hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Soldier (party)
During and following the First World War, several people ran in Canadian elections as soldiers.  They had themselves listed on the ballot as Soldier Party, "Soldier-Farmer Party", "Soldier-Labour Party", or “Independent Soldier”.

One such candidate, Joseph McNamara, was elected in the riding of Riverdale (in Toronto) in the 1919 Ontario election. His mandate lasted from October 20, 1919 to May 10, 1923 and he generally supported the United Farmers of Ontario-Independent Labour Party government of Ernest C. Drury in the legislature.

Politics in the interwar period were hugely influenced by the societal impacts of veterans, in Canada as in other countries that were participants from the start in that war.

1919 Ontario general election
The 1919 Ontario general election, held on October 20, 1919, elected 111 Members of the 15th Legislative Assembly of Ontario ("MLAs"). The United Farmers of Ontario captured the most seats but won only a minority of the legislature. They joined with 11 Labour MPPs and three others to form a coalition government, ending the 14-year rule of Ontario's Conservatives. This is one of the few examples of coalition government in Canadian history.

Premier William Howard Hearst had aimed to win a fifth consecutive term for the Conservatives, but instead the party became the first in Ontario history to fall from first to third place. As newspaperman John Willison later remarked, "There could not have been a worse time for a general election."
Flexor retinaculum of the hand
The flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament or anterior annular ligament) is a fibrous band on the palmar side of the hand near the wrist. It arches over the carpal bones of the hands, covering them and forming the carpal tunnel.

Fiber
Fiber (spelled fibre in British English; from Latin: fibra) is a natural or artificial substance that is significantly longer than it is wide. Fibers are often used in the manufacture of other materials. The strongest engineering materials often incorporate fibers, for example carbon fiber and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene.

Synthetic fibers can often be produced very cheaply and in large amounts compared to natural fibers, but for clothing natural fibers have some benefits, such as comfort, over their synthetic counterparts.
Gilde Norsk Kjøtt
Gilde Norsk Kjøtt is a defunct Norwegian red meat processing company organised as an agricultural cooperative.  The company was by far the largest processor in the country when it merged with Prior Norge in 2006 to create Nortura. The company had gradually grown together as the slaughter cooperatives in the country had merged. It was not until 2000 that the company fully merged into one legal entity. Before this it had been an association between various local slaughterhouses.

Red meat
In the context of nutrition, red meat is defined as meat obtained from mammals, including beef, pork, lamb/mutton, veal, and venison.  Red meat does not necessarily appear red in color.

Red meat is a good source of protein, iron, zinc, and vitamins B1, B2, B6, and B12. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), unprocessed red meat probably causes cancer, particularly colorectal cancer. Studies have also linked red meat with higher risks of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. If meat is processed, such as by salting, curing, or smoking, health risks further increase. Processed meat is known to cause colorectal cancer.  The World Cancer Research Fund recommends minimizing consumption of processed meat and limiting red meat to no more than three portions per week, which is equivalent to about 350–500g (12–18oz) cooked weight.

In culinary contexts, the term red meat is used more loosely to refer to meat that is red when raw.
Lower (surname)
Lower is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arthur R. M. Lower (1889–1988), Canadian historian

Britt Lower (born 1985), American actress

Cyrus B. Lower (1843–1924), American Civil War Medal of Honor recipient

Geoffrey Lower (born 1963), American actor

Kathleen Lower (1905-1995), British politician

Oswald Bertram Lower (1863–1925), Australian entomologist

Richard Lower (physician) (1631–1691), Cornish inventor of blood transfusion

Robert A. Lower (1844–1918), American Civil War Medal of Honor recipient

William Lower (astronomer) (1570–1615), English astronomer

William Lower (dramatist) (c. 1610–1662), English dramatist and translator

Britt Lower
Brittney Leigh Lower (/laʊər/; born August 2, 1985) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles in the crime drama series Unforgettable (2011–2014), the romantic comedy series Man Seeking Woman (2015–2017), and the sci-fi series Severance (2022–present), the last of which earned her a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series in 2025.
Arista, West Virginia
Arista is an unincorporated community and coal town in Mercer County, West Virginia, United States. Arista is located on West Virginia Route 10, 4 miles (6.4 km) north of Matoaka.

