hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
ADM-160 MALD
The ADM-160 MALD (Miniature Air-Launched Decoy) is an air-launched, expendable decoy missile developed by the United States. Later variants (MALD-J) are additionally equipped with electronic countermeasures to actively jam early warning and target acquisition radars. Its first known combat use was in May 2023 by the Ukrainian Air Force in the Russo-Ukrainian war.

Electronic countermeasure
An electronic countermeasure (ECM) is an electrical or electronic device designed to trick or deceive radar, sonar, or other detection systems, like infrared (IR) or lasers. It may be used offensively and defensively to deny targeting information to an enemy. The system may make many separate targets appear to the enemy, or make the real target appear to disappear or move about randomly. It is used effectively to protect aircraft from guided missiles. Most air forces use ECM to protect their aircraft from attack. It has also been deployed by military ships and recently on some advanced tanks to fool laser/IR guided missiles. It is frequently coupled with stealth advances, so the ECM systems have an easier job. Offensive ECM often takes the form of jamming. Self-protecting (defensive) ECM includes blip enhancement and jamming missile terminal homers.
Non-Fossil Fuel Obligation
The Non-Fossil Fuel Obligation (NFFO) refers to a collection of orders requiring the electricity distribution network operators in England and Wales to purchase electricity from the nuclear power and renewable energy sectors. Similar mechanisms operated in Scotland (the Scottish Renewable Orders under the Scottish Renewables Obligation) and Northern Ireland (the Northern Ireland Non-Fossil Fuel Obligation).

Five orders were made under the NFFO before the UK government replaced it with the Renewables Obligation. The first order or 'tranche' was on 1 October 1990 with an average price of 7.51 pence per kWh being paid to energy generators, and the fifth and last was in September 1998 at an average of 2.71 pence per kWh.

Contracts for Difference have since replaced the NFFO and Renewables Obligation as the main form of revenue support for low carbon electricity in the UK.

Kilowatt-hour
A kilowatt-hour (unit symbol: kW⋅h or kW h; commonly written as kWh) is a non-SI unit of energy equal to 3.6 megajoules (MJ) in SI units, which is the energy delivered by one kilowatt of power for one hour. Kilowatt-hours are a common billing unit for electrical energy supplied by electric utilities. Metric prefixes are used for multiples and submultiples of the basic unit, the watt-hour (3.6 kJ).
Cloonsheerevagh
Cloonsheerevagh (Irish: Cluain Sí Riabhach: "speckled fairy meadow") is a townland in Carrick-on-Shannon in County Leitrim, Ireland. It is 54.6 acres (0.2 km2) in area.

Cloonsheerevagh's neighbouring townlands include Cloonsheebane, Hartley, Caldragh, and Cartown.

County Leitrim
County Leitrim (/ˈliːtrəm/ LEE-trəm; Irish: Contae Liatroma) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Connacht and is part of the Northern and Western Region. It is named after the village of Leitrim. Leitrim County Council is the local authority for the county, which had a population of 35,199 according to the 2022 census.

The county was based on the Gaelic territory of West Breffny (Bréifne) as it existed in the 1580s.
Sodium hypoiodite
Sodium hypoiodite is an inorganic chemical used as an oxidant in various organic chemical reactions. It causes iodination of nitrogen atoms, such 1H-benzotriazole to give 1-iodo-1H-benzotriazole and an imine to give the analogous iodoimine. It oxidatively cleaves methyl ketones to give iodoform.

Imine
In organic chemistry, an imine (/ɪˈmiːn/ or /ˈɪmɪn/) is a functional group or organic compound containing a carbon–nitrogen double bond (C=N). The nitrogen atom can be attached to a hydrogen  or an organic group (R). The carbon atom has two additional single bonds.  Imines are common in synthetic and naturally occurring compounds and they participate in many reactions.

Distinction is sometimes made between aldimines and ketimines, derived from aldehydes and ketones, respectively.
David Brainerd
David Brainerd (April 20, 1718 – October 9, 1747) was an American Presbyterian minister and missionary to the Native Americans among the Delaware Indians of New Jersey. Missionaries such as William Carey and Jim Elliot, and Brainerd's cousin, the Second Great Awakening evangelist James Brainerd Taylor (1801–1829) cite Brainerd as inspiration.

