hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
American Studio Woodturning Movement
The American Studio Woodturning Movement can be traced back through diverse international movements and schools of thought, including Arts and Crafts, Mingei, Bauhaus and Scandinavian Design. The field was born when a number of individuals, working in different parts of the United States, began to explore design and aesthetics utilizing the ancient process of woodturning.

Scandinavian design
Scandinavian design is a design movement characterized by simplicity, minimalism and functionality that emerged in the early 20th century, and subsequently flourished in the 1950s throughout the five Nordic countries: Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, and Iceland.

Scandinavian designers are known especially for household goods including furniture, textiles, ceramics, lamps, and glass, but Scandinavian design has been extended to industrial design such as of consumer electronics, mobile phones, and cars.
Farida Abdulla Khan
Farida Abdulla Khan (born 7 December 1951) is currently  a professor in the Department of Educational Studies at Jamia Millia Islamia (JMI), Delhi, India. She is also the managing editor of Contemporary Dialogue in Education by Sage. Earlier, She was a former Dean of Education at JMI.

Khan earned a masters in developmental psychology from the City University of New York in 1989 and a PhD in developmental psychology at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York in 1994. She has taught in many institutes, including Delhi University and Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU). In 2011, she was appointed as a member of the Task Force on Research and Evaluation by National Advisory Council. Since 2013, she has also been a member of the National Commission for Minorities. She actively writes on Kashmir issues and educational issues of backward communities and minorities.

Jawaharlal Nehru University
Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU; ISO: Javāharalāla Neharū Viśvavidyālaya) is a public research university located in Delhi, India. It was established in 1969 and named after Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first Prime Minister. The university is known for leading faculties and research emphasis on social sciences and applied sciences.
Martin Bolsover
Martin Bolsover is a British racing driver. He won the British Hill Climb Championship three times driving a Pilbeam, his titles coming in successive years (1982-1983-1984). He was also well known for holding the sportscar record at Shelsley Walsh for twenty years, finally losing it to Nic Mann in 2004.
 Bolsover won the Autosport Award for "British Club Driver of the Year" in both 1982 and 1983.

Shelsley Walsh Speed Hill Climb
The Shelsley Walsh Speed Hill Climb is a hillclimb in Shelsley Walsh, Worcestershire, England, organised by the Midland Automobile Club (MAC). It is the third oldest motorsport events in the world, and is the oldest to have been staged continuously (wartime excepted) on its original course, first having been run in 1905. On that first occasion, the course was 992 yards (907 m) in length, but in 1907 it was standardised at 1000 yards (914 m), the length it remains today.

Shelsley Walsh is a notably steep course by the standards of today's hillclimbs held in the United Kingdom. It rises 328 feet (100 m) during its length, for an average gradient of 1 in 9.14 (10.9%), with the steepest section being as much as 1 in 6.24 (16%). This makes Shelsley a hill on which power is important, and on which the gap in times between the most powerful cars and the rest is greater than at many other venues. It is also narrow, being no more than 12 feet (3.66 m) wide at some points.
Liénard
Liénard is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

François Liénard de la Mivoye (1782–1862), French-Mauritian naturalist

Édouard Liénard (1779–1848), French painter

Alfred-Marie Liénard (1869–1958), French physicist and engineer

Michel Joseph Napoléon Liénard (1810–1870), sculptor from France

Daniel Liénard de Beaujeu, French officer during the Seven Years' War

Yann Lienard (born 2003), French footballer

Liénard–Wiechert potential describes the electromagnetic effect of a moving electric charge

Liénard equation, type of differential equation, after the French physicist Alfred-Marie Liénard

Liénard equation
In mathematics, more specifically in the study of dynamical systems and differential equations, a Liénard equation is a type of second-order ordinary differential equation named after the French physicist Alfred-Marie Liénard.

