hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James E. McWilliams
James E. McWilliams (born November 28, 1968) is professor of history at Texas State University. He specializes in American history, of the colonial and early national period, and in the  environmental history of the United States. He also writes for The Texas Observer and the History News Service, and has published a number of op-eds on food in The New York Times, The Christian Science Monitor, and USA Today. Some of his most popular articles advocate veganism.

The Texas Observer
The Texas Observer (also known as the Observer) is an American magazine with a liberal political outlook. The Observer is published bimonthly by a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, the Texas Democracy Foundation. It is based in Austin, Texas.

On March 27, 2023, it announced that it was ceasing publication. However, on March 29, it was announced that publication will continue following a successful crowdfunding campaign by staff.
Adegoke
Adégòkè audioⓘis both a surname and a given name of Yoruba origin meaning "the crown or royalty has ascended to the top, or has gained advancement". Notable people with the name include:

Adegoke Adelabu (1915–1958), Nigerian politician

Adegoke Fadare, Canadian politician

Adegoke Olubummo (1923–1992), Nigerian academic and mathematician

Surname

Enoch Olaoluwa Adegoke (born 2000), a Nigerian sprinter

Jimmy Adegoke (born 1963), climate scientist and professor at the University of Missouri-Kansas City

Mutiu Adegoke (born 1984), Nigerian football defender

Saidat Adegoke (born 1985), Nigerian footballer

Sam Adegoke, Nigerian actor

Sarah Adegoke (born 1997), Nigerian tennis player

Stephen Adegoke, American football coach and former player

Kemi Badenoch, nee Adegoke (born 1980) Nigerian-British politician

Adegoke Adelabu
Gbadamosi Adegoke Adelabu Listenⓘ (3 September 1915 – 25 March 1958), popularly known as Adelabu Adegoke Penkelemesi, was a prominent personality in the politics of Ibadan city and subsequently that of the Western Region of Nigeria right before the country's independence in 1960. He was Nigeria's Minister of Natural Resources and Social Services from January 1955 to January 1956 and was later the opposition leader in the Western Regional Assembly until his death in 1958. He was a self-made man born into a humble family but became an influential figure in Nigerian politics. He attended Government College, Ibadan and eventually became a businessman. His successful political career was cut short when he was killed in a car crash, not long before Nigeria gained independence from Britain.

Adelabu was a self-described egotist who believed in the merits of radical nationalism, national unity and radical socialist ideology.
Sean Alvarez
Sean Alvarez (born July 14, 1971) is an American retired mixed martial artist and grappler. He competed in the Heavyweight division. An accomplished grappler, Alvarez won gold medals at the Brazilian jiu-jitsu World Championships and the Pan American Championships as well three-silver medals at the ADCC Submission Wrestling World Championship. In MMA, he competed for the UFC, King of the Cage, and RINGS.

Pan IBJJF Jiu-Jitsu Championship
The Pan Jiu-Jitsu Championship or Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Pan American Championship (commonly known as Pan Ams or Pans), is the largest Brazilian jiu-jitsu tournament held in the Americas. The event is held annually by the International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation.
Ivory Tower (Van Morrison song)
"Ivory Tower" is a song written by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison and included on his 1986 album, No Guru, No Method, No Teacher. The song was also released as a single with the B-side "A New Kind of Man", from his previous album A Sense of Wonder. It charted at No. 21 on the US Mainstream Rock Tracks in 1986.

Clinton Heylin writes this about the song "A chorus about how tough 'It really must be/ To be me, to see like me, to feel like me' threatens the spirituality self-effacing mood he had previously maintained." Biographer John Collis takes the same viewpoint by saying "Ivory Tower, totally breaks the mold – it's an r'n'b shaker just like those produced by the Van Morrison of old, though now he suffers from self pity: "Don't you know the price I have to pay/Just to do everything I have to do..."

Billboard said it is an "upbeat r&b boogie." Cash Box said it is an "outstanding and blustery return to form for the brilliant and visionary Morrison."

