hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alex Gâlmeanu
Alexandru Pompiliu Gâlmeanu (born 29 October 1978) is a Romanian photographer and image director. He started working in 1998, and has primarily focused on editorial, advertising, fashion or abstract photography.

Abstract photography
Abstract photography, sometimes called non-objective, experimental or conceptual photography, is a means of depicting a visual image that does not have an immediate association with the object world and that has been created through the use of photographic equipment, processes or materials. An abstract photograph may isolate a fragment of a natural scene to remove its inherent context from the viewer, it may be purposely staged to create a seemingly unreal appearance from real objects, or it may involve the use of color, light, shadow, texture, shape and/or form to convey a feeling, sensation or impression. The image may be produced using traditional photographic equipment like a camera, darkroom or computer, or it may be created without using a camera by directly manipulating film, paper or other photographic media, including digital presentations.
Stop Breaking Down
"Stop Breaking Down" or "Stop Breakin' Down Blues" is a Delta blues song recorded by Robert Johnson in 1937. An "upbeat boogie with a strong chorus line", the lyrics are partly based on Johnson's experience with certain women:

You know the Saturday night women, 
now they love to ape and clown
They won't do nothin' 
but tear yo' reputation down
Stop breakin' down
Please stop breakin' down

The song shares elements with earlier blues songs and became popular largely through later interpretations by other artists, such as Sonny Boy Williamson I in 1945, the Rolling Stones in 1972. and the White Stripes in 1999.

The Complete Recordings (Robert Johnson album)
The Complete Recordings is a compilation album by American Delta blues musician Robert Johnson. The 41 songs were recorded in two sessions in Dallas and San Antonio, Texas, for the American Record Company (ARC) during 1936 and 1937. Most were first released on 78 rpm records in 1937.  The Complete Recordings, released August 28, 1990, by Columbia Records, contains every recording Johnson is known to have made, except an alternate take of "Traveling Riverside Blues".

The Complete Recordings peaked at number 80 on the Billboard 200 chart. The album sold more than a million copies and won a Grammy Award in 1991 for "Best Historical Album." In 1992, the Blues Foundation inducted the album into the Blues Hall of Fame. The National Recording Preservation Board also included it in the Library of Congress's National Recording Registry in 2003. Eric Clapton and Keith Richards contributed to the album's liner notes with essays on Johnson's influence on their music.
Arhopala semperi
Arhopala semperi  is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by George Thomas Bethune-Baker in 1896. It is found in the Indomalayan realm (Borneo) and as A. s. russelli Eliot, 1962 in Peninsular Malaya.

A. semperi differs from tameanga in the black margin of the wings being broader in the male, but narrower in the female, particularly on the hindwing. Beneath the postmedian marginal band of the forewing is somewhat irregular, particularly in the males in some places expanded into clouds. It is uncertain whether the females with regular though darkened bands are correctly ranged here.

The specific name honours Georg Semper.

Indomalayan realm
The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms. It extends across most of South and Southeast Asia and into the southern parts of East Asia.

Also called the Oriental realm by biogeographers, Indomalaya spreads all over the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia to lowland southern China, and through Indonesia as far as Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Borneo, east of which lies the Wallace line, the realm boundary named after Alfred Russel Wallace which separates Indomalaya from Australasia. Indomalaya also includes the Philippines, lowland Taiwan, and Japan's Ryukyu Islands.

Most of Indomalaya was originally covered by forest, and includes tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, with tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests predominant in much of India and parts of Southeast Asia. The tropical forests of Indomalaya are highly variable and diverse, with economically important trees, especially in the families Dipterocarpaceae, Ficus, and Fabaceae.
Casimiro Monteiro
Casimiro Emérito Rosa Teles Jordão Monteiro (28 December 1920 – 25 January 1993), also known as Agente Monteiro, was a Portuguese covert operations military intelligence officer and law enforcement officer during the Estado Novo regime. He carried out state-sanctioned bombings and assassinations in Portugal, Mozambique and Goa. His actions were mostly focused against members of independence movements that existed in the Portuguese colonial empire.

