hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Malingin Island (Bohol)
Malingin is an island off the northern coast of Bohol, Philippines. Located in the Camotes Sea, Malingin is under the jurisdiction of the municipality of Bien Unido, Bohol. The island is approximately 7 km (4.3 mi) west-northwest of the port of Bien Unido. Malingin Island is one of the chain of islands situated in the Danajon Bank, the only double barrier reef in the country. Most of the island's residents depend on fishing.

The island was once part of the town of Talibon. In 1980, the municipality of Bien Unido was created through Batas Pambansa no. 93. Malingin became separated from Talibon and became part of the newly formed municipality.

The estimated population of Malingin is 1,567, as of 2020.

Danajon Bank
The Danajon Bank is the only double barrier reef in the Philippines, which is a very rare geological formation, which is located in the Camotes Sea. It comprises two sets of large coral reefs that formed offshore on a submarine ridge due to a combination of favorable tidal currents and coral growth in the area.
Lamina (neuropil)
The lamina is the most peripheral neuropil of the insect visual system. There are twelve distinct neuron classes in the lamina: the lamina monopolar cells L1-L5, two GABAergic feedback neurons (C2 and C3), two wide-field feedback neurons (Lawf1 and Lawf2), lamina intrinsic amacrine neurons (Lai)  and the T1 basket cell. The outer photoreceptors, R1-R6, terminate in the lamina, where they form tetrad synapses with L1, L2, L3, and Lai.

The lamina was the first portion of the nervous system of Drosophila to be reconstructed, thus starting the field of Drosophila connectomics.  However the methods used were largely manual and further progress awaited more automated techniques.

GABA
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid, γ-aminobutyric acid) is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the developmentally mature mammalian central nervous system. Its principal role is reducing neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system.

GABA is sold as a dietary supplement in many countries. It has been traditionally thought that exogenous GABA (i.e., taken as a supplement) does not cross the blood–brain barrier, but data obtained from more recent research (2010s) in rats describes the notion as being unclear.

The carboxylate form of GABA is γ-aminobutyrate.
2013 Party Rock Open – Doubles
Anastasia and Arina Rodionova were the defending champions, having won the event in 2012, but Anastasia chose to compete at the 2013 Toray Pan Pacific Open and Arina decided not to participate.

Tamira Paszek and Coco Vandeweghe won the title, defeating Denise Muresan and Caitlin Whoriskey in the final, 6–4, 6–2.

Tamira Paszek
Tamira Shelah Paszek (born 6 December 1990) is an Austrian tennis player.

On 11 February 2013, she reached her career-high singles ranking of world No. 26. On 6 May 2013, she peaked at No. 93 in the doubles rankings.
Paszek has won three singles titles on the WTA Tour, as well as six singles and four doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.
U.F.O. (album)
U.F.O. is the debut album by psychedelic folk singer-songwriter Jim Sullivan, released in 1969. The album was unpopular upon release, but has gained a cult following in part due to the mysterious disappearance of Sullivan. While it is commonly known as U.F.O., a 1970 pressing on Century City Records titled the album simply as Jim Sullivan.

The album deals with supernatural and extraterrestrial themes, topics that Sullivan was obsessed with. "Rosey" was released as a single from the album in 1970 on Century City Records.

Jimmy Bond (musician)
James Edward Bond Jr. (January 27, 1933 – April 26, 2012), known as Jimmy Bond, was an American double bass player, arranger and composer who performed and recorded with many leading jazz, blues, folk and rock musicians between the 1950s and 1980s.
F'
F' (F + apostrophe) may stand in for:

Fʼ (F + modifier apostrophe), which represents:
the labiodental ejective fricative, in the International Phonetic Alphabet
palatalised f, in Slavic notation

F′ (F + prime), often used in mathematical notation for the first derivative of a function

F̀ (F + grave accent), used for transliterating the Cyrillic letter Fita

Fʻ (F + ʻokina)

Fʾ (F + right half ring)

Fʿ (F + left half ring)

