hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ludger Limited
Ludger Ltd is a biotechnology company with R&D and manufacturing facilities at the Culham Science Centre, Oxford, UK. The company specialises in technology for the measurement and control of biopharmaceutical glycosylation.

Culham
Culham is a village and civil parish in a bend of the River Thames, 1 mile (1.6 km) south of Abingdon in Oxfordshire. The parish includes Culham Science Centre and Europa School UK (formerly the European School, Culham, which was the only Accredited European School within the United Kingdom). The parish is bounded by the Thames to the north, west and south, and by present and former field boundaries to the east. It is low-lying and fairly flat, rising from the Thames floodplain in the south to a north-facing escarpment in the north up to 260 feet (80 m) above sea level. The 2011 Census recorded its population as 453.
Nikolai Avksentiev
Nikolai Dmitriyevich Avksentyev (Russian: Никола́й Дми́триевич Авксе́нтьев; 28 November 1878 – 24 March 1943) was a leading member of the  Socialist-Revolutionary Party (PSR). He was one of the 'Heidelberg SRs' (a group of Russian students at the University of Heidelberg in the 1890s), like Vladimir Zenzinov. These SRs were influenced by neo-Kantian philosophy and Marxism. As Chairman of the Provisional All-Russian Government, he headed the Russian state from September 23 to November 18, 1918. He was overthrown and arrested by the Minister of War, Alexander Kolchak, who proclaimed himself the Supreme Ruler of Russia.

Neo-Kantianism
In late modern philosophy, neo-Kantianism (German: Neukantianismus) was a revival of the 18th-century philosophy of Immanuel Kant. The neo-Kantians sought to develop and clarify Kant's theories, particularly his concept of the thing-in-itself and his moral philosophy.
Drew ministry (Ontario)
The Drew Ministry was the combined cabinet (formally the Executive Council of Ontario) that governed Ontario from August 17, 1943, to October 19, 1948. It was led by the 14th Premier of Ontario, George Drew. The ministry was made up of members of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, which commanded at first a minority of seats, and later a majority of the seats in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.

The ministry replaced the Nixon ministry following the 1943 Ontario general election. The Drew ministry governed through the 21st and 22nd Parliaments of Ontario.

Drew resigned after he lost his own seat in the 1948 Ontario general election, though his party sustained its parliamentary majority; he would soon go on to lead the federal Progressive Conservative Party of Canada.  Drew was succeeded as Premier of Ontario by ministry colleague Thomas Laird Kennedy.

1943 Ontario general election
The 1943 Ontario general election was held on August 4, 1943, to elect the 90 Members of the 21st Legislative Assembly of Ontario (Members of Provincial Parliament, or "MPPs") of the province of Ontario.
Serpa cheese
Serpa cheese (Queijo Serpa PDO) is a type of cheese from Serpa, Alentejo, Portugal. It has a Protected designation of origin (PDO) and is listed on the Ark of Taste.

Queijo Serpa is a cured, semi-soft cheese made with raw sheep milk and extracts of Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) as coagulant. According to a traditional manufacturing process, no Fermentation starter culture added and pasteurization is not used.

Some aspects of the traditional manufacturing process are rooted in religious beliefs such as the Muslin used to filter the curd being folded exactly forty times.

Protected designation of origin
The protected designation of origin (PDO) is a type of geographical indication of the European Union aimed at preserving the designations of origin of food-related products. The designation was created in 1992 and its main purpose is to designate products that have been produced, processed and developed in a specific geographical area, using the recognized know-how of local producers and ingredients from the region concerned.
Mary Jo Wills
Mary Jo Wills (born 1951) was the U.S. ambassador to Mauritius and Seychelles starting in February 2010.  She ended her term on February 26, 2011. At the time of her appointment, Wills was the Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary for African Affairs since January 2009.

Wills earned an earned a bachelor's degree in history from Chatham College in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1973 and M.B.A. in 1994 from Virginia Tech and has been pursuing a doctorate at their Center for Public Administration and Policy. She has a master's degree in National Security Strategy from the National War College.