As a PIDE agent, Monteiro tortured Indians in Goa (e.g. Mohan Ranade, an Indian independence activist) who were demanding the union of Portuguese India territories with the recently independent India. Monteiro is believed to have carried out the high-profile assassinations of Humberto Delgado and Eduardo Mondlane.

Following the Carnation Revolution in 1974, Monteiro lost his job and his immunity from prosecution. He received political asylum in South Africa and lived there in poverty as well as obscurity till his death.

Mohan Ranade
Mohan Ranade (born Manohar Apte; 25 December 1930 – 25 June 2019), was an Indian independence activist. He participated in Goa liberation movement, and spent fourteen years in Portuguese jail for the premeditated murder of a Goan policeman named Custodio Fernandes.
Banque Belgolaise
The Banque Belgo-Congolaise, abbreviated in 1965 as Banque Belgolaise, was a Brussels-based Belgian bank spun off in 1960 from the Banque du Congo Belge in the context of forthcoming Congolese independence. While retaining the brand Belgolaise, its registered name was changed to Banque Belgo-Zaïroise S.A. after 1971. It ceased operations in 2012 as it was wound down by its then owner BNP Paribas Fortis.

BNP Paribas Fortis
BNP Paribas Fortis is an international bank based in Belgium and a subsidiary of French banking group BNP Paribas. The bank was created in May 2009 after BNP Paribas acquired 75% of the Belgian Fortis Bank from the Federal Participation and Investment Company. It was formerly, together with Fortis Bank Nederland, the banking arm of the financial institution Fortis. After the ultimately unsuccessful ABN-AMRO takeover, the subprime mortgage crisis and subsequent 2008 financial crisis led to the sale of the Dutch and Luxembourg parts of the banking branch to the Dutch and Luxembourg governments. Fortis Bank itself was first partly bought by the Belgian government (for €4.7 billion), then fully purchased by the government and sold to BNP Paribas.
Axiomatic semantics
Axiomatic semantics is an approach based on mathematical logic for proving the correctness of computer programs. It is closely related to Hoare logic.

Axiomatic semantics define the meaning of a command in a program by describing its effect on assertions about the program state. The assertions are logical statements—predicates with variables, where the variables define the state of the program.

Hoare logic
Hoare logic (also known as Floyd–Hoare logic or Hoare rules) is a formal system with a set of logical rules for reasoning rigorously about the correctness of computer programs. It was proposed in 1969 by the British computer scientist and logician Tony Hoare, and subsequently refined by Hoare and other researchers. The original ideas were seeded by the work of Robert W. Floyd, who had published a similar system for flowcharts.
Firefighting foam
Firefighting foam is a foam used for fire suppression. Its role is to cool the fire and to coat the fuel, preventing its contact with oxygen, thus achieving suppression of the combustion. Firefighting foam was invented by the Moldovan engineer and chemist Aleksandr Loran in 1902.

The surfactants used must produce foam in concentrations of less than 1%. Other components of fire-retardant foams are organic solvents (e.g., trimethyl-trimethylene glycol and hexylene glycol), foam stabilizers (e.g., lauryl alcohol), and corrosion inhibitors.

2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol
2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol (MPD) is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2C(OH)CH2CH(OH)CH3.  This colourless liquid is a chiral diol.  It is produced industrially from diacetone alcohol by hydrogenation. Total European and USA production was 15000 tonnes in 2000.

2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol exists as two enantiomers, (4R)-(−) and (4S)-(+).  In the Protein Data Bank, the 3-letter code "MPD" refers to the (S)-(−) enantiomer, while "MRD" is used to refer to the (R)-(+) version.  Commercial products labeled "MPD" are usually the racemate, also sold as and referred to as "hexylene glycol".
Segredo River
The Segredo River (Portuguese: Rio Segredo) is a river in Brazil in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, a tributary of the left bank of the Humatã River.

It also forms part of the border between the municipalities of Ipê and Antônio Prado.

In September 2023, due to heavy rainfall, the Segredo River experienced a significant rise in its narrow bed, resulting in the erosion of the bridge abutment in the Caravaggio locality. The event caused structural damage to the bridge and the embankment on both banks.

