hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rosemarie Esber
Rosemarie M. Esber is a researcher and writer with degrees from the University of London and Johns Hopkins University with a background in the history, culture, and economy of the Middle East and North Africa. Her published work is centered on Arab oral history. She has served as a consultant to the United Nations, the World Bank, and the International Finance Corporation.

International Finance Corporation
The International Finance Corporation (IFC) is an international financial institution headquartered in Washington, D.C., and a member of the World Bank Group. Established in 1956 as the private-sector arm of the World Bank Group, the IFC provides investment, advisory, and asset-management services to support private-sector development in developing countries. Its goal is to help people achieve better living standards by mobilizing financial resources for private enterprises.
Koka and Vikoka
Koka (Sanskrit: कोक, romanized: Koka) and Vikoka (Sanskrit: विकोक, romanized: Vikoka) are asura brothers from Hindu literature. They are twin generals who are described to aid the asura Kali in his battle against Kalki, the 10th and final avatar of the god Vishnu, whose coming is believed to herald the end of the age. The story is told in the Kalki Purana.

Hindu texts
Hindu texts or Hindu scriptures are manuscripts and voluminous historical literature which are related to any of the diverse traditions within Hinduism. Some of the major Hindu texts include the Vedas, the Upanishads,  the Itihasa (Mahabharata and the Ramayana) and Puranas. Scholars hesitate in defining the term "Hindu scriptures" given the diverse nature of Hinduism, but many list the Agamas as Hindu scriptures, and Dominic Goodall includes Bhagavata Purana and Yajnavalkya Smriti in the list of Hindu scriptures as well.
Lawson Insley
Lawson Insley was a daguerreotyptist who operated in Australia and New Zealand during the 19th century. He worked in portraiture and captured the earliest known portrait of Māori subjects.

Insley arrived in Sydney in 1850. He set up a daguerreotype studio on George Street in September that year. Throughout the 1850s, Insley travelled between Australia and New Zealand, setting up studios and offering his services in portraiture.

His most significant portrait was that of Caroline and Sarah Barrett, the daughters of trader Dicky Barrett and his wife Wakaiwa Rawinia. It was taken in New Plymouth in 1853. He also took New Zealand's oldest surviving photograph, a portrait of Edward Catchpool in 1852.

Dicky Barrett (trader)
Richard Barrett (1807–1847) was one of the first European traders to be based in New Zealand. He lent his translation skills to help negotiate the first land purchases from Maori in New Plymouth and Wellington and became a key figure in the establishment of the settlement of New Plymouth. He was described by Edward Jerningham Wakefield, son of New Zealand Company founder Edward Gibbon Wakefield, as short, stout and "perfectly round all over" and fond of relating "wild adventures and hairbreadth 'scapes".
Piekberg
At 160.9 m above sea level (HN), the Piekberg is the highest point on the island of Rügen and in the region of West Pomerania. It is also the fifth highest point in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. It barely rises above the surrounding area, though, as the height difference is very low. The hill is located in a wooded area in the northwestern part of the Jasmund Peninsula, about 2 kilometres southwest of the Stubbenkammer in the Jasmund National Park and about 3 kilometres northeast of the town of Sassnitz. The state road (Landstraße) from Lohme to Sassnitz runs past the Piekberg to the east.

Sassnitz
Sassnitz (German pronunciation: [ˈzasnɪts] ⓘ, before 1993 in German: Saßnitz) is a town on the Jasmund peninsula, Rügen Island, in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. The population as of 2012 was 9,498.

Sassnitz is a well-known seaside resort and port town, and is a gateway to the nearby Jasmund National Park with its unique chalk cliffs. The decommissioned British submarine HMS Otus was purchased by a German entrepreneur and towed to Sassnitz to be a floating museum. The Sassnitz area is most popular for its famous chalk rocks (Kreidefelsen), which inspired artists like Caspar David Friedrich.
Division of Bass (state)
The electoral division of Bass is one of the five electorates in the Tasmanian House of Assembly, it includes north-east Tasmania and Flinders Island. Bass takes its name from the British naval surgeon and explorer of Australia: George Bass. The division shares its name and boundaries with the federal division of Bass.

