hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2025 London Marathon
The 2025 London Marathon was the 45th running of the London Marathon; it took place on 27 April 2025.

The Elite Men's winner was Sabastian Sawe getting to Buckingham Palace in 2:02:25 with the Elite Woman's winner being  Tigst Assefa in a time of 2:15:50 a new women-only marathon record.

The wheelchair races were both won by Swiss athletes with Marcel Hug winning his seventh title in a time of 1:25:25 and Catherine Debrunner winning for the third time in 1:34:15.

This 45th edition of London Marathon had 56,640 finishers crossing the finishing line at The Mall, breaking 55,646 finishers in TCS New York Marathon 2024 held at Nov 3 2024, being the newest Guinness World Record of largest number of finishers in a marathon.

Sabastian Sawe
Sabastian Kimaru Sawe (born 16 March 1996) is a Kenyan long-distance runner. He finished seventh in the senior men's race at the 2023 World Cross Country Championships.

In September 2022, Sawe set a Kenyan national record in the one hour run at the Memorial Van Damme with a distance of 21,250 metres, narrowly missing the world record.

In March 2022, he set a course record at the Rome-Ostia Half Marathon in a time of 58:02 (a non-record eligible course). He set a then half marathon best of 58:58 from his win at the 2022 Bahrain Royal Night Half Marathon. In December 2023, he won the 15 kilometres road race Montferland Run held in 's-Heerenberg with a time of 42:35. In September 2024, he won the Copenhagen Half Marathon in a new personal best of 58:05.

On 1 December 2024, he won the Valencia Marathon in a world-leading time of 2:02:05.
On 27 April 2025 he won the London Marathon in a leading time of 2:02:27.

On 21 September 2025 he won the Berlin Marathon in 2:02:16.
Mark (given name)
Mark is a common male name and is related to the Latin word Mars. It means "consecrated to the god Mars", and also may mean "God of war" or "to be warlike". Marcus was one of the three most common Roman given names. It is also used as a short form of Martin, a name which is either also of Latin origin and also meaning "warlike", or derived from Proto-Germanic elements "mar", meaning "famous" and "tank", meaning "thought", "counsel".

Roman naming conventions
Over the course of some fourteen centuries, the Romans and other peoples of Italy employed a system of nomenclature that differed from that used by other cultures of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea, consisting of a combination of personal and family names. Although conventionally referred to as the tria nomina, the combination of praenomen, nomen, and cognomen that have come to be regarded as the basic elements of the Roman name in fact represent a continuous process of development, from at least the seventh century BC to the end of the seventh century AD. The names that developed as part of this system became a defining characteristic of Roman civilization, and although the system itself vanished during the Early Middle Ages, the names themselves exerted a profound influence on the development of European naming practices, and many continue to survive in modern languages.
House of Anvers
House of Anvers is a chocolatier company in Latrobe, Tasmania, Australia. It was founded in 1989, by Igor van Gerwen, a Belgian-born chocolatier. It moved into its present location on the Bass Highway in 2002, in the historic Wyndarra Lodge. House of Anvers is the only Australian stockist of Fortunato No. 4, Nacional cocoa chocolate.

House of Anvers sells its chocolate in independent chocolate shops and IGA supermarkets, as well as at a purpose built store in Latrobe and chocolate themed restaurant. It is also a sponsor and host of Latrobe Chocolate Winterfest annually. House of Anvers are the favourite chocolates of the Belgium ambassador to Australia, Marc Mullie. House of Anvers was the first location to offer an electric vehicle charging point in Northern Tasmania.

in 2023, van Gerwen's book Chocolatier, which chronicles the foundation of Anvers, was awarded best chocolate book at the Gourmand International Cookbook Awards in Saudi Arabia.

Bass Highway (Tasmania)
The Bass Highway is a highway in Tasmania, Australia. It connects the three cities across the north of the state – Burnie, Devonport and Launceston. The road was named due to its proximity to the Bass Strait. It is a part of the National Highway, designated as National Highway 1, together with the Midland and Brooker highways in Tasmania.

