hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Self number
In number theory, a self number in a given number base  is a natural number that cannot be written as the sum of any other natural number  and the individual digits of . 20 is a self number (in base 10), because no such combination can be found (all  give a result less than 20; all other  give a result greater than 20). 21 is not, because it can be written as 15 + 1 + 5 using n = 15. These numbers were first described in 1959 by the Indian mathematician D. R. Kaprekar.

On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences
The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS) is an online database of integer sequences. It was created and maintained by Neil Sloane while researching at AT&T Labs. He transferred the intellectual property and hosting of the OEIS to the OEIS Foundation in 2009, and is its chairman.

OEIS records information on integer sequences of interest to both professional and amateur mathematicians, and is widely cited. As of November 2025, it contains over 390,000 sequences, and is growing by approximately 30 entries per day.

Each entry contains the leading terms of the sequence, keywords, mathematical motivations, literature links, and more, including the option to generate a graph or play a musical representation of the sequence. The database is searchable by keyword, by subsequence, or by any of 16 fields. There is also an advanced search function called SuperSeeker which runs a large number of different algorithms to identify sequences related to the input.
Pitch accent (intonation)
Pitch accent is a term used in autosegmental-metrical theory for local intonational features that are associated with particular syllables.  Within this framework, pitch accents are distinguished from both the abstract metrical stress and the acoustic stress of a syllable.  Different languages specify different relationships between pitch accent and stress placement.

Intonation (linguistics)
In linguistics, intonation is the variation in pitch used to indicate the speaker's attitudes and emotions, to highlight or focus an expression, to signal the illocutionary act performed by a sentence, or to regulate the flow of discourse. For example, the English question "Does Maria speak Spanish or French?" is interpreted as a yes-or-no question when it is uttered with a single rising intonation contour, but is interpreted as an alternative question when uttered with a rising contour on "Spanish" and a falling contour on "French". Although intonation is primarily a matter of pitch variation, its effects almost always work hand-in-hand with other prosodic features. Intonation is distinct from tone, the phenomenon where pitch is used to distinguish words (as in Mandarin) or to mark grammatical features (as in Kinyarwanda).
Huang Longyun
Huang Longyun (simplified Chinese: 黄龙云; traditional Chinese: 黃龍雲; pinyin: Huáng Lóngyùn; born November 1951) is a politician of the People's Republic of China, the current chairman of the Guangdong People's Congress, and the former chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) Guangdong Committee. Huang is a native of Meixian District, Meizhou, Guangdong.

Beginning in 1995, Huang served in a number of positions in Zhuhai, Guangdong, including municipal CPC Committee deputy secretary, acting mayor, and mayor. In 2000, he was elevated to the Guangdong provincial Party Standing Committee. In 2002, he was concurrently named Party Committee Secretary of Foshan. In 2007, Huang became Vice-Governor of Guangdong Province. In 2010, he was selected as the CPPCC Guangdong Committee Chairman, and on 31 January 2013 was named to as People's Congress Chairman.

Chinese Communist Party Provincial Standing Committee
Members of the standing committees of the Chinese Communist Party provincial-level committees, commonly referred to as Shengwei Changwei (Chinese: 省委常委; pinyin: shěngwěi chángwěi), make up the top ranks of the provincial-level organizations of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). In theory, the Standing Committee of a Party Committee manages the day-to-day party affairs of a provincial party organization, and are selected from the members of the provincial-level Party Committee at large. In practice, Shengwei Changwei is a position with significant political power, and their appointments are essentially directed by the central leadership through the Organization Department of the Chinese Communist Party.
Business and Enterprise Select Committee
The Business and Enterprise Select Committee was a select committee of the House of Commons in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The remit of the committee was to examine the expenditure, administration and policy of the Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform and any associated public bodies.

The committee was dissolved on 30 September 2009 and replaced by the Business, Innovation and Skills Select Committee following the abolition of the Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform and its replacement with the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills.

