hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
21st Reserve Division (German Empire)
The 21st Reserve Division (21. Reserve-Division) was a unit of the Imperial German Army during World War I.  The division was formed upon mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 as part of XVIII Reserve Corps.  The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I.  The division was raised primarily in the Prussian Province of Hesse-Nassau, but one battalion of the 88th Reserve Infantry Regiment came from the Grand Duchy of Hesse, and some other troops of the division came from Westphalia and the Rhine Province.

Province of Hesse-Nassau
The Province of Hesse-Nassau (German: Provinz Hessen-Nassau) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1868 to 1918, then a province of the Free State of Prussia until 1944.

The Prussian province was officially formed in 1868 by a Royal Decree of 7 December 1868, which merged the two administrative districts of Kassel and Wiesbaden; however, it had already come into being through the annexations of Hesse-Kassel, Nassau, and Frankfurt in 1866 and was organized by decrees of March 1867 (concerning the municipal constitutions).
Arthur Prothero
Arthur Prothero (1905-2005) was a British solicitor. In 1948 he became one of the founders of the London Criminal Courts Solicitors' Association.

A son of John Arthur Prothero, one of the Metropolitan Police CID's 'Big Five', he is notable for instructing barrister Peter Rawlinson for the defence of Alfred Whiteway in his trial for the towpath murders. He also defended Jim Smith for the murder of a police officer in March 1960 as well as forming part of the defence team for Peter Wildeblood.

Criminal Investigation Department
The Criminal Investigation Department (CID) is the branch of a police force to which most plainclothes detectives belong in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth nations. A force's CID is distinct from its Special Branch (though officers of both are entitled to the rank prefix "Detective"). The name derives from the CID of the Metropolitan Police, formed on 8 April 1878 by C. E. Howard Vincent as a re-formation of its Detective Branch. British colonial police forces all over the world adopted the terminology developed in the UK in the 19th and early 20th centuries, and later the police forces of those countries often retained it after independence. English-language media often use "CID" as a translation to refer to comparable organisations in other countries.
Tavria V
Tavria V (Ukrainian: Таврія В) is a chain of 119 shopping centers in Odesa, Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi, Izmail, Chornomorsk, Mykolaiv, Khmelnytskyi, Kharkiv, Kyiv, Kherson. Key areas of business include: retail, wholesale, catering, production, construction and development, private label. Established in 1992, over 5000 workers employed. Every day, over 120,000 people shop at Tavria V shopping centers and supermarkets.

Tavria V retail chain’s target audience are urban dwellers with average and above average incomes. The shops offer a variety of products for both higher-income and lower-income clients. The latter is achieved by having specialized departments targeted at senior citizens.

The company has been the first in Ukraine to implement free bus routes for Tavria V supermarket visitors. Online Home & Office Food Delivery Service for these cities in Ukraine is available.

Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi
Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi (Ukrainian: Білгород-Дністровський, IPA: [ˈbilɦorod d⁽ʲ⁾n⁽ʲ⁾iˈstrɔu̯sʲkɪj]; Romanian: Cetatea Albă; Russian: Белгород-Днестровский, romanized: Belgorod-Dnestrovskiy), historically known as Aq Kirmān (Turkish: Akkerman) or by other names, is a port city in Odesa Oblast, southwestern Ukraine. It is situated on the right bank of the Dniester Estuary leading to the Black Sea, in the historical region of Budjak. It also serves as the administrative center of Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Raion and is coterminous with Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. It is the location of a large freight seaport. Population: 47,727 (2022 estimate).
Minimum-Pairs Protocol
The minimum-pairs (or MP) is an active measurement protocol to estimate in real-time the smaller of the forward and reverse one-way network delays (OWDs).  It is designed to work in hostile environments, where a set of three network nodes can estimate an upper-bound OWD between themselves and a fourth untrusted node. All four nodes must cooperate, though honest cooperation from the fourth node is not required. The objective is to conduct such estimates without involving the untrusted nodes in clock synchronization, and in a manner more accurate than simply half the round-trip time (RTT). The MP protocol can be used in delay-sensitive applications (such as placing content delivery network replicas) or for secure Internet geolocation.

Internet geolocation
In computing, internet geolocation is software capable of deducing the geographic position of a device connected to the Internet.

