hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jath State
Jath State,  was one of the non-salute Maratha princely states of Deccan States Agency, one of the former Southern Maratha Jagirs. Jath State and Daphlapur State were the only two states belonging to the Bijapur Agency under the Bombay Presidency, which later became part of the Deccan States Agency.

The state was founded in 1686 by the hereditary Patil (chief) of Daphlapur. 
Jath state (including Daphlapur) covered an area of 980 square miles (2,500 km2), and had a population of 68,665 in 1901, while the population of Jath town itself was 5,414 in that year.
The Raja was married to Princess Usharaje Gaekwad of Baroda who was the grand daughter of Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad.

Belagavi border dispute
The Belagavi border dispute or Belgaon border dispute is a dispute between the Indian states of Karnataka and Maharashtra over the administration of the city of Belgaum and surrounding areas. During the British Raj, the region was part of the Bombay Presidency, a former colonial province that included western Maharashtra, north-western Karnataka, and much of Gujarat, and then became part of the short-lived Bombay State after Indian independence. As part of the States Reorganisation Act based on linguistic lines in 1956, Belgaum—because of its Kannada plurality—was incorporated into the newly formed state of Karnataka. Adjacent Marathi-speaking areas remained in Maharashtra. Currently, Belgaum is administered as part of the Belagavi district in Karnataka.
Wrestling at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Men's Greco-Roman bantamweight
The men's Greco-Roman bantamweight competition at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo took place from 16 to 19 October at the Komazawa Gymnasium. Nations were limited to one competitor. Bantamweight was the second-lightest category, including wrestlers weighing 52 to 57 kilograms (114.6 to 125.7 lb).

Komazawa Gymnasium
Komazawa Gymnasium (駒沢オリンピック公園総合運動場体育館) is an indoor sporting arena located in Komazawa Olympic Park, Tokyo, Japan. The capacity of the arena is 3,875 spectators.

Designed by Japanese architect Yoshinobu Ashihara, along with the landmark Control Tower, that features as a focal point of the park, the gymnasium venue hosted the wrestling events at the 1964 Summer Olympics.
River Stort
The River Stort is a river in Essex and Hertfordshire, England. It is 24 miles (39 km) long and flows from near the village of Langley to the River Lea at Hoddesdon.

The river's name is a back-formation from the name of the town of Bishop's Stortford. The 16th-century cartographers Christopher Saxton and William Camden named it the Stort, assuming the town of Stortford was named for its ford. The river was originally called the Stour.

William Camden
William Camden (2 May 1551 – 9 November 1623) was an English antiquarian, historian, topographer, and herald, best known as author of Britannia, the first chorographical survey of the islands of Great Britain and Ireland that relates landscape, geography, antiquarianism, and history, and the Annales, the first detailed historical account of the reign of Elizabeth I.
Minięta
Minięta [miˈɲɛnta] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dzierzgoń, within Sztum County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, and in 1772–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

First Partition of Poland
The First Partition of Poland took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that eventually ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The growth of power in the Russian Empire threatened the Kingdom of Prussia and the Habsburg monarchy and was the primary motive behind the First Partition.

Frederick the Great, King in Prussia, engineered the partition to prevent Austria, which was envious of Russian successes against the Ottoman Empire, from going to war. Territories in Poland–Lithuania were divided by its more powerful neighbours (Austria, Russia and Prussia) to restore the regional balance of power in Central Europe among those three countries.

With Poland unable to defend itself effectively and foreign troops already inside the country, the Polish Sejm ratified the partition in 1773 during the Partition Sejm, which was convened by the three powers.
Grotte des Demoiselles
The Grotte des Demoiselles is a large cave located in the Hérault valley of southern France, near Ganges, about 60 km (37 mi) west of Nîmes. Its entrance is located on the territory of the commune of Saint-Bauzille-de-Putois.

Hérault
Hérault (French pronunciation: [eʁo]; Occitan: Erau, [eˈɾaw]) is a department of the region of Occitania, Southern France. Named after the Hérault River, its prefecture is Montpellier. It had a population of 1,175,623 in 2019.
CJ McGourty
CJ McGourty is a dual player from Belfast, Northern Ireland. He has represented Antrim at all levels in both Gaelic football and hurling, and plays his club football and hurling with St Gall's.

