hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Schalk Burger
Schalk Willem Petrus Burger Jr. (born 13 April 1983) is a South African former professional rugby union player. He played as a flanker for Saracens in the English Premiership and won 86 caps for South Africa.

He was a member of the 2007 Rugby World Cup-winning team, was twice named South African Rugby Player of the Year (in 2004 and 2011), and was named IRB Player of the Year in 2004, among other accolades. He also holds the record for the most appearances (84) and most tries scored (13) by a Springbok flanker. However, Burger's physical approach also resulted in him being shown a yellow card six times in international rugby, second only to Italy's Marco Bortolami (7 times) as of June 2014. Burger also suffered injuries, especially to his neck and knee, which sidelined him for considerable periods at a time. He also played four times for the Barbarians.

Currie Cup
The Currie Cup (Afrikaans: Curriebeker) is South Africa's premier domestic rugby union competition featuring teams representing either entire provinces or substantial regions within provinces. The Currie Cup dates back to 1891.
Trichoneuron
Trichoneuron is a genus of ferns in the family Dryopteridaceae, subfamily Polybotryoideae, in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). The genus has a single species Trichoneuron microlepioides, native to Yunnan, China.

Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group
The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (PPG) is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish on the classification of pteridophytes (lycophytes and ferns) that reflects knowledge about plant relationships discovered through phylogenetic studies. In 2016, the group published a classification for extant pteridophytes, termed "PPG I". The paper had 94 authors (26 principal and 68 additional).
The classification was presented as a consensus classification supported by the community of fern taxonomists. Alternative classifications of ferns exist and are preferred by some.
Shifting Gears (TV series)
Shifting Gears is an American television sitcom created by Julie Thacker Scully and Mike Scully for ABC through 20th Television. The series stars Tim Allen, Kat Dennings, Seann William Scott, Daryl "Chill" Mitchell, Maxwell Simkins, and Barrett Margolis. It premiered on ABC on January 8, 2025. In April 2025, ABC renewed the series for a second season which premiered on October 1, 2025.

Lori Greiner
Lori Greiner is an American television personality and entrepreneur. She is known for her QVC show Clever & Unique Creations (2000–present), for which she has been called the "Queen of QVC" and additionally being an investor on the reality series Shark Tank (2012–present) on ABC. She has hundreds of inventions and holds over 120 patents. She is the president and founder of For Your Ease Only, Inc.
Luca Visentini
Luca Visentini (born 1969) is an Italian trade unionist. Elected general secretary of the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) at the organisation's 5th World Congress in Melbourne, Australia, in mid-November 2022, he stood aside on 14 December 2022 following his arrest and conditional release in relation to the Qatar corruption scandal at the European Parliament. On 11 March 2023, the ITUC General Council voted to dismiss Visentini for accepting funds from Antonio Panzeri.

He was previously the General Secretary of the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC). He was reelected at the ETUC Congress in Vienna in May 2019, having been first elected in 2015. He has been active in the European trade union movement since the late 1980s, at regional, national and European Union levels.

European Trade Union Confederation
The European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) is the major trade union organisation representing workers at the European level. In its role as a European social partner, the ETUC works both in a consulting role with the European Commission and negotiates agreements and work programmes with European employers. It coordinates the national and sectoral policies of its affiliates on social and economic matters, particularly in the framework of the EU institutional processes, including European economic governance and the European Semester.
1949 Detroit Lions season
The 1949 Detroit Lions season marked their 20th year in the National Football League (NFL). The team improved on their previous season's output of 2–10, winning four games. They failed to qualify for the playoffs for the 14th consecutive season.

1948 Detroit Lions season
The 1948 Detroit Lions season was the team's 19th overall season in the league. The team failed to improve on their previous season's output of 3–9, winning only two games. They failed to qualify for the playoffs for the 13th consecutive season. In this season they used scarlet and black uniforms instead of the traditional Honolulu blue and silver. They returned to Honolulu blue and silver the following season.
Philip Shelbourne
Sir Philip Shelbourne (15 June 1924 – 15 April 1993) was a British lawyer and financier.