The highway passes through or past the following localities:

Launceston

Prospect and other Launceston suburbs

Hadspen

Carrick

Hagley

Westbury

Exton

Deloraine

Elizabeth Town

Sassafras

Latrobe

Devonport

Forth

Ulverstone

Penguin

Burnie

From here, the highway ceases to be part of the National Highway, but continues as the Bass Highway (A2) through the following towns:

Somerset

Wynyard

Smithton

Marrawah
National Library of Korea
The National Library of Korea (Korean: 국립중앙도서관; Hanja: 國立中央圖書館; lit. National Central Library) is located in the Seocho District of Seoul, South Korea. It was established in 1945. It houses more than 10 million volumes, including over 1,134,000 foreign-language books and some of the National Treasures of South Korea.

National Treasure (South Korea)
National Treasure (Korean: 국보) is a national-level designation within the heritage preservation system of South Korea for tangible objects of significant artistic, cultural, and historical value. Examples of objects include art, artifacts, sites, or buildings. It is administered by the Korea Heritage Service (KHS). Additions to the list are decided by the Cultural Heritage Committee.

Many of the registered items are popular tourist attractions for South Korea. Examples include Jongmyo, Bulguksa, Seokguram, and the Tripitaka Koreana at Haeinsa. As of December 2020, there are 348 distinct entries on the list, some composed of a large number of sub-entries. The treasures are numbered according to the order in which they were designated, not according to their individual value.
Praobdellidae
Praobdellidae is a family of hematophagous leeches which live on the mucous membranes of mammals and sometimes invertebrates.  These are internal parasites that enter the body through natural orifices (usually nasal cavities and pharynx, more rarely the lower respiratory tract, anus, urethra, and vagina), and cause hirudiniases.

These species are characterized by a reduced number of teeth, and a posterior sucker larger than the previous one. The latter may be involved in fixation on moist surfaces such as mucous membranes.

A 2017 paper discovered they did not exclusively infest mammals; individuals were recorded feeding on a Japanese freshwater crab, Geothelphusa dehaani.

Urethra
The urethra (pl.: urethras or urethrae) is the tube that transports urine from the bladder to the urethral meatus of the penis or vulva in placental mammals, and in males also transports semen during ejaculation.

The external urethral sphincter is a striated muscle that allows voluntary control over urination. The internal sphincter, formed by the involuntary smooth muscles lining the bladder neck and urethra, is innervated by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system and is found both in males and females.
Pirshahbaz
Pirshahbaz (Persian: پيرشهباز, also Romanized as Pīrshahbāz) is a village in Sarvelayat Rural District, Sarvelayat District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 164, in 36 families.

Nishapur County
Nishapur County (Persian: شهرستان نیشاپور) is in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Nishapur, the second largest city in the province and the third largest city in Eastern Iran.
Lasizwe
Thulasizwe Siphiwe Dambuza (born 19 July 1998), mononymously as known as Lasizwe, is a South African YouTuber, media personality, television presenter and social media influencer. He rose to fame by humorously interpreting everyday human behaviour.

Notably, he broke new ground as the first African to helm a reality TV show on MTV Africa Lasizwe: Fake It Till You Make It, garnering three successful seasons in less than two years. This earned him a spot on Forbes magazine the Forbes Africa 30 under 30. He is the creator and host of the YouTube series Awkward Dates, in which he goes on blind dates with various celebrities and also the creator and host of the YouTube game show, Drink or Tell the Truth. He created a YouTube comedy series, Nomatriquency: The Funeral in 2025.

Fanta
Fanta (/ˈfæntə/) is an American-owned brand of fruit-flavored carbonated soft drinks created by Coca-Cola Deutschland under the leadership of German businessman Max Keith. There are over 200 flavors worldwide.