In football, he won a Tommy Murphy Cup in 2008. In hurling, he was won Ulster Championships at Minor and Under 21 level. He later lined out with Tyrone helping them to the 2021 Nicky Rackard Cup final.

He has had much success with his club St Gall's, winning Antrim Senior Football Championship medals in 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009,2010,2011 Ulster Senior Club Football Championship medals in 2005 and 2009 and an All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship medal in 2010.  He also played in the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship final in 2006.

In hurling he has also had much success, winning an Antrim Intermediate Hurling Championship and Ulster Intermediate Hurling Championship in 2009 and playing in the All-Ireland Intermediate Club Hurling Championship final in 2010.

2021 Nicky Rackard Cup
The 2021 Nicky Rackard Cup was the 17th staging of the Nicky Rackard Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 2005. The cup began on 26 June 2021 and ended on 31 July 2021.

Longford and Monaghan did not participate in the competition after being relegated in 2020. Donegal were the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Tyrone in the semi-final. Leitrim were relegated after a defeat by Armagh.

The final was played on 31 July 2021 at Croke Park in Dublin, between Mayo and Tyrone, in what was their first ever meeting in a final. Mayo won the match by 2-27 to 1-14 to claim their second cup title overall and a first title since 2016.

Donegal's Declan Coulter was the Nicky Rackard Cup's top scorer with 1-34.
François Hammer
François Hammer, born on 19 November 1958, is a French astrophysicist. He has been an astronomer at the Paris Observatory since 1987 and was an astronomer attached to the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope between 1991 and 1992.

He has made several discoveries in the fields of gravitational lensing, cosmology and galaxy formation and structure. He was responsible for the Giraffe spectrograph implemented in 2002 at the Very Large Telescope (VLT). Together with the astronomers Lex Kaper, Per Kjaergaard, Roberto Pallavicini, he was the investigator of the X-shooter spectrograph, implemented in 2009 at the VLT.

Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope
The Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) is located near the summit of Mauna Kea mountain on Hawaii's Big Island at an altitude of 4,204 meters (13,793 feet), part of the Mauna Kea Observatory. Operational since 1979, the telescope is a Prime Focus/Cassegrain configuration with a usable aperture diameter of 3.58 metres (11.7 ft).

CFHT is currently considering a refurbishment to the facility in the 2020s. The facility would be reconstructed with a new 11-meter telescope to produce the Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer, retaining the same base building and infrastructure. First light is expected no earlier than 2029.
Live in a Dive (Swingin' Utters album)
Live in a Dive is a live album by Californian punk rock band Swingin' Utters. Released in 2004, it is the sixth in the Live in a Dive series.

The album features songs from all the band's albums, and many of their E.P.s, up to the album Dead Flowers, Bottles, Bluegrass, and Bones, which was released a month before Live in a Dive was recorded. The set is notable for its length (over one hour), the band's use of "acoustical instruments" including accordion on several songs, and Spike Slawson's bizarre story of an encounter with a drunk naked trucker in a Portage, Indiana motel while on tour.

The cover booklet also features a comic strip story by Joel Loya, involving the Swingin' Utters meeting the ghosts of Joe Strummer, Joey Ramone, Darby Crash and Sid Vicious.

Joey Ramone
Jeffrey Ross Hyman (May 19, 1951 – April 15, 2001), known professionally as Joey Ramone, was an American singer, songwriter, and the lead vocalist and founding member of the punk rock band Ramones, with Johnny Ramone and Dee Dee Ramone. His image, voice, and tenure with the Ramones made him a countercultural icon.

Born to a Jewish family in Queens, New York City, he was diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder and suffered a psychotic episode at age 18. After playing in the glam punk band Sniper from 1972 to 1974, Joey cofounded the Ramones in 1974. Initially the band's drummer, Joey switched to lead vocals shortly after the group's formation. Appearing on all the band's releases, he, along with guitarist Johnny Ramone, are the only two original members who stayed in the band until it disbanded in 1996.

