hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sierpiński carpet
The Sierpiński carpet is a plane fractal first described by Wacław Sierpiński in 1916. The carpet is a generalization of the Cantor set to two dimensions; another such generalization is the Cantor dust.

The technique of subdividing a shape into smaller copies of itself, removing one or more copies, and continuing recursively can be extended to other shapes. For instance, subdividing an equilateral triangle into four equilateral triangles, removing the middle triangle, and recursing leads to the Sierpiński triangle. In three dimensions, a similar construction based on cubes is known as the Menger sponge.

Lebesgue measure
In measure theory, a branch of mathematics, the Lebesgue measure, named after French mathematician Henri Lebesgue, is the standard way of assigning a measure to subsets of higher dimensional Euclidean n-spaces. For lower dimensions , it coincides with the standard measure of length, area, or volume. In general, it is also called n-dimensional volume, n-volume, hypervolume, or simply volume. It is used throughout real analysis, in particular to define Lebesgue integration. Sets that can be assigned a Lebesgue measure are called Lebesgue-measurable; the measure of the Lebesgue-measurable set  is here denoted by .

Henri Lebesgue described this measure in the year 1901 which, a year after, was followed up by his description of the Lebesgue integral. Both were published as part of his dissertation Intégrale, Longueur, Aire in 1902.
Mesmerise (song)
"Mesmerise" is a single by English Shoegazing band Chapterhouse released in 1991. It appeared in the charts for 2 weeks, entering and peaking at 60. A non-album single, it was included on the band's compilation album The Best of Chapterhouse.

Robert Smith of The Cure cited the song as an influence on their 1992 album, Wish. "For every album we do, I assemble a bunch of songs that have something that I'm trying to capture. For Wish, I would listen to "Mesmerise" by Chapterhouse for its feeling of abandon and "Human" by The Human League. You couldn't spot anything sonically or structurally that would influence anything we did, but there's an indefinable something that I'm trying to capture. One night I must have played "Mesmerise" 20 times, drinking and turning it louder and louder, putting myself into a trance" Smith said in 1993.

Robert Smith (musician)
Robert James Smith (born 21 April 1959) is an English musician who is the co-founder, lead vocalist, guitarist, primary songwriter, and only continuous member of the Cure, a post-punk band formed in 1976. His guitar-playing style (including his use of the Fender Bass VI), distinctive singing voice, and fashion sense (often sporting a pale complexion, smeared red lipstick, black eye-liner, unkempt wiry black hair, and all-black clothes) were highly influential on the goth subculture that rose to prominence in the 1980s.

Smith's other work includes playing the lead guitar as a member of Siouxsie and the Banshees from 1982 to 1984 and being the co-founder of the short-lived band the Glove in 1983. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Cure in 2019, and Rolling Stone magazine ranked him as the 157th greatest singer of all time in 2023.
Richard S. Kline
Richard S. Kline (March 24, 1940 – March 21, 2020) was an American television producer and director whose most notable work was in game shows. He directed and produced programs for Barry & Enright Productions until 1984, after which he formed his own production company, Kline & Friends.

Television director
A television director is in charge of the activities involved in making a television program or section of a program. They are generally responsible for decisions about the editorial content and creative style of a program, and ensuring the producer's vision is delivered. Their duties may include selecting cast members, conduct rehearsals, work with set designers, location scouts and art directors, originating program ideas, finding contributors, writing scripts, planning 'shoots', ensuring safety, leading the crew on location, directing contributors and presenters, and working with editors and music supervisors to assemble and make sure the final product meets the producer and director's vision. The work of a television director can vary widely depending on the nature of the program, the practices of the production company, whether the program content is factual or drama, and whether it is live or recorded.
Mick Granger
Michael Granger (7 October 1931 – 6 November 2016) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper in the Football League for York City, Hull City and Halifax Town and in non-League football for Cliftonville and Scarborough. Despite playing only four times for Halifax, he is the only goalkeeper to score for the club in open play, having done so after being moved outfield after breaking his finger in a FA Cup match against Workington in November 1963. He died from complications of Alzheimer's disease at a nursing home in York in 2016.