Fanta originated in Germany as a Coca-Cola alternative in 1940 due to the American trade embargo of Nazi Germany which affected the availability of Coca-Cola ingredients. Fanta soon dominated the German market with three million cases sold in 1943. The current formulation of Fanta, with orange flavor, was developed in Italy in 1955.
Chocoyero-El Brujo Natural Reserve
Chocoyero-El Brujo Natural Reserve (Spanish: Reserva Natural El Chocoyero-El Brujo) is located in the municipality of Ticuantepe in the Managua department of Nicaragua. Chocoyero-El Brujo is one of 78 protected areas in Nicaragua, and at just 455 acres (1.8 km2) this tropical forest is one of the smallest in size. Chocoyero-El Brujo was declared a natural reserve in 1993 is managed by the Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources (MARENA).

Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources (Nicaragua)
The Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources (MARENA), is in charge of environmental protection and of the study, planning, and management of the Nicaragua's natural resources. It was formerly known as the Nicaraguan Institute of Natural Resources and the Environment (IRENA). The ministry was created in 1979 by the Government of Nicaragua .
47th Siege Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery
47th Siege Battery was a heavy howitzer unit of Britain's Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA) in World War I, formed at Portsmouth with a nucleus of Territorial Force coastal gunners from Hampshire. It served in the Ypres Salient, on the Somme and at Vimy Ridge, before taking part in the Third Battle of Ypres. It then fought against the German Spring Offensive and participated in the final Allied Hundred Days Offensive. The battery was absorbed into the Regular Army after the war.

Counter-battery fire
Counter-battery fire (sometimes called counter-fire) is a battlefield tactic employed to defeat the enemy's indirect fire elements (multiple rocket launchers, artillery and mortars), including their target acquisition, as well as their command and control components. Counter-battery arrangements and responsibilities vary between nations but involve target acquisition, planning and control, and counter-fire.  Counter-battery fire rose to prominence in World War I.

Counter-battery radar detects incoming indirect fire and calculates its point of origin. That location data can be sent by a communications link to friendly forces, who can then fire on the enemy positions, hopefully before they can reposition (the "scoot" part of shoot-and-scoot tactics). Counter-RAM systems track incoming rocket, artillery, and mortar fire and attempt to intercept and destroy the projectiles or provide early warning to the target area.
DP code
DP is a free software package for physicists implementing ab initio linear-response TDDFT (time-dependent density functional theory) in frequency-reciprocal space and on a plane wave basis set. 
It allows to calculate both dielectric spectra, such as EELS (electron energy-loss spectroscopy), IXSS (inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopy) and CIXS (coherent inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopy), and also optical spectra, e.g. optical absorption, reflectivity, refraction index. 
The systems range from periodic/crystalline solids, to surfaces, clusters, molecules and atoms made of insulators, semiconductors and metal elements. It implements the RPA (random phase approximation), the TDLDA or ALDA (adiabatic local-density approximation) plus other non-local approximations, including or neglecting local-field effects. It is distributed under the scientific software open-source academic for free license.

Reflectance
The reflectance of the surface of a material is its effectiveness in reflecting radiant energy. It is the fraction of incident electromagnetic power that is reflected at the boundary. Reflectance is a component of the response of the electronic structure of the material to the electromagnetic field of light, and is in general a function of the frequency, or wavelength, of the light, its polarization, and the angle of incidence. The dependence of reflectance on the wavelength is called a reflectance spectrum or spectral reflectance curve.
Yanqin Wu
Yanqin Wu (Chinese: 武延庆) is a theoretical astrophysicist whose research concerns planet formation, protoplanetary disks, the effects on planets of photoevaporation, orbital resonance, and planetary migration, and the classification and distribution of exoplanets. She has theorized that planetary collisions have culled initially crowded systems until what remains is often on the edge of chaos, and used oscillations in the rings of Saturn to study the past history of the Solar System. Educated in China and the US, she has worked in England and Canada, where she is a professor in the Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics of the University of Toronto.

Edge of chaos
The edge of chaos is a transition space between order and disorder that is hypothesized to exist within a wide variety of systems. This transition zone is a region of bounded instability that engenders a constant dynamic interplay between order and disorder.