Department for Business, Innovation and Skills
The Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) was a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It was created by the Gordon Brown premiership on 5 June 2009 by the merger of the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills and the Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform. It was disbanded by the Theresa May premiership on the creation of the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy on 14 July 2016.
G. W. L. Nicholson
Colonel Gerald William Lingen Nicholson CD (6 January 1902 – 28 February 1980) was a British-Canadian soldier, historian, author, and teacher. From 1943 until his retirement in 1961, Nicholson served in the Historical Section, Canadian Army, where in 1959 he succeeded Colonel Charles Perry Stacey to become the section's fourth director. Nicholson authored numerous histories of Canada's military. He is best known for his 1962 book Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1914-1919, the only official history of Canada's participation in World War I.

English Canadians
English Canadians or Anglo-Canadians refers either to Canadians of English ethnic origin and heritage or to English-speaking (Anglophone) Canadians of any ethnic origin; it is used primarily in contrast with French Canadians. Canada is an officially bilingual country, with English and French official language communities. Immigrant cultural groups ostensibly integrate into one or both of these communities, but often retain elements of their original cultures. The term English-speaking Canadian is sometimes used interchangeably with English Canadian.

In addition to the terms "English Canadian" and "Canadian", the terms "Anglophone Canadian" and "Anglo-Canadian" are also used. An additional 11,135,965 Canadians describe their ethnic background as "Canadian", many of whom may also be of English ancestry.
Mågerø
Mågerø is a small peninsula in Færder Municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. The peninsula is located on the northeast shore of the large island of Tjøme, about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south of the city of Tønsberg.

The peninsula is a part of a popular Norwegian summer vacation area and the location of the Royal Norwegian Air Force control and alert station for the southern part of Norway. The Norwegian royal family have their private summer residence, also known as Mågerø, located on the peninsula. The royal home is entirely located in a restricted military area.

Royal Norwegian Air Force
The Royal Norwegian Air Force (RNoAF) (Norwegian: Luftforsvaret, lit. 'The Air Defence') is the air force of Norway. It was established as a separate arm of the Norwegian Armed Forces on 10 November 1944. The RNoAF's peacetime establishment is approximately 2,430 employees (officers, enlisted staff and civilians). 600 personnel also serve their draft period in the RNoAF. After mobilization, the RNoAF would consist of approximately 5,500 personnel.

The infrastructure of the RNoAF includes seven airbases (at Ørland, Rygge, Andøya, Evenes, Bardufoss, Bodø, and Gardermoen). It also has one control and reporting centre (in Sørreisa Municipality) and three training centres: Værnes in Stjørdal Municipality (about 32.7 kilometres (20.3 mi) northeast of Trondheim), Kjevik in Kristiansand Municipality, and at KNM Harald Haarfagre/Madlaleiren in Stavanger Municipality.
Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve
Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve (Thai: พื้นที่สงวนชีวมณฑลสะแกราช) is a biosphere reserve in Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand. Located west of Khao Yai National Park and south of Nakhon Ratchasima city center, the reserve is composed primarily of dry evergreen forests, mixed deciduous forests, dry dipterocarp forests, and reforested areas. This reserve has been listed as a biosphere reserve by UNESCO, nominated in 1976. The reserve's area is 82,315 hectares (823.15 km2), with over 380 floral species, 486 wildlife species, and 533 species of invertebrates.

Nakhon Ratchasima province
Nakhon Ratchasima (Thai: นครราชสีมา, pronounced [ná(ʔ).kʰɔ̄ːn râːt.tɕʰā.sǐː.māː]; Northeastern Thai: นครราชสีมา, pronounced [nà(ʔ).kʰɔ̂ːn lâːt.sā.sǐː.mâː], often called Khorat (Thai: โคราช, pronounced [kʰōː.râːt]; Northeastern Thai: โคราช, pronounced [kʰôː.lâːt]) (alternate spelling Korat) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat) and lies in lower northeastern Thailand also called Isan. At 20,736 square kilometres (8,006 sq mi) it is the country's second largest province by area, has a population of approximately 2.6 million, and generates about 250 billion baht in GDP, the highest in Isan. Neighbouring provinces are (clockwise, from north) Chaiyaphum, Khon Kaen, Buriram, Sa Kaeo, Prachinburi, Nakhon Nayok, Saraburi, and Lopburi.

