hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Maghreb Virtual Science Library
The Maghreb Virtual Science Library (MVSL) (la Bibliothèque numérique des sciences du Maghreb  المكتبة العلمية الافتراضية المغاربية )  provided full-text access to thousands of science and engineering journals and databases to researchers in the Maghreb via digital library portals. It was a project funded by the U.S. Department of State Bureau of Oceans & International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, and is implemented by CRDF Global along with IMIST (Institut Marocain de l'Information Scientifique et Technique), LibHub, Research4Life, and JSTOR.

The Maghreb Virtual Science Library program is an initiative of CRDF Global.

Research4Life
Research4Life is a platform and website dedicated to making peer-reviewed knowledge public to students and researchers in lower income countries. Research4Life provides free or low cost access to academic and professional peer-reviewed content online. In 2021 Research4Life offered 132,000 leading journals and books in the fields of health, agriculture, environment, applied sciences and legal information.
Council of Serdica
The Council of Serdica, or Synod of Serdica (also Sardica), was a synod convened in 343 at Serdica (located in modern-day Sofia, Bulgaria) in the civil diocese of Dacia, by Emperors Constans I, Augustus in the West, and Constantius II, Augustus in the East. It attempted to resolve "the tension between East and West in the Church." "The council was a disaster: the two sides, one from the west and the other from the east, never met as one."

Comes
Comes (plural comites), translated as count, was a Roman title, generally linked to a comitatus or comital office.

The word comes originally meant "companion" or "follower", deriving from "com-" ("with") and "ire" ("go"). The special lasting meaning derives from the position of a follower within a comitatus, which was a retinue, or group of followers, such as those of magnates. In some instances these were sufficiently large and/or formal to justify specific denomination, such as a "cohors amicorum".

The word comes is the origin of the much later terms for counts within the medieval nobility, and counties as their territorial jurisdictions.
Donald Duke
Donald Duke listenⓘ (born 30 September 1961 in Calabar) is a Nigerian politician. He was the Governor of Cross River State, Nigeria from 29 May 1999 to 29 May 2007. He is currently a member of the African Democratic Congress (ADC) and was the 2019 Nigeria Presidential candidate for Social Democratic Party, SDP.

Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)
The Social Democratic Party of Nigeria (SDP) is a centre-left political party in Nigeria. It was created alongside the National Republican Convention by former military president Ibrahim Babangida, as part of a democracy project meant to form two national political parties – one slightly to the left and the other to the right. During the Nigerian Third Republic, it was seen as a moderate party attractive to young radical intellectuals and socialists. Its manifesto advocates for concerted efforts to improve welfare and fight for social justice.
Bremerhaven Zoo
The Bremerhaven Zoo (officially Zoo am Meer [ˈtsoː am ˈmeːɐ̯], which is German for Zoo next to the Sea) is located next to the river Weser and exhibits mainly species which live in the water or in northern environments; exceptions are, for instance, chimpanzees and white-headed marmosets.

White-headed marmoset
The white-headed marmoset (Callithrix geoffroyi), also known as the tufted-ear marmoset, Geoffroy's marmoset, or Geoffrey's marmoset, is a marmoset endemic to forests in eastern Brazil, where it is native to Bahia, Espírito Santo, and Minas Gerais, and introduced to Santa Catarina. It is known as the sagüi or sauim in Brazil. Its diet consists of fruits, insects, and the gum of trees. It is a host of Pachysentis lenti an acanthocephalan intestinal parasite.
Ridin' Rainbows
Ridin' Rainbows is the seventh studio album by American country music singer Tanya Tucker. It was released on February 14, 1977, by MCA Records. The album was produced by Jerry Crutchfield and includes three top 20 hits; "Ridin' Rainbows", "It's a Cowboy Lovin' Night" and "Dancing the Night Away".

