hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Papaloizou
John Christopher Baillie Papaloizou FRS (born 1947) is a British theoretical physicist. Papaloizou is a professor at the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (DAMTP) at the University of Cambridge. He works on the theory of accretion disks, with particular application to the formation of planets. He received his DPhil in 1972 from the University of Sussex under the supervision of Roger J. Tayler. The title of his thesis is The Vibrational Instability in Massive Stars.

He discovered the Papaloizou-Pringle instability together with Jim Pringle in 1984. Papaloizou also made major contributions in various areas such as the radial-orbit instability, toroidal modes in stars and different instabilities in accretion disks.

The asteroid 17063 Papaloizou is named after John Papaloizou.

Accretion disk
An accretion disk is a structure (often a circumstellar disk) formed by diffuse material in orbital motion around a massive central body. The central body is most frequently a star. Friction, uneven irradiance, magnetohydrodynamic effects, and other forces induce instabilities causing orbiting material in the disk to spiral inward toward the central body. Gravitational and frictional forces compress and raise the temperature of the material, causing the emission of electromagnetic radiation. The frequency range of that radiation depends on the central object's mass. Accretion disks of young stars and protostars radiate in the infrared; those around neutron stars and black holes in the X-ray part of the spectrum. The study of oscillation modes in accretion disks is referred to as diskoseismology.
Nick Bell (American football)
H. Nickolas Bell (born August 19, 1968) is an American former professional football running back who played for three seasons with the Los Angeles Raiders of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Iowa Hawkeyes and was selected by the Raiders in the second round of the 1991 NFL draft with the 43rd overall pick.

1991 NFL draft
The 1991 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players. It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting. The draft was held April 21–22, 1991, at the Marriott Marquis in New York City, New York. No teams elected to claim any players in the supplemental draft that year.

The first six selections of the draft were defensive players, the most in draft history. It began with the Dallas Cowboys using the first overall pick to select Russell Maryland. No previous draft had begun with more than three consecutive defensive picks.

The day of the draft, wide receiver and projected number one pick Raghib Ismail signed with the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was nevertheless selected by the Los Angeles Raiders in the fourth round (100th overall), and began playing with the Raiders in 1993 after two CFL seasons.
Janet Smith case
49°13′58″N 123°05′48″W﻿ / ﻿49.232762°N 123.096753°W﻿ / 49.232762; -123.096753

The Janet Smith case concerns the murder of 22-year-old nursemaid Janet Kennedy Smith in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, on 26 July 1924, and the ensuing suspicions of a coverup.

Nursemaid
A nursemaid  (or nursery maid) is a mostly historical term for a female domestic worker who cares for children within a large household. The term implies that she is an assistant to an older and more experienced employee, a role usually known as nurse or nanny. A family wealthy enough to have multiple servants looking after the children would have a large domestic staff, traditionally within a strict hierarchy, and a large house (or possibly several, such as the townhouse and country house) with nursery quarters.
2014 Nicky Rackard Cup
The 2014 Nicky Rackard Cup is the tenth staging of the Nicky Rackard Cup hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 2005. The cup competition began on 26 April 2014 and will end on 14 June 2014.

Donegal were the defending champions, however, they were defeated in the semi-final stages. Tyrone won the title after defeating Fingal by 1-17 to 1-16 in the final. Longford defeated Sligo in the relegation/promotion playoff to earn promotion to the 2015 Nicky Rackard Cup with Sligo dropping down to the Lory Meagher Cup.

Longford GAA
The Longford County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste Chontae an Longfort) or Longford GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Longford. The county board is also responsible for the Longford county teams.

The county football team won its only National Football League title in 1966 with a one-point victory over Galway in the Home Final and an aggregate win over New York in the Final. The team won its only Leinster Senior Football Championship title in 1968, with a 3-9 to 1-4 win over Laois.
New Road, Worcester
Visit Worcestershire New Road is a cricket ground in the English city of Worcester. The home of Worcestershire County Cricket Club since 1896, it has been rated as one of the world's most beautiful cricket grounds.

