hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Touching heads
Touching heads is an emotional expression.

It is absent in other apes, though they tend to use the same bodily expressions of emotions like humans. A 2012 study claimed that this behavior likely evolved in humans to share head lice among friends and relatives. Head lice infestations might serve as a protection against body lice by inducing cross-resistance. This can be adaptive because only the latter type of lice transmit potentially lethal human pathogens.

Behavior
Behavior (American English) or behaviour (British English) is the range of actions of organisms, individuals, systems or artificial entities in some environment. These systems can include other systems or organisms as well as the inanimate physical environment. It is the computed response of the system or organism to various stimuli or inputs, whether internal or external, conscious or subconscious, overt or covert, and voluntary or involuntary. While some behavior is produced in response to an organism's environment (extrinsic motivation), behavior can also be the product of intrinsic motivation, also referred to as "agency" or "free will".

Taking a behavior informatics perspective, a behavior consists of actor, operation, interactions, and their properties. This can be represented as a behavior vector.
2016 Chinese FA Cup
Yanjing Beer 2016 Chinese FA Cup (Chinese: 燕京啤酒2016中国足球协会杯) was the 18th edition of the Chinese FA Cup and the 60th anniversary of the Chinese National Cup. Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao beat the defending champions Jiangsu Suning on away goals in the final to win their second title.

Chinese FA Cup
The Chinese FA Cup (Chinese: 中国足协杯, abbreviated as CFA Cup) is the national knockout cup competition in China organized by the Chinese Football Association. The current holders are Beijing Guoan, having beaten Henan in 2025 for their sixth title.
The Starstruck Duck
"The Starstruck Duck" is an unfinished Donald Duck story written and sketched in 1989 by Don Rosa on a commission from the Walt Disney Company to promote the MGM Studios park in Disney World.

When Gladstone Comics, Rosa's employer at the time, submitted the script and the sketches of the art to the Walt Disney Company, Disney rejected the story as too commercial. Thus Rosa never drew any finished version of the story, instead it exists only as the original sketches.

Rosa thought Disney's rejection of the script as "too commercial" was weird, as it was Disney who requested the story to promote MGM Studios in the first place.

Don Rosa
Keno Don Hugo Rosa (/ˈkiːnoʊ ˈdɒn ˈhjuːɡoʊ ˈroʊzə/), known as Don Rosa (born June 29, 1951), is an American comic book writer and illustrator known for his comics about Scrooge McDuck and other Disney characters. Many of his stories are built on characters and locations created by Carl Barks.

Rosa created about 90 stories between 1987 and 2006, and in 1995 his 12-chapter work The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck won the Eisner Award for Best Serialized Story.
Jaw wiring
Jaw wiring is a medical procedure to keep the jaw closed for a period of time. Originally, it was used as the mandibular equivalent of a cast, to fix the jaw in place while a fracture healed. Jaw wiring is also used for weight-loss purposes, to prevent the ingestion of solid food.

Weight loss
In medicine, health, or physical fitness, weight loss is a reduction of the total body mass, by a mean loss of fluid, body fat (adipose tissue), or lean mass (namely bone mineral deposits, muscle, tendon, and other connective tissue). Weight loss can either occur unintentionally because of malnourishment or an underlying disease, or from a conscious effort to improve an actual or perceived overweight or obese state.  "Unexplained" weight loss that is not caused by reduction in calorific intake or increase in exercise is called cachexia and may be a symptom of a serious medical condition.
Dina Iordanova
Dina Iordanova (born 1960) is an educationalist and Professor of Film Studies at the University of St. Andrews. A specialist in world cinema, her special expertise is in the cinema of the Balkans, Eastern Europe, and Europe in general. Her research approaches cinema on a meta-national level and focuses on the dynamics of transnational film; she has special interest in issues related to cinema at the periphery and in alternative historiography. She has published extensively on international and transnational film art and film industry, and convenes research networks on film festivals and on the Dynamics of World Cinema, with funding from the Leverhulme Trust.

Transnational cinema
Transnational cinema is a developing concept within film studies that encompasses a range of theories relating to the effects of globalization upon the cultural and economic aspects of film. It incorporates the debates and influences of postnationalism, postcolonialism, consumerism and Third cinema, amongst many other topics.
Waleed Al Hayam
Waleed Mohamed Abdulla Ali Al Hayam (born 3 February 1991 in Muharraq, Bahrain) is a Bahraini footballer. He is currently playing for Al-Muharraq in the Bahraini Premier League as a defender. He was called up to the Bahrain national football team at 2011 AFC Asian Cup, hosted by neighboring country Qatar.