Shelbourne was educated at Radley College. He left Radley in 1942 with a scholarship to Christ Church, Oxford, but served in the Royal Armoured Corps 1943–46 before going up to Christ Church. After graduating in jurisprudence he was a Commonwealth Fund Fellow at Harvard Law School 1949–50.

As a barrister, Shelbourne specialised in tax law. He gave up the Bar in 1962 to join NM Rothschild and Sons. After leaving Rothschild in 1970 he was chairman and/or chief executive of companies including Samuel Montagu & Co. and subsequently British National Oil Corporation and its successor Britoil. His final positions were deputy chairman of the Takeover Panel and concurrently chairman of Henry Ansbacher Holdings.

Shelbourne was knighted in the 1984 New Year Honours. He lived at Myles Place in the cathedral close in Salisbury, Wiltshire.

Salisbury
Salisbury (/ˈsɔːlzbəri/ SAWLZ-bər-ee, locally /ˈsɔːzbəri/ SAWZ-bər-ee) is a cathedral city and civil parish in Wiltshire, England with a population of 41,820, at the confluence of the rivers Avon, Nadder and Bourne. The city is approximately 20 miles (30 kilometres) from Southampton and 30 miles (50 kilometres) from Bath.

Salisbury is in the southeast of Wiltshire, near the edge of Salisbury Plain. An ancient cathedral was north of the present city at Old Sarum. A new cathedral was built near the meeting of the rivers and a settlement grew up around it, which received a city charter in 1227 as New Sarum. This continued to be its official name until 2009, when Salisbury City Council was established. Salisbury railway station is an interchange between the West of England Line and the Wessex Main Line.

Stonehenge, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is 8 miles (13 kilometres) northwest of Salisbury.
Gros (surname)
The surname Gros may have several origins. In French, it is a nickname for a big, fat person. Likewise,  in Romanian, Groș is a word for "large". In several languages, it is a spelling variant of the German surname Gross. See also Legros.

Notable people with this surname include:

Sara Gros Aspiroz (born 1983), Spanish ski mountaineer

Antoine-Jean Gros (1771–1835), French painter

Brigitte Gros (1925–1985), French journalist and politician

Daniel Gros (born 1955), German economist

Jean-Baptiste Louis Gros (1793–1870), French ambassador and daguerreotypist

Jules Gros (1890–1992), Breton linguist

Jules Gros (journalist) (1890–1891), French journalist

Louis Prosper Gros (1893–1973), French aviator

Piet Gros (born 1964), Dutch chemist

Brigitte Gros
Brigitte Gros (12 June 1925 – 11 March 1985) was a French journalist and politician. She served as the mayor of Meulan-en-Yvelines and as a member of the French Senate. She was the author of several books.
World Universities Debating Championship
The World Universities Debating Championship (WUDC) is the world's largest international debating tournament and one of the largest annual international student events. WUDC is held in the British Parliamentary format (involving four teams of two people in each debate).

Each year, the event is hosted by an institution selected by the World Universities Debating Council. The current 2026 world champions are  Udai Kamath & Jack Story from University of Sydney.

Student
A student is a person enrolled in a school or other educational institution, or more generally, a person who takes a special interest in a subject.

In the United Kingdom and most commonwealth countries, a "student" attends a secondary school or higher (e.g., college or university); those in primary or elementary schools are "pupils".
Ralph Menzies
Ralph Leroy Menzies (April 21, 1958 – November 26, 2025) was an American convicted murderer who was on death row in Utah for the 1986 murder of Maurine Hunsaker (February 28, 1959 – February 25, 1986), a gas station attendant whom he kidnapped before slitting her throat. Menzies was convicted of the murder and sentenced to death on March 23, 1988. His scheduled September 5, 2025, execution was put on hold for a competency re-evaluation. Before the competency evaluation could be completed, Menzies died of natural causes.

When Douglas Stewart Carter's death sentence was overturned in May 2025, Menzies became Utah's longest-serving death row inmate, having been sentenced to death in 1988.

