hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Artin conjecture
In mathematics, there are several conjectures made by Emil Artin:

Artin conjecture (L-functions)

Artin's conjecture on primitive roots

The (now proved) conjecture that finite fields are quasi-algebraically closed; see Chevalley–Warning theorem

The (now disproved) conjecture that any algebraic form over the p-adics of degree d in more than d2 variables represents zero: that is, that all p-adic fields are C2; see Ax–Kochen theorem or Brauer's theorem on forms

Artin had also conjectured Hasse's theorem on elliptic curves

Hasse's theorem on elliptic curves
Hasse's theorem on elliptic curves, also referred to as the Hasse bound, provides an estimate of the number of points on an elliptic curve over a finite field, bounding the value both above and below.

If N is the number of points on the elliptic curve E over a finite field with  q elements, then Hasse's result states that

The reason is that N differs from q + 1, the number of points of the projective line over the same field, by an 'error term' that is the sum of two complex numbers, each of absolute value

This result had originally been conjectured by Emil Artin in his thesis.  It was proven by Hasse in 1933, with the proof published in a series of papers in 1936.

Hasse's theorem is equivalent to the determination of the absolute value of the roots of the local zeta-function of E.  In this form it can be seen to be the analogue of the Riemann hypothesis for the function field associated with the elliptic curve.
Toshiba T1100
The Toshiba T1100 is a laptop manufactured by Toshiba in 1985, and has subsequently been described by Toshiba as "the world's first mass-market laptop computer". Its technical specifications were comparable to the original IBM PC desktop, using floppy disks (it had no hard drive), a 4.77 MHz Intel 80C88 CPU (a lower-power variation of the Intel 8088), 256 KB of conventional RAM extendable to 512 KB, and a monochrome LCD capable of displaying 80x25 text and 640x200 CGA graphics. Its original price was US$1,899 (equivalent to $5,550 in 2024).

The T1100 PLUS is a later model of this laptop, released to the market in 1986. Some significant differences to the T1100 are: 16-bit data bus 80C86 CPU, 7.16 MHz or 4.77 MHz operation, 256 KB of conventional RAM (16-bit) extendable to 640 KB, and two internal 720 KB 3.5" diskette drives.

The T1100 was named an IEEE Milestone in 2009.

Intel 8088
The Intel 8088 ("eighty-eighty-eight", also called iAPX 88) microprocessor is a variant of the Intel 8086. Introduced on June 1, 1979, the 8088 has an eight-bit external data bus instead of the 16-bit bus of the 8086. The 16-bit registers and the one megabyte address range are unchanged, however. In fact, according to the Intel documentation, the 8086 and 8088 have the same execution unit (EU)—only the bus interface unit (BIU) is different. The 8088 was used in the original IBM PC and in IBM PC compatible clones.
Likoma Islands (Malawi Parliament constituency)
Likoma Islands is a constituency for the National Assembly of Malawi, located in the Likoma District of Malawi's Northern Region. It elects one Member of Parliament by the first past the post system. The constituency was represented by DPP MP George Kamwanja in 2014.

Likoma District
Likoma District is the least populous district of Malawi, which consists of two separate exclaves of Malawi situated within Mozambican waters in Lake Malawi (also known in Tanzania as Lake Nyasa and in surrounding Mozambique as Lago Niassa).  It consists of two main islands, Likoma and Chizumulu. It is a district in the Northern Region of Malawi. The capital is Likoma. The district covers an area of 20 km², and has a population of 14,527.
Takashi Miyake
Takashi Miyake (born 2 May 1980) is a Japanese former international rugby union player.

Miyake, a native of Kyoto, attended Fushimi Technical High School and was a member of Japan's top-ranked collegiate team during his time at Kanto Gakuin University. He played his rugby for Panasonic Wild Knights.

A versatile back, Miyake was capped four times for Japan, debuting against Spain in 2005. He made three appearances as starting fullback in the 2006 Pacific 5 Nations and scored a try against the Junior All Blacks.

Miyake announced his retirement from rugby at the end of the 2014–15 Top League season.

All Blacks XV
The All Blacks XV is the second national rugby union team of New Zealand, after the All Blacks. New Zealand's second national team has had numerous names in its history: Junior All Blacks, New Zealand XV, New Zealand A, New Zealand B, All Blacks XV.

Matches played as the 'All Blacks XV' are not test matches and are usually against a touring side or, when on tour, against non-top tier rugby nations or club teams.
Fred Fisher Music Co. v. M. Witmark & Sons
Fred Fisher Music Co. v. M. Witmark & Sons, 318 U.S. 643 (1943), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held the renewal of copyright for the second term is not an opportunity for an author to renegotiate terms made during the first term that extended beyond the first term's length.

