hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Atkinson v. Sinclair Refining Co.
Atkinson v. Sinclair Refining Co., 370 U.S. 238 (1962), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that, when a union is liable for damages for violation of the no-strike clause, its officers and members are not liable for these damages.

Wildcat strike
A wildcat strike is a strike action undertaken by unionised workers without union leadership's authorization, support, or approval; this is sometimes termed an unofficial industrial action. The legality of wildcat strikes varies between countries and over time.
Calatrava bridge
Several bridges by the architect Santiago Calatrava are known locally as Calatrava bridge or Calatrava's bridge. These include:

Ponte della Costituzione, Venice, Italy

San Francesco di Paola Bridge, Cosenza, Italy

Bac de Roda Bridge, Barcelona, Spain

Calatrava Bridge, a multi-way bridge in Petah Tikva, Israel

Chords Bridge, Jerusalem, Israel

Katehaki Pedestrian Bridge, Athens, Greece

Chords Bridge
The Chords Bridge (Hebrew: גשר המיתרים, Gesher HaMeitarim), also called the Bridge of Strings or Jerusalem Light Rail Bridge, is a side-spar cable-stayed bridge in Jerusalem.  The structure was designed by the Spanish architect and engineer Santiago Calatrava and is used by Jerusalem Light Rail's Red Line, which began service on August 19, 2011. Incorporated in the bridge is a glass-sided pedestrian bridge enabling pedestrians to cross from Kiryat Moshe to the Jerusalem Central Bus Station. The bridge, which cost about $70 million (NIS 246 million), was inaugurated on June 25, 2008.
Justus Doolittle
Justus Doolittle (simplified Chinese: 卢公明; traditional Chinese: 盧公明; Pinyin: Lú Gōngmíng; Foochow Romanized: Lù Gŭng-mìng; June 23, 1824, Rutland, New York – June 15, 1880, Clinton, New York) was an American Board missionary to China.

Bàng-uâ-cê
Bàng-uâ-cê (abbr. BUC; Chinese: 平話字) or Fuzhou romanization (福州話羅馬字), is a Latin alphabet for the Fuzhou dialect of Eastern Min adopted in the middle of the 19th century by Western missionaries. It had varied at different times, and became standardized in the 1890s. Bàng-uâ-cê was mainly used inside of church circles, and was taught in some mission schools in Fuzhou. However, unlike its counterpart Pe̍h-ōe-jī for Hokkien, even in its prime days Bàng-uâ-cê was by no means universally understood by Christians.
Bsheiriyeh
Bsheiriyeh - Bello (Arabic: البشيرية بللو)  is a Syrian village located in Jisr al-Shughur Nahiyah in Jisr al-Shughur District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Bsheiriyeh - Bello had a population of 2490 in the 2004 census.

Idlib Governorate
Idlib Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة ادلب, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Idlib) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in northwestern Syria, bordering Turkey's Hatay province to the north, Aleppo Governorate to the east, Hama Governorate to the south, and Latakia Governorate to the west. Reports of its area vary, depending on the source, from 5,933 square kilometres (2,291 sq mi)2 to 6,097 square kilometres (2,354 sq mi)2. The provincial capital is Idlib.
Coleophora motacillella
Coleophora motacillella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found from France to southern Russia and from Denmark to Austria and Romania.

Adults are on wing in July and August.

The larvae feed on Chenopodium and Atriplex species. They feed on the generative organs of their host plant.

Coleophoridae
The Coleophoridae are a family of small moths, belonging to the huge superfamily Gelechioidea. Collectively known as case-bearers, casebearing moths or case moths, this family is represented on all continents, but the majority are found in temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere. They are most common in the Palearctic, and rare in sub-Saharan Africa, South America, and Australia; consequently, they probably originated (like most or all other Gelechioidea families) in northern Eurasia. They are relatively common in houses, they seek out moist areas to rest and procreate.
Tonge, Middleton
Tonge is a residential and industrial area of Middleton, in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, Greater Manchester. It lies on the east side of Middleton between the town centre and its border with Chadderton in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham.

Tonge was formerly a township in its own right, until the area was incorporated into the Municipal Borough of Middleton as part of local government reforms in the late 19th century. Its area includes localities such as Moorclose and part of the districts of Mills Hill and Middleton Junction.

