hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rigid rotor
In rotordynamics, the rigid rotor is a mechanical model of rotating systems. An arbitrary rigid rotor is a 3-dimensional rigid object, such as a top. To orient such an object in space requires three angles, known as Euler angles (ψ, θ, φ). A special rigid rotor is the linear rotor requiring only two angles to describe, for example a diatomic molecule such as HI, HCl, CO. More general molecules are 3-dimensional, such as water (asymmetric rotor), ammonia (symmetric rotor), or methane (spherical rotor).

Quantum number
In quantum physics and chemistry, quantum numbers are quantities that characterize the possible states of the system. 
To fully specify the state of the electron in a hydrogen atom, four quantum numbers are needed. The traditional set of quantum numbers includes the principal, azimuthal, magnetic, and spin quantum numbers. To describe other systems, different quantum numbers are required. For subatomic particles, one needs to introduce new quantum numbers, such as the flavour of quarks, which have no classical correspondence.

Quantum numbers are closely related to eigenvalues of observables. When the corresponding observable commutes with the Hamiltonian of the system, the quantum number is said to be "good", and acts as a constant of motion in the quantum dynamics.
Henry Lee (Australian politician)
Henry William Lee (1856 – 12 August 1927) was an Australian politician. Born in Gerringong, New South Wales, he was a dairy farmer on the Hunter Region, and became a leader in the dairying industry. In 1903, he was elected to the Australian House of Representatives for the Free Trade Party, emphatically defeating Protectionist Francis Clarke for the seat of Cowper. However, he in turn was defeated in 1906 by Protectionist John Thomson. Lee subsequently became a businessman in Sydney. He died in 1927.

Division of Cowper
The Division of Cowper is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It stretches along the coast comprising the cities of Port Macquarie and Coffs Harbour.

Since 2019, its MP has been Pat Conaghan of the National Party.
Glucogallin
Glucogallin is chemical compound formed from gallic acid and β-D-glucose. It can be found in oaks species like the North American white oak (Quercus alba), European red oak (Quercus robur)  and Amla fruit (Phyllanthus emblica).

It is formed by a gallate 1-beta-glucosyltransferase (UDP-glucose: gallate glucosyltransferase), an enzyme performing the esterification of two substrates, UDP-glucose and gallate to yield two products, UDP and glucogallin. This enzyme can be found in oak leaf preparations.

This the first step in the biosynthesis of gallotannins. The molecule is then used by enzymes in the gallotannins synthetics pathway like beta-glucogallin O-galloyltransferase or beta-glucogallin-tetrakisgalloylglucose O-galloyltransferase.

β-Glucogallin is aldose reductase inhibitor.

Half-life of β-Glucogallin in human body seems to be unknown.

Phyllanthus emblica
Phyllanthus emblica, also known as emblic, emblic myrobalan, myrobalan, nelikai, Indian gooseberry, Malacca tree, amloki or amla, is a deciduous tree of the family Phyllanthaceae. Its native range is tropical and southern Asia.
Barton Fields
Barton Archibald Fields (May 22, 1930 – April 19, 2022) was an American government official who was Secretary of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania from 1977 to 1979 and Pennsylvania Secretary of Revenue from 1987 to 1989. He was Pennsylvania's first black revenue secretary.

Pennsylvania Department of Revenue
The Pennsylvania Department of Revenue (DOR) is an agency of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The department is responsible for collecting all Pennsylvania taxes, including all corporate taxes and taxes on inheritance, personal income, sales and use, realty transfer, motor fuel, and all other state taxes.
Renée Fladen-Kamm
Renée A. Fladen (born 3 August 1948, New York City), also known as Renée Fladen-Kamm, is an American singer and vocal coach.

Among her recordings are those of medieval music as vocal director of the San Francisco-based Sherwood Consort. She also worked on the musical direction of theatrical works directed by Mary Devlin, another member of the Sherwood Consort.

