hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kraków School of Mathematics
The Kraków School of Mathematics (Polish: krakowska szkoła matematyczna) was a subgroup of the Polish School of Mathematics represented by mathematicians from the Kraków universities—Jagiellonian University, and the Mining Academy (now AGH University of Krakow)–active during the interwar period (1918–1939). Their areas of study were primarily classical analysis, differential equations, and analytic functions.

The Kraków School of Differential Equations was founded by Tadeusz Ważewski, a student of Stanisław Zaremba, and was internationally appreciated after World War II.

The Kraków School of Analytic Functions was founded by Franciszek Leja. Other notable members included Kazimierz Żorawski, Władysław Ślebodziński, Stanisław Gołąb, and Czesław Olech.

Analytic function
In mathematics, an analytic function is a function that is locally given by a convergent power series. There exist both real analytic functions and complex analytic functions. Functions of each type are infinitely differentiable, but complex analytic functions exhibit properties that do not generally hold for real analytic functions.

A function is analytic if and only if for every  in its domain, its Taylor series about  converges to the function in some neighborhood of ⁠⁠. This is stronger than merely being infinitely differentiable at ⁠⁠, and therefore having a well-defined Taylor series; the Fabius function is an example of a function that is infinitely differentiable but not analytic.
2014 English cricket season
The 2014 English cricket season was the 115th in which the County Championship had been an official competition. It began on 1 April with a round of university matches, continued until the conclusion of a round of County Championship matches on 23 September. Three major domestic competitions were contested: the 2014 County Championship, the 2014 Royal London One-Day Cup and the 2014 NatWest t20 Blast. The Royal London One-Day Cup and the NatWest t20 Blast were newly created competitions as from the 2014 season, replacing the Clydesdale Bank 40 and the Friends Life t20.

During this season, two Test teams toured England. Sri Lanka competed early in the summer, with India having also toured later in the year.

2014 County Championship
The 2014 County Championship season, known as the LV= County Championship for sponsorship reasons, was the 115th cricket County Championship season. It was contested through two divisions: Division One and Division Two. Each team played all the others in their division both home and away.
Gustavsburg (Jägersburg)
Gustavsburg is a Baroque building designed by the Swedish architect Jonas Erikson Sundahl in the Saar-Palatinate town of Jägersburg. The structure was originally called Hattweiler Castle, was renamed Hansweiler Castle in 1590, and finally Gustavsburg in 1720. It is located in the center of Jägersburg, directly adjacent to the 1.7- hectare castle pond.

Zweibrücken
Zweibrücken (German: [ˈtsvaɪˌbʁʏkŋ̍] ⓘ; French: Deux-Ponts [dø pɔ̃]; Palatine German: Zweebrigge [ˈtsʋeːbʁɪgə]; literally translated as "Two Bridges") is a town in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the Schwarzbach River.
Uptown Virginia
Uptown Virginia, formerly Thunderbird Mall, is an indoor shopping center in Virginia, Minnesota, United States. The mall's anchor stores are Dunham's Sports, Hobby Lobby, Tractor Supply Company, Harbor Freight, and Aldi. The mall is owned and managed by Rockstep Capital.

Hobby Lobby
Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc., formerly Hobby Lobby Creative Centers, is an American chain of retail arts and crafts stores with a volume of over $5 billion in 2018. The chain has 1,001 stores in 48 U.S. states. The Green family founded Hobby Lobby to express their evangelical Protestant beliefs and the chain incorporates American conservative values and Christian media.
Ohio State Route 219
State Route 219 (SR 219) is an east–west state highway in the western portion of the U.S. state of Ohio.  State Route 219's western terminus is at the Indiana State Line approximately 5.5 miles (8.9 km) northwest of Fort Recovery, with the roadway continuing west into the Hoosier State being County Road 300N.  The eastern terminus of State Route 219 is at a diamond interchange with Interstate 75 at its Exit 104 in Botkins.

Fort Recovery, Ohio
Fort Recovery is a village in Mercer County, Ohio, United States. The population was 1,501 at the 2020 census. The village is near the location of Fort Recovery, first established in 1793 under orders from General Anthony Wayne. The town is located near the headwaters of the Wabash River.
Philips I, Lord of Polanen
Philips I, Lord of Polanen (? - 4 May 1375) became Lord of Polanen in 1345. He later became Lord of Capelle, Nieuwerkerk , and Uyterlier. Philips was an important commander during the Hook and Cod wars.

