hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cyclospasm
Cyclospasm is the contraction or spasm of the ciliary muscle in the eye, in the accommodation of focus for near vision.  It can cause pseudomyopia.

Cyclospasm may also exert tensions on the trabecular meshwork, opening the pores and facilitating outflow of the aqueous humour into the canal of Schlemm. The increase in aqueous humour outflow is desirable for patients with glaucoma.

Ciliary muscle
The ciliary muscle is an intrinsic muscle of the eye formed as a ring of smooth muscle in the eye's middle layer, the uvea (vascular layer). It controls accommodation for viewing objects at varying distances and regulates the flow of aqueous humor into Schlemm's canal. It also changes the shape of the lens within the eye but not the size of the pupil which is carried out by the sphincter pupillae muscle and dilator pupillae.

The ciliary muscle, pupillary sphincter muscle and pupillary dilator muscle sometimes are called intrinsic ocular muscles or intraocular muscles.
Kotgiri
Kotagiri is a village in Nizamabad district in the state of Telangana in India.
One of the largest Hanuman statue of Nizamabad is present here. It is an ancient village, having previously been ruled by ruled by the Kakatiya dynasty.

Nizamabad district
Nizamabad district, also known as Induru district, is a district located in the north-western region of the Indian state of Telangana. The city of Nizamabad is the district headquarters. The district share boundaries with Jagtial, Sircilla, Nirmal, Kamareddy districts and with Nanded district of the state boundary of Maharashtra.
Marina Avstriyskaya
Marina Aleksandrovna Avstriyskaya (Russian: Марина Александровна Австрийская; born 21 June 1967) is a Russian former pair skater who competed for the Soviet Union. With Yuri Kvashnin, she won gold at the 1982 and 1983 World Junior Championships and competed at the 1984 Winter Olympics, placing ninth.

She is the mother of Russian figure skater Alexandra Avstriyskaya, born on 30 October 2000.

Figure skating at the 1984 Winter Olympics
Figure skating at the 1984 Winter Olympics took place at the Zetra Olympic Hall in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia. Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean won gold in ice dance for Great Britain, receiving twelve perfect scores (6.0), (a maximum nine of them for artistic impression, the others in the technical merit mark) in the free dance segment of the ice dance competition, a feat that was never matched. They received the most maximum 6.0 marks of any figure skaters at the Olympics.
Swimming at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 metre freestyle
The men's 200 metre freestyle event at the 1968 Olympic Games took place on 24 October at the Alberca Olímpica Francisco Márquez. It was the third time the event was held, returning for the first time since 1904 (when the distance was measured in yards). There were 57 competitors from 26 nations, with each nation having up to three swimmers. The event was won by Michael Wenden of Australia, the nation's second victory in the event (68 years, but only two Games, apart); Australia extended its podium streak in the event to three Games over 68 years. It was Wenden's second gold medal of the Games, completing a 100/200 free double. Americans Don Schollander and John Nelson took silver and bronze, respectively (with the United States podium streak thereby being two Games over 64 years).

Alberca Olímpica Francisco Márquez
The Alberca Olímpica Francisco Márquez is an indoor swimming pool Olympic facility located in Mexico City, Mexico. It has a capacity of 4,300.

It hosted the 1968 Summer Olympics for competitions of swimming, diving, water polo, and the swimming part of modern pentathlon. The only Mexican gold medal in Olympic swimming competitions was won at this site. It was won by Felipe Muñoz in the 200 metres men breast stroke competition.

It also hosted the 2017 World Para Swimming Championships.
Glenullin
Glenullin was previously a rural area but has now expanded to become a small village in a valley between the villages of Garvagh, Swatragh and Dungiven, and lies in the borough of Coleraine, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. The nearest city is Derry which is 27 miles away. 'The Glen', as it is often known, is not an officially recognised administrative division but there is a strong local identity and an active community sector. Although the area has few amenities, the local Primary school, St Patrick's & St Joseph's Federated Primary School, and St Joseph's Catholic Church have particular prominence in the life of Glenullin.

