hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michael Kettle
Michael Keith Kettle (born 18 March 1944) is an English former cricketer who played first-class cricket for Northamptonshire from 1963 to 1970. Kettle was born in Stamford, Lincolnshire, but moved with his father to Southern Rhodesia in 1953. He was spotted by Northamptonshire at the age of 16, while playing a trial match for them whilst on holiday in England. In 1962, he returned from Africa to join the county side at the age of 18. He remained with Northamptonshire until 1970, playing 88 first-class matches. In February 1974, he appeared for Rhodesia in a Gillette Cup match against Natal. After retiring from playing Kettle became a cricket coach at Repton School in Derbyshire and, in his late 70s, a groundskeeper at Mickleover.

KwaZulu-Natal cricket team
KwaZulu-Natal (formerly Natal) is the first-class cricket team that represents the province of KwaZulu-Natal (formerly Natal) in South Africa in the CSA 4-Day Domestic Series (previously the Currie Cup). KwaZulu-Natal is the only team that did not merge with another during the 2004 restructuring, but were rebranded as the Dolphins. However, the KwaZulu-Natal Inland cricket team was granted first-class status in 2006, and began competing in the CSA Provincial Competitions in 2006-2007, and were also represented by the Dolphins franchise. The team was originally called Natal and began playing in December 1889 at the start of first-class cricket in South Africa. The team joined the Currie Cup in 1893–94. The name changed in April 1998.
Quriwayrachina, Anta
Quriwayrachina or Quri Wayrachina (Quechua quri gold, wayrachina a special oven for smelting metal, "oven for smelting gold") is an archaeological site with agricultural terraces in Peru. It is situated in the Cusco Region, Anta Province. The terraces lie about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) north of the terraces of Zurite.

Hiram Bingham III visited the site in April 1915, and by Paul Fejos in 1940

Hiram Bingham III
Hiram Bingham III (November 19, 1875 – June 6, 1956) was an American academic, explorer and politician. In 1911, he publicized the existence of the Inca citadel of Machu Picchu which he rediscovered with the guidance of local indigenous farmers. Later, Bingham served as the 69th governor of Connecticut for a single day in 1925—the shortest term in history. He had been elected in 1924 as governor, but was also elected to the Senate and chose that position. He served as a member of the United States Senate until 1933.
Haemaphysalis leporispalustris
Haemaphysalis leporispalustris, the rabbit tick (occasionally known as the grouse tick), is a species of tick that is widely distributed in the Americas, stretching from Alaska to Argentina. H. leporispalustris is known to have one of the largest distributions for a tick originating in the New World. It is a three-host tick and a member of the family Ixodidae, commonly called the "hard ticks," and the genus Haemaphysalis. Its common hosts are rabbits (such as Sylvilagus spp.), hares (Lepus spp.), and sometimes ground-feeding birds. H. leporispalustris has a rigid scutum and a prominent capitulum projecting forward from its body and is often said to look like the "wood tick". It has a hemimetabolic life cycle. H. leporispalustris does not play  a prominent role in disease transmission in humans but is a vector for disease in other animals.

Scute
A scute (/skjuːt/ ⓘ) or scutum (Latin: scutum; plural: scuta "shield") is a bony external plate or scale overlaid with horn, as on the shell of a turtle, the skin of crocodilians, and the feet of birds. The term is also used to describe the anterior portion of the mesothorax in insects as well as some arachnids (e.g., the family Ixodidae, the scale ticks).
Maj Bring
Ebba Maria Bring, better known as Maj (29 August 1880 in Uppsala – 5 December 1971 in Stockholm) was a Swedish painter and model. She was the daughter of Sven Casper Bring.

Bring was educated at the Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts in Stockholm, and she's represented in the collection of the Moderna Museet there with eleven works, seven paintings and four drawings. Her portrait of Anna Behle is in the portrait collection of Gripsholm Castle. She is the subject of several portraits in the Nationalmuseum collection, by Maja Braathen, Berta Hansson, Ninnan Santesson, and Carl Wilhelmson; the museum also owns her portrait of Johan Ramstedt.

Artistically, her style was defined by contact with Henri Matisse, with whom she studied in Paris in 1910. She continued to exhibit until she was nearly 90.

