hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Washington Howes
William Washington Howes (1887-1962) served under Franklin Delano Roosevelt as Second and First Assistant Postmaster General from 1933 to 1940. Howes brought airmail service to the Midwest. The W W Howes Municipal Airport (now known as Huron Regional Airport) was named in his honor. It is located in Huron, South Dakota. (Source: Howes' grandson, Dr. Whiting Wicker) Previously, he was a member of the South Dakota Senate, Chairman of the South Dakota Democratic Party and a member of the Democratic National Committee. In 1920, he ran for Governor of South Dakota, losing to William H. McMaster.

Howes was born on February 16, 1887, in Tomah, Wisconsin. He died on January 15, 1962, in Washington, D.C.

South Dakota Democratic Party
The South Dakota Democratic Party is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of South Dakota. The party currently has very weak electoral power in the state, controlling none of South Dakota's statewide or federal elected offices.

Important members in the history of the South Dakota Democratic Party include Dick Kneip, Jim Abourezk, George McGovern, Tom Daschle, Tim Johnson and Stephanie Herseth Sandlin.
Jure Meglič
Jure Meglič (born 18 October 1984 in Kranj) is a Slovenian slalom canoeist who started competing at the international level in 2001. He represented Azerbaijan from 2014 until his retirement in 2016.

He won a bronze medal in the K1 event at the 2010 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in Tacen. He also won five medals at the European Championships (3 golds, 1 silver and 1 bronze).

Meglič finished 14th in the K1 event at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro.

Kranj
Kranj (pronounced [ˈkɾàːn] ⓘ, German: Krainburg) is the fourth-largest city in Slovenia and the largest urban center of the traditional region of Upper Carniola (northwestern Slovenia) and the Slovene Alps. It is located approximately 20 kilometres (12 miles) northwest of the national capital Ljubljana, acting as the seat of the City Municipality of Kranj.
Karantika
Karantika (Arabic: كارنتيكا) is an iconic Algerian street food sold throughout the Maghreb by street vendors. It has similarities to pies, pancakes, and flans and consists of a chickpea batter topped with beaten egg and baked, served with harissa and cumin either hot on bread as a sandwich, or sliced into squares.

It originated in and remains a specialty of Oran, where it was first introduced by Spanish invaders in the 16th century, and was spread throughout Algeria during the French occupation of the country.

The dish is also served in restaurants and made in homes.

Cumin
Cumin (/ˈkʌmɪn/ ⓘ, /ˈkjuːmɪn/ ⓘ; US also /ˈkuːmɪn/ ⓘ; Cuminum cyminum) is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae, native to the Irano-Turanian Region. Its seeds – each one contained within a fruit, which is dried – are used in the cuisines of many cultures in both whole and ground form. Although cumin is used in traditional medicine, there is no high-quality evidence that it is safe or effective as a therapeutic agent.
Leader of the Opposition in the Senate (France)
The Leader of the Opposition in the Senate (French: chef de l'opposition au Sénat) is the leader of the largest opposition group in the Senate of France. The status has no official recognition in the French Constitution. What is more, the ideological differences between groups in the Senate is smaller than as usual, as the powers of the Senate allow it, at best, to lengthen the time for a bill.

Following the 2011 Senate election and the victory of the Socialists, Jean-Claude Gaudin became the first right-wing Senate Opposition Leader under the Fifth Republic. Eight people have held the position since its establishment in 1959. The current officeholder is Patrick Kanner.

Jean-Claude Gaudin
Jean-Claude Gaudin (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ klod ɡodɛ̃] ⓘ; 8 October 1939 – 20 May 2024) was a French politician for The Republicans. He served as the Mayor of Marseille from 1995 to 2020.

Gaudin was a member of the National Assembly of France from Bouches-du-Rhône from 1978 to 1989 and was a member of the French Senate from 1989 to 1995 and again from 1998. From 1995 to 1997, he served as Minister of Territorial Development in Alain Juppé's Second Cabinet.

