hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Little Bridge
The Little Bridge is an undated landscape painting by the Dutch painter Gillis Rombouts. It is now in the Musée des Beaux-Arts of Strasbourg, France. Its inventory number is 423.

Writing in 1894, the specialist Cornelis Hofstede de Groot described this painting as one of Rombout's masterpieces. At that time, it belonged to the collection of Martin Schubart in Dresden. In the year of Schubart's death, 1899, the collection was sold at an auction in Munich, where Georg Dehio bought the painting on behalf of the Strasbourg museum, for 2,900 Mark.

The Little Bridge is signed but not dated. It depicts a little wooden bridge over a canal, in which some ducks are swimming. The largest house on the right has been identified as an inn.

Masterpiece
A masterpiece, magnum opus (Latin for 'great work'), or chef-d'œuvre (French for 'master of work'; pl. chefs-d'œuvre; French: [ʃɛ.d‿œvʁ]) is a creation that has been given much critical praise, especially one that is considered the greatest work of a person's career or a work of outstanding creativity, skill, profundity, or workmanship.

Historically, a "masterpiece" was a work of a very high standard produced by an apprentice to obtain full membership, as a "master", of a craft guild or academy in various areas of the visual arts and crafts.
Hancock case
The Hancock case was an infamous criminal case in Western Australia concerning allegations that a well respected former policeman Don Hancock murdered a member of the Gypsy Joker Motorcycle Club, William "Billy" Grierson, in 2000 and that in turn the Gypsy Jokers murdered Hancock in revenge in 2001. The American biker expert Thomas Barker wrote that the murder of Hancock was the most "notorious" biker-related crime in Australia since the Milperra massacre of 1984.

Milperra massacre
The Milperra Massacre, Milperra bikie shoot-out or Father's Day Massacre was a gunfight between rival motorcycle gang members on 2 September (Father's Day in Australia) 1984, in Milperra, a south-western suburb of Sydney, New South Wales. The gunfight had its roots in the rivalry that developed after a group of Comancheros broke away and formed the first Bandidos Motorcycle Club chapter in Australia. Seven people were killed and twenty-eight injured and the event was a catalyst for significant changes to gun laws in New South Wales.
Sexless marriage
Sexless marriage or platonic marriage is a marital union that occurs between spouses in which there is little or no sexual activity involved in their relationship. The most common cause of a decline in sexual frequency is aging, followed by marital unhappiness.  Having children, sexual boredom, busy work schedules, and spousal infidelity are all factors that can lead to a sexless marriage.  Marriage in some cultures culminates in a sexless union for cultural, religious, or political reasons.

Infidelity
Infidelity (synonyms include cheating, having an affair, adultery, being unfaithful, non-consensual non-monogamy, straying or two-timing) is a violation of a couple's emotional or sexual exclusivity that commonly results in feelings of anger, sexual jealousy, and rivalry.

What constitutes infidelity depends on expectations within the relationship. In marital relationships, exclusivity is commonly assumed. Infidelity can cause psychological damage, including feelings of rage and betrayal, depression, low sexual and personal confidence, and even post-traumatic stress disorder. People of both sexes can experience social consequences if their act of infidelity becomes public, but the form and extent of these consequences can depend on the gender of the unfaithful person.
Vladimir-Volynsky Uyezd
Vladimir-Volynsky Uyezd (Russian: Владимир-Волынский уезд) was an administrative subdivision (an uyezd) of Volhynian Governorate in the Russian Empire. It was created in 1795 as Vladimirsky Uyezd within Volhynian Viceroyalty soon after the annexation of eastern Poland by Russia. Its seat was located in Volodymyr (Vladimir-Volynsky).

The uyezd was located at the western end of the governorate. To its south and southwest it bordered the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria of Austria-Hungary, to the west - Lublin Governorate of Congress Poland (Russian Empire), to the northwest the uyezd bordered Siedlce Governorate, to the north - Grodno Governorate. Its eastern borders were mutual with three other uyezds of the Volhynian Governorate - Kovelsky Uyezd (northeast), Lutsky Uyezd (east), Dubensky Uyezd - southeast.

The uyezd was subdivided into 23 volosts which were further subdivided into 337 obshchinas (communes).

