hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2023 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The 2023 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 129th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board in 1887. The opening-round fixtures were confirmed on 9 September 2023. The championship ran from 23 September to 29 October 2023.

Ballyhale Shamrocks entered the championship as the defending champions in search of a record sixth consecutive title. Danesfort were relegated after just one year of top flight hurling.

The final was played on 29 October 2023 at UPMC Nowlan Park in Kilkenny, between Ballyhale Shamrocks and O'Loughlin Gaels, in what was their fourth meeting in the final overall and a first final meeting in two years. O'Loughlin Gaels won the match by 0-20 to 0-19 to claim their fifth championship title overall and a first title in seven years.

T. J. Reid was the championship's top scorer with 3-30.

Nowlan Park
Nowlan Park (/ˈnoʊlən/; Páirc Uí Nualláin), known for sponsorship reasons as UPMC Nowlan Park, is the principal Gaelic Athletic Association stadium in Kilkenny, Ireland. Named after James Nowlan, the longest serving President of the GAA, the stadium hosts major hurling matches and is home to the Kilkenny hurling team. It opened in 1927, replacing St. James Park.
Belarusian Arabic alphabet
The Belarusian Arabic alphabet or the Belarusian Arabica was based on the Perso-Arabic script and was developed in the 15th or 16th century. It consisted of 28 graphemes, including several additions to represent Belarusian phonemes not found in the Arabic language.

The Belarusian Arabic alphabet was used by the Lipka Tatars, who had been invited to settle in the eastern territories of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania—a region that now comprises modern-day Belarus. During the 14th–16th centuries they gradually stopped using their own language and started using the Ruthenian language (modern Belarusian and Ukrainian) rendered in the Belarusian Arabic alphabet. Books of that literary tradition are known in Belarusian as Kitab (Belarusian: Кітаб), which is Arabic for 'book' or 'written material'.

Some Polish texts were also written in the Arabic script in the 17th century or later.

Phoneme
A phoneme (/ˈfoʊniːm/) is a set of similar speech sounds that are perceptually regarded by the speakers of a language as a single basic sound—a smallest possible phonetic unit—that helps distinguish one word from another. All languages contain phonemes (or the spatial–gestural equivalent in sign languages), and all spoken languages include both consonant and vowel phonemes. Phonemes are studied under phonology, a branch of linguistics (a discipline encompassing language, writing, speech and related matters).

Phonemes are often represented, when written, as a glyph (a character) enclosed within two forward-sloping slashes /. For example, /k/ represents the phoneme or sound used at the beginning of the English-language word cat (as opposed to, say, the /b/ of bat).
2001 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States
The Supreme Court of the United States handed down nine per curiam opinions during its 2001 term, which began October 1, 2001, and concluded October 6, 2002.

Because per curiam decisions are issued from the Court as an institution, these opinions all lack the attribution of authorship or joining votes to specific justices. All justices on the Court at the time the decision was handed down are assumed to have participated and concurred unless otherwise noted.

Per curiam decision
In law, a per curiam decision or opinion (sometimes called an unsigned opinion) is one that is not authored by or attributed to a specific judge, but rather ascribed to the entire court or panel of judges who heard the case. The term per curiam is Latin for 'by the court'.
2004 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas
The 2004 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas occurred on November 2, 2004, to elect the members of the state of Texas's delegation to the United States House of Representatives. Texas had thirty-two seats in the House, apportioned according to the 2000 United States census.

These elections occurred simultaneously with the United States Senate elections of 2004, the United States House elections in other states, and various state and local elections.

Republicans gained a majority of the congressional seats for the first time since 1870. They gained five of Texas's House seats due to a midterm redistricting in 2003. However some of the districts created following this election would later be changed. The Twenty-third district would be declared an unconstitutional racially gerrymandered district by the Supreme Court in League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry in 2006. Thus it and neighboring districts would be redrawn.

Texas's 9th congressional district
Texas's 9th congressional district of the United States House of Representatives includes the southwestern portion of the Greater Houston area in Texas. The current Representative for the district, since 2005, is Democrat Al Green.

From 1967 to 2005, the 9th covered an area stretching from Galveston through Houston to Beaumont. Much of that area is now the 2nd district. Most of the area now in the 9th was in the 25th district from 1983 to 2005.
Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital
Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital (Thai: โรงพยาบาลเชียงรายประชานุเคราะห์; RTGS: Chiang Rai Prachanukhro; Thai pronunciation: [t͡ɕʰiaŋ raːj prà.t͡ɕʰaː.nú.kʰrɔ́ʔ]) is the main hospital of Chiang Rai Province, Thailand, and is classified under the Ministry of Public Health as a regional hospital. It has a CPIRD Medical Education Center which trains doctors of the Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University.

Ministry of Public Health (Thailand)
The Ministry of Public Health (MOPH; Thai: กระทรวงสาธารณสุข, RTGS: Krasuang Satharanasuk) is a Thai governmental body responsible for the oversight of public health in Thailand. It is commonly referred to in Thailand by its abbreviation so tho (สธ.).

The headquarters of the ministry is located in Mueang Nonthaburi, Nonthaburi, and served by Ministry of Public Health MRT station on the MRT Purple Line.
Monochrome for Austin
Monochrome for Austin is an outdoor sculpture by Nancy Rubins, installed outside the Hackerman Building on the University of Texas at Austin campus, in the U.S. state of Texas. The 50-foot-tall (15 m) work was installed in 2015 as part of the university's Landmarks public art program.