National War College
The National War College (NWC) is a school within the United States' National Defense University. It is housed in Roosevelt Hall on Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C., the third-oldest Army post still active.
Wyatt Wishart
Wyatt Wishart is a former Canadian football player and wrestler.

A native of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Wishart was educated at Westgate Collegiate & Vocational Institute and Concordia University, where he was a middle guard on the Stingers varsity football team. He was picked up by the Edmonton Eskimos in the 1981 CFL draft, but was cut before the beginning of the season.

Wishart, a two-time All-Canadian varsity wrestler, won eight Canadian wrestling titles. He was a Pan American Junior Wrestling Champion and claimed two gold medals for Canada at the Commonwealth Games.

In 1993, Wishart was inducted into the Northwestern Ontario Sports Hall of Fame.

Amateur wrestling
Amateur wrestling is a variant of wrestling practiced at Olympic, collegiate, scholastic, and other levels. There are two international wrestling styles performed at the Olympic Games, freestyle and Greco-Roman, both of which are governed by the United World Wrestling (UWW).

At the middle school and high school levels in the United States, wrestlers compete in scholastic wrestling. In collegiate wrestling, there are minor differences in some scholastic wrestling rules.

The rapid rise in the popularity of the combat sport mixed martial arts (MMA) has increased interest in amateur wrestling due to its effectiveness within the sport and its consideration as a core discipline.
2019–20 Southeast Missouri State Redhawks men's basketball team
The 2019–20 Southeast Missouri State Redhawks men's basketball team represented Southeast Missouri State University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Redhawks, led by fifth-year head coach Rick Ray, played their home games at the Show Me Center in Cape Girardeau, Missouri as members of the Ohio Valley Conference. They finished the season 7–24, 3–15 in OVC play to finish in last place. They failed to qualify for the OVC tournament.

On March 3, head coach Rick Ray was fired. He finished at Southeast Missouri State with a five-year record of 51–104. On March 23, the school named former Kansas State assistant coach Brad Korn the new head coach.

2020 Ohio Valley Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2020 Ohio Valley Conference men's basketball tournament was the final event of the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season in the Ohio Valley Conference. The tournament was held March 4 through March 7, 2020 at the Ford Center in Evansville, Indiana.

Belmont defeated Murray State in the championship game of the tournament to receive the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament.
Bert Groen
Lubertus Cornelis "Bert" Groen  (born 28 March 1945 in Haarlem) is a Dutch corporate director and former civil servant and politician of the Reformed Political League (GPV) and his successor the ChristianUnion (ChristenUnie). From 2002 to 2003 he was a Senator for the latter.

Groen was Mayor of Oldehove and Bunschoten, and a member of the provincial parliament of Groningen.

Groen is a member of the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands (Liberated) and Knight of the Order of Orange-Nassau.

Order of Orange-Nassau
The Order of Orange-Nassau (Dutch: Orde van Oranje-Nassau) is a civil and military Dutch order of chivalry founded on 4 April 1892 by the queen regent, Emma of the Netherlands.

The order is a chivalric order open to "everyone who has performed acts of special merits for society.” These are people who deserve appreciation and recognition from society for the special way in which they have carried out their activities.

Titles, prefixes, or post-nominals are not used in the Netherlands – the only exception being the Military Order of William.
Censorship in Kashmir
Censorship in Kashmir involves the censorship of both news media and social media as part of the Kashmir conflict.

According to the Software Freedom Law Center, the internet in Kashmir was blocked at least 31 times from 2012 to 2016.

Internet censorship in India
Internet censorship in India is done by both central and state governments. Domain Name System (DNS) filtering and educating service users in suggested usages is an active strategy and government policy to regulate and block Indian access to Internet content on a large scale. Measures for removing content at the request of content creators through court orders have also become more common in recent years.
Markus Hacksteiner
Markus Hacksteiner (born November 18, 1964, in Windisch, Aargau) is a former middle distance runner from Switzerland, who represented his native country at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. There he was eliminated in the semifinals of the 1500 metres.

