hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2,5-Diamino-6-hydroxy-4-(5-phosphoribosylamino)pyrimidine
2,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-4-(5-phosphoribosylamino)pyrimidine is a metabolite in the purine metabolism, formed by the hydrolysis of GTP by GTP cyclohydrolase II. Alternatively two separate enzymes can carry out this reaction, initially GTP cyclohydrolase IIa hydrolyses the 8,9 bond to form 2-Amino-5-formylamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one, followed by de-formylation by 2-amino-5-formylamino-6-ribosylaminopyrimidin-4(3H)-one 5'-monophosphate deformylase. 2,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-4-(5-phosphoribosylamino)pyrimidine is deaminated by Diaminohydroxyphosphoribosylaminopyrimidine deaminase to form 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)uracil.

The compound is a precursr to riboflavin when a reductase enzyme catalyses the reaction:

Guanosine triphosphate
Guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP) is a purine nucleoside triphosphate.  It is one of the building blocks needed for the synthesis of RNA during the transcription process. Its structure is similar to that of the guanosine nucleoside, the only difference being that nucleotides like GTP have phosphates on their ribose sugar. GTP has the guanine nucleobase attached to the 1' carbon of the ribose and it has the triphosphate moiety attached to ribose's 5' carbon.

It also has roles as a source of energy and as an activator of substrates in metabolic reactions, similar to the roles of ATP, but it is more specific. It is used as a source of energy for protein synthesis and gluconeogenesis.

GTP is essential to signal transduction, in particular with G-proteins, in second-messenger mechanisms where it is converted to guanosine diphosphate (GDP) through the action of GTPases.
Gudumba Shankar
Gudumba Shankar is a 2004 Indian Telugu-language comedy film directed by Veera Shankar and produced by Nagendra Babu under Anjana Productions banner. Pawan Kalyan plays the title role, wrote the screenplay, and choreographed three songs and the action scenes. The film also stars Meera Jasmine and Ashish Vidyarthi while Sayaji Shinde, Brahmanandam, and Ali play supporting roles. The music was scored by Mani Sharma with cinematography by Chota K. Naidu.

Nagendra Babu
Konidela Nagendra Rao (born 29 October 1961), popularly known as Nagendra Babu and Naga Babu, is an Indian actor, producer, and politician who works in Telugu cinema. He has received one National Film Award and two Nandi Awards for his work as a producer. He is the general secretary of the Janasena Party and the Member of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council since March 2025.
Kuril Strait
First Kuril Strait (Russian: пролив Первый Курильский, Japanese: 占守海峡, Shumushu Strait) (also known as just Kuril Strait) is a strait separating the Shumshu Island of the Kuril Islands from the Cape Lopatka, Kamchatka Peninsula.

Kamchatka Peninsula
The Kamchatka Peninsula (Russian: полуо́стров Камча́тка, romanized: poluóstrov Kamchátka, pronounced [pəlʊˈostrəf kɐmˈt͡ɕætkə], Ainu: Cupka) is a 1,250-kilometre-long (777 mi) peninsula in the Russian Far East, with an area of about 270,000 km2 (100,000 sq mi). The Sea of Okhotsk bounds the peninsula's western coastline, immediately offshore of the peninsula and below the Bering Sea runs the 9,600-metre-deep (31,496 ft) Kuril–Kamchatka Trench. Its eastern coastline is the Bering Sea, part of the Pacific Ocean.

The Kamchatka Peninsula, the Commander Islands, and Karaginsky Island constitute Kamchatka Krai of the Russian Federation. The majority of the 322,079 inhabitants are ethnic Russians, with about 13,000 being Koryaks (2014). More than half of the population lives in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (179,526 in 2010) and nearby Yelizovo (38,980). The Kamchatka Peninsula contains the volcanoes of Kamchatka, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, that form part of the Ring of Fire.
Valeriy Pronkin
Valeriy Alexandrovich Pronkin (Russian: Валерий Александрович Пронкин; born 15 June 1994) is a Russian hammer thrower. His personal best is 79.32 metres, achieved in July 2017 in Zhukovskiy. He won the silver medal at the 2017 World Championships competing as a neutral athlete.