Workington A.F.C.
Workington Association Football Club is an English football club based in Workington, Cumbria, England. The club competes in the Northern Premier League Premier Division, the seventh tier of English football.

The club plays its home matches at Borough Park, which has a capacity of 3,101. The club is often referred to as Workington Reds (red being its home colour) to distinguish it from Rugby League club Workington Town. Its traditional rivals are Carlisle United and Barrow.
Althea (song)
"Althea" is a song by the Grateful Dead, with lyrics written by Robert Hunter and music by Jerry Garcia. It first appeared as the third track on the band's 1980 studio album Go to Heaven. Along with "Alabama Getaway", it is one of only two Garcia–Hunter compositions on the album.

The song was first performed live on August 4, 1979, at the Oakland Civic Auditorium in Oakland, California. "Althea" would hold a steady place in the band's repertoire, being played consistently from its debut to the band's final days in 1995, with its final performance occurring at the band's penultimate show on July 8, 1995, at Soldier Field in Chicago, Illinois.

When performed in concert, the song almost exclusively appeared in the first set. It was performed over 270 times by the Grateful Dead. "Althea" has been performed by several Grateful Dead offshoots, including Dead & Company, RatDog, and Phil Lesh and Friends.

Go to Heaven
Go to Heaven is the eleventh studio album (sixteenth overall) by rock band the Grateful Dead, released April 28, 1980, by Arista Records. It is the band's first album with keyboardist Brent Mydland. Go to Heaven was both the third Grateful Dead studio album in a row to use an outside producer, this time Gary Lyons, and the last studio album for over seven years.
Tımıtıq
Tımıtıq (Tatar: Тымытык, romanized: Tımıtıq) is a rural locality (a selo) in Aznaqay District, Tatarstan. The population was 1472 as of 2010.
Tımıtıq is located 23 km from Aznaqay, district's administrative centre, and 328 km from Ԛazan, republic's capital, by road.
The village was established in 18th century.
There are 26 streets in the village.

Aznakayevo
Aznakayevo (Russian: Азнака́ево; Tatar: Азнакай) is a town in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located on the Styarlya River (left tributary of the Ik), 376 kilometers (234 mi) southeast from Kazan. Population:  34,853 (2010 census); 35,412 (2002 census); 32,171 (1989 Soviet census).
Summary statistics
In descriptive statistics, summary statistics are used to summarize a set of observations, in order to communicate the largest amount of information as simply as possible. Statisticians commonly try to describe the observations in

a measure of location, or central tendency, such as the arithmetic mean

a measure of statistical dispersion like the standard mean absolute deviation

a measure of the shape of the distribution like skewness or kurtosis

if more than one variable is measured, a measure of statistical dependence such as a correlation coefficient

A common collection of order statistics used as summary statistics are the five-number summary, sometimes extended to a seven-number summary, and the associated box plot.

Entries in an analysis of variance table can also be regarded as summary statistics.: 378

Analysis of variance
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a family of statistical methods used to compare the means of two or more groups by analyzing variance. Specifically, ANOVA compares the amount of variation between the group means to the amount of variation within each group. If the between-group variation is substantially larger than the within-group variation, it suggests that the group means are likely different. This comparison is done using an F-test. The underlying principle of ANOVA is based on the law of total variance, which states that the total variance in a dataset can be broken down into components attributable to different sources. In the case of ANOVA, these sources are the variation between groups and the variation within groups.

ANOVA was developed by the statistician Ronald Fisher. In its simplest form, it provides a statistical test of whether two or more population means are equal, and therefore generalizes the t-test beyond two means.
Tolomato
Tolomato can refer to:

Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de Tolomato, also called Mission Tolomato, a Spanish Christian mission in Georgia, in Spanish Florida, in the colonial era.

Tolomato Cemetery, a cemetery established in the Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de Tolomato.

Tolomato River, part of the Intracoastal Waterway in Florida.

Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve

Tolomato Cemetery
Tolomato Cemetery (Spanish: Cementerio de Tolomato) is a Catholic cemetery located on Cordova Street in St. Augustine, Florida. The cemetery was the former site of "Tolomato", a village of Guale Indian converts to Christianity and the Franciscan friars who ministered to them. The site of the village and Franciscan mission is noted on a 1737 map of St. Augustine. A cemetery for the inhabitants of the village was also located on the grounds, with a portion of this cemetery set aside for former American black slaves, who had converted to Catholicism after escaping bondage in the Carolinas.

