hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Foolproof (book)
Foolproof: Why We Fall for Misinformation and How to Build Immunity is a 2023 book written by social psychologist Sander van der Linden. In the book, van der Linden makes the case for an epidemiological approach to studying and countering the spread of misinformation, comparing it to how a virus spreads in the population. Although a broader treatise about the psychology of misinformation, Van der Linden focuses on developing his theory of psychological inoculation against misinformation, which he also refers to as 'prebunking' (i.e. the opposite of traditional debunking).

Debunker
A debunker is a person or organization that exposes or discredits claims believed to be false, exaggerated, or pretentious. The term is often associated with skeptical investigation of controversial topics such as UFOs, claimed paranormal phenomena, cryptids, conspiracy theories, alternative medicine, religion, and exploratory or fringe areas of scientific or pseudoscientific research. According to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary, to "debunk" is defined as: "to expose the sham or falseness of." The  New Oxford American Dictionary defines "debunk" as "expose the falseness or hollowness of (a myth, idea, or belief)". If debunkers are not careful, their communications may backfire – increasing an audience's long-term belief in myths. Backfire effects can occur if a message spends too much time on the negative case, if it is too complex, or if the message is threatening.
Sviyazhsk railway station
Station Sviyazhsk - Gorky Railway Station in Sviyazhsk, at Nizhnie Vyazovye. Enters into the Department of Railway Stations, a subsidiary of Joint Stock Company "Russian Railways".

The station is located on the Moscow - Kazan - Yekaterinburg at a distance of 752 km from Moscow. From the station to the south line goes in Buinsk and going to the Kuibyshev Railway - in Ulyanovsk.

The station is located on the right bank of the Volga River at the intersection with the highway M7 (in this case prior to 1998). Until the mid-1990s lower Volga, there was no road bridge, so between the station and the station Sviyazhsk Zeleonyj Dol, located on the left bank, went to the so-called "Rainbow" - the train from the platform, carrying a car from one coast to another.

European route E22
European route E22 is one of the longest European routes. It has a length of about 5,320 km (3,310 mi). Many of the E-roads have been extended into Asia since the year 2000; the E22 was extended on 24 June 2002.
Catherine Britt (album)
Catherine Britt is the fourth studio album by Australian country music singer Catherine Britt. The album was released in May 2010 and peaked at number 73 on the ARIA Charts.

At the ARIA Music Awards of 2010, the album was nominated for the ARIA Award for Best Country Album.

ARIA Award for Best Country Album
The ARIA Music Award for Best Country Album, is an award presented at the annual ARIA Music Awards, which recognises "the many achievements of Aussie artists across all music genres", since 1987. It is handed out by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), an organisation whose aim is "to advance the interests of the Australian record industry."

Kasey Chambers holds the record for the most wins in this category, having won all nine of her nominations as a solo artist in addition to winning as a member of the Dead Ringer Band in 1996. Troy Cassar-Daley has the most nominations with 14 (15 counting the various artists album Not So Dusty), while Adam Brand and Catherine Britt are tied for the most nominations without a win with seven each. Three artists have won in two consecutive years; John Williamson in 1989 and 1990, Lee Kernaghan in 1993 and 1994, and Chambers in 2013 (for Wreck & Ruin, a collaboration with Shane Nicholson) and 2014 and again in 2017 and 2018.
Albert Bedouce
Albert Bedouce (8 January 1869, Toulouse – 4 August 1947, Paris) was a French politician. He joined at first the French Workers' Party (POF), which in 1902 merged into the Socialist Party of France (PSdF), which in turn merged into the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in 1905. Bedouce was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1906 to 1919 and from 1924 to 1940. He was Minister of Public Works from 1936 to 1937. In the 1939 presidential election Bedouce was the candidate of the SFIO, but lost to Albert Lebrun, the candidate of the Democratic Republican Alliance. On 10 July 1940, he voted in favour of granting the Cabinet presided by Marshal Philippe Pétain authority to draw up a new constitution, thereby effectively ending the French Third Republic and establishing Vichy France. For this he was expelled from the SFIO after the Liberation of France. In 1945, with his associate Émile Berlia, he joined the newly founded Democratic Socialist Party (PSD).

