hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Brady Glacier
Brady Glacier is a 24-mile (39 km) long  glacier located in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve in the U.S. state of Alaska. It begins at 58°40′N 136°47′W﻿ / ﻿58.667°N 136.783°W﻿ / 58.667; -136.783 and trends south to Taylor Bay, 46 miles (74 km) northwest of Hoonah. It was named by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey for missionary and later governor Rev. Mr Brady O'Keefe.

When George Vancouver first set eyes on the Brady Glacier in 1794, it was a calving tidewater glacier that dumped ice into the Taylor Bay. The following century, the glacier advanced eight kilometers. This advance was taken by Bengston (1962) as a sign of the glacier changing from a tidal to non-tidal one. Bengston also stated that the huge outwash plain at the glacier's terminus allows it to preserve itself even as most glaciers in the region retreated. The Brady Glacier has an ELA (the line above which snow remains even after summer's end) of only 800 meters, one of the lowest in Alaska.

George Vancouver
Captain George Vancouver (/vænˈkuːvər/; 22 June 1757 – 10 May 1798) was a Royal Navy officer and explorer best known for leading the Vancouver Expedition, which explored and charted North America's northwestern Pacific Coast regions, including the coasts of what became the Canadian province of British Columbia and the U.S. states of Alaska, Washington, Oregon and California. The expedition also explored the Hawaiian Islands and the southwest coast of Australia.

Various places named for Vancouver include Vancouver Island, the city of Vancouver in British Columbia, Vancouver River on the Sunshine Coast of British Columbia, Vancouver, Washington, in the United States, Mount Vancouver on the Canadian–US border between Yukon and Alaska, and New Zealand's fourth-highest mountain, also Mount Vancouver.
The Liars' Club
The Liars' Club is a memoir by the American author Mary Karr. Published in 1995 by Viking Adult, the book tells the story of Karr's childhood in the 1960s in a small industrial town in Southeast Texas. The title refers to her father and his friends who would gather together to drink and tell stories when they were not working at the local oil refinery or the chemical plant.

The book was a New York Times bestseller. In addition to winning the PEN/Martha Albrand Award, the memoir was a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award. In 2005, a 10-year anniversary edition was published with an added introduction from Karr. The Liars' Club is credited for launching a resurgence in the popularity of the memoir genre.

After the success of The Liars' Club, Karr followed up with two more memoirs: Cherry, which picks up at the end of The Liars' Club, was published in 2001, and Lit which was published in 2009.

PEN American Center inactive awards
The PEN America Literary Awards have been characterized as being among the "major" American literary prizes. The awards are among many PEN awards sponsored by International PEN in over 145 PEN centres around the world.

Many of the awards once presented by the PEN American Center (today PEN America) are no longer issued, including those listed below.
Roussel (automobile)
The Roussel was a French automobile manufactured from 1908 to 1914. The company produced light cars, voiturettes, and cabs at a factory in Charleville-Mézières; it offered four-cylinder 10 and 12 hp engines.

Charleville-Mézières
Charleville-Mézières (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁləvil mezjɛʁ] ⓘ) is a commune of northern France and the prefecture of the Ardennes department, in the Grand Est region.
Charleville-Mézières is located on the banks of the river Meuse.
Battle of Beni Mered
The Battle of Beni Mered took place in April 1842 between the French forces and the Algerian resistance from southern Algiers (Boufarik to Beni Mered in Blida Province). The French had established a military reserve camp around the town of Beni Mered between Blida and Boufarik.

The Berber horsemen under Ahmed bin Salem extended their operations from the region of Kabylia to the Mitidja Plain in early 1842 by attacking the French forces around the area of Béni Mered.The attack took place on April 11, 1842, not far from the French military reserve camp, against a detachment of 22 French soldiers under the command of Sergent Blandan. About 300 Berber horsemen under Ahmed bin Salem attacked and annihilated the French detachment. When reinforcements under lieutenant-colonel Morris arrived, forcing the Algerians to withdraw, only five men were still standing.

