hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Land development bank
A land development bank , abbreviated LDB, is a special kind of development bank in India.  It is a quasi-commercial type that provides services such as accepting deposits, making business loans, and offering basic investment products. The main objective of the LDB is to promote the development of land, agriculture and increase the agricultural production. The LDB provides long-term finance to members directly through its branches.

Depending on their bye-laws or constitutions they provide different functions and structures. Some are organized on a state basis, some on a co-operative basis and some on a private basis, incorporating joint stock principles.

Private property
Private property is a legal designation for the ownership of property by non-governmental legal entities. Private property is distinguishable from public property, which is owned by a state entity, and from collective or cooperative property, which is owned by one or more non-governmental entities. Private property is foundational to capitalism, an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit. As a legal concept, private property is defined and enforced by a country's political system.
Igor Beribak
Igor Beribak (born May 18, 1964) is a former Yugoslav ice hockey player. He played for the Yugoslavia men's national ice hockey team at the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo, and the Slovenia men's national ice hockey team at the 2002 world championships.

Slovenia men's national ice hockey team
The Slovenia men's national ice hockey team is the ice hockey team representing Slovenia internationally. It is governed by the Ice Hockey Federation of Slovenia. As of May 2025, Slovenia is ranked 15th in the world by the IIHF World Ranking. The team's biggest success is reaching the quarter-finals at the 2014 Winter Olympics. Their best record at the Ice Hockey World Championships is 13th place, achieved in 2002, 2005 and 2025.

Seven players from Slovenia have been drafted into the National Hockey League (NHL) since 1998; Anže Kopitar and Jan Muršak have played in the league.
Philip Payton
Philip John Payton (born 1953) is a British-Australian historian and emeritus professor of Cornish and Australian studies. Payton is also Vice-President of the British Australian Studies Association at the University of Exeter and formerly director of the Institute of Cornish Studies based at Tremough, just outside Penryn, Cornwall. An Australian citizen, he is professor of history at Flinders University in Adelaide, South Australia.

Penryn, Cornwall
Penryn (/pɛnˈrɪn/; Cornish: Pennrynn, meaning 'promontory') is a civil parish and town in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is on the Penryn River about 1 mile (1.6 km) northwest of Falmouth. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 8,489 and the built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics (which extends beyond the parish boundary) had a population of 11,195.

Though now the town is overshadowed by the larger nearby town of Falmouth, Penryn was once an important harbour in its own right, lading granite and tin to be shipped to other parts of the country and world during the medieval period.
Kaeng pa
Kaeng pa (Thai: แกงป่า, pronounced [kɛ̄ːŋ pàː], lit. 'forest curry' or 'jungle curry') is a variety of Thai curry from the forested areas of Thailand. Unlike many other Thai curries, traditional kaeng pa usually contains no coconut milk, as coconuts are not naturally found in the rainforests in the northern part of the country. This quality makes it more suitable for people on low saturated fat diets. There are, however, variants that do include coconut.

Kaeng pa is a highly spicy and watery curry that has a distinctive full taste. Ingredients usually include kaffir lime peel and leaves, lemongrass, green pepper corns, galangal, garlic, pea eggplant and chilli. It was originally prepared with wild boar, but is now more commonly prepared with pork or chicken.

Galangal
Galangal (/ˈɡæləŋˌɡæl/) is a rhizome of plants in the ginger family Zingiberaceae, with culinary and medicinal uses originating in Indonesia.  It is one of four species in the genus Alpinia, and is known for its pungent, aromatic flavor.

Greater galangal  (Alpinia galanga) is most commonly used, and is similar to ginger and turmeric. It is native to South Asia and Southeast Asia. Lesser galangal (Alpinia officinarum) and other types are also used, though less frequently. In traditional medicine, galangal is used to treat various ailments. It is a common ingredient in Indonesian, Khmer, Lao, Malaysian, Thai and Vietnamese cuisine, and is also used in some traditional Chinese medicine.
Catherington Down
Catherington Down is a 12.8-hectare (32-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Catherington in Hampshire. It is also a Local Nature Reserve

This western sloping site is chalk grassland with prominent lynchet strips dating to the Middle Ages. It is managed by grazing and has a variety of chalk herbs, such as pyramidal orchid, round-headed rampion and autumn lady's-tresses. There is also a narrow belt of woodland.