Socialist Party of France (1902)
The Socialist Party of France (Parti socialiste de France) was a socialist political party.

The party was founded in 1902 during a congress in Commentry by the merger of the Marxist French Workers' Party led by Jules Guesde and the Blanquist Socialist Revolutionary Party of Édouard Vaillant.

Unlike the French Socialist Party of Jean Jaurès, it refused to support bourgeois governments and so to take part in the Bloc des gauches coalition.

However, the two parties merged in 1905 under the pressure of the Second International into the French Section of the Workers' International.
William Victor Higgins
William Victor Higgins (June 28, 1884 – August 23, 1949) was an American painter and teacher, born in Shelbyville, Indiana. At the age of fifteen, he moved to Chicago, where he studied at the Art Institute in Chicago and at the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts.  In Paris he was a pupil of Robert Henri, René Menard and Lucien Simon, and when he was in Munich he studied with Hans von Hayek.  He was an associate of the National Academy of Design. Higgins moved to Taos, New Mexico in 1913 and joined the Taos Society of Artists (alongside E. Irving Couse, Joseph Henry Sharp, Oscar E. Berninghaus and others) in 1917. In 1923 he was on the founding board of the Harwood Foundation with Elizabeth (Lucy) Harwood and Bert Phillips.

René Ménard
René Ménard (2 March 1605 – ca. 4 July 1661) was a French Jesuit missionary explorer who traveled to New France in 1641, learned the language of the Wendat, and was soon in charge of many of the satellite missions around Sainte-Marie among the Hurons. Ménard also worked with the Iroquois, and was said to speak six Indian dialects. He survived the continuous attacks from the Iroquois on the Huron and disappeared in 1661.
Andronikos Angelos Doukas
Andronikos Angelos Doukas (Greek: Ἀνδρόνικος Ἄγγελος Δούκας; c. 1133 – before 1185) was a Byzantine aristocrat related to the ruling Komnenos dynasty. During the reign of his cousin, Manuel I Komnenos, he served without success as a military commander against the Seljuk Turks, and as envoy to the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Following Manuel's death, in 1182, he was sent to stop the rebellion of Andronikos I Komnenos but was defeated and eventually defected to him. Shortly after, he led a failed conspiracy of leading aristocrats against Andronikos I. When it was discovered, Andronikos and his sons fled the Empire, ending up in Acre, where he died. He was the father of emperors Isaac II Angelos and Alexios III Angelos.

Komnenos
The House of Komnenos (pl. Komnenoi; Greek: Κομνηνός, pl. Κομνηνοί, pronounced [komniˈni]), Latinized as Comnenus (pl. Comneni), was a Byzantine Greek noble family who ruled the Byzantine Empire in the 11th and 12th centuries. The first reigning member, Isaac I Komnenos, ruled from 1057 to 1059. The family returned to power under Alexios I Komnenos in 1081 who established their rule for the following 104 years until it ended with Andronikos I Komnenos in 1185. In the 13th century, they founded the Empire of Trebizond, a Byzantine rump state which they ruled from 1204 to 1461. At that time, they were commonly referred to as Grand Komnenoi (Μεγαλοκομνηνοί, Megalokomnenoi), a style that was officially adopted and used by George Komnenos and his successors. Through intermarriages with other noble families, notably the Doukas, Angelos, and Palaiologos, the Komnenos name appears among most of the major noble houses of the late Byzantine world.
Critical social work
Critical social work is the application to social work of a critical theory perspective. Critical social work seeks to address social injustices, as opposed to focusing on individualized issues. Critical theories explain social problems as arising from various forms of oppression and injustice in globalized capitalist societies and forms of neoliberal governance.
This approach to social work theory is formed by a polyglot of theories from across the humanities and social sciences, borrowing from various schools of thought, including anarchism, anti-capitalism, anti-racism, Marxism, feminism, biopolitics, and social democracy.

