hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hyperforeignism
A hyperforeignism is a type of hypercorrection where speakers identify an inaccurate pattern in loanwords from a foreign language and then apply that pattern to other loanwords (either from the same language or a different one). This results in a pronunciation of those loanwords which does not reflect the rules of either language. For example, the ⟨n⟩ in habanero is pronounced as [n] in Spanish, but English-speakers often pronounce it as /nj/, as if the word were spelled habañero.

Hyperforeignisms can manifest in a number of ways, including the application of the spelling or pronunciation rules of one language to a word borrowed from another.

Intentional hyperforeignisms can be used for comedic effect, such as pronouncing Report with a silent ⟨t⟩ in The Colbert Report or pronouncing Target as /tɑːrˈʒeɪ/ tar-ZHAY, as though it were an upscale boutique. This form of hyperforeignism is a way of poking fun at those who earnestly adopt foreign-sounding pronunciations of pseudo-loanwords.

Voiceless postalveolar fricative
A voiceless postalveolar fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. It is familiar to English-speakers as the "sh" sound in "ship".

The International Phonetic Association uses the phrase voiceless postalveolar fricative for the sibilant sound [ ʃ ], though technically it also describes the voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative [ɹ̠̊˔], for which there are significant perceptual differences.
Lucas Engel
Lucas Feltes Engel (born 1 December 1981) is a Brazilian former professional tennis player.

A native of Novo Hamburgo, Engel competed in ATP Challenger and ITF Futures events, reaching a career high singles ranking of 297 in the world. He won six Futures singles titles and was a semi-finalist at the 2006 Joinville Challenger, with wins over Ricardo Mello and André Sá. In doubles, Engel was ranked as high as 207 and won the 2007 Florianópolis Challenger, along with 10 Futures tournaments.

In 2020 it was revealed that Engel was undergoing chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Engel's younger brother, Thomás, was a promising junior tennis player who in 2001, at the age of 16, was killed in a police shooting. He was being searched by police at the time and was on his back when he was fired upon. A police lieutenant was convicted of murder.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), also known as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, is a group of blood cancers that includes all types of lymphomas except Hodgkin lymphomas. Symptoms include enlarged lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, weight loss, and tiredness. Other symptoms may include bone pain, chest pain, or itchiness. Some forms are slow-growing while others are fast-growing. Unlike Hodgkin lymphoma, which often spreads in an orderly pattern between nearby lymph nodes, NHL can involve multiple parts of the body and may not follow a predictable spread.
Roulstone
Roulstone is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Roulstone (1890–1965), British World War I flying ace

Doug Roulstone (born 1950), United States Navy officer and politician

Frank Roulstone (1862–1939), English footballer

George Roulstone (1767–1804), founder of The Knoxville Gazette

Walter Roulstone (1866–1953), English footballer

Alexander Roulstone
Captain Alexander Roulstone MC (10 October 1890 – December 1965) was a British World War I flying ace credited with eight aerial victories. He scored his victories, and downed two German aces, while handicapped by flying bombers.
Qura al-Sham
Qura al-Sham (Arabic: قرى الشام, romanized: Qurā al-Shām) is a Syrian village in the Qudsaya District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Qura al-Sham had a population of 1,067 in the 2004 census.

Until 2024, the village was known as Qura al-Assad (Arabic: قرى الأسد).

Rif Dimashq Governorate
Rif Dimashq Governorate (Arabic: محافظة ريف دمشق, romanized: Moḥaafaẓat Reef Demashq, lit. "Damascus Countryside" or "Damascus Suburbs") is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in the southwestern part of the country. It borders the governorates of Quneitra, Daraa and Suwayda in the southwest, Homs in the north, Lebanon in the west and Jordan in the south. The capital is the city of Douma.

The Governorate completely surrounds the city and governorate of Damascus and it has an area of 18,032 km² and a population of 2,273,074 (2004 census).

