hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Open source license litigation
Open source license litigation involves lawsuits surrounding open-source licensed software. Many of the legal rights of open source software licensors enforceable against users violating licensing agreements are untested by the U.S. legal system. Free and open source software (FOSS) is distributed under a variety of free-software licenses, which are unique among other software licenses. Legal action against open source licenses involves questions about their validity and enforceability.

Free-software license
A free-software license is a notice that grants the recipient of a piece of software extensive rights to modify and redistribute that software.  These actions are usually prohibited by copyright law, but the rights-holder (usually the author) of a piece of software can remove these restrictions by accompanying the software with a software license which grants the recipient these rights.  Software using such a license is free software (or free and open-source software) as conferred by the copyright holder. Free-software licenses are applied to software in source code and also binary object-code form, as the copyright law recognizes both forms.
Sadat Ouro-Akoriko
Sadat Ouro-Akoriko (born 1 February 1988) is a Togolese former professional footballer who played as a centre-back. At international level, he made 38 appearances for the Togo national team, scoring once.

AmaZulu F.C.
AmaZulu Football Club is a South African professional soccer club based in the city of Durban in the KwaZulu Natal province, that plays in the Premiership, the first tier of the South African football league system. The club's nickname, Usuthu, is the royal house of King Cetshwayo ka Mpande.
Draco biaro
Draco biaro, also known as the Lazell's flying dragon,  is a species of lizard. It is endemic to the Sangihe Islands in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The type locality is the eponymous Biaro Island. It can be found in lowland rainforests.

Biaro Island
Biaro Island, an island in the North Sulawesi sea and a part of the Sitaro Islands Regency, is located off the northern extremity of Sulawesi Island, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Sitaro Islands Regency was formed under Law Number 15 Year 2007 from 2 January 2007.

Biaro Island is about 90 kilometers away from the coastal of North Sulawesi. Biaro Island is not a resort or tourist island. It had a population of 3,635 at the official estimates for mid 2024. It is remotely located with more access from Manado (on the mainland of Sulawesi) than from any other island in the regency. There are five villages at the island which are Lamanggo, Dalingsaheng, Karungo, Buang and Tope. The major religion is Protestantism.
John McCollum
John M. McCollum (February 21, 1922 – October 30, 2015) was an American tenor who had an active singing career in operas, concerts, and recitals during the 1950s through the 1970s. As an opera singer he performed with companies throughout North America, mostly working with second tier opera houses. He was much more successful as a singer of oratorios and other works from the concert repertoire, and enjoyed a particularly productive and lengthy relationship with the Boston Symphony Orchestra. As a concert singer he sang a wide repertoire but drew particular acclaim for his performances in the works of Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel.

Lee Hoiby
Lee Henry Hoiby (February 17, 1926 – March 28, 2011) was an American composer and classical pianist. Best known as a composer of operas and songs, he was a disciple of composer Gian Carlo Menotti. Like Menotti, his works championed lyricism at a time when such compositions were deemed old fashioned. His most well known work is his setting of Tennessee Williams's Summer and Smoke, which premiered at the St Paul Opera in 1971.
Arrows A7
The Arrows A7 was a Formula One car which the Arrows team used to compete in the 1984 Formula One season. The car made its debut at the 1984 Belgian Grand Prix held that year at Zolder. Driven by versatile Swiss fast man Marc Surer and Belgian Thierry Boutsen, the A7 scored only 3 points when Boutsen and Surer finished 5th and 6th respectively in the 1984 Austrian Grand Prix.

The A7 was the team's first time running a turbocharged engine. This was the same powerful BMW M12 Straight 4 which was also used by the Brabham team, though unlike Brabham who had BMW engineers looking after their engines, the Arrows engines were maintained and developed by Swiss engine guru Heini Mader. This left Arrows with around 800 bhp (597 kW; 811 PS) while the factory units were developing around 900 bhp (671 kW; 912 PS)

in the 9/1984 Sport Auto they found the Arrows A7 had a performance of:

1984 Belgian Grand Prix
The 1984 Belgian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Circuit Zolder on 29 April 1984. It was the third race of the 1984 Formula One World Championship. It was the 42nd Belgian Grand Prix, and the tenth and last to be held at Zolder. The race was held over 70 laps of the 4.26-kilometre (2.65 mi) circuit for a race distance of 298.3 kilometres (185.4 mi).

