hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spartan constitution
The Spartan Constitution (or Spartan politeia) is the government and laws of the classical Greek city-state of Sparta. All classical Greek city-states had a politeia; the politeia of Sparta however, was noted by many classical authors for its unique features, which supported a rigidly layered social system and a strong hoplite army.

The Spartans had no historical records, literature, or written laws, which were, according to tradition, prohibited. Attributed to the mythical figure of Lycurgus, the legendary law-giver, the Spartan system of government is known mostly from the Constitution of the Lacedaemonians, a treatise attributed to the ancient Greek historian Xenophon, describing the institutions, customs, and practices of the ancient Spartans.

Politeia
Politeia (πολιτεία) is an ancient Greek word used in Greek political thought, especially that of Plato and Aristotle. Derived from the word polis ("city-state"), it has a range of meanings from "the rights of citizens" to a "form of government" to "commonwealth."
Rainio
Rainio is a surname of Finnish origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Aino Forsten (1885–1937), born Aina Rainio, Finnish politician and educator

Jussi Rainio (1878–1918), Finnish journalist and politician

Selma Rainio (1873–1939), Finnish missionary

Väinö Rainio (1896–1979), Finnish athlete

Aino Forsten
Aina "Aino" Aleksandra Forsten, née Rainio (2 April 1885 – 27 November 1937), was a Finnish politician and educator. She was a member of the Parliament of Finland for the Social Democratic Party from 1916 to 1918. After the 1918 Finnish Civil War, Forsten fled to the Soviet Union where she was executed during the Great Purge in 1937.
Prospect State Scenic Viewpoint
Prospect State Scenic Viewpoint, is a state park south of the community of Prospect on Oregon Route 62 in Jackson County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. It was formerly known as Mill Creek Falls Scenic Area, a private hiking area that was developed by Willamette Industries along the Rogue River.  Both Mill Creek Falls and Pearsony Falls are contained within the area, with Barr Creek Falls close by.

A hydroelectric dam was built in the 1920s which drained the narrow valley containing the group of falls.  A group of large boulders appeared.  These have become a local attraction known as the Avenue of the Giant Boulders.

Boulder
In geology, a boulder (less commonly spelled bowlder) is a rock fragment with size greater than 25.6 cm (10.1 in) in diameter. Smaller pieces are called cobbles and pebbles. While a boulder may be small enough to move or roll manually, others are extremely massive. In common usage, a boulder is too large for a person to move. Smaller boulders are usually just called rocks or stones.
Mills House (Pine Bluff, Arkansas)
The Mills House is a historic house at 715 West Barraque Street in Pine Bluff, Arkansas.  It is a 1+1⁄2-story wood-frame structure, three bays wide, with a front gable roof, weatherboard siding, and a brick foundation.  Its front has a porch extending across the front, which has turned posts, a spindlework balustrade and frieze, and jigsawn brackets.  Built in 1902, it is a good local example of vernacular architecture with Folk Victorian details.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

Pine Bluff, Arkansas
Pine Bluff is a city in Jefferson County, Arkansas, United States, and its county seat. The population was 41,253 at the 2020 census, making it the tenth-most populous city in Arkansas.

Pine Bluff is situated in the southeast section of the Arkansas Delta and straddles the Arkansas Timberlands region to its west. Its topography is flat with wide expanses of farmland, similar to other places in the Delta Lowlands. Pine Bluff has numerous creeks, streams, and bayous, including Bayou Bartholomew, the longest bayou in the world and the second most ecologically diverse stream in the United States. Large bodies of water include Lake Pine Bluff, Lake Langhofer (Slack Water Harbor), and the Arkansas River.
Toei 5300 series
The Toei 5300 series (都営5300形, Toei 5300-gata) was an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation (Toei) on the Toei Asakusa Line and associated through services in Tokyo, Japan. A total of 27 eight-car trainsets (216 vehicles) were built between 1990 and 1998 by Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Nippon Sharyo, Kinki Sharyo, and Hitachi.

The train type was introduced into service on 31 March 1991 following the introduction of Hokuso Kodan Line through services, and to replace the 5000 series trainsets that had been used on the Asakusa Line since its inception in 1960. The 5300 series was withdrawn between 2018 and February 2023 following the introduction of new 5500 series trainsets.

