hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Orientifold
In theoretical physics orientifold is a generalization of the notion of orbifold, proposed by Augusto Sagnotti in 1987. The novelty is that in the case of string theory the non-trivial element(s) of the orbifold group includes the reversal of the orientation of the string. Orientifolding therefore produces unoriented strings—strings that carry no "arrow" and whose two opposite orientations are equivalent. Type I string theory is the simplest example of such a theory and can be obtained by orientifolding type IIB string theory.

In mathematical terms, given a smooth manifold , two discrete, freely acting, groups  and  and the worldsheet parity operator  (such that ) an orientifold is expressed as the quotient space . If  is empty, then the quotient space is an orbifold. If  is not empty, then it is an orientifold.

Physics Reports
Physics Reports is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, a review section of Physics Letters that has been published by Elsevier since 1971. The journal publishes long and deep reviews on all aspects of physics. In average, the length of these reports is the same of a short book. These reports aim to make their main points intelligible to non-specialists. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 25.6, as reported in the official website of the Journal.
Law College Durgapur
Law College Durgapur is a private Law college in Durgapur, West Bengal. This  is one of the first and oldest self-financed Law College affiliated to the University of Burdwan. The college is currently affiliated to Kazi Nazrul University.  This college is also approved by the Bar Council of India.

Bar Council of India
Bar Council of India (BCI) is a statutory body established under section 4 of the Advocates Act 1961 that regulates the legal practice and legal education in India. Its members are elected from amongst the lawyers in India and represent the Indian bar. It prescribes standards of professional conduct, etiquettes and exercises disciplinary jurisdiction over the bar. It also sets standards for legal education and grants recognition to universities whose law degrees will qualify students to enrol themselves as advocates upon graduation.
Bedford Creek Bridge
Bedford Creek Bridge is a historic stone arch bridge located at Hounsfield in Jefferson County, New York. It was constructed in 1825 and spans the Bedford Creek.  It is a vernacular, semi-circular stone arch bridge, with a span of 18 feet, 6 inches, and measuring 24 feet long and 21 feet wide.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Jefferson County, New York
Jefferson County is a county on the northern border of the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 116,721. Its county seat is Watertown. The county is named after Thomas Jefferson, third President of the United States of America. It is adjacent to Lake Ontario, southeast from the Canada–US border of Ontario. The county is part of the North Country region of the state.

Jefferson County comprises the Watertown-Fort Drum, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area.  The popularity of the area as a summer tourist destination results in a dramatic increase of population during that season.

In 2014, it elected Colleen M. O'Neill as the first woman county sheriff in the state. She had served with the New York State Police for 32 years.

The United States Army's 10th Mountain Division is based at Fort Drum. The base had a total population of nearly 13,000 according to the 2010 census.
Tim Johansson
Tim Johansson is a Paralympic athlete from Sweden competing mainly in category T51 wheel chair racing events.

Johansson has competed in four Paralympics, winning medals in three of them.  His first games were in 1992 where despite competing in 5 events ranging from the 100m up to 5000m he was unable to win a medal.  He followed this up with a silver and 2 bronzes in his next games in Atlanta in 1996 in the 400m, 1500m and marathon respectively as well as competing in the 1500m.  At the 2000 Summer Paralympics he competed in the 200m, 400m, 800m and 1500m winning a bronze in the 800m.  His fourth and final games came in 2004 where he won a silver medal in the 200m as well as competing in the marathon.

1992 Summer Paralympics
The 1992 Summer Paralympics (Spanish: Juegos Paralímpicos de Verano de 1992; Catalan: Jocs Paralímpics d'estiu de 1992) were the ninth Paralympic Games to be held. They were held in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. In addition, the 1992 Paralympic Games for Persons with mental handicap were held immediately after the regular Paralympics in the Spanish capital, Madrid.
Erich Loewenhardt
Oberleutnant Erich Loewenhardt (7 April 1897 – 10 August 1918) was a German soldier and military aviator who fought in the First World War and became a fighter ace credited with 54 confirmed aerial victories. Originally enlisting in an infantry regiment even though he was only 17, he fought in the Battle of Tannenberg, winning a battlefield commission on 2 October 1914. He would serve in the Carpathians and on the Italian Front before being medically discharged in mid-1915. Following a five month recuperation, Loewenhardt joined the Imperial German Air Service in 1916. After serving as an aerial observer and reconnaissance pilot, he underwent advanced training to become a fighter pilot with Jagdstaffel 10 in March 1917. Between 24 March 1917 and 10 August 1918, Loewenhardt shot down 45 enemy airplanes, as well as destroying nine observation balloons. Shortly after his final victory, he was killed in a collision with another German pilot.