Tanya Tucker
Tanya Denise Tucker (born October 10, 1958) is an American country singer who had her first hit, "Delta Dawn", in 1972 at the age of 13. During her career Tucker became one of the few child performers to mature into adulthood without losing her audience; she had a streak of top-10 and top-40 hits.
She has had several successful albums, several Country Music Association award nominations, and hit songs including 1973's "What's Your Mama's Name?" and "Blood Red and Goin' Down", 1975's "Lizzie and the Rainman", 1988's "Strong Enough to Bend", and 1992's "Two Sparrows in a Hurricane". Tucker's 2019 album While I'm Livin' won the Grammy Award for Best Country Album, and "Bring My Flowers Now" from that same album won Tucker a shared songwriting Grammy for Best Country Song.

Tucker’s latest album is a 2023 critically acclaimed collaboration with Brandi Carlile called Sweet Western Sound. Tucker was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame on October 22, 2023.
Peter Sundberg
Peter Hans Sundberg (born 10 May 1976) is a Swedish car racing driver with titles in several categories. He was born and grew up in the south of Spain, spending his teen years riding motocross.

Sundberg finished near the top of numerous Formula Renault championships, then going into Formula Three where he won the Italian Formula Three Championship in 1999. He competed in the World Cup Formula 3 races in Macau and Korea, and went on to test for the Minardi Formula One team at the end of that year.

Afterwards, Sundberg competed in Spanish F3 and Japanese F3. He competed in the World Series by Nissan in 2002. He was away from racing until 2005 when he entered the Spanish GT Championship and won the title in 2007 and 2008 driving a Ferrari 430 GT2 for team RSV-Motorsport. In 2007 he was teamed up with Domingo Romero, and in 2008 he did the first part of the season with Romero and the second part with Sergio Hernández.

Formula Renault
Formula Renault are classes of formula racing popular in Europe and elsewhere. Regarded as an entry-level series to motor racing, it was founded in 1971, and was a respected series where drivers can learn advanced racecraft before moving on to higher formulas.

Renault now backs the French F4 Championship and Formula Regional European Championship. The World Series by Renault once included Formula Renault 3.5 before becoming World Series Formula V8 3.5 in 2016, then folding in 2017.
Orders, decorations, and medals of Belarus
Awards and decorations of Belarus are governed by the Law of the Republic of Belarus on State Awards of 18 May 2004.

The highest award is the title of the Hero of Belarus. The law also specifies orders, medals and honorary titles of Belarus.

Order (distinction)
An order is a visible honour awarded by a sovereign state, monarch, dynastic house or organisation to a person, typically in recognition of individual merit, that often comes with distinctive insignia such as collars, medals, badges, and sashes worn by recipients.

Modern honour systems of state orders and dynastic orders emerged from the culture of  orders of chivalry of the Middle Ages, which in turn emerged from the Catholic religious orders.
Mohamed Abdulhusain
Mohamed Husain Abdulhusain (Arabic: محمد حسين عبد الحسين, born 12 August 1989), known as Mohamed Abdulhusain or Mohamed A. Husain or Mohamed Ali, is a Bahraini handball player for Al-Najma and the Bahraini national team.

He participated at the 2017 World Men's Handball Championship and at the delayed 2020 Summer Olympics.

2017 World Men's Handball Championship
The 2017 IHF World Men's Handball Championship was the 25th event hosted by the International Handball Federation. The event was held in France from 11 to 29 January 2017.

France, in a clean sweep, defended their title by defeating Norway 33–26 in the final, which secured France their sixth title. Slovenia defeated Croatia 31–30 to capture the bronze medal. Norway (from a wildcard) and Slovenia earned their first World Championship medals ever.

The championship set a record of attendance in total of 540,000 spectators with 23 matches being sold out and with a venue record of 28,010 at both of France's knock-out matches in Lille.
Nikola Miljenić
Nikola Miljenić (born 19 May 1998) is a Croatian swimmer. At the 2020 Summer Olympics, he competed in the men's 100 metre freestyle, 50 metre freestyle, and 100 metre butterfly events. At the 2024 Summer Olympics, he competed in the men's 100-metre freestyle and 100-metre butterfly events.

Swimming at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's 100-metre freestyle
The men's 100 metre freestyle event at the 2024 Summer Olympics was held on 30 and 31 July 2024 at Paris La Défense Arena, which was converted to a swimming pool for the swimming events.

