hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Least-angle regression
In statistics, least-angle regression (LARS) is an algorithm for fitting linear regression models to high-dimensional data, developed by Bradley Efron, Trevor Hastie, Iain Johnstone and Robert Tibshirani.

Suppose we expect a response variable to be determined by a linear combination of a subset of potential covariates.  Then the LARS algorithm provides a means of producing an estimate of which variables to include, as well as their coefficients.

Instead of giving a vector result, the LARS solution consists of a curve denoting the solution for each value of the L1 norm of the parameter vector. The algorithm is similar to forward stepwise regression, but instead of including variables at each step, the estimated parameters are increased in a direction equiangular to each one's correlations with the residual.

Robert Tibshirani
Robert Tibshirani FRS FRSC (born July 10, 1956) is a professor in the Departments of Statistics and Biomedical Data Science at Stanford University. He was a professor at the University of Toronto from 1985 to 1998. In his work, he develops statistical tools for the analysis of complex datasets, most recently in genomics and proteomics.

His most well-known contributions are the
Lasso method, which proposed the use of  L1  penalization in regression and related problems, and Significance Analysis of Microarrays.
Mile Oak F.C.
Mile Oak Football Club are a football club based in Mile Oak, Brighton and Hove, England. They were established in 1960 and joined the Sussex County League in 1987. In the 2005–06 season, they reached the 2nd round of the FA Vase. They are currently members of the Southern Combination Division One and play at Chalky Road and had their highest recorded match attendance playing against Seaford during the 24/25 season.

FA Vase
The Football Association Challenge Vase, also known as the Isuzu FA Vase for sponsorship reasons, is an annual football competition run by and named after The Football Association (The FA), for teams playing in Steps 5 and 6 of the English National League System. Nearly 600 teams participate in this knockout competition with semi-finals played over two legs. The final is played at Wembley Stadium.

The 2025 winners were Whitstable Town, who beat AFC Whyteleafe 2–1 at Wembley Stadium.
Geology of West Sussex
The geology of West Sussex in southeast England comprises a succession of sedimentary rocks of Cretaceous age overlain in the south by sediments of Palaeogene age. The sequence of strata from both periods consists of a variety of sandstones, mudstones, siltstones and limestones. These sediments were deposited within the Hampshire and Weald basins. Erosion subsequent to large scale but gentle folding associated with the Alpine Orogeny has resulted in the present outcrop pattern across the county, dominated by the north facing chalk scarp of the South Downs. The bedrock is overlain by a suite of Quaternary deposits of varied origin. Parts of both the bedrock and these superficial deposits have been worked for a variety of minerals for use in construction, industry and agriculture.

Hampshire Basin
The Hampshire Basin is a geological basin of Palaeogene age in southern England, underlying parts of Hampshire, the Isle of Wight, Dorset, and Sussex. Like the London Basin to the northeast, it is filled with sands and clays of Paleocene and younger ages and it is surrounded by a broken rim of chalk hills of Cretaceous age.
Wildlife of Egypt
The wildlife of Egypt is composed of the flora and fauna of this country in North Africa and West Asia, and is substantial and varied. Apart from the fertile Nile Valley, which bisects the country from south to north, the majority of Egypt's landscape is desert, with a few scattered oases. It has long coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea, the Gulf of Suez, the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea. Each geographic region has a diversity of plants and animals each adapted to its own particular habitat.

Gulf of Aqaba
The Gulf of Aqaba (Arabic: خَلِيج الْعَقَبَة, romanized: Khalīj al-ʿAqaba) or Gulf of Eilat (Hebrew: מפרץ אילת, romanized: Mifrátz Eilát) is a large gulf at the northern tip of the Red Sea, southeast of the Sinai Peninsula, and west of the Arabian Peninsula. Its coastline is divided among four countries: Egypt, Israel, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia.
Costa Rica national football team results
This article lists the Costa Rica national football team results. The national team is organised by the Federación Costarricense de Fútbol that was established in 1921.  The team is nicknamed La Sele or Los Ticos. Costa Rica joined FIFA in 1927 and CONCACAF in 1962.