Following the Ramones' breakup, he embarked on a solo career before dying of lymphoma in 2001. His debut solo album Don't Worry About Me was released the following year.
Army Chief Information Officer/G-6
In September 2020, the Army realigned the previously consolidated CIO/G-6 function into two separate roles, Office of the Chief Information Officer and Deputy Chief of Staff, G-6, that report to the secretary of the Army and chief of staff of the Army, respectively. The realignment came after several months of planning and coordination. Lt. Gen. John Morrison was nominated to the Senate for promotion and assignment as the G-6 and confirmed, assuming that position in August 2020. Subsequently, the Secretary of the Army, Ryan McCarthy appointed Dr. Raj G. Iyer as the first civilian Chief Information Officer, a career Senior Executive Service position in November 2020.

Albert J. Myer
Albert James Myer (September 20, 1828 – August 24, 1880) was a surgeon and United States Army general. He is known as the father of the U.S. Army Signal Corps, as its first chief signal officer just prior to the American Civil War, the inventor of wigwag signaling, and also as the father of the U.S. Weather Bureau.
Sömmerda I – Gotha III
Sömmerda I – Gotha III is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Landtag of Thuringia. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 16. It covers the northern part of the district of Gotha and part of western Sömmerda district.

Sömmerda I – Gotha III was created for the 1994 state election. Since 2024, it has been represented by Daniel Haseloff of Alternative for Germany (AfD).

1994 Thuringian state election
The 1994 Thuringian state election was held on 16 October 1994 to elect the members of the 2nd Landtag of Thuringia. The incumbent coalition government of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and Free Democratic Party (FDP) led by Minister-President Bernhard Vogel was defeated. The CDU suffered only minor losses, but the FDP lost its representation the Landtag. After the election, the CDU formed a grand coalition with the Social Democratic Party (SPD), and Vogel continued in office.
Stripmall Architecture
Stripmall Architecture is an American dream pop group. It was formed when Ryan and Rebecca Coseboom's previous band, Halou, dissolved. The expanded band includes Tim Hingston (guitar), Patrick Harte (drums), Erica 'Unwoman' Mulkey (cello), and other supporting musicians for their live shows and recording sessions.

The band used the service Kickstarter to generate funds to produce their new LP, Feathersongs For Factory Girls. Part one was released in April 2010, and part two followed a year later in 2011. Both parts were released together on a limited numbered edition double 10" LP on white vinyl in early 2011.

The band was interviewed on Seattle's KEXP 90.3 radio station on 12/09/09, performing several tracks live in studio. They also covered LCD Soundsystem's song "Drunk Girls".

Rebecca is also the singer for producer John Fryer's newest project, DarkDriveClinic.

Dream pop
Dream pop is a subgenre of alternative rock and neo-psychedelia that emphasizes atmosphere and sonic texture as strongly as it does pop melody. Common characteristics include breathy vocals, dense productions, and effects such as reverb, echo, tremolo, and chorus. It often overlaps with the related genre of shoegaze, and the two genre terms have at times been used interchangeably.

Dream pop came into prominence in the 1980s through groups associated with the UK label 4AD, most prominently Cocteau Twins and This Mortal Coil, and later A.R. Kane, who are credited with coining the term. During the late 1980s to early 1990s, the genre saw further proliferation through UK-based artists such as My Bloody Valentine, Slowdive, and Lush alongside US-based acts Galaxie 500, Julee Cruise, and Mazzy Star. By the late 2000s, the sound saw renewed popularity among millennial listeners through bands such as Beach House.
Dhupguri Girls' College
Dhupguri Girls' College, established in 2013, is the women's general degree college in Dhupguri. It offers undergraduate courses in arts. The campus is in the Jalpaiguri district. It is affiliated to University of North Bengal.

