hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Homotopical algebra
In mathematics, homotopical algebra is a collection of concepts comprising the nonabelian aspects of homological algebra, and possibly the abelian aspects as special cases.  The homotopical nomenclature stems from the fact that a  common approach to such generalizations is via abstract homotopy theory, as in nonabelian algebraic topology, and in particular the theory of closed model categories.

This subject has received much attention in recent years due to new foundational work of Vladimir Voevodsky, Eric Friedlander, Andrei Suslin, and others resulting in the A1 homotopy theory for quasiprojective varieties over a field.  Voevodsky has used this new algebraic homotopy theory to prove the Milnor conjecture (for which he was awarded the Fields Medal) and later, in collaboration with Markus Rost, the full Bloch–Kato conjecture.

Markus Rost
Markus Rost is a German mathematician who works at the intersection of topology and algebra. He was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in 2002 in Beijing, China. He is a professor at the University of Bielefeld.

He is known for his work on norm varieties (a key part in the proof of the Bloch–Kato conjecture) and for the Rost invariant (a cohomological invariant with values in Galois cohomology of degree 3). Together with J.-P. Serre he is one of the cofounders of the theory of cohomological invariants of linear algebraic groups. He has also made numerous contributions to the theory of torsors, quadratic forms, central simple algebras, Jordan algebras (the Rost-Serre invariant), exceptional groups, and essential dimension.

In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.
Hacıhalilarpaç
Hacıhalilarpaç (also called Halilarpaç)  is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Erdemli, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,047 (2022). The village is situated among citrus gardens in the peneplane area to the north of Çukurova (Cilicia) plains. The distance to Erdemli is 17 kilometres (11 mi) and the distance to Mersin is 40 kilometres (25 mi).

The village was founded in 1773. The name of the village refers to the founder of the village Hacı Halil.  According to tradition, three brothers who were barley (Turkish: arpa) producers founded three villages including Arpaçsakarlar, a former village, now included in Greater Mersin and Arpaçbahşiş located 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) southwest of Halilarpaç and Halilarpaç. During Ottoman era, Halilarpaç was a quarter of Elvanlı, a village south of Halilarpaç.  In 1934 Halilarpaç was issued from Elvanlı. Citrus (orange, lemon etc.) is the main product of the village. Tomato is also produced.

Mersin
Mersin (pronounced [ˈmæɾsin]) is a large city and port on the Mediterranean coast of southern Turkey. It is the provincial capital of the Mersin Province (formerly İçel). It is made up of four district governorates, each having its own municipality: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir.

A larger metropolitan region which combines Mersin with Tarsus and Erdemli houses more than 1.7 million inhabitants. Çukurova International Airport (COV) situated 50 kilometres (31 miles) from Mersin city centre, is its closest international airport. There are ferry services from Mersin to Famagusta (Mağusa) in Northern Cyprus. Mersin is linked to Adana via Tarsus by way of TCDD trains.
Shelter Me (Richard Page album)
Shelter Me is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Richard Page, released on October 22, 1996, by Blue Thumb Records. It remained Page's only solo studio album until the release of Peculiar Life (2010), fourteen years later. Page dedicated the album to the memory of his mother, Joyce Horton Page, who died in the same year it was released.

As part of Shelter Me's promotion, a bonus extended play (EP) called Acoustic was also distributed by Blue Note Records.

Blue Thumb Records
Blue Thumb Records was an American record label founded in 1968 by Bob Krasnow and former A&M Records executives Tommy LiPuma and Don Graham. Blue Thumb's last record was released in 1978. In 1995, the label was revived and remained active until 2005.
Prince Aki
Prince Aki (安貴王 Aki-no-ōkimi or Aki-ō; also written 阿貴王 or 阿紀王) (fl. 8th c. CE) was a Japanese imperial prince and waka poet of the Nara period (710–794 CE).

He was the son of Prince Kasuga, and was married to Ki no Oshika no Iratsume. His birth and death dates are unknown, but several dated poems linked with him were included in the Man'yōshū, such as the 733 poem by his son Prince Ichihara praying for the long life of the poet's father, or a poem Aki himself composed in 740 commemorating a journey in which he accompanied Emperor Shōmu to Ise.