Bahrain national football team
The Bahrain national football team (Arabic: منتخب الْبَحرَيْن لِكُرَّةُ الْقَدَم) represents Bahrain in international football and is controlled by the Bahrain Football Association, which was founded in 1951. The country is affiliated with FIFA since 1968 and has been a member of the AFC since 1957. They have never reached the FIFA World Cup.

Bahrain won the FIFA's most improved team award in 2004, and finished fourth at the 2004 AFC Asian Cup, beating Uzbekistan in the quarter-finals but losing to Japan in the semi-finals 4–3. Bahrain then lost to Iran in the third-place match, thus finishing in fourth place overall. Bahrain had a golden year in 2019, winning both the WAFF Championship and the Arabian Gulf Cup for the first time, under the stewardship of Hélio Sousa. On 4 January 2025, Bahrain won the 26th Arabian Gulf Cup, defeating Oman 2–1.
Changing Planes
Changing Planes is a 2003 collection of short stories by Ursula K. Le Guin. Each chapter describes a different world and the society that inhabits it; these societies share similarities to Earth's cultures in some respects, but they may be notably dissimilar in other respects. Many of the chapters are brief vignettes or ethnographic profiles of the societies they describe.

Changing Planes won the Locus Award for Best Collection in 2004.

Vignette (literature)
A vignette (/vɪn.ˈjɛt/ ⓘ, also /viːn.-/) is a French loanword expressing a short and descriptive piece of writing that captures a brief period in time. Vignettes are more focused on vivid imagery and meaning rather than plot. Vignettes can be stand-alone, but they are more commonly part of a larger narrative, such as vignettes found in novels or collections of short stories.
Cedar Creek (Loose Creek tributary)
Cedar Creek is a stream in Osage County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of Loose Creek.

The stream headwaters arise one mile southeast of Linn along the south side of US Route 50 adjacent to the Thurman L. Willett fieldhouse. The stream flows east passing under Route 50 west of Potts then turns north and northwest passing under Missouri Route 100 south of Luystown. The stream meanders to the west passing south of Frankenstein to its confluence with Loose Creek.

The source area is at 38°27′49″N 91°48′54″W﻿ / ﻿38.46361°N 91.81500°W﻿ / 38.46361; -91.81500 at an elevation of 940 feet and the confluence is at 38°33′54″N 91°55′22″W﻿ / ﻿38.56500°N 91.92278°W﻿ / 38.56500; -91.92278 at an elevation of 545 feet.

Cedar Creek was so named on account of cedar timber near its course.

Juniperus virginiana
Juniperus virginiana, also known as eastern redcedar, red cedar, Virginian juniper, eastern juniper, red juniper, and other local names, is a species of juniper native to eastern North America from southeastern Canada to the Gulf of Mexico and east of the Great Plains. Farther west it is replaced by the related Juniperus scopulorum (Rocky Mountain juniper) and to the southwest by Juniperus ashei (Ashe juniper).  It is not to be confused with Thuja occidentalis (eastern white cedar).
The Guitar of Gardel
The Guitar of Gardel (Spanish:La guitarra de Gardel) is a 1949 Argentine-Spanish musical film directed by León Klimovsky and starring Agustín Irusta, Carmen Sevilla and Antonio Casal. The film is based on the life of the tango star Carlos Gardel.

Tango
Tango is a partner dance and social Latin dance that originated in the 1880s along the Río de la Plata, the natural border between Argentina and Uruguay. The tango was born in the impoverished port areas of these countries from a combination of Argentine Milonga, Spanish-Cuban Habanera, and Uruguayan Candombe celebrations. It was frequently practiced in the brothels and bars of ports, where business owners employed bands to entertain their patrons. It then spread to the rest of the world. A number of variations of this dance currently exist around the world.

On August 31, 2009, UNESCO approved a joint proposal by Argentina and Uruguay to include the tango in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists.
Hypercementosis
Hypercementosis is an idiopathic, non-neoplastic condition characterized by the excessive buildup of normal cementum (calcified tissue) on the roots of one or more teeth. A thicker layer of cementum can give the tooth an enlarged appearance, mainly occurring at the apex or apices of the tooth. The cellular cementum functions at the bottom half of the tooth roots which contain cementocytes that anchor the tooth into the jaw socket, protect the tooth's pulp, and repair external root resorption.