University of North Bengal
The University of North Bengal (also North Bengal University, abbreviated as NBU) is a public state university in the North Bengal region of West Bengal, India. Its main campus is located in Raja Rammohanpur, Siliguri, Darjeeling district, in the Indian state of West Bengal. Its second campus is located in Danguajhar, Jalpaiguri in Jalpaiguri district and the third campus is located in Salt Lake, Kolkata. The university was established in 1962 by the Government of West Bengal. North Bengal University offers degrees in undergraduate, post-graduate, doctoral and post-doctoral programmes. It is accredited by NAAC with B++ grade.
BZX79 voltage regulator diodes
The BZX79 series is a family of low voltage regulator diode. The diode is made in axial-lead DO-35 glass package. Regulating voltages varies from 2.4 V to 75 V with a total power dissipation maximum of 500 mW.

In some datasheets, the series is labelled as zener diode, but this is not always the case as the series relies on avalanche breakdown for higher voltage.

The BZT52 series is a good surface-mount equivalent for the BZT79 series.

DO-204
DO-204 is a family of diode semiconductor packages defined by JEDEC. This family comprises lead-mounted axial devices with round leads.  Generally a diode will have a line painted near the cathode end.
Vodla
The Vodla (Russian: Водла, Finnish: Vodlajoki) is a river in the south-east of Republic of Karelia, Russia. The town of Pudozh is located along Vodla. The river is formed at the confluence of the rivers Sukhaya Vodla and Vama, two outflows of the Lake Vodlozero, a large freshwater lake in the southeastern part of Karelia. It is 149 kilometres (93 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 13,700 square kilometres (5,300 sq mi). After rising in Lake Vodlozero, the river flows south before turning west into Lake Onega, Europe's second largest lake. From there, the 224-kilometer river Svir connects Lake Onega with Lake Ladoga. The Vodla's water is soft and humic.

Lake Ladoga
Lake Ladoga is a freshwater lake located in the Republic of Karelia and Leningrad Oblast in northwestern Russia, in the vicinity of Saint Petersburg.

It is the largest lake located entirely in Europe, the second largest lake in Russia after Lake Baikal, and the 14th largest lake by area in the world. It is comparable in size to Lake Ontario. Ladoga Lacus, a methane lake on Saturn's moon Titan, is named after the lake.
Kamal ad-Din
Kamal ad-Din (Arabic: كمال‌ الدين, Kamāl ad-Dīn) is a male Muslim given name or surname (laqab in Arabic), meaning "perfection of the religion" in Arabic.

The name is formed from the elements kamāl (كمال‌), al- (الـp), and dīn (دين). It is often transliterated as Kamāl al-Dīn, but because the letter dāl (د, d) is a sun letter, the lām (ل, l) of al- assimilates into the first letter of dīn in pronunciation, resulting in a doubled consonant.

In Classical Arabic the pronunciation of the name changes depending on its function. Thus, the nominative case of the name is Kamaluddin (Kamālu’d-Dīn), the accusative case is Kamaladdin (Kamāla’d-Dīn), and the genitive case is Kamaliddin (Kamāli’d-Dīn).

Dīn
Dīn or Deen is an Islamic term of Arabic origin which means "religion" or "way of life." In Islam, it is believed that only one God has ever existed and that God is Allah. It is said that Allah has revealed many religions in the past such as Christianity and Judaism, but the current religion of Islam is the last and final religion to be accepted by Allah on the Day of Judgment.

In Islamic terminology, the word refers to the way of life Muslims must adopt to comply with divine law, encompassing beliefs, character and deeds. The term appears in the Quran 98 times with different connotations, including in the phrase yawm al-din (Arabic: يوم الدين), generally translated to "Day of Judgment" or the famous verse "La ikraha fid din" which translates to "Let there be no compulsion in religion" (Abdullah Yusuf Ali translation).
Glossary of calculus
Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself. However, glossaries like this one are useful for looking up, comparing and reviewing large numbers of terms together. You can help enhance this page by adding new terms or writing definitions for existing ones.

This glossary of calculus is a list of definitions about calculus, its sub-disciplines, and related fields.

Set (mathematics)
In mathematics, a set is a collection of different things; the things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects: numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, geometric shapes, variables, or other sets.  A set may be finite or infinite. There is a unique set with no elements, called the empty set; a set with a single element is a singleton.

