hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
CGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 is an enzyme (EC 3.1.4.17) from the phosphodiesterase class. It is found in various tissues, most prominently the corpus cavernosum of the clitoris and of the penis as well as the retina. It has also been recently discovered to play a vital role in the cardiovascular system.

The phosphodiesterase (PDE) isozymes, found in several tissues including the rod and cone photoreceptor cells of the retina, belong to a large family of cyclic nucleotide PDEs that catalyze cAMP and cGMP hydrolysis.

The interest in PDEs as molecular targets of drug action has grown with the development of isozyme-selective PDE inhibitors that offer potent inhibition of selected isozymes without the side-effects attributed to nonselective inhibitors such as theophylline.

Sildenafil, vardenafil, tadalafil, and avanafil are PDE5 inhibitors that are significantly more potent and selective than zaprinast and other early PDE5 inhibitors.

Corpus cavernosum penis
A corpus cavernosum penis (singular) (from Latin, characterised by "cavities/ hollows" of the penis, pl.: corpora cavernosa) is one of a pair of sponge-like regions of erectile tissue, which contain most of the blood in the penis of several animals during an erection.

It is homologous to the corpus cavernosum clitoridis in the female.
Philip Lorenz International Keyboard Concerts
Philip Lorenz International Keyboard Concerts or Philip Lorenz Memorial Keyboard Concerts is an international keyboard concert series in Central California that was founded in 1972 (with the name Keyboard Concerts) by Philip Lorenz. In 1992, upon the passing of Philip Lorenz, president and artistic director, Andreas Werz was appointed by the Board as his successor. Noteworthy artists who have been part of the series include Emanuel Ax, Sergei Babayan, Barry Douglas, Richard Goode, Radu Lupu, Paul Badura-Skoda, Ruth Laredo, Tigran Hamasyan, Angela Hewitt, Garrick Ohlsson, Philippe Entremont and Yefim Bronfman.

Emanuel Ax
Emanuel "Manny" Ax (born June 8, 1949) is an  American classical pianist. He is known for his chamber music collaborations with cellist Yo-Yo Ma and violinists Isaac Stern and Young Uck Kim, as well as his piano recitals and performances with major orchestras in the world.

Starting at age 12, Ax studied piano under Mieczysław Munz of the Juilliard School. He won honorable mention at the VIII International Chopin Piano Competition in 1970, third place at the Vianna da Motta International Music Competition in 1971, seventh place at the Queen Elisabeth Competition in 1972, and first prize in the Arthur Rubinstein International Piano Master Competition in 1974.

Ax has been a faculty member at the Juilliard School since 1990.
Haifa Hussein
Haifa Hussein (born 22 October 1979) is a Bahraini actress and singer, well known for Khaliji television dramas in her native Bahrain. Haifa began her career in 1999, and achieved regional recognition for her main role in Lakita TV series.

Baharna
The Bahārna (Arabic: بُحارنة, lit. 'Buharnah', or Arabic: اِلبحارنه, lit. 'il baharneh'), are an Arabic-speaking  ethnoreligious group mostly of Shia Muslim background, indigenous to the historical region of Bahrain. Regarded by some scholars as the original inhabitants of Eastern Arabia, most Bahraini citizens are Baharna. They inhabited the region before the arrival of the Banu Utbah, from which the Bahraini royal family descends, in the 18th century.

Outside the modern country of Bahrain, Baharna populations are found throughout Eastern Arabia (Bahrain, Qatif, and al-Ahsa). There are also significant populations in Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Oman, Iraq (specifically Najaf and Karbala), as well as Khorramshahr and Hormozgan province in Iran.
Bulwer, KwaZulu-Natal
Bulwer is a small town in the KwaZulu-Natal's Midlands region, South Africa. It is situated on the R617 regional road between the towns of Boston and Underberg and around 50 minutes north-west of the town of Ixopo on the R56. The village is nestled in the shadow of the Amahwaqa (the misty one) mountain.