Justices Black, Douglas, and Murphy dissented from the decision, citing the lower court judge's opinion rather than composing their own.

The Copyright Act of 1976 abrogated this decision and assigned the decision of whether to renew to the original copyright holder.

Lower court
A lower court or inferior court is a court from which an appeal may be taken, usually referring to courts other than supreme court. In relation to an appeal from one court to another, the lower court is the court whose decision is being reviewed, which may be the original trial court or some of appellate court lower in rank than the supreme court which is hearing the appeal. In other words, lower courts are 'lower' in hierarchical chain of appellate procedure than other higher appellate courts. Usually it is obligation of a lower court to follow the decision of higher appellate court, even in civil law countries where precedents have no binding power.

Some common law countries  use term "lower court" or "inferior court" as antonym for "superior court", meaning such lower courts have only limited jurisdiction according to importance of case (usually decided by monetary amount of claims). For information on this kind of courts, see Small claims court and superior court.
Open House (2004 film)
Open House is a 2004 real estate musical film starring Hedy Burress, Ann Magnuson, Anthony Rapp, Sally Kellerman, Jenna Leigh Green, Kellie Martin, and directed by Dan Mirvish, co-founder of the Slamdance Film Festival.

Open House played on the film festival circuit in 2004–05 and was released on DVD through Wellspring Media.  All the actors sang live on set rather than lip synching.

Kellie Martin
Kellie Noelle Martin (born October 16, 1975) is an American actress. Her roles have included Lolly in Potato Head Kids, Daphne Blake in A Pup Named Scooby-Doo, Emily Coleman in Troop Beverly Hills, Becca Thatcher in Life Goes On, Molly Tazmanian Devil in Taz-Mania, Sherry in Matinee, Christy Huddleston in Christy, Sadira in Aladdin, Roxanne in A Goofy Movie,  Lucy Knight in ER, Samantha Kinsey in the Mystery Woman TV film series, and as Hailey Dean in the Hailey Dean Mysteries.
Anna Ryzhykova
Anna Vasylivna Ryzhykova, nee Yaroshchuk (Ukrainian: Анна Василівна Рижикова (Ярощук); born 24 November 1989) is a Ukrainian track and field athlete who specialises in the 400 metres hurdles. At the European Athletics Championships, she won silver medals in 2012 and 2018, and bronze in 2022. Ryzhykova placed fifth at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.

She won gold medals at the 2011 Summer Universiade and European U23 Championships. Ryzhykova is the Ukrainian record holder in her specialist event with a time of 52.96 seconds.

European Athletics Championships
The European Athletics Championships is a biennial (from 2010) athletics event organised by the European Athletic Association and is recognised as the elite continental outdoor athletics championships for Europe.
1993 Lipton Championships – Men's doubles
Ken Flach and Todd Witsken were the defending champions, but lost in the second round to Johan Donar and Ola Jonsson.

Wild cards Richard Krajicek and Jan Siemerink won the title, defeating Patrick McEnroe and Jonathan Stark 6–7, 6–4, 7–6 in the final.

Ola Jonsson
Ola Jonsson (born 3 November 1966) is a former professional tennis player from Sweden. He enjoyed most of his tennis success while playing doubles.  During his career, he won two doubles titles and finished runner-up an additional two times. He achieved a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 90 in 1991.
Kuttyedathi
Kuttyedathi (transl. Kutty, the Elder Sister) is a 1971 Malayalam language film, directed by P. N. Menon and written by M. T. Vasudevan Nair. It was widely regarded as one of the best South Indian films made in the 1970s. The film is woven around the life of a girl, who is an ugly duckling with tomboyish tendencies, and who is continuously discriminated against in favour of her prettier younger sister. The film was shot at Edappal.

Edappal
Edappal is a town which lies near to the town of Ponnani in Ponnani taluk, Malappuram district, Kerala, India. Edappal at the junction of Thrissur-Kuttippuram and Palakkad-Ponnani state highways, is located 45 km (28 mi) from Malappuram. Edappal lies in two panchayaths (local body jursidcitions), Vattamkulam, and Edappal. Edappal shares borders with Thuyyam, Polpakkara, Ayilakkadu, Vattamkulam, and Annakampadu. Sukapuram (also known as Chowwara), one of the earliest Brahmin settlements in Kerala, lies in Edappal. The Azhvanchery Thamprakkal of Athavanad (originally Maranchery), had influence over the Nambudiris of Sukapuram (Chowwara), while the Kalpakanchery Thamprakkal of Kalpakanchery influenced the rival Nambudiris of Panniyoor. Edappal forms a portion of the Malappuram metropolitan area as of 2011 Census. Edappal lies in Ponnani Kole Wetlands and is surrounded by the Biyyam backwater lake of Ponnani.
Keadue
Keadue, officially Keadew (Irish: Céideadh), is a village in County Roscommon, Ireland. It is on the R284 and R285 regional roads close to the borders of County Leitrim and County Sligo.

