hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Midkine
Midkine (MK or MDK), also known as neurite growth-promoting factor 2 (NEGF2), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MDK gene.

Midkine is a basic heparin-binding growth factor of low molecular weight, and forms a family with pleiotrophin (NEGF1, 46% homologous with MK). It is a nonglycosylated protein, composed of two domains held by disulfide bridges. It is a developmentally important retinoic acid-responsive gene product strongly induced during mid-gestation, hence the name midkine. Restricted mainly to certain tissues in the normal adult, it is strongly induced during oncogenesis, inflammation and tissue repair.

MK is pleiotropic, capable of exerting activities such as cell proliferation, cell migration, angiogenesis and fibrinolysis. A molecular complex containing receptor-type tyrosine phosphatase zeta (PTPζ), low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP1), anaplastic leukemia kinase (ALK) and syndecans is considered to be its receptor.

Disulfide
In chemistry, a disulfide (or disulphide in British English) is a compound containing a R−S−S−R′ functional group or the S2−2 anion. In inorganic chemistry, the anion appears in a few rare minerals. Compounds of the form R−S−S−H are usually called persulfides instead.

Disulfide bridges also appear as a common post-translational modification in proteins.
2010 Wales Rally GB
The 2010 Wales Rally GB, was the thirteenth and final round of the 2010 World Rally Championship (WRC) season. The twenty stage gravel rally took place over 11–14 November 2010 and was based in the Welsh capital of Cardiff. The rally was the final event for two-litre World Rally Cars as the 2011 season will see the introduction of 1.6-litre World Rally Cars.

Sébastien Loeb won his eighth event of the season and the 62nd WRC rally of his career after holding off Petter Solberg by under 20 seconds. Jari-Matti Latvala finished third to secure second place in the drivers' championship.

Armindo Araújo finished second – behind Ott Tänak – in the PWRC class to claim his second successive championship, while Xavier Pons claimed the inaugural SWRC championship taking third on the rally behind Andreas Mikkelsen and Craig Breen.

Culture of Wales
The culture of Wales encompasses the Welsh language, customs, festivals, music, art, cuisine, mythology, history, and politics. Wales is primarily represented by the symbol of the red Welsh Dragon, but other national emblems include the leek and the daffodil.

Although sharing many customs with the other nations of the United Kingdom, Wales has its own distinct traditions and culture, and from the late 19th century onwards, Wales acquired its popular image as the "land of song", in part due to the Eisteddfod tradition.
Chevrolet Camaro (third generation)
The third-generation Chevrolet Camaro is an American pony car which was introduced for the 1982 model year by Chevrolet. It continued to use General Motors' F-body platform and produced a "20th Anniversary Commemorative Edition" for 1987 and "25th Anniversary Heritage Edition" for 1992. These were also the first Camaros with factory fuel injection, four-speed automatic transmissions, five-speed manual transmissions, four-cylinder engines, 16-inch wheels, and hatchback bodies. For 1987 a convertible Camaro was reintroduced, converted by ASC in relatively small numbers. The third-generation Camaro continued through the 1992 model year.

Pony car
Pony car is an American car classification for affordable, compact, highly styled coupés or convertibles with a "sporty" or performance-oriented image. Common characteristics include rear-wheel drive, a long hood, a short deck, bucket seats, room for four, a wide range of options to individualize each car and use of mass-produced parts shared with other models. The popularity of pony cars is largely due to the launch of the Ford Mustang in 1964, which created the niche and term.

There is much debate among enthusiasts about the exact definition of a pony car, and what differentiates the vehicle from a muscle car. The general consensus is that pony cars are smaller and more homogeneous in their form than muscle cars. A few intermediate-size vehicles, such as the Dodge Challenger, may be considered to belong to both categories.
Battle of Lircay
The Battle of Lircay was the last battle of the Chilean Civil War of 1829–1830 and ended with the Pipiolos (Liberals) being decisively defeated. Pipiolo leader Ramon Freire was exiled to Peru and the Pipiolos defeated to end the war, beginning a 30-year dominance of the Government of Chile by the Conservatives.