He finished eighth at the 1990 European Championships, and won a silver medal in 3000 metres at the 1988 European Indoor Championships.

1990 European Athletics Championships
The 15th European Athletics Championships were held from 26 August to 2 September 1990 in Split, Croatia, SFR Yugoslavia. The host stadium was Stadion Poljud.

It was the last participation of East Germany (which was already scheduled to be merged with the Federal Republic), the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia,  and SFR Yugoslavia.
Rose Finn-Kelcey
Rose Finn-Kelcey (4 March 1945 – 13 February 2014) was a British artist, born in Northampton. Finn-Kelcey grew up in Buckinghamshire as part of a large farming family, and went on to study at Ravensbourne College of Art and Design, and later Chelsea College of Art in London. She died on 13 February 2014 of motor neurone disease. She lived and worked in London from 1968.

Finn-Kelcey worked in a variety of media including performance, video, sound, installation, sculpture, photography, papercut and posters.

Chelsea College of Arts
Chelsea College of Arts is a constituent college of the University of the Arts London, a public art and design university in London, England.

It offers further and higher education courses in fine art, graphic design, interior design, product design, and textile design up to PhD level.
Massachusetts House of Representatives' 10th Bristol district
Massachusetts House of Representatives' 10th Bristol district in the United States is one of 160 legislative districts included in the lower house of the Massachusetts General Court. It covers parts of Bristol County and Plymouth County. Democrat Mark Sylvia has represented the district since 2025.

Bristol County, Massachusetts
Bristol County is a county in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 579,200. The shire town is Taunton. Some governmental functions are performed by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, others by the county, and others by local towns and cities. The county is the sixth most populous county in Massachusetts. Bristol County is part of the Providence metropolitan area, which is also included in Greater Boston. The county is adjacent to the state of Rhode Island. It is geographically adjacent to the Massachusetts counties of Plymouth, Norfolk, and Dukes (via water), and the Rhode Island counties of Bristol, Newport, and Providence.
Pinus raritanensis
Pinus raritanensis was a pine species from the Campanian stage. It was discovered in the Raritan Formation with other remains found in the Black Creek Formation along the American East Coast, particularly in New Jersey, South Carolina and Alabama. It is only known from foliage.

Campanian
The Campanian is the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous epoch on the geologic timescale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). In chronostratigraphy, it is the fifth of six stages in the Upper Cretaceous Series. Campanian spans the time from 83.6 (± 0.2) to 72.2 (± 0.2) million years ago. It is preceded by the Santonian and it is followed by the Maastrichtian.

The Campanian was an age when a worldwide sea level rise covered many coastal areas. The morphology of some of these areas has been preserved: it is an unconformity beneath a cover of marine sedimentary rocks.
Pseudomacrochenus
Pseudomacrochenus is a genus of longhorn beetles in the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:

Pseudomacrochenus affinis Breuning, 1960

Pseudomacrochenus albipennis Chiang, 1981

Pseudomacrochenus antennatus (Gahan, 1894)

Pseudomacrochenus oberthueri Breuning, 1955

Pseudomacrochenus spinicollis Breuning, 1949

Pseudomacrochenus wusuae He, Liu & Wang, 2017

Lamiinae
Lamiinae, commonly called flat-faced longhorns, are a subfamily of the longhorn beetle family (Cerambycidae). The subfamily includes over 750 genera, rivaled in diversity within the family only by the subfamily Cerambycinae.
Chitarwata Formation
The Chitarwata Formation is a geological formation in western Pakistan, made up of Oligocene and early Miocene terrestrial fluvial facies. The sediments were deposited in coastal depositional environments (estuarine, strandplain and tidal flats) when Pakistan was partly covered by the Tethys Ocean.