The location of Tolomato was just outside the city across from the Rosario Line, a defensive line constructed in the First Spanish Period, which consisted of an earthen embankment planted with cactus and Yucca gloriosa, also known as Spanish daggers.
HMS Nith
Two ships have borne the name HMS Nith.

HMS Nith (1905) was a River-class destroyer launched in 1905 and broken up in 1919.

HMS Nith (K215) was a River-class frigate launched in 1942. She was sold to Egypt in 1948 and renamed Domiat. She was sunk in 1956.

HMS Nith (1905)
HMS Nith was a White Type River Class Destroyer ordered by the Royal Navy under the 1903–1904 Naval Estimates.  Named after the River Nith in southern Scotland, on the West Coast, she was the first ship to carry this name in the Royal Navy.
G381/382 Beijing–Harbin through train
The G381/382 Beijing–Harbin through train (Chinese: G381/382次北京南到哈尔滨西高速动车组列车) is a Chinese railway running between the capital Beijing to Harbin, capital of Heilongjiang express passenger trains by the Beijing Railway Bureau, Harbin passenger segment responsible for passenger transport task, Harbin originating on the Beijing train. CRH380BG Type Passenger trains running along the Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway, Tianjin–Qinhuangdao High-Speed Railway, Qinhuangdao–Shenyang High-Speed Railway and Harbin–Dalian High-Speed Railway across Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, Beijing and other provinces and cities, the entire 1335 km. Beijing South railway station to Harbin West railway station running 7 hours and 8 minutes, use trips for G381; Harbin West railway station to Beijing South railway station to run 7 hours and 6 minutes, use trips for G382.

Qinhuangdao–Shenyang passenger railway
Qinhuangdao–Shenyang passenger railway or Qinshen railway (simplified Chinese: 秦沈客运专线; traditional Chinese: 秦瀋客運專線; pinyin: Qínshěn Kèyùn Zhuānxiàn) is a passenger-dedicated high-speed railway between Qinhuangdao, Hebei province and Shenyang, Liaoning province of China, spanning a distance of 404 km (251 mi). Construction started on August 16, 1999. Formally opened on October 12, 2003, it is the first newly built high-speed railway in China, costing CN¥15.7 billion (US$1.9 billion). It is an electrified dual-track railway designed for a top speed of 200 km/h (120 mph). By 2007 its top speed was increased to 250 km/h (160 mph). In 2002, high-speed train China Star achieved a top speed of 321 km/h (199 mph) on Qinshen railway, setting a record for Chinese train speed. Currently, most of the passenger trains between Qinhuangdao to Shenyang are diverted to this railway from Shenshan railway.
Badbury Rings
Badbury Rings is an Iron Age hill fort and Scheduled Monument in east Dorset, England. It was in the territory of the Durotriges. In the Roman era a temple was located immediately west of the fort, and there was a Romano-British town known as Vindocladia a short distance to the south-west.

Antonine Itinerary
The Antonine Itinerary (Latin: Itinerarium Antonini Augusti, "Itinerary of the Emperor Antoninus") is an itinerarium, a register of the stations and distances along various roads. Seemingly based on official documents, possibly in part from a survey carried out under Augustus, it describes the roads of the Roman Empire. Owing to the scarcity of other extant records of this type, it is a valuable historical record.
Bishop of Cork and Ross
The Bishop of Cork and Ross is an episcopal title which takes its name after the city of Cork and the County Cork town of Rosscarbery in the Republic of Ireland. The combined title was first used by the Church of Ireland from 1638 to 1660 and again from 1679 to 1835. At present the title is being used by the Roman Catholic Church.

