hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chaheru, Phagwara
Chaheru  is a village in Phagwara Tehsil in Kapurthala district of Punjab State, India. It is located 40 kilometres (25 mi) from Kapurthala, 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from Phagwara. 128 kilometres (80 mi) from State capital Chandigarh.  The village is administrated by a Sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per the constitution of India and Panchayati raj.

Kapurthala
Kapurthala (Punjabi pronunciation: [kə.puːɾ.t̪ʰə.läː]) is a city in the Punjab state of India. It is the administrative headquarters of the Kapurthala District. It was the capital of the Kapurthala State, a princely state in British India. It is an immediate neighbour of Jalandhar city proper, and a part of the Jalandhar Metropolitan Region. The aesthetic mix of the city, with its prominent buildings based on French and Indo-Saracenic architecture self-narrate its princely past. And for this reason, it has often been referred to as the “Paris of Punjab”. It is also known as the 'City of Palaces & Gardens'. According to the 2011 census, Kapurthala is the least populated city in India.
Bans, Raebareli
Bans is a village located in Sataon block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, its population is 1,341, in 244 households. It has two primary schools and no healthcare facilities.

The 1961 census recorded Bans as comprising 3 hamlets, with a total population of 615 people (282 male and 333 female), in 113 households and 103 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 579 acres.

The 1981 census recorded Bans as having a population of 796 people, in 157 households, and having an area of 234.73 hectares. The main staple foods were given as wheat and rice.

Raebareli district
Raebareli district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The city of Raebareli is the district headquarters. This district is a part of Lucknow Division in Uttar Pradesh state. The total area of Raebareli district is 3,371 Sq. km.

As of 2011, its population is 3,405,559, which makes it the 27th largest in the state. It is a predominantly rural district, with 91% of the population living in rural areas.
Krisch
Krisch is a surname. Notable people with this name include:

Dizzy Krisch (born 1954), German jazz musician

Jacob Krisch, American football player for 2014 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team

Kevin Krisch, Austrian footballer for First Vienna FC

Jean Krisch (born 1939), American physicist

Johannes Krisch (born 1966), Austrian actor

Lars Krisch (born 1974), German rower

Nico Krisch (born 1972), German legal scholar

Jean Krisch
Jean Peck Krisch (born 1939) is an American theoretical cosmologist and astrophysicist whose research concerns the theory of general relativity and the behavior of relativistic stars. She is Arthur F. Thurnau Professor Emerita of Physics at the University of Michigan.
Middleton-on-Wharfe
Middleton is a hamlet and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England. It is on the border with West Yorkshire and 1 mile north of the town centre of Ilkley, West Yorkshire and is continuous with the Middleton suburb of the town (the area lying north of the River Wharfe). From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the Borough of Harrogate, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

Westville House School is the closest school, on the outskirts of Ilkley.

Borough of Harrogate
The Borough of Harrogate was a local government district with borough status in North Yorkshire, England, from 1974 to 2023. Its council was based in the town of Harrogate, but it also included surrounding settlements, including the cathedral city of Ripon, and almost all of the Nidderdale Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. At the 2011 Census, the borough had a population of 157,869.

The borough was abolished on 31 March 2023, and its functions were transferred to the new unitary North Yorkshire Council on 1 April 2023.
Marewa
Marewa (Māori: Mārewa) is a suburb of the city of Napier, in the Hawke's Bay Region of New Zealand's eastern North Island. Development of the suburb began in 1934, after the 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake raised the previously low lying swamp land.

The suburb includes Marewa Park, a sports ground for soccer, cricket, athletics, marching and bowls, and Kennedy Park Resort, a popular family holiday accommodation provider.

Significant roads/streets in Marewa include: Latham Street, Kennedy Road, Douglas McLean Avenue, Nuffield Avenue and Taradale Road.

Bowls
Bowls, also known as lawn bowls or lawn bowling, is a sport in which players try to roll their ball (called a bowl) closest to a smaller ball (known as a "jack" or sometimes a "kitty"). The bowls are shaped (biased), so that they follow a curved path when being rolled. The game is played either in teams or one against one.

