hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2022 Vermont Proposal 2
The 2022 Prohibit Slavery and Indentured Servitude Amendment, officially titled the "Slavery Prohibition Amendment", and listed on the ballot as Proposition 2, was a legislatively referred constitutional amendment that was adopted on November 8, 2022, by a landslide majority of 88.7% of voters. It clarified the state's ban on slavery to include involuntary servitude and all other forms into the Constitution of Vermont. It was signed into the constitution by Republican governor Phil Scott on December 13th, 2022, along with Proposition 5.

Phil Scott
Philip Brian Scott (born August 4, 1958) is an American politician, stock car racer, and businessman who has served since 2017 as the 82nd governor of Vermont. A member of the Republican Party, he was a representative for the Washington District in the Vermont Senate from 2001 to 2011 and the 81st lieutenant governor of Vermont from 2011 to 2017.

Scott was first elected governor of Vermont in the 2016 general election, and was reelected in 2018, 2020, 2022, and 2024. Scott's 2024 margin of victory is the largest in any Vermont gubernatorial election since 1946. As of 2025, Scott is the second-longest serving incumbent governor in the U.S.

One of the nation's most popular governors, Scott is often described as a moderate Republican or a liberal Republican. According to the Cook Partisan Voting Index, Vermont is the most Democratic-leaning U.S. state (D+17).
Chrysopa
Chrysopa is a genus of green lacewings in the neuropteran family Chrysopidae.

Members of this genus and the genus Chrysoperla are common in much of North America, Europe and Asia. They share similar characteristics and some species have been moved from one genus to the other and back again. Their larvae are predatory and feed on aphids and members of this genus have been used in biological pest control.

William Elford Leach first described this genus in 1815 in Brewster's Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Albert Koebele introduced species of Chrysopa to New Zealand in the 1890s, as a method to combat aphids, however no Chrysopa species were able to establish.

Neuroptera
The insect order Neuroptera, from Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron), meaning "nerve", and πτερόν (pterón), meaning "wing", also known as net-winged insects, includes the lacewings, mantidflies, antlions, and their relatives. The order consists of some 6,000 species. Neuroptera is grouped together with the Megaloptera (alderflies, fishflies, and dobsonflies) and Raphidioptera (snakeflies) in the unranked taxon Neuropterida (once known as Planipennia).

Adult neuropterans have four membranous wings, all about the same size, with many veins. They have chewing mouthparts, and undergo complete metamorphosis.

Neuropterans first appeared during the Permian period, and continued to diversify through the Mesozoic era. During this time, several unusually large forms evolved, especially in the extinct family Kalligrammatidae, often called "the butterflies of the Jurassic" for their large, patterned wings.
Lithuanian Land Forces Band
The Lithuanian Land Forces Band (Lithuanian: Lietuvos sausumos pajėgų orkestras) also informally known as the Iron Wolf Military Band, is a Lithuanian military band that serves as the official band of the Lithuanian Land Forces. It is officially attached to the Mechanised Infantry Brigade Iron Wolf, specifically the Grand Duchess Birutė Mechanized Uhlan Battalion in Alytus. It was established in the half of 1994. It is currently composed of 36 members of the land forces. It has taken part in many international festivals since it came into existence around the time of the Fall of the Soviet Union. Among these festivals are the Hamina Tattoo in 2008. It has also taken part in many municipal and regional events. Notable commanders also include General Justinas Jonušas (who later led the Lithuanian Armed Forces Headquarters Band) and Captain Viktoras Ščetilnikovas, who served the band until his death in 2019.

Birutė
Birutė (c. 1330 – 1382) was the Grand Duchess of Lithuania as the second wife of Kęstutis, Grand Duke of Lithuania, and mother of Vytautas the Great. There is very little known about Birutė's life, but after her death a cult worshiping her developed among Lithuanians, especially in Samogitia.
Banyan Group
Banyan Group Limited (formerly known as Banyan Tree Holdings) is a Singaporean multinational hospitality brand that was established in 1994. It manages and develops resorts, hotels and spas in Asia, Europe, North America, and Africa. The group comprises 12 global brands, including the flagship brand Banyan Tree. Currently, the Group operates more than 70 hotels and resorts, over 60 spas and galleries, and 14 branded residences in over 20 countries.

