hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Membranophone
A membranophone  is any musical instrument which produces sound primarily by way of a vibrating stretched membrane. It is one of the four main divisions of instruments in the original Hornbostel-Sachs scheme of musical instrument classification.

According to Sachs,

The sound is produced by a membrane ["skin" or "head"] stretched over an opening. Most, but not all, membranophones are generally called drums. They are classified according to material,  if it's single or double headed, shape, skin(s), skin fastening, playing positions, and manner of playing.

Curt Sachs
Curt Sachs (German: [zaks]; 29 June 1881 – 5 February 1959) was a German musicologist. He was one of the founders of modern organology (the study of musical instruments). Among his contributions was the Hornbostel–Sachs system, which he created with Erich von Hornbostel.
Massimiliano Smeriglio
Massimiliano Smeriglio (born 8 May 1966 in Rome) is an Italian politician, writer, university professor, and member of the European Parliament.

In 2006, he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies on the Communist Refoundation Party list. He was re-elected in 2013, among the ranks of SEL, but he gave up the seat in the Chamber of Deputies to serve as Vice-president of the Lazio region in the government led by Nicola Zingaretti.

Communist Refoundation Party
The Communist Refoundation Party (Italian: Partito della Rifondazione Comunista, abbr. PRC) is a communist political party in Italy that emerged from a split of the Italian Communist Party (PCI) in 1991. The party's secretary is Maurizio Acerbo, who replaced Paolo Ferrero in 2017. Armando Cossutta was the party's founder, while Fausto Bertinotti its longest-serving leader (1994–2008). The latter transformed the PRC from a traditional communist party into a collection of radical social movements.

The PRC is a member of the Party of the European Left (PEL), of which Bertinotti was the inaugural president in 2004. The PRC has not been represented in the Italian Parliament since 2008, but had a member of the European Parliament, Eleonora Forenza, who sat with the European United Left–Nordic Green Left (GUE/NGL) group in 2014–2019.
Kabale
Kabale City is a city in the Western Region of Uganda. It is the main city of Kabale District, and the district headquarters are located at Makanga hills.

It is sometimes nicknamed "Kastone" as in the local Rukiga language, a "kabale" is a small stone.

Kiga language
Kiga (also called Rukiga, Ruchiga, or Chiga) is a Great Lakes Bantu language of the Kiga people (Bakiga). Kiga is a similar and partially mutually intelligible with the Nkore language. It was first written in the second half of the 19th century.

Kiga is largely spoken in the ancient Kigezi region which includes about 5 districts, namely Rubanda, Rukiga, Kabale, Kanungu and some parts of Rukungiri. As of 2021, Kiga is spoken natively by about 1.3 million people in Uganda.

Kiga is so similar to Nkore (84%–94% lexical similarity) that some argue they are dialects of the same language, called Nkore-Kiga by Charles Taylor.
Jermaine Johnson (politician)
Jermaine Lafrance Johnson Sr. (born July 4, 1985) is an American politician, political advisor and former professional basketball player. A member of the Democratic Party, he is the member for South Carolina House of Representatives representing the 52nd district.

Political consulting
Political consulting is a form of consulting that consists primarily of advising and assisting political campaigns. Although the most important role of political consultants is arguably the development and production of mass media (largely television, direct mail, and digital advertising), consultants advise campaigns on many other activities, ranging from opposition research and voter polling, to field strategy and get out the vote efforts.
Bob Gretz
Bob Gretz is an American sportswriter and broadcaster. Gretz began covering sports in his hometown of Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania for The Punxsutawney Spirit newspaper. He moved on to Johnstown, Pennsylvania, where he worked for The Tribune-Democrat and covered the Pittsburgh Steelers on a daily basis. In 1981 Gretz started covering the Kansas City Chiefs as the Kansas City Star beat writer. His writing has been honored by the Associated Press Sports Editors (APSE) and the Pro Football Writers of America (PFWA). He joined the Chiefs Radio Network broadcast team in 1990 and was the pre-game host and  sideline reporter until 2008.  He is also the Kansas City representative on the Pro Football Hall of Fame selection committee. He graduated from Point Park College. He now has his own website, bobgretz.com, that covers the Chiefs, the NFL and the NFL draft each year.

