hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Popular Magazine
The Popular Magazine was an early American literary magazine that ran for 612 issues from November 1903 to October 1931. It featured short fiction, novellas, serialized larger works, and even entire short novels. The magazine's subject matter ranged over a number of genres, although it tended somewhat towards men's adventure stories, particularly in the waning years of the publication when the vogue for hardboiled fiction was strong. The Popular Magazine touted itself as "a magazine for men and women who like to read about men." The magazine had its headquarters in New York City.

The Popular Magazine was published by Street & Smith and edited by Henry Harrison Lewis from 1903 to 1904, and Charles Agnew MacLean from 1904 to 1928. A typical bi-monthly issue usually ran from 194 to 224 pages.
In October 1931, The Popular Magazine was merged with another Street & Smith pulp, Complete Stories.

Literary magazine
A literary magazine is a periodical devoted to literature in a broad sense. Literary magazines usually publish a mix of fiction and non-fiction. Short stories and poetry are common literary forms published, but some magazines may publish serial literature—a novel which is revealed in sections over multiple issues. Non-fiction writing may be from staff of the literary magazine to make commentary about their magazine or about culture related to literature. Non-fiction from contributors may take the form of essays, literary criticism, book reviews, biographical profiles of authors, interviews, and letters. Literary magazines are often called literary journals (or little magazines) to contrast them with larger, commercial magazines.
Linda Godfrey
Linda Keren Godfrey is a South African engineer who is a Principal Scientist at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research in South Africa. She is a specialist in the circular economy. She was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering in 2025.

Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
South Africa portal

The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) is a South African scientific research and development (R&D) organisation. It was established by an act of parliament in 1945 and is situated on its campus in Pretoria. It is Africa's largest research and development organisation and accounts for about 10% of the entire African R&D budget. It has a staff of approximately 3,000 technical and scientific researchers.
Namibiavis
Namibiavis is an extinct genus of bird related to the hoatzin from early Middle Miocene (about 16 mya) deposits of Namibia. It was collected from Arrisdrift, southern Namibia. It was first named by Cécile Mourer-Chauviré in 2003 and the type species is Namibiavis senutae.

2003 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2003.
Harald Øveraas
Harald Eugen Øveraas (16 July 1927 – 9 February 2014) was a Norwegian trade unionist.

He hailed from Velfjord Municipality. He started working on the Nordland Line at the age of 15, and later worked in mines at Svalbard, Malm, and Løkken Verk. His first trade union post came in 1946 at Svalbard. He also worked at two construction sites as well as prison guard.

In 1966 he was hired as an information secretary in the Norwegian Union of General Workers. He was later elected as vice chairman in 1979, advancing to chairman in 1981 after the death of chairman Ole Flesvig. He served until 1991, and then chaired the Norwegian People's Aid for the next eight years.

He was a member of the Communist Party of Norway. He died in February 2014.

Velfjord Municipality
Velfjord is a former municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The 600-square-kilometre (230 sq mi) municipality existed from 1875 until its dissolution in 1964. Velfjord Municipality was centered around the Velfjorden in what is now Brønnøy Municipality. Most of the municipality is located on the mainland, but it also includes nearly 100 small islands, islet, and skjerries.  The administrative centre was the village of Hommelstø at the innermost part of the fjord. Velfjord Church, just west of Hommelstø, was the main church for the municipality.

Prior to its dissolution in 1963, the 600-square-kilometre (230 sq mi) municipality was the 165th largest by area out of the 689 municipalities in Norway. Velfjord Municipality was the 551st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 1,405. The municipality's population density was 2.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (6.0/sq mi) and its population had decreased by 17.4% over the previous 10-year period.
William Denis Browne
William Charles Denis Browne (3 November 1888 – 4 June 1915), primarily known as Billy to family and as Denis to his friends, was a British composer, pianist, organist and music critic of the early 20th century. He and his close friend, poet Rupert Brooke, were commissioned into the Royal Naval Division together shortly after the outbreak of the First World War.  Denis Browne was killed in action during the Gallipoli Campaign.

Rugby School
Rugby School is a private boarding school for pupils aged 13–18, located in the town of Rugby, Warwickshire in England.