Arista was named for a mining official's wife.

Coal town
A coal town, also known as a coal camp or patch, is a type of company town or mining community established by the employer, a mining company, which imports workers to the site to work the mineral find. The company develops it and provides residences for a population of miners and related workers to reside near the coal mine. The 'town founding' process is not limited to mining, but this type of development typically takes place where mineral wealth is located in a remote or undeveloped area. The company opens the site for exploitation by first, constructing transportation infrastructure to serve it, and later to establish residences for workers. Mineral resources were sometimes found as the result of logging operations that established clear-cut area. Geologists and cartographers could then chart and plot the lands for exploitation.
E-text
e-text (from "electronic text"; sometimes written as etext) is a general term for any document that is read in digital form, and especially a document that is mainly text. For example, a computer-based book of art with minimal text, or a set of photographs or scans of pages, would not usually be called an "e-text".  An e-text may be a binary or a plain text file, viewed with any open source or proprietary software. An e-text may have markup or other formatting information, or not. An e-text may be an electronic edition of a work originally composed or published in other media, or may be created in electronic form originally. The term is usually synonymous with e-book.

Photograph
A photograph (also known as a photo, or more generically referred to as an image or picture) is an image created by light falling on a photosensitive surface, usually photographic film or an electronic image sensor. The process and practice of creating such images is called photography.

Photographs are now created using a smartphone or camera, which uses a lens to focus the scene's visible wavelengths of light into a reproduction of what the human eye would perceive.
Podsmreka pri Višnji Gori
Podsmreka pri Višnji Gori (pronounced [pɔdˈsmɾeːka pɾi ˈʋiːʃnji ˈɡɔːɾi]) is a settlement east of Višnja Gora in the Municipality of Ivančna Gorica in central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

Municipality of Ivančna Gorica
The Municipality of Ivančna Gorica (pronounced [iˈʋaːntʃna ɡɔˈɾiːtsa]; Slovene: Občina Ivančna Gorica) is a municipality in the traditional region of Lower Carniola in central Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Ivančna Gorica. Ivančna Gorica became a municipality in 1995.
History of Tasmania
The history of Tasmania begins at the end of the Last Glacial Period (approximately 12,000 years ago) when it is believed that the island was joined to the Australian mainland. Little is known of the human history of the island until the British colonisation of Tasmania in the 19th century.

Oyster Cove, Tasmania
Putalina, Oyster Cove is a semi-rural locality in the local government areas (LGA) of Kingborough and Huon Valley in the Nipaluna, Hobart and South-east LGA regions of Lutriwita, Tasmania. The locality is about 20 kilometres (12 mi) south-west of the town of Kingston. The 2016 census has a population of 319 for the state suburb of Oyster Cove. Part of Putalina, Oyster Cove is an Indigenous Protected Area due to its history as a colonial holding facility for Aboriginal Tasmanians.
Licab
Licab, officially the Municipality of Licab (Tagalog: Bayan ng Licab; Ilocano: Ili ti Licab; Pangasinan: Baley na Licab), is a municipality in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 29,590 people.

Nueva Ecija
Nueva Ecija, officially the Province of Nueva Ecija (Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Nueva Ecija Tagalog pronunciation: [ˈnwɛvɐ ʔɛˈsiha, ˈnwɛbɐ -]; Ilocano: Probinsia ti Nueva Ecija; Pangasinan: Luyag na Nueva Ecija; Kapampangan: Lalawigan ning Nueva Ecija; Spanish: Provincia de Nueva Écija), is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. Its capital is the city of Palayan, while Cabanatuan, its former capital, is the largest city and the economic, commercial, and institutional center of Nueva Ecija. The province borders, from the south clockwise, Bulacan, Pampanga, Tarlac, Pangasinan, Nueva Vizcaya and Aurora. The province is nationally known as the Rice Granary of the Philippines, producing the largest rice yield in the country.
Werner Kogler
Werner Kogler ([ˈvɛʁnɐ ˈkoːglɐ]; born 20 November 1961) is an Austrian politician of the Green Party who served as Vice-Chancellor of Austria from 2020 to 2024 and as minister for Arts, Culture, the Civil Service and Sport in the governments of chancellors Sebastian Kurz, Alexander Schallenberg, and Karl Nehammer from 2020 to 2025.

