hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Allium carolinianum
Allium carolinianum is a species of onions native to central and southern Asia (Xinjiang, Xizang (Tibet), Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan). It grows in sunlit slopes at elevations of 3000–5000 m.

Allium carolinianum produces egg-shaped bulbs up to 25 mm across. Scapes are round in cross-section, up to 60 cm tall. Leaves are narrow, flat, shorter than the scape. Umbel is round,  with many white, red or purplish flowers.

Scape (botany)
In botany, a scape is a peduncle arising from a subterranean or very compressed stem, with the lower internodes very long and hence few or no bracts except the part near the rachis or receptacle. Typically it takes the form of a long, leafless flowering stem rising directly from a bulb, rhizome, or similar subterranean or underwater structure.

The scapes of scallions, chives, garlic chives, and garlic are used as vegetables.
Bat No. 2 Light Roadster
The Bat No. 2 was a British motorcycle made in 1913 by Bat Motor Manufacturing Co. Ltd in Penge, Surrey. Offered with a choice of Bat's own two-speed gearbox or with a conventional (for the time) belt drive, sales were good but production ended on the outbreak of the First World War one year later.

Penge
Penge (/pɛndʒ/) is a suburb of South East London, England, now in the London Borough of Bromley, 3.5 miles (5.6 km) west of Bromley, 3.7 miles (6.0 km) north east of Croydon and 7.1 miles (11.4 km) south east of Charing Cross.
Balance sheet recession
A balance sheet recession is a type of economic recession that occurs when high levels of private sector debt cause individuals or companies to collectively focus on saving by paying down debt rather than spending or investing, causing economic growth to slow or decline. The term is attributed to economist Richard Koo and is related to the debt deflation concept described by economist Irving Fisher. Recent examples include Japan's recession that began in 1990 and the U.S. recession of 2007-2009.

Martin Wolf
Martin Harry Wolf CBE (born 16 August 1946 in London) is a British journalist who focuses on economics. He is the chief economics commentator at the Financial Times.  He also wrote a weekly column for the French newspaper Le Monde until 2016.
John Corvino
John Frank Corvino (born 1969) is an American philosopher. He is a professor of philosophy and former dean of the Irvin D. Reid Honors College at Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan and the author of several books, with a focus on the morality of homosexuality. Corvino is sometimes referred to as "The Gay Moralist", a sobriquet he assumed while writing a column of the same name.

National Organization for Marriage
The National Organization for Marriage (NOM) is an American non-profit political organization established to work against the legalization of same-sex marriage in the United States. It was formed in 2007 specifically to pass California Proposition 8, a state prohibition of same-sex marriage. The group has opposed civil union legislation and gay adoption, and has fought against allowing transgender individuals to use bathrooms that accord with their gender identity. Brian S. Brown has served as the group's president since 2010.
Peshtigo River State Forest
Peshtigo River State Forest is a 12,400-acre (5,000 ha) Wisconsin state forest in Marinette and Oconto counties. The forest is on the Peshtigo River and is next to Governor Thompson State Park. Peshtigo River State Forest was established in 2001 and is Wisconsin's newest state forest.

Oconto County, Wisconsin
Oconto County is a county  in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 38,965.  Its county seat is Oconto. The county was established in 1851.

Oconto County is part of the Green Bay metropolitan area and the Green Bay-Shawano combined statistical area.
Lyra B. Nickerson
Lyra Brown Nickerson (1886–1916) was an American philanthropist, and one of the wealthiest and most popular members of society in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. Her grandfather, Joseph R. Brown, formed a partnership with Lucian Sharpe in 1853, creating Brown & Sharpe. Brown & Sharpe was one of the best-known and most influential machine tool builders and was a leading manufacturer of instruments for machinists (such as micrometers and indicators). He left his interest in his company to his daughter, Lyra F. Brown, of his second wife, Jane Francis Brown.

Brown & Sharpe
Brown & Sharpe is a division of Hexagon AB, a Swedish multinational corporation focused mainly on metrological tools and technology. During the 19th and 20th centuries, Brown & Sharpe was one of the best-known and most influential machine tool builders and was a leading manufacturer of instruments for machinists (such as micrometers and indicators). Its reputation and influence were such that its name is often considered to be inseparably paired with certain industrial standards that it helped establish, including:

The American wire gauge (AWG) standards for wire;

The Brown & Sharpe taper in machine tool spindle tapers; and

The Brown & Sharpe worm threadform for worm gears.