Vocal coach
A vocal coach, also known as a voice coach (though this term often applies to those working with speech and communication rather than singing), is a music teacher, usually a piano accompanist, who helps singers prepare for a performance, often also helping them to improve their singing technique and take care of and develop their voice, but is not the same as a singing teacher (also called a "voice teacher"). Vocal coaches may give private music lessons or group workshops or masterclasses to singers. They may also coach singers who are rehearsing on stage, or who are singing during a recording session. Vocal coaches are used in both classical music and in popular music styles such as rock and gospel. While some vocal coaches provide a range of instruction on singing techniques, others specialize in areas such as breathing techniques or diction and pronunciation.
John Tibai
John Tibai (also Nagymihályi, Hungarian: Tibai János; died 25 September 1396) was a Hungarian nobleman and knight in the 14th century, who served as ispán of Ung County from 1387 until his death. His military services allowed him to rise in society, becoming the most illustrious member of his family.

Ung County
Ung County (in Latin: comitatus Unghvariensis; Hungarian: Ung (vár)megye; also in Slovak: Užský komitát/ Užská župa / Užská stolica; Romanian: Comitatul Ung) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now mostly in western Ukraine, a smaller part in eastern Slovakia, and a very small area in Hungary.
Richard Aimonetto
Richard Aimonetto (born 24 January 1973) is a French ice hockey centre currently playing for Yétis du Mont-Blanc of the FFHG Division 1.

Aimonetto previously played in the Ligue Magnus for Chamonix HC, Brûleurs de Loups, Lions de Lyons, Hockey Club de Reims, Scorpions de Mulhouse and Gothiques d'Amiens. He competed in the 1998 and 2002 Winter Olympics.

Chamonix HC
Chamonix Hockey Club was a French professional ice hockey team based in Chamonix that last played in the Ligue Magnus in 2015. The team is also known as Chamois de Chamonix (Chamonix Chamois).

With 30 championship titles, Chamonix was the most successful French club in ice hockey.

The team was founded in 1910. In 2010, the club celebrated its 100th birthday.

In 2016, the team merged with Pingouins de Morzine-Avoriaz to form the Pionniers De Chamonix-Morzine.
Anan Khalaily
Anan Khalaily (Arabic: عنان خلايلي, Hebrew: ענאן ח'לאילי; born 3 September 2004) is an Israeli professional footballer who plays as a winger for Belgian Pro League club Union SG and the Israel national team.

Israel State Cup
The Israel State Cup (Hebrew: גביע המדינה, Gvia HaMedina), is a knockout cup competition in Israeli football, run by the Israel Football Association (IFA).

The State Cup was first held in 1928 as the People's Cup. Because it involves clubs of all standards playing against each other, there is the possibility for "minnows" from the lower divisions to become "giant-killers" by eliminating top clubs from the tournament, although lower division teams rarely reach the final.

The last below the top-flight club to make the final was Maccabi Netanya in 2014, they have since been promoted to the Israeli Premier League.

Hapoel Be'er Sheva are the current Israel State Cup holders, having beaten Beitar Jerusalem 2–0 in the final for their fourth title.

Maccabi Tel Aviv have 24 titles, holding the record for most titles won. Hapoel Tel Aviv in 1937–1939 and 2010–2012 are the only club to have retained the State Cup for three consecutive seasons.
Georgios Jakobides
Georgios Jakobides (Greek: Γεώργιος Ιακωβίδης; 11 January 1853 – 13 December 1932) was a Greek painter and medallist, one of the main representatives of the Greek artistic movement of the Munich School. He founded and was the first curator of the National Gallery of Greece in Athens.

Medalist
A medalist (or medallist) is an artist who designs medals, plaquettes, badges, metal medallions, coins and similar small works in relief in metal. Historically, medalists were typically also involved in producing their designs, and were usually either sculptors or goldsmiths by background. In modern times, medalists are mostly primarily sculptors of larger works, but in the past the number of medals and coins produced were sufficient to support specialists who spent most of their career producing them. From the 19th century, the education of a medalist often began with time as an engraver, or a formal education in an academy, particularly modeling and portraiture. On coins, a mark or symbol signifying the medalist as the original designer was often included in a hidden location and is not to be mistaken for the symbol of the mint master. Artistic medals and plaquettes are often signed prominently by the artist.
1973 Queen's Club Championships
The 1973 Queen's Club Championships was a tennis tournament played on grass courts at the Queen's Club in London in the United Kingdom. The men's tournament was part of the 1973 Commercial Union Assurance Grand Prix circuit while the women's event was part of the 1973 Women's Grand Prix tour. It was the 74th edition of the tournament and was held from 17 June until 23 June 1973. Ilie Năstase and Olga Morozova won the singles titles.