Jack White (cricketer, born 1891)
John Cornish White, known as "Farmer" or "Jack", (19 February 1891 – 2 May 1961) was an English cricketer who played for Somerset and England. White was named Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1929. He played in 15 Test matches, and captained England in four of them.
K.K. Luthra Memorial Moot Court
The K.K. Luthra Memorial Moot Court was started in 2005 in the memory of late Senior Advocate Mr. K.K. Luthra. This is the only international criminal law moot court held in India, and has seen participation from top law colleges in India and abroad. It is held every year in January at the Campus Law Centre in Delhi University.

The competition is named after late Senior Advocate K.K. Luthra, who was an eminent criminal lawyer and appeared in various trial courts, High Courts and the Supreme Court of India in a variety of matters during his legal career spanning 49 years. He was designated as a Senior Advocate of the Delhi High Court in 1984. During his long tenure at the Bar, he was the lead defence counsel in many important cases like the Baroda Dynamite Case, the  L.N. Mishra murder case, Classik Computers Case, St. Kitts Case, the Coomar Narain Espionage Case and in the post-Emergency Shah Commission.

Delhi High Court
The High Court of Delhi is the high court in Delhi, India. It was established on 31 October 1966, through the Delhi High Court Act, 1966. Below it are 11 Subordinate Courts that oversee smaller judicial districts. The court gets its powers from Chapter V in Part VI of the Constitution of India.
Felix Wright
Felix Carl Wright (born June 22, 1959) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive back for the Cleveland Browns and Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL) from 1985 to 1992 . He played college football for the Drake Bulldogs.

Undrafted out of Drake University, Wright played from 1982 to 1984 in the Canadian Football League (NFL) with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats, earning Eastern Division All-Star honors in his last two seasons. In his final year, he intercepted two passes in Hamilton's 72nd Grey Cup game loss. In 1989, Wright led the NFL in interceptions with nine.

Drake Bulldogs football
The Drake Bulldogs are an NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision non-scholarship college football program representing Drake University. They currently compete in the non-scholarship Pioneer Football League and have been charter members of the conference  since 1993.  Drake began playing intercollegiate football in 1893.
Inverse Pythagorean theorem
In geometry, the inverse Pythagorean theorem (also known as the reciprocal Pythagorean theorem or the upside down Pythagorean theorem) is as follows:

Let A, B be the endpoints of the hypotenuse of a right triangle △ABC. Let D be the foot of a perpendicular dropped from C, the vertex of the right angle, to the hypotenuse. Then

This theorem should not be confused with proposition 48 in book 1 of Euclid's Elements, the converse of the Pythagorean theorem, which states that if the square on one side of a triangle is equal to the sum of the squares on the other two sides then the other two sides contain a right angle.

Hypotenuse
In geometry, a hypotenuse is the side of a right triangle that is opposite to the right angle. It is always the longest side of the triangle. The other two sides of a right triangle are called legs or catheti.

The length of the hypotenuse can be found using the Pythagorean theorem, which states that the square of the length of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the lengths of the other two sides. As an algebraic formula, this can be written as , where ⁠⁠ is the length of one leg, ⁠⁠ is the length of the other leg, and ⁠⁠ is the length of the hypotenuse. For example, if the two legs of a right triangle have lengths 3 and 4, respectively, then the hypotenuse has length 5, because ⁠⁠.
Chester and Connah's Quay Railway
The Chester & Connah's Quay Railway ran from Chester Northgate in Chester, Cheshire, England, to Shotton, Flintshire, Wales. It was in use for its full length from 1890 to 1992.

At Dee Marsh Junction it connected with the North Wales and Liverpool Railway. It then crossed the River Dee by means of Hawarden Bridge before joining the Wrexham, Mold and Connah's Quay Railway at Shotton.

Shotton railway station
Shotton railway station serves the towns of Connah's Quay, Queensferry and Shotton in Flintshire, Wales. It is situated where the Borderlands Line crosses the North Wales Coast Line. All passenger services are operated by Transport for Wales, which manages the station.