The Governorate was a major site of fighting in the Syrian Civil War in the Rif Dimashq Governorate campaign.
Anne Burr
Anne Burr McDermott (born Anne Elizabeth Burr; June 10, 1918 - February 1, 2003) was an American actress who appeared on the stage, and in television, radio, and film in the 1940s and 1950s. She made her Broadway debut in Orson Welles's Native Son in 1941, and appeared with frequency on the New York stage through 1952. She appeared in several minor roles in films, beginning with the parts of Ruth in Child of Divorce (1946) and Judy Clark in The Devil on Wheels (1947). In 1947, she portrayed Viola in the first unabridged televised production of William Shakespeare's Twelfth Night. She became one of the world's first soap opera stars, first appearing in the earliest years of that genre as Dr. Eve Allen, one of the first women doctors portrayed on television,  in The Greatest Gift (1954-1955). She was an original cast member of As the World Turns, starring as Claire from 1956 until 1959, when she retired from acting.

The Devil on Wheels
The Devil On Wheels is a 1947 American drama film directed by Crane Wilbur and starring Darryl Hickman.

In addition to being the first film about street racing youth, it is also notable for being one of the first films to feature actresses (Terry Moore and Noreen Nash) wearing bikini tops.

A few scenes from one of the street races depicted were later reused in the opening of the 1950 film Hot Rod, also about street racing in Southern California.
Des Moines City Council
The Des Moines City Council is the legislative branch that governs the city of Des Moines, Iowa, and its more than 214,000 citizens. It has seven members, including the mayor, two of whom are elected at large and four of whom represent the city's four wards. All serve four-year terms. Des Moines has a council–manager form of government.

Council–manager government
The council–manager government is a form of local government commonly used for municipalities and counties in the United States, in Ireland, in city, district, and regional councils in New Zealand, and in Canadian municipalities. In the council-manager government, an elected city council hires a manager to serve as chief executive; this manager can be replaced by a simple majority at any time.
Foxburrow Wood
Foxburrow Wood is a  6.1-hectare (15-acre) Local Nature Reserve in Rainham in Kent. It is owned and managed by Medway Council.

This is a remnant of a much larger historic wood, and it has flora which are indicators of ancient woodland such as herb paris and bluebells.

There is access from Mierscourt Road and Deanwood Drive.

Paris quadrifolia
Paris quadrifolia, the herb Paris or true lover's knot, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. It occurs in temperate and cool areas throughout Eurasia, from Spain to Yakutia, and from Iceland to Mongolia. It prefers calcareous soils and lives in damp and shady places, especially old established woods and stream banks.

P. quadrifolia is in decline in Europe due to loss of habitat. In Iceland, for example, it is on the red list.
Prince Jacques of Bourbon-Parma
Prince Jacques of Bourbon-Parma (Jacques Marie Antoine Robert Valdemar Charles Felix Sixte Ansger; 9 June 1922 – 5 November 1964) was a French prince, pilot and racing car driver, from the House of Bourbon-Parma.

He was the brother of Anne of Romania and a first cousin of Tsar Boris III of Bulgaria and Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg.

House of Bourbon-Parma
The House of Bourbon-Parma (Italian: Casa di Borbone di Parma) is an Italian cadet branch of the Spanish royal family, whose members once ruled as King of Etruria and as Duke of Parma and Piacenza, Guastalla, and Lucca. The House descended from the French Capetian dynasty in male line. Its name of Bourbon-Parma comes from the main name (Bourbon) and the other (Parma) from the title of Duke of Parma. The title was held by the Spanish Bourbons, as the founder Philip, Duke of Parma who was the great-grandson of Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma, married Louise Élisabeth of France, getting the house of Bourbon, and the state of Parma, together.
The House of Bourbon-Parma is today the Sovereign House of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (agnatically) and all members of the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg are members of the House of Bourbon-Parma with the title of "Princes/Princesses" and the predicate of Royal Highness.
Unsolved Mysteries season 17
The seventeenth season of Unsolved Mysteries, billed as Volume 4 and Volume 5, is part of a reboot revival of the long-running American television series, created by John Cosgrove and Terry Dunn Meurer. Volume 4 premiered on Netflix July 31, 2024. It consists of 5 episodes.

Like the previous seasons released by Netflix, there is no host or narrator. However, an image of longtime host Robert Stack is shown in the title sequence of each episode. A fifth volume, consisting of an additional four episodes, was announced on July 31, 2024 and premiered October 2, 2024.

