hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bile salt hydrolase
Bile salt hydrolases (BSH) are microbial enzymes that deconjugate primary bile acids. They catalyze the first step of bile acid metabolism and maintain the bile acid pool for further modification by the microbiota. BSH enzymes play a role in a range of host and microbe functions including host physiology, immunity, and protection from pathogens.

Bile acid
Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals and other vertebrates. Diverse bile acids are synthesized in the liver in peroxisomes. Bile acids are conjugated with taurine or glycine residues to give anions called bile salts.

Primary bile acids are those synthesized by the liver. Secondary bile acids result from bacterial actions in the colon. In humans, taurocholic acid and glycocholic acid (derivatives of cholic acid) and taurochenodeoxycholic acid and glycochenodeoxycholic acid (derivatives of chenodeoxycholic acid) are the major bile salts. The salts of their 7-alpha-dehydroxylated derivatives, deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid, are also found, with derivatives of cholic, chenodeoxycholic and deoxycholic acids accounting for over 90% of human biliary bile acids.
Buffy the Vampire Slayer (film)
Buffy the Vampire Slayer is a 1992 American comedy horror vampire film directed by Fran Rubel Kuzui and written by Joss Whedon. It stars Kristy Swanson as the eponymous Buffy Summers, a Valley Girl cheerleader who learns it is her fate to hunt vampires. Donald Sutherland, Paul Reubens, Rutger Hauer and Luke Perry appear in supporting roles, this is also the film debut of Hilary Swank.

The film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $16.6 million on a $7 million budget. It also took a different direction from what Whedon intended, leading him to create a television series of the same name with his original plan to critical acclaim.

Valley girl
A Valley girl is the stereotype of a materialistic upper-middle-class young woman, associated with unique vocal and California dialect features, from the Los Angeles commuter communities of the San Fernando Valley. A youth subcultural identity and stock character in American popular media, it originated in and is most associated with the 1980s and 1990s. In subsequent years, the term became more broadly applied to any young American woman who epitomized frivolity, ditziness, airheadedness, or who prioritizes superficial concerns such as personal appearance, physical attractiveness, and conspicuous consumption over intellectual or more meaningful accomplishments.
Paradis, Bergen
Paradis is a neighborhood in the city of Bergen in Vestland county, Norway.  It is located between the neighborhoods of Storetveit in the bourough of Årstad and Hop in the borough of Fana, on the eastern shore of the lake Nordåsvannet. The name, which literally means "paradise" in Norwegian, is shared with several other locations in Norway and denotes a location with positive qualities not present in the surrounding areas. Paradis is dominated by single-family detached homes, and is the location of some of the most expensive homes in the city.

Årstad, Bergen
Årstad is a borough in the city of Bergen in Vestland county, Norway.  Historically, the area was part of Aarstad Municipality until 1916, when it was merged into Bergen Municipality. The borough has similar (but not the same) boundaries to those of the old municipality.

The borough is located south of the city centre, and has a population of around 39,906 as of 1 January 2014. Årstad is home to Bergen's hospital, Haukeland University Hospital, as well as Norway's second largest vocational high school, Årstad videregående skole (the largest being Sandefjord videregående skole), and Brann Stadion, the stadium of the city's largest association football team, Brann.
Zvolen District
Zvolen District (okres Zvolen) is a district in
the Banská Bystrica Region of central Slovakia. Until 1918, most of the present-day district belonged to the Zvolen county, apart from Lešť in the south-west which was part of the county of Gemer a Malohont.

Banská Bystrica Region
The Banská Bystrica Region (Slovak: Banskobystrický kraj, pronounced [ˈbanskɔbistritskiː ˈkraj]; Hungarian: Besztercebányai kerület, pronounced [ˈbɛstɛrt͡sɛbaːɲɒi ˈkɛrylɛt]) is one of the eight regions of Slovakia. It is the largest of the eight regions by area, and has a lower population density than any other region. The Banská Bystrica Region was established in 1923; its borders were last adjusted in 1996. Banská Bystrica consists of 514 municipalities, 24 of which have town status. Its administrative center is the eponymous town of Banská Bystrica, which is also the region's largest town. Other important towns are Zvolen and Lučenec.
Rhinella sclerocephala
Rhinella sclerocephala is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Sierra de San Luis in the Falcón state, Venezuela.
Its natural habitats are cloud forests at elevations of 1,150–1,500 m (3,770–4,920 ft) asl. Its habitat is under strong pressure from agriculture and livestock farming, even within the Juan Crisóstomo Falcón National Park.

