hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2024 West Bengal floods
The 2024 West Bengal floods occurred in mid-September 2024, primarily affecting the southern regions of the state. The floods were triggered by a combination of heavy rainfall due to a deep depression over the Bay of Bengal and the release of water from dams managed by the Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC). The event led to widespread damage, displacement, and loss of life across several districts of West Bengal.

Damodar Valley Corporation
Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) is a statutory corporation which operates in the Damodar River area of West Bengal and Jharkhand states of India to handle the Damodar Valley Project, the first multipurpose river valley project of independent India. Astrophysicist Meghnad Saha played a pioneering role in conceptualizing and advocating for the Damodar Valley Project. DVC operates both thermal power stations and hydel power stations under the ownership of Ministry of Power, Government of India. DVC is headquartered in the Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

DVC is currently undergoing corporatization and restructuring to explore the possibility of an IPO to raise funds for expansion.
The Christmas Toy
The Christmas Toy is a 1986 television film directed by Eric Till and produced by The Jim Henson Company, featuring Jim Henson's Muppets, including Rugby the Tiger, who remembers being last year's Christmas Toy and thinks that he will be unwrapped again this year. The film, which originally aired on December 6, 1986, on ABC, was sponsored by Kraft Foods.

Originally introduced by Kermit the Frog, it was released on VHS format in 1993. In 2008, HIT Entertainment, distributed by Lionsgate, released the special on DVD, with Kermit's opening introduction edited out due to legal issues with The Walt Disney Company, which had owned the rights to him since 2004. When the film was released on Amazon Prime, Kermit's scenes were restored.

The film later inspired a spin-off television series, Secret Life of Toys (1994).

Lionsgate Films
Lionsgate Films, previously spelled as Lions Gate and formerly known as Cinépix Film Properties, is a Canadian-American film production and distribution company founded in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, on June 15, 1962. Headquartered in Santa Monica, California, it is owned by Lionsgate Studios since May 14, 2024.

Lionsgate is the second-largest and most successful mini-major film studio in North America. The studio focuses on foreign and independent films and has distributed various commercially successful film franchises, including Saw, The Hunger Games, Rambo, Divergent, The Punisher, John Wick, Madea, Blair Witch, Now You See Me, Hostel, The Expendables, Sinister, The Twilight Saga, Step Up, and Den of Thieves.
2009 Eurocup Mégane Trophy
The 2009 Eurocup Mégane Trophy season was the fifth Eurocup Mégane Trophy season. The season began at Circuit de Catalunya on 18 April and finished at the Ciudad del Motor de Aragón on 25 October, after seven rounds and fourteen races. Mike Verschuur won the title, having battled Jonathan Hirschi for the entire campaign.

Eurocup Mégane Trophy
The Renault Eurocup Mégane Trophy was a one-make racing series created and managed by Renault Sport. The  series has raced with the Renault Mégane Renault Sport since 2005 as part of the World Series by Renault. The Renault Eurocup has run with various models under differing names since 1976.
Subdivisions of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
The subdivisions of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (initially known as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes) existed successively in three different forms.  From 1918 to 1922, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia maintained the pre-World War I subdivisions of Yugoslavia's predecessor states.  In 1922, the state was divided into 33 oblasts or provinces and, in 1929, a new system of nine banates (in Serbo-Croatian, the word for "banate" is banovina) was implemented.

Kruševac
Kruševac (Serbian Cyrillic: Крушевац, pronounced [krûʃeʋats] ⓘ) is a city and the administrative center of the Rasina District in central Serbia. It is located in the valley of West Morava, on Rasina river. According to the 2022 census, the city administrative area has a population of 113,582 while the urban area has 68,119 inhabitants.

The city was founded in 1371, by Prince Lazar of Serbia (1371–1389), who used it as his seat.
Kronecker–Weber theorem
In algebraic number theory, it can be shown that every cyclotomic field is an abelian extension of the rational number field Q, having Galois group of the form . The Kronecker–Weber theorem provides a partial converse: every finite abelian extension of Q is contained within some cyclotomic field. In other words, every algebraic integer whose Galois group is abelian can be expressed as a sum of roots of unity with rational coefficients. For example,

and

The theorem is named after Leopold Kronecker and Heinrich Martin Weber.