Antônio Prado
Antônio Prado (pt-BR pronunciationⓘ) is a municipality located in the Serra Gaúcha region in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It boasts the largest collection of architectural heritage designated by IPHAN (the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage) related to Italian colonization in Brazil. Its population is estimated at 13,045 people.
Pyrenean Symphony
The Sinfonía pirenaica (Pyrenean Symphony), inspired by the Pyrenees, was composed by Jesús Guridi in 1945 and premiered on 8 February 1946 in Bilbao by the Bilbao Municipal Orchestra conducted by Jesús Arámbarri. Lasting c. 49 minutes, it consists of three movements:

Andante sostenuto — Allegro molto moderato

Presto ma non troppo

Allegro brioso

All three movements are based in the Sonata form, while the harmonic language reflects Basque folk music through the use of altered thirds and sevenths in a major tonality. While it is an abstract symphony lacking a programme, it usually comes close to the tone of a symphonic poem and it features descriptive effects.

Basque Country (greater region)
The Basque Country (Basque: Euskal Herria; Spanish: País Vasco; French: Pays basque; Occitan: Pais Basco) is the name given to the home of the Basque people. The Basque Country is located in the western Pyrenees, straddling the border between France and Spain on the coast of the Bay of Biscay.

Encompassing the Autonomous Communities of the Basque Country and Navarre in Spain and the Northern Basque Country in France, the region is home to the Basque people (Basque: Euskaldunak), their language (Basque: Euskara), culture and traditions. The area is neither linguistically nor culturally homogeneous, and certain areas have a majority of people who do not consider themselves Basque, such as the south of Navarre. The concept is still highly controversial, and the Supreme Court of Navarre has upheld a denial of government funding to school books that include the Navarre community within the Basque Country area.
Imani Jacqueline Brown
Imani Jacqueline Brown is a researcher and artist from New Orleans. She was a 2017 Whitney Biennial artist. In 2017, she was a U–jazdowski resident in Warsaw.

She uses her research to delve deeper into activism through her interest on the economic, social, and environmental wrongdoing of extractivism.

Open Society Foundations
Open Society Foundations (OSF), formerly the Open Society Institute, is an American grantmaking network founded by billionaire business magnate George Soros. OSF financially supports progressive organizations. As of 2025, OSF has reported expenditures in excess of $24.2 billion since its establishment in 1993. OSF has assets of over $23 billion, making it one of the world's largest foundations. It has offices in over a dozen countries. The New York Times described OSF as "a sprawling political and philanthropic empire that seeks to advance a liberal, democratic agenda around the globe".
Ambiya
Ambiya (Arabic: أمبيا) is a Syrian village in the Qatana District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Ambiya had a population of 412 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly from the Druze community.

Qatana District
Qatana District (Arabic: منطقة قطنا, romanized: minṭaqat Qaṭana) is a district of the Rif Dimashq Governorate in southern Syria.

The district is located just to the east of Mount Hermon. Administrative centre is the city of Qatana. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 207,245.
MTK Budapest FC
Magyar Testgyakorlók Köre Budapest Futball Club, often abbreviated to MTK, is a professional football club based in Józsefváros, Budapest, Hungary. The club currently plays in the Nemzeti Bajnokság I. The club's colours are blue and white. As one of the most successful Hungarian football clubs, MTK has won the Hungarian League 23 times and the Hungarian Cup 12 times. The club has also won the Hungarian Super Cup twice. In 1955, as Vörös Lobogó SE, they became the first Hungarian team to play in the European Cup and in 1964 they finished as runners-up in the European Cup Winners' Cup after losing to Sporting Clube de Portugal in the final.

The club founded the Sándor Károly Football Academy in 2001. The Academy also has a partnership agreement with English club Liverpool. MTK was established by the Hungarian Jewish community.

Józsefváros
Józsefváros (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈjoːʒɛfvaːroʃ], German: Josefstadt) is the 8th district of Budapest, Hungary. Historically one of the city's 18th–19th century outer suburbs, it is considered part of the broader city centre due to its proximity to Belváros (Inner City).
Livin', Lovin', Losin': Songs of the Louvin Brothers
Livin', Lovin', Losin': Songs of the Louvin Brothers is a tribute album to the music of The Louvin Brothers, released in 2003.

