hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rusek, Pomeranian Voivodeship
Rusek [ˈrusɛk] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bobowo, within Starogard County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is located in the ethnocultural region of Kociewie in the historic region of Pomerania.

Kociewie
Kociewie is an ethnocultural region in the eastern part of Tuchola Forest, in northern Poland, Pomerania, that is inhabited by the Kociewians. Its cultural capital is Starogard Gdański, the biggest town is Tczew, while other major towns include Świecie, and Pelplin. The region has about 250,000 inhabitants. It has well-developed industry and agriculture. Administratively, it is divided between the Pomeranian and Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeships.

Kociewie is bordered by the Chełmno Land in the south, Powiśle in the east, Kashubia and Żuławy Wiślane in the north, and other parts of historic Pomerania in the west.
Timeline of the gunpowder age
This is a timeline of the history of gunpowder and related topics such as weapons, warfare, and industrial applications. The timeline covers the history of gunpowder from the first hints of its origin as a Taoist alchemical product in China until its replacement by smokeless powder in the late 19th century (from 1884 to the present day).

Huolongjing
The Huolongjing (traditional Chinese: 火龍經; simplified Chinese: 火龙经; pinyin: Huǒ Lóng Jīng; Wade-Giles: Huo Lung Ching; rendered in English as Fire Drake Manual or Fire Dragon Manual), also known as Huoqitu (“Firearm Illustrations”), is a Chinese military treatise compiled and edited by Jiao Yu and Liu Bowen of the early Ming dynasty (1368–1683) during the 14th century. The Huolongjing is primarily based on the text known as Huolong Shenqi Tufa (Illustrations of Divine Fire Dragon Engines), which no longer exists.
Philadelphia grant
The Philadelphia grant describes 200,000 acres (81,000 ha) of land along the south shore of the Northumberland Strait between Tatamagouche and Pictou, Nova Scotia. Following expulsion of the Acadians, the British government distributed Acadian land to various landlords under the condition those landlords oversee repopulation of those lands with colonists loyal to King George III of the United Kingdom.

Pictou
Pictou (/ˈpɪktoʊ/ PIK-toh; Canadian Gaelic: Baile Phiogto; Mi'kmaq: Piktuk) is a town in Pictou County, in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. Located on the north shore of Pictou Harbour, the town is approximately 10 km (6 miles) north of the larger town of New Glasgow.

Once an active shipping port and the shire town of the county, today Pictou is primarily a local service centre for surrounding rural communities and the primary tourist destination in this region of Nova Scotia.

The name Pictou derives from the Mi'kmaq name Piktuk, meaning 'explosive place', a reference to the river of pitch that was found in the area, or perhaps from methane bubbling up from coal seams below the harbour. The surrounding region formed one part of the Mi'kmaw district Epekwitk aq Piktuk, one of the seven districts of Mi'kma'ki.
John Caer Clark
John Caer Clark (died 8 June 1943) was a British architect in Hong Kong.

Clark was an authorised architect in Hong Kong from 1912 to 1941. He formed the Clark & Iu with partner Iu Tak-chung from 1924 to 1937 before he started his own practice again in 1938 until the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong in 1941. The Tung Wah Group of Hospitals was one of his clients.

He died during internment at the Stanley Internment Camp on 8 June 1943.

Stanley Internment Camp
Stanley Internment Camp (Chinese: 赤柱拘留營) was a civilian internment camp in Hong Kong during the Second World War. Located in Stanley, on the southern end of Hong Kong Island, it was used by the Japanese imperial forces to hold non-Chinese enemy nationals after their victory in the Battle of Hong Kong in December 1941. About 2,800 men, women, and children were held at the non-segregated camp for 44 months from early January 1942 to August 1945 when Japanese forces surrendered. The camp area consisted of St Stephen's College and the grounds of Stanley Prison, excluding the prison itself.
Ge with middle hook
Ge with middle hook (Ҕ ҕ; italics: Ҕ ҕ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script used in the Yukaghir and Yakut languages  to represent the voiced velar fricative /ɣ/. In Unicode, this letter is called "Ghe with middle hook". The letter was invented in 1844 by Andreas Johan Sjögren for the Ossetian language from the contraction of Cyrillic Г and Gothic 𐌷 (hagl).