Since being acquired by Hexagon Metrology in 2001, Brown and Sharpe has concentrated exclusively on metrology equipment.
The Nix brothers
Evan Nix (born December 10, 1983) and Adam Nix (born October 11, 1986), known together professionally as the Nix Bros., are American film directors, producers, and musicians. They are most well known for filming the series The Grawlix on Funny Or Die, a weekly comedy show featuring regular appearances by comedians Adam Cayton-Holland, Ben Roy, and Andrew Orvedahl, and for directing an episode of Paul Feig's 2015 comedy series Other Space. The two are also known as the founding members of the synthpop comedy band Total Ghost, a group for which they won best music video at the Festivus film festival in Denver, Colorado. The Nix Bros. later directed the Festivus spinoff Laugh Track Comedy Festival in 2011 and 2012.

Other Space
Other Space is an American science fiction comedy television series created by Paul Feig for Yahoo! Screen. Set in the 22nd century, it follows the dysfunctional crew of an exploratory spaceship who become trapped in an unknown universe.

The first season of eight episodes premiered on April 14, 2015. The series was not renewed for a second season due to Yahoo! Screen being shut down the following year. The rights for Other Space were later picked up by DUST, which began streaming the series in August 2020.
International Purple Hijab Day
International Purple Hijab Day (sometimes known as Global Hijab Day or International Purple Hijab and Kufi Day) is an international day of remembrance for those who have experienced domestic violence. It is observed on the second Saturday each February. It is most often celebrated by Muslims, with women donning a purple hijab, but anyone may participate by wearing a purple item of clothing on the day such as a scarf, tie or kufi.

Kufi
A kufi or kufi cap is a brimless, short, and rounded cap worn by men in many populations in North Africa, East Africa, West Africa, South Asia, and the Middle East. 
It is also worn by men throughout the African diaspora. The cap has strong associations with many Islamic cultures and pan-African pride. In the United States and the United Kingdom, it is also called a "taqiyah".
The Ritz (film)
The Ritz is a 1976 British-American comedy farce film directed by Richard Lester based on the 1975 play of the same name by Terrence McNally. Actress Rita Moreno – who had won a Tony Award for her performance as Googie Gomez in the Broadway production – and many others from the 1975 original cast, such as Jack Weston, Jerry Stiller, and F. Murray Abraham, reprised their stage roles in the film version. Also in the cast were Kaye Ballard and Treat Williams. The film, Jack Weston, and Rita Moreno all received Golden Globe nominations in the comedy category. It opened to mixed reviews.

It was shot at Twickenham Studios in London with sets designed by the art director Philip Harrison.

Farce
Farce is a form of comedy that relies on exaggerated, improbable, or ridiculous situations to entertain an audience. It is typically marked by physical humor, absurdity, satire or parody, improbable scenarios, misunderstandings, and broadly stylized characters and performances.
Trying Times
Trying Times was a Canadian-American co-production anthology comedy television series produced by KCET, and aired on the PBS television network. The series lasted only two seasons, 1987 to 1989, but was the first original comedy on PBS. The series was co-produced with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, which aired the programs as part of a larger anthology series, Lies From Lotus Land.

Actors on the show included Rosanna Arquette, Candice Bergen, David Byrne, Jeff Daniels, Geena Davis, Teri Garr, Hope Lange, Catherine O'Hara, and Steven Wright. Scripts were written by Christopher Durang, Spalding Gray, Bernard Slade, and Wendy Wasserstein.

The comedies are without laugh tracks, with the central character as narrator. The series looked for writers first, hoping their choices would attract cast. Writers were involved in casting, and on the set.

The series was filmed in Vancouver, to reduce costs. It was created and produced by Jon S. Denny.

Bernard Slade
Bernard Slade Newbound (May 2, 1930 – October 30, 2019) was a Canadian playwright and screenwriter. As a screenwriter, he created the sitcoms The Flying Nun and The Partridge Family. As a playwright, he wrote Same Time, Next Year, Tribute, and Romantic Comedy and their film adaptations.

