hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Baldwin (congressman)
John Baldwin (April 5, 1772 – March 27, 1850) was a U.S. Representative from Connecticut.

Born in Mansfield in the Connecticut Colony, Baldwin attended the common schools.
He studied law at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, and graduated in 1797.
John was admitted to the bar in 1800 and commenced practice in Windham, Connecticut, serving as probate judge of Windham County from 1818 to 1824.

John Baldwin was elected as an Adams to the Nineteenth and Twentieth Congresses (March 4, 1825 – March 3, 1829), and was affiliated with the Whig Party after its formation.
After leaving Congress, John resumed the practice of law in Connecticut.
He died in Windham, Connecticut, March 27, 1850, and was interred in Windham Cemetery.

Connecticut Colony
The Connecticut Colony, originally known as the Connecticut River Colony, was an English colony in New England which became the state of Connecticut. It was organized on March 3, 1636 as a settlement for a Puritan congregation of settlers from the Massachusetts Bay Colony led by Thomas Hooker. The English secured their control of the region in the Pequot War. The colony eventually absorbed the neighboring New Haven and Saybrook colonies. It was part of the brief Dominion of New England. The colony's founding document was the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, which has been called the first written constitution of a democratic government, earning Connecticut the nickname "The Constitution State".
7th Ohio Infantry Regiment
The 7th Ohio Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment formed in northeastern Ohio for service in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It served in the Eastern Theater in a number of campaigns and battles with the Army of Virginia and the Army of the Potomac, and was then transferred to the Western Theater, where it joined the Army of the Cumberland besieged at Chattanooga. It was noted for its holding the high ground at the center of the line at Antietam as part of Tyndale's 1st Brigade, Greene's 2nd Division of Mansfield's XII Corps. It is of the 7th regiment that a war historian wrote, "All in all, considering the number of its battles, its marches, its losses, its conduct in action, it may be safely said that not a single regiment in the United States gained more lasting honor or deserved better of its country than the Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry."

Hector Tyndale
Hector Tyndale (a.k.a. George Hector Tyndale) was an American military officer who served in the Union army during the American Civil War. He fought at the Second Battle of Bull Run and the Battle of Antietam. He was wounded twice during the Battle of Antietam and thought dead from a head wound. After his recovery, he returned to active duty and fought in the Battle of Wauhatchie and the Battle of Missionary Ridge. He was brevetted to Brigadier General for his actions at Antietam and to Major General at the end of the war for gallantry and meritorious service. He was a successful businessman who owned and operated a glass and china importation firm in Philadelphia.
PFD allowance
PFD allowance in work systems is the adjustment done to the normal time to obtain the standard time for the purpose of recovering the lost time due to personal needs, fatigue, and unavoidable delays. By providing a small increase to the normal time in each cycle, a worker can still be able to cover lost time and complete the work assigned to him or her.

Break (work)
A break at work (or work-break) is a period of time during a shift in which an employee is allowed to take time off from their job. It is a type of downtime. There are different types of breaks, and depending on the length and the employer's policies, the break may or may not be paid.

Meal breaks, tea breaks, coffee breaks, lunch breaks or smoko usually range from ten minutes to one hour. Their purpose is to allow the employee to have a meal that is regularly scheduled during the work day. For a typical daytime job, this is lunch, but this may vary for those with other work hours. Lunch breaks allow an employee's energy to replenish. It is not uncommon for this break to be unpaid, and for the entire work day from start to finish to be longer than the number of hours paid in order to accommodate this time.
Charlies Creek
Charlies Creek is a stream in the U.S. states of Georgia and North Carolina. It is a tributary to the Tallulah River.

Charlies Creek was named after Charles R. Hicks (1767–1827), Second Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation. Variant names are "Charles Creek", "Charlie Creek", and "Charlie's Creek".

Charles R. Hicks
Charles Renatus Hicks (December 23, 1767 – January 20, 1827) (Cherokee) was one of the three most important leaders of his people in the early 19th century, together with James Vann and Major Ridge. The three men all had some European ancestry, as did numerous other Cherokee, but they identified as Cherokee. The people had a matrilineal kinship system, so children were considered born into their mother's family and clan.