Title sequence
A title sequence (also called an opening sequence or intro) is the method by which films or television programmes present their title and key production and cast members, utilizing conceptual visuals and sound (often an opening theme song with visuals, akin to a brief music video). It typically includes (or begins) the text of the opening credits, and helps establish the setting and tone of the program. It may consist of live action, animation, music, still images and graphics. In some films, the title sequence is preceded by a cold open.
Cippenham
Cippenham is a suburb  of Slough. Close by are the neighbouring towns and villages of Beaconsfield, Farnham Common, Burnham, Gerrards Cross, Stoke Poges, Windsor and Taplow.

Originally part of the parish of Burnham in the county of Buckinghamshire, England, Cippenham was transferred to Slough in 1930, and therefore transferred to Berkshire in 1974. Slough became a unitary authority on 1 April 1998, when Berkshire County Council and the 1973–1998 Borough were abolished.

Farnham Common
Farnham Common is a village in
southern Buckinghamshire, England, 3 miles north of Slough and 3 miles south of Beaconsfield, on the A355 road. It adjoins the ancient woodland of Burnham Beeches, has an area of 2.5 miles and a population of around 6,000. It is in the civil parish of Farnham Royal.
Jerwood Sculpture Prize
The Jerwood Sculpture Prize was launched in 2001 as an initiative of the Jerwood Foundation. This commissioning prize aims to give support to emerging talent within the medium of outdoor sculpture. Since the inaugural Prize, the intention has been that the commissioned work joins the Jerwood Foundation's sculpture collection at Ragley Hall.

Originally open to artists under the age of 35, the second year of the prize saw the modification of the entry criteria so that all artists who are within 15 years of graduation from a recognised School of Art are eligible. Also, to remove anxieties about production and casting costs, the second year saw an increase in the value of the Prize, rising from £20,000 to £25,000.

It has evolved that the commission is offered approximately every eighteen months, as each Prize Year sees the full completion of the commission before the next Prize is launched.

Ragley Hall
Ragley Hall in the parish of Arrow in Warwickshire is a stately home, located south of Alcester and eight miles (13 km) west of Stratford-upon-Avon. It is the ancestral seat of the Seymour-Conway family, Marquesses of Hertford.
Gandhi Teerth
Gandhi Teerth (Gandhi Research Foundation) is a research institution and museum on Mahatma Gandhi, in Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India. Located 60 km away from Ajanta Caves. It was established on 25 March 2012. It's initiated and promoted by the Gandhi Foundation.

Gandhi Research Foundation (GRF), was inaugurated by President of India, Pratibha Patil on 25 March 2012. It was founded by Bhavarlal Jain.

The structure was built in Jodhpur stone. It includes an auditorium, an amphitheatre, meeting/classrooms and guest houses.

The library and archives have specially treated preserved historic documents for researchers on Gandhiji. There is a shop having Khadi clothing, handmade gift items and Gandhian literature.

Pratibha Patil
Pratibha Devisingh Patil (born 19 December 1934), also known as Pratibha Patil Shekhawat, is an Indian politician and lawyer who served as the  president of India from 2007 to 2012. She was the first woman to become the president of India. A member of the Indian National Congress, she also served as the Governor of Rajasthan from 2004 to 2007, and was a member of the Lok Sabha from 1991 to 1996.
Reginald Brindle
Reginald Gordon Brindle (3 October 1925 – 16 March 1998) was an English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Warwickshire in a single match in 1949. He was a right-handed middle-order batsman. He was born at Warrington, then in Lancashire and died at Newton-le-Willows, Lancashire.

Brindle played for Warwickshire's second eleven in 1948 and 1949 and his only experience of first-class cricket came in a match against Combined Services in 1949 where the Warwickshire side was composed largely of second-team players; he made 42 and 32 in his two innings, but did not rate a second chance and disappeared from county cricket at the end of the same season.

Combined Services cricket team
The Combined Services cricket team represents the British Armed Forces. The team played at first-class level in England for more than 40  years in the mid-20th century. Their first first-class match was against Gentlemen of England at Lord's in 1920, while their last was against Oxford University at Aldershot in 1964. Combined Services have continued to play cricket thereafter, albeit at minor level.
Tussy, Oklahoma
Tussy is an unincorporated community in Carter and Garvin counties, Oklahoma, United States. Tussy is 5 miles (8.0 km) west-northwest of Tatums.  The post office was established March 1, 1890. The town of Tussy was named for Henry B. Tussy, rancher and cattleman.

