hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hoodia flava
Hoodia flava is a succulent native to the Cape Province in South Africa and to Namibia. It has a unique pattern of distribution, growing inside bushes or on gravelly slopes and hills. It is commonly known as ghaap or yellow-flowered ghaap in the Afrikaans language.

Cape Province
The Province of the Cape of Good Hope (Afrikaans: Provinsie Kaap die Goeie Hoop), commonly referred to as "the Cape Province" (Afrikaans: Kaapprovinsie) and colloquially as "The Cape" (Afrikaans: Die Kaap), was a province in the Union of South Africa and subsequently the Republic of South Africa. It encompassed the old Cape Colony, as well as Walvis Bay, and had Cape Town as its capital. In 1994, the Cape Province was divided into the new Eastern Cape, Northern Cape and Western Cape provinces, along with part of the North West.
Haugesund District Court
Haugesund District Court (Norwegian: Haugesund tingrett) was a district court in Rogaland county, Norway. The court was based in the town of Haugesund. The court existed from 1867 until 2008. It had jurisdiction over Haugesund Municipality. Cases from this court could be appealed to Gulating Court of Appeal.

The court was a court of first instance. Its judicial duties were mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy. The administration and registration tasks of the court included death registration, issuing certain certificates, performing duties of a notary public, and officiating civil wedding ceremonies. Cases from this court were heard by a combination of professional judges and lay judges.

Gulating Court of Appeal
The Gulating Court of Appeal (Norwegian: Gulating lagmannsrett) is one of six courts of appeal in the Kingdom of Norway. The Court is located in the city of Bergen. The court has jurisdiction over the counties of Vestland and Rogaland plus Sirdal Municipality in Agder county. These areas constitute the Gulating judicial district (Norwegian: Gulating lagdømme). This court can rule on both civil and criminal cases that are appealed from one of its subordinate district courts. Court decisions can be, to a limited extent, appealed to the Supreme Court of Norway.  There are 33 permanent judges seated on this court. The chief judicial officer of the court (Norwegian: førstelagmann) is currently Magni Elsheim (as of 2016). The court is administered by the Norwegian National Courts Administration.
Romolo (Milan Metro)
Romolo is a station on Line 2 of the Milan Metro. The station is located between Viale Romolo and Largo Alberto Ascari. It is connected to the railway station of the same name. It was opened on 3 April 1985 as a one-station extension from Porta Genova.

Milan Metro Line 2
Line 2 is a subway line serving Milan, Italy, operated by ATM as part of the Milan Metro. It is also called the Green Line (Linea Verde in Italian), as it is visually identified by green signs.

The line runs from the southern to the north-eastern neighborhoods passing through the city centre, serving the north-eastern metropolitan area with two different branches. The line is 39.4 km (24.5 mi) long and has 35 stations. Line 2 is the longest line of the Milan Metro and is the only one running partially overground. The branch to Cologno Nord runs mostly on viaducts, while those to Assago and Gessate run on the surface.

The line has the southernmost and easternmost stations on the network (Assago Forum and Gessate).
Sibusiso Duma
Sibusiso Derrick Duma (born 6 May 1984) is a South African serial killer who was convicted of two murders in 2007 and five murders in 2009 and sentenced to 8 life sentences in prison. He was mostly active around the City of Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu Natal.

Duma partook in theft, kidnapping, torture, rape and murder. He worked as a taxi driver and used his vehicle as a weapon on occasion, as well as to obtain his victims. Duma's reasoning, victimology and methodology changed sometimes from victim to victim, indicating that he was a disorganised killer.

Pietermaritzburg
Pietermaritzburg (/ˌpiːtərˈmærɪtsbɜːrɡ/; Zulu: uMgungundlovu) is the capital and second-largest city in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa after Durban. It was named in 1838 and is currently governed by the Msunduzi Local Municipality.

The town was named in Zulu, after King Dingane's royal homestead uMgungundlovu. Pietermaritzburg is popularly called Maritzburg and is often informally abbreviated to PMB. It is a regionally important industrial hub, producing aluminium, timber and dairy products, and is the main economic hub of uMgungundlovu District Municipality. The public sector is a major employer in the city due to local, district and provincial government offices located here.