The capital of the province is the city of Nakhon Ratchasima in Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima district, also called Khorat.
Chestnut-backed thrush
The chestnut-backed thrush (Geokichla dohertyi) is a ground thrush species endemic to Lombok, Timor and the Lesser Sunda Islands in Indonesia. The species is rapidly declining and it is already extinct on Lombok and possibly on Lesser Sunda.

A European species, the fieldfare, was once also known by this name .

The binomial name of this bird commemorates the American entomologist William Doherty.

Thrush (bird)
The thrushes are a passerine bird family, Turdidae, with a worldwide distribution. The family was once much larger before biologists reclassified the former subfamily Saxicolinae, which includes the chats and European robins, as Old World flycatchers. Thrushes are small to medium-sized ground living birds that feed on insects, other invertebrates, and fruit. Some unrelated species around the world have been named after thrushes due to their similarity to birds in this family.
Anthony J. Naldrett
Anthony James "Tony" Naldrett, FRSC (1933 – 21 June 2020) was an English and Canadian geologist. He was an authority on the geology and origin of nickel-copper-platinum group element deposits, the tectonic setting in which they occur, the petrology of associated rocks, and controls on their composition. He was an expert on the reaction between sulfide and silicate melts, fractional crystallization of sulfide melts, and the role of hydrothermal fluids.

Fractional crystallization (geology)
Fractional crystallization, or crystal fractionation, is one of the most important geochemical and physical processes operating within crust and mantle of a rocky planetary body, such as the Earth. It is important in the formation of igneous rocks because it is one of the main processes of magmatic differentiation. Fractional crystallization is also important in the formation of sedimentary evaporite rocks.
Arthur Lakes
Arthur Lakes (December 21, 1844—November 21, 1917) was an American geologist, artist, writer, teacher and Episcopalian minister. He captured much of his geological and palaeontological field work in sketches and watercolours. Lakes is credited with successfully deciphering much of the geology of Colorado and, as an economic geologist, guiding mineral exploration which was so important to the State.

Sketch (drawing)
A sketch (ultimately from Greek σχέδιος – schedios, "done extempore") is a rapidly executed freehand drawing that is not usually intended as a finished work.  A sketch may serve a number of purposes: it might record something that the artist sees, it might record or develop an idea for later use or it might be used as a quick way of graphically demonstrating an image, idea or principle. Sketching is the most inexpensive art medium.

Sketches can be made in any drawing medium. The term is most often applied to graphic work executed in a dry medium such as silverpoint, graphite, pencil, charcoal or pastel. It may also apply to drawings executed in pen and ink, digital input such as a digital pen, ballpoint pen, marker pen, water colour and oil paint. The latter two are generally referred to as "water colour sketches" and "oil sketches".  A sculptor might model three-dimensional sketches in clay, plasticine or wax.
Winnsboro Historic District
Winnsboro Historic District is a national historic district located at Winnsboro, Fairfield County, South Carolina.  The district encompasses 33 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site in the county seat of Winnsboro.  The district features a wide range of architectural styles, from early simple frame houses that reflect utilitarian aspects of the Scotch-Irish, the first principal settlers, to pronounced styles such as Federal and Greek Revival. Many residences are typical upcountry frame houses, built in an L-shape with long piazzas running across the front.  Notable buildings include the Town Clock, Fairfield County Courthouse, Thespian Hall, Fairfield Country Club, Mt. Zion Elementary, the separately listed Ketchin Building, Beatty House, Wolfe House, Kirkpatrick House, Neil House, and Williford House / Town Hall.  The Fairfield Country Club was built in 1822 under the supervision of Robert Mills.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.

