hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bury St Edmunds Eastgate railway station
Bury St Edmunds Eastgate railway station (also known as Bury Eastgate  was a station in the town of Bury St Edmunds, England, on the Long Melford-Bury St Edmunds Branch. It was opened in 1865 and closed in 1909.

The station was demolished after closure and following closure of the line in 1965 the route was occupied by the A14 road. Today the town's rail traffic is handled entirely by Bury St Edmunds railway station.

Bury St Edmunds
Bury St Edmunds (/ˈbɛri sənt ˈɛdməndz/), commonly referred to locally as Bury, is a cathedral as well as market town and civil parish in the West Suffolk district, in the county of Suffolk, England. The town is best known for Bury St Edmunds Abbey and St Edmundsbury Cathedral. Bury is the seat of the Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich of the Church of England, with the episcopal see at St Edmundsbury Cathedral. The town, originally called Beodericsworth, was built on a grid pattern by Abbot Baldwin around 1080. It is known for brewing and malting (Greene King brewery) and for a British Sugar processing factory, where Silver Spoon sugar is produced. The town is the cultural and retail centre for West Suffolk and tourism is a major part of the economy. The built up area had a population of 41,280 at the 2021 census.
Hilbert's thirteenth problem
Hilbert's thirteenth  problem is one of the 23 Hilbert problems set out in a celebrated list compiled in 1900 by David Hilbert.  It entails proving whether a solution exists for all 7th-degree equations using algebraic (variant: continuous) functions of two arguments. It was first presented in the context of nomography, and in particular "nomographic construction" — a process whereby a function of several variables is constructed using functions of two variables. The variant for continuous functions was resolved affirmatively in 1957 by Vladimir Arnold when he proved the Kolmogorov–Arnold representation theorem, but the variant for algebraic functions remains unresolved.

Function composition
In mathematics, the composition operator  takes two functions,  and , and returns a new function .  When the composite function  (pronounced " of ") is evaluated at an input , the result is . That is, the function  is applied after applying  to .

The composition of functions is a special case of the composition of relations, sometimes also denoted by . As a result, all properties of composition of relations are true of composition of functions, such as associativity.
Gangneung Hockey Centre
Gangneung Hockey Centre (Korean: 강릉 아이스하키 경기장) is an indoor arena located in the coastal city of Gangneung, South Korea. The arena was one of the two venues for the ice hockey events at the 2018 Winter Olympics, serving as the main venue for the men's tournament and medal matches. It also hosted the ice sledge hockey competition during the 2018 Winter Paralympics.

The cost of construction for the venue was estimated to be 108 billion won (about $90 million US). Construction started in July 2014 and was completed in March 2017.

Korea Ice Hockey Association president Chung Mong-won stated a desire for the Gangneung Hockey Centre to become the focus of ice hockey in Korea, and to leave an Olympic Games legacy. He said, "My dream is to turn Gangneung into a hockey town. I hope to see the day when people think of Gangneung, they'll think of hockey". In 2019, the Korea Ice Hockey Association voted to run its national development programs in Gangneung.

South Korean won
The South Korean won, sometimes known as the Republic of Korea won (symbol: ₩; code: KRW; Korean: 대한민국 원), is the official currency of South Korea. The won is technically equal to 100 jeon, but the jeon is no longer used for everyday transactions and appears only in foreign exchange rates. The currency is issued by the Bank of Korea, based in the capital city of Seoul. The South Korean won was first issued in 1949, then was replaced by the South Korean hwan between 1953 and 1962, before the adoption of the current South Korean won in 1962.
LankaQR
LankaQR, stylised in all caps as LANKAQR, is a national QR code payment system in Sri Lanka, initiated by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka (CBSL) in collaboration with LankaClear (Pvt) Ltd and licensed financial institutions. The standard was introduced on 12 October 2018 and formally launched on 11 March 2019, aiming to promote a cashless society, enhance financial inclusion, and reduce reliance on physical cash, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

Alipay
Alipay (simplified Chinese: 支付宝; traditional Chinese: 支付寶; pinyin: zhīfùbǎo) is a third-party mobile and online payment platform, established in Hangzhou, China in February 2004 by Alibaba Group and its founder Jack Ma. In 2015, Alipay moved its headquarters to Pudong, Shanghai, although its parent company Ant Financial remains Hangzhou-based.