Authorised Neutral Athletes
Authorised Neutral Athlete (ANA) and Individual Neutral Athlete (AIN) are a capacity under which athletes can compete at international sporting competitions without representing their nations, as is standard convention under the Olympic Charter. As of August 2022, only Russian and Belarusian athletes of some sports have competed or are competing within the ANA capacity.

Originally introduced in athletics in 2017 following the Russian doping scandal which first came to light in December 2014, the term was introduced to other sports following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Quoting a breach of the Olympic Truce by the Russian government in which Belarus was complicit, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) recommended suspending all teams, officials and competitors from Russia and Belarus from being involved in sport due to security concerns, while allowing individuals to compete in a neutral capacity.
Domnall mac Áeda Muindeirg
Domnall mac Áeda Muindeirg (died 804) was a chief of the Cenél Conaill of the northern Uí Néill in modern County Donegal and sometimes styled "King of the North". He was the son of Áed Muinderg (died 747) and grandson of the high king Flaithbertach mac Loingsig (died 765).

Uí Néill
The Uí Néill (pronounced [iː ˈnʲeːl̠ʲ]; meaning "descendants of Niall") are Irish dynasties that claim descent from Niall Noígíallach (Niall of the Nine Hostages), a historical King of Tara who is believed to have died around c. 405. They are generally divided into the Northern and Southern Uí Néill.
Serbian Ice Hockey Association
The Serbian Ice Hockey Association (Serbian Savez hokeja na ledu Srbije, Савез хокеја на леду Србије) is the governing body and member of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) that oversees ice hockey in Serbia. The IIHF recognizes the Yugoslavia, which joined in 1939, as the predecessor to Serbia, which officially became a member in 2007.

Sports governing body
A sports governing body is a sports organization that has a regulatory or sanctioning function.

Sports governing bodies come in various forms and have a variety of regulatory functions, including disciplinary procedure for rule infractions and deciding on rule
changes in the sport that they govern. Governing bodies have different scopes. They may cover a range of sport at an internationally acceptable level, such as the International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympic Committee, or only a single sport at a national level, such as the Rugby Football League. National bodies will largely have to be affiliated with international bodies for the same sport. The first international federations were formed at the end of the 19th century.
Chiou Lien-hui
Chiou Lien-hui (Chinese: 邱連輝; pinyin: Qiū Liánhuī; 15 October 1932 – 13 September 2010) was a Taiwanese politician.

Chiou was first elected mayor of his native Linluo at age 27, and became the youngest mayor in Taiwan at the time. He served until 1965, and three years later was elected to the Pingtung County Council. As a member of the Taiwan Provincial Council from 1973 to 1981, Chiou was named the tangwai candidate for council speaker, but was defeated. He was once chastised by President Chiang Ching-kuo for discussing national affairs while in a provincial council meeting. In 1980, Chiou was the first tangwai candidate to be elected Pingtung County Magistrate. He stepped down in 1985 and served Pingtung County in the Legislative Yuan from 1987 to 1996.

Chiou died of stroke complications at the age of 77 on 13 September 2010. His funeral was held on 23 September.

Tangwai movement
The Tangwai movement, or simply Tangwai (Chinese: 黨外; pinyin: Dǎngwài; Wade–Giles: Tang3-wai4), was a loosely knit political movement in Taiwan in the mid-1970s and early 1980s. Although the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) had allowed contested elections for a small number of seats in the Legislative Yuan, opposition parties were still forbidden. As a result, many opponents of the KMT, officially classified as independents, ran and were elected as members "outside the party." The movement was at times tolerated and other times suppressed, the latter being the case particularly after the Kaohsiung Incident of 1979. Members of the movement eventually formed the Democratic Progressive Party, which after opposition political parties were legalized, contested elections and won the presidency with candidate Chen Shui-bian, ending decades of single party rule in Taiwan.
Noyes Records
Noyes Records (pronounced 'noise') is an independent record label based in Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada.  The music label was established in May 2005 by Chad Peck. Since 2005, the label represents mostly upcoming bands on the East Coast of Canada. In 2008, the label won the Coast's Best of Music Award for Best Local Label. Noyes bands have played notable national and international festivals including the Halifax Pop Explosion, Evolve Festival, and NXNE. Noyes artists are distributed nationally though Sonic Unyon, and are available on  Zunior.com.