The Louvin Brothers were an American country music duo composed of brothers Ira Louvin and Charlie Louvin. They helped popularize close harmony, a genre of country music. Their partnership ended in 1963 with Charlie continuing a long and successful career as a solo artist. Ira died in an automobile accident in 1965 and Charlie died in 2011 from pancreatic cancer.

Charlie Louvin
Charles Elzer Loudermilk (July 7, 1927 – January 26, 2011), known professionally as Charlie Louvin, was an American country music singer and songwriter. He is best known as one of the Louvin Brothers, and was a member of the Grand Ole Opry since 1955.
Galina Talva
Galina Talva (born Galina Tzvetckoff; died 1968), was a Russian-American ballet dancer and actress. She was reportedly born in the Bronx to a Russian émigré. She had a sister, Natasha Seeleman (1921-2021). She appeared in Crime and Punishment on Broadway with John Gielgud. Talva most notably played Princess Maria in Irving Berlin's Call Me Madam, a Broadway musical comedy (1950) starring Ethel Merman, and sang on the original cast recording.

In 1953, she married Leon Volkov, a Soviet Russian Air Force colonel, who defected to the USA. They had two children and she retired. Talva died in 1968. Volkov went on to become Newsweek magazine's Soviet affairs specialist. Leon Volkov died on January 21, 1974.

Russian Air Force
The Russian Air Force (Russian: Военно-воздушные силы России, ВВС, romanized: Voenno-vozdushnye sily Rossii, VVS) is a branch of the Russian Aerospace Forces, which was formed on 1 August 2015, with the merging of the Russian Air Force and the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the reborn Russian armed forces began to be created on 7 May 1992 following Boris Yeltsin's creation of the Ministry of Defence. However, the Russian Federation's air force can trace its lineage and traditions back to the Imperial Russian Air Service (1912–1917) and the Soviet Air Forces (1918–1991).
Lai languages
The Lai languages or Pawih/Pawi languages are various Central Kuki-Chin-Mizo languages spoken by the Lai people or Pawi. They include “ Laiṭong” (Falam Chin) spoken in Falam district, Laiholh (Hakha-Chin) spoken around the Haka (Hakha/Halkha) capital of Chin State in Burma (Myanmar) and in the Lawngtlai district of Mizoram, India. In Bangladesh, a related language is spoken by the Bawm people. Other Lai languages are Mi-E (including Khualsim), and the Zokhua dialect of Hakha Lai spoken in Zokhua village.

Bawm people
The Bawm or Bawmzo (Bengali: বম), are an ethnic community inhabiting the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. According to the 2022 Bangladeshi census the population of Bawms in Bangladesh is 13,193. In 2004, around 10,000 Bawm inhabited India. 2,500 Bawms reside in Myanmar. They speak the Sino-Tibetan Bawm language.

The Bawm are victims in the Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict, especially in the continuation of it. Bawms are targeted by the Arakan Army.
Giovanni Natoli
The Prince Giovanni Forti Natoli or Gianforte Natoli  was a Sicilian nobleman, the son of Blasco Natoli Lanza and Domenica Giambruno Perna. He was baron of S. Bartolomeo and Belice. On 20 August 1597 he bought the barony of Sperlinga from Giovanni Ventimiglia, marquis of Gerace,: 453  for 30,834 ounces of gold.: 542  Natoli was granted a  licentia populandi cum privilegium aedificandi ("licence to populate and build") by the king of Sicily, Philip II of Spain. In 1627 he was made prince of Sperlinga by Philip IV of Spain.: 453

Natoli was married twice: first to Maria Cottone Aragona, daughter of Stefano, count of Bauso; and second, to Melchiora Orioles Moncada, daughter of Orazio, baron of San Pietro di Patti. With the latter he had a son, Francesco Natoli.: 453

Giovanni Natoli died on 15 July 1633.: 84

Villafranca Tirrena
Villafranca Tirrena is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Messina in the Italian region Sicily, located about 180 kilometres (110 mi) east of Palermo and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) northwest of Messina.

Villafranca Tirrena borders the following municipalities: Messina, Saponara.
Neo-Dada
Neo-Dada was an art movement with audio, visual and literary manifestations that had similarities in method or intent with earlier Dada artwork. It sought to close the gap between art and daily life, and was a combination of playfulness, iconoclasm, and appropriation. In the United States the term was popularized by Barbara Rose in the 1960s and refers primarily, although not exclusively, to work created in that and the preceding decade. There was also an international dimension to the movement, particularly in Japan and in Europe, serving as the foundation of Fluxus, Pop Art and Nouveau réalisme.

