hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Section 22 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act
Section 22, as referred to in shorthand, is a provision of permanent United States agricultural law (Agricultural Adjustment Act Amendment of 1935, P.L. 74-320) that allows the President to impose import fees or import quotas to prevent imports from non-WTO member countries from undermining the price support and supply control objectives of domestic farm programs.

Legislation implementing The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture exempts NAFTA partners and WTO member countries from Section 22 quotas and fees. Under both trade agreements, the United States converted then-in-effect Section 22 restrictions into tariff-rate quotas. This effectively eliminates Section 22 as a tool to shield domestic price support operations.

Agreement on Agriculture
The Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) is an international treaty of the World Trade Organization. It was negotiated during the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, and entered into force with the establishment of the WTO on 1 January 1995.
Gigantic (musical)
Gigantic is a rock musical comedy written by Randy Blair, Timothy Michael Drucker, and Matthew roi Berger. It was originally performed as Fat Camp at the 2009 New York Musical Theatre Festival, directed by Alex Timbers, and produced by Carl Levin and Michael Minarik. The production was awarded the 2009 Best of Fest Award, in addition to other honors.

In 2015, the musical opened Off-Broadway as Gigantic, produced by the Vineyard Theatre at the Acorn Theatre on Theatre Row. The production, which opened on December 3, 2015, starred Max Wilcox, Ryann Redmond, Jared Loftin, Larry Owens, Bonnie Milligan, Leslie Kritzer, and Burke Moses.

New York Musical Theatre Festival
The New York Musical Festival (NYMF) was an annual event held each summer from 2004 to 2019 in New York City's midtown theater district. It mounted more than 30 new musicals each year, more than half selected through an open-submission, double-blind evaluation process involving prominent theater artists and producers. The festival's artist staff invited the remaining shows. NYMF premiered some 447 musicals, engaging more than 8,000 artists and attracting over 300,000 attendees.

More than 100 of these productions were later staged in other venues—in all 50 US states and in 27 countries, reaching an audience of about four million people, by festival officials' count. More than 20 NYMF shows produced cast albums.
Nompumelelo Hospital
Nompumelelo Hospital is a Provincial government funded hospital for the Ngqushwa Local Municipality area in Peddie, Eastern Cape in South Africa.

The hospital departments include Emergency department, Paediatric ward, Maternity ward, Obstetrics, Gynaecology Services, Out Patients Department, Surgical Services, Medical Services, Operating Theatre & CSSD Services, Pharmacy, Anti-Retroviral (ARV) treatment for HIV/AIDS, Post Trauma Counseling Services, Physiotherapy, Occupational Services, Laboratory Services, X-ray Services, Laundry Services and Kitchen Services.

Operating theater
An operating theater (or operation theater, OT; also known as an operating room or OR, as well as an operating suite or operation suite) is a facility within a hospital where surgical operations are carried out in an aseptic environment.

Historically, the term operating theater referred to a non-sterile, tiered theater or amphitheater in which students and other spectators could watch surgeons perform surgery. Contemporary operating rooms are usually devoid of a theater setting, making the term operating theater a misnomer in those cases.
Jürgen Krogmann
Jürgen Krogmann (born 14 November 1963), is a German politician for the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). He was a member of the Landtag of Lower Saxony from 2008 to 2014, and since November 2014 has been the mayor of Oldenburg.

Oldenburg (city)
Oldenburg (German pronunciation: [ˈɔldn̩bʊʁk] ⓘ; Northern Low Saxon: Ollnborg) is an independent city in the state of Lower Saxony, Germany.  The city is officially named Oldenburg (Oldb) (Oldenburg in Oldenburg) to distinguish from Oldenburg in Holstein.

During the French annexation (1811–1813) in the wake of the Napoleonic war against Britain, it was also known as Le Vieux-Bourg in French. The city is at the rivers Hunte and Haaren, in the northwestern region between the cities of Bremen in the east and Groningen (Netherlands) in the west. According to Germany's 2022 census, the city's population is 176.068 in 2024. Oldenburg is part of the Northwest Metropolitan Region, which is home to approximately 2.8 million people.