Albatros Flugzeugwerke
Albatros Flugzeugwerke GmbH was a German aircraft manufacturer best known for supplying the German Luftstreitkräfte during World War I.

The company was based in Johannisthal, Berlin, where it was founded by Walter Huth and Otto Wiener on 20 December 1909. The company (and its subsidiary, Ostdeutsche Albatros Werke (OAW)) produced many capable fighter aircraft, notably the Albatros D.III and Albatros D.V, both designed by Robert Thelen. Albatros merged into Focke-Wulf in 1931.
Jean Patry
Jean Mathias Gérard Patry (born 27 December 1996) is a French professional volleyball player who plays as an opposite spiker for Galatasaray and the France national team. Patry won a gold medal in the men's tournament at the Olympic Games Tokyo 2020.

Volleyball at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's tournament in volleyball at the 2020 Summer Olympics  was the 15th edition of the event at the Summer Olympics, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB, in conjunction with the IOC. It was held in Tokyo, Japan from 24 July to 7 August 2021. It was originally scheduled to take place from 25 July to 8 August 2020, but due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the IOC and the Tokyo 2020 Organising Committee announced on 24 March 2020 that the 2020 Summer Olympics would be delayed to 2021. Because of this pandemic, all matches were played behind closed doors.

France won their first gold and overall medal with a 3–2 win over the Russian team that competed as the ROC. Argentina won the bronze medal in a narrow 3–2 victory over Brazil.

The medals for the competition were presented by Bernard Rajzman, IOC Member, Olympian, and Silver Medalist, Brazil; and the medalists' bouquets were presented by Ary Graça, FIVB President; Brazil.
We Ran
We Ran is a 1998 rock album by American singer Linda Ronstadt. The disc featured back-up from three members of Tom Petty and The Heartbreakers. It spent two weeks on the Billboard albums chart, peaking at #160.

This disc was taken out of print in 2009.

On this album, Ronstadt interprets a mixture of rock material by various songwriters, including Bruce Springsteen, John Hiatt, and Bob Dylan.

John Hiatt
John Robert Hiatt (born August 20, 1952) is an American singer-songwriter. He has played a variety of musical styles on his albums, including new wave, blues, and country. Hiatt has been nominated for nine Grammy Awards and has been awarded a variety of other distinctions in the music industry.

Hiatt was working as a songwriter for Tree International, a record label in Nashville, Tennessee, when his song "Sure As I'm Sittin' Here" was covered by Three Dog Night. The song became a Top 40 hit, earning Hiatt a recording contract with Epic Records. Since then he has released 22 studio albums, two compilation albums and one live album.
A Drink Before the War
A Drink Before the War is a crime novel by American writer Dennis Lehane,  published in 1994. It was his debut novel. It is the first book in a series focusing on Boston-based private investigators Patrick Kenzie and Angela Gennaro.

Private investigator
A private investigator (often abbreviated to PI; also known as a private detective, an inquiry agent or informally a private eye) is a person who can be hired by individuals or groups to undertake investigatory law services. Private investigators often work for attorneys to problem solve in civil and criminal cases.
Historical Armenian population
Accurate or reliable data for historical populations of Armenians is scarce, but scholars and institutions have proposed estimates for different periods.

For most recent data on Armenian populations, see Armenian population by country.

Malachia Ormanian
Malachia Ormanian (Armenian: Մաղաքիա Օրմանեան, romanized: Maghak’ia Ormanean; 11 February 1841 – 19 November 1918) was the Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople from 1896 to 1908. He was also a theologian, historian, and philologist.
MIMETAS
Mimetas is a privately owned biotechnology company developing human organ-on-a-chip tissue models and products for drug development. The company also is involved in the testing of chemicals along with food and personalized medicine applications. The company is based in Oegstgeest and Enschede, The Netherlands, with subsidiairies in Gaithersburg (MD), United States, and Tokyo, Japan. Mimetas was founded in 2011 by Paul Vulto, Jos Joore, Bas Trietsch and Thomas Hankemeier. The company is co-led by Joore and Vulto as CEOs.

