hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bastion fort
A bastion fort or trace italienne (a phrase derived from non-standard French, meaning 'Italian outline') is a fortification in a style developed during the early modern period in response to the ascendancy of gunpowder weapons such as cannon, which rendered earlier medieval approaches to fortification obsolete. It appeared in the mid-fifteenth century in Italy. Some types, especially when combined with ravelins and other outworks, resembled the related star fort of the same era.

The design of the fort is normally a polygon with bastions at the corners of the walls. These outcroppings eliminated protected blind spots, called "dead zones", and allowed fire along the curtain wall from positions protected from direct fire. Many bastion forts also feature cavaliers, which are raised secondary structures based entirely inside the primary structure.

Menno van Coehoorn
Menno, Baron van Coehoorn, March 1641 to 17 March 1704, was a Dutch States Army officer and engineer, regarded as one of the most significant figures in Dutch military history. In an era when siege warfare dominated military campaigns, he and his French counterpart Vauban were the acknowledged experts in designing, taking and defending fortifications.

Both had their advocates; Vauban's maxim of 'more powder, less blood' also took longer, an important consideration when most military deaths occurred from disease. He is also viewed as more innovative in the design and extent of his fortifications, which included ports, waterways, roads and even town layouts.

However, unlike Vauban, Van Coehoorn had limited financial resources. He showed great skill in maximising these, while adapting to the specific challenges posed by the flat terrain in the Netherlands. Some of his water defences and designs were still being used in the 1950s.
Woodstock Stakes
The Woodstock Stakes is a historic Canadian Thoroughbred horse race run annually at Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Ontario since 1885. Held in mid April, the sprint race is open to three-year-old horses and is contested over a distance of 5+1⁄2 furlongs on Polytrack synthetic dirt. It currently offers a purse of $97,488.

Inaugurated in 1885 at the now defunct Old Woodbine Race Course in Toronto, over the years the Woodstock Stakes has been contested at a variety of distances:

1+1⁄8 miles : 1885–1917 at Old Woodbine Race Course

1+1⁄16 miles : 1920–1932 at Old Woodbine Race Course

1 mile 70 yards : 1939–1941 at Old Woodbine Race Course

7 furlongs : 1976 at Greenwood Raceway

6+1⁄2 furlongs : 1967–1975 and 1977–1993 at Fort Erie Racetrack, 1994–1997 at Greenwood Raceway

6 furlongs : 1948–1955 at Old Woodbine Race Course, 1956–1966 and 1998–present at Woodbine Racetrack

Fort Erie Race Track
Fort Erie Race Track is a horse racing facility in Fort Erie, Ontario, Canada, that opened on June 16, 1897. The racetrack is often referred to as "the border oval" because of the track's proximity (barely a mile) to the U.S. border. Its most important race is the Prince of Wales Stakes, the second leg of the Canadian Triple Crown.
Mughal campaign of Kachar
The Mughal campaign of Kachar (1612–1614) involved Mughal attempts to subdue the Kachari kingdom known as Dimasa Kingdom in southern Assam. In 1612, under Bengal Subahdar Islam Khan, forces led by Shaikh Kamal and Mubariz Khan invaded. Raja Satrudaman fortified his borders with forts at Pratapgarh and Asuratekar, defending his hill capital Maibang with guerrilla tactics. Mughals captured both forts after sieges and raids, prompting Satrudaman to sue for peace and agree to tribute; a thana was set up at Asuratekar. In 1613, amid Bengal instability, Satrudaman rebelled. Mubariz Khan and Mirak Bahadur re-invaded from Sylhet, recapturing Pratapgarh and besieging Asuratekar. Facing losses, the raja negotiated peace. But Mubariz Khan's sudden death led to Mughal withdrawal from Asuratekar; the Kacharis regained independence, marking a failed Mughal frontier expansion due to internal issues.

Mubariz Khan
Mubariz Khan was the Mughal governor of Gujarat and Hyderabad Subah. He was the governor of Golconda from 1713 to 1724 until he was killed during the Battle of Shakar Kheda where he fought against Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I. His is known to have ruled Golconda with a free hand and brought it under stable rule from constant Maratha Raids to extract Chauth. He is generally described as a proto-dynastic figure by John F. Richards.
Gangeyadeva
Gangeyadeva (IAST: Gaṅgeyadeva; died 22 January 1041) was a ruler of the Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri in central India. His kingdom was centered around the Chedi or Dahala region in present-day Madhya Pradesh.