The race was won from pole position by Italian driver Michele Alboreto, driving a Ferrari. It was the third Grand Prix victory for Alboreto, who also became the first Italian driver to win for Ferrari since Ludovico Scarfiotti at the 1966 Italian Grand Prix. British driver Derek Warwick finished second in a Renault, some 42 seconds behind, with Alboreto's French teammate René Arnoux third.

Warwick moved into second place in the Drivers' Championship, five points behind Frenchman Alain Prost, who failed to finish in his McLaren-TAG.
Stadion am Bieberer Berg (1921)
The Stadion am Bieberer Berg was a multi-purpose stadium in Offenbach am Main, Germany. The stadium was built in 1921 and held 26,500 people. Situated between Offenbach city centre and Bieber on Bieberer Berg, it was the home ground of the football club Kickers Offenbach. It was demolished in 2011 while matches were still being played and replaced by the Sparda-Bank-Hessen-Stadion, which was opened in 2012 and has borne the name of the old stadium again since 2021.

David Bowie performed at the old stadium during his Serious Moonlight Tour on 24 June 1983 and during his Earthling Tour on 8 June 1997.

Bieberer Berg
The Bieberer Berg is a hill in Offenbach in the German state of Hesse. The hill is well known in Germany because the local stadium that is the home ground of Kickers Offenbach. The hill area also contains a water tower and 22 hectares (54 acres) park with a ropes course.

50°05′40″N 8°47′55″E﻿ / ﻿50.09444°N 8.79861°E﻿ / 50.09444; 8.79861
Michael Moynihan (Kerry politician)
Michael Moynihan (17 June 1917 – 27 June 2001) was an Irish Labour Party politician who served as Minister of State at the Department of Trade, Commerce and Tourism from 1982 to 1987. He served as a senator from 1973 to 1981 and as a Teachta Dála for the Kerry South constituency from 1981 to 1987 and 1989 to 1992.

Minister of State at the Department of Enterprise, Tourism and Employment
The Minister of State at the Department of Enterprise, Tourism and Employment is a junior ministerial post in the Department of Enterprise, Tourism and Employment of the Government of Ireland and assists the Minister for Enterprise, Tourism and Employment. A Minister of State does not hold cabinet rank.

There are currently two Ministers of State:

Niamh Smyth, TD – Minister of State with responsibility for trade promotion, artificial intelligence and digital transformation

Alan Dillon, TD – Minister of State with responsibility for small businesses and retail
Dick Hightower
Richard Guy Hightower (August 3, 1930 – December 5, 2007) was an American football player.  He played college football at the center position for the SMU Mustangs from 1949 to 1951.  He was a consensus first-team selection on the 1951 College Football All-America Team. He also received All-Southwest Conference honors in both 1950 and 1951.

Hightower was selected by the Washington Redskins in the fourth round (43rd overall pick) of the 1952 NFL draft, but he did not appear in any regular season games in the National Football League (NFL).
He was inducted into the Southern Methodist University Hall of Fame in 1982.

Hightower died in 2007 at Ozona, Texas, while on a hunting trip with friends.

Ozona, Texas
Ozona is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) that serves as the county seat of Crockett County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,663 at the time of the 2020 census. Ozona is the only Census Bureau–recognized community in Crockett County, which is named for Colonel Davy Crockett, a hero of the Alamo.

Ozona was known as "Powell Well", after land surveyor E. M. Powell, when it was founded in 1891. In 1897, it was renamed "Ozona" for the high quantity of its open air, or "ozone". A flood in 1954 killed 16 people and destroyed about half of the homes in the town.
Istanbul (film)
Istanbul is a 1957 American CinemaScope film noir crime film directed by Joseph Pevney, and starring Errol Flynn and Cornell Borchers. It is a remake of the film Singapore, with the location of the action moved to Turkey. The plot involves an American pilot who becomes mixed up with various criminal activities in Istanbul.

Jeff Chandler
Jeff Chandler (born Ira Grossel; December 15, 1918 – June 17, 1961) was an American actor. He was best known for his portrayal of Cochise in Broken Arrow (1950), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He was one of Universal Pictures' more popular male stars of the 1950s. His other credits include Sword in the Desert (1948), Deported (1950), Female on the Beach (1955), and Away All Boats (1956). He also performed as a radio actor and as a singer.
Lady Maisery
Lady Maisery are an English folk vocal harmony trio composed of Hannah James (vocals, piano accordion, clogs, foot percussion), Hazel Askew (vocals, melodeon, concertina, harp, bells) and Rowan Rheingans (vocals, fiddle, banjo).

