hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Archimedean point
An Archimedean point (Latin: Punctum Archimedis) is a hypothetical viewpoint from which certain objective truths can perfectly be perceived (also known as a God's-eye view) or a reliable starting point from which one may reason. In other words, a view from an Archimedean point describes the ideal of removing oneself from the object of study so that one can see it in relation to all other things while remaining independent of them.

For example, the philosopher John Rawls uses the heuristic device of the original position in an attempt to remove the particular biases of individual agents to demonstrate how rational beings might arrive at an objective formulation of justice.

Heuristic
A heuristic or heuristic technique (problem solving, mental shortcut, rule of thumb) is any approach to problem solving that employs a pragmatic method that is not fully optimized, perfected, or rationalized, but is nevertheless "good enough" as an approximation or attribute substitution. Where finding an optimal solution is impossible or impractical, heuristic methods can be used to speed up the process of finding a satisfactory solution. Heuristics can be mental shortcuts that ease the cognitive load of making a decision.

Heuristic reasoning is often based on induction, or on analogy ... Induction is the process of discovering general laws ... Induction tries to find regularity and coherence ... Its most conspicuous instruments are generalization, specialization, analogy. [...] Heuristic discusses human behavior in the face of problems [... that have been] preserved in the wisdom of proverbs.
Roger Tangri
Roger Tangri (born in Glasgow, Scotland in 1941) is a British as well as United States citizen. He is a political scientist and Africanist with an expertise in the politics of Ghana and Uganda.

Tangri has previously taught at the University of Botswana, the International Institute of Social Studies in The Hague, the US Foreign Service Institute, the University of Maryland, College Park, the School of International Service at the American University, Makerere University in Uganda, the National University of Lesotho, the University of Ghana, the American University in Cairo, the University of Malawi, the University of Zambia, the University of Sierra Leone, the University of Manchester in England, and the University of Nairobi.

University of Botswana
The University of Botswana (UB) was established in 1982, as the first institution of higher education in Botswana. The university currently has three campuses: one in the capital city Gaborone, one in Francistown, and another in Maun. The University of Botswana is divided into six faculties: Business, Education, Engineering, Humanities, Health Sciences, Science and Social Sciences and the Sir Ketumile Masire Teaching Hospital. UB is ranked 1201–1500 in the world and 21st in sub-Saharan Africa in the 2024 Times Higher Education World University Ranking.
Tsveta Karayancheva
Tsveta Valcheva Karayancheva (born 25 February 1968) is a Bulgarian engineer and politician who served as Speaker of the National Assembly from 2017 to 2021. A member of the GERB party, she also served as Member of the National Assembly from 2009 to 2021, before returning in 2024.

Rumen Radev
Rumen Georgiev Radev (born 18 June 1963) is a Bulgarian politician and former Bulgarian Air Force officer who served as the president of Bulgaria from 2017 until his resignation in 2026, the first to do so in Bulgaria's post-communist history.

Born in Dimitrovgrad, Radev served as higher commander of the Bulgarian Air Force prior to his term in office, holding the rank of major general. He won the 2016 presidential election as an independent candidate supported by the Bulgarian Socialist Party, defeating GERB candidate Tsetska Tsacheva in the second round. He won a second term in the 2021 election, with 66% of the vote in the second round.
Embassy of Liberia, Washington, D.C.
The Embassy of Liberia in Washington, D.C. is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Liberia to the United States. It is located at 5201 16th Street Northwest, Washington, D.C. in the 16th Street Heights neighborhood. The property was initially purchased to be the ambassador's residence, but Ambassador Charles D.B. King later purchased a different residence.

Northwest (Washington, D.C.)
Northwest (NW or N.W.) is the northwestern quadrant of Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States, and is located north of the National Mall and west of North Capitol Street. It is the largest of the four quadrants of the city (NW, NE, SW and SE), and it includes the central business district, the Federal Triangle, and the museums along the northern side of the National Mall, as well as many of the District's historic neighborhoods.