During the early part of his reign, Gangeyadeva seems to have ruled as a vassal, possibly that of the Paramara king Bhoja. He fought against the Chalukyas of Kalyani in an alliance with Bhoja, but was forced to retreat after some initial successes. In the 1030s, he raided several neighbouring kingdoms and established himself as a sovereign ruler. He appears to have annexed Varanasi to Kalachuri dominions.

Mahoba
Mahoba is a city in Mahoba District of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh in the Bundelkhand region, well known for the ninth century granite Sun temple built in Pratihara style. It is also well known for the 24 rock-cut Jain tirthankara image on Gokhar hill. Mahoba is known for being the capital of Chandela dynasty and its closeness to Khajuraho, Lavkushnagar and other historic places like Kulpahar, Charkhari, Kalinjar, Orchha, and Jhansi. The town is connected with railways and state highways.
Belgian euro coins
Belgian euro coins feature only a single design for all eight coins: the portrait or effigy of the King of the Belgians. Previously, all Belgian euros depicted King Albert II and his royal monogram. Current coins depict King Philippe. Also part of the design by Jan Alfons Keustermans are the 12 stars of the EU and the year of imprint.

In 2017, the Royal Mint of Belgium ceased to strike coins. Since 2018, the Royal Dutch Mint has minted all Belgian euro coins.

Royal Dutch Mint
The Royal Dutch Mint (Koninklijke Nederlandse Munt, abbreviated KNM) is a company founded in 1567 that is responsible for producing, among others, euro coins for the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is currently located in Houten, Netherlands, where it moved to in 2020. It was established and previously owned by the Dutch State, but is now owned by HM Precious Metals.
Sangma
Sangma is an Indian surname. People with this surname include:

P. A. Sangma: Indian politician, Speaker of Lok Sabha and Chief Minister of Meghalaya

Admiral K. Sangma: Indian politician

Agatha Sangma: Indian politician, daughter of P. A.

Conrad Sangma: Indian politician, son of P. A.

James Sangma: Indian politician

Mukul Sangma: Indian politician, Chief Minister of Meghalaya

Williamson A. Sangma: Indian politician, Chief Minister of Meghalaya

Williamson A. Sangma
Williamson Ampang Sangma (18 October 1919 – 25 October 1990) was a Garo leader from India and the first Chief Minister of Meghalaya. He was also the Governor of Mizoram from July 1989 to February 1990.

Williamson was a statesman, tribal leader, and a pioneer in leading the struggle for the creation of Meghalaya state.
Ashtavakra (epic)
Aṣṭāvakra (2010) is a Hindi epic poem (Mahakavya) composed by Jagadguru Rambhadracharya (1950–) in the year 2009. It consists of 864 verses in 8 cantos (sargas) of 108 verses each. The poem presents the narrative of the Ṛṣi Aṣṭāvakra which is found in the Hindu scriptures of the Rāmāyaṇa and the Mahābhārata. A copy of the epic was published by the Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University, Chitrakuta, Uttar Pradesh. The book was released on 14 January 2010, on the sixtieth birthday (Ṣaṣṭipūrti) of the poet.

The protagonist of the epic, Aṣṭāvakra, is physically disabled with eight deformities in his body. The epic presents his journey from adversity to success to final redemption. According to the poet, who is also disabled having lost his eyesight at the age of two months, the notions of aphoristic solutions for universal difficulties of the disabled are presented the epic, and the eight cantos are the analyses of the eight dispositions in the mind of the disabled.

Mahakavya
Mahākāvya (lit. great kāvya, court epic), also known as sargabandha, is a genre of Indian epic poetry in Classical Sanskrit. The genre is characterised by ornate and elaborate descriptions of phenomena such as scenery, love, and battles. Typical examples of mahākāvya are the Kumarasambhava and the Kiratarjuniya.

