hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Climate of Triton
The climate of Triton encompasses the atmospheric dynamics, weather, and long-term atmospheric trends of Neptune's moon Triton. The atmosphere of Triton is rather thin, with a surface pressure of only 1.4 Pa (1.38×10−5 atm) at the time of Voyager 2's flyby,: 873  but heavily variable. Despite its low surface pressure, it still drives active and global weather and climate cycles, heavily influencing Triton's glacial activity.

Triton's climate is dominated by extreme seasonal fluctuations that induce global volatile transport between its polar caps, leading to variable atmospheric circulation. The atmosphere of Triton also supports the formation of thin atmospheric haze and clouds, both of which remain poorly studied. While Triton's climate is similar to the climate of Pluto, important differences separate the two, such as Triton's more chaotic climate cycles and colder atmosphere.

Standard atmosphere (unit)
The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure defined as 101325 Pa. It is sometimes used as a reference pressure or standard pressure. It is approximately equal to Earth's average atmospheric pressure at sea level.
2023 Tyrone Senior Football Championship
The 2023 Tyrone Senior Football Championship was the 118th edition of Tyrone GAA's premier Gaelic football tournament for senior clubs in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. The championship consisted of 16 teams in a straight knock-out format. The draw for the 118th edition was made on 26 April 2023. This year also brought a new championship sponsor in Connolly's of Moy on a three-year deal.

Errigal Ciarán were the defending champions, and reached the final for the second consecutive year. Trillick won the championship after an extra-time win over Errigal Ciarán in the final.

Errigal Ciarán GAC
Errigal Ciarán GAC is a Gaelic Athletic Association Gaelic football club in southern County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It represents the parish of the same name, which incorporates the village of Ballygawley and its surrounding area. The club was founded in its current guise in 1990, succeeding the Ballygawley St Ciaran's club which represented the parish from the 1920s until the 1980s.
Christopher Atkinson (missionary)
Christopher Atkinson (fl. 1652-5, dates of birth and death unknown) was an early Quaker missionary from Westmorland and one of the Valiant Sixty. Already married, he caused a minor scandal among the Society by attempting to seduce another woman.

Westmorland
Westmorland (/ˈwɛstmərlənd/, formerly also spelt Westmoreland) is an area of North West England which was historically a county. The area included part of the Lake District and the southern Vale of Eden, and its inhabitants were known as Westmerians.

The county had an administrative function from the 12th century until 1974, when it was subsumed into Cumbria together with Cumberland, the Sedbergh area of Yorkshire, and the Furness area of Lancashire. It gives its name to the Westmorland and Furness unitary authority area, which covers a larger area than the historic county.
1883 Chicago mayoral election
The Chicago mayoral election of 1883 was held on Tuesday April 3, saw incumbent Carter Harrison III defeat Republican Eugene Cary by a double-digit margin.

By winning the 1883 election, Harrison became the second mayor in Chicago history to be elected to a third term (after only Francis Cornwall Sherman), and the first to be elected to a third consecutive term.

By the day of the election, Harrison was already the second-longest serving mayor in the city's history, and was only roughly a month shy of surpassing Monroe Heath as the longest serving mayor.

Harrison's 15% margin of victory was the greatest in all of his campaigns for mayor.

Harrison's opponent, Eugene Cary, was a member of the Chicago Common Council. He had previously been county judge and city attorney in Sheboygan, Wisconsin, and had also served as a member of the Tennessee Senate.

Monroe Heath
Monroe Heath (March 27, 1827 – October 21, 1894) was a U.S. politician. He served as Mayor of Chicago, Illinois (1876–1879) elected as a member of the Republican Party, after winning the 1876 election. He was re-elected the following year, defeating Perry H. Smith.
Felsberg railway station
Felsberg railway station is a railway station in Domat/Ems, Switzerland. It takes its name from Felsberg, on the opposite side of the Rhine. It is located on the Landquart–Thusis line of the Rhaetian Railway. It is served twice hourly by Chur S-Bahn trains in each direction.

