hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Adalar, Ağlı
Adalar is a village in the Ağlı District of Kastamonu Province in Turkey. Its population was 67 in 2021. It consists of nine islands located in the Sea of Marmara. The nine islands are Burgazada, Kınalıada, Sedefadasi, Yassıad, Büyükada, Heybeliada, Sivriada, Tavşanadasi and Kasikadasi .Buyukada is the most populous and the largest.

Ağlı District
Ağlı District is a district of the Kastamonu Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town of Ağlı. Its area is 225 km2, and its population is 3,006 (2021). According to the Law No. 3644, which entered into force on 20 May 1990, it became a district.
Vision 2021
Vision 2021 was the political manifesto of the Bangladesh Awami League party before winning the National Elections of 2008. It stands as a political vision of Bangladesh for the year 2021, the golden jubilee of the nation. The policy has been criticized as a policy emblematic of technological optimism in the context of Bangladesh and the state repression of media, low internet penetration, inadequate electricity generation. The Vision 2021 is an articulation of where this nation needs to be in 2021 – the year which marks the 50th anniversary of Bangladesh's independence.

Election promise
An election promise or campaign promise is a promise or guarantee made to the public by a candidate or political party that is trying to win an election.

Across the Western world, political parties aren't highly likely to fulfill their election promises. In the United States, platform positions offer important clues as to the policies that U.S. parties will enact. Over the past 30 years, Democratic and Republican congresspeople voted in line with their respective party platforms 74% and 89% of the time, respectively.
Fell Murder
Fell Murder is a 1944 detective novel by E. C. R. Lorac, the pen name of the British writer Edith Caroline Rivett. It was the twenty fourth novel of her long-running series featuring Chief Inspector MacDonald of Scotland Yard. Originally published by Collins Crime Club, it was reissued in 2019 by the British Library Publishing as part of a group of crime novels from the Golden Age of Detective Fiction.

The novel takes place in rural Lancashire during the Second World War. After Robert Garth, the patriarch of the Garth family, is found dead, Scotland Yard sends MacDonald north to investigate.

Golden Age of Detective Fiction
The Golden Age of Detective Fiction was an era of classic murder mystery novels of similar patterns and styles, predominantly in the 1920s and 1930s. While the Golden Age proper is usually taken to refer to works from that period, this type of fiction has been written since at least 1911 and is still being written.

In his history of the detective story, Bloody Murder: From the Detective Story to the Crime Novel, the author Julian Symons heads two chapters devoted to the Golden Age as "the Twenties" and "the Thirties". Symons notes that Philip Van Doren Stern's article, "The Case of the Corpse in the Blind Alley" (1941), "could serve ... as an obituary for the Golden Age." Authors Agatha Christie, Dorothy L. Sayers, Margery Allingham, and Ngaio Marsh have been collectively called the Queens of Crime.
Giuditta Rissone
Giuditta Rissone (28 August 1895 – 31 May 1977) was an Italian film actress who appeared in 25 films between 1933 and 1966. She was born in Genoa and died in Rome. In 1937 in Asti, in the Montferrat region of Piemont she became the wife of actor-director Vittorio De Sica. Her brother Checco Rissone was also an actor.

Asti
Asti (UK: /ˈæsti/ AST-ee, US: /ˈɑːsti/ AH-stee; Italian: [ˈasti] ⓘ; Piedmontese: Ast [ˈɑst]) is a comune (municipality) of 74,348 inhabitants (1–1–2021) located in the Italian region of Piedmont, about 55 kilometres (34 miles) east of Turin, in the plain of the Tanaro River. It is the capital of the province of Asti and it is deemed to be the modern capital of Montferrat.
Mark Nemenman
Mark Nemenman (Russian: Марк Ефимович Неменман, Belarusian: Марк Яўхімавіч Неменман) (6 November 1936 – 20 September 2022
) was a Soviet computer scientist, notable as a pioneer in systems programming and programming language research. He was one of the main developers of the AKI language (in Russian АКИ - АвтоКод ИНЖЕНЕР - Engineer's Autocode) in 1964, before BASIC became known. He led the development of system software for Minsk-32, the most popular of Minsk family of computers.

He was awarded Lenin Komsomol Prize in 1970, received his Ph.D. in 1975 (scientific advisor - Andrey Ershov), Professor since 1984.

Nemenman authored more than 70 papers and 5 books. He is the father of two sons, one of whom is theoretical physicist Ilya Nemenman.