A Sense of Wonder
A Sense of Wonder is the fifteenth studio album by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison released in 1984. On first release, original pressings had to be recalled when the W. B. Yeats estate refused to allow Morrison's musical version of the poem "Crazy Jane on God" to be included, as they believed his poems should only be set to classical music. Morrison substituted "If You Only Knew" for the Yeats' recording. (Later, perhaps due to Morrison's efforts, Yeats poems would be put to rock settings on a whole album).

The 29 January 2008 reissued and remastered version of the album contains alternate takes of "Crazy Jane on God" and "A Sense of Wonder".
Betty Jean Alexander
Betty Jean Alexander (born c. 1966) is an American politician, who served as a Democratic member of the Michigan Senate, representing the 5th district from 2019 to 2022.

Alexander was described as a dark horse candidate due to her never holding public office, her being a single mother, and qualifying for food stamps before her election to the state senate. Alexander served as a member of the Michigan Legislative Black Caucus.

Dark horse
A dark horse is a previously lesser-known person, team or thing that emerges to prominence in a situation, especially in a competition involving multiple rivals, that is unlikely to succeed but has a fighting chance, unlike the underdog who is expected to lose.

The term comes from horse racing and horse betting jargon for any new but promising horse. It has since found usage mostly in other sports, sports betting, and sports journalism and to lesser extent in nascent business environments, such as experimental technology and startup companies.
Euura oblita
Euura oblita is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae (common sawflies). The larvae feed on the leaves of willows (Salix species) and was first described by Jean Guillaume Audinet-Serville in 1823.

Jean Guillaume Audinet-Serville
Jean Guillaume Audinet-Serville (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ ɡijom odinɛ sɛʁvil]; his name, before the Revolution, included a particle: Audinet de Serville) was a French entomologist, born on 11 November 1775 in Paris. He died on 27 March 1858 in La Ferté-sous-Jouarre.
Al-Rihan
Al-Rihan (Arabic: الريحان) also spelled Ar-Rayhan, is a Syrian village located in the Douma District of Rif Dimashq. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Al-Rihan had a population of 4,099 in the 2004 census.

Rif Dimashq Governorate
Rif Dimashq Governorate (Arabic: محافظة ريف دمشق, romanized: Moḥaafaẓat Reef Demashq, lit. "Damascus Countryside" or "Damascus Suburbs") is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in the southwestern part of the country. It borders the governorates of Quneitra, Daraa and Suwayda in the southwest, Homs in the north, Lebanon in the west and Jordan in the south. The capital is the city of Douma.

The Governorate completely surrounds the city and governorate of Damascus and it has an area of 18,032 km² and a population of 2,273,074 (2004 census).

The Governorate was a major site of fighting in the Syrian Civil War in the Rif Dimashq Governorate campaign.
Nathan Laube
Nathan J. Laube (born 1988) is an American organist. He is currently Associate Professor of Organ at the Eastman School of Music having previously taught there from 2013 to 2020. He was previously on the organ faculty at the State University of Music and Performing Arts Stuttgart, Germany. Laube is also the International Consultant in Organ Studies at the Royal Birmingham Conservatoire in the United Kingdom. He is regarded as "one of the best organists of his generation in the United States".

Royal Birmingham Conservatoire
Royal Birmingham Conservatoire is a music school, drama school and concert venue in Birmingham, England. It provides education in music, acting, and related disciplines up to postgraduate level. It is a centre for scholarly research and doctorate-level study in areas such as performance practice, composition, musicology and music history. It is the only one of the nine conservatoires in the United Kingdom that is also part of a faculty of a university, in this case Arts, Design and Media at Birmingham City University. It is a member of the Federation of Drama Schools, and a founder member of Conservatoires UK.

The conservatoire houses a 500-seat concert hall and other performance spaces including a recital hall, organ studio, and a dedicated jazz club. It was founded in 1886 as the Birmingham School of Music, the first music school to be established in England outside London.
Pinto Creek (Arizona)
Pinto Creek is a tributary of the Salt River in Gila County, Arizona, within the Tonto National Forest. The creek winds for 28 miles (45 km) northward from the Pinal Mountains, through the Sonoran Desert, before emptying into the tail of Theodore Roosevelt Lake. Since the 1980s, the Pinto Creek watershed has been the site of environmental disputes over water rights and mining operations.