Gaudin served as vice-president of the Senate from 1998 to 2011; as vice-president of UMP 2002–2007 and as one of several vice-presidents for UMP 2013–2014.
Chingford Open
The Chingford Open or Chingford Open Championships and  also called the Connaught Open Lawn Tennis Tournament, was a men's clay court tennis tournament founded in 1888. The tournament was organised by the Connaught Club and played in Chingford, Essex, England and was held annually until 1892 as part of the LTA Circuit when it was discontinued.

Chingford
Chingford is a suburban town in east London, England, within the London Borough of Waltham Forest. The centre of Chingford is 9.2 miles (14.8 km) north-east of Charing Cross. Chingford is bounded by the River Lea to the west, Epping Forest to the north and east, and Walthamstow to the south. It had a population of 70,583 at the 2021 census.

The name Chingford was first recorded in 913AD, with the ancient parish of Chingford being a largely rural farming community until urbanisation began in the late 19th century and became particularly pronounced in the interwar period.

The parish of Chingford was part of the Waltham hundred of Essex. The parish was granted urban district status in 1894, and municipal borough status in 1938. Its administrative headquarters were at Chingford Town Hall until 1965 when the Municipal Borough of Chingford merged with the municipal boroughs of Walthamstow and Leyton to form a new borough, Waltham Forest, within the new Greater London.
1999 Estoril Open – Women's singles
The 1999 Estoril Open women's singles was the singles event of the first edition of the WTA Tour Estoril Open; a WTA Tier IV tournament and the most prestigious women's tennis tournament held in Portugal. This tournament was part of the ITF Circuit last year, and it was won by Barbara Schwartz. Schwartz was eliminated in the second round of this year's event.

Katarina Srebotnik won in the final 6–3, 6–1 against Rita Kuti-Kis.

Rita Kuti-Kis
Rita Kuti Kis (born 13 February 1978) is a former professional tennis player from Hungary.

In 1992, she was beaten by future international No. 1, Martina Hingis, in the Petits As competition, a juniors tournament at Tarbes, France which has been renowned for the discovery of young tennis talent. Kuti Kis's most successful year was 2000, when she scored her one and only WTA Tour singles title in São Paulo. In the same year, she reached the third round of the French Open (losing to Monica Seles) and defeated then up-coming Jelena Dokić in the first round of the Australian Open.

Kuti Kis retired from professional tennis in 2006.
Ghayyur Akhtar
Ghayyur Akhtar (Punjabi, Urdu: غیُور اختر ), (5 October 1945 – 7 February 2014) was a Pakistani radio, television, film and theater actor. He also worked as a writer, director and producer.

He is best known for playing a role in the television serial Sona Chandi (1982).

Pride of Performance
The Pride of Performance (Urdu: تمغہِ حسنِ کارکردگی, romanized: tamġā-e husn-e kārkardgī), officially known as the Presidential Pride of Performance, is an award bestowed by the Islamic Republic of Pakistan to recognize people with "notable achievements in the field of art, science, literature, sports, and nursing". It is considered one of the country's most prestigious awards in these fields conferred upon citizens and, in some cases, foreign nationals.
Changping railway station (Guangdong)
Changping railway station, formerly Sheung Ping railway station (at opening) and Dongguan railway station (until 2014), serves the city of Dongguan in Guangdong Province, China, located in Changping Town of the city. It is served by Guangshen railway, Guangmeishan railway, Jingjiu railway as well as the Guangdong through train service.

It was a port of entry to China for passenger trains from Kowloon, Hong Kong on the Guangdong through train service.

Port of entry
In general, a port of entry (POE) is a place where one may lawfully enter a country. It typically has border security staff and facilities to check passports and visas and to inspect luggage to assure that contraband is not imported. International airports are usually ports of entry, as are road and rail crossings on a land border. Seaports can be used as ports of entry only if a dedicated customs presence is posted there. The choice of whether to become a port of entry is up to the civil authority controlling the port.
Soda gembira
Soda gembira (lit. 'happy soda') is an Indonesian drink. It is made up of cocopandan syrup, condensed milk, seltzer and ice. A related drink, Soda Susu, uses carbonated water instead of strawberry-flavored Fanta.

Soda gembira is a popular beverage in Indonesia. It is usually served during iftar in Ramadan and at wedding receptions, alongside foods including bakso, nasi goreng, rendang, and soto.