Midlands of KwaZulu-Natal
The KwaZulu-Natal midlands is an inland area of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa that starts from Pietermaritzburg and ends before the Drakensberg mountain range; between  Pietermaritzburg, Estcourt and Greytown.
Paris Exposition
Paris Exposition or Paris Exhibition can refer to

French Industrial Exposition of 1844

Exposition des produits de l'industrie française, held intermittently from 1798 to 1849

Exposition Universelle (1855), the Paris Exposition of 1855

Exposition Universelle (1867), the Paris Exposition of 1867

Exposition Universelle (1878), the Paris Exposition or Paris World's Fair of 1878

Exposition Universelle (1889), the Paris Exposition of 1889

Exposition Universelle (1900), the Paris Exposition of 1900

International Exposition of Modern Industrial and Decorative Arts, the Paris Exposition of 1925

Paris Colonial Exposition, the Paris Exposition of 1931

Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne, the Paris Exposition of 1937

Paris Colonial Exposition
The Paris Colonial Exhibition (or "Exposition coloniale internationale", International Colonial Exhibition) was a six-month colonial exhibition held in Paris, France, in 1931 that attempted to display the diverse cultures and immense resources of France's colonial possessions.
Aata Hudugata
Aata Hudugata (transl. Child's play) is a 1995 Indian Kannada-language romantic thriller film written and directed by B. Ramamurthy. The film stars Raghavendra Rajkumar and Prema in the lead roles along with Swathi, Gangadhar, Shivaranjan, Aravind and Shivakumar in supporting roles. The music is composed by Sadhu Kokila. The film draws its plot as an inspiration from the Hindi film, Khiladi (1992).

Raghavendra Rajkumar
Raghavendra Rajkumar (born 15 August 1965) is an Indian actor, singer and producer of Kannada cinema. He is the son of actor Dr. Rajkumar and film producer Parvathamma Rajkumar. He made his debut as a lead in the film Chiranjeevi Sudhakar (1988) before appearing in the  successful 1989 film Nanjundi Kalyana. He went on to star in films such as Gajapathi Garvabhanga (1989), Anukoolakkobba Ganda (1990), and Geluvina Saradaara (1996). His last prominent film was Upendra's Swasthik (1998), a box office failure. He starred in Pakkadmane Hudugi (2004) before taking a fifteen-year sabbatical from acting. Since then he has produced television serials under Poornima Productions and films under Sri Vajreshwari Combines.

His comeback film as a villain, Chillum, was dropped. In 2019, when he went to act in a lead role in the movie Ammana Mane, the Prime Minister of Singapore heard about it and watched the movie.
Richard Real Bird
Richard Real Bird is a Crow politician and former chairman of the Crow Tribe of Montana. Real Bird served as chairman of the Crow Tribe for two terms, from 1986 until 1990.

Real Bird was convicted of fraud and embezzlement while in office. He lost his 1990 re-election bid to Crow Nation secretary Clara Nomee, who succeeded him.

Embezzlement
Embezzlement (from Anglo-Norman, from Old French besillier ("to torment, etc."), of unknown origin) is a type of financial crime, usually involving theft of money from a business or employer. It often involves a trusted individual taking advantage of their position to steal funds or assets, most commonly over a period of time.
2001 Tour of Slovenia
The 2001 Tour of Slovenia (Slovene: Dirka po Sloveniji) was the 8th edition of the Tour of Slovenia, categorized as UCI‑2.5 stage race held between 8 and 13 May 2001.

The race consisted of 7 stages with 1,005.5 km (624.8 mi) in total.

Race stage
A race stage, leg, or heat is a unit of a race that has been divided in several parts for the reason such as length of the distance to be covered, as in a multi-day event. Usually, such a race consists of "ordinary" stages, but sometimes stages are held as an individual time trial or a team time trial. Long races such as the Tour de France, Absa Cape Epic or the Giro d'Italia are known for their stages of one day each, whereas the boat sailing Velux 5 Oceans Race is broken down in usually four stages of several weeks duration each, where the competitors are racing continuously day and night. In bicycling and running events, a race with stages is known as a stage race. Other examples include ultramarathons and adventure racing.
Sherine Wong
Sherine Wong Sook Ling (simplified Chinese: 黄淑玲; traditional Chinese: 黃淑玲; pinyin: Huáng Shūlíng; Cantonese Yale: Wong Suk Ling; born 28 March 1979) is a Malaysian Chinese model and beauty pageant titleholder who the winner of Miss Malaysia Universe in 1998 and represented Malaysia in the Miss Universe 1998. She is currently a full pledge model in Hong Kong.

Miss Universe 1998
Miss Universe 1998 was the 47th Miss Universe pageant, was held at the Stan Sheriff Arena in Honolulu, Hawaii, United States, on 12 May 1998. Wendy Fitzwilliam of Trinidad and Tobago was crowned by Brook Lee of the United States at the end of the event.