These three leaders were among those who urged their people to acculturate to European-American ways, in order to succeed in a rapidly changing world. An increasing number of European Americans were entering their territory.

Hicks supported a Moravian mission school in Cherokee territory in order to formally educate the tribe's children. He served as the "second" chief. In 1827 when Principal Chief Pathkiller died in office; Hicks succeeded to that position. He died two weeks later.
The Diligent
The Diligent: A Voyage Through the Worlds of the Slave Trade is a 2002 book by Robert W. Harms in which he offers a history of slave trade from 1731 onward.
It is a winner of the Frederick Douglass Prize, the J. Russell Major Prize, the Mark Lynton History Prize and the Gustav Ranis International Book Prize.

Frederick Douglass Book Prize
The Frederick Douglass Book Prize is awarded annually by the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History and the Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition at Yale University.

It is a $25,000 award for the most outstanding non-fiction book (or pair of books) of the year in English on the subject of slavery, abolition, or antislavery movements. It was first awarded in 1999.
Edward White (Medal of Honor)
Edward White (January 15, 1877 – December 3, 1908) was a private in the United States Army and a Medal of Honor recipient for his role in the Philippine–American War.

Following his military service, White became a firefighter in Kansas City, but was forced to retire in 1905 due to ill health. He died from tuberculosis a few years later, and was buried in Mount Calvary Cemetery, Kansas City, Kansas.

Kansas City, Kansas
Kansas City (commonly known as KCK) is the third-most populous city in the U.S. state of Kansas and the county seat of Wyandotte County. It is an inner suburb of the older and more populous Kansas City, Missouri, after which it is named. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 156,607, making it one of four principal cities in the Kansas City metropolitan area. It is situated at Kaw Point, the junction of the Missouri and Kansas rivers. It is part of a consolidated city-county government known as the "Unified Government". It is the location of the University of Kansas Medical Center and Kansas City Kansas Community College.
89 Combat Flying School
89 Combat Flying School is a disbanded unit of the South African Air Force, active from 1986 to 1992. The unit was formed on 1 July 1986 from the Mirage Flight of 85 Combat Flying School at AFB Pietersburg and its main role was to train aircrew to fly the Dassault Mirage aircraft.

On 26 July 1986, the school began receiving the dual seat Atlas Cheetah D aircraft and started offering a Cheetah conversion course to pilots already qualified on the Atlas Impala aircraft. The school was the first unit of the South African Air Force to receive the Cheetah D.

89 Combat Flying School began merging with 2 Squadron SAAF on 6 November 1992, to become Training Flight, 2 Squadron. Flying operations were conducted by 2 Squadron from 6 November 1992 and 89 Combat Flying School was disbanded on 29 November 1992. All remaining personnel and equipment was transferred to AFB Louis Trichardt during January 1993.

South African Air Force
The South African Air Force (SAAF) is the air warfare branch of South African National Defence Force, with its headquarters in Pretoria. The South African Air Force was established on 1 February 1920. The Air Force saw service in World War II and the Korean War. From 1966, the SAAF was involved in providing infantry support in the low-intensity Border War in Angola, South-West Africa and Rhodesia. As the war progressed, the intensity of air operations increased, until in the late 1980s when the SAAF were compelled to fly fighter missions against Angolan aircraft in order to maintain tactical air superiority. On conclusion of the Border War in 1990, aircraft numbers were severely reduced due to economic pressures as well as the cessation of hostilities with neighbouring states.
Molly Raynor
Molly Raynor (June 5, 1905 – 12 March 1976) was a New Zealand and Australian actress.

Raynor was born 5 June 1905 in Dunedin, New Zealand. She left New Zealand as a school girl to study music, elocution, and singing at the Sydney Conservatorium of Music.  She married John McIntosh Beattie (John Warwick) in 1929. She died in Sydney, Australia, on 12 March 1976.

