hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Claudia Sagastizábal
Claudia Alejandra Sagastizábal is an applied mathematician known for her research in convex optimization and energy management, and for her co-authorship of the book Numerical Optimization: Theoretical and Practical Aspects. She is a researcher at the University of Campinas in Brazil. Since 2015 she has been editor-in-chief of the journal Set-Valued and Variational Analysis.

Applied mathematics
Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, social science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge. The term "applied mathematics" also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical problems by formulating and studying mathematical models.

In the past, practical applications have motivated the development of mathematical theories, which then became the subject of study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake. The activity of applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics.
Ziffer
Ziffer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Benny Ziffer (born 1953), Israeli writer and journalist

Frances Ziffer (1917–1996), American composer, conductor and pianist

Irit Ziffer (born 1954), Israeli archaeologist and art historian

Moshe Ziffer (1902–1989), Israeli artist and sculptor

Sándor Ziffer (1880–1962), Hungarian painter

Tommaso Ziffer, Italian architect and interior designer

Wolfgang Ziffer (1941–2022), German actor

Frances Ziffer
Frances Ziffer (June 5, 1917 – November 7, 1996) was an American composer, conductor, and pianist. She attended the Peabody Institute and studied with Carl Friedberg and David Saperton. She was a music director for theater groups and wrote lyrics or composed music for at least six musicals, as well as for numerous songs. Ziffer married Joseph Burgio but published her works under the name "Ziffer," sometimes collaborating with Hortense Belson.

Her compositions include:
Severity factor
A severity factor is established as a coefficient to assess the dielectric severity supported by a transformer winding considering the incoming transient overvoltage (voltage spike). It determines the safety margin regarding to the standard acceptance tests either in the frequency or time domain.

Severity factors are a newly concept for analyzing the dielectric severity supported along transformer windings when a transformer is submitted to a non-standardized transient voltage waveform induced from the power system.

Two are the new factors considered for evaluating the severity supported by the insulation windings both in factory and in service. One factor is called Time Domain Severity Factor (TDSF) and another one is the Frequency Domain Severity Factor (FDSF).

Electric power system
An electric power system is a network of electrical components deployed to supply, transfer, and use electric power. An example of a power system is the electrical grid that provides power to homes and industries within an extended area.  The electrical grid can be broadly divided into the generators that supply the power, the transmission system that carries the power from the generating centers to the load centers, and the distribution system that feeds the power to nearby homes and industries.

Smaller power systems are also found in industry, hospitals, commercial buildings, and homes. A single line diagram helps to represent this whole system. The majority of these systems rely upon three-phase AC power—the standard for large-scale power transmission and distribution across the modern world. Specialized power systems that do not always rely upon three-phase AC power are found in aircraft, electric rail systems, ocean liners, submarines, and automobiles.
Havange
Havange (French pronunciation: [avɑ̃ʒ]; Luxembourgish: Hiewéng ; German: Havingen) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

Havange is located between the communes of Tressange in the North, Rochonvillers in the Northeast, Angevillers in the East, Fontoy in the South and Boulange in the West. The village is located close to the Maginot Line, in which one of the casemates of the Ouvrage Aumetz is located in Havange. 
Despite being in the countryside, the village is very well linked to the bigger cities farther away as it is connected to the A30 autoroute to go to Metz, Southwestern Luxembourg or Belgium and to the D14 Dual carriageway to go to Thionville or Luxembourg (via the A31 autoroute), where most of the people work, go shopping or travel to farther places by air or train.

A31 autoroute
The A31 autoroute, also known as l'Autoroute de Lorraine-Bourgogne, is a French motorway. The road runs from Beaune to the Franco-Luxembourg border where it joins the A3. The northern part of the autoroute is free, as far as the town of Toul, but is a toll road south of there. The autoroute serves the cities of Metz, Nancy, and Dijon and is heavily used in the holiday season as it is a convenient route for those travelling from Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Germany to the south of France.
Daniel Innes (artist)
Daniel Innes is a Canadian artist, most noted for the 2023 book Denison Avenue. The book, a collaboration with writer Christina Wong, blends Wong's novella about an elderly Chinese Canadian widow navigating the rapidly changing Chinatown-Kensington district of Toronto, Ontario, with Innes's inked illustrations of scenes from the neighbourhoods.