Ice cube
An ice cube is a small piece of ice, which is typically rectangular as viewed from above and trapezoidal as viewed from the side. Ice cubes are products of mechanical refrigeration and are usually produced to cool beverages. They may be made at home in a freezer with an ice tray or in an automated ice-making accessory. They may also be produced industrially and sold commercially.
Mattawoman Creek
Mattawoman Creek is a 30.0-mile-long (48.3 km) coastal-plain tributary to the tidal Potomac River with a mouth at Indian Head, Maryland, 20 miles (32 km) downstream of Washington, D.C. It comprises a 23-mile (37 km) river flowing through Prince George's and Charles counties and a 7-mile (11 km) tidal-freshwater estuary in Charles County. About three-fourths of its 94-square-mile (240 km2) watershed lies in Charles County, with the remainder in Prince George's County immediately to the north.

Prince George's County, Maryland
Prince George's County (often shortened to PG County, PG, or PGC) is located in the U.S. state of Maryland bordering the eastern portion of Washington, D.C. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the population was 967,201, making it the second-most populous county in Maryland, behind neighboring Montgomery County. The 2020 census counted an increase of nearly 104,000 in the previous ten years. Its county seat is Upper Marlboro. It is the most populous African American-majority county in the United States, as well as the second most affluent behind neighboring Charles County.

The county is part of the Capital region of the state, though portions of the county are considered to be in Southern Maryland. The county also hosts many federal governmental facilities, such as Joint Base Andrews and the United States Census Bureau headquarters.
MWorks
MWorks is an engineering simulation and numeric computing software developed by Suzhou Tongyuan Software & Control Technology Co., Ltd. It provides an interactive programming environment supporting co-simulation of engineering models from different domains.

The software consists of the numerical computing environment MWorks.Syslab, the system modeling and simulation environment MWorks.Sysplorer, the collaborative system modeling and model data management environment MWorks.Syslink, and the computational simulation cloud platform MoHub.

MWorks supports graphical drag-and-drop development and creation of user interfaces, and offers C/C++ and Python APIs as well as interoperability with other simulation software such as Simulink.

Simulink
Simulink is a MATLAB-based graphical programming environment for modeling, simulating and analyzing multidomain dynamical systems. Its primary interface is a graphical block diagramming tool and a customizable set of block libraries. It offers tight integration with the rest of the MATLAB environment and can either drive MATLAB or be scripted from it. Simulink is widely used in automatic control and digital signal processing for multidomain simulation and model-based design.
Thierry Mauvignier
Thierry Mauvignier (French pronunciation: [tjɛʁi moviɲje]; born 1965) is a French director and documentary filmmaker. He began his career as a projectionist for Futuroscope and made a few short films for France 3 before embarking on documentaries and fiction. He is the brother of writer Laurent Mauvignier.

Futuroscope
Futuroscope, or Parc du Futuroscope (French pronunciation: [paʁk dy fytyʁɔskɔp]), formerly known as Planète Futuroscope, is a French theme park based upon multimedia, cinematographic, and audiovisual techniques. It has several 3D cinemas and a few 4D cinemas along with other attractions and shows, some of which are the only examples in the world.

It is located in the department of Vienne, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of Poitiers, in the communes of Chasseneuil-du-Poitou and Jaunay-Clan.

The park had 1.83 million visitors in 2015. In total, 50 million visitors have been to the park since it opened in 1987.
Playlist: The Very Best of Basia
Playlist: The Very Best of Basia is a greatest hits compilation album by Polish-born singer Basia. It was released by Epic Records on 15 October 2013 as part of Sony's environmentally friendly Playlist compilation series. The CD compiles all of her chart hits from the 1980s and 1990s. Of the 14 tracks offered, the first comes from her days with the band Matt Bianco and the album Whose Side Are You On? (1984). This is followed by five songs from her debut album, Time and Tide (1987), four from her second album, London Warsaw New York (1990), and three from her third solo album, The Sweetest Illusion (1994). The final track is from an earlier compilation album, Clear Horizon – The Best of Basia (1998).

