hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mount Mentzel
Mount Mentzel (German: Mentzelberg) is a peak, 2,330 metres (7,640 ft) high, standing 6 nautical miles (11 km) east of Mount Zimmermann in the Gruber Mountains of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. it was discovered by the Third German Antarctic Expedition under Alfred Ritscher, 1938–39, and named for Rudolf Mentzel, the president of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Society).

German Antarctic Expedition (1938–1939)
The German Antarctic Expedition of 1938–1939 was led by Kriegsmarine captain Alfred Ritscher (1879–1963) and was the third official Antarctic expedition of the German Reich, by order of the "Commissioner for the Four Year Plan" Hermann Göring. Prussian State Councilor Helmuth Wohlthat was mandated with planning and preparation.

The expedition's main objective was of economic nature, in particular the establishment of a whaling station and the acquisition of fishing grounds for a German whaling fleet in order to reduce the Reich's dependence on the import of industrial oils, fats and dietary fats. Preparations took place under strict secrecy as the enterprise was also tasked to make a feasibility assessment for a future occupation of Antarctic territory in the region between 20 ° West and 20 ° East.
Small hexagrammic hexecontahedron
In geometry, the small hexagrammic hexecontahedron is a nonconvex isohedral polyhedron. It is the dual of the small retrosnub icosicosidodecahedron. It is partially degenerate, having coincident vertices, as its dual has coplanar triangular faces.

Vertex (geometry)
In geometry, a vertex (pl.: vertices or vertexes), also called a corner, is a point where two or more curves, lines, or line segments meet or intersect. For example, the point where two lines meet to form an angle and the point where edges of polygons and polyhedra meet are vertices.
1994 South Africa rugby union tour of New Zealand
The 1994 South Africa rugby union tour of New Zealand was a series of rugby union matches played in New Zealand by the South Africa national team from June to August 1994. The team played 14 matches in total; 11 against provincial rugby teams and 3 against New Zealand. South Africa won 10 out of the 11 matches against provincial sides, losing to Otago. They lost their first two test matches against New Zealand national and drew the last test. The South Africa coach for the tour was Ian McIntosh. This was South African's first tour to New Zealand since the controversial 1981 South Africa rugby union tour, which was received negatively by New Zealanders due to South Africa's Apartheid regime at the time.

Francois Pienaar
Jacobus Francois Pienaar (born 2 January 1967) is a retired South African rugby union player. He played flanker for South Africa (the Springboks) from 1993 until 1996, winning 29 international caps, all of them as captain. He is best known for leading South Africa to victory in the 1995 Rugby World Cup. After being dropped from the Springbok team in 1996, Pienaar went on to a career with English club Saracens.
Phyllonorycter pastorella
Phyllonorycter pastorella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from all of Europe (except the British Isles, Greece, Portugal, Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg  and the Mediterranean islands), east to Russia, China and Japan.

The wingspan is 8-9.5 mm.

The larvae feed on Populus alba, P. nigra, Salix alba, S. babylonica, Salix × fragilis, S. lanata, S. pentandra, S. purpurea, Salix × sepulcralis, S. triandra and S. viminalis. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Salix babylonica
Salix babylonica (Babylon willow or weeping willow; Chinese: 垂柳; pinyin: chuí liǔ) is a species of willow native to dry areas of northern China, Korea, Mongolia, Japan, and Siberia but cultivated for millennia elsewhere in Asia, being traded along the Silk Road to southwest Asia and Europe.
2006 FINA Women's Water Polo World Cup
The 2006 FINA Women's Water Polo World Cup was the fourteenth edition of the event, organised by the world's governing body in aquatics, the International Swimming Federation (FINA). The event took place in Tianjin, PR China from August 8 to August 13, 2006. Participating teams were the eight best teams from the last World Championships in Montreal, Quebec, Canada (2005). The top-five qualified for the 2007 World Aquatics Championships in Melbourne, Australia.