Keadue is the burial place of the great Irish harper, Turlough O'Carolan, and the village holds an annual O'Carolan Harp Festival and Summer School to commemorate his life and work. Kilronan Castle lies on the shores of Lough Meelagh which also borders the town. Previously in ruins, it was restored and converted into a hotel in 2008. Keadue is a twice overall winner of the Irish Tidy Towns Competition in 1993 and 2003, as well as numerous awards for the tidiest town in the county.

County Roscommon
County Roscommon (Irish: Contae Ros Comáin) is a county in Ireland. It is part of the province of Connacht and the Northern and Western Region. It is the 11th largest Irish county by area and 26th most populous. Its county town and largest town is Roscommon. Roscommon County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county was 70,259 as of the 2022 census.
Skin (Rag'n'Bone Man song)
"Skin" is a song by British singer Rag'n'Bone Man. It was released as a download on 26 January 2017 through Columbia Records as the third single from his debut studio album Human (2017). The song was written by Rory Graham (Rag'n'Bone Man), Jonny Coffer, Jamie Scott, Mike Needle and Dan Bryer.

Jonny Coffer
Jonathan Coffer (born 8 March 1989) is a British songwriter and record producer from London. He has written and produced for artists including Beyoncé, Kendrick Lamar, Lykke Li, FKA twigs, Naughty Boy, Emeli Sandé, Fall Out Boy, Weezer, Rita Ora, Alicia Keys, Martin Garrix, Ellie Goulding, Bastille, Jess Glynne, Rag'n'Bone Man, Tom Odell, Gorgon City, Wretch 32, Kamal., and Miley Cyrus.

He co-wrote the UK number 1 hit "La La La" feat. Sam Smith, as well as "Runnin' (Lose It All)" with Naughty Boy. Coffer co-wrote and produced the song "Freedom" feat. Kendrick Lamar from Beyonce's 2016 album Lemonade
 and co-wrote "Drown" feat. Clinton Kane for Martin Garrix. He also co-produced "High Hopes" with Panic! at the Disco, which reached #4 on the Billboard Hot 100.

Jonny is the brother of commercial barrister Benjamin Coffer.
Caroline Häcki
Caroline Häcki-Rindlisbacher (born 4 October 1982) is a Swiss dressage rider. Representing Switzerland, she competed at the 2014 World Equestrian Games  and the 2018 FEI World Equestrian Games and at two European Dressage Championships (in 2013 and 2015).

Her best championship result is 9th place in team dressage at the 2013 Europeans held in Herning while her current best individual result is 39th place from the same championships.

Herning
Herning (Danish pronunciation: [ˈhɛɐ̯ne̝ŋ]) is a Danish town in the Central Denmark Region of the Jutland peninsula. It is the main town and the administrative seat of Herning Municipality. Herning has a population of 51,782 (1 January 2025) including the suburbs of Tjørring, Snejbjerg, Lind, Birk, Hammerum, and Gjellerup, making Herning the 12th most populous urban area in Denmark.
The Southern Lights
"The Southern Lights" is the second episode of the second season of the American animated television series The Legend of Korra, a sequel to Avatar: The Last Airbender, and the 14th episode overall. Like the previous episode, the story of this episode was written by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko; meanwhile, the episode was written by Joshua Hamilton and directed by Ian Graham. The episode originally aired on Nickelodeon in the United States on September 13, 2013, immediately after the season premiere, "Rebel Spirit".

Michael Dante DiMartino
Michael Dante DiMartino (born July 18, 1974) is an American animator, producer, writer, and director. He is best known, together with Bryan Konietzko, as the co-creator of the animated TV series Avatar: The Last Airbender and The Legend of Korra, both on Nickelodeon.
Abbasabad-e Kheyrabad
Abbasabad-e Kheyrabad (Persian: عباس ابادخيراباد, also Romanized as ʿAbbāsābād-e Kheyrābād) is a village in Salehabad Rural District, Salehabad County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 105, in 20 families.

