hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yurii Khmelnytsky
Yurii Khmelnytsky (Ruthenian: Юрый Хмелницкій / Юрий Хмелницкий / Юрій Хмелницкій; Ukrainian: Юрій Хмельницький, Polish: Jerzy Chmielnicki, Russian: Юрий Хмельницкий), monastic name Hedeon (1641 – 1685(?)), younger son of the famous Ukrainian Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky and brother of Tymofiy Khmelnytsky, was a Zaporozhian Cossack political and military leader. Although he spent half of his adult life as a monk and archimandrite, he also was Hetman of Ukraine on several occasions — in 1659-1660 and 1678–1681 and starost of Hadiach, becoming one of the most well-known Ukrainian politicians of the "Ruin" period for the Cossack Hetmanate.

Ruthenian language
Ruthenian (see also other names) was a written language used from the 14th to the 18th centuries within the East Slavic-speaking regions of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Literary Ruthenian is considered to be a historical precursor to the modern Belarusian and Ukrainian languages (occasionally also to Rusyn), although neither standard language directly continues the Ruthenian written tradition.

Several linguistic issues are debated among linguists: various questions related to classification of literary and vernacular varieties of this language; issues related to meanings and proper uses of various endonymic (native) and exonymic (foreign) glottonyms (names of languages and linguistic varieties); questions on its relation to modern East Slavic languages, and its relation to Old East Slavic (the colloquial language used in Kievan Rus' in the 10th through 13th centuries).
Uroš Kovačević
Uroš Kovačević (Serbian Cyrillic: Урош Ковачевић; born 6 May 1993) is a Serbian professional volleyball player who plays as an outside hitter for PAOK Thessaloniki. Kovačević has won 2 European Champion titles (2011, 2019) and the 2016 World League with the Serbia national team.

Men's European Volleyball Championship
The Men's European Volleyball Championship (EuroVolley) is the official competition for senior men's national volleyball teams of Europe, organized by the European Volleyball Confederation (CEV). The initial gap between championships was variable, but since 1975 they have been awarded every two years. The current champion is Poland, which won its second title at the 2023 tournament.
2014–15 Biathlon World Cup – Relay Women
The 2014–15 Biathlon World Cup – Relay Women started on Saturday December 13, 2014 in Hochfilzen and finished on Friday, March 13, 2015 at the World Championships in Kontiolahti. The defending titlist Germany finished on the 2nd place. The title was won by the Czech Republic.

Biathlon World Championships 2015
The 47th Biathlon World Championships were held in Kontiolahti, Finland from 5 March to 15 March 2015.

There were a total of 11 competitions: sprint, pursuit, individual, mass start, and relay races for men and women, and mixed relay. All the events during this championships also counted for the 2014–15 Biathlon World Cup season.
Bob Rau
Bantwal Ramakrishna "Bob" Rau (1951 – December 10, 2002) was a computer engineer and HP Fellow. Rau was a founder and chief architect of Cydrome, where he helped develop the very long instruction word (VLIW) technology,  that is now common in modern computer processors. Rau was the recipient of the 2002 Eckert–Mauchly Award. The IEEE Computer Society established the "B. Ramakrishna Rau Award" in his memory. Past recipients include major contributors to the microarchitecture field.

Eckert–Mauchly Award
The Eckert–Mauchly Award recognizes contributions to digital systems and computer architecture. It  is known as the computer architecture community’s most prestigious award.  First awarded in 1979, it was named for John Presper Eckert and John William Mauchly, who between 1943 and 1946 collaborated on the design and construction of the first large scale electronic computing machine, known as ENIAC, the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer.  A certificate and $5,000 are awarded jointly by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and the IEEE Computer Society for outstanding contributions to the field of computer and digital systems architecture.
Bombing of Singapore (1941)
The bombing of Singapore was an attack on 8 December 1941 by seventeen G3M Nell bombers of Mihoro Air Group (Mihoro Kaigun Kōkūtai), Imperial Japanese Navy, flying from Thu Dau Mot in southern Indochina. The attack began at around 0430, shortly after Japanese forces landed on Kota Bharu, Kelantan in northern Malaya. It was the first knowledge the Singapore population had that war had broken out in the Far East.