The general term internet geolocation refers to the process of localizing a device connected to the internet. For example, the device's IP address can be used to determine the country, city, or ZIP code, determining its geographical location. Other methods include examination of Wi-Fi hotspots and other radio signals.

Internet geolocation has several applications, including law enforcement, marketing, online regulation compliance, and delivery of specific services based on the user's location.
5th Arizona State Legislature
The 5th Arizona State Legislature, consisting of the Arizona State Senate and the Arizona House of Representatives, was constituted from January 1, 1921, to December 31, 1922, during the third term of Thomas Edward Campbell, as Governor of Arizona, in Phoenix. While the Senate remained at 19 members, the size of the House was increased from 35 to 39, with 3 additional representatives added to Maricopa County, and an additional representative for Pinal County. For the first time, the Republicans achieved a majority in one of the houses, the Senate, with a 10–9 edge, while the Democrats were able to barely hold on to their majority in the House, 20–19.

Arizona House of Representatives
The Arizona House of Representatives is the lower house of the Arizona Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Arizona. The upper house is the Senate. The House convenes in the legislative chambers at the Arizona State Capitol in Phoenix. Its members are elected to two-year terms, with a term limit of four consecutive terms (eight years). Each of the state's 30 legislative districts elects two state house representatives and one state senator, with each district having a population of at least 203,000.

The last election occurred on November 5, 2024, with the Republican Party securing a majority in the House.
Stan (surname)
Stan is a common Romanian surname. Notable persons with that name include:

Alexandra Stan (born 1989), Romanian singer

Alexandru Stan (born 1989), Romanian footballer

Kidnapping of Colleen Stan, the girl in the box

Daniel Stan (born 1978), Romanian footballer

Gabriel Stan (born 1952), Romanian football manager

Ilie Stan (born 1967), Romanian footballer and football manager

Lavinia Stan (born 1966), Romanian political scientist

Marius Stan (scientist) (born 1961), Romanian scientist and actor

Marius Stan (politician) (born 1957), Romanian footballer and football official, and mayor of Galați

Mircea Stan (born 1977), Romanian footballer

Sally Bould Stan (née Sally Waldner; 1917–2008), American architect in California

Sebastian Stan (born 1982), Romanian-American actor

Ștefan Stan (born 1977), Romanian singer

Valerian Stan (born 1955), Romanian military officer, human rights activist and civil servant

Alexandru Stan
Alexandru Constantin Stan (born 7 February 1989) is a Romanian footballer who plays as a left back for CS Tunari. In his career, Stan also played for teams such as Progresul București, Astra Ploiești or Concordia Chiajna, among others.
H. A. Hargreaves
Henry A. Hargreaves, Ph.D. (1928-2017) was a prolific Canadian science fiction writer. Originally from Bronx, N.Y., Hargreaves was a pioneer of Canadian short fiction as well as having an academic career that culminated with him retiring as a professor emeritus of English Literature at the University of Alberta.

His short fiction was collected in one of Canadian science fiction's earliest anthologies: North By 2000, published in 1975 and was re-issued as North by 2000+ in 2012 with additional material, with such short stories as "Fore" - Eight - Sixteen, In His Moccasins, Infinite Variation, and 2020 Vision.

Hargreaves released an introspective memoir Growing Up Bronx: A Memoir of my Shapers and Shakers in 2012.

In 2015, Hargreaves was inducted into the Canadian Science Fiction & Fantasy Association Hall of Fame, whilst living in retirement in Claresholm, Alberta, with his wife.

Hargreaves died on July 27, 2017. He was survived by his wife Margaret and his two daughters.

Claresholm
Claresholm is a town located within southern Alberta, Canada. It is located on Highway 2, approximately 91 km (57 mi) northwest of the City of Lethbridge and 125 km (78 mi) south of the City of Calgary.
Rita Schönenberger
Rita Schönenberger, née Heggli (born 3 December 1962) is a retired Swiss heptathlete who also specialized in the 100 metres hurdles and the long jump.

In the hurdles, she finished fourth at the 1987 World Indoor Championships. She also competed at the 1986 European Championships, the 1987 World Championships, 1988 European Indoor Championships, the 1988 Olympic Games, the 1992 European Indoor Championships, and the 1993 World Indoor Championships without reaching the final.