Emperor Shōmu
Emperor Shōmu (聖武天皇, Shōmu-tennō; September 22, 701 – June 4, 756) was the 45th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Shōmu's reign spanned the years 724 through 749, during the Nara period.
Friesoythe
Friesoythe, (German pronunciation: [friːˈzɔʏtə] ⓘ or [friːsˈʔɔʏtə]; Low German: Aithe; Saterland Frisian: Ait or Äit) is a town in the district of Cloppenburg, Lower Saxony, Germany, on the river Soeste, 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Cloppenburg, and 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Oldenburg.

Saterland Frisian language
Saterland Frisian, also known as Sater Frisian, Saterfrisian or Saterlandic (Seeltersk [ˈseːltɐsk]), spoken in the Saterland municipality of Lower Saxony in Germany, is the last living dialect of the East Frisian language. It is closely related to the other Frisian languages: North Frisian, spoken in Germany as well, and West Frisian, spoken in the Dutch province of Friesland.
Sally Mae Pettway Mixon
Sally Mae Pettway Mixon (born 1965) is an American artist. She is associated with the Gee's Bend quilting collective, alongside her mother, Candis Pettway, and her sisters Qunnie Pettway and Edwina Pettway.

Her work Blocks and Strips (2003) is in the permanent collection of the National Gallery of Art, where it was featured in the exhibition Called to Create: Black Artists of the American South (September 18, 2022 – March 26, 2023, curated by Harry Cooper). Her work was also featured in the Assembly: New Acquisitions by Contemporary Black Artists exhibit at The Blanton Museum of Art (December 11, 2021 – September 4, 2022).

Quilts of Gee's Bend
The quilts of Gee's Bend are quilts created by a group of women and their ancestors who live or have lived in the isolated African-American hamlet of Gee's Bend, Alabama, along the Alabama River.

The quilting tradition can be dated back to the nineteenth century and endures to this day. The residents of Gee's Bend, Alabama, are direct descendants of the enslaved people who worked the cotton plantation established in 1816 by Joseph Gee.

The quilts of Gee's Bend are among the most important African-American visual and cultural contributions to the history of art within the United States. The women of Gee's Bend have gained international attention and acclaim for their artistry, with exhibitions of Gee's Bend quilts held in museums and galleries across the United States and beyond. This recognition has, in turn, brought increased economic opportunities to the community.
Magnar Lussand
Magnar Lussand (18 July 1945 – 24 September 2019) was a Norwegian school principal and politician for the Centre Party.

He was born in Lussand in Ullensvang Municipality, and after graduating from teachers' college in 1971 he spent six years as a teacher in Kinsarvik. From 1977 he was an inspector and principal in the neighboring Granvin Municipality.

Lussand was a member of the municipal council of Ullensvang Municipality from 1976 to 1977, on the 
municipal council of Granvin Municipality from 1980 to 1991, and on the Hordaland county council from 1984. He served as the mayor of Granvin Municipality. In 1991 Lussand became county mayor (fylkesordfører) of Hordaland. He was succeeded by Gisle Handeland in 1999, who was the first Labour Party representative to hold this position.

He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Hordaland during the term 1997–2001. In total he met during 38 days of parliamentary session. He died in 2019.

Hordaland (Storting constituency)
Hordaland is one of the 19 multi-member constituencies of the Storting, the national legislature of Norway. The constituency was established in 1921 following the introduction of proportional representation for elections to the Storting. The Bergen constituency was merged into the Hordaland constituency in 1973 after the city of Bergen lost its county status in 1972. Hordaland consists of the municipalities of Alver, Askøy, Austevoll, Austrheim, Bergen, Bjørnafjorden, Bømlo, Eidfjord, Etne, Fedje, Fitjar, Kvam, Kvinnherad, Masfjorden, Modalen, Osterøy, Øygarden, Samnanger, Stord, Sveio, Tysnes, Ullensvang, Ulvik, Vaksdal and Voss in the county of Vestland. The constituency currently elects 15 of the 169 members of the Storting using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2025 parliamentary election it had 397,478 registered electors.
Timothée Brodeur
Timothée Brodeur (October 2, 1804 – November 12, 1860) was a notary and political figure in Canada East. He represented Bagot in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1854 to 1858 as a Reformer.

