hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arthur Lonergan
Arthur Lonergan (January 23, 1906 – January 23, 1989) was an American art director. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Art Direction for the film The Oscar. He also was the art director for the films Forbidden Planet, Yours, Mine and Ours and M*A*S*H.

Academy Award for Best Production Design
The Academy Award for Best Production Design recognizes achievement for art direction in film. The category's original name was Best Art Direction, but was changed to its current name in 2012 for the 85th Academy Awards. This change resulted from the Art Directors' branch of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) being renamed the Designers' branch. Since 1947, the award is shared with the set decorators. It is awarded to the best interior design in a film.

The films below are listed with their production year (for example, the 2000 Academy Award for Best Art Direction is given to a film from 1999). In the lists below, the winner of the award for each year is shown first, followed by the other nominees in alphabetical order.
Evil Star (novel)
Evil Star is the second book in The Power of Five series by British author Anthony Horowitz. It was published and released in the United Kingdom on 1 April 2006 by Walker Books Ltd and in the United States by Scholastic Press under the adjusted series title, The Gatekeepers. It is preceded by Raven's Gate, released in 2005, and followed by Nightrise, released in 2007.

Scholastic Corporation
Scholastic Corporation is an American multinational publishing, education, and media company that publishes and distributes books, comics, and educational materials for schools, teachers, parents, children, and other educational institutions. Products are distributed via retail and online sales and through schools via reading clubs and book fairs. Clifford the Big Red Dog, a character created by Norman Bridwell in 1963, is the mascot of Scholastic.
Joan Bybee
Joan Lea Bybee (previously: Hooper; born 11 February 1945 in New Orleans, Louisiana) is an American linguist and professor emerita at the University of New Mexico. Much of her work concerns grammaticalization, stochastics, modality, morphology, and phonology. Bybee is best known for proposing the theory of usage-based phonology and for her contributions to cognitive and historical linguistics.

Cognitive linguistics
Cognitive linguistics is an interdisciplinary branch of linguistics, combining knowledge and research from cognitive science, cognitive psychology, neuropsychology and linguistics. Models and theoretical accounts of cognitive linguistics are considered as psychologically real, and research in cognitive linguistics aims to help understand cognition in general and is seen as a road into the human mind.

There has been scientific and terminological controversy around the label "cognitive linguistics"; there is no consensus on what specifically is meant with the term.
Albert Luthuli Local Municipality
Albert Luthuli Municipality (Swazi: Masipaladi iAlbert Luthuli; Zulu: UMasipala iAlbert Luthuli) is a local municipality within the Gert Sibande District Municipality, in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. It was named after Albert Luthuli. Carolina is the seat of the municipality.

Gert Sibande District Municipality
Gert Sibande (until 2004 known as the Eastvaal District Municipality) is one of the 3 districts of Mpumalanga province of South Africa. The seat of Gert Sibande is Ermelo. The majority of its 900,007 people speak IsiZulu (2001 Census). The district code is DC30. On 15 October 2004, the municipality changed its name from the "Eastvaal" (Afrikaans: Oosvaal) to "Gert Sibande" District Municipality. The district is named after the ANC activist Gert Sibande.
Language creation in artificial intelligence
In Artificial Intelligence, researchers teach AI systems to develop their own ways of communicating by having them work together on tasks and use symbols as parts of a new language. These languages might grow out of human languages or be built completely from scratch. When AI is used for translating between languages, it can even create a new shared language to make the process easier. Natural Language Processing (NLP) helps these systems understand and generate human-like language, making it possible for AI to interact and communicate more naturally with people.

Chatbot
A chatbot (originally chatterbot) is a software application or web interface that simulates conversation through text or speech. Modern chatbots are typically online and use generative artificial intelligence systems that are capable of maintaining a conversation with a user in natural language and simulating the way a human would behave as a conversational partner. Such chatbots often use deep learning and natural language processing. Simpler chatbots have existed for decades.

Chatbots have gained popularity with the release of ChatGPT in 2022, followed by competitors such as Gemini, Claude, and Grok, in what is labelled an AI boom. AI chatbots typically use fine-tuned large language models to generate text.

A major area where chatbots have long been used is customer service and support, with various sorts of virtual assistants.
Pyrgotis plagiatana
Pyrgotis plagiatana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in New Zealand.