World Aquatics Water Polo World Cup
The World Aquatics Men's Water Polo World Cup is an international water polo competition contested by men's national water polo teams that are members of the World Aquatics, the aquatic sports' global governing body. It was established in 1979, initially taking place on odd years. Since 2002 it is held every four years, in the even-year between Olympics.
Jason Colavito
Jason Colavito (born 1981) is an American author and independent scholar specializing in the study of fringe theories particularly around ancient history and extraterrestrials. Colavito has written a number of books, including The Cult of Alien Gods (2005), The Mound Builder Myth (2020), and Legends of the Pyramids (2021).

Fringe theory
A fringe theory is an idea or a viewpoint that differs significantly from the accepted scholarship of the time within its field. Fringe theories include the models and proposals of fringe science, as well as similar ideas in other areas of scholarship, such as the humanities. In a narrower sense, the term fringe theory is commonly used as a pejorative, roughly synonymous with the terms pseudo-scholarship and conspiracy theory. Precise definitions distinguishing widely held viewpoints and unaccepted theories are difficult to construct. Issues of false balance or false equivalence can occur when fringe theories are presented as being equal to widely accepted theories.
Alberto Collino
Alberto Collino (1947 – 12 September 2020) was an Italian mathematician best known for his contributions in the field of algebraic geometry.

Collino was born in Verzuolo, earned a laurea in mathematics in 1970 from the University of Turin, and completed a Ph.D. in 1974 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His dissertation, The Rational Equivalence Ring of Symmetric Products of Curves, was supervised by Arthur Mattuck. He spent his professional career at the University of Turin, beginning as an assistant in 1970 and becoming a full professor in 1984.

He died in Milan.

In 2025, a two-volume collection of papers written in memory of Alberto Collino was published by Birkhäuser in the series "Progress in Mathematics".

Verzuolo
Verzuolo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 66 kilometres (41 mi) southwest of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 6,379 and an area of 26.2 square kilometres (10.1 sq mi).

The municipality of Verzuolo contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Falicetto, Villanovetta, Papò, Chiamina, S. Bernardo, and Pomerolo.

Verzuolo borders the following municipalities: Costigliole Saluzzo, Lagnasco, Manta, Pagno, Piasco, Savigliano, Villafalletto.
Recognition Professionals International
Recognition Professionals International (or RPI) is a professional association which represents workers in the field of human resources. RPI aims to promote the role of human resources as a profession, and provides networking, education, certification in workplace recognition. RPI was better known as the National Association of Employee Recognition (NAER)—a name the association bore from its inception in 1998 until the change in 2007.

A non-profit organization, RPI is currently sponsored by companies including Discover Financial Services, BMW Manufacturing, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Wells Fargo, and Sears.

Employee value proposition
The employee value proposition (EVP) is a part of employer branding, in that it is one of the ways companies attract the skills and employees they desire and keep them engaged. It is how companies market themselves to prospective talent, and also how they retain that talent in a competitive job market. The EVP is meant to communicate the values and culture of the organization, as well as take the focus off remuneration as the sole reason for working there. The benefits, when done correctly, are a more committed, happier, and productive workforce at a cheaper cost, which are the main goals of any employee-centered strategy. It may also have the side benefit of improving the company's perception in the eyes of consumers.
Pleystowe, Queensland
Pleystowe is a rural locality in the Mackay Region, Queensland, Australia. It is known for the former Pleystowe Sugar Mill used to crush sugar cane to produce raw sugar. In the 2021 census, Pleystowe had a population of 418 people.

Brown sugar
Brown sugar is a sucrose sugar product with a distinctive brown color due to the presence of molasses. It is either an unrefined or partially refined soft sugar consisting of sugar crystals with some residual molasses content, or produced by the addition of molasses to refined white sugar. Brown sugar is 98% carbohydrates (95% as sucrose), containing no dietary fiber or fat, and negligible protein and micronutrient content.
Shipping of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway
The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (L&YR) had the largest fleet of all the pre-grouping railway companies.  In 1902 the assets of the Drogheda Steam Packet Company were acquired for the sum of £80,000 (equivalent to £10,970,000 in 2023). In 1905 they took over the Goole Steam Shipping Company.  By 1913 they owned 26 vessels, with another two under construction, plus a further five under joint ownership with the London and North Western Railway.  The L&YR ran steamers between Liverpool and Drogheda, Hull and Zeebrugge, and between Goole and many continental ports including Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Hamburg, and Rotterdam.  The jointly owned vessels provided services between Fleetwood, Belfast and Derry.

The ships operated by the L&YR were:

Ships jointly operated with the London and North Western Railway

Goole
Goole is a port town and civil parish on the River Ouse in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. The town's historic county is the West Riding of Yorkshire.

At the 2021 UK census, Goole parish had a population of 20,475. It is 16 miles (26 km) north-east of Doncaster, 19 miles (31 km) south of York and 29 miles (47 km) west of Hull.

The town has the United Kingdom's furthest inland port, being about 50 miles (80 km) from the North Sea. It is capable of handling nearly 2 million tonnes of cargo per year, making it one of the most important ports on England's east coast.

Goole is twinned with Złotów in Poland. Goole was informally twinned with Gibraltar in the 1960s; at that time, Gibraltar Court was named in Goole and Goole Court was named in Gibraltar.
Matthew Francis (producer)
Matthew Francis is a British television producer who is best known for his  BBC sitcoms  including My Dad's the Prime Minister, Gimme Gimme Gimme, and Office Gossip.

He appeared in the original production of Zigger Zagger with the National Youth Theatre in London in 1967.

Celia Imrie has said that Francis had a very bad bicycle accident when he was younger (he said his head was included in textbooks as it was so badly crushed) and had "such joie de vivre having recovered.”

Celia Imrie
Celia Diana Savile Imrie (born 15 July 1952) is a British actress. She is best known for her film roles, including the Bridget Jones film series (2001, 2004, 2016, 2025), Calendar Girls (2005), Nanny McPhee (2005), St Trinian's (2007), The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel (2011), The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel (2015), A Cure for Wellness (2016), Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again (2018), and The Thursday Murder Club (2025). She appeared in the FX series Better Things (2016–2022) and the Netflix series The Diplomat (2023–present).

Imrie is also known for her frequent collaborations with actress and comedian Victoria Wood. In 2006, she won an Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical in Acorn Antiques:The Musical!. Imrie was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2023 Birthday Honours for services to drama.
Ekta Chilo Sonar Konya
"Ekta Chilo Sonar Konya" is a song from the 1999 Bangladeshi film Srabon Megher Din. The lyricist of this folk music was Humayun Ahmed. Subir Nandi sang this song to the tune with music arrangement of Maksud Jamil Mintu. The song is considered to be the most popular song used in the film. The song was released under label of Sangeeta Music along with other songs from the audio album. Mahfuz Ahmed lip-synced in the scene of this song in the film. Maksud Jamil Mintu and Subir Nandi won the National Film Award for music arrangement and vocals.

Srabon Megher Din
Srabon Megher Din (Bengali: শ্রাবণ মেঘের দিন, English: A Day of the Month Srabon) is a 1999 Bangladeshi drama film based on the novel of Humayun Ahmed. This film is based on a tragic triangle love-story set in a classical village of Bangladesh directed by the writer himself. This was the second film directed by Humayun Ahmed and it won National Film Award. British Film Institute enlisted this film in the Top 10 Bangladeshi Film (Critics) as a 2002 cultural project on South Asian cinema in 2002.
Al Kuwait Sports Club Stadium
Kuwait Sports Club Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Kuwait City, Kuwait. It is currently used mostly for football matches and hosts the home matches of Al Kuwait Kaifan.  The stadium holds 12,350. This stadium had also hosted Kuwait's national team matches during the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification. The stadium has hosted the final matches of the Kuwait Emir Cup and Kuwait Crown Cup for the last 5 seasons. This stadium also hosted matches for the national team during the 3rd Arabian Gulf Cup, where Kuwait won their third title after winning 4–0 against Saudi Arabia.

Kuwait Emir Cup
The Kuwait Amir/Emir Cup (Arabic: كأس أمير الكويت) is a Kuwaiti football competition created in 1962. The Emir Cup is the last football competition in the Kuwaiti football season calendar.

