hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Photochlorination
Photochlorination is a chlorination reaction that is initiated by light.  Usually a C-H bond is converted to a C-Cl bond. Photochlorination is carried out on an industrial scale. The process is exothermic and proceeds as a chain reaction initiated by the homolytic cleavage of molecular chlorine into chlorine radicals by ultraviolet radiation. Many chlorinated solvents are produced in this way.

Exothermic process
In thermodynamics, an exothermic process (from Ancient Greek  έξω (éxō) 'outward' and  θερμικός (thermikós) 'thermal') is a thermodynamic process or reaction that releases energy from the system to its surroundings, usually in the form of heat, but also in a form of light (e.g. a spark, flame, or flash), electricity (e.g. a battery), or sound (e.g. explosion heard when burning hydrogen). The term exothermic was first coined by 19th-century French chemist Marcellin Berthelot.

The opposite of an exothermic process is an endothermic process, one that absorbs energy, usually in the form of heat.  The concept is frequently applied in the physical sciences to chemical reactions where chemical bond energy is converted to thermal energy (heat).
Mount Bahr Aseman
Mount Bahr Aseman (Kuh-e Bahr Aseman) is a mountain located approximately 15 kilometres south of the town of Sarduiyeh and about 60 kilometres east of the city of Baft in Kerman Province in southeast Iran. With an elevation of 3,886 metres, the mountain is among high peaks of Iran. Made chiefly of Eocene pyroclastic rocks, Mount Bahr Aseman is situated in a central Iranian range, Sahand-Bazman volcanic range or belt, a mountain range which was formed mainly during Eocene volcanism and that stretches approximately from Sahand Volcano in the north-west of Iran to Bazman Volcano in the south-east of Iran.

Baft
Baft (Persian: بافت) is a city in the Central District of Baft County, Kerman province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. It is 155 kilometres (96 mi) southwest of Kerman. Baft has an elevation of about 2,280 metres (7,480 ft).
IMP cyclohydrolase
In enzymology, an IMP cyclohydrolase (EC 3.5.4.10) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

IMP + H2O  5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are IMP and H2O, whereas its product is 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in cyclic amidines.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is IMP 1,2-hydrolase (decyclizing). Other names in common use include inosinicase, and inosinate cyclohydrolase.  This enzyme 
catalyses the cyclisation of 5-formylamidoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide to IMP, a reaction which is important in de novo purine biosynthesis in archaeal species.

Purine
Purine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound that consists of two rings (pyrimidine and imidazole) fused together. It is water-soluble. Purine also gives its name to the wider class of molecules, purines, which include substituted purines and their tautomers. They are the most widely occurring nitrogen-containing heterocycles in nature.
Justin Lall
Justin Lall (September 27, 1986 – August 19, 2020) was an American bridge player. He won his first masterpoints in 1997, and became a Life Master in 1999. In 2012, Lall became the youngest Grand Life Master at the age of 25, a record that has since been surpassed by Zachary Grossack. In 2024, Lall was inducted into the ACBL Hall of Fame.

Nail Life Master Open Pairs
The Nail Life Master Open Pairs is a North American bridge championship held at the fall American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) North American Bridge Championship (NABC).

The championship is a Matchpoints pairs event restricted to players with a Life Master rating.  It consists of two qualifying sessions and two final sessions, typically starting on the first Friday of the NABC.
FC Ros Bila Tserkva
FC Ros Bila Tserkva is a Ukrainian amateur Association football club based in Bila Tserkva, Kyiv Oblast that was expelled from the professional league after the 2010–11 season.

The club was formed in 1983.

The club's best season was in the first year competing in independent Ukraine when they finished 4th in the Ukrainian First League Group A. Since then the club has been struggling and has had numerous name changes as they find sponsors to keep the club solvent and active.

The FC Ros Bila Tserkva home ground was Trudovi Rezervy.

Colours are white shirts, black shorts.

Kyiv Oblast
Kyiv Oblast (Ukrainian: Київська область, romanized: Kyivska oblast, IPA: [ˈkɪjiu̯sʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also called Kyivshchyna (Київщинa, IPA: [ˈkɪjiu̯ʃtʃɪnɐ]), is an oblast (province) in central and northern Ukraine. It surrounds, but does not include, the city of Kyiv, which is administered as a city with special status. However, Kyiv also serves as the administrative center of the oblast. The Kyiv metropolitan area extends out from Kyiv city into parts of the oblast, which is significantly dependent on the urban economy and transportation of Kyiv.

