hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
TransMeridian Airlines
TransMeridian Airlines was a charter airline based in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, operating under U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Regulations Part 121. It ceased all operations on September 29, 2005, after negotiations with creditors to restructure its debt failed.

Federal Aviation Regulations
The Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs) are rules prescribed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) governing all aviation activities in the United States. The FARs comprise Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR). A wide variety of activities are regulated, such as aircraft design and maintenance, typical airline flights, pilot training activities, hot-air ballooning, lighter-than-air aircraft, human-made structure heights, obstruction lighting and marking, model rocket launches, commercial space operations, model aircraft operations, unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) and kite flying. The rules are designed to promote safe aviation, protecting pilots, flight attendants, passengers and the general public from unnecessary risk.
Bolesław of Kuyavia
Bolesław of Kuyavia (also known as Mieszkowic) (Polish: Bolesław kujawski (Mieszkowic)) (c. 1159 – 13 September 1195) was a Duke of Kuyavia from 1186 until his death.

He was the eldest child (but third-born son) of Mieszko III the Old, Duke of Greater Poland and High Duke of Poland in 1173, by his second wife Eudoxia, daughter of Grand Prince Iziaslav II of Kiev.

Iziaslav II of Kiev
Iziaslav II Mstislavich (c. 1096 – 13 November 1154) was Grand Prince of Kiev (1146–1154). He was also Prince of Pereyaslavl (1132; 1143–1145), Prince of Turov (1132–1134), Prince of Rostov (1134–), and Prince of Volhynia (1134–1142). He is the founder of the Iziaslavichi branch of Rurikid princes in Volhynia.
Acidovorax
Acidovorax is a genus of within the family Comamonadaceae. The genus contains some plant pathogens, such as Acidovorax avenae, which causes bacterial fruit blotch on cucurbit crops. Other Acidovorax sp. perform Fe(II) oxidation in anaerobic environments, forming iron minerals in the soil.

Plant disease
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrates, or other pests that affect plant health by eating plant tissues and causing injury that may admit plant pathogens. The study of plant disease is called plant pathology.
Shahzeen Attari
Shahzeen Attari is a professor at the O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs at Indiana University Bloomington. She studies how and why people make the judgements and decisions they do with regards to resource use and how to motivate climate action. In 2018, Attari was selected as an Andrew Carnegie Fellow in recognition of her work addressing climate change. She was also a fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences (CASBS) from 2017 to 2018, and received a Bellagio Writing Fellowship in 2022.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (often abbreviated PNAS or PNAS USA) is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal. It is the official journal of the National Academy of Sciences, published since 1915, and publishes original research, scientific reviews, commentaries, and letters. According to Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2024 impact factor of 8.9. PNAS is the second most cited scientific journal, with more than 1.9 million cumulative citations from 2008 to 2018. In the past, PNAS has been described by US local newspapers as "prestigious", "renowned" and "high impact".

PNAS is a delayed open-access journal, with an embargo period of six months that can be bypassed for an author fee (hybrid open access). Since September 2017, open access articles are published under a Creative Commons license. Since January 2019, PNAS has been online-only, although print issues are available on demand.
Lerum Municipality
Lerum Municipality (Swedish: Lerums kommun) is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden, situated just east of Gothenburg. Its seat is located in the town of Lerum.

In 1969 the municipality got its present size when "old" Lerum was amalgamated with Skallsjö and Stora Lundby.

In 2007, Lerum Municipality launched a new logotype to be used instead of its official municipal coat of arms which features the head of an ox and three oak leaves. Municipal officials and PR staff felt the coat "outdated". Although no longer used, the coat of arms still has official status. The new logotype features a multi-coloured weaving pattern.

Västra Götaland County
Västra Götaland County  (Swedish: Västra Götalands län) is a county or län on the western coast of Sweden.

The county is the second most populous of Sweden's counties and it comprises 49 municipalities (kommuner). Its population of 1,616,000 amounts to 17% of Sweden's population. The formal capital and seat of the governor of Västra Götaland County is Gothenburg. The political capital and seat of the Västra Götaland Regional Council is Vänersborg.