Landquart–Thusis railway line
The Landquart–Thusis railway line is a Swiss metre-gauge railway line running from Landquart via Chur to Thusis. It is part of the Rhaetian Railway core network and provides a connection between the Landquart–Davos Platz railway and the Albula Railway. Between Landquart and Chur, the line runs largely parallel to the standard-gauge Chur–Rorschach railway of Swiss Federal Railways (SBB). The line from Chur to Thusis was opened in 1896.
Gary E. Luck
Gary Edward Luck (5 August 1937 – 14 August 2024) was a four-star general of the United States Army. Following his retirement, he was a senior advisor to the United States Joint Forces Command prior to that command's inactivation. He was a Senior Fellow for the National Defense University in support of the Pinnacle, Capstone, and Keystone programs.

United States Joint Forces Command
The United States Joint Forces Command (USJFCOM) was a Unified Combatant Command of the United States Department of Defense.  USJFCOM was a functional command that provided specific services to the military. The last commander was Army Gen. Ray Odierno and the Command Senior Enlisted was Marine Sergeant Major Bryan B. Battaglia. As directed by the President to identify opportunities to cut costs and rebalance priorities, Defense Secretary Robert Gates recommended that USJFCOM be disestablished and its essential functions reassigned to other unified combatant commands.  Formal disestablishment occurred on 4 August 2011.
Habersham, Tennessee
Habersham is an unincorporated community and coal town in Campbell County, Tennessee.  It is located along U.S. Route 25W in the Cumberland Mountains in the northeastern part of the county.  Known as "Cupp" in the early 1900s, the community was later renamed for a prominent railroad family.

Coal town
A coal town, also known as a coal camp or patch, is a type of company town or mining community established by the employer, a mining company, which imports workers to the site to work the mineral find. The company develops it and provides residences for a population of miners and related workers to reside near the coal mine. The 'town founding' process is not limited to mining, but this type of development typically takes place where mineral wealth is located in a remote or undeveloped area. The company opens the site for exploitation by first, constructing transportation infrastructure to serve it, and later to establish residences for workers. Mineral resources were sometimes found as the result of logging operations that established clear-cut area. Geologists and cartographers could then chart and plot the lands for exploitation.
2016 IIHF World Championship
The 2016 IIHF World Championship was the 80th such event hosted by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), being held from 6 to 22 May 2016 in Moscow and Saint Petersburg, Russia. Canada entered the tournament as the defending 2015 champions. Hungary returned to the Championship after a 6-year absence, and Kazakhstan after a 1-year absence.

Canada won their 26th gold medal, defeating Finland 2–0 in the gold medal game. With the win Corey Perry became the second consecutive Canadian team captain to earn membership in the Triple Gold Club. Russia won the bronze medal, defeating the United States 7–2 in the bronze medal game.

Kazakhstan men's national ice hockey team
The Kazakhstan Men's National Ice Hockey Team is controlled by Kazakhstan Ice Hockey Federation. Kazakhstan is ranked 13th in the world as of 2025. They have competed at the Winter Olympics twice, in 1998 and 2006. The national team joined the IIHF in 1992 and first played internationally at the 1993 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships. The team has frequently played at the elite division of the World Championship, often moving between there and the Division I level.
Instance Cause
An Instance Cause was a type of legal process in the English church courts. Legal action in these ecclesiastical courts was either instigated as an Instance Cause or an Office Cause (Office Jurisdiction). An Instance Cause was pursued by a particular plaintiff against a particular defendant whilst in an Office Cause the court acted as plaintiff. Instance causes were taken between parties in marital disputes, or between members of a community in pew disputes or defamation litigation.