Modifier letter right half ring
The modifier letter right half ring ( ʾ ) is a character found in Unicode in the Spacing Modifier Letters range (although it is not a modifier, but a standalone grapheme). It is used in romanization to transliterate the Semitic abjad letter aleph and the Arabic letter hamza after it was used by The Encyclopedia of Islam (later the International Journal of Middle East Studies), representing the sound ⟨ʔ⟩ (a glottal stop, as in Arabic ء hamza). In informal contexts, the backtick ⟨ ` ⟩ or the apostrophe ⟨ ' ⟩ is commonly used as a substitute; but this can lead to confusion with the modifier letter left half ring.
Margaret Treloar
Margaret Treloar is a Canadian food scientist and product development expert.  She served as Chair of the World Board of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts from 2008 to 2011. In 1984 she founded Treloar Product Development International Inc., a consulting firm specializing in improved methods for product development.

Food science
Food science (or bromatology) is the basic science and applied science of food; its scope overlaps with agricultural science and nutritional science and extends to the scientific aspects of food safety and food processing, informing the development of food technology.

Food science is an interdisciplinary field that integrates concepts from chemistry, physics, physiology, microbiology, and biochemistry. It evolved from early preservation practices such as salting to an organized research-driven field central to modern food production.

Food scientists develop new food products, design processing methods to produce these foods, select packaging materials, conduct shelf life and sensory evaluation studies of products using survey panels or potential consumers, and perform microbiological and chemical testing. Food scientists may study more fundamental phenomena that are directly linked to the production of food products and its properties.
Murder of Leesa Gray
On the night of June 22, 2000, 16-year-old Leesa Marie Gray was abducted by Marine Corps recruiter Thomas Edwin Loden Jr. after she finished her shift at a restaurant in Dorsey, Mississippi. Loden held Gray captive inside his van, where he sexually abused her several times before he murdered her by strangling and suffocating her during the early morning hours of June 23, 2000. On that afternoon, Gray's naked body was found inside Loden's van, and Loden himself was found lying on the roadside with the words "I'm sorry" carved into his chest and self-inflicted cut wounds on his wrists.

In the following year of 2001, Loden, who waived his right to a jury trial, pleaded guilty to all six criminal charges, mainly capital murder, rape, and sexual battery, and he was sentenced to death for murdering Gray. Loden was on death row for 21 years before he was executed via lethal injection on December 14, 2022.

United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
The United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (in case citations, 5th Cir.) is one of the 13 United States courts of appeals. It has appellate jurisdiction over the U.S. district courts in the following federal judicial districts:

Eastern District of Louisiana

Middle District of Louisiana

Western District of Louisiana

Northern District of Mississippi

Southern District of Mississippi

Eastern District of Texas

Northern District of Texas

Southern District of Texas

Western District of Texas

The Fifth Circuit has 17 active judgeships, and is headquartered at the John Minor Wisdom United States Court of Appeals Building in New Orleans, Louisiana, with the clerk's office located at the F. Edward Hebert Federal Building in New Orleans.

Originally, the Fifth Circuit also included the federal district courts in Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. In 1981, the district courts for those states were transferred to the newly created U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit.
Client-side decoration
Client-side decoration (CSD) is the concept of allowing a graphical application software to be responsible for drawing its own window decorations, historically the responsibility of the window manager.

Sometimes client-side decoration is used to refer to the applications that don't have a traditional title bar. However, this is a misuse of the phrase, as even applications that have a basic title bar can be client side decorated.

By using client-side decoration rather than traditional server-side decoration, applications are able to draw their own title bar, which allows for a wide range of possibilities to customize window decorations and add additional functionality (graphical control elements) into what otherwise would be a typical window manager bar with much empty space in the maximized windows.

Wayland (protocol)
Wayland is a communication protocol that specifies the communication between a display server and its clients, as well as a C library implementation of that protocol. A display server using the Wayland protocol is called a Wayland compositor, because it additionally performs the task of a compositing window manager.