The game was first played in the 13th century. The game is played on grass, although other surfaces are sometimes used. Matches are held either until one player gets to a score, or when a number of ends are played.

The game is mostly played on a bowling green, which can vary by the type of bowls being played. Whilst the game is often played outdoors, there are indoor bowling venues, and can also be played on rollable carpets. For outdoor games, this is usually on grass; however, it can also be played on cotula in New Zealand.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Hawaii)
The Minister of Foreign Affairs (Hawaiian: Kuhina o ko na Aina E) was a powerful office in the Kingdom of Hawaii, the Provisional Government of Hawaii and the Republic of Hawaii from 1843 to 1900. It made up one of the four offices of the monarchical or presidential cabinet which advised the Head of State of Hawaii on executive affairs. During the monarchy, ministers were also ex-officio members of the Privy Council and the House of Nobles in the legislature. During the republic, ministers were ex-officio members of both houses of the legislature. The head of state had the power to appoint the ministers but later Hawaiian constitutions limited the power the head of state had in removing the cabinet ministers by requiring a vote of no confidence from a majority of the elective members of the legislature. All acts of the head of state had to be countersigned by a minister.

Provisional Government of Hawaii
The Provisional Government of Hawaii (abbr.: P.G.; Hawaiian: Aupuni Kūikawā o Hawaiʻi) was proclaimed after the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom on January 17, 1893, by the 13-member Committee of Safety under the leadership of its chairman Henry E. Cooper and former judge Sanford B. Dole as the designated President of Hawaii. It replaced the Kingdom of Hawaii after the overthrow of Queen Liliʻuokalani as a provisional government until the Republic of Hawaii was established on July 4, 1894.
Der Volkswille (Augsburg, 1919)
Der Volkswille ('The Popular Will' or 'The People's Will') was a newspaper published in Augsburg, Germany from 1919 to 1921. The newspaper was founded in September 1919 as a daily organ for the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) in Swabia and Neuburg. The editor of Der Volkswille was Wendelin Thomas, an USPD Reichstag member.

In October 1919 Bertolt Brecht became a regular opera and theatre critic for Der Volkswille, he remained in this position until the end of the existence of the publication. Between 25 October 1919 and 12 January 1921 Brecht contributed with 25 reviews in Der Volkswille.

On 1 December 1920 Der Volkswille became an organ of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD).

Der Volkswille was banned in early 1921. Bayerische Arbeiterzeitung ('Bavarian Workers Newspaper') was founded as a successor of Der Volkwille.

It is not to be confused with Volkswille that began publication in Augsburg in 1876.

Swabia
Swabia is a cultural, historical and linguistic region in southwestern Germany. The name is ultimately derived from the medieval Duchy of Swabia, one of the German stem duchies, representing the historic settlement area of the  Germanic tribe alliances named Alemanni and Suebi.

This territory would include all of the Alemannic German area, but the modern concept of Swabia is more restricted, due to the collapse of the duchy of Swabia in the thirteenth century. Swabia as understood in modern ethnography roughly coincides with the Swabian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire as it stood during the early modern period, now divided between the states of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg.

Swabians (Schwaben, singular Schwabe) are the natives of Swabia and speakers of Swabian German. Their number was estimated at close to 800,000 by SIL Ethnologue as of 2006, out of a total population of 7.5 million in the regions of Tübingen, Stuttgart and Bavarian Swabia.
Anotha Day Anotha Balla
Anotha Day Anotha Balla is the only studio album by American hip hop duo South Circle. It was released on July 4, 1995 through Suave House/Relativity Records. Recording sessions took place at Jus Fresh Recording Studio in Houston. Production was handled by Smoke One Productions, with James Endsley and Tony Draper serving as executive producers. It features guest appearances from 8Ball, Tela and MJG. The album was met with some success on the Billboard charts, peaking at number 63 on the Billboard 200 and number 8 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. Two singles were released, "Attitudes" and "New Day", but neither made it to the Billboard charts.

Relativity Records
Relativity Records was an American record label founded by Barry Kobrin at the site of his vinyl record shop, Important Record Distributors (IRD) in metropolitan New York City. The IRD distribution name was later known as RED Distribution and again as RED Music.