Founded in 1567 as a free grammar school for local boys, it is one of the oldest independent schools in Britain. Up to 1667, the school remained in comparative obscurity. Its re-establishment by Thomas Arnold during his time as Headmaster, from 1828 to 1841, was seen as the forerunner of the Victorian public school. It was one of nine schools investigated by the Clarendon Commission of 1864 and later regulated as one of the seven schools included in the Public Schools Act 1868. Originally a boys' school, it became fully co-educational in 1992.

The school's alumni – or "Old Rugbeians" – include a UK prime minister, a French prime minister, several bishops, poets, scientists, writers and soldiers.

Rugby School is the birthplace of rugby football.
Ringdal
Ringdal is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Haakon Ringdal (born 1954), Norwegian businessman

Nils Johan Ringdal (1952–2008), Norwegian author and historian

Olav Ringdal (1921–1945), Norwegian resistance member

Nils Johan Ringdal
Nils Johan Ringdal (6 March 1952 – 11 September 2008) was a Norwegian author and historian, known mostly for his works on Norwegian occupation history and Norwegian cultural history, and for his controversial book "Nationaltheaterets Historie 1899-1999" (The History of the National Theater 1899-1999). Ringdal had been living in various countries in Southeast Asia since 1988, along with his domestic partner Georg Petersen. Ringdal was found dead on 11 September 2008 in Denpasar, Indonesia.
Komodo Armament D7CH
The Komodo Armament D7CH is a bolt-action sniper rifle produced by PT Komodo Armament Indonesia, chambered in 7.62x51 mm. The rifle is configurable to adapt and receive a wide array of accessories that are needed by the operator.

7.62×51mm NATO
The 7.62×51mm NATO (official NATO nomenclature 7.62 NATO) is a rimless, bottlenecked, centerfire rifle cartridge. It is a standard for small arms among NATO countries.

First developed in the 1940s, the cartridge had first been introduced in U.S. service in 1954 for the M14 rifle and M60 machine gun.

The later adoption of the 5.56×45mm NATO intermediate cartridge and assault rifles as standard infantry weapon systems by NATO militaries started a trend to phase out the 7.62×51mm NATO in that role.
Many other firearms that use the 7.62×51mm NATO fully powered cartridge remain in service today, especially various designated marksman rifles/sniper rifles and medium machine guns/general-purpose machine guns (e.g. M24 Sniper Rifle and M240 Medium Machine Gun). The cartridge is also used on mounted and crew-served weapons that are mounted to vehicles, aircraft, and ships.
Doris Langer
Doris Langer, née Walther (born 29 September 1938 in Weißenfels) is a retired East German high jumper.

She finished fifth at the 1962 Athletics Championships and was entered for the 1964 Olympic Games, but did not start.

She became East German champion in 1960, 1962, and 1963, won silver in 1964 and 1965 and bronze in 1966. She competed for the sports club SC Lok Leipzig/SC Leipzig during her active career.

1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig
1. Fußballclub Lokomotive Leipzig e.V. is a German football club based in Probstheida in the Südost borough of Leipzig, Saxony. The club was previously known as VfB Leipzig and was the first national champion of Germany. It has also been known as SC Leipzig. The club won four titles in the FDGB-Pokal and the 1965–66 Intertoto Cup during the East German era. It also finished runner-up in the 1986–87 European Cup Winners' Cup. 1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig was renamed VfB Leipzig after German re-unification and managed to qualify for the Bundesliga in 1993. However, like many clubs of the former DDR-Oberliga, VfB Leipzig faced financial difficulties in reunified Germany and a steady decline soon followed. 1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig was relaunched in 2003 and began climbing through the divisions. As of 2021, the team competes in the fourth-tier division, Regionalliga Nordost. The 1. in front of the club's name indicates that it was the first to be founded in the city.
Enid Wyn Jones
Enid Wyn Jones (17 January 1909 – 15 September 1967) was a Welsh nurse, pacifist and Justice of the Peace.

Jones was born in Wrexham, the daughter of Dr. David Llewelyn Williams and Margaret Williams. Her younger brother  Alun went on to become a poet. Just before World War I, she moved with her family to Cardiff but re-located to Rhyl where she was brought up during the war. She attended Ashford Welsh Girls' school from 1919-1926 and trained as a nurse at Cardiff Royal Infirmary.

