hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2016
The Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2016 (asp 18) is an act of the Scottish Parliament which continues the process of land reform in Scotland following the Community Empowerment (Scotland) Act 2015. It is notable for granting Scottish ministers the power to force the sale of private land to community bodies to further sustainable development in the absence of a willing seller.

Act of the Scottish Parliament
An act of the Scottish Parliament (Scottish Gaelic: Achd Pàrlamaid na h-Alba) is primary legislation made by the Scottish Parliament. The power to create acts was conferred to the Parliament by section 28 of the Scotland Act 1998 following the successful 1997 referendum on devolution.

Prior to the establishment of the Parliament under the 1998 act, all post-union laws specific to Scotland were passed at the Westminster Parliament. Although the Westminster Parliament has retained the ability to legislate for Scotland, by convention it does not do so without the consent of the Scottish Parliament.: (s. 28(7)) : (para. 14)  Since the passing of the 1998 act, the Westminster Parliament has passed five public general acts that apply only to Scotland.

A draft act is known as a bill. Once it is passed by the Scottish Parliament and receives royal assent, the bill becomes an act and is then a part of Scots Law.: (ss. 28, 32, 36)
Park Shin-woo
Park Shin-woo (Korean: 박신우) is South Korean television director. He is known for directing tvN television series Encounter (2018–2019), It's Okay to Not Be Okay (2020), and Our Unwritten Seoul (2025). For directing It's Okay to Not Be Okay, he was nominated for Best TV Movie or Miniseries at the 49th International Emmy Awards.

Seo Sook-hyang
Seo Sook-hyang is a South Korean television screenwriter. She made her writing debut after 나의 가장 사랑스러운 적 won at a KBS drama-writing competition and aired in December 2002 on the single-episode anthology Drama City. Seo became best known for writing low-key romantic comedy-dramas, notably Pasta (2010), which focuses on an arrogant chef at an Italian restaurant and his meek yet determined underling. She continued to collaborate with Pasta TV director Kwon Seok-jang on Romance Town (2011) and Miss Korea (2013).
John Payne (cricketer, born 1828)
John Brown Payne (1 July 1828 – 23 September 1887) was an English first-class cricketer.

Payne was born in July 1828 at Knutsford, Cheshire. He made his debut in first-class cricket for Manchester against Sussex at Eccles in 1858, taking figures of 5 for 59 in Sussex's first-innings. Two years later, he made a second first-class appearance for the Gentlemen of the North against the Gentlemen of the South at Salford, with Payne taking his best first-class figures of 5 for 36 in the Gentlemen of the South's first-innings. His final two first-class appearances came for the North against Surrey in 1862 and 1863. Payne was by profession a lawyer. He died in September 1887 at Broughton, Lancashire. His son was the rugby union international and cricketer John Payne.

G. P. Codie's Ground
G. P. Codie's Ground was a cricket ground in Eccles, Lancashire.  The first recorded match on the ground was in 1857, when Manchester Cricket Club played Surrey in the ground's first first-class match on 10-11 June.  The Western Club had commenced operations on their new ground, on Saturday, 23rd May. The following year the ground held its second and final first-class match when Manchester Cricket Club played Sussex.

During its existence, the ground was the home venue of Westerns Cricket Club.  Westerns played the final recorded match held on the ground in 1881 when they played Cheshire. The ground was located at the eastern end of Barton Lane and is today covered by housing.
Independence Creek (Sierra County, California)
Independence Creek is a 11.2-mile-long (18.0 km) northeast-flowing creek that is tributary to the Little Truckee River, north of Lake Tahoe. It drains the Independence Basin on the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada, which includes Independence Lake, ultimately flowing through Sierra County to the Little Truckee River in Nevada County, thence to the Truckee River and ultimately, Pyramid Lake.

Nevada County, California
Nevada County (/nɪˈvædə/ ⓘ niv-AD-ə; Nevada, Spanish for "Snowy") is a county located in the U.S. state of California, in the Sierra Nevada. As of the 2020 United States census, its population was 102,241. The county seat is Nevada City. Nevada County comprises the Truckee-Grass Valley micropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Sacramento-Roseville combined statistical area, part of the Mother Lode Country.
Anchieta College (Nova Friburgo)
Anchieta College is a private Catholic primary and secondary school located in Nova Friburgo, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is named for the 16th century Jesuit missionary José de Anchieta.

