hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Manny Salvo
Manuel Salvo (June 30, 1912 – February 7, 1997) was a Major League Baseball pitcher.  The 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m), 210 lb (95 kg) right-hander played for the New York Giants (1939), Boston Bees / Braves (1940–43), and Philadelphia Phillies (1943). His nickname was "Gyp", short for "Gypsy".

A native of Sacramento, California, Salvo had his best season statistically in 1940 with the Bees. He won 10, lost 9, making it the only season of his career in which he finished with more wins than losses. He also shared the National League lead with 5 shutouts, and ranked eighth in the league with a 3.08 earned run average.

While Salvo had a poor win–loss record, his career Adjusted ERA+ was only slightly below average at 98. He only pitched for one winning team, the 1939 Giants, and at 77–74 they were barely over the .500 mark.

Salvo died at the age of 83 in Vallejo, California.

Adjusted ERA+
Adjusted ERA+, often simply abbreviated to ERA+ or ERA plus, is a pitching statistic in baseball. It adjusts a pitcher's earned run average (ERA) according to the pitcher's ballpark (in case the ballpark favors batters or pitchers) and the ERA of the pitcher's league.
GWR 5100 Class
The  Great Western Railway (GWR) GWR 5100 Class (known as the 3100 class between 1912 and 1927) was a class of 2-6-2T side tank steam locomotives. It was the first of a series of broadly similar classes used principally for suburban passenger services.

Tank locomotive
A tank locomotive is a steam locomotive which carries its water in one or more on-board water tanks, instead of a more traditional tender. Most tank engines also have bunkers (or fuel tanks) to hold fuel; in a tender-tank locomotive a tender holds some or all of the fuel, and may hold some water also.

There are several different types of tank locomotive, distinguished by the position and style of the water tanks and fuel bunkers. The most common type has tanks mounted either side of the boiler. This type originated about 1840 and quickly became popular for industrial tasks, and later for shunting and shorter-distance main line duties.

Tank locomotives have advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional locomotives that required a separate tender to carry needed water and fuel.
Kariv, Ukraine
Kariv (Ukrainian: Ка́рів) is a small village (selo) in Chervonohrad Raion, Lviv Oblast of Western Ukraine. It belongs to Belz urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

The total area of the village is 4.6 km2, and the population is around 1157 people. Local government is administered by Karivska village council.

Sheptytskyi Raion
Sheptytskyi Raion (Ukrainian: Шептицький район) is a raion (district) of Lviv Oblast, Ukraine. It was known as Chervonohrad Raion (Ukrainian: Червоноградський район) from 2020 until 2024. The center of the raion is the city of Sheptytskyi. Population: 226,102 (2022 estimate).
Dewa United Banten F.C.
Dewa United Banten Football Club or Dewa United Banten, formerly known as Martapura Football Club, is an Indonesian professional football club based in Serang Regency, Banten. They currently compete in the Super League, the top-flight of Indonesian football. They were promoted from Liga 2, after placing third in the 2021 Liga 2 season.

2016 Indonesia Soccer Championship B
The 2016 Indonesia Soccer Championship B is the inaugural season of the Indonesia Soccer Championship B, a football competition that replaced the temporarily suspended Liga Indonesia Premier Division. This competition started in 30 April 2016.

PSCS Cilacap became champion after beating PSS Sleman 4-3 after extra time in the final.
Harrison Mooney
Harrison Mooney is a Canadian journalist and writer, who won the Kobo Emerging Writer Prize for non-fiction in 2023 for his memoir Invisible Boy: A Memoir of Self-Discovery.

A journalist for the Vancouver Sun, Mooney wrote the book about his experiences growing up as a Black Canadian in an adoptive white Christian family, and subsequently meeting and reconnecting with his birth mother in his early 20s.

The book was also shortlisted for the Governor General's Award for English-language non-fiction at the 2023 Governor General's Awards.

Kobo Emerging Writer Prize
The Kobo Emerging Writer Prize is a Canadian literary award, presented since 2015 by online e-book and audiobook retailer and eReader manufacturer Rakuten Kobo.

