hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Philip Sunshine
Philip Sunshine (June 16, 1930 – April 5, 2025) was an American physician and pioneer in the field of neonatology. He had an endowed professorship named after him at Stanford University. Sunshine was awarded the American Academy of Pediatrics' Virginia Apgar award in 2001. Sunshine died on April 5, 2025, at the age of 94.

Virginia Apgar
Virginia Apgar (June 7, 1909 – August 7, 1974) was an American physician, obstetrical anesthesiologist and medical researcher, best known as the inventor of the Apgar score, a way to quickly assess the health of a newborn child immediately after birth in order to combat infant mortality. In 1952, she developed the 10-point Apgar score to assist physicians and nurses in assessing the status of newborns. Given at one minute and five minutes after birth, the Apgar test measures a child's breathing, skin color, reflexes, motion, and heart rate. A friend said, "She probably did more than any other physician to bring the problem of birth defects out of back rooms." She was a leader in the fields of anesthesiology and teratology, and introduced obstetrical considerations to the established field of neonatology.
Carbazochrome
Carbazochrome is an antihemorrhagic, or hemostatic, agent that will cease blood flow by causing the aggregation and adhesion of platelets in the blood to form a platelet plug, ceasing blood flow from an open wound. It is hoped that this drug can be used in the future for preventing excessive blood flow during surgical operations and the treatment of hemorrhoids, but research on its effectiveness and the severity of possible side effects remains to be fairly inconclusive.

With troxerutin, it has been investigated for use in the treatment of hemorrhoids.

Bleeding
Bleeding, hemorrhage, haemorrhage or blood loss, is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels. Bleeding can occur internally, or externally either through a natural opening such as the mouth, nose, ear, urethra, vagina, or anus, or through a puncture in the skin.
Hypovolemia is a massive decrease in blood volume, and death by excessive loss of blood is referred to as exsanguination. Typically, a healthy person can endure a loss of 10–15% of the total blood volume without serious medical difficulties (by comparison, blood donation typically takes 8–10% of the donor's blood volume). The stopping or controlling of bleeding is called hemostasis and is an important part of both first aid and surgery.
Jean Villepique
Jean Villepique (/ˈvɪləpiːk/ VIL-ə-peek}) is an American actress known for her roles in BoJack Horseman, A.P. Bio, and Up All Night. Villepique was previously a member of The Second City. Born in New Jersey, she earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in theatre from Northwestern University.

Raised in Bernardsville, New Jersey, Villepique graduated from Bernards High School in 1991.

The Second City
The Second City is an improvisational comedy enterprise. It is the oldest improvisational theater troupe to be continuously based in Chicago, with training programs and live theaters in Toronto and New York. Since its debut in 1959, it has become one of the most influential and renowned in the English-speaking world. In February 2021, ZMC, a private equity investment firm based in Manhattan, purchased the Second City.

The Second City has produced television programs in both Canada and the United States, including SCTV, Second City Presents, and Next Comedy Legend. It has been a starting point for many comedians, award-winning actors, directors, and others in show business, including Joan Rivers, Alan Alda, Harold Ramis, Bill Murray, John Candy, John Belushi, Dan Aykroyd, Eugene Levy, Catherine O'Hara, Chris Farley, Mike Myers, Steve Carell, Tina Fey, Amy Poehler, Stephen Colbert and Jason Sudeikis.
Richard Kingsmill (MP)
Richard Kingsmill (c. 1528 – 24 September 1600), of Highclere, Hampshire, was an English politician.

He was the son of Sir John Kingsmill (c. 1494 – 11 August 1556), Sheriff of Hampshire in 1539. His brother Sir William Kingsmill (c. 1526 – 11 December 1592) was Sheriff of Hampshire in 1563.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Calne in 1559, Heytesbury in 1563, and Hampshire in 1584 and 1586.

By his daughter Constance Kingsmill, he was the grandfather of Sir Thomas Lucy.

Highclere
Highclere (pronounced /ˈhaɪklɪər/) is a village and civil parish in the North Wessex Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, Hampshire, England, in the northern part of the county, near the Berkshire border. It is famous as the location of Highclere Castle, a Victorian house of the Earl of Carnarvon, and the setting for films and TV series including Downton Abbey.
Françoise-Apolline Merlin
Françoise-Apolline Merlin (religious name Saint-Pierre; 19 April 1803 – 29 October 1878) was a French religious sister and mother general of the Dominican Sisters of Charity of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin from 1843 until 1858. Her cause for beatification has been initiated in 2008.