The city has many schools and tertiary education institutions, including a campus of the University of KwaZulu-Natal.
Histiophryne
Histiophryne is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes, the only member of the subfamily Histiophryninae in the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. These fishes are found in waters ranging from Taiwan to South Australia.  There are currently five known species.  These fishes are easily distinguished from other anglerfishes as having a reduced (or missing) luring appendage, a highly evolved form of the first dorsal fin spine.

Spine (zoology)
In a zoological context, spines are hard, needle-like anatomical structures found in both vertebrate and invertebrate species. The spines of most spiny mammals are modified hairs, with a spongy center covered in a thick, hard layer of keratin and a sharp, sometimes barbed tip.
Henry Koerner
Henry Koerner (born Heinrich Sieghart Körner; August 28, 1915 – July 4, 1991) was an Austrian-born American painter and graphic designer best known for his early Magical Realist works of the late 1940s and his portrait covers for Time magazine.

Chatham University
Chatham University is a private university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. Originally founded as a women's college, it began enrolling men in undergraduate programs in 2015. It enrolls about 2,110 students, including 1,002 undergraduate students and 1,108 graduate students.

The university grants certificates and degrees including bachelor, master, first-professional, and doctorate degrees in the School of Arts, Science & Business, the School of Health Sciences, and the Falk School of Sustainability & Environment.
Rail Clearways Program
The Rail Clearways Programme was conceived in 2004 with the aim of easing congestion of Sydney's suburban railway network, by reducing the amount of infrastructure shared by multiple services. The disparate projects at pinch points throughout the network were designed to increase passenger capacity and improve reliability. All projects were delivered by the Transport Construction Authority until it was subsumed in November 2011 by Transport for New South Wales. A new timetable was introduced in October 2013 that realised the benefit of many of the projects, and by January 2014 the programme was complete.

Transport for NSW
Transport for NSW (TfNSW) is a New South Wales Government transport services and roads agency established on 1 November 2011. The agency is a different entity to the NSW Department of Transport, which is a department of the state government of New South Wales, and the ultimate parent entity of Transport for NSW.

The agency's function is to build transport infrastructure and manage transport services in New South Wales. Since absorbing Roads and Maritime Services (RMS) in December 2019, the agency is also responsible for building and maintaining road infrastructure, managing the day-to-day compliance and safety for roads and waterways and vehicle and driving license registrations.

The agency reports to the New South Wales Minister for Transport, Minister for Roads and the Minister for Regional Transport. The ministers are accountable to the Parliament of New South Wales.
Hauwa Ojeifo
Hauwa Ojeifo (born 1992) popularly known as "The Voice of Mental Health" is a Nigerian sexual violence and mental health activist. She is the first person in Nigeria with a mental health condition to speak out in the Nigerian parliament about mental health rights and the first Nigerian female to have received a Queen's Young Leader Award for her work. She is the founder of She Writes Woman, a nonprofit organization working to give mental health a voice in Nigeria.

Female
An organism's sex is female (symbol: ♀) if it produces the ovum (egg cell), the type of gamete (sex cell) that fuses with the male gamete (sperm cell) during sexual reproduction.

A female has larger gametes than a male. Females and males are results of the anisogamous reproduction system, wherein gametes are of different sizes (unlike isogamy where they are the same size).

In species that have males and females, sex-determination may be based on either sex chromosomes, or environmental conditions. Most female mammals, including female humans, have two X chromosomes. Characteristics of organisms with a female sex vary between different species, having different female reproductive systems, with some species showing characteristics secondary to the reproductive system, as with mammary glands in mammals.

In humans, the word female can also be used to refer to gender in the social sense of gender role or gender identity.
Hexalectris colemanii
Hexalectris colemanii, or Coleman's crested coralroot, is a terrestrial, myco-heterotrophic orchid lacking chlorophyll and subsisting entirely on nutrients obtained from mycorrhizal fungi in the soil. It is a very rare species endemic to southern Arizona, known from only three counties (Pima, Cochise and Santa Cruz). It is closely related to H. revoluta and the two are sometimes considered varieties of the same species.

