hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Protoculture
In physical anthropology, protoculture is the passing of behaviours from one generation to another among non-human primates.

For example, tool usage is learned between generations within chimpanzee troops.  One troop of chimpanzees may exhibit a learned behavior unique from another troop of chimpanzees, such as various tool usage.  Some chimpanzee troops have been observed consuming aspilia, for medicinal purposes, because it has been seen to remove intestinal parasites, and is otherwise unpalatable.

Biological anthropology
Biological anthropology, also known as physical anthropology, is a natural science discipline concerned with the biological and behavioral aspects of human beings, their extinct hominin ancestors, and related non-human primates, particularly from an evolutionary perspective. This subfield of anthropology systematically studies human beings from a biological perspective.
Mark A Tullos Jr.
Mark A Tullos Jr. (born January 19, 1961, in Baton Rouge, Louisiana) is an American museum director, who is the Director of the LSU Museum of Art in Baton Rouge, Louisiana He was formerly the founding President and CEO of the Mississippi Arts and Entertainment Experience in Meridian, Mississippi. He has been the Assistant Secretary for the Louisiana Office of State Museum, Director of the Louisiana State Museum in New Orleans, Louisiana.

Louisiana State Museum
The Louisiana State Museum (LSM), founded in New Orleans in 1906, is a statewide system of National Historic Landmarks and modern structures across Louisiana, housing thousands of artifacts and works of art reflecting Louisiana's legacy of historic events and cultural diversity.
Friedrichshafen FF.35
The Friedrichshafen FF.35 was a German three-seat floatplane torpedo bomber built during World War I by Friedrichshafen Flugzeugbau for the Imperial German Navy's (Kaiserliche Marine) Naval Air Service (Marine-Fliegerabteilung). Only one prototype was constructed in 1916 and it saw limited operational use during the war in Courland.

Courland
Courland is one of the Historical Latvian Lands in western Latvia. Courland's largest city is Liepāja, which is the third largest city in Latvia.

The literal meaning of the name is "Land of Curonians".
François Bocion
François-Louis David Bocion (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃swa lwi david bɔsjɔ̃]; 30 March 1828 in Lausanne – 12 December 1890 in Lausanne) was a Swiss painter, designer and art professor, known primarily for his landscapes of the area around Lake Geneva.

Vevey
Vevey (/vəˈveɪ/; French pronunciation: [vəvɛ] ⓘ; Arpitan: Vevê; former German: Vivis) is a town in Switzerland in the canton of Vaud, on the north shore of Lake Geneva, near Lausanne.  The German name Vivis is no longer commonly used.

It was the seat of the district of the same name until 2006, and is now part of the Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut District. It is part of the French-speaking area of Switzerland.

Vevey is home to the world headquarters of the international food and beverage company Nestlé, founded here in 1867. Milk chocolate was invented in Vevey by Daniel Peter in 1875, with the aid of Henri Nestlé. The English actor and comedian Charlie Chaplin resided in Vevey from 1952 until his death in 1977.
Hochkamp station
Hochkamp (German pronunciation: [ˈhoːxkamp]) railway station is on the Altona-Blankenese line and served by the city trains, located in Hamburg, Germany.

The rapid transit trains of the line S1 of the Hamburg S-Bahn call at the station in the quarter Nienstedten of the Altona borough in Hamburg. Right along the railway tracks is the border to the quarter Osdorf.
Hochkamp is a planned village (around 1900) with large lots and expensive houses.

Railway track
Railway track (CwthE and UIC terminology) or railroad track (NAmE), also known as permanent way (per way) (CwthE) or "P way" (BrE and Indian English), is the structure on a railway or railroad consisting of the rails, fasteners, sleepers (railroad ties in American English) and ballast (or slab track), plus the underlying subgrade. It enables trains to move by providing a dependable, low-friction surface on which steel wheels can roll. Early tracks were constructed with wooden or cast-iron rails, and wooden or stone sleepers. Since the 1870s, rails have almost universally been made from steel.
Dyckia
Dyckia is a genus of plants in the family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Pitcairnioideae.

The genus is named after the Prussian botanist, botanical artist and horticulturist The Prince and Earl of Salm Reifferscheid-Dyck (1773–1861).

Dyckias, with stiff and thorny leaves, prefer rocky and/or sunny areas and have a natural tendency to clump leading to thick, large mats.