Rosscarbery
Rosscarbery (Irish: Ros Ó gCairbre, meaning 'Cairbre's wood') is a village and census town in County Cork, Ireland. The village is on a shallow estuary, which opens onto Rosscarbery Bay. Rosscarbery is in the Cork South-West (Dáil Éireann) constituency, which has three seats.
The Silver Pigs
The Silver Pigs is a 1989 historical mystery crime novel by English author Lindsey Davis and the first book in the Marcus Didius Falco Mysteries series. Set in Rome and Britannia during AD 70, just after the year of the four emperors, the novel stars Marcus Didius Falco, informer and imperial agent. The book's title refers to 200-pound lead ingot "pigs" filled with silver ore and stolen from Roman Britain, which feature prominently in the plot.

Ingot
An ingot is a piece of relatively pure material, usually metal, that is cast into a shape suitable for further processing. In steelmaking, it is the first step among semi-finished casting products. Ingots usually require a second procedure of shaping, such as cold/hot working, cutting, or milling to produce a useful final product. Non-metallic and semiconductor materials prepared in bulk form may also be referred to as ingots, particularly when cast by mold based methods. Precious metal ingots can be used as currency (with or without being processed into other shapes), or as a currency reserve, as with gold bars.
Lutzia cretica
Lutzia cretica is a species of herbaceous plant endemic to the Aegean Islands of Greece. It is the only species in the genus Lutzia, which belongs to the cabbage family Brassicaceae.

Prior to a 2015 reappraisal based on molecular phylogenetic data, the plant was most commonly included in the genus Alyssoides as Alyssoides cretica.

Lutzia cretica grows into a characteristic spherical bush. Its leaves are greyish-white and tomentose (covered in soft dense hairs). It produces large yellow flowers between February and April, and the fruits can remain on the plant until June.

It grows in the crevices of limestone cliffs and ravines, from sea level up to 400 m (1,300 ft), less frequently as high as 800 m (2,600 ft). It is found on the islands of Crete (mostly the central and eastern parts and on some small offshore islets), Kasos, Karpathos, and Astypalaia.

Karpathos
Karpathos (Greek: Κάρπαθος, pronounced [ˈkarpaθos]), also Carpathos, is the second largest of the Greek Dodecanese islands, in the southeastern Aegean Sea. Together with the neighboring smaller Saria Island it forms the municipality of Karpathos, which is part of the regional unit Karpathos-Kasos. Because of its remote location, Karpathos has preserved many peculiarities of dress, customs and dialect, the last resembling those of Crete and Cyprus. The island has also been called Carpathus in Latin and Scàrpanto in Italian.
Hangin
Hangin may be

John Gombojab Hangin (1921–1989), scholar of Mongolian studies

An alternative spelling of Hanjin, South Korean company

Hangin', 1982 album by Chic

Hangin' (Bastille song), 2015 pop song by Bastille

John Gombojab Hangin
John Gombojab Hangin (May 10, 1921 – October 9, 1989) was a Chahar Mongol scholar of Mongolian studies. He authored several Mongolian dictionaries and textbooks and is credited by The New York Times with helping to establish recognition for the Mongolian People's Republic from the United Nations and the United States.
Cryon, New South Wales
Cryon is a parish and hamlet in the north-west of New South Wales, Australia. It lies in the Walgett Shire and is situated 622 km (386 mi) from Sydney, 130 km (81 mi) west of Narrabri and 52 km (32 mi) east of Walgett on the Kamilaroi Highway. The settlement sits at an altitude of about 146 metres (479 ft). When the Walgett railway line arrived here in 1905 this was a thriving settlement with a variety of businesses including a hotel and stores. For quite a few years it was the loading point for cattle from South West Queensland that were railed to the Sydney market. The railway now only carries freight (grain).

Only a few buildings remain, together with a wheat silo and several new bunker storages.

The main industry is wheat farming with some livestock raised.

Kamilaroi Highway
Kamilaroi Highway is a 605-kilometre (376 mi) state highway located in the north-western region of New South Wales, Australia, and links Bourke via Walgett and Narrabri to Willow Tree. The highway is named after the Kamilaroi Indigenous Australian people who live in the area.
Alobates pennsylvanica
Alobates pennsylvanica is a species of beetle in the genus Alobates whose common name is false mealworm beetle. The species is black, has a pronotum that is nearly square, and has at least five rows of fine punctures on each elytron. False mealworm beetles live beneath bark and logs and are found throughout the United States. They have a life span of one year. A. pennsylvanica is often misidentified with A. barbatus. The difference between the two is on the mentum of the head ventral. A. barbatus have a tuft of long yellow setae, while A. pennsylvanica does not.