Mycorrhiza
A mycorrhiza (from Ancient Greek  μύκης (múkēs) 'fungus' and  ῥίζα (rhíza) 'root'; pl. mycorrhizae, mycorrhiza, or mycorrhizas) is a symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant, in which fungal hyphae and plant roots become interconnected and form an interface on the cellular level. The term mycorrhiza refers to the role of the fungus in the plant's rhizosphere, the plant root system and its surroundings. Mycorrhizae play important roles in plant nutrition, soil biology, and soil chemistry.

In a mycorrhizal association, the fungus colonizes the host plant's root tissues, either intracellularly as in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, or extracellularly as in ectomycorrhizal fungi. The association is normally mutualistic. In particular species, or in particular circumstances, mycorrhizae may have a parasitic association with host plants.
Lawson Soulsby, Baron Soulsby of Swaffham Prior
Ernest Jackson Lawson Soulsby, Baron Soulsby of Swaffham Prior (23 June 1926 – 8 May 2017) was a British microbiologist and parasitologist. In 1990 he was made a Conservative life peer and sat in the House of Lords until his retirement in December 2015.

Parasitology
Parasitology is the study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them. As a biological discipline, the scope of parasitology is not determined by the organism or environment in question but by their way of life. This means it forms a synthesis of other disciplines, and draws on techniques from fields such as cell biology, bioinformatics, biochemistry, molecular biology, immunology, genetics, evolution and ecology.
Kiehl
Kiehl is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

August Kiehl (1854–1938), Dutch actor, director and playwright

Cinta Laura Kiehl (born 1993), Indonesian actress, singer, and model

Heinz Kiehl (1943–2016), German wrestler

Jeffrey Kiehl (born 1952), American climatologist

Jesse Kiehl (born 1976), American politician

Kent Kiehl, American neuroscientist

Marina Kiehl (born 1965), German skier

Reinhardt Kiehl (1935–2026), German mathematician

August Kiehl
August Theodoor Cornelis Kiehl (26 October 1854 – 23 November 1938), also known as Guus Kiehl, was a Dutch actor, director and playwright. He is best known for his successful career as an actor in operetta theatre, his original operetta De Parel van Zaandam (The Pearl of Zaandam) and his performances in several Dutch films in the 1930s.
1968 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles
Rod Laver defeated Tony Roche in the final, 6–3, 6–4, 6–2 to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 1968 Wimbledon Championships. It was his third Wimbledon singles title and seventh Grand Slam tournament singles title overall. It was the first edition of Wimbledon open to professional tennis players, marking a period in tennis history known as the Open Era.

John Newcombe was the defending champion, but was defeated in the fourth round by Arthur Ashe.

John Newcombe
John David Newcombe AO OBE (born 23 May 1944) is an Australian former professional tennis player. He was ranked as the world No. 1 in both men's singles and men's doubles. Newcombe won a combined 26 major titles: seven in singles, a former record 17 in men's doubles, and two in mixed doubles. He also contributed to five Davis Cup titles for Australia during an age when the Davis Cup was deemed as significant as the majors.
Maserati 250S
The Maserati 250S, and its derivative and version, the 250 Sport, are sports racing cars, designed, developed and built by Italian car manufacturer Maserati, between 1954 and 1957. Only two models were produced.

Maserati
Maserati S.p.A. (Italian: [mazeˈraːti]) is an Italian luxury car manufacturer. Established on 1 December 1914 in Bologna, Italy, the company's headquarters are now in Modena, and its emblem is a trident. The company has been owned by Stellantis since 2021.
Scream If You Wanna Go Faster (song)
"Scream If You Wanna Go Faster" is a song by British singer Geri Halliwell from her second album of the same name (2001). It was released on 30 July 2001 as the second single from the album by EMI Records. Written by Halliwell and Rick Nowels on the day of her first recovery meeting for bulimia, she described the song as "the things I did to avoid staying still and deal with my seemings". It is Halliwell's most rock-based song to date, and was inspired by her listening to Led Zeppelin the previous summer as encouraged by close friend Robbie Williams.