Tonge Hall was the manor house for the township. The place-name of Tonge, although no longer widely used in the area, stills survives in the district in the names of several streets and a long standing sports club, Tonge Social & Bowling club, established in 1923.

Mills Hill railway station is located in this district.

Middleton Technology School lies within this district.

Township
A township is a form of human settlement or administrative subdivision. Its exact definition varies among countries.

Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, this tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Canada, Scotland, and parts of the United States, the term refers to settlements too small or scattered to be considered urban.
PFK Svetkavitsa 1922
Profesionalen futbolen klub Svetkavitsa 1922 (Bulgarian: Професионален футболен клуб „Светкавица 1922“; English: Svetkavitsa 1922 Professional Football Club) is a Bulgarian football club based in Targovishte, which currently competes in Bulgaria's third tier, the North-East Third League. They play their home matches at the local Dimitar Burkov Stadium.

Svetkavitsa have competed in the second division for a record 49 seasons, playing more second-flight league games than any other Bulgarian team.

Svetkavitsa played in the top tier for the first time during season  2011–12. They were relegated after winning just one of their 30 games. In 2013, the club was dissolved due to financial problems, but it was refounded the same year. Since then, the club has been mostly competing in the third tier.

The name of the club, Svetkavitsa, means lightning in Bulgarian, which is reflected on the club emblem.

Football club (association football)
In association football, a football club (or association football club, alternatively soccer club) is a sports club that acts as an entity through which association football teams organise their sporting activities. The club can exist either as an independent unit or as part of a larger sports organization as a subsidiary of the parent club or organization.

The sport of association football allows teams that partake in some sort of club activity to participate in tournaments such as leagues and other competitions. Teams must register their players as well as staff and other personnel to be eligible to represent the club in any activity as it regards to association football competitions.
Stoner Creek Rural Historic District
The Stoner Creek Rural Historic District, in Bourbon County, Kentucky near Paris, Kentucky, is a 22,000 acres (89 km2) historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

It included 526 contributing buildings, 207 contributing structures, seven contributing objects and 33 contributing sites.

It includes work by landscape architect Jens Jensen.

Non-contributing resources include 367 buildings, 52 structures, and three sites.

It includes 10 historic farms. Each farm being known for its own specific thing.

Farms larger than 1,000 acres (4.0 km2) are:

Claiborne

Xalapa

Highland, post-World War II

Stonerside, post-World War II

Norton Clay Farm

Homer Short Farm

Ones larger than 500 acres (200 ha) include:

Auvergne, which has an antebellum main house and core of farmstead

Hillside

Hidaway

Hunterton, pre-World War II

Golden Chance, pre-World War II

Green Valley

It runs along Winchester, Stoney Point, Spears Mill, and N. Middletown Roads.

Paris, Kentucky
Paris is a home rule–class city in Bourbon County, Kentucky, and the county seat. It lies 18 miles (29 km) northeast of Lexington on the Stoner Fork of the Licking River. It is part of the Lexington–Fayette Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of 2020, it had a population of 10,171.
Columbia Plateau Trail
The Columbia Plateau State Park Trail is a 130-mile-long (210 km), 20-foot-wide (6.1 m) corridor in eastern Washington state maintained as part of the Washington State Park system. The rail trail runs along the abandoned right-of-way of the former Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway.

Rail trail
A rail trail or railway walk is a shared-use path on a railway right of way. Rail trails are typically constructed after a railway has been abandoned and the track has been removed; in addition, rails with trails share the rail corridor with active railways, light rail or with disused track. As shared-use paths, rail trails are primarily for non-motorised traffic including pedestrians, bicycles, horseback riders, skaters and cross-country skiers, although snowmobiles and all-terrain vehicles may be allowed. The characteristics of abandoned railways lend themselves to rail trails and account for their popularity; these include gentle grades, well-engineered rights of way and structures (bridges and tunnels), and passage through historical areas. Many rail trails are long-distance trails, while some shorter rail trails are known as greenways or linear parks.
Korea Armed Forces Athletic Corps
Korea Armed Forces Athletic Corps (Korean: 국군체육부대), commonly known as the Sangmu (상무), is the sports division of the Republic of Korea Armed Forces. Its headquarters are located in Mungyeong, Gyeongsangbuk-do. It was founded in 1984 by the integration of the athletic teams of ROK Army, ROK Navy and ROK Air Force.