Shotton is split into two sections: Shotton High Level is above street level and serves the Borderlands Line; Shotton Low Level serves the North Wales Coast Line. Each level has two side platforms and both are double tracked. The tracks of the high and low levels cross each other at right angles.

There is a ticket office on the high level Bidston-bound platform. The station is staffed on weekdays and Saturday mornings only.
Howard County Housing and Community Development
Howard County Housing is the umbrella organization for the Howard County Department of Housing and Community Development and the Howard County Housing Commission. The Department is Howard County Government’s housing agency, and the Commission is a public housing authority and non-profit. Both have boards that meet monthly.

The Department administers various federal, state, and local funds which provide affordable housing and support for community development activities. Federal program examples are HUD's Community Development Block Grant and HOME Investment Partnerships Programs.

Ellicott City, Maryland
Ellicott City (/ˈɛlɪkət/ EL-ih-kət) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in, and the county seat of, Howard County, Maryland, United States. Part of the Baltimore metropolitan area, its population was 75,947 at the 2020 census, making it the most populous unincorporated county seat in the United States.

Ellicott City's historic downtown – the Ellicott City Historic District – lies in the valleys of the Tiber and Patapsco rivers. The historic district includes the Ellicott City Station; it is the oldest surviving train station in the United States, having been built in 1830 as the first terminus of the original B&O Railroad line. The historic district of the town is often called "Historic Ellicott City" or "Old Ellicott City" to distinguish it from the surrounding suburbs that extend south to Columbia and west to West Friendship.
1960 Leeds City Council election
The 1960 Leeds municipal elections were held on 12 May 1960, with one third of the council set to be re-elected.

A large swing of 5.5% to the Conservatives allowed them their first election victory since 1951 - having won the most votes in several elections since then, but never amounting to a majority of seats. The Conservatives made their six gains from Labour in the wards of Beeston, Bramley, Harehills, Stanningley, Westfield, Woodhouse and Wortley, halving Labour's majority of councillors from 24 to 12.

Elsewhere, the Liberals managed a post-war first of beating Labour to second place in Allerton and Far Headingley, and the first Independent candidate standing since the war, Dennis Peddar, made negligible impact in Westfield. Turnout fell sharply for this election - by nearly a quarter from the previous year - to a new low of 27.5%.

County Borough of Leeds
The County Borough of Leeds, and its predecessor, the Municipal Borough of Leeds, was a local government district in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England, from 1835 to 1974. Its origin was the ancient borough of Leeds, which was reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835. In 1889, when West Riding County Council was formed, Leeds became a county borough outside the administrative county of the West Riding; and in 1893 the borough gained city status. The borough was extended a number of times, expanding from 21,593 acres (8,738 ha) in 1911 to 40,612 acres (16,435 ha) in 1961; adding in stages the former area of Roundhay, Seacroft, Shadwell and Middleton parishes and gaining other parts of adjacent districts. In 1971 Leeds was the fifth largest county borough by population in England. The county borough was abolished in 1974 and replaced with the larger City of Leeds, a metropolitan district of West Yorkshire.
Spam email delivery
Email spammers have developed a variety of ways to deliver email spam throughout the years, such as mass-creating accounts on services such as Hotmail or using another person's network to send email spam. Many techniques to block, filter, or otherwise remove email spam from inboxes have been developed by internet users, system administrators and internet service providers. Due to this, email spammers have developed their own techniques to send email spam, which are listed below.

System administrator
An IT administrator, system administrator, sysadmin, or admin is a person who is responsible for the upkeep, configuration, and reliable operation of computer systems, especially multi-user computers, such as servers. The system administrator seeks to ensure that the uptime, performance, resources, and security of the computers they manage meet the needs of the users, without exceeding a set budget when doing so.