Religious sister
A religious sister (abbreviated: Sr.) is a Christian woman who has taken public vows in a religious order dedicated to apostolic works. Though often referred to as nuns, they are canonically distinct. Nuns, religious sisters and canonesses all use the term "Sister" as a form of address. Religious sisters are found in various traditions of Christianity, particularly Catholicism, Evangelical Lutheranism and Anglicanism. In the Catholic Church, religious sisters are associated with a religious institute.
Independence March (Poland)
The Independence March (Polish: Marsz Niepodległości) is an annual patriotic and nationalist demonstration in Warsaw held on Poland's Independence Day, November 11. Since 2011, the March has attracted annually up to 100 thousand participants. In 2020, the March was organized similar to one of a car procession. Major participating organizations have included the Confederation, the National Radical Camp, the All-Polish Youth and Law and Justice.

About 60,000 were in the 2017 march marking the 99th anniversary of independence, with placards such as "Clean Blood" seen on the march. Over the years other placards or slogans have included "Pure Poland, white Poland" and “white Europe of brotherly nations”.

Many nationalists from around Europe usually join the March.

Patriotism
Patriotism is the feeling of love, devotion, and a sense of attachment to one's country or state. This attachment can be a combination of different feelings for things such as the language of one's homeland, and its ethnic, cultural, political, or historical aspects. It may encompass a set of concepts closely related to nationalism, mostly civic nationalism and sometimes cultural nationalism.
1987 Danish general election
General elections were held in Denmark on 8 September 1987. The Social Democratic Party remained the largest in the Folketing with 54 of the 179 seats. The Conservative People's Party-led coalition government lost its majority, but since the parties on the left did not have a majority to form their own government, the incumbent government was able to continue as a minority coalition government. Voter turnout was 87% in Denmark proper, 69% in the Faroe Islands and 45% in Greenland.

Conservative People's Party (Denmark)
The Conservative People's Party (Danish: Det Konservative Folkeparti, DKF), also known as The Conservatives (De Konservative), is a centre-right political party in Denmark. The party is a member of the International Democracy Union and the European People's Party.
Heo's Diner
Heo's Diner (Korean: 허식당) is a 2025 South Korean time slip fantasy romantic comedy television series written by Sung So-hyun, co-directed by Oh Hwan-min and Kim Kyung-eun, and starring Xiumin, Chu So-jung, Lee Sae-on, and Lee Soo-min. Based on the web novel of the same name by Jeon Seon-yeong. It premiered on Netflix and Wavve on March 24, 2025, at 17:00 (KST) and also broadcast on MBN Plus at 21:00 (KST).

Fantasy television
Fantasy television is a genre of television programming featuring elements of the fantastic, often including magic, supernatural forces, or exotic fantasy worlds. Fantasy television programs are often based on tales from mythology and folklore, or are adapted from fantasy stories in other media. The boundaries of fantasy television often overlap with science fiction and horror but also realistic fiction.
Killikkurussimangalam
Killikkurussimangalam (also known as Lakkidi) is a village around 8 km from nearby town Ottappalam in Palakkad district of Kerala, south India. The river Nila (Bharatapuzha) flows through the southern border of Lakkidi.

Ottapalam
Ottapalam (also spelled Ottappalam) is a town, taluk, and municipality in the Palakkad District of Kerala, India. It is the administrative headquarters of Ottapalam taluk and is located approximately 34 km (21 mi) from the Palakkad (district HQ), along the banks of the Bharathapuzha River, the second-longest river in the state.

It is one of the major commercial centres in the district. It is also one of the major filming locations in Kerala.
Chlorotetraedron
Chlorotetraedron is a genus of green algae, in the family Neochloridaceae. The name may also be written as Chlorotetraëdron. It is found as freshwater plankton or in soil.

The genus was first described under the name of Pseudotetraedron by Frank J. MacEntee in 1977; however, that name was taken by a genus of algae in the Xanthophyceae (the yellow-green algae). Therefore, the genus was renamed to Chlorotetraedron. Currently, three species are known.