This marked the only second time that Trinidad and Tobago has won Miss Universe. Eighty-one contestants competed in this year.
Yasin Sulaiman
Mohamad Yasin Sulaiman (born October 30, 1975) is a Malaysian singer-songwriter and convicted criminal. Born to a Malay father and Australian mother, Yasin started his career with Malaysian nasyid group, Brothers and later, went on solo career before returned to his group. In August 2024, he was sentenced to life imprisonment and 16 strokes of the cane for drug related offences.

His song, "Mimpi Laila", has succeeded in promoting his name as a singer and composer when he won the overall title at the Anugerah Juara Lagu in 2001. His second solo album titled Salsabila won the Best Ethnic Pop Album award at the 10th Anugerah Industri Muzik in 2003. He now focuses on his career as a publisher and songwriter. Among his popular compositions are "Wassini", "Lagu Rindu", "Ku Temu Cahaya" and "Alhamdulillah".

Nasheed
A nasheed (Arabic: نَشِيد, romanized: nashīd, lit. 'chant', pl. أَنَاشِيد, anāshīd) is a work of vocal music, partially coincident with hymns, that is either sung a cappella or with instruments, according to a particular style or tradition within Islam.

Nasheeds (or anasheed, the plural in Arabic) are popular throughout the Muslim world. The material and lyrics of a nasheed usually reference Islamic beliefs, history, religion, and current events.

A nashīd performer is called a nashidist in English and munshid in Arabic (مُنْشِد, Munshid, f. مُنْشِدَة, Munshidah, pl. مُنْشِدِين, Munshidīn).
George Byers (boxer)
George Byers (June 25, 1872 – April 10, 1937) was a Canadian boxer who won the World Colored Middleweight Championship in 1897 and held the World Colored Heavyweight Championship from September 14, 1898, to March 16, 1901, a reign of 913 days. The 5′ 8½″  fought out of Boston from 1895 to 1904 at a weight of between 120 and 165 lbs., in many weight classes and frequently against men that were much larger than himself. On 9 December 1897 in Waterbury, Connecticut, he faced Harry Peppers in a title match for the World Colored Middleweight Championship.  Byers knocked out the undefeated Peppers, the Pacific Coast Middleweight Champion of the Pacific Coast in the 19th round of a 20-round contest. He took up US citizenship in 1917 (subscription required)

World Colored Heavyweight Championship
The World Colored Heavyweight Championship was a title awarded to black boxers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This was the only recognized heavyweight championship available to black boxers prior to Jack Johnson winning the world heavyweight title in 1908. The title continued to exist until the reign of Joe Louis as universally recognized champ, as the color bar against black heavyweights was enforced during and for a generation after Jack Johnson's reign as world champ.
Leubingen tumulus
The Leubingen tumulus (German: Fürstengrab von Leubingen) is an Early Bronze Age "princely" grave of the Leubingen culture, (which, after further finds at Auntjetitz became known as Auntjetitz or Únětice culture), dating to about 1940 BC. It is located  near the hills of Kyffhäuser in Leubingen, an Ortsteil of Sömmerda in the eastern German state of Thuringia.

Kyffhäuser
The Kyffhäuser (German pronunciation: [ˈkɪfˌhɔʏzɐ] ⓘ, sometimes also referred to as Kyffhäusergebirge) is a hill range in Central Germany, shared by Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt, southeast of the Harz mountains. It reaches its highest point at the Kulpenberg with an elevation of 473.4 m (1,553 ft). The range is the site of medieval Kyffhausen Castle (Reichsburg Kyffhausen) and the 19th century Kyffhäuser Monument; it has significance in German traditional mythology as the legendary resting place of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa.
Gandhigram, Tamil Nadu
Gandhigram is a census town in Dindigul district along the National Highway 44 in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Gandhigram is situated between Dindigul & Madurai on the NH 47(old) and current NH 44. Its next to Chinnalapatti.

Chinnalapatti
Chinnalapatti is a Panchayat town in Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu in India with a total population of about 26285 (as per 2011 census). In 2021 most of the wards are merged to accommodate it to 18 wards, as chinnalapatti is still a town panchayat. It is understood that the number of voters are 29000 and population would be around 42000. Making it the largest town panchayat in Dindigul district. The town is well known for the handloom sarees and garments. The place is located next to Sirumalai hills which has lot of grapes farmlands.
Jim Mooty
James W. Mooty (born June 15, 1937) is an American former professional football player who was a safety for the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League (NFL).  He was selected first-team All-American by the Associated Press in 1959 while playing college football for the Arkansas Razorbacks.