North Gyeongsang Province
North Gyeongsang Province (Korean: 경상북도; RR: Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korean pronunciation: [kjʌŋ.saŋ.buk̚.t͈o]) is a province in eastern South Korea, and with an area of 18,420 km2 (7,110 sq mi), it is the largest province in the Korean peninsula. The province was formed in 1896 from the northern half of the former Gyeongsang province, and remained a province of Korea (as Keishōhoku-dō during Japanese rule) until the country's division in 1945, then became part of South Korea.

Daegu was the capital of North Gyeongsang Province between 1896 and 1981, but has not been a part of the province since 1981. In 2016, the provincial capital moved from Daegu to Andong.
Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase
Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase (BCAT), also known as branched-chain amino acid transaminase, is an aminotransferase enzyme (EC 2.6.1.42) which acts upon branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). It is encoded by the BCAT2 gene in humans. The BCAT enzyme catalyzes the conversion of BCAAs and α-ketoglutarate into branched chain α-keto acids and glutamate.

The structure to the right of branched chain amino acid aminotransferase was found using X-ray diffraction with a resolution of 2.20 Å. The branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase found in this image was isolated from mycobacteria. This protein is made up of two identical polypeptide chains, totaling 372 residues.

The biological function of branched-chain amino acid aminotransferases is to catalyse the synthesis or degradation of the branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. In humans, branched chain amino acids are essential and are degraded by BCATs.

Keto acid
In organic chemistry, keto acids or ketoacids (also called oxo carboxylic acids) are organic compounds that contain a carboxylic acid group (−COOH) and a ketone group (>C=O).  In several cases, the keto group is hydrated.  The alpha-keto acids are especially important in biology as they are involved in the Krebs citric acid cycle and in glycolysis.
Gil-Robles
Gil-Robles is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Álvaro Gil-Robles, b. 1944, Spanish lawyer, jurist and human rights activist

Enrique Gil Robles, 1849–1908, Spanish scholar and politician

José María Gil-Robles, 1935–2023, Spanish European politician

José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones, 1898–1980, Spanish advocate and politician

Enrique Gil Robles
Enrique Gil Robles (1849–1908) was a Spanish law scholar and a Carlist theorist. In popular public discourse he is known mostly as father of José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones. In scholarly debate he is recognized principally as one of key ideologues of Traditionalism; some authors view him also as major representative of a theory of law known as Iusnaturalismo.
Ernest Campbell
Ernest John Campbell (23 September 1903 – 13 July 1993) was a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada. Born in Chatham Township, Ontario, he was a farmer by career.

He was first elected at the Lambton—Kent riding in the 1957 general election and re-elected there in the 1958 election. He was defeated by John Burgess of the Liberal party in the 1962 election.

1958 Canadian federal election
The 1958 Canadian federal election was held to elect members  of the House of Commons of Canada of the 24th Parliament of Canada on March 31, 1958, just nine months after the 23rd election. It transformed Prime Minister John Diefenbaker's minority into the largest majority government in Canadian history and the second-largest percentage of the popular vote; only Unionist Prime Minister Robert Borden’s triumph in the 1917 federal election, at 56.93 percent, was higher. Although the Tories would surpass their 1958-seat total in the 1984 election, the 1958 result (achieved in a smaller House) remains unmatched both in terms of percentage of seats (78.5%) and the size of the government majority over all opposition parties (a 151-seat majority). Voter turnout was 79.4%, the highest percentage of eligible electors to cast a ballot in Canadian federal election history.
Windsor Green
Windsor Green is a hamlet in the civil parish of Cockfield, in the Babergh district of the county of Suffolk, England. It is about four miles away from the large village of Lavenham and about eleven miles away from the large town of Bury St Edmunds. For transport there is the A1141 road and the A134 road nearby.