Wayland is developed by a group of volunteers initially led by Kristian Høgsberg as a free and open-source community-driven project with the aim of replacing the X Window System with a secure and simpler windowing system for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. The project's source code is published under the terms of the MIT License, a permissive free software license. The Wayland project also develops an implementation of a Wayland compositor called Weston.
Haline contraction coefficient
The Haline contraction coefficient, abbreviated as β, is a coefficient that describes the change in ocean density due to a salinity change, while the potential temperature and the pressure are kept constant. It is a parameter in the  Equation Of State (EOS) of the ocean. β is also described as the saline contraction coefficient and is measured in [kg]/[g] in the EOS that describes the ocean. An example is TEOS-10. This is the thermodynamic equation of state.

β is the salinity variant of the thermal expansion coefficient α, where the density changes due to a change in temperature instead of salinity.  With these two coefficients, the density ratio can be calculated. This determines the contribution of the temperature and salinity to the density of a water parcel.

β is called a contraction coefficient, because when salinity increases, water becomes denser, and if the temperature increases, water becomes less dense.

TEOS-10
TEOS-10 (Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater - 2010) is the international standard for the use and calculation of the thermodynamic properties of seawater, humid air and ice. It supersedes the former standard EOS-80 (Equation of State of Seawater 1980). TEOS-10 is used by oceanographers and climate scientists to calculate and model properties of the oceans such as heat content in an internationally comparable way.
Georges Fouré
Georges Fouré (1848 in Paris-1902) was a 19th-century French-German philatelist and stamp forger.

Fouré lived in Berlin and was the editor of the Berliner Illustrierte Briefmarkenzeitung. As such he introduced his audience to remarkable "discoveries" of stamps of the German States that in reality he had created. He did not imitate known stamps, but like an artist, he created new ones. He took no one in confidence, never disclosed when, where, why or how he did his forgeries.

Philately
Philately (/fɪˈlætəli/; fih-LAT-ə-lee) is the study of postage stamps and postal history. It also refers to the collection and appreciation of stamps and other philatelic products. While closely associated with stamp collecting and the study of postage, it is possible to be a philatelist without owning any stamps. For instance, the stamps being studied may be very rare or reside only in museums.
Yeonbyeon Street
Yeonbyeon Street (Korean: 연변거리; Hanja: 延边거리), named for Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in China, is an enclave of joseon-jok in Garibong-dong, Guro District, Seoul, South Korea. It is a return migration community of Koreans in China centralized around the street Uma 2-gil. It has also been called "Yanbian Joseon-jok Village" (옌벤조선족마을).

In 2008, the joseon-jok population of Garibong-dong was 7,712.

Return migration
Return migration or remigration is the migration of a migrant or migrants back to their country of origin, on a permanent basis.  Research topics include the return migration process, motivations for returning, the experiences returnees encounter, and the impacts of return migration on both the host and the home countries.

The exact numbers are debated, but Mark Wyman concludes: "The totals are so enormous: at least one-third of the 52 million Europeans who left Europe between 1824 and 1924 returned permanently to their homelands."

Return migration is the repatriation of a migrant. It may be voluntary or involuntary; in the latter case it may be called deportation. It should also be distinguished from circular migration, in which migrants repeatedly travel between origin and destination countries, for example to plant and harvest crops each season.
Christian Rauchbauer
Christian Rauchbauer (born 6 September 1984) is an Austrian former competitive figure skater. He is the 2007 NRW Trophy bronze medalist, the 2005 Copenhagen Trophy champion, and a seven-time national medalist (four silver, three bronze). At the 2007 World Championships in Tokyo, where he placed 29th, he became the first Austrian skater to perform a quad toe loop jump in competition.

Toe loop jump
The toe loop jump is the simplest of the six jumps in the sport of figure skating. It was invented in the 1920s by American professional figure skater Bruce Mapes, who may have also invented the flip jump.

The skater skates forward on the inside edge of the blade, switches to a backward-facing position, and takes off from a back outside edge with help from the other foot's toe pick. The skater lands on the same back outside edge.