Costa Rican Football Federation
The Costa Rican Football  Federation (Spanish: Federación Costarricense de Fútbol, FCRF), also known as FEDEFUTBOL or FEDEFUT, is the official association football governing body in Costa Rica and is in charge of the Costa Rica national football team and the Costa Rica women's national football team.
Thompson Nunataks
Thompson Nunataks (79°27′S 85°49′W﻿ / ﻿79.450°S 85.817°W﻿ / -79.450; -85.817) are three evenly spaced nunataks which lie 4 nautical miles (7 km) south of Navigator Peak and surmount the central part of White Escarpment in the Heritage Range, Ellsworth Mountains. Mapped by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1961–66. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Russel W. Thompson, United States Antarctic Research Program (USARP) meteorologist at Wilkes Station, 1963.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Thompson Nunataks". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Nunatak
A nunatak (from Inuit nunataq) is the summit or ridge of a mountain that protrudes from an ice field or glacier that otherwise covers most of the mountain or ridge. They often form natural pyramidal peaks. Isolated nunataks are also called glacial islands, and smaller nunataks rounded by glacial action may be referred to as rognons.

The word is of Greenlandic origin and has been used in English since the 1870s.
Mozhgan Rahmani
Mozhgan Rahmani (Persian: مژگان رحمانی, born 31 December 1989) is an Iranian darts player. Since 2017, she has been a member of the Iranian National Darts Team. She is the first Iranian in Iran's Darts history to be inducted into Professional Darts Corporation.
She is an Iranian legionary in Malaysia's DURY team. The only Iranian athlete interviewed by Sky Sports and RTL Group.

Professional Darts Corporation
The Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) is a professional darts organisation in the United Kingdom, established in 1992 when a group of leading players split from the British Darts Organisation (BDO) to form what was initially called the World Darts Council (WDC). Sports promoter Eddie Hearn is the PDC chairman.

The PDC developed and holds several competitions, including the annual PDC World Darts Championship, the World Matchplay, World Grand Prix, UK Open, Premier League, and Grand Slam. It also runs its own world rankings based on players' performances.
Falguni Mitra
Pandit Falguni Mitra is an Indian Hindustani classical vocalist who is known as a Dhrupad exponent of India. Mitra belongs to the Bettiah gharana.

Mitra combines the Dagar style of “Alaapchari” with the Betia style of Dhrupad and Dhamar (music).

Bettiah
Bettiah is a city and the administrative headquarters of West Champaran district (Tirhut Division) in the Indian state of Bihar. It is near the Indo-Nepal border, 225 kilometres (140 mi) northwest of Patna.
Hardev
Hardev is an Indian masculine given name borne by:

Hardev Bahri (1907–2000), Indian linguist, literary critic and lexicographer

Hardev Singh Coonar (1933–2019), Indian dental surgeon

Hardev Dilgir (1939–2022), Indian lyricist

Hardev Singh Laddi (born 1968), Indian politician

Hardev Mahinangal (fl. 1995–present), Punjabi singer

Talwinder Singh Parmar or Hardev Singh Parmar (1944–1992), Indian militant, Sikh separatist and mastermind of the 1985 Air India Flight 182 bombing

Hardev Singh (1954–2016), Indian spiritual guru

Hardev Singh Coonar
Hardev Singh Coonar (9 December 1933 – 6 May 2019) was a dental surgeon active in the United Kingdom and India who was a specialist in oral implantology after being trained at the Branemark Clinic in Gothenburg, Sweden.

He co-founded a charitable dental and pain clinic in Hansali, Punjab, India, supported by both the Rotary International and local Gurudwara.
Ramillies, Belgium
Ramillies (French pronunciation: [ʁamili]; Walloon: Ramiêye) is a municipality of Wallonia located in the Belgian province of Walloon Brabant. On 1 January 2012, Ramillies had a total population of 6,211. The total area is 48.68 km2 which gives a population density of 128 inhabitants per km2.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Autre-Église, Bomal, Geest-Gérompont-Petit-Rosière, Grand-Rosière-Hottomont, Huppaye, Mont-Saint-André, and Ramillies-Offus.

The former Roman road from Bavay to Cologne passes through Ramillies. Just to the north of the road, also within the municipality, the Hottomont tumulus is one of the most significant tumuli in Belgium.

