hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Merve Tanıl
Merve Tanıl (born February 22, 1990, in Ankara) is a Turkish volleyball player. She is 180 cm and plays as setter. She played for |İBA Kimya TED Ankara Kolejliler before she was transferred by Yeşilyurtspor for the 2013-14 season. She also played for Vakıfbank Güneş Sigorta, Fenerbahçe Acıbadem and Ereğli Belediye in the past. She studied at Bahçeşehir University in Istanbul.

With Fenerbahçe Acıbadem, she won the Turkish Super Cup, Teledünya Turkish Cup, Turkish Women's Volleyball League and became runner-up at 2009–10 CEV Women's Champions League.

VakıfBank S.K.
VakıfBank Sports Club (Turkish: VakıfBank Spor Kulübü) is a Turkish professional volleyball club based in Istanbul, Turkey. Founded in 1986, VakıfBank SK is currently one of the best women's volleyball teams in the world, having won the FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship a record four times and the European Champions League six times to date.

From 23 October 2012 to 22 January 2014, the team held a 73-game winning streak in all official domestic and international competitions, which was acknowledged as a world record by Guinness World Records. The club won all 52 official games played during the 2012–13 season and all 51 official games played in 2013. VakıfBank collected all five championship trophies unbeaten in the 2012–13 season, being the only club in volleyball history to have achieved this unparalleled feat.
Nelk
Nelk (stylized as NELK), also referred to as the Nelk Boys, is a Canadian–American YouTube channel and entertainment company. Known for their prank videos, vlogs, and their brand Full Send Entertainment, they have also begun promoting right-wing political causes. A Canadian outlet has referred to the group's founders, Kyle Forgeard and Jesse Sebastiani, as "two of the most recognizable personalities for young people in North America".

Practical joke
A practical joke or prank is a trick played on people, generally causing the victim to experience embarrassment, perplexity, confusion, discomfort, or irritation. The perpetrator of a practical joke is called a "practical joker" or "prankster". Other terms for practical jokes include gag,  rib, jape, shenanigan, and troll. Some countries in western nations make it tradition to carry out pranks on April Fools' Day and Mischief Night.
Judaeo-Aragonese
Judaeo-Aragonese (Aragonese: Chodigo-Aragonés) was a Judaeo-Romance language, a Jewish language that was derived from Aragonese. It was used by Spanish Jews in north-central Spain from the mid-8th century to the 1492 Alhambra Decree, which expelled Jews from Spain. Later, it either merged with the various Judaeo-Spanish dialects or fell out of use because of the far more influential Judaeo-Spanish.

While there are some scholars that believe that the language may have had some speakers until the Second World War, most scholars believe that it died out in the Middle Ages.

Along with Judaeo-Catalan, Judaeo-Aragonese shares a marked component of Judaeo-Greek. It has been suggested that Judaeo-Catalan's influence on Judaeo-Aragonese was because of the influx of Judaeo-Catalan-speakers in the 14th century, especially after the 1391 pogroms.

Spanish and Portuguese Jews
Spanish and Portuguese Jews, also called Western Sephardim, Iberian Jews, or Peninsular Jews, are a distinctive sub-group of Sephardic Jews who are largely descended from Jews who lived as New Christians in the Iberian Peninsula during the few centuries following the forced expulsion of unconverted Jews from Spain in 1492 and from Portugal in 1497. They should therefore be distinguished both from the descendants of those expelled in 1492 and from the present-day Jewish communities of Spain and Portugal.

The main present-day communities of Spanish and Portuguese Jews exist in the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada, and several other Jewish communities in the Americas have Spanish and Portuguese Jewish roots though they no longer follow the distinctive customs of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews.
Van der Hum
Van der Hum (31 July 1971 – 27 July 2001) was a New Zealand thoroughbred racehorse, who won the 1976 Melbourne Cup when ridden by Bob Skelton.

He was sired by the versatile stayer and sire of the winners of over $2m, Hermes (GB), his dam Tip O'Dawn was by the good sire Count Rendered (GB).