Mathematics typically does not define precisely what constitutes a "set" or "collection", because such a definition would have to be in terms of something else previously defined.  Instead, sets serve as foundational objects whose behavior is described by axioms modeled on intuition about collections, and then essentially all other mathematical objects are rigorously defined in terms of sets.

Set theory studies possible axiom systems and their consequences.
Since the first half of the 20th century, ZFC (Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice) has been the axiom system most commonly used.
Robert G. Gallager
Robert Gray Gallager (born May 29, 1931) is an American electrical engineer known for his work on information theory and communications networks.

Gallager was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) in 1979 for contributions to coding and communications theory and practice. He was also elected an IEEE Fellow in 1968, a member of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in 1992, and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS) in 1999.

He received the Claude E. Shannon Award from the IEEE Information Theory Society in 1983. He also received the IEEE Centennial Medal in 1984, the IEEE Medal of Honor in 1990 "For fundamental contributions to communications coding techniques", the Marconi Prize in 2003, and a
Dijkstra Prize in 2004, among other honors. For most of his career he was a professor of electrical engineering and computer science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Marconi Prize
The Marconi Prize is an annual award recognizing achievements and advancements made in field of communications (radio, mobile, wireless, telecommunications, data communications, networks, and Internet). The prize is awarded by the Marconi Society and it includes a work of sculpture. Recipients of the prize are awarded at the Marconi Society's annual symposium and gala.
Some Kind of Trouble (song)
"Some Kind of Trouble" is a song written by Mike Reid, Brent Maher and Don Potter, and recorded by American country music artist Tanya Tucker.  It was released in February 1992 as the third single from the album What Do I Do with Me.  The song reached #3 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

Tanya Tucker
Tanya Denise Tucker (born October 10, 1958) is an American country singer who had her first hit, "Delta Dawn", in 1972 at the age of 13. During her career Tucker became one of the few child performers to mature into adulthood without losing her audience; she had a streak of top-10 and top-40 hits.
She has had several successful albums, several Country Music Association award nominations, and hit songs including 1973's "What's Your Mama's Name?" and "Blood Red and Goin' Down", 1975's "Lizzie and the Rainman", 1988's "Strong Enough to Bend", and 1992's "Two Sparrows in a Hurricane". Tucker's 2019 album While I'm Livin' won the Grammy Award for Best Country Album, and "Bring My Flowers Now" from that same album won Tucker a shared songwriting Grammy for Best Country Song.

Tucker’s latest album is a 2023 critically acclaimed collaboration with Brandi Carlile called Sweet Western Sound. Tucker was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame on October 22, 2023.
Dumnicë e Poshtme, Podujevo
Donja Dubnica (Serbian: Доња Дубница, Albanian: Dumnica e Poshtme) is a village which is located in the Municipality of Podujevo, district of Pristina of north-eastern Kosovo. It has a population of 2,526 people according to the 2024 census.

Podujevë
Podujevë or Besianë (Albanian definite form: Podujeva or Besiana) or Podujevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Подујево) is a city and municipality in the Pristina District in Kosovo. Podujevë is the largest municipality of Kosovo since it covers 632.59 km2 (244 sq mi) and is located in the historical and geographical region of Llap, named after the Llapi River, which flows through the city. According to the 2024 census, Podujevë has 70,975 inhabitants, making it the seventh most populous city in Kosovo after Peja and Gjakova.
Rasisalai United F.C.
Rasisalai United Football Club (Thai สโมสรฟุตบอล ราษีไศล ยูไนเต็ด), is a  professional football club based in Rasisalai, Sisaket, Thailand.

They set to compete in Thai League 2 from 2025–26 season, the second tier of Thailand football after promotion from Thai League 3 in 2024–25 season.

Sisaket province
Sisaket province (Thai: ศรีสะเกษ, RTGS: Si Sa Ket, pronounced [sǐː sàʔ kèːt]; Northern Khmer: ซีซะเกด) is one of Thailand's seventy-six  provinces (changwat). It lies in lower northeastern Thailand, a region called Isan. Neighboring provinces are (from west clockwise): Surin, Roi Et, Yasothon, and Ubon Ratchathani. To the south it borders Oddar Meancheay and Preah Vihear of Cambodia.