hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Royal Academy of Turku
The Royal Academy of Turku or the Royal Academy of Åbo was the first university in Finland, and the only Finnish university that was founded when the country still was a part of Sweden. It was founded in 1640. In 1809, after Finland became a grand duchy within the Russian Empire, it was renamed the Imperial Academy of Turku. In 1828, after the Great Fire of Turku, the institution was moved to Helsinki, in line with the relocation of the capital of the grand duchy. It was finally renamed the University of Helsinki when Finland declared independence in 1917.

Finnish Declaration of Independence
The Finnish Declaration of Independence (Finnish: Suomen itsenäisyysjulistus; Swedish: Finlands självständighetsförklaring) was adopted by the Parliament of Finland on 6 December 1917. It declared Finland to be  independent from Russia, with reference to a bill simultaneously delivered to the Parliament to make Finland an independent republic instead.

Declaring independence was only part of the long process leading to the independence of Finland. The declaration is celebrated as Independence Day in Finland.
Chruszczyna Wielka
Chruszczyna Wielka [xruʂˈt͡ʂɨna ˈvjɛlka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kazimierza Wielka, within Kazimierza County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies about 5 km (3 mi) south of Kazimierza Wielka and 73 km (45 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

Kazimierza County
Kazimierza County (Polish: powiat kazimierski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Kazimierza Wielka, which lies 69 kilometres (43 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce. The only other town in the county is Skalbmierz, lying 9 km (6 mi) north-west of Kazimierza Wielka.

The county covers an area of 422.48 square kilometres (163.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 33,408, out of which the population of Kazimierza Wielka is 5,550, that of Skalbmierz is 1,285, and the rural population is 26,573.
Debra Armstrong
Deborah Sue Armstrong (née Edwards; born November 9, 1954, in Taylor, Texas) is an American former sprinter. Armstrong competed in the 400 metres (heats) of the 1972 Summer Olympics and the 200 metres (semi-final) and the 4 × 100 metres relay (seventh place) of the 1976 Summer Olympics.

In 1975 she was US champion in the 200 metres.

She is married to Trinidad and Tobago sprinter Ainsley Armstrong. Their son Aaron Armstrong competes for Trinidad and Tobago, winning a gold medal in the 2008 Olympics.

USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The USA Track & Field Outdoor Championships is an annual track and field competition organized by USA Track & Field, which serves as the American national championships for the sport. Since the year 1992, in the years which feature a Summer Olympics, World Athletics Championships, Pan American Games, NACAC Championships, or an IAAF Continental Cup, the championships serve as a way of selecting the best athletes for those competitions.
Holmsen
Holmsen is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andreas Holmsen (1906–1989), Norwegian historian

Bjørn Holmsen (born 1948), Norwegian entrepreneur

Borghild Holmsen (1865–1938), Norwegian pianist, music critic and composer

Eivind Holmsen (1894–1990), Norwegian professional sports shooter

Hanna Resvoll-Holmsen (1873–1943), Norwegian botanist

Øivind Holmsen (1912–1996), Norwegian international footballer

Sverre Holmsen (1906–1992), Swedish author

Andreas Holmsen
Andreas Holmsen (5 June 1906 – 20 February 1989) was a Norwegian historian, author, and educator. He is most commonly associated with his textbook Norges historie fra de eldste tider til 1660 (Norwegian History from the Oldest Times to 1660), which is a standard introduction to early Norwegian history.
Illalong
Illalong is a rural locality just off the Burley Griffin Way in south New South Wales.

Illalong is in Yass Valley Council located at 34°41′54″S 148°45′04″ E, and  5.3 km away from the village of Binalong.
and  80 km from Canberra. Illalong, is outside of Yass, New South Wales, just off the Hume Highway and the Sydney to Melbourne Railway Line.

Illalong is also a Parish cadastral parish of Harden County New South Wales. The  parish of Illalong is between Binalong, New South Wales and Bowning, New South Wales

Illalong Creek near Binalong is also a railway station on the Main Southern railway line, New South Wales, and is at an altitude of about 448m above sea level.