Oppression
Oppression is malicious or unjust treatment of, or exercise of power over, a group of individuals, often in the form of governmental authority. There are many scholars who have attempted to define oppression, usually by the types of harm suffered by those who are persecuted.
László Beleznai
László Beleznai (November 16, 1891 in Budapest – March 23, 1953 in Budapest) was a Hungarian water polo player and freestyle swimmer who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was a member of the Hungarian water polo team, which competed in the 1912 tournament.

Also, he was a member of the Hungarian 4x200 metre freestyle relay team, which qualified for the final, but did not compete. In the 100 metre freestyle event, he qualified for the quarterfinals but did not compete.

Swimming at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metre freestyle
The men's 100 metre freestyle was a swimming event held as part of the swimming at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fourth appearance of the event, which had not been featured at the 1900 Games. The competition was held from Saturday July 6, 1912, to Wednesday July 10, 1912. Thirty-four swimmers from twelve nations competed. The event was won by Duke Kahanamoku of the United States, the nation's second consecutive victory in the event (tying Hungary for most all-time). Cecil Healy took silver, the only medal in the event for Australasia, the short-lived joint team of Australia and New Zealand. Another American, Ken Huszagh, took bronze.
SS Malmö (1918)
Malmö was a 981 GRT coaster that was built in 1918 by HC Stülcken Sohn, Hamburg, Germany for German owners. Although she sank after hitting a mine in 1942, she was salvaged and repaired and then returned to service. She was seized by the Allies in May 1945, passed to the British Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) and was renamed Empire Contay. In 1947, she was sold into merchant service and renamed Reykjanes. She served until 1953 when she was scrapped.

Ministry of War Transport
The Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) was a department of the British Government formed early in the Second World War to control transportation policy and resources. It was formed by merging the Ministry of Shipping and the Ministry of Transport, bringing responsibility for both shipping and land transport to a single department, and easing problems of co-ordination of transport in wartime.

The MoWT was founded on 1 May 1941, when Lord Leathers was appointed Minister of War Transport. Following the general election of July 1945, Alfred Barnes was appointed Minister of War Transport, remaining in the post after the department was renamed the Ministry of Transport in April 1946.
UN number
A UN number (United Nations number) is a four-digit number that identifies hazardous materials, and articles (such as explosives, flammable liquids, oxidizers, toxic liquids, etc.) in the framework of international trade and transport. Some hazardous substances have their own UN numbers (e.g. acrylamide has UN 2074), while sometimes groups of chemicals or products with similar properties receive a common UN number (e.g. flammable liquids, not otherwise specified, have UN 1993). A chemical in its solid state may receive a different UN number than the liquid phase if its hazardous properties differ significantly; substances with different levels of purity (or concentration in solution) may also receive different UN number

Flammable liquid
A flammable liquid is a liquid which can be easily ignited in air at ambient temperatures, i.e. it has a flash point at or below nominal threshold temperatures defined by a number of national and international standards organisations.

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) of the United States Department of Labor defines a liquid as flammable if it has a flash point at or below 93 °C (199.4 °F). Prior to bringing regulations in line with the United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) in 2012, OSHA considered flammable liquids to be those with a flash point below 37.8 °C (100.0 °F). Those with flash points above 37.8 °C/100 °F and below 93.3 °C (199.9 °F) were classified as combustible liquids. Studies show that the actual measure of a liquid's flammability, its flash point, is dependent on the local air pressure, meaning that at higher altitudes where the air pressure is lower, the flash point is also lower.
W. T. White High School
Warren Travis White High School is a public secondary school in Dallas, Texas (USA). W. T. White High School enrolls students in grades 9-12 and is a part of the Dallas Independent School District.

The school, named in honor of the Dallas school superintendent who served from 1946 to 1968, is located in North Dallas about a mile southwest of the Interstate 635 (LBJ Freeway) and Dallas North Tollway intersection. Parts of North Dallas are zoned to W. T. White, as well as sections of Addison, Carrollton, and Farmers Branch.

In 2015, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency.