Kogler has served as federal spokesman of the Green Party from October 2017 till June 2025. He was a member of the National Council of Austria from 1999-2017 and again from 2019.

Ministry of the Arts, Culture, the Civil Service and Sport (Austria)
The Ministry of the Arts, Culture, the Civil Service and Sport (German: Bundesministerium für Kunst, Kultur, öffentlichen Dienst und Sport or BMKÖDS) is the government ministry of Austria in charge of the arts and sport as well as public administration and personnel questions that do not fall within the jurisdiction of another ministry. It bears responsibility for the management of museums and theatres, the maintenance of landmarks and historical sites, and the promotion of Austrian cinema.
Umanath Singh
Umanath Singh (13 August 1937-13 September 1993) was an Indian politician from Uttar Pradesh who served as the jail minister in First Kalyan Singh ministry in 1991. He was elected to Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Bayalsi constituency in 1969 and 1974 on the symbol of Jana Sangh. He was elected from Bayalsi again in 1989 and 1991 on the symbol of Bharatiya Janata Party. His son Krishna Pratap Singh had represented Jaunpur Lok Sabha constituency from 2014 to 2019.

1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
Elections to the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly were held in February 1969, to elect members of the 425 constituencies in Uttar Pradesh, India. The Indian National Congress won the most seats as well as the popular vote, and Chandra Bhanu Gupta was appointed the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh.

The state had been under President's Rule since February 1968. After the passing of The Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1961, the constituencies were set to the ones used in this election. In this election Bharatiya Kranti Dal led by Charan Singh contested for the first time and won 98 Seats.
Eugen Bacon
Eugen Bacon is an African-Australian computer scientist and author of speculative fiction.

She has won or been nominated for national and international awards, including the SFWA Kate Wilhelm Solstice Award, Otherwise Fellowship, Shirley Jackson Award, Philip K Dick Award, Locus Awards, Ignyte Awards, Victorian Premier's Literary Awards, World Fantasy Awards, British Science Fiction Association (BSFA) Award, Bridport Prize, Aurealis Awards, Australian Shadows Awards, Ditmar Awards, British Fantasy Awards,  and Nommo Award for Speculative Fiction by Africans. She also writes nonfiction. She is a professional editor registered with the Institute of Professional Editors (IPEd), and has been a judge in various competitions including the Aurealis Awards, Western Australian Premier's Literary Awards, Norma K Hemming Awards  and Australian Shadows Awards.

Bridport Arts Centre
Bridport Arts Centre is an arts centre in Bridport, Dorset, England. Founded in 1973, it is housed in and around a 19th-century, Grade II listed building, formerly known as the Wesleyan Methodist Chapel. The complex includes the Marlow Theatre, the Allsop Gallery and a cinema.

The centre runs the Bridport Prize, an international literary competition. Annual awards are made in four categories: short stories, poetry, flash fiction and first novel. The winners are announced during the Bridport Open Book Festival. The centre also runs the From Page to Screen Festival, an annual film festival celebrating literary adaptations.
FM Okinawa
FM Okinawa (エフエム沖縄) is an FM radio station in Okinawa, Japan. The station is an affiliate of the Japan FM Network (JFN). It started broadcasting on September 1, 1984, replacing its existing AM radio station Far East Broadcasting (極東放送) which started broadcasting in February 1958.

The station is also receivable at Yoronjima in Kagoshima Prefecture and parts of the Amami Islands. Some of the station's programs are also broadcast on FM Miyako (76.5 MHz), a community FM radio station for the Miyako-jima island due to no relay transmitters in Sakishima Islands and Daito Island.