Burley Griffin Way
Burley Griffin Way is a New South Wales state route, is located in south eastern Australia. Named after the American architect Walter Burley Griffin, designer of the cities of Canberra and Griffith, the road links these two cities via Yass and Barton Highway.
Zenzo Ngqobe
Zenzo Ngqobe is a South African actor.  He is known for portraying Butcher in Gavin Hood's 2005 Oscar-winning film Tsotsi.  He is also known for portraying Atang in the 2013 film The Forgotten Kingdom.  For his work in the television series The River, Ngqobe was nominated for the 2019 SAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Telenovela.

Gavin Hood
Gavin Hood (born 12 May 1963) is a South African filmmaker, and actor, best known for writing and directing Tsotsi (2005), which won the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film. He also directed the films X-Men Origins: Wolverine, Ender's Game, Eye in the Sky and Official Secrets.
Electricidad de Caracas
Electricidad de Caracas (BVC: EDC) is the integrated electricity company for Caracas, Venezuela and surrounding areas, with more than 1 million connections. It was acquired by AES Corporation in 2000 and sold to the state-owned oil company PDVSA in 2007, which now owns 93.62%. Paul Hanrahan, president and CEO of AES said the deal had been a fair process that respected the rights of investors. Since 2007 and the nationalization of the electricity generation and transportation, it has been incorporated into Corpoelec.

For that year the president of Electricity of Caracas was Eng. Javier Alvarado Ochoa who would become vice minister to the Ministry of Popular Power for Electric Energy by presidential decree No. 7,241  on February 12, 2010 this would serve as a link with other public officials who would be implicated in the contracts of Derwick Associates without adequate experience and accused of receiving bribes.

AES Corporation
The AES Corporation is an American utility and power generation company. It owns and operates power plants, which it uses to generate and sell electricity to end users and intermediaries like utilities and industrial facilities. AES, headquartered in Arlington, Virginia, is one of the world's leading power companies, generating and distributing electric power in 15 countries and employing 10,500 people worldwide. AES Corporation is a global Fortune 500 power company. AES Ranks in the Top Ten of Fast Company's 2022 Best Workplaces for Innovators.
Bode George
Olabode Ibiyinka George Listenⓘ ("Bode George") (born 21 November 1945) is a Nigerian politician who became Military Governor of Ondo State, and later Chairman of the Nigerian Ports Authority, then national vice-chairman in the southwest zone of the People’s Democratic Party (PDP).

Alliance for Democracy (Nigeria)
The Alliance for Democracy(AD) is a progressive opposition political party in Nigeria.  It was formed on 9 September 1998.  At the 2003 legislative elections, the party won 8.8% of the popular vote and 34 out of 360 seats in the Nigerian House of Representatives and 18 out of 109 seats in the Nigerian Senate.  The party was reportedly formed to shore up the stake of the Yoruba people in the Nigerian federation following the annulment of the June 12, 1993 presidential election widely believed to have been won by Chief M. K. O. Abiola, a Yoruba businessman and tycoon.

In 2007, Chief Dr. Christopher Ajuwa, from the Niger Delta region, ran for President of Nigeria under the AD.

The party was embroiled in a leadership tussle between Mojisola Akinfenwa and Adebisi Akande, which lingered until September 2006 when the 'Bisi Akande faction merged with other opposition parties to form the Action Congress party.
1938 Australian Championships
The 1938 Australian Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor Grass courts at the Memorial Drive, Adelaide, Australia from 21 January to 31 January. It was the 31st edition of the Australian Championships (now known as the Australian Open), the 7th held in Adelaide, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. The singles titles were won by Americans Don Budge and Dorothy Bundy Cheney.

Nancye Wynne Bolton
Nancye Wynne Bolton (née Wynne; 2 December 1916 – 9 November 2001) was an Australian tennis player.  She won the women's singles title six times at the Australian Championships, third only to Margaret Court's and Serena Williams' 11 and 7 titles respectively. Bolton won 20 titles at the Australian Championships, second only to Court's 23 titles.

According to Wallis Myers and John Orloff of The Daily Telegraph and the Daily Mail, Bolton was ranked in the world top ten in 1938, 1947, and 1948 (no rankings issued from 1940 through 1945), reaching a career high of World No. 4 in those rankings in 1947 and 1948. According to Ned Potter of American Lawn Tennis magazine, Bolton was the second ranked player in 1947, behind Louise Brough.