Pipiolos
Pipiolos (Spanish for a young or naive person) was a name used to refer to Chilean upper class liberals in the early 19th century. The name "pipiolo" was originally used by the conservative Pelucones in a derogatory manner by associating the liberals to inexperience. In the Chilean Civil War of 1829 the Pipiolos, led by Ramón Freire, were defeated, which made it so the Pelucones could enforce the Chilean Constitution of 1833, which led to creation of a strong unitarian and authoritarian presidential system held up by upper-class democracy.

During the Revolution of 1851, the Pipiolos made a failed attempt to seize power from conservatives. With the Liberal–Conservative Fusion in 1858, the term "Pipiolo" fell into disuse.
England at the Rugby League World Cup
England have competed seven times in the World Cup; in 1975, 1995, 2000, 2008, 2013, 2017 and 2021. They have never won the competition, though finished runners-up three times to Australia; in 1975, 1995 and 2017. In every other year, Great Britain have represented England.

2008 Rugby League World Cup
The 2008 Rugby League World Cup was the thirteenth World Cup for men’s rugby league national teams. It was held between 26 October and 22 November and was won by New Zealand, who defeated Australia 34–20 in the final in one of the greatest upsets in the sports history.

Originally there was a plan to hold a World Cup in Australia in 2004, however the lack of competitiveness at the 2000 World Cup and rise of the Tri-Nations between Australia, New Zealand and Great Britain meant that plans for another World Cup were shelved.

For the World Cup to regain some credibility, the number of teams was reduced to ten with Australia, England, France, Papua New Guinea and New Zealand automatically qualifying and a qualifying tournament to determine the other five teams. The tournament ended a year of celebrations commemorating the centenary of the game in the Southern Hemisphere and was part of the Festival of World Cups.
Copulation (zoology)
In zoology, copulation is animal sexual behavior in which a male introduces sperm into the female's body, especially directly into the female's reproductive tract. This is an aspect of mating. Many aquatic animals use external fertilization, whereas internal fertilization may have developed from a need to maintain gametes in a liquid medium in the Late Ordovician epoch. Internal fertilization with many vertebrates (such as all reptiles, some fish, and most birds) occurs via cloacal copulation, known as cloacal kiss (see also hemipenis), while most mammals copulate vaginally, and many basal vertebrates reproduce sexually with external fertilization.

Hemipenis
A hemipenis (pl.: hemipenes) is one of a pair of intromittent organs of male squamates (snakes and lizards). Hemipenes are usually held inverted within the body, and are everted for reproduction via erectile tissue, much like that in the human penis. They come in a variety of shapes, depending on species, with ornamentation such as spikes.
George Chestnut
George Wallace Chestnut  (September 27, 1911 – September 18, 1983) was an American professional basketball player. He played for the Indianapolis Kautskys for seven seasons; during his tenure, the Kautskys were an independent team, as well as member of the Midwest Basketball Conference, before it became the National Basketball League.  During his professional career, he averaged 6.2 points per game, unfortunately, the records are incomplete.

In college, Chestnut lettered in football, basketball, and baseball for Indiana State University. He served in the United States Army during World War II for approximately 15 months.

Indiana State University
Indiana State University (ISU) is a public university in Terre Haute, Indiana, United States. It was founded in 1865 and offers over 100 undergraduate majors and more than 75 graduate and professional programs. Indiana State is classified among "D/PU: Doctoral/Professional Universities".
Caraballo
Caraballo (Spanish pronunciation: [kaɾaˈβaʝo]) is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alejandra Caraballo (born 1990 or 1991), American civil rights attorney

Edward Caraballo (born c. 1961), American photojournalist

Erwin Caraballo (born 1981), Venezuelan sport wrestler

Francisco Caraballo (born 1983), Venezuelan baseball player

José Caraballo (1930–1992), Puerto Rican painter

Ramon Caraballo (born 1969), Dominican Republic baseball player

Wilfredo Caraballo (born 1947), Puerto Rican politician

Wilfredo Caraballo
Wilfredo Caraballo (born January 1, 1947) is an American Democratic Party politician, who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1996 to 2008. He represented the 29th legislative district. Caraballo also served as the assembly's speaker pro tempore in the 2006–2008 legislative session, he was the parliamentarian from 2002 to 2006 and associate minority leader from 1998 to 2001.
Glaucium
Glaucium (horned poppy) is a genus of about 25 species of annual, biennial or perennial herbaceous flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae, native to Europe, north Africa, and southwest and central Asia. The species commonly occur in saline habitats, including coasts and salt pans.