Kearns, Utah
Kearns (/kɜːrnz/ kurnz) is a city in Salt Lake County, Utah, United States. Named after Utah's U.S. Senator Thomas Kearns, it had a population of 36,723 at the 2020 Census.
This was a 2.8 percent increase over the 2010 figure of 35,731.
Kearns is home to the Utah Olympic Oval, an indoor speed skating oval built for the 2002 Winter Olympics.
Toyota C-HR+
The Toyota C-HR+ is a battery electric compact crossover SUV (C-segment) manufactured by Toyota. The vehicle was unveiled in March 2025. It was released in Europe in October 2025. In North America, the vehicle is marketed simply as the Toyota C-HR. A Subaru version is marketed as the Subaru Uncharted.

Named after the smaller hybrid electric Toyota C-HR, the C-HR+ is a larger vehicle built on a separate e-TNGA platform shared with the bZ4X.

C-segment
The C-segment is the 3rd category of the European segments for passenger cars and is described as "medium cars". It is equivalent to the Euro NCAP "small family car" size class, and the compact car category in the United States.

In 2024, the C-segment had a European market share of 13.9%.
Görükle
Görükle is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Nilüfer, Bursa Province, Turkey. Its population is 35,882 (2022). It was an independent municipality until it was merged into the municipality of Nilüfer in 2008. It is a college town, being situated near the campus of Uludağ University and home to many college students.

The town is accessible by metro and shuttle buses from the central parts of Bursa. Shuttle buses regularly run to the nearby Uludağ University campus, and the town has places such as cafés and takeaways frequented by university students. It also has many private dormitory buildings, hostels, and apartment blocks where apartments are mainly rented to students.

College town
A college town or university town is a town or city whose character is dominated by a college or university and their associated culture, often characterised by the student population making up 20 percent of the population of the community, but not including communities that are parts of larger urban areas (often termed student quarters). The university may be large, or there may be several smaller institutions such as liberal arts colleges clustered, or the residential population may be small, but college towns in all cases are so dubbed because the presence of the educational institution(s) pervades economic and social life. Many local residents may be employed by the university—which may be the largest employer in the community—many businesses cater primarily to the university, and the student population may outnumber the local population.
Machen RFC
Machen Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union club based in Machen, near the city of Newport.  Machen RFC is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Dragons.

Rugby football was played in Machen from the early 1870s, but Machen RFC can be placed as playing as a club from the early 1880s. One of the club's earliest and most notable players was Frank Purdon, who would later go on to play from Newport and Wales.

The club also has two notable local rivalries with Risca and Bedwas.

Welsh Rugby Union
The Welsh Rugby Union (WRU; Welsh: Undeb Rygbi Cymru) is the governing body of rugby union in the country of Wales, recognised by the sport's international governing body, World Rugby.

The WRU is responsible for the running of rugby in Wales, overseeing 320 member clubs, the Welsh national team and National Leagues and Cups. The WRU is headed by the President (Terry Cobner), chairman (Richard Collier-Keywood) and CEO (Abi Tierney).
Bedlington Ironworks
Bedlington Ironworks, in Blyth Dene, Northumberland, England, operated between 1736 and 1867. It is most remembered as the place where wrought iron rails were invented by John Birkinshaw in 1820, which triggered the railway age, with their first major use being in the Stockton and Darlington Railway opened in 1825, about 45 miles (72 km) to the south.

Blyth Dene, near Bedlington, was an idyllic location next to the River Blyth which had all the right ingredients for an ironworks at the time: there were nodules of ironstone in the coal-laden banks of the river, there was plenty of wood for the traditional approach of charcoal making, water for driving the hammers, and the port of Blyth was only two miles downriver for shipping of the products. At the time, a Shropshire man, Abraham Darby had started a revolution in ironmaking by using coke instead of charcoal. The Bedlington ironworks originally consisted of two elements – a mill in Bebside and a furnace at Bedlington Mill

Abraham Darby I
Abraham Darby, in his later life called Abraham Darby the Elder, now sometimes known for convenience as Abraham Darby I (14 April 1677 – 5 May 1717, the first and best known of several men of that name), was a British ironmaster and foundryman. Born into an English Quaker family that played an important role in the Industrial Revolution, Darby developed a method of producing pig iron in a blast furnace fuelled by coke rather than charcoal. This was a major step forward in the production of iron as a raw material for the Industrial Revolution.
Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan
Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan ("Environmental Princess of Indonesia") is a beauty pageant title organized by Puteri Indonesia Organization. Until 2022, it was established that the titleholder of Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan was to be sent to the Miss International pageant. Starting 2024, the titleholder of Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan will compete in an international beauty pageant that is decided by the Puteri Indonesia organization after Puteri Indonesia competition ends. The options include Miss International, Miss Supranational, Miss Charm, and Miss Cosmo.