Lady Maisery sing traditional and contemporary folk songs as well as exploring the tradition of diddling or tune singing, which has nearly died out in England, but is still prevalent in Scandinavia and other parts of Europe. They released their first album, Weave & Spin in 2011, their second, Mayday, in 2013, their third, Cycle, in 2016, and most recently Tender in 2022.

Piano accordion
A piano accordion is an accordion equipped with a right-hand keyboard similar to a piano or organ. Its acoustic mechanism is more that of an organ than a piano, as they are both aerophones, but the term "piano accordion"—coined by Guido Deiro in 1910—has remained the popular name. It may be equipped with any of the available systems for the left-hand manual.

In comparison with a piano keyboard, the keys are more rounded, smaller, and lighter to the touch. These go vertically down the side, pointing inward, toward the bellows, making them accessible to only one hand while handling the accordion.

The bass piano accordion is a variation of a piano accordion without bass buttons, with the piano keyboard sounding an octave lower than the usual low-pitched "bassoon" stop. They typically have around 3 octaves. Arrangements for accordion band may include parts for bass accordion.
Poottu
Poottu (English: The Lock) is a Malayalam movie directed by Rajeevnath. The story is based on U. K. Kumaran’s short story, Koodaram and depicts the life in an apartment complex when the lock system suddenly malfunctions. The movie had its world premiere in Dubai on Saturday, 28 January 2017.

Shibu Gangadharan is the associate director of this movie. The film, with around 30 Indian expatriate actors, was shot in Dubai and Fujeirah and was completed within 13 days. The movie launched its official trailer on 8 March 2017 and announced its theatrical release in April 2017. It was premiered on television on 3 September 2017.

U. K. Kumaran
U. K. Kumaran (born 11 May 1950) is a Malayalam-language novelist, short story writer, essayist and journalist from Kerala, India. He is a recipient of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award and Vayalar Award.
Thennangkeetru
Thennangkeetru (transl. Coconut leaflet) is a 1975 Indian Tamil-language drama film written by Kovi Manisekaran in his directorial debut. It is based on his novel of the same name, and was simultaneously shot in Kannada as Nireekshe (pronunciationⓘ transl. Expectation). The film stars Sujatha, Vijayakumar and Kalpana. Manjula and Srinath replace Sujatha and Vijayakumar, respectively, in the Kannada version. Thennangkeetru was released on 4 July 1975, and Nireekshe on 14 August the same year.

Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)
Panchaksharam Rangasamy Pillai (born 29 August 1943), known professionally as Vijayakumar, is an Indian actor who works in Tamil cinema. He started his film career in the Tamil film Sri Valli (1961) as a child actor and started playing a lead role from the movie Aval Oru Thodar Kathai (1974) then he worked in Madhura Geetham (1977) and Azhage Unnai Aarathikkiren (1979). He has also acted in Telugu and Malayalam movies. He also worked in television serials like Thangam, Vamsam,  Talambralu, Nandini and Rasaathi. His son is actor Arun Vijay.
Doroteo Vasconcelos
Doroteo Vasconcelos Valle (6 February 1803 – 10 March 1883) was a Salvadoran politician who served as President of El Salvador for two non-consecutive terms between 1848 and 1851. Vasconcelos was close friend of Honduran general Francisco Morazán. He tried to invade Guatemala and defeat general Rafael Carrera on 2 February 1851 but he was defeated. After defeat, he retired from public life.

Huehuetenango
Huehuetenango ([weweteˈnaŋɡo]) is a city and municipality in the highlands of western Guatemala. It is also the capital of the department of Huehuetenango. The city is situated 269 kilometres (167 mi) from Guatemala City, and is the last departmental capital on the Pan-American Highway before the Mexican border at La Mesilla. Its primary export is coffee.
Kagoshima City Museum of Art
Kagoshima City Museum of Art (鹿児島市立美術館, Kagoshima shiritsu bijutsukan) opened within the Ninomaru (secondary enclosure) of Tsurumaru Castle in Kagoshima, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, in 1985. The collection includes works by local artists Kuroda Seiki, Fujishima Takeji, and Wada Eisaku, as well as Western painters Claude Monet and Paul Cézanne.