Soil salinity
Soil salinity is the salt content in the soil; the process of increasing the salt content is known as salinization (also called salination in American English). Salts occur naturally within soils and water. Salinization can be caused by natural processes such as mineral weathering or by the gradual withdrawal of an ocean. It can also come about through artificial processes such as irrigation and road salt.
NGC 6642
NGC 6642 is a globular cluster located 26,700 light-years from Earth, in the constellation Sagittarius. Many "blue stragglers" (stars which seemingly lag behind in their rate of aging) have been spotted in this globular, and it is known to be lacking in low-mass stars.

During the June 2094 lunar eclipse, a total lunar eclipse, it will be occulted by the Moon over New Guinea, Northern Australia and the Pacific Ocean.: 161

Blue straggler
A blue straggler is a type of star that is more luminous and bluer than expected.  Typically identified in a stellar cluster, they have a higher effective temperature than the main sequence turnoff point for the cluster, where ordinary stars begin to evolve towards the red giant branch. Blue stragglers were first discovered by Allan Sandage in 1953 while performing photometry of the stars in the globular cluster M3.
Semantic security
In cryptography, a semantically secure cryptosystem is one where only negligible information about the plaintext can be feasibly extracted from the ciphertext. Specifically, any probabilistic, polynomial-time algorithm (PPTA) that is given the ciphertext of a certain message  (taken from any distribution of messages), and the message's length, cannot determine any partial information on the message with probability non-negligibly higher than all other PPTAs that only have access to the message length (and not the ciphertext). This concept is the computational complexity analogue to Shannon's concept of perfect secrecy. Perfect secrecy means that the ciphertext reveals no information at all about the plaintext, whereas semantic security implies that any information revealed cannot be feasibly extracted.: 378–381

Plaintext
In cryptography, plaintext usually means unencrypted information pending input into cryptographic algorithms, usually encryption algorithms. This usually refers to data that is transmitted or stored unencrypted.
The Essential Collection (Muddy Waters album)
The Essential Collection is a 20-song compilation of the music of Muddy Waters, spanning work from 1950 through to 1972. The album, released in 2000 by Universal Music Group's Spectrum Records, complements much of his original work with many songs that went on to become classics of the British Invasion when used by other artists.

British Invasion
The British Invasion was a cultural phenomenon of the mid-late 1960s, when rock and pop music acts from the United Kingdom and other aspects of British culture became popular in the United States with significant influence on the rising "counterculture" on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. British pop and rock groups such as the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, Bee Gees, Gerry and the Pacemakers, the Who, the Kinks, the Zombies, Small Faces, the Dave Clark Five, the Spencer Davis Group, the Yardbirds, Them, Manfred Mann, the Searchers, Billy J. Kramer and the Dakotas, Freddie and the Dreamers, the Hollies, Herman's Hermits,  Chad and Jeremy, Peter and Gordon, the Animals, the Moody Blues, the Mindbenders, the Troggs, John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers, Cream, Traffic, the Pretty Things, and Procol Harum, as well as solo singers such as Dusty Springfield, Cilla Black, Petula Clark, Tom Jones, Donovan, Shirley Bassey and Marianne Faithfull were at the forefront of the "invasion."
John R. McLean (Canadian politician)
John Robert McLean (January 1, 1906 – October 9, 1964) was a merchant and political figure on Prince Edward Island. He represented 1st Kings in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1940 to 1943, from 1947 to 1951 and from 1959 to 1964 as a Progressive Conservative.

He was born in Souris, Prince Edward Island, the son of Harry Daniel McLean and Annie Mitchell, and the grandson of John McLean. He was educated at the Pictou Academy. In 1936, he married Marjorie Robina McBeath. He worked at a bank for several years before becoming president of the family business. McLean was defeated by Herbert Acorn when he ran for a seat in the provincial assembly in 1939; he was elected to the provincial assembly in a 1940 by-election held following Acorn's death. He was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1943, 1951 and 1955. McLean served as speaker for the assembly from 1959 until his death in office at the Prince Edward Island Hospital in Charlottetown at the age of 58.