Deelgemeente
A deelgemeente (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdeːlɣəˌmeːntə] ⓘ, literally sub-municipality), or section (French pronunciation: [sɛksjɔ̃] ⓘ), is a subdivision of a municipality in Belgium and, until March 2014, in the Netherlands as well.
MTR fare adjustment mechanism
The fare adjustment mechanism is a system that regulates the fare increments of public utilities, including the Mass Transit Railway Corporation Limited (MTRC). Under this mechanism, the MTR fare no longer requires approval from the Legislative Council or the Executive Council. However, this has limited the MTR's autonomy in fare setting, as the fare must be determined according to a fixed formula. Initially, the mechanism was designed to curb the rapid fare increases of the MTR through a transparent and formulaic approach. Nevertheless, Hong Kong experienced continuous inflation from 2010 to 2020, with only 2017 being exempt from a fare increase. Consequently, the annual fare hikes were widely criticized by the general public.  Since 2020, there have been three years without a fare increase (2020, 2022, and 2025), and a fare reduction occurred in 2021 for the first time. This was due to the sluggish economy caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

MTR Corporation
MTR Corporation Limited is a majority government-owned public transport operator and property developer in Hong Kong which operates the Mass Transit Railway, the most popular public transport network in Hong Kong. It is listed on the Hong Kong Exchange and is a component of the Hang Seng Index. The MTR additionally invests in railways across different parts of the world, including franchised contracts to operate rapid transit systems in Beijing, Hangzhou, Macao, Shenzhen, Sydney, and a suburban rail system in Melbourne.
Komsomolsky, Komi Republic
Komsomolsky (Russian: Комсомо́льский; Komi: Комсомольскӧй, Komsomoľsköj) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) under the administrative jurisdiction of the town of republic significance of Vorkuta in the Komi Republic, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,047.

Komi language
Komi (коми кыв, komi kyv, IPA: [komi kɨv] ⓘ), also known as Zyran, Zyrian or Komi-Zyryan (зыран коми кыв, zyran komi kyv), is the native language of the Komi (Zyrians). It is one of the Permic languages; the other regional varieties are Komi-Permyak, which has official status, and Komi-Yazva.

Komi is spoken in the Komi Republic and other parts of Russia such as Nenetsia and Yamalia. There were 285,000 speakers in 1994, which decreased to 160,000 in 2010.

It was formerly written in the Old Permic script created by Stephen of Perm for liturgical purposes in the 14th century, though very few texts exist in this script. The Cyrillic script was introduced by Russian missionaries in the 17th century, replacing it. A tradition of secular works of literature in the modern form of the language dates back to the 19th century.
Joe Petrali
"Smokey'" Joe Petrali (February 22, 1904 – November 10, 1973) was an American motorcycle racer, active in the 1920s and 1930s. Petrali was a Class A racing champion who competed in board-track and dirt-track racing circuits, speed records, and hillclimbs. Petrali won a record 49 American Motorcyclist Association national championship races, with his last coming on August 29, 1937.   The record stood for 55 years until broken by  Scott Parker in 1992.

American Motorcyclist Association
The American Motorcyclist Association (AMA) is an American nonprofit organization of more than 200,000 motorcyclists that organizes numerous motorcycling activities and campaigns for motorcyclists' legal rights. Its mission statement is "to promote the motorcycling lifestyle and protect the future of motorcycling." The organization was founded in 1924 and, as of October 2016, had more than 1,100 chartered clubs.

It provides guidance and advice on running events and rallies for clubs and promoters and allows affiliated members to vote on AMA matters. It also has a corporate membership category with representatives from the US motorcycle industry.

The AMA is the official national federation representative (FMN) for the United States of America in the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM) and organizes US teams and riders for FIM-sanctioned events, including the International Six Day Enduro, Motocross Des Nations, and Trials Des Nations.
Orlivka, Izmail Raion, Odesa Oblast
Orlivka (Ukrainian: Орлівка; Romanian: Cartal) is a village in Izmail Raion, Odesa Oblast, southern Ukraine. It belongs to Reni urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Until 18 July 2020, Orlivka belonged to Reni Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Odesa Oblast to seven. The area of Reni Raion was merged into Izmail Raion.