Caulfield Cup
The Caulfield Cup is a Melbourne Racing Club Group 1 Thoroughbred horse race held under handicap conditions. 
This is for all horses aged three years old and older. It takes place over a distance of 2400 metres at the Caulfield Racecourse, Melbourne, Australia in mid October. The prize money is A$5,000,000.
Fazl, Nishapur County
Fazl (Persian: فضل, also Romanized as Faz̤l) is a village in Darbqazi Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 27, in 6 families.

Nishapur County
Nishapur County (Persian: شهرستان نیشاپور) is in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Nishapur, the second largest city in the province and the third largest city in Eastern Iran.
Phyllonorycter joannisi
Phyllonorycter joannisi is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found in most of Europe (except Ireland, the Iberian Peninsula and the Balkan Peninsula).

The wingspan is 6.5–9 mm. Adults are on wing in May and August in two generations.

The larvae feed on Norway maple (Acer platanoides), mining the leaves of their host plant.

Gracillariidae
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.
Marie Catherine Vasa
Marie Catherine Vasa (c. 1670 – after 12 December 1672), was a Polish noblewoman, and the legitimized daughter of the former King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, John Casimir Vasa, and his mistress and later morganatic wife, Claudine Françoise Mignot.

Legitimation
Legitimation, legitimization (US), or legitimisation (UK) is the act of providing legitimacy.  Legitimation in the social sciences refers to the process whereby an act, process, or ideology becomes legitimate by its attachment to norms and values within a given society. It is the process of making something acceptable and normative to a group or audience.

Legitimate power is the right to exercise control over others by virtue of the authority of one's superior organizational position or status.
National Union of South African Students
The National Union of South African Students (NUSAS) was an important force for liberalism and later radicalism in South African student anti-apartheid politics. Its mottos included non-racialism and non-sexism.

Demographics of South Africa
According to the 2022 census, the population of South Africa is about 62 million people of diverse origins, cultures, languages, and religions, with a majority being Black Africans. The South African National Census of 2022 was the most recent census held; the next will be in 2032.

In 2011, Statistics South Africa counted 2.1 million foreigners in total. Reports suggest that is an underestimation. The real figure may be as high as five million, including some three million Zimbabweans.
Inger Eriksdotter
Inger Eriksdotter (also Inga, Inge)  (ca. 1100–1157) was the wife of Asser Rig, tribal chief of Zealand (Sjælland) in today's Denmark.

Inger's father is said to have been Earl Eric. Her mother was Princess Cecilia Knutsdatter (daughter of Canute IV of Denmark and Adela of Flanders).

Inger and Asser resided at Fjenneslevlille and built Fjenneslev Kirke. With him, she bore three children: Absalon, future Archbishop of Lund, Esbern Snare and Ingefred Assersdatter.

Inger was buried in Sorø Klosterkirke in approximately 1157.

Tribal chief
A tribal chief, chieftain, or headman is a political leader of a social group commonly described as a tribe, band, or confederation of tribes. Chiefs’ authority varies widely by society and context, and in many cases depends on consensus and customary legitimacy rather than coercive power. In anthropology, terms such as tribe, chief, and chiefdom have been used in comparative models of sociopolitical organization, but the analytic use of tribe has also been widely criticized as imprecise and historically burdened. In some contemporary states, forms of chiefly authority are formally recognized or regulated by constitutions and statutes.
Cora aspera
Cora aspera is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in Central and South America, it was formally described as a new species in 2013 by Karina Wilk, Robert Lücking, and Eduardo Morales. The type specimen was collected in the Siberia region near La Palma (Caballero, Santa Cruz, Bolivia) at an altitude of 2,582 m (8,471 ft). Here, in a Yungas cloud forest, it grows as an epiphyte on bark. The specific epithet alludes to the roughened texture of the thallus surface, especially under dry conditions. The lichen has been recorded from Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Peru, and it grows on twigs and branches in montane rainforest and páramo vegetation.

Santa Cruz Department
Santa Cruz (Spanish pronunciation: [ˌsanta ˈkɾus]) is the largest of the nine constituent departments of Bolivia, occupying about one-third (33.74%) of the country's territory. With an area of 370,621 km2 (143,098 sq mi), it is slightly smaller than Japan or the US state of Montana. It is located in the eastern part of the country, sharing borders in the north and east with Brazil and with Paraguay in the south.

