hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
New Ditch
New Ditch is a linear earthwork of possible Iron Age or Medieval construction. It partially crosses the Polden Hills in woodlands approximately 1.1 miles (1.8 km) south-west from the village of Butleigh in Somerset, England.

Its construction is similar to Ponter's Ball Dyke 3 miles to the northeast, with the dyke on the south east of the embankment, but of less massive construction. Both were probably part of a more extensive defence scheme. It is nearly half a mile in length and was probably of greater extent originally, but as it stands, New Ditch cannot be termed a cross-ridge dyke although it does seem to be a boundary work.

It is debatable whether this site is ancient because it is located close to a medieval woodland and a deer park.

Cross dyke
A cross dyke or cross-dyke (also referred to as a cross-ridge dyke, covered way, linear ditch, linear earthwork or spur dyke) is a linear earthwork believed to be a prehistoric land boundary that usually measures between 0.2 and 1 kilometre (0.12 and 0.62 mi) in length. A typical cross dyke consists of one or more ditches running in parallel with one or more raised banks. Univallate cross dykes typically have a flat-bottomed ditch while the ditches of multivallate cross dykes possess a V-shaped cross-section. A defining characteristic of a cross dyke is that it cuts across the width of an upland ridge or the neck of an upland spur. Cross dykes generally occur at altitudes over 150 metres (490 ft) above mean sea level.
Joan Miquel Oliver
Joan Miquel Oliver Ripoll (born 1974 in Sóller, Majorca) is a Majorcan musician who sings and writes songs in the Catalan language. As well as being the songwriter and guitarist of the group Antònia Font, he has also embarked on a solo musical career and has published a novel and a book of poetry.

Sóller
Sóller (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈso.ʎə]) is a town and municipality near the north west coast of the Balearic Island of Mallorca, Spain, 3 km inland from Port de Sóller, in a large, bowl-shaped valley that also includes the village of Fornalutx and the hamlets of Biniaraix and Binibassi. The population is around 14,000. The Tranvía de Sóller tram links Sóller to Port de Sóller.
Joseph A. Smith (artist)
Joseph Anthony Smith (born September 5, 1936), also known as Jos. A. Smith, is an American artist who is best known for illustrating children's books. He has been a professional artist since 1961 and served as Professor of Fine Arts at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, New York, since 1962.

Smith started his career as an editorial illustrator and cartoonist before shifting to children's book illustration. His work is held in permanent collections at the US National Portrait Gallery, Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, and other museums and galleries. He participated in 20 solo exhibitions primarily at colleges and universities but also at Staten Island Museum, Huntington Museum of Art, and Samuel S. Fleisher Art Memorial.

His papers are held at the University of Connecticut Library's Archives and Special Collections in the Thomas J. Dodd Research Center.

The Dodd Center for Human Rights
The Dodd Center for Human Rights (formerly the Thomas J. Dodd Research Center) is a University of Connecticut center which supports programming, educational initiatives, and events dedicated to the theme of human rights. The complex is located on the main UConn campus in Storrs, Connecticut.

The Dodd Center also houses several University of Connecticut departments and centers, including Archives & Special Collections, a unit of the University of Connecticut Library, the Human Rights Institute, and the Center for Judaic Studies and Contemporary Jewish Life. The John P. McDonald Reading Room is the public access point for the university archives and special collections.
George Ewan McCraney
George Ewan McCraney (July 23, 1868 – March 18, 1921) was a Canadian lawyer and politician.

Born in Bothwell, Ontario, his father was Daniel McCraney, a lawyer and political figure who represented Kent East in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. McCraney was educated at the University of Toronto where he graduated a B.A. in 1892 and an LL.B. in 1895. He was first returned to the House of Commons of Canada at a by-election held in February 1906 for the riding of Saskatchewan, after the resignation of the sitting MP, John Henderson Lamont. A Liberal, he was re-elected in 1908 and 1911 for the riding of Saskatoon. He did not stand for re-election in 1917.

1911 Canadian federal election
The 1911 Canadian federal election was held on September 21, 1911, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 12th Parliament of Canada.

The central issue was Liberal support for a proposed agreement with the United States president William Howard Taft to lower tariffs. The Conservative Party denounced it with claims it would weaken ties with Britain, hurt the Canadian economy and Canadian identity, and lead to American annexation of Canada. The idea of a Canadian Navy was also an issue.