Interstate 635 (Texas)
Interstate 635 (I-635) is a 37-mile-long (60 km) partial loop around Dallas, Texas, in the United States between I-20 in Balch Springs and SH 121 at the north entrance of the DFW Airport in Grapevine. It intersects I-35E at exits 27B and 27C but does not connect with I-35W. I-635 and a part of I-20 are collectively designated as the Lyndon B. Johnson Freeway; known locally as the LBJ Freeway, or simply LBJ. The roadway is named after Lyndon B. Johnson, the former U.S. senator from Texas and the 37th vice-president and 36th president of the U.S. Where I-635 ends at I-20, I-20 continues the LBJ Freeway designation heading west. Since the portion of I-20 between Spur 408 to I-635 retains the same names as I-635, the two highways are considered three-quarters of the beltway around Dallas. Together with Spur 408, a portion of Loop 12, and a portion of I-35E, I-635 and I-20 complete the beltway.
Édouard Leclerc
Édouard Leclerc (French pronunciation: [edwaʁ ləklɛʁ]; born 20 November 1926 in Landerneau – died 17 September 2012 in Saint-Divy, Brittany) was a French businessman and entrepreneur who founded the French supermarket chain E.Leclerc in 1948. From his first store, Leclerc's chain has multiplied into more than 550 locations in France and 114 stores outside the country, as of 2012.

Leclerc was born in the commune of Landerneau, Finistère, in the region of Brittany on 20 November 1926. He died in Saint-Divy, Finistère, on 17 September 2012, at the age of 85.

Brittany (administrative region)
Brittany (French: Bretagne [bʁətaɲ] ⓘ; Breton: Breizh [brɛjs]; Gallo: Bertaèyn [bəʁtaɛɲ]) is an administrative region of Metropolitan France, comprising the departments of Côtes-d'Armor, Finistère, Ille-et-Vilaine, and Morbihan. Its capital and largest city is Rennes.

Bordered by the English Channel to the north, the Celtic Sea to the west, and the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay) to the south, Brittany's neighboring regions are Normandy to the northeast and Pays de la Loire to the southeast. It is one of two regions in Metropolitan France where all departments have direct access to the sea, the other being Corsica.

The region of Brittany is sometimes referred to as "administrative Brittany" in contrast to "historical Brittany" or "cultural Brittany", which also includes the Loire-Atlantique and whose potential reunification with the administrative region has been a subject of debate for decades.
Mount Tomlinson
Mount Tomlinson (67°15′S 51°11′E﻿ / ﻿67.250°S 51.183°E﻿ / -67.250; 51.183) is a mountain 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) south of Mount Marsland in the northeast part of the Scott Mountains, Enderby Land of Antarctica. It was plotted from air photos taken from ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) aircraft in 1956 and was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia (ANCA) for R.C. Tomlinson, a member of the crew of the Discovery during the British Australian New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE) of 1929–31. Mount Thomlinson has an elevation of 2451m.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Mount Tomlinson". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition
The British Australian (and) New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE) was a research expedition into Antarctica between 1929 and 1931, involving two voyages over consecutive Austral summers. The expedition was led by Australian geologist Sir Douglas Mawson.
Charaxes boueti
Charaxes boueti, the bamboo charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Bioko, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan, Ethiopia and Uganda. The habitat consists of forests, woodland and savanna.

The larvae feed on Arundinaria alpinus, Oxytenanthera abyssinica, Bambusa vulgaris and Afzelia species.

Afrotropical realm
The Afrotropical realm is one of the Earth's eight biogeographic realms. It includes Sub-Saharan Africa, the southern Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, and the islands of the western Indian Ocean. It was formerly known as the Ethiopian Zone or Ethiopian Region.
Vernon-Lumby
Vernon-Lumby (formerly Okanagan-Vernon and Vernon-Monashee) is a provincial electoral district in British Columbia that has been represented in the Legislative Assembly since 1991.

The riding was established in 1988 and was first contested in the 1991 general election. Following the results of the 2021 electoral redistribution, the riding's name was changed and its boundaries were adjusted ahead of the 2024 general election.

Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
The Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (French: Assemblée législative de la Colombie-Britannique) is the deliberative assembly of the Legislature of British Columbia, in the province of British Columbia, Canada. The legislature also includes the lieutenant governor of British Columbia. The assembly has 93 elected members and meets in Victoria. Members are elected from provincial ridings and are referred to as members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor in the name of the King of Canada.

The current legislature is the 43rd Parliament. The most recent general election was held on October 19, 2024. Proceedings of the Legislative Assembly are broadcast by Hansard Broadcasting Services.
Keep Your Lamp Trimmed and Burning
"Keep Your Lamp(s) Trimmed and Burning" is a traditional gospel blues song. It alludes to the Parable of the Wise and Foolish Virgins, found in the Gospel of Matthew at 25:1-13, and also to a verse in the Gospel of Luke, at 12:35.

The song has been attributed to Blind Willie Johnson, who recorded it in 1928; to Reverend Gary Davis, who recorded it in 1956; and to Mississippi Fred McDowell, who recorded it in 1959.

The song has been included in several hymnals.

Gospel blues
Gospel blues (or holy blues) is a form of blues-based gospel music that has been around since the inception of blues music. It combines evangelistic lyrics with blues instrumentation, often blues guitar accompaniment.

According to musician and historian Stefan Grossman, "holy blues" was coined to originally describe Reverend Gary Davis's style of traditional blues playing with lyrics conveying a religious message. Davis and Blind Willie Johnson are considered the genre's two dominant performers, according to Dick Weissman. Other notable gospel-blues performers include Sister Rosetta Tharpe and Washington Phillips.

Blues musicians who became devout, or even practicing clergy, include Reverend Robert Wilkins and Ishman Bracey. Bluesmen such as Blind Willie Johnson, Blind Lemon Jefferson, Charley Patton, Son House, Bukka White, and Skip James also recorded gospel blues or religious songs. Blind Lemon Jefferson and Charley Patton released gospel songs under a pseudonym.
Morocco–Qatar relations
The Kingdom of Morocco and the State of Qatar formed diplomatic relations in 1972. There is substantial economic cooperation between the two countries, with Qatar being one of the largest foreign investors in Morocco. A $2 billion joint venture between Qatar's sovereign wealth fund and Morocco was established in 2011.

Politically, Qatar supports Moroccan claims on Western Sahara, although political relations have historically been sporadic due to Qatar's cordial relations with Algeria and perceived biases perpetuated by its global news corporation, Al Jazeera. During the 2017 Qatari diplomatic crisis, Morocco offered to mediate the dispute, and even sent humanitarian aid to Qatar, which had been banned from using the land, air and sea routes belonging to several of its neighboring countries.

Both countries are members of the Arab League, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Group of 77 and Non-Aligned Movement.

Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC; Arabic: منظمة التعاون الإسلامي, romanised: Munaẓẓamat at-Taʿāwun al-ʾIslāmī; French: Organisation de la coopération islamique), formerly the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, is an intergovernmental organisation founded in 1969. It consists of 57 member states, 48 of which are Muslim-majority. The organisation claims to be "the collective voice of the Muslim world" and works to "safeguard and protect the interests of the Muslim world in the spirit of promoting international peace and harmony".

OIC has permanent delegations to the United Nations and the European Union. Its official languages are Arabic, English, and French. It operates affiliated, specialised, and subsidiary organs within the framework of OIC Charter.

Member states had a collective population of over 1.8 billion as of 2015, accounting for just under a quarter of the world's population. The collective area is 31.66 m km2.
Endorsements in the 1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries
This is a list of endorsements for declared candidates in the Democratic primaries for the 1984 United States presidential election.

This list only includes endorsements by notable individuals and organizations which have been reported in reliable independent sources. Endorsement by individuals does not imply endorsement by their organization.

Thirman Milner
Thirman Leonard Milner (October 29, 1933 – November 29, 2024) was an American politician from Hartford, Connecticut. A Democrat, he served as the 62nd Mayor of Hartford from 1981 to 1987 and was the first popularly elected black mayor in New England.