Yellow-green algae
Yellow-green algae or the Xanthophyceae (xanthophytes) are an important group of heterokont algae. Most live in fresh water, but some are found in marine and soil habitats. They vary from single-celled flagellates to simple colonial and filamentous forms. Xanthophyte chloroplasts contain the photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c, β-carotene, and the carotenoid diadinoxanthin. Unlike other Stramenopiles (heterokonts), their chloroplasts do not contain fucoxanthin, which accounts for their lighter colour. Their storage polysaccharide is chrysolaminarin. Xanthophyte cell walls are produced of cellulose and hemicellulose. They appear to be the closest relatives of the brown algae.
Valour Cross
The Valour Cross (Danish: Tapperhedskorset) is the highest military decoration of Denmark.  Established on 14 November 2011, and first awarded on 18 November 2011, it is awarded for outstanding acts of courage in combat.

Military awards and decorations
Military awards and decorations are distinctions given as a mark of honor for military heroism, meritorious or outstanding service or achievement. A decoration is often a medal consisting of a ribbon and a medallion.

Civil decorations awarded to military personnel should not be considered military decorations, although some orders of chivalry have civil and military divisions. Decorations received by police and fire brigade personnel may sometimes be considered alongside military decorations, on which they may be modelled, although they are strictly not military awards.

Military awards and decorations may take the form of medal ribbons or miniature medals, which are mounted together on a bar known as a barrette.
Gastric lymphoma
Primary gastric lymphoma (lymphoma that originates in the stomach itself) is an uncommon condition, accounting for less than 15% of gastric malignancies and about 2% of all lymphomas.  However, the stomach is a very common extranodal site for lymphomas (lymphomas originate elsewhere and metastasise to the stomach). It is also the most common source of lymphomas in the gastrointestinal tract.

Endoscopic ultrasound
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) or echo-endoscopy is a medical procedure in which endoscopy (insertion of a probe into a hollow organ) is combined with ultrasound to obtain images of the internal organs in the chest, abdomen and colon. It can be used to visualize the walls of these organs, or to look at adjacent structures. Combined with Doppler imaging, nearby blood vessels can also be evaluated.

Endoscopic ultrasonography is most commonly used in the upper digestive tract and in the respiratory system. The procedure is performed by gastroenterologists or pulmonologists who have had extensive training. For the patient, the procedure feels almost identical to the endoscopic procedure without the ultrasound part, unless ultrasound-guided biopsy of deeper structures is performed.
Aupilaktuq
Aupilaktuq formerly Rideout Island is an uninhabited island within the Arctic Archipelago in the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut. It is located in Bathurst Inlet. Other islands in the vicinity include Algaq, Kanuyak Island, Iqalulialuk, North Quadyuk Island, Quadyuk Island, and Shoe Island.

Bathurst Inlet
Bathurst Inlet, officially Kiluhiqtuq, is a deep inlet located along the northern coast of the Canadian mainland, at the east end of Coronation Gulf,  into which the Burnside and Western rivers empty. The name, or its native equivalent Kingoak (Qingaut, nose mountain), is also used to identify the community of Bathurst Inlet located on the shore. Melville Sound opens into the eastern side of the inlet at Cape Croker, west of the Hurd Islands.
Johnny Stearns
John Stearns (October 13, 1916 – December 1, 2001) was an American actor, producer and director, active from the 1940s until the 2000s. He also performed in several Broadway plays.

Stearns was best known for co-starring with his wife Mary Kay Stearns on television's first sitcom, Mary Kay and Johnny. He was also known as one of the original producers of The Tonight Show Starring Steve Allen and Arthur Murray's Dance Party. For nearly 30 years, he was the host and producer of the public affairs television program Agriculture USA.

On the Town (musical)
On the Town is a musical with music by Leonard Bernstein and book and lyrics by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, based on Jerome Robbins' idea for his  1944 ballet Fancy Free, which he had set to Bernstein's music. The musical introduced several popular and classic songs, among them "New York, New York", "Lonely Town", "I Can Cook, Too" (for which Bernstein also wrote the lyric), and "Some Other Time". The story concerns three American sailors on a 24-hour shore leave in New York City in 1944, during World War II. Each of the three sailors meets and quickly connects with a woman.