During the development of radio and vacuum tube technology, Liénard equations were intensely studied as they can be used to model oscillating circuits. Under certain additional assumptions Liénard's theorem guarantees the uniqueness and existence of a limit cycle for such a system. A Liénard system with piecewise-linear functions can also contain homoclinic orbits.
Northern Colorado Water Conservancy District
The Northern Colorado Water Conservancy District — more commonly referred to as Northern Water — is a water utility for eight counties in northeastern Colorado. Northern Water works with the Colorado-Big Thompson Project to transfer water from the Colorado Western Slope over the Continental Divide for agricultural, industrial, and municipal water supply in northeastern Colorado. The District's offices are in Berthoud, Colorado.

Continental Divide of the Americas
The Continental Divide of the Americas (also known as the Great Divide, the Western Divide or simply the Continental Divide; Spanish: Divisoria continental de América, Gran Divisoria) is the principal, and largely mountainous, hydrological divide of the Americas. The Continental Divide extends from the Bering Strait to the Strait of Magellan, and separates the watersheds that drain into the Pacific Ocean from those river systems that drain into the Atlantic and Arctic Ocean, including those that drain into the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, and Hudson Bay.

Although there are many other hydrological divides in the Americas, the Continental Divide is by far the most prominent of these because it tends to follow a line of high peaks along the main ranges of the Rocky Mountains and Andes, at a generally much higher elevation than the other hydrological divisions.
Bagnotar
Bagnotar is a union council of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Bagnator is situated on the Abbottabad-Nathi Gali Road some 18 kilometers away from Abbottabad. According to the 2023 census the total population was 16,638 of which 8,448 were male and 8,190 female. The area is popular with domestic tourists who are keen to see snowfall and enjoy other activities.

Abbottabad District
Abbottabad District (Hindko, Urdu: ضِلع ایبٹ آباد) is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is part of the Hazara Division and covers an area of 1,969 square kilometres (760 mi2), with the city of Abbottabad being the principal town. Neighbouring districts include Mansehra to the north and Haripur to the west in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Muzaffarabad to the east in Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Rawalpindi to the south in the Punjab province. According to the 2023 Pakistani census, the population of Abbottabad District is 1,397,587.
Mark Harwood
Mark Harwood (born 8 April 1978) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Port Adelaide in the Australian Football League (AFL).

Harwood was the third player selected by Port Adelaide in the 1996 National Draft and ninth overall. The Tasmanian recruit didn't feature at all in the 1997 AFL season, but played six games in 1998, 13 in 1999, nine in 2000 and two games in 2001 as injuries curtailed his career.

In the South Australian National Football League (SANFL), Harwood played for three clubs during his career; South Adelaide, Glenelg and the Port Adelaide Magpies.

South Adelaide Football Club
The South Adelaide Football Club, nicknamed the Panthers, is an Australian rules football club based in the Adelaide suburb of Noarlunga Downs. The club competes in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL) with Magain Stadium as its home ground.

The Panthers have won 11 senior men's premierships, their last being in 1964. The club is a dominant force in women's football, having won a record four women's league premierships, including back-to-back triumphs in 2018-2019 and 2024-2025.

South Adelaide Football Club is the owner of South Adelaide Netball Club and South Adelaide Volleyball Club, with all three clubs now under the Panthers brand. The partnership between these clubs is seen as an initiative to establish South Adelaide as the sporting hub for the southern community.
Simon Mbatshi Batshia
Simon Mbatshi Batshia (born 24 May 1949) is a politician from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He was the Governor of Bas-Congo province from February 2007 to March 2012, when he was elected as a deputy to the National Assembly. Batshia is also a consultant in conflict resolution at the Centre for Conflict Resolution, based in Cape Town, South Africa, and is a member of the South African Institute for International Affairs.

In 2007, Batshia ordered the opening of the border between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the neighboring Republic of the Congo at Luozi, which had been closed for ten years, to increase trade among people living near the border.

Luozi
Luozi is a community in Kongo Central province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.  It is the seat of the Luozi Territory within Cataractes District.
As of 2012 the town's population was estimated to be 13,855.
1992–93 FIBA Women's European Champions Cup
The 1992–93 FIBA Women's European Champions Cup was the 35th edition of the competition. It was won by defending champion Popular Basquet Godella beating Ginnastica Comense in the final. MBK Ružomberok and Challes Savoie Basket also reached the Final Four, with the Slovaks ranking third.