The population of Kyiv Oblast is 1,795,079 (2022 estimate). Its largest city is Bila Tserkva, with a population over 200,000.

The Chernobyl Exclusion Zone is in the northern part of Kyiv Oblast. It is administered separately from the oblast and public access is prohibited.
IndyCar Series on NBC
IndyCar Series on NBC was the blanket title used for telecasts of IndyCar Series racing produced by NBC Sports.

NBC Sports' most recent involvement with the IndyCar Series dates back to the 2009 season, when Comcast-owned sports network Versus acquired the cable rights to the IndyCar Series under a 10-year deal. Versus was merged into the NBC Sports division and renamed NBC Sports Network (NBCSN) in 2012 after Comcast acquired a controlling stake in NBC Universal.

In 2019, NBC Sports reached a three-year extension to its contract, which also saw NBC acquire the broadcast television rights to the IndyCar Series (replacing ABC). As a result, NBC gained the broadcast rights to the IndyCar Series' flagship event, the Indianapolis 500. NBC's contract expired after the 2024 season, and starting in 2025, Fox Sports acquired the television rights to the entirety of both the IndyCar Series and Indy NXT schedules.

Leigh Diffey
Leigh Diffey (born 3 March 1971) is an Australian-American auto racing and track and field commentator. He is best known for being the lead play-by-play announcer for much of NBC Sports' motorsports coverage, currently calling NASCAR Cup Series, IMSA sports car races for the network and AMA Supercross. Before this, he was the lead voice of NBC's Formula One and IndyCar Series coverage. Diffey has also worked play-by-play for NBC's coverage of the Summer and Winter Olympic Games, most notably becoming the network's lead track and field sportscaster prior to the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.

Diffey's broadcasting career began by calling motorcycle races in his home country. His career has included stints with Network Ten in Australia and the BBC in the United Kingdom covering various forms of motorsport. In the United States, Diffey joined Speed Channel in 2003 before moving to NBC when Formula One's US television rights were transferred to the network in 2013.
Katumba Songwe
Katumba Songwe, also Katumbasongwe, is an administrative ward in the Kyela District of the Mbeya Region of Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 8,615 people in the ward, from 13,895 in 2012.: 96 : 114

Mbeya Region
Mbeya Region (Mkoa wa Mbeya in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. The region covers an area of 35,954 km2 (13,882 sq mi). The region is comparable in size to the combined land area of the nation state of Guinea Bissau. Mbeya Region is bordered to the east by Singida Region, Iringa Region and Njombe Region. The region is bordered to the south by Malawi and Lake Nyasa. To the north the region borders southern Tabora Region. Lastly, Mbeya is bordered to the west by Songwe Region. The regional capital is the city of Mbeya. According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 2,343,754.
Marine Station (Murmansk)
The Marine Station or Marine Terminal (Russian: Морской вокзал) is a maritime passenger terminal located in the city of Murmansk. Marine Station has two berths, one of which is a pontoon berth. There is a small embankment at the sea terminal. The Murmansk Shipping Company's MS Klavdia Yelanskaya berths at the terminal. The Klavdia Yelanskaya carries passengers along the coast of the Kola Peninsula, connecting Murmansk with the settlements of Ostrovnoy, Chapoma, Chavanga and Sosnovka. Prior to January 2013 boats from the station connected it with Abram-Mys, a remote microdistrict of Murmansk.

In 2009, the world's first nuclear-powered icebreaker Lenin was docked near the terminal as a museum ship.

In 2016, a reconstruction of the building added another storey and a clock tower in honor of the 100th anniversary of the city.

Maritime passenger terminal
A passenger terminal is a structure in a port which services passengers boarding and leaving water vessels such as ferries, cruise ships and ocean liners. Depending on the types of vessels serviced by the terminal, it may be named (for example) ferry terminal, cruise terminal, marine terminal or maritime passenger terminal. As well as passengers, a passenger terminal sometimes has facilities for automobiles and other land vehicles to be picked up and dropped off by the water vessel.
Cedar rocket
The Cedar rockets (Arabic: صواريخ أرز) are a series of missiles developed by Haigazian College and the Lebanese army during the 1960s. There were three types: Arz 1, Arz 2, and Arz 3.
During the 21st century the Arz4 missile was developed. The missile was stopped from production because it had close destruction abilities of French army missiles at that time (1960s). However, international worries towards the development in the abilities of Lebanese missiles began to surface, so Lebanon was put under pressure to stop producing these rockets by Western countries.