Bass and the other House of Assembly electoral divisions are each represented by seven members elected under the Hare-Clark electoral system.

Naval surgeon
A naval surgeon, or less commonly ship's doctor, is the person responsible for the health of the ship's company aboard a warship. The term appears often in reference to Royal Navy's medical personnel during the Age of Sail.
John Black (sport shooter)
John Black (26 October 1882 – 16 October 1924) was a Canadian sports shooter. He was born in Coylton in South Ayrshire, Scotland. Competing for Canada, he won a silver medal in team clay pigeons at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris. He also competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics.

He died at Winnipeg General Hospital on 16 October 1924.

Coylton
Coylton (Scots: Culton) is a village and civil parish in South Ayrshire, Scotland. It is five miles (eight kilometres) east of Ayr and 2+1⁄2 miles (4 kilometres) west of Drongan, on the A70.  Sundrum Castle Holiday Park is to the west of the village, in the grounds of Sundrum Castle, which partly dates to the 13th century.  A rocking stone stands atop the Craigs of Kyle near Coylton.  It weighs about 30 tons and rests upon two stones. A large standing stone known as Wallace's Stone stands nearby.  The village is also home to a parish church of the Gothic style, built in 1832.
Jerry Thompson (American football)
Herman Jerome Thompson (March 25, 1923 – December 23, 2010) was an American football and baseball player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Upsala College in East Orange, New Jersey in 1947, Augustana University in Sioux Falls, South Dakota from 1948 to 1950, and Ripon College in Ripon, Wisconsin from 1956 to 1957. Thompson was also the head baseball coach at Augustana from 1950 to 1951.

Thompson played college football at St. Olaf College and the University of Wisconsin. He also lettered in baseball and track at Wisconsin in 1945. After graduating from Wisconsin in 1946, Thompson began his coaching career that fall as the football coach at Manistique High School in Manistique, Michigan.

Thompson was also a professor of physical education as Augustana. He resigned from his position  has Augustana in 1951 to become head football and head track coach at Neenah High School in Neenah, Wisconsin. He led his football teams at Neenah to a record of 30–6–3 in five seasons.

St. Olaf College
St. Olaf College is a private liberal arts college in Northfield, Minnesota, United States. It was founded in 1874 by a group of Norwegian-American pastors and farmers led by Pastor Bernt Julius Muus. The college is named after the King and the Patron Saint Olaf II of Norway and is affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.

As of 2025, the college had 3,124 undergraduate students and 326 full and part-time faculty members. The campus, including its adjacent 430-acre (170 ha) natural lands, is west of downtown Northfield, Minnesota. Northfield is also the home of its neighbor and friendly rival, Carleton College. Between 1995 and 2020, 154 St. Olaf graduates were named Fulbright Scholars and 35 received Goldwater Scholarships.
Divergence (statistics)
In information geometry, a divergence is a kind of statistical distance: a binary function which establishes the separation from one probability distribution to another on a statistical manifold.

The simplest divergence is squared Euclidean distance (SED), and divergences can be viewed as generalizations of SED. The other most important divergence is relative entropy (also called Kullback–Leibler divergence), which is central to information theory. There are numerous other specific divergences and classes of divergences, notably f-divergences and Bregman divergences (see § Examples).

Solomon Kullback
Solomon Kullback (April 3, 1907 – August 5, 1994) was an American cryptanalyst and mathematician, who was one of the first three employees hired by William F. Friedman at the US Army's Signal Intelligence Service (SIS) in the 1930s, along with Frank Rowlett and Abraham Sinkov. He went on to a long and distinguished career at SIS and its eventual successor, the National Security Agency (NSA). Kullback was the Chief Scientist at the NSA until his retirement in 1962, whereupon he took a position at the George Washington University.

The Kullback–Leibler divergence is named after Kullback and Richard Leibler.
Myron Bolitar series
The Myron Bolitar series of thrillers are written by Harlan Coben with a series protagonist of the same name.

The Myron Bolitar series debuted with Deal Breaker (1995) and is currently 12 novels through Think Twice (2024). A spin-off young adult book series featuring Myron's nephew Mickey Bolitar was created in 2011 with the release of Shelter. Windsor Horne Lockwood III, a major supporting character in Myron's series, received his own standalone novel Win in 2021.