Relativity released music that covered a wide variety of musical genres. When it entered into a deal with Sony Music Entertainment, it became more known for its heavy metal and hip hop releases.

In 1999, Relativity was folded into Steve Rifkind's Loud Records, which in turn was shut down by Sony Music in 2002, with its parent distributor, RED Distribution, maintaining its existence, but later as RED Music, being merged into the Orchard in 2017 by Sony.
Allen Crawley
Allen David Crawley (born 15 May 1941 in Tasmania) is a former long jumper, triple jumper and sprinter who competed in the 1968 Summer Olympics, finishing sixth in the long jump, representing Australia.

Crawley won a bronze medal for Australia at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in the 4×110 yards relay. Previously, he represented Papua and New Guinea at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, competing in the 100 yards, the 4×110 yards relay, the long jump and the triple jump. He was educated at the Anglican Church Grammar School.

1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
The 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games were held in Perth, Western Australia, from 22 November to 1 December 1962. Athletic events were held at Perry Lakes Stadium in the suburb of Floreat and swimming events at Beatty Park in North Perth. It was held after the 1962 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games for wheelchair athletes.
Listed buildings in Raby, Merseyside
Raby is a village in Wirral, Merseyside, England.  It contains eight buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings, all of which are listed at Grade II.  This grade is the lowest of the three gradings given to listed buildings and is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".  The listed buildings consist of farmhouses, farm buildings, cottages, and a public house.

Metropolitan Borough of Wirral
The Metropolitan Borough of Wirral is a metropolitan borough of Merseyside, in North West England. It has a population of 328,873 (2024), and encompasses 62 square miles (161 km2) of the northern part of the Wirral Peninsula. Major settlements include Birkenhead, Wallasey, Bebington, Heswall, Hoylake and West Kirby. It is one of the six boroughs of the Liverpool City Region, a combined authority area with a population of more than 1.5 million.

Wirral is England's westernmost metropolitan borough, faced by the City of Liverpool to the northeast over the River Mersey.
Pietro Pedranzini
Pietro Pedranzini (9 October 1826 – 3 September 1903) was an Italian Lieutenant of the First Italian War of Independence and the Third Italian War of Independence. He was one of the main commanders behind the Operations in Valtellina and received a Gold Medal of Military Valour for his service.

Valtellina
Valtellina or the Valtelline (occasionally spelled as two words in English: Val Telline; Romansh: Vuclina ⓘ; Lombard: Valtelina or Valtulina; German: Veltlin; Italian: Valtellina) is a valley in the Lombardy region of northern Italy, bordering Switzerland. Today it is known for its ski centre, hot spring spas, bresaola, cheeses (in particular Bitto, named after the river Bitto) and wines.  It was a key Alpine pass between northern Italy and Germany. The control of the Valtellina was much sought after, particularly during the Thirty Years' War as it was an important part of the Spanish Road.
Charles Arthur
Charles Arthur (5 February 1808 – 29 July 1884) was an Australian cricketer, who played for Tasmania. Although he only represented the state in one match, he has the distinction of having participated in the first ever first-class cricket match in Australia. Arthur died on 29 July 1884, in Longford, Tasmania, at the age of 76.

Longford, Tasmania
Longford is a town in the northern midlands of Tasmania, Australia. It lies 145 m above sea level at the convergence of the Macquarie River and the South Esk River, 21 km south of Launceston and a 15-minute drive from the airport. It is just south of the Illawarra Road, a road connecting the Bass and Midland Highways. It has a population of 3,863 (2016 census) and is part of the Northern Midlands Council area. The region is predominantly agricultural, noted for wool, dairy produce and stock breeding.
U and Dat
"U and Dat" is the second single from American rapper E-40's album My Ghetto Report Card. The song features American singers T-Pain and Kandi Girl, and it was produced by Lil Jon. A remix was released in early August with Juelz Santana, Snoop Dogg, and Lil' Flip. It was featured on an Amp'd Mobile commercial. Although it is considered a West Coast hip hop song, the song's beat structure incorporates typical Southern hip-hop dance claps as well as Lil Jon's signature crunk synths and whistles. The song peaked at number 13 on the Billboard Hot 100, which remains E-40's highest-charting single as lead artist to date. The track is credited to have popularized the use of T-Pain as a hook singer on hip hop tracks. The song was certified 2× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on November 15, 2024.