Governorate (Russia)
A governorate (Russian: губе́рния, romanized: gubérniya, pre-1918 spelling: губе́рнія, IPA: [ɡʊˈbʲernʲɪjə] ⓘ) was a major and principal administrative subdivision of the Russian Empire. After the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, governorates remained as subdivisions in the Byelorussian, Russian and Ukrainian Soviet republics, and in the Soviet Union from its formation in 1922 until 1929. The term is also translated as government or province. A governorate was headed by a governor (губернатор, gubernator), a word borrowed from Latin gubernator, in turn from Greek kyvernítis (Greek: κυβερνήτης).

Selected governorates were united under an assigned governor-general such as the Grand Duchy of Finland, Congress Poland, Russian Turkestan and others. There were also military governors such as Kronstadt, Vladivostok and others. Aside from governorates, other types of divisions were oblasts (region) and okrugs (district).
Shackleton, Zimbabwe
Shackleton is a village in Mashonaland West province in Zimbabwe, near the Chinhoyi region.

It is known for the Shackleton Copper Mine, an underground copper mine which was established in 1960 and began production in 1971. The ore is described by Mindat as "sedimentary copper deposit, hosted in calcareous argillite and arkose".

In 2000, Shackleton was shut down, as copper mining declined. Along with Mhangura, Sutton, Vanad, and Kildonan, the mining towns became ghost towns, changing from thriving communities to impoverished small villages.

Mindat.org
Mindat.org is a non-commercial interactive online database covering minerals around the world. Originally created by Jolyon Ralph as a private project in 1993, it was launched as a community-editable website in October 2000. As of 2023 it is operated by the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy.
Karin Waehner
Karin Waehner (birth name Ruth Karin Margarete Wähner, 1926–1999) was a German-born dancer and choreographer who is remembered for bringing modern dance to France after settling in Paris in the early 1950s. Initially a pupil of Mary Wigman in Leipzig, she received further training in Paris from choreographers including Boris Knyazev and Jacqueline Robinson (dancer). After acquiring French nationality in 1958, she founded her own company, Les ballets contemporains Karin Waehner. She taught at the Schola Cantorum de Paris from 1960. In 1982, she ran a modern dance course in La Rochelle, the first in any French conservatory. She is remembered as an outstanding instructor, training dancers from France and abroad.

Schola Cantorum de Paris
The Schola Cantorum de Paris (schola cantorum being Latin for 'singers' school') is a private music conservatory located in the Latin Quarter of Paris. It was founded in 1894 by Charles Bordes, Alexandre Guilmant and Vincent d'Indy as a counterbalance to the Paris Conservatoire's emphasis on opera.
Frieder
Frieder is both a surname and a masculine given name, a variant of Friedrich. People with the name include:

Surname:

Armin Frieder (1911–1946), Slovak Neolog rabbi

Bill Frieder (1942), former basketball coach

Katalin Frieder (1915–1991), Hungarian pianist

Given name:

Frieder Bernius (1947), German conductor

Frieder Birzele (1940–2023), German politician

Frieder Burda (1936–2019), German art collector

Frieder Gröger (1934–2018), German mycologist

Frieder Lippmann (1936–2023), German politician

Frieder Nake (1938), German computer scientist

Frieder Weissmann (1893–1984), German conductor and composer

Frieder Zschoch (1932–2016), German musicologist

Frieder Nake
Frieder Nake (born December 16, 1938) is a mathematician, computer scientist, and pioneer of computer art. He is best known internationally for his contributions to the earliest manifestations of computer art, a field of computing that made its first public appearances with three small exhibitions in 1965.
Edmonde S. Beauzile
Edmonde Supplice Beauzile (born October 14, 1961) is a Haitian politician. She served in the Chamber of Deputies and Senate and was leader of the Fusion of Haitian Social Democrats from 2011 to 2018.

She was born in Belladère and grew up there and in Maïssade. She was educated at the Lycée Marie-Jeanne and the École Normale Supérieure. She went on to study legal sciences at the Université d'État d'Haïti and received a master's degree in education from the Université de Montréal in 1993. Beauzile served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1990 to 1994 and as a member of the Haitian senate from 2006 to 2012. She also served as the senate's vice-president.

She was elected president of the Fusion of Haitian Social Democrats in September 2011. Beauzile was replaced as party president in August 2018.

Beauzile was considered a serious contender for president of Haiti in the November 2016 Haitian presidential election.