In the 2024 census, it had an estimated population of 3.1 million, making it the most populated department. Its capital city is Santa Cruz de la Sierra. The department is one of the wealthiest departments in Bolivia, with huge reserves of natural gas. Besides, it has experienced the highest increase of economic growth during the last 50 years in Bolivia and South America.
Jimmy Smith (footballer, born 1901)
James McQueen Anderson Smith (28 November 1901 – 9 April 1964) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper for Rosyth Juniors, Rosyth Recreation, East Fife, Tottenham Hotspur, St Johnstone, Norwich City and Ayr United.

Ayr United F.C.
Ayr United Football Club are a football club in Ayr, Scotland, who play in the Scottish Championship, the second tier of the Scottish Professional Football League. Formed in 1910 by the merger of Ayr Parkhouse and Ayr F.C., their nickname is The Honest Men, from a line in the Robert Burns poem "Tam o' Shanter". They play at Somerset Park.

The club is currently managed by Scott Brown. The club have spent 34 seasons in Scotland's top division, the last being 1977–78, and have been the champions of the second tier of Scottish football on six occasions, and of the third tier on three occasions. The club's most successful manager, Ally MacLeod, went on to manage the Scotland national team. In 2018, Ayr United secured promotion to the Scottish Championship as champions of League One.
Petite rivière du Monument
The Petite rivière du Monument (in English: little rivere of Monument) flows in the municipality of Saint-Théophile, in the Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Chaudière-Appalaches, in Quebec, in Canada.

Chaudière-Appalaches
Chaudière-Appalaches (French: [ʃodjɛʁ apalaʃ], Quebec French: [ʃoˈd͡zjaɛ̯ʁ apaˈlaʃ]) is an administrative region in Quebec, Canada. It comprises most of what is historically known as the "Beauce" (French: La Beauce; compare with the electoral district of Beauce). It is named for the Chaudière River and the Appalachian Mountains. Chaudière-Appalaches has over 50% of sugar maples in Quebec, thus producing the most maple syrup in Canada as well as the World.

Chaudière-Appalaches has a population of 433,312 residents (as of the Canada 2021 Census) and a land area of 15,071.51 square kilometres (5,819.14 sq mi). The main cities are Lévis, Saint-Georges, Thetford Mines, Sainte-Marie and Montmagny.
Unreformed House of Commons
The "unreformed House of Commons" is a name given to the House of Commons of Great Britain (after 1800 the House of Commons of the United Kingdom) before it was reformed by the Reform Act 1832, the Irish Reform Act 1832, and the Scottish Reform Act 1832.

Until the Act of Union of 1707, which united the Kingdoms of Scotland and England to form Great Britain, Scotland had its own Parliament, and the term can be used to refer to the House of Commons of England (which included representatives from Wales from the 16th century). From 1707 to 1801 the term refers to the House of Commons of Great Britain. Until the Act of Union of 1800 joining the Kingdom of Ireland to Great Britain (to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland), Ireland also had its own Parliament. From 1801 to 1832, therefore, the term refers to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.

Yorkshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Yorkshire was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England from 1290, then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832. It was represented by two Members of Parliament, traditionally known as Knights of the Shire, until 1826, when the county benefited from the disfranchisement of Grampound by taking an additional two members.

The constituency was split into its three historic ridings, for Parliamentary purposes, under the Reform Act 1832. Each riding returned two MPs. The county was then represented by the Yorkshire East Riding, Yorkshire North Riding and Yorkshire West Riding constituencies.
Segregated portfolio company
A segregated portfolio company (or SPC), sometimes referred to as a protected cell company, is a company which segregates the assets and liabilities of different classes (or sometimes series) of shares from each other and from the general assets of the SPC.

Segregated portfolio assets comprise assets representing share capital, retained earnings, capital reserves, share premiums and all other assets attributable to or held within the segregated portfolio.