Sierra de Falcón
The Sierra de Falcón consists of a series of mountains located in Venezuela's Falcón State of relatively low altitude, mostly formed by the Sierra de San Luis and the Sierra de Churuguara. They have an east–west orientation and are part of the Coriano System. The Sierra de San Luis has been made into a National Park - the Juan Crisóstomo Falcón National Park.
Al-Ziya
Al-Ziya (Arabic: الضياء) was the first monthly Arabic magazine published by Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama in May 1932 under the editorship of Masood Alam Nadwi, with advisorship from Sulaiman Nadvi and Taqi al-Din al-Hilali, and with Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi as part of the editorial team. It was printed using lithography and released mid-month according to the Islamic calendar, focusing on literary, educational, and social topics. Despite being the only Arabic magazine in India at the time and receiving widespread acclaim for developing intellectual discourse in Arab and Islamic circles, it ceased publication after four years due to financial constraints. Its legacy, however, influenced the emergence of other Arabic magazines, with Al-Baas El-Islami regarded as its successor.

Taqi al-Din al-Hilali
Muhammad Taqi ad-Din bin Abdil-Qadir al-Hilali (Arabic: محمد تقي الدين الهلالي, romanized: Muḥammad Taqī al-Dīn al-Hilālī; 1893 – June 22, 1987) was a 20th-century Moroccan Salafi, most notable for his English translations of Sahih Bukhari and, along with Muhammad Muhsin Khan, the Qur'an, entitled The Noble Qur'an.
Stein's method
Stein's method is a general method in probability theory to obtain bounds on the distance between two probability distributions with respect to a probability metric. It was introduced by Charles Stein, who first published it in 1972, to obtain a bound between the distribution of a sum of -dependent sequence of random variables and a standard normal distribution in the Kolmogorov (uniform) metric and hence to prove not only a central limit theorem, but also bounds on the rates of convergence for the given metric.

Limit of a sequence
In mathematics, the limit of a sequence is the value that the terms of a sequence "tend to", and is often denoted using the  symbol (e.g., ). If such a limit exists and is finite, the sequence is called convergent. A sequence that does not converge is said to be divergent. The limit of a sequence is said to be the fundamental notion on which the whole of mathematical analysis ultimately rests.

Limits can be defined in any metric or topological space, but are usually first encountered in the real numbers.
Otto Fuhrmann
Otto Fuhrmann (1 April 1871 in Basel – 27 January 1945) was a Swiss parasitologist who specialized in the field of helminthology.

He studied at the University of Basel as a pupil of Ludwig Ruetimeyer and Friedrich Zschokke. He then continued his education at Geneva, where he was persuaded by zoologist Carl Vogt to focus his studies on parasitic flatworms. In 1894 he received his doctorate with the thesis "Die Turbellarien der Umgebung von Basel", and following a stint as an assistant at the University of Geneva, he relocated to the University of Neuchâtel, where from 1895 to 1941 he taught classes in comparative anatomy and zoology.

He is credited with introducing a new classification schema for Cyclophyllidea (order of tapeworms), in which the order was divided into ten families with eight subfamilies — of its 66 total genera, 20 were new to science. The frog Cryptobatrachus fuhrmanni (Fuhrmann's backpack frog) was named in his honor by Mario Giacinto Peracca.

University of Neuchâtel
The University of Neuchâtel (UniNE) is a French-speaking public research university in Neuchâtel, Switzerland. The university has four faculties (schools) and more than a dozen institutes, including arts and human sciences, natural sciences, law and economics. The Faculty of Arts and Human Sciences, with 2,000 students, is the largest school of those that comprise the University of Neuchâtel.

