hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tree (command)
In computing, tree is a recursive directory listing command or program that produces a depth-indented listing of files. Originating in PC- and MS-DOS, it is found in Digital Research FlexOS, IBM/Toshiba 4690 OS, PTS-DOS, FreeDOS, IBM OS/2, Microsoft Windows, and ReactOS. A version for Unix and Unix-like systems is also available.

The tree command is frequently used as part of a technical support scam, where the command is used to occupy the command prompt screen, while the scammer, pretending to be technical support, types additional text that is supposed to look like output of the command.

Unix-like
A Unix-like (sometimes referred to as UN*X, *nix or *NIX) operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, although not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification. A Unix-like application is one that behaves like the corresponding Unix command or shell. Although there are general philosophies for Unix design, there is no technical standard defining the term, and opinions can differ about the degree to which a particular operating system or application is Unix-like. Some well-known examples of Unix-like operating systems include Linux, FreeBSD and OpenBSD. These systems are often used on servers as well as on personal computers and other devices. Many popular applications, such as the Apache web server and the Bash shell, are also designed to be used on Unix-like systems.
Soghain
The Soghain were a people of ancient Ireland. The 17th-century scholar Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh identified them as part of a larger group called the Cruithin. Mac Fhirbhisigh stated that the Cruithin included "the Dál Araidhi [Dál nAraidi], the seven Lóigisi [Loígis] of Leinster, the seven Soghain of Ireland, and every Conaille that is in Ireland."

Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh
Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh (Irish pronunciation: [ˈd̪ˠuːl̪ˠt̪ˠəx mˠək ˈɪɾʲəvʲɪʃiː]), also known as Dubhaltach Óg mac Giolla Íosa Mór mac Dubhaltach Mór Mac Fhirbhisigh, Duald Mac Firbis, Dudly Ferbisie, and Dualdus Firbissius (fl. 1643 – January 1671) was an Irish scribe, translator, historian and genealogist. He was one of the last traditionally trained Irish Gaelic scholars, and was a member of the Clan MacFhirbhisigh, a leading family of northern Connacht. His best-known work is the Leabhar na nGenealach, which was published in 2004 as The Great Book of Irish Genealogies, also known as The Great Book of Irish Genealogies. This was published in 2004 by Éamonn de Búrca, more than 300 years after it had been written.
Deadman's Grave, Icklingham
Deadman's Grave, Icklingham is a 127.3-hectare (315-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north-east of Icklingham in Suffolk. It is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade I, and part of Breckland Special Area of Conservation and Breckland Special Protection Area under the European Union Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds.

According to Natural England, this site "is largely covered by short, sheep-grazed, species-rich calcareous grassland of the very highest value." It has four nationally rare plants, Spanish catchfly, Boehmer's cat's-tail, Breckland Wild Thyme and spring speedwell. Nationally rare stone curlews breed there.

A track called Seven Tree Road runs through the site.

Special Protection Area
A special protection area (SPA) is a designation under the European Union Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds. Under the Directive, Member States of the European Union (EU) have a duty to safeguard the habitats of migratory birds and certain particularly threatened birds. Together with special areas of conservation (SACs), the SPAs form a network of protected sites across the EU, called Natura 2000. Each SPA has an EU code – for example the North Norfolk Coast SPA has the code UK9009031.
In the Cold Dark Night
In The Cold Dark Night is a 2020 American documentary film about the murder of Timothy Coggins in Spalding County, Georgia in 1983 and the Coggins family's subsequent 35-year quest for justice. The project was nominated for a 2021 News & Documentary Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing: Documentary. The film was also nominated for the Oglethorpe Award for Excellence in Georgia Cinema by the Georgia Film Critics Association.

The film premiered in the USA as a special event on 20/20 on July 17, 2020 and on Hulu immediately after. It has aired in the UK on Sky Documentaries since October 8, 2020.