Until 2024, awardees received a $10,000 prize, which was increased to $20,000 in 2025. Winners are also provided with support in marketing their books. Three prizes are awarded each year to debut books published in the prior calendar year in literary fiction, non-fiction, and one of 3 genre fiction categories. Each year a different genre is honoured in the genre fiction category, rotating between mystery, romance, and speculative fiction. Since 2023, the genre fiction category has been open to books published since the prize last accepted submissions in that genre.
Primaballerina
"Primaballerina" (from Italian for "first ballerina" – the second highest female ballet dancer) is a 1969 song performed in German by Swedish singer Siw Malmkvist and written by Hans Blum. It was the German entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1969. Malmkvist was the second of three female Scandinavian schlager artists to represent Germany in the contest in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the first being Norwegian Wenche Myhre in 1968 with "Ein Hoch der Liebe" and the third Danish Gitte Hænning with "Junger Tag" in 1973. Malmkvist had previously also represented her native Sweden in the 1960 contest with "Alla andra får varann".

Wenche Myhre
Wenche Synnøve Myhre (born 15 February 1947), known in German as Wencke Myhre, is a Norwegian singer who has had a great number of hit songs since the 1960s in the Norwegian, Danish, German and Swedish markets and languages. She represented Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 1968.
Adams decarboxylation
The Adams decarboxylation is a chemical reaction that involved the decarboxylation of coumarins which have carboxylic acid group in the third position. The decarboxylation is achieved by aqueous solution of sodium bisulfite, heat and a concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide.

Decarboxylation
Decarboxylation is a chemical reaction that removes a carboxyl group and releases carbon dioxide (CO2). Usually, decarboxylation refers to a reaction of carboxylic acids, removing a carbon atom from a carbon chain. The reverse process, which is  the first chemical step in photosynthesis, is called carboxylation, the addition of CO2 to a compound. Enzymes that catalyze decarboxylations are called decarboxylases or, the more formal term, carboxy-lyases (EC number 4.1.1).
Robert Byndloss
Robert Byndloss (c. 1637–1687) was chief justice of Jamaica from 1679 to 1682. The brother-in-law of Henry Morgan, Byndloss was sympathetic to pirates, buccaneers, and privateers. When Morgan lost his ability to issue letters of marque to privateers, Byndloss would direct interested captains to the French governor of Tortuga to receive a letter from him. Both Morgan and Byndloss received a commission for each such letter issued.

Marchena Island in the Galapagos Archipelago was charted by the English pirate William Ambrosia Cowley as "Bindlos's Island" in his honor in 1684, a name it bore for centuries thereafter albeit usually in the modified form "Bindloe Island". Byndloss died on Jamaica in 1687 at the age of 50. Upon his own death, Morgan left land in St George Parish, Jamaica, to Byndloss's elder son Robert. Upon Morgan's wife's death, much of Morgan's remaining wealth—including three plantations and their black slaves—passed to Byndloss's younger son Charles.

Piracy in the Caribbean
Piracy in the Caribbean refers to the historical period of widespread piracy that occurred in the Caribbean Sea. Primarily between the 1650s and 1730s, where pirates frequently attacked and robbed merchant ships sailing through the region, often using bases or islands like Port Royal. The era of piracy in the Caribbean began in the 1500s and phased out in the 1830s after the navies of the nations of Western Europe and North America with colonies in the Caribbean began hunting and prosecuting pirates. The period during which pirates were most successful was from the 1650s to the 1730s. Piracy flourished in the Caribbean because of the existence of pirate seaports such as Fort Saint Louis in Martinique, Port Royal in Jamaica, Castillo de la Real Fuerza in Cuba, Tortuga in Haiti, and Nassau in the Bahamas. Piracy in the Caribbean was part of a larger historical phenomenon of piracy, as it existed close to major trade and exploration routes in almost all the five oceans.
Tawuia
Tawuia is a millimetric disc or sausage-shaped, most likely multicellular (although coenocytic) macrofossil from the Proterozoic. Stratigraphically, they range from 1,630 million years ago to the early Cambrian.

The fossils are often preserved as organic compressions. They are sometimes considered to represent microbial structures; some authors affiliate them with slime molds. However, Tawuia is instead likely an alga, as sub-cellular structures supporting this have been preserved.