Systems programming
Systems programming, or system programming, is the activity of programming computer system software. The primary distinguishing characteristic of systems programming when compared to application programming is that application programming aims to produce software which provides services to the user directly (e.g. word processor), whereas systems programming aims to produce software and software platforms which provide services to other software, are performance constrained, or both (e.g. operating systems, computational science applications, game engines, industrial automation, and software as a service applications).

Systems programming requires a great degree of hardware awareness. Its goal is to achieve efficient use of available resources, either because the software itself is performance-critical or because even small efficiency improvements directly transform into significant savings of time or money.
Adam Black (rugby union)
Adam Black (born 24 May 1975 in Barking, England) is a rugby union player. A prop forward, Black has represented England at Under 21 level.

He played for London Wasps, Bedford, Sale Sharks, Ebbw Vale and Newport Gwent Dragons before joining Worcester Warriors in May 2009.  Since retiring he has become a coach.  He is currently head coach at Bude. He is also the co owner of East Thorne Cornwall alongside Naomi Black.He was also a contestant on 4 in a Bed

Ebbw Vale RFC
Ebbw Vale Rugby Football Club (Welsh: Clwb Rygbi Glyn Ebwy) is a Welsh Rugby Union Club based in the town of Ebbw Vale, Blaenau Gwent, South Wales.

The club play in the Super Rygbi Cymru and act as a feeder club for the Dragons regional team.
Mazhukeer
Mazhukeer is a village that lies in the Alappuzha district of Kerala in India. The village begins at Arattupuzha Bridge, which connects Pathanamthitta district and Allapuzha district and lies up to a church near Kallissery junction. The Varattar River is the eastern boundary of Mazhukeer. Mazhukeer is divided into two wards: Mel Mazukeer, or Mazukeermel (Upper Mazhukeer); and Keez Mazukeer, or Mazukeer (Lower Mazhukeer).

Pathanamthitta
Pathanamthitta (IPA: [pɐt̪ːɐnɐn̪d̪iʈːɐ]), is a Municipal Town in southern Kerala, India, spread over an area of 23.5 km2 (9.1 sq mi). It is the administrative capital of Pathanamthitta district. The town has a population of 37,538 (as of 2011 census). The Hindu pilgrim centre Sabarimala is situated in the Pathanamthitta district; as the main transport hub to Sabarimala, the town is known as the 'Pilgrim Capital of Kerala'. Pathanamthitta District, the thirteenth revenue district of the State of Kerala, was formed with effect from 1 November 1982, with headquarters at Pathanamthitta. Forest covers more than half of the total area of the District. Pathanamthitta District ranks the 7th in area in the State. The district has its borders with Allepey, Kottayam, Kollam and Idukki districts of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Nearest town is Thiruvalla (largest town in Pathanamthitta District), located at a distance of 30 km. Thiruvalla railway station is 30 km via Thiruvalla-Kumbazha highway.
The Ring magazine Progress of the Year
The Ring magazine was established in 1922 and gave an award for Progress of the Year from 1953 to 1988. It is given to a boxer who had made significant progress during the preceding year, or had otherwise made the most impressive jump from comparative obscurity to international prominence.

1953 – Nino Valdes

1954 – Pascual Perez

1955 – Chuck Spieser

1956 – Eddie Machen

1957 – Roy Harris (boxer)

1958 – Don Jordan

1959 – Charley Scott

1960 – Giulio Rinaldi

1961:

1962:

1963:

1964 – Vicente Saldivar

1965 – Alan Rudkin

1966 – Joe Frazier

1967 – Jimmy Ellis

1968 – Shozo Saijo

1969 – Mac Foster

1970 – George Foreman

1971 – Chris Finnegan

1972 – Bert Nabalatan

1973 – Santos Luis Rivera

1974 – Soo-Hwan Hong

1975 – Mike Colbert

1976 – Ruben Castillo

1977 – Eddie Gazo

1978 – Leon Spinks

1979 – Chan-Hee Park

1980 –

1981 –

1982 –

1983 – John Mugabi

1984 – Francisco Quiroz

1985 – Lonnie Smith

1986 – Samart Payakaroon

1987 – Kelvin Seabrooks

1988 – Michael Nunn

Ruben Castillo (boxer)
Ruben Castillo (December 19, 1957 – February 24, 2026) was an American boxer who fought in the Featherweight division. Castillo went on to fight four world championship fights against Hall of Famers Salvador Sánchez, Alexis Argüello, and Julio César Chávez, as well as with Juan Laporte.
Annette Vilhelmsen
Annette Lilja Vilhelmsen (born 24 October 1959) is a Danish politician who served as chairperson of the Socialist People's Party from 2012 to 2014. She served as Minister for Social Affairs and Integration from August 2013 to February 2014 and Minister for Economic and Business Affairs from 2012 to 2013 in the first cabinet of Helle Thorning-Schmidt. She was a member of Folketing from 2011 to 2015.

