Institute. Their work has appeared in Artforum, The New Yorker, BBC Radio, Art in America, Flash Art, and Art Papers.

MoMA PS1
MoMA PS1 is a contemporary art institution at 22-01 Jackson Avenue in the Long Island City neighborhood of Queens in New York City, United States. In addition to its exhibitions, the institution organizes the Sunday Sessions performance series, the Warm Up summer music series, and the Young Architects Program with the Museum of Modern Art. MoMA PS1 has been affiliated with the Museum of Modern Art since January 2000 and, as of 2013, attracts about 200,000 visitors a year.
Østerås station
Østerås is the terminal station on the Røa Line of the Oslo Metro. The station is located in Bærum municipality, 10.2 km from Stortinget and was opened on 16 November 1972, extending the line from Lijordet.

Østerås is a largely residential area. Next to the station is the middle school Østerås. The station also serves Eikeli Upper Secondary School.

Bærum
Bærum (Norwegian: [ˈbæ̂ːrʉm] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Greater Oslo Region in Akershus County, Norway. It forms an affluent suburb of Oslo on the west coast of the city. Bærum is Norway's fifth largest municipality with a population of 128,760 (2021). The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Sandvika. Bærum was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838.

Bærum has the highest income per capita in Norway and the highest proportion of university-educated individuals. Bærum, particularly its eastern neighbourhoods bordering West End Oslo, is one of Norway's priciest and most fashionable residential areas. The municipality has been voted the best Norwegian place to live in considering governance and public services to citizens.
Bill Hardiman
William Clyde Hardiman III is an American Republican politician from Michigan. He was the mayor of Kentwood, Michigan from 1992 to 2002. He then ran for Michigan state senate in 2002 in the 29th district, defeating Steve Pestka, and served from 2003 to 2011, when he retired due to term limits. He ran unsuccessfully for Congress in Michigan's 3rd congressional district. In June 2011 he joined the Michigan Department of Human Services, where he focuses on services for veterans.

Hardiman is a veteran himself, having served in the United States Army in Vietnam during the Vietnam War as a medic in an artillery unit from 1967 to 1968. He also served with the Americal Division and became a Specialist 5.

He has an associate degree from Grand Rapids Community College, a bachelor's degree from Grand Valley State University, and a master's degree in public affairs from Western Michigan University.

Michigan Senate
The Michigan Senate is the upper house of the Michigan Legislature. Along with the Michigan House of Representatives, it composes the state legislature, which has powers, roles and duties defined by Article IV of the Michigan Constitution, adopted in 1963. The primary purpose of the Legislature is to enact new laws and amend or repeal existing laws.

The Michigan Senate is composed of 38 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of between approximately 212,400 to 263,500 residents. Legislative districts are drawn on the basis of population figures, provided by the federal decennial census. In January 2023, Democrats took the majority with 20 seats to Republicans' 18 seats. The Senate chamber is located in the State Capitol building.
Inspector-General of Police (Malaysia)
The Inspector-General of Police (abbreviation: IGP; Malay: Ketua Polis Negara — KPN), also known as the Chief of Police, is the professional head and highest-ranking police officer of the Royal Malaysia Police (RMP; Malay: Polis Diraja Malaysia — PDRM). He is assisted by the Deputy Inspector-General of Police (DIG or DIGP; Malay: Timbalan Ketua Polis Negara — TKPN), he reports to the Minister of Home Affairs. The IGP is based at Bukit Aman, Kuala Lumpur which is the Headquarters of the RMP.

The current IGP is Mohd Khalid Ismail – having succeeded his predecessor, Razarudin Husain in June 2025.

Inspectors-General of Police currently are mandated to retire once reach the age of 60, but may be extended upon exceptional circumstances.

When the Inspector-General of Police is unable to perform his duties, is absent from work, or is on vacation, the Deputy Inspector-General of Police shall assume the duties of the Inspector-General of Police.

