hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Subjacency
Subjacency is a general syntactic locality constraint on movement. It specifies restrictions placed on movement and regards it as a strictly local process. This term was first defined by Noam Chomsky in 1973 and constitutes the main concept of the Government and Binding Theory. The revised definition of subjacency from Chomsky (1977) is as follows: "A cyclic rule cannot move a phrase from position Y to position X (or conversely) in … X … [α… [β… Y … ] … ] … X …, where α and β are cyclic nodes. Cyclic nodes are S and NP", (where S=Sentence and NP=Noun Phrase).

This principle states that no movement can move an element over more than one bounding node at a time. In more recent frameworks, bounding nodes which are hurdles to movement are AgrP (Agreement phrase) and DP (Determiner phrase) (S and NP in Chomsky’s definition respectively). Therefore, Subjacency condition limits movement by defining bounding nodes. It also accounts for the fact that all movements are local.

Noun phrase
A noun phrase – or NP or nominal (phrase) – is a phrase that usually has a noun or pronoun as its head, and has the same grammatical functions as a noun. Noun phrases are very common cross-linguistically, and they may be the most frequently occurring phrase type.

Noun phrases often function as verb subjects and objects, as predicative expressions, and as complements of prepositions. One NP can be embedded inside another NP; for instance, some of his constituents has as a constituent the shorter NP his constituents.

In some theories of grammar, noun phrases with determiners are analyzed as having the determiner as the head of the phrase, see for instance Chomsky (1995) and Hudson (1990).
Chalcanthite
Chalcanthite (from Ancient Greek  χάλκανθον (khálkanthon), from  χαλκός (khalkós) 'copper' and  ἄνθος (ánthos) 'flower, bloom') is a richly colored blue-green water-soluble sulfate mineral CuSO4·5H2O. It is commonly found in the late-stage oxidation zones of copper deposits. Due to its ready solubility, chalcanthite is more common in arid regions.

Chalcanthite is a pentahydrate and the most common member of a group of similar hydrated sulfates, the chalcanthite group. These other sulfates are identical in chemical composition to chalcanthite, with the exception of replacement of the copper ion by either manganese as jokokuite, iron as melanterite, or magnesium as pentahydrite.

Other names include blue stone, blue vitriol, and copper vitriol.

Hydroxide
Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH−. It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a single covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge. It is an important but usually minor constituent of water. It functions as a base, a ligand, a nucleophile, and a catalyst. The hydroxide ion forms salts, some of which dissociate in aqueous solution, liberating solvated hydroxide ions. Sodium hydroxide is a multi-million-ton per annum commodity chemical.
The corresponding electrically neutral compound HO• is the hydroxyl radical. The corresponding covalently bound group −OH of atoms is the hydroxy group.
Both the hydroxide ion and hydroxy group are nucleophiles and can act as catalysts in organic chemistry.

Many inorganic substances which bear the word hydroxide in their names are not ionic compounds of the hydroxide ion, but covalent compounds which contain hydroxy groups.
North Lancashire and Cumbria League
The Cumbria Cricket League, formerly the North Lancashire and Cumbria League, is an independent club cricket league for teams in Northern Lancashire and Cumbria, England.

Other club cricket leagues in the North West of England include the Northern Premier Cricket League and the designated ECB Premier League Liverpool and District Cricket Competition as well as the independent Lancashire League and Central Lancashire League.

Club cricket
Club cricket is a mainly amateur, but still formal form of the sport of cricket, usually involving teams playing in competitions at weekends or in the evening. There is a great deal of variation in game format although the Laws of Cricket are observed. The main nations that club cricket is played in include Pakistan, England, Australia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, West Indies, New Zealand, Bangladesh, Nepal, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Ireland, Wales, Scotland, Netherlands, Hong Kong and in some of the major cities in India. Club cricket is also now played in the United States and Canada, as both countries have large communities of immigrants from mainstream cricket-playing regions such as the Caribbean, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australasia.
Dorchester Abbey Museum
Dorchester Abbey Museum is a local museum in the town of Dorchester, Oxfordshire, England. It is attached to Dorchester Abbey.