To meet these needs, a system administrator may acquire, install, or upgrade computer components and software; provide routine automation; maintain security policies; troubleshoot; train or supervise staff; or offer technical support for projects.
Stok Nowy
Stok Nowy [ˈstɔk ˈnɔvɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Błaszki, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) south-west of Błaszki, 27 km (17 mi) west of Sieradz, and 78 km (48 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Sieradz County
Sieradz County (Polish: powiat sieradzki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Sieradz, which lies 54 kilometres (34 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź. The county contains three other towns: Złoczew, lying 23 km (14 mi) south-west of Sieradz, Warta, lying 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Sieradz, and Błaszki, 23 km (14 mi) west of Sieradz.

The county covers an area of 1,491.04 square kilometres (575.7 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 121,013, out of which the population of Sieradz is 44,045, that of Złoczew is 3,403, that of Warta is 3,388, that of Błaszki is 2,179, and the rural population is 67,998.
2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Nevada
The 2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Nevada were held on Tuesday, November 4, 2014, to elect the four U.S. representatives from the state of Nevada, one from each of the state's four congressional districts. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including a gubernatorial election. As of 2024, this is the last time the Republicans won a majority of House districts in Nevada, as well as the last time Nevada's 2nd congressional district was won with over 60% of the vote.

Las Vegas Sun
The Las Vegas Sun is one of the Las Vegas Valley's two daily subscription newspapers. It is owned by the Greenspun family and is affiliated with Greenspun Media Group. The paper published afternoons on weekdays from 1990 to 2005 and is now included as a section inside the pages of the morning Las Vegas Review-Journal but continues operating exclusively on its own website.

Its publisher and president is Brian Greenspun, former publisher Hank Greenspun's son, who was a college roommate of President Bill Clinton.  It has been described as "politically liberal".
Ariantas
Ariantas (Scythian: *Ariyā̆nta; Ancient Greek: Άριάντας, romanized: Ariantás; Latin: Ariantas) was a king of the Scythians, who, in order to learn the population of his people, commanded every Scythian to bring him one arrow-head. With these arrow-heads he made an enormous brazen or copper vessel, which was set up in a place called "Exampaeus", between the rivers Borysthenes and Hypanis. This was important because the total number of Scythians had always been difficult to determine, because of their nomadic behaviors.

We know of Ariantas only from one single passage in Herodotus.

Scythia
Scythia (UK: /ˈsɪðiə/, also US: /ˈsɪθiə/) or Scythica (UK: /ˈsɪðikə/, also US: /ˈsɪθikə/) was a geographic region defined in the ancient Graeco-Roman world that encompassed the Pontic steppe. It was inhabited by Scythians, an ancient Eastern Iranian equestrian nomadic people.
Konna
Konna is a town and rural commune in the Cercle of Mopti in the Mopti Region of Mali. The town lies 60 km northeast of Mopti on the eastern edge of the flood plain of the Niger River. The main RN16 highway linking Sévaré and Gao branches to the east just to the south of the town. The commune has an area of approximately 838 km2 and contains the town and 24 of the surrounding villages. In the 2009 census, it had a population of 36,767.

A weekly market is held in the town on Thursdays that attracts many people from the surrounding settlements.

Konna has mix of Fulbe, Fulbe-Rimaibe, and Marka peoples, and also some Dogon and Songhay people.

Mopti Region
Mopti (Fulfulde: 𞤁𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤢𞤤 𞤃𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤼𞤭𞥅, transliterated Diiwal Moobti) is the fifth administrative region of Mali, covering 79,017 km2.  Its capital is the city of Mopti. During the 2012 Northern Mali conflict, the frontier between Southern Mali which is controlled by the central government and the rebel-held North ran through Mopti Region.
2004 Halifax municipal election
The 2004 municipal elections of the Halifax Regional Municipality took place on October 16, 2004. Elections have been held every four years since the amalgamation of the cities of Halifax and Dartmouth, the town of Bedford and Halifax County into the Halifax Regional Municipality in 1996. The regional council is made up of twenty three councillors and one mayor, all positions were up for election.

There are no political parties at the municipal level in Nova Scotia, so all candidates run as independents. Voter turnout in the mayoral election was 48.39%.