On 9 September 1936, she married Emyr Wyn Jones of Waunfawr, Caernarfon, who was a cardiologist and physician at Liverpool Royal Infirmary. They had a son and a daughter. She travelled extensively throughout Wales and England due to her work but her home was at Llety'r Eros, Llansannan. She was a Justice of the Peace in Denbighshire for 12 years until her death and her work primarily surrounded religious, social and medical fields in England and Wales. She was a member of the Quaker church.

Llansannan
Llansannan is a rural village and community in Conwy County Borough, Wales. It lies on the bank of the River Aled and is about 8 miles to the south of Abergele and 9 miles (14 km) to the west of Denbigh. The population was 1,291 in 2001, with 67% able to speak Welsh. The figures for the 2011 census were: population 1,335 with 63% able to speak Welsh.
The community includes the hamlets of Bylchau, Rhydgaled and Y Groes, and the lake Llyn Aled and reservoir Aled Isaf on Mynydd Hiraethog. Llansannan is in the traditional county of Denbighshire.
History of the Japanese in Metro Detroit
In 2002, there were 6,413 people of Japanese origin, including Japanese citizens and Japanese Americans, in the Wayne-Oakland-Macomb tri-county area in Metro Detroit, making them the fifth-largest Asian ethnic group there. In that year, within an area stretching from Sterling Heights to Canton Township in the shape of a crescent, most of the ethnic Japanese lived in the center. In 2002, the largest populations of ethnic Japanese people were located in Novi and West Bloomfield Township. In April 2013, the largest Japanese national population in the State of Michigan was in Novi, with 2,666 Japanese residents. West Bloomfield had the third-largest Japanese population and Farmington Hills had the fourth largest Japanese population.

West Bloomfield Township, Michigan
West Bloomfield Township (commonly known simply as West Bloomfield) is a charter township in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. A northwestern suburb of Detroit, West Bloomfield is located roughly 27 miles (43.5 km) from downtown Detroit. As of the 2020 census, the township had a population of 65,888.
J. R. Monterose
J. R. Monterose (January 19, 1927 – September 16, 1993), born Frank Anthony Peter Vincent Monterose, Jr., was an American jazz saxophonist, playing mainly tenor and occasionally soprano.

Monterose is not to be confused with tenor saxophonist Jack Montrose.

Soprano saxophone
The soprano saxophone is a small, high-pitched member of the saxophone family of woodwind instruments invented in the 1840s by Belgian instrument maker Adolphe Sax. Built in B♭, an octave above the tenor saxophone (or rarely, slightly smaller in C), the soprano is the smallest of the four saxophones in common use (the others being the alto, tenor and baritone), although there are smaller rare instruments such as the soprillo and sopranino.
Olivetol
Olivetol is an organic compound with the formula C5H11C6H3(OH)2.  Several isomers exist; olivetol has the two hydroxyl and the pentyl groups located at the 1,3, and 5 positions on the benzene ring.  It is a colorless solid that is soluble in a variety of organic solvents.  It is found in certain species of lichen. It is also a precursor in various syntheses of tetrahydrocannabinol.

Precursor (chemistry)
In chemistry, a precursor is a compound that participates in a chemical reaction that produces another compound.

In biochemistry, the term "precursor" often refers more specifically to a chemical compound preceding another in a metabolic pathway, such as a protein precursor.
Dual mode propulsion rocket
Dual mode propulsion systems combine the high efficiency of bipropellant rockets with the reliability and simplicity of monopropellant rockets.

Dual mode systems are either hydrazine/nitrogen tetroxide, or monomethylhydrazine/hydrogen peroxide (the former is much more common). Typically, this system works as follows: During the initial high-impulse orbit-raising maneuvers, the system operates in a bipropellant fashion, providing high thrust at higher specific impulse; when it arrives on orbit, it closes off either the fuel or oxidizer, and conducts the remainder of its mission in a simple, predictable monopropellant fashion.