Fusion of Haitian Social Democrats
The Fusion of Haitian Social Democrats (Haitian Creole: Fizyon Sosyodemokrat Ayiti, IPA: [fuzjɔ̃ sosjodemokɣat ajiti]; French: Fusion des Sociaux-Démocrates Haïtiens, IPA: [fyzjɔ̃ de sɔsjodemɔkʁat a.isjɛn]) —also translated in some sources as Union of Haitian Social Democrats— is a political party in Haiti.
Supermax (Spanish TV series)
Supermax is a television series created and directed by Daniel Burman and co-produced by Mediaset España Comunicación, Central Globo de Produção, Televisión Azteca, Teledoce, and Televisión Pública Argentina. The series follows the story of eight characters who purge their guilty for criminal acts they have committed in the past in a reality show recorded in an abandoned high security prison, where years before there was a big slaughter. It stars Santiago Segura, Cecilia Roth and Rubén Cortada.

The series premiered on September 15, 2017 on HBO Spain, later to be released on October 5, 2017 on Televisión Azteca.

Televisión Pública
Televisión Pública (Public Television, abbreviated TVP, callsign LS 82 TV Canal 7) is a publicly owned Argentine television network, the national public broadcaster. It began broadcasting in 1951, when LR3 Radio Belgrano Televisión channel 7 in Buenos Aires, its key station and the first television station in the country, signed on the air.
Crystal Mosque
The Crystal Mosque or Masjid Kristal is a mosque in Wan Man, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia. A grand structure made of steel, glass and crystal, the mosque is located at the Islamic Heritage Park on the island of Wan Man. The mosque was constructed between 2006 and 2008, and was officially inaugurated on 8 February 2008 by the 13th Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu. It has the capacity to accommodate over 1,500 worshipers at a time.

Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu
Al-Wathiqu Billah Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin ibni Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah (Jawi: الواثق بالله سلطان ميزان زين العابدين ابن المرحوم سلطان محمود المکتفي بالله شاه; born 22 January 1962) is the Sultan of Terengganu, reigning since 1998. He previously reigned as the King of Malaysia, from 2006 to 2011.
Artturi Vuorimaa
Artturi Vilho Vuorimaa (until 1923 Vilhelm Arthur Blomberg, August 8, 1890, Helsinki – October 28, 1972, Helsinki) was a Finnish Lapua movement activist, who played a key role in the Mäntsälä Rebellion in 1932.

Lapua Movement
The Lapua Movement (Finnish: Lapuanliike, Swedish: Lapporörelsen) was a radical Finnish nationalist, fascist, pro-German and anti-communist political movement founded in and named after the town of Lapua. Led by Vihtori Kosola, it turned towards far-right politics after its founding and was banned after a failed coup d'etat attempt in 1932. The movement's anti-communist activities continued in the parliamentarian Patriotic People's Movement.
Sri Venkateswara University
Sri Venkateswara University (commonly referred as S. V. University or SVU) is a public state university located in Tirupati in Andhra Pradesh, India. The university is named after Lord Venkateswara, whose shrine is located in the city.

The university was founded in 1954 by the then Chief minister of Andhra Pradesh, Tanguturi Prakasam Pantulu and Siram Govindarajulu Naidu as its founder vice-chancellor. The university campus covers a large area on land leased by Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams. It is located on the West side of Tirupati, surrounded by the other universities in the city, namely Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Sri Venkateswara Vedic University, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences and National Sanskrit University.

State university (India)
In India, state universities are run and funded by the state government of each of the states of India.

Following the adoption of the Constitution of India in 1950, education became a state responsibility. Following a constitutional change in 1976, it became a joint responsibility of the states and the central government.

As of 23 August 2022, the UGC lists 456 state universities.
2023 APF División Intermedia
The 2023 División Intermedia season, named "Homenaje a Don Alejandro Dos Santos", was the 105th season of the second-tier league of Paraguayan football and 26th under the División Intermedia name. The season began on 31 March and ended on 9 October 2023, and the fixtures for the season were announced on 14 December 2022.

Sol de América won their fourth title in the competition, securing the championship with two rounds to go after a 2–1 victory over Martín Ledesma on 25 September. The other promoted team was 2 de Mayo, who clinched their promotion two rounds prior to the end of the season with a 1–1 draw with 3 de Febrero on 23 September.