Jonathan Dickinson (New Jersey minister)
Jonathan Dickinson (April 22, 1688 – October 7, 1747) was a Congregational, later Presbyterian, minister, a leader in the Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s, and a co-founder and first president of the College of New Jersey, which later became Princeton University.
Ellen Andersen
Ellen Dorothea Johanna Andersen (7 July 1898 – 22 January 1989) was a Danish museum curator who specialized in folk costumes and the history of textiles. In 1929, she joined the Danish Folk Museum where she was the curator from 1936 to 1966. She is remembered for her many books on costumes, including Danske bønders klædedragt (1960).

Folk costume
Folk costume, also known as traditional dress, traditional attire, folk attire, or regalia is clothing of an ethnic group, nation or region, and expresses cultural, religious or national identity. It includes both everyday and formal wear, those which do not cater to Western dress codes.

An ethnic group's clothing may be called ethnic clothing or ethnic dress. Those attributed to a certain place are often called national costume or regional costume; these may have official designation.
Radium chlorate
Radium chlorate is an inorganic compound with formula Ra(ClO3)2.

While pure radium chlorate has never been prepared, it is known to form coprecipitates using barium chlorate as a carrier. These react with excess ammoniacal ammonium carbonate to form a mixed precipitate of radium carbonate with barium carbonate.

Predicted values of its thermodynamic properties are available from Lowson (1985).

Barium carbonate
Barium carbonate is the inorganic compound with the formula BaCO3.  Like most alkaline earth metal carbonates, it is a white salt that is poorly soluble in water. It occurs as the mineral known as witherite.  In a commercial sense, it is one of the most important barium compounds.
Carder (surname)
Carder is a surname of English origin, derived from the occupation of carding. Notable people with the surname include:

Alex Carder (born 1989), American football quarterback

Angela Carder (1960–1987), American cancer patient, focus of a medical ethics debate over women's rights versus fetal rights

Frederick Carder (1863–1963), English-American artist and glass maker

Karle Carder-Andrews (born 1989), English footballer

Kenneth Lee Carder (born 1940), American Bishop

Matthew Carder (born 1993), Scottish badminton player

Muriel Spurgeon Carder (1922–2023), Canadian Baptist minister

Peter Carder (fl. 1577–1586), British mariner

Ricky "Tank" Carder (born 1989), American football player

Barnaby "Barn The Spoon" Carder (born 1981), British Green Woodworker and Spoon Carver

Kenneth Lee Carder
Kenneth Lee Carder (born November 18, 1940) is a retired American bishop of the United Methodist Church, elected in 1992.  Carder distinguished himself as a pastor, a member of Annual Conference and General U.M. agencies, a bishop, seminary professor, and an author.
Strange Things Happening Every Day
"Strange Things Happening Every Day" is an African American spiritual that was most famously, and influentially, recorded by Sister Rosetta Tharpe in 1944. Released as a single by Decca Records, Tharpe's version featured her vocals and electric guitar, with Sammy Price (piano), bass and drums. It was the first gospel record to cross over and become a hit on the "race records" chart, the term then used for what later became the R&B chart, and reached #2 on the Billboard "race" chart in April 1945.

Sammy Price
Samuel Blythe Price (October 6, 1908 – April 14, 1992) was an American jazz, boogie-woogie and jump blues pianist and bandleader. Price's playing is dark, mellow, and relaxed rather than percussive, and he was a specialist at creating the appropriate mood and swing for blues and rhythm and blues recordings.
KETD
KETD (channel 53) is a television station licensed to Castle Rock, Colorado, United States, broadcasting the Spanish-language Estrella TV network to the Denver area. Owned and operated by MediaCo, the station maintains offices on East Jamison Circle in Englewood, and its transmitter is located on Mount Morrison in western Jefferson County.

Mount Morrison (Colorado)
Mount Morrison is a foothill on the eastern flank of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains of North America.  The 7,881-foot (2,402 m) peak is located in Red Rocks Park, 1.9 miles (3.0 km) northwest by west (bearing 305°) of the Town of Morrison in Jefferson County, Colorado, United States. Red Rocks Amphitheatre is located on the eastern side of the mountain.
2021–22 Luxembourg Cup
The 2021–22 Luxembourg Cup was the 97th year of the football knockout tournament in Luxembourg. The cup began on 8 September 2021. The winner of the cup has earned a place in the 2022–23 UEFA Europa Conference League.