There is access by footpaths from Catherington Lane.

Spiranthes spiralis
Spiranthes spiralis, commonly known as autumn lady's-tresses, is an orchid that grows in Europe and adjacent North Africa and Asia. It is a small grey-green plant. It forms a rosette of four to five pointed, sessile, ovate leaves about 3 cm (1.2 in) in length. In late summer an unbranched stem of about 10–15 cm (3.9–5.9 in) tall is produced with approximately four sheath-shaped leaves. The white flowers are about 5 mm (0.20 in) long and have a green spot on the lower lip. They are arranged in a helix around the upper half of the stalk. The species is listed in Appendix II of CITES as a species that is not currently threatened with extinction but that may become so. Autumn lady's-tresses are legally protected in Belgium, UK and the Netherlands, and in some regions of France.
J-Flo
Jesse Suntele (born 18 September 1992) is a South African actor, model, rapper and television personality. He became popular by winning the second season of the BET reality competition series Top Actor Africa in 2016.

SABC 1
SABC 1 is a South African public television network operated by the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC). It broadcasts programming in English and Nguni languages.

SABC 1 was established in 1996 following the SABC's restructuring of its television channels. Much of its programming was carried over from the TV1 network, which had itself been formed from the timeshared channels TV2, TV3, and TV4 in the 1980s. SABC 1 attracts the largest audience in South Africa due to its diverse programming, including SABC's longest-running soap opera, Generations: The Legacy, as well as Uzalo and Skeem Saam.

As of June 2018, the channel began broadcasting in high definition.
St Matthew's Anglican Church, Drayton
St Matthew's Anglican Church is a heritage-listed church at Beatrice Street, Drayton, once a town but now a suburb of Toowoomba in Toowoomba Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by James Marks and built from 1886 to 1887 by Seath, Hobart and Watson. It is also known as St Matthew's Church of England and is the second church of that name in Drayton. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Toowoomba Region
The Toowoomba Region is a local government area (LGA) on the border of Darling Downs and South East Queensland regions of Queensland, Australia. Established in 2008, the LGA was preceded by several other local government authorities with histories extending back to the early 1900s and beyond.

In 2018–2019, it had a A$491 million budget, of which A$316 million is for service delivery and A$175.13 million capital (infrastructure) budget.

In the 2021 census, the Toowoomba Region had a population of 173,204 people.
Ivar Backlund
Lieutenant General Gustav Ivar Backlund (14 February 1892 – 5 July 1969) was a senior Swedish Army officer. Backlund began his military career in 1912, rising to the rank of captain by 1924. He held various roles, including adjutant to the Ministry of Defence and teacher at the Artillery and Engineering College. Promoted to colonel in 1939, he became the regimental commander of the Dalarna Regiment. In 1944, Backlund served as Commandant in Boden Fortress and held a key role in the IV Military District from 1944 to 1946. He achieved the rank of major general in 1946 and served as Chief of the Army Staff until 1948. Later, he became the military commander of the VII Military District until 1955 and headed the Swedish National Defence College until 1956, retiring as a lieutenant general in 1957.

Swedish Army
The Swedish Army (Swedish: Svenska Armén) is the land force of the Swedish Armed Forces of the Kingdom of Sweden. Beginning with its service in 1521, the Swedish Army has been active for more than 500 years.
Erwinia psidii
Erwinia psidii is a Gram-negative bacterium and a phytopathogen of the common guava (Psidium guajava), causing rot in branches, flowers and fruits. Recently, it was demonstrated that this species produces two acyl homoserine lactones (S-(-)-N-hexanoyl- and N-heptanoyl-homoserine lactone), widely recognized bacterial quorum sensing signaling substances, and employed in bacterial cell-to-cell communication systems.