She married George Bolton on 6 July 1940. He was a RAAF pilot and was killed in May 1942 during a raid on Germany.

Bolton was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2004.
Gschütt Pass
Gschütt Pass (elevation 957 metres [3,140 ft]) is a high mountain pass in the Austrian Alps between the Bundesländer of Salzburg and Upper Austria.

It connects Rußbach in the state of Salzburg with Gosau in Upper Austria. The pass is traversed by the Federal Highway B166.

States of Austria
Austria is a federal republic consisting of nine states. The European Commission calls them provinces. Austrian states can pass laws that stay within the limits of the constitution, and each state has representatives in the Austrian federal parliament.
Anabasis brevifolia
Anabasis brevifolia, also known as short-leaf anabasis, (Chinese: 短叶假木贼) is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae. It is found from the southern West Siberian Plain, across Central Asia to northern China. Together with wormwood, Anabasis brevifolia is an important forage plant in areas of Mongolia and the Kazakh steppe.

West Siberian Plain
The West Siberian Plain (Russian: Западно-Сибирская равнина, romanized: Zapadno-Sibirskaya ravnina) is a large plain that occupies the western portion of Siberia, between the Ural Mountains in the west and the Yenisei River in the east, and the Altai Mountains on the southeast. Much of the plain is poorly drained and consists of some of the world's largest swamps and floodplains. Important cities include Chelyabinsk, Novosibirsk, Omsk, and Tomsk, as well as Surgut and Nizhnevartovsk.

Winters on the West Siberian Plain are harsh and long. The climate of most of the plain areas is either subarctic or continental. The plain had large petroleum and natural gas reserves. Most of Russia's oil and gas production was extracted from this area during the 1970s and 80s.
Kafatos
Kafatos  (Greek: Καφάτος) is a Greek surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dimitrios Kafatos (born 1976), Greek handball player

Fotis Kafatos (1940–2017), Greek biologist

Menas Kafatos (born 1945), American physicist

Dimitrios Kaffatos
Dimitrios Kaffatos (Greek: Δημήτριος Καφφάτος, born 20 March 1976) is a Greek retired handball player. He was a member of the Greece men's national handball team, playing as a goalkeeper. He was a part of the  team at the 2004 Summer Olympics. On club level he played for OF Nea Ionia, Ionikos Nea Filadelfeia and AEK Athens in Greece.
Nationalist Party (Thailand)
The Nationalist Party (Thai: พรรคชาตินิยม; RTGS: chatniyom) was a political party in Thailand founded on 6 February 1956  by Net Poonwiwat was leader and Paisal Chatbood was secretary-general. The Nationalist Party won four seats in the general election of February 1957, which decreased to one seat in another general election held in December that year. Following a coup d'etat on 20 October 1958, the party was ordered to be dissolved by the military junta.

December 1957 Thai general election
General elections were held in Thailand on 12 December 1957. They were the first elections after the coup led by Sarit Thanarat.

The new Sahaphum Party emerged as the largest party in parliament with 40 of the 160 elected seats, although with 59 MPs, independents were the largest bloc in Parliament. Voter turnout was 44%.
Epigenetics of diabetes type 2
In recent years it has become apparent that the environment and underlying mechanisms affect gene expression and the genome outside of the central dogma of biology. It has been found that many epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the regulation and expression of genes such as DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling. These epigenetic mechanisms are believed to be a contributing factor to pathological diseases such as type 2 diabetes. An understanding of the epigenome of diabetes patients may help to elucidate otherwise hidden causes of this disease.

CpG site
The CpG sites or CG sites are regions of DNA where a cytosine nucleotide is followed by a guanine nucleotide in the linear sequence of bases along its 5' → 3' direction. CpG sites occur with high frequency in genomic regions called CpG islands. CpGs are the common unit of methylation because their information is double stranded (the GpC complement is also methylated). This allows methylation information to be preserved during cell division.

