hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
British NVC community W4
NVC community W4 is one of the woodland communities in the British National Vegetation Classification system, characterised by a canopy of downy birch over a field layer of purple moor-grass or other calcifugous herbs on a peaty substrate. It usually forms as a secondary woodland over partially drained bogs or wet heaths.

Calcifuge
A calcifuge is a plant that does not tolerate alkaline (basic) soil.  The word is derived from the Latin 'to flee from chalk'. These plants are also described as ericaceous, as the prototypical calcifuge is the genus Erica (heaths). It is not the presence of carbonate or hydroxide ions per se that these plants cannot tolerate, but the fact that under alkaline conditions, iron becomes less soluble. Consequently, calcifuges grown on alkaline soils often develop the symptoms of iron deficiency, i.e. interveinal chlorosis of new growth. There are many horticultural plants which are calcifuges, most of which require an 'ericaceous' compost with a low pH, composed principally of Sphagnum moss peat. Alternatively sulphur chips may be used to lower soil pH.

A plant that thrives in lime-rich soils is known as a calcicole.
West Indies Campaign Medal
The West Indies Campaign Medal was a United States military medal of the Navy and Marine Corps issued for service in the West Indies campaign theater of the Spanish–American War. The medal was established on 27 June 1908 and the first recipient of the award was Rear Admiral John E. Pillsbury.

Awards and decorations of the United States Armed Forces
Various medals, service ribbons, ribbon devices, and specific badges recognize military service and personal accomplishments of members of the U.S. Armed Forces. Such awards are a means to outwardly display the highlights of a service member's career.
Ryan Thomson (footballer, born 1982)
Ryan Thomson (born 16 September 1982 in Greenock) is a former professional Scottish footballer.

Thomson began his career in 2000 in the Canadian Professional Soccer League with London City. Midway through the season he received a tryout and secured a contract with Greenock Morton F.C. in the Scottish First Division.

While at HNK Hajduk Split, Thomson failed to make an appearance in the Prva HNL, the top tier of Croatian football, but did however play several matches in the Croatian Cup and in European matches.

Thomson made one appearance for Rot-Weiss Essen in the 2. Bundesliga during the 2004–05 season, as a substitute for Daniel Teixeira in a 0–0 draw with Rot-Weiß Erfurt.

Rot-Weiss Essen
Rot-Weiss Essen is a German association football club based in Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia. The club plays in the 3. Liga, at the Stadion an der Hafenstraße.

The team won the DFB-Pokal in 1953, and the German championship in 1955. The latter success qualified them to the first season of the European Cup.
Global Shares
Global Shares (J.P. Morgan Workplace Solutions) is a fintech company headquartered in Clonakilty, Ireland, managing employee equity plans for startups, tech companies and enterprise brands.

Its platform provides equity management and administration solutions to corporate clients and their employees. The company is regulated under MiFID and FINRA with around 650 staff members and 18 offices in the US, the UK, Germany, Spain, Portugal, Malta, Saudi Arabia, Hong Kong, Japan and China.

The company was listed in the top 30 medium-sized Best Workplaces in Ireland in 2021 (rank 17) and 2022 (rank 25)

In March 2022, JPMorgan Chase agreed to acquire Global Shares, with the acquisition closing in August 2022.

Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) is a private American corporation that acts as a self-regulatory organization (SRO) that regulates member brokerage firms and exchange markets. FINRA is the successor to the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (NASD) as well as to the member regulation, enforcement, and arbitration operations of the New York Stock Exchange.

The United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is the federal government agency that serves as the ultimate regulator of the United States securities industry, including oversight of FINRA.
Capital punishment in Somalia
Capital punishment is a legal criminal penalty in Somalia, a nation in East Africa. Legally sanctioned executions of the death penalty in Somalia are carried out by shooting, in accordance with the 1962 Somali Penal Code and the Military Penal Code. Sharia and Islamic tribunals are recognised in Somalia in parallel with the civil law: these would have the authority to order execution by other means, such as beheading and stoning. Since at least the start of the 21st century, all executions by such methods have been applied ad-hoc, without official sanction, by non-state insurgent militias, in the context of an unstable government, and the ongoing civil war in the country. A number of these extrajudicial executions have violated sharia legal principles and appear to have a conflict-related tactical aim of inciting fear amongst civilians. Both officially sanctioned and extrajudicial executions by firing squad often occur in public.