Bury St Edmunds
Bury St Edmunds (/ˈbɛri sənt ˈɛdməndz/), commonly referred to locally as Bury, is a cathedral as well as market town and civil parish in the West Suffolk district, in the county of Suffolk, England. The town is best known for Bury St Edmunds Abbey and St Edmundsbury Cathedral. Bury is the seat of the Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich of the Church of England, with the episcopal see at St Edmundsbury Cathedral. The town, originally called Beodericsworth, was built on a grid pattern by Abbot Baldwin around 1080. It is known for brewing and malting (Greene King brewery) and for a British Sugar processing factory, where Silver Spoon sugar is produced. The town is the cultural and retail centre for West Suffolk and tourism is a major part of the economy. The built up area had a population of 41,280 at the 2021 census.
Dian (surname)
Dian is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Diarmait Dian (died 689), an Irish king

Michal Dian (born 1981), Slovak footballer

Padmini Dian (born 1986), Indian politician

Dian Wei (died 197), a general who served the Chinese warlord Cao Cao

Dian Wei
Dian Wei (pronunciationⓘ; died February or March 197) was a military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. Famed for his enormous strength, Dian Wei excelled at wielding a pair of jis (a halberd-like weapon), each of which was said to weigh 40 jin. He was killed in action at the Battle of Wancheng while covering Cao Cao's escape from Zhang Xiu's forces.
Loc-Dog
Aleksandr Mikhailovich Zhvakin (Russian: Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Жва́кин; born 25 January 1989, Ulyanovsk), better known under the stage name Loc-Dog (Russian: Лок Дог), is a Russian rap and hip-hop singer, lyricist, & songwriter. He is a former member of the group "Стороны Ра". He became the first Russian-speaking musician to perform electrorap (combining rap & electro music) & hip-house. To date, he has released nine albums: "Паранойя", "Всем до свидания", "Апокалипсис 2012", "Прилетел", Electrodog 2, "Дисконнект", "Себе не ври", "Крылья", "Шумный город", & "Счастье в простом".

Lyricist
A lyricist is a writer who writes lyrics (the spoken words), as opposed to a composer, who writes the song's music which may include (but is not limited to) the melody, harmony, arrangement and accompaniment.
Aero-Flight Streak
The Aero-Flight Streak was an American two-seat light aircraft built in 1946 by Aero-Flight Aircraft Corporation at Buffalo, New York. Advanced for its time, it was of all-metal construction with tricycle undercarriage, and accommodated the pilot and passenger in tandem beneath a sliding, bubble canopy.

Initially flown powered by a Continental C85, successively more powerful engines were fitted in an attempt to arouse interest in the marketplace. Due to the saturation of the light aircraft market in the years immediately following World War II, no production ensued and the project was dead by 1953.

Reciprocating engine
C. Crankshaft

E. Exhaust camshaft

I. Intake camshaft

P. Piston

R. Connecting rod

S. Spark plug

W. Water jacket for coolant flow

V. Valves

A reciprocating engine, more often known as a piston engine, is a heat engine that uses one or more reciprocating pistons to convert high temperature and high pressure into a rotating motion. This article describes the common features of all types. The main types are: the internal combustion engine, used extensively in motor vehicles; the steam engine, the mainstay of the Industrial Revolution; and the Stirling engine for niche applications. Internal combustion engines are further classified in two ways: either a spark-ignition (SI) engine, where the spark plug initiates the combustion; or a compression-ignition (CI) engine, where the air within the cylinder is compressed, thus heating it, so that the heated air ignites fuel that is injected then, in a diesel engine, or earlier, in a hot bulb engine.
Kuzma Alekseyev
Kuzma Alekseyev (Russian: Кузьма́ Алексе́ев), possibly his surname is Pilyandin, also known as Kuzya-the-God was a leader of Teryukhan unrest in 1806-1810, proclaimed himself a prophet.

Kuzya-the-God lived in Teryukhan Mordvin village of Makrasha. Combining the Mordvin traditional beliefs with Christianity and conjuring tricks he managed to instill into his deity. He arranged secret devotions in keremet (place of prayers) near Maloye Seskino village. This resulted in Teryukhans' growing cool towards Russian Orthodox Church. A troop was sent to arrest Kuzya-the-God. A court sentenced him to corporal punishment, marking and exile. In September 1810 he was birched in Dalneye Konstantinovo village, Teryushevskaya Volost. The same year he was exiled to Irkutsk Governorate, however there he continued his sectarianism activity.