Southern hip-hop
Southern hip-hop, also known as Southern rap, South Coast hip-hop, or dirty south, is a blanket term for a regional genre of American hip-hop music that emerged in the Southern United States, especially in Georgia, Texas, Louisiana, Tennessee, and Florida—often titled "The Big 5," five states which constitute the "Southern Network" in rap music.

The music was a reaction to the 1980s flow of hip-hop culture from New York City and the Los Angeles area and can be considered the third major American hip-hop scene, alongside East Coast and West Coast hip-hop. Many early Southern rap artists released their music independently or on mixtapes after encountering difficulty securing record-label contracts in the 1990s. By the early 2000s, many Southern artists had attained success, and as the decade went on, both mainstream and underground varieties of Southern hip-hop became among the most popular and influential of the entire genre.
Alexander Saxton
Alexander Plaisted Saxton (July 16, 1919 – August 20, 2012) was an American historian, novelist, and university professor. He was the author of the pioneering Indispensable Enemy (1975), one of the founding texts in Asian American studies.

Asian American studies
Asian American Studies is an academic field originating in the 1960s, which critically examines the history, issues, sociology, religion, experiences, culture, and policies relevant to Asian Americans. It is closely related to other Ethnic Studies fields, such as African American Studies, Latino Studies, and Native American Studies.

Since the 2020s, Asian American Studies has begun to be taught as part of the K-12 curriculum of a number of American states.
Myton (surname)
Myton is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cedric Myton (born 1947), Jamaican musician

Fred Myton (1885–1955), American screenwriter

Neville Myton (1946–2021), Jamaican middle-distance runner

Neville Myton
Neville Myton (28 May 1946 – 19 May 2021) was a Jamaican middle distance runner who competed in the 1964 Summer Olympics and in the 1968 Summer Olympics. He was a double gold medallist at the 1966 Central American and Caribbean Games, taking the individual 800 metres title and also sharing in the team gold medals with the Jamaican 4×400 metres relay team. He won a bronze medal in the 4×400 metre relay at the 1967 Pan American Games.

Myton set a national junior record in Jamaica when he finished the 800m race in 1:47.2 minutes at the 1964 Olympics. At the time of his death, this record still stood.

He also competed in the 1500 metres, taking a silver at the 1964 British West Indies Championships and gold at the 1965 British West Indies Championships.

Myton resided in Florida until his death, with his wife Joy.
Protein footprinting
Protein footprinting is a term used to refer to a method of biochemical analysis that investigates protein structure, assembly, and interactions within a larger macromolecular assembly. It was originally coined in reference to the use of limited proteolysis to investigate contact sites within a monoclonal antibody - protein antigen complex and a year later to examine the protection from hydroxyl radical cleavage conferred by a protein bound to DNA within a DNA-protein complex. In DNA footprinting the protein is envisioned to make an imprint (or footprint) at a particular point of interaction. This latter method was adapted through the direct treatment of proteins and their complexes with hydroxyl radicals and can be generally denoted RP-MS (for Radical Probe - Mass Spectrometry) akin to the designation used for Hydrogen-deuterium exchange Mass Spectrometry (denoted HD-MS or HX-MS).

Footprint
Footprints are the impressions or images left behind by a person walking or running. Hoofprints and pawprints are those left by animals with hooves or paws rather than feet, while "shoeprints" is the specific term for prints made by shoes. They may either be indentations in the ground or something placed onto the surface that was stuck to the bottom of the foot. A "trackway" is a set of footprints in soft earth left by a life-form; animal tracks are the footprints, hoofprints, or pawprints of an animal.

Footprints can be followed when tracking during a hunt or can provide evidence of activities. Some footprints remain unexplained, with several famous stories from mythology and legend. Others have provided evidence of prehistoric life and behaviours.
Henry Lawrie Bell
Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Lawrie Bell (1929–1984) was a career officer in the Australian Army and a notable amateur ornithologist.  He grew up and went to school in Maroubra, New South Wales.