Some of the artists currently represented on the label include Tomcat Combat, VKNGS and The Got To Get Got (featuring ex-members of North of America), The Memories Attack (featuring former Eric's Trip guitarist Chris Thompson), A History Of (with former members of The Plan), and other East Coast bands.

Eric's Trip
Eric's Trip is a Canadian indie rock band from Moncton, New Brunswick. Eric's Trip achieved prominence as the first Canadian band to be signed to Seattle's flagship grunge label Sub Pop in the early 1990s.

The band had a minor hit in alternative circles with the single "View Master", from the 1994 album Forever Again.
Kodomari Dam
The Kodomari Dam (小泊ダム, Kodomari damu) is a dam on the Kodomari River, located in the town of Nakadomari, Kitatsugaru District, Aomori Prefecture in the Tohoku region of Japan.

The dam is a concrete gravity dam across the Kodomari River. It is  multipurpose dam to provide water for irrigation, flood control and drinking water.

Gravity dam
A gravity dam is a dam constructed from concrete or stone masonry and designed to hold back water by using only the weight of the material and its resistance against the foundation. Gravity dams are designed so that each section of the dam is stable and independent of any other dam section. (In contrast, sections of an arch dam are not independently stable, and instead rely on transmitting force through neighboring sections to the abutments, often anchored into canyon walls.)
Japanese short-tailed bat
The Japanese short-tailed bat (Eptesicus japonensis) is a species of bat belonging to the family Vespertilionidae. It is endemic to Japan where it is found at the base of the northern Japanese Alps, the Chichibu Mountains and Oze National Park, mostly at altitudes higher than 700 m.

Oze National Park
Oze National Park (尾瀬国立公園, Oze Kokuritsu Kōen), is an area consisting of open greenland in Fukushima, Tochigi, Gunma and Niigata Prefectures in Japan. The park is 372 km2 in area and is the 29th national park in Japan.

Opened on 30 August 2007, the park's area includes the marshes (Ozegahara) and the mountains in the Oze area, formerly part of the Nikkō National Park, and other nearby areas including the Aizu-Komagatake and Tashiroyama mountains.

The park was the first new national park to open in 20 years, since the designation of Hokkaidō's Kushiro wetlands as a national park in 1987.

In Gunma's Jomo Karuta, Oze National Park is featured on the 'se' card.
Solid (web decentralization project)
Solid (abbreviation from Social Linked Data) is a web decentralization project led by Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web, originally developed collaboratively at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The project "aims to radically change the way Web applications work today, resulting in true data ownership as well as improved privacy" by developing a platform for linked-data applications that are completely decentralized and fully under users' control rather than controlled by other entities. The ultimate goal of Solid is to allow users to have full control of their own data, including access control and storage location. To that end, Tim Berners-Lee formed a company called Inrupt to help build a commercial ecosystem to fuel Solid.

Decentralized web
The decentralized web is a network of independent computers that provide secure, censorship-resistant access to information and services without relying on central servers or clouds, using decentralized computing.
Nera Verzasca
The Nera Verzasca, also known as the Nera di Verzasca or Verzaschese, is a Swiss breed of black domestic goat from the Valle Verzasca, in the canton of Ticino in southern Switzerland, from which it takes its name. It is raised in that area and in the provinces of Como, Varese and Verbano Cusio Ossola in northern Lombardy, in the north of Italy.

Province of Como
The province of Como (Italian: provincia di Como; Comasco: pruincia de Comm) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. It borders the Swiss cantons of Ticino and Grigioni to the north, the Italian provinces of Sondrio and Lecco to the East, the province of Monza and Brianza to the south and the province of Varese to the West. The city of Como is its capital—other large towns, with more than 10,000 inhabitants, include Cantù, Erba, Mariano Comense and Olgiate Comasco. Campione d'Italia also belongs to the province and is enclaved in the Swiss canton of Ticino. The Lugano Prealps cover the territory of the province, and the most important body of water is the glacial Lake Como.
Nokia 3
The Nokia 3 is a Nokia-branded entry-level Android smartphone designed and marketed by HMD Global. It was announced on 26 February 2017, a day before the Mobile World Congress started, along with the Nokia 6, Nokia 5, and Nokia 3310 (2017). The phone initially received regular monthly security updates and runs stock Android. Nokia 3.1 and others released after Nokia 3.