Johan Ramstedt
Johan Olof Ramstedt (7 November 1852 – 15 March 1935) was a Swedish statesman and jurist who served as Prime Minister of Sweden from April to August 1905. Appointed during the political crisis surrounding the dissolution of the union with Norway, his short tenure was marked by efforts to resolve the conflict through negotiation and constitutional means. After the union’s breakup, Ramstedt resigned and later served as Governor of Uppsala from 1905 to 1925.
Khalid Pashtoon
Khalid Pashtoon was elected to represent Kandahar Province in Afghanistan's Wolesi Jirga, the lower house of its National Legislature, in 2005. He is a member of the Pashtun ethnic group from the Barakzai tribe. A report on Kandahar prepared at the Navy Postgraduate School stated he attended the University of Southern California. His Toupee sits on the Internal Security Committee as its deputy chair. He is a former aide to Gul Agha Sherzai.

Khalid Pashtoon was widely quoted when he described assassinated tribal leader Abdul Hakim Jan as the only leader in Kandahar to have opposed the Taliban.

Gul Agha Sherzai
Gul Agha Sherzai (Pashto: ګل آغا شيرزی; born 1954), also known as Mohammad Shafiq, is a politician and former warlord in Afghanistan. He is a former governor of Nangarhar province in eastern Afghanistan. He previously served as Governor of Kandahar province, in the early 1990s and from 2001 until 2003. In October 2013, Sherzai resigned from his post as governor and formally announced himself as a candidate for Afghanistan's 2014 Presidential Election, and served as the minister of border and tribal affairs until the Taliban captured Afghanistan again in 2021.
Rose Lake National Wildlife Refuge
Rose Lake National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge in Nelson County, North Dakota.  It is managed under Devils Lake Wetland Management District.

This is a limited-interest national wildlife refuge. The FWS has an easement on private property allowing it to manage wildlife habitat, but the land remains private property. There is no public access although wildlife may be observed from adjacent public roads. Limited-interest refuges were created in the 1930s and 1940s in response to declining waterfowl populations and the need to get people back to work during the Great Depression. Many landowners sold easements allowing the federal government to regulate water levels and restrict hunting.

Devils Lake Wetland Management District
Devils Lake Wetland Management District is located in the heart of the Prairie Pothole Region of the United States. The District was established in 1962 to purchase and protect wetland habitat for migratory waterfowl and other wildlife in northeastern North Dakota. One of the primary objectives of Devils Lake Wetland Management District is to provide wetland and grassland habitat for waterfowl in the spring and summer for nesting and feeding. The other primary objective is to provide migration habitat for waterfowl in the spring and fall.

The District's headquarters is in Devils Lake, North Dakota. Counties within the District include Benson, Cavalier, Grand Forks, Pembina, Ramsey, Towner and Walsh.

The District manages 209 waterfowl production areas totaling 48,066 acres (194.52 km2), 154,957 acres of wetland easements, 3,740 acres (15.1 km2) of grassland easements, and 18,666 acres (75.54 km2) of easement refuges.
Abdur Rab (academic)
Abdur Rab is a Bangladeshi academic and vice-chancellor of the International University of Business Agriculture and Technology. He was a professor and director at the Institute of Business Administration at the University of Dhaka.

Rab is the former vice-chancellor of Eastern University.

International University of Business Agriculture and Technology
International University of Business Agriculture and Technology (IUBAT) was established in 1991 by M Alimullah Miyan and was subsequently recognized under the Private University Act (PUA) of 1992 (now replaced by PUA 2010). It is the first private university established in Bangladesh. The initial planning began in 1989. Degree programs started in 1992 with agreement with Assumption University of Bangkok, Thailand. IUBAT is a full member of the Association of Commonwealth Universities, London, and this extended formal recognition of IUBAT degrees in 35 countries or regions of the Commonwealth.
Bihar Olympic Association
Bihar Olympic Association (BOA) is responsible for organizing various State level tournaments in coordination with other Bihar State Sports Organization and Government of Bihar. BOA is an affiliated member of Indian Olympic Association.