ASDG Comense 1872
Associazione Sportiva Dilettantistica Ginnastica Comense 1872 is an Italian multisports club from Como with athletics, basketball, fencing and gymnastics sections. It is best known for its women's basketball team, also known as Pool Comense 1872.

Pool Comense is the most successful team in the Italian Championship with sixteen titles between 1950 and 2004. The 1990s were the team's golden era, winning nine national championships in a row between 1991 and 1999 and two Euroleagues in 1994 and 1995 from five appearances in the final between 1993 and 1999.

Comense last played the Euroleague in 2003. Most recently it was 6th in the 2011 championship.
Franz-Josef Ulm
Franz-Josef Ulm (born March 9, 1964 in Fürth/Bavaria, West Germany) is a structural engineer, an engineering scientist and a professor since 1999. He is Professor of Civil & Environmental Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), the Faculty Director of the Concrete Sustainability Hub (CSHub@MIT). He is credited for discovering the nanogranular structure of calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H), the binding phase of concrete, and for the development of concepts of nanoengineering of concrete which combine advanced nanomechanics experiments with molecular simulation results. He advocates for environmentally sustainable engineering, with "greener" concrete with lower CO2 footprint, to reduce the carbon footprint of concrete; to enhance concrete's resilience; and reduce its impact on global warming.

Sustainable engineering
Sustainable engineering is the process of designing or operating systems such that they use energy and resources sustainably, in other words, at a rate that does not compromise the natural environment, or the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
The Bits We're Least Ashamed of
The Bits We're Least Ashamed of is the debut album of material by Australian comedians, Tom and Alex. The album is a compilation from their Triple J breakfast show, released in April 2013.

At the ARIA Music Awards of 2013 the album won the ARIA Award for Best Comedy Release.

Tom Ballard (comedian)
Thomas Colin Ballard (born 26 November 1989) is an Australian comedian, broadcaster, actor, and writer. Starting out in radio, he became known as a Triple J host, along with his friend Alex Dyson, over seven years with the station. He is known for his stand-up comedy, as a host of podcasts, and as television presenter, such as the 2017 ABC Television comedy show Tonightly with Tom Ballard. He is author of the 2022 book I, Millennial: One Snowflake's Screed Against Boomers, Billionaires and Everything Else.
Elworth
Elworth is a village in the Cheshire East district of Cheshire, England. It is also a suburb of the town of Sandbach, located approximately one mile eastward.

Elworth is known for its industrial past, having historically been the home of Foden's HGV manufacturers. The village also features two churches, Mount Pleasant Methodist Church and St Peter's Church of England, the latter of which was designed by John Matthews; Elworth also features Sandbach railway station, which is on the line betweenCrewe and Manchester.

Crewe
Crewe (/kruː/ ⓘ) is a railway town and civil parish in the unitary authority of Cheshire East, in Cheshire, England. At the 2021 census, the parish had a population of 55,318 and the built-up area had 76,437. The town is best known as a large railway junction and home to Crewe Works; for many years, it was a major railway engineering facility for manufacturing and overhauling locomotives, but is now much reduced in size. From 1946 until 2002, it was also the home of Rolls-Royce motor car production. The Pyms Lane factory on the west of the town now exclusively produces Bentley motor cars. Crewe is 158 miles (254 km) north-west of London, 28 miles (45 km) south of Manchester city centre and 31 miles (50 km) south-east of Liverpool city centre.
USWNT All-Time Best XI
In December 2013, the USWNT All-Time Best XI was named by the United States Soccer Federation. A committee of 56 former soccer players and administrators, as well as media members, voted for the team. 11 United States women's national soccer team players were chosen, with results leaning heavily toward the team that won the 1999 World Cup. Mia Hamm and Joy Fawcett were unanimously voted into the Best XI, while Alex Morgan, the team’s youngest player (24), was named on 15 ballots.

For the complete list of the players nominated, see USWNT All-Time Best XI.