Historically, the lower Pinto Creek was a rare desert riparian stream that supported sycamore, cottonwood, willow, and ash trees, and a diversity of wildlife. The creek started drying up in 2013 as a result of increased groundwater pumping by the Pinto Valley Mine, despite the Forest Service holding instream flow rights. As of 2022, mining continues while much of Pinto Creek remains dry year-round. Groundwater repletion is expected to take at least 100 years.

Pinto Valley Mine
The Pinto Valley Mine is a large copper mine located in Arizona, in the southwestern part of the United States. Pinto Valley represents one of the largest copper reserves in the United States and in the world, having estimated reserves of 446 million tonnes of ore grading 0.25% copper. It is located in Gila County, near the town of Miami.

The mine owns the San Manuel Arizona Railroad.
Simonson Brook (New Jersey)
Simonson Brook, also known as Sunonson Brook, is a tributary of the Millstone River in southern Franklin Park, Somerset County, New Jersey in the United States. Historically it was also known as Simonson's Brook, named for the Simonson family that had settled in the area prior to the construction of the Delaware and Raritan Canal.

Franklin Park, New Jersey
Franklin Park is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Franklin Township, in Somerset County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2010 United States census, the CDP's population was 13,295. Route 27 (historically known as Old Road/King's Highway and once part of the Lincoln Highway system) bisects the village and serves as the dividing line between the two counties. The adjacent sections of South Brunswick and North Brunswick, Middlesex County on the east side of Route 27 are also known as Franklin Park, but are not included within the CDP's boundaries.

The area is served as United States Postal Service ZIP Code 08823.
Claviger (title)
A claviger was the title of an office-holder to be found in many medieval boroughs, cities and other organisations. The term means key holder derived from clavis + gerere (key + to carry). The office was retained in many localities in England and Wales until the municipal reforms instituted by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835.

Municipal Corporations Act 1835
The Municipal Corporations Act 1835 (5 & 6 Will. 4. c. 76), sometimes known as the Municipal Reform Act, was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that reformed local government in the incorporated boroughs of England and Wales. The legislation was part of the reform programme of the Whigs and followed the Reform Act 1832, which had abolished most of the rotten boroughs for parliamentary purposes.
Western Bundjalung people
The Western Bundjalung or Bundjalung people are an aggregation of tribes of Australian Aboriginal people who inhabit north-east NSW along the Clarence River, now within the Clarence Valley, Glen Innes Severn Shire, Kyogle, Richmond Valley, and Tenterfield Shire Council areas.

Richmond Valley Council
Richmond Valley Council (RVC) is a local government area on the Northern Rivers region of north-eastern New South Wales, Australia. RVC services an area of 3,051 square kilometres (1,178 sq mi) and draws its name from the Richmond River, which flows through most of the council area. The area under management is located adjacent to the Bruxner Highway, Pacific Highway, and the North Coast railway line.

It is a rural area for the most part, with most industries involving cattle and crop growing, such as sugar cane, wheat, and pecan plantation.

The mayor of the Richmond Valley Council is Cr. Robert Mustow, an independent politician.
Lely Morel
Lely Morel (November 25, 1909 – December 29, 2013) was an Argentine vedette, singer and film actress of the Golden Age of Argentina cinema who was born in Buenos Aires. She also performed in Brazilian films.

Vedette (cabaret)
A vedette is the main female artist of a show derived from cabaret and its subcategories of revue, vaudeville, music hall or burlesque. The purpose of the vedette is to entertain and captivate the public. Vedettes are expected to sing, dance and act on stage. Particularly accomplished artistes are considered super vedettes or first vedettes. Vedettes often wear flashy and revealing costumes and may appear alongside groups of dancers, magicians, comedians, jugglers, or even performing animals. Vedettes specializing in burlesque generally do  striptease and may also perform nude on stage.