Minister of Home Affairs (Malaysia)
The current position for Malaysian Minister of Home Affairs (Malay: Menteri Dalam Negeri; Jawi: منتري دالم نڬري‎) is hold by Saifuddin Nasution Ismail since 3 December 2022. The minister is supported by the Deputy Ministers of Home Affairs, Shamsul Anuar Nasarah, since 17 December 2025. The Minister administers the portfolio through the Ministry of Home Affairs.
Hate Me (Ellie Goulding and Juice Wrld song)
"Hate Me" is a song by English singer Ellie Goulding and American rapper Juice Wrld, released as a single on 26 June 2019 through Polydor Records. It was premiered by Zane Lowe as his Beats 1's "World Record" on Beats 1 on 26 June. It was included on Goulding's fourth studio album, Brightest Blue (2020).

Zane Lowe
Alexander Zane Reed Lowe (born 1973) is a New Zealand radio DJ, live DJ, record producer, and television presenter. After an early career in music creation, production and DJing, he moved to the UK in 1997. He came to prominence through presenting on XFM and MTV Europe (MTV Two), developing a DJ career by opening sets for bands and eventually landing a slot on prime-time radio on BBC Radio 1 from 2003 to 2015. In 2015, he was hired by Apple to be the Creative Director of their new world-wide music station, Apple Music 1.
Soft tissue pathology
Soft tissue pathology is the subspecialty of surgical pathology which deals with the diagnosis and characterization of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of the soft tissues, such as muscle, adipose tissue, tendons, fascia, and connective tissues. Many malignancies of the soft tissues are challenging for the pathologist to diagnose through gross examination and microscopy alone, and additional tools such as immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and molecular pathology techniques are sometimes employed to obtain a definitive diagnosis.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis (pl.: diagnoses) is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon. Diagnosis is used in a lot of different disciplines, with variations in the use of logic, analytics, and experience, to determine "cause and effect". In systems engineering and computer science, it is typically used to determine the causes of symptoms, mitigations, and solutions.
Stephen Walsh (hurler)
Stephen Walsh (born 20 December 1985) is an Irish hurler who played as a right corner-back for the Limerick senior team.
In July 2013, he started at right corner back against Cork in the 2013 Munster Senior Hurling Championship Final which Limerick won by 024 to 0-15, their first title since 1996.
He announced his retirement from the Limerick team in November 2015.

Limerick GAA
The Limerick County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael, Coiste Chontae Luimneach) or Limerick GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Limerick. The county board is also responsible for the Limerick county teams.

The county hurling team has the fourth highest total of All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (SHC) titles, behind Kilkenny, Cork and Tipperary. The county football team was the first from the province of Munster both to win an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC), as well as to appear in the final.

As of 2009, there were 108 clubs affiliated to Limerick GAA — the third highest, alongside Antrim.
Thornhedge
Thornhedge is a 2023 novella by Ursula Vernon, writing under the pen name T. Kingfisher. The novella is a reimagining of the story of Sleeping Beauty. It won the 2024 Hugo Award for Best Novella and 2024 Locus Award for Best Novella.

Locus Award for Best Novella
The Locus Award for Best Novella is one of a number of Locus Awards given out each year by Locus magazine. Awards presented in a given year are for works published in the previous calendar year.

The first award in this category was presented in 1973.
Kalmar Verkstad
Kalmar Verkstad AB (KVAB) was a Swedish train and automobile manufacturer in Kalmar, Sweden that made the Tjorven and Terminal. KVAB was founded in 1902 and acquired by ABB in 1990, with the train manufacturing eventually becoming owned by Bombardier, which closed the factory in Kalmar in 2005.

