hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shuangjie
Shuangjie Town (simplified Chinese: 双街镇; traditional Chinese: 雙街鎮; pinyin: Shuāngjiē Zhèn) is a town inside of Beichen District, Tianjin, China. It shares border with Huangzhuang Subdistrict and Xiazhuzhuang Town to the north, Dazhangzhuang Town to the east, Beicang Town to the south, and Shuangkou Town to the west. It has 54,564 inhabitants as of 2010.

The name Shuangjie (Chinese: 双街; lit. 'Two Street') came from Shuangjie Village, the seat of the town's government. The village was first established during the Ming Dynasty, and got its name for having two main streets in the early stage of formation.

Beichen, Tianjin
Beichen District (simplified Chinese: 北辰区; traditional Chinese: 北辰區; pinyin: Běichén Qū) is a district of the municipality of Tianjin, People's Republic of China. Before June 1992, the district was named Beijiao District (simplified Chinese: 北郊区; traditional Chinese: 北郊區; pinyin: Běijiāo Qū; lit. 'north suburb'), reflecting its position in the northern suburbs of Tianjin. As the city expanded, it gradually became part of the urban core and was renamed to Beichen.

The district occupies approximately 478.5 km2 (184.7 sq mi), with a population of 320,000. China National Highway 103 goes through the heart of the district. Beichen District also hosts the North Canal (北运河), a branch of the Hai River.
Ethiopian Army
The Ethiopian Army (Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ሰራዊት, romanized: Ye-Ītyōṗṗyā serawīt) is the land service branch of the Ethiopian National Defense Force. It is the senior of the three uniformed military branches. The force engages in land warfare and combined arms operations, including armored and mechanized operations as well as air assault operations.

Armoured warfare
Armoured warfare is the use of armoured fighting vehicles in modern warfare. It is a major component of modern methods of war. The premise of armoured warfare rests on the ability of troops to penetrate conventional defensive lines through use of manoeuvre by armoured units.

Much of the application of armoured warfare depends on the use of tanks and related vehicles used by other supporting arms such as infantry fighting vehicles, self-propelled artillery, and other combat vehicles, as well as mounted combat engineers and other support units. The doctrine of armoured warfare was developed to break the static nature of World War I trench warfare on the Western Front, and return to the 19th century school of thought that advocated manoeuvre and decisive battle outcomes in military strategy.
Jacques Rougeau
Jacques Rougeau Jr. (born June 13, 1960) is a Canadian former professional wrestler best known for his appearances in the 1980s and 1990s with the World Wrestling Federation. He began his career under his real name as half of the tag team The Fabulous Rougeaus with his brother Raymond Rougeau. In 1991, he began a singles career as the Mountie, winning the WWF Intercontinental Championship once. In 1993, he formed three time WWF Tag Team Championship winning tag team The Quebecers with Pierre Ouellet.

NWA Alabama Heavyweight Championship
The NWA Alabama Heavyweight Championship was created in October, 1962. Since its creation, the championship has been defended in a number of NWA territories throughout the decades.

Initially, the title was a part of Gulf Coast Championship Wrestling (GCCW) and later Southeastern Championship Wrestling (SECW), which became Continental Championship Wrestling (CCW) in 1985. It is unclear exactly when the championship moved to SCW/CCW, however it was sometime between December 1977 and November 1980. The title stayed there until CCW left the NWA to join the American Wrestling Association (AWA) in 1988.

The championship was then shortly picked up by Alabama Pro Wrestling (APW - now NWA Xtreme) as its major title in May 2001. The title then became again inactive in November 2002, when APW created its own Heavyweight Championship.
Federal Service for Supervision of Transport
The Federal Service for Supervision of Transport (Russian: Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере транспорта, Rostransnadzor, Ространснадзор) is an agency of the Government of Russia. The agency is headquartered in Moscow. It was formed in 2004 as a result of government reforms which moved supervisory functions out of several agencies into a new one.

As of 2013, Alexander Kasyanov was the head of the agency. The Rostrasnadzor oversees and supervises several aspects of Russia's transport network.

Rostransnadzor has several agencies, according to the type of transport:

Goszheldornadzor (railroad transport)

Gosavtodornadzor (automobile transport)

Gosmorrechnadzor (sea and river transport)

Gosavianadzor (aviation transport)

Transport safety

Rail transport in Russia
Rail transport in Russia runs on one of the largest railway networks in the world. By both volume of freight hauled, and passenger volume, they are second to only China. In total length, they are third largest, after China and the United States. Rail transport in Russia has been described as one of the economic wonders of the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries.