The university has an annual budget of CHF 144 million and an annual research fund of CHF 40 million. Approximately 4,000 students, including 600 PhD students attend the university, and more than 600 diplomas, licences, doctorates and certificates are awarded each year. The university has more than 1,100 employees.
Aplococeratidae
Aplococeratidae is a family of ceratitids from the Middle Triassic with very simplified sutures and a tendency to lose their ornamentation. Shells are generally evolute, more or less compressed, with rounded venters. Ornamentation if present consists of umbilical ribs that disappear outwardly, toward the venter. The suture is ceratitic or goniatitic.

Arkell et al. (1957), in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part L included the Aplococeraitdae in the Ceratitaceae, whereas E. T. Tozer in 1981 includes them in the Danubitaceae, established by Spath, also in 1951.

Genera included in the Aplococeratidae are Aplococeras (type), Apleuroceras, Epiceratites, Laboceras, Metadinarites, Pseudaplococeras, and Velebites.

Middle Triassic
In the geologic timescale, the Middle Triassic is the second of three epochs of the Triassic period or the middle of three series in which the Triassic system is divided in chronostratigraphy. The Middle Triassic spans the time between 246.7 Ma and 237 Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Early Triassic Epoch and followed by the Late Triassic Epoch. The Middle Triassic is divided into the Anisian and Ladinian ages or stages.

Formerly the middle series in the Triassic was also known as Muschelkalk. This name is now only used for a specific unit of rock strata with approximately Middle Triassic age, found in western Europe. The Ashfield Shale and Bringelly Shale of western Sydney date to this epoch, with the former featuring fluvial fossils from that era.
James T. Prokopanko
James T. Prokopanko is the former president and Chief Executive Officer of The Mosaic Company and has served in that capacity from January 1, 2007 to August, 2015. He was a director of the company since October 2004.

Prokopanko began his career at Mosaic in July 2006 as the executive vice president and Chief Operating Officer and he continued to serve in those positions until his appointment as president and CEO. Prior to working at Mosaic, he was employed at Cargill as corporate vice president from 2004 to 2006 and leader of Cargill's Ag Producer Services Platform from 1999 to 2006. He held many leadership positions at Cargill, such as the vice president of the North American crop inputs business in 1995.

Prokopanko serves on the board of directors for Mosaic, Canpotex, the Carlson School of Management at the University of Minnesota, The Fertilizer Institute and the International Plant Nutrition Institute.

Carlson School of Management
The Curtis L. Carlson School of Management is the business school of the University of Minnesota, a public research university in the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota. Minnesota Carlson offers undergraduate and graduate degrees as well as an executive education program. It also offers dual degrees with the colleges and schools of public affairs, law, medicine, and public health.
Ivanovka, Zeysky District, Amur Oblast
Ivanovka (Russian: Ивановка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Ivanovsky Selsoviet of Zeysky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 297 as of 2018. There are 12 streets.

Zeysky District
Zeysky District (Russian: Зе́йский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty in Amur Oblast, Russia. The area of the district is 87,486 square kilometers (33,779 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Zeya (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 16,847 (2010 Census); 20,827 (2002 Census); 42,298 (1989 Soviet census).
N-521 road (Spain)
The N-521 is a Highway in western Spain. It runs from the Portugal border to the Autovía A-5.

It starts at the border in the Sierra de São Mamede overlooked by the castle and hill top village of Marvão where it becomes the N-246 and then IP-2 to Lisbon.

The first town in Spain is Valencia de Alcántara, after which it crosses the Alburrel River then the wooded Sierra Brava and Sierra de San Pedro. It then follows the Salor River to Cáceres and a junction with the N-630 which is overlooked by La Virgen de la Montaña. The road then crosses the plain to Trujillo with the Tamuja River. At Trujillo the road meets the Autovía A-5, junction 253 km.