Spa
A spa is a location where mineral-rich spring water (sometimes seawater) is used to give medicinal baths. Spa health treatments are known as balneotherapy. The belief in the curative powers of mineral waters and hot springs goes back to prehistoric times. Spa towns, spa resorts, and day spas are popular worldwide, but are especially widespread in Europe and Japan.
Terry McBride & the Ride
Terry McBride & the Ride is the fourth studio album recorded by American country music band McBride & the Ride. It was released via MCA Records in 1994. This album features a different lineup than other McBride & the Ride albums; it is also the only album they recorded under the name "Terry McBride & the Ride". "Been There", "Somebody Will", and "High Hopes and Empty Pockets" were all released as singles from this album, although none reached Top 40.

"Teardrops" was also released by George Ducas in 1994 as his debut single, and "Somebody Will" by River Road in 1998 as the third single from their self-titled debut album.

Dann Huff
Dann Lee Huff (born November 15, 1960) is an American record producer, studio guitarist, and songwriter. For his work as a producer in the country music genre, he has won several awards, including the Musician of the Year award in 2001, 2004, and 2016 at the Country Music Association Awards and the Producer of the Year award in 2006 and 2009 at the Academy of Country Music. He is the father of American singer and songwriter Ashlyne Huff, a member of Giant and White Heart and brother of drummer David Huff.
Philippine Benevolent Missionaries Association
The Philippine Benevolent Missionaries Association, Inc. (PBMA) is a non-sectarian and non-profit charitable religious fraternal organization for men and women in the Philippines founded by Ruben Edera Ecleo Sr. (December 9, 1934 – December 20, 1987) in 1965 on the Philippine island of Dinagat, off the coast of Mindanao. Upon the senior Ecleo's death in 1987, he was succeeded by his son Ruben B. Ecleo Jr., who died in prison on May 13, 2021, after being convicted of killing his wife in 2002.

As of 2013, the group claimed to have 140,000 members. It was registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), in Makati, Philippines, on October 19, 1965, under Registration No. 28042. Its main office is located in San Jose, province of Dinagat Islands.

The Manila Times estimates the group has raised at least PHP 35 million in entrance fees from its members since its founding and has been labeled a religious cult.

Securities and Exchange Commission (Philippines)
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC; Filipino: Komisyon sa mga Panagot at Palitan) is the agency of the government of the Philippines charged with the registration and supervision of corporations and securities, as well as capital market institutions and participants, in the Philippines. The commission promotes investor protection in the Philippines as part of its mandate.

An agency under the Department of Finance, the SEC is headquartered at 7907 Makati Avenue, Barangay Bel-Air, Makati. It has ten extension offices located in Baguio, Tarlac, Legazpi, Iloilo, Bacolod, Cebu, Tacloban, Cagayan de Oro, Davao, and Zamboanga.
Ashdown (surname)
Ashdown is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bill Ashdown (1898–1979), English cricketer

David Ashdown (1950–2021), Canadian clergyman and politician

Doug Ashdown (born 1942), Australian singer-songwriter

George Ashdown (1851–1939), Canadian politician

Hugh Ashdown (1904–1977), Bishop of Newcastle

Isabel Ashdown (born 1970), British author

James Henry Ashdown (1844–1924), Canadian merchant

Jamie Ashdown (born 1980), English footballer

Joe Ashdown (1922–1982), Australian rules footballer

John Ashdown-Hill (1949–2018), British historian

Paddy Ashdown (1941–2018), British politician

Pete Ashdown (born 1967), US businessman and politician

Peter Ashdown (born 1934), English racing driver

Richard Ashdown (born 1978), English darts master of ceremonies

Simon Ashdown, British television writer

John Ashdown-Hill
Louis John Frederick Ashdown-Hill MBE FSA (5 April 1949 – 18 May 2018), commonly known as John Ashdown-Hill, was an independent historian and author of books on late medieval English history with a focus on the House of York and Richard III. Ashdown-Hill died on 18 May 2018; after living with motor neurone disease for some time.
2.5-millimeter band
The 2.5-millimeter or 122 GHz band is a portion of the EHF (microwave) radio spectrum internationally allocated to amateur radio use between 122.250 GHz and 123.000 GHz.

The band is close to a molecular resonance of oxygen at 120 GHz, which causes significant atmospheric propagation losses, similar to that found at 60 GHz.

Due to the lack of commercial off the shelf radios, amateurs who operate on the 2.5 mm band must design and construct their own equipment, and those who do, often attempt to set communication distance records for the band.

Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
In physics, absorption of electromagnetic radiation is how matter (typically electrons bound in atoms) takes up a photon's energy—and so transforms electromagnetic energy into internal energy of the absorber (for example, thermal energy).

A notable effect of the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is attenuation of the radiation; attenuation is the gradual reduction of the intensity of light waves as they propagate through a medium.

Although the absorption of waves does not usually depend on their intensity (linear absorption), in certain conditions (optics) the medium's transparency changes by a factor that varies as a function of wave intensity, and saturable absorption (or nonlinear absorption) occurs.
Bewdley, Ontario
Bewdley is a compact rural community in the township municipality of Hamilton, Northumberland County, Ontario, Canada, with a population of about 650 people. The community was founded by William Bancks, whose ancestral home was Bewdley in England. It is located on the western end of Rice Lake about 15 kilometres (9 mi) north of Port Hope.

Bewdley
Bewdley (/ˈbjuːdli/ ⓘ BEWD-lee) is a town and civil parish in the Wyre Forest District in Worcestershire, England, on the banks of the River Severn. It is in the Severn Valley, and is 3.5 miles (5.6 km) west of Kidderminster, 12.5 miles (20.1 km) north of Worcester and 23 miles (37 km) southwest of Birmingham. It lies on the River Severn, at the gateway of the Wyre Forest national nature reserve, and at the time of the 2021 census had a population of 9,267. Bewdley is a popular tourist destination and is known for the Bewdley Bridge, designed by Thomas Telford, and the well-preserved Georgian riverside.
Fatemeh Bodaghi
Fatemeh Bodaghi (Persian: فاطمه بداغی; born c. 1966) is an Iranian conservative politician who served as the vice president for legal affairs under Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.

She was previously the deputy for education and research at the Judiciary's center for barristers and legal advisor. Bodaghi also served as legal advisor to the Chief Justice of Iran.

History of the judicial system of Iran
A nationwide judicial system in Iran was first implemented and established by Abdolhossein Teymourtash under Reza Shah, with further changes during the reign of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

After the 1979 Iranian Revolution overthrew the Pahlavi dynasty, the system was greatly altered. The legal code is now based on Islamic law or sharia, although many aspects of civil law have been retained, and it is integrated into a civil law legal system. According to the constitution of the Islamic Republic, the judiciary in Iran "is an independent power" with a Ministry of Justice, head of the Supreme Court, and also a separate appointed Head of the Judiciary.
La Ola Walzer
"La Ola Walzer" (Trans: The Wave Waltzer) is a song performed and recorded by Austrian artist DJ Ötzi. The song was released alongside the single "Servus die Wadln" on 31 January 2005. The single is a catchy form of 'pop waltz' song, featuring the main melody of "The Blue Danube". The song became popular following DJ Otzi's performance alongside André Rieu and the Johann Strauss Orchestra in Vienna in 2006 and in Maastricht in 2010. Since the performance there has been a small demand for an English version of the song to be released, especially in the UK.

André Rieu
André Léon Marie Nicolas Rieu (Dutch: [ˈɑndreː riˈjøː], French: [ɑ̃dʁe ʁjø]; born 1 October 1949) is a Dutch violinist and conductor best known as the founder of the waltz-playing Johann Strauss Orchestra.

Rieu and his orchestra tour worldwide, often playing in stadiums. He resides in his native Maastricht, where he also regularly performs at the Vrijthof.
John Martin (Missouri politician)
John Martin (born 1968 or 1969) is an American politician who was elected member of the Missouri House of Representatives for the 44th district in 2024. The district covers the eastern and southern portions of Boone County, including the cities of Centralia, Hallsville, and Ashland.

Martin holds a degree in Political Science and Economics from Southwest Baptist University and a Master of Theology degree from Midwestern Baptist Seminary. Martin is a small business owner in Columbia.