Bell was interested in ornithology from an early age and became familiar with the birds of the Sydney region.  In 1974 he attended the International Ornithological Congress in Canberra.  When he was posted to New Guinea from 1975 to 1978 he took the opportunity to make substantial ecological studies of birds there, resulting in the publication of numerous papers in the journal of the Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union, the Emu, and elsewhere.  On returning to Australia in 1978 he undertook a four-year study of thornbills for his PhD.

International Ornithologists' Union
The International Ornithologists' Union (IOU) is an international organization for the promotion of ornithology. It links basic and applied research and nurtures education and outreach activities. Specifically, the IOU organizes and funds global congresses on ornithology at regular intervals, sets up and supports commissions and committees on various aspects of avian biology and conservation, and initiates and backs other international ornithological activities with specific aims consistent with its own mission and goal. It discloses the names and professional affiliations of its members on its website to encourage international collaboration and networking. The IOU acts as the Ornithology Section of the IUBS.
Parsons King Johnson
Parsons King Johnson (May 8, 1816 – November 23, 1907) was an American pioneer.

Born in Brandon, Vermont, he settled in St. Paul, Minnesota Territory in 1849. He was the first person to settle in what is now Mankato, Minnesota. He served in the Minnesota Territorial House of Representatives in 1849 and 1856. Johnson was a tailor. His brother-in-law was Henry Jackson; his grandson was Frank B. Johnson. Johnson died in St. Paul, Minnesota.

Minnesota Territory
The Territory of Minnesota was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 3, 1849, until May 11, 1858, when the eastern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the state of Minnesota and the western portion became unorganized territory and shortly after was reorganized as part of the Dakota Territory.
Osedax frankpressi
Osedax frankpressi is a species of bathypelagic polychaete worm that lives on the seabed and sustains itself on the bones of dead whales. It can be found in the East North Pacific Ocean. The specific epithet is named in honor of Frank Press "for his distinguished service to science".: 670

Frank Press
Frank Press (December 4, 1924 – January 29, 2020) was an American geophysicist. He was an advisor to four U.S. presidents, and later served two consecutive terms as president of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (1981–1993). He was the author of 160 scientific papers and co-author of the textbooks Earth and Understanding Earth.

Press served on the President's Science Advisory Committee during the Kennedy and Johnson administrations, and was appointed by President Richard Nixon to the National Science Board. In 1977 he was appointed President Jimmy Carter's Science Advisor and Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, serving until 1981.
Vempalli Gangadhar
Vempalli Gangadhar is a writer from Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh. He has been awarded Sahitya Akademi's Yuva Puraskar for 2011 for his short-story collection "Molakala Punnami".

Gangadhar, recipient of Central Sahitya Academy's first Yuva Puraskar, had been a guest of the President in Rashtrapathi Bhavan from 8 to 26 September 2014.

Yuva Puraskar
The Yuva Puraskar, also known as Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar, is an annual literary award conferred by Sahitya Akademi on young writers of outstanding works in 24 Indian languages. Instituted in 2011, it recognises writers under 35, with the aim of encouraging and promoting young writers.

The award comprises a cash prize of ₹50,000 and an engraved copper plaque. It is usually announced alongside Bal Sahitya Puraskar.
Women in the early East L. A. punk scene
Women in the early East Los Angeles punk scene were part of a subcultural movement associated with a brand of feminism that combined the ethics and politics of the Chicano movement, second-wave feminism, the LGBT community, and punk rock music during the late 1970s and early 1980s.

East Los Angeles, California
East Los Angeles (Spanish: Este de Los Ángeles), or East L.A., is an unincorporated community and census designated place (CDP) situated within Los Angeles County, California, United States. According to the United States Census Bureau, East Los Angeles is designated as a census-designated place (CDP) for statistical purposes. The most recent data from the 2020 census reports a population of 118,786, reflecting a 6.1% decrease compared to the 2010 population of 126,496.

The concentration of Hispanic/Latino Americans is 95.16 percent, the highest of any large city or census-designated place in the United States outside of Puerto Rico.