Sergent Blandan
Jean Pierre Hippolyte Blandan (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ pjɛʁ ipɔlit blɑ̃dɑ̃]; 9 February 1819 – 12 April 1842) was a French soldier, known for his historic resistance on the battlefield at Boufarik in Algeria. He was posthumously made a Chevalier of the Legion of Honour.
Confection of hyacinth
In pre-modern medicine, the confection of hyacinth had nearly the same virtues with that of alkermes; but, beside that, was frequently used as an astringent. It consisted of nearly triple the number of drugs; of which the precious stone, called hyacinth, was the base. The other chief ingredients were red coral, bole armoniac, terra sigillata, myrrh, the santals, burnt hartshorn, camphor, sapphire, emerald, topaz, uranium, and most of the ingredients of the confection of alkermes.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chambers, Ephraim, ed. (1728). Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences (1st ed.). James and John Knapton, et al. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences
Cyclopædia: or, an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences is a British encyclopedia prepared by Ephraim Chambers and first published in 1728. Six more editions appeared between 1728 and 1751, and there was a Supplement in 1753. The Cyclopædia was one of the first general encyclopedias produced in English.
Brooke, Virginia
Brooke is an unincorporated community in Stafford County, Virginia, United States.

Brooke is the site of the Andrew Chapel United Methodist Church and Cemetery, and a Virginia Railway Express commuter rail station. Near the VRE station is the Stafford Civil War Park, that was established in April 2013. Along the shores of the Potomac River's Aquia Creek is the Crow's Nest Natural Area Preserve and the Aquia Landing Park.  The ZIP Code for Brooke is 22430.

The nearby Potomac Creek, 44ST2 was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

Potomac Creek, 44ST2
Potomac Creek, or 44ST2, is a late Native American village located on the Potomac River in Stafford County, Virginia. It is from the Woodland Period and dates from 1300 to 1550. There is another Potomac Creek site, 44ST1 or Indian Point, which was occupied by the Patawomeck during the historic period and is where Captain John Smith visited. This site no longer exists, as it eroded away into the river. Site 44ST2 has five ossuaries, one individual burial, and one multiple burial. Other names for the site are Potowemeke and Patawomeke. The defining features include distinctive ceramics, ossuary burials, and palisade villages.
BSE SENSEX
The BSE SENSEX (also known as the S&P Bombay Stock Exchange Sensitive Index or simply  SENSEX) is an Indian free-float market-weighted stock market index of 30 well-established and financially sound companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange. The 30 constituent companies which are some of the largest and most actively traded stocks, are representative of various industrial sectors of the Indian economy. Published since 1 January 1986, the S&P BSE SENSEX is regarded as the pulse of the domestic stock markets in India. The base value of the SENSEX was taken as 100 on 1 April 1979 and its base year as 1978–79. On 25 July 2001, BSE launched DOLLEX-, a dollar-linked version of the SENSEX.

Capitalization-weighted index
A capitalization-weighted (or cap-weighted) index, also called a market-value-weighted index is a stock market index whose components are weighted according to the total market value of their outstanding shares.  Every day an individual stock's price changes and thereby changes a stock index's value. The impact that individual stock's price change has on the index is proportional to the company's overall market value (the share price multiplied by the number of outstanding shares), in a capitalization-weighted index. In other types of indices, different ratios are used.

For example, the NYSE Amex Composite Index (XAX) is composed of all of the securities traded on the exchange including stocks and American depositary receipts (ADRs). The weighting of each component shifts with changes to each securities' price and the number of shares outstanding. The index moves in line with changes in price of the component.

Stock market indices are a type of economic index.
G.L.O.S.S.
G.L.O.S.S. (Girls Living Outside Society's Shit) was a trans-feminist hardcore punk band based out of Olympia, Washington. The group formed in 2014 and consisted of members Corey Evans (drums), Sadie "Switchblade" Smith (vocals), Jake Bison (guitar), Tannrr Hainsworth (guitar), and Julaya Antolin (bass guitar).