Pulp (tooth)
Odontoblast layer;

Cell-free zone of Weil;

Cell-rich zone;

Pulp core

The pulp is the connective tissue, nerves, blood vessels, and odontoblasts that comprise the innermost layer of a tooth. The pulp's activity and signalling processes regulate its behaviour.
Dear Pop Singer
Dear Pop Singer. (ディア・ポップシンガー, Dia Poppu Shingā) is a cover album by Japanese singer/songwriter Yōko Oginome. Released through Victor Entertainment on August 20, 2014 to celebrate Oginome's 30th anniversary, the album features covers of popular western songs, as well as self-covers of her past hits. A limited edition release includes a DVD containing a new music video for "Dancing Hero (Eat You Up)" and some live performances.

The album peaked at No. 38 on Oricon's albums chart.

Victor Entertainment
Victor Entertainment, Inc. (ビクターエンタテインメント株式会社, Bikutā Entateinmento kabushiki-gaisha) is a subsidiary of JVCKenwood that produces and distributes music, movies and other entertainment products such as anime and television shows in Japan. It is known as JVC Entertainment in countries where Sony Music Entertainment operates the RCA Victor label.
2020 SpeedyCash.com 400
The 2020 SpeedyCash.com 400 was the 21st stock car race of the 2020 NASCAR Gander RV & Outdoors Truck Series season, the 24th iteration of the event, and the second race of the Round of 8. The race was originally going to be held on June 5, 2020, but was postponed to Sunday, October 25, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The race was held in Fort Worth, Texas at Texas Motor Speedway, a 1.5 miles (2.4 km) permanent quad-oval racetrack. The race was extended from its scheduled 147 laps to 152 laps due to a late race wreck caused by Ben Rhodes turning Christian Eckes; much to the dismay of Eckes, Eckes would give Rhodes a double middle finger the next time Rhodes went by his car. At race's end, Sheldon Creed of GMS Racing would dominate and win the race, the 4th of the season and NASCAR Gander RV & Outdoors Truck Series career win. To fill out the podium, Austin Hill of Hattori Racing Enterprises and Zane Smith of GMS Racing would finish 2nd and 3rd, respectively.

2020 NASCAR Gander RV & Outdoors Truck Series
The 2020 NASCAR Gander RV & Outdoors Truck Series was the 26th season of the third highest stock car racing series sanctioned by NASCAR in North America. The season began at Daytona International Speedway with the NextEra Energy 250 on February 14. The regular season ended with the ToyotaCare 250 at Richmond Raceway on September 10. The NASCAR playoffs ended with the Lucas Oil 150 at Phoenix Raceway on November 6, where Sheldon Creed won the championship over his teammates Zane Smith and Brett Moffitt in a 1-2-3 sweep for GMS Racing in the standings. ThorSport Racing driver Grant Enfinger finished fourth in the standings, the other driver to advance to the Championship 4. Austin Hill won the regular season championship and was the points leader for most of the season, but failed to advance to the Championship 4 and finished 6th in the standings.
Tito Pereyra
Tito Pereyra (born 1 February 1949) is an Argentine boxer. He competed in the men's flyweight event at the 1968 Summer Olympics. At the 1968 Summer Olympics he defeated Robert Carney of Australia in the Round of 32 before losing to Tetsuaki Nakamura of Japan in the Round of 16.

Boxing at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Flyweight
The Flyweight class in the boxing competition was the second-lowest weight class.  Flyweights were limited to those boxers weighing a maximum of 51 kilograms (112.4 lbs). 26 boxers qualified for this category. Like all Olympic boxing events, the competition was a straight single-elimination tournament. Both semifinal losers were awarded bronze medals, so no boxers competed again after their first loss. Bouts consisted of six rounds each. Five judges scored each bout.
Fin de la guerre
Fin de la guerre (French for "End of War"; also called by its Spanish or Latin name, Fin de la Guerra or Finis Belli) was an Antwerpian rebel ship employed during the siege of Antwerp (1585) against the imperial Spanish forces.