Romanian David Popovici, China's Pan Zhanle, Australia's Kyle Chalmers, and France's Maxime Grousset were the favourites for the event, and they all progressed through to the final. In the heats, national records for Nepal and Vanuatu were broken.

In the final, Pan swam both the fastest opening split and fastest closing split to win with a new world record of 46.40. Chalmers won silver with 47.48 and Popovici won bronze with 47.49. All eight swimmers finished in under 48 seconds, which had never happened before in an Olympic final, and Pan's swim broke the first swimming world record of these Olympics. It was the biggest margin of victory in the event since the 1928 Olympics, and Pan later called it a "perfect performance".
Diocese of Hierapolis
The diocese of Hierapolis, was a Christian bishopric in Phrygia (modern  central Turkey).

Through the influence of the Christian apostle Paul, a church was founded at Hierapolis while he was at Ephesus. The Christian apostle Philip spent the last years of his life here. The town's martyrium was alleged to have been built upon the spot where Philip was crucified in AD 80. His daughters were also said to have acted as prophetesses in the region.

During the 4th century, Christianity had become the dominant religion and begun suppressing other faiths in the area. A see of the province of Phrygia Pacatiana, the Byzantine emperor Justinian I raised the bishop of Hierapolis to the rank of metropolitan bishop in 531. The city's Roman baths were transformed into a Christian basilica. During the Byzantine period, the city continued to flourish and also remained an important centre for Christianity. Tiberiopolis was a suffragan see.

Martyrium
A martyrium (Latin) or martyrion (Greek) (pl.: martyria), sometimes anglicized martyry (pl.: "martyries"), is a church or shrine built over the tomb of a Christian martyr. It is associated with a specific architectural form, centered on a central element and thus built on a central plan, that is, of a circular or sometimes octagonal or cruciform shape.
1969 Maryland gubernatorial special election
The 1969 Maryland gubernatorial special election was not a direct election, but a vote in the Maryland General Assembly to determine who would assume the governorship of Maryland after Spiro Agnew's resignation, following his election to the U.S. vice presidency.

At this time Maryland didn't have a position of lieutenant governor, and state law did not designate a person who would assume the office of governor in case of vacancy (unlike most states, when there is always a designated person such as lieutenant governor, Senate President or Secretary of State).

In case of vacancy, the General Assembly would choose a governor.

In 1969 the Assembly had a Democratic majority, so it was clear that Republican Agnew's successor would be a Democrat.

The election was held on January 7, 1969. State representative Marvin Mandel was elected governor. He took office that same day, upon Agnew's resignation.

Maryland General Assembly
The Maryland General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Maryland that convenes within the State House in Annapolis. It is a bicameral body: the upper chamber, the Maryland Senate, has 47 representatives, and the lower chamber, the Maryland House of Delegates, has 141 representatives. Members of both houses serve four-year terms. Each house elects its own officers, judges the qualifications and election of its own members, establishes rules for the conduct of its business, and may punish or expel its own members.

The General Assembly convenes its legislative session for 90 days each year to act on more than 2,300 bills including the state's annual budget, which it must pass before adjourning sine die. The General Assembly's 446th session convened on January 10, 2024.
Ballota (Cudillero)
Ballota is one of nine parishes (administrative divisions) in the Cudillero municipality, within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 305 (INE 2008).

Parish (administrative division)
A parish is an administrative division used by several countries. To distinguish it from an ecclesiastical parish, the term civil parish is used in some jurisdictions, as noted below.

The table below lists countries which use this administrative division:
Alois Krof
Alois Krof (8 July 1903 – 1935) was a Czech long-distance runner. He competed for Czechoslovakia in the marathon at the 1928 Summer Olympics.

In 1927, Krof was Czechoslovakia's national marathon champion and finished second, behind Hungary's József Galambos, in the Košice Peace Marathon (founded 1924), which Galambos won four times between 1927 and 1933.