The book was a shortlisted finalist for the 2024 Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction, and was defended by Naheed Nenshi in the 2024 edition of Canada Reads.

He has also worked in painting, installation art, graphic and textile design, sign painting, and tattooing and lives in both Kamikawa, Hyogo Japan, and Toronto, Ontario Canada.

Kensington Market
Kensington Market is a distinctive multicultural neighbourhood in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The Market is an older neighbourhood and one of the city's best-known. In November 2006, it was designated a National Historic Site of Canada. Robert Fulford wrote in 1999 that "Kensington today is as much a legend as a district. The (partly) outdoor market has probably been photographed more often than any other site in Toronto."

Its approximate borders are College St. on the north, Spadina Ave. on the east, Dundas St. W. to the south, and Bathurst St. to the west. Most of the neighbourhood's eclectic shops, cafes, and other attractions are located along Augusta Ave. and neighbouring Nassau St., Baldwin St., and Kensington Ave. In addition to the Market, the neighbourhood features many Victorian homes, the Kensington Community School, Bellevue Square and Toronto Western Hospital.
Van Driel
Van Driel is a Dutch toponymic surname meaning "from Driel" or "from Maasdriel", which municipality was until recently called "Driel" as well. People with the surname include:

Berry van Driel (born 1984), Dutch baseball player

Darius van Driel (born 1989), Dutch golfer

Guido van Driel  (born 1962), Dutch comics artist and movie director

Mels van Driel (born 1983), Dutch footballer

Raymond van Driel (born 1983), Dutch footballer

Rita van Driel (born 1961), Secretary General of the National Paralympic Committee of the Netherlands

Sonja van Driel (born 1959), Dutch photographer

Toon van Driel (born 1945), Dutch cartoonist

Repelaer van Driel:

Ocker Repelaer van Driel (1759–1832), Dutch government minister

Roline Repelaer van Driel (born 1984), Dutch rower

Toon van Driel
Toon van Driel (born 16 February 1945, Amsterdam) is a Dutch cartoonist, comics writer and comics artist, best known for his comics series F.C. Knudde, about an incompetent association football team, and De Stamgasten, which features anthropomorphic animals telling corny jokes in a bar. He is the winner of the 1988 Stripschapprijs. Van Driel was also the original writer of Eric Schreurs' comic strip Joop Klepzeiker.
Virac, Catanduanes
Virac, officially the Municipality of Virac, is a municipality and capital of the province of Catanduanes, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 75,135 people.

It is most populous and fifth largest in land area in Catanduanes.

Philippine peso
The Philippine peso, also referred to by its Filipino name piso (Philippine English: /ˈpɛsɔː/ PEH-saw, /ˈpiː-/ PEE-, plural pesos; Filipino: piso [ˈpisɔː, ˈpɪsɔː]; sign: ₱; code: PHP), is the official currency of the Philippines. It is subdivided into 100 sentimo, also called centavos.

The peso has the symbol "₱", introduced during American rule in place of the original peso sign "$" used throughout Spanish America. Alternative symbols used are "PHP", "PhP", "Php", or just "P".

The monetary policy of the Philippines is conducted by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), established on January 3, 1949, as its central bank. It produces the country's banknotes and coins at its Security Plant Complex, which is set to move to New Clark City in Capas, Tarlac.
Lynda Myles (American writer)
Lynda Myles (July 22, 1939 – April 15, 2023) was an American television writer, actress, playwright, memoirist, and short fiction writer. She attended Michigan State University and was known for her Broadway plays such as Two Gentlemen of Verona, Iphigenia in Aulis, No Exit, Rocking Chair, Trojan Women and Neil Simon's Plaza Suite.

The Trojan Women
The Trojan Women (Ancient Greek: Τρῳάδες, romanized: Trōiades, lit. "The Female Trojans") is a tragedy by the Greek playwright Euripides, produced in 415 BCE. Also translated as The Women of Troy, or as its transliterated Greek title Troades, The Trojan Women presents commentary on the costs of war through the lens of women and children. The four central women of the play are the same that appear in the final book of the Iliad, lamenting over the corpse of Hector after the Trojan War.