He received a Tony Award nomination for Same Time, Next Year, and an Oscar nomination for the screen adaptation.
Anne-Marie Schaffner
Anne-Marie Schaffner (born 31 May 1945) is a former French politician and member of the European Parliament from 1994 to 1999 and again from 2002 to 2004. She was also National Secretary of Rally for the Republic from 1995 to 1997.

She was first elected in 1994 for Rally for the Republic (RPR), being 15th on the joint RPR-UDF list.

In the Parliament, she was a member of the committees on Petitions, Legal Affairs, and Civil Liberties and Internal Affairs. She notably prepared the Civil Liberties Committee report on the progress of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction in 1998.

In the 2004 election, she was placed sixth on the UMP list in the Île-de-France constituency; she said this made it "impossible" for her to be re-elected.

European Parliament Committee on Petitions
The Committee on Petitions (PETI) is a permanent committee of the European Parliament to offer a petition process including a web portal to create and admit petitions. Its current chair, elected on 10 July 2019, is Dolors Montserrat, member of the EPP Group.

The right to petition is one of the fundamental rights of the European citizen and residents. Any of these can bring forward a petition on a matter within the EU's sphere of activities. The Committee hears cases, some 1500 each year, sometimes presented in Parliament by the citizen themselves. While the Parliament attempts to resolve the issue as a mediator, it can resort to legal proceedings if necessary to resolve the citizen's dispute.
Polish settlement in the Philippines
Polish settlement in the Philippines began during the Spanish colonial period, mostly with the arrival of Catholic clergy destined for missionary work in other Asian countries. As of 2010 census, there are 93 persons in the Philippines who claim Polish citizenship, and the Polish community in the Philippines is the fourth-largest Central European community in the country, after the local communities of Germans, Hungarians and Albanians.

Philippine population by country
This table shows the Philippine population by country of citizenship, the number of foreigners residing in the Philippines as recorded during the 2010 census. the foreigners in the Philippines can be both expats or immigrants.
1989 Suntory Japan Open Tennis Championships – Men's doubles
John Fitzgerald and Johan Kriek were the defending champions but only Fitzgerald competed that year with Anders Järryd.

Fitzgerald and Järryd lost in the second round to Tomas Nydahl and Olli Rahnasto.

Ken Flach and Robert Seguso won in the final 7–6, 7–6 against Kevin Curren and David Pate.

Anders Järryd
Anders Per Järryd (pronounced [ˈânːdɛʂ ˈjæ̂rːyːd]; born 13 July 1961) is a former professional tennis player from Sweden. During his career he won eight Grand Slam doubles titles (three French Open, two Wimbledon, two US Open, one Australian Open), reached the world No. 1 doubles ranking, and achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 5.

Järryd was born in Lidköping, Västra Götaland. He also played bandy in Lidköpings AIK, while growing up.
Jerry Wainwright
Gerald Charles Wainwright Jr. (born February 11, 1947) is an American former basketball coach. Wainwright served as the head men's basketball coach at the University of North Carolina at Wilmington (UNC Wilmington) from 1994 to 2002, the University of Richmond from 2002 to 2005, and DePaul University from 2005 to 2010.

University of Richmond
The University of Richmond (UR or U of R) is a private liberal arts college in Richmond, Virginia, United States. It is a primarily undergraduate, residential institution with approximately 3,900 undergraduate and graduate students in five schools: the School of Arts and Sciences; the E. Claiborne Robins School of Business; the Jepson School of Leadership Studies; the University of Richmond School of Law; and the School of Professional & Continuing Studies. It is classified among "Baccalaureate Colleges: Arts & Sciences Focus".

The university's athletics teams are known as the "Richmond Spiders," after the university's distinctive mascot. A participant in the U.S. Navy's V-12 Navy College Training Program during World War II, Richmond commissions U.S. Army officers through its ROTC program, which is partnered with Hampden-Sydney College and Longwood University in Farmville, Virginia.
Ed Cartwright
Edward Charles "Jumbo" Cartwright (October 6, 1859 – September 3, 1933) was an American professional first baseman in Major League Baseball in 1890 and from 1894 to 1897.  He played for the St. Louis Browns of the American Association (predecessor of the current St. Louis Cardinals) and the Washington Senators of the National League.