Athletics at the 1928 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon
The men's marathon at the 1928 Summer Olympics was held in Amsterdam, Netherlands on 5 August 1928. The race started at 15:14 local time. A total number of 57 athletes completed the race, with Willem van der Steen from the Netherlands finishing in last position in 3:29:21. There were 69 competitors from 23 countries. Twelve of them did not finish. The maximum number of athletes per nation was 6. The event was won by Boughera El Ouafi of France, the nation's first Olympic marathon victory since 1900 (and second overall). Manuel Plaza's silver made him the first Olympic medalist from Chile, while Martti Marttelin's bronze put Finland on the podium in the event for the third straight Games.
Tadepalli, Guntur district
Tadepalli is part of one of the two corporations in Guntur district and a major residential and IT hub in Vijayawada. The city of Mangalagiri Tadepalli Municipal Corporation is a part of Tenali revenue division. Mangalagiri is important to the overall Guntur's financial and cultural profile by its textile, agricultural and spiritual contributions. The railway station of Krishna Canal Junction marks boundary for the Guntur Railway Division. It is situated on National Highway 16 and North of District Headquarter Guntur.

National Highway 16 (India)
National Highway 16 (NH 16) or Grand Northern Trunk Road also known as Kolkata - Chennai Highway is a major National Highway in India that runs along east coast of West Bengal, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu. It was previously known as National Highway 5.

The northern terminal starts at Dankuni near Kolkata, West Bengal and the southern terminal ends at Nallur near Chennai, Tamil Nadu. It is a part of the Golden Quadrilateral project to connect India's major cities.
Session wrestler
Session wrestlers, also known as private wrestlers, fight an opponent as a service, for money, in a private setting. Typically, the service provider is a professional (ring) wrestler, amateur wrestler, boxer, or bodybuilder. Session wrestlers most commonly are women who cater to a male clientele, but there are also men who provide the service, as well as female clients.

Amateur wrestling
Amateur wrestling is a variant of wrestling practiced at Olympic, collegiate, scholastic, and other levels. There are two international wrestling styles performed at the Olympic Games, freestyle and Greco-Roman, both of which are governed by the United World Wrestling (UWW).

At the middle school and high school levels in the United States, wrestlers compete in scholastic wrestling. In collegiate wrestling, there are minor differences in some scholastic wrestling rules.

The rapid rise in the popularity of the combat sport mixed martial arts (MMA) has increased interest in amateur wrestling due to its effectiveness within the sport and its consideration as a core discipline.
28 grader i skuggan
28 grader i skuggan (28 Degrees in the Shade) is the fifth studio album by Swedish pop music artist Mauro Scocco. It was released in 1994 through Scocco's own record label Diesel Music.

Four singles were released from the album: "Överallt" (Everywhere), "Gå samma väg" (Go the Same Way), "Går ut med mig själv" (Going Out with Myself), and "Hel igen" (Whole Again). The album peaked at number one on the Swedish Albums Chart.

Mauro Scocco
Mauro Scocco (born 11 September 1962) is a Swedish pop musician of Italian descent. He has been described as "one of the sharpest songwriters in Sweden". Scocco was the singer for the pop group Ratata (1980–83) transformed into a duo with Johan Ekelund (1983–89). After Ratata, Scocco has continued as a solo artist since. In 2014, he cooperated with Plura Jonsson releasing a joint album as Mauro & Plura.
Chika Otaki
Chika Otaki (大滝 知香, Ōtaki Chika, born 14 December 1998) is a Japanese ice hockey player and member of the Japanese national ice hockey team, currently playing with DK Peregrine in the Women's Japan Ice Hockey League (WJIHL) and All-Japan Women's Ice Hockey Championship.

Otaki represented Japan at the 2021 IIHF Women's World Championship. She won a bronze medal in the women's ice hockey tournament  at the 2019 Winter Universiade. As a junior player with the Japanese national under-18 team, she participated in the 2015 IIHF Women's U18 World Championship and the 2016 IIHF Women's U18 World Championship – Division I, Group A.