Share (finance)
A share (sometimes someone can refer to as stock or equity) is a unit of equity ownership in the capital stock of a corporation. It can refer to units of mutual funds, limited partnerships, and real estate investment trusts. Share capital refers to all of the shares of an enterprise. The owner of shares in a company is a shareholder (or stockholder) of the corporation. A share expresses the ownership relationship between the company and the shareholder. The denominated value of a share is its face value, and the total of the face value of issued shares represent the capital of a company, which may not reflect the market value of those shares.

The income received from the ownership of shares is a dividend. There are different types of shares such as equity shares, preference shares, deferred shares, redeemable shares, bonus shares, right shares, and employee stock option plan shares.
Hotel Bel-Air
The Hotel Bel-Air is a boutique hotel located in Bel-Air, Los Angeles, California. The hotel is one of the nine luxury hotels operated by the Dorchester Collection, which is owned by the Brunei Investment Agency (BIA). The hotel has a total of 103 rooms, 45 of which are suites. The Bel-Air hotel has an overall old Hollywood style and is surrounded by 12 acres (4.9 ha) of gardens in the Bel-Air Estates neighborhood.

Located just outside Beverly Hills and Westwood, Hotel Bel-Air has regularly housed notable guests and celebrities including Elizabeth Taylor, Robert Wagner, Judy Garland, Bette Davis, Lauren Bacall, Paul Newman, Robert Redford, Jimmy Stewart, Audrey Hepburn and Grace Kelly, who frequented the hotel so regularly she had a suite named after her. Hotel Bel-Air was also the setting for Marilyn Monroe's last Vogue magazine shoot, six weeks before her death.

Brunei Investment Agency
Brunei Investment Agency (BIA) is the sovereign wealth fund of Brunei, established in 1983 to manage the country's external reserves and diversify its economy. It is one of the most secretive investment entities globally, reporting directly to the Ministry of Finance and Economy.
Australophile
An Australophile (or Ozophile) is someone with an appreciation or love of Australia, which may include its history, geography, language (especially Australian English), culture and popular media. While Australians may be classified as Australophiles because of nationalism or patriotism, non-Australians may also self-identify or be considered as Australophiles. The rise of Australophilia can be linked to the emergence of Australian films and tourism campaigns in the United States throughout the 1980s.

The antonym for an Australophile is an Australophobe.

Cinema of Australia
The cinema of Australia began with the 1906 production of The Story of the Kelly Gang, arguably the world's first feature film. Since then, Australian crews have produced many films, a number of which have received international recognition. Many actors and filmmakers with international reputations started their careers in Australian films, and many of these have established lucrative careers in larger film-producing centres such as the US and the UK.

Commercially successful Australian films include Crocodile Dundee, George Miller's Mad Max trilogy, Baz Luhrmann's Moulin Rouge!, and Chris Noonan's Babe. Award-winning productions include Picnic at Hanging Rock, Gallipoli, The Tracker, Shine and Ten Canoes.
William Clarke (cricketer, born 1846)
William Benjamin Clarke (5 November 1846 – 18 August 1902) was an English cricketer.  He was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast.

He and his wife Hannah had two daughters Alice and Amelia and two sons William and Charles (who played three times for Sussex in 1902). Clarke died in Hyson Green, Nottingham in 1902 aged 55.

Seam bowling
Seam bowling is a bowling technique in cricket, in which the ball is deliberately bowled to hit the ground on its seam, to cause a random deviation when it bounces. A bowler who uses this technique is called a seam bowler or seamer.

Seam bowling is a form of fast bowling, although seam can also be a factor in medium-pace bowling. Although there are specialist seamers that make deliberate use of off cutter and leg cutter at the expense of bowling slower than regular fast bowlers, most bowlers employ the seam to some effect and so the terms "seamer" and "fast bowler" are largely synonymous. This was far less the case in the past, even the recent past. Bowlers such as Tom Cartwright and Derek Shackleton bowled seamers at a pace in the low 70mphs and were very successful due to their mastery of control and variation.
David Hanly
David Hanly (1944 – 21 November 2025) was an Irish writer and broadcaster. He was a co-presenter of RTÉ Radio 1's Morning Ireland from its launch in 1984 until his retirement in 2002. He won a Jacob's Award in 1985. His television show Hanly's People featured in-depth interviews with people such as Seán Boylan and David Norris. In 1995, he secured the first interview with Seamus Heaney after he won the Nobel Prize for Literature.