Tatums, Oklahoma
Tatums is a historic Freedmen's town in Carter County, Oklahoma, United States. As of the 2020 census, Tatums had a population of 111. It is part of the Ardmore, Oklahoma, Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Jon Grunseth
Jon Rieder Grunseth (born November 11, 1945) is an American businessman and former politician from the state of Minnesota. He was the 1990 Independent-Republican nominee for Governor of Minnesota. Grunseth won his party's endorsement and its primary election, but was forced to quit the race nine days before election day in the wake of a scandal. Until the 1990 governor's race, Grunseth had been the Vice President of Public Affairs at Ecolab, and chair of the Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association. After the scandal, he lost his job at Ecolab, and later moved to Australia, where he ran a cherry-growing operation.

Governor of Minnesota
The governor of Minnesota is the head of government of the state of Minnesota, leading the state's executive branch. Forty people have been governor of Minnesota, and previously three of Minnesota Territory. Alexander Ramsey, the first territorial governor, also served as state governor several years later.  State governors are elected to office by popular vote; territorial governors were appointed to the office by the United States president. The current governor of Minnesota is Tim Walz of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL), affiliated with the Democratic Party.
Ligidium hypnorum
Ligidium hypnorum is a species of woodlouse found across Europe and western Asia. It is a fast-moving, active species that rarely grows longer than 9 mm (0.35 in). It is dark and shiny, and is similar in appearance to the common species Philoscia muscorum, and also the rarer Oritoniscus flavus. In Great Britain, it was first discovered at Copthorne Common, Surrey, in 1873, and most later records are also from South East England. It is considered a good indicator species for ancient woodland.

Philoscia muscorum
Philoscia muscorum, the common striped woodlouse or fast woodlouse, is a common European woodlouse. It is widespread in Europe, the British Isles and is found from southern Scandinavia to Ukraine and Greece. It has also spread to Washington and many states in New England, also the mid-Atlantic states of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, as well as Nova Scotia.
Barranca de Oblatos
Barranca de Oblatos (English: Oblatos Canyon), also known as Barranca de Huentitán, is a canyon carved by the Río Grande de Santiago in Mexico in the state of Jalisco. It lies on  the northeast side of the municipality of Guadalajara and on the edge of the municipalities of Tonalá, Zapotlanejo, Ixtlahuacán del Río and Zapopan in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area.

Its beauty and structure make it physically resemble a smaller version of the Grand Canyon in the United States, or Barranca del Cobre in Chihuahua.

It includes approximately 1,137 hectares (2,810 acres) and it has an average depth of 600 metres (2,000 ft). The difference in elevation between the rim of the canyon (1,520 metres (4,990 ft)) and the river (1,000 metres (3,300 ft)) is 520 metres (1,710 ft) at the point of a funicular. This canyon is also named Oblatos-Huentitán due to the areas in the city crossed by it, called Oblatos and Huentitán respectively.

Tonalá, Jalisco
Tonalá (Spanish pronunciation: [tonaˈla]) is a city and municipality within the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area in the state of Jalisco in Mexico. With a population of 442,440, it is the fourth largest city in the state, the other three being the other major population centres in the metro area: Guadalajara, Zapopan, and Tlaquepaque. It is best known as a major handcrafts center for Jalisco, especially pottery, as well as its very large Thursday and Sunday street market, dedicated to handcrafts.
Jack Twist
Jack Twist is a fictional character in the short story "Brokeback Mountain" by Annie Proulx, the 2005 Academy Award-winning film adaptation of the same name directed by Ang Lee, and the 2023 play by Ashley Robinson also adapted from the short story. In the film, he is portrayed by American actor Jake Gyllenhaal, who received a BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance. Jack's story primarily follows the complex sexual and romantic relationship he has with Ennis Del Mar in the American West from 1963 to 1983.