References

Pew
A pew (/ˈpjuː/) is a long bench seat or enclosed box, used for seating members of a congregation or choir in a synagogue, church, wedding chapel, funeral home, cemetery or mausoleum chapel and sometimes a courtroom. Occasionally, they are also found in live performance venues (such as the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville, which was formerly a church). In Christian churches of the Catholic, Lutheran, and Anglican traditions, kneelers are an essential part of the pew, that are used during various parts of the liturgy.
Sophie Tarbouriech
Sophie Tarbouriech (born 1964) is a French control theorist whose research interests include linear and nonlinear control with limited information, anti-windup mechanisms, and the control of hybrid dynamical systems, with applications including aircraft landing control and surgical anesthesia. She is a director of research for the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), affiliated with the Laboratory for Analysis and Architecture of Systems in Toulouse, and the editor-in-chief of Journal Europeen des Systemes Automatises.

Integral windup
Integral windup, also known as integrator windup or reset windup, refers to the situation in a PID controller where a large change in setpoint occurs (say a positive change) and the integral term accumulates a significant error during the rise (windup), thus overshooting and continuing to increase as this accumulated error is unwound (offset by errors in the other direction).
Ostrów, Opoczno County
Ostrów [ˈɔstruf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Opoczno, within Opoczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south of Opoczno and 76 km (47 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Opoczno County
Opoczno County (Polish: powiat opoczyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, south-east Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Opoczno, which lies 72 kilometres (45 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Drzewica, lying 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Opoczno.

The county covers an area of 1,038.77 square kilometres (401.1 sq mi). As of 2009 its total population is 78,467, out of which the population of Opoczno is 21,635 (2016), that of Drzewica is 3,913 (2016), and the rural population is 52,006.
Devario quangbinhensis
Devario quangbinhensis (Vietnamese: cá phong nha) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Danionidae. This species is found only in Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park, Quảng Bình Province, North Central Coast, Vietnam. It is sometimes found in the ornamental fish trade.

North Central Coast
Bắc Trung Bộ (literally North Central Region, and often translated as North Central Coast) is one of the geographic regions of Vietnam. It consists of six provinces in northern part of Central Vietnam: Thanh Hóa, Nghệ An, Hà Tĩnh, Quảng Bình, Quảng Trị, Huế. The last two provinces were the northernmost provinces of State of Vietnam and South Vietnam until Reunification of Vietnam in 1976. In the Nguyễn dynasty, this area (except Thừa Thiên) was known as Hữu Trực Kỳ (the area located in the left of Thừa Thiên).
Pavel Medem
Count Pavel Ivanovich Medem (Russian: Па́вел Ива́нович Ме́дем; 9 January 1800, in Mitava, Courland Governorate – 10 January 1854, in Courland) was a Russian diplomat and privy councillor.

Medem held the post of Counsellor of the Embassy in Paris before becoming charge d'affaires in London from 1834 to 1835, envoy in Stuttgart and Darmstadt from 1840 to 1841, and envoy to Austria from 1848 to 1850.

Courland
Courland is one of the Historical Latvian Lands in western Latvia. Courland's largest city is Liepāja, which is the third largest city in Latvia.

The literal meaning of the name is "Land of Curonians".
Jules Remedios Faye
Jules Remedios Faye (born 1958) is an American author, editor, letterpress printmaker, bookbinder, teacher, and creator of artists’ books. Faye is known for establishing, with Christopher Stern, Stern & Faye Printers, a letterpress print shop & hand book bindery located in Mt. Vernon, Washington. Faye teaches, curates and participates in book arts exhibits and events throughout the Skagit Valley and Puget Sound area.

Artist's book
Artists' books (or book art or book objects) are works of art that engage with and transform the form of a book. Some are mass-produced with multiple editions, and some in small editions, while others are produced as one-of-a-kind objects.