Dungiven
Dungiven (from Irish Dún Geimhin, meaning 'Gevin's fort') is a small town, townland and civil parish in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It is near the main A6 Belfast to Derry road, which bypasses the town. It lies where the rivers Roe, Owenreagh and Owenbeg meet at the foot of the 1,525 ft (465 m) Benbradagh. Nearby is the Glenshane Pass, where the road rises to over 1,000 ft (300 m). It had a population of 3,346 people in the 2021 census. It is within Causeway Coast and Glens district council area.
Armenian Paralympic Committee
The Armenian National Paralympic Committee (Armenian: Հայաստանի ազգային պարալիմպիկ կոմիտե, romanized: Hayastani Azgayin Paralimpik Komite), is the National Paralympic Committee and regulating body of paralympic sports in Armenia. The headquarters of the organization is located in Yerevan.

Paralympic sports
The Paralympic sports comprise all the sports contested in the Summer and Winter Paralympic Games. As of 2020, the Summer Paralympics included 22 sports and 539 medal events, and the Winter Paralympics include 5 sports and disciplines and about 80 events. The number and kinds of events may change from one Paralympic Games to another.

The Paralympic Games are a major international multi-sport event for athletes with physical disabilities or intellectual impairments. This includes athletes with mobility disabilities, amputations, blindness, and cerebral palsy. Paralympic sports refers to organized competitive sporting activities as part of the global Paralympic movement. These sports are organized and run under the supervision of the International Paralympic Committee and other international sports federations.
2012 FIA WTCC Race of Hungary
The 2012 FIA WTCC Race of Hungary was the fifth round of the 2012 World Touring Car Championship season and the second running of the FIA WTCC Race of Hungary. It was held on 6 May 2012 at the Hungaroring in Mogyoród near Budapest, Hungary. The first race was won by Yvan Muller for Chevrolet and the second race was won by Norbert Michelisz for Zengő Motorsport.

Mogyoród
Mogyoród is a village in Pest County, Hungary. The Battle of Mogyoród took place here on 14 March 1074, between Solomon, King of Hungary and his cousins Géza and Ladislaus, who were claiming rights to the throne. To commemorate the victory, László Benchmarks were installed, establishing a monastery on Klastrom mountain. Among the sights of the village is the Roman Catholic church, built between 1745 and 1749, the statue of St John of Nepomuk, carved from stone, and the Baroque parish built by the Bishop of Vác. The Hungaroring race track is located in the town, home to the Hungarian Grand Prix.
Lucinda A. McDade
Dr. Lucinda A. McDade (born 3 December 1953) is an American botanist and plant collector who is noted for her study of Acanthaceae and her work in conservation biology.  She received her B.S. in Biology from Newcomb College of Tulane University, and her Ph.D. in Botany/Zoology from Duke University.

She has been president of the American Society of Plant Taxonomists and Association of Tropical Biology. In 2019 she was awarded the Asa Gray Award by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists.

She has described at least sixteen species, and has gathered around 600 specimens, many from Central and South America. The standard author abbreviation McDade  is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

Conservation biology
Conservation biology is the study of the conservation of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management.

The conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology.
Vadims Fjodorovs
Vadims Fjodorovs (born 14 March 1977 in Daugavpils) is a Latvian former football goalkeeper, currently a goalkeeping coach for Daugava Daugavpils in the Latvian Higher League.

He played for FC Dinaburg, but after the club's elimination from Virsliga in 2009, he became an unrestricted free agent and joined FC Daugava. In 2001, while playing for FC Dinaburg, Fjodorovs was voted Latvia's Goalkeeper of the Year.

He has also played for FC Tyumen in the Russian Second Division, FK Rēzekne and Lokomotiv Daugavpils.

Dinaburg FC
Dinaburg FC was a Latvian football club, playing in the city of Daugavpils. In 2009 it merged with FK Daugava. The club played at the Daugava Stadium (capacity 4,070). On October 5, 2009, Dinaburg was expelled from the Virsliga and both the president and trainer were banned for life on suspicion of betting and match-fixing.
Liechtenstein Palace (Kampa Island, Prague)
The Lichtenštejnský palác on Kampa Island is one of two palaces in Prague that formerly belonged to the Princely Family of Liechtenstein.

The Kampa Island palace has occasionally hosted events, but it is the more centrally located "Lichtenštejnský palác",  the Liechtenstein Palace on the Malostranské náměstí, now a music conservatory, which is better known as a concert venue.