Psidium guajava
Psidium guajava, the common guava, yellow guava, lemon guava, or apple guava is an evergreen shrub or small tree native to the Americas. It is pollinated by insects. When cultivated, it is pollinated mainly by the common honey bee, Apis mellifera.
Lataha
Lataha is a town in northern Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Korhogo Department in Poro Region, Savanes District.

Lataha was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Lataha was 30,745.

Poro Region
Poro Region is one of the 31 regions of Ivory Coast. Since its establishment in 2011, it has been one of three regions in Savanes District. The seat of the region is Korhogo and the region's population in the 2021 census was 1,040,461.

Poro is currently divided into four departments: Dikodougou, Korhogo, M'Bengué, and Sinématiali.
Sclerococcum aptrootii
Sclerococcum aptrootii is a species of lichenicolous fungus in the family Dactylosporaceae. Found in Puerto Rico, it was formally described as a new species in 2015 by the Luxemburger mycologist Paul Diederich. The type specimen was collected in Maricao State Forest north of Sabana Grande (Mayagüez), at an altitude of 800 m (2,600 ft); here, in a low mountain forest, it was found growing on the lichen Fissurina dumastii. It is only known to occur at the type locality. The fungus forms black, rounded sporodochia that measure 50–100 μm in diameter; it does not otherwise damage the host. The species epithet honours Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot, who collected the type in 1989.

Sabana Grande, Puerto Rico
Sabana Grande (Spanish pronunciation: [saˈβana ˈɣɾande]) is a town and municipality of Puerto Rico located north of Lajas and Guánica; south of Maricao; east of San Germán; and west of Yauco. Sabana Grande is spread over seven barrios and Sabana Grande Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is part of the San Germán-Cabo Rojo Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Rachen
Rachen (Belarusian: Рачэнь, romanized: Račeń; Russian: Речень, romanized: Rechen) is an agrotown in Lyuban District, Minsk Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Rachen selsoviet. It is located 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Lyuban, 40 kilometres (25 mi) from Urechcha, and 197 kilometres (122 mi) from the capital Minsk. In 2011, it had a population of 693.

Minsk region
Minsk region, also known as Minsk oblast or Minsk voblasts, is one of the six regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. The region's population was recorded at 1,411,500 in 2011.
A quien corresponda
A quien corresponda (To Whom it may Concern) is an Argentine novel by Martín Caparrós. It was first published in 2008. The book is a combination of anecdotes, stories, and situations recalled by the protagonist, Carlos "el Gallego"(the Galician), in order to remember his partner, who was assassinated by the Argentinian military during the National Reorganization Process.

Martín Caparrós
Martín Caparrós (born May 29, 1957) is an Argentine writer, journalist, essayist and social commentator. As an author he is widely known for his detailed and insightful works of fiction and non-fiction. Some of his most notable books include La Voluntad, El Hambre, and El Interior. His books have been translated into numerous languages, earning him widespread acclaim.
Sinner (Aaron Lewis album)
Sinner is the second solo studio album by an American rock musician Aaron Lewis of the nu metal band Staind. It was released on September 16, 2016, through Dot Records, and produced by Buddy Cannon. The first single, "That Ain't Country", was released on June 17, 2016, which coincided with the album announcement. To support the album, Lewis conducted a series of concerts titled "The Sinner Tour".

Aaron Lewis
Aaron Francis Lewis (born April 13, 1972) is an American singer, songwriter, and musician who is best known as the lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist, and founding member of the post-grunge/alternative metal band Staind, with whom he released eight studio albums. Since 2010, he has pursued a solo career in country music with his debut EP, Town Line, which was released in 2011. Lewis's first full-length solo release, The Road, was released by Blaster Records in 2012.

In 2006, Lewis was ranked at number 49 in the "Top 100 Heavy Metal Vocalists" by Hit Parader.
Frank Richards (performer)
Frank Anson Richards, also known as Frank "Cannonball" Richards and Cannonball Richards (February 20, 1887 – February 7, 1969), was an American carnival and vaudeville performer whose act involved taking heavy blows to his abdomen.