Indian Olympic Association has dissolved the Bihar Olympic Association (BOA) for lack of governance, transparency, and administrative inefficiency. IOA president PT Usha has formed a five-member ad hoc committee led by Hockey India secretary general Bholanath Singh to take interim charge of BOA

P. T. Usha
Pilavullakandi Thekkeparambil Usha (born 27 June 1964) is an Indian sports administrator, parliamentarian and retired track and field athlete. She was born in Koothali near Perambra in Kozhikode district, Kerala, and grew up in Payyoli. Usha has been associated with Indian athletics since 1979. She has won a total of four gold and seven silver medals in the Asian Games. She is often associated as the "Queen of Indian track and field".

In July 2022, she was nominated as a Member of Parliament to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament. In December 2022, she was elected president of the Indian Olympic Association unopposed. That same month, she was appointed to the panel of Rajya Sabha vice-chairman to control the proceedings of the upper house during the absence of both Chairman and Deputy Chairman. Usha is the first nominated parliamentarian in history to become the vice-chairperson of the Rajya Sabha.
On Virtue
On Virtue (Ancient Greek: Περὶ Ἀρετῆς; Latin: De Virtute) is a Socratic dialogue attributed to Plato, but which is considered spurious. In the short dialogue, Socrates discusses with a friend questions about whether virtue can be taught. To answer this question, the author of the dialogue does little more than copy out a few passages from the Meno almost word for word.

Socratic dialogue
Socratic dialogue (Ancient Greek: Σωκρατικὸς λόγος) is a genre of literary prose developed in Ancient Greece at the turn of the fourth century BC.  The earliest ones are preserved in the works of Plato and Xenophon and all involve Socrates as the protagonist. These dialogues, and subsequent ones in the genre, present a discussion of moral and philosophical problems between two or more individuals illustrating the application of the Socratic method. The dialogues may be either dramatic or narrative. While Socrates is often the main participant, his presence in the dialogue is not essential to the genre.
2006 South Carolina state elections
The 2006 South Carolina State Elections took place on November 7, 2006, and included the gubernatorial election. All nine popularly elected constitutional officers were up for reelection, and all races except the Attorney General's were contested.  The entire South Carolina House of Representatives, one state senator and six state circuit solicitors were also up for election.  Several constitutional amendments were also on the ballot.

Filing for the major parties closed on March 28, 2006, and filing for minor parties closed on August 15. The primaries for both parties were held on June 13, and run-offs were held June 27.  All results are taken from the South Carolina Election Commission's official results. Percentages may not add up to 100 because of rounding.

State constitutional officer
In the United States, each state and territory has constitutional officers who lead the state governments of the United States. These officers may be elected or appointed, depending on the position. The number and powers of state constitutional officers varies from state to state, based on the constitution and statutes of each state. State constitutional officers may reside in the executive or legislative branch, while state constitutions also establish the judicial system of the state, including state supreme courts.
Kamal Chunchie
Kamal Chunchie (4 June 1886 – 3 July 1953) was a Methodist Christian minister. He was born in Kandy, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) and by 1920 was living in the East End of London. The young Chunchie was a prominent cricketer at Kingswood College, Kandy, and after moving to England, he continued to play the sport. He was appalled by the way black and Asian people were treated, and wanted to improve the social aspects of their lives. He worked in race relations in Canning Town, where he founded The Coloured Men's Institute.

Chunchie is commemorated in the name of a street in the London Borough of Newham in east London, where City Hall, the headquarters of the Greater London Authority (GLA), the regional government for Greater London, is located.

Kandy
Kandy (Sinhala: මහනුවර, romanised: Mahanuwara [mahanuʋərə] ⓘ; Tamil: கண்டி, romanised: Kaṇṭi [ˈkaɳɖi] ⓘ) is a major city located in the Central Province of Sri Lanka. It was the last capital of the Sinhalese monarchy from 1469 to 1818, under the Kingdom of Kandy. The city is situated in the midst of hills in the Kandy plateau. Kandy is the administrative  capital of the Central Province, and considered as the cultural capital of Sri Lanka, due to its architectural heritage. Kandy is the home of the Temple of the Tooth Relic (Sri Dalada Maligawa), one of the most important places of the Buddhist world. It was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1988. Historically the local Buddhist rulers resisted Portuguese, Dutch, and British colonial expansion and occupation.
Osmotherly Rules
The Osmotherly Rules, named for their author, a civil servant in the Machinery of Government Division of the British Cabinet Office named E. B. C. Osmotherly, are a set of internal guidelines specifying how government departments should provide evidence to parliamentary select committees. Covering procedures for both the House of Lords and the House of Commons, it has "no formal Parliamentary standing or approval, nor does it claim to have."