South-East Asian theatre of World War II
The South-East Asian Theatre of World War II consisted of the campaigns of the Pacific War in the Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, Indochina, Burma, India, Malaya, and Singapore between 1941 and 1945.

Japan attacked British and American territories with near-simultaneous offensives against Southeast Asia and the Central Pacific on 7/8 December 1941. Action in this theatre ended when Japan announced an intent to surrender on 15 August 1945. The formal surrender of Japan ceremony took place on 2 September 1945.
Dalamchaur
Dalamchaur  is a village and municipality in Gulmi District in the Lumbini Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2597 persons living in 524 individual households.

Lumbini Zone
Lumbini (Nepali: लुम्बिनी अञ्चलListenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal until the restructure of zones to provinces. Within the zone is the city of Lumbini, widely believed to be the birthplace of Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism and renowned as a major Buddhist pilgrimage site. The zone's headquarters was Butwal.
Regio IX Circus Flaminius
The Regio IX Circus Flaminius is the ninth regio of imperial Rome, under Augustus's administrative reform. Regio IX took its name from the racecourse located in the southern end of the Campus Martius, close to Tiber Island. It is where Julius Caesar was assassinated.

Ponte Sant'Angelo
Ponte Sant'Angelo, originally the Aelian Bridge or Pons Aelius, is a Roman bridge in Rome, Italy, completed in 134 AD by Roman Emperor Hadrian (Publius Aelius Hadrianus), to span the Tiber from the city centre to his newly constructed mausoleum, now the towering Castel Sant'Angelo. The bridge is faced with travertine marble and spans the Tiber with five arches, three of which are Roman; it was approached by means of a ramp from the river. The bridge is now solely pedestrian and provides a scenic view of Castel Sant'Angelo. It links the rioni of Ponte (which was named after the bridge itself), and Borgo, to which the bridge administratively belongs.
Mesut Yavaş
Mesut Yavaş (born 14 April 1978) is a Turkish athlete.

He competed in the men's long jump at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

He achieved the Turkish indoor record in the long jump in March 2000, jumping 8.09 metres in Ames, Iowa. That summer, he jumped 8.08 metres in Istanbul, setting a Turkish outdoor record.
In the same year he finished second at the Balkan Championships, and took his sole Turkish championship.

Yavaş won the Balkan Championships in 2001. He was able to compete in the ISTAF meet and also competed at the 2001 World Championships without reaching the final. In 2003 he finished fourth at the Balkan Championships, and competed at the Summer Universiade without reaching the final. He subsequently ceased competing.

Competing in the US college system for Arkansas State University, he graduated with a bachelor's degree in engineering in late 2005.

Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's long jump
The men's long jump event at the 2000 Summer Olympics took place on Monday, 25 September, and Thursday, 28 September 2000, in Sydney, Australia. Fifty-three athletes from 38 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The event was won by Iván Pedroso of Cuba, the nation's first medal and title in the men's long jump; it snapped a four-Games streak of American (and, specifically, Carl Lewis) victories. Jai Taurima took silver, Australia's third silver in the event (1948 and 1984). Roman Shchurenko earned Ukraine's first medal in the men's long jump with his bronze. It was the first time the United States had competed in the event and not won at least a silver medal; the Americans had previously failed to place in the top two only at the boycotted 1980 Games.
John P. Stewart
John Pogue Stewart (June 1, 1876 – January 27, 1922) was an American football and basketball coach.  He was the fifth head football coach at Illinois State University in Normal, Illinois, serving for four seasons, from 1903 to 1906, compiling are record of 14–11–1.

Stewart taught sciences including biology and physics at Illinois high schools before and during his time at Illinois State. He also studied horticulture at Cornell University, receiving his A.B. in 1902.

Stewart was later a professor at Pennsylvania State University as well as a fruit grower, botanist and horticulturist. He died at his York, Pennsylvania home in 1922. At the time of his death, he was the head of the department of pomology at Penn State.