The county was established on 1 January 1998, when Älvsborg County, Gothenburg and Bohus County and Skaraborg County were merged.
Don Quixote, Knight Errant
Don Quixote, Knight Errant (Spanish: El caballero Don Quijote) is a 2002 Spanish adventure film directed and written by Manuel Gutiérrez Aragón, consisting of an adaptation of the second part of Miguel de Cervantes' Don Quixote. It stars Juan Luis Galiardo and Carlos Iglesias respectively as Don Quixote and Sancho Panza, alongside Santiago Ramos, Fernando Guillén Cuervo, Manuel Manquiña, Kiti Manver, Manuel Alexandre, Juan Diego Botto and Emma Suárez.

Juan Diego Botto
Juan Diego Botto Rota (born 29 August 1975) is an Argentine-Spanish film, stage and television actor.

Born in Argentina, he moved to Spain together with his mother (the actress and acting coach Cristina Rota) in 1978. Following early film appearances as a child actor, he landed a breakthrough role in the 1995 film Stories from the Kronen. He has since starred in films such as Martín (Hache) (1997), Plenilune (2000), Broken Silence (2001), Obaba (2005), Go Away from Me (2006) and Ismael (2013). He has also worked as a stage director and playwright and debuted as a film director with the 2022 social drama-thriller On the Fringe.
Alpenus maculosus
Alpenus maculosus is a species of moth of the  family Erebidae. It was described by Caspar Stoll in 1781. It is found along the Gold Coast and in Lagos, Sierra Leone, Guinea, Angola, Cameroon, Nigeria, the Republic of the Congo, Uganda, eastern Africa and Zimbabwe.

The larvae feed on Commelina, Aster, Bidens pilosa, Senecio abyssinicus, Ipomoea, Zea mays, Arachis hypogaea, Phaseolus, Pseudarthria, Voandzeia subterranea, Gossypium and Theobroma cacao.

Caspar Stoll
Caspar Stoll (Hesse-Kassel, probably between 1725 and 1730 – Amsterdam, December 1791) was a naturalist and entomologist, best known for the completion of De Uitlandsche Kapellen, a work on butterflies begun by Pieter Cramer. He also published several works of his own on other insect groups. Stoll's 1787 publication on stick insects, mantises, and their relatives is also well known. It was translated into French in 1813.
Pavol Molnár
Pavol Molnár (13 February 1936 – 6 November 2021) was a Slovak footballer who played as a forward. He played for Czechoslovakia national team in 20 matches and scored three goals.

He was a participant at the 1958 FIFA World Cup, where he played in three matches. Also participant at 1960 European Nations' Cup, where his team won the bronze medal and at the 1962 FIFA World Cup, where his team won the silver medal.

Molnár played for SK Slovan Bratislava and later CH Bratislava.

Czechoslovakia national football team
The Czechoslovakia national football team (Czech: Československá fotbalová reprezentace, Slovak: Česko-slovenské národné futbalové mužstvo) represented Czechoslovakia in men's international football from 1919 to 1993. The team was controlled by the Czechoslovak Football Association, and the team qualified for eight World Cups and three European Championships. It had two runner-up finishes in World Cups, in 1934 and 1962, and won the European Championship in the 1976 tournament.

At the time of the dissolution of Czechoslovakia at the end of 1992, the team was participating in UEFA qualifying Group 4 for the 1994 World Cup; it completed the remainder of this campaign under the name Representation of Czechs and Slovaks (RČS, Czech: Reprezentace Čechů a Slováků, Slovak: Reprezentácia Čechov a Slovákov) before it was disbanded in November 1993. Both the Czech and Slovak national teams are considered to be the joint successors of the Czechoslovak record.
Babiana inclinata
Babiana inclinata is a species of geophytic, perennial flowering plant in the family Iridaceae. The species is endemic to the Western Cape and is part of the renosterveld. It occurs in the lowlands between Piketberg, Porterville, Gouda and Darling. The plant had a range of 2 800 km2 but has lost 95% of its habitat to grain cultivation. There are only 10 fragmented subpopulations left, mostly in road reserves. The subpopulations are threatened by excessive fire, invasive plants and the absence of specialist pollinators.