1st Kings
1st Kings was a provincial electoral district of Prince Edward Island, Canada, which elected two members to the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1873 to 1993.

The district comprised the easternmost portion of Kings County. It was abolished in 1996.
2015 Toyota Tundra 250
The 2015 Toyota Tundra 250 was the 4th stock car race of the 2015 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, and the 15th iteration of the event. The race was held on Friday, May 8, 2015, in Kansas City, Kansas at Kansas Speedway, a 1.5 mile (2.4 km) permanent tri-oval shaped racetrack. The race took the scheduled 167 laps to complete. In a wild finish that was based on fuel mileage, Matt Crafton, driving for ThorSport Racing, would win the race after the leader of Daniel Suárez ran out of fuel on the last lap. This was Crafton's seventh career NASCAR Camping World Truck Series win, and his second of the season. Erik Jones had dominated the entire race, leading a race-high 151 laps, until he ran out of fuel with eight laps to go. To fill out the podium, Ryan Newman, driving for SWM-NEMCO Motorsports, and Johnny Sauter, driving for ThorSport Racing, would finish 2nd and 3rd, respectively.

Matt Crafton
Matthew Justin Crafton (born June 11, 1976) is an American semi-retired professional stock car racing driver. He competes part-time in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, driving a Ford F-150 for ThorSport Racing. For 25 years, he competed full-time in the Truck Series, driving ThorSport's No. 88 truck for all but one year from 2001 to 2025.

A long-time veteran of the series, Crafton is a three-time champion, winning the championship in 2013, 2014, and 2019. He is regarded as one of the greatest drivers in Truck Series history. With the exception of 2004, Crafton has spent his entire truck series career driving for ThorSport Racing along with longtime sponsor Menards. He holds the record for most consecutive truck series starts with 591. Following the conclusion of the 2025, he stepped down from full-time competition, choosing to instead run a few select races a season going forward.
A Celtic Christmas
Celtic Woman: A Celtic Christmas is an album by the group Celtic Woman, released on 25 November 2011. This album was released exclusively in Germany.

Performers in A Celtic Christmas are vocalists Chloë Agnew, Lisa Kelly, Lisa Lambe, Órla Fallon, Méav Ní Mhaolchatha, Lynn Hilary,  and fiddler Máiréad Nesbitt. Most songs were taken from previous releases (Celtic Woman: A Christmas Celebration and Celtic Woman: Lullaby), and this album is the third Christmas-themed one to be released by the group. New songs in this album include An Angel and There Must Be An Angel, as well as two live recordings from the Helix Theatre, Dublin, Ireland.

Lisa Kelly (singer)
Lisa Kelly (born 7 May 1977) is an Irish singer of both classical and Celtic music and a voice teacher. She has taken part in many musical theatre productions and concerts, and is a founding and former member of the musical group Celtic Woman.
Werder (woreda)
Werder is one of the woredas in the Somali Region of Ethiopia, named after its administrative center, Werder. Part of the Werder Zone, Werder is bordered on the southwest by the Korahe Zone, on the north by Danot, and on the east by Geladin.

Dollo Zone
Dollo (Somali: Doollo) is one of the nine zones in the Somali Region of Ethiopia. It was previously known as Warder/Werder, so named after its largest city, Warder. Dollo is bordered on the southwest by Korahe, on the northwest by Jarar, and on the southeast by Somalia. The Provisional Administrative Line defines the southeast border with Somalia.
Cycle decomposition
In mathematics, the term cycle decomposition can mean:

Cycle decomposition (graph theory), a partitioning of the vertices of a graph into subsets, such that the vertices in each subset lie on a cycle

Cycle decomposition (group theory), a useful convention for expressing a permutation in terms of its constituent cycles

In commutative algebra and linear algebra, cyclic decomposition refers to writing a finitely generated module over a principal ideal domain as the direct sum of cyclic modules and one free module.

Commutative algebra
Commutative algebra, first known as ideal theory, is the branch of algebra that studies commutative rings, their ideals, and modules over such rings. Both algebraic geometry and algebraic number theory build on commutative algebra. Prominent examples of commutative rings include polynomial rings; rings of algebraic integers, including the ordinary integers ; and p-adic integers.

Commutative algebra is the main technical tool of algebraic geometry, and many results and concepts of commutative algebra are strongly related with geometrical concepts.