Anders Johan Sjögren
Anders Johan Sjögren (8 May 1794 – 18 January 1855) was a Finnish linguist, ethnographer, historian and explorer. He was the first to systematically apply scientific methodology and fieldwork to the study of Finno-Ugric languages, combining linguistic analysis with ethnographic observation and historical research. On his expeditions across Russia, the Baltic region, and the Caucasus, he documented languages, collected folklore, and studied the social and cultural life of various peoples. His interdisciplinary approach became a model for later research on Finno-Ugric languages and cultures. Sjögren is also regarded the creator of the Ossetian Cyrillic alphabet, which is still used today with some modifications.
Cornelis Lievense
Cornelis Lievense (1890 – September 22, 1949) was a Dutch businessman who ran several import/export companies in the United States from the 1920s through the 1940s.

Lievense was born in Maassluis, The Netherlands, and came to the United States in 1924. During his career in the United States, Lievense was the President or director of a number of import/export companies and banks, most notably the Union Banking Corporation, whose assets were seized by the United States government in 1942 under the Trading with the Enemy Act and the Domestic Fuel Corporation, which was blacklisted by the Canadian government in 1940 for similar suspicions.

Lievense died at his home in Ridgewood, New Jersey, on September 22, 1949 at the age of 59.

Trading with the Enemy Act
Trading with the Enemy Act is a stock short title used for legislation in the United Kingdom and the United States relating to trading with the enemy.

Trading with the Enemy Acts is also a generic name for a class of legislation generally passed during or approaching a war that prohibit not just mercantile activities with foreign nationals, but also acts that might assist the enemy. While originally limited to wartime, in the 20th century these Acts were applied in cases of national emergency as well.  For example, in 1940, before the United States entry into World War II the president imposed broad prohibitions on the transfer of property in which Norway or Denmark, or any citizen or national of those countries, or any other person aiding those countries, had any interest, with the exception of transfers which were licensed under the regulations of the Department of the Treasury.
Sarantaporos (Thessaly)
The Sarantaporos (Greek: Σαραντάπορος) is a river in the southeastern part of the Kozani regional unit and the northern part of the Larissa regional unit, in northern Greece. Its source is in the eastern part of the Kamvounia mountains, southeast of the town of Servia. The river passes east of the village Sarantaporo and flows into the Titarisios near the village Milea. Part of the Greek National Road 3 (Larissa - Kozani - Florina - Niki) runs through the Sarantaporos valley.

It is believed that it was this pass about which Alexander I of Macedon sent to warn the Greek force that was attempting to block the Persian advance through the Tempe Valley. Although longer and more difficult, the Sarantaporos Pass would enable the Persians to outflank and bypass the Greeks at Tempe.

Milea, Larissa
Milea (Greek: Μηλέα, Greek pronunciation: [mi'lea]), known as Vourmpa (Greek: Βούρμπα) until 1957, is a village and a community of the Elassona municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was a part of the municipality of Sarantaporo, of which it was a municipal district. The community of Milea covers an area of 12.628 km2.
Jackfork Sandstone
The Jackfork Sandstone, also referred to as the Jackfork Group, is a geologic formation associated with the Ouachita Fold and Thrust Belt exposed in western Arkansas and southeastern Oklahoma. It is named for Jackfork Mountain in Pittsburg and Pushmataha counties, Oklahoma.

The Jackfork Sandstone is a thin- to massive-bedded, fine- to coarse-grained, brown, tan, or gray quartzitic sandstone with subordinate brown, silty sandstone and dark gray shale. It outcrops from Pulaski County, Arkansas in the east to Atoka County, Oklahoma in the west, a distance of over 200 miles. It is highly weather-resistant, resulting in a continuous chain of prominent ridges, including Rich Mountain, the second highest natural point in the Ouachita Mountains.

Pulaski County, Arkansas
Pulaski County is a county in the U.S. state of Arkansas. With a population of 399,125 as of the 2020 United States census, it is the most populous county in Arkansas. The county is included in the Little Rock–North Little Rock–Conway metropolitan area. Its county seat is Little Rock, which is also Arkansas's capital and largest city.

Pulaski County is Arkansas's fifth county, formed on December 15, 1818, alongside Clark and Hempstead Counties. Pulaski County is named for Brigadier General Casimir Pulaski, a Polish-born Continental Army officer who was killed in action at the Siege of Savannah during the Revolutionary War. The county was the site of the Battle of Bayou Fourche on September 10, 1863. The Union army took control the same day and occupied Pulaski County until the end of the Civil War. The county was home to Willow Springs Water Park, one of the oldest water parks in the nation, which opened in 1928 and closed in 2013.
AF Borgen
AF Borgen, originally known as Akademiska Föreningens Stora Sal, is the house of The Academic Society in Lund, Sweden, constructed in 1848, situated opposite the University Main Building in Lundagård. AF Borgen houses a great hall, which has held concerts by artists such as Depeche Mode, Phil Lynott, Accept and Uriah Heep. AF Borgen also host The Academic Societies committeé such as Lund's Student Theater.