In the 20th century, vedette shows were successful in the cabarets, theaters and nightclubs of countries such as Spain, France, Argentina and Mexico. Paris and Las Vegas were considered the main cradle of the vedettes.
Beethoven's Ninth Symphony CD-ROM
Beethoven's Ninth Symphony CD-ROM was one of the first titles to couple a computer compact disc with an audio CD. This title, a companion to Beethoven's Symphony No. 9, was developed in 1989 by the Voyager Company in Apple Computer's HyperCard, using custom audio XCMDs developed at Voyager. The lead instructor and creative voice was UCLA music instructor Robert Winter.

Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, while offering black and white images on a 512×342 resolution display, offered full 44 kHz stereo audio by controlling an off-the-shelf audio CD in the CD-ROM player.

Historically, Beethoven's Ninth Symphony is of importance as it was an early example of interactive media that reached the consumer market, before the popularization of the Internet or DVDs.

Interactive media
Interactive media refers to digital experiences that dynamically respond to user input, delivering content such as text, images, animations, video, audio, and even AI-driven interactions. Over the years, interactive media has expanded across gaming, education, social platforms, and immersive technologies like VR and AR. With the rise of AI-generated content, decision-driven narratives, and real-time engagement, concerns have shifted toward cybersecurity risks, digital well-being, and the societal impact of hyper-personalized media.
Lampang Airfield Complex
Lampang Airfield Complex was a Royal Thai Air Force and Imperial Japanese Army Air Force military installation established in 1944. After the war, most of it has been abandoned. It is located in Lampang province, Northern Thailand.

Northern Thailand
Northern Thailand, or more specifically Lan Na, is a region of Thailand. It is geographically characterized by several mountain ranges, which continue from the Shan Hills in neighboring Myanmar to Laos, and the river valleys that cut through them. Like most of Thailand, it has a tropical savanna climate, but its relatively high elevation and latitude contribute to more pronounced seasonal temperature variation, with cooler winters than the other regions.

Historically, northern Thailand has been linked to the Hariphunchai Kingdom, which emerged as a powerful state in the region in the 7th century. This kingdom was related to the Dvaravati that existed from the 6th to 11th centuries. The Hariphunchai culture later influenced the development of the Lanna Kingdom, which emerged in the 13th century and lasted until the 18th century.
2016–17 Harvard Crimson women's basketball team
The 2016–17 Harvard Crimson women's basketball team represented Harvard University during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Crimson, led by the head coach Kathy Delaney-Smith who was head coach for thirty five years, play their home games at the Lavietes Pavilion and were members of the Ivy League. They finished the season 21–9, 8–6 in Ivy League play to finish in third place. They had lost in the semifinal of the Ivy women's tournament to Princeton. They were invited to the WNIT where they defeated New Hampshire in the first round by scoring more points than they got, before losing to St. John's in the second round by getting less points than they got.

2017 Ivy League women's basketball tournament
The 2017 Ivy League women's basketball tournament was a women's college conference tournament held March 11–12, 2017, at the Palestra on the campus of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. It was the first postseason tournament held by the Ivy League in women's basketball. Penn won the tournament, earning an automatic bid to the 2017 NCAA tournament.
2010 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware
The 2010 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware was held on November 2, 2010, to determine who would represent the state of Delaware in the United States House of Representatives for the 112th United States Congress. Democratic nominee former Lieutenant Governor, John Carney defeated Republican nominee Glen Urquhart, giving Delaware an all Democratic congressional delegation for the first time since before the 1942 midterms. This is the first open-seat election since 1992 and only the second since 1976.

Fairleigh Dickinson University
Fairleigh Dickinson University (/ˈfɛərli/) is a private university with its main campuses in New Jersey, located in Madison / Florham Park and in Teaneck / Hackensack. Founded in 1942, Fairleigh Dickinson University offers more than 100 degree programs. In addition to two campuses in New Jersey, the university has a campus in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, one in Wroxton, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom, and an online platform. Fairleigh Dickinson University is New Jersey's largest private institution of higher education, with over 12,000 students.
Sejm Constituency no. 13
Kraków II is a Polish parliamentary constituency in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship.  It elects fourteen members of the Sejm.

The district has the number '13' and is named after the city of Kraków.  It includes the counties of Kraków, Miechów, and Olkusz and the city county of Kraków.