The genre evolved from earlier epics, the Mahabharata and the Ramayana. Despite the length of mahākāvyas (15-30 cantos, a total of about 1500-3000 verses), they are still much shorter than the Ramayana (500 cantos, 24000 verses) and the Mahabharata (about 100000 verses).
Carnon Downs
Carnon Downs (Cornish: Goon Karnen) is a village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is about three miles southwest of Truro on the A39 Truro to Falmouth road.

Carnon Downs is in the civil parish of Feock (the population at the 2011 census included here), and consists mostly of bungalows, and detached housing built in the latter half of the 20th century.

Truro
Truro (/ˈtrʊəroʊ/ ⓘ; Cornish: Truru) is a cathedral city and civil parish in Cornwall, England. It is the southernmost city in the United Kingdom, and lies 232 miles (373 km) west-south-west of London. It is Cornwall's county town, only city, and a centre for administration, leisure and shopping. At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 21,046 and the population of the built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics (which included the Gloweth and Treliske areas in the neighbouring parish of Kenwyn) was 23,060.

Truro grew as a trade centre through its port and as a stannary town for tin mining. It was awarded city status in 1877 following the creation of the Diocese of Truro the previous year. Truro Cathedral was built between 1880 and 1910. Truro is home to Cornwall Council, the Royal Cornwall Museum, the Hall for Cornwall and Cornwall's Courts of Justice. People from Truro are called Truronians.
Zona Rosa (Kansas City, Missouri)
Zona Rosa is an approximately 1,000,000 square feet (93,000 m2), mixed-use lifestyle center located in Kansas City, Platte County, Missouri. The project opened in 2004 and was expanded by an additional 500,000 square feet (46,000 m2) starting in 2008, including the addition of Dillard's, which moved from Metro North Mall. Zona Rosa was developed by Steiner+Associates, known for the Easton Town Center development in Columbus, Ohio. It is currently anchored by Old Navy, Barnes & Noble and Dillard's.

Zona Rosa is currently managed by Trademark Property based in Fort Worth, TX.

Platte County, Missouri
Platte County is a county located in the northwestern portion of the U.S. state of Missouri and is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 106,718. Its county seat is Platte City. The county was organized December 31, 1838, from the Platte Purchase, named for the Platte River. (Platte is derived from the French word for a low, shallow, or intermittent stream.) The Kansas City International Airport is located in the county, approximately one mile west of Interstate 29 between mile markers 12 and 15. The land for the airport was originally in an unincorporated portion of Platte County before being annexed by Platte City, and eventually Kansas City.
The Michael Nyman Songbook
The Michael Nyman Songbook is a collection of art songs by Michael Nyman based on texts by Paul Celan, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, William Shakespeare and Arthur Rimbaud. It was recorded as an album with Ute Lemper in 1991, and again as a concert film in 1992, under the direction of Volker Schlöndorff, again with Ute Lemper, though many of the musicians had changed. The songs have been recorded by others and as instrumentals, and are published by Chester Music. The album has been issued by both London Records and Argo Records, though the covers are the same except for the logo.

London Recordings
London Recordings (or London Records and London Music Stream) is a British record label that marketed records in the United States, Canada, and Latin America for Decca Records from 1947 to 1980 before becoming semi-independent.  The London name – as London American Recordings, often shortened to London American – was also used by British Decca in the UK market, for releases taken from American labels, which British Decca licensed.

The label is owned by Because Music, which also owns most of the label's 1980s and 1990s UK catalogue.
1887 Dulwich by-election
The 1887 Dulwich by-election was a by-election held on 30 November 1887 for the British House of Commons constituency of Dulwich in South London.

The by-election was triggered by the appointment of the serving Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP), John Morgan Howard, as a judge in Cornwall.

The Conservative candidate was John Blundell Maple, who had unsuccessfully contested St Pancras South at the 1885 general election.  The Liberal candidate was James Henderson.

The main issue in the by-election was the question of Irish Home Rule, which Henderson, a supporter of Gladstone, supported. The Liberal Unionists in the constituency supported Maple.

St Pancras South
St. Pancras South was a borough constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first-past-the-post system of election. It was created by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 for the 1885 general election and abolished for the 1918 general election.
Toheeb Jimoh
Toheeb Gbolabo O. Jimoh is an English actor. He earned a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for his performance as Sam Obisanya in the Apple TV+ series Ted Lasso (2020–2023). He is also known for his roles in the BBC One biographical film Anthony (2020) and the Amazon Prime series The Power (2023).