Hecuba, another tragedy by Euripides, similarly deals with the experiences of women left behind by war and was more popular in antiquity.

The tragedy has inspired many modern adaptation across film, literature, and the stage.
PakWheels
PakWheels is a Pakistani online marketplace for car shoppers and sellers based in Lahore. It aggregates thousands of new, used, and certified second-hand cars from thousands of dealers and private sellers. The site also provides users with automotive reviews, shopping advice, and comparison tools for car financing and insurance information. It serves as an online community of automobile enthusiasts, with over 600,000 registered members on its online forum. PakWheels was founded in July 2003 in Karachi by Muhammad Hanif Bhatti. It was bought by Raza Saeed and Suneel Munj in 2007.

Used car
A used car, a pre-owned vehicle, or a secondhand car, is a vehicle that has previously had one or more retail owners. Used cars are sold through a variety of outlets, including franchise and independent car dealers, rental car companies, buy here pay here dealerships, leasing offices, auctions, and private party sales. Some car retailers offer "no-haggle" prices, "certified" used cars, and extended service plans or warranties.
Svaika
Svaika (Russian: Свайка, IPA: [ˈsvajkə], lit. 'marlinspike') is a throwing game that was a favorite of Russian lower-class men up to the 20th century. It is a game in which a marlinspike-like spear is thrown to land in the middle of a metal ring lying on the ground some distance away. A tool for the game can weigh up to five pounds.

By one account of events, Tsarevich Dmitry died from a stab wound  while he was playing this game, although this is disputed.

Stabbing
A stabbing is penetration or rough contact with a sharp or pointed object at close range. Stab connotes purposeful action, as by an assassin or murderer, but it is also possible to accidentally stab oneself or others. Stabbing differs from slashing or cutting in that the motion of the object used in a stabbing generally moves perpendicular to and directly into the victim's body, rather than being drawn across it.

Stab wounds is the specific form of penetrating trauma to the skin that results from stabbing.
Stabbings have been common among gangs and in prisons because knives are cheap, easy to acquire (or manufacture), easily concealable and relatively effective.
Stabbing has also been used in terrorism.
2022–23 Los Angeles Kings season
The 2022–23 Los Angeles Kings season was the 56th season (55th season of play) for the National Hockey League (NHL) franchise that was established on June 5, 1967.

This was the first season without longtime winger Dustin Brown on the roster as he announced his retirement on April 28, 2022, following the 2022 Stanley Cup playoffs. This season was also their last with longtime goaltender and Conn Smythe Trophy winner Jonathan Quick, who was shockingly traded on March 1, 2023, to the Columbus Blue Jackets; the Blue Jackets traded Quick to the Vegas Golden Knights the following day. The Kings qualified for the playoffs on April 2, 2023, after a win over the Vancouver Canucks. However, in the playoffs, the Edmonton Oilers would defeat the Kings for the second year in a row, in six games.

2022–23 Vegas Golden Knights season
The 2022–23 Vegas Golden Knights season was the sixth season for the National Hockey League (NHL) franchise that started playing in the 2017–18 season.

On March 30, 2023, the Golden Knights clinched a playoff berth after the Nashville Predators lost to the Pittsburgh Penguins, returning to the playoffs after missing the previous postseason. The Golden Knights then clinched their third Pacific Division championship, as well as the first seed in the Western Conference, with a victory over the Seattle Kraken on April 13, 2023.

For the fourth time in their six-year history, the Golden Knights advanced to the Western Conference Finals, where they defeated the Dallas Stars in six games to advance to the Stanley Cup Final for the second time in team history. The Golden Knights defeated the Florida Panthers in five games to win their first Stanley Cup.
2013 TEAN International – Women's singles
Sandra Záhlavová was the defending champion, having won the event in 2012, but chose not to compete in 2013.

Wildcard Arantxa Rus won the title, defeating first seed Carina Witthöft in the final, 4–6, 6–2, 6–2.