Kawasaki Heavy Industries
Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd. (KHI) (川崎重工業株式会社, Kawasaki Jūkōgyō Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese public multinational corporation manufacturer of motorcycles, engines, heavy equipment, aerospace and defense equipment, rolling stock and ships, headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. It is also active in the production of industrial robots, gas turbines, pumps, boilers and other industrial products. The company is named after its founder, Shōzō Kawasaki. KHI is known as one of the three major heavy industrial manufacturers of Japan, alongside Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and IHI. Prior to the Second World War, KHI was part of the Kobe Kawasaki zaibatsu, which included Kawasaki Steel and Kawasaki Kisen. After the conflict, KHI became part of the DKB Group (keiretsu).
Matalon
Matalon is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David Matalon (1943–2025), American film producer and studio executive

Eli Matalon (1924–1999), Jamaican businessman and politician

Martín Matalon (born 1958), Argentinian composer and musician

Moshe Matalon (politician) (born 1953), Israeli politician and member of the Knesset for Yisrael Beiteinu

Moshe Matalon (engineer) (born 1949), Israeli-American mechanical engineer and mathematician

Ronit Matalon (1959–2017), Israeli fiction writer

Salomon Matalon, scout leader in Senegal

Vivian Matalon (1929–2018), British theatre director

Joseph Mayer Matalon (Jamaican businessman and philathropist) (born 1959)

Moshe Matalon (politician)
Moshe "Mutz" Matalon (Hebrew: משה "מוץ" מטלון; born 12 May 1953) is an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Yisrael Beiteinu between 2009 and 2013. He is of Sephardic Jewish ancestry.
Stefan Ryniewicz
Stefan Jan Ryniewicz (26 December 1903 – 9 March 1988) was a Polish diplomat and counselor of the Legation of Poland in Bern between 1940 and 1945. He was a member of the Ładoś Group also called as Ładoś Group and played a crucial role in illegal manufacturing of thousands of Latin American passports to save Jews from the Holocaust.

Legation
A legation was a diplomatic representative office of lower rank than an embassy. Whereas an embassy was headed by an ambassador, a legation was headed by a minister. Ambassadors outranked ministers and had precedence at official events. Legations were originally the most common form of diplomatic mission, but they fell out of favor after World War II and were upgraded to embassies.
Denis Kozhukhin
Denis Viktorovich Kozhukhin (Russian: Денис Викторович Кожухин; born in Gorky, 2 July 1986) is a Russian pianist who was awarded third prize in the 2006 Leeds International Piano Competition. He was also awarded first prize in the 2010 Belgian Queen Elisabeth Competition for piano.

He is a laureate of international competitions at the VII International Festival in Otranto (Italy) and the Svyatoslav Richter Memorial Festival in Paris.

Piano Sonata No. 6 (Prokofiev)
Sergei Prokofiev's Piano Sonata No. 6 in A major, Op. 82 is a sonata for solo piano, the first of the "War Sonatas". It was composed in 1940 and first performed on 8 April of that year in Moscow, with the composer at the piano.
1999 La Flèche Wallonne
The 1999 La Flèche Wallonne was the 63rd edition of La Flèche Wallonne cycle race and was held on 14 April 1999. The race started in Charleroi and finished in Huy. The race was won by Michele Bartoli of the Mapei team.

Huy
Huy (French: [ɥi] ⓘ or [wi] ⓘ; Dutch: Hoei [ɦui] ⓘ; Walloon: Hu) is a city and municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Liège, Belgium. Huy lies along the river Meuse, at the mouth of the small river Hoyoux. It is in the sillon industriel, the former industrial backbone of Wallonia, home to the Walloon population.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Ben-Ahin, Huy, Neuville-sous-Huy, and Tihange.
Urbeliai
Urbeliai is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 5 people. It is located 1.5 km from Sirutiškis, by the regional road  Kėdainiai-Krekenava-Panevėžys, on the right bank of the Nevėžis river, next to the mouth of its tributary the Kruostas. There is a former hydroelectric power plant (now in ruins) on the Nevėžis near Urbeliai.

Kėdainiai
Kėdainiai (Lithuanian: [kʲeːˈdâːɪ.nʲɛɪ̯ˑ] ⓘ) is a city in Lithuania. It is located on the banks of the Nevėžis river 45 km (28 mi) north of  Kaunas, Lithuania's second largest city. One of the oldest settlements in the country, Kėdainiai was first mentioned in the 1372 Livonian Chronicle of Hermann de Wartberge, and became a city in 1590. Its population as of 2022 was 23,051. The Kėdainiai Old Town dates to the 17th century and many of its historical buildings were preserved.