Club Martín Ledesma
Club General Martín Ledesma, is a Paraguayan football club based in the city of Capiatá in the Central Department. The club was founded 22 September 1914 and plays in Primera División B Metropolitana, one of the third-tier leagues of the Paraguayan football league system. Their home games are played at the Estadio Enrique Soler.
1980–81 Biathlon World Cup
The 1980–81 Biathlon World Cup was a multi-race tournament over a season of biathlon, organised by the UIPMB (Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne et Biathlon). The season started on 15 January 1981 in Jáchymov, Czechoslovakia, and ended on 5 April 1981 in Hedenäset, Sweden. It was the fourth season of the Biathlon World Cup, and it was only held for men.

Heikki Ikola
Heikki Johannes Ikola (born 9 September 1947) is a Finnish former biathlete. Together with his countryman Juhani Suutarinen he became dominant in the 1970s and the early 1980s. In 1975 he became double world champion in both the 20 km and the relay. He also won the sprint title in 1977 and 1981.

Nowadays Ikola works as a commentator for Finnish channel Yle.
Jan Paul Hinrichs
Jan Paul Hinrichs (born 1956) is a Dutch writer, Slavicist, and translator. He studied Slavic languages and literature, with Italian as a minor, at Leiden University from 1975 to 1981 and Sofia University from 1979 to 1980. His grandfather was the artist and gallery owner Johan D. Scherft.

Sofia University
Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski" (Bulgarian: Софийски университет „Св. Климент Охридски“) is a public research university in Sofia, Bulgaria. It is the oldest institution of higher education in Bulgaria.

Founded on 1 October 1888, the edifice of the university was constructed between 1924 and 1934 with the financial support of the brothers Evlogi Georgiev and Hristo Georgiev (whose sculptures are now featured on its façade) and has an area of 18,624 m2 and a total of 324 premises. The university has 16 faculties and three departments, where over 21,000 students receive their education. The current rector is Georgi Valchev.
Ganesh Thapa
Ganesh Thapa (Nepali: गणेश थापा) is a retired international football player and a former president of the All Nepal Football Association (ANFA). He was formerly the president of the South Asian Football Federation and the vice president of Asian Football Confederation (AFC). He is considered one of the greatest Nepali footballers of all time. He scored the first international goal for Nepal against Philippines in King’s Cup - Bangkok, Thailand in 1982. He also served as Member of Parliament in Constituent Assembly of Nepal.

2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly
The Second Constituent Assembly of Nepal, later converted to the Legislature Parliament (Nepali: व्यवस्थापिका संसद), was a unicameral legislature of Nepal. It was elected in the 2013 Constituent Assembly elections after the failure of the first Constituent Assembly (CA) to promulgate a new constitution. The Assembly converted into a legislative parliament after the constitution was promulgated in 2015. The legislature parliament's term ended on 14 October 2017.
Wagoo
Wagoo (lit. 'reed mat'), also spelled as waguv, and known by the variant name patig, is a Kashmiri traditional mat crafted from reed and rice straw, predominantly using Typha angustifolia, a grass commonly found near water bodies such as ponds, lakes, and drainage channels. Artisans who craft wagoo are referred to as "wagoo weavers". This practice is one of the oldest traditions of the Kashmir Valley and has been a part of its culture for nearly 300 years.

Wagoo serve as insulation during chillai kalan (winter) and as a cooling surface in summer. They are typically lightweight. The Typha angustifolia grass is harvested when it reaches a height of 4 to 6 feet and is woven into traditional structures. Being biodegradable, these mats are believed to contribute to health benefits, such as supporting low back pain and improving circulation. However, these claims are not supported by scientific evidence and thus remained uncertain.

Kashmir Valley
The Kashmir Valley, also known as the Vale of Kashmir, is an intermontane valley in the northern part of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir. The valley is surrounded by the ranges of the Himalayas, bounded on the southwest by the Pir Panjal Range and on the northeast by the Greater Himalayan Range. It is approximately 135 km (84 mi) long and 32 km (20 mi) wide, and drained by the Jhelum River. It falls entirely within the Kashmir Division of Jammu and Kashmir.
Simd (dance)
The Simd (Ossetian: симд) is an Ossetian folk group dance. Time signature 4/4, 2/4. The beauty of Simd is in the strict graphic outline of the dance, the contrast between black and white costumes, the softness of movements, the strictness of line formations, and the harmony created by all of the above.