The Tribune-Democrat
The Tribune-Democrat is a five-day morning daily newspaper published in Johnstown, Pennsylvania. It is owned by CNHI LLC.

The newspaper's coverage area includes all or parts of Blair, Bedford, Cambria, Indiana, Somerset and Westmoreland counties in Pennsylvania.

Founded as the weekly Cambria Tribune in 1853, the newspaper converted to afternoon daily format in 1873, taking the name Johnstown Tribune. It merged in 1952 with the morning Johnstown Democrat (founded in 1863, a daily since 1888). The combined Tribune-Democrat published two editions, morning and afternoon, until 1977, when the paper dropped its afternoon edition and also debuted a Sunday edition.

In 1987, the paper was sold to MediaNews Group. It was traded to Hollinger International in 1996. When Hollinger sold off the majority of its papers in 1999, The Tribune-Democrat went to current owner Community Newspaper Holdings.
Niebla usneoides
Niebla usneoides is a fruticose lichen that grows on rocks in the fog zone along the Pacific Coast of  Baja California in the Vizcaíno Desert and Magadalena Desert regions, and reported also from the Channel Islands and mainland of southern California.  The epithet,  usneoides is in reference to the similarity to the lichen genus Usnea.

Sebastián Vizcaíno Bay
Sebastián Vizcaíno Bay (Spanish: Bahía de Sebastián Vizcaíno) is a prominent bay along the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula in northwestern Mexico. It is named after explorer Sebastián Vizcaíno.
Vivian Kavanagh
Vivian Claude Kavanagh (2 June 1882 – 9 August 1917) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played one first-class match for Auckland in 1912/13. He was also a leading hockey player, who represented Auckland over many years as a half-back.

He fought in the Second Boer War, and enlisted to fight in World War I. He was killed in action on the Ypres Salient, and is buried at the Prowse Point War Cemetery.

Prowse Point Military Cemetery
Prowse Point Military Cemetery is a Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) burial ground for the dead of the First World War located in the Ypres Salient on the Western Front in Belgium.

The cemetery grounds were assigned to the United Kingdom in perpetuity by King Albert I of Belgium in recognition of the sacrifices made by the British Empire in the defence and liberation of Belgium during the war.
Warholm
Warholm is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David Warholm (1888–1971), Swedish fencer

Harald Warholm (1920–1967), Norwegian politician

Karsten Warholm (born 1996), Norwegian track athlete

Sebastian Warholm (born 1995), Norwegian actor

Sebastian Warholm
Sebastian Warholm (born 1995 in Oslo) is a Norwegian actor from Oslo, with roots in Brønnøysund.

He is arguably one of the most prominent child actors in Norway today, having starred as 'Robin' in all three seasons of Himmelblå, the most successful drama series in Norwegian TV history. Before this he was already a seasoned actor, known as 'Nure' in the popular family series Linus i Svingen and Jul i Svingen (Christmas in Svingen). He also hosted the kids TV show Barnas Supershow and in 2009 played the title role in the music video to The Blacksheeps-song Edwin, about a boy who wears women's clothing and dreams of becoming a girl.

In 2009, he nearly lost his life while vacationing in Gran Canaria, when he was surprised by a massive wave that pulled him away from the beach and out to sea. Just as he started to drown he was rescued by another tourist from Norway. Warholm later admitted that he struggled with trauma after his near-death experience.
Neptunite
Neptunite is a silicate mineral with the formula KNa2Li(Fe2+, Mn2+)2Ti2Si8O24. With increasing manganese it forms a series with mangan-neptunite. Watatsumiite is the variety with vanadium replacing the titanium in the formula.

It was first described in 1893 for an occurrence in the Narssârssuk pegmatite of West Greenland. It is also found within natrolite veins in glaucophane schist within serpentinite in San Benito County, California, US. It also occurs in Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec and in the Kola Peninsula of Russia.

The mineral is named for Neptune, Roman god of the sea because of its association with aegirine from Àgir, the Scandinavian sea-god.

The Gemological Institute of America (GIA) identified an 11.78-carat faceted specimen as neptunite based on Raman spectroscopy.