The museum occupies two buildings on the site of Dorchester Abbey. The Old Schoolroom, part of the former 14th-century guest house of the abbey, has displays of artefacts, illustrations and maps concerning the history of Dorchester and its surroundings. The area has been inhabited for over 6,000 years. It also houses a historical archive. The Cloister Gallery is a new gallery on the northern wall of the Abbey, built in 2001. It displays a permanent exhibition, "If Stones Could Speak", presenting the Abbey using its collection of carved and moulded medieval stonework.

The museum was short-listed for the 2006 Gulbenkian Prize for the Cloister Gallery.

Gulbenkian Prize
Gulbenkian Prize is a series of prizes awarded annually by the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation. The main Gulbenkian Prize was established in 1976 as the Gulbenkian Science Prize awarded to Portuguese individuals and organizations.

Starting 2012, the Foundation started giving a special international Prize funded by an annual award of €100,000 each in the field of human rights called the Calouste Gulbenkian Prize on Human Rights.

The Gulbenkian Science Prize has now been restructured and is known as the Gulbenkian Prizes on Cohesion, Knowledge and Sustainability and three prizes are awarded in each of the fields
Suit of Lights
Suit of Lights is a rock band. They have been described as an "indie rock manifestation" led by Joe Darone, whose noteworthy contributors include Trevor Dunn from Mr. Bungle, Steve Pedulla from Thursday, and Jamie Egan from Catch 22 and Streetlight Manifesto.

Catch 22 (band)
Catch 22 is an American ska punk band from East Brunswick Township, New Jersey. 
The band was formed in 1996 by guitarist/vocalist/songwriter Tomas Kalnoky, who left the band in 1998 and later formed Streetlight Manifesto. Founding members remaining in the band are vocalist/saxophonist Ryan Eldred, trumpeter Kevin Gunther, and drummer Chris Greer.
Hitda Codex
The Hitda Codex is an eleventh-century codex containing an evangeliary, a selection of passages from the Gospels, commissioned by Hitda, abbess of Meschede in about 1020. It is held at University and State Library Darmstadt. Hitda is depicted in the book's dedication miniature presenting the codex to the convent's patron, Saint Walburga. St. Walburga stands on a pedestal in the center of the composition, and has a golden halo surrounding her head. Behind the two women is the monastery that Hitda oversees, which fills the entire background.

The illuminations are highlights of the Cologne school in the later phases of the Ottonian Renaissance. The Hitda Codex contains the only surviving  Life of Christ cycle of illuminations produced in Cologne from this period. The cycle's cultural context has been replicated by Henry Mayr-Harting.

Cologne school of painting
The Cologne school of painting is the set of medieval German painters generally. 
This term, first applied in the 19th century, subsequently came to refer specifically to painters who had their workshops in medieval Cologne and the lower-Rhine region from about 1300 to 1550.
Nio (Buddhism)
Niō (in Japanese contexts) or Inwang (in Korean contexts) or Renwang (in Chinese contexts) or Nhân vương (in Vietnamese contexts), also known as the Deva or Benevolent Kings, are two wrathful and muscular guardians of the Buddha standing today at the entrance of many Buddhist temples in East Asian Buddhism in the form of frightening wrestler-like statues. They are dharmapala manifestations of the bodhisattva Vajrapāṇi, the oldest and most powerful of the Mahayana Buddhist pantheon. According to scriptures like the Pāli Canon as well as the Ambaṭṭha Sutta, they travelled with Gautama Buddha to protect him. Within the generally pacifist tradition of Buddhism, stories of dharmapalas justified the use of physical force to protect cherished values and beliefs against evil. They are also seen as a manifestation of Mahasthamaprapta, the bodhisattva of power that flanks Amitābha in Pure Land Buddhism and as Vajrasattva in Tibetan Buddhism.