Dartmouth, Nova Scotia
Dartmouth (/ˈdɑːrtməθ/ DART-məth) is a built-up community of the Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia, Canada. Located on the eastern shore of Halifax Harbour, Dartmouth has 72,139 residents as of 2021.
Shahrokh (singer)
Shahrokh Shahid (Persian: شاهرخ شاهید; November 27, 1949 – December 3, 2023), known by his stage name Shahrokh (شاهرخ), was an Iranian singer, songwriter and composer of Persian classical and pop music. Shahrokh died of cancer on December 3, 2023, at the age of 74.

Persian traditional music
Persian traditional music or Iranian  traditional music, also known as Persian classical music or Iranian classical music, refers to the classical music of Iran (historically known as Persia). It consists of characteristics developed through the country's classical, medieval, and contemporary eras. It also influenced areas and regions that are considered part of Greater Iran.

Due to the exchange of musical science throughout history, many of Iran's classical modes are related to those of its neighboring cultures.

Iran's classical art music continues to function as a spiritual tool, as it has throughout history, and much less of a recreational activity. It belongs, for the most part, to the social elite, as opposed to the folkloric and popular music, in which the society as a whole participates. However, components of Iran's classical music have also been incorporated into folk and pop music compositions.
Dadra and Nagar Haveli Cricket Association
Dadra and Nagar Haveli Cricket Association is the governing body of the Cricket activities in the district of Dadra and Nagar Haveli in the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu in India and the Dadra and Nagar Haveli cricket team. It is not affiliated to the Board of Control for Cricket in India. However it is affiliated to Gujarat Cricket Association as a District Association.

Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu is a union territory in India. The territory was constituted through the merger of the former territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. Plans for the proposed merger were announced by the Government of India in July 2019; the necessary legislation was passed in the Parliament of India in December 2019 and came into effect on 26 January 2020. The territory is made up of four separate geographical entities: Dadra, Nagar Haveli, Daman, and the island of Diu. All four areas were formerly part of Portuguese India, with a joint capital at Panjim, Goa. They came under Indian rule in the mid-20th century after the Annexation of Goa and of the Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli. Goa, Daman and Diu were jointly administered until 1987, when Goa was granted statehood after the Konkani language agitation. The current capital is Daman and Silvassa is the largest city.
2011 Malaysia Open Grand Prix Gold
The 2011 Malaysia Open Grand Prix Gold was the fifth Grand Prix's badminton tournament of the 2011 BWF Grand Prix Gold and Grand Prix. The tournament was held in Alor Setar, Malaysia on 3–8 May 2011 and had a total purse of $120,000. The tournament has moved from Johor Bahru, where its first two editions had been held.

Kunchala Voravichitchaikul
Kunchala Voravichitchaikul (Thai: กุลชลา วรวิจิตรชัยกุล; born 14 November 1984) is an internationally elite badminton player from Thailand. She competed at the 2006, 2010 and 2014 Asian Games.

Kunchala Voravichitchaikul is a doubles specialist who is paired with Duanganong Aroonkesorn in women's doubles and Songphon Anugritayawon in mixed doubles. She is a veteran of one World Championship, the 2010 Paris Worlds where she failed to make the quarter-finals in both events. (She also entered the 2009 Hyderabad Worlds with Anugritayawon, but withdrew before competition began.) Her best tournament results so far are at the 2010 French Open where she won the women's doubles title with Aroonkesorn, and the 2009 Japan Open, where she and Anugritayawon won the mixed doubles title.
Phaeochlaena gyon
Phaeochlaena gyon is a moth of the family Notodontidae first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1787. It is endemic to the Guyana Shield and points west, at least as far as the Upper Amazon basin of Colombia and Ecuador.

Johan Christian Fabricius
Johann Christian Fabricius (7 January 1745 – 3 March 1808) was a Danish zoologist, specialising in the "Insecta", which at that time included all arthropods: insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others. He was a student of Carl Linnaeus, and is considered one of the most important entomologists of the 18th century, having named nearly 10,000 species of animals, and established the basis for the modern insect classification.