In 2006, the college took 17th place nationally, 6th in the state, and 1st in Nova Friburgo in the National High School Examination (ESMS).

Nova Friburgo
Nova Friburgo (Portuguese: [ˈnɔvɐ fɾiˈbuʁɡu]; German: Neufreiburg [nɔʏˈfʁaɪbʊʁk]; English: "New Fribourg"), commonly referred to as just Friburgo, is a municipality in the state of Rio de Janeiro in southeastern Brazil. It is located in the mountainous region, in the Center Mesoregion of the state, 136 km (85 mi) from the capital Rio de Janeiro. The town is 846 m (2,776 ft) above sea level, with a population of 189,939 (2022) and its area is 933 km2.
Objdump
objdump is a command-line program for displaying various information about object files on Unix-like operating systems. For instance, it can be used as a disassembler to view an executable in assembly form. It is part of the GNU Binutils for fine-grained control over executables and other binary data. objdump uses the BFD library to read the contents of object files. Similar utilities are Borland TDUMP, Microsoft DUMPBIN and readelf.

On certain platforms (e.g. macOS), the objdump binary may actually be a link to LLVM's objdump, with different command-line options and behavior. otool and nm perform analogous functions for Mach-O files.

Mach-O
Mach-O (Mach object) is a file format for executables, object code, shared libraries, dynamically loaded code, and core dumps. It was developed to replace the a.out format.

Mach-O is used by some systems based on the Mach kernel. NeXTSTEP, macOS, and iOS are examples of systems that use this format for native executables, libraries and object code.
CIÉ 101 Class
The Córas Iompair Éireann 101 Class locomotives, numbered B101-B112, were built in 1956 by the Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company. They were fitted with Sulzer 6LDA28 engines of 960 hp (720 kW), with four Metropolitan-Vickers MV137 traction motors. They were of A1A-A1A wheel arrangement, weighed 75 tonnes and had a maximum speed of 120 km/h (75 mph).

UIC classification of locomotive axle arrangements
The UIC classification of locomotive axle arrangements, sometimes known as the German classification or German system, describes the wheel arrangement of locomotives, multiple units and trams. It is used in much of the world, notable exceptions being the United Kingdom and North America.

The classification system is managed by the International Union of Railways (UIC).
Arena Pernambuco
Arena Pernambuco (Portuguese: Arena de Pernambuco), officially named Estádio Governador Carlos Wilson Campos, is a multi-use stadium with a capacity of 45,440 spectators located in the western suburbs of the Recife metropolitan area, in São Lourenço da Mata, Brazil. It is mostly used for football matches and was notably used to host some matches during the 2014 FIFA World Cup.

In 2012 Clube Náutico Capibaribe, one of three professional football clubs in the Recife metro area, signed an agreement to become part owners of the new stadium. In July 2013, Clube Náutico Capibaribe started to play all of their home games at Itaipava Arena Pernambuco. The stadium was previously known as Itaipava Arena Pernambuco under a sponsorship arrangement with brewing company Grupo Petrópolis between 2013 and 2016.

Greater Recife
Recife Metropolitan Area, officially the Metropolitan Region of Recife (Brazilian Portuguese: Região Metropolitana do Recife (RMR), or Grande Recife), is a major metropolitan area in Northeast Brazil with a population of 3.7 million as of 2022, centered on the state capital of Recife, Pernambuco. In 2017, it was ranked as the 8th largest metropolitan region nationally.

The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) defines the region as a "metropolis" in its Area of Influence surveys, in terms of economic and social importance. The region's area of influence covers a large part of Northeast Brazil, including the entire states of Alagoas, Paraíba, and Pernambuco, in addition to portions of Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, and Sergipe. Within this area of influence are the smaller cities of Natal, João Pessoa, Maceió, and Aracaju.
Bavarian Maximilian Railway
The Bavarian Maximilian Railway (German: Bayerische Maximiliansbahn) was as an east–west line built between the Bavarian border with Württemberg at Neu-Ulm in the west via Augsburg, Munich and Rosenheim to the Austrian border at Kufstein and Salzburg in the east as part of the Royal Bavarian State Railways. The Munich–Augsburg section of the line had already been built by the Munich-Augsburg Railway Company and opened in 1840. The line was named after the reigning King of Bavaria from 1848 to 1864 Maximilian II.

