hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
GAZ-69
The GAZ-69 is a Soviet four-wheel drive off-road vehicle produced by GAZ (ГАЗ, or Gorkovsky Avtomobilnyi Zavod, Gorky Automobile Factory) between 1953 and 1956 and then by UAZ between 1956 and 1972, though all of these light truck class vehicles were known as GAZ-69s. It was also produced in Romania until 1975.

GAZ
GAZ (Gorkovsky avtomobilny zavod, Russian: ГАЗ, Го́рьковский автомоби́льный заво́д, lit. 'Gorky Automobile Plant') is a Russian automotive manufacturer located in Nizhny Novgorod, formerly known as Gorky (Горький) (1932–1990). It is the core subsidiary of GAZ Group Holding, which is itself part of Basic Element industrial group. JSC Russian Machines is the controlling shareholder in OAO GAZ.
Outline of the Iraq War
The following outline is provided as an overview of, and topical guide to, the Iraq War.

Iraq War – a protracted armed conflict in Iraq lasting from 2003 to 2011, which began with the invasion of Iraq by a United States-led coalition that overthrew the Iraqi government of Saddam Hussein. The conflict continued for much of the next decade as an insurgency emerged to oppose the coalition forces and the post-invasion Iraqi government. US troops were officially withdrawn in 2011. The invasion occurred as part of the George W. Bush administration's war on terror following the September 11 attacks.

2004 Iraq document leak
On 18 September 2004 the British Daily Telegraph ran two articles titled "Secret papers show Blair was warned of Iraq chaos" and 'Failure is not an option, but it doesn't mean they will avoid it' by reporter Michael Smith, revealing the contents of six leaked British government documents – labelled "secret" or "confidential" – concerning the lead-up to the war in Iraq.

The documents achieved recognition in the US press nine months later, on 18 June 2005, when the Associated Press (AP) published full typed copies of all six papers on its website.  The copies were provided by the British reporter, who said he had destroyed the original documents to protect his sources.  An anonymous senior British official said the documents appeared authentic.
Daegu Technical University
Daegu Technical University is a private technical university located in the Dalseo-gu district of Daegu, the third-largest city in South Korea.  It provides training in primarily industrial fields.  About 60 instructors are employed.

Dalseo District
Dalseo District (Korean: 달서구; RR: Dalseo-gu) is a district in western Daegu, South Korea.  It borders Dalseong County on the north, south, and west, and Seo-gu and Nam District on the east.  It has a population of about 520,000, and an area of 62.34 square kilometers.  The population rose dramatically in the 1990s, and has been approximately level since 2000.
Steadfast F.C.
Steadfast Football Club is a Ghanaian professional football club based in Tamale in the Northern Region of Ghana that was founded by Ghanaian politician Haruna Iddrisu. As for the season 2020/21, the club competes in Zone One of the Division One League which is the second tier of the football league system in Ghana, and the MTN FA Cup. The club plays their home fixtures at the Tamale Stadium, and are rivals with city neighbours Real Tamale United and Tamale City FC.

Northern Region (Ghana)
The Northern Region is one of the sixteen regions of Ghana. It is situated in the northern part of the country and ranks as the second largest of the sixteen regions. Before its division, it covered an area of 25,000 square kilometres, representing 10 percent of Ghana's area. In December 2018, the Savannah Region and North East Region were created from it.  The Northern Region is divided into 16 districts. The region's capital is Tamale,  Ghana's third-largest city.
Crocus graveolens
Crocus graveolens is a species of flowering plant in the family Iridaceae. It is native to Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, and Turkey.

Found growing around 1000 meters in stony fields, scrub, and pine forests; flowering occurs in February and March.

The flowers are yellow with finely divided stigma with around 12 threads; plants produce many narrow leaves that are grey-green. The tunic of the corms are parallel fibred, and the flowers smell like elder.

Iridaceae
Iridaceae (/ɪrɪˈdeɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/) is a family of plants in order Asparagales, taking its name from the irises. It has a nearly global distribution, with 69 accepted genera with a total of about 2500 species. It includes a number of economically important cultivated plants, such as species of Freesia, Gladiolus, and Crocus, as well as the crop saffron.