Execution by firing squad
Execution by firing squad, historically called fusillading (from the French fusil, rifle), is a method of capital punishment, particularly common in the military and in times of war. Some reasons for its use are that firearms are usually readily available and a gunshot to a vital organ, such as the brain or heart, most often will kill relatively quickly.
Anegpur
Anegpur is a village of Bhadohi district (formerly known as Sant Ravidas Nagar district) in the state of Uttar Pradesh in northern India. It comes under Bhadohi Lok Sabha constituency. Anegpur is a carpet manufacturing village in Bhadohi. It is known for its hand-knotted carpet and Indo Gabbeh.

Bhadohi district
Bhadohi district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. It is also referred to as Sant Ravidas Nagar. It is the smallest district by area in the state of Uttar Pradesh which was created on June 30, 1994 by dividing western part of the district Varanasi. It is surrounded by Varanasi district on east, Prayagraj district on west, Jaunpur north and Mirzapur district in south. The state capital Lucknow is distanced at 234 KM from Bhadohi. Its district headquarters is situated in the city of Gyanpur. The district is popularly known for carpet weaving as it is one of largest centres of Carpet Industries in India and therefore it also  known as the 'Carpet City of India'. Carpets of Bhadohi have 'Geographical Indication' tag attached to it. Bhadohi has huge geographical significance and position attached to it due to its location between two culturally important and rich heritage cities of Prayagraj and Varanasi.
Aeronaves de Puerto Rico
Aeronaves de Puerto Rico was a short-lived Puerto Rican airline company which operated from November 1982 to 1983. The airline was  initially  certified to fly between Rafael Hernandez Airport in Aguadilla and the United States city of Newark, New Jersey. Later on,  flights were begun from Luis Munoz Marin International Airport in San Juan to John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York, New York, using a Boeing 707 jet.

The airline's trademark,  consisting of a local coqui frog inside a circle, was first filed on November 10, 1982.

An unsuccessful attempt at reviving Aeronaves  with the slightly changed name of "Aeronaves de P.R." was made during 2003, and the airline has not been revived since.

Aguadilla, Puerto Rico
Aguadilla (Spanish pronunciation: [aɣwaˈðiʝa], locally [awaˈðiʝa]), founded in 1775 by Luis de Córdova, is a city and municipality located in the northwestern tip of Puerto Rico, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, north of Aguada, and Moca and west of Isabela. Aguadilla is spread over 15 barrios and Aguadilla Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is a principal city and core of the Aguadilla-Isabela-San Sebastián Metropolitan Statistical Area. This region was already inhabited and known as Aguadilla before 1770. Nevertheless, according to Dr. Agustín Stahl in his Foundation of Aguadilla, it was not until 1780 that the town was officially founded. The construction of a new church and the proceedings to become an independent village began in 1775.
Saskatchewan Highway 937
Highway 937 is a provincial highway in the north-west region of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from Highway 921 / Highway 939 westward until it downgrades to a local road near a bridge over a tributary of the Randall River. It is about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) long.

Numbered highways in Canada
Numbered highways in Canada are split by province, and a majority are maintained by their province or territory transportation department. With few exceptions, all highways in Canada are numbered. Nonetheless, every province has a number of highways that are better known locally by their name rather than their number. Some highways have additional letters added to their number: A is typically an alternate route, B is typically a business route, and other letters are used for bypass (truck) routes, connector routes, scenic routes, and spur routes. The territory of Nunavut has no highways.
GJG
The GJG was an American automobile manufactured from 1909 to 1914 by George John Grossman in White Plains, New York. It was assembled from imported components, which included a "Renault-type" 26 hp or 40 hp four-cylinder engine. The smaller-engined car was called the Junior, and the larger the Senior. The latter was available with either "Cruiser Torpedo", "Carryall" or "Pirate Runabout" bodywork.