Algebraic integer
In algebraic number theory, an algebraic integer is a complex number that is integral over the integers. That is, an algebraic integer is a complex root of some monic polynomial (a polynomial whose leading coefficient is 1) whose coefficients are integers. The set of all algebraic integers A is closed under addition, subtraction and multiplication and therefore is a commutative subring of the complex numbers.

The ring of integers of a number field K, denoted by OK, is the intersection of K and A: it can also be characterized as the maximal order of the field K. Each algebraic integer belongs to the ring of integers of some number field. A number α is an algebraic integer if and only if the ring  is finitely generated as an abelian group, which is to say, as a -module.
Crater Flat
Crater Flat is a flat in the Amargosa Desert in Nye County, western Nevada. The flat lies between Yucca Mountain on the east and the Bare Mountains to the west. The south end of the flat borders the Amargosa Valley.

Crater Flat contains five isolated volcanic cones including Black Cone, a basaltic scoria cone. The Lathrop Wells volcanic center lies on the southern margin of the flat just north of US Route 95. The Crater Flat cones vary in age from 1.5 million years for the northern cones to around 80 thousand years for the Lathrop Wells center. The area is part of the Southwest Nevada volcanic field.

Flat (landform)
A flat is a relatively level surface of land within a region of greater relief, such as hills or mountains, usually used in the plural. The term is often used to name places with such features, for example, Yucca Flat or Henninger Flats.

Flat is also used to describe other level geographic areas as mud flats or salt flats.
Nicolas Tournadre
Nicolas Tournadre is a professor at the University of Provence specializing in morphosyntax and typology. He is a member of the LACITO lab of the CNRS.

His research mainly deals with ergative morphosyntax and grammatical semantics of tense, aspect, mood and evidentiality.

Tournadre specializes in Tibetic languages. Since 1986, he has carried out fieldwork on the Tibetan High Plateau, in the Himalayas and the Karakoram in China, India, Bhutan, Nepal and Pakistan.

Tournadre taught at the Institute of Oriental Languages (Inalco), at the Paris 8 University, at the University of Virginia and conducted research in the Tibet Academy of Social Sciences.

He obtained his Ph.D. in 1992 at the University of Paris III: Sorbonne Nouvelle under the supervision of Claude Hagège.

In 2000, he was awarded the CNRS Bronze Medal.

Evidentiality
In linguistics, evidentiality is, broadly, the indication of the nature of evidence for a given statement; that is, whether evidence exists for the statement and if so, what kind. An evidential (also verificational or validational) is the particular grammatical element (affix, clitic, or particle) that indicates evidentiality. Languages with only a single evidential have had terms such as mediative, médiatif, médiaphorique, and indirective used instead of evidential.

Evidentiality may be direct or indirect: direct evidentials are used to describe information directly perceived by the speaker through vision as well as other sensory experiences while indirect evidentials consist of the other grammatical markers for evidence such as quotatives and inferentials.
Reuben Wilson
Reuben Wilson (April 9, 1935 – May 26, 2023) was an American jazz organist in the soul jazz tradition. Widely sampled and influential among acid jazz musicians, he is best known for his album Got to Get Your Own.

Soul jazz
Soul jazz or funky jazz is a subgenre of jazz that incorporates strong influences from hard bop, blues, soul, gospel and rhythm and blues. Soul jazz is often characterized by organ trios featuring the Hammond organ and small combos including saxophone, brass instruments, electric guitar, bass, drums, piano, vocals and electric organ. Its origins were in the 1950s and early 1960s, with its heyday with popular audiences preceding the rise of jazz fusion in the late 1960s and 1970s. Prominent names in fusion ranged from bop pianists including Bobby Timmons and Junior Mance to a wide range of organists, saxophonists, pianists, drummers and electric guitarists including Jack McDuff, Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis, and Grant Green.
Joint Global Change Research Institute
38°58′17″N 76°55′20″W﻿ / ﻿38.971274°N 76.922085°W﻿ / 38.971274; -76.922085

The Joint Global Change Research Institute (JGCRI) is a research institute established in 2001 through a collaboration between the University of Maryland, College Park, and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The primary objective of the institute is to employ interdisciplinary approaches in climate change research.