Elocution
Elocution is the study of formal speaking in pronunciation, grammar, style, and tone as well as the idea and practice of effective speech and its forms. It stems from the idea that while communication is symbolic, sounds are final and compelling.

Elocution emerged in England in the 18th and 19th centuries and in the United States during the 19th century. It benefited men and women in different ways; the overall concept was to teach both how to become better, more persuasive speakers and standardize errors in spoken and written English. The beginnings of the formulation of argument were also discussed.
1952 Avusrennen
The 8th Internationales AdV Avusrennen was a Formula Two motor race held on 28 September 1952 at the AVUS circuit. The race was run over 25 laps of the circuit and was won by Swiss driver Rudi Fischer in a Ferrari 500. Fischer also set fastest lap. Hans Klenk finished second and Fritz Riess was third.

Fritz Riess
Friedrich "Fritz" Riess or Rieß (11 July 1922 in Nuremberg – 15 May 1991 in Samedan, Switzerland) was a racing driver from Germany. He participated in one "Formula One" World Championship Grand Prix, the 1952 German Grand Prix on 3 August 1952, then run to Formula Two rules. He finished seventh, scoring no championship points as only the first five finishers scored points at that time.

Riess also won the 1952 24 Hours of Le Mans for Mercedes-Benz, sharing the 300SL (W194) drive with former champion Hermann Lang. In the 1956 Mille Miglia, he finished 10th with a private Gullwing (W198).
Ministry of Health (Ghana)
The Ministry of Health (MoH) is the government ministry of Ghana that is responsible for the health of Ghanaians.  It is involved in providing public health services, managing Ghana's healthcare industry, and building Ghana's hospitals and medical education system.

Ministry main offices are located in Accra.

The ministry is responsible for all health related issues in Ghana. It was responsible for direct public health service delivery or provision in the country. However, with the enactment of an ACT 525 of parliament, the functions of promotion, preventive, curative and rehabilitative care have been delegated to the Ghana Health Service and Teaching hospitals. Hence, the ministry is now responsible for only policy formulation, monitoring and evaluation, resource mobilization and regulation of the health service delivery in the country.

Medical education
Medical education is education related to the practice of being a medical practitioner, including the initial training to become a physician (i.e., medical school and internship) and additional training thereafter (e.g., residency, fellowship, and continuing medical education).

Medical education and training varies considerably across the world. Various teaching methodologies have been used in medical education, which is an active area of educational research.

Medical education is also the subject-didactic academic field of educating medical doctors at all levels, including entry-level, post-graduate, and continuing medical education. Specific requirements such as entrustable professional activities must be met before moving on in stages of medical education.
Pippa Ailion
Philipa 'Pippa' Ann Ailion MBE (born 20 September 1947) is a British Theatrical Director and Casting Director best known for her contributions to London (West End) theatre.  Ailion has worked extensively in the West End and for film and television.  She has cast Broadway and European productions, UK and US tours as well as seasons at Regent's Park Open Air Theatre, Chichester Festival Theatre and Crucible Theatre Sheffield.  She has cast over 185 productions with a focus on productions that cast people of varying ethnicities.

Dreamgirls
Dreamgirls is a Broadway musical, with music by Henry Krieger and lyrics and book by Tom Eyen. It is based on the show business aspirations and successes of R&B acts such as The Shirelles, James Brown, Jackie Wilson, and others, and particularly The Supremes, as the musical follows the story of a young Black female singing trio from Chicago, Illinois  called "The Dreams", who become music superstars.