JSC Russian Railways has a near-monopoly on long-distance train travel in Russia, with a 98.6% market share in 2017. Independent long-distance carriers include Grand Service Express TC, Tverskoy Express, TransClassService, Sakhalin Passenger Company, Kuzbass Suburb, and Yakutian Railway.
Geology of Iraq
The geology of Iraq includes thick sequences of marine and continental sedimentary rocks over poorly understood basement rock, at the junction of the Arabian plate, the Anatolian plate, and the Iranian plate.

Arabian plate
The Arabian plate is a minor tectonic plate in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres.

It is one of the three continental plates (along with the African and Indian plates) that have been moving northward in geological history and colliding with the Eurasian plate. This collision is resulting in a mingling of plate pieces and mountain ranges extending in the west from the Pyrenees, crossing Southern Europe to Iranian plateau, forming the Alborz and the Zagros Mountains, to the Himalayas and ranges of Southeast Asia.
Darious Williams
Darious Williams (born March 15, 1993) is an American professional football cornerback for the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Marietta Pioneers and UAB Blazers. After signing as an undrafted free agent with the Baltimore Ravens, Williams went on to join the Los Angeles Rams, where he won a championship with the team during Super Bowl LVI.

Pro Football Focus
Pro Football Focus (also written as ProFootballFocus, and often referred to by its initials, PFF) is a sports analytics company that focuses on thorough analysis of the National Football League (NFL) and NCAA Division-I football in the United States. PFF produces 0–100 Player Grades and a range of advanced statistics for teams and players by watching, charting, and grading every player on every play in every game both at the NFL and FBS level.

The company publishes their data as a collection of various mostly web-based products. Some basic information is made freely available, while other more advanced products are on a fee or subscription basis.
Glitch, Inc.
Glitch, Inc. (previously known as Fog Creek Software, Inc.) was a software company specializing in project management tools. Its products included project management and content management, and code review tools. Fastly acquired the company in 2022, however, the company announced it was shutting down in July 2025.

Code review
Code review (sometimes referred to as peer review) is a software quality assurance activity in which one or more people examine the source code of a computer program, either after implementation or during the development process. The persons performing the checking, excluding the author, are called "reviewers". At least one reviewer must not be the code's author.

Code review differs from related software quality assurance techniques like static code analysis, self-checks, testing, and pair programming. Static analysis relies primarily on automated tools, self-checks involve only the author, testing requires code execution, and pair programming is performed continuously during development rather than as a separate step.
Joseph Wood (schoolmaster)
Joseph Wood MVO (1841 – 19 June 1923) was an English clergyman and schoolmaster, headmaster successively of Leamington College, Tonbridge School, and Harrow School, and while in London a prebendary of St Paul's Cathedral. He was headmaster of his three schools for forty years and in retirement was a Canon of Rochester Cathedral.

Rochester Cathedral
Rochester Cathedral, formally the Cathedral Church of Christ and the Blessed Virgin Mary, is in Rochester, Kent, England. The cathedral is the mother church of the Church of England Diocese of Rochester and seat (cathedra) of the Bishop of Rochester, the second oldest bishopric in England after that of the Archbishop of Canterbury. The present cathedral, rebuilt on the site of its predecessor in the Norman style, is a Grade I listed building.
Raimbaud
Raimbaud was an Italo-Norman chief who served under Philaretus Brachamius from 1073 to 1074. He arrived in the East at the head of 8,000 Norman mercenaries who took up service with Philaretus in 1073. They were headquartered at the castle of Afranji, which means "Franks," near Harput on the Euphrates. Some of the Normans were at Edessa, Philaretus' capital, and at Antioch, where Italian traders from Amalfi and Bari continued to find access to Eastern goods despite the troubled times in the region, with the recent coming of the Seljuk horde. Raimbaud himself did not lead his troops long. He died in battle defending Philaretus' tent from Thornig, Prince of Sassoun.