All-Japan Women's Ice Hockey Championship
The All-Japan Women's Ice Hockey Championship (Japanese: 全日本女子アイスホッケー選手権大会) is an annual ice hockey club tournament in Japan. First contested in 1978 and officially sanctioned by the Japan Ice Hockey Federation in 1982, the championship is one of the oldest continuously held women's ice hockey tournaments in the world. The tournament has been contested in addition to the Women's Japan Ice Hockey League (WJIHL) since the league was established in 2012.

It is the women's counterpart to the men's All Japan Ice Hockey Championship.
French ship Ambitieux (1691)
The Ambitieux was a First Rank three-decker ship of the line of the French Royal Navy. She was armed with 92 guns, comprising twenty-eight 36-pounder guns on the lower deck, twenty-eight 18-pounder guns on the middle deck, and twenty-six 8-pounder guns on the upper deck, with ten 6-pounder guns on the quarterdeck.

Designed and built by Honoré Malet, she was begun at Rochefort Dockyard in July 1691 and launched on December of the same year. On completion in April 1692, she joined the Ponant fleet and took part in the Battle of Barfleur on 29 May 1692. Following that action, she was destroyed by an English attack at La Hougue in June 1692. A replacement ship of the same name was promptly built at Rochefort.

First-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, first-rate was the designation for the largest ships of the line. Originating in the Jacobean era with the designation of Ships Royal capable of carrying at least 400 men, the size and establishment of first-rates evolved over the following 250 years to eventually denote ships of the line carrying at least 80 guns across three gundecks. By the end of the eighteenth century, a first-rate carried no fewer than 100 guns and more than 850 crew, and had a measurement (burthen) tonnage of some 2,000 tons.
Vladimir Kurnev
Vladimir Borisovich Kurnev (Russian: Владимир Борисович Курнев; born 12 September 1950) is a Belarusian professional football coach and a former player. He works as youth coordinator with FC Minsk.

As a player, he spent the majority of his career in Dinamo Minsk, also spending a few seasons in Pakhtakor Tashkent and Lokomotiv Moscow.

FC Dinamo Minsk
FC Dinamo Minsk or FK Dynama Minsk (Belarusian: ФК Дынама Мінск; Russian: ФК Динамо Минск) is a Belarusian professional football club based in the capital city of Minsk.

It was founded in 1927 as part of the Soviet Dinamo Sports Society, and was the only club from the Byelorussian SSR that competed in the Soviet Top League, playing 39 of the 54 seasons, and winning the title in 1982. Since the independence of Belarus, the club participates in the Belarusian Premier League, having won 9 league titles and 3 Belarusian Cups.

Dinamo plays its home games in the 22,246-capacity Dinamo Stadium in Minsk. Dinamo is the second Belarusian team, after BATE Borisov, to reach UEFA Europa League group stages (2014–15 and 2015–16).
Longitudinal ray transform
In mathematics the longitudinal ray transform  (LRT) is a generalization of the X-ray transform to symmetric tensor fields

Let  be the components of a symmetric rank-m tensor field () on Euclidean space  (). For a unit vector  and a point  the longitudinal ray transform is defined as

where summation over repeated indices is implied.   The transform has a null-space, assuming the components are smooth and decay at infinity any , the symmetrized derivative of a rank m-1 tensor field , satisfies .  More generally the Saint-Venant tensor  can be recovered uniquely by an explicit formula. For lines that pass through a curve similar results can be obtained to the case of the complete data case of all lines

Applications of the LRT include Bragg edge neutron tomography of strain, and Doppler tomography of velocity vector fields.

Symmetric tensor
In mathematics, a symmetric tensor is an unmixed tensor that is invariant under a permutation of its vector arguments:

for every permutation σ of the symbols {1, 2, ..., r}.  Alternatively, a symmetric tensor of order r represented in coordinates as a quantity with r indices satisfies

The space of symmetric tensors of order r on a finite-dimensional vector space V is naturally isomorphic to the dual of the space of homogeneous polynomials of degree r on V.  Over fields of characteristic zero, the graded vector space of all symmetric tensors can be naturally identified with the symmetric algebra on V. A related concept is that of the antisymmetric tensor or alternating form. Symmetric tensors occur widely in engineering, physics and mathematics.