The city is the place of origin of the House of Oldenburg. Before the end of the German Empire (1918), it was the administrative centre and residence of the monarchs of Oldenburg.
Fenichel
Fenichel is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Eli Fenichel, American economist

Haimi Fenichel (born 1972), Israeli artist

Lilly Fenichel (1927–2016), Austrian-born American painter

Max Fenichel (1885–1942), Austrian photographer

Neil Fenichel, mathematician who introduced the normally hyperbolic invariant manifold

Otto Fenichel (1897–1946), Austrian psychoanalyst

Sámuel Fenichel (1868–1893), Hungarian explorer

Normally hyperbolic invariant manifold
A normally hyperbolic invariant manifold (NHIM) is a natural generalization of a hyperbolic fixed point and a hyperbolic set.  The difference can be described heuristically as follows:  For a manifold  to be normally hyperbolic we are allowed to assume that the dynamics of  itself is neutral compared with the dynamics nearby, which is not allowed for a hyperbolic set. NHIMs were introduced by Neil Fenichel in 1972.  In this and subsequent papers, Fenichel proves that NHIMs possess stable and unstable manifolds and more importantly, NHIMs and their stable and unstable manifolds persist under small perturbations.  Thus, in problems involving perturbation theory, invariant manifolds exist with certain hyperbolicity properties, which can in turn be used to obtain qualitative information about a dynamical system.
Anita Bhadel
Anita Bhimsingh Bhadel (born 23 December 1972) is an Indian politician, social worker, and former Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Women and Child Development in the Government of Rajasthan. She is a member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly, representing the Ajmer South constituency and belongs to the Bharatiya Janata Party. She was honoured with the Nari Shakti Puraskar in 2017.

Nari Shakti Puraskar
The Nari Shakti Puraskar (lit. 'Woman Power Award') is an annual award given by the Ministry of Women and Child Development of the Government of India to individual women or to institutions that work towards the cause of women empowerment. It is presented by the president of India on International Women's Day (8 March) at Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi. The award was instituted in 1999 under the title of Stree Shakti Puraskar (lit. 'Woman Power Award'), renamed and reorganised in 2015. It is awarded in six institutional and two individual categories, which carry a cash prize of 200,000 and 100,000 rupees, respectively.
Archie Strang (rugby union)
William Archibald Strang (18 October 1906 – 13 February 1989) was a New Zealand rugby union player. A first five-eighth and halfback, Strang represented South Canterbury at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, from 1928 to 1931. He played 17 matches for the All Blacks including five internationals, and captained the side in his final Test match, against Australia in 1931.

Strang served with the 2nd New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF) in World War II. He later served on the South Canterbury Rugby Union, and as selector–coach for the Tauranga sub-union. He died in Tauranga on 13 February 1989, and his ashes were buried at Pyes Pa Cemetery.

New Zealand Expeditionary Force
The New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF) was the title of the military forces sent from New Zealand to fight alongside other British Empire and Dominion troops during World War I (1914–1918) and World War II (1939–1945). Ultimately, the NZEF of World War I became known as the First New Zealand Expeditionary Force. The NZEF of World War II was known as the Second New Zealand Expeditionary Force (2NZEF).

The 2NZEF was led by General Bernard Freyberg.
Bratřejov
Bratřejov is a municipality and village in Zlín District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 800 inhabitants.

Bratřejov lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) east of Zlín and 270 km (170 mi) east of Prague.

Zlín
Zlín (in 1949–1989 Gottwaldov; Czech pronunciation: [zliːn]; German: Zlin) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 75,000 inhabitants. It is the seat of the Zlín Region and it lies on the Dřevnice River. It is known as an industrial centre. The development of the modern city is closely connected to the Bata Shoes company and its social scheme, developed after World War I. A large part of Zlín is urbanistically and architecturally valuable and is protected as an urban monument zone.
From Death to the Stars
From Death to the Stars is a collection of a fantasy novel and science fiction short stories by L. Ron Hubbard.  It was published in 1953 by Fantasy Publishing Company, Inc. in an edition of 300 copies.  The book is an omnibus edition of Hubbard's Death's Deputy and The Kingslayer.  Many of the stories had first appeared in the magazines Unknown and Astounding.