Alipay overtook PayPal as the world's largest mobile (digital) payment platform in 2013. As of June 2020, Alipay serves over 1.3 billion users and 80 million merchants. According to the statistics of the fourth quarter of 2018, Alipay has a 55.32% share of the third-party payment market in mainland China, and it continues to grow.

Along with WeChat, Alipay has been described to be China's super-app with a wide range of functionalities including ridesharing, travel booking and medical appointments.
Aurimys
Aurimys is an extinct genus of kangaroo rats from the Early Miocene of North America. They are known from a single specimen  from a 23 million-year-old deposit in Oregon consisting of a nearly complete skull and jawbone, a partial hindfoot and a bone from the tail. It is both the earliest and largest known member of its subfamily, with the skull measuring approximately 4.5 cm (1.8 in) in length, about one third longer than that of the largest living species. The shape of the bones in the foot suggest that, unlike modern species, it was quadrupedal, rather than hopping bipedally.

Quadrupedalism
Quadrupedalism is a form of locomotion in which animals have four legs that are used to bear weight and move around. An animal or machine that usually maintains a four-legged posture and moves using all four legs is said to be a quadruped (from Latin quattuor for "four", and pes, pedis for "foot"). Quadruped animals are found among both vertebrates and invertebrates.
George Ihler
George Ihler (born March 4, 1943) is an American former football player and coach.  Ihler was the head football coach at Saginaw Valley State University  in University Center, Michigan for 11 seasons, from 1983 until 1993. He won eight Saginaw Valley League titles and a Class A state championship in 1973 when his Lumberjacks were undefeated and unscored upon (443–0). His coaching record at Saginaw Valley State was 61–52–1. After leaving Saginaw Valley College he coached Freeland High School for several years and Hemlock High School for one year. He is a native of Marinette, Wisconsin and attended Marinette High School.

Saginaw Valley State University
Saginaw Valley State University (SVSU) is a public university in University Center, Michigan, United States. It was founded in 1963 as Saginaw Valley College and is the newest public university in Michigan. Its 748-acre (303 ha) campus is in Kochville Township, approximately 5.5 miles (8.9 km) north of downtown Saginaw, Michigan. SVSU offers over 100 academic programs at the undergraduate and graduate levels in its five colleges, with approximately 8,500 students at its main campus in University Center.
Alex Sperafico
Alexandre Sperafico (born January 21, 1974, in Toledo, Paraná) is a Brazilian racing driver. He is the oldest of the four racing Speraficos.

From 2000 to 2001, and for one start in 2003, Sperafico competed in the Barber Dodge Pro Series and won a race at Sebring on the weekend of the 2001 12 Hours of Sebring. In 2002, he was one of the three Speraficos in Formula 3000, joining Ricardo and Rodrigo. He raced for the Minardi Junior Team in nine events.

In 2003, Sperafico returned stateside and made his Champ Car World Series debut for Dale Coyne. In 2004, he ran half of the season for Mi-Jack Conquest Racing and a few races for CTE-HVM Racing in 2005. Unable to find a seat on the grid in 2006, Sperafico moved to the Brooks Associates Racing team in the ultra competitive Atlantic Series. After this, he retired from the competition.

Conquest Racing
Conquest Racing is an auto racing team based in Indianapolis, United States that currently competes in the Ferrari Challenge North America as well as the GTD Pro and GTD classes of the IMSA SportsCar Championship. They previously competed in the IndyCar Series, the Atlantic Championship, the Champ Car World Series, and the GT World Challenge America.
1964 Devizes by-election
The 1964 Devizes by-election was held on 14 May 1964 after the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Percivall Pott.  It was won by the Conservative candidate Charles Morrison a member of Wiltshire County Council and chair of its Education Committee. Opinion poll forecasts and against the trend in the three other by-elections held on the same day were predicting a Labour win. The surprise victory was attributed to Morrison being well-known, popular and active in the constituency. His campaign had the support of Ian Fleming, a relation by marriage of Morrison's wife Sara, who wrote an article called To Westminster with Love beginning with the words "Charles Morrison - Licensed to Kill."