Pomology
Pomology (from Latin pomum, "fruit", + -logy, "study") is a branch of botany that studies fruits and their cultivation. Someone who researches and practices the science of pomology is called a pomologist.

Pomological research is mainly focused on the development, enhancement, cultivation, and physiological studies of fruit trees. The goals of fruit tree improvement include enhancement of fruit quality, regulation of production periods, and reduction of production costs.

The term fruticulture (from Latin fructus, "fruit", + cultura, "care") is also used to describe the agricultural practice of growing fruits in orchards. It is applied horticulture of growing, managing, and producing fruit crops.

It focuses on:

Orchard establishment and layout

Pruning, training, and canopy management

Irrigation and fertilization

Pest and disease control

Harvesting and orchard management practices
I've got your nose
I've got your nose is a children's game in which a person pretends to pluck and remove the nose from the face of a toddler by showing an object supposedly representing the stolen body part. The trick or prank is meant as an illusion, since a person cannot easily observe the status of their own nose.

Practical joke
A practical joke or prank is a trick played on people, generally causing the victim to experience embarrassment, perplexity, confusion, discomfort, or irritation. The perpetrator of a practical joke is called a "practical joker" or "prankster". Other terms for practical jokes include gag,  rib, jape, shenanigan, and troll. Some countries in western nations make it tradition to carry out pranks on April Fools' Day and Mischief Night.
Holy Du'a
Holy Du'ā (archaically transliterated Doowa) is the mandatory Nizari Isma'ili prayer recited three times a day: Fajr prayer at dawn, Maghrib prayer at sundown and Isha prayer in the evening. Each Holy Du'a consists of 6 rakat, totaling 18 per day, as opposed to the 17 of Sunni and Twelver salat (namaz).

Only Nizaris are permitted to enter the prayer house, the Jama'at Khana, during the recitation the Holy Du'a; however, prayers can be performed at home or other places.

Fajr (prayer)
The fajr prayer, alternatively transliterated as fadjr prayer, and also known as the subh prayer, is one of the five daily mandatory Islamic prayers (salah). Consisting of two rak'a ("bows"), it is performed between the break of dawn and sunrise. It is one of two prayers mentioned by name in the Qur'an.
Glidcop
Glidcop is a family of copper-based metal matrix composite (MMC) alloys mixed primarily with small amounts of aluminum oxide ceramic particles. It is a trademark of North American Höganäs. The name is sometimes written GlidCop or GLIDCOP.

The aluminum oxide particles block dislocation creep, which retards recrystallization and prevents grain growth; thus preserving the metal's strength at high temperatures. They also protect the metal against radiation damage.  On the other hand, they exclude the possibly of heat treatment or hot working of the worked parts.

Recrystallization (metallurgy)
In materials science, recrystallization is a process by which deformed grains are replaced by a new set of defect-free grains that nucleate and grow until the original grains have been entirely consumed. Recrystallization is usually accompanied by a reduction in the strength and hardness of a material and a simultaneous increase in the ductility. Thus, the process may be introduced as a deliberate step in metals processing or may be an undesirable byproduct of another processing step. The most important industrial uses are softening of metals previously hardened or rendered brittle by cold work, and control of the grain structure in the final product. Recrystallization temperature is typically 0.3–0.4 times the melting point for pure metals and 0.5 times for alloys.
Motono, Chiba
Motono (本埜村, Motono-mura) was a village located in Inba District, Chiba Prefecture, Japan.

Motono Village was created on April 1, 1914, through the merger of Hongo and Yawara Villages. The development of Chiba New Town greatly accelerated the development of the village, which became a bedroom community for Chiba.

As of February 2011, the village had an estimated population of 9,055 and a density of 382 persons per km2. The total area was 23.72 km2.

On March 23, 2010, Motono, along with the village of Inba (also from Inba District), was merged into the expanded city of Inzai.