The previous season's cup was abandoned due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Luxembourg.

COVID-19 pandemic in Luxembourg
The COVID-19 pandemic in Luxembourg is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to have reached Luxembourg on 29 February 2020. As of 24 January 2026, there are 401,013 confirmed cases, with 1,000 deaths in Luxembourg.
Convention of the North
The Convention of the North is an annual political and business convention held in the North of England. First held in 2018 in Gateshead during The Great Exhibition of the North, the convention hosts leaders from politics, business, academia and civil society to discuss a shared agenda for the future of the North.

Gateshead
Gateshead (/ˈɡeɪts(h)ɛd/) is a town in the Gateshead Metropolitan Borough of Tyne and Wear, England. It is on the River Tyne's southern bank. At the 2021 census, the population was 196,151.

Historically part of County Durham, under the Local Government Act 1888 the town was made a county borough, meaning it was administered independently of the county council.

The town's attractions include the twenty-metre-tall Angel of the North sculpture on the town's southern outskirts, The Glasshouse International Centre for Music and the Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art. The town shares the Millennium Bridge, Tyne Bridge and multiple other bridges with Newcastle upon Tyne.
Swimming at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Swimming at the 2012 Paralympic Games was held from 30 August to 8 September 2012 at the London Aquatics Centre in London, UK. The competition consisted of 148 events, across multiple classifications, and all swum in a long course (50m) pool. Up to 600 swimmers (340 males, 260 females) swam in the Games.

London Aquatics Centre
The London Aquatics Centre is an indoor facility with two 50-metre (164-foot) swimming pools and a 25-metre (82-foot) diving pool in Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park in Stratford, London. The centre, designed by architect Zaha Hadid as one of the main venues of the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics, was used for the swimming, diving and synchronised swimming events. After significant modification, the centre opened to the public in March 2014.
Shterna Glacier
Shterna Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Щерна, romanized: lednik Shterna, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik ˈʃtɛrnɐ]) is the glacier extending 3.6 km in east-west direction and 2.2 km in north-south direction on Liège Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica.  It is situated northeast of Sigmen Glacier, draining the north slopes of Brugmann Mountains and flowing northwards into Boisguehenneuc Bay.

The glacier is named after the settlement of Shterna in Southern Bulgaria.

Palmer Archipelago
Palmer Archipelago, also known as Antarctic Archipelago, Archipiélago Palmer, Antarktiske Arkipel or Palmer Inseln, is a group of islands off the northwestern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. It extends from Tower Island in the north to Anvers Island in the south. It is separated by the Gerlache and Bismarck straits from the Antarctic Peninsula and Wilhelm Archipelago, respectively. The archipelago is in the British, Chilean, and Argentine Claims.

Palmer Archipelago is located at 64°15′S 62°50′W﻿ / ﻿64.250°S 62.833°W﻿ / -64.250; -62.833.
Newcastle United W.F.C.
Newcastle United Women's Football Club is a professional English women's football club, affiliated with Newcastle United F.C. They were founded in 1989 and are based at the Newcastle United Academy Training Centre, Benton, Newcastle upon Tyne, and play their home matches at Gateshead International Stadium, Gateshead. They are currently members of the Women's Super League 2.

In the summer of 2016, they became officially affiliated with Newcastle United F.C, operating independently with the support of the Newcastle United Foundation. In August 2022, restructuring meant that the women's team was brought under the complete ownership of Newcastle United, with plans to transition to full-time football.

St James' Park
St James' Park is a football stadium in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. It is the home of Newcastle United. With a seating capacity of 52,264, it is the 9th largest football stadium in England.

St James' Park has been the home ground of Newcastle United since 1892 and has been used for football since 1880. Throughout its history, the desire for expansion has caused conflict with local residents and the local council. This has led to proposals to move at least twice in the late 1960s, and a controversial 1995 proposed move to nearby Leazes Park. Reluctance to move has led to the distinctive lop-sided appearance of the present-day stadium's asymmetrical stands.