Ministry of Social Affairs (Denmark)
The Ministry of Social Affairs (Danish: Socialministeriet) is a Danish cabinet ministry responsible for policies related to the social welfare of the inhabitants of Denmark. As of 2025, it is responsible for the following policy areas: disability law, family law, public housing, social exclusion, social vulnerability, and the voluntary sector.

A ministry of social affairs was first established in Denmark in 1924. It has been re-organized, re-established, and renamed several times since. The ministry was established under its current name, the Ministry of Social Affairs and Housing (Danish: Social- og Boligministeriet), in 2024. The current minister is Sophie Hæstorp Andersen.
Meng Lili
Meng Lili (simplified Chinese: 孟丽丽; traditional Chinese: 孟麗麗; pinyin: Mèng Lìlì; born December 28, 1979, in Xintai, Tai'an, Shandong) is a female Chinese freestyle wrestler who competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics. She finished ninth in the 63 kg freestyle competition.

Xintai
Xintai (Chinese: 新泰; pinyin: Xīntài) is a county-level city in the central part of Shandong province, People's Republic of China. It is the easternmost county-level division of the prefecture-level city of Tai'an and is located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) to the southeast of downtown Tai'an.
Yelena Katishonok
Yelena Alexandrovna Katishonok (Russian: Елена Александровна Катишонок, born 1950) is an American Russian-language writer and translator, author of three books of poetry, seven novels, and one book of short stories.

Big Book (award)
Big Book (Russian: Большая Книга, romanized: Bolshaya Kniga) is a Russian literary award for best prose in Russian.

The award is financed by the founders of the Center for the Support of Domestic Literature, Russian major businessmen and business structures.

Acceptable candidates for the award are works of all prose genres, including memoirs, biographies and other documentary prose, written in or translated to Russian.

The cash reward is as follows:

First place — 3 million rubles.

Second place — 1.5 million rubles.

Third place — 1 million rubles.
Dangerous (Cascada song)
"Dangerous" is a song by Cascada, released as a single in 2009 from their third studio album Evacuate the Dancefloor. It was the second single released in the UK and Ireland from the album but the third overall. The music video was uploaded to YouTube by the UK record company All Around the World on August 17, 2009, and the single was released in the United Kingdom on October 12, 2009.

"Dangerous" was performed on the National Lottery EuroMillions draw, broadcast on BBC One on 18 September 2009.  
It is composed in the key signature of E-flat minor and has a tempo of 145 BPM.

E-flat minor
E-flat minor is a minor scale based on E♭, consisting of the pitches E♭, F, G♭, A♭, B♭, C♭, and D♭. Its key signature consists of six flats. Its relative key is G-flat major (or enharmonically F-sharp major) and its parallel key is E-flat major. Its enharmonic equivalent, D-sharp minor, contains six sharps.

The E-flat natural minor scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The E-flat harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:
Narwar coinage
The various Kings of the Nagas of Narwar issued coins of ¼, ½ and 1 kakini, from 5–15 mm in size and all issued in bronze. Designs were humped bull facing left, wheel peacock, trident and various other designs. The Nagas of Narwar occupied the region of Padmavati, Kantipuri, Mathura and Vidisha around the period of 200-340 AD. In this period there was substantial trade between India and Rome in spices, fabric and gold. Text used was in the Brahmi script  of an early Prakrit language.

Bull
A bull is an intact (i.e., not castrated) adult male of the species Bos taurus (cattle). More muscular and aggressive than the females of the same species (i.e. cows proper), bulls have long been an important symbol in many religions, including for sacrifices. These animals play a significant role in beef ranching, dairy farming, and a variety of sporting and cultural activities, including bullfighting and bull riding.
2005 UCI Juniors Track World Championships
The 2005 UCI Juniors Track World Championships were the 31st annual Junior World Championships for track cycling held at Vienna, in Austria, from 7 to 10 August.

The Championships had nine events for men (sprint, points race, individual pursuit, team pursuit, 1 kilometre time trial, team sprint, keirin, madison and scratch race) and six for women (sprint, individual pursuit, 500 metre time trial, points race, keirin, scratch race).

Scratch race
A scratch race is a track cycling race in which all riders start together and the objective is simply to be first over the finish line after a certain number of laps.