Harpoot
Harpoot (Turkish: Harput) or Kharberd (Armenian: Խարբերդ, romanized: Kharberd) is an ancient town located in the Elazığ Province of Turkey. It now forms a small district of the city of Elazığ. In the late Ottoman period, it fell under the Mamuret-ul-Aziz Vilayet (also known as the Harput Vilayet). Artifacts from around 2000 BC have been found in the area. The town is famous for its Harput Castle, and incorporates a museum, old mosques, a church, and the Buzluk (Ice) Cave. Harput is about 1,100 kilometres (700 mi) from Istanbul.

Harput was a largely Armenian populated region in medieval times and had a significant Armenian population until the Armenian genocide. By the 20th century, Harput had been absorbed into Mezre (renamed Elazığ in 1937), a town on the plain below Harput that significantly grew in size in the 19th century.
Beverly Bayne
Beverly Bayne (born Pearl Beverly Bayne or Bain; November 11, 1894 – August 18, 1982) was an American actress who appeared in silent films beginning in 1910 in Chicago, Illinois, where she worked for Essanay Studios.

The Naked City
The Naked City (a.k.a. Naked City) is a 1948 American crime procedural produced by Mark Hellinger; directed by Jules Dassin; and written by Albert Maltz and Malvin Wald, from a story by Wald. Starring Barry Fitzgerald, with Howard Duff, Dorothy Hart, and Don Taylor in support, the film depicts the police investigation that follows the murder of a young model. It was shot almost entirely on location in New York City.

Naked City received two Academy Awards, one for cinematography for William H. Daniels and another for film editing to Paul Weatherwax. In 2007, the highly influential film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
AN/SPQ-11
The AN/SPQ-11 Cobra Judy was a passive electronically scanned array (PESA) radar found on the USNS Observation Island (T-AGM-23) missile range instrumentation ship.

It was used for space tracking, ballistic missiles tracking and other instrumentation. Cobra Judy was the US Air Force code name for the afloat phased-array radar designed with the primary mission of monitoring Soviet missile tests operating in conjunction with land based phased-array radar Cobra Dane and Cobra Ball aircraft. Cobra Judy was replaced by the Cobra Judy Replacement (CJR) project in April 2014.

In accordance with the Joint Electronics Type Designation System (JETDS), the "AN/SPQ-11" designation represents the 11th design of an Army-Navy electronic device for surface ship special radar system. The JETDS system also now is used to name all Department of Defense electronic systems.

Code name
A code name, codename, call sign, or cryptonym is a code word or name used, sometimes clandestinely, to refer to another name, word, project, or person. Code names are often used for military purposes, or in espionage. They may also be used in industrial counter-espionage to protect secret projects and the like from business rivals, or to give names to projects whose marketing name has not yet been determined. Another reason for the use of names and phrases in the military is that they transmit with a lower level of cumulative errors over a walkie-talkie or radio link than actual names.

Code names are also used for commercial products, for a variety of reasons. One of them can include that a marketing name has not yet been established during product development.
O'Day 39
The O'Day 39 is an American sailboat that was designed by Philippe Briand as a cruiser and first built in 1982.

The boat is a development of the Sun Fizz 40, which was licensed for production in the US by Jeanneau. Both Jeanneau and the O'Day Corp. were owned by US conglomerate Bangor Punta at the time.

The O'Day 39 design was developed into the O'Day 40 by C. Raymond Hunt Associates in 1986.

C. Raymond Hunt Associates
C. Raymond Hunt Associates (doing business as Ray Hunt Design) is an American naval architecture design firm, based in New Bedford, Massachusetts. The company specializes in the design of fiberglass sailboats and powerboats.

The company was founded by C. Raymond Hunt and John Deknatel in 1966. Deknatel remains the chairman, while the current president is Winn Willard. In 2023 the company had seven employees.

Hunt and his firm are noted as being the only designers of that period that achieved international success in both powerboat and sailboat design.
Illyrian invasion of Epirus
An Illyrian invasion against the Molossians in Epirus occurred in 385 BC. Illyrians, led by king Bardylis, were supported by Dionysius I of Syracuse who was aiming to expand his influence in the eastern Adriatic Sea and Ionian Sea, and by Alcetas I of Epirus who was expelled from his land by the Molossian pro-Spartan party and exiled in Syracuse.

Ionian Sea
The Ionian Sea is an elongated bay of the Mediterranean Sea. It is connected to the Adriatic Sea to the north, and is bounded by Southern Italy, including Basilicata, Calabria, Sicily, and the Salento peninsula to the west, southern Albania (and western Apulia, Italy) to the north, and the west coast of Greece, including the Peloponnese.