Dalneye Konstantinovo
Dalneye Konstantinovo (Russian: Да́льнее Константи́ново) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Dalnekonstantinovsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Population:  4,777 (2010 Census); 4,986 (2002 Census); 5,122 (1989 Soviet census).
Karin M. Hehenberger
Karin M. Hehenberger is a Swedish physician, investor, business executive, and diabetes expert, known for her work in the field of biotechnology. She has written numerous articles on biotechnology that have been published in peer review journals and worked as an executive for different biotechnology companies and investment firms. She is a faculty member in the department of Molecular Medicine at the Karolinska Institute where she also obtained her M.D. and a Ph.D. in molecular medicine. She has lectured on the topics of autoimmune diseases, diabetes, molecular medicine and industry challenges as well as provided commentary for Fox News, Good Morning America Health, New York One, the USA Today and Forbes.

Business executive
A business executive is a person responsible for running an organization, although the exact nature of the role varies depending on the organization.

Executives run companies or government agencies. They create plans to help their organizations grow. Becoming an executive usually takes years of promotions and hard work since the qualifications of this role needs hard working individuals with years of experience in multiple facets of the business.
Channel America
Channel America (CA), officially Channel America Network, Inc., was the first United States terrestrial broadcast television network to be intentionally assembled out of LPTV, or low-power television licensees. The network was founded by David Post in 1987 and launched in 1988. It offered a 24-hour feed of mostly inexpensive programming, delivered to its affiliate stations, many owned and originally established by the network, via satellite.

Kissimmee, Florida
Kissimmee (/kɪˈsɪmi/ ⓘ kih-SIM-ee) is the largest city and county seat of Osceola County, Florida, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 79,226. It is a principal city of the Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Florida, Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Census Bureau defines an urban area with Kissimmee as the principal city, which is separated from the Orlando urban area. The Kissimmee–St. Cloud, Florida urban area had a 2020 population of 418,404, making it the 100th largest in the United States.
2004–05 Michigan State Spartans men's basketball team
The 2004–05 Michigan State Spartans men's basketball team represented Michigan State University in the 2004–05 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Spartans, led by 10th-year head coach Tom Izzo, played their home games at the Breslin Center in East Lansing, Michigan and were members of the Big Ten Conference. MSU finished the season 26–7, 13–3 to finish in second place in the Big Ten. They received a bid to the NCAA tournament for the eighth consecutive year and advanced to the Final Four before losing to eventual National Champion North Carolina.

2004–05 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team
The 2004–05 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team represented Duke University during the 2004-05 men's college basketball season. Mike Krzyzewski had turned down a $40 million offer in the offseason to become the head coach of the Los Angeles Lakers to return for his 25th season and rebuild a team that lost Chris Duhon to graduation, Luol Deng to the pros and recruit Shaun Livingston altogether for the NBA draft.  For the first time in five years, Duke was not picked to win the ACC.
Linz State Theatre
The Linz State Theatre (Landestheater Linz) is a theatre in Linz, Austria. The largest theater in Upper Austria (OÖ), it consists of  three venues: the Musiktheater am Volksgarten, the Schauspielhaus (formerly Großes Haus) and the Kammerspiele on the Promenade in Linz. The theater is managed by OÖ. Theater und Orchester, which also operates the Bruckner Orchester Linz and is wholly owned by the province of Upper Austria via the OÖ Landesholding.

Upper Austria
Upper Austria (German: Oberösterreich [ˈoːbɐˌ(ʔ)øːstɐraɪç] ⓘ; Bavarian: Obaöstareich; Czech: Horní Rakousy [ˈɦorɲiː ˈrakousɪ]) is one of the nine states of Austria. Its capital is Linz. Upper Austria borders Germany and the Czech Republic, as well as the other Austrian states of Lower Austria, Styria, and Salzburg. With an area of 11,982 km2 (4,626 sq mi) and 1.49 million inhabitants, Upper Austria is the fourth-largest Austrian state by land area and the third-largest by population.