HMD Global
HMD Global (Human Mobile Devices) is a Finnish independent mobile phone manufacturer. The company is made up of the mobile phone business that the Nokia Corporation sold to Microsoft in 2014, then bought back in 2016 by former executives who formed HMD Global. HMD began marketing Nokia-branded smartphones and feature phones on 1 December 2016, through an exclusive licensing agreement, and began producing self-branded HMD phones in March 2024.

HMD formed a partnership with Google, and uses the Android operating system on their smartphones, originally under the Android One program, whereas HMD's feature phones use the Series 30+ platform as well as the more advanced KaiOS. Manufacturing is outsourced to Foxconn subsidiary FIH Mobile. Nokia has a stake in HMD, and remains a partner, setting mandatory requirements and providing patents and technologies, in return for royalty payments.
Rune André Østby
Rune André Østby (born 1973) is a Norwegian alpine skier.

He competed in two events at the 1991 Junior World Championships, and then four events at the 1992 Junior World Championships. His best placement was 7th in the 1992 slalom.

He made his World Cup debut in December 1994 in Tignes, and competed in eleven races, a 14th place from January 1996 in Flachau being his best result. He also competed in the giant slalom at the 1996 World Championships.

He represented the club Ullensaker SK.

FIS Alpine Ski World Cup
The FIS Alpine Ski World Cup is the top international circuit of alpine skiing competitions, launched in 1966 by a group of ski racing friends and experts that included French journalist Serge Lang and the alpine ski team directors from France (Honore Bonnet) and the USA (Bob Beattie). It was soon backed by International Ski Federation president Marc Hodler during the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1966 at Portillo, Chile, and became an official FIS event in the spring of 1967 after the FIS Congress at Beirut, Lebanon.

The inaugural World Cup race was held on 5 January 1967 in Berchtesgaden, West Germany, a slalom won by Heinrich Messner of Austria. Jean-Claude Killy of France and Nancy Greene of Canada were the overall winners for the first two seasons.
Electricity sector in Ghana
Ghana generates electric power from hydropower, fossil-fuel (thermal energy), and renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy. Electricity generation is one of the key factors in order to achieve the development of the Ghanaian national economy, with aggressive and rapid industrialization; Ghana's national electric energy consumption was 265 kilowatt hours per person in 2009.

Ghana exports some of its generated energy and fossil fuels to other countries. Electricity transmission is under the operations of Ghana Grid Company. The distribution of electricity is under Northern Electricity Distribution Company and Electricity Company of Ghana.

Kilowatt-hour
A kilowatt-hour (unit symbol: kW⋅h or kW h; commonly written as kWh) is a non-SI unit of energy equal to 3.6 megajoules (MJ) in SI units, which is the energy delivered by one kilowatt of power for one hour. Kilowatt-hours are a common billing unit for electrical energy supplied by electric utilities. Metric prefixes are used for multiples and submultiples of the basic unit, the watt-hour (3.6 kJ).
Balché
Balché is a mildly intoxicating beverage that was commonly consumed by the ancient Maya in what is now Mexico and upper Central America. Today, it is still common among the Maya. The drink is made from the bark of a leguminous tree, Lonchocarpus violaceus, which is soaked in honey and water, and fermented. A closely related beverage, made from honey produced from the nectar of a species of morning glory (Turbina corymbosa), is called xtabentún.

Ritual enemas and other psychoactive substances were also taken by those who drank balché.

According to food writer Sandor Katz, the ancient Maya consumed balché in enema form to maximize its inebriating effect. After the Maya were conquered by the Spanish, the drink was banned and their orchards were destroyed.

Ipomoea corymbosa
Ipomoea corymbosa (Rivea corymbosa, Turbina corymbosa) is a species of morning glory, native throughout Latin America from Mexico as far south as Peru and widely naturalised elsewhere. Its common names include Christmasvine, Christmaspops, and snakeplant.
Emil Rilke
Emil Rilke (born 19 November 1983) is a Czech former footballer who played as a midfielder. He played for Czech clubs including Teplice, Jablonec 97, SIAD Most, Slovan Liberec, and Ústí nad Labem. Abroad he played for Universitatea Cluj of Romania, German side Hansa Rostock, and Žilina of Slovakia. Rilke was a member of the Czech Republic Under-20 national team which competed in the 2003 U20 FIFA World Cup in the United Arab Emirates.