Hanly was born in 1944. As a writer, he wrote for serial dramas The Kennedys of Castleross, and The Riordans. His novel In Guilt and in Glory was first published in 1979.

In 2001, Hanly campaigned for the establishment of an arts centre on Arthur's Quay, Limerick city.

David's brother Mick is a singer-songwriter known for "Past the Point of Rescue", and the brothers sometimes performed together.

Hanly died on 21 November 2025, at the age of 81.

Past the Point of Rescue (song)
"Past the Point of Rescue" is a song written by Mick Hanly, and covered by American country music artist Hal Ketchum.  It was released in February 1992 as the third single and title track from Ketchum's album Past the Point of Rescue. It was written by Mick Hanly (of Moving Hearts) and had originally been recorded by Mary Black who had a hit with it in Ireland in 1988 and included it on her album No Frontiers. Ketchum's version of the song reached No. 2 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in May 1992 and No. 1 on the RPM Country Tracks chart in Canada.
Elixir Aircraft Elixir
The Elixir is a French two-seat, fixed-tricycle gear general aviation airplane, designed and manufactured by Elixir Aircraft in La Rochelle  The aircraft is certified CS-23 by the European Aviation Safety Agency since 2020  and received the FAR Part-23 certification by the FAA  during EAA AirVenture ("Oshkosh") 2025.

Intended primarily for flight training and personal touring, the Elixir is notable for its Carbon "OneShot" technology, which uses Carbon Fiber to mold the entire wing and fuselage components in single pieces, significantly reducing the number of parts compared to traditional aircraft.

European Union Aviation Safety Agency
The European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) is an agency of the European Commission with responsibility for civil aviation safety in the European Union. It carries out certification, regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.: §4.3  It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.: §4.3

The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.: §4.3
Bhera
Bhera  (Punjabi: بھیرا; Urdu: بھیرہ) is a city tehsil of Sargodha District, in Punjab province of Pakistan. The city is known for wood-carved items, textiles (such as quilts and khussas), and certain desserts (such as pheonian and pateesa).

The city comprises the walled Old Town and the surrounding newer development. The Old Town is surrounded by tall walls with eight gates, and is divided into mohallas, or neighborhoods; historically, different castes lived in different mohallas. The Jhelum River flows to the north of Bhera.

Soan papdi
Soan papdi is a popular dessert in the Indian subcontinent. It is made of gram flour (besan), all-purpose flour, ghee, sugar, and milk. It is usually cube-shaped or served as flakes, and has a crisp and flaky texture. Traditionally sold loose in rolled paper cones, modern industrial production has led to it being sold in the form of tightly formed cubes. It is frequently given as a traditional Diwali gift.
Ilaisa Maʻasi
Aloisio Ilaisa Ma'asi (born 5 February 1982 in Tofoa, Tonga) is a Tongan rugby union player. He plays Hooker for Tonga on international level. Ma'asi also played for Counties Manukau in their ITM Cup campaign from 2007 to 2010.

Ma'asi made his debut for the national side against Fiji in June 2009 crossing the line two Tests later against Japan. He found his way back into the international side for their 2011 Churchill Cup campaign before turning out for the national side in the Pacific Nations Cup. He also was a part of the squad in the 2011 Rugby World Cup making two appearances.

In June 2014 he was named to the Pacific barbarians team to play against Tonga.

Tongatapu
Tongatapu is the main island of Tonga and the site of its capital, Nukuʻalofa. Approximately 260 square kilometres (100 square miles) in size, it is located in Tonga's southern island group, to which it gives its name and it is the country's most populous island, with 74,611 residents (2016) or roughly 70.5% of the total population.

Tongatapu has experienced more rapid economic development than the other islands of Tonga, and has become a business, trade and labor center of the country.