The AF Association (AF-Sällskapet) was formed many years ago to secure the future maintenance of AF Borgen. The Association is made up of selected partner companies that value student life in Lund and wish to contribute to AF Borgen’s preservation through their long-term commitment. The Association’s members include AF Bostäder, Alfa Laval, Axis, Handelsbanken, Sparbanken Skåne and Tetra Pak.

Lund
Lund (/lʊnd/, US also /lʌnd/ LU(U)ND; Swedish: [ˈlɵnːd] ⓘ) is a city in the province of Scania, southern Sweden. The town had 94,393 inhabitants out of a municipal total of 130,288 as of 2023. It is the seat of Lund Municipality, Scania County. The Öresund Region, which includes Lund, is home to more than 4.2 million people.

Archeologists date the founding of Lund to around 990, when Scania was part of Denmark. From 1103 it was the seat of the Catholic Archdiocese of Lund, and the towering Lund Cathedral, built c. 1090–1145, still stands at the centre of the town. Denmark ceded the city to Sweden in the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658.

Lund University, established in 1666, is one of Scandinavia's oldest and largest institutions for education and research.  The university and its buildings dominate much of the centre of the city, and have led to Lund becoming a regional centre for high-tech industry.
Sam Collins (footballer, born 1989)
Samuel Christopher Collins (born 1 June 1989) is an English former professional footballer who played as a winger for Milton Keynes Dons, Kettering Town, Hendon, Wivenhoe Town, Maidenhead United, AFC Hornchurch, Concord Rangers, 
East Thurrock United, and Cheshunt.

East Thurrock United F.C.
East Thurrock United Football Club was a football club based in Corringham, Essex, England. They last competed in Isthmian League North Division and played at Rookery Hill. The club was placed into liquidation by owner Alfie Best on 1 September 2023. The club stated this was due to historic debts from the previous owners.
Quasi-irreversible inhibitor
For acetylcholinesterase (AChE), quasi-irreversible inhibitors are those that rapidly phosphorylate AChE. A subsequent internal dealkylation reaction may then occur, which, according to X-ray crystallography data, is suggestive of covalent bond formation. The newly formed OP-enzyme conjugate is as a result permanently deactivated.

Historically, irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitors have been used as insecticides and chemical weapons.

Acetylcholinesterase
Acetylcholinesterase (HGNC symbol ACHE; EC 3.1.1.7; systematic name acetylcholine acetylhydrolase), also known as AChE, AChase or acetylhydrolase, is the primary cholinesterase in the body. It is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of acetylcholine and some other choline esters that function as neurotransmitters:

acetylcholine + H2O = choline + acetate

It is found at mainly neuromuscular junctions and in chemical synapses of the cholinergic type, where its activity serves to terminate cholinergic synaptic transmission. It belongs to the carboxylesterase family of enzymes. It is the primary target of inhibition by organophosphorus compounds such as nerve agents and pesticides.
Fomitopsis subfeei
Fomitopsis subfeei is a species of polypore fungus in the family Fomitopsidaceae. Found in southern China, it was reported as new to science in 2014 by mycologists Mei-Ling Han and Bao-Kai Cui. Characteristics of the fungus include perennial, effused-reflexed (partially crust-like and partially pileate) to pileate fruit bodies, a concentrically grooved cap surface, and a pinkish-brown to vinaceous-brown pore surface on the cap underside. Microscopic characters include spindle-shaped cystidioles, and small, oblong-ellipsoid spores measuring 4–5 by 1.9–2.5 μm. The fungus causes a brown rot on gymnosperms.

Cystidium
A cystidium (pl.: cystidia) is a relatively large cell found on the sporocarp of a basidiomycete (for example, on the surface of a mushroom gill), often between clusters of basidia. Since cystidia have highly varied and distinct shapes that are often unique to a particular species or genus, they are a useful micromorphological characteristic in the identification of basidiomycetes. In general, the adaptive significance of cystidia is not well understood.
Valderrubio
Valderrubio is a municipality in the province of Granada, Spain. As of 2012, it had a population of 2,133 inhabitants.

The poet Federico García Lorca lived in the village as a young child, between 1905 and 1909. At that time it was known as Asquerosa (which means 'filthy' in Spanish), although it is suggested that the original name derived from the Latin 'Aqua Rosae' (Rose Water). It was renamed Valderrubio in 1943.