Gemological Institute of America
The Gemological Institute of America (GIA) is a nonprofit institute based in Carlsbad, California. It is dedicated to research and education in the field of gemology and the jewelry arts. Founded in 1931, GIA's mission is to protect buyers and sellers of gemstones by setting and maintaining the standards used to evaluate gemstone quality. The institute does so through research, gem identification, diamond grading services, and a variety of educational programs. Through its library and subject experts, GIA acts as a resource of gem and jewelry information for the trade, public, and media.

In 1953, the GIA developed its International Diamond Grading System and the "four Cs" (cut, clarity, color, and carat weight) as a standard to compare and evaluate the quality of diamonds.

As of 2024, the institute was headquartered in Carlsbad, California, and operates in 13 countries, with 11 campuses, 9 laboratories, and 4 research centers.
Haifa Lee Breakwater Light
Haifa Lee Breakwater Light  is a lighthouse in Haifa, Israel. It is located at the end of the quay serving as the inner breakwater of the Port of Haifa.

Until 2007 the light was located on top of a 31 feet (9 m) white square concrete harbor control tower. The focal plane height was 46 feet (14 m) and the visibility range was 5 nautical miles (9 km; 6 mi). Since then, the lee breakwater has been completely redeveloped and the light was moved to a 25 metres (82 ft) skeletal triangular radar tower.

Port of Haifa
The Port of Haifa (Hebrew: נָמֵל חֵיפָה, romanized: Nāmēl Ḥēyfāh; Arabic: حَيْفَا مِينَة‎, romanized: Mīnāʿ Ḥayfā) is the largest of Israel's three major international seaports, the others being the Port of Ashdod, and the Port of Eilat. Its natural deep-water harbor operates all year long and serves both passenger and merchant ships. It is one of the largest ports in the eastern Mediterranean in terms of freight volume and handles about 30 million tons of cargo per year (not including Israel Shipyards' port). The port employs over 1,000 people, rising to 5,000 when cruise ships dock in Haifa. The Port of Haifa lies north of Haifa's downtown quarter on the Mediterranean and stretches to some three kilometres along the city's central shore with activities ranging from military, industrial, and commercial next to a nowadays-smaller passenger cruising facility and Uri Michaeli Haifa International Airport.
Iosif Prut
Iosif Leonidovich Prut (Russian: Прут, Иосиф Леонидович; 6 November 1900 – 16 July 1996) was a Russian playwright and the first Soviet screenwriter. Prut was awarded the title of Honoured Artist of the RSFSR (1983).

Medal "For Battle Merit"
The Medal "For Battle Merit" (Russian: Медаль «За боевые заслуги») was a Soviet military medal awarded for "combat action resulting in a military success", "courageous defense of the state borders", or "successful military and political training and preparation".

It was created on October 17, 1938 by the decision of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. Like the Medal "For Courage", its status was revised to prevent the medal from being given for years of service (a practice that was rampant in the USSR) rather than actual bravery during a battle. More than 5,210,000 medals were awarded between 1938 and 1991.
Tea Grubišić
Tea Grubišić (born December 3, 1985) is a Croatian female handballer playing in the Turkish Women's Handball Super League for Ardeşen GSK and the Croatian national team. The 1.76 m (5 ft 9 in)-tall sportswoman plays in the left wing position.

She played in her country for RK Podravka Koprivnica (2004–2005), RK Lokomotiva Zagreb (2005–2011 and 2013–2015) and ZRK Samobor (2012–2013) before she transferred to the German team SG BBM Bietigheim. Grubišić moved the next season to Turkey to play for the Rize-based team Ardeşen GSK in the Women's Super League.

RK Podravka Koprivnica
Rukometni Klub Podravka Koprivnica is a Croatian women's handball club from Koprivnica. It is the most successful club in Croatian women's handball since formation of the league in 1992. The team currently competes in the Croatia women's first handball league. They have a fan club called Red Roosters formed in 2002.
Tomb of Murad I
The Tomb of Murad I (Albanian: Tyrbja e Sulltan Muratit; Turkish: Sultan I. Murad Türbesi, also known as Meşhed-i Hüdâvendigâr) is a mausoleum (türbe) dedicated to the Ottoman Sultan Murad I located in the Prishtina District, Kosovo.