Fujishima Takeji
Fujishima Takeji (藤島 武二; October 15, 1867 – March 19, 1943) was a Japanese painter, noted for his work in developing Romanticism and impressionism within the yōga (Western-style) art movement in late 19th- and early 20th-century Japanese painting. In his later years, he was influenced by the Art Nouveau movement.
Royal Cemetery at Ur
The Royal Cemetery at Ur is an archaeological site in modern-day Dhi Qar Governorate in southern Iraq. The initial excavations at Ur took place between 1922 and 1934 under the direction of Leonard Woolley in association with the British Museum and the University of Pennsylvania  Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.

Many finds are now in museums, especially the Iraq Museum, Baghdad and the British Museum.

Dhi Qar Governorate
Dhi Qar Governorate (Arabic: محافظة ذي قار, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Ḏī Qār, Arabic: [muħaːfaðˤat ðiː qaːr]) is a governorate in southern Iraq, in the Arabian Peninsula. The provincial capital is Nasiriyah. Prior to 1976 the governorate was known as Muntafiq Governorate. Dhi Qar was the heartland of the ancient Iraqi civilization of Sumer, and includes the ruins of Ur, Eridu, Lagash, Larsa, Girsu, Umma, and Bad-tibira. The southern area of the governorate is covered by Mesopotamian Marshes. The governorate also includes the recently established Ur Tourist City, a modern heritage and tourism hub located beside the archaeological site of ancient Ur.
Looking Down Yosemite Valley, California
Looking Down the Yosemite Valley, California is an 1865 painting by the German-American painter Albert Bierstadt (1830–1902).

It was Bierstadt's first large-scale Yosemite picture, a subject for which he would become well known. It presents a view of one of America's most scenic spots. Based on sketches made during a visit in 1863, Bierstadt paints the valley from a vantage point just above the Merced River, looking due west with the prospect framed by El Capitan on the right, and Sentinel Rock on the left; the spire of Middle Cathedral Rock is visible in the distance.

Sentinel Rock
Sentinel Rock is a granitic peak in Yosemite National Park, California, United States. It towers over Yosemite Valley, opposite Yosemite Falls. Sentinel Rock lies 0.7 miles (1.1 km) northwest of Sentinel Dome.
Sengwarden
The village of Sengwarden lies north of Wilhelmshaven, Germany. The place was documented for the first time in 1168, was the site of a post World War II British sector displaced person camp, and since 1972 has been administratively attached to the city Wilhelmshaven. Previously, the municipality belonged to the district Friesland. Sengwarden borders on the Wilhelmshaven suburbs Fedderwarden and Voslapp as well as the Friesland districts of Sillenstede and Hooksiel. Two objects of interest shape the local picture, a mill and the Saint George Church which overlooks on a high bluff. The place is well known for its annual Wilhelmshaven outdoor horse market since 1618. The agriculturally oriented Sengwarden has approximately 1,333 inhabitants.

53°36′N 8°03′E﻿ / ﻿53.600°N 8.050°E﻿ / 53.600; 8.050

Friesland (district)
Friesland is a district (Landkreis) in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the southeast and clockwise) the districts of Wesermarsch, Ammerland, Leer and Wittmund, and by the North Sea. The city of Wilhelmshaven is enclosed by—but not part of—the district.
Rinkenkopf
The Rinkenkopf is a mountain, 760 m high, on the territory of Baiersbronn in the Northern Black Forest. The wooded mountain ridge is bounded in the south by the Murg valley and in the northeast by the valley of the Tonbach. To the northwest a roughly 50-metre-deep saddle  (the Sattelei) separates it from the foothills of the Grindenschwarzwald.

On the mountain are the Rinkenwall (Rinkenmauer), Rinken Tower (Rinkenturm) and two transmission towers. Several hiking trails lead there, including the Murgleiter and der Genießerpfad to the Sattelei Hut.