The station is also receivable in Honshu in good conditions during Sporadic E layer outbreak layer conditions which happen from the middle of May until late June.

The station broadcasts 24 hours a day which starts at 5:00 am every day. However the station will be closed for maintenance between 1:00 and 5:00 am on Monday early mornings (Sunday late night).

Amami Islands
The Amami Islands (Japanese: 奄美群島, Hepburn: Amami-guntō) are a Japanese archipelago in the Satsunan Islands, which is part of the Ryukyu Islands, and is southwest of Kyushu. Administratively, the group belongs to Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. The Geospatial Information Authority of Japan and the Japan Coast Guard agreed on February 15, 2010, to use the name of Amami-guntō (奄美群島) for the Amami Islands. Prior to that, Amami-shotō (奄美諸島) was also used. The name of Amami is probably cognate with Amamikyu (阿摩美久), the goddess of creation in the Ryukyuan creation myth.
Headland (agriculture)
A Headland, in agriculture, is the area at each end of a planted field. In some areas of the United States, this area is known as the Turnrow. It is used for turning around with farm implements during field operations and is the first area to be harvested to minimize crop damage. The rows run perpendicular to the lay of the field and are usually two, three or four times the width of the implement used for planting the field.

Crop
A crop is a plant or plant product harvested for human use. Crops are cultivated at scale to produce food, fiber, fuel, and other products. Crops have been central to human civilization since the first agricultural revolution, a key stage in the broader history of agriculture, when early societies domesticated plants for food and trade. Today, a small number of staple crops such as rice, wheat, maize, and sugarcane account for the majority of global production. Because of their economic importance, crops are studied within several scientific disciplines, including agronomy, agricultural science, horticulture, and forestry.
James Syme Drew
Major-General Sir James Syme Drew, KBE, CB, DSO, MC, DL (1 September 1883 – 27 June 1955) was a decorated British Army officer who saw service during both the world wars. He served as aide-de-camp to the King, commanded the 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division, was colonel to the Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders, and became director-general of the Home Guard and Territorial Army.

Director general
A director general, general director or director-general (plural: directors general, general directors, directors-general, director generals or director-generals) is a senior executive officer, often the chief executive officer, within a governmental, statutory, NGO, third sector or not-for-profit institution. The term is commonly used in many countries worldwide, but with various meanings.
The Treacherous Three (album)
The Treacherous Three is the self-titled debut studio album by American hip hop group Treacherous Three. It was released in 1984 via Sugar Hill Records with distribution of MCA Records and produced by Sylvia Robinson. Complex (magazine) puts the album at number 39 on their 50 Greatest Rap Albums of the 1980s.

The songs "At the Party", "Feel the Heartbeat" and "The Body Rock" were recorded and released from 1980 to 1981 as 12" singles for Bobby Robinson's Enjoy Records and were also compiled on Whip It (1983). The songs "Turning You On", "U.F.O." and "Get Up" were recorded and released in 1983 on Sylvia Robinson's Sugar Hill Records.

Enjoy Records
Enjoy Records was a record label owned and operated by Bobby Robinson from 1962 through the mid-1980s, and was run out of his record shop at 125th Street and 8th Ave. in Harlem. Starting with blues, R&B, and rock and roll, the label recorded many of the  original old-school hip hop groups and MCs, including Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, the Funky 4+1, Spoonie Gee, and the Treacherous Three, beginning in 1979. The label closed down in 1987, although Robinson's shop remained open.
USS SC-1
USS SC-1, before July 1920 known as USS Submarine Chaser No. 1 or USS S.C. 1, was an SC-1-class submarine chaser built for the United States Navy during World War I.

SC-1 was a wooden-hulled 110-foot (34 m) submarine chaser built at Naval Station New Orleans in New Orleans, Louisiana. She was commissioned on either 1 or 8 October 1917 as USS Submarine Chaser No. 1, abbreviated at the time as USS S.C. 1.

During World War I, S.C. 1 was based at Base 27, Plymouth, England, from which she conducted antisubmarine patrols against German submarines as a part of Unit 1 with the submarine chasers S.C. 344 and USS S.C. 345.