Ashland, Mississippi
Ashland is a town in Benton County, Mississippi, United States and the county seat. The population was 551 at the 2020 census, down from 569 at the 2010 census. Ashland was incorporated on March 8, 1871, and has a Mayor-Aldermen form of government.
Tennessee Ramblers (Tennessee band)
The Tennessee Ramblers were an American old-time string band originally consisting of William "Fiddlin' Bill" Sievers (1875–1954) on fiddle, his son James "Mack" Sievers on banjo and vocals, daughter Willie Sievers (1909–1998) on guitar, and cousin Walter McKinney (d. 1960) on steel guitar.  The band was one of the most popular performing groups in East Tennessee during the 1920s through the 1940s, gaining initial fame as a backing band in fiddle contests held at Market Hall in Knoxville, Tennessee, and later performing at fairs and other gatherings around the eastern United States.  They recorded several sides for Brunswick/Vocalion in 1928 and 1929, which were issued on the Vocalion label.  After the death of William Sievers in 1954, siblings James and Willie formed a Hawaiian music group known as Mack's Novelty Hawaiians.  Willie Sievers' guitar solos recorded with the band in 1928 and 1929 are among the first by a female lead guitarist in Country music.

String band
A string band is an old-time music or jazz ensemble made up mainly or solely of string instruments.  String bands were popular in the 1920s and 1930s, and are among the forerunners of modern country music and bluegrass. While being active countrywide, in Philadelphia and its surrounding suburbs they are a huge part of its musical culture and traditions, appearing, among others, in the yearly Mummers Parade.
North Cornwall Museum and Art Gallery
The North Cornwall Museum and Art Gallery is a privately owned local museum and art gallery in Camelford, north Cornwall, England, UK.

The museum opened in 1973 in a building that was originally used for building coaches and wagons. The museum covers life in North Cornwall between 50 and 100 years ago -including cider-making, dairy, farming, and wagons - with sections on the tools used by different types of traditional crafts and professions. There is also a Cornish and Devonshire earthenware collection. Sally Holden is the owner and manager of the museum which is also the tourist information centre for Camelford. The museum only opens from April to September each year.

Coach (carriage)
Coaches are horse-drawn carriages which are large, enclosed, four-wheeled, pulled by two or more horses, and controlled by a coachman or postilion (riders). If driven by a coachman, there is a raised seat in front for a coachman called a box, box seat, or coach box. A coach body typically has a door on each side, a forward facing seat, and frequently another seat facing it. Coaches were built for specific purposes which included transporting mail or travelers, privately owned coaches, and elaborate coaches for state occasions.
Athletics at the 1960 Summer Olympics – Men's hammer throw
The men's hammer throw at the 1960 Summer Olympics took place on September 2 (qualifying) and September 3 (final) at the Stadio Olimpico. The qualifying standards for the 1960 event were 60 m (196 ft 10 in). There were 28 competitors from 18 nations. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The event was won by Vasily Rudenkov of the Soviet Union, the nation's first victory in the event. Gyula Zsivótzky took silver, Hungary's fourth medal in the last four Games in the men's hammer throw. Tadeusz Rut's bronze was Poland's first medal in the event.

Anatoliy Samotsvetov
Anatoliy Vasilyevich Samotsvetov (Russian: Анатолий Васильевич Самоцветов) (27 November 1932 – 17 August 2014) was a Soviet athlete who competed mainly in the hammer throw. He was born in Irkutsk, Irkutsk Oblast.

Samotsvetov competed for the USSR at the 1956 Summer Olympics held in Melbourne, Australia where he won the bronze medal. He trained at Burevestnik in Moscow.
Collins Rock
Collins Rock (66°17′S 110°33′E﻿ / ﻿66.283°S 110.550°E﻿ / -66.283; 110.550) is a low rock at the south side of the entrance to McGrady Cove, Newcomb Bay, on Budd Coast in Antarctica. It was first mapped from U.S. Navy Operation Highjump aerial photographs taken in February 1947, they surveyed in February 1957 by a party from the USS Glacier. The name was suggested by Lieutenant Robert C. Newcomb, U.S. Navy, navigator of the Glacier, for Engineman Frederick A. Collins, U.S. Navy, a member of the survey party.

USS Glacier (AGB-4)
USS Glacier (AGB-4) (later USCGC Glacier (WAG/WAGB-4)) was a U.S. Navy, then U.S. Coast Guard icebreaker which served in the first through fifteenth Operation Deep Freeze expeditions. Glacier was the first icebreaker to make her way through the frozen Bellingshausen Sea, and most of the topography in the area is named for her crew members. When built, Glacier had the largest capacity single armature DC motors ever installed on a ship. Glacier was capable of breaking ice up to 20 feet (6.1 m) thick, and of continuous breaking of 4-foot (1.2 m) thick ice at 3 knots (5.6 km/h; 3.5 mph).