Enschede
Enschede (Dutch: [ˈɛnsxədeː] ⓘ; local Twents: Eanske [ˈɛːnskə]) is a city and municipality in the province of Overijssel and the Twente region of the eastern Netherlands. The east of the urban area reaches the border of the German city of Gronau.

Enschede began as a small settlement in the Middle Ages and was granted city rights in 1325. It grew as a regional centre for trade and agriculture before becoming a major hub of the textile industry in the 18th and 19th centuries. Until 1935, the municipality of Enschede consisted only of the city of Enschede, when the rural municipality of Lonneker, which surrounded the city, was annexed after the rapid industrial expansion of Enschede that began in the 1860s and involved the building of railways and the digging of the Twentekanaal.

Enschede is home to the football club FC Twente, a one-time Dutch champion; the University of Twente; Saxion University of Applied Sciences and the last Polaroid film factory.
Richardton meteorite
The Richardton meteorite is a 90 kilograms (200 lb) H5 Ordinary chondrite that was seen to fall at 21:48 on 30 June 1918 between Mott, North Dakota and Richardton, North Dakota, United States.

Pieces were found in a strewn field of about 9 miles (14 km) by 5 miles (8.0 km) centred on 46°37′30″N 102°16′17″W﻿ / ﻿46.62500°N 102.27139°W﻿ / 46.62500; -102.27139 and oriented north–south. As of December 2012 pieces of this meteorite were for sale online at up to US$80/g.

In 1960 John Reynolds discovered that the Richardton meteorite had an excess of 129Xe, a result of the presence of 129I in the solar nebula.

Ordinary chondrite
The ordinary chondrites (sometimes called the O chondrites) are a class of stony chondritic meteorites. They are by far the most numerous group, comprising 87% of all finds. Hence, they have been dubbed "ordinary". The ordinary chondrites are thought to have originated from three parent asteroids, with the fragments making up the H chondrite, L chondrite and LL chondrite groups respectively.
Allan Gurganus
Allan Gurganus is an American novelist, short story writer, and essayist whose work, which includes Oldest Living Confederate Widow Tells All and Local Souls, is often influenced by and set in his native North Carolina.

Michael Silverblatt
Michael Philip Silverblatt (August 6, 1952 – February 14, 2026) was an American literary critic and broadcaster who hosted Bookworm, a nationally syndicated radio program focusing on books and literature, from 1989 to 2022. He recorded over 1,600 interviews with authors and other literary figures, including Toni Morrison, Salman Rushdie, Joan Didion, Susan Sontag, David Foster Wallace, William H. Gass, W. G. Sebald, and John Ashbery.

Bookworm was broadcast by Los Angeles public radio station KCRW.
James A. Lowell
James A. Lowell (April 21, 1849 – April 10, 1900) was a merchant and politician in Niagara Falls, Ontario. He was elected by acclamation from the riding of Welland to the House of Commons of Canada in an 1892 by-election as a Liberal and served a single term until his defeat in the 1896 federal election by Conservative William McCleary.

Note: popular vote is compared to redsult in 1891 general election.

Niagara South (federal electoral district)
Niagara South (French: Niagara-Sud; formerly Niagara Centre) is a federal electoral district in the Niagara Region of Ontario that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1988 and since 1997.

Under the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution the riding was renamed.
Downtown Grand Forks
Downtown Grand Forks is the original commercial center of Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States. Located on the western bank of the Red River of the North, the downtown neighborhood is situated near the fork of the Red River and the Red Lake River. While downtown is no longer the dominant commercial area of the Greater Grand Forks community, it remains the historic center of Grand Forks.  An 80.4-acre (32.5 ha) portion was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005, as Downtown Grand Forks Historic District.  Today, downtown Grand Forks is home to many offices, stores, restaurants, and bars.

Greater Grand Forks
The Greater Grand Forks (officially the Grand Forks, ND-MN Metropolitan statistical area), as defined by the Census Bureau as comprising all of Grand Forks County in North Dakota and Polk County in Minnesota, anchored by the twin cities of Grand Forks, North Dakota and East Grand Forks, Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 104,362 and was estimated to be 104,184 in 2024.