Salehabad County
Salehabad County (Persian: شهرستان صالح‌آباد) is in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Salehabad, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 8,625 in 2,198 households.
Nikolay Kobozev
Nikolay Stepanovich Kobozev (Russian: Николай Степанович Ко́бозев; also spelled: Кобызев, Кобезев, Кобзев; (6 December 1793 – 2 March 1866)) was one of the founders of Berdiansk, and its first mayor. He was a merchant of the 1st Guild (since 1841), a fishing magnate, and a hereditary honorary citizen of Berdiansk since 1851.

Kerch
Kerch, also known as Kerich, is a city of on the Kerch Peninsula in the east of Crimea. It has a population of 147,033 (2014 Census).

Founded 2,600 years ago as the ancient Greek colony Pantikapaion, Kerch is one of the most ancient cities in Crimea. The city experienced rapid growth starting in the 1920s and was the site of a major battle during World War II.

Today, it is one of the largest cities in Crimea and is among the area's most important industrial, transport and tourist centres. As with the rest of Crimea, it has been occupied by Russian forces since the Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014.
Aníbal Tortoriello
Aníbal Tortoriello (born 24 December 1958) is an Argentine politician of Republican Proposal (PRO). Since 2021, he has been a National Deputy elected in Río Negro Province. From 2015 to 2019, he was intendente (mayor) of Cipolletti.

In 2023, he unsuccessfully ran for governor of Río Negro, losing against Alberto Weretilneck.

Río Negro Province
Río Negro (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈri.o ˈneɣɾo], Black River) is a province of Argentina, located in northern Patagonia. Neighboring provinces are from the south clockwise Chubut, Neuquén, Mendoza, La Pampa and Buenos Aires. To the east lies the Atlantic Ocean.

Its capital is Viedma near the Atlantic outlet of the province's namesake river in the eastern extreme. The largest city is Bariloche in the far west in the Andean foothills. Other important cities include General Roca and Cipolletti.
Gov. Samuel Huntington House
The Gov. Samuel Huntington House is a historic house at 34 East Town Street in Norwich, Connecticut.  The house was built in 1783 by Samuel Huntington (1731–96), a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence and a Governor of Connecticut. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 6, 1970, and is a contributing property to the Norwichtown Historic District.

Samuel Huntington (Connecticut politician)
Samuel Huntington (July 16, 1731 – January 5, 1796) was a Founding Father of the United States and a lawyer, jurist, statesman, and Patriot in the American Revolution from Connecticut. As a delegate to the Continental Congress, he signed the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation. He also served as President of the Continental Congress from 1779 to 1781, President of the United States in Congress Assembled in 1781, chief justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court from 1784 to 1785, and the 18th Governor of Connecticut from 1786 until his death. He was the first United States governor to have died while in office.
Midcoast Villager
The Midcoast Villager is a regional weekly newspaper covering Knox and Waldo counties in Maine. It was established in September 2024 following the merger of five news publications based in Camden, Rockland, and Belfast, Maine.

Belfast, Maine
Belfast is a city in Waldo County, Maine, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 6,938. Located at the mouth of the Passagassawakeag River estuary on Belfast Bay and Penobscot Bay. Belfast is the county seat of Waldo County. Its seaport has a wealth of historic architecture in several historic districts, and remains popular with tourists.
The Crow: City of Angels (soundtrack)
The original soundtrack of The Crow: City of Angels, the sequel to the 1994 film The Crow, was released on July 29, 1996, by Hollywood Records.  The album includes a cover of the Fleetwood Mac song "Gold Dust Woman" by Hole, as well as tracks by other heavyweight artists such as White Zombie, Korn, Deftones and Iggy Pop. Like the original Crow soundtrack, a song by Joy Division (one of O'Barr's favorite bands) is covered, "In a Lonely Place" by Bush.

Initial pressings contained a small Crow comic in the CD booklet, written by John Wagner and illustrated by Dean Ormston.

Hole, Filter, Tricky and Rob Zombie all returned for the soundtrack of The Crow: Salvation.

According to RIAA, the album has been certified Platinum with sales exceeding 1 million copies in the United States. The album was reportedly banned in Korea and Singapore.

Hollywood Records
Hollywood Records is an American record label owned by the Disney Music Group which focuses on pop, rock, alternative, hip hop and country genres, also specializing in recordings for a more mature audience not suitable for the flagship Walt Disney Records label.