Wiltshire Council
Wiltshire Council, known between 1889 and 2009 as Wiltshire County Council, is the local authority for the non-metropolitan county of Wiltshire in South West England, and has its headquarters at County Hall in Trowbridge. Since 2009 it has been a unitary authority, being a county council which also performs the functions of a district council. The non-metropolitan county is smaller than the ceremonial county, the latter additionally including Swindon.

The council went under no overall control in May 2025, after being controlled by the Conservative Party since 2000.
1994 Virginia Slims of Los Angeles – Doubles
Arantxa Sánchez Vicario and Helena Suková were the defending champions, but none competed this year.

Julie Halard and Nathalie Tauziat won the title by defeating Jana Novotná and Lisa Raymond 6–1, 0–6, 6–1 in the final.

Arantxa Sánchez Vicario
Aránzazu Isabel María "Arantxa" Sánchez Vicario (Spanish pronunciation: [aˈɾanθaθw isaˈβel maˈɾi.a aˈɾantʃa ˈsantʃeθ βiˈkaɾjo]; born 18 December 1971) is a Spanish former professional tennis player. She was ranked as the world No. 1 in women's singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for 12 weeks, as well as the world No. 1 in women's doubles for 111 weeks. A defensive baseliner, Sánchez Vicario won 29 WTA Tour-level singles titles and 69 doubles titles, including 14 major titles: four in singles, six in women's doubles, and four in mixed doubles. She also won four Olympic medals and five Fed Cup titles representing Spain. In 1994, Sánchez Vicario was crowned the ITF World Champion of the year.
2011 President's Cup – Women's doubles
Nina Bratchikova and Ekaterina Ivanova were the defending champions but both decided not to participate. 
Vitalia Diatchenko and Galina Voskoboeva won the tournament by defeating Akgul Amanmuradova and Alexandra Panova in the final 6–3, 6–4.

Akgul Amanmuradova
Akgul Charievna Amanmuradova (Uzbek: Oqgul Omonmurodova; born June 23, 1984) is an Uzbek former professional tennis player. At 1.90 metres in height, she is one of the tallest female tennis players in history.

Amanmuradova has won two doubles titles on the WTA Tour, as well as ten singles and 16 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 26 May 2008, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 50. On 18 January 2010, she peaked at No. 36 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Amanmuradova has twice reached the final of the Tashkent Open in her native Uzbekistan, losing in 2005 to Michaëlla Krajicek and in 2009 to Shahar Pe'er. She has also reached the final of the 2011 President's Cup in Nur-Sultan.
Capoeta bergamae
Capoeta bergamae is a species of freshwater cyprinid fish native to  Turkey. The species is also known as the Aegean scraper.

It is widespread in western Anatolia and lives in rivers ranging from the Bakacak river on the Biga Peninsula south to the Dalaman River. It is threatened by the massive pollution of rivers and streams and water abstraction, leading to habitat loss. The fish is up to 20 cm long. It is occasionally eaten, but is not widely commercialized.

Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae is a family of cyprinoid freshwater fishes commonly referred to as the carp family, which includes the carps, barbs, and barbels, among others. These cyprinids also share sister taxa with the danionins and minnows under the suborder Cyprinoidei. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest family of vertebrates overall, with roughly 1,780 species split into 166 valid genera.

Cyprinids range from the 12 mm (0.5 in)-long glassfishes, to the 3 m (9.8 ft) giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis). The family name is derived from the Greek word kyprînos (κυπρῖνος 'carp').
Patrick Latu
Patrick Latu is an American professional rugby player who plays as a prop and was most recently the captain of the PRO Rugby team San Francisco Rush.

Latu grew up in San Mateo, California, where he played rugby for the San Mateo Warriors and also played American football as a linebacker, offensive tackle, and running back. Latu played American football as a linebacker for the College of San Mateo Northern California Community College championship team. Latu played for the United States national under-20 rugby union team in 2011 as a prop and hooker.

Latu was called into the U.S. national team camp for the November 2013 tests, but did not play. Latu spent time in Canberra, Australia in 2014 playing for the Eastern suburbs club in the ACTRU Premier Division in an effort to boost his chances of making the U.S. national team. Latu has also played for the Metropolis rugby club in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and for the San Francisco Golden Gate rugby club.