The reigning Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan 2025 is Melliza Xaviera Putri Yulian of Jakarta SCR 1, who was crowned on 2 May 2025 in Jakarta International Convention Center.

Miss Charm
Miss Charm is an annual international beauty pageant organized by the Vietnam-based Miss Charm Organization with the mission of promoting culture, tourism and educational activities.

Along with Miss Cosmo organized by UniMedia, Miss Charm is one of two international beauty pageants founded by a Vietnamese organisation.

The current Miss Charm is Anna Blanco from Venezuela, who was crowned on 12 December 2025 at BHD Studio, Hồ Chí Minh City, Vietnam.
2011 Malaysian Open – Doubles
Chan Yung-jan and Zheng Jie were the defending champions, but both chose not to participate. Dinara Safina and Galina Voskoboeva won in the final against Noppawan Lertcheewakarn and Jessica Moore, 7–5, 2–6, [10–5].

Dinara Safina
Dinara Mubinovna Safina (Russian: Динара Мубиновна Сафина, pronounced [dʲɪˈnarə ˈsafʲɪnə] ⓘ; Tatar: Динара Мөбин кызы Сафина, romanized: Dinara Möbin kızı Safina; born April 27, 1986) is a Russian former professional tennis player. She was ranked as the world No. 1 in women's singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for 26 weeks, and world No. 8 in doubles. Safina won twelve WTA Tour-level singles titles and nine in doubles, including the women's doubles title at the 2007 US Open with Nathalie Dechy. She was the runner-up at three major singles tournaments: the 2008 French Open, 2009 Australian Open, and 2009 French Open, and won an Olympic silver medal in singles at the 2008 Beijing Olympics.

Safina officially retired in 2014 due to a long-term back injury. She is the younger sister of former world No. 1 men's player Marat Safin; the brother–sister pair are the first to both achieve the No. 1 singles rankings.
Guidantonio da Montefeltro
Guidantonio da Montefeltro (1377 – February 1443) was count of Urbino in Italy from 1403 until his death.

In 1403, at the death of his father Antonio, Guidantonio inherited the family lands in the region of Italy called the Marche. Later he abandoned the Papal suzerainty and allied with King Ladislaus of Naples, who made him Gran conestabile of the Kingdom of Naples in 1411. Excommunicated by Pope Gregory XII, he took advantage of that move to conquer Assisi. He also controlled Castello, Cagli, Forlì, and Forlimpopoli.

Guidantonio later reconciled with Pope Martin V and with his enemy, the condottiero Braccio da Montone. In 1427 he occupied Urbania.

He died in 1443, his son Oddantonio succeeding him in Urbino.

Pope Gregory XII
Pope Gregory XII (Latin: Gregorius XII; Italian: Gregorio XII; c. 1327 – 18 October 1417), born Angelo Corraro, Corario, or Correr, was head of the Catholic Church from 30 November 1406 to 4 July 1415. Reigning during the Western Schism, he was opposed by the Avignon claimant Benedict XIII and the Pisan claimants Alexander V and John XXIII. Gregory XII wanted to unify the Church and voluntarily resigned in 1415 to end the schism.
Open Software License
The Open Software License (OSL) is a software license created by Lawrence Rosen. The Open Source Initiative (OSI) has certified it as an open-source license, but the Debian project judged version 1.1 to be incompatible with the DFSG. The OSL is a copyleft license, with a termination clause triggered by filing a lawsuit alleging patent infringement.

Many people in the free software and open-source community feel that software patents are harmful to software, and are particularly harmful to open-source software. The OSL attempts to counteract that by creating a pool of software which a user can use if that user does not harm it by attacking it with a patent lawsuit.