Banna-ji
Banna-ji (鑁阿寺) is a Buddhist temple of the Shingon tradition in the city of Ashikaga, Tochigi Prefecture, in northern Kantō region of Japan.  The honzon of the temple is a statue of Dainichi Nyōrai, leading to the temple's nickname of Dainichisama,. The temple is built on the ruins of the ancestral fortified residence of the Ashikaga clan who ruled Japan during the Muromachi shogunate, and its grounds are a National Historic Site
Kanimozhi NVN Somu
Dr Kanimozhi NVN Somu is an Indian politician. She is a Member of Parliament, representing Tamil Nadu in the Rajya Sabha the upper house of Indian Parliament as a member of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. She is the State Medical Wing Secretary and spokesperson of the party. She is a Doctor, having done her MBBS at Kilpauk Medical College and Master of Surgery (Obstetrics & Gynaecology) from the Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute. She is the Founder and Chief Consultant of Thaaimai Hospital located at TTK ROAD, Alwarpet, Chennai and Thaaimai Fertility and Research Centre located at Gopalapuram, Chennai.

Upper house
An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house. The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller and often has more restricted power than the lower house. A legislature composed of only one house (and which therefore has neither an upper house nor a lower house) is described as unicameral.
Brigitte Horney
Brigitte Horney (German: [bʁiˈɡɪ.tə ˈhɔʁ.naɪ̯] ⓘ; 29 March 1911 – 27 July 1988) was a German theatre and film actress. Best remembered was her role as Empress Katherine the Great in the 1943 version of the UFA film version of Baron Münchhausen, directed by Josef von Báky, with Hans Albers in the title role.

Josef von Báky
Josef von Báky (23 March 1902, Zombor, Austria-Hungary – 28 July 1966, Munich, West Germany) was a Hungarian filmmaker. He was also known as Josef v. Baky and József Báky. Báky was born in the village of Zobor in the Kingdom of Hungary (today Zombor, Slovakia). He worked as an assistant to Géza von Bolváry.

He worked as director or producer on no less than 48 films. He died in Munich, Bavaria, West Germany.

Báky's best known film is Münchhausen, which was released in 1943. It is a fantasy-comedy and is noted for how it avoids politics of its time. The film was ordered by Nazi propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels to celebrate the 25th anniversary of UFA and to compete with Hollywood productions.
MLS Cup 2002
MLS Cup 2002 was the seventh edition of the MLS Cup, the championship match of Major League Soccer (MLS), which took place on October 20, 2002. It was hosted at Gillette Stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts, and contested by the New England Revolution and the Los Angeles Galaxy to decide the champion of the 2002 season. The Revolution, who were named hosts before the season, were playing in their first MLS Cup; Los Angeles had lost in all three of their previous cup appearances.

Los Angeles won their first championship 1–0 in the second overtime on a sudden-death goal scored by Carlos Ruiz. The match was attended by 61,316 spectators, the largest figure for any MLS Cup until 2018. It was also the last MLS final to end with a golden goal.

Taylor Twellman
Taylor Timothy Twellman (born February 29, 1980) is an American former soccer player who played professionally from 1999 to 2010. He now works in the media as a soccer television commentator for MLS Season Pass on Apple TV.

Twellman is best known for his play with the New England Revolution of Major League Soccer (MLS) from 2002 to 2009, during which time he scored more goals in MLS than any other player. He was the youngest player to score 100 goals in MLS in 2009 at the age of 29, and is New England's all-time leading goal scorer. Twellman was a five-time MLS all-star and in 2005 was the league MVP. Twellman also earned 30 caps for the United States national team, scoring 6 international goals.

Twellman has been active since his retirement in promoting awareness of concussions and working in the media as a color commentator for ESPN/ABC until 2023 and for Apple TV since 2023.
Palo Alto Networks
Palo Alto Networks, Inc. is an American multinational cybersecurity company with headquarters in Santa Clara, California. The core product is a platform that includes advanced firewalls and cloud-based offerings that extend those firewalls to cover other aspects of security. The company serves over 70,000 organizations in over 150 countries, including 85 of the Fortune 100. It is home to the Unit 42 threat research team and hosts the Ignite cybersecurity conference. It is a partner organization of the World Economic Forum.

In June 2018, former Google and SoftBank executive Nikesh Arora joined the company as Chairman and CEO.

Firewall (computing)
In computing, a firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on configurable security rules. A firewall typically establishes a barrier between a trusted network and an untrusted network, such as the Internet or between several VLANs. Firewalls can be categorized as network-based or host-based.
Meelin
Meelin (Irish: An Mhaoilinn, meaning 'bare, flat-topped hillock') is a village in northern County Cork, barony of Duhallow, Ireland. The village is near the border with County Limerick and County Kerry. Meelin is within the Cork North-West.