Neo-Dada has been exemplified by its use of modern materials, popular imagery, and absurdist contrast. It was a reaction to the personal emotionalism of Abstract Expressionism and, taking a lead from the practice of Marcel Duchamp and Kurt Schwitters, denied traditional concepts of aesthetics.

Marcel Duchamp
Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp (UK: /ˈdjuːʃɒ̃/, US: /djuːˈʃɒ̃, djuːˈʃɑːmp/; French: [maʁsɛl dyʃɑ̃]; 28 July 1887 – 2 October 1968) was a French American artist, chess player, and inventor who played a key role in the development of the avant-garde in the United States and in New York City, where he spent the last 25 years of his life.

Duchamp was the first artist to elevate a toilet to the status of an art form. By the time of World War I, he had rejected the work of many of his fellow artists (such as Henri Matisse) as "retinal," intended only to please the eye. Instead, he wanted to use art to serve the mind. He is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, as one of the three artists who helped to establish the post-industrial perspective in art history, and  his work is considered the progenitor of Conceptual art.
Legendary (TV series)
Legendary is an American voguing reality competition television series, exploring the world of ball culture. It premiered on HBO Max on May 27, 2020. The series follows LGBTQ house members—predominantly from eight to ten houses—as they navigate through nine balls (dancing/voguing/walking events), with US$100,000 prize for the winning house. As such, the series was praised by GLAAD for featuring queer and trans artists "from the New York ballroom scene."

In July 2020, HBO Max renewed the series for a second season. It premiered on May 6, 2021.

In June 2021, HBO Max renewed the series for a third season. It premiered on May 19, 2022.

After three seasons, HBO Max canceled the series in December 2022 and removed it from their streaming service. On January 31, 2023 it was announced that the series would be released on The Roku Channel and Tubi. As of August, 2025 all three seasons remain available on Tubi and Amazon Prime.

Tubi
Tubi (stylized as tubı) is an American over-the-top ad-supported streaming television service owned by Fox Corporation since 2020. The service was launched on April 1, 2014, and is based in San Francisco, California. In 2023, Tubi, Credible Labs, and a few other Fox digital assets were placed into a new division known as the Tubi Media Group.

In May 2024, it was reported to have 80 million monthly active users. In January 2025, Tubi reported to have 97 million monthly active users, and reached 100 million monthly active users in June 2025. The service was ranked 33rd in Fast Company's "The World's 50 Most Innovative Companies of 2025".
Der Ort des Terrors
Der Ort des Terrors. Geschichte der nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager ("The Place of Terror. History of the National Socialist Concentration Camps") is a nine-volume German encyclopedia series of Nazi Germany's camp system, published between 2005 and 2009 by Wolfgang Benz and Barbara Distel for C. H. Beck. It was edited by Angelika Königseder of the Zentrum für Antisemitismusforschung. The first volume deals with central issues concerning the Nazi camp system, volumes 2 to 7 contain articles on the main concentration camps and their subcamps in chronological order. Volume 8 deals with concentration and extermination camps in German-occupied Eastern Europe. Volume 9 also lists other types of camps in the Nazi forced labor camp system.

Center for Research on Antisemitism
The Center for Research on Antisemitism (Zentrum für Antisemitismusforschung, ZfA) at Technische Universität Berlin is a research centre dedicated to researching antisemitism. It was founded in 1982. Historian Wolfgang Benz headed the institute from 1990 to 2011.
Mosina, Stargard County
Mosina [mɔˈɕina] (German: Mössin) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobrzany, within Stargard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) north-west of Dobrzany, 23 km (14 mi) east of Stargard, and 52 km (32 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Dobrzany
Dobrzany [dɔˈbʐanɨ] (Kashubian: Jakùbòwò; German: Jacobshagen, or Jakobshagen) is a town in Stargard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. As of December 2021, the town has a population of 2,225. It is situated on the Pęzinka River and the northern shore of Szadzko Lake in the historic region of Pomerania.