Capelle aan den IJssel
Capelle aan den IJssel (Dutch pronunciation: [kaːˈpɛlə ʔaːn dən ˈɛisəl] ⓘ or [- də ˈʔɛi-]; transl. "Capelle on the IJssel") is a large town and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality had a population of 67,319 in 2021, and covers an area of 15.40 km2 (5.95 sq mi), of which 1.26 km2 (0.49 sq mi) is water. It is situated on the eastern edge of Rotterdam, on the Hollandse IJssel river.

The town has what is probably the country's smallest museum, the Dief- en Duifhuisje ("House of Thieves and Pigeons"). Now a historical museum, it served as the prison for the castle of Capelle and is all that now remains of the 17th-century castle.

On opposing sides of the A16 motorway are two business parks called Rivium and Brainpark respectively. Companies based in the larger Rivium include Rockwell Automation, Pfizer Nederland, Sodexho Nederland, Royal Dutch Shell, Van Oord, and many more.
Franz-Robert Liskow
Franz-Robert Liskow (born 20 May 1987 in Greifswald) is a German politician serving as a member of the Landtag of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern since 2016. From 2012 to 2018, he served as chairman of the Young Union in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

Landtag of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
The Landtag of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern is the people's representative body or the state parliament of the German federal state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

The Landtag convenes in Schwerin and currently consists of 79 members of six parties. The current majority is a red-red coalition of the Social Democratic Party and The Left, supporting the cabinet of Minister-President Manuela Schwesig. The main functions of the Landtag are the election of the Minister-President and the passage of laws controlling the state government.
2015 NHK Trophy
The 2015 NHK Trophy was the final event of six in the 2015–16 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating, a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held at the Big Hat in Nagano on November 27–29. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 2015–16 Grand Prix Final.

Big Hat
The Big Hat (ビッグハット, Biggu Hatto) is an indoor ice hockey arena in Nagano, Japan with a capacity of 10,104 seated spectators. Its official name is the Nagano Wakasato Tamokuteki Sports Arena. The arena was completed and officially opened on December 10, 1995.
Gustav Lombard
Gustav Lombard (10 April 1895 – 18 September 1992) was a high-ranking member in the SS during World War II. During the war, Lombard commanded 8th SS Cavalry Division Florian Geyer and the 31st SS Volunteer Grenadier Division. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany for so-called "anti-partisan" operations around Kovel which involved killing of civilians and burning down villages.

Lombard perpetrated mass murder in the Holocaust, serving as commanding officer of the 1st Regiment of the SS Cavalry Brigade during the German invasion of the Soviet Union. Lombard was convicted of war crimes by a Soviet military tribunal in 1947 and was released in 1955. He was subsequently tried by a West German court in the 1960s and found not guilty.

Bandenbekämpfung
In German military history, Bandenbekämpfung (lit. '"bandit-fighting" or "combating of bandits"; English equivalent of "anti-partisan operations"'), also referred to as Nazi security warfare during World War II, refers to the concept and military doctrine of countering resistance or insurrection in the rear area during wartime with extreme brutality. The doctrine provided a rationale for disregarding the established laws of war and for targeting any number of groups, from armed guerrillas to civilians, as "bandits" or "members of gangs". As applied by the German Empire and later Nazi Germany, it became instrumental in the crimes against humanity committed by the two regimes, including the Herero and Nama genocide and the Holocaust.

Historian Alex J. Kay estimates that around one million civilians died as a result of German anti-partisan warfare—excluding actual partisans—among the 13 to 14 million people murdered by the Nazis during World War II.
Piano Concerto (Busoni)
The Piano Concerto in C major, Op. 39 (BV 247), by Ferruccio Busoni, is one of the largest works ever written in the genre. Completed and premiered in 1904, it is about 70 minutes long and laid out in five movements played without a break; in the final movement an invisible men's chorus sings words from the verse-drama Aladdin by Adam Oehlenschläger.