Arkansas Razorbacks football
The Arkansas Razorbacks football program represents the University of Arkansas in the sport of American football. The Razorbacks compete in the 
Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). Home games are played at stadiums on or near the two largest campuses of the University of Arkansas System: Donald W. Reynolds Razorback Stadium in Fayetteville and War Memorial Stadium in Little Rock.

The program began in 1894 and has compiled an all-time record of 740–539–40, for a .576 winning percentage. The Razorbacks have won 13 conference championships and have had 58 players honored as All-Americans. Arkansas claims one national championship (1964) awarded by the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA).
Steve Clarke
Stephen Clarke (born 29 August 1963) is a Scottish professional football manager and former player who is the manager of the Scotland national team.

Clarke played for St Mirren, Chelsea and the Scotland national team, winning three major trophies with Chelsea towards the end of his career. After retiring as a player, he moved into coaching and worked at Newcastle United, Chelsea, West Ham United and Liverpool. Clarke has since managed West Bromwich Albion and Reading. After a spell coaching at Aston Villa, Clarke was appointed Kilmarnock manager in October 2017 and led them to a European place with a club record points total in his only full season in charge. In May 2019, he was appointed manager of the Scotland national team. During his tenure, he has led the team to qualifications for UEFA Euro 2020 (their first major tournament for 23 years), UEFA Euro 2024 and FIFA World Cup 2026, their first appearance at the World Cup finals since 1998.

Cyprus national football team
The Cyprus national football team (Greek: Εθνική ομάδα ποδοσφαίρου της Κύπρου, romanized: Ethnikí omáda podosfaírou tis Kýprou), represents Cyprus in men's international football and is controlled by the Cyprus Football Association. The team's home ground is the AEK Arena in Larnaca.
Sara Gambetta
Sara Mabel Gambetta (born 18 February 1993 in Lauterbach, Hesse) is a German shot putter and former heptathlete.

As a heptathlete, she won the silver medal at the 2010 World Junior Championships and at the 2011 European Junior Championships. She then switched to shot put, finishing eighth at the 2013 European U23 Championships and winning the bronze medal at the 2015 European U23 Championships. As a senior, she finished seventh at the 2016 European Championships.

She competed in women's shot put at the 2016 Summer Olympics where she finished 20th in qualification and did not advance.

Her personal best is 17.95 metres, achieved at the 2016 European Championships in Amsterdam. Her personal best in the heptathlon was 6108 points, achieved at the 2011 European Junior Championships in Tallinn.

She represents the club SC DHfK Leipzig.

SC DHfK Leipzig
SC DHfK Leipzig e. V. (Sportclub Deutsche Hochschule für Körperkultur Leipzig e. V.) is a sports club in Leipzig, Germany. It was established in 1954 as a competitive sports club, initially under the name SC Wissenschaft DHfK Leipzig, and remained part of the East German sports university Deutsche Hochschule für Körperkultur (DHfK) until the university was closed in 1991. The club has about 6,100 members (2024) and is the biggest in Leipzig.
Ant mill
An ant mill is an observed phenomenon in which a group of army ants, separated from the main foraging party, lose the pheromone track and begin to follow one another, forming a continuously rotating circle. This circle is commonly known as a “death spiral” because the ants might eventually die of exhaustion. It has been reproduced in laboratories and in ant colony simulations.

The phenomenon is a side effect of the self-organizing structure of ant colonies. Each ant merely follows the ant in front of it, which functions until a slight deviation begins to occur, typically by an environmental trigger, and an ant mill forms. An ant mill was first described in 1921 by William Beebe, who observed a mill 370 meters (1,210 ft) in circumference. It took each ant two and a half hours to make one revolution. Similar phenomena have been noted in processionary caterpillars and fish.

Fatigue
Fatigue is a state of being without energy for a prolonged period of time. Fatigue is used in two contexts: in the medical sense, and in the sense of normal tiredness.

In the medical sense, fatigue is seen as a symptom, and is sometimes associated with medical conditions including autoimmune disease, organ failure, mood disorders, heart disease, infectious diseases, and post-infectious-disease states. However, fatigue is complex and in up to a third of primary care cases no medical or psychiatric diagnosis is found.