He was born in Varennes, the son of Toussaint Brodeur and Archange Fournier-Préfontaine. He received his commission as a notary in 1826 and practised in Saint-Hugues until 1861. Brodeur also served as postmaster, justice of the peace and commissioner for the summary trial of minor causes. He was an officer in the militia, serving first as captain and later reaching the rank of lieutenant-colonel. In 1853, he married Louise Sénécal. His election in 1854 was overturned on appeal in September but he was elected again in the by-election held the following month. Brodeur did not run for reelection in 1854. He died at Saint-Hugues at the age of 57.

Canada East
Canada East (French: Canada-Est) was the northeastern portion of the Province of Canada. Lord Durham's Report investigating the causes of the Upper and Lower Canada Rebellions recommended merging those two colonies. The new colony, known as the Province of Canada, was created by the Act of Union 1840 passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, having effect in 1841. For administrative purposes, the new Province was subdivided into Canada West and Canada East.  The former name of "Lower Canada" came back into official use in 1849, and as of Canadian Confederation of 1867 it formed the newly created province of Quebec.

An estimated 890,000 people lived in Canada East in 1851.
Hexavalent chromium
Hexavalent chromium (chromium(VI), Cr(VI), chromium 6) is any chemical compound that contains the element chromium in the +6 oxidation state (thus hexavalent).  It has been identified as carcinogenic, which is of concern since approximately 136,000 tonnes (150,000 tons) of hexavalent chromium were produced in 1985. Hexavalent chromium compounds can be carcinogens (IARC Group 1), especially if airborne and inhaled where they can cause lung cancer.

Central Greece (geographic region)
Continental Greece (Greek: Στερεά Ελλάδα, romanized: Stereá Elláda; formerly Χέρσος Ἑλλάς, Chérsos Ellás), colloquially known as Roumeli (Ρούμελη), is a traditional geographic region of Greece. In English, the area is usually called Central Greece, but the equivalent Greek term (Κεντρική Ελλάδα, Kentrikí Elláda) is more rarely used.

It includes the southern part of the Greek mainland (sans the Peloponnese), as well as the offshore island of Euboea. Since 1987, its territory has been divided among the administrative regions of Central Greece and Attica, and the regional unit (former prefecture) of Aetolia-Acarnania in the administrative region of Western Greece.
Money & Muscle
Money & Muscle is the third and final full-length studio album by American hip hop group The Click. It was released on September 25, 2001, through Sick Wid It/Jive Records. Production was handled by Bosko, DJ Fingaz, Rick Rock, Studio Ton, Ant Banks, Bink! and Tone Capone. It features guest appearances from Birdman, Bosko, Levitti and WC. The album peaked at number 99 on the Billboard 200 and number 23 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums in the United States. Along with the single, a music video was released for the song "Say Dat Den".

WC (rapper)
William LaShawn Calhoun Jr. (born February 3, 1970), known professionally as WC (pronounced "dub-c"), is an American rapper and actor. He originally was a rapper of the group Low Profile and later formed his group WC and the Maad Circle, who first succeeded with the single "Ain't A Damn Thang Changed". He later started a solo career and has released four solo albums. He is also well known for being a member of the rap supergroup Westside Connection with fellow West Coast rappers Ice Cube and Mack 10.
2012 Wimbledon Championships – Boys' singles
Filip Peliwo defeated the defending champion Luke Saville in the final, 7–5, 6–4 to win the boys' singles tennis title at the 2012 Wimbledon Championships. He saved five match points in the semifinals against Mitchell Krueger.

Luke Saville
Luke Saville (born 1 February 1994) is an Australian former professional tennis player. He has had success as a doubles player where he reached his highest ranking of World No. 23 on 8 November 2021. Saville reached the final at the 2020 Australian Open, partnering with fellow Australian Max Purcell.

As a junior, Saville enjoyed a successful career in which he won two junior grand slam singles titles at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships and 2012 Australian Open. Saville is also a former junior World No. 1 and an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder. In January 2013, he competed in his first ATP main draw event at the 2013 Australian Open, but has struggled in transitioning from Juniors onto the professional circuit, reaching his highest singles ranking of World No. 152.
Not Quite Human (film series)
The Not Quite Human film series, consists of American family-comedy science fiction films. Made-for-television, the plot of the films center around the creation of a humanoid robot, who becomes a valued family member to its creator, while also learning to navigate the complicated circumstances of the human experience.