The town is the administrative centre of the Kėdainiai District Municipality. The geographical centre of Lithuania is in the nearby village of Ruoščiai in the eldership of Dotnuva.

Other smaller villages circle the territory in a distance of five miles or a little further from the St. George's Church of Kėdainiai — Lančiūnava, Kapliai, Labūnava, Josvainiai, Dotnuva, and Kalnaberžė.
Gnutella2
Gnutella2, often referred to as G2, is a peer-to-peer protocol developed mainly by Michael Stokes and released in 2002.

While inspired by the gnutella protocol, G2 shares little of its design with the exception of its connection handshake and download mechanics.

G2 adopts an extensible binary packet format and an entirely new search algorithm.

Furthermore, G2 has a related (but significantly different) network topology and an improved metadata system, which helps effectively to reduce fake files, such as viruses, on the network.

Random walk
In mathematics, a random walk, sometimes known as a drunkard's walk, is a stochastic process that describes a path that consists of a succession of random steps on some mathematical space.

An elementary example of a random walk is the random walk on the integer number line  which starts at 0, and at each step moves +1 or −1 with equal probability. Other examples include the path traced by a molecule as it travels in a liquid or a gas (see Brownian motion), the search path of a foraging animal, or the price of a fluctuating stock and the financial status of a gambler. Random walks have applications to engineering and many scientific fields including ecology, psychology, computer science, physics, chemistry, biology, economics, and sociology. The term random walk was first introduced by Karl Pearson in 1905.

Realizations of random walks can be obtained by Monte Carlo simulation.
2014 Trophée des Champions
The 2014 Trophée des Champions (English: 2014 Champions' Trophy) was the 19th edition of the French supercup. The match was played at the Workers' Stadium in Beijing, China. This was the sixth consecutive time the competition has taken place on foreign soil, and its first time in Asia.

The match was between Paris Saint-Germain, the winners of the 2013–14 Ligue 1 season, and the 2013–14 Coupe de France winners En Avant Guingamp. Paris Saint-Germain were the defending champions, having defeated Bordeaux in the 2013 edition, which was played in Gabon. They successfully defended their trophy by defeating Guingamp 2–0, their fourth victory in eight editions of the tournament.

FC Girondins de Bordeaux
Football Club des Girondins de Bordeaux (French pronunciation: [ʒiʁɔ̃dɛ̃ də bɔʁdo]), commonly referred to as Girondins de Bordeaux (Occitan: Girondins de Bordèu) or simply Bordeaux, is a French football club based in the city of Bordeaux in Gironde, Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It competes in the Championnat National 2, the fourth tier of football in France, after an administrative double relegation in 2024.

Bordeaux was founded on 1 October 1881 as a multi-sports club and it is one of the most successful football clubs in France. The club has won six Division 1/Ligue 1 titles, the last in 2009. Bordeaux have also won four Coupe de France titles, three Coupe de la Ligue titles, and three Trophée des champions titles as well. In international competitions Bordeaux has reached the UEFA Cup final in 1996 and the Latin Cup final in 1950. From a year to its inception, the club's stadium was the Stade Chaban-Delmas, from 2015, Bordeaux's home ground is the Stade Atlantique.
Frederick Hassall
Frederick Handel Hassall (11 August 1864 – 14 February 1945) was an English cricketer active from 1894 to 1902 who played first-class cricket for Leicestershire and minor counties cricket for Staffordshire. He was born in Nantwich and died in Leicester.

A right-handed batsman and bowled right-arm medium pace bowler, Hassall played in four first-class matches for Leicestershire in 1894, including their maiden first-class fixture against Essex at Leyton. He scored 57 runs with a highest score of 20. He played minor counties cricket for Staffordshire from 1898 to 1902, making 21 appearances.