The vessel resembled a huge floating fighting platform, featuring a castle in its center manned by a large number of guns and a thousand musketeers.  According to some sources, the ship was protected by thick iron plates. The defenders put great faith into the construction to relieve the siege, thus its name. When put into action, however, the vessel proved too heavy for the shallow waterways and soon ran aground, prompting some Spanish to call it mockingly Los gastos perdidos (The lost expenditure).

After one final, unsuccessful sortie, Antwerp was ultimately forced to surrender in August 1585.

Musketeer
A musketeer (French: mousquetaire [muskətɛʁ] ⓘ) was a type of soldier equipped with a musket. Musketeers were an important part of early modern warfare from the mid 15th to mid 19th centuries, particularly in Europe, where they normally comprised the majority of their infantry after 1600. The musketeer was a precursor to the rifleman. Muskets were replaced by breech loading rifles as the almost universal firearm for modern armies during the period 1850 to 1870. The traditional designation of "musketeer" for an infantry private survived in the Imperial German Army until World War I.
The Mystic Marriage of St Catherine (Annibale Carracci)
The Mystic Marriage of St Catherine is an oil painting on canvas executed c.1585 by the Italian painter Annibale Carracci, now in the Gallerie Nazionali di Capodimonte in Naples, Italy. The composition and sfumato effect owe much to Correggio, particularly the latter's painting of the same subject now in the Louvre.

As shown by the label on the reverse, the work formed part of the Farnese collection, where it was mentioned by Carlo Cesare Malvasia (1678) and Giovanni Pietro Bellori (1672), with the latter stating that Carracci painted the work in Parma "for duke Ranuccio Farnese before taking it to Rome "in the duke's name" to give to cardinal Odoardo Farnese.

Odoardo Farnese (cardinal)
Odoardo Farnese (6 December 1573 – 21 February 1626) was an Italian nobleman, the second son of Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma and Maria of Portugal, known for his patronage of the arts. He became a Cardinal of the Catholic Church in 1591, and briefly acted as regent of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza for his nephew Odoardo from 1622 to 1626.

Cardinal Odoardo is probably best known today for commissioning the Bolognese artist Annibale Carracci to fresco the Camerino in the Palazzo Farnese in Rome. Carracci undertook this from 1595 to 1597, just prior to starting his decoration of the more famous and elaborate Farnese Gallery in the same palace.
Mr. Ebbo
Abel Loshilaa Motika (26 May 1974  – 1 December 2011 in Arusha), known for his stage name Mr. Ebbo, was a Masai hip hop musician from Tanzania.

Mr Ebbo was one of the pioneering bongo Flava artistes. He rose to national fame with his single "Mimi Mmasai" in early 2000s. His other hits include "Bado" and "Kamongo". Most of his recordings were made at Motika Studios in Tanga. He performed in traditional Masai costumes.

In 2003 he was named to head a government campaign endorsing privatisation, for which he composed the song "Ubinaf-sishaji" (privatisation).

He died of leukemia on 1 December 2011 at Mission Usa River Hospital in Arusha. He left a widow with two daughters.

Tanga, Tanzania
Tanga (Jiji la Tanga, in Swahili) is a historic city and the capital of Tanga Region. The city is located in the northern port city of Tanzania to the west of the Indian Ocean on Tanga Bay. The city had a population of 393,429 in 2022 and is governed by the Tanga City Council. The city is also a home to the Port of Tanga. The name Tanga means "sail" in Swahili. The city is also the capital of Tanga District.
Rainey RFC
Rainey Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club situated in the market town of Magherafelt, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland playing in Division 2B of the All-Ireland League.

At present, they field 3 senior men's teams, 1 senior women's team and 3 youth teams (the Rhinos) under-18s, under-16s and under-14s as well as a girls under-14s side.

2024–25 All-Ireland League (rugby union)
The 2024–25 All-Ireland League, known as the Energia All-Ireland League for sponsorship reasons, was the 33rd season of Irish Rugby's top level domestic competition. The League began on 20 September 2024 and finished with the League final at the Aviva Stadium, Dublin on 27 April 2025.

Cork Constitution were the defending champions having won their 7th title by defeating defending champions Terenure College in the 2023-24 League Final. They reached the final again but were defeated by Clontarf who won their fourth A.I.L. title.

