hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Amulirafusp alfa
Amulirafusp alfa (IMM0306) is a cancer immunotherapy that targets CD20-positive B-cell malignancies. It is a fusion protein that combines a CD20 monoclonal antibody with the CD47 binding domain of SIRPα, allowing it to simultaneously engage both CD20 and CD47 on cancer cells. Amulirafusp alfa has a dual mechanism of action that enhances both macrophage-mediated phagocytosis and natural killer cell activation.

CD47
CD47 (Cluster of Differentiation 47) also known as integrin associated protein (IAP) is a transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the CD47 gene. CD47 belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and partners with membrane integrins and also binds the ligands thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) and signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα). CD-47 acts as a don't eat me signal to macrophages of the immune system which has made it a potential therapeutic target in some cancers, and more recently, for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.

CD47 is involved in a range of cellular processes, including apoptosis, proliferation, adhesion, and migration.  Furthermore, it plays a role in insulin secretion, as well as immune and angiogenic responses.  CD47 is ubiquitously expressed in human cells and has been found to be overexpressed in many different tumor cells.  Expression in equine cutaneous tumors has been reported as well.
Fenia Chertkoff
Fenia Chertkoff de Repetto (7 October 1869 – 31 May 1927) was a Russian-born Argentine feminist, intellectual, educator, political activist, and sculptor. She was married to Nicolás Repetto, an Argentine physician and leader of the Socialist Party of Argentina.

Socialist Party (Argentina)
The Socialist Party (Spanish: Partido Socialista, PS) is a  centre-left political party in Argentina. Founded in 1896, it is one of the oldest still-active parties in Argentina, alongside the Radical Civic Union.

The party has been an opponent of Kirchnerism and Mauricio Macri.
St. Johns culture
The St. Johns culture was an archaeological culture in northeastern Florida, USA that lasted from about 500 BCE (the end of the Archaic period) until shortly after European contact in the 17th century. The St. Johns culture was present along the St. Johns River and its tributaries (including the Oklawaha River, and along the Atlantic coast of Florida from the mouth of the St. Johns River south to a point east of the head of the St. Johns River, near present-day Cocoa Beach, Florida. At the time of first European contact, the St. Johns culture area was inhabited by speakers of the Mocama (or Agua Salada), Agua Fresca and Acuera dialects of the Timucua language and by the Mayacas.

Cocoa Beach, Florida
Cocoa Beach is a city in Brevard County, Florida, United States. The population was 11,354 at the 2020 United States census, up from 11,231 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Palm Bay–Melbourne–Titusville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.
New Jersey Titans
The New Jersey Titans were a team of the Women's Spring Football League (WSFL) 11-woman division.  Originally based in Wayne, New Jersey, the Titans played their home games on the campus of Passaic County Technical Institute through the 2010 season. Upon their return for the 2012 season, the Titans relocated their home games to Belleville Municipal Stadium in Belleville, New Jersey.

Before joining the WSFL, the Titans played a season each in the now-defunct Women's Professional Football League and the National Women's Football Association, as well as two seasons in the Women's Football Alliance before taking the 2011 season off.

The Titans were owned by former Fairleigh Dickinson basketball player Simone Edwards, who also played on the team as a tight end and linebacker. Under her direction, the Titans won the WSFL title in 2012.

Women's Professional Football League
The Women's Professional American Football League (WPFL) was a women's professional American football league in the United States. With teams across the United States, the WPFL had its first game in 1999 with just two original teams: the Lake Michigan Minx and the Minnesota Vixens. Fifteen teams nationwide competed for the championship in 2006.

Unlike the other women's American football franchises, the WPFL operated as a fall league and not a spring league.
Paradise, Washington
Paradise is the name of an area at approximately 5,400 feet (1,600 m) on the south slope of Mount Rainier in Mount Rainier National Park in Washington, United States. Southeast of Seattle, the area lies on the border of Pierce and Lewis counties and includes the Paradise Valley and the Paradise Glacier, the source of the Paradise River.  Paradise also offers views of Mount Rainier and the Tatoosh Range.