The Bolitar series of novels have garnered four major crime fiction awards for Coben: an Edgar (for Fade Away), a Shamus (Drop Shot), an Anthony (Deal Breaker), and the RBA Prize for Crime Writing (Live Wire).

Shamus Award
The Shamus Award is awarded by the Private Eye Writers of America (PWA) for the best detective fiction (P. I. = Private investigator) genre novels and short stories of the year.

The Prize is given annually to recognize outstanding achievement in private eye fiction. Starting in 2003, the Shamus Awards are sometimes (2003, 2007–2009, 2011–2016) announced during the Bouchercon World Mystery Convention, at the convention's PWA Awards Banquet.
Vuélveme a querer (TV series)
Vuélveme a querer (Love Me Again) is the title of a Spanish-language telenovela produced by the Mexican television network TV Azteca with Venevisión International. It stars Mariana Torres and Jorge Alberti as protagonists. It is a remake of Venezuelan telenovela Destino de mujer in 1997, produced and broadcast by Venevision and starred by Sonya Smith and Jorge Reyes.

TV Azteca
Televisión Azteca, commonly known as TV Azteca, is a Mexican multimedia conglomerate owned by Grupo Salinas. It is the second-largest mass media company in Mexico after Televisa. It primarily competes with Televisa as well as some local operators. It owns two national television networks, Azteca Uno and Azteca 7, and operates two other nationally distributed services, adn40 and A Más+. All three of these networks have transmitters in most major and minor cities.

TV Azteca also operates Azteca Trece Internacional, reaching 13 countries in Central and South America, and formerly part of the Azteca América network in the United States. Its flagship program is the newscast Hechos.
Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Revival
The Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Revival is presented by the Drama Desk, a committee of New York City theatre critics, writers, and editors. It honors the Broadway, off-Broadway, off-off-Broadway, or legitimate not-for-profit theater revival of a production previously staged in New York City.

It was not until the 22nd Annual Drama Desk Awards in 1988 that a specific category for Outstanding Revival was created. The first recipient was The Royal Family, a play by George S. Kaufman and Edna Ferber that originally was staged in 1937. The award was not presented again until 1982. In 1993, the category was divided to give separate awards for plays and musicals.

Off-off-Broadway
Off-off-Broadway theaters are smaller New York City theaters than Broadway and off-Broadway theaters, and usually have fewer than 100 seats. The off-off-Broadway movement began in 1958 as part of a response to perceived commercialism of the professional theatre scene and as an experimental or avant-garde movement of drama and theatre. Over time, some off-off-Broadway productions have moved away from the movement's early experimental spirit.
HMSAS Protea
HMSAS Protea can refer to:

HMSAS Protea (1922) - hydrographic ship of the South African Naval service, formerly the Hunt-class minesweeper HMS Crozier , later returning to British service as HMS Protea in 1933 before sale in 1935

HMSAS Protea - formerly the whaler Terje VII hired and renamed in 1941 for anti-submarine operations in World War II. Returned to her original owners in 1946

HMSAS Protea (1947) -a hydrographic ship, formerly the World War II Flower-class corvette HMS Rockrose (K51), acquired in 1947

Hunt-class minesweeper (1916)
The Hunt-class minesweeper was a class of minesweeping sloop built between 1916 and 1919 for the Royal Navy. They were built in two discrete groups, the earlier Belvoir group designed by the Ailsa Shipbuilding Company and the subsequent (and slightly larger) Aberdare group designed by the Admiralty. They were classed as Fleet Minesweeping Sloops, that is ships intended to clear open water. The Belvoir group were named after British fox hunts. Those of the Aberdare group were originally named after coastal towns, watering places and fishing ports, some of which happened to be hunts by coincidence. However, all were soon renamed after inland locations to prevent confusion caused by the misunderstanding of signals and orders.
America's Infrastructure Alliance
America’s Infrastructure Alliance (AIA) was an American trade association whose stated mission was lobbying for increased federal investment in the national transportation system. The alliance appears to have ended in 2018 as its web site was closed and it has not filed and financial fillings since 2018.