The wingspan is about 18 mm. It is a variable species, differing much in the intensity of colouring. The forewings are whitish, suffused with pale ochreous, becoming darker towards the inner margin. The hindwings are whitish, faintly tinged with ochreous at the apex and spotted with grey.

The larvae are polyphagous. including Carmichaelia species, Coriaria arborea, Fuchsia excorticata, Veronica elliptica, Veronica stricta, Veronica subalpina, Melicope simplex, Metrosideros species, Ozothamnus leptophyllus, Pittosporum tenuifolium, Tupeia antarctica, Pinus radiata and Ulex europaeus.

Coriaria arborea
Coriaria arborea is a highly poisonous and common native shrub or small tree of New Zealand. The common name for the plant is tree tutu, and it is one of the New Zealand species of Coriaria known by the name tutu.

Coriaria arborea is found in scrub and open areas from the coast to the hills across the country. A straggling plant, it can grow to 20 feet (6.1 m) high. The leaves grow opposite on slender stems while flowers are arranged in drooping racemes. C. arborea is capable of nitrogen fixation.
2024–25 División de Honor de Rugby
The 2024–25 División de Honor is the 58th season of the División de Honor, the top flight of  Spanish domestic rugby union.

El Salvador won the title for the 9th time, defeating Cisneros in the final.

CR El Salvador
Club de Rugby El Salvador is a Spanish rugby union club. The club was established in 1960 and currently competes in the men's División de Honor de Rugby and in the women's División de Honor Femenina de Rugby competitions, the highest levels of Spanish club rugby. The club is based in Valladolid in central Spain, playing their matches at the Estadio Pepe Rojo. The club's colours are black and white.

El Salvador is one of the most successful Spanish rugby union clubs, having won División de Honor in seven times, Copa del Rey in six times and Supercopa de España in five times.

The women team, known as Colina Clinic El Salvador for sponsorship purposes, competes on the Liga Iberdrola.
Potter Payper
Jamel Bousbaa (born 15 November 1991), known professionally as Potter Payper, is a British rapper and songwriter from Barking, London, he started rapping early and gained attention through black box freestyles and grime blogs with friend and fellow rapper KB. In 2021, he signed to the UK division of Def Jam Recordings. In 2022, his song "Gangsteritus" featuring Tiggs Da Author became his first UK top 40 single. after its use in Top Boy.

Def Jam Recordings
Def Jam Recordings (also simply known as Def Jam) is an American multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It is based in Manhattan, New York City, specializing predominantly in hip-hop, contemporary R&B, soul and pop.

The label has a London-based, UK arm known as 0207 Def Jam (formerly Def Jam UK in the 1990s until the mid-2000s) and is currently operated through EMI Records. It has a Johannesburg, South Africa and Lagos, Nigeria-based arm known as Def Jam Africa.
Eastern Transbaikalian Front
The Eastern Transbaikalian Front (Russian: Восто́чно-Забайка́льский фронт) was a Soviet partisan front from  April 21, 1919, to October 7, 1920.

Initially it consisted of three regiments which had fought against Grigory Semyonov's troops and the Japanese Expeditionary Corps. Its headquarters was in villages Bogdat and Zilovo. By September 1919 the front had already included  6 cavalry and 2 infantry regiments and 1 Chinese platoon, all in all, there were 3,000 soldiers. Its troops took part in the Battle of Bogdat.

On May 22, 1920, the front joined the 2nd Rifle Division of the Amur Front. The front together with the Amur Front was responsible for retaking Chita in October 1920.

Partisan (military)
A partisan (or partizan) is a member of a domestic irregular military force formed to oppose control of an area by a foreign power or by an army of occupation by some kind of insurgent activity.

The term can apply to the field element of resistance movements. The most common use in present parlance in several languages refers to occupation resistance fighters during World War II, especially under the Yugoslav partisan leader Josip Broz Tito.
Rail transport in Staffordshire
Rail transport in Staffordshire has a long history. Stafford itself is a major "crossroads" on the West Coast Main Line, handling passenger and freight services between London and Scotland along with traffic travelling between Manchester and Birmingham. Stoke-on-Trent was once a major railway centre, especially for traffic associated with the coal mining and pottery industries, but in recent years this traffic has almost completely disappeared.