Joy Fawcett
Joy Lynn Fawcett (née Biefeld; born February 8, 1968) is an American soccer coach and former professional player. She earned 241 caps with the United States women's national soccer team and retired in 2004 as the highest scoring defender in team history. Fawcett was a founding member of the WUSA and was elected for induction into the National Soccer Hall of Fame in 2009. She was in the movie Soccer Mom as herself.
Belgian comics
Belgian comics are a distinct subgroup in the comics history, and played a major role in the development of European comics, alongside France with whom they share a long common history. While the comics in the two major language groups and regions of Belgium (Flanders with the Dutch language and Wallonia with French) each have clearly distinct characteristics, they are constantly influencing one another, and meeting each other in Brussels and in the bilingual publication tradition of the major editors. As one of the few arts where Belgium has had an international and enduring impact in the 20th century, comics are known to be "an integral part of Belgian culture".

Albert Uderzo
Alberto Aleandro Uderzo (Italian: [alˈbɛrto aleˈandro uˈdɛrtso]; 25 April 1927 – 24 March 2020), better known as Albert Uderzo (French: [albɛʁ ydɛʁzo]), was a French comic book artist and scriptwriter. He is best known as the co-creator and illustrator of the Astérix series in collaboration with René Goscinny. He also drew other comics such as Oumpah-pah, again with Goscinny.
Uderzo retired in September 2011.
Paul Héroult
Paul (Louis-Toussaint) Héroult (10 April  1863 – 9 May 1914) was a French scientist. He was one of the inventors of the Hall-Héroult process for smelting aluminium, and developed the first successful commercial electric arc furnace. He lived in Thury-Harcourt, Normandy.

Steel mill
A steel mill or steelworks is an industrial plant for the manufacture of steel. It may be an integrated steel works carrying out all steps of steelmaking from smelting iron ore to rolled product, but may also be a plant where steel semi-finished casting products are made from molten pig iron or from scrap.
International Student House of Washington, D.C.
The International Student House of Washington, D.C., abbreviated as I-House DC (formerly abbreviated as ISH-DC, pronounced /ɪʃ/ ish), is a residence at 1825 R St. NW in the Dupont Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C., which houses primarily domestic and international students and young professionals studying or interning in the city. It is run by a nonprofit organization, International Student House Inc. It is home to up to 96 people at any given time and has more than 20,000 alumni. The residence also hosts events for residents and outside groups in its great hall, and serves breakfast and dinner to residents during weekdays.

Young professional
The term young professional generally refers to young people between 20 and 40 who are employed in a profession or white-collar occupation.  The meaning may be ambiguous and has evolved from its original narrow meaning of a young person in a professional field. Although derivative of the term 'yuppie', it has grown into its own set of meanings.
Rhinehart Ranch
Rhinehart Ranch, also known as Spring Valley Ranch, is a historic home located near Eminence, Shannon County, Missouri.  It was built in 1907, and is a two-story vernacular I-house with a one-story rear wing.  It features a double verandah on the front facade.: 2

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Shannon County, Missouri
Shannon County is a county in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,031. Its county seat is Eminence. The county was officially organized on January 29, 1841, and was named in honor of George F. "Peg-Leg" Shannon, a member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. It is the second-largest county by area in Missouri.

Missouri's first copper mine was opened in Shannon County in 1846 and Missouri's only manganese mine was opened here during World War II.

As of the 2000 census, Shannon County ranked 78th on the list of counties with the lowest per capita income and 46th on the list of counties with the lowest median household incomes in the United States, making it the poorest county in Missouri.
WCST
WCST can refer to:

WCST (AM), a radio station (1010 AM) located in Berkeley Springs, West Virginia, United States

WCST-FM, a radio station (98.7 FM) located in Pocatalico, West Virginia, United States

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, a neuropsychological test

WXDC, a radio station (92.9 FM) in Berkeley Springs, West Virginia, United States, which held the call sign WCST-FM from 1965 to 1996

