hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Gamble (priest)
John Gamble (1762–1811) was a British Anglican clergyman and military chaplain. From 1796 to 1810, he served as the first Chaplain General to the Forces and head of the Army Chaplains' Department.

Gamble was educated at Pembroke College, Cambridge, graduating B.A. 1784, M.A. 1787, and becoming a Fellow of the college, He was chaplain to the Duke of York and Albany, and became chaplain-general of the forces. He was rector of Alphamstone, and of Bradwell-juxta-mare in Essex. He died at Knightsbridge on 27 July 1811. He was minister of Knightsbridge's Trinity Chapel, and had resided there, at 3 South Place, from 1801.

In 1795 Gamble published a pamphlet Observations on Telegraphic Experiments, or the different Modes which have been or may be adopted for the purpose of Distant Communication. He followed it with Essay on the different Modes of Communication by Signals (1797). He is credited with the invention at this period of a six-arm semaphore.

Pembroke College, Cambridge
Pembroke College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. The college is the third-oldest college of the university and has over 700 students and fellows. It is one of the university's larger colleges, with buildings from almost every century since its founding, as well as extensive gardens. Its members are termed "Valencians". The college's Master is the art historian Rosalind Polly Blakesley.

Pembroke has a level of academic performance among the highest of all the Cambridge colleges; in 2013, 2014, 2016, and 2018 Pembroke was placed second in the Tompkins Table. Pembroke contains the first chapel designed by Sir Christopher Wren and is one of only six Cambridge colleges to have educated a British prime minister, in Pembroke's case William Pitt the Younger. The college library, with a Victorian neo-gothic clock tower, has an original copy of the first encyclopaedia to contain printed diagrams.
Glycidyl methacrylate
Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) is an ester of methacrylic acid and glycidol. Containing both an epoxide and an acrylate group, the molecule is bifunctional. It is a common monomer used in the production of epoxy resins. While typical home epoxies contain diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA),  glycidyl methacrylate is instead used to provide epoxy functionalization to polyolefins and other acrylate resins. Glycidyl methacrylate is produced by several companies worldwide, including Dow Chemical.  It is used to prepare a range of composites.

Bifunctionality
In chemistry, bifunctionality or difunctionality is the presence of two functional groups in a molecule. A bifunctional species has the properties of each of the two types of functional groups, such as an alcohol (−OH), amide (−CONH2), aldehyde (−CHO), nitrile (−CN) or carboxylic acid (−COOH). Many bifunctional species are used to produce complex materials.  They participate in condensation polymerization like polyester and polyamide.

Polyfunctional species have more than two functional groups. Most biological compounds are polyfunctional.
Kalhatti Falls (Ooty)
Kalhatti Falls also called as Bird Watcher's Falls is a tourist spot near Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu. These falls are about 13 km (8.1 mi) from Ooty, on the Ooty to Mysore Road or Sigur Ghat Road, It is situated at an elevation of about 1,600 m (5,200 ft) in the Sigur Plateau. This place is rich in bird life.  Wild animals such as deer, wild buffalo and sambhar come to drink water. From Kalhatti village the falls can be reached by trekking for 3 km (1.9 mi).

Gaur
The gaur (Bos gaurus; /ɡaʊər/), also known as the Indian bison, is a large bovine native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, and has been listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 1986. The global population was estimated at a maximum of 21,000 mature individuals in 2016, with the majority of those existing in India.
It is the largest species among the wild cattle and the Bovidae.

The domesticated gayal or mithun originated partly from the wild gaur and is most common in the border regions of Northeast India (Assam, Manipur, Nagaland) and Bangladesh with Myanmar and Yunnan, China.
2003 Tata Open – Doubles
Mahesh Bhupathi and Leander Paes were the defending champions but they competed with different partners that year, Bhupathi with Todd Woodbridge and Paes with David Rikl.

Paes and Rikl lost in the quarterfinals to Tomáš Cibulec and Ota Fukárek.

Bhupathi and Woodbridge lost in the semifinals to František Čermák and Leoš Friedl.

Julian Knowle and Michael Kohlmann won in the final 7–6(7–1), 7–6(7–3) against Čermák and Friedl.