Cartwright is most famous for having seven RBI in one inning, accomplished with the Browns on September 23, 1890; his record would stand for 109 years until it was broken by Fernando Tatís of the Cardinals on April 23, 1999. Cartwright also hit for the cycle on September 30, 1895, while playing for the Senators against the Boston Beaneaters.

Hitting for the cycle
In baseball, hitting for the cycle is the accomplishment of one batter who hits a single, a double, a triple, and a home run in the same game. Collecting the hits in that order is known as a "natural cycle". Cycles are rare in Major League Baseball (MLB), having occurred fewer than 400 times since 1882. The most recent cycle in MLB was accomplished by Byron Buxton of the Minnesota Twins on July 12, 2025.
Lotte Claes
Lotte Claes (born 5 May 1993) is a Belgian professional racing cyclist and duathlete, who currently rides for UCI Women's ProTeam Arkéa–B&B Hotels Women. In 2025, she won the Omloop Het Nieuwsblad from the breakaway, outsprinting Aurela Nerlo. She also finished second at the 2022 World Triathlon Long Distance Duathlon Championships and third the following year.

World Triathlon Long Distance Duathlon Championships
The ITU Long Distance Duathlon World Championships is a long-distance duathlon race, held annually since 1997, except for a break in 2009 and 2010. The championships involve a continuous run-cycle-run. The distances are typically around two to three times those of the shorter ITU Duathlon World Championships, in both cases varying according to the venue; they have also varied over the years. The championships are organised by the International Triathlon Union (ITU).

For its first three years (1997–1999) and also since 2011, the championships have been held jointly with the International Powerman Association (IPA) at Zofingen, Switzerland. The Zofingen event, known as Powerman Zofingen, claims to be "The most famous and toughest duathlon in the world", and is the longest course over which the championships have been held. The event is also the final of the Powerman Duathlon World Series.
Compsolechia niobella
Compsolechia niobella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Cajetan Felder, Rudolf Felder and Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer in 1875. It is found in Amazonas, Brazil.

The wingspan is about 18 mm (0.71 in). The forewings are grey with an oblique streak of brown suffusion from the dorsum towards the base reaching two-thirds across the wing. The discal and dorsal areas are suffused brownish from one-third to near the termen, a suffused dark brown streak from the disc at one-third to the termen beneath the apex, below this a paler area posteriorly, brown streaks on veins 8-11 except towards the costa. The hindwings are dark grey, paler towards the base.

Rudolf Felder
Rudolf Felder (2 May 1842 in Vienna – 29 March 1871 in Vienna) was an Austrian jurist and entomologist. He was mainly interested in Lepidoptera, amassing, with his father, Cajetan Felder, a huge collection.
Measurable space
In mathematics, a measurable space or Borel space is a basic object in measure theory. It consists of a set and a σ-algebra, which defines the subsets that will be measured.

It captures and generalises intuitive notions such as length, area, and volume with a set  of 'points' in the space, but regions of the space are the elements of the σ-algebra, since the intuitive measures are not usually defined for points. The algebra also captures the relationships that might be expected of regions: that a region can be defined as an intersection of other regions, a union of other regions, or the space with the exception of another region.

Power set
In mathematics, the power set (or powerset) of a set S is the set of all subsets of S, including the empty set and S itself. In axiomatic set theory (as developed, for example, in the ZFC axioms), the existence of the power set of any set is postulated by the axiom of power set. 
The powerset of S is variously denoted as P(S), 𝒫(S), P(S), , or 2S.
Any subset of P(S) is called a family of sets over S.
Petra Schmidt-Schaller
Petra Schmidt-Schaller (born 28 August 1980) is a German actress. She is noted for the roles of Helene in Runaway Horse alongside Ulrich Noethen, Ulrich Tukur and Katja Riemann, and Maud Brewster in The Sea Wolf (2008 ProSieben film) alongside Thomas Kretschmann.

Ulrich Noethen
Ulrich Noethen (born 18 November 1959) is a German actor who has appeared in many movies and TV films.