Cytosines in CpG dinucleotides can be methylated to form 5-methylcytosines. Enzymes that add a methyl group are called DNA methyltransferases. In mammals, 70% to 80% of CpG cytosines are methylated. Methylating the cytosine within a gene can change its expression, a mechanism that is part of a larger field of science studying gene regulation that is called epigenetics. Methylated cytosines often mutate to thymines.

In humans, about 70% of promoters located near the transcription start site of a gene (proximal promoters) contain a CpG island.
Cape Fria
Cape Fria (literally "cold cape") is a headland overlooking the South Atlantic Ocean situated along the northern shoreline of Namibia, about 120 km (75 mi) to the northwest of Mowe Bay and 200 km to the south of the Angolan border. It is located in Skeleton Coast National Park. Due to its remoteness, it is accessible only by air.

Skeleton Coast National Park
Skeleton Coast National Park is a national park located in northwest Namibia, and has the most inaccessible shores, dotted with shipwrecks. The park was established in 1971 and has a size of 16,845 km2 (6,504 sq mi). The park is divided into a northern and southern section, the southern section is open to those with 4-wheel drive vehicles, they are allowed to go up (north) as far as the Ugab River Gate (where a sign with a skull and crossbones warns you to go no further). The northern section can only be reached by a fly-in safari, and the area is off-limits to all vehicles.

The list of tourist attractions in the park includes a shipwreck at the South West Seal viewpoint, Huab lagoon and the collapsed oil drilling rig.

Springbok Gate, the eastern entry

Ugabmund Gate (Ugab River Gate), the southern entry

Collapsed oil drilling rig
Camtel
Camtel is a national telecommunications and Internet service provider in Cameroon.  The company is keen to building its network, including: Access to a CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) network; digitization of the country's telephone exchanges; and optical fiber along the highway between Douala and Yaoundé, and between Kribi and Lolodorf.

There are 47 telephone exchanges in the company's system.  There are about 150,000 telephone lines in its cable network and its switching network.  Camtel operates three satellite-to-earth stations which are: Bepanda, Zamengoe and Garoua.

Telephone line
A telephone line or telephone circuit (or just line or circuit industrywide) is a single-user circuit on a telephone communication system. It is designed to reproduce speech of a quality that is understandable. It is the physical wire or other signaling medium connecting the user's telephone apparatus to the telecommunications network, and usually also implies a single telephone number for billing purposes reserved for that user.

Telephone lines are used to deliver consistent landline telephone service and digital subscriber line (DSL) phone cable service to the premises. Telephone overhead lines are connected to the public switched telephone network. The voltage at a subscriber's network interface is typically 48 V between the ring and tip wires, with tip near ground and ring at –48 V.
Broome County Courthouse
Broome County Courthouse is a historic courthouse located at Binghamton in Broome County, New York. It is a massive 2+1⁄2-story structure, built on a raised foundation, in the form of a Latin Cross and topped with an elegant copper dome.  Originally constructed in 1897–1898 in a "T" shape, the south wing was added in 1916–1917 to form the cross.  It was designed by noted New York State architect Isaac G. Perry.

Christian cross
The Christian cross, seen as symbolizing the crucifixion of Jesus, is a symbol of Christianity. It is related to the crucifix, a cross that includes a corpus (a representation of Jesus's body, usually three-dimensional) and to the more general family of cross symbols. The term cross is now detached from its original specifically Christian meaning, in modern English and many other Western languages.

The basic forms of the cross are the Latin cross with unequal arms and the Greek cross with equal arms; there are numerous variants, partly with confessional significance—such as the tau cross, the double-barred cross, triple-barred cross, and cross-and-crosslets—and many heraldic variants, such as the cross potent, cross pattée, and cross moline, cross fleury.
Shabaqua
Shabaqua is a dispersed rural community and unincorporated area in geographic Laurie Township in the Unorganized Part of Thunder Bay District in Northwestern Ontario, Canada. It is on the right bank of the Shebandowan River, as well as on a Canadian National Railway main line, built originally as the Canadian Northern Railway transcontinental main line, between Mabella to the west and Glenwater to the southeast.

Thunder Bay District
Thunder Bay District is a district and census division in Northwestern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. The district seat is Thunder Bay.