All major islands in the sea, which are located in the east of the sea, belong to Greece. They are collectively named the Ionian Islands, the main ones being Corfu, Kefalonia, Zakynthos, Lefkada, and Ithaca.

There are ferry routes between Patras and Igoumenitsa, Greece, and Brindisi and Ancona, Italy, that cross the east and north of the Ionian Sea, and from Piraeus westward. Calypso Deep, the deepest point in the Mediterranean at 5,109 m (16,762 ft), is in the Ionian Sea, at 36°34′N 21°8′E﻿ / ﻿36.567°N 21.133°E﻿ / 36.567; 21.133. The sea is one of the most seismically active areas in the world.
Henry Courtenay
Henry Courtenay is the name of:

Henry Courtenay, 1st Marquess of Exeter (c. 1490–1538)

Henry Courtenay Fenn (1894–1978), American sinologist

Reginald Courtenay (bishop of Exeter) (Henry Reginald Courtenay, 1741–1803), English bishop of Bristol and bishop of Exeter

Henry Reginald Courtenay (MP) (1714–1763)

Henry Courtenay, 1st Marquess of Exeter
Henry Courtenay, 1st Marquess of Exeter, 2nd Earl of Devon (c. 1498 – 9 December 1538), feudal baron of Okehampton, feudal baron of Plympton, of Tiverton Castle, Okehampton Castle and Colcombe Castle all in Devon, was a grandson of King Edward IV, nephew of the queen consort, Elizabeth of York and a first cousin of King Henry VIII.

Henry Courtenay was a close friend of Henry VIII, having "been brought up of a child with his grace in his chamber". After initially supporting the dissolution of the monasteries and helping suppress protests, he became convinced against the cruelty of the measures and the new religion; he was executed under Henry for corresponding with Cardinal Pole.
Plymouth, Montserrat
Plymouth is a ghost town and the de jure capital of the island of Montserrat, an overseas territory of the United Kingdom located in the Leeward Island chain of the Lesser Antilles, West Indies. It is the only ghost town that is the capital of a political territory.

Constructed during the Georgian era on historical lava deposits near the then long-inactive Soufrière Hills volcano, the town was evacuated in 1995 when the volcano resumed erupting. Plymouth was eventually abandoned permanently in 1997, after it was substantially buried by a series of pyroclastic flows and lahars.

For centuries, it had been the only port of entry to the island. A new capital is under construction at Little Bay, with nearby Brades serving as the de facto capital for the time being.

Lahar
A lahar ( /ˈlɑːhɑːr/, from Javanese: lahar, ꦭꦲꦂ) is a violent type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris and water. The material flows down from a volcano, typically along a river valley.

Lahars are often extremely destructive and deadly; they can flow tens of metres per second, they have been known to be up to 140 metres (460 ft) deep, and large flows tend to destroy any structures in their path. Notable lahars include those at Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines and Nevado del Ruiz in Colombia, the latter of which killed more than 20,000 people in the Armero tragedy.
Dara, Artuklu
Dara, formerly Oğuz, (Kurdish: Dara, Darê) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Artuklu, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 1,029 in 2021.

Artuklu
Artuklu (Kurdish: Ertuqî; Turoyo: ܐܪܬܘܟܠܘ, romanized: Artoklo; Arabic: الأرتقية) is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 885 km2, and its population is 189,769 (2022). It encompasses the city of Mardin and the adjacent countryside to the north and southeast.
Abu al-Arab
Muḥammad ibn Tamīm ibn Tammām al-Tamīmī (Arabic: محمد بن تميم بن تمام التميمي; died 945) more commonly known as Abu al-Arab (أبو العرب; lit. 'Father of the Arabs') was a 10th-century Arab Muslim historian, poet, traditionist and faqih of the Maliki school. His most celebrated work is Tabaqat 'Ulama Ifriqiya (lit. 'Classes of Scholars of Ifriqiya') which include numerous scholars of his time.

Maliki school
The Maliki school or Malikism is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas (c. 711–795 CE) in the 8th century. In contrast to the Ahl al-Hadith and Ahl al-Ra'y schools of thought, the Maliki school takes a unique position known as Ahl al-A'mal, in which they consider the Sunnah to be primarily sourced from the practice of the people of Medina and living Islamic traditions for their rulings on Islamic law.