Odesa Oblast
Odesa Oblast (Ukrainian: Одеська область, romanized: Odeska oblast), also referred to as Odeshchyna (Одещина), is an oblast (province) of southwestern Ukraine, located along the northern coast of the Black Sea. Its administrative centre is the city of Odesa. Population: 2,351,382 (2022 estimate).

The length of coastline (sea-coast and estuaries) reaches 300 km (190 mi), while the state border stretches for 1,200 km (750 mi). The region has eight seaports and five of the biggest lakes, including Yalpuh Lake, in Ukraine. With over 80,000 ha (200,000 acres) of vineyards, it is also the largest wine-growing region in Ukraine.
PET117
PET117 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PET117 gene. Localized to mitochondria, this protein is a chaperone protein  involved in the assembly of mitochondrial Complex IV, or Cytochrome C Oxidase. Mutations in this gene can cause Complex IV deficiency with symptoms including medulla oblongata lesions and lactic acidosis.

Protein subcellular localization prediction
Protein subcellular localization prediction (or just protein localization prediction) involves the prediction of where a protein resides in a cell, its subcellular localization.

In general, prediction tools take as input information about a protein, such as a protein sequence of amino acids, and produce a predicted location within the cell as output, such as the nucleus, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, extracellular space, or other organelles. The aim is to build tools that can accurately predict the outcome of protein targeting in cells.

Prediction of protein subcellular localization is an important component of bioinformatics based prediction of protein function and genome annotation, and it can aid the identification of drug targets.
Winner and loser effects
The winner and loser effect is an aggression phenomenon in which the winner effect is the increased probability that an animal will win future aggressive interactions after experiencing previous wins, while the loser effect is the increased probability that an animal will lose future aggressive interactions after experiencing previous losses. Overall these effects can either increase or decrease an animal's aggressive behaviour, depending on what effect affects the species of concern. Animals such as Agkistrodon contortrix, Rivulus marmoratus, and Sula nebouxii show either both or one of these effects.

The outcomes of winner and loser effects help develop and structure hierarchies in nature and is used to support the game theory model of aggression.

Mangrove rivulus
The mangrove rivulus or mangrove killifish, Kryptolebias marmoratus (syn. Rivulus marmoratus), is a species of killifish in the family Rivulidae.  It lives in brackish and marine waters (less frequently in fresh water) along the coasts of Florida, through the Antilles, and along the eastern and northern Atlantic coasts of Mexico, Central America and South America (south to Brazil). It has a very wide tolerance of both salinity (0–68 ‰) and temperature (12–38 °C or 54–100 °F), can survive for about two months on land, and mostly breeds by self-fertilization. It is typically found in areas with red mangrove and sometimes lives in burrows of Cardisoma guanhumi crabs.

The mangrove rivulus is up to 7.5 cm (3.0 in) long, but most individuals are 1–3.8 cm (0.4–1.5 in).

Overall the mangrove rivulus is widespread and not threatened, but in the United States it is considered a Species of Concern by the National Marine Fisheries Service.
Franky Bossuyt
Franky Bossuyt is a Belgian herpetologist. Bossuyt is professor at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, where he leads the Amphibian Evolution Lab.

He described multiple frog taxa from South and Southeast Asia. His 2003 discovery of the purple frog Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis was called by Nature a “ once-in-a-century discovery”.

He is involved in research into the evolution of frogs.

In 2019 a frog species, the Mysticellus franki, was named in honor of him.

Purple frog
The purple frog (Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis), also known commonly as the Indian purple frog, the Mahabali frog, and the pignose frog, is a frog species in the family Nasikabatrachidae. The species is endemic to the Western Ghats in India. Although the adult frog was formally described in October 2003, the juvenile form of the species had been described earlier in 1917.
Oregon's 26th House district
District 26 of the Oregon House of Representatives is one of 60 House legislative districts in the state of Oregon. As of 2021, the boundary for the district contains portions of Clackamas and Washington counties. The district includes Wilsonville and Sherwood as well as parts of King City. Representative Courtney Neron Misslin left her office on May 9, 2025 to accept an appointment to the senate to finish out deceased Senator Aaron Woods's term. Sue Rieke Smith was appointed on June 7 to represent the district.