The films were met with mixed reception, citing their inferior quality to The Walt Disney Company's other science-fiction comedies (such as Flubber), while acknowledging that the films were created with the studio's attempt at a similar genre for contemporary audiences. Conversely, one critic praised the exploration of human experiences through the lens of science fiction.

Children's film
A children's film, or family film, is a film genre that generally relates to children in the context of home and family. Children's films are made specifically for children and not necessarily for a general audience, while family films are made for a wider appeal with a general audience in mind. Children's films come in several major genres like realism, fantasy, adventure, war, musicals, comedy, and literary adaptations.
905 Derby
The 905 Derby is a soccer rivalry between Canadian Premier League clubs, Forge FC and Inter Toronto FC, both based in Southern Ontario. The rivalry gets the "905" nickname from the 905 area code, which encompasses both Hamilton and York Region. Forge and Inter Toronto were the only Ontario-based teams in the inaugural season of the league and remain the two closest in proximity, with less than 65 kilometres (40 mi) separating their home stadiums.

Regional Municipality of York
The Regional Municipality of York, also called York Region, is a regional municipality in Southern Ontario, Canada, between Lake Simcoe and Toronto. The region was established after the passing of then Bill 102, An Act to Establish The Regional Municipality of York, in 1970. It replaced the former York County in 1971, and is part of the Greater Toronto Area and the inner ring of the Golden Horseshoe. The regional government is headquartered in Newmarket.

As of the 2021 census, York Region's population was 1,173,334, with a growth rate of 5.7% from 2016. The Government of Ontario expects its population to surpass 1.5 million residents by 2031.  The three largest cities in York Region are Markham, Vaughan and Richmond Hill.
United States Air Force Plant 42
United States Air Force Plant 42 (IATA: PMD, ICAO: KPMD, FAA LID: PMD) is a classified aircraft manufacturing plant owned by the United States Air Force in the Antelope Valley, about 60 miles (100 kilometers) from downtown Los Angeles. It is also used by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

Plant 42 shares a runway with Palmdale Regional Airport (PMD).

Northrop Corporation
Northrop Corporation was an American aircraft manufacturer from its formation in 1939 until its 1994 merger with Grumman to form Northrop Grumman. The company is known for its development of the flying wing design, most successfully the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber.
2019–20 Pakistan federal budget
The Federal budget 2019–20 is the federal budget of Pakistan for the fiscal year beginning from 1 July 2019 and ending on 30 June 2020.

It was presented by Revenue Minister Hammad Azhar on 11 June 2019 at the National Assembly with a total outlay of ₨. 7.022 tn.

Orders of magnitude (numbers)
This list contains selected positive numbers in increasing order of magnitude, including counts of things, dimensionless quantities, and probabilities. Each number is given a name in the short scale, which is used in English-speaking countries, as well as a name in the long scale, which is used in some of the countries that do not have English as their national language.
Star Trek: The Ultimate Voyage
Star Trek: The Ultimate Voyage is a multimedia concert experience featuring music and video footage from Star Trek motion pictures, television series, and video games in honor of franchise's 50th anniversary. The initial concert tour from 2015 to 2016 performed in 100 cities in North America and Europe and generally received positive reviews. The concerts series was produced by CineConcerts, a production company specializing in live music experiences performed with visual media.

Star Trek: The Original Series season 2
The second season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek, premiered on NBC on September 15, 1967, and concluded on March 29, 1968. It consisted of twenty-six episodes. It features William Shatner as Captain James T. Kirk, Leonard Nimoy as Spock and DeForest Kelley as Leonard McCoy.
Joannis Avramidis
Joannis Avramidis (Greek: Iωάννης Aβραμίδης; born 23 September 1922, Batumi – 16 January 2016, Vienna) was a contemporary Greek-Austrian painter and sculptor. He was born in Batumi, on the Black Sea, in the Adjarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, an Autonomous Republic of the former Soviet Union (in present-day Georgia), to a family of Pontic Greeks, who had fled the repression of ethnic minorities in the Ottoman Empire in the turmoil leading up to the Greco-Turkish War.