Leyton Cricket Ground
Leyton Cricket Ground (formerly known as the County Ground or the Lyttelton Ground) is a cricket ground in Leyton, London. The ground was the headquarters and main home match venue of Essex County Cricket Club from 1886 until 1933, and was also used by the club for matches between 1957 and 1977. It currently hosts club and community cricket matches and has a listed pavilion.
My Love (Lionel Richie song)
"My Love" is a song by American singer-songwriter Lionel Richie. It was released in 1983 as the third and final single from his self-titled debut solo album. The song features harmony backing vocals by country music singer Kenny Rogers. It reached the top 10 on three notable Billboard magazine charts in the spring of 1983: on the Billboard Hot 100 the song peaked at No. 5; on the Adult Contemporary chart, the song spent four weeks at No. 1; and on the R&B chart, the song topped out at No. 6. "My Love" was not among Richie's more successful singles in the United Kingdom, where it only managed to reach No. 70 on the UK Singles Chart. In Canada, it peaked at No. 28 on the RPM Top 100 Singles chart.

Cash Box described "My Love" as being reminiscent of the Commodores' single "Easy."

A remake of the song was recorded and included on Richie's 2012 album Tuskegee, which features Kenny Chesney.

Commodores
Commodores, often billed as the Commodores, is  an American funk and soul group. The group's most successful period was in the late 1970s and early 1980s when Lionel Richie was the co-lead singer.

The members of the group met as mostly freshmen at Tuskegee Institute (now Tuskegee University) in 1968, and signed with Motown in November 1972, having first caught the public eye opening for the Jackson 5 while on tour.

The band's biggest hit singles are ballads such as "Easy", "Three Times a Lady", and "Nightshift"; and funk-influenced dance songs, including "Brick House", "Fancy Dancer", "Lady (You Bring Me Up)", and "Too Hot ta Trot".

Commodores were inducted into the Alabama Music Hall of Fame and Vocal Group Hall of Fame. The band has also won one Grammy Award out of nine nominations. The Commodores have sold over 70 million albums worldwide.
1994 Oran Park ATCC round
The 1994 Oran Park ATCC round was the tenth and final round of the 1994 Australian Touring Car Championship. It was held on the weekend of 22 to 24 July at Oran Park Raceway in Sydney, New South Wales.

Oran Park Raceway
Oran Park Raceway was a motor racing circuit at Narellan south west of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia which was operational from February 1962 until its closure in January 2010. The track was designed and started by George Murray and Jack Allen. Since its closure in 2010 it has been (re)developed into housing.
Hrushikesh Moolgavkar
Air Chief Marshal Hrushikesh Moolgavkar, PVSM, MVC (15 August 1920 – 9 April 2015) was a former Indian Air officer in the Indian Air Force. He served as the 9th Chief of the Air Staff of the Indian Air Force from 1 February 1976 to 31 August 1978.

Commandant of the National Defence College
The Commandant of the National Defence College in India is the overall in-charge of all the functioning of the National Defence College including academics and administration. The Commandant of the college is a Three-star rank officer from the three Services in rotation for a term of two years.
Riaz Bagwan
Riaz Bagwan (born 16 June 1961) was an Indian cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Maharashtra. He was born in Bombay. Selector of Maharashtra Cricket Association

Bagwan, who had previously played for Maharashtra Schools and West Zone Schools in miscellaneous matches, made a single first-class appearance, during the 1983–84 season, against Saurashtra. Bagwan did not bat during the match, but bowled 5 overs, conceding 28 runs.

Saurashtra cricket team
Saurashtra cricket team is one of the three first-class cricket teams based in the Indian state of Gujarat (the other two being the Baroda cricket team and the Gujarat cricket team) that competes in India's first-class cricket tournament Ranji Trophy and limited-overs cricket tournaments Vijay Hazare Trophy and Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy.
Short Scylla
The Short L.17 Scylla was a British four-engined 39-seat biplane airliner designed and built by Short Brothers at the request of Imperial Airways to supplement the Handley Page H.P.42 fleet already in service after Handley Page quoted an excessive price for two additional H.P.42s. They were ordered in 1933.

Imperial Airways used the Scylla for scheduled flights from London to Paris and other European cities. Two aircraft were built, Scylla (G-ACJJ) and Syrinx (G-ACJK). Both served with the airline, until its merger into BOAC in 1939, when both were taken out of service the following year, Scylla after being wrecked and Syrinx being scrapped.