A reconstruction of Tawuia as a coenocytic macroalgae with epibionts.

Reconstruction of Tawuia as a coenocytic macroalgae lacking epibionts

Reconstruction of Tawuia sinensis as a coenocytic macroalgae lacking epibionts

Coenocyte
A coenocyte (/ˈsiːnəˌsaɪt/) is a multinucleate cell which can result from multiple nuclear divisions without their accompanying cytokinesis, in contrast to a syncytium, which results from cellular aggregation followed by dissolution of the cell membranes inside the mass. The word syncytium in animal embryology is used to refer to the coenocytic blastoderm of invertebrates. A coenocytic colony is referred to as a coenobium (pl.: coenobia), and most coenobia are composed of a distinct number of cells, often as a power of two (4, 8, etc.).

Research suggests that coenobium formation may be a defense against grazing in some species.
Bar None (song)
"Bar None" is a song by American country music singer Jordan Davis, released on March 28, 2025, as the second single from his third studio album Learn the Hard Way (2025). It was written by Ben Johnson, Lydia Vaughan and Hunter Phelps and produced by Paul DiGiovanni.

Ben Johnson (songwriter)
Ben Johnson is an American songwriter, producer, and artist. His notable hits include "One of Them Girls," "Truck Bed," "All the Way," which reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart and peaked at No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100, and "All My Favorite Songs," which was nominated for Grammy Award for Best Rock Song" at the 64th Annual Grammy Awards. He has written for artists such as Morgan Wallen, Jelly Roll, Charlie Puth, Hardy, Justin Timberlake, Lee Brice, Dierks Bentley, John Legend, Ava Max, and Weezer.
Dressing Point massacre
The Dressing Point massacre refers to the murder in 1826 of 40–50 Karankawa people in Mexican Texas near present-day Matagorda at the mouth of the Colorado River by Texan farmers, in response to the constant murders and depredations against Stephen F. Austin's Anglo colonists who settled along the Colorado River in Texas.

Matagorda, Texas
Matagorda (/ˈmætəˈɡɔːrdə/ ⓘ) is a census-designated place in Matagorda County, Texas, United States. It is located near the mouth of the Colorado River on the upper Texas coast in the United States. In 2020, its population was 313. Matagorda is primarily a tourist town, with commercial and recreational fishing being the top industries. Approximately 23 miles (37 km) of the beach are accessible by vehicle and 35 additional miles are accessible only by boat. Matagorda is at the end of State Highway 60 and the beginning of Farm to Market Road 2031, which runs over the Intracoastal Waterway and south to the Gulf of Mexico.
Juglone 3-monooxygenase
In enzymology, juglone 3-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.99.27) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone + AH2 + O2  3,5-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone + A + H2O

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, AH2, and O2, whereas its 3 products are 3,5-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, A, and H2O.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O miscellaneous. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating). Other names in common use include juglone hydroxylase, naphthoquinone hydroxylase, and naphthoquinone-hydroxylase.

Juglone
Juglone, also called 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione (IUPAC) is a phenolic organic compound with the molecular formula C10H6O3.  In the food industry, juglone is also known as C.I. Natural Brown 7 and C.I. 75500. It is insoluble in benzene but soluble in dioxane, from which it crystallizes as yellow needles. It is an isomer of lawsone, which is the active dye compound in the henna leaf.

Juglone occurs naturally in the leaves, roots, husks, fruit (the epicarp), and bark of plants in the Juglandaceae family, particularly the black walnut (Juglans nigra), and is toxic or growth-stunting to many types of plants. It is sometimes used as an herbicide, as a dye for cloth and inks, and as a coloring agent for foods and cosmetics.
2017 Copeland by-election
A by-election took place in the British parliamentary constituency of Copeland on 23 February 2017 (the same day as the Stoke-on-Trent Central by-election), following the resignation of Labour Member of Parliament (MP) Jamie Reed. Conservative candidate Trudy Harrison gained the seat from Labour, the first gain for a governing party in a by-election since 1982.