Departments of the Government of the United Kingdom
The Government of the United Kingdom is divided into departments that each have responsibility, according to the government, for putting government policy into practice. There are currently 24 ministerial departments, 20 non-ministerial departments, and 422 agencies and other public bodies, for a total of 465 departments.
Quelch
Quelch is an English surname, with alternative spellings of Quelche, or QulchIt derived from the Old English nickname for a Celt or foreigner "woelisc", via Middle English "walsche", to Welch, Welsh or Wels(c)he. Notable people with the surname include:

Harry Quelch (1858–1913), one of the first Marxists in Britain

John Quelch (academic) (born 1951), British-American academic

John Quelch (pirate) (1666–1704), English pirate

Lorenzo Quelch (1862–1937), British trade unionist and politician, younger brother of Harry

Tom Quelch (1886–1954), socialist politician and son of Harry

Victor Quelch (1891–1975), Canadian farmer, soldier and politician

John Quelch (pirate)
John Quelch (c. 1666 – 30 June 1704) was an English pirate who had a lucrative but very brief career of about one year. His chief claim to historical significance is that he was the first person to be tried for piracy outside England under Admiralty Law and thus without a jury. These Admiralty courts had been instituted to tackle the rise of piracy in colonial ports where civil and criminal courts had proved ineffective.
PalmettoPride Classic
The PalmettoPride Classic was a golf tournament on the Nationwide Tour. It was only played in 2006. It was played at the Daniel Island Club in Charleston, South Carolina, United States.

The purse was $500,000, with $90,000 going to the winner.

Korn Ferry Tour
The Korn Ferry Tour is the developmental tour for the U.S.-based PGA Tour, and features professional golfers who have either not yet reached the PGA Tour, or who have done so but then failed to win enough FedEx Cup points to stay at that level. Those who finish in the top 20 of the money list at year's end are given PGA Tour memberships for the next season. Since the 2013 season, the Korn Ferry Tour has been the primary pathway for those seeking to earn their PGA Tour card. Q-School, which had previously been the primary route for qualification to the PGA Tour, has been converted as an entryway to the Korn Ferry Tour.
Ballyhea
Ballyhea or Ballyhay (Irish: Bealach Átha, meaning 'way of the ford') is a townland and civil parish in north County Cork, Ireland. Located near to the County Limerick border, the village of Ballyhea lies on the main N20 Cork–Limerick road, 3.5 km south of Charleville. It lies approximately 110 m above sea level.

N20 road (Ireland)
The N20 road is a national primary road in Ireland, connecting the cities of Cork and Limerick. Buttevant, Croom, Charleville, Mallow and Blarney are major towns along the route. A short section of the route (from Limerick to Patrickswell) is motorway standard and is designated as the M20 Motorway.
Al-Mansurah Subdistrict, Raqqa
Al-Mansurah Subdistrict or Al-Mansurah Nahiyah (Arabic: ناحية المنصورة)  is a Syrian Nahiyah (Subdistrict) located in Tabqa District in Raqqa Governorate, situated south-west of Raqqa and the Euphrates river. The subdistrict is bounded by the Euphrates river and the small Tabqa Subdistrict to the north and Sabka subdistrict also of Raqqa Governorate to the west. According to Syria's Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Al-Mansurah Subdistrict had a population of 58,727 in the 2004 census.

During the Syrian civil war, the subdistrict, including its administrative centre Al-Mansurah, were controlled by ISIS for three years, before coming under the control of the Syrian Democratic Forces. Then in January 2026, the Syrian transitional government launched the 2026 northeastern Syria offensive and the subdistrict became under its control.

Syrian transitional government
The Syrian transitional government is the provisional government of Syria, formed on 29 March 2025 under President Ahmed al-Sharaa. It succeeded the Syrian caretaker government headed by Mohammed al-Bashir.