Michael Kohlmann
Michael Kohlmann (born 11 January 1974) is a retired professional tennis player from Germany.

Primarily a doubles specialist, he has won five ATP Tour doubles titles in his career. In March 2007, he reached his career-high doubles ranking of World No. 27.

Kohlmann reached the third round of the 1998 US Open in singles and was part of the squad who reached the semifinals of the 2007 Davis Cup. Since 2015 he is the captain of the Germany Davis Cup Team.
BMW N42
The BMW N42 is a DOHC four-cylinder petrol engine which replaced the BMW M43 and was produced from 2001-2004.

The N42 serves as the basis for the smaller N40 engine (which does not have Valvetronic).

The N42B18 won the 1.4-1.8 L category of the International Engine of the Year awards for 2001.

In 2004, the N42 was replaced by the BMW N46 four-cylinder engine.

International Engine of the Year
The International Engine of the Year was an annual competition for automotive industry internal combustion engines and electric motors, judged by a panel of automobile journalists from around the world.  It is organised by UKi Media & Events' Automotive Magazines.  The competition was started in 1999. The last competition was held in 2019. The 2020 competition was initially delayed due to COVID-19 and was never scheduled.

The award is determined by the panellists using "subjective driving impressions and technical knowledge, and took into account characteristics such as fuel economy, noise, smoothness, performance and driveability".
Ford Global B-car Platform
The Ford global B-car platform (for "B-class") is a subcompact automobile platform that is jointly developed by Ford Motor Company and Mazda Motor Corporation at centers in Europe as well as North America and Australia. Previously, Ford has used the Mazda-engineered D platform for its B-segment Ford Festiva (hatchback). This new global B-platform project was initiated by Ford in Dearborn, MI and is equipped with front MacPherson strut and twist-beam rear suspension. The front suspension arms (wishbone) are attached to a pressed-steel welded subframe, which is directly bolted onto the bodyshell. The design is made to accommodate diverse engine options.

Vehicle size class
Vehicle size classes are series of ratings assigned to different segments of automotive vehicles for the purposes of vehicle emissions control and fuel economy calculation. Various methods are used to classify vehicles; in North America, passenger vehicles are classified by total interior capacity while trucks are classified by gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR). Vehicle segments in the European Union use linear measurements to describe size. Asian vehicle classifications are a combination of dimensions and engine displacement.
Mexico and the Mexicans
Mexico and the Mexicans (Spanish: México y los mexicanos) is an 1855 monograph by Christian Sartorius, illustrated by Johann Moritz Rugendas. It is considered part of the Costumbrismo movement, because of its romanticized realist depictions of nineteenth-century Mexican country life.

Sartorius' work was inspired by that of Prussian naturalist and geographer Alexander von Humboldt, whose travels and documentation of Latin America and Mexico were among the first 'scientific' European explorations of what was then known as New Spain.

Mexico and the Mexicans narrates the conditions of life for different social classes in cities such as Mexico, Córdoba, Veracruz, and Jalapa. In preparation for publication, the illustrator Moritz Rugendas created nearly 1,400 detailed illustrations, paintings, and diagrams of the materials covered in the book, but Sartorius ultimately included only 18 in the final publication.

Xalapa
Xalapa or Jalapa (English: /həˈlɑːpə/, Spanish: [xaˈlapa] ⓘ), officially Xalapa-Enríquez (IPA: [xaˈlapa enˈrikes]), is the capital city of the Mexican state of Veracruz and the name of the surrounding municipality. In 2020 census the city reported a population of 443,063 and the municipality of which it serves as municipal seat reported a population of 488,531. The municipality has an area of 118.45 km2. Xalapa lies near the geographic center of the state and is the second-largest city in the state after the city of Veracruz to the southeast.
Division of Parramatta
The Division of Parramatta is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It was created in 1900 and was one of the original 65 divisions contested at the first federal election. It is based in the western suburbs of Sydney. The current member, since the 2022 federal election, is Andrew Charlton, a member of the Australian Labor Party.

Parramatta is a diverse electorate with large immigrant communities from India and China, and has a higher than average university education rate according to the 2016 census. At the time of the 2022 Australian federal election, 12% of Parramatta's population possessed Chinese ancestry.