Research institute
A research institute, research centre, or research organization is an establishment founded for doing research. Research institutes may specialize in basic research or may be oriented to applied research. Although the term often implies natural science research, there are also many research institutes in the social science as well, especially for sociological and historical research purposes.
Yugo Tsukita
Yugo Tsukita (附田雄剛, Tsukita Yūgo; born July 18, 1976 in Ishikari) is a Japanese freestyle skier, specializing in  moguls.

Tsukita competed at the 1998, 2002, 2006 and 2010 Winter Olympics for Japan. His best performance came in 2002, when he qualified for the moguls final, finishing 16th. He also advanced to the final in 2010, finishing 17th. In 1998, he finished 18th in the qualifying round, and did not advance. In 2006, he finished 33rd in the qualifying round, and did not advance.

As of February 2013, he has won one medal at the World Championships, a silver in the 2003 dual moguls event.

Tsukita made his World Cup debut in January 1995. As of February 2013, he has won one World Cup event, a Dual Moguls competition at Madarao in 1999/00. Altogether, he has eleven World Cup medals, his first coming at Blackcomb in 1996/97. His best World Cup finish is 10th, in 2008/09.

FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships 2003
The 2003 FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships were held between January 31 and February 2 at the Deer Valley ski resort in northern Utah near Park City, United States.  The World Championships featured both men's and women's events in the Moguls, Aerials and Dual Moguls.
Vuelta a Extremadura Femenina
The Vuelta a Extremadura Femenina is an annual professional road bicycle race for women in Spain. First held in 2023, it is a UCI category 2.1 event. The race is held over three stages that cross the autonomous community of Extremadura in western Spain.

UCI race classifications
The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), the world's governing body in the sport of bicycle racing, classifies races according to a rating scale.

The rating is represented by a code made of two or three parts and indicates both the type or style of race (the first part), and its importance or difficulty (the second and third parts, lower being harder). The first part can be an integer or an abbreviation, and the second part, when present, are usually integers. Both parts are separated by a period or decimal point (.).

A higher rated race will result in the successful riders receiving more world ranking points.
Coccyx fracture
A coccyx fracture is a fracture of the coccyx, commonly called a broken tailbone or ‘puzzle fracture.’

The coccyx is located at the base of the spine, under the sacrum.  It is the last section of the ape vertebral column.  Most commonly in humans it comprises  3 to 5 fused (or, more rarely, separate) vertebrae, and is approximately 4 to 10 cm in length.  The coccyx is attached to the sacrum by a fibrocartilaginous joint, called the sacrococcygeal symphysis, allowing for some (but little) movement.

Sacrococcygeal symphysis
The sacrococcygeal symphysis (sacrococcygeal articulation, articulation of the sacrum and coccyx) is an amphiarthrodial joint, formed between the oval surface at the apex of the sacrum, and the base of the coccyx.

It is a slightly moveable joint which is frequently, partially or completely, obliterated in old age, homologous with the joints between the bodies of the vertebrae.
Emma O'Croinin
Emma O'Croinin (born 22 May 2003) is a Canadian swimmer. Her team won bronze in the women’s 4 × 200 m freestyle relay at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships.

In May 2024, O'Croinin was named to Canada's 2024 Olympic team.

2019 World Aquatics Championships
The 2019 World Aquatics Championships were the 18th FINA World Aquatics Championships, held in Gwangju, South Korea from 12 to 28 July 2019. The city had previously hosted the 2015 Summer Universiade aquatics events in the same venues.
2020 in Glory
The year 2020 was the ninth year in the history of Glory, an international kickboxing promotion. The year started with Glory 75: Utrecht. Glory 75: Utrecht was broadcast through television agreements with Veronica TV, UFC Fight Pass and other regional channels around the world. Glory 76 was available on pay-per-view.