King of Bavaria
The King of Bavaria (German: König von Bayern) was a title held by the hereditary Wittelsbach rulers of Bavaria in the state known as the Kingdom of Bavaria from 1805 until 1918, when the kingdom was abolished. It was the second time Bavaria was a kingdom, almost a thousand years after the short-lived Carolingian kingdom of Bavaria.
Steel Fist Riku
Steel Fist Riku (拳鋼少女リク, Kenkō Shōjo Riku) is a martial arts manga written and illustrated by Jyutaroh Nishino. CMX has released an English version of the manga in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom.

CMX (comics)
CMX was an imprint of DC Comics, a division of Warner Bros. Entertainment. It was DC's line of manga translations.  CMX was known for its censored release of Tenjho Tenge and the print version of Fred Gallagher's Megatokyo web manga series.
The World, the Flesh and the Devil (1959 film)
The World, the Flesh and the Devil is a 1959 American science fiction doomsday film written and directed by Ranald MacDougall. The film stars Harry Belafonte, who was then at the peak of his film career. The film is set in a post-apocalyptic world with very few human survivors. It is based on two sources: the 1901 novel The Purple Cloud by M. P. Shiel and the story "End of the World" by Ferdinand Reyher.

Ferdinand Reyher
Ferdinand Maximilian Reyher (July 26, 1891 – October 24, 1967) was an American screenwriter, novelist, and newspaper correspondent.  Reyher was also a notable friend and collaborator of Bertolt Brecht.
Stettner
Stettner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Armando Stettner, American computer engineer and architect

Dirk Stettner (born 1969), German entrepreneur and politician

Louis Stettner (1922–2016), American photographer

Łukasz Stettner (born 1955), Polish mathematician

Patrick Stettner, American film director and writer

Willy Stettner (1895–1961), German singer and actor

Armando Stettner
Armando P. Stettner is a computer engineer and architect who is most widely known for Unix development and for spearheading the native VAX version of UNIX, Ultrix, during his tenure at Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC).
Wanley
Wanley is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Francis Wanley (1709–1791), Doctor of Divinity and Anglican priest

Humfrey Wanley (1672–1726), English librarian, palaeographer and scholar of Old English

John Samuel Wanley Sawbridge Erle-Drax (1800–1887), British Member of Parliament (MP) during the Victorian era

Nathaniel Wanley (1634–1680), English clergyman and writer, known for The Wonders of the Little World

Professor Richard Wanley, a character played by Edward G. Robinson in the 1944 Fritz Lang film The Woman in the Window

The Woman in the Window (1944 film)
The Woman in the Window is a 1944 American film noir directed by Fritz Lang and starring Edward G. Robinson, Joan Bennett, Raymond Massey, and Dan Duryea. It tells the story of a middle-aged psychology professor who kills in self-defense the lover of a young femme fatale he just met while his family is on vacation.

The film is based on J. H. Wallis' 1942 novel Once Off Guard. Screenwriter Nunnally Johnson, having written the script for The Grapes of Wrath (1940), was invited by International Pictures to a picture deal, and The Woman in the Window was chosen as its premiere project.

The term "film noir" originated as a genre description in part because of The Woman in the Window.
Heath
A heath (/hiːθ/) is a shrubland habitat found mainly on free-draining infertile, acidic soils and is characterised by open, low-growing woody vegetation. Moorland is generally related to high-ground heaths with—especially in Great Britain—a cooler and damper climate.

Heaths are widespread worldwide but are rapidly disappearing and considered a rare habitat in Europe. They form extensive and highly diverse communities across Australia in humid and sub-humid areas where fire regimes with recurring burning are required for the maintenance of the heathlands. Even more diverse though less widespread heath communities occur in Southern Africa. Extensive heath communities can also be found in the Texas chaparral, New Caledonia, central Chile, and along the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. In addition to these extensive heath areas, the vegetation type is also found in scattered locations across all continents, except Antarctica.

Fire regime
A fire regime is the pattern, frequency, and intensity of the bushfires and wildfires that prevail in an area over long periods of time. It is an integral part of fire ecology, and renewal for certain types of ecosystems. A fire regime describes the spatial and temporal patterns and ecosystem impacts of fire on the landscape, and provides an integrative approach to identifying the impacts of fire at an ecosystem or landscape level. If fires are too frequent, plants may be killed before they have matured, or before they have set sufficient seed to ensure population recovery. If fires are too infrequent, plants may mature, senesce, and die without ever releasing their seed.