Maximum Rocknroll
Maximumrocknroll, often written as Maximum Rocknroll and usually abbreviated as MRR, is a not-for-profit monthly online zine of punk subculture and radio show of punk music. Based in San Francisco, MRR focuses on punk rock and hardcore music, and primarily features artist interviews and music reviews. Op/ed columns and news roundups are regular features as well, including submissions from international contributors. By 1990, it "had become the de facto bible of the scene". MRR is considered to be one of the most important zines in punk, not only because of its wide-ranging coverage, but because it has been a consistent and influential presence in the ever-changing punk community for over three decades. From 1992 to 2011, it published a guide called Book Your Own Fuckin' Life.

Since 2019, MMR has been an online-only publication.
Tabula Rasa (film)
Tabula Rasa is a 2014 drama film directed by Adriyanto Dewo in his directorial debut from a screenplay written by Tumpal Tampubolon. The film stars Jimmy Kobogau, Dewi Irawan, Yayu Unru, and Ozzol Ramdan.

The film was theatrically released in Indonesia on 24 September 2014. It received four Citra Awards at the 2014 Indonesian Film Festival, including Best Director for Dewo.

Citra Award for Best Director
The Citra Award for Best Director (Indonesian: Piala Citra untuk Sutradara Terbaik) is an award given at the annual Indonesian Film Festival (FFI) to Indonesian film directors in recognition for their achievement in the previous year. The Citra Awards, described by Screen International as "Indonesia's equivalent to the Oscars", are the country's most prestigious film awards and are intended to recognize achievements in films as well as to draw public interest to the film industry.

Yandy Laurens is the most recent winner with his  film Sore: Wife from the Future at the 2025 ceremony.
Yordanka Mincheva-Stefanova
Yordanka Hristova Mincheva - Stefanova (Bulgarian: Йорданка Христова Минчева - Стефанова) (29 August 1923 – 28 April 2007), Aka Jordanka Mincheva - Stefanova, Jordanka Minčeva - Stefanova, was a Bulgarian geologist, mineralogist and crystallographer. Her scientific interests were in sulphide mineralogy, crystal chemistry and genesis of minerals - sulphides, carbonates, arsenates, silicates etc.

Arsenate
The arsenate is an ion with the chemical formula AsO3−4. Bonding in arsenate consists of a central arsenic atom, with oxidation state +5, double bonded to one oxygen atom and single bonded to a further three oxygen atoms. The four oxygen atoms orient around the arsenic atom in a tetrahedral geometry. Resonance disperses the ion's −3 charge across all four oxygen atoms.

Arsenate readily reacts with metals to form arsenate metal compounds. Arsenate is a moderate oxidizer and an electron acceptor, with an electrode potential of +0.56 V for its reduction to arsenite. Due to arsenic having the same valency and similar atomic radius to phosphorus, arsenate shares similar geometry and reactivity with phosphate. Arsenate can replace phosphate in biochemical reactions and is toxic to most organisms.
Mountain masked apalis
The mountain masked apalis (Apalis personata), also known as the black-faced apalis, is a species of bird in the family Cisticolidae.  It is native to the Albertine Rift montane forests.  It was first described in 1902.

Cisticolidae
The family Cisticolidae is a group of about 160 warblers, small passerine birds found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They were formerly included within the Old World warbler family Sylviidae.

This family probably originated in Africa, which has the majority of species, but there are representatives of the family across tropical Asia into Australasia, and one species, the zitting cisticola, breeds in Europe.

These are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub. They are often difficult to see and many species are similar in appearance, so the song is often the best identification guide. These are insectivorous birds which nest low in vegetation.
Lady (sculpture)
Lady is an outdoor sculpture by Jan Zach, installed outside the Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art, between Prince Lucien Campbell Hall and Condon Hall, on the University of Oregon campus in Eugene, Oregon, in the United States. The 14-foot (4.3 m) painted steel sculpture was donated to the museum in 2014. It was commissioned by Inacio Peixoto, in memory of his wife, and marked Zach's final work. The sculpture was a work in progress when Zach died in 1986, but his former student Jerry Harpster was able to fabricate Zach's original vision.

Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art
see also the Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington

Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art (JSMA) is an art museum located on the campus of the University of Oregon in Eugene, Oregon. The original building was designed by Ellis F. Lawrence as part of his "main university quadrangle," now known as the Memorial Quadrangle. Its first Director, Asian art collector, and female museum specialist Gertrude Bass Warner, also influenced the building's design, particularly its innovative climate control measures. The museum is accredited by the American Alliance of Museums.
KV47
Tomb KV47, located in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt, was used for the burial of Pharaoh Siptah of the Nineteenth Dynasty. It was discovered on December 18, 1905 by Edward R. Ayrton, excavating on behalf of Theodore M. Davis; Siptah's mummy had been found earlier, cached in KV35. It was the last of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Dynasty kings tombs to be uncovered in the Valley. Ayrton stopped his excavation in 1907 due to safety fears, and Harry Burton returned in 1912 to dig further. The cutting of a side passage was halted after the workmen cut into Side Chamber Ja of the tomb of Tia'a (KV32). The tomb was unfinished at the time of its use.

Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt
The Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XIX), also known as the Ramessid  dynasty, is classified as the second Dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian New Kingdom period, lasting from 1292 BC to 1189 BC. The 19th Dynasty and the 20th Dynasty furthermore together constitute an era known as the Ramesside period. This Dynasty was founded by Vizier Ramesses I, whom Pharaoh Horemheb chose as his successor to the throne.
Keith Brown (pole vaulter)
Keith Spalding Brown (June 1913 – July 1991) was an American athlete, politician and businessman. He broke the pole vault world record both indoors and outdoors and was also a good high jumper. He later became involved in politics and served as the Republican Party's state chairman in Arizona for two years.

Men's pole vault world record progression
The first world record in the men's pole vault was recognized by the International Association of Athletics Federations in 1912.

As of April 20, 2024, 80 world records have been ratified by the IAAF (now World Athletics) in the event. Since 2000, World Athletics makes no distinction between indoor and outdoor settings when establishing pole vault world records. This new rule was not applied retroactively. The introduction in the early 1950s of flexible vaulting poles made from composites such as fiberglass or carbon fiber allowed vaulters to achieve greater height. The present record of 6.30 m (20 ft 8 in) was set by Armand Duplantis, competing at the 2025 World Athletics Championships in Tokyo, Japan.
Great Yarmouth Borough Council elections
Great Yarmouth Borough Council elections are held every four years to elect Great Yarmouth Borough Council in Norfolk, England. Since the last boundary changes in 2004, 39 councillors have been elected from 17 wards. Prior to 2019 elections were held three years out of every four for a third of the council at a time.

Great Yarmouth rejected the introduction of a directly elected mayor by 15,595 votes to 10,051 in a referendum in 2011, held at the same time as the 2011 election.

Borough of Great Yarmouth
The Borough of Great Yarmouth is a local government district with borough status in Norfolk, England. It is named after its main town, Great Yarmouth, and also contains the town of Gorleston-on-Sea and a number of villages and rural areas, including part of The Broads. Other notable settlements include Bastwick, Belton, Bradwell, Burgh Castle, Caister-on-Sea, California, Fleggburgh, Hemsby, Martham, Hopton-on-Sea, Ormesby St Margaret, Rollesby, St Olaves, Scratby, Stokesby and Winterton-on-Sea.

The borough is on the east coast of Norfolk, facing the North Sea. It borders North Norfolk to the north, Broadland to the west, South Norfolk to the south-west, and East Suffolk to the south.
Aiko Climaco
Aiko Climaco (born 6 August 1989) is a Filipino actress, model and comedian. She was formerly known as a member of ASF dancer for Wowowee. She was a member for Banana Split Girls with former SexBomb Sunshine Garcia and Jef Gaitan, which featured in January 2014 issue of FHM Philippines, and being solo for February 2015. She also dubbed with volleyball superstar Rachel Anne Daquis as the Sexiest Twin Towers, which finally join with each other at the FHM BroCon (FHM 100 Sexiest Woman Party). Climaco with Myrtle Sarrosa led a newly formed girl group named Star Magic Angels.

Wowowee
Wowowee (Tagalog pronunciation: [ˌwaː.wɐˈwiː]) is a Philippine television variety show broadcast by ABS-CBN, The show underwent three iterations with Willie Revillame serving as main host for its first two seasons which ran from February 5, 2005 to February 4, 2006 replacing MTB Ang Saya Saya before being replaced by Alay sa Kapamilya in the wake of the ULTRA stampede; and from March 11, 2006 to May 4, 2010 replacing Alay sa Kapamilya.