Paleomagnetic data indicates an age range of around 28 to 17 million years ago, with its base in the Oligocene, and its upper boundary, where it meets the overlying Vihowa Formation, of the Early Miocene.

Together with the Vihowa Formation, the Chitarwata Formation records the sedimentation of the Himalayan foreland basin during the collision of the Indian and Asian tectonic plates, the transition from marginal marine to fluvial environments, and the rise of the Himalayas.

Strand plain
A strand plain or  strandplain  is a broad belt of sand along a shoreline with a surface exhibiting well-defined parallel or semi-parallel sand ridges separated by shallow swales. A strand plain differs from a barrier island in that it lacks either the lagoons or tidal marshes that separate a barrier island from the shoreline to which the strand plain is directly attached. Also, the tidal channels and inlets which cut through barrier islands are absent. Strand plains typically are created by the redistribution by waves and longshore currents of coarse sediment on either side of a river mouth. Thus, they are part of one type of wave-dominated delta.

Examples of strand plains:

Western Louisiana

Eastern Texas

West coast of Namibia

South-east and south-west coasts of Australia, and in the Gulf of Carpentaria

Letea and Caraorman, Danube Delta, Romania

Kustvlakte, Suriname

Cayo Costa, Florida
Doğa
Doğa (meaning nature in Turkish) or Birdlife Turkey is an organisation which defends the rights of nature in Turkey, both birds and biodiversity in general. It is the Turkish partner of BirdLife International, and a member of the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

Erciyes University helped with the national bird observations database Kuşbank, which is part of eBird.

Wildlife of Turkey
The wildlife of Turkey is abundant and diverse. Turkey is a large country with many geographic and climatic regions and a great diversity of plants and animals, each suited to its own particular habitat. About 1,500 species of vertebrates and 19,000 species of invertebrates have been recorded in the country. Some of the world's staple crops were first cultivated in this area and many of their wild relatives are still found here. The country acts as a crossroads for many birds during migration, connecting Europe, Asia, and the Near East.
Mayfield City School District
Mayfield City School District is a public school district in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. The district serves four communities in the Greater Cleveland area, which previously comprised Mayfield Township: Gates Mills, Highland Heights, Mayfield Heights, and Mayfield Village.

The district's six schools are Mayfield High School; Mayfield Middle School; and Center, Gates Mills, Lander and Millridge elementary schools. The district also operates consortium programs for students from neighboring school districts, including the Cuyahoga East Vocational Education Consortium (CEVEC) and Excel TECC, which provide occupational and technical training.

Greater Cleveland
The Cleveland metropolitan area, or Greater Cleveland, is the metropolitan area surrounding the city of Cleveland, Ohio, United States. The six-county Cleveland, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) as defined by the Office of Management and Budget consists of Cuyahoga, Ashtabula, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, and Medina counties in northeast Ohio, with a total population of 2,185,825. This makes it the 33rd-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the third largest in Ohio.

The metro area is also part of the larger Cleveland-Akron-Canton, OH Combined Statistical Area, which, with over 3.7 million people, is the 17th most populous combined statistical area in the nation. Northeast Ohio refers to a larger region that includes Greater Cleveland, as well as metropolitan Akron, Canton, Youngstown, and surrounding rural areas. Greater Cleveland is part of what is known historically as the Connecticut Western Reserve.
Hayburn's Case
Hayburn's Case, 2 U.S. (2 Dall.) 409 (1792), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States was invited to rule on whether certain non-judicial duties could be assigned by Congress to the federal circuit courts in their official capacity. This was the first time that the Supreme Court addressed the issue of justiciability. Congress eventually reassigned the duties in question, and the Supreme Court never gave judgment in this case.