Fantasy literature
Fantasy literature is literature set in an imaginary universe, often but not always without any locations, events, or people from the real world. Magic, the supernatural and magical creatures are common in many of these imaginary worlds. Fantasy literature may be directed at both children and adults.

Fantasy is considered a genre of speculative fiction and is distinguished from the genres of science fiction and horror by the absence of scientific or macabre themes, respectively, though these may overlap. Historically, most works of fantasy were in written form, but since the 1960s, a growing segment of the genre has taken the form of fantasy films, fantasy television programs, graphic novels, video games, music and art.

Many fantasy novels originally written for children and adolescents also attract an adult audience. Examples include Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, the Harry Potter series, The Chronicles of Narnia, and The Hobbit.
Fredericksburg: The Union Repulsed
Fredericksburg: The Union Repulsed is a board wargame published by Simulations Publications, Inc. (SPI) in 1975 that simulates the Battle of Fredericksburg during the American Civil War. The game was originally part of the four-game collection Blue & Gray II, and was also released as a stand-alone "folio" game.

Simulations Publications, Inc.
Simulations Publications, Inc. (SPI) was an American publisher of board wargames and related magazines, particularly its flagship Strategy & Tactics, in the 1970s and early 1980s. It produced an enormous number of games and introduced innovative practices, changing the course of the wargaming hobby in its bid to take control of the hobby away from then-dominant Avalon Hill. SPI ran out of cash in early 1982 when TSR called in a loan secured by SPI's assets. TSR began selling SPI's inventory in 1982, but later acquired the company's trademarks and copyrights in 1983 and continued a form of the operation until 1987.
The Lodge (audio mastering)
The Lodge is an audio mastering facility located in Manhattan, New York City. It was founded by Emily Lazar in 1997. Over the years The Lodge has mastered recordings for many well known musicians, including David Bowie, The Subways, Foo Fighters,  Lou Reed, Paul McCartney, Sinéad O'Connor, Natalie Merchant,  Marianne Faithfull, and Madonna. The engineers have also mastered sound tracks for movies such as American Psycho and Thievery Corporation.

Thievery Corporation
Thievery Corporation is an American electronic music duo consisting of Rob Garza and Eric Hilton. Their musical style mixes elements of dub, acid jazz, reggae, Indian classical, Middle Eastern music, hip hop, electronica, and Brazilian music, including bossa nova.
1999 Indonesian presidential election
From 20 to 21 October 1999, the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), the legislative branch of Indonesia, met to elect both the president and vice president of the country for the 1999–2004 term. The incumbent president, B. J. Habibie, had ascended after the resignation of longtime president Suharto in 1998, but declined to stand for a full term after his accountability speech was voted down. On 20 October, Abdurrahman Wahid, chairman of the Nahdlatul Ulama, was elected president and inaugurated on the same day. Wahid's opponent, Megawati Sukarnoputri was subsequently elected vice president the next day. The elections represented the first relatively democratic and peaceful transfer of power in the history of Indonesia. It was also the first presidential election decided by counting of votes.

Peaceful transition of power
A peaceful transition or transfer of power is a concept important to democratic governments in which the leadership of a government peacefully hands over control of government to a newly elected leadership. This may be after elections or during the transition from a different kind of political regime, such as the post-communist period after the fall of the Soviet Union.

In scholarship examining democratization and emerging democracies, study of the successful transitions of power is used to understand the transition to constitutional democracy and the relative stability of that government. A 2014 study concluded that 68 countries had never had a peaceful transition of power due to an election since 1788.
Geologists Island
Geologists Island is an island, 0.5 kilometres (0.25 nmi) long, lying south of Ardley Island in the entrance of Hydrographers Cove, Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, in the South Shetland Islands. The approved name is a translation of the Russian "Ostrov Geologov" (geologists' island), applied in 1968 following Soviet Antarctic Expedition surveys from Bellingshausen Station.