When the U.S. Navy adopted its modern hull number system on 17 July 1920, Submarine Chaser No. 1 was classified as SC-1 and her name was shortened to USS SC-1.

On 20 July 1921, the Navy sold SC-1 to Henry A. Hitner's Sons Company of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Hull classification symbol
The United States Navy, United States Coast Guard, and United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) use a hull classification symbol (sometimes called hull code or hull number) to identify their ships by type and by individual ship within a type. The system is analogous to the pennant number system that the Royal Navy and other European and Commonwealth navies use.
Hosselkus Limestone
The Hosselkus Limestone is an Upper Triassic fossiliferous marine micritic limestone formation that outcrops in Plumas and Shasta Counties, California. It is known for its invertebrate fauna, most notably the many species of shelled cephalopods.

Shasta County, California
Shasta County (/ˈʃæstə/ ⓘ), officially the County of Shasta, is a county located in the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. Its population is 182,155 as of the 2020 census, up from 177,223 recorded in 2010. The county seat is Redding. The county is bordered by Modoc County, Lassen County, Siskiyou County, Plumas County, Tehama County and Trinity County.

Shasta County comprises the Redding, California metropolitan statistical area. The county occupies the northern part of the Sacramento Valley, with portions extending into the southern reaches of the Cascade Range. Points of interest in Shasta County include Shasta Lake, Lassen Peak, and the Sundial Bridge.
Bodie Mine
The Bodie Mine is an inactive, privately owned gold mine in Okanogan County, Washington, United States. It is located within a triangle formed by the town of Wauconda, Washington the original town of Bodie, Washington, and the later ghost town of Bodie, on Toroda Road.

Gold mining
Gold mining is the extraction of gold by mining.

Historically, gold mining from alluvial deposits used manual separation processes, such as gold panning. The expansion of gold mining to ores that are below the surface has led to more complex extraction processes such as pit mining and gold cyanidation. In the 20th and 21st centuries, large corporations produce the vast majority of the gold mined. However, as a result of the increasing value of gold, there are also millions of small, artisanal miners in many parts of the Global South.

As with all mining, human rights and environmental issues are important issues in the gold mining industry, and can result in environmental conflict. In mines with less regulation, health and safety risks are much higher.
Canny
Canny is the surname of:

John Canny, American-based Australian computer scientist, namesake of the Canny edge detector

Lauryn Canny, Irish former child actress

Nicholas Canny (born 1944), Irish historian

Paddy Canny (1919–2008), Irish fiddler

Steven Canny (born 1969), English playwright and BBC executive producer

Nicholas Canny
Nicholas Patrick Canny (born 1944) is an Irish historian and academic specializing in early modern Irish history. He has been a lecturer in Irish history at the University of Galway since 1972 and professor there from 1979 to 2011. He is Emeritus Professor of History, University of Galway.
Cultural depictions of tigers
Tigers have had symbolic significance in many different cultures. They are considered one of the charismatic megafauna, and are used as the face of conservation campaigns worldwide. In a 2004 online poll conducted by cable television channel Animal Planet, involving more than 50,000 viewers from 73 countries, the tiger was voted the world's favourite animal with 21% of the vote, narrowly beating the dog.

Charismatic megafauna
Charismatic megafauna are animal species that are large—relative to the category that they represent—with symbolic value or widespread popular appeal, and are often used by environmental activists to gain public support for environmentalist goals. In this definition, animals such as penguins or bald eagles are megafauna because they are among the largest animals within the local animal community, and they disproportionately affect their environment. The vast majority of charismatic megafauna species are threatened and endangered by issues such as overhunting, poaching, black market trade, climate change, habitat destruction, and invasive species. In a 2018 study, the top twenty most charismatic megafauna (first to last) are the tiger, lion, elephant, giraffe, leopard, panda, cheetah, polar bear, wolf, gorilla, chimpanzee, zebra, hippopotamus, great white shark, crocodile, dolphin, rhinoceros, brown bear, koala, and blue whale.