Even though the idea of the edge of chaos is an abstract one, it has many applications in such fields as ecology, business management, psychology, political science, and other domains of the social sciences. Physicists have shown that adaptation to the edge of chaos occurs in almost all systems with feedback.
The Country Wit
The Country Wit is a 1676 comedy play by the English writer John Crowne, part of the tradition of Restoration Comedy. It was first staged at the Dorset Garden Theatre in London by the Duke's Company. The cast included Samuel Sandford as Sir Thomas Rash, Thomas Betterton as Ramble, James Nokes as Sir Mannerly Shallow, Henry Harris as Merry, Cave Underhill as Booby, Matthew Medbourne as Lord Drybone, Anthony Leigh as Rash, Mary Betterton as 
Lady Faddle, Mary Lee as Christina, Elizabeth Currer as Betty Frisque and Elinor Leigh as Isabella.

Elinor Leigh
Elinor Leigh was a British stage actor of the seventeenth century.

Born Elinor Dixon, she was billed as Mrs Leigh or Mrs Lee after she married the actor Anthony Leigh in 1671. This has led to some difficulty distinguishing on playbills between her and the actress Mary Slingsby who also acted under her married name of Lee at the time. In addition another actress with the name Elizabeth Leigh was also active during the period.

She was a member of the Duke's Company in the 1670s which was then merged into the United Company from 1682, acting mainly at Drury Lane. Her husband died in 1692, and in 1695 she joined those who left to form a new company under Thomas Betterton at the Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre
How Do U Want It
"How Do U Want It" is a song by American rapper 2Pac from his fourth studio album, All Eyez on Me (1996). It was released on May 28, 1996, by Death Row and Interscope Records, and was his final single to be released during his lifetime. "How Do U Want It" features R&B duo K-Ci & JoJo, who at the time were best known as the lead singers of the R&B quartet Jodeci. The song received a Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group Grammy nomination in 1997.

Produced by Johnny "J", "How Do U Want It" samples Quincy Jones' 1974 song "Body Heat", and includes a diss towards civil rights activist and fierce rap critic C. Delores Tucker.  Tucker later sued 2Pac's estate, claiming that comments in this song, and on the track "Wonda Why They Call U Bitch" from the same album, inflicted emotional distress, were slanderous, and invaded her privacy.  The case was later dismissed.  A music video was created for "How Do U Want It" and its B-sides "2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted" and "Hit 'Em Up".

Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group
The Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group was awarded between 1991 and 2011, alongside the Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance.  Previously a single award was presented for Best Rap Performance.

The award was discontinued in 2012. All solo and duo/group rap performances have since been shifted to the revived Best Rap Performance category.

Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were presented, for music released from October a year and a half prior to September the previous year.
Uttar Kazirhat
Uttar Kazirhat is a village within the jurisdiction of the Bishnupur police station in the Bishnupur I CD block in the Alipore Sadar subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Community development block
In India, a community development block (CD block) or simply a block is a sub-division of a district, administratively earmarked for planning and development. In tribal areas, similar sub-divisions are called tribal development blocks (TD blocks). The area is administered by a block development officer (BDO), supported by several technical specialists and village-level workers. A community development block covers several gram panchayats, the local administrative units at the village level. A block is a rural subdivision and typically smaller than a tehsil. A tehsil is purely for revenue administration, whereas a block is for rural development purposes. In most states, a block is coterminous with the panchayat samiti area.
EXEcutional
EXEcutional (Thai: เอ็กซีคิวชั่นแนล มหาสงครามออนไลน์ถล่มจักรวาล; RTGS: Eksikhiochannaen Maha Songkhram Onlai Thalom Chakkrawan; lit. 'Executional: Online’s great war, attack the universe') is a Thai comic written and illustratated by Panuwat Wattananukul (Thai: ภานุวัฒน์ วัฒนนุกูล). The comic is serialized in the magazine that Licence from Shueisha Weekly Shōnen Jump name C-Kids Magazine (Siam Inter Comics) in 2005 When C-kids ceased publication in 2016 the comics is continued as a trade paperback until ending on Vol. 50 in 2022

Siam Inter Multimedia
Siam Inter Multimedia, operating as SMM Plus Co., Ltd., is a Thai mass media company. It publishes comics and novels through its publishing imprints Siam Inter Comics and SMM Publishing, and operated the sports news network SMM Sport.