Stoke-on-Trent
Stoke-on-Trent (often abbreviated to Stoke) is a city and unitary authority area in Staffordshire, England. It had an estimated population of 259,965 in 2022, making it the largest settlement in Staffordshire and one of the largest cities of the Midlands. Stoke is surrounded by the towns of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Alsager, Kidsgrove and Biddulph, which form a conurbation around the city.

The city is polycentric, formed from the federation of six towns in 1910. It took its name from the town of Stoke-upon-Trent, where the main centre of government and the principal railway station in the district were located. Hanley is the primary commercial centre. The other four towns which form the city are Burslem, Tunstall, Longton and Fenton.

As the home of the pottery industry in England, the area is known as The Potteries. It is a centre for service industries and distribution centres. It formerly had a primarily heavy industry sector.
John Wolf (diplomat)
John Stern Wolf (born 1948) served as a Foreign Service Officer with the Department of State from 1970–2004, including tours as the twelfth Ambassador to Malaysia, Assistant Secretary for Nonproliferation, and Chief Monitor, The Middle East Roadmap for Peace.  He retired in July 2014 as President of Eisenhower Fellowships in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Foreign Service officer
A Foreign Service officer (FSO) is a commissioned member of the United States Foreign Service. FSOs formulate and implement the foreign policy of the United States. They spend most of their careers overseas as members of U.S. embassies, consulates, and other diplomatic missions, though some receive assignments to serve at combatant commands, Congress, and educational institutions such as the various U.S. service academies.

As of 2021, there were over 8,000 FSOs.
Talkback (album)
Talkback is the third studio album by the Canadian new wave band Spoons. It was released in 1983 by Ready Records. The tracks that received airplay in Canada were "Old Emotions",
"The Rhythm" and "Talk Back". A music video was also produced for "Old Emotions", directed by Rob Quartly. This is the first Spoons album produced by Nile Rodgers.

The album was released on CD for the first time in Canada by Ready Records on 22 January 2010. The CD includes the Nile Rodgers-produced singles "Tell No Lies" and "Romantic Traffic", which were recorded after the initial release of the Talkback album.

Ready Records
Ready Records was a small but influential independent record label based out of Toronto, Canada that signed a number of new wave and indie rock bands from the early to mid-1980s.  Focusing primarily on local Toronto-area talent, it released 7" and 12" singles, LPs, and cassettes. Founded in 1979 by Angus MacKay and Andy Crosbie, the label existed between 1979 and 1985, when it folded.

Its best selling group was the Spoons, but other acts that had minor hits or received national attention included Blue Peter, Colin Linden, and Manteca.

As part of their 20th Century Masters series, Universal released two collections entitled Best of Ready Vol. 1 and Best of Ready Vol. 2.
Biser Ivanov
Biser Ivanov (Bulgarian: Бисер Иванов) (born 24 June 1973 in Sofia) is a retired Bulgarian footballer and coach, who played as a midfielder. Ivanov was nicknamed "The Legend" (Bulgarian: Легендата).

His career began and ended at Levski Elin Pelin. In between, Ivanov also played for Velbazhd Kyustendil, Chirpan, Spartak Plovdiv, Levski Sofia and Marek Dupnitsa in Bulgaria, Anorthosis in Cyprus, and for the Bulgaria national team.

PFC Spartak Plovdiv
PFC Spartak Plovdiv (Bulgarian: ПФК Спартак Пловдив) is a Bulgarian football club based in Plovdiv, which plays in the third tier of Bulgarian football, the Third League. The club was established in 1947 and folded its senior team in 2016, before being 'refounded' in 2017. Spartak currently plays its home matches at the 3,000-seat Todor Diev Stadium in the Kichuk Parizh district of Plovdiv. The stadium is named after the club's all-time greatest player Todor Diev.

Established in 1947, following the communist takeover in Bulgaria, Spartak was first enrolled in the second tier in 1952, before achieving promotion to the A Group a year later. Spartak has won two major honors, the Bulgarian Cup in 1958 and the league title in 1963. Spartak also participated in the Balkans Cup, where the team has finished as runner-up. The club has played a total of 17 seasons in the top tier A Group, most recently in 1997.
Eochaid Gonnat
Eochaid Gonnat or Gunnat ("wounding"?), son of Fiach, son of Imchad, son of Bresal, son of Sírchad, son of Fíatach Finn, was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, a High King of Ireland. He came to the throne on the death of Cormac mac Airt. He ruled for a year, before falling in battle. Sources differ as to his killer: he was either Lugaid mac Lugna, Lugaid Menn son of Óengus, or Lugna Feirtre. He was succeeded by Cormac's son Cairbre Lifechair. The chronology of Geoffrey Keating's Foras Feasa ar Éirinn dates his reign to 244–245, the Annals of the Four Masters to 266–267.