House of Liechtenstein
The House of Liechtenstein (German: Haus Liechtenstein), from which the principality takes its name, is the family which reigns by hereditary right over the principality of Liechtenstein. Only dynastic members of the family are eligible to inherit the throne. The dynasty's membership, rights and responsibilities are defined by a law of the family, which is enforced by the reigning prince and may be altered by vote among the family's dynasts, but which may not be altered by the Government or Parliament of Liechtenstein.
Lort cha
Lort cha (Khmer: លតឆា) is a Cambodian Chinese street food dish made by stir-frying silver needle noodles (លត, lort) with garlic, bean sprouts and scallions or chives, as well as Chinese greens or cabbage, beef, chicken or pork, in a mixture of palm sugar, fish sauce and dark soy sauce and served with a fried egg. In 2022, BBC named it as one of the 50 best street foods in Asia.

Palm sugar
Palm sugar is a sweetener derived from any variety of palm tree. Palm sugar may be qualified by the type of palm, as in coconut palm sugar. While sugars from different palms may have slightly different compositions, all are processed similarly and can be used interchangeably.
Pożdżenice
Pożdżenice [pɔʐd͡ʐɛˈnit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zelów, within Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south-west of Zelów, 16 km (10 mi) north-west of Bełchatów, and 42 km (26 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Bełchatów
Bełchatów ([bɛu̯ˈxatuf] ⓘ) is a city in central Poland, with a population of 55,583, as of December 2021. It is located in Łódź Voivodeship, 160 kilometres (99 miles) southwest of Warsaw.

The Elektrownia Bełchatów, located in Bełchatów, is the largest coal fueled power plant in Europe and the fifth largest in the world. It produces 27–28 TWh of electricity per year, or 20% of the total power generation in Poland. 8,000 people work directly for the company that runs the coal mine and electricity plants.

The city is also known for the successful volleyball club Skra Bełchatów and local krówki (traditional Polish candy).
Ethel Morgan Smith
Ethel Morgan Smith born April 11, 1952 Louisville, Alabama is an American author and associate professor. She first received recognition when her essay Come and Be Black for Me was published in 1997. Ethel Morgan Smith is not a radical; she tries to mediate between black and white as in her contribution to the article in The New York Times shows: Robert Byrd, Living History. Her essay in The New York Times entitled Mother documents her hard life being a young black girl, and the circumstances she was born into.
Her book Reflections of the Other: Being Black in Germany was a finalist in the Next Generation Indie Book Awards 2014. Smith is a member of The Wintergreen Women Writers Collective.

Louisville, Alabama
Louisville (/ˈluːɪsvɪl/; ; formerly Lewisville and still pronounced as such) is a town in Barbour County, Alabama, United States. Founded in 1817 in former Creek territory, it holds the distinctive honor of having served as county seat for two different Alabama counties - Pike County (1821) and later Barbour County (1832–1834). Known historically as "Little Scotland" due to its Scotch-Irish settlers.

The population was 395 as of the 2020 census.
Rei Okamoto
Rei Okamoto (岡本玲, Okamoto Rei; born June 18, 1991, in Wakayama, Wakayama) is a Japanese model and actress who stars as Mia Amagishi in Threads of Destiny. She also appears in the NHK Asadora Jun and Ai (2012).

Wakayama (city)
Wakayama (和歌山市, Wakayama-shi; pronounced [wakaꜜjama]) is the capital city of Wakayama Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan.  As of 1 December 2021, the city had an estimated population of 351,391 in 157,066 households and a population density of 1700 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 208.84 square kilometres (80.63 sq mi).
William King (GSI)
William King FGS (1834? - 1900) was the son of the English-born geologist William King who also became a geologist and worked in India with the Geological Survey of India, serving as its director from 1887 to 1894.

King studied civil engineering at Queen's College, Galway and at Queen's University before joining the Geological Survey of India on 4 March 1857. His first work was in southern India with H.F.Blanford. He then worked in central India and surveyed western Chota Nagpur and took over the position of director at Calcutta, succeeding Medlicott in 1887. He was given six extensions from the normal age of retirement at 54 thus retiring at the age of 60 on 16 July 1894 after 37 years of service. He was succeeded by Carl Griesbach as director as the next senior officer T.W.H. Hughes was injured, losing his eyesight and being forced to retire.