ACTRU Premier Division
The ACTRU Premier Division is a rugby union club competition based in Canberra, Australia, and conducted by the region's governing body, the ACT and Southern NSW Rugby Union. It contains four Senior Grades of competition plus Colts, and is competed by the six ACT Premier Division clubs, plus a team from the ADFA, which fields teams in Colts and 3rd Grade only. First Grade teams compete for the John I Dent Cup. The silver cup, which was first played for in 1938, was a gift to the union by the pastoralist John I Dent. The competition finals are now held at Viking Park.
End-user computing
End-user computing (EUC) refers to systems in which non-programmers can create working applications. EUC is a group of approaches to computing that aim to better integrate end users into the computing environment. These approaches attempt to realize the potential for high-end computing to perform problem-solving in a trustworthy manner.

End-user computing can range in complexity from users simply clicking a series of buttons, to citizen developers writing scripts in a controlled scripting language, to being able to modify and execute code directly.

Examples of end-user computing are systems built using fourth-generation programming languages, such as MAPPER or SQL, or one of the fifth-generation programming languages, such as ICAD.

Fifth-generation programming language
A fifth-generation programming language (5GL) is  a high-level programming language based on problem-solving using constraints given to the program, rather than using an algorithm written by a programmer. Most constraint-based and logic programming languages and some other declarative languages are fifth-generation languages.
Jin-Yi Cai
Jin-Yi Cai (Chinese: 蔡进一; born 1961) is a Chinese American mathematician and computer scientist. He is a professor of computer science, and also the Steenbock Professor of Mathematical Sciences at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. His research  is in theoretical computer science, especially computational complexity theory. In recent years he has concentrated on the classification of computational counting problems, especially counting graph homomorphisms, counting constraint satisfaction problems, and Holant problems as related to holographic algorithms.

Counting problem (complexity)
In computational complexity theory and computability theory, a counting problem is a type of computational problem. If R is a search problem (formalised as a binary relation) then

is the corresponding counting function and

denotes the corresponding decision problem.

Note that cR is a function problem while #R is a decision problem, however cR can be C Cook-reduced to #R (for appropriate C) using a binary search (the reason #R is defined the way it is, rather than being the graph of cR, is to make this binary search possible).
Dhan Galli Bridge
The Dhan Galli Bridge in Mirpur District, Azad Kashmir was constructed as a crossing for people and vehicles over the Jhelum River in the 1980s. The original bridge was a suspension bridge, and in the 2010s a new bridge was built as part of redevelopment/resettlement in the general area affected by the Mangla Dam raising project. This bridge was constructed at a cost of over Rs.1 billion. Construction began in 2008 and was completed in May 2011. It was opened to road users in June.

The new Dhan Gali Bridge is 1,116 feet long, and is a pre-stressed post-tensioned balanced cantilever box girder bridge. The bridge is an all weather and all traffic facility, its construction greatly reduces travel time and there are two lanes, and the width of the roadway is 28 feet. The previous bridge had only one lane, and was capable of only carrying one vehicle due to weight limitations.

Mangla Dam
The Mangla Dam (Urdu: منگلا بند) is a multipurpose dam situated on the Jhelum River in Pakistan, lying in the Mirpur District of Azad Kashmir and the Jhelum District of Punjab. It is the sixth-largest dam in the world. The fort of Mangla, which sits at the mouth of the dam, serves as its namesake. In November 1961, the project's selected contractors were revealed; it was announced that Binnie & Partners, a British engineering firm, was going to serve as the lead designers, engineers, and inspectors for the construction of the dam (led by Geoffrey Binnie). The project was undertaken by a consortium known as the Mangla Dam Contractors, consisting of eight American construction firms sponsored by the Guy F. Atkinson Company, based in South San Francisco, California.
Zhu Yi
Zhu Yi is the name of the following Chinese people:

Zhu Yi (Eastern Wu), (朱異; d. 257), officer of Wu in Three Kingdoms period

Zhu Yi (Liang dynasty), (朱異; 483–539), official of the Liang dynasty

Zhu Yi (swimmer), Olympic swimmer born 1977

Zhu Yi (figure skater), (朱易; b. 2002), US-born Chinese figure skater

Zhu Yi (Liang dynasty)
Zhu Yi (483 – February 16, 549), courtesy name Yanhe (彥和), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Liang dynasty in the Northern and Southern dynasties period. He was greatly trusted by Emperor Wu in Emperor Wu's old age.  He is often depicted by historians as corrupt and duplicitous, as well as a reason for Liang's downfall.
Eduard Hackel
Eduard Hackel (17 March 1850 in Haida, Bohemia – 2 February 1926 in Attersee, Upper Austria) was an Austrian botanist. His father was a veterinarian in Haida (now Nový Bor) in Bohemia. He was married and had one son and a daughter.