1973 WTA Tour
The 1973 WTA Tour was also the first season of the WTA Tour was officially formed by Billie Jean King following a meeting held in the Gloucester Hotel in London during the week before Wimbledon. It was composed of the third annual Virginia Slims Circuit a tour of tennis tournaments for female tennis players, sponsored by Virginia Slims cigarettes. and the ILTF Commercial Union Assurance Grand Prix,  a circuit of tournaments sponsored by Commercial Union Assurance Company.
Cwm Rhondda
Cwm Rhondda is a popular hymn tune written by John Hughes (1873–1932) in 1907. The name is taken from the Welsh name for the Rhondda Valley.

It is usually used in English as a setting for William Williams' text "Guide Me, O Thou Great Redeemer" (or, in some traditions, "Guide Me, O Thou Great Jehovah"), originally Arglwydd, arwain trwy'r anialwch ("Lord, lead me through the wilderness") in Welsh. The tune and hymn are often called "Bread of Heaven" because of a repeated line in this English translation.

For Welsh hymns, the tune is most commonly used as a setting for Wele'n sefyll rhwng y myrtwydd ("Lo, between the myrtles standing") by Ann Griffiths, and it was as a setting of this that the tune was first published in 1907.

Manna
Manna (Hebrew: מָן, romanized: mān, Greek: μάννα; Arabic: اَلْمَنُّ), sometimes or archaically spelled mana, is described in the Bible and the Quran as an edible substance that God bestowed upon the Israelites while they were wandering the desert during the 40-year period that followed the Exodus and preceded the conquest of Canaan.
UGRO Capital
UGRO Capital Limited is an Indian non‐banking financial company (NBFC). Established in 2018, the company operates as a systemically important non-deposit-taking NBFC (NBFC-ND-SI) and is headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is listed on the National Stock Exchange of India and the Bombay Stock Exchange.

National Stock Exchange of India
National Stock Exchange of India Limited, also known as the National Stock Exchange (NSE), is an Indian stock exchange based in Mumbai.  It is the 5th largest stock exchange in the world by total market capitalization, exceeding $5 trillion in May 2024.

NSE is under the ownership of various financial institutions such as banks and insurance companies. As of 2024, it is the world's largest derivatives exchange by number of contracts traded and the third largest in cash equities by number of trades for the calendar year 2023.
Ernst Stengelin
Ernst Stengelin (10 August 1911 – 14 October 1943) was a German SS-Unterscharführer (Corporal) who served at Treblinka and Sobibor extermination camps and was killed in the Sobibor uprising.  Nothing is known about his personal life.

Stengelin served in the killing center at Grafeneck Castle in Grafeneck at Münsingen and the Hadamar Euthanasia Centre, before he was reassigned to the "Aktion Reinhard" extermination camp Treblinka.  Then he came to Sobibor shortly before the uprising of the Sobibor extermination camp.  He was employed in the camp and was killed by the camp inmates during the uprising.  Franz Suchomel reported as the only witness of his death.

Münsingen
Münsingen (German pronunciation: [ˈmʏnzɪŋən] ⓘ; Highest Alemannic: Münsige) is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipality of Trimstein merged into Münsingen, and on 1 January 2017 the former municipality of Tägertschi also merged.

The village lies on the River Aare between the cities of Bern and Thun.
Weld tests for friction welding
Quality requirements of welded joints depend on the form of application, e.g. in the space or fly industry weld errors are not allowed. Science try to gets good quality welds. There are many scientific articles describing the weld test, e.g. hardness, tensile tests. The weld structure can be examined by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The computer finite element method (FEM) is used to predict the shape of the flash and interface and others, not only for rotary friction welding (RFW), but also for friction stir welding (FSW), linear friction welding (LFW), FRIEX, and others. Temperature measurements are also carried out for scientific purposes e.g. by use thermocouples or sometimes thermography, mentions about measurements are generally found in research materials and journals.