After a period without a main host from May 5 to May 13, 2010, guest-hosts were fielded by ABS-CBN for two-week shifts until Wowowee's cancellation on July 30, 2010 and replacement by Pilipinas Win Na Win,

All iterations of the program aired Mondays to Saturdays at 12:00 pm as with Pilipinas,  Game KNB? serving as the network's 10:30 AM lead-in until October 24, 2009 when It’s Showtime took over.
Stenhammar Palace
Stenhammar is a palace and mansion located outside Flen in Södermanland County, Sweden, about 120 kilometers southwest of Stockholm. It is situated right by the Western Main Line railway (Västra stambanan).

Stenhammar is owned by the State and it has been leased to King Carl XVI Gustaf since 1966, but is not considered a crown palace. The previous leaseholder was Prince Wilhelm, Duke of Södermanland (younger brother of the King's paternal grandfather) who lived there and held it until his death. Stenhammar was donated to the state by landowner and courtier Robert von Kræmer in 1903, and the will stipulates that it should be leased out to a prince of the royal house, preferably a Duke of Södermanland, if there is one.

In August 2023 King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia received Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky at the palace as a part of the latter's visit to Sweden to discuss the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Duchies in Sweden
Duchies in Sweden have been allotted since the 13th century to powerful Swedes, almost always to princes of Sweden (only in some of the dynasties) and wives of the latter. From the beginning these duchies were often centers of regional power, where their dukes and duchesses had considerable executive authority of their own, under the central power of their kings or queens regnant. Since the reign of King Gustav III the titles have practically been nominal, with which their bearers only rarely have enjoyed any ducal authority, though often maintaining specially selected leisure residences in their provinces and some limited measure of cultural attachment to them.
Wilson Dallam Wallis
Wilson Dallam Wallis (March 7, 1886 – March 15, 1970) was an American anthropologist. He is remembered for his studies of "primitive" or nature-based science and religions.

Wallis was born in Forest Hill, Maryland. He completed an undergraduate degree in philosophy and law at Dickinson College, and in 1907 went up to Wadham College, Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar, studying Edward Burnett Tylor. He received his doctorate from the University of Pennsylvania in 1915.

From 1923 to 1954, he taught at the University of Minnesota. After retiring from Minnesota, he taught for a time at Annhurst College. He died in South Woodstock, Connecticut.

South Woodstock, Connecticut
South Woodstock is a village and census-designated place (CDP) in Woodstock, Connecticut, United States. The population was 1,291 at the 2010 census.

It is notable as the former home of the now-defunct Annhurst College.
Listed buildings in Lower Allithwaite
Lower Allithwaite is a civil parish in Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England. It contains 98 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, three are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish includes the villages of Cartmel, which contains most of the listed buildings in the parish, and Allithwaite, and the surrounding countryside.  Most of the listed buildings are houses and associated structures, shops, public houses and hotels, farmhouses, and farm buildings.  The other listed buildings include churches and items in the churchyard, crosses, a tower house, the gatehouse to a former priory, limekilns, bridges, guide stones, a lamppost, a school, a Quaker meeting house, a war memorial, and a village lock-up.

Gatehouse
A gatehouse is a type of fortified gateway, an entry control point building, enclosing or accompanying a gateway for a town, religious house, castle, manor house, or other fortification building of importance. Gatehouses are typically the most heavily armed section of a fortification, to compensate for being structurally the weakest and the most probable attack point by an enemy. There are numerous surviving examples in France, Austria, Germany, England and Japan.
Lorenzo Pasqualigo
Lorenzo Pasqualigo was a Venetian at the court of Henry VIII of England. He was based in London, and his brother, Pietro Pasqualigo, was the Venetian ambassador to Lisbon. Lorenzo's extant letters have been used to learn about the early travels of John Cabot to the American coastline.

John Cabot
John Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto [dʒoˈvanni kaˈbɔːto]; c. 1450 – c. 1499) was an Italian navigator and explorer. His 1497 voyage to the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII, King of England is the earliest known European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century.
To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments declared Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland as representing Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed.