hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kaplan IT Training
Kaplan IT Training, formerly Transcender, provides IT (information technology) certification practice exams, practice labs, and online learning courses. Kaplan IT Training offers test preparation solutions that are used by IT professionals to improve their technical skills and prepare for industry certification exams. Kaplan IT Training helps improve and prepare the skills of professionals in the following companies:

Microsoft

Cisco

CompTIA

Oracle

ITIL

(ISC)2

PMI (Project Management Institute)

EC-Council

Adobe

Axelos

GIAC

ISACA

Logical Operations

LPI

VMware

Juniper Networks

Amazon Web Services

Kaplan IT Trainings's products are used by certified training and education centers, college and university students, and IT staff members at many large corporations.

VMware
VMware LLC is an American cloud computing and virtualization technology company headquartered in Palo Alto, California, U.S. On November 22, 2023, Broadcom acquired VMware in a cash-and-stock transaction valued at $69 billion, with the End-User Computing  division of VMware then sold to KKR and rebranded to Omnissa. VMware was the first commercially successful company to virtualize the x86 architecture.

VMware's desktop software runs on Microsoft Windows, Linux, and macOS. VMware ESXi, its enterprise software hypervisor, is an operating system that runs on server hardware.
Antarctic neosquid
The Antarctic neosquid (Alluroteuthis antarcticus) is the only neosquid in the genus Alluroteuthis. The tentacles are relatively short compared to the arms.

Nils Hjalmar Odhner, discoverer of the species, suggested that Parateuthis tunicata, discovered by Johannes Thiele in 1920, might be a young Antarctic neosquid. The validity of this suggestion is still in question. The name is derived from its habitat in the Antarctic Ocean.

Nils Hjalmar Odhner
Nils Hjalmar Odhner (6 December 1884 – 12 June 1973) was a Swedish zoologist who studied mollusks, a malacologist. He was professor of invertebrate zoology at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, and a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

He was the father of ambassador Bengt Odhner (1918–1990).
Tune-Yards
Tune-Yards (stylized as tUnE-yArDs) is the Oakland, California–based music project of Merrill Garbus (vocals, various instruments) and Nate Brenner (bass, various instruments). Garbus's music draws from an eclectic variety of sources and uses elements such as loop pedals, ukulele, vocals, and lo-fi percussion. Tune-Yards’ 2011 album Whokill was ranked the number one album of that year in The Village Voice's annual Pazz and Jop critics’ poll.

The album Nikki Nack was released in 2014, with its first single, "Water Fountain", being picked up by Google Pixel in 2016 for an advertising campaign. The album I Can Feel You Creep Into My Private Life was released in January 2018. At the same time, Tune-Yards provided an atmospheric score for the sci-fi film Sorry to Bother You. The duo released their fifth studio album, Sketchy, in 2021 and their sixth studio album, Better Dreaming, in 2025.

Live looping
Live looping is the recording and playback of a piece of music in real-time using either dedicated hardware devices, called loopers or phrase samplers, or software running on a computer with an audio interface. Musicians can loop with either looping software or loop pedals, which are sold for tabletop and floor-based use.
Lichfield rail crash
The Lichfield rail crash was a rail crash which occurred on New Year's Day 1946 at Lichfield Trent Valley station in Staffordshire, England. 20 people were killed in the accident, caused when a points failure routed a goods train into the back of a stationary passenger train waiting at the station.

Lichfield Trent Valley railway station
Lichfield Trent Valley is one of two railway stations that serve the city of Lichfield in Staffordshire, England; the other being Lichfield City in the city centre. It is a split-level station: low level platforms serve the Trent Valley section of the West Coast Main Line, with a single high level platform being the northern terminus of the Cross-City Line.
1980 United States Senate election in Alabama
The 1980 United States Senate election in Alabama took place on November 4, 1980, alongside other elections to the United States Senate in other states as well as elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Donald Stewart, elected in a special election to finish the term of the seat left vacant by the death of Senator James B. Allen, decided to run for a full term, but was defeated in the primary by Jim Folsom, who lost the general election to Republican Jeremiah Denton.

Denton was the first Republican elected to the Senate from Alabama since the end of Reconstruction in 1879 and the first Republican elected since the passage of the 17th Amendment requiring the direct election of senators. He would lose reelection in 1986 to Democratic nominee Richard Shelby, who later joined the Republican Party in 1994.

Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Seventeenth Amendment (Amendment XVII) to the United States Constitution established the direct election of United States senators in each state. The amendment supersedes Article I, Section 3, Clauses 1 and 2 of the Constitution, under which senators were appointed by state legislatures. It also alters the procedure for filling vacancies in the Senate, allowing for state legislatures to permit their governors to make temporary appointments until a special election can be held.

The amendment was proposed by the 62nd Congress in 1912 and became part of the Constitution upon ratification by three-quarters (36) of the state legislatures: on April 8, 1913. Sitting senators were not affected until their existing terms expired. The transition began with two special elections in Georgia and in Maryland, then in earnest with the November 1914 election; it was complete on March 4, 1919, when the senators chosen by the November 1918 election took office.
Alaap
Alaap (lit. Prelude) is a 1977 Indian musical drama film directed by Hrishikesh Mukherjee and produced by N. C. Sippy and Mukherjee. It stars Amitabh Bachchan, Rekha, Chhaya Devi, Asrani, Farida Jalal, Om Prakash, Lily Chakravarty in the lead and Sanjeev Kumar in a small role.

Upon release, Alaap failed to do well commercially owing to its depressing theme and Bachchan's "Angry Young Man" image at that time, but attained cult status in later years and is regarded as one of Mukherjee's most underrated works. At the 25th Filmfare Awards, Jaidev was nominated for Best Music Direction.

The film is available for digital streaming on Amazon Prime Video and SonyLIV.

Filmfare Award for Best Music Director
The Filmfare Award for Best Music Director is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films, to the best composer/arranger of a soundtrack. Filmfare award is the most prestigious award in India for Music Directors apart from the National Award. This category was first presented in 1954. Naushad Ali was the first recipient of this award for his song "Tu Ganga Ki Mauj" from the film Baiju Bawra. For the first two years, it was awarded to the composer for a particular song and not the entire album. From 1956 onwards, awards in this category have been given for the entire soundtrack. From 2017, the name of this was category changed from best music direction to music album.
Moshe Novomeysky
Moshe Novomeysky (Hebrew: משה נובומייסקי, Russian: Моисей Абрамович Новомейский; 25 November 1873 – 27 March 1961) was an Israeli businessman and mining engineer. He was an early developer of the Palestine Potash Company, precursor to the Dead Sea Works.

Pan evaporation
Pan evaporation is a measurement that combines or integrates the effects of several climate elements: temperature, humidity, rain fall, drought dispersion, solar radiation, and wind. Evaporation is greatest on hot, windy, dry, sunny days; and is greatly reduced when clouds block the sun and when air is cool, calm, and humid.  Pan evaporation measurements enable farmers and ranchers to understand how much water their crops will need.
Amber Kani
Amber Kani (born 17 January 1991) is a New Zealand rugby league footballer who played for the New Zealand Warriors in the NRL Women's Premiership.

A centre or wing, she has represented New Zealand and the Māori All Stars.

New Zealand Māori rugby league team
The New Zealand Māori rugby league team is a rugby league representative side made up of New Zealand Māori players.

With some controversy, the team participated in the 2000 World Cup as Aotearoa Māori. The Super League International Board had agreed to give a place in their World Cup to the New Zealand Māori team as they attempted to gain allies during the Super League war. Despite that World Cup not taking place, the Rugby League International Federation repeated the offer for the 2000 World Cup when it replaced the Super League International Board following the end of the dispute.
Man Power
Man Power is a lost 1927 American comedy silent film directed by Clarence G. Badger and written by Ray Harris, Louise Long, George Marion Jr., Sam Mintz and Byron Morgan. The film stars Richard Dix and features Mary Brian, Philip Strange, Charles Hill Mailes, Oscar Smith and George Irving. The film was released on July 9, 1927, by Paramount Pictures.

Clarence Badger
Clarence G. Badger (June 9, 1880 – June 17, 1964) was an American film director of  feature films in the 1910s, 1920s and 1930s. His films include It and Red Hair, more than a dozen features and shorts starring Will Rogers, and two features starring Raymond Griffith, Paths to Paradise and Hands Up!

He moved to Australia to direct Rangle River (1936) and decided to retire there, only making one more feature, That Certain Something (1941).
Duriron Company
The Duriron Company is an industrial component manufacturer of such products as automatic control valves, valves and actuators, pumps, sealing systems, filtration equipment, pipes and fittings. The company was incorporated in 1912 as the Duriron Casting Company in Dayton, Ohio by John R. Pitman, William E. Hall, and Pierce D. Schenck.

Control valve
A control valve is a valve used to control fluid flow by varying the size of the flow passage as directed by a signal from a controller. This enables the direct control of flow rate and the consequential control of process quantities such as pressure, temperature, and liquid level.

In automatic control terminology, a control valve is termed a "final control element".
1882 Ennis by-election
The 1882 Ennis by-election took place on 14 November 1882.  The by-election, to the UK House of Commons constituency of Ennis, arose due to the resignation of the incumbent MP, James Lysaght Finegan, a supporter of the Home Rule League.

Twenty-one year old Matthew Joseph Kenny, a barrister, was nominated as candidate of the Home Rule League. Robert Carey Reeves, Deputy Lieutenant and a local landlord, was nominated as the Liberal-Conservative candidate. With just 263 registered voters, the turnout was small. Kenny received 136 votes, as against 95 for Carey Reeves, a Home Rule majority of 41.

In the General Election of 1885, Reeves contested the West Clare seat, but failed to be elected.

James Lysaght Finegan
James Lysaght Finegan or Finigan (1844–8 September 1900) was an Irish barrister, soldier, merchant and politician. 
He was educated by the Congregation of Christian Brothers and described as an "Anti-clericalist", and with his family engaged in the tea trade, while supporting the Nationalist cause. In 1867 a nationalist called Michael Breslin was forced to leave Ireland, and only avoided arrest thanks to documents given to him by Finegan certifying him as a tea trader.

Finegan later served in the French Foreign Legion during the Franco-Prussian War, leaving in 1871 at the conclusion of the war. In the 1879 by-election in Ennis  he was proposed as an alternative candidate to that of the Home Rule League by Charles Stewart Parnell; he won by only six votes, out of 247 electors. His service in parliament was brief; he resigned in 1882.
Nizhny Chiamakhi
Nizhny Chiamakhi (Russian: Нижний Чиамахи; Dargwa: УбяхI ЧIигIямахьи) is a rural locality (a selo) in Kassagumakhinsky Selsoviet, Akushinsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 30 as of 2010.

Akushinsky District
Akushinsky District (Russian: Акушинский райо́н; Dargwa: Ахъушала къатI) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the southern central part of the republic. The area of the district is 622.8 square kilometers (240.5 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Akusha. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 52,558, with the population of Akusha accounting for 8.8% of that number.
Şebnem Korur Fincancı
Şebnem Korur Fincancı (born 1959) is a Turkish medic, former professor, and former president of the Turkish Medical Association (TBB).  She is a member of the Turkish Human Rights Association (TİHV). In Turkish popular culture she is being called to be the "Turkish female villain".

Academics for Peace
The Academics for Peace (Turkish: Barış İçin Akademisyenler, BAK) refers to an association of academics who support a peaceful solution to the Kurdish Turkish conflict. They were established in November 2012 and their first public appearance was in support of hunger strikers in Turkish prisons.
T. N. Prakash
T. N. Prakash (10 October 1955 – 24 March 2024) was an Indian Malayalam-language writer from Kannur, Kerala. He published over 40 works. Besides short stories and novels, he also authored plays, radio dramas, children's literature, autobiographies, and travelogues. His short story collection Thaapam received the prestigious Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Story in 2005. He also received Senior Fellowship from the Central Ministry of Culture and was a member of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi and the Advisory Committee of the Sahitya Akademi.

Prakash was a mathematics teacher and worked at the Pallikkunnu Government Higher Secondary School until 2006, from which he worked as the Assistant Education Officer (Kannur South) and retired as the District Education Officer (Tellicherry) in 2011. He died at his residence in Valiyannur in Kannur district, on 24 March 2024, at the age of 68. He was undergoing medical treatment after suffering a stroke in 2015.

Ministry of Culture (India)
The Ministry of Culture is the Indian government ministry charged with preservation and promotion of art and culture of India.

Gajendra Singh Shekhawat is the current Minister of Culture. Recently the government has established the National Mission on Libraries India under this ministry.
Florian Quintilla
Florian Quintilla (born 20 Augusta 1988) is a French former professional rugby league footballer. He played for Catalans Dragons in the Super League and for Toulouse Olympique in the Co-operative Championship. He is now playing for Lézignan Sangliers in the Elite One Championship.

He primarily plays in the second-row.

Quintilla named in the France training squad for the 2008 Rugby League World Cup. He was not selected to play.

FC Lézignan XIII
Football Club de Lézignan (often referred to as the Lézignan Sangliers) are a semi-professional rugby league football club based in Lézignan-Corbières in the department of Aude in the south of France. They play in the Super XIII. They have won seven French Championship titles and six Lord Derby Cups.

The club was founded in 1903. In 1939 the club switched codes and began playing rugby league, which had gained success with the formation of the French championship in 1934. In the 2007-08 season the club, led by their French international player-coach James Wynne, won the French Championship for the first time in 30 years and reached the fourth round of the Challenge Cup. They currently play in the Super XIII at the Stade du Moulin and are coached by Cédric Lacans and Cyril Stacul
Richard Taylor (skater)
Richard Taylor (6 July 1981 – 8 August 2004) was a Welsh inline skating and freestyle skiing champion.

Taylor, from Barry, Vale of Glamorgan, learned to skate because he wanted to become a stuntman. He turned professional at the age of 15 after winning the World Amateur International Inline Skate Series (IISS) and qualifying 6th in the Professional Competition in Amsterdam 1996.
He went on to win the UK National In-Line skating championship twice. Taylor had a large fanbase, especially in Europe. He also competed in the British Freestyle Skiing and Snowboarding Championships in Les Deux Alpes in March 2004, winning the Big Air ski title and was about to join the Line Skis Professional Team that winter season.

Vale of Glamorgan
The Vale of Glamorgan (Welsh: Bro Morgannwg [ˈbroː mɔrˈɡanʊɡ]), locally referred to as The Vale, is a county borough in the south-east of Wales. It borders Bridgend County Borough to the west, Cardiff to the east, Rhondda Cynon Taf to the north, and the Bristol Channel to the south. With an economy based largely on agriculture and chemicals, it is the southernmost unitary authority in Wales. Attractions include Barry Island Pleasure Park, the Barry Tourist Railway, Medieval wall paintings in St Cadoc's Church, Llancarfan, Porthkerry Park, St Donat's Castle, Cosmeston Lakes Country Park and Cosmeston Medieval Village. The largest town is Barry. Other towns include Penarth, Llantwit Major, and Cowbridge. There are many villages in the county borough.
Weightlifting at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics – Boys' 69 kg
The boys' 69 kg weightlifting event was the second men's event at the weightlifting competition at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics, with competitors limited to a maximum of 69 kilograms of body mass.

Each lifter performed in both the snatch and clean and jerk lifts, with the final score being the sum of the lifter's best result in each. The athlete received three attempts in each of the two lifts; the score for the lift was the heaviest weight successfully lifted.