There is no single definition of an artist's book, and formulating a definition is cumbersome and subject to debate. Importantly, the creation of artists' books incorporates a variety of formats and genres. They have a complex history, with a particular focus and growth in contemporary artist movements. They also have recently grown in popularity, especially in art institutions, and have become popular in art library reference workshops. The exact definition and usage of artists' books has become more fluid and porous alongside the growth in popularity of artists' books.
XO-5b
XO-5b "Makropulos" is an extrasolar planet approximately 910 light years away in the constellation of Lynx. This planet was found by the transit method using the XO Telescope and announced in May 2008. It was also independently discovered by the HATNet Project. The planet has a mass and radius just slightly larger than that of Jupiter. This planet orbits very close to the G-type parent star, as it is typical for transiting planets, classing this as Hot Jupiter. It takes only 4.188 days (or 100.5 hours) to orbit at an orbital distance of 0.0488 AU).

The planet XO-5b is named Makropulos. The name was selected in the NameExoWorlds campaign by the Czech Republic, during the 100th anniversary of the IAU. Makropulos is the name from Karel Čapek's play Věc Makropulos (The Makropulos Affair).

HATNet Project
The Hungarian Automated Telescope Network (HATNet) project is a network of six small fully automated "HAT" telescopes. The scientific goal of the project is to detect and characterize extrasolar planets using the transit method. This network is used also to find and follow bright variable stars. The network is maintained by the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian.

The HAT acronym stands for Hungarian-made Automated Telescope, because it was developed by a small group of Hungarians who met through the Hungarian Astronomical Association. The project started in 1999 and has been fully operational since May 2001.
Duesberg hypothesis
The Duesberg hypothesis is the claim that AIDS is not caused by HIV, but instead that AIDS is caused by noninfectious factors such as recreational and pharmaceutical drug use and that HIV is merely a harmless passenger virus. The hypothesis was popularized by Peter Duesberg, a professor of biology at University of California, Berkeley, from whom the hypothesis gets its name. The scientific consensus is that the Duesberg hypothesis is incorrect and that HIV is the cause of AIDS. The most prominent supporters of the hypothesis are Duesberg himself, biochemist and vitamin proponent David Rasnick, and journalist Celia Farber. The scientific community generally contends that Duesberg's arguments in favor of the hypothesis are the result of cherry-picking predominantly outdated scientific data and selectively ignoring evidence that demonstrates HIV's role in causing AIDS.

Cherry picking
Cherry picking, suppressing evidence, or the fallacy of incomplete evidence is the act of pointing to individual cases or data that seem to confirm a particular position while ignoring a significant portion of related and similar cases or data that may contradict that position. Cherry picking may be committed intentionally or unintentionally.
2020 Queensland local elections
The 2020 Queensland local elections were held on 28 March 2020 to elect the mayors and councils of the 77 local government areas in Queensland, Australia.

The elections were held in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, and on the same day as the state by-elections in Bundamba and Currumbin.

Local government areas of Queensland
This is a list of local government areas (LGAs) in Queensland, Australia, sorted by region. For the history and responsibilities of local government in that state, see Local government in Queensland. For former local government areas in Queensland, see List of former local government areas of Queensland.
District Court of Western Australia
The District Court of Western Australia is the intermediate court in Western Australia. The District Court commenced in 1970, amid additional stress placed on the existing Magistrates Court and Supreme Court due to the increasing population of Western Australia. At its inception, the Court consisted of four judges: Sydney Howard Good, William Page Pidgeon, Desmond Charles Heenan and Robert Edmond Jones.

In the Criminal jurisdiction it hears serious, indictable criminal offences for which the maximum penalty is 25 years imprisonment. In the Civil jurisdiction, the District Court hears civil claims of up to $750 000 and has unlimited jurisdiction in claims for damages in personal injury cases. Decisions from the Magistrates Court and some tribunals can be appealed against in the District Court. The court is low in the Australian court hierarchy.

The current Chief Judge of the District Court is Julie Anne Wager, who has held the position since 2 May 2020.

Chief judge (Australia)
A chief judge (also known as chief justice, presiding judge, president judge or administrative judge) is the highest-ranking or most senior member of a court or tribunal with more than one judge. The chief judge commonly presides over trials and hearings.