Politically, Northwest is made up of parts of Wards 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, with Wards 1 and 3 being the only wards located entirely within the quadrant. The Northwest is the wealthiest quadrant of the city, particularly west of 16th Street.
Setterfield
Setterfield is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Diane Setterfield (born 1964), English writer

Ivor Setterfield, British conductor and singer

Valda Setterfield (1934–2023), English dancer and actress

Valda Setterfield
Valda Setterfield (September 17, 1934 – April 9, 2023) was a British-born American postmodern dancer and actress. She was noted for her work as a soloist with the Merce Cunningham Dance Company and for her performances in works by her husband, postmodern choreographer and director David Gordon. She was described as his muse, and together they were called "The Barrymores of post-modern dance." Their son, playwright, theatrical director and actor Ain Gordon, has worked with Setterfield on a number of projects as well.
Machinjioni
Machinjioni is an administrative ward in Kigoma-Ujiji District of Kigoma Region in Tanzania. 
The ward covers an area of 1.1 km2 (0.42 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 839 m (2,753 ft). In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 3,814 people in the ward, from 3,465 in 2012.: 123 : 150

Kigoma Region
Kigoma Region (Mkoa wa Kigoma in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions, with the city of  Kigoma as the regional capital. Kigoma Region borders Kagera Region, Geita Region, Katavi Region, Tabora Region, DRC and Burundi According to the 2012 national census, the region had a population of 2,127,930, which was higher than the pre-census projection of 1,971,332.: page 2  For 2002–2012, the region's 2.4 percent average annual population growth rate was tied for the fourteenth highest in the country.: page 4  It was also the sixteenth most densely populated region with 57 people per square kilometer.: page 6  With a size of 45,066 square kilometres (17,400 sq mi), the region is slightly smaller than Estonia (45,227 square kilometres (17,462 sq mi)).
Mohamed Sowan
Mohamed Sowan (Arabic: محمد صوان) is a Libyan Islamist activist and politician. He has been the leader of the Justice and Development Party since its foundation in March 2012. The Justice and Development Party is the political wing of the Libyan Muslim Brotherhood. Sowan is from the city of Misrata. He was imprisoned by the deposed Libyan Arab Jamahiriya government, until he was released in 2006 and subsequently worked as a hotel manager.

Misrata
Misrata (/mɪsˈrɑːtə/ miss-RAH-tə; Arabic: مصراتة, romanized: Miṣrāta, Libyan Arabic: Məṣrāta; also spelled Misratah and known by the Italian spelling Misurata) is a city in northwestern Libya located in the Misrata District, situated 187 km (116 mi) to the east of Tripoli on the Mediterranean coast near Cape Misrata. With a population of about 881,000, it is the third-largest city in Libya, after Tripoli and Benghazi. It is the capital city of the Misrata District and has been called the economic and trade capital of Libya. Its harbor is at Qasr Ahmad.
Schizostachyum lima
Schizostachyum lima is a species of flowering plant in the family Poaceae. It is a bamboo that in Tagalog is commonly called anos / bokawe / bocaue, and in Cebuano: bagakay. It is propagated using seeds or rhizome cuttings. In the Philippines, it is often used for making sawali, fishing rods, and musical instruments. In some rural areas of the country, midwives still use sharp knives made of Schizostachyum lima to cut the newborn's umbilical cord.

The name of the Barangay (village) of Anos in Los Baños, Laguna is derived from this species.

Umbilical cord
In placental mammals, the umbilical cord (also called the navel string, birth cord or funiculus umbilicalis) is a conduit between the developing embryo or fetus and the placenta. During prenatal development, the umbilical cord is physiologically and genetically part of the fetus and (in humans) normally contains two arteries (the umbilical arteries) and one vein (the umbilical vein), buried within Wharton's jelly. The umbilical vein supplies the fetus with oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the placenta.  Conversely, the fetal heart pumps low-oxygen, nutrient-depleted blood through the umbilical arteries back to the placenta.
George Bloom
George Jay Bloom III (December 22, 1956 – November 11, 2025) was an American television director and visual effects artist. He was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award in the category Outstanding Emerging Media Program for his work on the television program Stranger Things. His nomination was shared with Craig Weiss and Jim Berndt.

Bloom died at the Providence Little Company of Mary Medical Center in Torrance, California, on November 11, 2025, at the age of 68.

Torrance, California
Torrance is a city in the Los Angeles metropolitan area in southwestern Los Angeles County, California, United States, neighboring Redondo Beach, Rolling Hills Estates, Palos Verdes Estates, and Lomita. The city is part of what is known as the South Bay region. Torrance has a moderate year-round climate with average rainfall of 12 inches (300 mm) per year. Torrance has one and a half miles (2.4 km) of beachfront abutting Santa Monica Bay and 30 parks. It is the birthplace of the American Youth Soccer Organization (AYSO). The population was 147,067 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 139,576 in 2024.
The Rose of Stamboul (1953 film)
The Rose of Stamboul (German: Die Rose von Stambul) is a 1953 West German musical film directed by Karl Anton and starring Inge Egger, Albert Lieven and Grethe Weiser. It was shot at the Tempelhof Studios in West Berlin and on location in Istanbul. The film's sets were designed by the art director Erich Kettelhut. It is based on Leo Fall's 1916 operetta of the same name.