Snatch (weightlifting)
The snatch is the first of two lifts contested in the sport of weightlifting (also known as Olympic weightlifting) followed by the clean and jerk. The objective of the snatch is to lift the barbell from the ground to overhead in one continuous motion. There are four main styles of snatch used: snatch (full snatch or squat snatch), split snatch, power snatch, and muscle snatch.  The full lift is the most common style used in competition, while power snatches and muscle snatches are mostly used for training purposes, and split snatches are now rarely used. Any of these lifts can be performed from the floor, from the hang position, or from blocks. In competition, only lifts from the floor are allowed.
Serine C-palmitoyltransferase
In enzymology, a serine C-palmitoyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.50) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:

palmitoyl-CoA + L-serine  CoA + 3-dehydro-D-sphinganine + CO2

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are palmitoyl-CoA and L-serine, whereas its 3 products are CoA, 3-dehydro-D-sphinganine, and CO2.  This reaction is a key step in the biosynthesis of sphingosine which is a precursor of many other sphingolipids.

This enzyme participates in sphingolipid metabolism.  It employs one cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate.

Sphingosine
Sphingosine (2-amino-4-trans-octadecene-1,3-diol) is an 18-carbon amino alcohol with an unsaturated hydrocarbon chain, which forms a primary part of sphingolipids, a class of cell membrane lipids that include sphingomyelin, an important phospholipid.
Adobe Bridge
Adobe Bridge is a free digital asset management app made by Adobe Inc. and first released with Adobe Creative Suite 2. It is a mandatory component of Adobe Creative Suite, Adobe eLearning Suite, Adobe Technical Communication Suite and Adobe Photoshop CS2 through CS6. Starting with Creative Cloud, however, it has become an optional component downloaded via Creative Cloud subscription.

Adobe Technical Communication Suite
Adobe Technical Communication Suite is a collection of applications made by Adobe for technical communicators, help authors, instructional designers, and eLearning and training design professionals. It includes Adobe FrameMaker, Adobe RoboHelp, Adobe Acrobat, Adobe Captivate, and Adobe Presenter.

The suite allows users to author, manage, and publish interactive instructional information from technical documents and books to online help systems, knowledge bases, interactive training, and eLearning contents.
Voodoo Child (Slight Return)
"Voodoo Child (Slight Return)" is a song written by Jimi Hendrix and recorded by the Jimi Hendrix Experience in 1968 that appears as the final track on the group's third studio album, Electric Ladyland, released that year. It contains improvised guitar and a vocal from Hendrix, backed by Noel Redding on bass and Mitch Mitchell on drums. The song is one of Hendrix's best known; it was a feature of his concert performances throughout his career, and several live renditions were recorded and released on later albums.

After his death in 1970, Track Records released the song as a single in the United Kingdom using the title "Voodoo Chile" (see confusion over title). It became Hendrix's only number one single on the UK Singles Chart, reaching the top position during the week of November 15, 1970.  Several artists have performed or recorded versions of the song. Rolling Stone magazine included it at number 101 on their original 2004 list of the "500 Greatest Songs of All Time".

Mitch Mitchell
John Graham "Mitch" Mitchell (9 July 1946 – 12 November 2008) was an English rock and jazz drummer, best known for his contributions in the Jimi Hendrix Experience, for which he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992. He was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 2009. In 2016, Mitchell was ranked number 8 in Rolling Stone magazine's list of the "100 Greatest Drummers of All Time".
The Applicability of Mathematics in Science: Indispensability and Ontology
The Applicability of Mathematics in Science: Indispensability and Ontology is a 2012 book on the philosophy of mathematics by Sorin Bangu. It argues for an improved form of indispensability argument based on a Quinean-inspired naturalism and confirmational holism, as well as a position he calls "posit realism". It also explores the applications of mathematics in scientific discovery and explanation.

Philosophy of mathematics
Philosophy of mathematics is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of mathematics and its relationship to other areas of philosophy, particularly epistemology and metaphysics. Central questions posed include whether or not mathematical objects are purely abstract entities or are in some way concrete, and in what the relationship such objects have with physical reality consists.

Major themes that are dealt with in philosophy of mathematics include:

Reality: The question is whether mathematics is a pure product of human mind or whether it has some reality by itself.

Logic and rigor

Relationship with physical reality

Relationship with science

Relationship with applications

Mathematical truth

Nature as human activity (science, art, game, or all together)