In Australia the term Chief Judge can refer to the principal judicial officer of a state District Court, as in New South Wales, or a state County Court, as in Victoria.  The former is appointed by the state's Governor, while the latter may be appointed by the state's Attorney-General.
Haatim Tai (1990 film)
Haatim Tai is a 1990 Indian Hindustani-language fantasy film, produced by Ratan Mohan under the R.M. Art Productions banner and directed by Babubhai Mistri. It stars Jeetendra and Sangeeta Bijlani and has music composed by Laxmikant Pyarelal, and lyrics by Hasan Kamal. The film's plot is based on the story of Hatim al-Tai from the Ta'i Arabian tribe.

Laxmikant–Pyarelal
Laxmikant–Pyarelal (also known as L-P) were an Indian composer duo, consisting of Laxmikant Shantaram Kudalkar (1937–1998) and Pyarelal Ramprasad Sharma (born 1940). In their career span, stretching from 1963 to 1998, they composed music for about 750 movies, working with several prominent film-makers.
Belanda Bor language
Belanda Bor, or Bor, is a Luo language of South Sudan. Most speakers also use Belanda Viri, which is an unrelated Ubangian language.

Obtaining scientific/linguistic information about the Belanda language posed more challenges than expected. There were many gaps in the history of the language, and many contradictions were encountered.

The history of the Belanda Boor ethnic group lacks coherence, likely due to conflicts, slave raids, and civil wars affecting the region. Most of the Belanda Boor people were forced to leave their homelands and settle in Western Equatoria. Another possible reason for the lack of proper history is the independence of South Sudan, which led to more contradictions and a lack of proper recordings about the Belanda Boor people.

There are currently between 40,000 and 50,000 speakers of the language in South Sudan.

Ubangian languages
The Ubangian languages form a diverse linkage of some seventy languages centered on the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They are the predominant languages of the CAR, spoken by 2–3 million people, including one of its official languages, Sango. They are also spoken in Cameroon, Chad, the Republic of Congo, and South Sudan.
Maschinenfest
Maschinenfest was an annual three-day underground music festival in Germany, featuring industrial, power electronics, noise and other alternative electronic performers. It included both independent and signed bands as well as many vendors for music and related merchandise. Featured record labels and noteworthy companies included Ant-Zen, Hands Productions, Pflichtkauf, Spectre Records and Ad Noiseam.

Orphx
Orphx is a Canadian music duo made up of Rich Oddie and Christina Sealey who perform techno, industrial and experimental music. They have performed worldwide and have numerous releases on CD, vinyl and cassette through independent music labels such as Sonic Groove, Hands Productions, Hymen Records, and Hospital Productions.
Lowrider bicycle
A lowrider bicycle is a highly customized bicycle with styling inspired by lowrider cars. These bikes often feature a long, curved banana seat with a sissy bar and very tall upward-swept ape hanger handlebars. A lot of chrome, velvet, and overspoked wheels are common accessories to these custom bicycles.

The bikes are typically a highly individualized creation. Early modified bikes have been crafted as a part of lowrider culture by Chicano youth since the 1960s. They were at first stigmatized by mainstream U.S. culture, even as they were a symbol of pride in Chicano communities. They later became accepted and popular elsewhere.

Lowrider Bicycle was a magazine dedicated to the bikes first published in 1993. The bikes are now popular internationally, such as in Japan and Europe. Despite the fact that these bikes originated within the poverty of the barrio, lowrider bikes can be expensive. Some of the bikes are not rideable and exist only for aesthetic purposes.

Chrome plating
Chrome plating (less commonly chromium plating) is a technique of electroplating a thin layer of chromium onto a metal object. A chrome plated part is called chrome, or is said to have been chromed. The chromium layer can be decorative, provide corrosion resistance, facilitate cleaning, and increase surface hardness. Sometimes a less expensive substitute for chrome, such as nickel, may be used for aesthetic purposes.

Chromium compounds used in electroplating are toxic. In most countries, their disposal is tightly regulated. Some fume suppressants used to control the emission of airborne chromium from plating baths are also toxic, making disposal even more difficult.