Hydrographers Cove
Hydrographers Cove (62°12′51″S 58°57′14″W﻿ / ﻿62.21414°S 58.95375°W﻿ / -62.21414; -58.95375) is a cove between the southwest side of Ardley Island and Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, in the South Shetland Islands. The approved name is a translation of the Russian "Bukhta Gidrografov" (bay of the hydrographers), applied in 1968 following Soviet Antarctic Expedition surveys from Bellingshausen Station.
Symmetric cone
In mathematics, symmetric cones, sometimes called domains of positivity, are open convex self-dual cones in Euclidean space which have a transitive group of symmetries, i.e. invertible operators that take the cone onto itself. By the Koecher–Vinberg theorem these correspond to the cone of squares in finite-dimensional real Euclidean Jordan algebras, originally studied and classified by Jordan, von Neumann & Wigner (1934). The tube domain associated with a symmetric cone is a noncompact Hermitian symmetric space of tube type. All the algebraic and geometric structures associated with the symmetric space can be expressed naturally in terms of the Jordan algebra. The other irreducible Hermitian symmetric spaces of noncompact type correspond to Siegel domains of the second kind. These can be described in terms of more complicated structures called Jordan triple systems, which generalize Jordan algebras without identity.

Siegel domain
In mathematics, a Siegel domain or Piatetski-Shapiro domain is a special open subset of complex affine space generalizing the Siegel upper half plane studied by Siegel (1939). They were introduced by Piatetski-Shapiro (1959, 1969) in his study of bounded homogeneous domains.
Hilbert–Schmidt operator
In mathematics, a Hilbert–Schmidt operator, named after David Hilbert and Erhard Schmidt, is a bounded operator  that acts on a Hilbert space  and has finite Hilbert–Schmidt norm

where  is an orthonormal basis. The index set  need not be countable. However, the sum on the right must contain at most countably many non-zero terms, to have meaning. This definition is independent of the choice of the orthonormal basis. 
In finite-dimensional Euclidean space, the Hilbert–Schmidt norm  is identical to the Frobenius norm.

Erhard Schmidt
Erhard Schmidt (13 January 1876 – 6 December 1959) was a Baltic German mathematician whose work significantly influenced the direction of mathematics in the twentieth century. Schmidt was born in Tartu (German: Dorpat), in the Governorate of Livonia (now Estonia).
Centerbrook Architects & Planners
Centerbrook Architects & Planners is an American architecture firm founded in 1975 and based in Centerbrook, Connecticut. Centerbrook is one of 37 active firms nationwide to have won the Architecture Firm Award, annually bestowed by the American Institute of Architects.

Centerbrook, Connecticut
Centerbrook is a hamlet located in the town of Essex, Connecticut, United States. The village is home to numerous businesses: the Essex Steam Train, a post office, and Essex Elementary School. It has many houses but it is generally considered the more commercial part of Essex.

The village consists of the area immediately west of the Route 9 expressway, extending southwest along Route 153 to Tiffany Brook, west along Main Street to Earl Street, and north along Route 154 to Route 9.
2008 ADAC GT Masters
The 2008 ADAC GT Masters season was the second season of the ADAC GT Masters, the grand tourer-style sports car racing founded by the German automobile club ADAC. It began on 10 June at Motorsport Arena Oschersleben and finished on 21 September at Sachsenring after seven double-header meetings. Tim Bergmeister with help of his brother Jörg, Marc Basseng and Frank Stippler clinched the championship title.

ADAC GT Masters
The ADAC GT Masters is a grand tourer-based auto racing series founded by the international Stéphane Ratel Organisation (SRO) and supported by the German ADAC automotive club.  Similar to an earlier ADAC GT Cup series in the 1990s, the new GT Masters ran their first season in 2007. Although the series is based in Germany, select events are run elsewhere in Europe.
Southern Pacific class MC-4
Southern Pacific Railroad's MC-4 class of steam locomotive was the second class ordered and built as cab forward locomotives.  Southern Pacific (SP) found the MC-2 class sufficient for a proof-of-concept for cab forward locomotives and sought to continue with now tested designs.