The subfamily Pitcairnioideae contains several "terrestrial" members of the Bromeliaceae, with cultivated genera including Dyckia, Hechtia, Pitcairnia and Puya. They are endemic to arid and high-altitude regions of Brazil and the central part of South America.

Pitcairnioideae
Pitcairnioideae is a subfamily of the bromeliad family, Bromeliaceae. Traditionally, it was a large subfamily, comprising all those species with winged or more rarely naked seeds. Molecular phylogenetic studies showed that traditional Pitcairnioideae was not monophyletic, and the subfamily was more narrowly circumscribed. As of November 2022, the Encyclopaedia of Bromeliads placed five genera in the subfamily. Members of the subfamily are found from the Andes to the coast of Brazil, with one genus (Fosterella) found northwards to Mexico.
FlexGen Power Systems
FlexGen is a United States energy storage technology company. The company is headquartered in Durham, North Carolina and was founded in 2009.

FlexGen is the developer of the FlexGen HybridOS energy management system, which is capable of automating the dispatch of energy storage, renewable, and conventional power generation to provide enhanced capability and lower cost of energy.

FlexGen originally designed energy storage products for the United States Military, these hybrid power systems were sold to the US Marine Corps, US Army, US Navy SEALs, and the Joint Special Operations Forces-Afghanistan. Systems that were fielded in those military branches showed at least 52% reduction in fuel consumption and an 80% reduction in generator runtime.

FlexGen acquired bankrupt US storage company Powin in 2025.

United States Navy SEALs
The United States Navy Sea, Air, and Land (SEAL) Teams, commonly known as Navy SEALs, are the United States Navy's primary special operations force and a component of the United States Naval Special Warfare Command. Among the SEAL's main functions are conducting small-unit special operation missions in maritime, jungle, urban, arctic, mountainous, and desert environments. SEALs are typically ordered to capture or kill high-level targets, or to gather intelligence behind enemy lines.

SEAL team personnel are hand-selected, highly trained, and highly proficient in unconventional warfare (UW), direct action (DA), and special reconnaissance (SR), among other tasks like sabotage, demolition, intelligence gathering, and hydrographic reconnaissance, training, and advising friendly militaries or other forces. All active SEALs are members of the U.S. Navy.
Muaraketalo
Muaraketalo is a village in the Batang Hari Regency in the Jambi Province of Sumatra, Indonesia.

Nearby towns and villages include Gurun-tua (7.8 nm), Durianluncuk (4.0 nm), Jangga (7.2 nm), Mandiangin (4.1 nm) and Pulaugading (9.2 nm).

Batanghari Regency
Batanghari  (Indonesian: Kabupaten Batang Hari, literally "Stick of the Day Regency") is a regency of Jambi Province in Sumatra, Indonesia. It originally covered a wider area, but on 4 October 1999 this was split between a new Muaro Jambi Regency in the east (surrounding the city of Jambi) and a reduced Batang Hari Regency in the west, which now covers an area of 5,804.83 km2. It had a population of 241,334 at the 2010 census and 301,700 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 316,550 (comprising 161,299 males and 155,251 females). The administrative capital is the town of Muara Bulian (meaning "Bulian Estuary" or "Bulian Delta").
Cycloserine
Cycloserine, sold under the brand name Seromycin, is a GABA transaminase inhibitor and an antibiotic, used to treat tuberculosis. Specifically it is used, along with other antituberculosis medications, for active drug resistant tuberculosis. It is given by mouth.

Common side effects include allergic reactions, seizures, sleepiness, unsteadiness, and numbness. It is not recommended in people who have kidney failure, epilepsy, depression, or are alcoholics. It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe for the baby. Cycloserine is similar in structure to the amino acid D-alanine and works by interfering with the formation of the bacteria's cell wall.

Cycloserine was discovered in 1954 from a type of Streptomyces. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Oral administration
Oral administration is a route of administration whereby a substance is taken through the mouth, swallowed, and then processed via the digestive system. This is a common route of administration for many medications.