FC Hansa Rostock
FC Hansa Rostock (German: [ʔɛf ˈt͡seː ˈhanza ˈʁɔstɔk]) is a German association football club based in the city of Rostock,  Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. The club is also called "the cog" because of its club crest. They have emerged as one of the most successful clubs from the former East Germany after German reunification and have made several appearances in the top-flight Bundesliga. With over 29,000 club members, the club is one of the largest sports clubs in Germany.

After being in the Bundesliga for ten years, from 1995 to 2005, Rostock went into a steady decline. In 2012, the club was relegated to the 3. Liga for the second time, regaining its place in the 2. Bundesliga in 2021. They returned to the 3. Liga after three seasons following relegation in 2023–24.
Orbital Rashba effect
The orbital Rashba effect refers to the emergence of finite orbital angular momentum (OAM) Bloch states at solid surfaces, driven by the confining electric field that breaks inversion symmetry. The formation of chiral OAM states is the primary energy-lowering mechanism of Rashba states. In turn, chiral spin angular momentum (SAM) arises from these preexisting chiral OAM structures through spin–orbit coupling, linking the orientations of the two angular momenta. Thus, the OAM structure plays the central role in Rashba phenomena, while the spin texture appears as a concomitant effect. The orbital Rashba effect has been observed on the surfaces of a wide range of materials, including Au, Bi, Sb, Al, and the topological insulator Bi2Se3.

Antimony
Antimony is a chemical element with the symbol Sb (from Latin  stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous grey metal or metalloid, it occurs in nature mainly in the form of the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were powdered for use as medicine and cosmetics, often known by the Arabic name kohl.

China is the largest producer of antimony and its compounds, with most production coming from the Xikuangshan Mine in Hunan. The industrial methods for refining antimony from stibnite are roasting followed by reduction with carbon, or direct reduction of stibnite with iron.

The most common applications for metallic antimony are in alloys with lead and tin, which have improved properties for solders, bullets, and plain bearings. It improves the rigidity of lead-alloy plates in lead–acid batteries. Antimony trioxide is a prominent additive for halogen-containing flame retardants. Antimony is used as a dopant in semiconductor devices.
Felix Grundy Norman House
The Felix Grundy Norman House is a historic residence in Tuscumbia, Alabama, United States.  The house was built in 1851 by Felix Grundy Norman, a lawyer who also served as mayor of Tuscumbia and in the Alabama Legislature from 1841 to 1845 and 1847–48.  Norman's father-in-law was the land agent for the sale of the Chickasaw lands, and his brother-in-law, Armistead Barton, built Barton Hall in nearby Cherokee, Alabama.

The house sits on the corner of Main and Second Street, and has two identical façades facing each street.  Each face has a central pedimented portico supported by four Tuscan columns.  Each portico is flanked by tri-part windows consisting of a nine-over-nine sash window bordered by narrow three-over-three sashes.  The interior retains its Greek Revival woodwork and mantels.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Cherokee, Alabama
Cherokee is a town in west Colbert County, Alabama, United States. Located near the Tennessee River, it is part of the Florence–Muscle Shoals metropolitan area, known as "The Shoals". As of the 2020 census, Cherokee had a population of 970.
Torpedo (car)
The torpedo body style was a type of automobile body used from 1908 until the mid-1930s, which had a streamlined profile and a folding or detachable soft top. This design included a hood or bonnet line that was raised to align with the car's waistline, creating a straight beltline from front to back.

The name was introduced in 1908 when Captain Theo Masui, the London-based importer of French Gregoire cars, designed a streamlined body and called it "The Torpedo".

The Torpedo body style was usually fitted to four- or five-seat touring cars (cars without a fixed roof) with detachable or folding roof, and low side panels and doors. Torpedo cars did not have B pillars, so the only uprights present were those supporting the windshield.

Similar styles are phaeton and baquet.

The name is also used for trucks with a hood or bonnet.

Automobiles Grégoire
Automobiles Grégoire was a French manufacturer of cars and aero engines, established in 1902 in operation for about 20 years. The company grew from an earlier enterprise making engines under the name "Cyclone", established in 1899 by Louis Soncin, in Poissy, but was largely the creation of Pierre Joseph Grégoire (1876 - 1962).