Piketberg
Piketberg (also sometimes spelt Piquetberg in the past) is a town in the Western Cape, South Africa, located about 80 km east of Saldanha Bay.  The original spelling of the name was "Piquetberg". The town is in the foothills of the Piketberg mountains, a range of low mountains formed from Table Mountain Sandstone.

The area around the mountains is conducive to the farming of wheat, while the area on top of the Piketberg Mountains range (called Piket-Bo-Berg), being cooler and generally frost-free, is suited to the farming of fruit and Rooibos Tea.  Piketberg has a large Dutch Reformed Church designed by the architect Carl Otto Hager in his trademark neo-Gothic style.
Sumer Singh
Sumer Singh (1847-1903) was a Sikh historian, a writer and poet of Braj literature, interpreter of Sikh Scripture, and teacher. Sumer Singh was called Sahibzada, prince, and Bābā, because of his direct lineage to the Bhalla clan, associated with Guru Amar Das.

Braj literature
Braj literature is literature in Braj Bhasha, one of the Western Hindi languages developed as a literary language during the 15th century, Bhakti Movement as a form of devotional songs in praise of Krishna. It is often mystical in nature, related to the spiritual union of people with God, because almost all of Braj poets were considered God-realised saints and their words are thus considered as emanating from a divine source. Much of the traditional Northern Indian literature shares this trait. It literary tradition is a celebration of Krishna. The Braj region has a rich legacy and the medium was mainly the literary vehicle for the poets viz. Surdas, Tulsidas, Acharya Ram Chandra Shukla, Raskhan, Amir Khusrau among others.
Kyung-sun
Kyung-sun, also spelled Kyung-seon or Kyong-son, is a Korean given name.

People with this name include:

Hong Kyong-son (born 1925), one of South Korea's unconverted long-term prisoners who was resettled to North Korea in 2000

Shin Kyung-sun (born 1933), South Korean male taekwondo practitioner

Suh Kyungsun (born 1942), South Korean female composer

Noh Kyung-sun (born 1964), South Korean male wrestler

Jin Kyung-sun (born 1980), South Korean male football player

Hwang Kyung-seon (born 1986), South Korean female taekwondo practitioner

Hwang Kyung-seon
Hwang Kyung-seon (Korean: 황경선; pronounced [hwaŋ.ɡjʌŋ.sʌn], born 21 May 1986) is a South Korean taekwondo practitioner. She represented South Korea at the 2004, 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics, winning bronze in the former and gold in the latter two.
Tlacateccatl
In the Aztec military, tlacateccatl (pronounced [t͡ɬaːkaˈteːkkat͡ɬ]) was a title roughly equivalent to general. The tlacateccatl was in charge of the tlacatecco, a military quarter in the center of the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan. In wartime he was second-in-command to the tlatoani ("ruler", "king") and the tlacochcalcatl ("high general"). The tlacateccatl was always a member of the military order of the Cuachicqueh, "the shorn ones".

Tenochtitlan
Tenochtitlan, also known as Mexico-Tenochtitlan, was a large Mexican altepetl in what is now the historic center of Mexico City. The exact date of the founding of the city is unclear, but the date 13 March 1325 was chosen in 1925 to celebrate the 600th anniversary of the city. The city was built on an island in what was then Lake Texcoco in the Valley of Mexico. The city was the capital of the expanding Aztec Empire in the 15th century until it was captured by the Tlaxcaltec and the Spanish in 1521.

At its peak, it was the largest city in the pre-Columbian Americas. It subsequently became a cabecera of the Viceroyalty of New Spain.  Today, the ruins of Tenochtitlan are in the historic center of the Mexican capital. The World Heritage Site of Xochimilco contains what remains of the geography (water, boats, floating gardens) of the Mexica capital.

Tenochtitlan was one of two Mexica āltepētl (city-states or polities) on the island, the other being Tlatelolco.
Stargroth Amean
Stargroth Amean (born 1991) is a Papua New Guinean professional rugby league footballer who plays for the Port Moresby Vipers. He was unable to return to the UK citing family reasons to play for Barrow Raiders in 2020 but remained under contract. He was part of the PNG Hunters team in 2017 which won the Queensland Cup. Primarily playing as a fullback, Amean has represented the Papua New Guinean national team, most notably at the 2017 World Cup and the 2019 World Cup 9s.