The study of rings that are not necessarily commutative is known as noncommutative algebra; it includes ring theory, representation theory, and the theory of Banach algebras.
Wilson Bluff (Antarctica)
Wilson Bluff is a large, rather flat-topped rock outcrop at the south end of Lambert Glacier, 16 nautical miles (30 km) west-northwest of Mount Borland. This feature is 5 sq. mi in area and has a tail of moraine extending northeast for several miles. Plotted from air photos taken by ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) in 1956 and visited by an airborne field party led by G.A. Knuckey in October 1958. Named by Antarctic Names Committee of Australia (ANCA) for Flight Lieutenant H.O. Wilson, RAAF, pilot at Mawson Station in 1958.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Wilson Bluff (Antarctica)". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

74°20′S 66°47′E﻿ / ﻿74.333°S 66.783°E﻿ / -74.333; 66.783

Australian Antarctic Names and Medals Committee
The Australian Antarctic Names and Medals Committee (AANMC) was established to advise the Government on names for features in the Australian Antarctic Territory and the subantarctic territory of Heard Island and the McDonald Islands. The committee also issues nominations Governor General for the award of the Australian Antarctic Medal.

Committee members were appointed by the Minister or Parliamentary Secretary responsible for Antarctic matters. The committee was founded in 1952 as the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia,  and changed to the current name in 1982 to reflect the multiple functions that the committee is responsible for. The committee was replaced by the Australian Antarctic Division Place names Committee in 2015.
Chic (horse)
Chic (foaled February 27, 2000) is a chestnut Thoroughbred racehorse. A filly, she is owned and bred by Cheveley Park Stud and was trained by Sir Michael Stoute. Out of the mare Exclusive, winner of the 1998 Group One Coronation Stakes, Chic was sired by Machiavellian, a French champion at age two who was a son of the very influential American sire Mr. Prospector. She is a half-sister to Echelon, the 2007 Matron Stakes winner, and is closely related to Entrepreneur, the 1997 2,000 Guineas winner.

Mr. Prospector
Mr. Prospector (January 28, 1970 – June 1, 1999) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse who became an outstanding breeding stallion and notable sire of sires. A sprinter whose career was cut short by repeated injuries, he won seven of his 14 starts, including the Gravesend Handicap at Aqueduct Racetrack and the Whirlaway Handicap at Garden State Park.

Mr. Prospector began his stallion career in Florida as a regional sire. He proved so successful that he was moved to Kentucky where he became a leading sire and later a leading broodmare sire. His descendants have dominated the United States Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing for several decades and his impact on Thoroughbred bloodlines is felt worldwide.
Yasser Salihee
Yasser Salihee (1974–2005) was an Iraqi doctor and journalist from Baghdad. After the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq, he published in newspapers throughout the United States, and was known among colleagues for mixing medical and journalistic work. In 2005 Salihee began an investigation of torture and killings by Iraqi Interior Ministry commandos known as the Wolf Brigade. Salihee was killed by a U.S. army sniper on 24 June 2005 while approaching an unmarked checkpoint.

Salihee's death received international attention as emblematic of the problems facing journalists and security in Iraq during the war.

Knight Ridder
Knight Ridder /ˈrɪdər/ was an American media company, specializing in newspaper and Internet publishing. It was bought by McClatchy on June 27, 2006, allowing the latter to become the second largest newspaper publisher in the United States at the time, with 32 daily newspaper brands sold. Its headquarters were located in San Jose, California.
Joe Habets
Joe Habets is a former association football player who represented New Zealand at international level.

Habets made a solitary official international appearance for New Zealand in a 0–4 loss to New Caledonia on 8 November 1967.

New Caledonia national football team
The New Caledonia men's national football team (French: équipe de Nouvelle-Calédonie de football), nicknamed Les Cagous (transl. "The Kagus"), is the national team of New Caledonia; it is controlled by the Fédération Calédonienne de Football. Although they were only admitted to FIFA in 2004, they have been participating in the OFC Nations Cup since its inception. They have been one of this relatively small region's strongest teams, finishing second in 2008 and 2012, and third in 1973 and 1980. They were the top ranked OFC nation at number 95 in September 2008, making them only the fourth country from the confederation to have reached the global top 100.