Richards began by letting people (including heavyweight champion Jack Dempsey) punch him in the gut. Dempsey hit him in the abdomen a reported total of seventy-five times. He then progressed to letting people jump on his belly, being struck by a two-by-four, being struck by a sledgehammer, and finally being shot by a 104-lb. (47 kg) cannonball from a 12 foot (3.6m) compressed air cannon. Richards limited his cannonball act to twice per day, as performing it more often was too painful.

Sledgehammer
A sledgehammer is a tool with a large, flat, massive, often metal head, attached to a long wooden or solid handle. The long handle is combined with a heavy head which allows the sledgehammer to pick up momentum during a swing and apply a large force compared to hammers designed to drive nails. Along with the mallet, it shares the ability to distribute force over a wide area. This is in contrast to other types of hammers, which concentrate gravity and force in a relatively small area.
John B. Bell (mathematician)
John B. Bell is an American mathematician and the Chief Scientist of the Computational Research Division at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He has made contributions in the areas of finite difference methods, numerical methods for low Mach number flows, adaptive mesh refinement, interface tracking and parallel computing. He has also worked on the application of these numerical methods to problems from a broad range of fields, including combustion, shock physics, seismology, flow in porous media and astrophysics.

Numerical method
In numerical analysis, a numerical method is a mathematical tool designed to solve numerical problems. The implementation of a numerical method with an appropriate convergence check in a programming language is called a numerical algorithm.
Tale of a True Man
Tale of a True Man (Russian: Повесть о настоящем человеке)  is a Soviet feature film directed by Aleksandr Stolper, based on the Russian book of the same name by Boris Polevoy.

For the participation in the film, a number of film actors and the cameraman were awarded the Stalin Prize in 1949.

Boris Polevoy
Boris Nikolayevich Polevoy (Russian: Бори́с Никола́евич Полево́й; 17 March [O.S. 4 March] 1908 – 12 July 1981) was a Soviet and Russian writer, screenwriter, journalist and war correspondent. He is the author of the book The Story of a Real Man about Soviet World War II fighter pilot Aleksey Maresyev.
North Harbour Rugby Union
The North Harbour Rugby Union (NHRU), commonly known as North Harbour or simply Harbour, is the governing body of rugby union that encompasses a wide geographical area north of Auckland that includes North Shore City, Rodney District, the Hibiscus Coast and part of Waitakere City. There are 12 rugby clubs from Mahurangi RFC, based in Warkworth, Rodney District, in the north through to Massey the southernmost area of the union.

The NHRU provincial rugby team that was formed in 1985 by clubs that left the Auckland Rugby Union. It competes in the Mitre 10 Cup, the successor to New Zealand's former domestic competition, the National Provincial Championship (NPC).

North Shore City
North Shore City was a territorial authority unit in the Auckland Region of New Zealand that was governed by the North Shore City Council. It existed from 1989 until November 2010, when the council was incorporated into Auckland Council. It had an estimated population of 229,000 at 30 June 2010, making it the fourth most populous city in New Zealand prior to the 2010 reorganisation. It was the country's fourth largest city in land, with an area of 129.81 square kilometres (50.12 sq mi) and a coastline of  141 kilometres (88 mi). It was the most densely populated city in the country, because most of its area was urban or suburban in nature, unlike other New Zealand cities.
Molly Spearman
Molly Mitchell Spearman (born January 23, 1954) is an American educator and politician who served as the South Carolina Superintendent of Education from 2015 to 2023. She is a Republican.

She grew up on her family's farm in Saluda County, South Carolina. She received a B.A. in music education from Lander University, has a master's degree in education supervision from George Washington University, and an education specialist degree from the University of South Carolina.

She taught music at public schools, served four terms in the South Carolina House of Representatives, and was Deputy Superintendent of Education before being elected Superintendent of Education in November 2014.

According to her biography on the state's website, she plays organ at her church.