Most of the district (93.5%) is unincorporated and part of the Unorganized Thunder Bay District.
Asim Dasgupta
Dr. Asim Kumar Dasgupta (born 30 October 1945) is an Indian economist and politician. He served as minister of finance and excise in the Left Front ministry in the Indian state of West Bengal. He was the MLA of Khardaha constituency for twenty-four years until 13 May 2011, when he was defeated by FICCI secretary general Amit Mitra by a landslide 26,154 votes in the 2011 Assembly Election of West Bengal. He was one of the 26 ministers who lost his seat in the historic defeat of Communist Party of India (Marxist) led Left Front government.

2011 elections in India
Parliament By-elections took place between May and November to elect Lok Sabha members in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Jharkhand and West Bengal.

Legislative Assembly elections took place in April and May 2011  to elect legislatures in the Indian states of Assam, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and Puducherry.
Dessie Dolan
Dessie Dolan (born 11 July 1979) is an Irish Gaelic football manager who was manager of the senior Westmeath county team between 2022 and 2024.

He played for the Garrycastle club and for the Westmeath county team, as well as international rules football for Ireland. He won a Leinster Senior Football Championship medal with Westmeath in 2004 and was given an All Star at the end of the year. He was his county's highest championship scorer until John Heslin overtook him in the 2022 Tailteann Cup final (for which Dolan was a selector).

Manager (Gaelic games)
In Gaelic games, a manager or (in Irish) bainisteoir is involved in the direction and instruction of the on-field operations of a team. The role entails the application of sport tactics and strategies during the game itself, and usually entails substitution of players and other such actions as needed. At games, the manager may sometimes wear a bib with the word "manager" or "bainisteoir" adorning it. Many managers were former players themselves, and are assisted in coaching the team by a group of selectors (in Irish roghnóirí).
Bran
Bran, also known as miller's bran, is the component of a cereal grain consisting of the hard layers – the combined aleurone and pericarp – surrounding the endosperm. Corn (maize) bran also includes the pedicel (tip cap). Along with the germ, it is an integral part of whole grains, and is often produced as a byproduct of milling in the production of refined grains. Bran is highly nutritious, but is difficult to digest due to its high fiber content; its high fat content also reduces its shelf life as the oils/fats are prone to becoming rancid. As such, it is typically removed from whole grain during the refining process – e.g. in processing wheat grain into white flour, or refining brown rice into white rice.

Bran is present in cereal grain, including rice, corn (maize), wheat, oats, barley, rye, and millet. Bran is not the same as chaff, which is a coarser, scaly material surrounding the grain and is indigestible by humans.

Aleurone
Aleurone (from Greek aleuron, flour) is a protein found in protein granules of maturing seeds and tubers. The term also describes one of the two major cell types of the endosperm, the aleurone layer. The aleurone layer is the outermost layer of the endosperm, followed by the inner starchy endosperm. This layer of cells is sometimes referred to as the peripheral endosperm. It lies between the pericarp and the hyaline layer of the endosperm. Unlike the cells of the starchy endosperm, aleurone cells remain alive at maturity. The ploidy of the aleurone is (3n) [as a result of double fertilization].
İsmail Acar
İsmail Acar (born 1971) is a leading Turkish painter. He graduated with honors in 1991 from the Fine Arts School of Marmara University. In 1993, Acar received his Master of Arts degree in "Technology and Art", as well as in "Postmodernism".

In 2004, Acar was awarded "The Most Successful Artist of Turkey". His paintings have been exhibited in over sixty solo and well over forty joint exhibitions as of 2006. 
He often applies contemporary media techniques, including computer technology, to traditional painting techniques. The artist has created works on themes such as history, particularly that of Istanbul, and the meeting of Western ideas with Eastern spirituality.

Doha College
Doha College is a coeducational British international independent school located in Doha, Qatar. Doha College (or DC) was established in 1980 and was opened to meet the demands of a British-style education in the country. It has a student body of over 2,310 people from over 76 nationalities.

Doha College is an academically selective school, both for admissions and progress between key stages. The school is a not-for-profit organisation.

The school is included in The Schools Index as one of the 150 best private schools in the world and among top 15 schools in the Middle East.