Fairfield County, South Carolina
Fairfield County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 20,948. Its county seat is Winnsboro. Fairfield County is part of the Columbia, South Carolina metropolitan area.
Wépion strawberry
The Wépion strawberry is a horticultural product which arises from strawberry crops planted near Wépion, a village in the municipality of Namur, Wallonia, Belgium. The label of origin "Wépion strawberry" is not geographically protected and covers several different strawberry varieties.

Namur
Namur (French: [namyʁ] ⓘ; Walloon: Nameur; Dutch: Namen [ˈnaːmə(n)] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in Wallonia, Belgium. It is the capital both of the province of Namur and of Wallonia, hosting the Parliament of Wallonia, the Government of Wallonia and its administration.

Namur stands at the confluence of the rivers Sambre and Meuse and straddles three different regions – Hesbaye to the north, Condroz to the south-east, and Entre-Sambre-et-Meuse to the south-west. The city of Charleroi is located to the west. The language spoken is French.

The municipality consists of the following sub-municipalities: Beez, Belgrade, Boninne, Bouge, Champion, Cognelée, Daussoulx, Dave, Erpent, Flawinne, Gelbressée, Jambes, Lives-sur-Meuse, Loyers, Malonne, Marche-les-Dames, Namur proper, Naninne, Saint-Servais, Saint-Marc, Suarlée, Temploux, Vedrin, Wépion, and Wierde.
Rebecca Perkins Kwoka
Rebecca Perkins Kwoka (born September 1982) is an American politician who has served in the New Hampshire Senate from the 21st district since 2020. Her district encompasses Portsmouth, Durham, Newmarket, Lee, Newfields, Madbury, and Newington.

She is the first openly LGBTQ+ woman elected to the New Hampshire Senate. She resides in Portsmouth with her wife and daughters.

Newington, New Hampshire
Newington is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 811 at the 2020 census. It is bounded to the west by Great Bay, to the northwest by Little Bay and to the northeast by the Piscataqua River. The town serves as the American headquarters of the firearms manufacturing company SIG Sauer.

Newington is home to Portsmouth International Airport at Pease (formerly Pease Air Force Base) and to the New Hampshire Air National Guard. The 110-acre (45 ha) Old Town Center Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Phacopsis vulpicidae
Phacopsis vulpicidae is a species of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungus in the family Parmeliaceae. It was formally described as a new species in 2019 by mycologists Mikhail P. Zhurbenko and Paul Diederich. The type specimen was collected by the first author near the headwaters of Ar Khordolyn gol River in Renchinlkhümbe Somon (Khövsgöl Province, Mongolia), at an altitude of 2,050 m (6,730 ft). There, in the upper limit of a Larix sibirica forest, the fungus was found growing on the thallus of a ground-dwelling Vulpicida juniperina lichen. The species epithet vulpicidae refers to the genus of its host. Infections by the fungus cause blister-like (bullate) swellings of the host thallus. It is known to occur in arctic and mountain tundra and taiga biomes of Asia, Europe, and North America (Alaska). Its only recorded host is Vulpicida juniperina, and almost all recorded host specimens have been terricolous.

Tundra
In physical geography, a tundra (/ˈtʌndrə, ˈtʊn-/) is a type of biome where tree growth is hindered by frigid temperatures and short growing seasons. There are three regions and associated types of tundra: Arctic, Alpine, and Antarctic.

Tundra vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges, grasses, mosses, and lichens. Scattered trees grow in some tundra regions. The ecotone (or ecological boundary region) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline. The tundra soil is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus. The soil also contains large amounts of biomass and decomposed biomass that has been stored as methane and carbon dioxide in the permafrost, making the tundra soil a carbon sink. As global warming heats the ecosystem and causes soil thawing, the permafrost carbon cycle accelerates and releases much of these soil-contained greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, creating a feedback cycle that contributes to climate change.
Ran space
In mathematics, the Ran space (or Ran's space) of a topological space X is a topological space  whose underlying set is the set of all nonempty finite subsets of X: for a metric space X the topology is induced by the Hausdorff distance. The notion is named after Ziv Ran.