Al Arabi SC hold the record of being the only team to reach the final 11 consecutive times, from 1962 up to 1972.
Historical provinces of Finland
The historical provinces (Finnish: historialliset maakunnat, Swedish: historiska landskap) are former administrative or cultural areas of Finland, with origins from the slottslän (linnalääni) of the Middle Ages. The historical provinces ceased to be administrative entities in 1634 when they were superseded by the counties (lääni), a reform which remained in force in Finland until 1997. The historical provinces play a relatively minor role in popular consciousness, while the modern regions (maakunta, lit. 'province') tend to hold greater significance for regional identity—though this varies across the country.

The first name in the parentheses is the Finnish name and the second is the Swedish one.

Finland Proper (Varsinais-Suomi, Egentliga Finland)

Karelia (Karjala, Karelen)

Lapland (Lappi, Lappland)

Ostrobothnia (Pohjanmaa, Österbotten)

Satakunta (Satakunta, Satakunda)

Savonia (Savo, Savolax)

Tavastia (Häme, Tavastland)

Uusimaa (Uusimaa, Nyland)

Åland (Ahvenanmaa, Åland)

Cultural area
In anthropology and geography, a cultural area, cultural region, cultural sphere, or culture area refers to a geography with one relatively homogeneous human activity or complex of activities (culture). Such activities are often associated with an ethnolinguistic group and with the territory it inhabits. Specific cultures often do not limit their geographic coverage to the borders of a nation state, or to smaller subdivisions of a state.
Method of Chester–Friedman–Ursell
In asymptotic analysis, the method of Chester–Friedman–Ursell is a technique to find asymptotic expansions for contour integrals. It was developed as an extension of the steepest descent method for getting uniform asymptotic expansions in the case of coalescing saddle points. The method was published in 1957 by Clive R. Chester, Bernard Friedman and Fritz Ursell.

Contour integration
In the mathematical field of complex analysis, contour integration is a method of evaluating certain integrals along paths in the complex plane.

Contour integration is closely related to the calculus of residues, a method of complex analysis.

One use for contour integrals is the evaluation of integrals along the real line that are not readily found by using only real variable methods. It also has various applications in physics.

Contour integration methods include:

direct integration of a complex-valued function along a curve in the complex plane

application of the Cauchy integral formula

application of the residue theorem

One method can be used, or a combination of these methods, or various limiting processes, for the purpose of finding these integrals or sums.
1802 in birding and ornithology
Johann Matthäus Bechstein Ornithologisches Taschenbuch 1802–1803.

Matthew Flinders discovered the soon to be extinct Kangaroo Island emu

George Montagu publishes Ornithogical Dictionary; or Alphabetical Synopsis of British Birds

Louis Dufresne  popularized the use of arsenical soap for preserving birds in an article in Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle a technique which had enabled the Muséum to build the greatest collection of birds in the world.

John Latham  published Supplementum Indicis Ornithologici, sive Systematis Ornithologiae. In this work he scientifically describes the noisy miner, the white-tailed tropicbird, the azure kingfisher, the rufous whistler and the scarlet honeyeater amongst many other birds.

The white-naped honeyeater described by Louis Pierre Vieillot and  Jean Baptiste Audebert in Oiseaux dorés, ou à reflets métalliques

White-naped honeyeater
The white-naped honeyeater (Melithreptus lunatus) is a passerine bird of the honeyeater family Meliphagidae native to eastern Australia. Birds from southwestern Australia have been shown to be a distinct species, Gilbert's honeyeater, and the eastern birds are more closely related to the black-headed honeyeater of Tasmania. One of several similar species of black-headed honeyeaters in the genus Melithreptus, it dwells in dry sclerophyll eucalypt woodland. Its diet consists of nectar from various flowers, and it also feeds on insects.
Gorgasia naeocepaea
Gorgasia naeocepaea, the freckled garden eel, is an eel in the family Congridae (conger/garden eels). It was described by James Erwin Böhlke in 1951, originally under the genus Taenioconger. It is a marine, tropical eel which is known from the western central Pacific Ocean, including the Philippines and Indonesia. It is known to inhabit sandy regions, and dwells at a depth range of 10 to 24 metres (33 to 79 ft). Males can reach a maximum total length of 75 centimetres (30 in).