Stargroth's last match for PNG Hunters was on 1 April 2018 against Tweed Heads Seagulls in front of his home crowd in Port Moresby. Amean quit the Hunters to start his foundation year of the Bachelor of Science programme at the University of Papua New Guinea in 2018.

Papua New Guinea national rugby league team
The Papua New Guinea national rugby league team represents Papua New Guinea in the sport of rugby league football.

In Papua New Guinea, Rugby League is a highly popular sport and is regarded as the country's national sport. The national side are known as the Kumuls ("birds-of-paradise" in Tok Pisin).
Michael Lee Firkins (album)
Michael Lee Firkins is the self-titled first studio album by guitarist Michael Lee Firkins, released in 1990 through Shrapnel Records.

In a 2009 article by Guitar World magazine, the album was ranked eighth on the all-time top ten list of shred albums.

Shrapnel Records
Shrapnel Records is an American record label group founded by record producer Mike Varney. The group principally uses the Shrapnel Records record label, a guitar-oriented label which features shred guitar, hard rock, metal and progressive metal. In the 1990s, he also started the Tone Center Records and Blues Bureau International sublabels to promote fusion and blues.

Blues Bureau artists include Rick Derringer, Eric Gales, Marc Ford, Chris Duarte, Leslie West and Pat Travers.

Tone Center Records grew out of Varney's admiration for the jazz fusion of the 1970s and groups such as The Tony Williams Lifetime, Mahavishnu Orchestra, Return to Forever, and Soft Machine. Tone Center's early releases included drummer Steve Smith and guitarists Larry Coryell,  Frank Gambale, and Scott Henderson.
Dirbung
Dirbung  is a village and municipality in Gulmi District in the Lumbini Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2515 persons living in 432 individual households.

Lumbini Zone
Lumbini (Nepali: लुम्बिनी अञ्चलListenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal until the restructure of zones to provinces. Within the zone is the city of Lumbini, widely believed to be the birthplace of Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism and renowned as a major Buddhist pilgrimage site. The zone's headquarters was Butwal.
Benny Havens
Benjamin J. "Benny" Havens (January 6, 1787 – May 29, 1877) was a 19th-century American tavernkeeper active at the United States Military Academy at West Point.

Havens was a soldier and fought in the War of 1812.

Havens ran multiple taverns that were frequented by West Point cadets, providing food, alcohol (including flip), and genial atmosphere. Many of these cadets went on to become notable figures including Civil War generals. Havens operated out of a cottage on campus grounds.

In August 1825, Jefferson Davis became one of the first West Point cadets to be court-martialed for drinking at Benny Havens' tavern. In August 1826, Davis nearly died after falling off a cliff exiting Havens' tavern, and spent months in the hospital.

Havens is known to have supplied some of the whiskey involved in the 1826 Eggnog Riot of West Point cadets. In 1832, he was expelled from the campus of the Academy, compelling his move down the Hudson River from West Point to Buttermilk Falls.

Whisky
Whisky or whiskey is a type of liquor made from fermented grain mash. Various grains (which may be malted) are used for different varieties, including barley, corn, rye, and wheat. Whisky is typically aged in wooden casks, commonly of charred white oak. Uncharred white oak casks previously used for the aging of port, rum, or sherry may be employed during storage to impart a unique flavour and colour.

Whisky is a strictly regulated spirit worldwide with many classes and types. The typical unifying characteristics of the different classes and types are the fermentation of grains, distillation, and aging in wooden barrels.
Richard l'Evêque
Richard l'Evêque (Richard de Coutances) (died 1181) was a French theologian and early scholastic philosopher, a friend of Robert de Torigni and a disseminator of Aristotle, in the translations of James of Venice. He became bishop of Avranches.

He is known largely through the writings of John of Salisbury, his pupil in Paris. Richard was himself a student of Bernard of Chartres. He was considered a very learned scholar.

He was archdeacon of Coutances, and became bishop at Avranches around 1170. In 1172 Avranches Cathedral was the scene of the ceremony on 21 May marking the compromise of Avranches, the reconciliation of Henry II of England with the Catholic Church after the murder of Thomas Becket.