Annals of the Four Masters
The Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland (Middle Irish: Annála Ríoghachta Éireann) or the Annals of the Four Masters (Annála na gCeithre Máistrí) are chronicles of medieval Irish history. The entries span from the Deluge, dated as 2,242 years after creation to AD 1616.

The work was compiled between 1632 and 1636 under the direction of Mícheál Ó Cléirigh and his collaborators, collectively known as the Four Masters. According to modern scholarship, the compilation began at the Franciscan house of refuge at Bundrowes (Bun Drobhaoise) in Bundoran, County Donegal, which served as a base for the friars following the destruction of their original monastery at Donegal Town.
Marofoty
Marofoty is a town and commune (Malagasy: kaominina) in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Toliara II, which is a part of Atsimo-Andrefana Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 17,000 in the 2001 commune census.

Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 80% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 15% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crops are maize and cotton, while other important agricultural products are sugarcane and cassava.  Services provide employment for 5% of the population.

Atsimo-Andrefana
Atsimo-Andrefana (South West) is a region of Madagascar. It borders Menabe in north, Amoron'i Mania and Haute Matsiatra in northeast, Ihorombe and Anosy in east and Androy in southeast. The capital is Toliara and the population was 1,799,088 in 2018. Atsimo Andrefana is geographically the largest of all Malagasy regions with an area of 66,236 km2 (25,574 sq mi).
Electoral division of Daly
Daly is an electoral division of the Legislative Assembly in Australia's Northern Territory. It was created in 2001, and takes its name from the Daly River region which lies at the heart of the electorate. Daly covers some 77,395 km², encompassing the towns of Adelaide River, Acacia Hills, Batchelor, Dundee Beach, Nauiyu Nambiyu, Pine Creek, Timber Creek and Wadeye. There were 5,622 people enrolled in the electorate as of August 2020.

Nauiyu Nambiyu Community
Nauiyu Nambiyu is an Aboriginal community in the Katherine Region of the Northern Territory, Australia.

The settlement was originally founded in the 1950s as a Roman Catholic mission on Mulluk-Mulluk aboriginal land. It is located on the banks of the large perennial Daly River, near the town of Daly River, Northern Territory, and located 230 km from Darwin, the capital of the Northern Territory.
Nurmuhammet Hanamow
Nurmuhammet Çaryýewiç Hanamow (Russian: Нурмухаммед Чарыевич Ханамов, Nurmukhammed Charievich Khanamov, born 1 January 1945 in Tejen, Ashkhabad Oblast, Turkmen SSR) is a Turkmen politician. Although he served as the ambassador of Turkmenistan to Turkey and Israel during 2002, he is best known currently for his role as co-chairman of the Republican Party of Turkmenistan in exile.

Volodymyr Yelchenko, Ukraine's ambassador to Austria, was fired January 23, 2007, after he made an unauthorized offer of a visa to Ukraine for exiled Turkmen opposition leader Hudaýberdi Orazow. Orazow and opposition leader Nurmuhammet Hanamow allegedly visited Kyiv the week before and met with Ukrainian Transportation Minister Mykola Rudkovskiy, but this has been denied by several officials.

Hanamow was convicted in absentia in Turkmenistan on 29 December 2002 of crimes against the state.

Tejen
Tejen (older spellings: Tedzhen, Tejend, Tejent) is an oasis city in the Karakum Desert, in Ahal Province of Turkmenistan. It lies along the M37 highway, between Duşak and Mary, 223 kilometres (139 mi) by road southeast of Ashgabat. It has a population of approximately 67,500. To the east is the larger oasis of Mary. Khlopin suggests Tejen may have been the birthplace of Zoroaster.
Mathilde Gremaud
Mathilde Gremaud  (French pronunciation: [matild ɡʁəmo]; born 8 February 2000) is a Swiss Olympic freestyle skier and eleven-time X Games medalist. On 28 February 2023, she became the first freestyle skier to hold both slopestyle World and Olympic Champion titles after winning gold in both events. She won another gold medal at the 2026 Winter Olympics.