In South Ossetia there is the State song and dance ensemble "Simd".

Ossetian language
Ossetian (/ɒˈsɛtiən/ o-SET-ee-ən, /ɒˈsiːʃən/ o-SEE-shən, /oʊˈsiːʃən/ oh-SEE-shən), commonly referred to as Ossetic and rarely as Ossete, is an Eastern Iranian language that is spoken predominantly in Ossetia, a region situated on both sides of the Russian-Georgian border in the Greater Caucasus region. It is the native language of the Ossetian people, and a relative and possibly a descendant of the extinct Scythian, Sarmatian, and Alanic languages.

The northern half of the Ossetian region is part of Russia and is known as North Ossetia–Alania, while the southern half is part of the de facto country of South Ossetia (recognized by the United Nations as Russian-occupied territory that is de jure part of Georgia). Ossetian-speakers number about 614,350, with 451,000 recorded in Russia per the 2010 Russian census.

Despite Ossetian being the official languages of both North and South Ossetia, since 2009 UNESCO has listed Ossetian as "vulnerable".
Von Neumann regular ring
In mathematics, a von Neumann regular ring is a ring R (associative, with 1, not necessarily commutative) such that for every element a in R there exists an x in R with a = axa. One may think of x as a "weak inverse" of the element a; in general x is not uniquely determined by a.  Von Neumann regular rings are also called absolutely flat rings, because these rings are characterized by the fact that every left R-module is flat.

Von Neumann regular rings were introduced by von Neumann (1936) under the name of "regular rings", in the course of his study of von Neumann algebras and continuous geometry.  Von Neumann regular rings should not be confused with the unrelated regular rings and regular local rings of commutative algebra.

An element a of a ring is called a von Neumann regular element if there exists an x such that a = axa.  An ideal  is called a (von Neumann) regular ideal if for every element a in  there exists an element x in  such that a = axa.

Commutative algebra
Commutative algebra, first known as ideal theory, is the branch of algebra that studies commutative rings, their ideals, and modules over such rings. Both algebraic geometry and algebraic number theory build on commutative algebra. Prominent examples of commutative rings include polynomial rings; rings of algebraic integers, including the ordinary integers ; and p-adic integers.

Commutative algebra is the main technical tool of algebraic geometry, and many results and concepts of commutative algebra are strongly related with geometrical concepts.

The study of rings that are not necessarily commutative is known as noncommutative algebra; it includes ring theory, representation theory, and the theory of Banach algebras.
Ewyas Lacy
Ewyas Lacy was an ancient hundred in south-west Herefordshire. It was part of the ancient Welsh region of Ewyas claimed by the de Lacy family following the Norman Conquest. It equated to the modern civil parishes of Craswall, Cusop, Llancillo, Llanveynoe, Longtown (with Clodock), Michaelchurch Escley, Newton, Rowlestone, St Margarets, and Walterstone.

Ewyas Lacy ceased to be used as an administrative entity with the passing of the Local Government Act 1888. The final residual copyholds were converted to freeholds in the Law of Property Act 1922.

Walterstone
Walterstone is a village and civil parish in Herefordshire, England, near the Welsh border and the Brecon Beacons National Park, 14 miles (23 km) south-west of Hereford. The parish had a population of 97 in the 2001 UK Census and is grouped with Craswall, Llanveynoe and Longtown to form Longtown Group Parish Council for administrative purposes.
Tip Top, Texas
Tip Top is a ghost town located on the Henderson and Overton Railroad, in Rusk County, Texas, United States, about 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Henderson. The community was home to the headquarters of an oil company and had infrastructures such as loading tracks and oil storage.

Henderson, Texas
Henderson is a city and the county seat of Rusk County, Texas, United States. Its population was 13,271 at the 2020 census. Henderson is named for James Pinckney Henderson, the first governor of Texas.

The city has functioned as a major crossroads in Northeast Texas over the last two centuries. Several major highways pass through the business district of the town, including U.S. Route 259, Texas State Highway 64, U.S. Route 79, Texas State Highway 43, Texas State Highway 42, and Texas State Highway 64.

Annual events in the city of Henderson include the Heritage Syrup Festival in November, celebrating the East Texas tradition of sorghum syrup making, and the East Texas Sacred Harp Convention in August featuring shape note music.