Whitehaven (UK Parliament constituency)
Whitehaven was a constituency centred on the town of Whitehaven in Cumberland, which returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

It was created in 1832 and renamed Copeland at the 1983 general election.
Hanukkah in television
Hanukkah in television, the Jewish holiday of Hanukkah (which commemorates the victory of the Maccabees over the Greeks), is represented and referenced to in a number of television series of various genres such as comedy, sitcom, drama, documentary, animated, children's, competitive, talk and reality television, among others. Through a number of cultural references, tropes, and plot devices. Hanukkah has been referenced in many different American television series, as well as Israeli, British television, Canadian, and French television, among others.

Hanukkah plays a minor role in the plot of some episodes of television series, and plays a more important role as the main plot device in others, such as in "A Rugrats Chanukah", among others.

Jewish holidays
Jewish holidays, also known as Jewish festivals or Yamim Tovim (Hebrew: יָמִים טוֹבִים, romanized: yāmīm ṭōvīm, lit. 'Good Days', or singular Hebrew: יוֹם טוֹב‎ Yom Tov, in transliterated Hebrew [English: /ˈjɔːm ˈtɔːv, joʊm ˈtoʊv/]), are holidays observed by Jews throughout the Hebrew calendar. They include religious, cultural and national elements, derived from four sources: mitzvot ("biblical commandments"), rabbinic mandates, the history of Judaism, and the State of Israel.

Jewish holidays occur on the same dates every year in the Hebrew calendar, but the dates vary in the Gregorian. This is because the Hebrew calendar is a lunisolar calendar (based on the cycles of both the sun and moon), whereas the Gregorian is a solar calendar. Each holiday can only occur on certain days of the week, four for most, but five for holidays in Tevet and Shevat and six for Hanukkah (see Days of week on Hebrew calendar).
Geneva Camerata
The Geneva Camerata (GECA), is an orchestra composed of forty international musicians of the young generation. Based in Geneva, it performs music of all periods and styles, from early baroque music to contemporary music, as well as jazz, rock, world music, electronic music, in addition to creating a variety of multidisciplinary projects involving dance, theatre, and visual arts.

The music and artistic director of the Geneva Camerata is conductor and pianist David Greilsammer. The orchestra was founded in 2013 by Céline Meyer and David Greilsammer, and since then the group has performed at festivals and venues such as the Berliner Philharmonie, Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris, Kings Place in London, Montreux Jazz Festival, Centro Nacional de las Artes in Mexico City, Istanbul International Music Festival, Rheingau Musik Festival, NCPA in Beijing and Oriental Art Center in Shanghai.

Theatre of ancient Greece
A theatrical culture flourished in ancient Greece from 700 BC. At its centre was the city-state of Athens, which became a significant cultural, political, and religious place during this period, and the theatre was institutionalised there as part of a festival called the Dionysia, which honoured the god Dionysus. Tragedy (late 500 BC), comedy (490 BC), and the satyr play were the three dramatic genres emerged there. Athens exported the festival to its numerous colonies. Modern Western theatre comes, in large measure, from the theatre of ancient Greece, from which it borrows technical terminology, classification into genres, and many of its themes, stock characters, and plot elements.
Juan Carlos Echeverry (politician)
Juan Carlos Echeverry Garzón (born 12 September 1962) is a Colombian economist and former president of Ecopetrol, an oil and gas company. He served as the 68th Minister of Finance and Public Credit of Colombia from 2010 to 2012. He is the president of Econcept, a financial consulting firm in Bogotá and is an Associate Professor of Economics at University of the Andes. He was also a visiting professor at IE Business School, Madrid in 2013.

He served as Colombia's Minister of Economic Planning from 2000 to 2002 and held the position of Dean of Economics at the University of the Andes from 2002-2006. He was appointed finance minister by Colombia's President-elect Juan Manuel Santos on June 22, 2010.

Echeverry has a Ph.D. in Economics from New York University and a B.A. in Economics from the University of the Andes. Echeverry writes a weekly editorial for CNN en Español.