In service, SP found that the locomotives were a little too slow for the traffic needs.  By 1930, all of the MC-4 class had been "simpled" to use uniform size cylinders and feedwater heaters were installed to address the issue.  They were then reclassified as AC-2 locomotives.  As rebuilt, the locomotives continued in service through the end of World War II.

Feedwater heater
A feedwater heater is a power plant component used to pre-heat water delivered to a steam generating boiler. Preheating the feedwater reduces the irreversibilities involved in steam generation and therefore improves the thermodynamic efficiency of the system.  This reduces plant operating costs and also helps to avoid thermal shock to the boiler metal when the feedwater is introduced back into the steam cycle.

In a steam power plant (usually modeled as a modified Rankine cycle), feedwater heaters allow the feedwater to be brought up to the saturation temperature very gradually.  This minimizes the inevitable irreversibilities associated with heat transfer to the working fluid (water). See the article on the second law of thermodynamics for a further discussion of such irreversibilities.
Pâlis
Pâlis (French pronunciation: [palis] ⓘ), officially Palis, is a former commune in the Aube department in north-central France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Aix-Villemaur-Pâlis.

Aube
Aube (French pronunciation: [ob] ⓘ ohb) is a French department in the Grand Est region of northeastern France. As with sixty departments in France, this department is named after a river: the Aube. With 310,242 inhabitants (2019), Aube is the 74th department in terms of population. The inhabitants of the department are known as Aubois or Auboises.

The department was constituted by a decree of the National Assembly of 15 January 1790.
Edward Murphy (Canadian senator)
Edward Murphy (July 26, 1818 – December 5, 1895) was a Canadian politician.

Born in County Carlow, Ireland, he emigrated to Lower Canada when he was six. He was appointed to the Senate for the division of Victoria, Quebec on the advice of Sir John A. Macdonald in 1889. A Liberal-Conservative, he served until his death in 1895.

In 1882, he was made a Knight of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre.

There is an Edward Murphy fonds at Library and Archives Canada.

Liberal-Conservative Party
The Liberal-Conservative Party (French: le Parti libéral-conservateur) was the formal name of the Conservative Party of Canada until 1917, and again from 1922 to 1938. Prior to 1970, candidates could run under any label they chose, and in many of Canada's early elections, there were both "Liberal-Conservative" and "Conservative" candidates; however, these were simply different labels used by candidates of the same party. Both were part of Sir John A. Macdonald's government and official Conservative and Liberal-Conservative candidates would not, generally, run against each other. It was also common for a candidate to run on one label in one election and the other in a subsequent election.
Shoplifters of the World Unite
"Shoplifters of the World Unite" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by Morrissey and Johnny Marr. Morrissey's lyrics, which endorsed shoplifting and referenced Karl Marx, were controversial at the time of the song's release. Musically, the song continues the glam rock styling of other Smiths singles during the period and includes a short guitar solo from Marr.

"Shoplifters of the World Unite" was first released as a non-album single in January 1987, after the band decided to scrap the single release of their original A-side, "You Just Haven't Earned It Yet, Baby". The song was a commercial success, reaching number twelve in the UK, and has been included on compilation albums such as The World Won't Listen and Louder Than Bombs. It has since seen critical acclaim and Morrissey has named the song as a personal favourite.

The Tube (1982 TV series)
The Tube is a United Kingdom music television programme, which ran for five series, from 5 November 1982 to 24 April 1987. It was filmed in Newcastle upon Tyne and produced for Channel 4 by Tyne Tees Television, which had previously produced the similar music show Alright Now and the music-oriented youth show Check it Out for ITV; production of the latter ended in favour of The Tube.

The Tube was presented live by hosts including Jools Holland, Paula Yates, Leslie Ash, Muriel Gray, Gary James, Mark Miwurdz (Mark Hurst), Michel Cremona, Felix Howard, Tony Fletcher, Nick Laird-Clowes and Mike Everitt. The show was directed by Gavin Taylor; Geoff Wonfor directed some of the insert videos along with other staff programme director of Tyne Tees Television Martin Cairns. Many other specials were made, including one for the eve of the millennium.

The brand name was relaunched by Channel 4 as an online radio station in November 2006.