Freestyle skiing
Freestyle skiing is a  skiing discipline comprising aerials, moguls, cross, half-pipe, slopestyle and big air as part of the Winter Olympics. It can consist of a skier performing aerial flips and spins and can include skiers sliding rails and boxes on their skis. Known as "hot-dogging" in the early 1970s, it is also commonly referred to as freeskiing, jibbing, and many other names, around the world.
James G. Webster
James G. Webster (born 1951) is a professor and audience researcher at Northwestern University. Webster's publications have documented patterns of audience behavior, sometimes challenging widely held misconceptions. He has also made foundational contributions to audience theory and the methods of audience analysis.

International Communication Association
The International Communication Association (ICA) is an academic association for scholars interested in the study, teaching and application of all aspects of human and mediated communication.

ICA communicates within the association and with others interested in the field through various channels. The association publishes six major, peer-reviewed journals. Members receive a monthly electronic newsletter. ICA holds an annual conference at which hundreds of research papers are presented and over 2,000 scholars from all over the world participate. ICA recognizes outstanding contributions to the field through awards and fellowship programs.
Communauté d'agglomération des Sorgues du Comtat
Communauté d'agglomération des Sorgues du Comtat is a communauté d'agglomération, an intercommunal structure in the Vaucluse department, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, southeastern France. Created in 2001, its seat is in Monteux. Its name refers to the branches of the river Sorgue and the Comtat Venaissin. Its area is 154.7 km2. Its population was 50,165 in 2019.

Vaucluse
Vaucluse (French: [voklyz]; Provençal: Vauclusa (Classical norm) or Vau-Cluso (Mistralian norm)) is a department in the southeastern French region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. It had a population of 561,469 as of 2019. The department's prefecture is Avignon.

It is named after a spring, the Fontaine de Vaucluse, one of the largest karst springs in the world. The name Vaucluse itself derives from the Latin Vallis Clausa ("closed valley") as the valley ends in a cliff face from which the spring emanates.
Organometallics
Organometallics is a biweekly journal published by the American Chemical Society. Its area of focus is organometallic and organometalloid chemistry. This peer-reviewed journal has an impact factor of 3.837 as reported by the 2021 Journal Citation Reports by Thomson Reuters.

Since 2015 Paul Chirik is the editor-in-chief of Organometallics. He is an American chemist and the Edwards S. Sanford Professor of Chemistry at Princeton University, and associate director for external partnerships of the Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment. He writes about the catalysis of hydrocarbons.

Past editors-in-chief are Dietmar Seyferth and John Gladysz. This journal is indexed in Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS), British Library, CAB International, EBSCOhost, ProQuest, PubMed, SCOPUS, SwetsWise, and Web of Science.

Thomson Reuters
Thomson Reuters Corporation (/ˈrɔɪtərz/ ⓘ ROY-tərz) is a Canadian multinational content-driven technology conglomerate. The company was founded in Toronto, Ontario, and maintains its headquarters in the city at 19 Duncan Street.

Thomson Reuters was created by the Thomson Corporation's purchase of the British company Reuters Group on 17 April 2008. It is majority-owned by the Woodbridge Company, a holding company for the Thomson family of Canada.
Mohamad Yusri Bakir
Mohamad Yusri bin Bakir (Jawi: محمد يوسري بن باكير; born 1971) is a Malaysian politician and teacher who has served as Member of the Perak State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Ayer Kuning since April 2025. He is a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition. He has served as the Division Secretary of BN and UMNO of Tapah since 2020 and Branch Chief of UMNO of Kampung Sekolah since 2013. He served as the Division Information Chief of UMNO of Tapah from 2018 to 2020, Division Committee Member of Education Bureau of UMNO of Tapah in 2002 and 2008, Division Youth Committee Member of UMNO of Tapah from 2008 to 2013, Division Youth Chairman of Religious and Welfare Bureau of UMNO of Tapah from 2008 to 2013 and Deputy Branch Chief of UMNO of Kampung Sekolah from 2008 to 2013.

Tapah (federal constituency)
Tapah is a federal constituency in Batang Padang District and Hilir Perak District, Perak, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 1986.

The federal constituency was created in the 1984 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.