Obbligato
In Western classical music, obbligato (Italian pronunciation: [obbliˈɡaːto], also spelled obligato, plural obbligati or obligati) usually describes a musical line that is in some way indispensable in performance. Its opposite is the marking ad libitum. It can also be used, more specifically, to indicate that a passage of music was to be played exactly as written, or only by the specified instrument, without changes or omissions. The word is borrowed from Italian (an adjective meaning mandatory; from Latin obligatus p.p. of obligare, to oblige); the spelling obligato is not acceptable in British English, but it is often used as an alternative spelling in the US. The word can stand on its own, in English, as a noun, or appear as a modifier in a noun phrase (e.g. organ obbligato).

The term has also come to refer to a countermelody.
Life Goes On (LeAnn Rimes song)
"Life Goes On" is a song by American country music artist LeAnn Rimes. Recorded for her seventh studio album, Twisted Angel (2002), the song was penned by Rimes, Desmond Child, and Andreas Carlsson, with production from Child, Peter Amato, and Gregg Pagani. Lyrically, "Life Goes On" speaks of moving on and letting go of the past. Rimes's then-label, Curb Records, first released the song on August 5, 2002, as the lead single from the album.

Commercially, "Life Goes On" missed the US Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 10 on Billboard's Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart. It was a bigger hit outside America, peaking within the top 10 in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Romania, and Sweden while reaching the top 20 in Norway and the United Kingdom. A country remix of the song was released to country radio and peaked at number 60 on Billboard's Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

Desmond Child
John Charles Barrett (born October 28, 1953), known professionally as Desmond Child, is an American songwriter and record producer. He was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2008. He has been nominated for four Grammy Awards, a Primetime Emmy Award, and has won a Latin Grammy Award.

His hits as a songwriter include Kiss' "I Was Made for Lovin' You"; Joan Jett & the Blackhearts' "I Hate Myself for Loving You"; Bon Jovi's "You Give Love a Bad Name", "Livin' on a Prayer", "Bad Medicine", and "Born to Be My Baby"; Aerosmith's "Dude (Looks Like a Lady)", "Angel", "What It Takes" and "Crazy"; Cher's "We All Sleep Alone" and "Just Like Jesse James"; Brit Smith's "Karma's a Bitch", recently re-done by Jojo Siwa; Alice Cooper's "Poison"; Michael Bolton's "How Can We Be Lovers?"; and Ricky Martin's "The Cup of Life" and "Livin' la Vida Loca".
Ectoedemia flavimacula
Ectoedemia flavimacula is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is only known from the mountainous area near the Varzob River and the southern Vakhsh River valley in Tadzhikistan, near the border with Afghanistan.

The length of the forewings is 1.6-1.8 mm. Adults are on wing from June to August.

The larvae feed on Populus species, probably including Populus pruinosa. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Populus
Populus is a genus of 25–30 species of deciduous flowering plants in the family Salicaceae, native to most of the Northern Hemisphere. English names variously applied to different species include poplar (/ˈpɒplər/ ⓘ), aspen, and cottonwood.

The western balsam poplar (P. trichocarpa) was the first tree to have its full DNA code determined by DNA sequencing, in 2006.
Aphilenia
Aphilenia is a genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Eumolpinae. It is distributed in Central and East Asia as well as southern Russia. Members of the genus are adapted to dry climates, and feed on bushes of the genus Calligonum. In 2012, the genus was moved from the tribe Bromiini to the tribe Nodinini (now known as Typophorini).

Southern Russia
Southern Russia or the South of Russia (Russian: Юг России, IPA: [juk rɐˈsʲiɪ]) is a colloquial term for the southernmost geographic portion of European Russia. The term is generally used to refer to the region of Russia's Southern Federal District and North Caucasian Federal District.

The term is informal and does not conform to any official areas of the Russian Federation as designated by the Russian Classification on Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO).
Our Teachings
Our Teachings (Kashti-Nooh in Urdu) is an Urdu book published in 1902 by the founder of the Ahmadiyya movement, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian, India. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, a Messiah and Mahdi claimant, attempted to revive the purported original and pristine teachings of Islam. He entitled the book "Noah's Ark", implying that those who wanted to be saved from the deluge of irreligion and materialism should join the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. Published in many languages, this English edition has been published by ‘Islam International Publications Limited’; Tilford, Surrey GUI0 2AQ. U.K. ISBN 1-85372-394-0] (1990)