London Warsaw New York
London Warsaw New York is the second solo studio album by Polish-born singer–songwriter Basia, released in February 1990 by Epic Records. It spawned one of Basia's biggest hits, "Cruising for Bruising".
Old King's Arms
The Old King's Arms was a tavern  in the Strand, London, which was noted for hosting a masonic lodge which was linked to the Grand Lodge. In the 1730s it was renowned as an Enlightenment Lodge, but subsequently evolved more into a dining club.

Grand Lodge
A Grand Lodge, also called Grand Orient, Obedience, or by another similar title, is a name for the overarching governing body of a fraternal or other similarly organized group in a given area, usually a city, state, or country.
Michael Thibodeau
Michael D. Thibodeau (born July 16, 1966) is an American politician and businessman from Maine.  He was a Republican State Senator from Maine's 23rd District, representing all of Waldo County. He graduated from Hampden Academy in 1984. He was first elected to the Maine State Senate in 2010 after serving from 2006 to 2010 as state representative. He also served on the board of selectmen of Winterport.

Maine Republican Party
The Maine Republican Party is an affiliate of the United States Republican Party in Maine. It was founded in Strong, Maine, on August 7, 1854. The party currently does not control the governor's office or either chamber of the Maine Legislature, nor either of Maine's two U.S. House. The only federal elected office that the party controls is one of Maine's two U.S. Senate seats, currently held by Susan Collins.
Koltsov
Koltsov (Russian: Кольцов; masculine) or Koltsova (Кольцова; feminine) is a common Russian surname. It derives from the Russian nickname "Koltso" (Кольцо).

It is shared by the following people

Aleksey Koltsov (1808–1842), Russian poet

Boris Koltsov (b. 1988), Russian darts player

Diana Koltsova (b. 2008), Russian para swimmer

Kirill Koltsov (b. 1983), Russian ice hockey player

Konstantin Koltsov (1981–2024), Belarusian ice hockey player

Mikhail Koltsov (1898–1940), Soviet journalist

Mykola Koltsov (1936–2011), Soviet association football player

Nikolai Koltsov (1872–1940), Soviet/Russian biologist

Olena Koltsova (b. 1972), Ukrainian Olympic fencer

Pāvels Koļcovs (Pavel Koltsov) (b. 1982), Latvian association football player

Mykola Koltsov
Mykola Koltsov (Ukrainian: Микола Михайлович Кольцов; 11 May 1936 – 27 December 2011) was a Soviet footballer and Ukrainian football children and youth trainer.

Koltsov also was decorated by the President of Ukraine only one month before his death. He died in Kharkiv, aged 75.
La Luz (band)
La Luz is an American rock band from Seattle, founded in 2012 by Shana Cleveland, Marian Li Pino, Abbey Blackwell and Katie Jacobson. La Luz has received critical acclaim following the release of five studio albums: It's Alive, Weirdo Shrine, Floating Features, the self-titled La Luz (all on Hardly Art) and News of the Universe on Sub Pop.

La Luz is known for their "surf noir" style, with layered vocal harmonies. Their energetic live shows often include Soul Train-inspired dance contests and crowd surfing.

Crowd surfing
Crowd surfing is the process in which a person is passed overhead from person to person (often during a concert). The "crowd surfer" is passed above everyone's heads, with everyone's hands supporting the person's weight.
Cassius (band)
Cassius was a French musical duo active from 1988 to 2019 and consisting of producers Philippe Cerboneschi and Hubert Blanc-Francard, better known as Zdar and Boombass (or sometimes Philippe Zdar and Hubert Boombass). Under its different incarnations the duo is likened to the "French touch" movement of electronic music in the second half of the 1990s.

MC Solaar
Claude Honoré M'Barali (French pronunciation: [klod ɔnɔʁe ɛmbaʁali]; born 5 March 1969), professionally known as MC Solaar (pronounced [ɛm si sɔˈlaʁ]), is a French rapper of Senegalese and Chadian origin. He is one of France's most famous and influential hip hop artists. Some consider him the best French rapper of all time.