In the sense of tiredness, fatigue often follows prolonged physical or mental activity. Physical fatigue results from muscle fatigue brought about by intense physical activity. Mental fatigue results from prolonged periods of cognitive activity which impairs cognitive ability, can manifest as sleepiness, lethargy, or directed attention fatigue, and can also impair physical performance.
Bridget Anne Kelly
Bridget Anne Kelly is the former deputy chief of staff to the Governor of New Jersey, Chris Christie, known for her participation in the Bridgegate scandal.

Kelly, a New Jersey native, grew up in Ramsey and graduated from Immaculate Heart Academy in 1990. She graduated from Mount St. Mary's University in 1994 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science.

Mount St. Mary's University (Maryland)
Mount St. Mary's University is a private Catholic university in Emmitsburg, Maryland, United States. It has the largest Catholic seminary in the United States. Undergraduate programs are divided between the College of Liberal Arts, the Richard J. Bolte School of Business, and the School of Natural Science and Mathematics. "The Mount" has over 40 undergraduate majors, minors, concentrations, and special programs, as well as bachelor's/master's combinations in partnership with other universities, 8 master's programs, and 6 postgraduate certificate programs.
General-purpose modeling
General-purpose modeling (GPM) is the systematic use of a general-purpose modeling language to represent the various facets of an object or a system. Examples of GPM languages are:

The Unified Modeling Language (UML), an industry standard for modeling software-intensive systems

EXPRESS, a data modeling language for product data, standardized as ISO 10303-11

IDEF, a group of languages from the 1970s that aimed to be neutral, generic and reusable

Gellish, an industry standard natural language oriented modeling language for storage and exchange of data and knowledge, published in 2005

XML, a data modeling language now beginning to be used to model code (MetaL, Microsoft .Net )

GPM languages are in contrast with domain-specific modeling languages (DSMs).

System
A system is a group of interacting or interrelated elements that act according to a set of rules to form a unified whole. A system, surrounded and influenced by its environment, is described by its boundaries, structure and purpose and is expressed in its functioning. Systems are the subjects of study of systems theory and other systems sciences.

Systems have several common properties and characteristics, including structure, function(s), behavior and interconnectivity.
Sidi M'Hamed Ou Marzouq
Sidi M'Hamed Ou Marzouq is a small town and rural commune in Essaouira Province of the Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 6,088 people living in 882 households.

2004 Moroccan census
The 2004 Moroccan census, formally the General Population and Housing Census for the year 2004, was held in Morocco in 2004, conducted by the High Planning Commission. The previous census was taken in 1994.
Little Boy Boo
Little Boy Boo is a 1954 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes animated short directed by Robert McKimson. The cartoon was released on June 5, 1954, and features Foghorn Leghorn, Miss Prissy and Egghead Jr.

The cartoon was one of several in the Foghorn Leghorn series utilizing the theme of Foghorn attempting to woo the widowed Miss Prissy by babysitting her gifted son (Egghead, Jr.). The title is a play on the nursery rhyme "Little Boy Blue".

Nursery rhyme
A nursery rhyme is a traditional poem or song for children in Britain and other European countries, but usage of the term dates only from the late 18th/early 19th century. The term Mother Goose rhymes is interchangeable with nursery rhymes.

From the mid-16th century nursery rhymes began to be recorded in English plays, and most popular rhymes date from the 17th and 18th centuries. The first English collections, Tommy Thumb's Song Book and a sequel, Tommy Thumb's Pretty Song Book, were published by Mary Cooper in 1744. Publisher John Newbery's stepson, Thomas Carnan, was the first to use the term Mother Goose for nursery rhymes when he published a compilation of English rhymes, Mother Goose's Melody, or Sonnets for the Cradle (London, 1780).
St. John's Church, Seongnam
St. John's Catholic Church (Korean: 성요한성당), also known as Bundang Church (Korean: 분당성당), is parish of the Roman Catholic Church located in the Bundang district of Seongnam, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. The parish was established January 7, 1993 within the Diocese of Suwon. The church was dedicated to St. John the Apostle on October 3, 2003.

Roman Catholic Diocese of Suwon
The Diocese of Suwon (Lat.: Dioecesis Suvonensis) is a particular church of the Latin Church of the Catholic Church. The seat of the Bishop of Suwon is at Jeongjadong Cathedral in Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.

Pope Paul VI created the episcopal see on October 7, 1963.  The territory had previously been part of the Archdiocese of Seoul, to which Suwon is suffragan.