She also competed in the heptathlon at the 1986 European Championships, without finishing the competition following three invalid long jumps. She later finished ninth in the long jump at the 1992 European Indoor Championships and competed at the 1994 European Championships without reaching the final.

Her personal best hurdle times were 8.07 seconds, achieved in March 1988 in Budapest; and 13.07 seconds, achieved in September 1987 in Lausanne.

1987 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 100 metres hurdles
These are the official results of the Women's 100 metres Hurdles event at the 1987 IAAF World Championships in Rome, Italy. There were a total number of 26 participating athletes, with four qualifying heats, two semi-finals and the final held on Friday September 4, 1987.
Hungarian Fencing Federation
The Hungarian Fencing Federation (Hungarian: Magyar Vívó Szövetség, pronounced [ˈmɒɟɒr ˈviːvoː ˈsøvɛt͡ʃːeːɡ], MVSZ) is the national organization for fencing in Hungary. It was founded in 1914 and has been affiliated to the International Fencing Federation since 1917. Its headquarters is in Budapest.

Hungary has hosted the World Fencing Championships five times (in 1959, 1975, 1991, 2000, and 2013). The chairman of the Hungarian Fencing Federation is Zsolt Csampa (since 2012).

International Fencing Federation
The   International Fencing Federation  (Fédération Internationale d'Escrime) commonly known by the acronym FIE, is the international governing body of Olympic fencing. Today, its head office is at the Maison du Sport International in Lausanne, Switzerland. The FIE is composed of 155 national federations, each of which is recognized by its country's Olympic Committee as the sole representative of Olympic-style fencing in that country.
1995 Bank of the West Classic – Doubles
Lindsay Davenport and Arantxa Sánchez Vicario were the defending champions, but Sánchez Vicario did not compete this year. Davenport teamed up with Irina Spîrlea and lost in the quarterfinals to Kathy Rinaldi-Stunkel and Jill Hetherington.

Lori McNeil and Helena Suková won the title by defeating Erica Adams and Zina Garrison-Jackson 3–6, 6–4, 6–3 in the final.

Lindsay Davenport
Lindsay Ann Davenport Leach (born June 8, 1976) is an American former professional tennis player. She was ranked as the world No. 1 in women's singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for 98 weeks (including as the year-end No. 1 four times), and as the world No. 1 in women's doubles for 32 weeks. Davenport won 55 WTA Tour-level singles titles, including three majors (the 1998 US Open, 1999 Wimbledon Championships, and 2000 Australian Open), the gold medal at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics, and the 1999 Tour Finals. She also won 38 doubles titles, including three majors (the 1996 French Open, 1997 US Open, and the 1999 Wimbledon Championships) and three consecutive Tour Finals.

In 2005, TENNIS Magazine ranked Davenport as the 29th-greatest player (male or female) of the preceding 40 years. She amassed career-earnings of US$22,166,338; formerly first in the all-time rankings. Davenport was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2014.
Pichdeh, Nur
Pichdeh (Persian: پيچده, also Romanized as Pīchdeh) is a village in Owzrud Rural District, Baladeh District, Nur County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 52, in 23 families. Increased from 16 in 2006.

It is the birthplace of Mirza Husain Noori Tabarsi (Persian: میرزا حسین نوری طبرسی, Arabic: الميرزا حسين النوري الطبرسي) (1838 - 1902) popularly known as Muhaddis Noori who was a top Shi'a Islamic cleric and father of Islamic Shi'a Renaissance.

Mirza Husain Noori Tabarsi
Mirza Husain Noori Tabarsi (Persian: میرزا حسین نوری طبرسی, Arabic: الميرزا حسين النوري الطبرسي) (3 January 1839 – 29 September 1902) popularly known as Muhaddis Noori or Al-Mohaddith Al-Noori, was a Shi'a Islamic Scholar and Shi'a Renaissance.

He came from the town of Noor, Northern Iran in province Tabarestan and was a descendant of the Paduspanids, Spahbed of East dynasty. Mirza Husain Nouri  died at the age of 66 years in Najaf and was laid to rest on the right side of the entrance to the Mausoleum of Imam Ali.
Arena VFG
Arena V.F.G. is an indoor arena located in Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, part of Guadalajara metropolitan area, Mexico. The arena can accommodate between 3,500 and 15,000 people. It is mainly used for sporting events and concerts.