Saddle (landform)
The saddle between two hills or mountains is the region surrounding the saddle point, the lowest point on the line tracing the drainage divide (the col) connecting the peaks. When, and if, the saddle is navigable, even if only on foot, the saddle of a (optimal) pass between the two massifs, is the area generally found around the lowest route on which one could pass between the two summits, which includes that point which is a mathematically when graphed a relative high along one axis, and a relative low in the perpendicular axis, simultaneously; that point being by definition the col of the saddle.
Skordalia
Skordalia (alternatively skordhalia or skorthalia) (Greek: σκορδαλιά [skorðaˈʎa], also called αλιάδα, aliada/aliatha) is a thick purée in Greek cuisine, made of garlic in a base of potatoes, walnuts, almonds or liquid-soaked stale bread mixed with olive oil in to make a smooth emulsion, to which some vinegar is added. It is usually made in a mortar and pestle. Skordalia is served as a garnish or side dish. It is mainly served with batter-fried cod, especially during Lent and on the Greek national holiday of March 25th. In the Anglosphere, it is promoted as a dip.

Walnut
A walnut is the edible seed of any tree of the genus Juglans (family Juglandaceae), particularly the Persian or English walnut, Juglans regia. They are accessory fruit because the outer covering of the fruit is technically an involucre and thus not morphologically part of the carpel; this means it cannot be a drupe but is instead a drupe-like nut.

After full ripening, the shell is discarded, and the kernel is eaten. Nuts of the eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra) and butternuts (Juglans cinerea) are less commonly consumed.
Nsumbu Mazuwa
Mazowa Nsumbu (born 24 September 1982) is a Congolese former professional footballer who played as a central midfielder.

Mazowa started his career in Congolese club Tula-Mpaka and later moved to play in AS Vita Club in Congo. He then tried his luck in Belgium, but was not signed by any club and moved to Israel to play for Hapoel Haifa with his friend from Vita Club, Jeff Tutuana. After two years in Hapoel Haifa he moved to Beitar Jerusalem FC with Jeff Tutuana and became one of the notable players of 2006. He played for Hapoel Tel Aviv after moving from Maccabi Natanya and after a season in Tel Aviv he moved to Bnei Sakhnin but in January 2009 he moved to Kocaelispor of the Turkey's Süper Lig and in July he moved to Istanbul B.B.

Bnei Sakhnin F.C.
Bnei Sakhnin F.C. (Arabic: اتحاد أبناء سخنين, romanized: Ittiḥād ’Abnā’ Saḫnīn, Hebrew: איחוד בני סכנין, romanized: Iḥud Bnei Sakhnin, lit. 'Sons of Sakhnin United') is an Israeli professional football club based at the Doha Stadium in Sakhnin. They are the most successful club among the Arab-Israeli clubs in the country, having won the State Cup in 2004.
Silent witness rule
The silent witness rule is the use of "substitutions" when referring to sensitive information in the United States open courtroom jury trial system. An example of a substitution method is the use of code-words on a "key card", to which witnesses and the jury would refer during the trial, but which the public would not have access to. The rule is an evidentiary doctrine that tries to balance the state secrets privilege with the bill of rights (especially the right of the accused to a public trial, and the right to due process). In practice the rule has been rarely used and was often challenged by judges and civil rights advocates. Its use remains controversial.

Bill of rights
A bill of rights, sometimes called a declaration of rights or a charter of rights, is a list of the most important rights to the citizens of a country.  The purpose is to protect those rights against infringement from public officials and private citizens.

Bills of rights may be entrenched or unentrenched. An entrenched bill of rights cannot be amended or repealed by a country's legislature through regular procedure, instead requiring a supermajority or referendum; often it is part of a country's constitution, and therefore subject to special procedures applicable to constitutional amendments.
Richard Hoad
Richard Anthony Hoad (24 October 1930 – 21 August 2019) was a Barbadian sailor, who represented his country at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain as helmsman in the Soling. With crew members David Staples and Jason Teller they took the 22nd place. Hoad died on 21 August 2019, at the age of 88.

Sailing at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Soling
The Soling Competition at the 1992 Summer Olympics was held from 27 July to 4 August 1992 in Barcelona, Spain. The competition was for the first time in a combined format. First the competitors had to sail a series of six fleet races. Points were awarded for placement in each race. The best five out of six race scores counted for placement in the match race series. After the fleetraces the top 6 placed boats sailed a round-robin series of match races. After the round-robin the best four proceeded to the semi-finals. Here the boat placed 1st met the boat placed 4th and the boat placed 2nd met the boat placed 3rd in a best out of three series of match races. Finally the winners of the semi-finals met in the final best out of three match races. The losers of the semi-finals also met in a best out of three series of matches for the bronze medal.