Members of this family are perennial plants, with a bulb, corm or rhizome.  The plants grow erect, and have leaves that are generally grass-like, with a sharp central fold. Some examples of members of this family are the blue flag and yellow flag.
Ring cairn
A ring cairn (also correctly termed a ring bank enclosure, but sometimes wrongly described as a ring barrow) is a circular or slightly oval, ring-shaped, low (maximum 0.5 metres high) embankment, several metres wide and from 8 to 20 metres in diameter. It is made of stone and earth and was originally empty in the centre. In several cases the middle of the ring was later used (at Hound Tor, for example, there is a stone cist in the centre). The low profile of these cairns is not always possible to make out without conducting excavations.

Cist
In archeology, a cist (/ˈkɪst/; also kist /ˈkɪst/;
ultimately from Ancient Greek: κίστη; cognate to English: chest) or cist grave is a small stone-built coffin-like box or ossuary used to hold the bodies of the dead. In some ways, it is similar to the deeper shaft tomb. Examples occur across Europe and in the Middle East.
A cist may have formerly been associated with other monuments, perhaps under a cairn or a long barrow. Several cists are sometimes found close together within the same cairn or barrow. Often ornaments have been found within an excavated cist, indicating the wealth or prominence of the interred individual.

This old word is preserved in the Nordic languages as kista in Swedish and kiste in Danish and Norwegian, as well as in Dutch (kist), where it is the word for a funerary coffin.  In English the term is related to cistern and to chest.
Muay Lao
Muay Lao (Lao: ມວຍລາວ, lit. "Lao boxing") is a combat sport from Laos based on ancient Lao martial arts.  It incorporates punches, kicks, elbow, and knee strikes. The sport can be traced back to the 15th century, when it was used for military combat during the Lan Xang dynasty. It is similar to Muay Thai from Thailand and Pradal Serey from Cambodia. Muay Lao was included as an event at the 2009 Southeast Asian Games in Vientiane.

The bouts consist of five rounds, and each round is three minutes.

The martial art is related to other forms of martial arts, including Pradal Serey in Cambodia and Muay Thai in Thailand.

Knee (strike)
A knee strike (commonly referred to simply as a knee) is a strike with the knee, either with the kneecap or the surrounding area. Kneeing is a disallowed practice in many combat sports, especially to the head of a downed opponent.  Styles such as kickboxing and several mixed martial arts organizations allow kneeing depending on the positioning of the fighters. Knee strikes are native to the traditional Southeast Asian martial arts and traditional Okinawan martial arts.
Ivan Harbarchuk
Ivan Harbarchuk (Ukrainian: Іван Гарбарчук, born 11 May 2006 in Lutsk) is a Ukrainian swimmer.  He is 2022 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival silver medalist in 100 m butterfly event, and 2023 European Junior Swimming Championships bronze medalist in 50 m butterfly event.

Lutsk
Lutsk (Ukrainian: Луцьк, IPA: [lutsʲk] ⓘ; see below for other names) is a city on the Styr River in northwestern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Volyn Oblast and the administrative center of Lutsk Raion within the oblast. Lutsk has a population of 220,986 (2022 estimate).

A city with almost a thousand years of history, recorded in 1085, Lutsk historically served as an administrative, cultural and religious center in Volhynia. The city contains several landmarks in various styles, including Renaissance, Baroque and Neoclassical, the most known being the medieval Lubart's Castle.
Coulter, Pennsylvania
Coulter (also known as Coulters, formerly also Coulterville or Coultersville) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in South Versailles Township, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is located along the Youghiogheny River, 14.3 miles (23.0 km) southeast of Pittsburgh.

The community occupies land warranted in 1787 to Eli Coulter. This land was conveyed by patent in 1855 to Margaret Coulter, who laid out a village in 1858. Coultersville was a coal mining village until early in the 20th century when the local mines were depleted and closed.

Coulter has a post office, with ZIP code 15028. Established in 1864 as Duncan, the post office was renamed Coultersville in 1894 and Coulters in 1900.