The Conservatives won, and Robert Borden became the eighth prime minister. The election ended 15 years of government by the Liberal Party of Wilfrid Laurier.
Crithe
Crithe is a genus of minute sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Cystiscidae. This genus is sometimes still placed within the Marginellidae.

These tiny gastropods have a shell which is colorless and is transparent when fresh.

Tadashige Habe
Tadashige Habe (Japanese: 波部 忠重, March 21, 1916 – December 29, 2001) was a Japanese malacologist and zoologist.  
He served as honorary president of the Malacological Society of Japan and honorary member of the Zoological Society of Japan.  
Habe was a leading figure in Japanese malacology during the latter half of the 20th century, describing over 1,600 taxa (families, genera, and species).  
He was also known for his mentorship of both professional and amateur researchers.  
Together with Tokubei Kuroda and Katsura Oyama, he co-authored Shells of Sagami Bay (1971), based on specimens collected by Emperor Shōwa.
Clara Vulpisi
Clara Vulpisi (born July 15, 1998 in Craiova, Romania) is a Canadian water polo player from Montreal.   She is a member of the Canada women's national water polo team. She will participate in the 2020 Summer Olympics.

Craiova
Craiova (/krəˈjoʊvə/, also US: /kraɪˈoʊvə, krɑːˈjɔːvɑː, krɑːˈjoʊvɑː/, Romanian: [kraˈjova] ⓘ) is the largest city in southwestern Romania, the seventh largest city in the country and the capital of Dolj County, situated near the east bank of the river Jiu in central Oltenia.

It is a longstanding political center, and is located at approximately equal distances from the Southern Carpathians (north) and the River Danube (south). Craiova is the chief commercial city west of Bucharest and the most important city of Oltenia. The city prospered as a regional trading centre despite an earthquake in 1790, a plague in 1795, and a Turkish assault in 1802 during which it was burned.

Eight villages are administered by the city: Făcăi, Mofleni, Popoveni, Șimnicu de Jos, Cernele, Cernelele de Sus, Izvoru Rece, and Rovine. The last four were a separate commune called Cernele until 1996, when they were merged into the city.
Window insulation film
Window insulation film is a plastic film which can be applied to glass windows to reduce heat transfer. There are two types in common use designed to reduce heat flow via radiation and convection respectively.

Plastic film
Plastic film is a thin continuous polymeric material.  Thicker plastic material is often called a "sheet". These thin plastic membranes are used to separate areas or volumes, to hold items, to act as barriers, or as printable surfaces.

Plastic films are used in a wide variety of applications.  These include: packaging, plastic bags, labels, building construction, landscaping, electrical fabrication, photographic film, film stock for movies, video tape, etc.
Tomoka Shibasaki
Tomoka Shibasaki (柴崎 友香, Shibasaki Tomoka; born October 20, 1973) is a Japanese writer from Osaka. She has won the Noma Literary New Face Prize and the Akutagawa Prize, and two of her works have been adapted for film.

Pushkin Press
Pushkin Press is a British-based publishing house dedicated to publishing novels, essays, memoirs and children's books. The London-based company was founded in 1997 and is notable for publishing authors such as Stefan Zweig, Marcel Aymé, Antal Szerb, Paul Morand and Yasushi Inoue, as well as award-winning contemporary writers, including Andrés Neuman, Edith Pearlman, Ayelet Gundar-Goshen, Eka Kurniawan and Ryu Murakami.
On the Way Home (film)
On the Way Home (Hungarian: Hazafelé) is a 1940 Hungarian drama film directed by Arzén von Cserépy and starring Sári Fedák, Gyula Csortos and Ági Mészáros. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director Imre Sörés.

Hunnia Film Studio
Hunnia Film Studio was the largest and most significant sound film studio in Hungary until its nationalization in 1948. Its predecessor, Corvin Film Studio, founded by Alexander Korda in 1917, was the most important Hungarian silent film company, while its successor, Mafilm, became the largest Hungarian film company, still operating today.
The Song of the Marines
"The Song of the Marines" is a song composed by Harry Warren with lyrics by Al Dubin. It was featured in the 1937 Warner Bros. film, The Singing Marine where it was sung by actor Dick Powell.