Tlajomulco de Zúñiga
Tlajomulco de Zúñiga  is the municipal seat and third most populous city in the municipality of the same name, located in the state of Jalisco in central-western Mexico. It forms part of the Guadalajara metropolitan area, lying to the southeast of it. The municipality covers an area of 636.93 km2. As of 2010 it had a population of 416,626, with a total urban population of 378,965.

Its name is interpreted from Nahuatl as "Land in the Corner."

As it is part of the Guadalajara metropolitan area, it has an industrial base and is a large commercial area. Guadalajara International Airport is located in the municipality.
Betberia Ghola railway station
Betberia Ghola railway station is a Kolkata Suburban Railway Station on the Canning Branch line. It is under the jurisdiction of the Sealdah railway division in the Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. Betberia Ghola railway station is situated at Banshra, Betberia Ghola in South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Eastern Railway zone
22°34′21.8″N 88°21′50.2″E﻿ / ﻿22.572722°N 88.363944°E﻿ / 22.572722; 88.363944

The Eastern Railway (abbreviated ER) is among the 19 zones of the Indian Railways. Its headquarters is at Fairley Place (Kolkata) and comprises four divisions: Howrah, Malda, Sealdah, and Asansol. Each division is headed by a Divisional Railway Manager (DRM). The name of the division denotes the name of the city where the divisional headquarters is located. Eastern Railway oversees the largest and second largest rail complexes in the country, Howrah Junction and Sealdah railway station, and also contains the highest number of A1 and A Category Stations like Howrah, Malda Town,
Sealdah, Asansol, Kolkata, Durgapur, Barddhaman, Jasidih, Madhupur, Rampurhat Junction, Bhagalpur, Jamalpur, Bandel and Naihati. Eastern Railways operates India's oldest train, Kalka Mail.
Charles Theriault
Charles Kenneth Theriault is an American politician from Maine. Theriault represented part of Aroostook County and resides in the town of Madawaska. He is a Democrat and was first elected in 2006. He was re-elected in 2008, 2010 and 2012. While in the Legislature, Theriault served as Chair of the Transportation Committee.

Theriault is the Director of the Madawaska Snowmobile Club and International Snowmobile Festival. A Franco-American, he was also involved in plans to bring the 2014 Acadian World Congress to northern Maine and Atlantic Canada and Quebec.

Atlantic Canada
Atlantic Canada, also called the Atlantic provinces (French: provinces de l'Atlantique), is the region of Eastern Canada comprising four provinces: New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. As of 2021, the landmass of the four Atlantic provinces was approximately 488,000 km2 (188,000 sq mi), and had a population of over 2.4 million people. The term Atlantic Canada was popularized following the admission of Newfoundland as a Canadian province in 1949. The province of Newfoundland and Labrador is not included in the Maritimes, another significant regional term, but is included in Atlantic Canada.
Anne de Xainctonge
Anne de Xainctonge (21 November 1567 – 8 June 1621) was a French religious sister who founded of the Society of the Sisters of Saint Ursula of the Blessed Virgin. She was declared venerable by the Roman Catholic Church in 1991.

Religious sister
A religious sister (abbreviated: Sr.) is a Christian woman who has taken public vows in a religious order dedicated to apostolic works. Though often referred to as nuns, they are canonically distinct. Nuns, religious sisters and canonesses all use the term "Sister" as a form of address. Religious sisters are found in various traditions of Christianity, particularly Catholicism, Evangelical Lutheranism and Anglicanism. In the Catholic Church, religious sisters are associated with a religious institute.
Irving baronets
The Irving Baronetcy, of Woodhouse and Robgill Tower in the County of Dumfries, was a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 10 September 1809 for General Paulus Irving, previously Commander-in-Chief of the West Indies. By his wife Lady Elizabeth St Lawrence (died 1799), daughter of Thomas St Lawrence, 1st Earl of Howth, he had two sons, each of whom inherited the title. The title became extinct on the death of the third Baronet in 1866.

Robgill Tower
Robgill Tower is a tower house near Kirkpatrick Fleming on the banks of the river Kirtle. It was one of a number of towers built along the border as protection against incursions by the English.