Besides club football, St James' Park has also been used for international football, at the 2012 Olympics, for the rugby league Magic Weekend, rugby union World Cup, Premiership and England Test matches, charity football events, rock concerts, and as a set for film and reality television.
Kyal Marsh
Kyal Reese Marsh (born 16 August 1987) is an Australian former actor and model. He was born in Clare, South Australia. He moved to Melbourne with his family when he was one year old. He is now a managing director in the building industry at Fitzroy Shopfitting & Building in Melbourne.

Clare, South Australia
The town of Clare is located in South Australia in the Mid North region, 136 km north of Adelaide. It gives its name to the Clare Valley wine and tourist region.

At the 2016 census, Clare itself had a population of 3160 as part of an urban area with 3327 people.
HSD17B13
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 13 also known as 17β-HSD type 13 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HSD17B13 gene.

17β-HSD13 is significantly up-regulated in the liver of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and enhances lipogenesis.

Lipogenesis
In biochemistry, lipogenesis is the conversion of fatty acids and glycerol into fats, or a metabolic process through which acetyl-CoA is converted to triglyceride for storage in fat. Lipogenesis encompasses both fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis, with the latter being the process by which fatty acids are esterified to glycerol before being packaged into very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Fatty acids are produced in the cytoplasm of cells by repeatedly adding two-carbon units to acetyl-CoA. Triacylglycerol synthesis, on the other hand, occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane of cells by bonding three fatty acid molecules to a glycerol molecule. Both processes take place mainly in liver and adipose tissue. Nevertheless, it also occurs to some extent in other tissues such as the gut and kidney. After being packaged into VLDL in the liver, the resulting lipoprotein is then secreted directly into the blood for delivery to peripheral tissues.
John Standing (footballer)
John Robert Standing (born 3 September 1943) is an English former professional footballer who played as a right back in the Football League for Brighton & Hove Albion. He also played non-league football for Bognor Regis Town, Stevenage Town, Crawley Town and Hastings United, and managed Newhaven and Haywards Heath Town.

Bognor Regis Town F.C.
Bognor Regis Town Football Club is an English football club based in Bognor Regis, West Sussex. Nicknamed 'The Rocks’, the club is an FA Chartered Standard Community club affiliated to the Sussex County Football Association. They currently compete in the Isthmian League South Central Division, after being relegated from the Premier Division in the 2024–25 season.
Séminaire de Sherbrooke
The Séminaire de Sherbrooke, also known as Séminaire Saint-Charles-Borromée, is a private educational institution located in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. 
Today, the Séminaire offers five years of secondary school and several college programs and continuing education.

Charles Borromeo
Charles Borromeo (Italian: Carlo Borromeo; Latin: Carolus Borromeus; 2 October 1538 – 3 November 1584) was an Italian Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Milan from 1564 to 1584. He was made a cardinal in 1560.

Borromeo founded the Confraternity of Christian Doctrine and was a leading figure of the Counter-Reformation together with Ignatius of Loyola and Philip Neri. In that role, he was responsible for significant reforms in the Catholic Church, including the founding of seminaries for the education of priests. He was canonized in 1610 and his feast day is 4 November.
Gardner–Webb Runnin' Bulldogs men's basketball
The Gardner–Webb Runnin' Bulldogs men's basketball team is the men's college basketball team that represents Gardner–Webb University in Boiling Springs, North Carolina, United States. The school's team competes in the Big South Conference. They made their first NCAA tournament in 2019 by winning their first Big South tournament.

Gardner–Webb University
Gardner–Webb University (GWU) is a private Baptist university in Boiling Springs, North Carolina, United States. It was founded as Boiling Springs High School in 1905. Gardner–Webb is classified as a Doctoral/Professional university.

Over 3,000 students attend Gardner–Webb, including undergraduate, graduate, and online students. Nine colleges and schools offer more than 80 undergraduate and graduate major fields of study. GWU's Runnin' Bulldogs compete in NCAA Division I as a member of the Big South Conference in most sports, although the men's and women's swim teams compete in the Coastal Collegiate Sports Association and the wrestling team competes in the Southern Conference.
Mücka station
Mücka/Mikow (German: Bahnhof Mücka; Upper Sorbian: Dwórnišćo Mikow) is a railway station in the village of Mücka, Saxony, Germany. The station lies on the Węgliniec–Roßlau railway, train services are operated by Ostdeutsche Eisenbahn.