Murad I (nicknamed Hüdavendigâr, meaning the "God-liked one" or the "sovereign" in this context) was killed in the Battle of Kosovo in 1389. The monument was built in the 14th century by Murad I's son Bayezid I, becoming the first example of Ottoman architecture in the Kosovo territory. His internal organs were buried in Kosovo field and remain to this day in the tomb at the site. Murad's other remains were taken to Bursa, his Anatolian birthplace, and buried there in his second tomb at the Hüdavendigâr complex in Bursa.

The monument was mentioned by Evliya Çelebi in 1660. The tomb has gained a religious significance for the local Muslims.

Kosovo field
Kosovo field (Albanian: Fusha e Kosovës; Serbian: Косово поље, romanized: Kosovo polje, lit. 'Blackbird Field') is a large karst field, located in the middle part of Kosovo. It is mostly known for being the site of the Battle of Kosovo (1389) between the Balkan Alliance led by Lazar of Serbia and Ottoman armies led by Murad I, and many other battles.
Aranka Siegal
Aranka Siegal (born Aranka Meizlik; June 11, 1930) is a writer, Holocaust survivor, and recipient of the Newbery Honor and Boston Globe-Horn Book Award, both awarded to her in 1982. She is the author of three books, the best known of which is Upon the Head of the Goat: A Childhood in Hungary 1930-1944, a memoir of her childhood in Hungary before her 12-month imprisonment in the Nazi concentration camps, Auschwitz – Birkenau and Bergen-Belsen.

Other works include Grace in the Wilderness: After the Liberation 1945-1948 and Memories of Babi.  Her novels are sold worldwide and have been translated into several different languages including, but not limited to, English, French, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Dutch, and German. She speaks six languages.

Aventura, Florida
Aventura is a planned suburban city in northeastern Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States, 15 miles (24 km) north of Miami and part of the Miami metropolitan area. The city is especially known for Aventura Mall, the fifth largest mall in the United States by total square feet of retail space and the largest mall in Florida.

The city name is from the Spanish word for "adventure", and was named "Aventura" after the developers of the original group of condominiums in the area, Eddie Lewis and Don Soffer, who had remarked "What an adventure this is going to be."

As of the 2020 census, the city population was 40,242, up from 35,762 in 2010.
Presidency of Iván Duque
Iván Duque's term as the 33rd president of Colombia began with his inauguration on August 7, 2018, and ended on August 7, 2022. Duque a right-wing leader from Bogotá, D.C., took office after a narrow victory over the incumbent leader of Human Colombia Gustavo Petro in the 2018 presidential election. Duque was succeeded by Gustavo Petro, who won the 2022 presidential election.

Humane Colombia
Humane Colombia (Spanish: Colombia Humana), formerly known as the Progressive Movement (Spanish: Movimiento Progresistas), is a Colombian left-wing political movement and party founded in 2011 and led by President Gustavo Petro. The youth wing of the party is known as Juventud Humana (Humane Youth).
SAP Mobile Platform
SAP Mobile Platform (formerly Sybase Unwired Platform) is a mobile enterprise application platform designed to simplify the task of creating applications that connect business data to mobile devices for workflow management and back-office integration. SAP Mobile Platform provides a layer of middleware between heterogeneous back-end data sources, such as relational databases, enterprise applications and files, and the mobile devices that need to read and write back-end data.

Application developers write the business logic of a mobile application using the development tools in SAP Mobile Platform. The product automatically does the translation required to create customized versions of the new application for a wide variety of mobile devices and operating systems. The intent is to make it easier and faster to create complex applications that use multiple data sources and will work on many different mobile devices.

Middleware
Middleware is a type of computer software program that provides services to software applications beyond those available from the operating system. It can be described as "software glue".

Middleware makes it easier for software developers to implement communication and input/output, so they can focus on the specific purpose of their application. It gained popularity in the 1980s as a solution to the problem of how to link newer applications to older legacy systems, although the term had been in use since 1968.
Mahlow station
Mahlow station is a station in the town of Mahlow in the municipality of Blankenfelde-Mahlow in the district of Teltow-Fläming in the German state of Brandenburg. It is on the Berlin–Dresden suburban line and is served by Berlin S-Bahn line S2.