Lewis County, Washington
Lewis County is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 82,149. The county seat is Chehalis, and its largest city is Centralia. Lewis County comprises the Centralia, WA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Seattle-Tacoma, WA Combined Statistical Area.
Southampton UOTC
Southampton University Officer Training Corps is a British Army reserve unit of the University Officers' Training Corps, based in the south of England.

It is formed of three sub-units: A Company for its first-year Officer Cadets, B Company for its second-year Officer Cadets, and the Leadership Development Wing. It recruits predominantly from the University of Southampton, University of Portsmouth, Bournemouth University, Solent University and the University of Winchester.

University of Winchester
The University of Winchester is a public research university based in the city of Winchester, Hampshire, England. The university has origins tracing back to 1840 as a teacher training college, but was established in 2005.

Winchester University is a member of The Cathedrals Group (officially the Council of Church Universities and Colleges or CCUC), an association of universities and university colleges in the United Kingdom.

Every year the university holds its graduation ceremonies in Winchester Cathedral.

Graduates of the University of Winchester may use the post-nominals Winton., from the Latin Wintoniensis meaning 'of Winchester'.
Abu al-Fadl Muhammad al Tabasi
Abu al-Fadl Muhammad al Tabasi (died 1089) was a Shafi‘i Muslim and Sufi Asharite author who lived most of his life in Nishapur. He was a respected religious authority and hold several lectures in his region.

Although many works are associated with him, his al-Shāmil fī al-baḥr al-kāmil (The Comprehensive Compendium to the Entire Sea), a treatise about conjuring demons and jinn, seems to be most disseminated. Distinguishing between licit and illicit magic, he activates the spells by invoking the names of angels, prophets and cites Islamic sacred scriptures such as the Torah, the Gospel and certain Quranic verses, regarding such occult practises as in accordance with Islamic law, as long it is performed by virtues and not by sin.

He was famous for his alleged own ability to subjugate jinn, as reported by encyclopedist and scholar of natural scientist Zakariya al-Qazwini.

Zakariya al-Qazwini
Zakariyya' al-Qazwini (full name: Abū Yaḥyā Zakariyyāʾ ibn Muḥammad ibn Maḥmūd al-Qazwīnī, Arabic: أبو يحيى زكرياء بن محمد بن محمود القزويني), also known as Qazvini (Persian: قزوینی), (born c. 1203 in Qazvin, Iran, and died 1283), was a professor, jurist, cosmographer and geographer.

Qazwini’s most famous work is his cosmography titled ʿAjāʾib al-makhlūqāt wa-gharāʾib al-mawjūdāt or Wonders of the Creation and Unique [phenomena] of the Existence. This treatise, frequently illustrated, was immensely popular and has been preserved today in many copies. Al-Qazwini was also well known for his geographical dictionary Āthār al-bilād wa-akhbār al-ʿibād or Monuments of the Lands and Historical Traditions about Their Peoples. Both of these treatises reflect extensive knowledge in a wide range of disciplines.
Waverley Magazine
The Waverley Magazine and Literary Repository (1850–1908) , also known as Waverley Magazine and Illustrated Waverley Magazine, was a periodical for women in the United States. It included stories, poetry, and music. It was published in Boston.

Moses Arnold Dow (May 20, 1810–1886) was its founder, editor, and publisher. Dow was a native of Littleton. He worked at Sylvester T. Goss' printing business.

He founded and equipped Dow Academy in Franconia, New Hampshire. He built a monument to his father and mother, Joseph Emerson Dow and Abigail Arnold Dow, at a Franconia cemetery. He wrote about his experiences with spiritualism.

Waverley Magazine was billed as the largest paper in the world and was a weekly. State senator and public official Gen. Moses Dow was his grandfather.

His daughter Mary Elizabeth Dow married George Robert White Scott. She wrote a book about her husband.

Franconia, New Hampshire
Franconia is a town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 1,083 at the 2020 census. Set in the White Mountains, Franconia is home to the northern half of Franconia Notch State Park. Parts of the White Mountain National Forest are in the eastern and southern portions of the town. The Appalachian Trail crosses the town.
Intelligent Network
The Intelligent Network (IN) is the standard network architecture specified in the ITU-T Q.1200 series recommendations. It is intended for fixed as well as mobile telecom networks. It allows operators to differentiate themselves by providing value-added services in addition to the standard telecom services such as PSTN, ISDN on fixed networks, and GSM services on mobile phones or other mobile devices.