Bombardier Transportation
Bombardier Transportation was a Canadian rolling stock and rail transport manufacturer, with headquarters in Toronto and Berlin. It was one of the world's largest companies in the rail vehicle and equipment manufacturing and servicing industry, prior to being acquired by Alstom in 2021. Bombardier Transportation had many regional offices, production and development facilities worldwide. It produced a wide range of products including passenger rail vehicles, locomotives, bogies, propulsion and controls. In February 2020, the company had 36,000 employees, and 63 manufacturing and engineering locations around the world. Formerly a division of Bombardier Inc., the company was acquired by French manufacturer Alstom on 29 January 2021.
HMS Gladiator (1783)
HMS Gladiator was a 44-gun fifth-rate Roebuck-class ship of the Royal Navy.  She was launched on 20 January 1783 by Henry Adams of Bucklers Hard.  She spent her entire career on harbour service, never putting to sea. Even so, her crew earned prize money for the seizure of two Russian and five American ships. Her static existence made her an excellent venue for courts-martial and a number of notable ones took place aboard her. She was broken up in 1817.

Fifth-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a fifth-rate was the second-smallest class of warships in a hierarchical system of six "ratings" based on size and firepower.
Cletus Clinker
Cletus Josiah "Red" Clinker (January 6, 1911 – January 12, 1979) was an American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at the University of South Dakota in 1942, compiling a record of 5–3. After one season at the helm, Clinker reported for duty at the U. S. Navy Pre-Flight School in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. He died on January 12, 1979, in Walnut Creek, California.

Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Chapel Hill is a town in the counties of Orange and Durham, North Carolina, United States. Its population was 61,960 in the 2020 United States census, making Chapel Hill the 17th-most populous municipality in the state. Chapel Hill and Durham make up the Durham–Chapel Hill, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 608,879 in 2023. When it is combined with Raleigh, the state capital, they make up the corners of the Research Triangle (officially the Raleigh–Durham–Cary, NC Combined Statistical Area), which had an estimated population of 2,368,947 in 2023.

The town was founded in 1793 and is centered on Franklin Street, covering 21.3 square miles (55 km2). It contains several districts and buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and UNC Health Care are a major part of the economy and town influence. Local artists have created many murals in the town.
2017 CAF Champions League final
The 2017 CAF Champions League final was the final of the 2017 CAF Champions League, the 53rd edition of Africa's premier club football tournament organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF), and the 21st edition under the current CAF Champions League title.

The final was contested in two-legged home-and-away format between Al Ahly of Egypt and Wydad AC of Morocco. The first leg was hosted by Al Ahly at the Borg El Arab Stadium in Alexandria on 28 October 2017, while the second leg was hosted by Wydad AC at the Stade Mohammed V in Casablanca on 4 November 2017. The winner earned the right to represent the CAF at the 2017 FIFA Club World Cup, entering at the quarterfinal stage, as well as play in the 2018 CAF Super Cup against the winner of the 2017 CAF Confederation Cup.

After the first leg ended in a 1–1 draw, Wydad AC defeated Al Ahly 1–0 in the second leg to win 2–1 on aggregate, and were crowned African champions for the second time.

1982 African Cup of Champions Clubs
The 1982 African Cup of Champions Clubs was the 18th edition of the annual international club football competition held in the CAF region (Africa), the African Cup of Champions Clubs. It determined that year's club champion of association football in Africa.

The tournament was played by 36 teams and was used a playoff scheme with home and away matches. Al Ahly SC from Egypt won that final, and became for the first time CAF club champion.
Herpestes lemanensis
Herpestes lemanensis is an extinct mongoose species that was excavated in Tertiary depositions in France and described by Auguste Pomel in 1853. Its body size equals a large Indian civet, but its dentition resembles that of the Indian grey mongoose.

Dentition
Dentition pertains to the development of teeth and their arrangement in the mouth. In particular, it is the characteristic arrangement, type, and number of teeth in a given species at a given age, as well as the morpho-physiology (that is, the relationship between the shape and form of the tooth in question and its inferred function) of the animal's teeth.
Sartorius Point
Sartorius Point is a sharp ice-free tipped point formed by an offshoot of Viskyar Ridge and marking the south extremity of Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  The point separates the termini of Zheravna Glacier to the west and Targovishte Glacier to the east.  The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.