MC Solaar is known for his complex lyrics and distinctive flows, which rely on word play, lyricism, and inquiry. He is one of the best in France. In the English-speaking world, Solaar was signed by London-based acid jazz record label Talkin' Loud and recorded with British band Urban Species and rapper Guru, who was a member of New York-based rap duo Gang Starr. Solaar has released twelve studio albums and one live album. His eighth studio album, Géopoétique, produced by Alain Etchart and mixed by sound engineer David Gnozzi, won best album of the year at the Victoires de la Musique awards in 2018.
Listed buildings in Thorpe Salvin
Thorpe Salvin is a civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England.  The parish contains 14 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, two are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the village of Thorpe Salvin and the surrounding countryside.  The Chesterfield Canal runs through the parish, and the listed buildings associated with this are locks, bridges, milestones, and an aqueduct.  The other listed buildings consist of a church, headstones and a sundial in the churchyard, the ruins of a manor house and its gatehouse, and a row of cottages.

Gatehouse
A gatehouse is a type of fortified gateway, an entry control point building, enclosing or accompanying a gateway for a town, religious house, castle, manor house, or other fortification building of importance. Gatehouses are typically the most heavily armed section of a fortification, to compensate for being structurally the weakest and the most probable attack point by an enemy. There are numerous surviving examples in France, Austria, Germany, England and Japan.
Extreme-ultraviolet Stellar Characterization for Atmospheric Physics and Evolution
The Extreme-ultraviolet Stellar Characterization for Atmospheric Physics and Evolution (ESCAPE) mission aims to find environments beyond Earth's solar system that might host planets with thick atmospheres to support life.

The long-term stability of exoplanetary atmospheres depends critically on the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) flux from the host star. The EUV flux likely drives the demographics of the short-period planet population as well the ability for rocky planets to maintain habitable environments long enough for the emergence of life. ESCAPE is an astrophysics Small Explorer proposed to NASA that employs extreme- and far-ultraviolet spectroscopy (80 – 1650 Å) to characterize the high-energy radiation environment in the habitable zones (HZs) around nearby stars.

Extreme ultraviolet
Extreme ultraviolet radiation (EUV or XUV) or high-energy ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation in the part of the electromagnetic spectrum spanning wavelengths shorter than the hydrogen Lyman-alpha line from 121 nm down to the X-ray band of 10 nm. By the Planck–Einstein equation the EUV photons have energies from 10.26 eV up to 124.24 eV where we enter the X-ray energies. EUV is naturally generated by the solar corona and artificially by plasma, high harmonic generation sources and synchrotron light sources. Since the ultraviolet C range extends to 100 nm, there is some overlap in the terms.

The main uses of extreme ultraviolet radiation are photoelectron spectroscopy, solar imaging, and lithography. In air, EUV is the most highly absorbed component of the electromagnetic spectrum, requiring high vacuum for transmission.
History of Kiribati
The islands which now form the Republic of Kiribati have been inhabited variously. The Gilbert Islands may have been inhabited for three or four millennia, and certainly for several hundred years. The Phoenix and Line islands, in contrast, seem to have only been inhabited intermittently, because any intended long-lived human inhabitations have been thwarted by droughts and such like. Regarding the Gilberts, the initial Austronesian peoples’ population, which remains the overwhelming majority today, was visited by Polynesian and Melanesian invaders before the first European sailors visited the islands in the 17th century. For much of the subsequent period, the islands were ruled as part of the British Empire.  The country gained its independence in 1979 and has since been known as Kiribati.

Melanesians
Melanesians are the predominant and Indigenous inhabitants of Melanesia, in an area stretching from New Guinea to the Fiji Islands. Most speak one of the many languages of the Austronesian language family (especially ones in the Oceanic branch) or one of the many unrelated families of Papuan languages. There are several creoles of the region, such as Tok Pisin, Hiri Motu, Solomon Islands Pijin, Bislama, and Papuan Malay.
Glinienko
Glinienko [ɡliˈɲɛnkɔ] is a former village in the administrative district of Gmina Suchy Las, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

The site of the village is now within the area of the military training ground centred on Biedrusko.

Poznań County
Poznań County (Polish: powiat poznański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Poznań, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county's administrative offices (starostwo powiatowe) are in the Jeżyce neighbourhood of Poznań.