Electoral districts of Poland
Electoral districts of Poland (Polish: okręgi wyborcze, okręg wyborczy (sg.)) are defined by Polish election law. Electoral districts can be divided depending on whether they are individual entities or parts of a larger electoral district with regard to elections to 1) parliament (Sejm) and Senate 2) local offices and 3) European Parliament. Each district has a number of mandates calculated on the basis of its population.
Murder of Shahzeb Khan
On 25 December 2012, university student Shahzeb Khan was murdered in a targeted revenge killing in Karachi, Pakistan. The initial lack of action from police in apprehending Shahzeb Khan's killers sparked countrywide outrage and protests against the abuse of power by the wealthy in Pakistan. On 7 June 2013, Shahrukh Jatoi, son of feudal Sikandar Jatoi and Siraj Talpur, from the Talpur clan, were sentenced to death for this crime, while Sajjad Solangi and Ghulam Murtaza Lashari were sentenced to life imprisonment for aiding the two killers. However, in September 2013 Shahzeb's parents, DSP Aurangzeb Khan and Ambreen Aurangzeb, decided to file an affidavit with the court pardoning all four accused and requesting their release, the Sindh High Court released the culprits on 23 December 2017. On 1 February 2018 the Supreme Court of Pakistan ordered both the case to be reopened before the SHC and the accused persons to be retaken into custody.

Affidavit
An affidavit (/ˌæfɪˈdeɪvɪt/ ⓘ AF-ih-DAY-vit; Medieval Latin for "he has declared under oath") is a written statement voluntarily made by an affiant or deponent under an oath or affirmation which is administered by a person who is authorized to do so by law. Such a statement is witnessed as to the authenticity of the affiant's signature by a taker of oaths, such as a notary public or commissioner of oaths. An affidavit is a verified statement or showing. An affidavit is made under oath on penalty of perjury. An affidavit serves as evidence of the truth of the statements it contains and is commonly required in court proceedings.
St. James Episcopal Church (Greeneville, Tennessee)
St. James Episcopal Church is an Episcopal church in Greeneville, Tennessee, United States.

The St. James congregation was organized in 1842 as the "Greeneville Parish, Greene County," by a small group of faithful Episcopalians who gathered for worship at the Greene County Courthouse. They were admitted to the 1848 Convention of the Episcopal Diocese of Tennessee, and subsequently were approved as a formal parish at the diocesan convention in July 1849.

The parish constructed its present church building in 1850, modified it in 1894, and further enlarged the structure in 1951. It is said to be one of Tennessee's oldest churches.

Between 1852 and 1901, St. James experienced great turmoil, having to close its doors for 18 months from 1873 to 1875. During this period St. James lapsed into mission status and did not regain its standing as a parish until 1957.

Diocese of Tennessee
The Diocese of Tennessee is the diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America that covers roughly Middle Tennessee.  A single diocese spanned the entire state until 1982, when the Episcopal Diocese of West Tennessee was created; the Diocese of Tennessee was again split in 1985 when the Episcopal Diocese of East Tennessee was formed. It is headquartered in Nashville, Tennessee.

The diocese reported 16,904 members in 2019 and 15,460 members in 2023; no membership statistics were reported in 2024 national parochial reports. Plate and pledge income for the 45 filing congregations of the diocese in 2024 was $17,958,668. Average Sunday attendance (ASA) was 4,298 persons.

The diocese includes 52 parishes and mission outposts. Most of its present communicants reside in the metropolitan Nashville area (chiefly Davidson, Rutherford, Sumner, and Williamson counties). St. Paul's Church in Franklin is the diocese's oldest congregation.
Woodburnia
Woodburnia penduliflora is a species of flowering plant in the family Araliaceae and the only representative of the genus Woodburnia. It is endemic to Burma and was first described from the Kachin State in 1903. The genus was named after the former president of the Asiatic Society of Bengal and lieutenant governor of Bengal, John Woodburn. It was described by botanist David Prain as having striking flowers unusually large for the Araliaceae family.

David Prain
Sir David Prain CMG CIE FRS FRSE (11 July 1857 – 16 March 1944) was a Scottish botanist who worked in India at the Calcutta Botanical Garden and went on to become Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.