Oral administration can be easier and less painful than other routes of administration, such as injection.  However, the onset of action is relatively low, and the effectiveness is reduced if it is not absorbed properly in the digestive system, or if it is broken down by digestive enzymes before it can reach the bloodstream. Some medications may cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea or vomiting, when taken orally. Oral administration can also only be applied to conscious patients, and patients able to swallow.
Mphahlele
Mphahlele is a surname of South African origin. Notable people with this name include:

Es'kia Mphahlele (1919–2008), South African writer

Letlapa Mphahlele (born 1960), South African politician

Mash Mphahlele (born 1990), South African association football player

Ramahlwe Mphahlele (born 1990), South African association football player

Ryan Mphahlele (born 1998), South African runner

Segopotje Mphahlele (born 1968), South African judge

Ramahlwe Mphahlele
Ramahlwe Mphahlele (born 1 February 1990) is a South African association football defender and midfielder who plays for with Premier Soccer League club AmaZulu. He formerly played for Mamelodi Sundowns and Kaizer Chiefs.
Morenike Atunrase
Morenike Olayinka Atunrase (born April 14, 1986) is an American basketball player who played for the WNBA's San Antonio Silver Stars during the 2008 season. She was drafted in 2008 out of Texas A&M, where she played from 2004 to 2008.

Texas A&M Aggies women's basketball
The Texas A&M Aggies women's basketball team represents Texas A&M University (TAMU) in NCAA Division I women's basketball. The team is coached by Joni Taylor, entering her third season; she replaced Gary Blair, who retired after 37 years as a collegiate head coach, 19 of which were with TAMU. The Aggies play home games at Reed Arena, a 12,989-capacity arena in College Station, Texas on the campus of Texas A&M.

The Aggies were the 2011 NCAA Division I national champions. They beat the Notre Dame Fighting Irish 76–70. They have appeared in the NCAA tournament 18 times and garnered five conference championships.
Craichie
Craichie (Scots pronunciation: [ˈkɾeːxe]) is a hamlet in the parish of Dunnichen, Angus, Scotland. Craichie is three miles south-east of Forfar and two miles south-west of Letham, at a junction on the B9128 Carnoustie to Forfar road.

Carnoustie
Carnoustie (/kɑːrˈnuːsti/; Scottish Gaelic: Càrn Ùstaidh) is a town and former police burgh in the council area of Angus, Scotland. It is at the mouth of the Barry Burn on the North Sea coast. In the 2011 census, Carnoustie had a population of 11,394, making it the fourth-largest town in Angus.
The town was founded in the late 18th century, and grew rapidly throughout the 19th century due to the growth of the local textile industry. It was popular as a tourist resort from the early Victorian era up to the latter half of the 20th century, due to its seaside location, and is best known for the Carnoustie Golf Links course that often hosts the Open Championship.

Carnoustie can be considered a dormitory town for its nearest city, Dundee, which is 11 miles (18 kilometres) to the west. It is served principally by Carnoustie railway station, and also by Golf Street railway station. Its nearest major road is the A92, north of the town.
American Baptist Home Mission Society
The American Baptist Home Mission Society is a Christian missionary society. Its predecessor, the Home Mission Society, was established in 1832 in New York City to operate in the American frontier, with the stated mission "to preach the Gospel, establish churches and give support and ministry to the unchurched and destitute."  In the 19th century, the Home Mission Society was part of the Triennial Convention, the mainline Baptist denomination in the United States established in 1814. Today, the Home Mission Society is part of the reorganization of the Triennial Convention, the American Baptist Churches USA, reorganization by merger of the several Triennial societies and organizations related to missions and work, including publications (1824), women (1877), and education (1888).

Spelman College
Spelman College is a private, historically Black, women's liberal arts college in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It is a founding member of the  Atlanta University Center academic consortium. Founded in 1881 as the Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary, Spelman awarded its first college degrees in 1901 and is the oldest private historically Black liberal arts institution for women.
Mystic Falls
Mystic Falls is a 70-foot (21 m) cascade type waterfall on the Little Firehole River, a tributary of the Firehole River.  Originally named Little Firehole Falls by members of the 1872 Hayden Geologic Survey, the name was changed to Mystic Falls by members of the Arnold Hague Geological Survey in 1885 for unknown reasons.
Mystic Falls is reached via the 1.2 miles (1.9 km) Mystic Falls Trail which starts at Biscuit Basin in the Upper Geyser Basin.

Firehole River
The Firehole River is located in northwestern Wyoming, and is one of the two major tributaries of the Madison River. It flows north approximately 21 miles (34 km) from its source in Madison Lake on the Continental Divide to join the Gibbon River at Madison Junction in Yellowstone National Park. It is part of the Missouri River system.
Karanjani
Karanjani is a small village in Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra state in Western India. The 2011 Census of India recorded a total of 1,097 residents in the village. Karanjani's geographical area is 941 hectares (2,330 acres).