Tensile testing
Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a fundamental materials science and engineering test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure.  Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials.
Pamalayu
The Pamalayu campaign was a diplomatic and military expeditionary force sent by the Javanese King Kertanegara of Singhasari to conquer the Sumatran Melayu Kingdom. It was decreed in 1275, though perhaps not undertaken until later.

Little is known about the results of the expedition. The Padang Roco Inscription dated from 1286 states that a religious statue of Amoghapasa was established at Dharmasraya on the orders of Kertanagara, and that all the inhabitants of Melayu and especially their king, Tribhuwanaraja rejoiced at the presentation of the gifts.

Dharmasraya
Dharmasraya or Dharmmāśraya was the capital of the 11th century Buddhist polity known as Melayu Kingdom, based on the Batanghari river system in modern-day West Sumatra and Jambi, on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. The kingdom itself could be identified by the name of its capital Dharmasraya or by the name Bhumi Malayu or Suvarnnabhumi according to Padang Roco Inscription.
Olaüs Thérien
Olaüs Thérien (September 3, 1860 – December 31, 1929) was a Canadian lawyer, editor and political figure in Quebec, Canada. He represented Montcalm in the House of Commons of Canada from 1887 to 1891 as a Conservative member.

He was born in Ste-Anne-des-Plaines, Canada East, the son of Pierre Thérien and Claire Derouin, and was educated at the Petit Séminaire de Saint-Thérèse and Université Laval. He was called to the Quebec bar in 1885. Thérien was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1891.

Sainte-Anne-des-Plaines
Sainte-Anne-des-Plaines (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t an de plɛn]) is a city in southwestern Quebec, Canada, 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of the city of Montreal in the Thérèse-De Blainville Regional County Municipality, in the region of Laurentides. Its population was 14,990 during the census of 2014.

The city has the Sainte-Anne-des-Plaines Complex of the Correctional Service of Canada, which includes the Regional Reception Centre (multi-level security), housing Special Handling Unit (SHU), Canada's highest-security unit; Sainte-Anne-des-Plaines Institution (maximum security), and the Regional Mental Health Centre (multi). It also has the Archambault Institution.
Sainte-Anne-Des-Plaines got city status in 1987
USS Ossipee (1861)
The first USS Ossipee was a wooden, screw sloop-of-war in commission in the United States Navy at various times between 1861 and 1889. She served in the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She was named for the Ossipee River of New Hampshire and Maine. The USS Ossipee was present during the Alaska Purchase.

Union navy
The Union navy is used to describe the United States Navy (USN) during the American Civil War, when it fought the Confederate States Navy (CSN). The term is sometimes used to describe vessels of war used on the rivers of the interior under the control of the Union army.
Royal London Militia
The Royal London Militia was an auxiliary regiment organised in the City of London during the French Revolutionary Wars from the former London Trained Bands. It later became part of the Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment). After conversion to the Special Reserve (SR) under the Haldane Reforms it was one of just a handful of SR units to see combat during World War I, fighting in many actions on the Western Front from 1916 until the Armistice in 1918. After a shadowy postwar existence the unit was finally disbanded in 1953.

Kitchener's Army
The New Army, often referred to as Kitchener's Army or, disparagingly, as Kitchener's Mob,
was an (initially) all-volunteer portion of the British Army formed in the United Kingdom from 1914 onwards following the outbreak of hostilities in the First World War in late July 1914. It originated on the recommendation of Herbert Kitchener, then the Secretary of State for War to obtain 500,000 volunteers for the Army. Kitchener's original intention was that these men would be formed into units that would be ready to be put into action in mid-1916, but circumstances dictated the use of these troops before then. The first use in a major action of Kitchener's Army units came at the Battle of Loos (September–October 1915).
Edmontonia
Edmontonia is a genus of panoplosaurin nodosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period of what is now western North America. It is named after the Edmonton Formation (now the Horseshoe Canyon Formation in Canada), the unit of rocks where it was first found.