Veronica TV
Veronica is a Dutch free-to-air commercial television channel currently a part of Talpa TV (Talpa Network). The channel was launched as TV10 Gold on 1 May 1995, then became TV10, Fox, Fox 8 and V8, before becoming Veronica on 20 September 2003. The channel is dedicated to young adults (13-35 demographic) and the male audience.

Veronica is time-sharing with Disney Jr., with the former broadcasting in daytime and the latter at night time. The practice began when Saban International bought TV10 in January 1997, and launched a Fox Kids slot on the channel. Before May 1, 2025, Disney XD was broadcast on the timeslot.

It is not to be confused with the Veronica Association (Dutch: Vereniging Veronica).
Wang Maolin
Wang Maolin (Chinese: 王茂林; born December 1934) is a Chinese politician. He was born in Qidong, Jiangsu. He joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1956. He was mayor (1982–1985) and Party Secretary (1985–1987) of Taiyuan. He was Party Secretary (1991–1993) and CPPCC Committee Chairman (1993) of Shanxi. He was Party Secretary (1993–1999) and People's Congress Chairman (1998) of Hunan.

Wang was the inaugural head of the 610 Office, in charge of suppressing Falun Gong.

Qidong, Jiangsu
Qidong is a county-level city under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Nantong in southeastern Jiangsu province, China. It is located on the north side of the Yangtze River opposite Shanghai and forms a peninsula jutting out into the East China Sea. It has a population of 967,313 in 2020.

The center of the city is named Huilong Township. It also has a well-known fishing port called Lüsi town, named after Lü Dongbin, one of the eight immortals, who is said to have visited the place four times. Qidong's Qilong township was formerly a separate island in the Yangtze called Yonglongsha but now forms a pene-enclave on Chongming Island, most of which belongs to Shanghai.
Heathcote District Football League
The Heathcote District Football League (HDFL) is an Australian rules football competition based in the Heathcote region and major Bendigo area with clubs based in the regions of City of Greater Bendigo, Shire of Campaspe, and Shire of Gannawarra

Shire of Campaspe
The Shire of Campaspe is a local government area in Victoria, Australia, located in the northern part of the state. It covers an area of 4,519 square kilometres (1,745 sq mi) and in August 2021 had a population of 38,735. It includes the towns of Girgarre, Echuca, Kyabram, Rochester, Tongala and Rushworth.

The Shire is governed and administered by the Campaspe Shire Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is located at the council headquarters in Echuca, it also has service centres located in Kyabram, Rochester, Rushworth and Tongala. The Shire is named after the Campaspe River, a major geographical feature that meanders through the LGA.
Forget to Remember
"Forget to Remember" is a song by American heavy metal band Mudvayne and the third single from their 2005 album Lost and Found. The song was featured in the film Saw II, which helped gain the band considerable mainstream popularity. It was also featured on 2006's MTV2 Headbanger Ball CD. There is an acoustic version of the song on By the People, for the People.

MTV2 Headbangers Ball: The Revenge
MTV2 Headbangers Ball: The Revenge is a double album compilation of metal music released in association with the MTV2 program Headbangers Ball. The CD includes 38 tracks, in excess of 2½ hours of music, from both established and up-and-coming artists. The track selection includes rarities, live performances, as well as tracks never before available.

Two versions appear to exist, with different track lists. The U.S. version has three British bands, while the European version has only one, Bullet for My Valentine.
Electoral district of Blackwood
Blackwood was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1950 to 1974.

The district was located in the south-west of the state and first contested at the 1950 state election. The seat was abolished ahead of the 1974 state election.

1950 Western Australian state election
Elections were held in the state of Western Australia on 25 March 1950 to elect all 50 members to the Legislative Assembly. The Liberal-Country coalition government, led by Premier Ross McLarty, won a second term in office against the Labor Party, led by Opposition Leader Frank Wise.