At 251 metres (823 ft) above sea level, Meelin is the highest village in Ireland, although Glencullen in County Dublin also claims to be the highest at about 251.5 metres (825 ft).

Cork North-West
Cork North-West is a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas. The constituency elects three deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
Ralph Vince
Raffaello D. "Ralph" Vince (March 18, 1900 – October 29, 1996) was an American football player for the Cleveland Indians, Cleveland Bulldogs, and the Cleveland Panthers. He later coached at Baldwin–Wallace College and John Carroll University. Outspoken and inventive as a coach, he was the inventor of the face mask. The original he created is on display at the Pro Football Hall of Fame in Canton, Ohio. He was the first coach to put an armband of plays on his quarterbacks' wrists, now a common sight in football. He attended Washington & Jefferson College and played in the 1922 Rose Bowl. He is distinguished as being the first Italian to play in the National Football League (NFL).

Baldwin Wallace University
Baldwin Wallace University (BW) is a private university in Berea, Ohio, United States. Established in 1845 as Baldwin Institute by Methodist businessman and former founder of a utopian community at Berea, Ohio John Baldwin, it merged with nearby German Wallace College in 1913 to become Baldwin-Wallace College. There are two campus sites: Berea, which serves as the main campus, and Corporate College East in Warrensville Heights, Ohio. The university enrolls approximately 3,300 full-time undergraduate and graduate students as of fall 2024. Baldwin Wallace's athletic teams compete as members of NCAA Division III athletics in the Ohio Athletic Conference.
Alfred Fitchett
Alfred Robertson Fitchett CMG (1836 – 19 April 1929) was the Dean of Dunedin from 1894 until 1929.

Born in Grantham, Lincolnshire, England, in 1836, Fitchett was ordained in 1879, and graduated MA from the University of Otago in 1882. He was Vicar of All Saints' Church, Dunedin for 49 years, he continued at All Saints as well as being Dean: he was also Archdeacon of Dunedin from 1915 to 1919.

In the 1928 King's Birthday Honours, Fitchett was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George. He died in Dunedin on 19 April 1929, and was buried in the Dunedin Northern Cemetery.

His son, William Fitchett, was Bishop of Dunedin from 1934 to 1952. His daughter, Margaret Fitchett, was an artist.

Grantham
Grantham (/ˈɡrænθəm/) is a market town and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated on the banks of the River Witham and bounded to the west by the A1 road; it lies 23 miles (37 km) south of Lincoln and 22 miles (35 km) east of Nottingham. The population in 2016 was 44,580. The town is the largest settlement and the administrative centre of the South Kesteven District.

Grantham was the birthplace of the UK's former prime minister Margaret Thatcher. The mathematician and scientist Isaac Newton was educated at the King's School. The town was the workplace of the UK's first warranted female police officer, Edith Smith, in 1914. The UK's first running diesel engine was made there in 1892 and the first tractor in 1896. Thomas Paine worked there as an excise officer in the 1760s. The villages of Manthorpe, Great Gonerby, Barrowby, Londonthorpe and Harlaxton form outlying suburbs of the town.
Franco D'Alessandro
Franco D'Alessandro (born June 15, 1967) is a New York-born playwright, poet, author, and educator. In the mid 1990s, he had eight one-act plays produced Off-Off Broadway in five years. The American playwright has had twenty-two international, Off-Broadway, and regional productions of his work and has been published or produced in eight languages over 11 countries on four continents. His Off-Broadway hit play Roman Nights explores the tumultuous lives of stage and screen legends Anna Magnani and Tennessee Williams. This play was a critical and commercial success in New York (2002) and London (2004); various productions of the play have been touring much of the world ever since, including a two-year run in South America and 15-year run in the Czech Republic and Eastern Europe. The play has been running somewhere on the globe every year for 20 years and has been nominated for and/or received various awards the world over.