The intelligence is provided by network nodes on the service layer, distinct from the switching layer of the core network, as opposed to solutions based on intelligence in the core switches or equipment. The IN nodes are typically owned by telecommunications service providers such as a telephone company or mobile phone operator.

IN is supported by the Signaling System #7 (SS7) protocol between network switching centers and other network nodes owned by network operators.

ITU-T
The International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is one of the three Sectors (branches) of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). It is responsible for coordinating standards for telecommunications and Information Communication Technology, such as X.509 for cybersecurity, Y.3172 and Y.3173 for machine learning, and H.264/MPEG-4 AVC for video compression, between its Member States, Private Sector Members, and Academia Members.

The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), the sector's governing conference, convenes every four years.

ITU-T has a permanent secretariat called the Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB), which is based at the ITU headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. The current director of the TSB is Seizo Onoe (of Japan), whose 4-year term commenced on 1 January 2023. Seizo Onoe succeeded Chaesub Lee of South Korea, who was director from 1 January 2015 until 31 December 2022.
Arabsat-1B
Arabsat-1B was a Saudi Arabian communications satellite which was operated by Arabsat. It was used to provide communication services to the Arab States. It was constructed by Aérospatiale, based on the Spacebus 100 satellite bus, and carried two NATO E/F-band (IEEE S band) and twenty five NATO G/H-Band (IEEE C band) transponders. At launch, it had a mass of 1,270 kilograms (2,800 lb), and an expected operational lifespan of seven years.

Satellite bus
A satellite bus (or spacecraft bus) is the main body and structural component of a satellite or spacecraft, in which the payload and all scientific instruments are held.

Bus-derived satellites are less customized than specially-produced satellites, but have specific equipment added to meet customer requirements, for example with specialized sensors or transponders, in order to achieve a specific mission.

They are commonly used for geosynchronous satellites, particularly communications satellites, but are most commonly used in spacecraft which occupy low Earth orbit missions.
Hibiscus bifurcatus
Hibiscus bifurcatus, also known as the fork-bracted rose-mallow, is a species of tropical hibiscus native to parts of Central and South America, including Mexico, Peru, and Brazil. The species is typically found in open woodlands, forest margins, and coastal regions, where it benefits from the warm, humid conditions characteristic of these environments. These natural habitats provide the plant with an adequate supply of sunlight, moderate moisture, and well-draining soil, conditions that are crucial for its survival. The plant grows primarily at altitudes ranging from sea level to approximately 1,500 m (4,900 ft). In these Regions, the temperature is relatively stable, with daily high temperatures between 24 and 30 °C (75 and 86 °F) and low temperatures rarely dipping below 18 °C (64 °F). The species is adapted to environments that experience distinct wet and dry seasons, though it prefers conditions with consistent moisture availability throughout the year.

Woodland edge
A woodland edge or forest edge is the transition zone (ecotone) from an area of woodland or forest to fields or other open spaces. Certain species of plants and animals are adapted to the forest edge, and these species are often more familiar to humans than species only found deeper within forests. A classic example of a forest edge species is the white-tailed deer in North America.
Matsushima-class cruiser
The Matsushima class (松島型防護巡洋艦, Matsushima-gata bōgojun'yōkan) was a class of protected cruisers of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN), with three ships named after the three most famous scenic spots in Japan (nicknamed Sankeikan (三景艦, 'three-views ships')). The Matsushima class was a highly unorthodox design among cruisers of the 1890s, as each ship had a primary armament of a single massive 320 millimetres (13 in) Canet gun, resulting in a monitor-like appearance.

Société Nouvelle des Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée
The Société Nouvelle des Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée (FCM) was a French shipbuilding company. The Société des Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée was founded in 1853 by Philip Taylor and subsequently incorporated in 1856 in the newly established joint stock company Société Nouvelle des Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée founded by Armand Béhic. It eventually had shipyards in La Seyne-sur-Mer, near Toulon, and in Graville, now part of Le Havre. After going into insolvency in 1966, the company was absorbed into the Constructions industrielles de la Méditerranée.