Autovía A-66
The Autovía A-66 is a major highway in western Spain, part of the European route E803.  The road is an upgrade of the N-630 which was undertaken section by section.  The route roughly corresponds to the ancient Roman 'Silver Route' connecting the cities of Mérida and Astorga.
Réver
Réver Humberto Alves de Araújo (born 4 January 1985), simply known as Réver, is a Brazilian former professional footballer. Mainly a centre-back, he could also play as a defensive midfielder. He has won the Bola de Prata and Prêmio Craque do Brasileirão twice each.

Campeonato Carioca
The Campeonato Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (English: Rio de Janeiro State Championship), most known as Campeonato Carioca and commonly as the Cariocão, is the top-flight professional state football league in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. It is run by the Rio de Janeiro State Football Federation (FERJ).

The first season of the Campeonato Carioca was played in 1906. Rivalries amongst four of the most prestigious Brazilian teams (Botafogo, Flamengo, Fluminense and Vasco da Gama) have marked the history of the competition. Flamengo leads the title count with 39, followed by Fluminense (33), Vasco da Gama (24), Botafogo (21), America (7), Bangu (2), São Cristóvão and Paissandu (1 each).
Harry Hickey
Henry Robert Hickey (19 July 1917 – 14 September 1999) was an Australian rules footballer who played with the Footscray Bulldogs in the Victorian Football League. He began his career as a rover and half forward flanker before he moved into the centre during the 1939 season. He would go on to win their best and fairest 3 times, including one in his final season.

Hickey famously kicked a behind after the final bell in Footscray's match against Carlton in the final round of the 1944 VFL season, which saw Footscray win the game by one point, and replace Carlton for the last place in that season's final four.

Hickey also played representative football for Victoria.

After retiring from the VFL, he was captain-coach of Rochester in the Bendigo Football League for four years and won the 1949 Bendigo Football League RSL best and fairest award. Hickey was still playing very good football at Rochester in 1955.

Hickey was named on the wing in Footscray's Team of the Century.

Bendigo Football Netball League
The Bendigo Football Netball League (previously known as the Bendigo and District Football Association, Bendigo Football Association and Bendigo Football League) is an Australian rules football and netball competition based in the Bendigo region of Victoria.
Bon Accord railway station
Bon Accord railway station was a railway station on the Main Southern line, serving the locality of Bon Accord in Uranquinty, New South Wales, Australia. The station opened on 13 January 1891 and closed in September 1962. No trace remains of it today.

Uranquinty
Uranquinty is a small town approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of Wagga Wagga, in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. The population of the town, often referred to as "Quinty", is 909.

Uranquinty was used as the railway village when the railway line was being built from Wagga Wagga to Albury. The founders of the town, Nathan Fleckton and Lauren Fleckton, chose this place as it reminded them of their home farm near the south of England, specifically stating in his personal diary "thy hath land like my motherland, trees of my sky and yet you stand here".

Uranquinty is the home of one of Australia's oldest folk festivals held annually on the October long weekend.
Tanourdi
Tanourdi is a commune in Midelt Province of the Drâa-Tafilalet administrative region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 2777 people living in 416 households.

Drâa-Tafilalet
Drâa-Tafilalet (Arabic: درعة - تافيلالت, romanized: darʿa - tāfīlālt) is one of the twelve regions of Morocco. It covers an area of 88,836 km2 and had a population of 1,635,008 as of the 2014 Moroccan census. The capital of the region is Errachidia.
Helen Hays
Helen Hays (January 22, 1931 – February 5, 2025) was an American ornithologist and conservationist. Hays lived on Great Gull Island for six months of each year for almost a half-century as chair of the Great Gull Island committee at the American Museum of Natural History. By 2014, this work saw the island's tern population increase tenfold compared to the level of 1969.

Conservation biology
Conservation biology is the study of the conservation of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management.

The conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology.
Castell-Rüdenhausen
Castell-Rüdenhausen was a county of the Holy Roman Empire in the region of Franconia in northern Bavaria. It was created in 1597 as a partition of Castell and was ruled by a branch of the Counts of Castell. In 1806, it was mediatised to Bavaria.