Sky Documentaries
Sky Documentaries (also known as Sky Docs) is a British pay television channel owned and operated by Sky, a division of Comcast, which launched on 27 May 2020. Sky Documentaries broadcasts new imported programming alongside new original and other acquired programming. The channel can also be watched via a live stream and box sets on Sky's streaming service, Now.
Ptolemy's map of Ireland
Ptolemy's map of Ireland is a part of his "first European map" in the series of maps included in his Geography, which he compiled in the second century AD in Roman Egypt and which is the oldest surviving map of Ireland. Ptolemy's own map does not survive, but is known from manuscript copies made during the Middle Ages and from the text of the Geography, which gives coordinates and place names. Ptolemy almost certainly never visited Ireland, but compiled the map based on military, trader, and traveller reports, along with his own mathematical calculations. Given the creation process, the time period involved, and the fact that the Greeks and Romans had limited contact with Ireland, it is considered remarkably accurate.

River Erne
The River Erne (/ɛərn/ AIRN, Irish: Abhainn na hÉirne or An Éirne) in the northwest of the island of Ireland, is the second-longest river in Ulster, flowing through Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, and forming part of their border.
Euphorbia clementii
Euphorbia clementii is a herbaceous plant species that occurs on rocky hillsides and stony ground in the Pilbara in Western Australia. It has an erect habit, growing to 60 cm high. The species was first formally described by Czech botanist Karel Domin in 1930 in Bibliotheca Botanica, from plant material collected by Emile Clement between the Ashburton and Yule Rivers. It is classified as "Priority Two - Poorly Known" under the Wildlife Conservation Act in Western Australia.

Bibliotheca Botanica
Bibliotheca Botanica ("Bibliography of botany", Amsterdam, 1736, Salomen Schouten; 2nd edn., 1751) is a botany book by Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778). The book was written and published in Amsterdam when Linnaeus was twenty-eight and dedicated to the botanist Johannes Burman (1707–1779). The first edition appeared in 1736 with the full title Bibliotheca Botanica recensens libros plus mille de plantis huc usque editos secundum systema auctorum naturale in classes, ordines, genera et species; it was an elaborate classification system for his catalogue of books.

A digest of Bibliotheca Botanica, which elaborated on the first chapter of the Fundamenta Botanica, is given in Aphorisms 5–52 of the Philosophia Botanica.
Cichorzecze
Cichorzecze [t͡ɕixɔˈʐɛt͡ʂɛ] (German: Klöbenstein) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czaplinek, within Drawsko County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south-west of Czaplinek, 27 km (17 mi) east of Drawsko Pomorskie, and 108 km (67 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Czaplinek
Czaplinek [t͡ʂaˈplʲinɛk] (German: Tempelburg; Kashubian: Czôplënkò) is a town in Drawsko County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, with 7,012 inhabitants as of December 2021. It is situated between Drawsko and Czaplino lakes.

The former name of Tempelburg refers to the Templar Knights, who settled nearby at the orders of King Przemysł II. Until 1668, the town was part of Poland. Afterwards it was part of Brandenburg, Prussia and Germany, until the end of World War II. It is one of the northernmost towns of the historical region of Greater Poland.

Czaplinek is a local tourist destination, which has the second deepest lake in Poland and a large marina. The main market square features events, exhibitions and annual festivals.
Demographics of Louisiana
Louisiana is a South Central U.S. state, with a 2020 census resident population of 4,657,757, and apportioned population of 4,661,468. Much of the state's population is concentrated in southern Louisiana in the Greater New Orleans, Florida Parishes, and Acadiana regions, with the remainder in North and Central Louisiana's major metropolitan areas (Shreveport-Bossier City; Monroe-West Monroe; and Alexandria). The center of population of Louisiana is located in Pointe Coupee Parish, in the city of New Roads.

Monroe metropolitan area, Louisiana
The Monroe metropolitan area, officially the Monroe metropolitan statistical area, is a metropolitan statistical area in Northern Louisiana that covers three parishes—Ouachita, Union, and Morehouse. According to the 2020 census, the MSA had a population of 207,104.
George Davis IV
George Davis IV (born August 5, 1987) is an American former professional soccer player who previously played for Louisville City FC in the USL Championship. Currently, he is the Director of the LouCity & Racing Foundation.

New York Red Bulls II
The New York Red Bulls II is an American professional soccer team based in Montclair, New Jersey. They are the reserve team of the New York Red Bulls and play in MLS Next Pro, the third tier in the American soccer pyramid.

As of 2025, Red Bulls II is the only team to ever win both the USL Championship (then known as the United Soccer League) and MLSNP championships.
Edison Bridge (Ohio)
The Thomas A. Edison Memorial Bridge, or the Edison Bridge, carries Ohio State Routes 2 and 269 over Sandusky Bay. The bridge, which is 2,049 feet (625 m) in length, was completed in 1965. It was named for inventor and nearby Milan native Thomas Edison.