Grossman closed the company in 1914 as he said it was no longer making money.

Runabout (car)
A runabout is a car body style popular in the 1910s, based on the horse-drawn runabout carriage.

It was popular in North America from 1900 to about 1915. It was a light, basic style with no windshield, top, or doors and a single row of seats. Runabouts eventually became indistinguishable from roadsters and the term fell out of use in the United States. The approach has evolved into the modern "city car".
Paul Blanchard
Paul Harwood Blanchard (24 December 1923 in Cleveland, Ohio – 22 June 2011 in Chinnor, Oxfordshire, UK) was one of the early flying instructors of the Cambridge University Gliding Club (1947–49) and author of Elementary Gliding – A Pupil's Manual.

Blanchard graduated in Natural Sciences from St John's College in 1948, becoming Chief Flying Instructor (CFI) in his third undergraduate year.

Natural Sciences Tripos
The Natural Sciences Tripos is the framework within which most of the science at the University of Cambridge is taught. The tripos includes a wide range of natural sciences from physics, astronomy, and geoscience, to chemistry and biology, which are taught alongside the history and philosophy of science. The tripos covers several courses which form the University of Cambridge system of Tripos. It is known for its broad range of study in the first year, in which students cannot study just one discipline, but instead must choose three courses in different areas of the natural sciences and one in mathematics.  As is traditional at Cambridge, the degree awarded after Part II (three years of study) is a Bachelor of Arts (BA). A Master of Natural Sciences degree (MSci) is available to those who take the optional Part III (one further year). It was started in the 19th century.
Te Uri o Uenukukōpako
Te Uri o Uenukukōpako is a Māori iwi of the Te Arawa confederation in the Bay of Plenty of New Zealand.

Chief Uenukukōpako was a great-great-great-great grandson of Tamatekapua, captain of the Arawa canoe. His kurī dog was killed by Mataaho and Kawaarero, which was part of a long war in the Rotorua district. Uenukukōpako and his relative Rangiteaorere did eventually win the war and secured the settlement of the region for their descendants. Uenukukōpako's descendants (Te Uri o Uenukukōpako / Ngāti Whakaue) occupied Mokoia Island and the north-west side of Lake Rotorua.

Te Arawa FM is the radio station of Te Arawa iwi. It was established in the early 1980s and became a charitable entity in November 1990. It is available on 89.0 FM in Rotorua.

Arawa (canoe)
Arawa was one of the great ocean-going, voyaging canoes in Māori traditions that was used in the migrations that settled New Zealand. The Te Arawa confederation of Māori iwi and hapū based around the Rotorua Lakes and Bay of Plenty, as well as Ngāti Tūwharetoa, which is based around Lake Taupō, trace their ancestry from the people of this canoe.
John Barrow Island
John Barrow Island is a member of the Queen Elizabeth Islands and the Arctic Archipelago in the territory of Nunavut. 
It is an elongated island located midway in the Penny Strait between Bathurst Island and Devon Island.

It is named in honour of Sir John Barrow, 1st Baronet, Permanent Secretary to British prime minister Lord (Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey).

Queen Elizabeth Islands
The Queen Elizabeth Islands (French: Îles de la Reine-Élisabeth) are the northernmost cluster of islands in Canada's Arctic Archipelago, split between Nunavut and the Northwest Territories in Northern Canada. The Queen Elizabeth Islands contain approximately 14% of the global glacier and ice cap area (excluding the inland and shelf ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica). The southern islands are called the Parry Islands or Parry Archipelago.
Super C (freight train)
The Super C was an American high-speed intermodal freight train on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway from 1968 to 1976. Dubbed the "World's Fastest Freight Train," the all-TOFC (trailer-on-flatcar, or "piggyback") and COFC (container-on-flatcar) train ran about 2,200 miles (3,500 km) between Chicago, Illinois and Los Angeles, California on a 40-hour schedule.