The song received positive reviews by music critics, who complimented the singer's new style. Commercially, it peaked at No. 8 on the UK Singles Chart and reached the top 40 in Australia, Belgium (Flanders and Wallonia), Ireland, and Italy. The music video was directed by Jim Canty and Jake-Sebastian Wynne. To promote the single, Halliwell performed the song on Top of the Pops, Party in the Park, Musica Sí and Popkomm.

Rick Nowels
Richard Wright Nowels Jr. (born March 16, 1960) is an American songwriter and record producer. He has co-written and co-produced over 90 hit singles with multiple artists, and albums his songs have appeared on have sold over 250 million copies. In 2020, he was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame.
Apamea occidens
Apamea occidens, the western apamea, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1878. It is native to western North America as far east as Alberta and Kansas.

Augustus Radcliffe Grote
Augustus Radcliffe Grote (February 7, 1841 – September 12, 1903) was a British entomologist who described over 1,000 species of butterflies and moths. He is best known for his work on North American Noctuidae. A number of species were named after him, including the moth Horama grotei.
Lutheran chorale
A Lutheran chorale is a musical setting of a Lutheran hymn, intended to be sung by a congregation in a German Protestant church service. The typical four-part setting of a chorale, in which the sopranos (and the congregation) sing the melody along with three lower voices, is known as a chorale harmonization.  The practice of singing in unison was the rule of the reformed churches, both in Germany and in other countries.

Stanley Sadie
Stanley John Sadie CBE (/ˈseɪdi/; 30 October 1930 – 21 March 2005) was a British musicologist, music critic, and editor. He was editor of the sixth edition of the Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (1980), which was published as the first edition of The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Along with Thurston Dart, Nigel Fortune and Oliver Neighbour he was one of Britain's leading musicologists of the post-World War II generation.
French Zoosemiotics Society
French Zoosemiotics Society (French: Société Française de Zoosémiotique) is an academic society, uniting ethologists, zoologists, semioticians (including biosemioticians and ecosemioticians), linguists, veterinarians and philosophers, and promoting a semiotic approach in zoosemiotics and animal studies.

The focus of the society is to promote and facilitate research in animal communication, their intraspecific and interspecific sign systems, as well as human-animal communication studies.

The Society was established in 2018 by scholars of Sorbonne University, National Museum of Natural History, and other universities and institutions of France.

This is seemingly the first zoosemiotics society in the world.

The founding president of the Society is Astrid Guillaume.

Ethology
Ethology is a branch of zoology that studies the behaviour of non-human animals. It has its scientific roots in the work of Charles Darwin and of American and German ornithologists of the late 19th and early 20th century, including Charles O. Whitman, Oskar Heinroth, and Wallace Craig. The modern discipline of ethology is generally considered to have begun during the 1930s with the work of the Dutch biologist Nikolaas Tinbergen and the Austrian biologists Konrad Lorenz and Karl von Frisch, the three winners of the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Ethology combines laboratory and field science, with a strong relation to neuroanatomy, ecology, and evolutionary biology.
Toray Arrows Men's Volleyball Club
Toray Arrows (東レアローズ) or stylized as TORAY ARROWS SHIZUOKA is a men's volleyball team based in Mishima city, Shizuoka, Japan. They play in SV.League, the highest Japanese men's volleyball league. The owner of the team is Toray Industries.

Mishima, Shizuoka
Mishima (三島市, Mishima-shi) is a city located in eastern Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 July 2019,  the city had an estimated population of 109,803 in 49,323 households, and a population density of 1,800 persons per square kilometre (4,700 per square mile). The total area of the city is 62.02 square kilometres (23.95 sq mi).
Regional Government of Piura
The Regional Government of Piura (Spanish: Gobierno Regional de Piura; GORE Piura) is the regional government that represents the Department of Piura. It is the body with legal identity in public law and its own assets, which is in charge of the administration of provinces of the department in Peru. Its purpose is the social, cultural and economic development of its constituency. It is based in the city of Piura.

Piura
Piura is a city in northwestern Peru, located north of the Sechura Desert along the Piura River. It is the capital of the Piura Region and the Piura Province. Its population was 484,475 as of 2017 and it is the 7th most populous city in Peru. The city is located in the central eastern part of the Piura Region, 981 kilometers from the country's capital, Lima and is near to the border with Ecuador.