Later, Warner Bros. Cartoons used the song in several shorts, including the Porky Pig short Porky the Gob (1938). A shortened version (replacing the lines "It may be Shanghai, farewell and goodbye" with "We're leaving today, it's anchors aweigh") was sung several times in the Daffy Duck cartoon Conrad the Sailor (1942) and several opening bars of it in Duck Amuck (1953), plus the Sylvester and Tweety cartoon Snow Business (1953)

In 1962, Dick Powell, star of The Singing Marine, reprised the song in a cameo appearance in the Ensign O'Toole episode "Operation Benefit", a TV series owned by his production company, Four Star Television. It was one of his final filmed appearances.

Sylvester the Cat
Sylvester J. Pussycat Sr. is a cartoon character, an anthropomorphic cat in the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons. Most of his appearances have him often chasing Tweety, Speedy Gonzales, or Hippety Hopper. He appeared in 103 cartoons in the golden age of American animation, lagging only behind superstars Bugs Bunny, Porky Pig, and Daffy Duck. Three of his cartoons won Academy Awards, the most for any starring a Looney Tunes character: they are Tweetie Pie, Speedy Gonzales, and Birds Anonymous.
Cafeteria roenbergensis
Cafeteria roenbergensis is a small bacterivorous marine flagellate. It was discovered by Danish marine ecologist Tom Fenchel and named by him and taxonomist David J. Patterson in 1988. It is in one of three genera of bicosoecids, and the first discovered of two known Cafeteria species. Bicosoecids belong to a broad group, the stramenopiles, also known as heterokonts (Heterokonta) that includes photosynthetic groups such as diatoms, brown, and golden algae, and non-photosynthetic groups such as opalinids, actinophryid "heliozoans", and oomycetes. The species is found primarily in coastal waters where there are high concentrations of bacteria on which it grazes. Its voracious appetite plays a significant role in regulating bacteria populations.

Bacterivore
A bacterivore is an organism which obtains energy and nutrients primarily or entirely from the consumption of bacteria. The term is most commonly used to describe free-living, heterotrophic, microscopic organisms such as nematodes as well as many species of amoeba and numerous other types of protozoans, but some macroscopic invertebrates are also bacterivores, including sponges, polychaetes, and certain molluscs and arthropods. Many bacterivorous organisms are adapted for generalist predation on any species of bacteria, but not all bacteria are easily digested; the spores of some species, such as Clostridium perfringens, will never be prey because of their cellular attributes.
Lego Brick Sketches
Lego Brick Sketches (stylized as LEGO BRICK SKETCHES) is a Lego theme that recreates iconic characters as stylised portraits. It was first introduced in June 2020. Following the launch of Lego DOTS, a theme mainly targeted towards children, the Lego Brick Sketches theme is the first bas-relief portraits concept to be launched by the Lego Group.

The Lego Group
Lego Systems A/S, also known as the Lego Group (stylised as the LEGO Group), is a Danish construction toy manufacturer and media company based in Billund. It manufactures Lego-branded toys, consisting mostly of interlocking acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic and rubber bricks. The Lego Group has also built several amusement parks around the world, each known as Legoland, and operates numerous retail stores.

The name Lego is derived from the Danish phrase leg godt, meaning "play well".

The company was founded in 1932 by Ole Kirk Christiansen. In the first half of 2015, the Lego Group became the world's largest toy company by revenue, with sales amounting to US$2.1 billion, surpassing Mattel, which had US$1.9 billion in sales. As of 2025, the company is owned by the Kristiansen family via their family office, investment firm Kirkbi.
Shock Value II
Shock Value II is the third studio album by the American musician Timbaland. It serves as the sequel to his previous album, Shock Value. Initially slated for a 2008 release, the project was pushed into 2009 and tentatively confirmed for November 23, 2009, through Blackground Records, Mosley Music Group and Interscope Records, however, it was pushed back once more and finally released on December 7, 2009, in the UK and December 8 in the US.

The album was supported by the successful singles "Carry Out" (featuring Justin Timberlake) and "Say Something" (featuring Drake). Unlike its predecessor, it expands beyond hip hop and R&B to include collaborations with alternative rock acts Chad Kroeger, Jet, the Fray and Daughtry, as well as pop artists Katy Perry, Miley Cyrus, JoJo, Melody Thornton, and Esthero. Upon release, Shock Value II performed moderately on the Billboard 200 and was met with unfavorable critical reception.