Olympia Dukakis
Olympia Dukakis (June 20, 1931 – May 1, 2021) was an American actress. She performed in more than 130 stage productions, in some 60 films, and in approximately 50 television series. Best known as a screen actress, she started her career in theater. Not long after her arrival in New York City, she won an Obie Award for Best Actress in 1963 for her off-Broadway performance in Bertolt Brecht's Man Equals Man.

She later moved to film acting and won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe, among other accolades, for her performance in Moonstruck (1987). She received another Golden Globe nomination for Sinatra (1992) and Emmy Award nominations for Lucky Day (1991), More Tales of the City (1998) and Joan of Arc (1999). Dukakis's autobiography, Ask Me Again Tomorrow: A Life in Progress, was published in 2003. In 2018, a feature-length documentary about her life, titled Olympia, was released theatrically in the United States.
Skanderbeg Military High School
The Skanderbeg Military High School (Albanian: Shkollës së Mesme Ushtarake “Skënderbej), nicknamed as the Army Nursery was a military boarding school of the Albanian People's Army of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania. It served to prepare youth with general military education and the necessary secondary education to attend civilian and military higher military institutions. In doing so, it served as a feeder school for the Enver Hoxha United School of Officers. By 1960 about sixty-percent of the graduates of the United School of Officers came from the Military High School.

Chief of the General Staff (Albania)
The Chief of the General Staff (Albanian: Shef i Shtabit të Përgjithshëm) is the chief of the General Staff and Albanian Armed Forces. The chief of staff is appointed by the President of Albania, who is the commander-in-chief. The position was established on 4 May 1913 as part of the Provisional Government of Albania.
Jigdo
Jigdo (a portmanteau of "Jigsaw" and "download") is a utility typically used for downloading to piece together a large file, most commonly an optical disk image such as a CD, DVD or Blu-ray Disc (BD) image, from many smaller individual constituent files. The constituent files may be local and/or retrieved from one or more mirror sites. Jigdo's features are similar to BitTorrent, but unlike BitTorrent, Jigdo uses a client-server model, not peer-to-peer.

Jigdo itself is quite portable and is available for many UNIX and Unix-like operating systems,
and is also available for Microsoft Windows.

Released under the terms of the GPL-2.0-only license, Jigdo is free software.

Computer file
A computer file is a named collection of data treated as a unit by the system that manages it. Today, this system is called a file system. Many older computer systems lacked a distinct file system per se, yet a management feature is required in order to provide a file abstraction.

Files can be shared with and transferred between computers and mobile devices via removable media, networks, or the Internet.

Different types of computer files are designed for different purposes. A file may be designed to store a written message, a document, a spreadsheet, an image, a video, a program, or any wide variety of other kinds of data. Certain files can store multiple data types at once.

By using computer programs, a person can open, read, change, save, and close a computer file. Computer files may be reopened, modified, and copied an arbitrary number of times.
Philonome (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Philonome or Phylonome (Ancient Greek: Φιλονόμη) was a name shared by two individuals:

Phylonome, daughter of Nyctimus (son of Lycaon) and Arcadia. She was a maiden who used to hunt with Artemis until Ares seduced her in the guise of a shepherd. Being pregnant and fearing her father, she cast her twin children, Lycastus and Parrhasius, into the river Erymanthus, but they found haven in the trunk of a tree. Later a wolf suckled the children and a shepherd, Gyliphus, reared them as if they were his own sons.

Philonome, also called Polyboea or Scamandria, daughter of Tragasus and second wife of King Cycnus of Colonae. She fell in love with her stepson Tenes and, being rejected, falsely accused him before Cycnus of having made love to her. But when her husband discovered the truth, he buried her alive in the earth.

Erymanthos (river)
The Erymanthos (Greek: Ερύμανθος, Latin: Erymanthus) is a river in the western part of the Peloponnese in Greece. Its source is on the southern slope of Mount Erymanthos, near the village of Agrampela, Achaea. It flows towards the south through a rocky landscape and receives several small tributaries. The river flows into an area rich in pine trees and passes several small mountain villages including Tripotama. Beyond Tripotama it forms the border between Elis and Arcadia. It flows east of the Foloi oak forest. The river empties into the Alfeios 5 km west of the Ladon) confluence, near the village Tripotamia.