WCST (AM)
WCST (1010 kHz) is a commercial talk and sports radio formatted broadcast AM radio station licensed to Berkeley Springs, West Virginia, serving Berkeley Springs and Morgan County, West Virginia. WCST is owned by John and David Raese's WVRC Media, through licensee West Virginia Radio Corporation of the Alleghenies. WCST simulcasts Martinsburg, West Virginia-based sister-station WEPM.
Hu Yan
Hu Yan (715–629 BC) was a Di tribesman who served as a minister and general of Jin during the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history. Hu Yan assisted Prince Chong'er (posthumously the "Wen Duke") during his long exile, his usurpation of his nephew Yu, and his rise to hegemonic status over the other states of the Zhou Kingdom. The Legalist Han Fei considered Hu Yan one of the best advisors of ancient China, and the historian Sima Qian listed him with Sun Tzu as the greatest tacticians of the age.

Spring and Autumn period
The Spring and Autumn period (c. 770 – c. 481 BCE) was a period in Chinese history corresponding roughly to the first half of the Eastern Zhou (c. 771 – 256 BCE), characterized by the gradual erosion of royal power as local lords nominally subject to the Zhou exercised increasing political autonomy. The period's name derives from the Spring and Autumn Annals, a chronicle of the state of Lu between 722 and 481 BCE, which tradition associates with Confucius (551–479 BCE).

During this period, local polities negotiated their own alliances, waged wars against one another, up to defying the king's court in Luoyi. The gradual Partition of Jin, one of the most powerful states, is generally considered to mark the end of the Spring and Autumn period and the beginning of the Warring States period. The periodization dates to the late Western Han (c. 48 BCE – 9 CE).
Duke Ling of Qi
Duke Ling of Qi (Chinese: 齊靈公; pinyin: Qí Líng Gōng), personal name Lü Huan, was a duke of the Qi state, reigning from 581 BC to 554 BC. He succeeded his father, Duke Qing, and was in turn succeeded by one of his sons, Duke Zhuang II.

Qi (state)
Qi, or Ch'i in Wade–Giles romanization,  was a regional state of the Zhou dynasty in ancient China, whose rulers held titles of Hou (侯), then Gong (公), before declaring themselves independent Kings (王). Its capital was Linzi, located in present-day Shandong. Qi was founded shortly after the Zhou conquest of Shang, c. 1046 BCE. Its first monarch was Jiang Ziya (Lord Tai; r. 1046–1015 BCE), minister of King Wen and a legendary figure in Chinese culture. His family ruled Qi for several centuries before it was replaced by the Tian family in 386 BCE. Qi was the final surviving state to be annexed by Qin during its unification of China.
Eric Arnold Temple-Perkins
Arnold Eric Temple-Perkins (1890 – 20 June 1972) was a New Zealand-born government official, big game hunter and game ranger in Uganda.

He also served as the 11th president of the Uganda Society between 1942 and 1943.

The Uganda Society
The Uganda Society is a cultural, and scientific society in Uganda that was founded in 1923. The society was established to promote the study of Uganda's history, culture, and natural history.

The society has a library and archives that contain information on Uganda's history, culture, and natural history. The society also publishes a journal, The Uganda Journal.
Tornaghi
Tornaghi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alessia Tornaghi (born 2003), Italian figure skater

Enea Tornaghi (1830–after 1885), Italian painter

Paolo Tornaghi (born 1988), Italian footballer

Alessia Tornaghi
Alessia Tornaghi (born 3 July 2003) is an Italian figure skater who currently competes for Bosnia and Herzegovina.

She is a two-time Italian national champion and the 2019 Golden Bear of Zagreb champion. On the junior level, she is the 2019 JGP Italy bronze medalist.
Cycling at the 2004 Summer Paralympics – Men's individual pursuit (B1–3)
The Men's individual pursuit tandem B1-3 track cycling event at the 2004 Summer Paralympics was competed on 18 & 19 September. It was won by Kieran Modra and his sighted pilot Robert Crowe, representing  Australia.

Robert Crowe (cyclist)
Robert Colville Crowe, OAM (born 19 November 1968) is an Australian Champion Cyclist who competed in the 1992 Barcelona Olympics and as Kieran Modra's pilot in the 2004 Athens Paralympics. He also directs the popular indoor cycling engine-training school at Ridewiser in Melbourne, Australia.