Freight train
A freight train, goods train, or cargo train, is a railway train that is used to carry cargo, as opposed to passengers. Freight trains are made up of one or more locomotives which provide propulsion, along with one or more railroad cars (also known as wagons) which carry freight. A wide variety of cargoes are carried on trains, but the low friction inherent to rail transport means that freight trains are especially suited to carrying bulk and heavy loads over longer distances.
Human rights in Finland
Human rights in Finland are freedom of speech, religion, association, and assembly as upheld in law and in practice. Individuals are guaranteed basic rights under the constitution, by legislative acts, and in treaties relating to human rights ratified by the Finnish government. The constitution provides for an independent judiciary.

Finland has been ranked far above average among the world's countries in democracy, press freedom, and human development.

Amnesty International has expressed concern regarding some issues in Finland, such as alleged permitting of stopovers of CIA rendition flights, the imprisonment of objectors to military service, and societal discrimination against Romani people and members of other ethnic and linguistic minorities.

Fundamental rights
Fundamental rights are a group of rights that have been recognized by a high degree of protection from encroachment. These rights are specifically identified in a constitution, or have been found under due process of law. The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 17, established in 2015, underscores the link between promoting human rights and sustaining peace.
Oark High School
Oark High School is a comprehensive public high school serving students in grades 7 through 12 in the rural community of Oark, Arkansas, United States. It is one of four public high schools in Johnson County. With fewer than 75 students in the 2012–13 school year, it is the smallest of the three high schools administered by the Jasper School District and one of the smallest in the state.

It was previously a part of the Oark School District. On July 1, 2004, the Oark district, along with the Kingston School District, merged into the Jasper district.

Johnson County, Arkansas
Johnson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,749. The county seat is Clarksville. Johnson County is Arkansas's 30th county, formed on November 16, 1833, from a portion of Pope County and named for Benjamin Johnson, a Territorial Judge. It is an alcohol prohibition or dry county.
Bright Middleton Mends
Bright Middleton Mends is a Ghanaian football player who last played as a forward for United SC. He was awarded the  most promising player for New Edubiase United in the Ghana Premier League. He later moved on to sign for Aizawl F.C. in 2016.

Aizawl FC
Aizawl Football Club is an Indian professional football club based in Aizawl, Mizoram. The club competes in the Indian Football League, the second tier of Indian football league system. Founded in 1984, Aizawl earned entry in I-League in 2015–16 season, after winning the 2015 I-League 2.

Nicknamed "the people's club", it became first club from the Northeast to win a top flight Indian football league. They also participate in Mizoram Premier League. Aizawl also went on to compete in continental stages, while the club appeared in 2017 edition of AFC Cup.
Tempo (Turkish magazine)
Tempo was a monthly lifestyle published in Istanbul, Turkey. The magazine was established on 6 December 1987. The founder was Mehmet Y. Yılmaz, a Turkish journalist. It featured politics, life, health, society, and entertainment. The magazine was owned and published by Doğan Media Group. It was published on a weekly basis until 2009 when its frequency was changed to monthly. The same year it was also redesigned as a lifestyle magazine.

Regular contributors included Umberto Eco, Murat Belge and Susan Miller. In late 2016 Tempo ceased publication due to financial reasons.

Doğan Holding
Doğan Şirketler Grubu Holding A.Ş. or simply Doğan Holding, is a Turkish holding company based in Istanbul. Founded by Aydın Doğan in 1959, established its first company in the automotive sector in 1961, and was reorganized as a holding company in 1980. Today, Doğan Holding operates across multiple industries, including Electricity generation, energy, iron and steel industry, mining, automotive, finance, investment, real estate, and entertainment sectors.
Jim Booker
Jim Booker (February 1872 – February 5, 1940) was an African-American hoedown fiddler from Jessamine County, Kentucky. His 1927 recordings with Taylor's Kentucky Boys and The Booker Orchestra are thought to be the first racially integrated recording session in America.