Ballyclare were competing in the League for the first time ever after gaining promotion to Division 2C by winning the Provincial League Championship final. Monkstown who lost that final, later gained promotion back to the League after a 21-year absence by winning the Provincial League Championship play-off against Bangor.
Knabl
Knabl is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alois Knabl (born 1992), Austrian triathlete

Joseph Knabl (1819–1881), Austrian sculptor

Karl Knabl (1850–1904), German painter

Richard Knabl (1789–1874), Austrian parish priest and epigraphist

Richard Knabl
Richard Knabl (24 October 1789, in Graz, Styria – 19 June 1874) was an Austrian parish priest and epigraphist who, though he lacked formal academic training as a historian, became a prominent contributor to our current knowledge of the Roman period in Noricum and western Pannonia, especially on the territory of modern Styria.
Xanthoparmelia diacida
Xanthoparmelia diacida is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Southern Africa, it was formally described as a new species in 1986 by the American lichenologist Mason Hale. The type specimen was collected from Cape Province at an elevation of about 800 m (2,600 ft), where it was found growing on a sandstone ridge in high veld. It has a bright yellow-green thallus that reaches 5–8 cm (2.0–3.1 in) in diameter, comprising somewhat irregularly shaped, imbricate (overlapping) lobes that are rotund and measure 2–4 mm wide. It contains psoromic acid, protocetraric acid, usnic acid, as well as an unidentified fatty acid and a set of compounds called the "schenckiana" pigments (referring to chemical similarity to Xanthoparmelia schenkiana).

Psoromic acid
Psoromic acid is a β-orcinol depsidone with the molecular formula C18H14O8. Its depsidone structure was conclusively confirmed by spectroscopic and degradative studies in 1976. The compound is most commonly found in Antarctic lichens and has demonstrated antiviral properties in laboratory studies. The first total synthesis of this lichen product was reported in 1979.
Laager Point
Laager Point is a conspicuous headland extending out from President Beaches on Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica facing Astor Island. It forms the southeast entrance point for New Plymouth harbour and the northeast entrance point for Osogovo Bay. Naiad Lake is situated on  the southwest side of the point and Pistiros Lake is centred 900 m east of it. The area was visited by 19th century sealers.

The feature's name (meaning ‘Camp Point’) derives from an earlier Spanish form, ‘’Punta Campamento’’, given by Chilean researchers in 1971.

Livingston Island
Livingston Island (Russian name Smolensk, 62°36′S 60°30′W﻿ / ﻿62.600°S 60.500°W﻿ / -62.600; -60.500) is an Antarctic island in the Southern Ocean, part of the South Shetlands Archipelago, a group of Antarctic islands north of the Antarctic Peninsula. It was the first land discovered south of 60° south latitude in 1819, a historic event that marked the end of a centuries-long pursuit of the mythical Terra Australis Incognita and the beginning of the exploration and utilization of real Antarctica. The name Livingston, although of unknown derivation, has been well established in international usage since the early 1820s.
Castillo de Mesía
The fortress-tower of Mesía is a fortification dating from the late 13th or early 14th century, located in the village of Pobra, in the Galician municipality of Mesía. Since the 15th century, during the Ancien Régime, the jurisdiction of Mesía for the bishop of Santiago de Compostela was exercised from this castle. It was declared a Bien de Interés Cultural on November 17, 1994, by the Ministry of Culture.

Ministry of Culture (Spain)
The Ministry of Culture (MC) is the department of the Government of Spain responsible for the promotion, protection and dissemination of the Spanish historical heritage, national museums, art, books, reading and literary creation, of cinematographic and audiovisual activities and of national archives and libraries.

It is also responsible for the promotion and dissemination of culture in Spanish, as well as the promotion of cultural cooperation and, in coordination with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, European Union and Cooperation, of international relations in the field of culture.

The MCD is headed by the Culture Minister, a Cabinet member who is appointed by the Monarch on advice of the Prime Minister. The minister is assisted by a Secretary of State and an Under-Secretary. The current minister of Culture is, since 21 November 2023, Ernest Urtasun.
Louderback
Louderback is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

AJ Louderback, American politician

David S. Louderback (1851–1911), American politician

George Louderback (1874–1957), American geologist

Harold Louderback (1881–1941), American judge

Jim Louderback (born 1961), American businessman

Tom Louderback (1933–2020), American football player

AJ Louderback
AJ Louderback is an American politician who was elected member of the Texas House of Representatives for the 30th district in 2024. A member of the Republican Party, he succeeded Geanie Morrison. He was born and raised in Matagorda County and attended Palacios High School.

He is a United States Air Force veteran. and is a retired five-term Sheriff of Jackson County.