Milan, Ohio
Milan (/ˈmaɪlən/ MY-lən) is a village in Erie and Huron counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The population was 1,371 at the 2020 census.  It is best known as the birthplace and childhood home of Thomas Edison.

The Erie County portion of Milan is part of the Sandusky metropolitan area, while the Huron County portion is part of the Norwalk Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Chocñacota (Putina)
Chocñacota (possibly from Aymara ch'uxña green, quta lake "green lake") is a mountain in the Apolobamba mountain range in Peru and the name of a lake near the mountain. The mountain and the lake are situated in the Puno Region, Putina Province, Ananea District, near the Bolivian border. They lie southwest and northwest of the mountains Ichocollo and Palomani.

The lake lies northwest of the mountain at 14°41′59″S 69°16′52″W﻿ / ﻿14.69972°S 69.28111°W﻿ / -14.69972; -69.28111.

Chocñacota is also the name of an intermittent stream which originates near the lake. It flows to the west.

Department of Puno
Puno (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpuno]; Aymara and Quechua: Punu) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's southeast, it is the fifth largest department in Peru, after Cuzco, Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto. It is bordered by Bolivia to the east, the departments of Madre de Dios to the north, Cusco and Arequipa to the west, Moquegua to the southwest, and Tacna to the south. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Puno, which is located on Lake Titicaca in the geographical region known as the Altiplano or high sierra.
Karuma–Juba High Voltage Power Line
The Karuma–Juba High Voltage Power Line is a planned high voltage electricity power line, connecting the high voltage  substation at Karuma, in Kiryandongo District, in the Western Region of  Uganda, to another high voltage substation at Juba, in Jubek State, in South Sudan.

High voltage
High voltage is an electrical potential large enough to cause injury or damage. In certain industries, high voltage refers to voltage above a nominal threshold. Equipment and conductors that carry high voltage warrant special safety requirements and procedures.

High voltage is used in electrical power distribution, in cathode-ray tubes, to generate X-rays and particle beams, to produce electrical arcs, for ignition, in photomultiplier tubes, and in high-power amplifier vacuum tubes, as well as other industrial, military and scientific applications.
Vafa Guluzade
Vafa Guluzade (surname also spelled as Gulizade(h), Goulizade(h), Kulizade(h), Quluzade(h)) (Azerbaijani: 'Vəfa Mirzağa oğlu Quluzadə') (21 December 1940 – 1 May 2015) was an Azerbaijani diplomat, political scientist and specialist in conflict resolution. He worked as Foreign Policy State Advisor for the President of Azerbaijan between 1990-1999.

President of Azerbaijan
The president of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikasının Prezidenti) is the head of state of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The Constitution states that the president is the embodiment of executive power, commander-in-chief, "representative of Azerbaijan in home and foreign policies", and "shall have the right of immunity [from prosecution]." The president rules through his executive office, the Presidential Administration, consisting of a group of secretaries and departmental ministers. Additionally, there is a Cabinet of Ministers regarding economic and social policy and a Security Council regarding foreign, military, and judicial matters.

The primary workplace is the presidential building (also known as the presidential apparatus) on Istiglaliyyat Street in Baku. Ilham Aliyev, son of the former president, Heydar, was elected the 4th and current president on 31 October 2003 after his father's resignation due to his deteriorating health.
Hair hang
The hair hang is an aerial circus act where performers (usually young women) are suspended by their hair, performing acrobatic poses and/or manipulation. Performers hang suspended by their hair, which is tied into a hairhang rig; the techniques used to tie the performer's hair and the acrobatic techniques involved in the act are key.

The impressive tensile strength of human hair isn’t generally recognized, coinciding with strong audience reactions to the stunt. A single strand can potentially carry a weight of up to 100 grams (3.5 oz).

Hair hanging acts are prominently featured in the Cirque du Soleil touring productions Volta and Bazzar. In 2020, American violinist Lindsey Stirling hung from her hair while playing her signature piece "Crystalize" as part of her Home for the Holidays virtual concert.