Qadian
Qadian (Punjabi pronunciation: [käːd̪ijä̃ː]; Hindustani pronunciation: [qɑːd̪ijɑ̃ːn]) is a town and a municipal council in Gurdaspur district, north-east of Amritsar, situated 18 kilometres (11 mi) north-east of Batala city in the state of Punjab, India. Qadian is the birthplace of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the founder of the Ahmadiyya movement within Islam. It remained the headquarters of the movement until the Partition of India in 1947.
Chad Simpson (author)
Chad Simpson is a short and flash fiction author from Monmouth, Illinois, United States. He is the winner of the 2012 John Simmons Short Fiction Award, juried by Jim Shepard. His short story collection, "Tell Everyone I Said Hi," was published by the University of Iowa Press in fall 2012.

He has written numerous stories that have appeared in multiple literary magazines. His flash story "Let x" won the second annual Micro Award in 2009.  "Let x" originally appeared in Esquire.com. Simpson earned a B.A. from Monmouth College in 1998 and a M.F.A. from Southern Illinois University at Carbondale in 2005.  He also is the author of a chapbook, "Phantoms," published in April 2010 by Origami Zoo Press. He is currently an associate professor of English at Knox College in Galesburg, Illinois, where he received the college's distinguished teaching award in 2010.

Flash fiction
Flash fiction is a brief fictional narrative that still offers character and plot development. Some commentators have suggested that flash fiction possesses a unique literary quality in its ability to hint at or imply a larger story.

Varieties are sometimes defined by word count, including the six-word story, the 280-character story ("twitterature"), the "dribble" (also known as the "minisaga", 50 words), and the "drabble" (also known as "microfiction", 100 words).
Tomoaki Egawa
Tomoaki Egawa (江川 智晃, born October 31, 1986, in Futami, Mie) is a Japanese former professional baseball outfielder in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball. He played with the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks from 2006 to 2019.

Futami, Mie
Futami (二見町, Futami-chō) was a town in Watarai District, Mie Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 9,008 and a density of 754.44 persons per km². The total area was 11.94 km².

On November 1, 2005, Futami, along with the town of Obata, and the village of Misono (all from Watarai District), was merged into the expanded city of Ise and thus no longer exists as an independent municipality.

The Meoto Iwa are two "wedded rocks", in the sea by the town.

Futami is mentioned by Matsuo Bashō in his haiku hamaguri no / futami ni wakare / yuku aki zo. Literally, Hamaguri clams of Futami break apart in Autumn. Poetically,
As firmly cemented clam shells
Fall apart in Autumn
So too, I take to the road again
Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004
The Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004 (asp 9) is an act of the Scottish Parliament which made certain reforms to local government including the introduction of the single transferable vote electoral system.

Act of the Scottish Parliament
An act of the Scottish Parliament (Scottish Gaelic: Achd Pàrlamaid na h-Alba) is primary legislation made by the Scottish Parliament. The power to create acts was conferred to the Parliament by section 28 of the Scotland Act 1998 following the successful 1997 referendum on devolution.

Prior to the establishment of the Parliament under the 1998 act, all post-union laws specific to Scotland were passed at the Westminster Parliament. Although the Westminster Parliament has retained the ability to legislate for Scotland, by convention it does not do so without the consent of the Scottish Parliament.: (s. 28(7)) : (para. 14)  Since the passing of the 1998 act, the Westminster Parliament has passed five public general acts that apply only to Scotland.

A draft act is known as a bill. Once it is passed by the Scottish Parliament and receives royal assent, the bill becomes an act and is then a part of Scots Law.: (ss. 28, 32, 36)
210th Coastal Division (Italy)
The 210th Coastal Division (Italian: 210ª Divisione Costiera) was an infantry division of the Royal Italian Army during World War II. Royal Italian Army coastal divisions were second line divisions formed with reservists and equipped with second rate materiel. They were often commanded by officers called out of retirement.

Materiel
Materiel or matériel (/məˌtɪəriˈɛl/; from French  matériel 'equipment, hardware') is supplies, equipment, and weapons in military supply-chain management, and typically supplies and equipment in a commercial supply chain context.
Bridge in West Wheatfield Township
Bridge in West Wheatfield Township is a historic stone arch bridge located at West Wheatfield Township in Indiana County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1911, and is a 75-foot-long (23 m) bridge, with a semi-circular arch spanning 30-foot-long (9.1 m). It is built of rough, rock faced ashlar with a concrete parapet. It crosses Richard's Run.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

Indiana County, Pennsylvania
Indiana County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is located in the west central part of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 83,246. Its county seat is Indiana. Indiana County comprises the Indiana, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Pittsburgh-New Castle-Weirton, PA-WV-OH Combined Statistical Area. The county is part of the Southwest region of the commonwealth.