In competition, the toe loop is the most commonly performed jump and the most common second jump of a combination. The base value of a single toe loop is 0.40; the base value of a double toe loop is 1.30; the base value of a triple toe loop is 4.20; the base value of a quadruple toe loop is 9.50, and the base value for a quintuple toe loop is 14.
Bob Perina
Robert Ian Perina (January 16, 1921 – August 2, 1991) was an American football running back, quarterback and defensive back in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the New York Yankees, Brooklyn Dodgers, Chicago Rockets, Chicago Bears, and Baltimore Colts. He played college football for the Princeton Tigers.

Princeton Tigers football
The Princeton Tigers football program represents Princeton University and competes at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) level as a member of the Ivy League. Princeton's football program—along with the football program at nearby Rutgers University—began in 1869 with a contest that is often regarded as the beginnings of American football.
Black Metal Sacrifice
Black Metal Sacrifice is the second release by the black metal band Watain. It was recorded on their concert with Malign and Dark Funeral in Uppsala in 1999, organised by Watain and Grim Rune Productions. The live tape was originally "mostly spread among the closest ones" and re-released on CD format in 2007. "Sons of Fucking Hell" is a cover of Bloodsoil, "the very unknown band" vocalist Erik Danielsson "played in for some years before Watain, and never released anything with".

Dark Funeral
Dark Funeral is a Swedish black metal band from Stockholm, founded by guitarists Blackmoon and Lord Ahriman in 1993. They emerged during the second wave of black metal.

The group have released seven full-length albums and are one of the most prominent acts in the Swedish black metal scene.
Timothy Anderson
Timothy Anderson (born 26 June 1994) is an Australian slalom canoeist who has competed at the international level since 2010. Anderson competes in the K1 and kayak cross events.

He is from Melbourne, Victoria but lives and trains in Penrith, NSW, and is coached by 2006 World Champion Julien Billaut.

Penrith, New South Wales
Penrith is a suburb in Outer Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is located 55 kilometres (34 mi) west of the Sydney central business district on the eastern bank of the Nepean River. It is on the outskirts of the Cumberland Plain at an elevation of 32 metres (105 ft). Penrith is the administrative centre for the City of Penrith local government area.
Helge Blakkisrud
Helge Blakkisrud (born 1967) is a Norwegian political scientist and editor.

Blakkisrud holds an MA in Political Science (1995) from the University of Oslo. He is Head of the Department of Russian and Eurasian Studies at the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI).

As of September 2010, he was a visiting scholar at UC Berkeley, working on the project 
“Non-Recognized States in the Post-Sovjet Area” and with his PhD project on the development of Russian federalism in the period 1991–2008.

Since 1994, he has been Editor-in-Chief of the Scandinavian language of Nordisk Østforum (Nordic Journal of East European and Post-Soviet Studies).

Norwegian Institute of International Affairs
The Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (Norwegian: Norsk utenrikspolitisk institutt; NUPI) is a Norwegian research institution based in Oslo, Norway. It was established by the Norwegian parliament in 1959.
Deepwater sculpin
The deepwater sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsonii) is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cottidae of order Scorpaeniformes. It is a glacial relict, native to a limited number of deep, cold lakes in Canada and the United States.

Glacial relict
A glacial relict is a population of a species that was common in the Northern Hemisphere prior to the onset of glaciation in the late Tertiary that was forced by climate change to retreat into refugia when continental ice sheets advanced. They are typically cold-adapted species with a distribution restricted to regions and microhabitats that allow them to survive despite climatic changes.
Anders Knutsson Ångström
Anders Knutsson Ångström (1888 – 1981) was a Swedish physicist and meteorologist who was known primarily for his contributions to the field of atmospheric radiation. However, his scientific interests encompassed many diverse topics.

He was the son of physicist Knut Ångström. He graduated with a BS from the University of Upsala in 1909. Then he completed his MS at the University of Upsala in 1911. He taught at the Stockholm University. Later, he was the department head of the Meteorology department at State Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) of Sweden 1945–1949 and SMHI's chancellor 1949–1954.

He is credited with the invention of the pyranometer, the first device to accurately measure direct and indirect solar radiation.

In 1962 he was awarded the International Meteorological Organization Prize by the World Meteorological Organization.