Erich Kettelhut
Erich Karl Heinrich Kettelhut (1 November 1893 – 13 March 1979) was a German production designer, art director and set decorator. Kettelhut is considered one of the most important artists in the history of early German cinema, mainly for his set direction for Die Nibelungen (1924) and his design and visual effects for Metropolis (1927). His early career was defined by a working relationship with fellow designers Otto Hunte and Karl Vollbrecht, the trio working on many of Fritz Lang's early German films. Despite being best known for his iconic visuals on several of the most important films of German Expressionist cinema, he is also noted for a career spanning into the 1960s and his work on more light-hearted films and musicals.
Franz Volkmar Fritzsche
Franz Volkmar Fritzsche (26 January 1806 in Steinbach bei Borna – 17 March 1887) was a German classical philologist. He was the son of theologian Christian Friedrich Fritzsche (1776–1850).

He studied under philologist Gottfried Hermann (his future father-in-law) at the University of Leipzig, where in 1825 he received his habilitation. In 1828, he succeeded Immanuel Gottlieb Huschke (1761–1828) as professor of rhetoric and belles-lettres (teaching classes in classical literature) at the University of Rostock. At Rostock, he founded a philological seminar, and in 1836/37, he served as university rector.

Belles-lettres
Belles-lettres (French pronunciation: [bɛl lɛtʁ]) is a category of writing, originally meaning beautiful or fine writing. In the modern narrow sense, it is a label for literary works that do not fall into the major categories such as fiction, poetry, or drama. The phrase is sometimes used pejoratively for writing that focuses on the aesthetic qualities of language rather than its practical application. A writer of belles-lettres is a belletrist.
Abdel Salam Qaderboh
Abdel Salam Qaderboh (Arabic: عبد السلام قادربوه 1936–1988) was a Libyan poet, writer, teacher, journalist, and researcher in Libyan folk heritage. He is considered one of the most prominent Libyan poets who wrote in both colloquial and classical Arabic. He was also one of the pioneers in writing free verse poetry in Libya.

Free verse
Free verse is an open form of poetry which does not use a prescribed or regular meter or rhyme and tends to follow the rhythm of natural or irregular speech. It encompasses a large range of poetic form, and its distinction to other forms (such as prose) is often ambiguous.  In general, the core characteristic of free verse is its flexibility.
Keith Baskin
Keith Barrie Baskin (born 15 December 1945) is a former Australian rules footballer who represented South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1960s and 1970s. He is one of few Jewish Australian rules footballers to have played at the top level.

The centreman crossed to South Melbourne in 1964 after Moorabbin was suspended by the Victorian Football Association (VFA). He initially moved to Sandringham, before deciding to try to break into league ranks with South. He stayed with South Melbourne for one season, before going to Myrtleford in the Ovens & Murray Football League.

He returned to South in 1967 and came third in the best and fairest count the following season.

In 1974 he spent a season as coach of VFA club Mordialloc.

Moorabbin Football Club
The Moorabbin Football Club, nicknamed the Kangaroos, was an Australian rules football club best known for its premiership success in the Victorian Football Association (VFA) during the 1950s and 1960s. During their time in the VFA, the club played its home matches at Moorabbin Oval and wore blue and white hooped guernseys. It previously achieved success in the Federal Football League, winning 12 premierships.
Bibbins
Bibbins is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Justin Bibbins (born 1996), American basketball player

Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, American epidemiologist and physician

Mark Bibbins (born 1968), American poet

Mark Bibbins
Mark Bibbins (born 1968 in Albany, New York) is an American poet and received an MFA from The New School.

He received a Lambda Literary Award for his collection of poems Sky Lounge (Graywolf Press, 2003), and was awarded a 2005 Poetry Fellowship from the New York Foundation for the Arts.

His 2020 book, 13th Balloon, is a book-length poem addressing the AIDS crisis of the 1980s and ’90s.

His 2014 book of poetry, They Don't Kill You Because They're Hungry, They Kill You Because They're Full (Copper Canyon Press, 2014), examines power, sexuality, and gender.