Fire regimes can change with the spatial and temporal variations in topography, climate, and fuel. Understanding the historic fire regime is important for understanding and predicting future fire regime changes and the interactions between fire and climates.
Holt-Dern process
The Holt-Dern process is a method by which silver and gold can be extracted from low-grade ores.

The method was applied in mining at Park City, Utah, and in the Tintic Mining District at the Tintic Smelter Site. It was named for George Dern and T.P. Holt.

East Tintic Mountains
The East Tintic Mountains are a mountain range in central Juab, Utah, and Tooele counties in Utah, United States on the east margin of the Great Basin just west of the Wasatch Front about 50 miles (80 km) south-southeast of Salt Lake City. The community of Eureka is an old mining town near the center of the range. U.S. Route 6 Passes through the central part of the range and through Eureka.

The Tintic Mining District is located in the central part of the range. The district was an important producer of silver, gold and base metals during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.  The mountain range, Tintic Valley, and the mining district are named after Chief Tintic of the Goshute.

The Tintic Smelter Site, the Sunbeam Mine, and the Silver City Cemetery, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, preserve some remnants of the district.

The Tintic quartzite is named after the Tintic Mountains, where exposures of the formation occur.
Mantineus
In Greek mythology, Mantineus (Ancient Greek: Μαντινέα or Μαντινεὺς) was an Arcadian prince as one of the 50 sons of the impious King Lycaon either by the naiad Cyllene, Nonacris or by unknown woman. He founded the Arcadian city of Mantineia.

Naiad
In Greek mythology, the naiads (/ˈnaɪædz, ˈneɪædz, -ədz/; Ancient Greek: ναϊάδες, romanized: naïádes), sometimes also hydriads, are a type of female spirit, or nymph, presiding over fountains, wells, springs, streams, brooks and other bodies of fresh water.

They are distinct from river gods, who embodied rivers, and the very ancient spirits that inhabited the still waters of marshes, ponds and lagoon-lakes such as pre-Mycenaean Lerna in the Argolis.
Alaska pollock as food
Alaska pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus), a species of cod (Gadus) found in the North Pacific Ocean, is used as food globally. Compared with common pollock, Alaska pollock is milder in taste, whiter in color, and lower in oil content.

Alaska pollock fillets are commonly packaged into block molds that are deep frozen and used throughout Europe and North America as raw material for high quality breaded and battered fish products. Portions cut from frozen Alaska pollock fillet blocks are the most common choice for fast food restaurant fish sandwiches, for example in the McDonald's Filet-O-Fish.

Alaska pollock is also a common raw material used in the manufacture of surimi (fish paste). Alaska pollock is widely regarded as one of the best proteins for the manufacture of high quality surimi because of the high gel strength of its flesh.

Pollock
Pollock or pollack (pronounced /ˈpɒlək/) is the common name used for either of the two species of North Atlantic marine fish in the genus Pollachius. Pollachius pollachius is referred to as "pollock" in North America, Ireland and the United Kingdom, while Pollachius virens is usually known as saithe or coley in Great Britain and Ireland (derived from the older name coalfish). Other names for P. pollachius include the Atlantic pollock, European pollock, lieu jaune, and lythe or lithe; while P. virens is also known as Boston blue (distinct from bluefish) and silver bill.
Phoenix abscess
A phoenix abscess is an acute exacerbation of a chronic periapical lesion. It is a dental abscess that can occur immediately following root canal treatment. Another cause is due to untreated necrotic pulp (chronic apical periodontitis). It is also the result of inadequate debridement during the endodontic procedure. Risk of occurrence of a phoenix abscess is minimised by correct identification and instrumentation of the entire root canal, ensuring no missed anatomy.

Treatment involves repeating the endodontic treatment with improved debridement, or tooth extraction. Antibiotics might be indicated to control a spreading or systemic infection.