Empty set
In mathematics, the empty set or void set is the unique set having no elements; its size or cardinality (count of elements in a set) is zero. Some axiomatic set theories ensure that the empty set exists by including an axiom of empty set, while in other theories, its existence can be deduced. Many possible properties of sets are vacuously true for the empty set.

Any set other than the empty set is called non-empty.

In some textbooks and popularizations, the empty set is referred to as the "null set".  However, null set is a distinct notion within the context of measure theory, in which it describes a set of measure zero (which is not necessarily empty).
Adele Givens
Adele Givens is an American comedian, actress and writer. Beginning her career during the late–1980s in comedy, Givens television appearances include The Hughleys, Moesha, The Parkers, Comedy Central Presents, Def Comedy Jam, Russell Simmons Presents Def Poetry, Martin, Tracey Takes On... and The Steve Harvey Show.

The Parkers
The Parkers is an American television sitcom created by Ralph Farquhar, Sara V. Finney and Vida Spears. The series ran for five seasons from August 30, 1999, to May 10, 2004, on UPN as a spin-off to Moesha. It stars Mo'Nique, Countess Vaughn, Mari Morrow, Dorien Wilson, Jenna von Oÿ, Ken L. and Yvette Wilson. The show centers on the relationship between a mother and daughter, Nikki and Kim Parker, who reside outside of Los Angeles in Santa Monica, California, with both attending Santa Monica College. The series was produced by Big Ticket Television, in association with Saradipity Productions and  Regan Jon Productions, with Bill Boulware, Ralph Farquhar, Sara V. Finney, Vida Spears and Andrea Wiley serving as executive producers. 110 episodes were produced.
The Murders in Praed Street
The Murders in Praed Street is a 1928 detective novel by John Rhode, the pen name of the British writer Cecil Street. It features the fourth appearance of the armchair detective Lancelot Priestley, who figured in a long-running series of novels during the Golden Age of Detective Fiction.

Dr. Lancelot Priestley
Dr. Lancelot Priestley is a fictional investigator in a series of books by John Rhode. After 1924, Dr. Priestley took over from Dr. Thorndyke as the leading fictional forensic investigator in Britain and featured in 72 novels written over 40 years, solving many ingenious and misleading murders.
Not a Sinner nor a Saint
"Not a Sinner nor a Saint" is a Eurodance song performed by Swedish band Alcazar. This was the first single to give a preview of the then-forthcoming album Alcazarized, but was only released in Sweden. Nevertheless, the song was added at radio stations around Europe.

Eurodance
Eurodance (sometimes referred to as Euro-NRG) is a genre of electronic dance music that originated in the late 1980s in Europe. It combines many elements of rap, techno and Eurodisco. This genre of music is heavily influenced by the use of rich vocals, sometimes with rapped verses. This, combined with cutting-edge synthesizers, strong bass rhythm and melodic hooks, establishes the core foundation of Eurodance music.
Ivan Dorovský
Ivan Dorovský (18 May 1935 – 24 August 2021) was a Czech Balkanologist of Macedonian origin. He worked as a literary scholar, translator, poet and publicist, university professor at Masaryk University, and Slavist. He was also the Chairman of the Society of Friends of the South Slavs. He was the 2008 recipient of the Macedonian honorary Racin Recognition for his contribution and affirmation of Macedonian literature and culture, and the 2013 recipient of the F. A. Zach Prize for his contribution to the relationship with the Serbian nation.

He left Greece as a child during the civil war.

Publicist
A publicist is a person whose job is to generate and manage publicity for a company, a brand, or public figure – especially a celebrity – or for work or a project such as a book, film, or album. Publicists are public relations specialists who maintain and represent the images of individuals, rather than representing an entire corporation or business. Publicists are also hired by public figures who want to maintain or protect their image. Publicists brand their clients by getting magazine, TV, newspaper, and website coverage. Most top-level publicists work in private practice, handling multiple clients.

The term publicist was coined by the legal scholar Francis Lieber to describe the engagement of internationalists with the public during the late nineteenth century. Publicists are sometimes called flacks, a term that traces back to Gene Flack, who was a well-known movie publicist in the 1930s.