It was structured as a not-for-profit 501(c) organization representing transportation companies in the United States. The group was made up of representatives from transportation and construction industry companies and the trade groups, Airlines for America, American Trucking Association, Association of American Railroads and Associated General Contractors.

Unlike traditional lobbying firms, which meet directly with lawmakers and policymakers in attempts to influence decision-making, the organization was focused directly on educating voters.

American Trucking Associations
The American Trucking Associations (ATA), founded in 1933, is the largest national trade association for the trucking industry. ATA represents more than 37,000 members covering every type of motor carrier in the United States through a federation of other trucking groups, industry-related conferences, and its 50 affiliated state trucking associations. Former Governor of Kansas Bill Graves was replaced by Chris Spear as the ATA's president and CEO in July 2016.

According to its website the ATA's mission is to "develop, advocate, and advance innovative research-based policies that promote highway safety, security, environmental sustainability and profitability."
Conan the Barbarian (1955 collection)
Conan the Barbarian is a collection of five fantasy short stories by American writer Robert E. Howard, featuring his  sword and sorcery hero Conan the Barbarian, first published in hardcover by Gnome Press in 1955. The stories originally appeared in the 1930s in the fantasy magazine Weird Tales. This collection never saw publication in paperback; instead, its component stories were divided and distributed among other "Conan" collections. A later collection with the same title but different contents was issued in paperback by Del Rey/Ballantine Books in 2011.

Chronologically, the five short stories collected as Conan the Barbarian are the second in Gnome's Conan series; the stories collected as The Sword of Conan follow.

Fantasy literature
Fantasy literature is literature set in an imaginary universe, often but not always without any locations, events, or people from the real world. Magic, the supernatural and magical creatures are common in many of these imaginary worlds. Fantasy literature may be directed at both children and adults.

Fantasy is considered a genre of speculative fiction and is distinguished from the genres of science fiction and horror by the absence of scientific or macabre themes, respectively, though these may overlap. Historically, most works of fantasy were in written form, but since the 1960s, a growing segment of the genre has taken the form of fantasy films, fantasy television programs, graphic novels, video games, music and art.

Many fantasy novels originally written for children and adolescents also attract an adult audience. Examples include Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, the Harry Potter series, The Chronicles of Narnia, and The Hobbit.
Kulykivka, Chernivtsi Oblast
Kulykіvka (Ukrainian: Куликівка; Romanian: Culiceni) is a commune (selsoviet) in Chernivtsi Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine. It is composed of a single village, Kulykіvka, and belongs to Hertsa urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Until 18 July 2020, Kulykivka belonged to Hertsa Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernivtsi Oblast to three. The area of Hertsa Raion was merged into Chernivtsi Raion. In 2001, 96.17% of the inhabitants spoke Romanian as their native language, while 3.15% spoke Ukrainian.

Hertsa Raion
Hertsa Raion or Hertza Raion (Ukrainian: Герцаївський район, translit.: Hertsaiivs'kyi raion; Romanian: Raionul Herța pronounced [raˈjonul ˈhert͡sa]) was an administrative raion (district) in the southern part of Chernivtsi Oblast in western Ukraine, on the Romanian border. The region had an area of 308.7 square kilometres (119.2 mi2) and the administrative center in the city of Hertsa. It was one of the three raions of Ukraine with the majority of the ethnic Romanian population. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions in Chernivtsi Oblast to three. The area of Hertsa Raion was merged into Chernivtsi Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 33,175 (2020 est.)

At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of two hromadas, Hertsa urban hromada with the administration in Hertsa and Ostrytsia rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Ostrytsia.
Edouard Wynn
Edouard Wynn was an English football pioneer who, together with his father Henri, co-founded Standard AC in 1892, with whom they won the first two national French Championships in 1894 and 1895. They also co-founded the United SC in September 1894.