Lebanese Armed Forces
The Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF; Arabic: القوات المسلحة اللبنانية, romanized: Al-Quwwāt al-Musallaḥa al-Lubnāniyya), also known as the Lebanese Army (Arabic: الجيش اللبناني, romanized: Al-Jaish al-Lubnani), is the national military of the Republic of Lebanon. It consists of three branches, the ground forces, the air force, and the navy. The motto of the Lebanese Armed Forces is "Honor, Sacrifice, Loyalty" (Arabic: شرف · تضحية  · وفاء, romanized: Sharaf.Tadhia.Wafa). In politically unstable Lebanon, the Lebanese army has been described as one of the few state institutions in the country trusted by both the Lebanese population and the international community; and a guarantor of stability in multi-sectarian Lebanon.
Thomas Dick (politician)
Thomas Dick (13 August 1823 – 5 February 1900) was a 19th-century New Zealand politician. Originally a merchant, he worked in London and then represented his firm on Saint Helena for seven years. From there, he was sent to Dunedin as the company's representative; he emigrated with an extended family. He soon became involved in politics and was Superintendent of Otago Province from 1865 until 1867. Over a period of 24 years, he represented various Dunedin electorates in Parliament and was Colonial Secretary (1880–1884), Minister of Justice from 1881 to 1882, and Minister of Education from 1881 to 1884. A deeply religious man, he was involved in many church affairs. He was one of the founders of Hanover Street Baptist Church; the building is now classified as Category I by Heritage New Zealand.

Women's Christian Temperance Union New Zealand
Women's Christian Temperance Union of New Zealand (WCTU NZ) is a non-partisan, non-denominational, and non-profit organisation that is the oldest continuously active national organisation of women in New Zealand. The national organisation began in 1885 during the visit to New Zealand by Mary Clement Leavitt, the first world missionary for the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. The WCTU NZ was an early branch  of the World Woman's Christian Temperance Union and a founding affiliate of the National Council of Women of New Zealand. Men may join the WCTU NZ as honorary members.
Kent Curtis
Marvin Kent Curtis (October 10, 1890 – December 24, 1957) was an American aviator, novelist, illustrator, yachtsman, and teacher.  Curtis served in World War I as an aviator with the Royal Air Force, was shot down, reported dead, and held prisoner of war until the war's end. Based on his war experiences, he authored The Tired Captains, a novel centered on a group of World War I pilots. Curtis was of the "Lost Generation," Americans born in the 1890s who came of age during World War I. He lived intermittently in Paris during the 1920s. Curtis published primarily boys’ adventure stories set in the places where he lived: the North Woods of Minnesota and the islands off the Florida coast.

Captiva, Florida
Captiva is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Lee County, Florida, United States. It is located on Captiva Island. As of the 2020 census, the population was 318, down from 583 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Cape Coral-Fort Myers, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Located just offshore in the Gulf of Mexico, the island is just north of Sanibel Island. Captiva is accessed by a small bridge that crosses Blind Pass from Sanibel Island.

Many of Captiva's homes, condominiums, and businesses were destroyed during Hurricane Charley in 2004, but the island recovered shortly thereafter. In September 2022, Hurricane Ian caused significant damage to the causeway and to the infrastructure of the island.
Grass Lake (Haliburton County)
Grass Lake is a lake in Haliburton County, Ontario, Canada. It is in the "cottage country" area of central Ontario and has many cottages along its shores. It is connected to Head Lake in the east and Kashagawigamog Lake to the west. Like other lakes in the five lake chain, Grass Lake is essentially a widening of the Drag River, which flows from Drag Lake into the chain of lakes at Head Lake and out again at Canning Lake where a dam is controlled by the Trent–Severn Waterway.

Residents of Grass Lake are represented by the Grass Lake Association.