Youghiogheny River
The Youghiogheny River (/jɒkəˈɡeɪni/ yok-ə-GAY-nee), or the Yough (/ˈjɒk/ YOK) for short, is a 134-mile-long (216 km) tributary of the Monongahela River in West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. It drains an area on the west side of the Allegheny Mountains northward into Pennsylvania, providing a small watershed in extreme western Maryland into the tributaries of the Mississippi River. Youghiogheny is a Lenape word meaning "a stream flowing in a contrary direction".
Wick Wood and Worldham Hangers
Wick Wood and Worldham Hangers is a 91.8-hectare (227-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest west of Bordon in Hampshire. It is part of the East Hampshire Hangers Special Area of Conservation.

This site has ancient semi-natural woods on the steep slopes of the Upper Greensand and the adjacent gently sloping Gault Clay, with a number of springs at the junction of the two strata. The ground flora on the unstable upper slopes is sparse, but lower down it is rich and dominated by wild garlic. Two ponds add to the habitat diversity.

Special Area of Conservation
A special area of conservation (SAC) is defined in the European Union's Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC), also known as the Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora. They are to protect the 220 habitats and approximately 1,000 species listed in annex I and II of the directive which are considered to be of European interest following criteria given in the directive. They must be chosen from the sites of Community importance by the member states and designated SAC by an act assuring the conservation measures of the natural habitat.

SACs complement special protection areas and together form a network of protected sites across the European Union called Natura 2000.  This, in turn, is part of the Emerald network of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) under the Berne Convention.
Eagris sabadius
Eagris sabadius is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe and on Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion, the Seychelles and the Comoro Islands. The habitat consists of montane forests, forests and forest margins.

The larvae feed on Grewia similis, Grewia forbesii, Hibiscus × rosa-sinensis, Dombeya burgessiae and Rhus species.

Skipper (butterfly)
Skippers are a group of butterflies placed in the family Hesperiidae within the order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). They were previously placed in a separate superfamily, Hesperioidea, but have since been placed in the superfamily Papilionoidea (the butterflies). They are named for their quick, darting flight habits. Most have their antenna tips modified into narrow, hook-like projections. Moreover, skippers mostly lack wing-coupling structure available in most moths. More than 3500 species of skippers are recognized, and they occur worldwide, but with the greatest diversity in the Neotropical regions of Central and South America.
Laune
Laune is the 24th district of the city of Lahti, in the region of Päijät-Häme, Finland. It borders the districts of Asemantausta in the north, Kerinkallio and Nikkilä in the east, Renkomäki in the southeast, Jokimaa in the southwest and Hennala in the west.

The population of the statistical district of Laune was 6,201 in 2019.

Päijät-Häme
Päijät-Häme (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈpæi̯j(ː)æt̪ˌhæme̞(ʔ)]; Swedish: Päijänne-Tavastland) is a region in Southern Finland south of the lake Päijänne. It borders the regions of Uusimaa, Kanta-Häme, Pirkanmaa, Central Finland, South Savo and Kymenlaakso. The biggest city in the region is Lahti.

Päijät-Häme boasts a landscape shaped by two key features. Finland's second-largest, Lake Päijänne, dominates the region, offering a vast freshwater expanse and a vital transportation route. The Salpausselkä ridge, a glacial remnant, adds a touch of elevation and scenic variation. Beyond these, Päijät-Häme features extensive coniferous forests. Rolling hills provide scenic views, while numerous smaller lakes and rivers create a network of waterways.
Burgner
Burgner is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Daniel Burgner (born 1954), American bobsledder

Dörte Burgner, married name of German painter Dodo (1907–1998)

Jessica Burgner-Kahrs (born 1981), German roboticist

Jessica Burgner-Kahrs
Jessica Burgner-Kahrs (born 1981) is a German roboticist who works in Canada as an associate professor at the University of Toronto. Her research concerns continuum robotics, which she defines as the study of robots that can bend smoothly along their length (like a snake or tentacle) rather than being articulated at a discrete set of joints. The applications of this technology include minimally invasive surgery and servicing industrial machinery.
Donald B. Campbell
Donald B. Campbell is an Australian-born astronomer and Professor of Astronomy at Cornell University.  Prior to joining the Cornell faculty he was Director of the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico for seven years. Campbell's research work is in the general area of planetary studies with a concentration on the radio-wavelength-scattering properties of planets, planetary satellites, and small bodies.  His work includes studies of Venus, the Moon, the Galilean satellites of Jupiter, Titan, as well as comets and asteroids. Campbell observed near-Earth asteroid 433 Eros, which was the first asteroid detected by the Arecibo Observatory radar system.