Dinitrogen tetroxide
Dinitrogen tetroxide, commonly referred to as nitrogen tetroxide (NTO), and occasionally (usually among ex-USSR/Russian rocket engineers) as amyl, is the chemical compound N2O4. It is a useful reagent in chemical synthesis. It forms an equilibrium mixture with nitrogen dioxide. Its molar mass is 92.011 g/mol.

Dinitrogen tetroxide is a powerful oxidizer that is hypergolic (spontaneously reacts) upon contact with various forms of hydrazine, which has made the pair a common bipropellant for rockets.
Margarida Mano
Margarida Isabel Mano Tavares Simões Lopes (born 3 December 1963) is a Portuguese politician who served as Minister of Education and Science in 2015. Mano has a master's degree in economics from the University of Coimbra and a PhD in management from the University of Southampton. She is a member of the Social Democratic Party and was elected to the Assembly of the Republic by the Coimbra constituency in 2015.

Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)
The Assembly of the Republic (Portuguese: Assembleia da República, pronounced [ɐsẽˈblɐjɐ ðɐ ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ]), commonly referred to as simply Parliament (Portuguese: Parlamento), is the unicameral parliament of Portugal. According to the Constitution of Portugal, the parliament "is the representative assembly of all Portuguese citizens". The constitution names the assembly as one of the country's sovereignty bodies.

It meets in São Bento Palace, the historical site of an old Benedictine monastery. The palace has been the seat of the Portuguese parliaments since 1834 (Cortes until 1910, Congress from 1911 to 1926 and National Assembly from 1933 to 1974).
Tamuzan
Tamuzan (Persian: تموزان, also Romanized as Tamūzān; also known as Towmīzān and Tumizān) is a village in Darjazin-e Olya Rural District, Qorveh-e Darjazin District, Razan County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 200, in 49 families.

Dargazin-e Olya Rural District
Dargazin-e Olya Rural District (Persian: دهستان درگزین علیا) is in Shahanjarin District of Dargazin County, Hamadan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Shavand. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Changarin, now the city of Shahanjarin.
Colin Chin
Colin Chin (born August 28, 1961) is a retired American professional ice hockey player.

Chin played 11 seasons of professional hockey, including 10 seasons and 660 games with his hometown club the Fort Wayne Komets of the International Hockey League (IHL). He and helped the Komets capture the 1992–93 Turner Cup, and also served as a player coach for the Komets during the 1994–95 IHL season.

On November 17, 2007, Chin was inducted into the Komet Hall of Fame. His jersey number #26 was retired on November 17, 2007.

International Hockey League
The International Hockey League (IHL) was a minor professional ice hockey league in the United States and Canada that operated from 1945 to 2001. The IHL served as the National Hockey League (NHL)'s alternate farm system to the American Hockey League (AHL). After 56 years of operation, financial instability led to the league's demise. Six of the surviving seven teams merged into the AHL in 2001.
Karim Kerkar
Karim Kerkar (born 3 January 1977) is a professional footballer who currently plays for Ajman Club in the UAE Football League. Born in Givors, Rhône, France, he represented Algeria at international level.

UAE Super Cup
The UAE Super Cup (Arabic: كأس السوبر الإماراتي) and Charity Champions Cup in the first edition (1989–90), is the curtain raiser of the United Arab Emirates football season. It is played between the previous season's Pro-League winners and President's Cup Winners.

The first edition was played on 14 September 2008.
Samuel Dahan
Samuel Dahan (born 25 November, 1984) is a law professor at Queen's University at Kingston, Canada, and the Founding Director of the Conflicts Analytics Lab, a research consortium focusing on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in law, compliance matters, and dispute resolution. He is known for pioneering open-source legal technology platforms, including OpenJustice, the Deel AI Classifier, and MyOpenCourt.

Dahan's research lies at the intersection of legal AI, employment law, dispute resolution and negotiations. He also holds visiting faculty positions at Cornell University, Paris Dauphine University, Ecole Nationale d’Administration (ENA), and Harvard University.

Labour law
Labour laws (also spelled as labor laws), labour code or employment laws are laws that mediate the relationship between workers, employing entities, trade unions, and the government. Collective labour law relates to the tripartite relationship between employee, employer, and union.