Chiba New Town
The Chiba New Town development was launched in the 1960s by the government of Chiba Prefecture in Japan and is located in the northern part of the prefecture. It includes parts of the cities of Funabashi, Shiroi, and Inzai. With an original target population of over 300,000 people, over 2900 ha, it was intended to be self-sustaining. The scale has since been reduced to 1900 ha, and the target population (now 147,000) has not been reached. It is served by train lines connecting to Tokyo and Narita Airport.
Edward Hasell
Edward William Hasell (26 April 1889 — 7 April 1966) was a New Zealand rugby union international.

Born in Christchurch, Hasell was a Merivale and Canterbury player, capped twice by the All Blacks against the touring 1913 Australians. He played as a forward but was a noted goal-kicker, specialising in the now obsolete goal from mark.

Hasell served with the NZ Field Artillery in World War I and toured with the New Zealand Army team.

In 1920, Hasell toured New South Wales with the All Blacks and featured in five matches. Two of his appearances, against the Waratahs, were uncapped, but are considered Test matches by Australia.

Hasell was a member of the Canterbury side which were the only provincial side to beat the visiting Springboks in 1921.

New South Wales Waratahs
The New South Wales Waratahs (/ˈwɒrətɑːz/ or /ˌwɒrəˈtɑːz/;), often referred to as the Waratahs, are an Australian professional rugby union team based in Sydney that represents the majority of New South Wales in the Super Rugby Pacific competition. The Waratahs play their home games at the new Sydney Football Stadium.
The Fix (opera)
The Fix is an opera by composer Joel Puckett and librettist Eric Simonson. As The Fix: Opera in Two Acts the work received its world premiere at the Ordway Theater, Saint Paul, Minnesota, on March 16, 2019 under the directorship and dramaturgy of Eric Simonson.

Ordway Center for the Performing Arts
The Ordway Center for the Performing Arts, in downtown Saint Paul, Minnesota, hosts a variety of performing arts, such as touring Broadway musicals, orchestra, opera, and cultural performers, and produces local musicals. It is home to several local arts organizations, including the Minnesota Opera, The Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra, and The Schubert Club. The president and CEO, Christopher Harrington, has served since November 2021.
Samuel Child
Samuel Child (1693 – 1 October 1752) was an English banker and politician. He served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Bishop's Castle from 1747 to 1752.

Child was the 11th son of Sir Francis Child, a banker, MP, and Lord Mayor of London in 1698. He was a partner in the family bank Child & Co. until the death in 1740 of his brother Francis, when he became head of the bank.

At the 1747 general election, he was invited to stand as a Tory candidate for Middlesex, where his family owned land. However, he had previously promised his support to Sir Roger Newdigate, and instead stood for Bishop's Castle. The borough's patron, John Walcot, borrowed £8,500 (£17.3 million in 2023) from Child's bank, and Child was returned unopposed.

After his death in October 1752, aged 59, he was succeeded as head of the bank firstly by his son Francis, and after Francis's death in 1763 by his younger son Robert.

Bishop's Castle (UK Parliament constituency)
Bishop's Castle was a borough constituency in Shropshire represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

The market town of Bishop's Castle became a parliamentary borough in 1584 and was a constituency of the House of Commons of England until 1707, of the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, and of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832. It was represented by two burgesses.

The historian Lewis Namier claimed that in the middle of the eighteenth century it was the one notoriously corrupt parliamentary borough in Shropshire. It was abolished under the Reform Act 1832.
Robert Alexander Webb
Robert Alexander Webb (21 September 1856 – 23 May 1919) was an American Presbyterian minister and theologian.

Webb was born in Oxford, Mississippi and was ordained a minister in the Presbyterian Church in the United States in 1883, serving as minister of Bethel Presbyterian Church in Clover, South Carolina. He became Professor of Systematic Theology at Southwestern Presbyterian University in 1892, and Professor of Systematic Theology at Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary in 1908, where he served until his death.

Webb wrote many books, most notably The Reformed Doctrine of Adoption (Eerdmans, 1947).
Along with Charles Hodge and B. B. Warfield, Webb believed in universal infant salvation.

Webb's father-in-law was John Girardeau.