The feature's name derives from 'Sartorius Island', the name used for Greenwich Island by James Weddell in connection with Admiral Sir George R. Sartorius (1790–1885), Royal Navy.

James Weddell
James Weddell FRSE (24 August 1787 – 9 September 1834) was a British sailor, navigator and seal hunter who in February 1823 sailed to latitude of 74° 15′ S—a record 7.69 degrees or 532 statute miles south of the Antarctic Circle—and into a region of the Southern Ocean that later became known as the Weddell Sea.
COVID-19 contact tracing in Taiwan
Contact information registration is a nationwide policy in Taiwan imposed by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) starting from May 2021 to April 2022. Contact Information registration is imposed as a part of the Taiwanese government's effort to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.

Contact information registration required citizens to scan a QR-code before entering a public space which would redirect the user to the user’s chosen SMS application and with a prewritten text message to the number “1922”. The purpose of the text message is to facilitate contact tracing since the message is kept by the service provider for 28 days. According to the CDC, the total amount of text messages sent for the duration of the policy exceeded 4.77 billion.

Executive Yuan
The Executive Yuan (Chinese: 行政院; pinyin: Xíngzhèng Yuàn) is the executive branch of the government of the Republic of China, known commonly as Taiwan, which formerly ruled mainland China until 1949.

The Executive Yuan was founded in 1928. Under the amended constitution, the head of the Executive Yuan is the Premier who is positioned as the head of government and has the power to appoint members to serve in the cabinet, while the ROC President is the head of state under the semi-presidential system, who can appoint the Premier and nominate the members of the cabinet. The Premier may be removed by a vote of no-confidence by a majority of the Legislative Yuan, after which the President may either remove the Premier or dissolve the Legislative Yuan and initiate a new election for legislators.
Blennius normani
Blennius normani is a species of combtooth blenny found in the eastern Atlantic ocean. It reaches a maximum length of 11 centimetres (4.3 in) SL. The specific name honours the British ichthyologist John Roxborough Norman (1898-1944) of the British Museum (Natural History).

John Roxborough Norman
John Roxborough Norman (1898 – 26 May 1944) was an English ichthyologist who named many species of fish. He is known for his works A History of Fishes (1931) and A Draft Synopsis of the Orders, Families and Genera of Recent Fishes (1957).
Guarapero/Lost Blues 2
Guarapero/Lost Blues 2 is an album by Will Oldham, released in 2000. It is his second compilation of singles, rarities, and live performances, after Lost Blues and Other Songs (1997). A third Oldham compilation, Little Lost Blues, was released in 2006.

The lyrics of "The Risen Lord," an alternative version of which appeared on the 2004 EP Black/Rich Music, are taken from a poem by D. H. Lawrence.  "Big Balls" is a version of a song by AC/DC (with lyrics rewritten by Oldham), and "Every Mother's Son" was originally performed by Lynyrd Skynyrd.

Will Oldham
Joseph Will Oldham (born January 15, 1970) is an American singer-songwriter and actor. From 1993 to 1997, he performed and recorded in collaboration with dozens of other musicians under variations of Palace (Palace, Palace Brothers, Palace Songs, and Palace Music). After briefly publishing music under his own name, in 1998 he adopted Bonnie "Prince" Billy as the name for most of his work.
Slavic water spirits
In Slavic paganism there are a variety of female tutelary spirits associated with water. They have been compared to the Greek Nymphs, and they may be either white (beneficent) or black (maleficent). They may be called Navki, Rusalki, and Vily.

The Proto-Slavic root *navь-, which forms one of the names for these beings, means "dead", as these minor goddesses are conceived as the spirits of dead children or young women. They are represented as half-naked beautiful girls with long hair, but in the South Slavic tradition also as birds who soar in the depths of the skies. They live in waters, woods and steppes, and they giggle, sing, play music and clap their hands. They are so beautiful that they bewitch young men and might bring them to death by drawing them into deep water.