He currently teaches in the graduate writing programs at The New School, where he co-founded LIT magazine, and Columbia University. He lives in New York.
1989 Virginia Slims of Chicago – Doubles
Lori McNeil and Betsy Nagelsen were the defending champions, but both players competed this year with different partners. McNeil teamed up with Hana Mandlíková and were forced to withdraw in the quarterfinals, while Nagelsen teamed up with Mary Joe Fernández and lost in the semifinals to Larisa Savchenko and Natasha Zvereva

Savchenko and Zvereva won the title by defeating Jana Novotná and Helena Suková 6–3, 2–6, 6–3 in the final.

Larisa Neiland
Larisa Savchenko-Neiland (Ukrainian: Лариса Савченко-Нейланд, Latvian: Larisa Savčenko-Neilande; née Savchenko; also Larisa Neiland; born 21 July 1966) is a tennis coach and former professional player who represented the Soviet Union and Latvia. A former world No. 1 doubles player, Neiland won six Grand Slam titles: two in women's doubles and four in mixed doubles. She also won two singles titles and 63 doubles titles on the WTA Tour. She is listed in fourth place for the most doubles match wins (766) in WTA history, after Lisa Raymond, Rennae Stubbs and Liezel Huber. Neiland has been the coach of Ukrainian tennis player Daria Snigur since 2017.
Return of the Tyrant
Return of the Tyrant is the second EP release by Australian heavy metal band Lord. The title track is an almost ten-minute sequel to the song "Tarranno del Mar", which appeared on the Dungeon album One Step Beyond. Despite being over an hour in length, the band marketed this release as an EP. The release also features both an orchestral and radio edit of "Return of the Tyrant", plus versions of "Of Sins and Shadows" by Symphony X and "(I Just) Died in Your Arms" by Cutting Crew. There are also acoustic versions of songs from the Lord albums Ascendence and Set in Stone and of the Dungeon songs "Against the Wind" and "Paradise". The original project was intended as two separate EPs, one featuring just the acoustic songs and another with the new track and covers, but eventually all the songs were released together.

Dungeon (band)
Dungeon was an Australian melodic power metal band based in Sydney, considered by some as one of Australia's leading metal bands. The group existed from 1989 to 2005, released six full-length albums, and toured heavily both throughout Australia and internationally.
2025 Dutch Open – Doubles
Marcelo Demoliner and Guillermo Durán were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Michael Geerts and Tim Rühl won the title after defeating Mats Hermans and Mick Veldheer 7–5, 7–6(7–4) in the final.

Tim Rühl
Tim Rühl (born 31 March 1998) is a German tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 140 achieved on 16 February 2026 and a singles ranking of No. 962 achieved on 21 October 2024.

He won his maiden ATP Challenger doubles title at the 2025 Dutch Open.

Rühl played college tennis at Arizona State before transferring to TCU.
Hypericum lissophloeus
Hypericum lissophloeus, the smoothbark St. Johnswort, is a species of flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae. It is native to the Florida Panhandle. An erect perennial shrub reaching 12 ft (4 m), it grows on the edges of sink hole ponds and is adapted to survive widely varying water levels over the course of the year, from near drowning to drought.

Hypericaceae
Hypericaceae is a plant family in the order Malpighiales, comprising six to nine genera and up to 700 species, and commonly known as the St. John's wort family. Members are found throughout the world apart from extremely cold or dry habitats. Hypericum and Triadenum occur in temperate regions but other genera are mostly tropical.
Zihrun Raza Kasia
The Šarḥ ḏ-Zihrun Raza Kasia (Classical Mandaic: ࡔࡀࡓࡇ ࡖࡆࡉࡄࡓࡅࡍ ࡓࡀࡆࡀ ࡊࡀࡎࡉࡀ; "The Scroll of Zihrun, the Hidden Mystery") is a Mandaean religious text that describes rituals such as the masbuta, masiqta, and other related topics. It is an illustrated scroll.

Zihrun (referred to as Zihrun Raza Kasia or "Zihrun the Hidden Mystery" in full) is the name of an uthra.

The name Zihrun Raza Kasia is also mentioned in the Mandaean prayer Asut Malkia.