Dental extraction
A dental extraction (also referred to as tooth extraction, exodontia, exodontics, or informally, tooth pulling) is the removal of teeth from the dental alveolus (socket) in the alveolar bone. Extractions are performed for a wide variety of reasons, but most commonly to remove teeth which have become unrestorable through tooth decay, periodontal disease, or dental trauma, especially when they are associated with toothache. Sometimes impacted wisdom teeth (wisdom teeth that are stuck and unable to grow normally into the mouth) cause recurrent infections of the gum (pericoronitis), and may be removed when other conservative treatments have failed (cleaning, antibiotics and operculectomy). In orthodontics, if the teeth are crowded, healthy teeth may be extracted (often bicuspids) to create space so the rest of the teeth can be straightened.
Caleana major
Caleana major, commonly known as the large duck orchid, is a small orchid found in eastern and southern Australia. This terrestrial plant features a remarkable flower, resembling a duck in flight. The flower is an attractant to insects, such as male sawflies which pollinate the flower in a process known as pseudocopulation. In 1986 this orchid was featured on an Australian postage stamp.

Caleana major is the emblem of the Latrobe Valley Field Naturalists Club.

Pseudocopulation
Pseudocopulation is a behavior similar to copulation that serves a reproductive function for one or both participants but does not involve actual sexual union between the individuals. It is most generally applied to a pollinator attempting to copulate with a flower adapted to mimic a potential female mate. The resemblance may be visual, but the key stimuli are often chemical and tactile. The form of mimicry in plants that deceives an insect into pseudocopulation is called Pouyannian mimicry after the French lawyer and amateur botanist Maurice-Alexandre Pouyanne.

A non-mimetic form of pseudocopulation has been observed in some parthenogenetic, all-female species of lizard. The behaviour does not appear to be necessary to trigger parthenogenesis.
Peter Vlahakis
Peter Vlahakis (born January 20, 1982, in Shoreham, New York) is a professional lacrosse player with the Long Island Lizards of Major League Lacrosse (MLL) and the holder of four MLL All-Time face-off records.  Vlahakis broke the MLL career face-off wins record with 1054 & finished #2 in career face-off percentage. He still holds the single game face-off wins (35) record and record for being a 4 time defensive player of the week in a single season. He was selected to participate in the 2007 and 2008 MLL All-Star Game.

Shoreham, New York
Shoreham is an incorporated village in the Town of Brookhaven, Suffolk County, New York, United States. The population was 561 at the 2020 census. It is officially known as the Incorporated Village of Shoreham.
The Kung Fu Master (TV series)
The Kung Fu Master (洪熙官) is a 1994 Hong Kong martial arts television series directed by Benny Chan and starring Donnie Yen as the titular protagonist. Produced by ATV and TVB, the series aired on its channel ATV Home and TVB Jade from 16 August to 23 September 1994.

TVB Jade
TVB Jade (Chinese: 無綫電視翡翠台), or simply Jade, is a Hong Kong Cantonese-language free-to-air television channel owned and operated by Television Broadcasts Limited (TVB) as its flagship service, alongside its sister network, the English-language TVB Pearl. Broadcasting started on 19 November 1967. It is headquartered at TVB City at the Tseung Kwan O Industrial Estate in Tseung Kwan O, in the Sai Kung District. Primarily broadcasting entertainment programming, TVB Jade has historically been the most dominant television channel in the region in terms of viewership, with its closest competitor having been the now-defunct ATV Home.

Jade primarily broadcasts in the Cantonese language; it has also offered programs with alternative audio tracks in Mandarin, English, and other foreign languages. Some shows also offer subtitles in multiple languages.
Antreas Christodoulou
Andreas Christodoulou (alternate spelling: Antreas) (Greek: Ανδρέας Χριστοδούλου; born February 22, 1995) is a Cypriot Greek professional basketball player for AEL Limassol B.C.  of the Cypriot League. He is a 1.98 m (6 ft 6 in) in) tall swingman. He can also play at the point guard position, if needed.

Cypriot Greek
Cypriot Greek (Greek: κυπριακή ελληνική, locally [cipriaˈci elːiniˈci] or κυπριακά [cipriaˈka]) is the variety of Modern Greek that is spoken by the majority of the Cypriot populace and Greek Cypriot diaspora. It is considered a divergent dialect as it differs from Standard Modern Greek in various aspects of its lexicon, phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax and even pragmatics, not only for historical reasons but also because of geographical isolation, and extensive contact with typologically distinct languages.