The company also produced tanks before World War II, most notably FCM 2C and FCM 36.
Constructivism in science education
Constructivism has been considered as a dominant paradigm, or research programme, in the field of science education since the 1980s. The term constructivism is widely used in many fields, and not always with quite the same intention. This entry offers an account of how constructivism is most commonly understood in science education.

Paradigm
In science and philosophy, a paradigm (/ˈpærədaɪm/ PARR-ə-dyme) is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, including theories, research methods, postulates, and standards for what constitute legitimate contributions to a field. The word paradigm is Greek in origin, meaning "pattern". It is closely related to the discussion of theory-ladenness in the philosophy of science.
Nimbahera railway station
Nimbahera railway station is a railway station in Chittaurgarh district, Rajasthan. Its code is NBH. It serves Nimbahera town. The station consists of a single platform. Passenger, Express, and Superfast trains halt here.

Nimbahera
Nimbahera is a town and a municipality in Chittorgarh district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is located around 32 km from Chittorgarh city, 350 km (220 mi) south-west of the state capital, Jaipur.
Nimbahera is connected through both rail and road; it lies on the railway line connecting Ajmer to Ratlam.

Nimbaheda has significant population of Mewati community.

The Dusshera fair of Nimbahera is a 10-day fair which is organized during Navratras according to the Hindu calendar every year in Nimbahera. It is the second-largest fair of Rajasthan after Kota's. Many people come to this cultural fair, which is organized by the local municipality.
Volkswagen R
Volkswagen R is the brand used by the German auto manufacturer Volkswagen to indicate a sport or high performance model. An "R" badge is placed on the grille, front fenders and trunk of R-model vehicles to indicate the vehicle's trim level.

The R-marque is used on certain performance models alongside "GT" model designations, such as the GTI, GLI, GTE and GTD. These vehicles are also sold as "sport models" but are less performance-oriented when compared to vehicles such as the Golf R.

The 2022 Volkswagen Touareg R-Line was renamed to R-Style.

Sports car
A sports car is a type of automobile that is designed with an emphasis on dynamic performance, such as handling, acceleration, top speed, the thrill of driving, and racing capability. Sports cars originated in Europe in the early 1910s and are currently produced by many manufacturers around the world.
Valérie Lambert
Valérie Lambert (born 29 September 1988) is a Canadian former short track speed skater. In the 2010–11 World Cup season, she achieved an individual podium which was 3rd place in the 500 m race. She also achieved four relay podiums at the World Cup. She is a two-time Universiade medallist.

Short-track speed skating
Short-track speed skating is a form of competitive ice speed skating. In competitions, multiple skaters (typically between four and six) skate on an oval ice track with a length of 111.12 metres (364.57 ft). The rink itself is 60 metres (196.85 ft) long by 30 metres (98.43 ft) wide, which is the same size as an Olympic-sized figure skating rink and an international-sized ice hockey rink. Related sports include long-track speed skating and inline speed skating.
Arrone
Arrone is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Terni in the Italian region Umbria, located about 70 km southeast of Perugia and about 10 km east of Terni in the Valnerina. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Province of Terni
The province of Terni (Italian: provincia di Terni) is the smaller of the two provinces in the region of Umbria in Italy, comprising one-third of both the area and population of the region. Its capital is the city of Terni. The province came into being in 1927, when it was carved out of the original unitary province of Umbria.

It has an area of 2,127.18 km2 and a population of 215,423 as of 2025. The only towns with a population over 10,000 are Terni, Orvieto, Narni and Amelia.
Tek Bahadur Chokhyal
Tek Bahadur Chokhal (Nepali: टेकबहादुर चोख्याल) is a Nepalese politician and a leader of Nepali Congress. He was elected to the Pratinidhi Sabha in the 1999 election on behalf of the Nepali Congress. He joined the Nepali Congress (Democratic) during the split in the party.

Chokhal was the NC candidate in the Kailali-6 constituency for the 2008 Constituent Assembly election.

Chokhal was the law minister in a cabinet led by Sher Bahadur Deuba in 2002. He was elected as Member of House of Representatives twice. He also became a whip and a chief whip of NC parliamentary party.