Teltow-Fläming
Teltow-Fläming (German pronunciation: [ˈtɛltoː ˈflɛːmɪŋ]) is a Kreis (district) in the southwestern part of Brandenburg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from the east clockwise) Dahme-Spreewald, Elbe-Elster, the districts Wittenberg in Saxony-Anhalt, the district Potsdam-Mittelmark, and the Bundesland Berlin.
Bunka Parish
Bunka Parish (Latvian: Bunkas pagasts) is an administrative unit of South Kurzeme Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia. The parish has a population of 980 (as of 1/07/2013) and covers an area of 110.85 km2.

South Kurzeme Municipality
South Kurzeme Municipality (Latvian: Dienvidkurzemes novads) is one of the 35 municipalities established in Latvia in 2021. It surrounds Liepāja, Latvia's third largest city. Its first elected municipal council took office on 1 July 2021. Its seat is at Grobiņa.
2008–09 Hessenliga
The 2008–09 season of the Hessenliga was the first season of the league at tier five (V) of the German football league system after the introduction of the 3. Fußball-Liga.

SC Waldgirmes, champions of the Hessenliga, did not meet the licensing criteria for the Fußball-Regionalliga. In their place, the Bavarian team FC Bayern Alzenau were promoted to the 2009–10 Regionalliga Süd. SV Buchonia Flieden, Borussia Fulda, KSV Hessen Kassel II and FSC Lohfelden were relegated to their respective Verbandsligen.

1. FC Schwalmstadt and SVA Bad Hersfeld from the Verbandsliga Hessen-Nord, VfB Marburg from the Verbandsliga Hessen-Mitte and FSV Frankfurt II from the Verbandsliga Hessen-Süd were promoted to the 2009–10 Hessenliga. Joining them in the Hessenliga next season are Viktoria Aschaffenburg, having been relegated from the Regionalliga.

Verbandsliga Hessen-Nord
The Verbandsliga Hessen-Nord, until 2008 named Landesliga Hessen-Nord, is currently the sixth tier of the German football league system. Until the introduction of the 3. Liga in 2008 it was the fifth tier of the league system, and until the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 it was the fourth tier.
PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation
PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation (PXI) is one of several modular electronic instrumentation platforms in current use based on the Peripheral Component Interconnect bus, which includes PCI Express (PCIe). These platforms are used as a basis for building electronic test equipment, automation systems, and modular laboratory instruments.

PXI is based on industry-standard computer buses and permits flexibility in building equipment. Often, modules are fitted with custom software to manage the system.

Laboratory
A laboratory (UK: /ləˈbɒrətəri/; US: /ˈlæbrətɔːri/; colloquially lab) is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed. Laboratories are found in a variety of settings such as schools, universities, privately owned research institutions, corporate research and testing facilities, government regulatory and forensic investigation centers,  physicians' offices, clinics, hospitals, regional and national referral centers, and even occasionally personal residences.
Chibi, Hubei
Chibi (Chinese: 赤壁; pinyin: Chìbì) is a county-level city in southeastern Hubei province, China. Neighboring Wuhan in the north and Yueyang in the south, Chibi is called the "South Gate of Hubei". It is under the administration of Xianning prefecture-level city. Chibi was called Puqi (蒲圻; Púqí) until 11 June 1998, when the State Council approved its renaming to "Chibi" since it was alleged as the site of the famous Battle of Chibi that took place in the winter of 208/9 CE.

Chibi has an area of 1,723 square kilometres (665 sq mi) and a population of 470,355 as of 2020.

Yueyang
Yueyang, formerly known as Yuezhou or Baling, is a prefecture-level city on the eastern shores of Dongting Lake and the Yangtze river in the northeastern corner of Hunan Province in the People's Republic of China.

Yueyang has an administrative area of 14,896 km2 (5,751 sq mi) and the city proper, 304 km2 (117 sq mi). The population was 5,051,922 at the 2020 Chinese census whom 1,134,058 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made up of Yueyanglou District and Yunxi District, Junshan District not being conurbated. Yueyang is the only international trade port city in Hunan and a famous port city in China, at the same time, Yueyang's comprehensive economic strength ranks of Hunan second only to Changsha, the provincial capital.

The city's most famous attractions are the Yueyang Tower and Dongting Lake. The most famous food is Dongting lake silver fish (洞庭银鱼).

In 2021, the city's permanent resident population was 5,051,922, a decrease of 424,162 from the end of last year.