Electorates of the Australian House of Representatives
Electorates (also known as electoral divisions, federal divisions or seats) are the single-member electoral districts of the Australian House of Representatives; the lower house of the Parliament of Australia. There are currently 150 federal electorates.
Under a Pale Grey Sky
Under a Pale Grey Sky is a live album by Sepultura, released on September 24, 2002, through Roadrunner Records. The album was recorded in the Brixton Academy, London on December 16, 1996. Max Cavalera left Sepultura shortly after the concert, following an argument with his band mates outside the band's touring bus.

The two other bands performing on that same night were Strife and Floodgate.

The album was released by Roadrunner Records after dropping Sepultura from the label. The set list for the show sees the band play the majority of that year's Roots album, as well as the most popular songs from their previous albums. The title of the album is a direct reference to the chorus of the song "Arise" from their fourth album of the same name.

Roadrunner Records
Roadrunner Records is a Dutch-American record label focused on heavy metal and hard rock music. Founded in the Netherlands in 1980, it is now a division of Warner Music Group and is based in New York City. Formerly seen as one of the most powerful independent metal labels of the 1980s and 1990s, it would eventually become a massive host of metal acts, most seen in Roadrunner United and the following live concert. Since then, the label continued to put out major releases. However, by the 2020s, most major acts had left the label; it was also acquired by Warner, being relegated to something much smaller than before.
Gymnastics at the 1948 Summer Olympics – Men's pommel horse
The men's pommel horse competition at the 1948 Summer Olympics was held at Earls Court Exhibition Centre on 12 and 13 August. It was the seventh appearance of the event. There were 121 competitors from 16 nations, with each nation sending a team of up to 8 gymnasts. The event ended in a three-way tie for the gold medal, with all three winners from Finland: Paavo Aaltonen, Veikko Huhtanen, and Heikki Savolainen. It was the third time the medals had been swept in the event (United States in 1904, Switzerland in 1924). Another three-way tie would occur in 1988. It was Finland's first victory in the event, and first medal since 1928.

Veikko Huhtanen
Veikko Aarne Aleks Huhtanen (5 June 1919 – 29 January 1976) was a Finnish artistic gymnast. He was the most successful gymnast at the 1948 Summer Olympics, taking home five medals, including three gold medals. In the pommel horse event, Huhtanen and two other Finns, Heikki Savolainen and Paavo Aaltonen, had the same score and the gold medal was shared among the three.

Huhtanen won two silver medals at the 1950 World Championships, in horizontal bar and with a team. Domestically he won only one individual title, in horizontal bar in 1948. Huhtanen retired after failing to qualify for the 1952 Olympics. He later worked as a machine operator in a factory and remained involved with gymnastics as a referee.
Manticao
Manticao, officially the Municipality of Manticao (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Manticao; Tagalog: Bayan ng Manticao), is a municipality in the province of Misamis Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 29,469 people.

Manticao River was known as Naawan River until 1957, when it was renamed.

In 1948, the barrio of Manticao, then part of Initao, was constituted into the town of Manticao.

Misamis Oriental
Misamis Oriental (Cebuano: Sidlakang Misamis; Maranao: Sebangan Misamis; Filipino: Silangang Misamis), officially the Province of Misamis Oriental, is a province located in the region of Northern Mindanao in the Philippines. Its capital and largest city is Cagayan de Oro, the regional center of Northern Mindanao, which is geographically grouped but governed independently from the province.
Slow architecture
Slow architecture is a term believed to have grown from the slow food movement of the mid-1980s. Slow architecture is generally architecture that is created gradually and organically, as opposed to building it quickly for short-term goals. It is often combined with an ecological, environmentally sustainable approach.

Slow architecture could also be interpreted literally to mean architecture that has taken a very long time to build, for example the Sagrada Família, in Barcelona.

When Eduardo Souto de Moura won the 2011 Pritzker Prize, a jury member described his buildings as slow architecture, because it required careful consideration to appreciate its intricacies. Professor Kenneth Frampton said "Souto de Moura's work is sort of more grounded in a way... They have their character coming from the way in which they have been developed as structures." 2012 Pritzker winner Wang Shu was described as "China's champion of Slow architecture".