It was here that Spanish Conqueror Francisco Pizarro founded the third Spanish city in South America and first in Peru, under the name of San Miguel de la Nueva Castilla (en: Saint Michael of New Castile) in the Tallán settlement of Tangarará on July: 27  or August of 1532. Piura declared its independence from Spain on 4 January 1821, a few months before Peru gained its independence on 28 July 1821. It is the commercial and administrative center of the Department of Piura.
Alumpeedika
Alumpeedika is a small village/hamlet of Oachira in the Kollam district of Kerala, India. It comes under Clappana Panchayath and belongs to South Kerala division. It is located 31 km North of the district headquarters, Kollam, 1 km from Oachira, and 101 km from the state capital, Thiruvananthapuram. Nearby towns include Kayamkulam, Oachira, and Karunagappalli. Alumpeedika is near the border of the Kollam and Alappuzha districts. It is near to Arabian Sea.

Kayamkulam
Kayamkulam (IPA: [kaːjɐmkuɭam, kaːjɐŋɡuɭam]) is a municipality in the Alappuzha district of Kerala, India. It is located 46 km (28.6 mi) south of the district headquarters in Alappuzha and about 110 km (68.4 mi) north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram. As per the 2011 Indian census, Kayamkulam has a population of 68,634 people, and a population density of 3,149/km2 (8,160/sq mi).

Kayamkulam was the erstwhile capital of the Kingdom of Onattukara, and today continues to be the largest town in the Onattukara region.
Wilder Ranch State Park
Wilder Ranch State Park is a California State Park on the Pacific Ocean coast north of Santa Cruz, California. The park was formerly a dairy ranch, and many of the ranch buildings have been restored for use as a museum. There are no campgrounds; a day-use parking lot provides access to the museum. Dogs are prohibited on the trails, but many trails allow bikes and/or horses. The long trails and ocean views make the area a favorite of hikers, equestrians and mountain bikers. Public beaches continue to the north in Coast Dairies State Park.

Mountain biking
Mountain biking (abbr. MTB) is a sport of riding bicycles off-road, often over rough terrain, usually using specially designed mountain bikes. Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes but incorporate features designed to enhance durability and performance in rough terrain, such as air or coil-sprung shocks used as suspension, larger and wider wheels and tires, stronger frame materials, and mechanically or hydraulically actuated disc brakes. Mountain biking can generally be broken down into distinct categories: cross country, trail, all mountain, enduro, downhill and freeride.
For Ávila
For Ávila (Spanish: Por Ávila, XAV) is a regional political party in Castile and León, centered in the province of Ávila. It was formed as a split from the People's Party in January 2019 and officially registered as a political party on 18 February 2019.

Province of Ávila
Ávila (Spanish: [ˈaβila] ⓘ) is a province of central-western Spain, in the southern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is bordered on the south by the provinces of Toledo and Cáceres, on the west by Salamanca, on the north by Valladolid, and on the east by Segovia and Madrid. Ávila has a population of 158,265 (2018) and is ranked 47th out of 50 of Spanish provinces in population. Its capital is Ávila.
Lokiceratops
Lokiceratops (meaning "Loki horned face") is an extinct genus of centrosaurine ceratopsian dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) Judith River Formation of Montana, United States. The genus contains a single species, L. rangiformis, known from most of the skull and a partial skeleton. Four other ceratopsians are known from the same stratigraphic interval as Lokiceratops—more than in any other locality—suggesting that this clade was very diverse during the Late Cretaceous of northern Laramidia.

Laramidia
Laramidia was an island continent that existed during the Late Cretaceous period (99.6–66 Ma), when the Western Interior Seaway split the continent of North America in two. In the Mesozoic era, Laramidia was an island land mass separated from Appalachia to the east by the Western Interior Seaway. It was home to many dinosaurs including ankylosaurs, ceratopsians, and tyrannosaurs. The seaway eventually shrank, split across the Dakotas, and retreated toward the Gulf of Mexico and the Hudson Bay. The masses joined, forming the continent of North America.

Laramidia is named after the Laramide orogeny. The name was coined by J. David Archibald in 1996.