Sandra Záhlavová
Sandra Záhlavová (born 10 October 1985) is a Czech former tennis player.

Záhlavová won 12 singles and nine doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit in her career. On 21 June 2010, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 78. On 12 June 2006, she peaked at No. 165 in the doubles rankings.
2019 Sri Lankan national honours
In August 2019 President of Sri Lanka Maithripala Sirisena awarded national honours to 70 individuals for distinguished services. The awards ceremony was held on 19 August 2019 at the Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference Hall in Colombo.

President of Sri Lanka
The president of Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජනාධිපති Śrī Laṅkā Janādhipati; Tamil: இலங்கை ஜனாதிபதி Ilaṇkai janātipati) is the head of state and head of government of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. The president is the chief executive of the union government and the commander-in-chief of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces. The powers, functions and duties of prior presidential offices, in addition to their relation with the Prime minister and Government of Sri Lanka, have over time differed with the various constitutional documents since the creation of the office. The president appoints the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka who can command the confidence of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.

Anura Kumara Dissanayake is the 10th and current president, having assumed office on 23 September 2024, after being declared the winner of the 2024 presidential election.
Ray Sawyer
Ray Sawyer (February 1, 1937 – December 31, 2018) was an American percussionist and vocalist known for his work with the 1970s rock band Dr. Hook. Though primarily a backing vocalist and occasional percussionist on congas or maracas, he sang lead on their hit song "The Cover of Rolling Stone" and was a recognizable presence in the band owing to the eyepatch and cowboy hat he wore. He was also the uncle of Wild Fire vocalist Zack Sawyer.

Maraca
A maraca (/məˈrækə/ mə-RAK-ə, US also /məˈrɑːkə/ mə-RAH-kə, Brazilian Portuguese: [maˈɾakɐ] ⓘ), sometimes called shaker or chac-chac, is a rattle which appears in many genres of Caribbean and Latin music. It is shaken by a handle and usually played as part of a pair. A maraca player in the Spanish language is called a maraquero.
WAAW
WAAW (94.7 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Williston, South Carolina, and serving the Augusta metropolitan area. The station carries a gospel music format. It uses the moniker "Shout 94.7". It is owned by Wisdom, Inc., led by Dr. Frank Neely. The radio studios and offices are on Park Avenue SE in Aiken, South Carolina.

WAAW has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 2,550 watts. The transmitter is on Perry Street at Old Barnwell Road in Montmorenci, South Carolina.

Aiken, South Carolina
Aiken is the most populous city in, and the county seat of, Aiken County, South Carolina, United States. According to 2020 census, the population was 32,025, making it the 15th-most populous city in South Carolina, and one of the two largest cities of the Central Savannah River Area.

Founded in 1835, Aiken was named after William Aiken, the president of the South Carolina Railroad. It became part of Aiken County when the county was formed in 1871. In the late 19th century, Aiken gained fame as a wintering spot for wealthy people from the Northeast. Thomas Hitchcock, Sr. and William C. Whitney established the Aiken Winter Colony. Over the years Aiken became a winter home for many notable people, including George H. Bostwick, James B. Eustis, Madeleine Astor, William Kissam Vanderbilt, Eugene Grace, president of Bethlehem Steel, Allan Pinkerton, and W. Averell Harriman.

Aiken is home to the University of South Carolina Aiken.
Archery at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
Archery at the 2020 Summer Paralympics was held at Dream Island Archery Park in Tokyo Bay Zone It consisted of 9 events (3 men, 3 women, 3 mixed teams). It was expected that there would be 140 archer slots in the qualifying rounds to the countdown of the Games.

The 2020 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games were postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. They kept the 2020 name and were held from 24 August to 5 September 2021.