Nepali Congress leader, and former minister, Tek Bahadur Chokhal died in Kathmandu on 13 November 2009. Chokhal's death was attributed to excessive bleeding from his nose, although he had previously reported problems with both his lungs and liver.

He is survived by his wife, two sons and a daughter.

2008 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election
Constituent Assembly elections were held in Nepal on 10 April 2008, having been postponed from earlier dates of 7 June 2007 and 22 November 2007. The Constituent Assembly was planned to draft a new constitution and therefore decide, amongst other things, on the issue of federalism. The number of eligible voters was around 17.5 million. The Constituent Assembly was originally set to have a term of two years.

The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) (CPN (M)), placed first in the election with 220 out of 575 elected seats, and became the largest party in the Constituent Assembly. It was followed by the Nepali Congress with 110 seats and the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) with 103 seats. After months of power-sharing discussions and deliberations, CPN (M) Chairman Prachanda was elected as Prime Minister in August 2008. Due to its failure in drafting a new constitution, the CA was dissolved on 28 May 2012 after its original and extended total tenure of 4 years.
Pegot Waring
Pegot Wolf Waring (1908–1983) was an American sculptor, known especially for her work with direct carving.

Born in Dallas, Waring attended Washington University in St. Louis before marrying an attorney from Chicago; later she traveled to Cranbrook Educational Community to work with Carl Milles.  In 1936 she moved to California with her daughter, and in 1939 she showed work at the World's Fair. It was around this time that she became acquainted with Bruno Adriani, who introduced her to the world of pre-Columbian art. In 1945 his book Pegot Waring: Stone Sculptures was published by the Nierendorf Gallery. In 1950 Waring became the first woman to be granted a one-person show at the Pasadena Art Institute; nevertheless, as a carver of animals and other figures she found herself increasingly at odds with Abstract Expressionism later in her career. Waring is represented in the collection of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art as well as in numerous private collections.

Norton Simon Museum
The Norton Simon Museum is an art museum located in Pasadena, California, United States. It was previously known as the Pasadena Art Institute and the Pasadena Art Museum and displays numerous sculptures on its grounds.

The Norton Simon collections include European paintings, sculptures, and tapestries; Asian sculptures, paintings, and woodblock prints. Outside sculptures surround the museum, with notable Rodin sculptures near its entrance and other sculptures along Colorado Boulevard and in a landscape setting around a large pond. The museum contains the Norton Simon Theater which shows film programs daily, and hosts lectures, symposia, and dance and musical performances year-round. The museum is located on Colorado Boulevard along the route of the Tournament of Roses's Rose Parade, where its distinctive, brown tile exterior can be seen in the background of television broadcasts.
Carol Corbu
Carol Corbu (born 8 February 1946) is a retired Romanian athlete who mostly competed in the triple jump. In this event he won the 1973 European Indoor Championships as well as two medals at the European Championships outdoor.

His personal best jump was 17.12 metres, achieved in June 1971 in Turin. This ranks him third among Romanian triple jumpers, only behind Marian Oprea and Bedros Bedrosian.

At the 1972 Olympics Corbu competed both in the long jump and triple jump.

European Athletics Championships
The European Athletics Championships is a biennial (from 2010) athletics event organised by the European Athletic Association and is recognised as the elite continental outdoor athletics championships for Europe.
USS Fidelity (AM-443)
USS Fidelity (AM-443/MSO-443) was an Agile-class minesweeper. Laid down on 15 December 1952 at Higgins Inc., New Orleans, Louisiana; launched on 21 August 1953; commissioned on 19 January 1955; redesignated as an Ocean Minesweeper, MSO-443, 7 February 1955.

Agile-class minesweeper
The Agile-class minesweepers are a class of US-built ocean-going minesweepers. 58 ships were built for the United States Navy, 35 ships were built for the allied NATO navies of Belgium, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway and Portugal. Thirteen ships were later transferred to Belgium, Spain, Taiwan, the Philippines and Uruguay.

There is some confusion on how to name this class. The class is often described as the Aggressive class, as USS Aggressive (MSO-422) was the first ship to be commissioned. Sometimes four ships are a Dash-class subclass, although all ships are of the same design.