Amazon Prime
Amazon Prime (styled as prime) is a paid subscription service of Amazon which is available in many countries and gives users access to additional services otherwise unavailable or available at a premium to other Amazon customers. Founded on February 2, 2005, services include logistics through same, one- or two-day delivery of goods, healthcare through the optional perk of One Medical primary care services, entertainment through streaming music, video, e-books, gaming, and grocery shopping services. In April 2021, Amazon reported that Prime had 200 million subscribers worldwide.
Harold Pinter Theatre
The Harold Pinter Theatre, known as the Comedy Theatre until 2011, is a West End theatre, and opened on Panton Street in the City of Westminster, on 15 October 1881, as the Royal Comedy Theatre. It was designed by Thomas Verity and built in just six months in painted (stucco) stone and brick. By 1884 it was known as simply the Comedy Theatre. In the mid-1950s the theatre underwent major reconstruction and re-opened in December 1955; the auditorium remains essentially that of 1881, with three tiers of horseshoe-shaped balconies.

Stephen Campbell Moore
Stephen Campbell Moore (born Stephen Moore Thorpe) (born November 30, 1979) is a British actor who is best known for his roles in Alan Bennett's play The History Boys and the film based on it. He has starred in the sci-fi television series War of the Worlds (2019–2021).
The Rough Guide to the Music of the Andes
The Rough Guide to the Music of the Andes is a world music compilation album originally released in 1996. Part of the World Music Network Rough Guides series, the album features the music of the Andes Mountains of South America, focusing especially on the music of Bolivia, whose musicians contributed eleven tracks. Also featured are Peru (three tracks) and Chile (two tracks). The compilation was produced by Phil Stanton, co-founder of the World Music Network.

Rough Guides
Rough Guides is a travel company that offers tailor-made trips planned and arranged by local travel experts based in destinations around the world. Originally established as a guidebook publisher in 1982, Rough Guides expanded into customized travel services in 2018.
Vladik Kreinovich
Vladik Kreinovich is a professor of computer science at the University of Texas at El Paso.

He was educated at Leningrad State University and received a doctorate in mathematics from the Sobolev Institute of Mathematics, affiliated with Novosibirsk State University in Novosibirsk.

His research spans several areas of computer science, computational statistics and computational mathematics generally, including interval arithmetic, fuzzy mathematics, probability theory, and probability bounds analysis.  His research addresses computability issues, algorithm development, verification, and validated numerics for applications in uncertainty processing, data processing, intelligent control, geophysics and other engineering fields. In 2015, the Society For Design and Process Science gave him its Zadeh Award.

Data processing
Data processing is the collection and manipulation of digital data to produce meaningful information. Data processing is a form of information processing, which is the modification (processing) of information in any manner detectable by an observer.
Greek Basketball Championship career statistical leaders
Greek Basketball Championship career statistical leaders are the all-time stats leaders of the top-tier level Greek Basketball Championship, since the league first formed its A National Category, starting with the 1963–64 season. The all-time stats leaders are divided into separate categories, based on total stats counted since the A National Category of the league was first formed, beginning with the 1963–64 season, total stats counted since the A1 National Category was first formed, beginning with the 1986–87 season, and total stats counted since the 1992–93 season, when the league first became recognized by FIBA as a fully and entirely 100% professional league of basketball.

Only the stats since the 1992–93 season, when the league first became fully professional, are officially counted and recognized. All-time career stats leaders for the Greek Basketball League's history are only officially counted since the 1992–93 season (the professional era of the competition).

2023–24 Greek Basket League
The 2023–24 Basket League was the 12th season of the Basket League, the top professional basketball league in Greece, since its establishment in 2012, and the 84th season of top-flight Greek basketball overall.