Haliburton County
Haliburton is a county of Ontario, Canada, known as a tourist and cottage area in Central Ontario for its scenery and for its resident artists. Minden Hills is the county seat. Haliburton County and the village of Haliburton are named after Thomas Chandler Haliburton, author, statesman, and the first chairman of the Canadian Land and Emigration Company.

The county borders Algonquin Provincial Park on the north.
Apir
Apir, also spelled aper, are traditional folding women's hand-held fans of the Maranao people of the Philippines. They are a part of the traditional dress of Maranao women. Royal bai (ladies) carry an apir in their right hand during ceremonies. A pair of apir fans are also commonly featured in Maranao traditional dances, including singkil and pagapir.

Maranao people
The Maranao people (Maranao: Bangsa Mëranaw, Jawi: ماراناو‎; Filipino: mga Maranaw), also spelled Meranaw, Maranaw, and Mëranaw, is a predominantly Muslim Filipino and Austronesian ethnic group native to the region around Lanao Lake in the island of Mindanao. They are known for their artwork, weaving, wood, plastic and metal crafts and epic literature, the Darangen. They are ethnically and culturally closely related to the Iranun people and Maguindanao people, all three groups being denoted speaking Danao languages and giving name to the island of Mindanao. They are grouped with other Moro people due to their shared religion.
Contact Comics
Contact Comics is an American comic book series published during what is known as the Golden Age of Comic Books by Aviation Press. All of the stories printed in Contact Comics dealt with modern aviation.

Regular features included Golden Eagle, Blazing Venus, and Tommy Tomahawk. Contributors to the title included Rudy Palais, Alvin Hollingsworth, Nina Albright, Carmine Infantino, Harvey Kurtzman, George Appel, Robert Sale (aka Bob Q. Siege), and Paul Parker. Covers were by L.B. Cole.

A total of twelve issues were published.

Carmine Infantino
Carmine Infantino (/ɪnfənˈtiːnoʊ/; May 24, 1925 – April 4, 2013) was an American comics artist and editor, primarily for DC Comics, during the late 1950s and early 1960s period known as the Silver Age of Comic Books. Among his character creations are the Black Canary and the Silver Age version of the Flash with writer Robert Kanigher, Elongated Man with John Broome, the Barbara Gordon incarnation of Batgirl with writer Gardner Fox, Deadman with writer Arnold Drake, and Christopher Chance, the second iteration of the Human Target, with Len Wein.

He was inducted into comics' Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame in 2000.
1952 Yugoslav Cup
The 1952 Yugoslav Cup was the 6th season of the top football knockout competition in SFR Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav Cup (Serbo-Croatian: Kup Jugoslavije), also known as the "Marshal Tito Cup" (Kup Maršala Tita), since its establishment in 1946.

Yugoslav Cup
The Yugoslav Cup (Croatian: Pokal Jugoslavije; Serbian: Куп Југославије, romanized: Kup Jugoslavije; Slovene: Pokal Jugoslavije, Macedonian: Куп на Југославија, romanized: Kup na Jugoslavija), officially known between 1923 and 1940 as the King Alexander Cup (Serbian: Куп краља Александра; Croatian: Kup kralja Aleksandra, and between 1947 and 1991 as the Marshal Tito Cup (Serbian: Куп маршала Тита; Croatian: Kup maršala Tita; Slovene: Pokal maršala Tita; Macedonian: Куп на маршал Тито, romanized: Kup na maršal Tito), was one of two major football competitions in Yugoslavia, the other one being the Yugoslav League Championship. The Yugoslav Cup took place after the league championships when every competitive league in Yugoslavia had finished, in order to determine which teams are ranked as their corresponding seeds. The Marshal Tito Cup trophy was based on a design by Branko Šotra.
Beyond Belief (memoir)
Beyond Belief: My Secret Life Inside Scientology and My Harrowing Escape is a 2013 memoir by Jenna Miscavige Hill. The book was co-written with Lisa Pulitzer. It details her experience growing up as a third-generation Scientologist and her interactions with her uncle, David Miscavige, and her aunt, Shelly Miscavige.