Ratnagiri district
Ratnagiri district (Marathi pronunciation: [ɾət̪n̪aːɡiɾiː]) is a district in the state of Maharashtra, India. The administrative headquarter of the district is located in the town of Ratnagiri. The district is 11.34% urban. The district is bounded by the Arabian Sea to the west, Sindhudurg district to the south, Raigad district to the north and Satara, Sangli and Kolhapur districts to the east. This district is part of Konkan division.
Ferdinand (soundtrack)
Ferdinand (Music from the Motion Picture) is the soundtrack extended play that accompanied the 2017 film of the same name, released by Island Records on December 1, 2017. The album featured three original songs, with two of them being released as singles: "Home" and "Watch Me" performed by Nick Jonas. The score album, composed by John Powell, was released as Ferdinand (Original Motion Picture Score) by Fox Music on December 15, 2017.

Batu Sener
Batu Sener is a Los Angeles-based composer, orchestrator, and arranger, known for his work on the Ice Age franchise, Harold and the Purple Crayon, and Better Man.

He actively works alongside Oscar-nominated composer John Powell and has written additional music for films including Pan, Jason Bourne, Ferdinand, Solo: A Star Wars Story, as well as How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World, Migration and most recently Wicked and the live-action remake of How to Train Your Dragon.

His recent works include the studio album Lugano Impressions, an a cappella choir single titled 'LII Dies Tenebrarum,' and the score for the film Better Man, which earned him his AACTA Award for Best Original Music Score. He was a nominee for Breakthrough Composer of the Year in 2022 at IFMCA Awards.
Acadêmicos do Grande Rio
The Grêmio Recreativo Escola de Samba Acadêmicos do Grande Rio is a samba school of the Special Group of the carnival of the city of Rio de Janeiro, being headquartered on Almirante Barroso street in Duque de Caxias.

Bateria
The term bateria means “drum kit” in Portuguese and Spanish. In Brazil, the word is also used for a form of Brazilian samba band, the percussion band or rhythm section of a Samba School.

Baterias are also used to accompany the Brazilian martial art, capoeira.
Kwaaihoek
Kwaaihoek is a rocky headland on the coast of Algoa Bay, at Boknesstrand near Bushman's River Mouth in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. It is a section of the Addo Elephant National Park. It is here that the Portuguese navigator Bartolomeu Dias erected the Padrão de São Gregório, his first padrão, or stone cross on 12 March 1488. First visited by Robert Jacob Gordon on 13 February 1786, remnants of the cross were rediscovered in 1938 by E. Axelson and transferred to the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg.

Shortly after midnight on 17 July 1755 and 34 kilometres (21 mi) away from Kwaaihoek, the East Indiaman Doddington struck the south-eastern corner of the low-lying Bird Island (or Chaos Island as it was then known).  She went down within 20 minutes, with only 23 of the 270 passengers and crew surviving. They were marooned on the island for seven months, before they managed to make their way to India on a sloop they built on the island.

Doddington (ship)
Doddington was an East Indiaman of the British East India Company (EIC). She made two trips for the EIC to Bombay, China, and Mokha. On her third trip she was sailing to India to remain there when she was wrecked on 17 July 1755 at Bird Island in Algoa Bay, near present-day Port Elizabeth. The ship was carrying a hoard of gold belonging to Clive of India, which modern treasure hunters looted. The controversy over these depredations resulted in changes to international maritime treaties to better protect underwater cultural heritage.
Aquae Caeretanae
Aquae Caeretanae were large and elaborate ancient Roman thermal baths at Pian della Carlotta, about 2 km north west of the village of Sasso in the province Lazio. They used the natural hot springs there and are located in a beautiful rural location overlooking the sea. They were in the territory of the ancient Etruscan city of Caere from which their name was derived.

They were only rediscovered in 1987. Their existence was known from Strabo (63 BC-24 AD) who wrote:
"They were so famous as to be more populated than Caere itself".

Livy (59 BC-17 AD) also noted that wonders occurred during the Second Punic War which led to the red colouring of the waters of the fons Herculis at the Aquae Caeretanae as though mixed with blood.

Caelius Aurelianus, physician and supporter of hydrotherapy, wrote in the 5th century AD that they were the hottest thermal waters in Italy.