Open Source Initiative
The Open Source Initiative (OSI) is an American nonprofit organization that maintains The Open Source Definition (OSD), the predominant standard for open-source software. The organization was founded in February 1998 by Bruce Perens and Eric S. Raymond, part of a group inspired by the Netscape Communications Corporation publishing the source code for its flagship Netscape Communicator product. Later, in August 1998, the organization added a board of directors.

For most of its existence, the OSI's activities have been focused on the definition and certifying software licenses as compliant with it. OSI originally had a closed organizational model, but began to switch towards a membership organization in the 2010s to raise more money and expand its activities.
Brick City (TV series)
Brick City is an American television documentary series on the Sundance Channel, created and directed by filmmakers Mark Benjamin and Marc Levin.  The series captures the daily drama of a community striving to improve. Against great odds, Newark's citizens and its mayor, Cory Booker, fight to raise the city out of nearly a half century of violence, poverty and corruption.

It won a Peabody Award in 2009 "for its honest and passionate exposition of the lives and institutions that make up a community, and for its inspiring yet sometimes skeptical look at the trials embedded within the struggle for a better future."

Sundance TV
Sundance TV (formerly known as Sundance Channel) is an American pay television channel owned by AMC Networks that launched on February 1, 1996. The channel is named after Robert Redford's character in Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid and, while it is an extension of Redford's non-profit Sundance Institute, the channel operates independently of both the Institute and the Sundance Film Festival.

Originally, Sundance was dedicated largely to airing documentaries, independent feature films, short films, world cinema, and coverage on the latest developments from each year's Sundance Film Festival. The channel has since incorporated both original and acquired programming and became fully ad-supported in 2013, with programming being edited for content soon thereafter.

As of November 2023, Sundance is available to approximately 54,000,000 pay television households in the United States-down from its 2017 peak of 71,000,000 households.
Ed Dempsey
Ed Dempsey was the head coach of the Prince George Spruce Kings of the British Columbia Hockey League. He moved to the lower-tier Spruce Kings after being dismissed as the head coach for the Prince George Cougars of the Western Hockey League.

Prince George Spruce Kings
The Prince George Spruce Kings are a junior ice hockey team based in Prince George, British Columbia, Canada. They are members of the Coastal East Division of the British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL). They play their home games at the Kopar Memorial Arena, which has a capacity of 2,112. The Spruce Kings won their first Fred Page Cup in the 2018-19 BCHL season.
Outline of anthropology
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to anthropology:

Anthropology – study of humankind. Anthropology has origins in the natural sciences – humanities – and the social sciences. The term was first used by François Péron when discussing his encounters with Aboriginal Tasmanians.

Linguistic anthropology
Linguistic anthropology is the interdisciplinary study of how language influences social life. It is a branch of anthropology that originated from the endeavor to document endangered languages and has grown over the past century to encompass most aspects of language structure and use.

Linguistic anthropology explores how language shapes communication, forms social identity and group membership, organizes large-scale cultural beliefs and ideologies, and develops a common cultural representation of natural and social worlds.
Angie Moretto
Angelo Joseph Moretto (born September 18, 1953) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey forward who played five games in the National Hockey League for the Cleveland Barons and 18 games in the World Hockey Association for the Indianapolis Racers between 1976 and 1979.

Moretto was born in Toronto, Ontario. Moretto married Donna Bucci Moretto in 1977. They have two children, Matthew Moretto and Olivia Moretto.

Cleveland Barons (NHL)
The Cleveland Barons were a professional ice hockey team based in Richfield, Ohio. They competed in the National Hockey League (NHL) as a member of the Adams Division in the Prince of Wales Conference (1976–1978). The Barons played at Richfield Coliseum. They were a relocation of the California Golden Seals franchise that had played in Oakland since 1967. After just two seasons, the team merged with the Minnesota North Stars (now the Dallas Stars). As a result, the NHL operated with 17 teams during the 1978–79 season.

Until 2024, the Barons were the last franchise in the NHL to cease operations. Ohio did not have another NHL team until the Columbus Blue Jackets joined the league 22 years later in 2000.