Werner Hofmann (art historian)
Werner Hofmann (8 August 1928 in Vienna – 13 March 2013 in Hamburg) was an Austrian art historian, cultural journalist, writer, curator and museum director, who is "considered by his colleagues as one of the most distinguished European scholars of modern art and its ideology."
Method Studios
Method Studios is a visual effects company launched in 1999 in Los Angeles, California with facilities in New York, Atlanta, Vancouver, San Francisco, Melbourne, Montreal, and Pune. The company provides production and post-production services including conceptual design, look development, on-set supervision, 3D animation/CGI, matte painting, AR/VR, compositing and finishing.

Some commercial and feature projects produced by Method Studios have been recognized by award bodies such as the Visual Effects Society (VES) and Association of Independent Commercial Producers (AICP). Some Method staff have been invited to speak at industry conferences such as SIGGRAPH, NAB, Collider and the VES Production Summit.

SIGGRAPH
SIGGRAPH is an annual conference centered around computer graphics organized by ACM, starting in 1974 in Boulder, CO. The main conference has always been held in North America; SIGGRAPH Asia, a second conference held annually, has been held since 2008 in countries throughout Asia, as well as twice in Australia.
Jonathan D. Gray
Jonathan D. Gray (born February 4, 1970) is an American billionaire businessman who is the president and chief operating officer of Blackstone Group, a New York–based asset management firm. He is also the chairman of Hilton Worldwide.

Hilton Worldwide
Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc. is an American multinational hospitality company that manages and franchises a broad portfolio of hotels, resorts, and timeshare properties. Founded by Conrad Hilton in May 1919, the company is now led by Christopher J. Nassetta. Hilton is headquartered in Tysons, Virginia, United States.

As of December 31, 2023, the company's portfolio includes 7,530 properties (including timeshare properties) with 1,182,937 rooms in 118 countries and territories. Hilton owns or leases 51 properties, manages 800 properties, and franchises out the remainder.
Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
Elizabeth Louise Barrett-Connor (April 8, 1935 – June 10, 2019) was Chief of the Division of Epidemiology and Distinguished Professor at the University of California, San Diego. She investigated the role of hormones in pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and osteoporosis.

Society for Epidemiologic Research
The Society for Epidemiologic Research (abbreviated SER) is a learned society dedicated to epidemiology. It was originally proposed in 1967 by Abraham Lilienfeld, Milton Terris, and Brian MacMahon, and was founded the following year. Their motivation in founding SER was to provide an annual meeting where junior faculty in epidemiology departments and graduate students could present their ongoing research to senior epidemiologists and receive criticism, comments, and encouragement. An additional goal was to promote the exchange of ideas between epidemiologists and statisticians.

Since 1968, SER has grown and its current membership is approximately 2000 individuals. The mission of SER today is "to keep epidemiologists at the vanguard of scientific developments".
Stary Borków
Stary Borków [ˈstarɨ ˈbɔrkuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żelazków, within Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

The village has an approximate population of 390.

Kalisz County
Kalisz County (Polish: powiat kaliski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Kalisz, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only town in Kalisz County is Stawiszyn, which lies 18 km (11 mi) north of Kalisz.

The county covers an area of 1,160.02 square kilometres (447.9 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 80,369, out of which the population of Stawiszyn is 1,554 and the rural population is 78,815.
Western Massachusetts Pioneers
The Western Massachusetts Pioneers were a minor league American football team based in Holyoke, Massachusetts. They played one season in the Atlantic Coast Football League (ACFL) in 1973 and played their home games at MacKenzie Stadium in Holyoke.

Mackenzie Stadium
Mackenzie Stadium is a baseball venue located in Holyoke, Massachusetts.  It was home to the Holyoke Millers and today is used by both the Valley Blue Sox of the New England Collegiate Baseball League (since 2008) and the Elms College Blazers of the Great Northeast Athletic Conference (since 2005).  It was built in 1933 and has a capacity of 4,100 people.

Mackenzie Stadium hosted the 2009 NECBL All-Star Game on July 18, 2009.  The game, attended by an All-Star Game record 4,906 fans, was won by the host West Division 6–5.