Prior to the Revolutionary War, some settlers proposed this as part of a larger, separate colony to be known as Vandalia, but opposing interests and the war intervened. Afterward, claims to the territory by both the states of Virginia and Pennsylvania had to be reconciled. After this land was assigned to Pennsylvania by the federal government according to the placement of the Mason–Dixon line, Indiana County was created on March 30, 1803, from parts of Westmoreland and Clearfield counties and was formally organized in 1806.
Cherry Creek (Columbus, Ohio)
Cherry Creek is a neighborhood on the West Side of Columbus, Ohio.  It is a part of Lincoln Village and the Greater Hilltop. It contains the Oakbrook Manor (formally Lincoln Park) apartments and the Westview apartments.  It is bounded on the east by Interstate 270, on the north by Sullivant Avenue, on the west by Norton Road, and on the south by Hall Road.  It is in the ZIP code 43228.  Its official area is West Columbus. Although they are technically two separate neighborhoods, Cherry Creek and Murray Hill are often considered the same neighborhood.  They are only separated by Sullivant Avenue, and many people just consider the two together Cherry Creek. This is reflected by the Columbus Police Department grouping the two together as one neighborhood.

Interstate 270 (Ohio)
Interstate 270 (I-270) is an auxiliary interstate highway that forms a beltway loop freeway in the Columbus metropolitan area in the US state of Ohio, commonly known locally as The Outerbelt or the Jack Nicklaus Freeway. The zero-milepost is at the junction with Interstate 71 east of Grove City, intersecting with I-71 again near Worthington as well as connecting with Interstate 70 twice with the western junction near Lincoln Village and the eastern junction near Reynoldsburg. The route furthermore links to the eastern terminus of Interstate 670 near Gahanna and provides indirect access to John Glenn Columbus International Airport. The entire length of I-270 is 54.97 miles (88.47 km). It is one of four Interstate loops not to run concurrently with another Interstate freeway, the others being I-295 in Florida, I-485 in North Carolina, and I-610 in Texas.
Okowvinjha
Okowvinjha is a former Tongva (Fernandeño) Native American settlement in Los Angeles County, California. It was located near the Mission San Fernando Rey de España in the San Fernando Valley.

One source by Frederick Webb Hodge suggested that it may have been "identical" with Cahuenga. However, Hubert Howe Bancroft identified Okowvinjha, Kowanga (Cahuenga), and Saway-yanga each as different clans in the San Fernando area. He further identified the mission itself as the site of another clan referred to as Pasheeknga, that was likely assimilated quickly after the mission's founding in 1797.

Frederick Webb Hodge
Frederick Webb Hodge (October 28, 1864 – September 28, 1956) was an American editor, anthropologist, archaeologist, and historian. Born in England, he immigrated at the age of seven with his family to Washington, DC. He was educated at American schools, and graduated from Cambridge College (now George Washington University).

He became very interested in Native American history and cultures, and worked for the Bureau of American Ethnology from 1905 to 1918. He collaborated with George Gustav Heye, who had been collecting Native American artifacts, and established the Heye Foundation to support archeological work. Heye founded the Museum of the American Indian in 1916 in New York, where Hodge later served as editor and assistant director. During his time at the Smithsonian, Hodge also conducted archeological expeditions and excavations at Nacoochee Mound in Georgia, and at Hawikuh, near Zuni Pueblo.
Pascal Tayot
Pascal Tayot  (born 15 March 1965 in Gennevilliers, Hauts-de-Seine) is a retired judoka from France. He claimed the silver medal in the Men's Middleweight (‍–‍86 kg) division at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. In the final he was defeated by Poland's Waldemar Legień.

Judo at the 1992 Summer Olympics
The Judo competition at the 1992 Summer Olympics was contested in fourteen weight classes, seven each for men and women. The seven men's weight classes continued to be those first used in 1980. This was the first Olympic competition to award medals to women judoka; women competed in 1988 when women's judo was a demonstration sport.