UCI regulations specify that a scratch race should be held over 15 km for Elite Men and 10 km for Elite Women. Shorter distances of 10 km for men and 7.5 km for women may be used for qualifying rounds. Racers line up along the inner sprinter's rail and along the outer railing. The riders take a neutralised lap before the starting pistol is fired for the official start. A lapped rider must leave the race once they are overtaken by the peloton.  There are no intermediate points or sprints. One tactic is for a rider, or more often a group of riders, to break away and attempt to gain a lap on the rest of the field. The peloton cannot be lapped; but that rider or those riders cannot be beaten by anyone in the peloton.

The format favors endurance sprinters.
Maritime Rescue Institute
The Maritime Rescue Institute was a Scottish charity based in Stonehaven. It provided Kincardineshire's local lifeboat service and provided specialist training programmes and advisory services on all forms of waterborne emergency response. It was established as a charity in 2003 using the proceeds of the sale from its predecessor commercial training organisation.
The BBC announced its closure in February 2013 following damage sustained during the December 2012 storms. Following the demise of MRI, Royal National Lifeboat Institution started providing lifeboat services in Stonehaven and established a new premises in 2014.

Kincardineshire
Kincardineshire or the County of Kincardine, also known as the Mearns (from the Scottish Gaelic A' Mhaoirne meaning "the stewartry"), is a historic county, registration county and lieutenancy area on the coast of north-east Scotland. It is bounded by Aberdeenshire on the north, and by Angus on the south-west.

The county was named after its original county town of Kincardine, near Fettercairn. The county town was moved to Stonehaven in 1600, by which time the town of Kincardine was in decline; it was subsequently abandoned. Other towns in the county include Banchory, Inverbervie and Laurencekirk.

The county was abolished as an administrative area in 1975. Since 1996, most of the pre-1975 county has formed part of the Aberdeenshire council area, with the exception of Nigg, which is in Aberdeen City. The name "Kincardine" is used in Kincardine and Mearns, a committee area of the Aberdeenshire Council, although this covers a smaller area than the county.
Racing Rioja CF
Racing Rioja Club de Fútbol was a football club based in Logroño, La Rioja. Founded in 2018 and dissolved in 2024, they held home games at the Campo de Fútbol El Salvador, with a capacity of 1,160 people.

Logroño
Logroño (UK: /lɒˈɡrɒnjoʊ/ ⓘ log-RON-yoh, US: /ləˈɡroʊnjoʊ, loʊˈ-/ lə-GROHN-yoh, loh-, Spanish: [loˈɣɾoɲo] ⓘ) is the capital of the autonomous community of La Rioja, Spain. Located in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, primarily in the right (South) bank of the Ebro River, Logroño has historically been a place of passage, such as the Camino de Santiago. Its borders were disputed between the Iberian kingdoms of Castille, Navarre and Aragon during the Middle Ages.

The population of the city in 2021 was 150,808 while the metropolitan area included nearly 200,000 inhabitants. The city is a centre of trade of Rioja wine, for which the area is noted, and manufacturing of wood, metal and textile products.
Jim Mallen
James Irwin "Jim, Kid" Mallen (May 25, 1881 – December 17, 1954) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who was active with several clubs from 1901 to 1914. Amongst the teams Mallen played for were the Calumet Miners, Pittsburgh Lyceum, Pittsburgh Bankers, Toronto Professionals and Galt Professionals.

When with the Galt Professionals Mallen twice was on a team that challenged for the Stanley Cup, in January 1910 and in March 1911, but the Galt team lost both times to the Ottawa Senators.

Jim Mallen was a small player in stature even for his era but stocky built at 5'5" and approximately 165 pounds. He played primarily at the center and rover positions. His younger brother Ken Mallen also played professional ice hockey and was on the 1915 Vancouver Millionaires team that won the Stanley Cup.

Pittsburgh Lyceum
The Pittsburgh Lyceum Club, or Pittsburgh Lyceum, was a professional ice hockey team based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was a member of the Western Pennsylvania Hockey League from 1907 to 1908 and played all of its games at Duquesne Garden.
1992 NCAA women's gymnastics championships
The 1992 NCAA women's gymnastics championships were contested at the 11th annual meet hosted by the NCAA to determine the individual and team national champions of women's gymnastics among its member programs in the United States.

The competition took place in St. Paul, Minnesota in the St. Paul Civic Center.

Utah won the team championship, their seventh and first since 1990.

Missy Marlowe, also from Utah, won the all-around individual championship.