Named for Glacier Bay, Alaska, USS Glacier was launched on 27 August 1954 at Ingalls Shipbuilding Corp., Pascagoula, Mississippi, sponsored by Mrs. Roscoe F. Good; and commissioned on 27 May 1955, CDR. E.H. Mayer USN, Commanding. Glacier is the only icebreaker built in the Glacier class, and was in U.S. Navy service for 11 years, and U.S. Coast Guard service for 21 years.
Triple X (professional wrestling)
Triple X was a wrestling stable in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. The team consisted of Christopher Daniels, Elix Skipper and Low Ki (later known as Senshi). The team was originally formed in late 2002 as part of Vince Russo's Sports Entertainment Xtreme superstable. Daniels, the leader of this group, was a part of it during all of its runs until November 11, 2007.

Final Resolution (2007)
The 2007 Final Resolution was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), which took place on January 14, 2007, at the TNA Impact! Zone in Orlando, Florida. It was the third event under the Final Resolution chronology.

Nine matches were contested at the event, with two being taped as dark matches. In the main event, Christian Cage defeated Sting and Abyss to retain the TNA World Heavyweight Championship. In other prominent matches, Kurt Angle defeated Samoa Joe 3–2 in an Iron man match, Chris Sabin defeated Christopher Daniels and Jerry Lynn to win the Impact X Division Championship and in the opening contest, Rhino defeated AJ Styles in a Last Man Standing match.

The pay-per-view had a buy rate of 35,000. In October 2017, with the launch of the Global Wrestling Network, the event became available to stream on demand.
Parliamentary Council
The Parliamentary Council was a constitutional authority in Sri Lanka established under the 18th Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka. Formally being constituted on January 1, 2011 as per the 18th Amendment, it replaces the Constitutional Council that was established under the 17th Amendment. After Maithripala Sirisena was elected President, Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe presented the new reforms to reinstate a new Constitutional Council in 2015 under the Nineteenth Amendment.

Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka
The 19th Amendment (19A) to the Constitution of Sri Lanka was passed by the 225-member Sri Lankan Parliament with 215 voting in favor, one against, one abstained and seven were absent, on 28 April 2015. The amendment envisages the dilution of many powers of Executive Presidency, which had been in force since 1978. It is the most revolutionary reform ever applied to the Constitution of Sri Lanka since JR Jayawardhane became the first Executive President of Sri Lanka in 1978.
West of England cricket team
A West of England cricket team (known simply as "West") was organised on an ad hoc basis at intervals between 1844 and 1948. CricketArchive lists nine first-class matches and one minor match in 1874 against Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). In addition, West teams were involved in numerous minor events in the 1944 and 1945 seasons, when matches were frequently raised for charitable purposes during World War II. Four first-class matches were played by West against MCC, one against East and one, in 1927, against the touring New Zealanders.

Lansdown Cricket Club Ground
Lansdown Cricket Club Ground is the cricket grounds in Bath, Somerset. Between 1825 and 1850, it was the name given to Lansdown Cricket Club's (LCC) ground 'Cricket Down'.  In 1850, LCC moved to Sydenham Field, also in Bath.  In 1869 the club moved again, and the name was then used for their 'Combe Park' ground, where they have played ever since.
39 Aquarii
39 Aquarii is a star in the zodiac constellation of Aquarius. 39 Aquarii is its Flamsteed designation. It is a faint naked eye star with an apparent visual magnitude of 6.03. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 23.78 measured with a 3% margin of error, this star is at a distance of around 137 light-years (42 parsecs) from Earth. It is a double star with a magnitude 9.3 companion at an angular separation of 0.6 arcseconds along a position angle of 257°.

The stellar classification of this star is F0 V; hence it belongs to the category of F-type main sequence stars that generate energy through hydrogen fusion at the core. It is 1.8 billion years old with 1.35 times the mass of the Sun and 1.79 times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating 6.1 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 6,806 K.

Angular distance
Angular distance or angular separation is the measure of the angle between the orientation of two straight lines, rays, or vectors in three-dimensional space, or the central angle subtended by the radii through two points on a sphere. When the rays are lines of sight from an observer to two points in space, it is known as the apparent distance or apparent separation.

Angular distance appears in mathematics (in particular geometry and trigonometry) and all natural sciences (e.g., kinematics, astronomy, and geophysics). In the classical mechanics of rotating objects, it appears alongside angular velocity, angular acceleration, angular momentum, moment of inertia and torque.