The metropolitan area is also sometimes called The Forks.  Several years ago, local promoters attempted to "brand" the metropolitan area as The Grand Cities. This name has not found widespread use in the area, although several buildings and organizations now bear the "Grand Cities" title. Occasionally, the city of Grand Forks uses the nickname "The Sunflake City."
N1000
N1000, N-1000, N.1000, N 1000 may represent:

Keikyu N1000 series, a train type in Japan

Nagoya Municipal Subway N1000 series, a train type in Japan

PSP-N1000 PlayStation Portable, see PSP Go

N1000, a series in the Compaq Evo product line

N1000, a 1 MW two-bladed wind turbine produced by Nordic Windpower

Compaq Evo
The Compaq Evo is a series of business PCs (desktop and laptop) and thin clients made by Compaq and then Hewlett-Packard following the 2002 merger. The Evo brand was introduced by Compaq in May 2001 as a business-oriented brand. Considered as Compaq's final flagship family prior to the 2002 merger, it replaced the Deskpro brand of desktops, the Armada brand of notebooks and the Professional Workstation line of workstations. It also replaced the HP OmniBook line of notebooks, the HP Vectra line of desktops and the HP Kayak brand of workstations following the 2002 merger, and in 2003, Evo was discontinued and rebranded as HP Compaq which was used until 2008 for laptops and 2012 for desktops and workstations. It is not to be confused with the later Intel Evo branding for performant laptops.
Maria Renata Saenger von Mossau
Maria Renata Singer or Saenger von Mossau (1680 – June 1749) was a Bavarian nun executed for heresy, witchcraft, apostasy and satanism, one of the last people executed for these charges in Germany and Europe.

Bavarians
Bavarians are an  ethnographic group of Germans native to Bavaria, a state in Germany. The group's dialect or language is known as Bavarian, native to Altbayern ("Old Bavaria"), roughly the territory of the historic Electorate of Bavaria in the 17th century.

Like the neighboring Austrians, Bavarians are traditionally Catholic. In much of Altbayern, membership in the Catholic Church remains above 70%,
and the center-right Christian Social Union in Bavaria (successor of the Bavarian People's Party of 1919–1933) has traditionally been the strongest party in the Landtag, and also the party of all minister-presidents of Bavaria since 1946, with the single exception of Wilhelm Hoegner, 1954–1957.
Illueca
Illueca is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 3,396 inhabitants.

Antipope Benedict XIII was born and later buried here.

Province of Zaragoza
Zaragoza (Spanish pronunciation: [θaɾaˈɣoθa]), also called Saragossa in English, is a province of northern Spain, in the central part of the autonomous community of Aragon. Its capital is the city of Zaragoza, which is also the capital of the autonomous community. Other towns in the province include La Almunia de Doña Godina, Borja, Calatayud, Caspe, Ejea de los Caballeros, Tarazona, and Utebo.

Its area is 17,274 km², which makes it the fourth-largest Spanish province by land area. Its population was 954,811 in 2018, accounting for slightly over 72% of the entire population of Aragon; nearly 75% of those lived in the capital. Its population density was 51/km². It contains 292 municipalities, of which more than half are villages with fewer than 300 people.

The main language throughout the province is Spanish (with official status), although Catalan is spoken in the easternmost part (Bajo Aragón-Caspe comarca and Mequinenza municipality).
The Heavenly Tenants
The Heavenly Tenants is a 1945 children's fantasy novel written by William Maxwell and illustrated by Ilonka Karasz. When the Marvell family departs for a vacation in Virginia, they leave their Wisconsin farm under the care of Old August. While the family is away, Old August is sick and unable to perform his duty, and the signs of the zodiac descend to take care of the farm. In Virginia, Mr. Marvell notices he cannot see any constellations in the sky. When the family returns home, they notice the farm has been taken care of while they were away, and Mr. Marvell notices the constellations have returned to the sky.

The story earned a Newbery Honor in 1947, coming in fourth in voting. 17 called it a "sensitive, philosophical tale full of little touches which make it live".

Fantasy literature
Fantasy literature is literature set in an imaginary universe, often but not always without any locations, events, or people from the real world. Magic, the supernatural and magical creatures are common in many of these imaginary worlds. Fantasy literature may be directed at both children and adults.