Justiciability
Justiciability concerns the limits upon legal issues over which a court can exercise its judicial authority. It includes, but is not limited to, the legal concept of standing, which is used to determine if the party bringing the suit is a party appropriate to establishing whether an actual adversarial issue exists. Essentially, justiciability seeks to address whether a court possesses the ability to provide adequate resolution of the dispute; where a court believes that it cannot offer such a final determination, the matter is not justiciable.
Witta, son of Wecta
Witta son of Wecta is mentioned as a Jutish chieftain in the 449 entry of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as the father of Wihtgils and the grandfather of Hengest and Horsa.  He also appears in the same role in Henry of Huntingdon's Historia Anglorum. He is most probably mythological, but as a historical person he would have been born around 400 AD.

Anglo-Saxon royal genealogies
A number of royal genealogies of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, collectively referred to as the Anglo-Saxon royal genealogies, have been preserved in a manuscript tradition based in the 8th to 10th centuries.

The genealogies trace the succession of the early Anglo-Saxon kings, back to the semi-legendary kings of the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, notably named as Hengist and Horsa in Bede's Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum, and further to legendary kings and heroes of the pre-migration period, usually including an eponymous ancestor of the respective lineage and converging on Woden. 
In their fully elaborated forms as preserved in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles and the Textus Roffensis, they continue the pedigrees back to the biblical patriarchs Noah and Adam. They also served as the basis for pedigrees that would be developed in 13th century Iceland for the Scandinavian royalty.
Al-Shinyah
Al-Shinyah (Arabic: الشنية, also spelled al-Shiniyeh) is a village in central Syria, administratively part of the Homs Governorate, located northwest of Homs. Nearby localities include Fahel to the southwest, al-Qabu to the south, Sharqliyya to the southeast, Taldou and al-Taybah al-Gharbiyah to the northeast and Maryamin to the northwest. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Shinyah had a population of 2,058 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Alawites.

Fahel
Leandro Fahel Matos or simply Fahel  (born 15 August 1981 in Teófilo Otoni), is a Brazilian football coach and former player who played as a defensive midfielder.

He previously played for Atlético Paranaense and Botafogo.
Empis trigramma
Empis trigramma is a species of dance flies, in the fly family Empididae. The thorax with yellowish sides, with three broad dark stripes. Abdomen is shining yellowish, with a dark central stripe. The fly's length is 4.5–6 millimetres (0.2–0.2 in).

Thorax (arthropod anatomy)
The thorax is the midsection (tagma) of the hexapod body (insects and entognathans). It holds the head, legs, wings and abdomen. It is also called mesosoma or cephalothorax in other arthropods.

It is formed by the prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax and comprises the scutellum; the cervix, a membrane that separates the head from the thorax; and the pleuron, a lateral sclerite of the thorax.

In dragonflies and damselflies, the mesothorax and metathorax are fused together to form the synthorax.

In some insect pupae, like the mosquitoes', the head and thorax can be fused in a cephalothorax.

Members of suborder Apocrita (wasps, ants and bees) in the order Hymenoptera have the first segment of the abdomen fused with the thorax, which is called the propodeum. The head is connected to the thorax by the occipital foramen, enabling a wide range of motion for the head.

In most flying insects, the thorax allows for the use of asynchronous muscles.
Cyberbullying
Cyberbullying (cyberharassment or online bullying/harassment) is a form of bullying or harassment using electronic means. Since the 2000s, it has become increasingly common, especially among teenagers and adolescents, due to young people's increased use of social media. Related issues include online/internet harassment and trolling. In 2015, according to cyberbullying statistics from the i-Safe Foundation, over half of adolescents and teens had been bullied online, and about the same number had engaged in cyberbullying. Both the bully and the victim are negatively affected, and the intensity, duration, and frequency of bullying are three aspects that increase the negative effects on both of them.

National Crime Prevention Council
National Crime Prevention Council is an American educational 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization in Washington, D.C. which works to help people to create safer communities by addressing the causes of crime, drugs and violence and reducing the opportunities for crime to occur.

The organization's mascot is McGruff the Crime Dog, a talking bloodhound dog character created to educate children about crime prevention. Paul DelPonte, a one-time federal whistleblower, was appointed to head the organization in 2021.