On the Town was first produced on Broadway in 1944 and was made into a film in 1949, although the film replaced all but four of the original Broadway numbers with Hollywood-written substitutes. The show has enjoyed several major revivals. The musical integrates dance into its storytelling: Robbins made several ballets and extended dance sequences for the show, including the "Imaginary Coney Island" ballet.
Syzran Higher Military Aviation School
The Syzran Higher Military Aviation School (Russian: Сызранское высшее военное авиационное училище лётчиков, romanized: Syzranskoye vyssheye voyennoye aviatsionnoye uchilishche lyotchikov) is a military academy of the Russian Aerospace Forces, responsible for training airmen of the Russian Armed Forces. It is a branch of the Zhukovsky – Gagarin Air Force Academy.

Russian Aerospace Forces
The Russian Aerospace Forces or Russian Air and Space Forces (VKS) comprise the aerial, space warfare, and missile defence branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. It was established on 1 August 2015 with the merging of the Russian Air Force (VVS) and the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces (VVKO), as recommended by the Ministry of Defence to improve efficiency and logistical support. The VKS is headquartered in Moscow.
Parkes High School
Parkes High School is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school, located in Parkes, in the Central West region of New South Wales, Australia. It is a part of the Henry Parkes Learning Community.

Established in 1933, the school enrolled approximately 580 students in 2018, from Year 7 to Year 12, of whom 15 per cent identify as Indigenous Australians and 3 per cent from a language background other than English. The school is operated by the NSW Department of Education; the principal is Sandra Carter.

The school offers a range of subjects in junior (7 to 10) and senior years (11 to 12) in accordance with a syllabus developed by the New South Wales Education Standards Authority.

Department of Education (New South Wales)
The New South Wales Department of Education, a department of the Government of New South Wales, is responsible for the delivery and co-ordination of early childhood, primary school, secondary school, vocational education, adult, migrant and higher education in the state of New South Wales, Australia.

The department was preceded by the Board of National Education and Council of Education, and has been formerly known by a number of names, including Department of Public Instruction, the Department of Education and Training (DET) between December 1997 and April 2011, and the Department of Education and Communities (DEC) between April 2011 and July 2015.

The department's powers are principally drawn from the Education Act, 1990  (NSW).
Agent detection
Agent detection is the inclination for animals, including humans, to presume the purposeful intervention of a sentient or intelligent agent in situations that may or may not involve one. This has been linked to the origins of religion.

Agency (philosophy)
Agency is the capacity of an actor to act in a given environment. In some contexts, the exercise of agency is linked to questions of moral responsibility, and may pertain to questions of moral agency.

Agency may either be classified as unconscious, involuntary behavior, or purposeful, goal directed activity (intentional action). An agent typically has some sort of immediate awareness of their physical activity and the goals that the activity is aimed at realizing. In 'goal directed action' an agent implements a kind of direct control or guidance over their own behavior.
Kleptopharmacophagy
Kleptopharmacophagy is a term used for describing the ecological relationship between two different organisms, where the first is stealing the second's chemical compounds and consuming them. This scientific term was proposed by Australian, Singaporean, and American biologists in September 2021 in an article that was published in the journal Ecology by the Ecological Society of America. The phenomenon was first noticed in milkweed butterflies that were attacking caterpillars and drinking their internal liquid, proposedly to obtain toxic alkaloids used for defense, as well as for mating purposes.

Ecological Society of America
The Ecological Society of America (ESA) is a professional organization of ecological scientists. Based in the United States and founded in 1915, ESA publications include peer-reviewed journals, newsletters, fact sheets, and teaching resources. It holds an annual meeting at different locations in the USA and Canada. In addition to its publications and annual meeting, ESA is engaged in public policy, science, education, and diversity issues.

ESA's 9,000 members are researchers, educators, natural resource managers, and students in over 90 countries. Members work on a wide range of topics, from agroecology to marine diversity, and explore the relationships between organisms and their past, present, and future environments. As of June 2023 the society has 32 topical sections, six regional chapters, and ten committees.
Carl Andre
Carl Andre (September 16, 1935 – January 24, 2024) was an American minimalist artist recognized for his ordered linear and grid format sculptures. His sculptures range from large public artworks (such as Stone Field Sculpture, 1977, in Hartford, Connecticut, and Lament for the Children, 1976, in Long Island City, New York), to large interior works exhibited on the floor (such as 144 Magnesium Square, 1969), to small intimate works (such as Satier: Zinc on Steel, 1989, and 7 Alnico Pole, 2011).