Congridae
The Congridae are the family of conger and garden eels. Congers are valuable and often large food fishes, while garden eels live in colonies, all protruding from the sea floor after the manner of plants in a garden (thus the name). The family includes over 220 species in 32 genera.

The European conger, Conger conger, is the largest of the family and of the Anguilliformes order that includes it; it has been recorded at up to 3 m (9.8 ft) in length and weighing 350 lb (160 kg).

Congrids are found in tropical, subtropical and temperate seas around the world. Clear distinguishing features among congrids are few; they all lack scales, and most possess pectoral fins. They feed on crustaceans and small fish.

The earliest known fossils of this group are otoliths from the Campanian of the United States.  A number of articulated specimens are known from the Paleogene of Europe.
Brit shalom (naming ceremony)
Brit shalom (Hebrew: ברית שלום; "Covenant of Peace"), also called alternative brit, brit ben, brit chayim, brit tikkun, or bris in Yiddish and Ashkenazi Hebrew, refers to a range of naming ceremonies for Jewish families that involve rejecting the traditional Jewish rite of circumcision.

Brit shalom is recognized by secular Jewish organizations affiliated with Humanistic Judaism like the International Institute for Secular Humanistic Judaism, Congress of Secular Jewish Organizations, Reconstructionist Judaism, and Society for Humanistic Judaism. Liberal Judaism generally recommends circumcision but allows Rabbis that do not to teach. Reform Judaism encourages all Jews (beyond extraordinary circumstances) to undergo circumcision, although some reform congregations will allow those who are not to participate in Jewish life and have since 1892.

Ashkenazi Hebrew
Ashkenazi Hebrew (Hebrew: הֲגִיָּה אַשְׁכְּנַזִּית, romanized: hagiyoh ashkenazis, Yiddish: אַשכּנזישע הבֿרה, romanized: ashkenazishe havore) is the pronunciation system for Biblical and Mishnaic Hebrew favored for Jewish liturgical use and Torah study by Ashkenazi Jewish practice.
Robin E. Mitchell
Robin E. Mitchell (born 10 March 1946 in Levuka) is a Fijian sports official.

A practicing medical doctor since 1977, he obtained his medical degree at the University of Adelaide in Australia. He was the team physician for Fijian athletes at the Olympic Games, Commonwealth Games and South Pacific Games from 1984 to 1992. In 1994, he was elected as a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), and remains a member to this day.

He served as Chairman of the South Pacific Games Organising Committee from 1997 to 2003, and simultaneously as President of the Fiji Association of Sports and National Olympic Committee from 1997 to 2005. He was Vice-President (1989–1993) then Secretary General (1993–2009) of the Oceania National Olympic Committees, and has served as its President since 2009. He is also, since 2001, a member of the Foundation Board of the World Anti-Doping Agency.

On October 20, 2022, he was appointed ANOC's president.

World Anti-Doping Agency
The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA; French: Agence mondiale antidopage, AMA) is an international organization co-founded by the governments of over 140 nations along with the International Olympic Committee based in Canada to promote, coordinate, and monitor the fight against drugs in sports. The agency's key activities include scientific research, education, development of anti-doping capacities, and monitoring of the World Anti-Doping Code, whose provisions are enforced by the UNESCO International Convention Against Doping in Sport. The aims of the Council of Europe Anti-Doping Convention and the United States Anti-Doping Agency are also closely aligned with those of WADA.

WADA is responsible for the World Anti-Doping Code, adopted by more than 650 sports organisations, including international sports federations, national anti-doping organisations, the IOC, and the International Paralympic Committee.
Guillaume de Gadagne
Guillaume de Gadagne (died 1601) was a French soldier and nobleman. He came from the Guadagni family, a rich family of bankers and businessmen from Pontassieve near Florence which had been forced out of Italy by the Medici.

Guadagni
Guadagni is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bernardo Guadagni (1361–1434), Gonfalonier of Justice

Gaetano Guadagni (1728–1792), Italian mezzo-soprano castrato singer

Giovanni Antonio Guadagni (1674–1759), Italian Roman Catholic cardinal

Nicky Guadagni (born 1952), Canadian actress