US Suisse Paris
Union Sportive Suisse de Paris, also known as simply US Suisse or Suisse Paris, is  a French amateur football club based in Paris. The club was founded in 1906, as the result of a merger between United SC and Suisse Football Club. It currently plays in the Promotion d'Honneur of the Ligue Île-de-France, the ninth division of the French football league system.
Battle of Xiaoyao Ford
The Battle of Xiaoyao Ford, also known as the Battle of Leisure Ford, Battle of Hefei, and Hefei Campaign, was fought between the warlords Cao Cao and Sun Quan between 214 and 215 in the late Eastern Han dynasty. The two contending sides were fighting for control over a strategic fortress at Hefei, which was defended by Cao Cao's general Zhang Liao. Towards the end of the campaign, Zhang Liao made use of force concentration and launched a sneak counteroffensive on Sun Quan at Leisure Ford, where Sun only had 1,000 soldiers with him at the time. Amidst the chaos, Sun Quan barely escaped capture with the aid of his general Ling Tong. This action raised Zhang Liao to primacy among Cao Cao's generals.

Liu Fu (Yuanying)
Liu Fu (died 208), courtesy name Yuanying, was a Chinese politician of the Eastern Han dynasty of China. While serving as the governor of Yang Province from 200 to 208, he relocated the province's administrative centre from Liyang (歷陽; present-day He County, Anhui) to Hefei. During his tenure, Hefei became a highly militarised and well-defended military stronghold, which later served as a strategic location in several battles between the rival states of Cao Wei and Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period (220–280).
Third government of Francisco Franco
The third government of Francisco Franco was formed on 20 July 1945, following the end of World War II in Europe. It succeeded the second Franco government and was the government of Spain from 20 July 1945 to 19 July 1951, a total of 2,190 days, or 5 years, 11 months and 29 days.

Franco's third cabinet was made up of members from the different factions or "families" within the National Movement: mainly the FET y de las JONS party—the only legal political party during the Francoist regime—the military, the National Catholic Association of Propagandists (ACNP) and a number of aligned-nonpartisan figures from the civil service.

Catholic Association of Propagandists
The Catholic Association of Propagandists (Spanish: Asociación Católica de Propagandistas, ACdP), previously the National Catholic Association of Propagandists (Spanish: Asociación Católica Nacional de Propagandistas, ACNP) and originally founded as the National Catholic Association of Young Propagandists Spanish: Asociación Católico-Nacional de Jóvenes Propagandistas, ACNJP), is a private association of Spanish Catholic faithful founded in 1908 by the Jesuit priest Ángel Ayala. Its goals are oriented towards the propagation of the Catholic faith and the apostolate in public life, training and encouraging its members to actively participate in society, working to make the message of Jesus and the Church present in all areas.
Pro-Touring
Pro-Touring is a style of classic muscle car with enhanced suspension components, brake system, drivetrain, and aesthetics, including many of the amenities of a new performance car.  These modified muscle cars have been developed to function as well as, or to surpass, the capabilities of the foremost modern performance vehicles.  Pro-Touring cars are built with an emphasis on function and are intended to be driven.  Whether they are driven on the street, the race track, the drag strip, or through cones at an auto-cross is of no difference.

Car suspension
Suspension is the system of tires, tire air, springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels and allows relative motion between the two. Suspension systems must support both road holding/handling and ride quality, which are at odds with each other. The tuning of suspensions involves finding the right compromise. The suspension is crucial for maintaining consistent contact between the road wheel and the road surface, as all forces exerted on the vehicle by the road or ground are transmitted through the tires' contact patches. The suspension also protects the vehicle itself and any cargo or luggage from damage and wear. The design of front and rear suspension of a car may be different.
Richard Anschütz
Carl Johann Philipp Noé Richard Anschütz FRSE (Hon) (10 March 1852 – 8 January 1937) was a German organic chemist.

Anschütz received his PhD at the University of Bonn for his work with August Kekulé. He became Kekulé's assistant and in 1898, his successor as Professor of Chemistry at the University of Bonn. His biography of Kekulé opened a view on the claims of Archibald Scott Couper as an independent co-discoverer of the ability of carbon atoms to link to each other to form chains (the theory of chemical structure).

Archibald Scott Couper
Archibald Scott Couper (/ˈkuːpər/; 31 March 1831 – 11 March 1892) was a Scottish chemist who proposed an early theory of chemical structure and bonding.  He developed the concepts of tetravalent carbon atoms linking together to form large molecules, and that the bonding order of the atoms in a molecule can be determined from chemical evidence.