Ryan Seacrest
Ryan John Seacrest (born December 24, 1974) is an American television host and producer. Seacrest is the host of Wheel of Fortune, having hosted since replacing long-time host Pat Sajak in September 2024. Seacrest co-hosted and served as executive producer of Live with Kelly and Ryan, and has hosted other media including American Idol, American Top 40, and On Air with Ryan Seacrest. He became co-host of Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve in 2005, and he became the sole host following Clark's death in 2012.

Seacrest received Emmy Award nominations for American Idol each year from 2004 to 2013 and once more in 2016. He won an Emmy for Jamie Oliver's Food Revolution in 2010, and he was nominated once more in 2012. In 2018, he received nominations for Live with Kelly and Ryan for Outstanding Talk Show Entertainment and Outstanding Entertainment Talk Show Host.
Genevieve (musician)
Genevieve Schatz (born April 1, 1987), better known mononymously as Genevieve, is an American indie pop singer and songwriter from Elgin, Illinois, United States. Schatz is the frontwoman of Chicago indie rock band Company of Thieves and embarked on her solo career as Genevieve in early 2014. Her first solo track, "Show Your Colors", premiered on Vice Noisey in December 2014. Her debut EP Show Your Colors was released on March 10, 2015, via Wind-up Records.

Elgin, Illinois
Elgin (/ˈɛldʒɪn/ EL-jin) is a city in Cook and Kane counties in the U.S. state of Illinois. It is located 35 mi (56 km) northwest of Chicago along the Fox River. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 114,797, making it the sixth-most populous city in the state.
Stéphane Mertens
Stéphane Mertens (born 14 May 1959 in Paris, France) is a Belgian former professional motorcycle road racer.

Mertens made his Grand Prix debut in 1984, racing in the 250cc class. He also won the 1984 250cc Belgian Road Racing National Championship. He continued racing in the 250cc Grands Prix in 1985, 1986 and 1987. In 1988, he made the switch to racing production based motorcycles in the inaugural Superbike World Championship. Mertens raced for Bimota in 1988, and stayed in the Superbike class until 1994 with his best result being a second-place finish behind Fred Merkel in the 1989 season, while riding for Honda.

In 1995, Mertens began to compete in the motorcycle FIM Endurance World Championship, winning that title in 1995 and 2002.

Mertens was a member of the winning team at the 1990 24 Hours of Le Mans and Bol d’Or.

Belgians
Belgians (Dutch: Belgen [ˈbɛlɣə(n)] ⓘ; French: Belges [bɛlʒ] ⓘ; German: Belgier [ˈbɛlɡi̯ɐ] ⓘ) are people identified with the Kingdom of Belgium, a federal state in Western Europe. As Belgium is a multinational state, this connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural rather than ethnic. The majority of Belgians, however, belong to two distinct linguistic groups or communities (Dutch: gemeenschap; French: communauté) native to the country, i.e. its historical regions: Flemings in Flanders, who speak Dutch, West Flemish and Limburgish; and Walloons in Wallonia, who speak French or Walloon. There is also a substantial Belgian diaspora, which has settled primarily in the United States, Canada, France, and the Netherlands.
Kampaheswarar Temple, Thirubuvanam
The Kampaheswarar Temple or kampa-hara-ishvarar ( kampa-hareswarar ) is a Hindu temple dedicated to the god Shiva. It is situated in Thirubuvanam, a village in Thanjavur district in the South Indian State of Tamil Nadu, on the Mayiladuthurai-Kumbakonam road. Shiva is worshiped as "Kampahareswarar" as he removed the quaking (Skt. Kampa) of a king who was being haunted by a Brahmarakshasa. It was built by Kulothunga Chola III and is considered the last of the four masterpieces built during the Medieval Chola era.

The temple has a shrine for Sharabha, a depiction of Shiva, a part-lion and part-bird beast in Hindu mythology, who, according to Sanskrit literature, is eight-legged and more powerful than a lion or an elephant, possessing the ability to clear a valley in one jump. The temple is considered in the line of Brihadisvara Temple at Thanjavur, Gangaikonda Cholapuram temple and Airavatesvara temple, with the trio forming the Great Living Chola Temples.