Caere
Caere (also Caisra and Cisra) is the Latin name given by the Romans to one of the larger cities of southern Etruria, the modern Cerveteri, approximately 50–60 kilometres north-northwest of Rome. To the Etruscans it was known as Cisra, to the Greeks as Agylla and to the Phoenicians as 𐤊𐤉𐤔𐤓𐤉𐤀 (KYŠRYʼ).

Caere was one of the most important and populous Etruscan city-states, in area 15 times larger than today's town, and only Tarquinia was equal in power at its height around 600 BC. Caere was also one of the cities of the Etruscan League.
Its sea port and monumental sanctuary at Pyrgi was important for overseas trade.
Today, the area of Cerveteri is best known for its Etruscan necropolis and archaeological treasures.
Gorwa
Gorwa is a residential-commercial area in the Vadodara district of the Gujarat State in India.  Gorwa lies on the north-western part of the Vadodara Municipal Corporation (VMC) limits.  It is also known as 'Gorva'. The place is famous due to 'Gorwa lake', which lies in the downtown of this settlement. Situated alomost on the border of the urban city limits, Gorwa situated in the middle of the Bhailal Amin Road in Vadodara. Gorwa has mixture of both residential and commercial sites along with numerous restaurants, medical centers and one of the biggest and the oldest vegetable market of Vadodara.

Vadodara district
Vadodara district, also known as Baroda district, is situated in the eastern part of the state of Gujarat in western India. The administrative headquarters of the district is the city of Vadodara (Baroda). The district covers an area of 7,794 km2 and had a population of 4,165,626 as of 2011. Out of this population, 49.6% were urban, 50.4% were rural, 5.3% were Scheduled Castes and 27.6% were Scheduled Tribes. As of 2011, Vadodara district is the third most populous district of Gujarat, out of 34 districts in the state.
Figure 8 (album)
Figure 8 is the fifth studio album by American singer-songwriter Elliott Smith, and the final album released during his lifetime. It was recorded from 1998 to 2000 at numerous studios and released on April 18, 2000, through DreamWorks Records. Preceded by the singles "Happiness" and "Son of Sam", Figure 8 was Smith's second release on a major label.

DreamWorks Records
DreamWorks Records (often referred in copyright notices as SKG Music, LLC) was an American record label founded in 1996 by David Geffen, Mo Ostin, his son Michael Ostin and Lenny Waronker as a subsidiary of DreamWorks Pictures. The label operated until January 9, 2005, when it was sold to Universal Music Group. The label itself also featured a Nashville, Tennessee-based subsidiary, DreamWorks Nashville, which specialized in country music and was shut down in 2005 then moved to MCA Nashville. The company's logo was designed by Roy Lichtenstein and was his last commission before his death on September 29, 1997. DreamWorks Pictures's DreamWorks Records catalogue is managed by Music Corporation of America, while its DreamWorks Nashville catalogue is managed by MCA Nashville.
Jean-Philippe Durand
Jean-Philippe Durand (born 11 November 1960) is a French former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

In his playing career, he played for Olympique Marseille and France at Euro 1992. Whilst at Marseille, he played in the victorious 1993 UEFA Champions League Final.

French Football Federation
The French Football Federation (abbr. FFF and 3F; or Triple F; French: Fédération Française de Football, pronounced [fedeʁɑsjɔ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛːz də futbol]) is the governing body of football in France. It was formed in 1919 and is based in the capital, Paris. The FFF is a founding member of FIFA and is responsible for overseeing all aspects of the game of football in France, both professional and amateur. The French Football Federation is a founding member of UEFA and joined FIFA in 1907 after replacing the USFSA, who were founding members.
Tyumentsev
Tyumentsev is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrey Tyumentsev (born 1963), Soviet handball player

Daniil Tyumentsev (born 1997), Russian footballer

Sergei Tyumentsev (born 1976), Russian footballer

Vladimir Tyumentsev (born 1982), Russian freestyle skier

Andrey Tyumentsev
Andrey Alekseevich Tyumentsev (Russian: Андрей Алексеевич Тюменцев; born May 6, 1963, in Vladivostok) is a former Soviet/Russian handball player who competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics.

In 1988, he won the gold medal with the Soviet team. He played all six matches and scored 21 goals. He was mainly used as a substitute to Georgi Sviridenko.

At the 1990 World Championship he reached the final, where the Soviet Union lost to Sweden.