The tower was owned for centuries by Clan Irvine, also spelled as Irving, but a report from 1834 indicates that it was owned by James Smail by that time. He had acquired it from Sir Emelius Irving.
Cypress dome
A cypress dome is a type of freshwater forested wetland, or a swamp, found in the southeastern part of the United States. They are dominated by the Taxodium spp., either the bald cypress (Taxodium distichum), or pond cypress (Taxodium ascendens). The name comes from the dome-like shape of treetops, formed by smaller trees growing on the edge where the water is shallow while taller trees grow at the center in deeper water. They usually appear as circular, but if the center is too deep, they form a “doughnut” shape when viewed from above. Cypress domes are characteristically small compared to other swamps, however they can occur at a range of sizes, dependent on the depth.

Cypress domes form when pond cypress grow in shallow standing water. The ground level in the center of the dome may be several inches to a few feet lower than at the edge of the dome, but tree growth is more vigorous at the center of the dome. Thus, the treetops are higher at the center than at the edge of the dome.

Striped newt
The striped newt (Notophthalmus perstriatus) is a species of aquatic salamander native to the southeastern United States. It is a close relative of the eastern newt, with which it shares territory, and can be distinguished from the latter by the presence of red stripes running down the sides of its back and red spots on its back that lack a black outline.
Greg Cook (basketball)
Gregory Olin Cook (December 8, 1958 – March 19, 2005) was an American basketball player. Nicknamed "Cookieman", he played collegiately for the LSU Tigers and was renowned for his defensive prowess.

Cook posted his best statistics during his freshman season in 1976–77 when he averaged 11.5 points and 9.2 rebounds. He sat out the 1977–78 season before returning for his three final seasons. During those years, Cook helped lead the Tigers to an SEC tournament championship in 1980 and an NCAA Final Four appearance in 1981. He was selected by the New York Knicks as the 40th overall pick in the 1981 NBA draft but never played in the league. Cook played briefly in the Continental Basketball Association (CBA), appearing in five games for the Wyoming Wildcatters in the 1984–85 season.

Cook died in his sleep in Houston, Texas, aged 46.

SEC men's basketball tournament
The SEC men's basketball tournament is the conference tournament in basketball for the Southeastern Conference (SEC). It is a single-elimination tournament that involves all league schools (currently 16). Its seeding is based on regular season records. The winner receives the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA men's basketball tournament; however, the official conference championship is awarded to the team or teams with the best regular season record.
August Warberg
Johan August Warberg (5 May 1842 – 16 October 1915) was a Swedish stage and film actor and theater director whose career spanned over fifty years.

Warberg made his stage debut as an actor in 1861. During his long career as a stage actor and theater director, he worked the Vasateatern, Mindre teatern, Djurgårdsteatern, Södra teatern and the Svenska Teatern.

He married stage actress Anna Sofia Charlotta "Lotten" Warberg (née Magnusson) in 1865 and the couple had three children.
Before his death at age 73 in 1915, he also appeared in a number of silent films. All but one, 1916's Edmond Hansen-directed Ålderdom och dårskap, were directed by Victor Sjöström.

Swedish Theatre (Stockholm)
The Swedish Theatre (Swedish: Svenska Teatern or "Svenskan") in Stockholm was, at the beginning of the 20th century, Sweden's largest dramatic theatre. It was located on Blasieholmen in central Stockholm. During its years in use, from 1875 to 1925, it was often considered as Sweden's foremost national theatre (as opposed to the Royal Dramatic Theatre).
Irtysh Air
Irtysh-Air (Kazakh: АО Авиакомпания "Иртыш-Аир", romanized: AO Avıakompanııa "Irtysh-Aır") was an airline headquartered in Ekibastuz, Pavlodar Province, Kazakhstan. Despite the airline being based at Pavlodar Airport, it operated a domestic network within that country from its hub in Almaty International Airport. Irtysh-Air ceased operations in 2013.

Airline hub
An airline hub or hub airport is an airport used by one or more airlines to concentrate passenger traffic and flight operations. Hubs serve as transfer (or stop-over) points to help get passengers to their final destination. It is part of the hub-and-spoke system. An airline may operate flights from several non-hub (spoke) cities to the hub airport, and passengers traveling between spoke cities connect through the hub. This paradigm creates economies of scale that allow an airline to serve (via an intermediate connection) city-pairs that could otherwise not be economically served non-stop. This system contrasts with the point-to-point model, in which there are no hubs and nonstop flights are instead offered between spoke cities. Hub airports also serve origin and destination (O&D) traffic.