Kenneth Frampton
Kenneth Brian Frampton CBE (born 20 November 1930) is a British architect, critic and historian. He is regarded as one of the world's leading historians of modernist architecture and contemporary architecture. He is an Emeritus Professor of Architecture at the Graduate School of Architecture, Planning, and Preservation at Columbia University, New York, where he taught for over 50 years. He is a citizen of Britain and the United States.
Andrey Melnikov
Andrey Alexandrovich Melnikov (Russian: Андрей Александрович Мельников, Belarusian: Андрэй Мельнікаў; 11 April 1968 – 8 January 1988) was a machine gunner with the rank of private in the 9th Company of the 345th Independent Guards Airborne Regiment under the 40th Army during the Soviet-Afghan war.

Melnikov was present during the Battle for Hill 3234 as an RPK gunner. During the late night of January 8, Melnikov blunted a strong mujahideen attack on the 9th Company's position, at the cost of his life. For his bravery and skill under fire, Melnikov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Mujahideen
Mujahideen or mujahidin (Arabic: مُجَاهِدِين, romanized: mujāhidīn), is the plural form of mujahid (Arabic: مُجَاهِد, romanized: mujāhid, lit. 'strugglers or strivers, doers of jihād'), an Arabic term that broadly refers to people who engage in jihad (lit. 'struggle or striving [for justice, right conduct, Godly rule, etc.]'), interpreted in a jurisprudence of Islam as the fight on behalf of God, religion or the community (ummah).

The widespread use of the word in English began with reference to the guerrilla-type militant groups led by the Islamist Afghan fighters in the Soviet–Afghan War (see Afghan mujahideen). The term now extends to other jihadist groups in various countries.
Oscar Clavarino
Oscar Clavarino (born 22 May 1999) is an Australian rules footballer who played for St Kilda in the Australian Football League (AFL). Clavarino, a key defender, is noted for his intercept marking ability.

Drafted as a second-round pick in 2017, Clavarino's AFL career was curtailed by slow development, ankle and hamstring injuries, and interruptions from the COVID-19 pandemic. He spent most of his time at St Kilda playing for their second-tier Victorian Football League (VFL) affiliate, Sandringham. In 2021, Clavarino finally made his AFL debut, 1283 days after he had been drafted. St Kilda delisted him at the season's conclusion; he continued his football with South Adelaide in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL).

Sandringham Football Club
The Sandringham Football Club, nicknamed the Zebras, is an Australian rules football club based in the Melbourne suburb of Sandringham. It currently competes in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and the VFL Women's (VFLW).

Sandringham has competed in the VFL – originally known as the Victorian Football Association (VFA) – since 1929, and was one of only two clubs to not be relegated to Division 2 when the VFA was split into two divisions.

Sandringham men's side is a standalone outfit and is not affiliated with any other club. Between 2009 and 2025, the club had a reserves affiliation with Australian Football League (AFL) club St Kilda, and prior to that were affiliated with Melbourne. The club's women's side, which competes in the VFLW, retains an affiliation with St Kilda.
József Attila Móring
József Attila Móring (born 8 October 1968) is a Hungarian educator and politician, member of the National Assembly (MP) for Balatonboglár (Somogy County Constituency IV) from 2006 to 2014, and for Marcali (Somogy County 3rd constituency) since 2014. He was also Member of Parliament from his party, the Fidesz's Somogy County Regional List between 2002 and 2004.

Somogy County
Somogy (Hungarian: Somogy vármegye, pronounced [ˈʃomoɟ]; Croatian: Šomođska županija; Slovene: Šomodska županija, German: Komitat Schomodei) is an administrative county (comitatus or vármegye) in present Hungary, and also in the former Kingdom of Hungary.

Somogy County lies in south-western Hungary, on the border with Croatia's Koprivnica-Križevci and Virovitica-Podravina counties. It stretches between the river Dráva and the southern shore of Lake Balaton. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties of Zala, Veszprém, Fejér, Tolna, and Baranya. Somogy is the most sparsely populated county in Hungary. The county capital is Kaposvár. Its area is 6,036 km2.
Willie Has Gone to War
"Willie Has Gone To War" is a song written by Stephen Collins Foster sometime in 1862. It was considered a 'Civil War Song', though it was not as popular as some of his previous work. George Cooper wrote the lyrics. He may have composed up to 285 songs, hymns, arrangements and instrumental works during his lifetime. He also created many of the lyrics.