Founded in December 1989, its current roster includes Sofia Carson, Tini, Kevin Jonas, Area21, Queen, Little Image, Almost Monday, Joywave, Andy Grammer, Adrian Lyles, Freya Skye, and Kenzie. The label also releases soundtrack albums and digital releases from Marvel Studios, 20th Century Studios, Searchlight Pictures, ABC, National Geographic, Hulu, 20th Television, Freeform, FX Productions, and ESPN since their acquisitions by The Walt Disney Company.
Bell Rock (Arizona)
Bell Rock is a butte just north of the Village of Oak Creek, Arizona, United States, south of Sedona in Yavapai County. With an elevation at its summit of 4,919 feet (1,499 m), it is just west of Courthouse Butte. Its panoramic views make it a popular landmark and tourist attraction.

The most popular route is a moderate hike that reaches a small plateau on the northwest face of the butte. A challenging unmarked trail must be taken to reach the summit.

Yavapai County, Arizona
Yavapai County (/ˈjævəˌpaɪˌ/ YA-və-pye) is a county near the center of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census, its population was 236,209, making it the fourth-most populous county in Arizona. The county seat is Prescott.

Yavapai County comprises the Prescott Valley-Prescott, AZ Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the northern portions of Peoria and Wickenburg, the balance of which are in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area.
Eketāhuna
Eketāhuna is a small rural town, in the south of the Tararua District and the Manawatū-Whanganui region of New Zealand's North Island.

The town is located at eastern foot of the Tararua Ranges, 35 kilometres north of Masterton and a similar distance south of Palmerston North. It is situated on State Highway 2, on the eastern bank of the Mākākahi River.

Eketāhuna has become synonymous with stereotypes of remote rural New Zealand towns, with New Zealanders colloquially referring to the town in the same way other English speakers refer to Timbuktu.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "land on the sandbank" for Eketāhuna. When pronounced in the typical Pākehā way, the name sounds like the Afrikaans sentence "I have a chicken" (Afrikaans: Ek het 'n hoender), making it amusing to immigrant Afrikaans-speaking South Africans in New Zealand.

Tararua Range
The Tararua Range, often referred to as the Tararua Ranges or Tararua, is one of several mountain ranges in the North Island of New Zealand.

The Tararua Range runs northeast–southwest for 80 km (50 mi) from near Palmerston North to the upper reaches of the Hutt Valley, where the northern tip of the Remutaka Range begins. It is separated in the north from the southern end of the Ruahine Range by the Manawatū Gorge. Most of the Range is wilderness, protected as the Tararua Forest Park.

The highest peak in the Tararua Range is Pukeamoamo / Mitre (not to be confused with Mitre Peak) at 1,570 m (5,150 ft). Other prominent peaks include Mount Bannister at 1,537 m (5,043 ft) and Mount Hector at 1,529 m (5,016 ft), which is named after the scientist Sir James Hector. Its Māori name is Pukemoumou, or 'hill of desolation'.
The Siege of Belgrade
The Siege of Belgrade is a comic opera in three acts, principally composed by Stephen Storace to an English libretto by James Cobb. It incorporated music by Mozart, Salieri, Paisiello and Martini, and is therefore considered a pasticcio opera, as well as a Singspiel in English language, as it contained a spoken dialogue. It premiered on 1 January 1791 at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, in London with a great success, featuring many famous singers and actors of the time, such as sopranos Nancy Storace and Anna Maria Crouch, tenor Michael Kelly as well as Shakespearean actors with singing skills such as John Bannister and Richard "Dicky" Suett.

Singspiel
A Singspiel (German pronunciation: [ˈzɪŋʃpiːl] ⓘ; plural: Singspiele; lit. 'sing-play') is a form of German-language music drama, now regarded as a genre of opera. It is characterized by spoken dialogue, which is alternated with ensembles, songs, ballads, and arias which were often strophic, or folk-like. Singspiel plots are generally comic or romantic in nature, and frequently include elements of magic, fantastical creatures, and comically exaggerated characterizations of good and evil.
Dutch Navy Museum
The Dutch Navy Museum is a naval museum in Den Helder, Netherlands.

The museum is dedicated to the history of the Koninklijke Marine (Royal Netherlands Navy).

The most important ships the museum owns are:

HNLMS Abraham Crijnssen (minesweeper)

HNLMS Schorpioen (ironclad ram)

HNLMS Tonijn (submarine)

HNLMS De Ruyter (guided missile destroyer) (Deck and radar)

Naval ram
A naval ram is a weapon fitted to varied types of ships, dating back to antiquity. The weapon comprised an underwater prolongation of the bow of the ship to form an armoured beak, usually between 2 and 4 meters (6.6 and 13.1 ft) in length. This would be driven into the hull of an enemy ship to puncture, sink or disable it.