Bazzar (Cirque du Soleil)
Bazzar was a touring show by Cirque du Soleil that premiered on 14 November 2018 in Mumbai, India. It is the company's 43rd production, and its first show to perform in India. From India, it moved to Riyadh in Saudi Arabia.

The show was designed to target the Indian and African market.

Destani Wolf was the lead vocalist for performances in India, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Lebanon, Egypt, Turkey and Saudi Arabia, and Dominican Republic.
Philalethes
Philalethes (Greek: φιλαλήθης, philaléthēs, pronounced [filalétɛːs]) was an Ancient Greek name, also often adopted in pseudonyms (based on its literal translation, "lover of truth"). It may apply to:

Philalethes, book by Severus of Antioch

Alazonomastix Philalethes, pseudonym of Henry More

Alexander Philalethes

Demosthenes Philalethes

Eirenaeus Philalethes, alchemical writer, now usually identified with George Starkey

Eugenius Philalethes, alchemical writer, now usually identified with Thomas Vaughan (philosopher)

Irenaeus Philalethes, pseudonym of Lewis Du Moulin

Philalethes Cantabrigiensis, pseudonym of James Jurin

Philalethes, pen-name of William Hazlitt

Philalethes, pseudonym of John of Saxony as translator of Dante's Divine Comedy

Philalethes, pen-name of Henry Portsmouth, author of an index to William Penn's works (1730)

Philalethes is a character in Humphry Davy's Consolations in Travel (1830)

Alexander Philalethes
Alexander Philalethes (Ancient Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος Φιλαλήθης) was an ancient Greek physician, whom Priscian called Alexander Amator Veri (Alexander Truth-Lover), and who was probably the same person quoted by Caelius Aurelianus under the name of Alexander Laodicensis.  He lived probably towards the end of the 1st century BC, as Strabo speaks of him as a contemporary.  He was a pupil of Asclepiades of Bithynia, succeeded an otherwise unknown Zeuxis as head of a celebrated Herophilean school of medicine, established in Phrygia between Laodicea and Carura, and was tutor to Aristoxenus and Demosthenes Philalethes.  He is several times mentioned by Galen and also by Soranus, and appears to have written some medical works, which are no longer extant.  The view, once current, that Alexander's Areskonta served as a doxographical basis for such authors as Anonymus Londinensis, Aetius the doxographer, Soranus of Ephesus, and Anonymus Bruxellensis is an inference on the basis of flimsy evidence.
Zwei Choralphantasien, Op. 40
Zwei Choralphantasien (two chorale fantasias), Op. 40, are fantasias for organ by Max Reger. He composed the fantasias in 1899 on two chorales: "Wie schön leucht't uns der Morgenstern" and "Straf mich nicht in deinem Zorn" They were published by Musikverlag Josef Aibl in Munich in May 1900.

Weiden in der Oberpfalz
Weiden in der Oberpfalz (German pronunciation: [ˈvaɪdn̩ ʔɪn deːɐ̯ ˈʔoːbɐˌpfalts] ⓘ, lit. 'Weiden in the Upper Palatinate'; official abbreviation: Weiden i.d.OPf.; Northern Bavarian: Weidn in da Owapfalz) is a district-free town in Bavaria, Germany. It is located 100 km (62 mi) east of Nuremberg and 35 km (22 mi) west of the Czech border. Weiden is the second biggest town in the governmental district Oberpfalz after Regensburg. A branch of the German Army is located here.
2020–21 South Alabama Jaguars men's basketball team
The 2020–21 South Alabama Jaguars men's basketball team represented the University of South Alabama during the 2020–21 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Jaguars, led by third-year head coach Richie Riley, played their home games at the Mitchell Center in Mobile, Alabama as members in the Sun Belt Conference. With the creation of divisions to cut down on travel due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, they played in the East division. They finished the season 17–11, 19–7 to finish in third place in the East division. They defeated Louisiana–Monroe in the first round of the Sun Belt tournament before losing to Louisiana in the quarterfinals.

2020–21 Louisiana–Monroe Warhawks men's basketball team
The 2020–21 Louisiana–Monroe Warhawks men's basketball team represented the University of Louisiana at Monroe in the 2020–21 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Warhawks, led by 11th-year head coach Keith Richard, played their home games at Fant–Ewing Coliseum in Monroe, Louisiana as members of the Sun Belt Conference. With the creation of divisions to cut down on travel due to the COVID-19 pandemic, they played in the West Division.
Have 'Twangy' Guitar Will Travel
Have 'Twangy' Guitar Will Travel is the debut album by the guitarist Duane Eddy. It was released in 1958 on Jamie Records, as JLP-3000. There were five charting singles and a B-side of an additional charting single taken from this album.