Province of Granada
The Province of Granada (Spanish: Provincia de Granada) is a province in the eastern part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in Spain. It is bordered by the provinces of Albacete, Murcia, Almería, Jaén, Córdoba, Málaga, and the Mediterranean Sea (along the Costa Tropical). Its capital city is Granada.

The province has an area of 12,645.41 km2 (4,882.42 sq mi) and a population is 939,741 across its 170 municipalities.

There are certain conception about the autonomous community of Granada being separate from Andalusia. The new autonomous community would consist of the provinces of Granada, Almería and Málaga. The conception has not yet found a response.
Yamdrok Lake
Yamdrok Lake (also known as Yamdrok Yumtso or Yamzho Yumco; Tibetan: ཡར་འབྲོག་གཡུ་མཚོ་, Wylie: yar-'drog. G’yu-mtsho, ZWPY: Yamzhog Yumco; Chinese: 羊卓雍錯; pinyin: Yángzhuó Yōngcuò, Yángzhuō Yōngcuò) is a freshwater lake in Tibet. It is one of the three largest lakes in Tibet. It is over 72 km (45 mi) long. The lake is surrounded by many snow-capped mountains and is fed by numerous small streams. The lake has an outlet stream, a tributary of Yarlung Tsangpo, at its far western end and means turquoise in English due to its color.

Around 90 km (56 mi) to the west of the lake lies the Tibetan town of Gyantse and Lhasa is 100 km (62 mi) to the northeast. According to local mythology, Yamdok Yumtso lake is the transformation of a goddess.

The Yamdrok Hydropower Station was completed and dedicated in 1996 near the small village of Baidi at the lake's western end. This power station is the largest in Tibet.

Yarlung Tsangpo
The Yarlung Tsangpo, also called Yarlung Zangbo (Tibetan: ཡར་ཀླུངས་གཙང་པོ་, Wylie: yar kLungs gTsang po, ZWPY: Yarlung Zangbo) and Yalu Zangbu River (Chinese: 雅鲁藏布江; pinyin: Yǎlǔzàngbù Jiāng) is the upper course of Brahmaputra River. It flows through the Tibet Autonomous Region of China and Arunachal Pradesh state of India. It is the longest river of Tibet and the fifth longest in China. The upper section is also called Dangque Zangbu meaning "Horse River".

Originating from the Angsi Glacier in western Tibet, southeast of Mount Kailash and Lake Manasarovar, it later forms the South Tibet Valley. When leaving the Tibetan Plateau, the river forms the world's largest and deepest canyon, Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon. before passing into Arunachal Pradesh where it gets far wider and is called the Siang. After reaching Assam, the river becomes known as the Brahmaputra.
Norm Demers
Norm Demers is a retired U.S. professional soccer defender who spent one season in the North American Soccer League.

In 1978, Demers played for the Fort Lauderdale Strikers of the North American Soccer League.  In 1979, he played for the Fort Lauderdale Saints of the Southern Soccer League.  In 1980, he played for the Cleveland Cobras in the American Soccer League.

American Soccer League (1933–1983)
The American Soccer League has been a name used by four different professional soccer sports leagues in the United States. The second American Soccer League was established in summer 1933 following the collapse of the original American Soccer League, which lasted from 1921 until spring 1933. The new league was created on a smaller scale and with smaller budgets. This league existed until over-expansion and financial limitations led to its collapse in 1983. Two successor leagues later operated.
Daimonoioannes family
The Daimonoioannes family (Greek: Δαιμονοϊωάννης) or Eudaimonoioannes (Εὐδαιμονοϊωάννης) was a noble Byzantine Greek family, or group of families, active in the 13th to 17th centuries. Particularly associated with Monemvasia, its members were also active in the wider Peloponnese, Kythira, and Crete, where they apparently moved  en masse in the 16th century, following the Ottoman capture of Monemvasia.

Rhomaioi
Rhomaioi or Romaioi (Ῥωμαῖοι) were the Greek-speaking inhabitants of Southern Europe and Western Asia that identified as Romans starting from Late Antiquity. Although modern scholarship commonly refers to these populations as Byzantines, Eastern Romans, or Byzantine Greeks, they consistently understood their identity as Roman, rooted in imperial continuity, the Christian faith, and the Greek language and culture. Over time, Rhōmaios became closely associated with the Eastern Orthodox Church as well as Greek speech, and the identity continued in use among Greek Orthodox communities after the fall of Constantinople in 1453.
Entourage (South Korean TV series)
Entourage (Korean: 안투라지) is a South Korean television series starring Cho Jin-woong, Seo Kang-joon, Lee Kwang-soo, Park Jeong-min and Lee Dong-hwi. It is a black comedy-drama about life in the entertainment industry, based on the American television series of the same name. It started airing on cable network tvN from November 4, 2016, and finished airing on December 24, 2016.