Salvation of infants
In Christian theology, the salvation of infants has been a matter of speculation and diverse opinions. While some believe that all those who die in infancy are saved, others believe that people only have certainty regarding some of these infants.
History of scrolls
A scroll (from the Old French escroe or escroue) is a roll of papyrus, parchment, or paper containing writing.  The history of scrolls dates back to ancient Egypt.  In most ancient literate cultures scrolls were the earliest format for longer documents written in ink or paint on a flexible background, preceding bound books; rigid media such as clay tablets were also used but had many disadvantages in comparison. For most purposes scrolls have long been superseded by the codex book format, but they are still produced for some ceremonial or religious purposes, notably for the Jewish Torah scroll for use in synagogues.

Papyrus
Papyrus (/pəˈpaɪrəs/ pə-PY-rəs) is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing material. It was made from the pith of the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus, a wetland sedge. Papyrus (plural: papyri or papyruses) can also refer to a document written on sheets of such material, joined side by side and rolled up into a scroll, an early form of a book.

Papyrus was first known to have been used in Egypt (at least as far back as the First Dynasty), as the papyrus plant was once abundant across the Nile Delta. It was also used throughout the Mediterranean region. Apart from writing material, ancient Egyptians employed papyrus in the construction of other artifacts, such as reed boats, mats, rope, sandals, and baskets.
John Fifita
John Fifita (Tongan: Sione Fifita) (born 28 July 1959) is a Tongan former professional rugby league footballer who represented Tonga in the 1986 Pacific Cup and played as a professional in England and Australia.

Tonga national rugby league team
The Tonga national rugby league team (Tongan: timi līki ʻakapulu fakafonua ʻa Tonga) represents Tonga in rugby league football. They are currently the 4th ranked team in the world. The team was formed to compete in the 1986 Pacific Cup, and have competed at six Rugby League World Cups, starting in 1995 and continuing consecutively until the most recent tournament. Their best result was at the 2017 Rugby League World Cup, where they were semi-finalists.

Formerly administered by the Tonga National Rugby League, the team is now in a state of limbo with administration. They wear a predominantly red uniform with white sides and are associated with the phrase Mate Ma'a Tonga (English: Die for Tonga). They are coached by Australian Kristian Woolf, and captained by Addin Fonua-Blake.
Ron Veale
Ronald Stuart Veale OY is a Canadian jurist and former politician, who represented the electoral district of Riverdale South in the Yukon Legislative Assembly from 1981 to 1982. He was a member of the Yukon Liberal Party, and the party's leader from 1981 to 1984.

Veale assumed the leadership of the Yukon Liberal Party in 1981 after the resignation of Iain MacKay, also running in and winning a by-election on March 9, 1981, to succeed MacKay as MLA for Riverdale South. Under his leadership, however, the party was entirely shut out of the legislature in the 1982 election. Veale resigned the party leadership in 1984, and was succeeded by Roger Coles.

He subsequently returned to his law practice. He was later appointed to the Supreme Court of Yukon, of which he was the Chief Justice until his retirement in July 2020. Veale was appointed to the Order of Yukon in December 2020.

Supreme Court of Yukon
The Supreme Court of Yukon (SCY; French: Cour suprême du Yukon) is the superior court having general jurisdiction for the Canadian territory of Yukon. Civil and criminal cases are heard by the court, as well as appeals from the Yukon Territorial Court, the Yukon Small Claims Court and other quasi-judicial boards. The court is based in Whitehorse. Appeals from the court are made to the Court of Appeal of Yukon.

The current Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Yukon is Suzanne Duncan.
Lower Beulah, Tasmania
Lower Beulah is a rural locality in the local government area (LGA) of Kentish in the North-west and west LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 17 kilometres (11 mi) south-east of the town of Sheffield. The 2016 census recorded a population of 55.

Local government areas of Tasmania
The councils of Tasmania are the 29 local administrative units of the Australian state of Tasmania. Local government areas (LGAs), more generally known as councils, are the tier of government responsible for the management of local duties such as road maintenance, town planning and waste management.