Yumenoshima
Yumenoshima (夢の島; lit. Dream Island or Island of Dreams) is a district in Kōtō, Tokyo, Japan, consisting of an artificial island built using waste landfill in Tokyo Bay. It is not the first such island in the bay (see Umi-no-mori ja:海の森公園). At current fill rates, there will be no more room for waste landfill in the bay without affecting shipping lanes by around 2050; likewise, Osaka Bay and Ise Bay are slowly being consumed by waste landfill islands, e.g. Rinku Town.
Core Security Technologies
Fortra, formerly known as Core Security by HelpSystems, is an American computer and network security company that provides cyber threat prevention and identity access management software products and services, including penetration testing, network traffic analysis, threat detection, privileged access management, and identity governance The company’s research arm, CoreLabs, identifies new IT security vulnerabilities, publishes public vulnerability advisories, and works with vendors to assist in eliminating the exposures they find.

In February 2019, HelpSystems acquired the Core Security products from SecureAuth. HelpSystems is a global enterprise software company working in the areas of automation and cybersecurity.

In 2022, the company rebranded as Fortra. Matt Reck is CEO of the company.

Privileged access management
Privileged Access Management (PAM) is a type of identity management and branch of cybersecurity that focuses on the control, monitoring, and protection of privileged accounts within an organization. Accounts with privileged status grant users enhanced permissions, making them prime targets for attackers due to their extensive access to vital systems and sensitive data.
Leptogium subazureum
Leptogium subazureum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) and foliose lichen in the family Collemataceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2010 by Archana Dube and Urmila Vasudev Makhija. The type specimen was collected along the road from Ajra to Amboli (Maharashtra) at an elevation of 900 m (3,000 ft). It is one of the most common lichens in the Western Ghats of Maharashtra. It grows along with mosses on the twigs and trunks of trees. The specific epithet subazureum alludes to its resemblance with Leptogium azureum, which differs in ascospore size.

Ajara (India)
Ajara is a census town and the headquarters of Ajara Taluka in the Kolhapur district of Maharashtra, India. It is a developing city with a Nagar Panchayat (municipal council).

Ajara is mainly known for its Ajara Ghansal Tandul rice. Two rivers flow through the town, the Chitra and the Hiranyakeshi. Ramtirth, a site where Rama, Lakshmana, and Sita are believed to have stayed during their 14-year vanvas (exile), is located here.
Vehicle registration plates of Cambodia
Cambodian vehicle license plates are the license plates attached to most motorized road vehicles in Cambodia, which are required by law. Cambodian license plates display the name of the province where the vehicle was registered. The owner must register the car in the province they live; this can be a different province from where the owner has his official residence (as shown in the housing register). If the title to the car is transferred to someone else, and the new owner lives in a different province, the number usually changes. Since 2009, Cambodia's official UN road code is KH (previously KMH and K).

Vehicle registration plate
A vehicle registration plate, also known as a number plate (British, Indian, Pakistani English and Australian English), license plate (American English) or licence plate (Canadian English), is a metal or plastic plate attached to a motor vehicle or trailer for official identification purposes. All countries require registration plates for commercial road vehicles such as cars, trucks, and motorcycles, for hire. Whether they are required for other vehicles, such as bicycles, boats, or tractors, may vary by jurisdiction. The registration identifier is a numeric or alphanumeric ID that uniquely identifies the vehicle or vehicle owner within the issuing region's vehicle register. In some countries, the identifier is unique within the entire country, while in others it is unique within a state or province. Whether the identifier is associated with a vehicle or a person also varies by issuing agency. There are also electronic license plates.
Edward Barnett (cricketer)
Edward Barnett (19 November 1818 – 1899) was an English cricketer. His batting and bowling styles are unknown.

Barnett made his first-class debut in 1837, playing for The Bs against the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) at Lord's.

In 1841, he appeared in four more first-class matches: three for Sussex—against MCC at Lord's, against Kent at the Old County Ground, West Malling, and again against MCC at the Royal New Ground, Brighton—and one for the Slow Bowlers against the Fast Bowlers at Lord's. His selection for the Slow Bowlers side suggests he was likely a slow bowler, though no definitive record of his bowling style exists. It is also possible that he was included as a given man.

Across his five first-class appearances, Barnett scored 42 runs at an average of 4.20, with a top score of 9. He also took six catches.

Barnett died in Blean, Kent in 1899.

Old County Ground
The Old County Ground was a first-class cricket ground, located in West Malling, Kent. Known under various names throughout its existence, the ground hosted 14 first-class matches between 1836 and 1890.