The series scored low ratings in South Korea; some have argued that the low ratings were a result of the series being atypical of Korean dramas, particularly its black humour and perhaps American vibe.

TvN (South Korean TV channel)
tvN (originally standing for Total Variety Network) is a South Korean nationwide pay television network owned by CJ ENM Entertainment Division. tvN programming consists of a variety of entertainment content focused on television series and variety shows. It is available on cable, on satellite through SkyLife, and on IPTV platforms in South Korea. Since 2014, the network has been headed by Kang Ho-sung. From June 28, 2010, to April 30, 2013, tvN Go was broadcast by renting a channel from Korea DMB.
Sialidosis
Mucolipidosis type I (ML I) is an inherited lysosomal storage disease that results from a deficiency of the enzyme alpha-N -acetyl neuraminidase (sialidase). The lack of this enzyme results in an abnormal accumulation of complex carbohydrates known as mucopolysaccharides, and of fatty substances known as mucolipids. Both of these substances accumulate in bodily tissues.

Glycosaminoglycan
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) or mucopolysaccharides are long, linear polysaccharides consisting of repeating disaccharide units (i.e., two-sugar units). The repeating two-sugar unit consists of a uronic sugar and an amino sugar, except in the case of the sulfated glycosaminoglycan keratan, where, in place of the uronic sugar there is a galactose unit. GAGs are found in vertebrates, invertebrates and bacteria.
Because GAGs are highly polar molecules and attract water; the body uses them as lubricants or shock absorbers.

Mucopolysaccharidoses are a group of metabolic disorders in which abnormal accumulations of glycosaminoglycans occur due to enzyme deficiencies.
Big Brother 7 (Bulgarian season)
Big Brother 7 is the seventh season of the Bulgarian reality television series Big Brother, and the twenty-fourth season of the format overall. The series launched on Nova Television on September 21, 2025.

Plovdiv
Plovdiv (Bulgarian: Пловдив, pronounced [ˈpɫɔvdif]) is the second-largest city in Bulgaria and the most populous city in the Bulgarian part of the historic region of Thrace, located 144 km (93 miles) southeast of the capital Sofia. It had a population of 329,489 as of 2024 and 540,000 in its greater metropolitan area. An important economic, transport, cultural, and educational hub of Bulgaria, Plovdiv was the European Capital of Culture in 1999 and 2019, and joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities in 2016.
2004 CAF Super Cup
The 2004 CAF Super Cup was the 12th CAF Super Cup, an annual football match organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF), between the winners of the previous season's CAF Champions League and CAF Confederation Cup competitions. The match was contested by 2003 CAF Champions League winners, Enyimba, and 2003 African Cup Winners' Cup winners, ES Sahel, at the Aba Stadium in Aba, Nigeria, on 22 February 2004.

The game finished 1–0 to Enyimba, securing their first Super Cup title.

Aba, Nigeria
Aba is a city in southeastern Nigeria. It lies along the west bank of the Aba River and is at the intersection of roads leading to cities such as Port Harcourt, Owerri, Umuahia, Ikot Ekpene, and Ikot-Abasi.

Aba was established by the Ngwa clan of the Igbo people in Nigeria as a market town. Later, a military post was placed there by the British colonial administration in 1901. The city became a collection point for agricultural products following construction of a British-made railway running through it to Port Harcourt. Aba is a major urban settlement and commercial centre in Abia State, which is surrounded by small villages and towns. The indigenous people of Aba are the Ngwa. Aba is well known for its craftsmen, and as of 2016, Aba had an estimated population of 2,534,265, making it the biggest city in southeastern Nigeria.
Luis Antonio Moreno
Luis Antonio Moreno Huila (born December 25, 1970, in Jamundi) is a retired Colombian footballer, who played for a number of clubs, including América de Cali and Deportes Tolima.

He played for the Colombia national football team and was a participant at the 1998 FIFA World Cup.

Jamundí
Jamundí is a town and municipality in the Department of Valle del Cauca, Colombia.

Jamundí is located 17 kilometres (11 mi) south of Cali (the capital of the department) in the west riverside of the Cauca River The average temperature is 23 °C.