The government was announced by Ahmed al-Sharaa at a ceremony at the Presidential Palace in Damascus, where the new ministers were sworn in and delivered speeches outlining their agendas. Two new ministries were formed: the Ministry of Sports and Youth and Ministry of Emergency and Disaster Management. The position of Prime Minister was abolished. The Ministry of Energy was formed from the mergers of the Ministry of Electricity, the Ministry of Oil and Mineral Resources and the Ministry of Water Resources, while the Ministry of Economy and Industry was formed from the mergers of the Ministry of Economy and Foreign Trade, Ministry of Internal Trade and Consumer Protection and the Ministry of Industry.
Hardware for artificial intelligence
Specialized computer hardware is often used to execute artificial intelligence (AI) programs faster, and with less energy, such as Lisp machines, neuromorphic engineering, event cameras, and physical neural networks. Since 2017, several consumer grade CPUs and SoCs have on-die NPUs. As of 2023, the market for AI hardware is dominated by GPUs.

As of the 2020s, AI computation is dominated by graphics processing units (GPUs) and newer domain-specific accelerators such as Google’s Tensor Processing Units (TPUs), AMD’s Instinct MI300 series, and various on-device neural-processing units (NPUs) found in consumer hardware.

Physical neural network
A physical neural network is a type of artificial neural network in which an electrically adjustable material is used to emulate the function of a neural synapse or a higher-order (dendritic) neuron model. "Physical" neural network is used to emphasize the reliance on physical hardware used to emulate neurons as opposed to software-based approaches. More generally the term is applicable to other artificial neural networks in which a memristor or other electrically adjustable resistance material is used to emulate a neural synapse.
Daniel A. Livingstone
Daniel Archibald Livingstone (3 August 1927 – 6 March 2016) was the James B Duke Professor Emeritus and research professor, in the Department of Biology at Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.  Born in Detroit, Michigan, Livingstone studied at McGill and Dalhousie Universities before joining Ed Deevey's research group as a PhD student at Yale University.

His research primarily addressed issues of historical ecology, including lake ontogeny, forest history, fish biogeography, palynology, Quaternary bioclimatology, and the paleolimnology of African lakes.

He was the inventor of the Livingstone corer, widely used by American palynologists and paleolimnologists.  In 1989, he was awarded the G. Evelyn Hutchinson Award by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography.

He died March 6, 2016.

Bioclimatology
Bioclimatology is the interdisciplinary field of science that studies the interactions between the biosphere and the Earth's atmosphere on time scales of the order of seasons or longer (in contrast to biometeorology).
Utaara Mootu
Utaara Mootu is a Namibian politician, youth leader and activist. She is an elected member of the Parliament of Namibia following the 2019 elections, representing the Landless People's Movement (Namibia) and serves as the party's parliamentary spokesperson.

Parliament of Namibia
The Parliament of Namibia is the national legislature of Namibia. It is a bicameral legislature that consists of two houses: the National Council (upper house) and the National Assembly (lower house).

All cabinet members are also members of the lower house. This situation has been criticised by Namibia's civil society and the opposition as creating a significant overlap between executive and legislature, undermining the separation of powers. The seniority of cabinet members generally relegates ordinary MPs to the back benches.

From Namibian independence until 2014, the National Assembly consisted of 78 members, 72 members elected by proportional representation and 6 members appointed by the president. The National Council had 26 representatives of the Regional Councils, 2 from each of the then thirteen regions. Before the 2014 general elections the constitution was amended to increase both chambers to their current size.
19th Canadian Army Field Regiment RCA
The 19th Canadian Army Field Regiment (Self Propelled) Royal Canadian Artillery (RCA) was a Field Artillery regiment in the Canadian Armed Forces during the Second World War. They would see action in France, Belgium, and the Netherlands, before ending the war in Germany. It was commonly referred to as The 19th Field Regiment, The 19th Army Field Regiment, The 19th Field or by the men of the regiment, Hell on Wheels.

Landing craft tank
The Landing Craft, Tank (LCT) (or tank landing craft, TLC) was an amphibious assault craft for landing tanks on beachheads. They were initially developed by the Royal Navy and later by the United States Navy during World War II in a series of versions. Initially known as the "tank landing craft" (TLC) by the British, they later adopted the U.S. nomenclature "landing craft, tank" (LCT). The United States continued to build LCTs post-war, and used them under different designations in the Korean and Vietnam Wars.