Brokeback Mountain (play)
Brokeback Mountain is a 2023 play written by Ashley Robinson. It is an adaptation of an award-winning 1997 short story by Annie Proulx. The play has songs written by Dan Gillespie Sells and direction by Jonathan Butterell. It had its world premiere at @sohoplace in London's West End in May 2023.
Fortified Sector of Lille
The Fortified Sector of Lille (Secteur Fortifié de Lille) was the French military organization that in 1940 controlled the section of the French border with Belgium opposite Lille. The sector was part of a system of fortifications that included the Maginot Line in other sectors. In the case of the Lille sector, no large fortifications of the kind typified by the Maginot Line were built in the area.  Fortifications were confined to  a total of 65 blockhouses and 23 infantry shelters within a few kilometers of the border, mainly between Roubaix and Tourcoing and the border. The Fortified Sector of Lille was bordered on the east by the Fortified Sector of the Escaut and on the west by the Fortified Sector of Flanders. The sector figured in the Pillbox affair of 1939-40. It was quickly overrun by German forces during the Battle of France.

Tourcoing
Tourcoing (French: [tuʁkwɛ̃] ⓘ; Dutch: Toerkonje [tuːrˈkɔɲə]; West Flemish: Terkoeje; Picard: Tourco) is a city in northern France on the Belgian border. It is designated municipally as a commune within the department of Nord. Located to the north-northeast of Lille, adjacent to Roubaix, Tourcoing is the chef-lieu of two cantons and the fourth largest city in the French region of Hauts-de-France ranked by population with about 97,000 inhabitants.

Together with the cities of Lille, Roubaix, Villeneuve-d'Ascq and eighty-six other communes, Tourcoing is part of four-city-centred metropolitan area inhabited by more than 1.1 million people: the Métropole Européenne de Lille. To a greater extent, Tourcoing belongs to a vast conurbation formed with the Belgian cities of Mouscron, Kortrijk and Tournai, which gave birth to the first European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation in January 2008, Lille–Kortrijk–Tournai with an aggregate of just over 2 million inhabitants.
True self and false self
The true self (also known as real self, authentic self, original self and vulnerable self) and the false self (also known as fake self, idealized self, superficial self and pseudo self) are a psychological dualism conceptualized by English psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott. Winnicott used "true self" to denote a sense of self based on spontaneous authentic experience and a feeling of being alive, having a real self with little to no contradiction. "False self", by contrast, denotes a sense of self created as a defensive facade, which in extreme cases can leave an individual lacking spontaneity and feeling dead and empty behind an inconsistent and incompetent appearance of being real, such as in narcissism.

Neville Symington
Neville Symington  (3 July 1937 – 3 December 2019) was a  member of the Middle Group of British Psychoanalysts which argues that the primary motivation of the child is object-seeking rather than drive gratification. He published a number of books on psychoanalytic topics, and was President of the Australian Psychoanalytical Society from 1999 to 2002.
Bizarre (TV series)
Bizarre is a Canadian sketch comedy television series that aired from 1980 to 1986. Hosted by John Byner, the series was produced by CTV at the CFTO's Glen Warren Studios in Scarborough, Ontario. It was initially broadcast in Canada on CTV and in the United States on Showtime.

CFTO-DT
CFTO-DT (channel 9, cable channel 8) is a television station in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, serving as the flagship station of the CTV Television Network, a division of Bell Media. It is sister to Barrie-based CTV2 flagship CKVR-DT, channel 3 (although the two stations maintain separate operations). CFTO-DT's studios are located at 9 Channel Nine Court in the former city of Scarborough, and its transmitter is located atop the CN Tower in Downtown Toronto. The station shares the Agincourt studio complex with CTV's national headquarters, which includes studios for the network's news programming (CTV National News and the CTV News Channel), along with most of Bell Media's specialty channels.
Ian Cox (cricketer)
Ian Cox (born 24 February 1967) is a former English cricketer.  Cox was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace.  He was born at Heathfield, Sussex.

Cox represented the Sussex Cricket Board in a single List A match against Hertfordshire in the 1999 NatWest Trophy, scoring 10 runs.

Hertfordshire County Cricket Club
Hertfordshire County Cricket Club is one of twenty minor county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Hertfordshire.

The team is currently a member of the Minor Counties Championship Eastern Division and plays in the MCCA Knockout Trophy. Hertfordshire played List A matches occasionally from 1964 until 2004 but is not classified as a List A team per se.

The club is based at Balls Park, Hertford and also plays matches around the county at Cricket Field Lane in Bishop's Stortford, Long Marston, Brunton Memorial Ground in Radlett and North Mymms.