The election took place after a major redistribution.
Bala Hissar, Kabul
Bala Hissar (lit. 'High Fort') was an ancient fortress located in the south of the old city of Kabul, Afghanistan. The estimated date of construction is around the 5th century AD. Bala Hissar sits to the south of the modern city centre at the tail end of the Kuh-e-Shēr Darwāzah (lion door) mountain. The Walls of Kabul, which are 20 feet (6.1 m) high and 12 feet (3.7 m) thick, start at the fortress and follow the mountain ridge in a sweeping curve down to the river. It sports a set of gates for access to the fortress. The Kōh-e Shēr Darwāzah mountain is behind the fort. It was destroyed by the British in 1880 during the Second Anglo-Afghan War.

Bala Hissar was originally divided into two parts: The lower fortress, containing the stables, barracks and three royal palaces, and the upper fortress (the actual fort with the name Bala Hissar) housing the armory and the dungeon of Kabul, known as the "Black Pit" (the Siyah Chal).

Arsenal
An arsenal is a place where arms and ammunition are made, maintained and repaired, stored, or issued, in any combination, whether privately or publicly owned. Arsenal and armoury (British English) or armory (American English) are mostly regarded as synonyms, although subtle differences in usage exist.

A sub-armory is a place of temporary storage or carrying of weapons and ammunition, such as any temporary post or patrol vehicle that is only operational in certain times of the day.
Ampanihy, Miandrivazo
Ampanihy is a town and commune (Malagasy: kaominina) in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Miandrivazo, which is a part of Menabe Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 4,000 in 2001 commune census.

Only primary schooling is available. The majority 70% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 5% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are beans and maize.  Services provide employment for 5% of the population. Additionally fishing employs 20% of the population.

Menabe
Menabe is a region in western Madagascar, with its capital at Morondava. It covers an area of 46,121 square kilometres (17,807 square miles), and its population was 700,577 in 2018. The population mostly belongs to the Sakalava ethnic group. The region is named after the 18th-century Sakalava Kingdom of Menabe (16th–18th centuries). The name "Menabe", in turn, means "big red", after the color of laterite rock that dominates the landscape.
Studentized range distribution
In probability and statistics, studentized range distribution is the continuous probability distribution of the studentized range of an i.i.d. sample from a normally distributed population.

Suppose that we take a sample of size n from each of k populations with the same normal distribution N(μ, σ2) and suppose that  is the smallest of these sample means and  is the largest of these sample means, and suppose s² is the pooled sample variance from these samples. Then the following statistic has a Studentized range distribution.

Biometrika
Biometrika is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Oxford University Press for the Biometrika Trust. The editor-in-chief is Paul Fearnhead (Lancaster University). The principal focus of this journal is theoretical statistics. It was established in 1901 and originally appeared quarterly. It changed to three issues per year in 1977 but returned to quarterly publication in 1992.
Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare
The Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) is an economic indicator intended to replace the gross domestic product (GDP), which is the main macroeconomic indicator of System of National Accounts (SNA).
Rather than simply adding together all expenditures like the GDP, consumer spending is balanced by such factors as income distribution and cost associated with pollution and other unsustainable costs. The calculation excludes defence expenditures and considers a wider range of harmful effects of economic growth. It is similar to the genuine progress indicator (GPI).

The Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) is roughly defined by the following formula:

ISEW = personal consumption+ public non-defensive expenditures- private defensive expenditures+ capital formation+ services from domestic labour- costs of environmental degradation- depreciation of natural capital

New Economics Foundation
The New Economics Foundation (NEF) is a British think-tank that promotes "social, economic and environmental justice".

NEF was founded in 1986 by the leaders of The Other Economic Summit (TOES) with the aim of working for a "new model of wealth creation, based on equality, diversity and economic stability".

The foundation has 50 staff in London and is active at a range of different levels.  Its programmes include work on well-being, its own kinds of measurement and evaluation, sustainable local regeneration, its own forms of finance and business models, sustainable public services, and the economics of climate change.
2009 Levene Gouldin & Thompson Tennis Challenger
The 2009 Levene Gouldin & Thompson Tennis Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the sixteenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2009 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Binghamton, New York, United States, between 10 and 16 August 2009.

2009 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2009 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 20 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and 142 regular series tournaments, with prize money ranging from $25,000 up to $150,000.