Lisa Pulitzer
Lisa Pulitzer (born c. 1962) is an American author and journalist. Pulitzer is a former correspondent for The New York Times newspaper. She is the author/ghostwriter of more than fifteen non-fiction books. In addition to her own books, Pulitzer has written a number of memoirs including several about young women who have escaped fundamentalist religion including Jenna Miscavige Hill, the former Scientologist, Lauren Drain, the ex-member of Westboro Baptist Church, and Elissa Wall, who wrote about her experiences after leaving the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. Pulitzer left journalism in 1998 while pregnant with her first child to concentrate on writing books and has had numerous publications on The New York Times Best Seller list.
Phosphoribosylamine
Phosphoribosylamine (PRA) is a biochemical intermediate in the formation of purine nucleotides via inosine-5-monophosphate, and hence is a building block for DNA and RNA. The vitamins thiamine and cobalamin also contain fragments derived from PRA.

Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP)

It is the product of the enzyme amidophosphoribosyltransferase which attaches ammonia from glutamine to phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) at its anomeric carbon:

PRPP + glutamine → PRA + glutamate + PPi

The biosynthesis pathway next combines PRA with glycine in a process driven by ATP giving glycineamide ribonucleotide (GAR). The enzyme phosphoribosylamine—glycine ligase catalyses the reaction forming an amide bond:

PRA + glycine + ATP → GAR + ADP + Pi

Amide
In organic chemistry, an amide, also known as an organic amide or a carboxamide, is a compound with the general formula R−C(=O)−NR′R″, where R, R', and R″ represent any group, typically organyl groups or hydrogen atoms. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, as in asparagine and glutamine. It can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid (R−C(=O)−OH) with the hydroxyl group (−OH) replaced by an amino group (−NR′R″); or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group (R−C(=O)−) joined to an amino group.

Common amides are formamide (H−C(=O)−NH2), acetamide (H3C−C(=O)−NH2), benzamide (C6H5−C(=O)−NH2), and dimethylformamide (H−C(=O)−N(−CH3)2).

Amides are qualified as primary, secondary, and tertiary according to the number of acyl groups bounded to the nitrogen atom.
Acrogeria
Acrogeria (Gottron's syndrome) is a skin condition characterized by premature aging, typically in the form of unusually fragile, thin skin on the hands and feet (distal extremities).

This is one of the classic congenital premature aging syndromes, occurring early in life, others being pangeria (Werner's syndrome) and progeria (Hutchinson–Gilford's syndrome), and was characterized in 1940. Acrogeria was originally described by Gottron in 1941, when he noticed premature cutaneous aging localized on the hands and feet in two brothers. The problem had been present since birth.

Onset is often in early childhood, it progresses over the next few years and then remains stable over time with morphology, colour and site remaining constant. A bruising tendency has been observed. Mutations in the COL3A1 gene, located at chromosome 2q31–q32, have been reported in varied phenotypes, including acrogeria and vascular rupture in Ehlers-Danlos' syndrome (more especially type IV).

Collagen, type III, alpha 1
Type III Collagen is a homotrimer, or a protein composed of three identical peptide chains (monomers), each called an alpha 1 chain of type III collagen. Formally, the monomers are called  collagen type III, alpha-1 chain and in humans are encoded by the COL3A1 gene. Type III collagen is one of the fibrillar collagens whose proteins have a long, inflexible, triple-helical domain.
CA Bar Ranch
The CA Bar Ranch, in Chaves County, New Mexico near Mayhill, New Mexico, was built in 1886.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

It is a one-and-a-half-story house built of random ashlar and dressed stone, with exterior walls 2 feet (0.61 m) thick or more.  It has fish-scale patterned shingles in its end gables.

It has also been known as the James Fielding Hinkle House.  It was built by and for James Hinkle, who later built a home in Roswell, New Mexico in 1906, which is a contributing building in the Downtown Roswell Historic District.

In 1988, it was part of a working cattle ranch.

It is located on U.S. Route 82 about 3 miles (4.8 km) west of its junction with New Mexico State Road 24.

Downtown Roswell Historic District
The Downtown Roswell Historic District is a 145 acres (59 ha) historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. Roughly bounded by 8th St., Richardson Ave., Albuquerque St. and Missouri Ave. in Roswell, the district included 298 contributing buildings.

It covers about 38 city blocks and 433 properties, mostly residences besides commercial properties along West Second Street, including non-contributing ones.  It covers the area of four residential subdivisions created during 1887 to 1899.

The district includes the James Phelps White House, which is separately listed on the National Register.