Some aquariums use the larvae as fish food.  Unlike many other tenebrionidae, the larvae are light white and slightly more moisture dependent.

Pensylvanicus is often erroneously spelled as "pennsylvanica", "pensylvanica", or "pennsylvanicus".

Elytron
An elytron (/ˈɛlɪtrɒn/; from Ancient Greek  ἔλυτρον (élutron) 'sheath, cover'; pl.: elytra,  /ˈɛlɪtrə/) is a modified, hardened forewing of beetles (Coleoptera), though a few of the true bugs (Hemiptera) such as the family Schizopteridae are extremely similar; in true bugs, the forewings are called hemelytra (sometimes alternatively spelled as "hemielytra"), and in most species only the basal half is thickened while the apex is membranous, but when they are entirely thickened the condition is referred to as "coleopteroid". An elytron is sometimes also referred to as a shard.
2000 Missouri Attorney General election
The 2000 Missouri Attorney General election was held on November 7, 2000, in order to elect the attorney general of Missouri. Democratic nominee and incumbent attorney general Jay Nixon defeated Republican nominee Sam Jones and Libertarian nominee Mitchell J. Moore.

Missouri Attorney General
The Office of the Missouri Attorney General was created in 1806 when Missouri was part of the Louisiana Territory. Missouri's first Constitution in 1820 provided for an appointed attorney general, but since the 1865 Constitution, the Attorney General has been elected. As of September 2025 there have been 45 attorneys general in Missouri.

By law, the attorney general is a member of the Board of Fund Commissioners, the Board of Public Buildings, the Governor's Committee on Interstate Cooperation, the Missouri Highway Reciprocity Commission and the Missouri Housing Development Commission.

Offices of the Attorney General are located throughout the state of Missouri with the main office being in the Supreme Court building in Jefferson City.
Lee Hup Wei
Lee Hup Wei (Chinese: 李合偉; born 5 May 1987 in Kajang) is a Malaysian high jumper and Royal Malaysia Navy officer. At the 2019 World Championships held in Doha, Qatar, Lee became the first ever Malaysian track and field athlete to reach the final, where he classified 8th.

Kajang
Kajang is a town in the Hulu Langat District of Selangor, Malaysia, southeast of Kuala Lumpur. Kajang, along with much of the Hulu Langat District, is governed by the Kajang Municipal Council. Kajang town is located on the eastern banks of the Langat River. It is surrounded by Cheras, Semenyih, Bangi, Putrajaya and Seri Kembangan (Serdang).

According to the 2020 census, the local authority area (which includes Kajang, Cheras, Balakong, Bangi, Semenyih and Pekan Hulu Langat) has a population of 1.05 million people, making it the second largest city in Malaysia.
Robert Draper (cricketer)
Robert William Draper (20 January 1903 – 29 August 1987) played first-class cricket for Somerset in three matches, two in the 1925 season and one in 1929. He was born at Calcutta, India and died at Cowie's Hill, Durban, South Africa.

Draper was a left-arm medium pace bowler and a tail-end batsman. He opened the Somerset bowling in each of his three matches for the team, and took three wickets in an innings in both of his matches in the 1925 season; however, both Cambridge University and Essex scored more than 400 in the innings where Draper took wickets. His single game in 1929, against Northamptonshire, was not a success: he failed to take a wicket or score a run.

Draper's record as a batsman was negligible: he scored 20 runs in four innings. It is not clear whether he batted right- or left-handed. His obituary in Wisden Cricketers' Almanack in 1988 says left-handed; his Cricketarchive profile says right.

Cowies Hill
Cowie's Hill is a small upmarket residential suburb of Pinetown in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Its eponymous hill is a major feature in the Comrades Marathon which is held between Durban and Pietermaritzburg every year.

Cowie's Hill was originally established as farm land and was inhabited by the mayor of Pinetown and his family due to its position overlooking Pinetown. It is situated approximately 15 km off the coast line.

Cowie's Hill was the site of a farm known as Buffelskop (Buffalo Head) owned by William Cowie in the latter part of the 19th century.