Pyranometer
A pyranometer (from Greek  πῦρ (pyr) 'fire' and  ἄνω (ano) 'above, sky') is a type of actinometer used for measuring solar irradiance on a planar surface and it is designed to measure the solar radiation flux density (W/m2) from the hemisphere above within a wavelength range 0.3 μm to 3 μm.

A typical pyranometer does not require any power to operate. However, recent technical development includes use of electronics in pyranometers, which do require (low) external power (see heat flux sensor).
My Life Directed by Nicolas Winding Refn
My Life Directed by Nicolas Winding Refn is a 2014 American documentary film written, shot, and directed by Liv Corfixen. It is about Corfixen's husband, Nicolas Winding Refn, while his action drama film, Only God Forgives (2013), is in production and released. The documentary premiered at Fantastic Fest in September 2014.

Fantastic Fest
Fantastic Fest is an annual film festival in Austin, Texas, focused on fantasy, horror, science fiction, action and cult films. It was founded in 2005 by Tim League of Alamo Drafthouse. It is the largest and most prestigious genre festival in the United States, and as one of the top three in the world alongside Sitges and Fantasia.

Lisa Dreyer is festival director. Annick Mahnert is head of programming.
Fagne-Famenne
Fagne-Famenne is a natural region in southern Belgium and northern France. It consists of The Fagne or la Fagne west of the river Meuse, and Famenne to the east. The two regions are often grouped together because they are quite similar both geographically and naturally.

50°10′N 4°51′E﻿ / ﻿50.17°N 4.85°E﻿ / 50.17; 4.85

Meuse
The Meuse or Maas is a major European river, rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea from the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta. It has a total length of 925 km (575 miles).
Ghost story
A ghost story is any piece of fiction, or drama, that includes a ghost, or simply takes as a premise the possibility of ghosts or characters' belief in them. The "ghost" may appear of its own accord or be summoned by magic. Linked to the ghost is the idea of a "haunting", where a supernatural entity is tied to a place, object or person. Ghost stories are commonly examples of ghostlore.

Colloquially, the term "ghost story" can refer to any kind of scary story. In a narrower sense, the ghost story has been developed as a short story format, within genre fiction. It is a form of supernatural fiction and specifically of weird fiction, and is often a horror story.

While ghost stories are often explicitly meant to scare, they have been written to serve all sorts of purposes, from comedy to morality tales. Ghosts often appear in the narrative as sentinels or prophets of things to come.

The Unquiet Grave
"The Unquiet Grave" is an Irish / English folk song in which a young man's grief over the death of his true love is so deep that it disturbs her eternal sleep. It was collected in 1868 by Francis James Child as Child Ballad number 78. One of the more common tunes used for the ballad is the same as that used for the English ballad "Dives and Lazarus" and the Irish pub favorite "Star of the County Down".
2010 Tirreno–Adriatico
The 2010 Tirreno–Adriatico was the 45th running of the Tirreno–Adriatico stage race. It started on 10 March and finished on 16 March. The race started in Livorno and ended San Benedetto del Tronto. The race was won by Stefano Garzelli after gaining 2 seconds in intermediate sprints in the last stage which tied him for first with Michele Scarponi; Garzelli held the tiebreaker, combined stage finishes.

Daniele Bennati
Daniele Bennati (born 24 September 1980) is an Italian former road racing cyclist, who rode professionally between 2002 and 2019 for the Acqua & Sapone–Cantina Tollo, De Nardi–Colpack, Phonak, Lampre–Fondital, Liquigas–Doimo, RadioShack–Nissan, Tinkoff and Movistar Team squads.

Specialising in fast sprint finishes, Bennati turned professional in 2002, when he joined the team Acqua & Sapone–Cantina Tollo and wore zebra stripes as part of Mario Cipollini's leadout train. Upon joining the Lampre–Caffita team in 2005, he demonstrated the ability to win on his own, and continued to do so when he joined Liquigas in 2008. Bennati has won 11 stages in Grand Tours: two in the Tour de France, three in the Giro d'Italia, and six in the Vuelta a España. He won the points jersey in the 2007 Vuelta a España, and the Giro d'Italia.

He retired at the end of the 2019 season, citing back pain.