Humerus
The humerus (/ˈhjuːmərəs/; pl.: humeri) is a long bone in the arm that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. It connects the scapula and the two bones of the lower arm, the radius and ulna, and consists of three sections. The humeral upper extremity consists of a rounded head, a narrow neck, and two short processes (tubercles, sometimes called tuberosities). The shaft is cylindrical in its upper portion, and more prismatic below. The lower extremity consists of 2 epicondyles, 2 processes (trochlea and capitulum), and 3 fossae (radial fossa, coronoid fossa, and olecranon fossa). As well as its true anatomical neck, the constriction below the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus is referred to as its surgical neck due to its tendency to fracture, thus often becoming the focus of surgeons.
Watson House (Lockport, New York)
Watson House is a historic home located at Lockport in Niagara County, New York. It is a two-story stone structure built in 1854 in the Gothic Revival style by Thomas Watson, an early settler of Lockport. It is one of approximately 75 stone residences remaining in the city of Lockport.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

Niagara County, New York
Niagara County is in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 212,666.  The county seat is Lockport. The county name is from the Iroquois word Onguiaahra; meaning the strait or thunder of waters. The county is part of the Western New York region of the state.

Niagara County is part of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area, and across the Canada–US border is the province of Ontario.

It is the location of Niagara Falls and Fort Niagara, and has many parks and lake shore recreation communities. In the summer of 2008, Niagara County celebrated its 200th birthday with the first settlement of the county, of Niagara Falls.
Park Eun-sun (taekwondo)
Park Eun-sun is a South Korean taekwondo practitioner.

She won the gold medal in the middleweight division at the 1993 World Taekwondo Championships in New York City, defeating Ekaterina Bassi in the final. She also won a gold medal at the 1996 Asian Taekwondo Championships.

1993 World Taekwondo Championships
The 1993 World Taekwondo Championships were the 11th edition of the World Taekwondo Championships, and were held in New York City, United States from August 19 to August 21, 1993, with 669 athletes participating from 83 countries.

The success of the 1993 World Championships was a determining factor in the IOC's decision to grant full medal status to Taekwondo for the 2000 Summer Olympics.
Aquarium Boka
Aquarium Boka (Adriatic Biodiversity Conservation Center ″Aquarium Boka″; Serbian: Centar za očuvanje morskog biodiverziteta ″Akvarijum Boka″) is the organizational unit of the Institute for Marine Biology of the University of Montenegro, founded in 2020, and it was officially opened to the public in June 2021. It is the first and only public aquarium in Montenegro, and in the first three months, the Aquarium was visited by more than 8,000 people.

The aquarium is located in the Radoničić Palace, which was built at the beginning of the 19th century.

The Institute for Marine Biology is a unique institution in Montenegro that combines research and education to promote and practice the efficient conservation of marine wildlife.

Sea turtle
Sea turtles (superfamily Chelonioidea), sometimes called marine turtles, are reptiles of the order Testudines and of the suborder Cryptodira. The seven existing species of sea turtles are the flatback, green, hawksbill, leatherback, loggerhead, Kemp's ridley, and olive ridley. Five of the seven species are listed as threatened with extinction globally on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The remaining two are not considered to be threatened with extinction, one of which, the flatback turtle, is found only in the waters of Australia, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia.

Sea turtles can be categorized as hard-shelled (cheloniid) or leathery-shelled (dermochelyid). The only dermochelyid species of sea turtle is the leatherback.
Play God (album)
Play God is an album by the American band Reverend, released in 1991. It was Reverend's second (and last) full-length release. Play God marked the departure of bassist Dennis O'Hara and drummer Rick Basha, who were replaced by Angelo Espino and Jason Ian, respectively. The album includes a cover of Creedence Clearwater Revival's "Fortunate Son".

Fortunate Son
"Fortunate Son" is a song by American rock band Creedence Clearwater Revival, written by the group's frontman John Fogerty. It was released as a single in September 1969, and appeared on the band's fourth studio album, Willy and the Poor Boys, released the following month.

The song became a Vietnam anti-war movement anthem and an expressive symbol of the counterculture's opposition to executive power grabs, including opposition to the draft and solidarity with the soldiers fighting the Vietnam War. The song has been featured extensively in pop culture depictions of the Vietnam War and the anti-war movement.