Hackel studied at the Polytechnical Institute in Vienna, and became a substitute teacher at a high school in St. Pölten in 1869. He became a full professor of natural history there upon obtaining his teaching certificate in 1871 and remained in this position until his retirement in 1900.

Nový Bor
Nový Bor (Czech pronunciation: [ˈnoviː ˈbor]; German: Haida) is a town in Česká Lípa District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 11,000 inhabitants. The town is known for its glass industry. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
AsqJ
AsqJ is an iron(II), α-ketoglutarate dependent oxygenase that catalyzes the transformation of various N4-methylated benzodiazepines to various fused, 6-membered heterocyclic scaffolds. It was first identified in a biosynthetic gene cluster of Aspergillus nidulans, in which it is involved in the production of aspoquinolones. It is a metalloprotein, relying on an iron cofactor for its catalytic activity.

Heterocyclic compound
A heterocyclic compound or ring structure is a hydrocarbon-based cyclic compound that contains at least one heteroatom as member(s) of its ring(s). Heterocyclic organic chemistry is the branch of organic chemistry dealing with the synthesis, properties, and applications of organic heterocycles.

Examples of heterocyclic compounds include all of the nucleic acids, the majority of drugs, most biomass (cellulose and related materials), and many natural and synthetic dyes.  More than half of known compounds are heterocycles.  59% of US FDA-approved drugs contain nitrogen heterocycles.
Everett De Roche
Everett De Roche (1946–2014) was an American-Australian screenwriter who worked extensively in the Australian film and TV industry. He was best known for his work in the thriller and horror genre, with such credits as Long Weekend, Patrick, and Roadgames.

Cinema of Australia
The cinema of Australia began with the 1906 production of The Story of the Kelly Gang, arguably the world's first feature film. Since then, Australian crews have produced many films, a number of which have received international recognition. Many actors and filmmakers with international reputations started their careers in Australian films, and many of these have established lucrative careers in larger film-producing centres such as the US and the UK.

Commercially successful Australian films include Crocodile Dundee, George Miller's Mad Max trilogy, Baz Luhrmann's Moulin Rouge!, and Chris Noonan's Babe. Award-winning productions include Picnic at Hanging Rock, Gallipoli, The Tracker, Shine and Ten Canoes.
Peace in War
Peace in War (Spanish: originally Paz en la Guerra, in recent editions Paz en la guerra, the title sometimes translated into English as Peace of War) is a mid-size novel by Miguel de Unamuno. Having been written since the mid-1880s, it was published in 1897. The narrative is set mostly in Bilbao and surroundings during the Spanish civil war of 1872-1876, with particular focus on the siege of the city in 1874. The protagonists are mostly Bilbao dwellers, some of Carlist and some of Liberal political preferences. The plot revolves around the fate of Ignacio Iturriondo, a man in his early 20s, who volunteered to Carlist troops. The book was generally well received by the press and the critics, but it failed to make a major impact and was not re-published until 1923. Issued in Latin America in the 1910s, in the inter-war period the novel was translated into German and Czech, and afterwards into some other European languages.

Prince Carlos, Duke of Madrid
Don Carlos de Borbón y Austria-Este (Spanish: Carlos María de los Dolores Juan Isidro José Francisco Quirico Antonio Miguel Gabriel Rafael; French: Charles Marie des Douleurs Jean Isidore Joseph François Cyr Antoine Michel Gabriel Raphaël; 30 March 1848 – 18 July 1909) was the Carlist claimant to the throne of Spain as Carlos VII from 1868 (his father's Spanish renunciation), and holder of the Legitimist claim to the throne of France under the name Charles XI after the death of his father in 1887.