Jessamine County, Kentucky
Jessamine County (/ˈdʒɛsəmɪn/) is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 52,991. Its county seat is Nicholasville. The county was founded in December 1798. Jessamine County is part of the Lexington-Fayette, KY Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is within the Inner Blue Grass region, long a center of farming and thoroughbred horse breeding. The legislature established a commercial wine industry here in the late 18th century.
Étienne Baudet
Étienne Baudet, an eminent French engraver, was born at Vineuil, in the County of Blois, about 1636. He was a pupil of Sébastien Bourdon and Cornelis Bloemaert, and afterwards went to Rome, and appears to have adopted the manner of Cornelis Bloemaert in his earliest plates, which are executed entirely with the graver. He afterwards on his return to Paris altered his manner, and calling in the assistance of the point, he executed his best prints, which bear a strong resemblance to the manner of Jean Baptiste Poilly. He made an excellent choice in the subjects of his plates, which are from the works of some of the most distinguished masters of Italy and France. He was a member of the Royal Academy of Paris, in which city he died in 1711.

Sébastien Bourdon
Sébastien Bourdon (French pronunciation: [sebastjɛ̃ buʁdɔ̃]; 2 February 1616 – 8 May 1671) was a French painter and engraver. His chef d'œuvre is The Crucifixion of St. Peter made for the cathedral of Notre Dame.
Armada Arndale
Armada Arndale, previously known as Centro Arndale and Arndale Central, is a shopping centre  located in the suburb of Kilkenny, South Australia and is managed by Armada Funds Management. It was previously managed by Vicinity Centres and Westfield. It is located at the intersection of Torrens, Hanson and Regency roads. There are approximately 95 retailers including Harris Scarfe, Big W, Woolworths, Romeos Foodland, Aldi, and Hoyts with 1,916 parking spaces.

Hoyts
The Hoyts Group of companies in Australia and New Zealand includes Hoyts Cinemas, a cinema chain, and Val Morgan, which sells advertising on cinema screens and digital billboards.

The company was established by dentist Arthur Russell in Melbourne, Victoria in 1908, showing films in a hired hall. After expansion into other states and several changes of ownership, the majority of Hoyts was acquired by a Chinese conglomerate, the Wanda Group, in 2015. As of 2022, Hoyts owned 46 multiplexes housing 412 screens, making it Australia's second largest movie exhibitor after Event Cinemas.
Jaman Shah
Jaman Shah is a small town in Layyah District in Punjab, Pakistan. It lies at 30°52'16.5"N 70°56'20.1"E, 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) south of Layyah city. The area consists of a semi-rectangular block of sandy land between the Indus and Chenab rivers in Sindh Sagar Doab. It is within the recently established civil division of Dera Ghazi Khan. Here the founder of Jaico Publishing House, Jaman Ali Khan ('Gilani') was born to a simple Sayed Muslim family of Arab ancestry which originated from Ha'il and Loralai Agency.

Dera Ghazi Khan
Dera Ghazi Khan, abbreviated as D. G. Khan, is a city in the southwestern part of Punjab, Pakistan. It is the 16th most-populous city in Punjab and the 23rd in Pakistan, as of 2023. Lying west of the Indus River in the region of Derajat, it serves as the headquarters of its eponymous district and division.
Fredrik Carl Størmer
Fredrik Carl Størmer (born 12 July 1957) is a jazz drummer and entrepreneur based in Oslo, Norway and is named after his great grandfather the Norwegian mathematician. Based on his music and business experience, he has developed the JazzCode – a term describing the guiding principles used by jazz musicians in particular and professional teams in general to create a successful performance. The JazzCode applies to small teams having to manage complexity and rapid change. It is also relevant to organizations change cultures in order to adapt to rapidly changing contexts.  Størmer has also developed a method to improve how small teams manage complex problems in thinking, reading and writing and his class is used by consultants, analysts, project managers and top teams in several Norwegian companies.

Klaxons
Klaxons were an English rock band based in London. Following the release of several 7-inch singles on different independent record labels, as well as the success of previous singles "Magick" and "Golden Skans", the band released their debut album, Myths of the Near Future on 29 January 2007. The album won the 2007 Nationwide Mercury Prize. After playing festivals and headlining tours worldwide (including the NME Indie Rave Tour) during late 2006–07, the band started working on their follow-up album in July 2007. Klaxons' second album, Surfing the Void, was released on 23 August 2010. Their third album, Love Frequency, was released on 16 June 2014. The band has been on indefinite hiatus since 2015.