Stephen Foster
Stephen Collins Foster (July 4, 1826 – January 13, 1864), known as "the father of American music", was an American composer known primarily for his parlour and folk music during the Romantic period. Foster wrote more than 200 songs, including "Oh! Susanna", "Hard Times Come Again No More", "Camptown Races", "Old Folks at Home" ("Swanee River"), "My Old Kentucky Home", "Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair", "Old Black Joe", and "Beautiful Dreamer". Many of his compositions remain popular today.
Wolf children
Wolf children (German: Wolfskinder, Lithuanian: vilko vaikai, Russian: дети-волчата) or Little Germans (Lithuanian: vokietukai) were German and Prussian Lithuanian street children that existed in East Prussia at the end of World War II. Wolf children were mostly orphans left behind in the evacuation of East Prussia and Red Army invasion in early 1945, with many living homeless in the forests of East Prussia or adopted by Lithuanian families.

Lithuanians
Lithuanians (Lithuanian: lietuviai) are a Baltic ethnic group. They are native to Lithuania, where they number around 2,378,118 people. Another two million make up the Lithuanian diaspora, largely found in countries such as the United States, United Kingdom, Brazil and Canada. Their native language is Lithuanian, one of only two surviving members of the Baltic language family along with Latvian. According to the census conducted in 2021, 84.6% of the population of Lithuania identified themselves as Lithuanians. Most Lithuanians belong to the Catholic Church, while the Lietuvininkai who lived in the northern part of East Prussia prior to World War II, were mostly Lutherans.
Pomiary
Pomiary [pɔˈmjarɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strzelce Wielkie, within Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) east of Strzelce Wielkie, 16 km (10 mi) east of Pajęczno, and 75 km (47 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Pajęczno
Pajęczno [paˈjɛnt͡ʂnɔ] is a town in Poland, in Łódź Voivodeship. It is the capital of Pajęczno County. It lies approximately 40 kilometres (25 miles) north of Częstochowa. Its population is 6,651 (2020). It is located in the Sieradz Land.
Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association (1976–1996)
The Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association (TIAA) was an NCAA Division III and  NAIA college athletic conference that operated from 1976 to 1996.  Its members were all located in the US state of Texas.  When the association dissolved in 1996, most of the teams joined the newly formed American Southwest Conference which included teams from other states.

NAIA independent schools
NAIA independent schools are four-year institutional members of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) that do not have formal conference affiliations. NAIA schools that are not members of any other athletic conference are members of the Continental Athletic Conference (CAC), formerly the Association of Independent Institutions (AII), which provides member services to the institution and allows members to compete in postseason competition. The CAC has one member institution in Canada's British Columbia. It provides services to the member institutions that are not fitting in any other NAIA conference and allows members to compete in postseason competition. The AII renamed itself the Continental Athletic Conference at the end of June 2021, citing the need to identify as a proper conference.
2015–16 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 5 – Women's 500 metres
The women's 500 metres races of the 2015–16 ISU Speed Skating World Cup 5, arranged in the Sørmarka Arena in Stavanger, Norway, were held on 29 and 30 January 2016.

Zhang Hong of China won race one, while compatriot Yu Jing came second, and Jorien ter Mors of the Netherlands came third. Miho Takagi of Japan won the first Division B race.

Yu and Zhang shifted places at the top in race two, while Heather McLean of Canada finished in third place. Li Qishi of China won the second Division B race.

Yu Jing
Yu Jing (Chinese: 于静; pinyin: Yú Jìng; Mandarin pronunciation: [y̌ tɕîŋ]; born 29 May 1985) is a Chinese long-track speed-skater who specializes in the sprint distances. She became the World Sprint Champion in 2012, setting world records in both the sprint combination and the 500 metres. She held the world record in the sprint combination until Heather Richardson bettered it in January 2013, and the world record in 500 metres until Lee Sang-hwa broke it in November 2013. The time, 36.94 seconds, was the Chinese record until broken by Wang Beixing in November 2013.