Individual labour law concerns employees' rights at work also through the contract for work. Employment standards are social norms (in some cases also technical standards) for the minimum socially acceptable conditions under which employees or contractors are allowed to work. Government agencies (such as the former US Employment Standards Administration) enforce labour law (legislature, regulatory, or judicial).
Be'erotayim
Be'erotayim (Hebrew: בארותיים) is a moshav in central Israel. Located in the Sharon plain and covering 3,500 dunams, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hefer Valley Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 1,179.

Sharon plain
32°24′00″N 34°52′59″E﻿ / ﻿32.400°N 34.883°E﻿ / 32.400; 34.883

The Sharon plain (Hebrew: הַשָּׁרוֹן, romanized: HaSharon; Arabic: سهل الشارون, romanized: Sahl al-Shārūn) is the central section of the Israeli coastal plain. The name Sharon is derived from the Akkadian word "A-Sharanu" which literally translates to a "thick forest," which the area was until its deforestation in the late 19th century. The plain lies between the Mediterranean Sea to the west and the Samarian Hills, 15 km (9.3 mi) to the east. It stretches from Nahal Taninim, a stream marking the southern end of Mount Carmel in the north, to the Yarkon River in the south, at the northern limit of Tel Aviv, over a total of about 90 km (56 mi). The level of the Sharon plain is connected to the level of the Mediterranean Sea by the Sharon Escarpment.

Parts of the plain are included in the Central, Haifa and Tel Aviv Districts of Israel.
Zinc finger nuclease treatment of HIV
Since antiretroviral therapy requires a lifelong treatment regimen, research to find more permanent cures for HIV infection is currently underway. It is possible to synthesize zinc finger nucleotides with zinc finger components that selectively (almost selectively) bind to specific portions of DNA. Conceptually, targeting and editing could focus on host cellular co-receptors for HIV or on proviral HIV DNA.

Histidine
Histidine (symbol His or H) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated –NH3+ form under biological conditions), a carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated –COO− form under biological conditions), and an imidazole side chain (which is partially protonated), classifying it as a positively charged amino acid at physiological pH. Initially thought essential only for infants, it has now been shown in longer-term studies to be essential for adults also. It is encoded by the codons CAU and CAC.

Histidine was first isolated by Albrecht Kossel and Sven Gustaf Hedin in 1896. The name stems from its discovery in tissue, from ἱστός histós "tissue". It is also a precursor to histamine, a vital inflammatory agent in immune responses. The acyl radical is histidyl.
2025 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships – Doubles
Fernando Romboli and John-Patrick Smith defeated Federico Agustín Gómez and Santiago González in the final, 6–1, 6–4 to win the doubles tennis title at the 2025 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships. It was the second ATP Tour doubles title for both players.

Max Purcell and Jordan Thompson were the two-time reigning champions, but Purcell did not participate this year as he was serving a voluntary provisional suspension. Thompson partnered Rinky Hijikata, but they lost in the quarterfinals to Matthew Romios and Adam Walton.

Rinky Hijikata
Rinky Hijikata (土方 凛輝; born 23 February 2001) is an Australian professional tennis player. His most notable results are in doubles, where he has been ranked world No. 23 in October 2023 by the ATP. He also has a best singles ranking of No. 62, reached on 26 August 2024. He won the major doubles title at the 2023 Australian Open, with countryman Jason Kubler.
2002 Australian Open – Men's singles
Thomas Johansson defeated Marat Safin in the final, 3–6, 6–4, 6–4, 7–6(7–4) to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2002 Australian Open. It was his first and only major title. Johansson was the first Swede to win a major since Stefan Edberg in 1992.

Andre Agassi was the two-time reigning champion, but did not participate due to a wrist injury.

The 2002 edition of the Australian Open marked the first time that the top two seeds lost in the first round, and the first such occurrence of this at any major since the 1990 French Open. Top seed (and home favorite) Lleyton Hewitt lost to Alberto Martín, while second seed Gustavo Kuerten lost to Julien Boutter.

Alberto Martín
Alberto Martín Magret (Spanish pronunciation: [alˈβeɾto maɾˈtim maˈɣɾet]; born 20 August 1978) is a retired tennis player from Spain. He won three singles titles and reached five Masters Series quarterfinals on clay.