Staged with a mostly African-American cast and originally starring Jennifer Holliday, Sheryl Lee Ralph, Loretta Devine, Ben Harney, Cleavant Derricks, Vondie Curtis-Hall, and Obba Babatundé, the musical opened on December 20, 1981, at the Imperial Theatre on Broadway. The musical  was then nominated for 13 Tony Awards, including the Tony Award for Best Musical, and won six. It was later adapted into a motion picture from DreamWorks and Paramount Pictures in 2006, starring Jamie Foxx, Beyoncé, Eddie Murphy, Jennifer Hudson, Danny Glover, Anika Noni Rose, and Keith Robinson.
GDP-mannose 6-dehydrogenase
In enzymology, a GDP-mannose 6-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.132) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

GDP-D-mannose + 2 NAD+ + H2O  GDP-D-mannuronate + 2 NADH + 2 H+

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are GDP-D-mannose, NAD+, and H2O, whereas its 3 products are GDP-D-mannuronate, NADH, and H+.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is GDP-D-mannose:NAD+ 6-oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include guanosine diphosphomannose dehydrogenase, GDP-mannose dehydrogenase, guanosine diphosphomannose dehydrogenase, and guanosine diphospho-D-mannose dehydrogenase. This enzyme participates in fructose and mannose metabolism.

This protein may use the morpheein model of allosteric regulation.

Guanosine diphosphate mannose
Guanosine diphosphate mannose or GDP-mannose is a nucleotide sugar that is a substrate for glycosyltransferase reactions in metabolism. This compound is a substrate for enzymes called mannosyltransferases.

Known as donor of activated mannose in all glycolytic reactions, GDP-mannose is essential in eukaryotes.
Spring Hill, Barbour County, Alabama
Spring Hill is an unincorporated community in Barbour County, Alabama, United States. Spring Hill is located at the junction of County Routes 49 and 89, 17.2 miles (27.7 km) northwest of Eufaula.

Spring Hill Methodist Church is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Spring Hill is the birthplace of B. B. Comer, Hugh Comer and J. W. Comer.

Hugh Comer
Hugh Moss Comer (1842 – February 26, 1900) was an American businessman. He was a president of the Central of Georgia Railway and co-founder of Bibb Manufacturing Company, in addition to having several directorships and self-owned companies.

One of his former residences, located at 2 East Taylor Street, in Monterey Square in Savannah, Georgia, is known as the Comer House today. It was built in 1880. Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederacy, was a guest at the house in 1886.
Huell Howser
Huell Burnley Howser (October 18, 1945 – January 7, 2013) was an American television personality, actor, producer, writer, singer, and voice artist, best known for hosting, producing, and writing California's Gold and his human interest show Visiting...with Huell Howser, produced by KCET in Los Angeles for California PBS stations. The archive of his video chronicles offers an enhanced understanding of the history, culture, and people of California. He also voiced the Backson in Winnie the Pooh (2011).

Automobile Club of Southern California
The Automobile Club of Southern California is the Southern California affiliate of the American Automobile Association (AAA) federation of motor clubs. The Auto Club was founded on December 13, 1900, in Los Angeles as one of the nation's first motor clubs dedicated to improving roads, proposing traffic laws, and improvement of overall driving conditions.  Today, it is the single largest member of the AAA federation, with almost 8 million members in its home territory of Southern California, more than 16 million members across all subsidiaries in 21 states, and an annual budget in excess of $2 billion.
Serden Özcan
Serden Özcan (born 1977) is a professor and holder of the Otto Beisheim Endowed Chair of Innovation and Corporate Transformation at the WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management in Vallendar near Koblenz. During the 2017/2018 academic year the Chair of Innovation and Corporate Transformation moved from Vallendar to Düsseldorf.

Copenhagen Business School
Copenhagen Business School (Danish: Handelshøjskolen i København), often abbreviated and referred to as CBS (also in Danish), is a public university situated in Copenhagen, Denmark. Founded in 1917, It is considered and ranked as one of the most prestigious business schools in Western Europe and the world.

CBS offers a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programmes within business, typically with an interdisciplinary and international focus. It is accredited by EQUIS (European Quality Improvement System), AMBA (Association of MBAs), as well as AACSB (Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business), making it one of the few schools worldwide to hold the "triple-crown" accreditation, and along with Aarhus University, School of Business and Social Sciences, the only two in Denmark.

Since the Danish Universities Act of 2003, CBS has had a board of directors with an external majority. The Board of Directors appoints the President of CBS, who is currently Peter Møllgaard.
SCR-536
The SCR-536 (also referred to as the BC-611) was a hand-held radio transceiver used by the US Army Signal Corps in World War II. It is popularly referred to as a walkie talkie, although it was originally designated a "handie talkie".