On 7 March 1901, both branches of the family were raised to the hereditary rank of prince in primogeniture with the style of Serene Highness by Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria. A morganatic branch of this princely house is the comital Faber-Castell family.

Morganatic marriage
Morganatic marriage, sometimes called a left-handed marriage, is a marriage between people of unequal social rank, which in the context of royalty or other inherited title prevents the principal's position or privileges being passed to the spouse or to any children born of the marriage. The concept is most prevalent in German-speaking territories and countries most influenced by the customs of the German-speaking realms.

Generally, this is a marriage between a man of high birth (such as from a reigning, deposed or mediatised dynasty) and a woman of lesser status (such as a daughter of a low-ranked noble family or a commoner). Usually, neither the bride nor any children of the marriage has a claim on the husband's succession rights, titles, precedence, or entailed property. The children are considered legitimate for all other purposes and the prohibition against bigamy applies. In some countries, a woman could also marry a man of lower rank morganatically.
David Christensen (philosopher)
David Christensen is an American philosopher and professor of philosophy at Brown University. His main interest is epistemology, in which he is a leading proponent of conciliationism. He has also made important contributions in confirmation theory, epistemic justification and evidence, theories of rationality, and the role of logic for a theory of rationality. Christensen's professional accolades include the 2017-2018 Sanders Lecture and the 2021 Ernest Sosa Prize Lecture, both awarded by the American Philosophical Association for his distinguished contributions to epistemology. He is an editor of Mind (journal).

American Philosophical Association
The American Philosophical Association (APA) is the main professional organization for philosophers in the United States.  Founded in 1900, its mission is to promote the exchange of ideas among philosophers, to encourage creative and scholarly activity in philosophy, to facilitate the professional work and teaching of philosophers, and to represent philosophy as a discipline. The APA's governance has included Robert Audi, Jaegwon Kim and Ruth Barcan Marcus.
Presidente Epitácio
Presidente Epitácio is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The town is named after Epitácio Pessoa. The population is 44,389 (2020 est.) in an area of 1260 km2. The elevation is 310 m. It is situated on the Paraná River, which forms the border with Mato Grosso do Sul here.

Paraná River
The Paraná River (Portuguese: Rio Paraná [ˈʁi.u paɾaˈna] ⓘ; Spanish: Río Paraná [ˈri.o paɾaˈna] ⓘ; Guarani: Ysyry Parana) is a river in south-central South America, running through Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina for some 4,880 kilometres (3,030 mi). Among South American rivers, it is second in length only to the Amazon River. It merges with the Paraguay River and then farther downstream with the Uruguay River to form the Río de la Plata and empties into the Atlantic Ocean.

The first European to go up the Paraná River was the Venetian explorer Sebastian Cabot, in 1526, while working for Spain.

A drought hit the river in 2021, causing a 77-year low.
Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary
The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, also known as Hours of the Virgin, is a liturgical devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary, in imitation of, and usually in addition to, the Divine Office in the Catholic Church.   It is a cycle of psalms, hymns, scripture and other readings.

All of the daily variation occurs in Matins. The text of the other offices remains the same from day to day in the Roman Rite and most other rites and uses. In the Roman Rite there are seasonal variations in Advent and Christmastide. The Gospel antiphons also change in Eastertide, although there are no other changes during that season.  The Little Office was a core text of the medieval and early Reformation primers, a type of lay devotional.

Sacrosanctum Concilium
Sacrosanctum Concilium, the Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, is one of the constitutions of the Second Vatican Council. It was approved by the assembled bishops by a vote of 2,147 to 4 and promulgated by Pope Paul VI on 4 December 1963. The main aim was to revise the traditional liturgical texts and rituals to reflect more fully fundamental principles, and be more pastorally effective in the changed conditions of the times, clarifying the role of ordained ministers and the forms of appropriate participation of lay faithful in the Catholic Church's liturgy, especially that of the Roman Rite. The title is taken from the opening lines of the document and means "This Sacred Council".