Geological Survey of India
The Geological Survey of India (GSI) is a scientific agency under the purview of the Ministry of Mines of the Government of India. Established in 1851, it was the second survey agency to be established in British India after the Survey of India (founded in 1767). It conducts geological survey to collect data and is the primary provider of geological information to various government departments, agencies, and public.
Harry Marker
Harry Marker (October 7, 1899 – October 18, 1990) was an American Oscar-nominated film editor, who also worked in the television medium. Over the course of his 45-year career, he worked on more than 100 films and television shows. In 1946 he was nominated for an Oscar for Best Film Editing for The Bells of St. Mary's.

The Bells of St. Mary's
The Bells of St. Mary's is a 1945 American comedy-drama film produced and directed by Leo McCarey and starring Bing Crosby and Ingrid Bergman. Written by Dudley Nichols and based on a story by McCarey, the film is about a priest and a nun who, despite their good-natured rivalry, try to save their parochial school from being shut down. The character Father O'Malley had been previously portrayed by Crosby in the 1944 film Going My Way, for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor. The film was produced by Leo McCarey's production company, Rainbow Productions.
Reginald Cholmondeley
Reginald Cholmondeley JP DL (20 April 1826 – 10 February 1896) of Condover Hall, Shropshire, was an English landowner, artist and collector. He was a Justice of the Peace and Deputy Lieutenant of Shropshire and held the rank of Major, 1st battalion 28th Shropshire Rifle Volunteers. The Condover estate passed to him on the death of his brother, Thomas, in 1864.

Antonis Mor
Anthonis Mor, also known as Anthonis Mor van Dashorst and Antonio Moro (c. 1517 – 1577), was a Netherlandish portrait painter, much in demand by the courts of Europe. He has also been referred to as Antoon, Anthonius, Anthonis or Mor van Dashorst, and as António Mouro, Anthony More, etc., but signed most of his portraits as Anthonis Mor.

Mor developed a formal style for court portraits, largely based on Titian, that was extremely influential on court painters across Europe, especially in the Iberian Peninsula, where it created a tradition that led to Diego Velázquez. His works can include considerable psychological penetration, especially in portraits of men, but always gives the subject a grand and self-possessed air.
Skoura Ahl El Oust
Skoura Ahl El Oust is a commune in the Ouarzazate Province of the Souss-Massa-Drâa administrative region of Morocco. It contains the main town of Skoura. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 22880 people living in 3445 households.

2004 Moroccan census
The 2004 Moroccan census, formally the General Population and Housing Census for the year 2004, was held in Morocco in 2004, conducted by the High Planning Commission. The previous census was taken in 1994.
Jaisingh Maravi
Jaisingh Maravi is an Indian politician from Madhya Pradesh. He is a four time elected Member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly from 2008, 2013, and 2023, representing Gurgaon Assembly constituency and from 2018 representing Jaisingnagar Assembly constituency as a Member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
Elections to the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly were held on 28 November 2018 to elect members of the 230 constituencies in Madhya Pradesh. The election was a direct political battle between the BJP and the INC. One of the main centers of attraction was the contest between Congress heavy-weight Arun Yadav and the then Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan. While the Shivraj Singh Chouhan government vied to win for a consecutive 4th term, the INC fought for winning the state after 2003. The election led to a hung assembly, with the INC emerging as the single largest party with 114 seats and the BJP winning the popular vote and 109 seats. After the results, Congress and BSP formed the government with Kamal Nath becoming the chief minister.
Manmadhan (film)
Manmadhan (titled onscreen as Maanmathaun)(transl. Cupid) is a 2004 Indian Tamil-language romantic action thriller film directed by A. J. Murugan in his debut. The film stars Silambarasan and Jyothika, with Goundamani, Sindhu Tolani, Atul Kulkarni and Santhanam playing supporting roles. It revolves around a serial killer who targets seemingly immoral women cheating in the name of love.

Manmadhan opened theatrically on 12 November 2004, coinciding with Diwali. It was received favourably and had a blockbuster run at the box office for over 150 days at the time of its release. The film was remade in Kannada as Madana (2006).