Węgliniec–Roßlau railway
The Węgliniec–Roßlau (Elbe) railway is a mainline railway in Poland and the German states of Saxony, Brandenburg and Saxony-Anhalt, originally built by the Berlin-Anhalt Railway Company and the Upper Lusatian Railway Company as part of the trunk line from Breslau (now Wrocław) to Magdeburg. It runs from Węgliniec (formerly Kohlfurt) via Niesky, Hoyerswerda, Falkenberg (Elster) and Wittenberg to Roßlau (Elbe). The line is sometimes called the Niederschlesische Gütermagistrale (Lower Silesian freight trunk line) because it provides a direct connection from the province of Lower Silesia to Central Germany. The western section of the line is one of the oldest lines in Germany.
The Tights
The Tights are an English punk rock band from Worcester. The band's only two singles were released by the Cherry Red Records label: "Bad Hearts" / "It" / "Cracked" (1978) and "Howard Hughes" / "China's Eternal" (1978). After John Peel played "Bad Hearts" on BBC Radio 1, this single made it to number six in the UK punk chart. Follow-up "Howard Hughes" reached number four in the same chart. After playing their farewell gig at the Marquee Club, London, The Tights split in 1979. In a rarely heard BBC Blackburn interview from 1980, Ian Curtis of Joy Division expressed his liking for the work of The Tights.

In 2004 the band reformed.

Bass player Barry Island (aka Gary Marsden) has gone on to record an album called "Killing Without Touching" with his band Threshing Ground, who have gained popularity in Australia with singles: "I'm in Love With a Girl Called Vinyl" and "last Beer in Bondi".

Marquee Club
The Marquee Club was a music venue in London, England, that opened in 1958 with a range of jazz and skiffle acts. It was a small and relatively cheap club, in the heart of London's West End.

It was the location of the first live performance by the Rolling Stones on 12 July 1962.
Tetracoccus ilicifolius
Tetracoccus ilicifolius is a rare species of flowering shrub in the family Picrodendraceae known by the common names hollybush and holly-leaved tetracoccus.

It was described by botanists Frederick Vernon Coville and Marshall French Gilman in 1936. They had participated with other eminent biologists in the 1891 Death Valley Expedition funded by Congress.

Frederick Vernon Coville
Frederick Vernon Coville (March 23, 1867 – January 9, 1937) was an American botanist who participated in the Death Valley Expedition (1890-1891), was honorary curator of the United States National Herbarium (1893-1937), worked at then was Chief botanist of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and was the first director of the United States National Arboretum. He made contribution to economic botany and helped shape American scientific policy of the time on plant and exploration research.
Eisvogel-class icebreaker
The Eisvogel-class icebreakers (Type 721) was a two ship class built for the German Navy by the Hitzler Werft shipyard of Lauenburg/Elbe.

The Eisvogel was in service for the Naval Base Command Kiel and sold to private owners after decommissioning. Since 2010 she is operated as a civil tugboat in Trieste.

The Eisbär was based along the German North Sea coast. After decommissioning she was laid up in Wilhelmshaven later sold to the Netherlands.

Hitzler Werft
Hitzler Werft is a shipyard in Lauenberg, Germany, just outside Hamburg. The company was founded in 1885 by Johann Georg Hitzler as a boat repair yard, and went on to build barges, trawlers, freighters, tankers, tugs, launches, barges and icebreakers.
Expert Review of Hematology
Expert Review of Hematology is a MEDLINE-indexed, peer-reviewed, international medical journal publishing review articles and original papers on all aspects of hematology. It is part of the Expert Review series, published by Informa.

The journal provides commentary and analysis to elucidate best clinical practice in hematology and to translate advances in research – in areas such as immunology, stem cell research, and cell and gene therapy – into the clinical context. Each review includes an ‘expert commentary’ and a 'five-year view' section, in which authors are asked to provide their personal view on the current status and future direction of the research discussed.

The journal is aided by an international editorial advisory board of experts practicing within the field.

Expert Review of Hematology is currently in its 7th year of publication, has an Impact Factor of 2.07, and is available online or is published in paper format 12 times a year.

Informa
Informa plc is a British publishing, business intelligence, and exhibitions group with headquarters in London, England. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It has offices in 42 countries and around 14,000 employees. Informa owns numerous brands including Fan Expo, VidCon, Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity, CRC Press, Routledge, and Taylor & Francis.