The Maliki school is the second largest Sunni school, larger than the Shafi’i school but smaller than the Hanafi school. It is predominant in North Africa, West Africa and the Gulf states of Bahrain, Kuwait and United Arab Emirates. The current Maliki population is said to be around 500 million, comprising about 25% of the total Muslim population.
Gannavaram mandal
Gannavaram mandal is one of the 25 mandals in Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is under the administration of Gudivada revenue division and the mandal headquarters are located at Gannavaram. The mandal is bounded by Agiripalle, Bapulapadu, Unguturu, Vijayawada (rural) and Kankipadu mandals. The mandal is also a part of the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region under the jurisdiction of APCRDA.

Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority
The Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority (APCRDA) is an urban planning agency of the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region, in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, India. The APCRDA was established under the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority Act, 2014 (dissolved in 2020 and reestablished in 2021). The authority has a jurisdictional area of 8,352.69 km2 (3,224.99 sq mi), covering the districts of Guntur, Eluru, NTR, Krishna, Palnadu, and Bapatla.

The CRDA approved land pooling of an additional 20,494 acres from four villages in Amaravati mandal and three villages in Thullur mandal for the development of Amaravati.
Husna Bai
Husna Jan or Husna Bai was a Tawaif and a Thumri singer of Banaras during the late 19th and the early 20th century. She was known in Uttar Pradesh as an expert in khayal, thumri and tappa gayaki.  She is credited with redefining and revolutionising the singing tradition in the early 1900s, singing patriotic songs and inspiring other singers to follow suit. She was trained by Thakur Prasad Mishra, and the famous Sarangi player Pandit Shambunath Mishra, and she mastered tappa gayaki under the teaching of the legendary Chote Ramdas Ji of Banaras.

Sarangi
The sarangi is a bowed, short-necked three-stringed instrument played in traditional music from South Asia. It is said to  resemble the sound of the human voice through its ability to imitate vocal ornaments such as Gamaks or Gamakam (shakes) and meends (sliding movements). The Nepali sarangi is similar, but is a four-stringed, simpler folk instrument.
Tim Metcalfe (Coronation Street)
Tim Metcalfe is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera Coronation Street, played by Joe Duttine. He made his first on-screen appearance on 21 January 2013. Duttine had previously appeared in the soap between February and June 2010 as D.S. Carr, the police officer that arrested Gail McIntyre (Helen Worth) for the murder of her husband, Joe McIntyre (Reece Dinsdale). Tim is introduced as Faye Windass' (Ellie Leach) biological father. His storylines initially focused on his relationship with his long-lost daughter Faye and her adoptive family - mother Anna Windass (Debbie Rush) and her partner Owen Armstrong (Ian Puleston-Davies). Tim's storylines have since revolved around his relationship to Sally Webster (Sally Dynevor) - whom he married in 2020, and the birth of his granddaughter Miley (Erin, Eilah and Elsie Halliwell).

Helen Worth
Helen Worth (born Cathryn Helen Wigglesworth; 7 January 1951)  is a British actress. She is best known for portraying the role of Gail Platt in the ITV soap opera Coronation Street for 50 years from 1974 to 2024 (with a guest appearance in 2025). In 2014, she received the British Soap Award for Outstanding Achievement. Worth was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2022 Birthday Honours for services to drama.
Unterburg trolleybus turntable
The Unterburg trolleybus turntable (German: Drehscheibe Unterburg) is a disused turntable for trolleybuses of the Solingen trolleybus system, in the Solingen district Burg an der Wupper, Germany. The facility was regularly used by trolleybus line 683, operated by the Stadtwerke Solingen (SWS), until 15 November 2009, but is preserved in working condition.

The turntable is the last of only four turntables of this type in the world. Two more were located in Great Britain: the Christchurch trolleybus turntable (1936 to 1969) and the Longwood trolleybus turntable at Huddersfield (1939 to 1940). The fourth trolleybus turntable, in Guadalajara, Mexico, was in use from 1982 to 1983 and from 1985 to 1988.

Burg Castle (Solingen)
Burg Castle (German: Schloss Burg), located in Burg an der Wupper (Solingen), is the largest reconstructed castle in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany and a popular tourist attraction. Its early history is closely connected to the rise of the Duchy of Berg.