Robert of Torigni
Robert of Torigni or Torigny (French: Robert de Torigni; c. 1110 – 1186), also known as Robert of the Mont (Latin: Robertus de Monte; French: Robert de Monte; also Robertus de Monte Sancti Michaelis, in reference to the abbey of Mont Saint-Michel), was a Norman monk, prior, and abbot. He is most remembered for his chronicles detailing English history of his era.
Eastern National Railway (Austria)
The Imperial and Royal Eastern National Railway (German: k.k. Östliche Staatsbahn, ÖStB) was a national railway company in the Austrian Empire. It was founded in 1850 for the purpose of developing the railway network in the crown land of Galicia and Lodomeria. The company relied on the base of the Kraków–Upper Silesia Railway (German: Krakau-Oberschlesische Bahn; Polish: Kolej Krakowsko-Górnośląska), opened in 1847.

Trzebinia
Trzebinia ([tʂɛˈbʲiɲa]; Yiddish: טשעבין Tchebin) is a town in Chrzanów County, Lesser Poland, Poland with an Orlen oil refinery and a major rail junction of the Kraków - Katowice line, with connections to Oświęcim and Spytkowice. The town became part of Lesser Poland Voivodeship after being part of Katowice Voivodeship (1975–1998). With population of 20,175 (Dec. 31, 2010), Trzebinia is an important industrial center. The town lies in the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland, 269 to 407 m (883 to 1,335 ft) above sea level. Trzebinia is a rail and road hub, and lies at a junction of the A4 Motorway and National Road Nr. 79. The distance to John Paul II International Airport Kraków-Balice is 30 kilometres (19 miles).
Ian Dewhurst
Ian Dewhurst (born 13 November 1990) is an Australian athlete specialising in the 400 metres hurdles. He won a bronze medal at the 2013 Summer Universiade. In addition, he represented his country at the 2014 and 2018 Commonwealth Games without qualifying for the final. In July 2019, he won a gold medal at the 2019 Pacific Games in Apia, where he set a Games record of 50.86 seconds.

His personal best in the event is 49.52 seconds set in Melbourne in 2014.

Personal record
A personal record, or a personal best (abbreviated to PB), is an individual's best performance in a given sporting discipline. It is most commonly found in athletic sports, such as track and field, other forms of running, swimming and weightlifting.

The term came from the world of running, referring to a person's best time in a race of a specific distance. So, if someone runs their first 5K race in 28:45, that's their PB for the 5-kilometre distance. If they run faster than 28:45 in a subsequent 5K race, then they have a new PB for that distance. Over time, PB came to mean any new record in a sport that could be performed by a single person.

Although the term "personal best" is increasingly used in official sports statistics, it can also refer to an unofficial best individual performance.
Treatise on Natural Philosophy
Treatise on Natural Philosophy was an 1867 text book by William Thomson (later Lord Kelvin) and Peter Guthrie Tait, published by Oxford University Press.

The Treatise was often referred to as  and , as explained by Alexander Macfarlane:: 43

Maxwell had facetiously referred to Thomson as  and Tait as . Hence the Treatise on Natural Philosophy came to be commonly referred to as  and  in conversation with mathematicians.

Textbook
A textbook is a book containing a comprehensive compilation of content in a branch of study serving to explain the subject. Textbooks are produced to meet the needs of educators, usually at educational institutions, as well as learners (who could be independent learners outside of formal education). Schoolbooks are textbooks and other books used in schools. Today, many textbooks are published in both print and digital formats.
SM Town Live
SM Town Live (stylized as SMTOWN LIVE) is a series of concert tours held by SM Entertainment, in which artists in the label would unite and perform together in a three-to-five-hour long concert. The show consisting of each artist's own performance as well as a special stage where artists join together and perform. The SM Town Live begun in 2008, and since 2010, the concert frequently be held at least one show during the summer of each year as an annual concert of the label.

Kangta
An Chil-hyun (Korean: 안칠현; born October 10, 1979), known professionally as Kangta (강타), is a South Korean singer, composer, songwriter, record producer, actor and radio personality. Known for his work as a member of boy band H.O.T., he is currently an executive at his longtime agency SM Entertainment since 2005. He is also the chief producer of Smashhit from SM's label Kreation Music Rights since 2023 and the general producer of SM's music label SMArt since 2025.