In 1985 his third wife, contemporary artist Ana Mendieta, fell from their 34th-floor apartment window and died. Neighbors heard an argument and Mendieta shouting "no" immediately before the fall. He was acquitted of a second-degree murder charge in a 1988 bench trial, causing uproar among feminists in the art world; supporters of Mendieta have protested at his subsequent exhibitions.

Bench trial
A bench trial is a trial by judge, as opposed to a jury.  The term applies most appropriately to any  administrative hearing in relation to a summary offense to distinguish the type of trial. Many legal systems (Roman, Islamic) use bench trials for most or all cases or for certain types of cases.

As a jury renders a verdict, in a bench trial, a judge does the same by making a finding.
Moonglow (film)
Moonglow is a 2026 neo-noir romantic thriller film directed by Isabel Sandoval starring herself and Arjo Atayde. It is scheduled to have its world premiere in the Big Screen competition in February 2026 at the International Film Festival Rotterdam.

Neo-noir
Neo-noir is a film genre from the 1970s, in the era of New Hollywood, which is primarily associated with the subversion and visual style of classic film noir tropes, adapting the themes of 1940s and 1950s American film noir for contemporary audiences, often with vibrant colors and high-contrast, more graphic depictions of violence or sexuality, thematic motifs, and nonlinear narrative or editing.

During the 1970s and the mid 1980s, the term "neo-noir" surged in popularity, fueled by movies such as Roman Polanski’s Chinatown (1974), Martin Scorsese's Taxi Driver (1976), Sydney Pollack's Absence of Malice (1981), Ridley Scott’s Blade Runner (1982), Paul Verhoeven's The Fourth Man (1983 film) and David Lynch’s Blue Velvet (1986). The French term film noir translates literally to English as "black film", indicating sinister stories often presented in a shadowy cinematographic style. Neo-noir has a similar style but with updated themes, content, style, and visual elements.
Besançon-les-Bains
47°14′35.05″N 6°1′51.65″E﻿ / ﻿47.2430694°N 6.0310139°E﻿ / 47.2430694; 6.0310139

Besançon-les-Bains was a former thermal establishment in Besançon during the 19th century. The term "Besançon-les-Bains" is also employed to denote a period during which Besançon was economically oriented towards tourism and thermal spa activities, which enjoyed considerable popularity during the nineteenth century.

In 1891, the Compagnie des Bains salins de la Mouillère was established, marking the beginning of tourism development around the Besançon-les-Bains attraction. This led to the construction of several notable establishments, including a thermal spa, the Hôtel des Bains, a casino, the Kursaal performance hall, and the opening of a tourist office in May 1896.

Bregille
Bregille (French pronunciation: [bʁəʒij]) is a district of the French city of Besançon, located on the right bank of the Doubs, south-east of the historic center. It has developed on the eponymous hill Bregille which culminates at 458 meters, almost 200 meters above the river level. It has about 6 500 inhabitants in the early 2000s.
Canari noir
Canari noir (French pronunciation: [kanaʁi nwaʁ] ⓘ) is a red French wine grape variety that has been historically grown in the Ariège department in the foothills of the French Pyrénées. However DNA profiling in 2001 showed that plantings of a grape called Gamay Luverdon growing in the Italian wine region of Piedmont were in fact plantings of Canari noir. Across the Pyrénées in Spain, the grape variety known as Batista was also found to be identical to Canari noir. Like Pinot noir and Grenache, Canari noir has color mutations known as Canari blanc and Canari gris.

Ariège (department)
Ariège (French pronunciation: [aʁjɛʒ] ⓘ; Occitan: Arièja [aɾiˈɛdʒɔ]) is a department in southwestern France, located in the region of Occitanie. It is named after the river Ariège and its capital is Foix. Ariège is known for its rural landscape, with a population of 153,287 as of 2019. Its INSEE and postal code is 09. The inhabitants of the department are known as Ariègeois or Ariègeoises.