433 Eros
433 Eros is a stony asteroid of the Amor group, and the first discovered, and second-largest near-Earth object. It has an elongated shape and a volume-equivalent diameter of approximately 16.8 kilometers (10.4 miles).

The asteroid was discovered by German astronomer C. G. Witt at the Berlin Observatory on 13 August 1898 in an eccentric orbit between Mars and Earth. It was later named after Eros, a god from Greek mythology, the son of Aphrodite. He is identified with the planet Venus.
2004 Georgia flag referendum
The 2004 Georgia flag referendum was a legislatively referred advisory referendum in Georgia. It took place on March 2, 2004, alongside the state's presidential primaries. The result was overwhelmingly in favor of the 2003 flag, which received 73.1% of the vote.

Legislative referral
A legislative referral (or legislative referendum) is a referendum in which a legislature puts proposed legislation up for popular vote. This may either be voluntarily or, as is the case in many countries for a constitutional amendment, as a mandatory part of the procedure for passing a law. These referrals, depending on the location, can either amend a constitution or enact a change in statute. It is a form of direct democracy. In some places it is known as an authorities referendum, authorities plebiscite, government initiated referendum, or top-down referendum It may originate from the legislative branch, executive branch, or a combination of the two.

An instrument of direct democracy, it is in contrast to citizens (or "bottom-up") initiative that is initiated from the public. With initiated statutes and amendments, voters both initiate and decide on the change of law. In a legislative referral, they only approve or reject laws which their legislature votes to place before them.
Claus Hessler
Claus Hessler, also spelled Claus Heßler, is a German drummer, author, and teacher. He is a clinician who specializes in Open-handed drumming and rudimental drumming, especially Basel Drumming and Moeller method.

Basel drum
The Basel drum (also known as the Basler or Basle drum) is a two-headed rope-tension drum. It takes its name from its origin in Basel, Switzerland. This percussion instrument is best known from the Carnival of Basel, where it is played by more than 2,000 drummers. They are called Tambouren in Swiss German or Tambours in French. There is no typical number of players for marching-bands including this instrument. Anything between three and fifty drummers may be seen in such a formation.

Drums of the same pattern are used throughout Switzerland in fife and drum (or drum only) societies as well as in Swiss Army bands. They are also known as 'Swiss drums' or 'Ordonance 82'.
Morila Gold Mine
The Morila Gold Mine (French: Mine d'or de Morila) is an open-pit gold mine situated 180 km south-east of Bamako, near the community of Sanso, in the Sikasso Region of Mali. The Mine is a 100% owned by the Government of Mali through the operating company Societe des Mines de Morila SA.

With production starting in October 2000 Morila became one of West Africa’s most prolific gold mines, yielding over 7.5 million ounces since then and earning the nickname “Morila the Gorilla” for its high-grade output. It was previously operated as a joint venture between AngloGold Ashanti, Randgold (now Barrick Mining Corporation), and the Malian state. After being acquired by Australian company Firefinch in 2020, the mine faced operational challenges and was abandoned in 2022. In June 2025, the Malian government took full control, aiming to revive the site under national ownership despite uncertainties around financing and rehabilitation.

Gold mining
Gold mining is the extraction of gold by mining.

Historically, gold mining from alluvial deposits used manual separation processes, such as gold panning. The expansion of gold mining to ores that are below the surface has led to more complex extraction processes such as pit mining and gold cyanidation. In the 20th and 21st centuries, large corporations produce the vast majority of the gold mined. However, as a result of the increasing value of gold, there are also millions of small, artisanal miners in many parts of the Global South.