IE Business School
IE Business School is an undergraduate and graduate business school, located in Madrid, Spain. It was founded in 1973 under the name Instituto de Empresa (lit. Institute of Business) and is part of IE University since 2007. IE Business School is known for its master's program in management, which has been well ranked by numerous publications. It maintains a global network of approximately 220 partner universities, while also offering dual-degree programs. The institution runs BBA, MBA, Executive MBA, master's degree programs in finance and management, executive education programs, PhD, and DBA programs.
2016 World Series of Darts
The 2016 World Series of Darts was a series of non-televised darts tournaments organised by the Professional Darts Corporation. There were 6 World Series events and one Final event being held – one in the United Arab Emirates, one in New Zealand, one in China, one in Japan, two in Australia, with the finals being held in Scotland.

Darts
Darts is a competitive sport in which two or more players bare-handedly throw small sharp-pointed projectiles known as darts at a round target known as a dartboard.

Points can be scored by hitting specific marked areas of the board, though unlike in sports such as archery, these areas are distributed all across the board and do not follow a principle of points increasing toward the board's bullseye. Though a number of similar games using various boards and rules exist, the term "darts" usually now refers to a standardised game involving a specific board design and set of rules.

Darts is both a professional throwing sport and a traditional pub game.  Darts is commonly played in the British Isles, and recreationally loved around the world.
Las Lajas, Chiriquí
Las Lajas   is a corregimiento in San Félix District, Chiriquí Province, Panama. It is the seat of San Félix District. It has a land area of 54.2 square kilometres (20.9 sq mi) and had a population of 1,521 as of 2010, giving it a population density of 28.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (73/sq mi). Its population as of 1990 was 2,218; its population as of 2000 was 1,191.

Corregimientos of Panama
In Panama, a corregimiento is a subdivision of a district, which in turn is a subdivision of a province. It is the smallest administrative division level in the country; which is further subdivided into populated places/centres. As of 2012, Panama is subdivided into a total of 693 corregimientos, since several of these were created in the province of Bocas del Toro and the indigenous region (comarca indígena) of Ngäbe-Buglé.
Mel Odom (artist)
Mel Odom (born September 2, 1950) is an American artist who has created book covers for numerous novels, including a number of paperback editions of the novels of Patrick White, the Australian winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature, and several books by fantasy author Guy Gavriel Kay such as The Fionavar Tapestry trilogy, Tigana, A Song for Arbonne, and The Lions of Al-Rassan. Dreamer, a collection of his work, with an introduction by Edmund White, was published by Penguin Books in 1984. Odom is also the designer of the Gene Marshall collectible fashion doll.

The Lions of Al-Rassan
The Lions of Al-Rassan is a 1995 historical fantasy novel by Canadian writer Guy Gavriel Kay. It is set in a peninsula of the same world in which The Sarantine Mosaic and The Last Light of the Sun are set, and is based on Moorish Spain. The novel concentrates on the relationships between the three peoples: the Kindath (analogous to the Jews), the Asharites (analogous to the Muslims), and the Jaddites (analogous to the Christians), although the religions of the Kindath, Asharites, and Jaddites, as described in the novel, bear no relation to Judaism, Islam, and Christianity.

The three protagonists in the novel are from each of these three races and religions: Jehane bet Ishak, a Kindath physician in Fezana (loosely based on Rebecca of York); Rodrigo Belmonte, a Jaddite captain of a company of cavalry (loosely based on El Cid); and Ammar ibn Khairan, an Asharite poet, mercenary, and advisor to King Almalik of Cartada (loosely based on Muhammad ibn Ammar).
Fire and Rescue Academy of Malaysia
The Fire and Rescue Academy of Malaysia (Abbr.: FRAM; Malay: Akademi Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia) is a tertiary education institution in Malaysia that specialises in fire and safety education and training. The Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia manages the academy, and enrollment is open to the general public. The institution offers education up through the advanced diploma level. FRAM has five campuses located around Malaysia.

Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia
The Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia (Malay: Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia (JBPM), Jawi: جابتن بومبا دان ڤڽلامت مليسيا‎), commonly known as Bomba, is a federal agency of Malaysia responsible for firefighting and technical rescue. Bomba is a Malay word derived from the Portuguese bombeiros which means 'firefighters'.