Missy Marlowe
Melissa Anne "Missy" Marlowe (born August 25, 1971) is an American retired gymnast. She competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics, in Seoul, South Korea.

Marlowe, who grew up in Salt Lake City, competed for the University of Utah gymnastics team and was a five-time NCAA champion. She won the Honda Sports Award as the nation's top female gymnast, and the first ever Honda-Broderick Cup awarded to a gymnast as the nation's top female athlete in 1992 and in 2018 was inducted into the Pac-12 Hall of Honors.
She was the first NCAA competitor in women's gymnastics to get a perfect 10 on all four events.
In 2025 she was inducted into the USA Gymnastics Hall of Fame.

Her daughter Milan Clausi competed for the University of California, Berkeley gymnastics team.
Dean Delt-Air 250
The Dean Delt-Air 250 was an American twin-seat amateur-built, delta wing light aircraft. Designed and built by Herbert Dean of Flint, Michigan, the aircraft was destroyed on its first flight and Dean was killed.

Light aircraft
A light aircraft is an aircraft that has a maximum gross takeoff weight of 12,500 lb (5,670 kg) or less.

Light aircraft are used as utility aircraft commercially for small-scale passenger and freight transport; for sightseeing, photography, cropdusting, and other so-called aerial work roles of civil aviation; for the personal-use aspect of general aviation; and in certain aspects of military aviation.

Examples of aircraft that are at the maximum gross takeoff weight for this category include the de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter and Beechcraft B200 Super King Air.
Vikinghøgda Formation
The Vikinghøgda Formation is a geologic formation in Svalbard, Norway. It preserves fossils dating back to the Early Triassic (Griesbachian-Spathian) period. It is split into three members, from oldest to youngest: the Deltadalen Member (Induan), Lusitaniadalen Member (Smithian), and Vendomdalen Member (Spathian). The formation can be found in central Spitsbergen (Sassendalen, Dickson Land, James I Land), southern Spitsbergen, as well as the smaller islands of Barentsøya and Edgeøya. The type locality is positioned in the vicinity of Vikinghøgda and Sticky Keep, two low peaks along the southeast edge of Sassendalen (Sassen Valley) in Spitsbergen. The two upper members of the Vikinghøgda Formation were previously grouped together as the Sticky Keep Formation.

Barentsøya
Barentsøya, anglicized as Barents Island, is an Arctic island in the Svalbard archipelago of Norway, lying between Edgeøya and Spitsbergen. To the north, in the sound between Barentsøya and Spitsbergen, lies the island of Kükenthaløya. To the south, the sound separating Barents Island from Edgeøya is Freemansundet.

Barentsøya has no permanent human inhabitants. It is part of the Søraust-Svalbard Nature Reserve and forms a habitat for several species, including polar bears and kittiwakes.
Azerbaijani jazz
The  Azerbaijani jazz (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan cazı) is a popular variety of jazz, widespread in Azerbaijan. It covers a broad range of styles (traditional, post-pop, fusion, free flexion) and often features a blend with traditional Azeri music. Among modern famed Azeri jazz musicians are Aziza Mustafazadeh, who was influenced by Bill Evans and Keith Jarrett, Rain Sultanov, Isfar Sarabski, Shahin Novrasli.

Music of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani music (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan musiqisi) is the musical tradition of the Azerbaijani people from the Azerbaijan Republic. Azerbaijani music has evolved under the badge of monody, producing rhythmically diverse melodies. Music from Azerbaijan has a branch mode system, where chromatisation of major and minor scales is of great importance.
Schinia septentrionalis
Schinia septentrionalis, the northern flower moth, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1858. It is found in North America from Missouri to Quebec to South Carolina and Louisiana. Records include Colorado, Oklahoma, South Dakota and Texas. It is listed as threatened in the US state of Connecticut.

The wingspan is about 25 mm. There is one generation per year.

The larvae feed on various asters  including Symphyotrichum laeve, and Symphyotrichum oblongifolium.

Aster (genus)
Aster is a genus of perennial flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Its circumscription has been narrowed, and it now encompasses around 170 species, all but one of which are restricted to Eurasia; many species formerly in Aster are now in other genera of the tribe Astereae. Aster amellus is the type species of the genus and the family Asteraceae.

The name Aster comes from the Ancient Greek word ἀστήρ (astḗr), meaning 'star', referring to the shape of the flower head. Many species, varieties, and hybrids, sometimes known as Michaelmas daisies for their late blooming, are popular as garden plants because of their attractive and colourful flowers. 'Aster' species are used as food plants by the larvae of a number of Lepidoptera species.