Jamie Records released the album again in 1999 on compact disc, as Jamie 4007-2, with three bonus tracks. The bonus tracks are, in order, "Up and Down", "The Walker" and "Mason Dixon Lion".

Lee Hazlewood
Barton Lee Hazlewood (July 9, 1929 – August 4, 2007) was an American country and pop singer, songwriter, and record producer, most widely known for his work with guitarist Duane Eddy during the late 1950s and singer Nancy Sinatra in the 1960s and 1970s.
His collaborations with Sinatra as well as his solo output in the late 1960s and early 1970s have been praised as an essential contribution to a sound often described as "cowboy psychedelia" or "saccharine underground". Rolling Stone ranked Lee Hazlewood & Nancy Sinatra No. 9 on its list of the 20 Greatest Duos of All Time.
Anthony Calf
Anthony Calf (born 4 May 1959) is an English actor. He studied acting at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art (LAMDA). He had recurring roles in the television medical drama Holby City, as Michael Beauchamp, and New Tricks as DAC Robert Strickland. He has also worked in theatre, where his credits include productions of The Madness of George III with the National Theatre and A Midsummer Night's Dream, The false servant at the National Theatre and Rock'n Roll at the Duke of York's Theatre. He was nominated as best actor in the Irish Times Theatre Awards 2008 for his work in Uncle Vanya at the Gate Theatre. He was featured in King Charles III on Broadway in 2015.

Medical drama
A medical drama is a television movie or film in which events center upon a hospital, clinic, doctor's office, a paramedic, or any other medical topic or environment. Most recent medical dramatic programming goes beyond the events pertaining to the characters' jobs and portray some aspects of their personal lives. The longest running prime-time medical drama in the world is the British series Casualty, airing since 1986, and the longest running medical soap opera is General Hospital, running since 1963.
Lysobacterales
The Lysobacterales are a bacterial order within the Gammaproteobacteria. They are one of the largest groups of bacterial phytopathogens, harbouring species such as Xanthomonas citri, Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, Xanthomonas oryzae and Xylella fastidiosa. These bacteria affect agriculturally important plants including tomatoes, bananas, citrus plants, rice, and coffee. Species within the genus Stenotrophomonas are multidrug resistant opportunistic pathogens that are responsible for nosocomial infections in immunodeficient patients.

Xanthomonas oryzae
Xanthomonas oryzae is a species of bacteria. The major host of the bacterium is rice.

The species contains two pathovars, neither of which is native to Europe: X. o. pv. oryzae and X. o. pv. oryzicola.

Xanthomonas oryzae epidemics can cause yield losses ranging from 2-74%, and the bacteria can be carried on rice seeds, causing further disease spread.

The host resistance gene, Xa21, from Oryza longistaminata, is integrated into the genome of Oryza sativa for its broad-range resistance to rice leaf blight caused by X. o. pv. oryzae.
Competition Act 1998
The Competition Act 1998 (c. 41) is the current major source of competition law in the United Kingdom, along with the Enterprise Act 2002. The act provides an updated framework for identifying and dealing with restrictive business practices and abuse of a dominant market position.

One of the main purposes of this act was to harmonise the UK with EU competition policy, with Chapter I and II of the act mirroring the content of Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty of Amsterdam (formally Articles 85 and 86 of the Treaty of Rome).

Treaty of Amsterdam
The Treaty of Amsterdam, officially the Treaty of Amsterdam amending the Treaty on European Union, the Treaties establishing the European Communities and certain related acts, was signed on 2 October 1997, and entered into force on 1 May 1999; it made substantial changes to the Maastricht Treaty, which had been signed in 1992.

Under the Treaty of Amsterdam, member states agreed to transfer certain powers from national governments to the European Parliament across diverse areas, including legislating on immigration, adopting civil and criminal laws in areas of shared and exclusive competency, and enacting common foreign and security policy (CFSP), as well as implementing institutional changes for expansion as new member nations join the EU.