Tutelary deity
A tutelary (/ˈtjuːtəlɛri/; also tutelar) is a deity or a spirit who is a guardian, patron, or protector of a particular place, geographic feature, person, lineage, nation, culture, or occupation. The etymology of "tutelary" expresses the concept of safety and thus of guardianship.

In late Greek and Roman religion, one type of tutelary deity, the genius, functions as the personal deity or daimon of an individual from birth to death. Another form of personal tutelary spirit is the familiar spirit of European folklore.
Burenoceras
Burenoceras is a genus of small, even tiny, Gasconadian cyrtoconic ellesmeroceratids in which the phragmocone—the chambered portion—is shorter that the living chamber.

In general form, Burenoceras is similar to Levisoceras, but much smaller. Two species, B. phragmoceroides and B. percompressum with contracted, slit-like apertures, are miniature forms resembling the much larger homeomorphic Silurian discosorid Phragmoceras and Devonian oncocerid Bolloceras.  Other Burenoceras have apertures that are variable straight sided or flaring.

Burenoceras is among what are referred to as microellesmeroceroids.

Aperture (mollusc)
The aperture is an opening in certain kinds of mollusc shells: it is the main opening of the shell, where the head-foot part of the body of the animal emerges for locomotion, feeding, etc.

The term aperture is used for the main opening in gastropod shells, scaphopod shells, and also for Nautilus and ammonite shells.

The word is not used to describe bivalve shells, where a natural opening between the two shell valves in the closed position is usually called a gape.

Scaphopod shells are tubular, and thus they have two openings: a main anterior aperture and a smaller posterior aperture.

As well as the aperture, some gastropod shells have additional openings in their shells for respiration; this is the case in some Fissurellidae (keyhole limpets) where the central smaller opening at the apex of the shell is called an orifice, and in the Haliotidae (abalone) where the row of respiratory openings in the shell are also called orifices.
Sierra de Vallejo
Sierra de Vallejo Biosphere Reserve is a protected natural area of western Mexico. It protects the Sierra de Vallejo, a Pacific coastal mountain range in southern Nayarit state. The reserve was established in 2004, and covers an area of 549.35 km2.

Protected natural areas of Mexico
There are currently 232 Protected Natural Areas in Mexico, covering 98 million hectares in total. They are protected and administered by the National Commission of Protected Natural Areas (Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas, or 'CONANP'), a federal agency under the Secretariat of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT). CONANP administers:

79 Mexican National Parks

48 biosphere reserves

57 flora and fauna protection areas

28 Mexican Nature Sanctuaries

15 natural resources protection areas

5 natural monuments
Outward Bound New Zealand
Outward Bound New Zealand (OBNZ) is a non-profit organisation providing experiential education in New Zealand. Its stated goal is to help participants reach their potential "through challenge in the outdoors". In total, more than fifty thousand students have attended the school.

Like other Outward Bound International member organisations, its educational philosophy is derived from the work of German educator Kurt Hahn. Its motto is a favourite saying of his, "plus est en vous" ("there is more in you").

The school is located in Anakiwa. Its governing body, Outward Bound Trust New Zealand, operates from Auckland.

Experiential education
Experiential education is a philosophy of education that describes the process that occurs between a teacher and student that infuses direct experience with the learning environment and content. This concept is distinct from experiential learning, however experiential learning is a subfield and operates under the methodologies associated with experiential education. The Association for Experiential Education regards experiential education as "a philosophy that informs many methodologies in which educators purposefully engage with learners in direct experience and focused reflection in order to increase knowledge, develop skills, clarify values, and develop people's capacity to contribute to their communities".  The Journal of Experiential Education publishes peer-reviewed empirical and theoretical academic research within the field.