As with all mining, human rights and environmental issues are important issues in the gold mining industry, and can result in environmental conflict. In mines with less regulation, health and safety risks are much higher.
Narasun
Narasun (Russian: Нарасун) is a rural locality (a selo) in Akshinsky District, Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia. Population: 784 (2021 census); 929 (2010 census); 1,097 (2002 census);  There are 9 streets in this selo.

Zabaykalsky Krai
Zabaykalsky Krai is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the Russian Far East. Its administrative center is Chita. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 1,107,107.

The krai was created on 1 March 2008, as a result of a merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug after a referendum held on the issue on 11 March 2007. In 2018, the krai became part of the Far Eastern Federal District.
Rotunda, Aldershot
The Rotunda was a Primitive Methodist church in Aldershot in Hampshire in the UK that was completed in 1876 and demolished in the 1980s. While the building took its name from the architectural form rotunda, it was in fact octagonal, and was notable as one of only 14 octagonal chapels built by the Methodists.

Primitive Methodist Church
The Primitive Methodist Church is a Methodist Christian denomination aligned with the holiness movement. Originating in early 19th-century England as a revivalist movement within Methodism, it was heavily influenced by American evangelist Lorenzo Dow (1777–1834), whose visits inspired a return to fervent, open-air preaching.

In the United States, the Primitive Methodist Church had eighty-three parishes and 8,487 members in 1996.  In 2025, the PMC in the United States has 60 congregations across 13 eastern states.

In Great Britain and Australia, the Primitive Methodist Church merged with other denominations, to form the Methodist Church of Great Britain in 1932 and the Methodist Church of Australasia in 1902. (The latter subsequently merged into the Uniting Church in Australia in 1977.)
Hip Hop (Royce da 5'9" song)
"Hip Hop" is a song by American rapper Royce da 5'9", released as the first single from his second studio album, Death Is Certain, which was released in 2004 through E1 Music (formerly "Koch Records"). The song is produced by DJ Premier.  The single was released on November 22, 2003 in both physical and digital format. "Hip Hop" charted at #98 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart in late 2003.  "Hip Hop" samples "Overture" by Jerry Goldsmith. The b-side for this single is "Death Is Certain Pt. 2 (It Hurts)".

MNRK Music Group
MNRK Music Group (pronounced "monarch"), formerly known as Koch Records and Entertainment One (eOne) Music, is an American independent record label and music management company based in New York City. It was formed in 1987 as a music division of Koch Entertainment, which was acquired by and absorbed into Entertainment One (or eOne for short) in 2004. eOne was acquired by toy and multimedia company Hasbro in 2019, absorbed its family brands division in the process and announced the sale of this division to the Blackstone Group in April 2021, which then adopted this name. Hasbro then sold the remains of eOne to Lionsgate, who then rebranded it initially as eOne Canada and then Lionsgate Canada.

MNRK owns the libraries of Artemis Records, Dualtone Records, Last Gang Records and Prosthetic Records.
B.N.M. Institute of Technology
B.N.M. Institute of Technology (also Bhageerathi Bai Narayana Rao Maanay Institute of Technology) is an autonomous private technical co-educational engineering education institution located in Bangalore, Karnataka, India. It was established in 2001 and is affiliated to the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum.

Institute of technology
An institute of technology (also referred to as technological/technology university/college, technical university/college, university/college of technology, polytechnic university) is an institution of tertiary education that specializes in engineering, technology, applied science, and natural sciences.
William Beatty (Pennsylvania politician)
William Beatty (1787 – April 12, 1851) was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

William Beatty was born in Stewartstown, County Tyrone in the Kingdom of Ireland in 1787. He immigrated to the United States in 1807 and settled in Butler, Pennsylvania.  Beatty was a sergeant in Captain Thompson's company in the War of 1812. He served as sheriff of Butler County, Pennsylvania, from 1823 to 1826.

Beatty was elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth Congresses.  He was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1840 to 1842.  He appointed deputy sheriff of Butler County and died in Butler in 1851. Interment in the Old Butler Cemetery.

26th United States Congress
The 26th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1839, to March 4, 1841, during the third and fourth years of Martin Van Buren's presidency.  The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1830 United States census. Both chambers had a Democratic majority.