In 2020, she worked to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic including addressing issues related to online learning and how to reopen schools safely.

Saluda County, South Carolina
Saluda County is a county in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 18,862. Its county seat is Saluda. The county was formed from northern and eastern portions of Edgefield County. Saluda County is part of the Columbia metropolitan statistical area.
Chamonix-Mont-Blanc station
Chamonix-Mont-Blanc station (French: Gare de Chamonix-Mont-Blanc) is a railway station in the commune of Chamonix-Mont-Blanc, in the French department of Haute-Savoie. It is located on the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge Saint-Gervais–Vallorcine line of SNCF. The station is adjacent to the station of the Chemin de fer du Montenvers, which operates a rack railway to the Mer de Glace.

Mer de Glace
The Mer de Glace (French pronunciation: [mɛʁ də ɡlas], lit. 'Sea of Ice') is a valley glacier located on the northern slopes of the Mont Blanc massif, in the French Alps. It is 7.5 km long and 200 metres (660 ft) deep but, when all its tributary glaciers are taken into account, it can be regarded as the longest and largest glacier in France, and the second longest in the Alps after the Aletsch Glacier.: 5, 20

I can no otherwise convey to you an image of this body of ice, broken into irregular ridges and deep chasms than by comparing it to waves instantaneously frozen in the midst of a violent storm.
Seward & Kissel
Seward & Kissel is an American law firm with offices in New York City and Washington, D.C. that was founded in 1890. Its primary expertise is in the financial services industry. The firm's clientele includes commercial banks, investment funds, institutional investors, and shipping and transport companies. As of September 2015, the firm had 160 lawyers.

Commercial bank
A commercial bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and gives loans to its clients to make a profit.

It can also refer to a bank or a division of a larger bank that deals with wholesale banking to corporations or large or middle-sized businesses, to differentiate from retail banks and investment banks. Commercial banks include private sector banks and public sector banks. However, central banks function differently from commercial banks, despite a common misconception known as the "bank analogy". Unlike commercial banks, central banks are not primarily focused on generating profits and cannot become insolvent in the same way as commercial banks in a fiat currency system.
Ottawa Torah Institute
Ottawa Torah Institute was a yeshiva high school located in Ottawa, providing secular and Judaic education. Founded in 1982 as a boys' school, it was Ottawa's first full-time Jewish high school.  In 1990 the high school expanded to include a girls' division, known as Machon Sarah.  Graduates from Ottawa Torah Institute earned an Ontario Secondary School Diploma.

Ontario Secondary School Diploma
The Ontario Secondary School Diploma (OSSD) is a diploma granted to secondary school graduates in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is part of the publicly funded province-wide school system. It is awarded to all students who complete the Ontario education curriculum, including students in Special Education, the TOPS program, MaCS program, IB Program, and other focused secondary school programs.

Adults who did not complete an Ontario Secondary School Diploma may take the Canadian Adult Education Credential battery of high school equivalency tests to receive an Ontario High School Equivalency Certificate.
War of the Buttons (novel)
La Guerre des boutons (Fr.) or The War of the Buttons, a novel of my twelfth year (complete title) is a French novel written by Louis Pergaud, from the French region of Franche-Comté, and published in 1912. It describes the "war" between two gangs from rival villages, Longeverne and Velrans, in the countryside of Franche-Comté. The author got his inspiration from the village of Landresse, where he taught for two years. The title comes from the goal of the war, to get as many buttons as possible from the opposing side by cutting them off shirts and trousers. For the most part, the story is told from the point of view of the children from Longeverne.

Button
A button (/bʌtən/) is a  fastener that joins two pieces of fabric together by slipping through a loop or by sliding through a buttonhole.

In modern clothing and fashion design, buttons are commonly made of plastic but also may be made of metal, wood, or seashell. Buttons can also be used on containers such as wallets and bags. Buttons may be sewn onto garments and similar items exclusively for purposes of ornamentation. In the applied arts and craft, a button can be an example of folk art, studio craft, or even a miniature work of art. In archaeology, a button can be a significant artifact.