The company was established in 1990 as Siam Comics Co., Ltd. before going public as Siam Inter Multimedia Public Company Limited in 2003 and being listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand in 2005. In 2019, it divested all its operations to newly created subsidiary SMM Plus, as the parent company was acquired as part of a backdoor listing and became Stark Corporation.

Among the company's best known publications was C-Kids, one of the leading Thai-language shonen manga magazines alongside Nation Edutainment's Boom. It was published from 1994 to 2016.
Marere wa Mwachai
Marerere Mwarapayo wa Mwachai is a Kenyan politician and was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Msambweni Constituency from 1997 to 2002. She also served as the assistant minister for Gender, Culture and Social Services. She lost the 1992 elections for Msambweni Constituency to Kassim Mwamzandi. She also lost the 2002 elections to Abdalla Ngozi. Mwachai worked as a school teacher before venturing into politics.

Kassim Mwamzandi
Kassim Bakari Mwamzandi was a Kenyan politician belonging to the Mijikenda ethnic group. He was KANU MP for the Msambweni Constituency from 1988 to 1997. He resided in Msambweni. Before entering politics at 23 years old, Mwamzandi served as a clerk in the African court. Serving in the regimes of Jomo Kenyatta and Daniel arap Moi, from 1975 he acted as an assistant minister in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Energy Ministry, Water Development and then the Ministry of Public Works. He died on 21 December 2023.
Ka-Ha-Si
Ka-Ha-Si or Duk-Toothl ("Black Skin") is a character in the mythology of the Tsimshian and Tlingit peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America.

In myth, Ka-Ha-Si holds up the earth, and earthquakes are a result of him adjusting his grip.

Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast
The Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast are composed of many nations and tribal affiliations, each with distinctive cultural and political identities. They share certain beliefs, traditions and practices, such as the centrality of salmon as a resource and spiritual symbol, and many cultivation and subsistence practices. The term Northwest Coast or North West Coast is used in anthropology to refer to the groups of Indigenous people residing along the coast of what is now called British Columbia, Washington State, parts of Alaska, Oregon, and Northern California. The term Pacific Northwest is largely used in the American context.

At one point, the region had the highest population density of a region inhabited by Indigenous peoples in Canada.
Mirigama Electoral District
Mirigama electoral district was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between August 1947 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Mirigama in present-day Gampaha District, Western Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Mirigama electoral district was replaced by the Gampaha multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections, the first under the PR system, though Mirigama continues to be a polling division of the multi-member electoral district.

Western Province, Sri Lanka
The Western Province (Sinhala: බස්නාහිර පළාත Basnāhira Paḷāta; Tamil: மேல் மாகாணம் Mael Mākāṇam) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka, the first level administrative division of the country. The provinces have existed since the 19th century but did not have any legal status until 1987 when the 13th Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka established provincial councils. Western Province is the most densely populated province in the country and is home to the legislative capital Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte as well as to Colombo, the nation's administrative and business center.
Zangskari language
Zangskari (Zanskari, Zaskari) is an endangered Tibetic language. It is a dialect of the Ladakhi language. It is mostly spoken in the Zanskar region of the Kargil district of Ladakh, India and also by Buddhists in the upper reaches of Lahaul, Himachal Pradesh, and Paddar, Jammu and Kashmir. It is written using the Tibetan script.

Zangskari is divided into four homogeneous groups, namely Oot (Stod) or Upper Zanskari spoken along the Doda River, Zhung (Gžun) or Central Zanskari mostly spoken in Padum valley, Sham (Gšam) or Lower Zanskari spoken along the lower portions of Zanskar River and lastly Lungnak (Luŋnag) along the upper Zanskar River region. A seminar on the documentation and revitalization of the Zanskari language was once held at GMDC Zanskar.

Zanskar River
The Zanskar River is the first major tributary of the Indus River, equal or greater in volume than the main river, which flows entirely within Ladakh, India. It originates northeast of the Great Himalayan range and drains both the Himalayas and the Zanskar Range within the region of Zanskar. It flows northeast to join the Indus River near Nimo.