Adathan and Yadathan
In Mandaeism, Adathan (Classical Mandaic: ࡀࡃࡀࡕࡀࡍ) and Yadathan (Classical Mandaic: ࡅࡀࡃࡀࡕࡀࡍ) (Modern Mandaic pronunciation: [ɑdɑˈθɑn u jɑdɑˈθɑn]) are a pair of uthras (angel or guardian): 8  who stand at the Gate of Life in the World of Light (Right Ginza 15.8), praising and worshipping Hayyi Rabbi (Qulasta prayer 77). In the Ginza Rabba and Qulasta, they are always mentioned together. Book 14 of the Right Ginza mentions Adathan and Yadathan as the guardians of the "first river" (yardna qadmayya).

Along with Shilmai and Nidbai, Adathan and Yadathan are among the most frequently invoked uthras in Mandaean prayers, such as in the Asut Malkia. In Mandaean texts and prayers, Adathan and Yadathan are always mentioned together.
Nu-Mixx Klazzics Vol. 2
Nu-Mixx Klazzics Vol. 2 – Evolution: Duets & Remixes is a remix album by American rapper Tupac Shakur. The album was released through Koch. It is the follow-up to Tupac Shakur's Nu-Mixx Klazzics, released previously on October 7, 2003. Its original title was Evolution: Duets & Remixes, and was released on  August 14, 2007.

This release contains mostly remixes of recordings from two of his biggest selling albums, All Eyez on Me and The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory. Hip-hop producer and rapper Daz Dillinger, Sha Money XL, and Street Radio were part of the record production.

Remix album
A remix album is an album consisting of remixes or rerecorded versions of an artist's earlier released material. The first act who employed the format was American singer-songwriter Harry Nilsson (Aerial Pandemonium Ballet, 1971). As of 2007, the best-selling remix album of all time is Michael Jackson's Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix (1997).
Rysa Little
Rysa Little, commonly referred to as Rysa, is an uninhabited island in the Orkney archipelago in Scotland. It is approximately 32 hectares (79 acres) in area, and rises to 20 metres (66 feet) above sea level. The island’s name is used as a house name at Stromness Primary School, the other houses being Cava, Switha, and Fara.

It is situated in the Scapa Flow just offshore from the much larger island of Hoy and nearby is the islet of Cava. Between Rysa Little and Fara lies Gutter Sound, the scene of the mass-scuttling of the interned German Imperial High Seas Fleet in 1919.

Many of the smaller South Isles of Orkney lost their resident populations during the course of the twentieth century, but Rysa Little has not been inhabited since earlier times.

Gutter Sound
Gutter Sound is a sound in the Orkney archipelago, Scotland, part of Scapa Flow.  It lies to the west of the main harbour between the internal islands of Cava and Fara, and the large outer island of Hoy. Gutter Sound was one of the sites of the scuttling of the interned Imperial German High Seas Fleet in 1919,  and the scene of a major salvage operation in the 1920s. The remaining wrecks are frequently visited by recreational divers.
Xenothictis gnetivora
Xenothictis gnetivora is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Papua New Guinea.

The length of the forewings is 6.5–8.1 mm for males and 7.9–9.6 mm for females.

The larvae feed on Gnetum gnemon, Sterculia schumanniana, Celtis philippensis, Ficus nodosa, Ficus variegata, Artocarpus communis, Psychotria micralabastra and Leucosyke capitellata.

Gnetum gnemon
Gnetum gnemon is a gymnosperm species of Gnetum. Its native area spans from Mizoram and Assam in India down south through Malay Peninsula, Malay Archipelago and the Philippines in southeast Asia to the western Pacific islands. Common names include gnetum, joint fir, two leaf, melinjo/belinjo (Indonesian), bago/lumbay (Filipino), hanthu (Karbi) and tulip (Tok Pisin).
Ali Yafie
Kiai Hajji Ali Yafie (1 September 1926 – 25 February 2023) was an Indonesian faqih who was chairman of the Indonesian Ulema Council. He was a prominent figure of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), the largest Islamic organization in the world based in Indonesia, and served as a temporary chief adviser from 1991 to 1992. He was active as a principal of Pondok Pesantren Darul Dakwah Al Irsyad in Parepare, South Sulawesi, which he founded in 1947, and as a member of the advisory board for the Indonesian Association of Muslim Intellectuals (ICMI).

Hajji
Hajji (Arabic: الحجّي; sometimes spelled Hajjeh, Hadji, Haji, Alhaji,  Al-HadjListenⓘ , Al-Haj or El-Hajj) is an honorific title which is given to a Muslim who is attending and performing the Hajj during the specific period to Mecca}}Hajj to Mecca.