United States Army Signal Corps
The United States Army Signal Corps (USASC) is a branch of the United States Army responsible for creating and managing communications and information systems for the command and control of combined arms forces. It manages new technologies and portfolios that are eventually transferred to other U.S. government entities; such responsibilities include military intelligence, weather forecasting, and aviation.
Vaturi
Vaturi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrea Vaturi (born 1982), Italian ice dancer

Nissim Vaturi (born 1969), Israeli politician

Simone Vaturi (born 1988), Italian ice dancer

Simone Vaturi
Simone Vaturi (born 20 July 1988) is an Italian ice dancer. With former partner Lorenza Alessandrini, he is the 2010 and 2013 Cup of Nice silver medalist, 2011 and 2012 Ondrej Nepela Memorial silver medalist, and a two-time Italian national bronze medalist.
1038 Tuckia
1038 Tuckia, provisional designation 1924 TK, is rare-type Hilda asteroid from the outermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 58 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 24 November 1924, by German astronomer by Max Wolf at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid was named after American banker Edward Tuck and his wife.

Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory
Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory (German: Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl) is a historic astronomical observatory located near the summit of the Königstuhl hill in the city of Heidelberg in Germany. It is operated by the Center for Astronomy (ZAH) at the University of Heidelberg.

The predecessor of the current observatory was originally opened in 1774 in the nearby city of Mannheim but degradation of observational conditions there resulted in a relocation to the Königstuhl in 1898.

The Observatory facility have little value for current astronomical research of ZAH; research is done with the Gama Ray H.E.S.S in Namibia and ESO facilities in Chile.

Andreas Quirrenbach is the observatory's director since 2005.
Hard infrastructure
Hard infrastructure, also known as tangible or built infrastructure, is the physical infrastructure of roads, bridges, tunnels, railways, airports, ports, and harbors, among others, as opposed to the soft infrastructure or "intangible infrastructure of human capital in the form of education, research, health and social services and "institutional infrastructure" in the form of legal, economic and social systems.

This article delineates both the capital goods, or fixed assets, and the control systems, software required to operate, manage and monitor the systems, as well as any accessory buildings - such as airports, plants, or vehicles that are an essential part of the system. Also included are fleets of vehicles operating according to schedules such as public transit buses and garbage collection, as well as basic energy or communications facilities that are not usually part of a physical network, such as oil refineries, radio, and television broadcasting facilities.

Snowplow
A snowplow (also snow plow, snowplough or snow plough) is a device intended for mounting on a vehicle, used for removing snow and ice from outdoor surfaces, typically those serving transportation purposes. Although this term is often used to refer to vehicles mounting such devices, more accurately they are known as winter service vehicles, especially in areas that regularly receive large amounts of snow every year, or in specific environments such as airfields. In other cases, pickup trucks and front end loaders are outfitted with attachments to fulfill this purpose. Some regions that do not frequently see snow may use graders to remove compacted snow and ice off the streets. Snowplows can also be mounted on rail cars or locomotives to clear railway tracks.
Jasbir Singh (cricketer)
Jasbir Singh (born 14 March 1950) is a former Indian cricketer and umpire. He stood in six One Day Internationals from 1994 to 2000. He played 37 first-class matches for Northern Punjab and Punjab from 1964 to 1977 before making his umpiring debut in 1990.

Northern Punjab cricket team
The Northern Punjab cricket team was an Indian domestic cricket team representing the northern part of the Indian state of Punjab during the time of the British Raj and later the northern part of its Indian successor, following the partition of India.

The team first played first-class cricket in 1926 against a touring MCC team.  It next played first-class cricket in 1960, when the team made its Ranji Trophy debut against Jammu and Kashmir.  The team continued to appear in the Ranji Trophy until the 1967/68 season, when it played its final first-class match against Southern Punjab. In 1968–69 Southern Punjab and Northern Punjab combined to form an undivided Punjab team.