He starred in Comedian Harmonists. He also played Heinrich Himmler twice, in Der Untergang and Mein Führer – Die wirklich wahrste Wahrheit über Adolf Hitler.

Noethen has won various awards for his acting, including the German Film Award, the Bavarian Film Award, the Adolf Grimme Award and the Golden Camera.
Happy State Bank Stadium
Happy State Bank Stadium, formerly known as Kimbrough Memorial Stadium, is a stadium in Canyon, Texas.  It is owned by Canyon Independent School District and is primarily used for American football. It is the home stadium for Canyon High School, Randall High School, and West Plains High School of Canyon Independent School District, and is the former home of West Texas A&M University. The stadium holds 20,000 people and was built in 1959.

Canyon High School (Canyon, Texas)
Canyon High School is a public high school located in the city limits of Canyon, Texas, United States and classified as a 4A school from 2018 by the University Interscholastic League (UIL). It is part of the Canyon Independent School District located in north central Randall County.  In 2015, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency.
Carbon Glacier
Carbon Glacier is located on the north slope of Mount Rainier in the U.S. state of Washington and is the source of the Carbon River. The snout at the glacier terminal moraine is at about 3,500 feet (1,100 m) above sea level, making it the lowest-elevation glacier in the contiguous United States. The glacier also has the greatest length (5.7 miles (9.2 km)), thickness (700 ft (210 m)) and volume (0.2 cubic miles (0.83 km3)) of any U.S. glacier outside of Alaska.

At over a mile wide, the Carbon Glacier cirque is the largest in the Cascade Mountains. The headwall of the cirque is the prominent Willis Wall landform.

Carbon Glacier is accessible from the northwest Carbon River entrance of Mount Rainier National Park, just outside the town of Carbonado, Washington. The glacier is accessible on foot via an 8-mile (13 km) hike from the Carbon River entrance of Mt. Rainier National Park. The road and trail is currently washed out in several areas due to flooding of the Carbon River in 2006.

Moraine
A moraine is any accumulation of unconsolidated debris (regolith and rock), sometimes referred to as glacial till, that occurs in both currently and formerly glaciated regions, and that has been previously carried along by a glacier or ice sheet. It may consist of partly rounded particles ranging in size from boulders (in which case it is often referred to as boulder clay) down to gravel and sand, in a groundmass of finely divided clayey material sometimes called glacial flour. Lateral moraines are those formed at the side of the ice flow, and terminal moraines are those formed at the foot, marking the maximum advance of the glacier. Other types of moraine include ground moraines (till-covered areas forming sheets on flat or irregular topography) and medial moraines (moraines formed where two glaciers meet).
Jaap van Praag
Jacob Philip "Jaap" van Praag (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈjaːkɔp ˈfilɪp ˈjaːp fɑm ˈpraːx]; born 11 May 1911 in Amsterdam – died 12 April 1981 in Utrecht) was a Dutch humanist who played a prominent role in establishing the Dutch Humanist League. He was its chairman from 1946 to 1969. From 1954 to 1974, he was a member of the executive board of the provincial government of South Holland.

Before World War II, Van Praag was a socialist and pacifist activist. As a Jew, he went into hiding during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands.

Van Praag was one of the first professors in Humanist studies in University of Leiden (1964–1979). He played a major role in the founding of the International Humanist and Ethical Union and was its chairman from inception in 1952 until 1975.

South Holland
South Holland (Dutch: Zuid-Holland [ˌzœyt ˈɦɔlɑnt] ⓘ) is a province of the Netherlands with a population of over 3.8 million as of January 2023 and a population density of about 1,410/km2 (3,700/sq mi), making it the country's most populous province and one of the world's most densely populated areas. Situated on the North Sea in the west of the Netherlands, South Holland covers an area of 3,308 km2 (1,277 sq mi), of which 609 km2 (235 sq mi) is water. It borders North Holland to the north, Utrecht and Gelderland to the east, and North Brabant and Zeeland to the south. The provincial capital is the Dutch seat of government The Hague, while its largest city is Rotterdam. The Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta drains through South Holland into the North Sea. Europe's busiest seaport, the Port of Rotterdam, is located in South Holland.