Hindu mythology
Hindu mythology refers to the collection of myths associated with Hinduism, derived from various Hindu texts and traditions. These myths are found in sacred texts such as the Vedas, the Itihasas (the Mahabharata and the Ramayana), and the Puranas. They also appear in regional and ethnolinguistic texts, including the Bengali Mangal Kavya and the Tamil Periya Puranam and Divya Prabandham. Additionally, Hindu myths are also found in widely translated fables like the Panchatantra and the Hitopadesha, as well as in Southeast Asian texts influenced by Hindu traditions.
Richard Anthony Tell
Richard Anthony Tell is a physicist at Richard Tell Associates, Inc. in Madison, Alabama, United States. He was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2012 for his contributions to the assessment of, and safety standards for, human exposure to radio frequency energy.

Tell attended Midwestern State University for his undergraduate degree, finishing with a BS in physics and mathematics in 1966. He went on for an MS in radiation sciences at Rutgers University, which he completed in 1967.

Working for the United States government, first at the Center for Devices and Radiological Health and later at the Environmental Protection Agency, Tell helped develop safety standards for exposure to radiofrequency fields.

FDA Center for Devices and Radiological Health
The Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) is one of six product centers of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), an agency that is part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). CDRH is responsible for ensuring that patients and providers in the U.S. have timely and continued access to safe, effective, and high-quality medical devices and safe radiation-emitting products.

Examples of products that CDRH regulates include medical devices ranging from tongue depressors and personal protective equipment (PPE) to pacemakers and robotic surgical systems, and medical and non-medical radiation-emitting electronic products such as lasers, x-ray systems, ultrasound equipment, microwave ovens, and color televisions.

As of October 2024, the Director of CDRH is Michelle Tarver M.D., Ph.D.
1962 European Athletics Championships – Women's 400 metres
The women's 400 metres at the 1962 European Athletics Championships was held in three rounds at the JNA Stadium in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, on 12, 13, and 14 September 1962. It was the second time that the event was contested at the European Athletics Championships.

Eighteen athletes of thirteen nations competed in round 1, thirteen athletes of nine nations continued in the semi-finals, and six athletes from six nations advanced to the final. That final race was won by Mariya Itkina of the Soviet Union in 53.4 seconds, equalling her own world record, with Joy Grieveson of Great Britain and Tilly van der Zwaard of the Netherlands finishing in second and third place respectively.

Athletics abbreviations
The sports under the umbrella of athletics, particularly track and field, use a variety of statistics.  In order to report that information efficiently, numerous abbreviations have grown to be common in the sport. Starting in 1948 by Bert Nelson and Cordner Nelson, Track & Field News became the leader in creating and defining abbreviations in this field. These abbreviations have also been adopted by, among others: World Athletics, the world governing body; various domestic governing bodies; the Association of Track and Field Statisticians; the Association of Road Racing Statisticians; the Associated Press; and individual media outlets who receive their reports. These abbreviations also appear in Wikipedia.
Illinois Journal of Mathematics
The Illinois Journal of Mathematics is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal of mathematics published by Duke University Press on behalf of the University of Illinois. It was established in 1957 by Reinhold Baer, Joseph L. Doob, Abraham Taub, George W. Whitehead, and Oscar Zariski.

The journal published the proof of the four color theorem by Kenneth Appel and Wolfgang Haken, which featured a then-unusual tabulation of computer-generated cases.

Kenneth Appel
Kenneth Ira Appel (October 8, 1932 – April 19, 2013) was an American mathematician who in 1976, with colleague Wolfgang Haken at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, solved the four-color theorem, one of the most famous problems in mathematics. They proved that any two-dimensional map, with certain limitations, can be filled in with four colors without any adjacent "countries" sharing the same color. The proof was controversial because it depended on thousands of computer calculations that could not be double-checked by hand, the first prominent example of such a process.
Joseph Gart
Joseph Gart (Hebrew: יוסף גרט) was a Provençal Jewish liturgical poet and commentator, who likely lived at Aix in the fifteenth century.

The surname is, according to Neubauer, the equivalent of the Hebrew "Shomroni," borne by the Gard family of Avignon (to which Joseph belonged) in addition to their Provençal surname, "Gart." Two literary productions of Gart are still extant in manuscript, a liturgical poem for Rosh Hashanah, and a commentary on the liturgies for the Four Sabbaths.

Aix-en-Provence
Aix-en-Provence, often known as simply Aix, is a city and commune in southern France, about 30 km (20 mi) north of Marseille. A former capital of Provence, it is the subprefecture of the arrondissement of Aix-en-Provence, in the department of Bouches-du-Rhône, in the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. The population of Aix-en-Provence is approximately 148,000. Its inhabitants are called Aixois or, less commonly, Aquisextains.