Sleeve valve
The sleeve valve is a type of valve mechanism for piston engines, distinct from the usual poppet valve. Sleeve valve engines saw use in a number of pre–World War II luxury cars and in the United States in the Willys-Knight car and light truck. They subsequently fell from use due to advances in poppet-valve technology, including sodium cooling, and the Knight system double sleeve engine's tendency to burn a lot of lubricating oil or to seize due to lack of it. The Scottish Argyll company used its own, much simpler and more efficient, single sleeve system (Burt-McCollum) in its cars, a system which, after extensive development, saw substantial use in British aircraft engines of the 1940s, such as the Napier Sabre, Bristol Hercules, Centaurus, and the promising but never mass-produced Rolls-Royce Crecy, only to be supplanted by the jet engines.
Robert Stanley Weir
Robert Stanley Weir FRSC (November 15, 1856 – August 20, 1926) was a Canadian judge and poet most famous for writing the English lyrics to "O Canada", the national anthem of Canada. He was educated as a teacher and lawyer and considered one of the leading experts of the day on Quebec's municipal civil law. He was appointed a municipal court judge and a local judge in admiralty for the Exchequer Court of Canada.

Weir published several individual poems in magazines and collections in books. His lyrics for the English version of "O Canada" eclipsed many others' lyrical attempts and songs to quickly become the most popular patriotic song in Canada for the past century.

Patriotism
Patriotism is the feeling of love, devotion, and a sense of attachment to one's country or state. This attachment can be a combination of different feelings for things such as the language of one's homeland, and its ethnic, cultural, political, or historical aspects. It may encompass a set of concepts closely related to nationalism, mostly civic nationalism and sometimes cultural nationalism.
Positioning system
A positioning system is a system for determining the position of an object in space. Positioning system technologies exist ranging from interplanetary coverage with meter accuracy to workspace and laboratory coverage with sub-millimeter accuracy. A major subclass is made of geopositioning systems, used for determining an object's position with respect to Earth, i.e., its geographical position; one of the most well-known and commonly used geopositioning systems is the Global Positioning System (GPS) and similar global navigation satellite systems (GNSS).

Position (geometry)
In geometry, a position or position vector, also known as location vector or radius vector, is a Euclidean vector that represents a point P in space. Its length represents the distance in relation to an arbitrary reference origin O, and its direction represents the angular orientation with respect to given reference axes. Usually denoted x, r, or s, it corresponds to the straight line segment from O to P.
In other words, it is the displacement or translation that maps the origin to P:

The term position vector is used mostly in the fields of differential geometry, mechanics and occasionally vector calculus.
Frequently this is used in two-dimensional or three-dimensional space, but can be easily generalized to Euclidean spaces and affine spaces of any dimension.
Urban Blues (Leroy Jenkins album)
Urban Blues is a live album by violinist and composer Leroy Jenkins. It was recorded in January 1984 at Sweet Basil in New York City, and was released by Black Saint later that year. On the album, Jenkins is joined by members of his band Sting: Terry Jenoure on violin and vocals, Brandon Ross and James Emery on guitar, Alonzo Gardner on bass, and Kamal Sabir on drums.

Black Saint/Soul Note
Black Saint and Soul Note are two affiliated Italian independent record labels. Since their conception in the 1970s, they have released albums from a variety of influential jazz musicians, particularly in the genre of free jazz.
Morgan Yasbincek
Morgan Yasbincek (born 1964) is a contemporary Australian poet, novelist and academic.

Morgan Yasbincek lives in Western Australia where she completed her PhD at Murdoch University. She has held a residency at the University of East Anglia, United Kingdom in 1998 and currently teaches creative writing at Murdoch. Her writing, in both poetry and prose, deals with everyday concerns refracted through the lens of contemporary literary theory. Her first collection of poems, Night Reversing, won both the Anne Elder and the Mary Gilmore Awards for poetry.

Murdoch University
Murdoch University is a public university in Perth, Western Australia, and additional campuses in Singapore and Dubai. It began operations as the state's second university on 25 July 1973, and accepted its first undergraduate students in 1975. Its name is taken from Walter Murdoch, the Founding Professor of English and former Chancellor of the University of Western Australia. The main campus is located in Murdoch, a suburb of Perth.

The university is a verdant university and a member of the Innovative Research Universities. In 2018, Murdoch University was recognised as producing the most employable graduates of all Australian universities after three years of graduating from their courses. In 2019, the university ranked third in overall student satisfaction amongst all public universities in Western Australia.