Courtney Neron Misslin
Courtney Brook Neron (née Misslin; born March 1979) is an American politician from Oregon. A Democrat, she represents Oregon's 13th Senate district in the Oregon Senate.  This district is located in northwestern Oregon and includes portions of Clackamas County, Washington County and Yamhill County.
Al Kefaf
Al Kefaf (Arabic: الكفاف) is a locality in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE).  Al Kefaf is located in western Dubai in Bur Dubai and is bordered to the north by Al Jafilia and Al Karama, to the south by Zabeel and to the east by Oud Metha.

Sheikh Zayed Road's Trade Centre Roundabout forms the southwestern border of Al Kefaf, while the Al Karama Interchange forms the southeastern border.  Zabeel Park covers much of Al Kefaf, while several prominent buildings are located along route D 88 (Trade Centre Road), which forms Al Kefaf's western periphery.  Etisalat Tower 2, one of Etisalat's many offices in Dubai, is located in Al Kefaf.

E 11 road (United Arab Emirates)
E 11 (Arabic: شارع ﺇ ١١) is a highway in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The longest road in the Emirates, it stretches from the Al Batha border crossing at the Saudi Arabia–UAE border in al-Silah in the al-Dhafra region of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi and ends at the Oman–UAE border crossing of al-Darah in al-Jeer, Emirate of Ras al-Khaimah, running roughly parallel to UAE's coastline along the Persian Gulf. The road forms the main artery in some emirates' main cities, where it assumes various alternate names —Sheikh Maktoum Bin Rashid Road and Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Road in Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Zayed Road in Dubai, Al Ittihad Road in Sharjah and Ajman, and Sheikh Muhammad bin Salem Road in Ras Al Khaimah. E 11 used to have the highest posted speed limit on Earth at 160 km/h, but was reduced to 140 km/h on April 14, 2025.
Talmoon, Minnesota
Talmoon is an unincorporated community in Itasca County, Minnesota, United States.

The community is located between Deer River and Big Falls at the junction of 
State Highways 6 (MN 6) and 286 (MN 286); and Itasca County Road 4 (CR 4).

Talmoon is located along the boundary line between Lake Jessie Township and Marcell Township.  Little Turtle Lake is in the vicinity.

The community is located within the Chippewa National Forest; and is home to the "oldest bar" in Minnesota, located at Hayslip's Corner.

Talmoon is located 19 miles north of Deer River.  Nearby places include Bowstring, Marcell, Spring Lake, Bigfork, and Effie.

Deer River, Minnesota
Deer River is a city in Itasca County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 909 at the 2020 census.

U.S. Highway 2 and Minnesota State Highways 6 and 46 are three of the main routes in the community.
1929 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The 1929 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 35th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.

On 8 December 1929, Mooncoin won the championship after a 5–01 to 3–03 defeat of first-time finalists Carrickshock in a final replay at Nowlan Park. It was their ninth championship title overall while they also became the first team to win three successive championships.

Nowlan Park
Nowlan Park (/ˈnoʊlən/; Páirc Uí Nualláin), known for sponsorship reasons as UPMC Nowlan Park, is the principal Gaelic Athletic Association stadium in Kilkenny, Ireland. Named after James Nowlan, the longest serving President of the GAA, the stadium hosts major hurling matches and is home to the Kilkenny hurling team. It opened in 1927, replacing St. James Park.
Cutout animation
Cutout animation is a form of stop-motion animation using flat characters, props and backgrounds cut from materials such as paper, card, stiff fabric or photographs. The props would be cut out and used as puppets for stop motion. The world's earliest known animated feature films were cutout animations (made in Argentina by Quirino Cristiani), as is the world's earliest surviving animated feature Die Abenteuer des Prinzen Achmed (1926) by Lotte Reiniger.

Photograph
A photograph (also known as a photo, or more generically referred to as an image or picture) is an image created by light falling on a photosensitive surface, usually photographic film or an electronic image sensor. The process and practice of creating such images is called photography.

Photographs are now created using a smartphone or camera, which uses a lens to focus the scene's visible wavelengths of light into a reproduction of what the human eye would perceive.