Fantasy is considered a genre of speculative fiction and is distinguished from the genres of science fiction and horror by the absence of scientific or macabre themes, respectively, though these may overlap. Historically, most works of fantasy were in written form, but since the 1960s, a growing segment of the genre has taken the form of fantasy films, fantasy television programs, graphic novels, video games, music and art.

Many fantasy novels originally written for children and adolescents also attract an adult audience. Examples include Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, the Harry Potter series, The Chronicles of Narnia, and The Hobbit.
Suleiman Abdu Kwari
Suleiman Abdu Kwari is a Nigerian politician and public finance management expert, senator for the Kaduna North Senatorial District of Kaduna State Nigeria. He was elected during the February 2019 Nigeria general elections under the platform of the All Progressives Congress (APC). He was the commissioner of Finance Kaduna State (2015-2019) appointed by the Governor of Kaduna State Nasir El-Rufai and was also a member of the House of Representatives for Sabon Gari Local Government constituency of Kaduna State.

House of Representatives (Nigeria)
The House of Representatives (also called Green Chamber) is the lower chamber of Nigeria's bicameral National Assembly. The Senate is the upper chamber.

The Green Chamber has 360 members who are elected in single-member constituencies using the plurality (or first-past-the-post) system, most recently in 2023. Members serve four-year terms. The presiding officer of the house is the Speaker, currently Tajudden Abbas (as of May 2024).
The Canticle of the Sun (Gubaidulina)
The Canticle of the Sun (Sonnengesang) is a composition by Russian composer Sofia Gubaidulina written in 1997 and published by Hans Sikorski, it is based on the "Canticle of the Sun" by Saint Francis of Assisi and is dedicated to Mstislav Rostropovich for his seventieth birthday. Though the piece features a soloist and an ensemble, Gubaidulina did not consider it a cello concerto.

Hans Sikorski
Internationale Musikverlage Hans Sikorski is an international music publishing company in Berlin, formerly headquartered in Hamburg, Germany. As of June 2019, Sikorski is a part of Concord.

The music publishing firm of Hans Sikorski was founded in 1935. Sikorski's repertoire consists of entertainment music as well as contemporary serious music, and the firm has always been committed to new music from many countries.  Publications include chamber music, orchestral music and stage works to musicals and film music.
Cârțișoara
Cârțișoara (also Cârța Românească; German: Oberkerz; Hungarian: Kercisóra) is a commune in Sibiu County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Cârțișoara. Bâlea Lake is located on the territory of Cârțișoara.

The commune is located in the southeastern part of the county, 48 km (30 mi) from the county seat, Sibiu, and 38 km (24 mi) from Făgăraș. Cârțișoara is situated at the western edge of Țara Făgărașului, on the northern side of the Southern Carpathians, at the foot of the Făgăraș Mountains; it lies on the border with Argeș County and near the borders with Vâlcea and Brașov counties. The commune sits on the left bank of the river Cârțișoara, which flows south to north, discharging into the Olt River.

At the 2011 census, Cârțișoara had a population of 1,243 inhabitants, of which 96.3% were ethnic Romanians.

Vâlcea County
Vâlcea County (also spelt Vîlcea; Romanian pronunciation: [ˈvɨlt͡ʃe̯a]) is a county (județ) that lies in south-central Romania. Located in the historical regions of Oltenia and Muntenia (which are separated by the Olt River), it is also part of the wider Wallachia region. Its capital city is Râmnicu Vâlcea.
Fictionist
Fictionist is an American alternative rock band from Provo, Utah, United States, with origins in Salt Lake City and Sacramento. The band consists of Stuart Maxfield (lead vocals, bass guitar), Robbie Connolly (lead vocals, guitar), Brandon Kitterman (guitar, bass guitar), and Aaron Anderson (drums). They have toured nationally and have opened for acts including Imagine Dragons, Vampire Weekend, Neon Trees, Young the Giant, and Shiny Toy Guns.

Young the Giant
Young the Giant is an American rock band that formed in Irvine, California, in 2004. The band's line-up consists of Sameer Gadhia (lead vocals), Jacob Tilley (guitar), Eric Cannata (guitar), Payam Doostzadeh (bass guitar), and Francois Comtois (drums). Formerly known as the Jakes, Young the Giant was signed by Roadrunner Records in 2009, and they released their eponymous debut album in 2010. The band's first three singles, "My Body", "Cough Syrup", and "Apartment", all charted on the US Alternative Songs chart.