The season began on 7 October 2023, and concluded on 14 June 2024 with Panathinaikos being crowned champions for the 41st time in their history, after defeating eternal rivals Olympiacos 3–2 in the Finals series.
Ángela Becerra
Ángela Becerra Acevedo (July 17, 1957) is a Colombian writer. She has won several awards such as the Premio Fernando Lara de Novela in 2019 (Fernando Lara Novel Award), the Planeta-Casa de América Award (Premio Planeta - Casa de América) in 2009, the Azorín Prize (Premio Azorín) in 2005 and four Chicago Latin Literary Awards, as well as the Premio Iberoamericano Planeta-Casa de América de Narrativa. Her works have been translated into 23 languages and published in more than 50 countries. She is one of the most widely read Spanish-speaking authors, the most read Colombian writer after Gabriel García Márquez, and considered the creator of the Magical Idealism.

Premio Azorín
The Premio Azorín de Novela (Azorín Prize for Best Novel) is one of the most important literary awards for works written in the Spanish language. It was originally created by Spain's Ministry of Information and Tourism in 1970. The modern form of the award was created in 1994, by the Spanish provincial government (diputación) of Alicante together with the publishing house Editorial Planeta.

The prize honors one of the finest Spanish writers of the "Generation of 98", José Augusto Trinidad Martínez Ruiz (1873–1967), who used to sign his works with the pseudonym Azorín.

The prize is given annually to a non-published and original novel, whose author receives €68,000 (some 93,000 US dollars). As part of the prize, Planeta publishes the awarded novel.
USS Mullinnix
USS Mullinnix (DD-944) was a Forrest Sherman-class destroyer of the United States Navy. She was named for Admiral Henry M. Mullinnix USN (1892–1943), who was killed in action during World War II, when the aircraft carrier USS Liscome Bay was torpedoed by the Japanese submarine I-175 and sank southwest of Butaritari Island on 24 November 1943.

Mullinnix was built by the Bethlehem Steel Corporation's Fore River Shipyard in Quincy, Massachusetts, and launched by Mrs. Kathryn F. Mullinnix.

Mullinnix conducted patrol duty in the Caribbean during the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, participated in the Gemini program recovery operations in March 1966, and served as plane guard for aircraft carriers on Yankee Station in the Tonkin Gulf, participated in Sea Dragon operations, patrolled on search and rescue duties, and carried out naval gunfire support missions during the Vietnam War.

Mullinix and her sister ship Edson appeared in The Twilight Zone episode "The Thirty-Fathom Grave."

Yankee Station
17°30′00″N 108°30′00″E﻿ / ﻿17.50000°N 108.50000°E﻿ / 17.50000; 108.50000

Yankee Station (officially Point Yankee) was a fixed coordinate off the coast of Vietnam where U.S. Navy aircraft carriers and support ships operated in open waters over a nine-year period during the Vietnam War.  The location was used primarily by aircraft carriers of Task Force 77 to launch strikes over North Vietnam. While the coordinate's official designation was "Point Yankee", it was universally referred to as Yankee Station. Carriers conducting air operations at Yankee Station were said to be "on the line" (in combat) and statistical summaries were based on days on the line. Yankee Station was initially located at 16° 00′ N, 110° 00′ E, however with a massive increase in operations over North Vietnam in 1966 the station was moved about 145 miles (230 km) northwest to 17° 30′ N, 108° 30′ E, placing it about 90 miles (145 km) from the North Vietnamese shore.
Anaerobiospirillum
Anaerobiospirillum is a genus of Gram-negative, spiral-shaped, obligately anaerobic bacteria in the family Succinivibrionaceae. The genus was first described in 1976 based on the type species Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens which was isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of humans. A second species, Anaerobiospirillum thomasii, was later described in 1997 based on isolates from the feces of domestic animals and humans with diarrhea.

Obligate anaerobe
Obligate anaerobes are microorganisms killed by normal atmospheric concentrations of oxygen (20.95% O2). Oxygen tolerance varies between species, with some species capable of surviving in up to 8% oxygen, while others lose viability in environments with an oxygen concentration greater than 0.5%.

Obligate anaerobes, which die when normal amounts of oxygen are present, are contrasted with obligate aerobes, which die without oxygen. Bacteria that fall in between these two extremes may be classified as either facultative anaerobes, which can use oxygen but also survive without it, or microaerophiles, which need lower levels of oxygen. Aerotolerant organisms are indifferent to the presence or absence of oxygen.