Atul Kulkarni
Atul Kulkarni (born 10 September 1965) is an Indian actor, producer and screenwriter who works in Hindi, Marathi, Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil,  Telugu and English language films. Kulkarni won the National Award for the Best Supporting Actor for the films Hey Ram and Chandni Bar. He is also the president of Quest, a research-action organization concentrating on enhancing quality of education. He left his study in engineering at College of Engineering, Pune while he was in his first year. He is known for his performances in films like Hey Ram, Chandni Bar, Rang De Basanti (2006), Natarang (2010) among others. He has also written the screenplay of Laal Singh Chadda,
the official remake of Forrest Gump.
Hollies (1974 album)
Hollies is the 14th UK studio album by the English pop rock group the Hollies, released in 1974, marking the return of Allan Clarke after he had left for a solo career. It features the band's cover of Albert Hammond's ballad "The Air That I Breathe," a major worldwide hit that year. The album has the same title as the band's third album from 1965.

The Air That I Breathe
"The Air That I Breathe" is a song written by the British-Gibraltarian singer-songwriter Albert Hammond and the English songwriter Mike Hazlewood. The ballad was initially recorded by Hammond on his debut album, It Never Rains in Southern California (1972), and then by Phil Everly in 1973.

In early 1974, a version by the Hollies reached number two on the UK singles chart. It was the Hollies' last major hit. The English rock band Radiohead reused the chord progression and melody of "The Air That I Breathe" for their 1992 song "Creep".
Badaruddoza Khan
Badaruddoza Khan is a member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) and has won the 2014 Indian general elections from the Murshidabad (Lok Sabha constituency).

Badaruddoza Khan graduated in science from the University of Calcutta in 1976 and completed B.Ed. in 1979. He served Gudhia High School in Murshidabad district.

He was involved in politics from his younger days. He has been president of the West Bengal state committee of All Bengal Teachers Association (ABTA) since 2012. He was a member of the West Bengal Board of Secondary Education during 2007–2012.

In 2014 general election he contested and won from the Murshidabad constituency with a slim margin of 18,453 votes.
He contested again from Murshidabad for CPI(M) in the 2019 Indian general election but lost to TMC's Abu Taher, receiving only 11.63% votes, hence losing his security deposit.

Murshidabad district
Murshidabad district is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Situated on the left bank of the river Ganges, the district is very fertile. Covering an area of 5,341 km2 (2,062 sq mi) and having a population 7.103 million (according to 2011 census), it is a densely populated district and the ninth most populous in India (out of 640). Berhampore city is the headquarters of the district.

The Murshidabad city, which lends its name to the district, was the seat of power of the Nawabs of Bengal. All of Bengal was once governed from this city. A few years after Nawab Siraj-ud-Daula lost to the British at the Battle of Plassey, the capital of Bengal was moved to the newly founded city of Calcutta, now called Kolkata.
Minerva (1799 ship)
Minerva was built in the Americas in 1791 and taken in prize from the Spanish. She made six voyages from London as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She is last listed in 1813 but with data stale since her last voyage transporting enslaved people in 1807.

Lloyd's List
Lloyd's List is one of the world's oldest continuously running journals, having provided weekly shipping news in London as early as 1734. It was published daily until 2013 (when the final print issue, number 60,850, was published), and is now published digitally.

Also known simply as The List, it was begun by Edward Lloyd, the proprietor of Lloyd's Coffee House, as a source of information for merchants' agents and insurance underwriters who met regularly in his establishment on Lombard Street to negotiate insurance coverage for trading vessels. It continues to provide this information in addition to marine insurance, offshore energy, logistics, market data, research, global trade and law information, and shipping news.
Colizzi
Colizzi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Chiara Colizzi (born 1968), Italian voice actress

Giuseppe Colizzi (1925–1978), Italian film director

Johann Andreas Kauchlitz Colizzi (1742–1808), Dutch musician

Pino Colizzi (1937–2026), Italian actor and voice actor

Vittorio Colizzi (born 1949), Italian virologist

Vittorio Colizzi
Professor Vittorio Colizzi is an Italian virologist and one of the most eminent HIV/AIDS researchers in Europe. He directs the Immunochemical and Molecular Pathology laboratory in the biology department of Tor Vergata University in Rome. With his colleague Luc Montagnier he has participated in many conferences, particularly in Africa, to combat the propagation of HIV.