Nancy Rubins
Nancy Rubins (born 1952) is an American sculptor and installation artist.  Her sculptural works are primarily composed of blooming arrangements of large rigid objects such as televisions, small appliances,  camping and construction trailers,  hot water heaters, mattresses, airplane parts, rowboats, kayaks, canoes, surfboards, and other objects. Works such as Big Edge at CityCenter in Las Vegas contain over 200 boat vessels. Stainless Steel, Aluminum, Monochrome I, Built to Live Anywhere, at Home Here, at the Albright-Knox Art Gallery in Buffalo, contains 66 used aluminum boats and rises to a height of 30 ft.
Product naming convention
A product naming convention is a process of product or good description or titling.  Consistent use of alphanumeric characters and separating devices defines a naming convention.  The naming convention will create an identifier for that version or model of product or goods.

The use of UPC codes may come to replace the need for such naming conventions as bar code readers become common. Speakable product name codes or strict names are still needed for marketing and customer service aspects.  A properly identified product can lead to sales and properly targeted support.

Naming can be separated by a shift of characters.  Heritage concepts like character segments are common.

Convention (norm)
A convention  influences a set of agreed, stipulated, or generally accepted standards, social norms, or other criteria, often taking the form of a custom.

In physical sciences, numerical values (such as constants, quantities, or scales of measurement) are called conventional if they do not represent a measured property of nature, but originate in a convention, for example an average of many measurements, agreed between the scientists working with these values.
2010 Aircel Chennai Open – Doubles
Eric Butorac and Rajeev Ram were the defending champions, but lost in the first round to Yves Allegro and Stanislas Wawrinka.

In the final, Marcel Granollers and Santiago Ventura defeated Lu Yen-hsun and Janko Tipsarević, 7–5, 6–2.

Janko Tipsarević
Janko Tipsarević (Serbian Cyrillic: Ћацко Типсаревић, pronounced [jâːŋko tipsǎːreʋitɕ]; born 22 June 1984) is a Serbian tennis coach and former professional player. He is also a politician, serving as a member of the City Assembly of Belgrade since 21 June 2024. He is also a member of the populist Serbian Progressive Party (SNS).

In tennis, his career-high singles ranking is world No. 8, achieved on 2 April 2012. In his career, he  won 4 ATP World Tour titles, one ATP doubles title, three Futures, and 15 Challenger titles. Tipsarević also won the 2001 Australian Open junior title. He holds notable victories over former world No. 1 players Carlos Moyá, Marat Safin, Lleyton Hewitt, Juan Carlos Ferrero, Andy Roddick, his compatriot Novak Djokovic, and Andy Murray. His best results at a Grand Slam tournament were reaching the quarterfinals at the US Open in 2011 and 2012.
Battle of Gemauerthof
The Battle of Gemauerthof took place during the Great Northern War, fought south of Riga near Jelgava, in present-day Latvia in July 1705. The Swedish forces under Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt fought a Russian army under Boris Sheremetev. The Swedes were victorious, but the victory was only symbolic. In August, the Russians conquered Courland.

Courland
Courland is one of the Historical Latvian Lands in western Latvia. Courland's largest city is Liepāja, which is the third largest city in Latvia.

The literal meaning of the name is "Land of Curonians".
Acanthophysellum
Acanthophysellum is a genus of fungus belonging to the family Stereaceae.

The genus was first described by Erast Parmasto in 1967.

The species of this genus are found in Eurasia and Northern America.

Species:

Acanthophysellum bertii (Lloyd) Sheng H.Wu, Boidin & C.Y.Chien

Acanthophysellum lividocoeruleum (P.Karst.) Parmasto

Northern America
Northern America is the northernmost subregion of North America, as well as the northernmost region in the Americas. The boundaries may be drawn significantly differently depending on the source of the definition. In one definition, it lies directly north of Middle America. Northern America's land frontier with the rest of North America then coincides with the Mexico–United States border. Geopolitically, according to the United Nations' scheme of geographical regions and subregions, Northern America consists of Bermuda, Canada, Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon and the United States (the contiguous United States and Alaska only, excluding Hawaii, Navassa Island, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, and other minor U.S. Pacific territories).
1972–73 Serie A (basketball)
The 1972–73 Serie A basketball championship was the 50th season of the Serie A, the highest professional basketball league in Italy.

The regular season ran from 22 October 1972 to 22 April 1973, an expanded league saw fourteen teams play 26 games each. As Ignis Varese and Simmenthal Milano ended joint first with an equal head-to-head record, a single playoff game decided the title for the third year running.
Varese won the game, played in Bologna, to reclaim the title from Milano, earning their sixth overall title (and a spot in the European Champions Cup).

Bob Morse
Robert Duncan Morse (born January 4, 1951) is an American former professional basketball player. He was named one of FIBA's 50 Greatest Players in 1991. In 2008, Morse was chosen as one of the 50 most influential personalities in European club basketball, over the previous half-century. He was inducted into the Italian Basketball Hall of Fame in 2023.
1945–46 Irish Cup
The 1945–46 Irish Cup was the 66th edition of the Irish Cup, the premier knock-out cup competition in Northern Irish football.

Linfield won the tournament for the 23rd time and the 2nd consecutive year, defeating Distillery 3–0 in the final at Celtic Park.

People of Northern Ireland
People from Northern Ireland are those born in Northern Ireland who, at the time of their birth, have at least one parent who is a British citizen, an Irish citizen, or otherwise entitled to reside in Northern Ireland indefinitely under the Belfast Agreement.

Most Northern Irish people either identify as British, Northern Irish, Irish, or a combination thereof. The 20th century conflict known as The Troubles, which ended in effect in 1999, was primarily caused by tensions between people who had these different identites, and their connections to religion (Anglican protestants and Catholics).
Jake Strachan
Jake Strachan (born 25 December 1996 in Australia) is an Australian rugby union player who plays for Southland in the National Provincial Championship.

His original playing position is fly-half or fullback.

He previously played for Force in Global Rapid Rugby and the Super Rugby AU competition, and for the Rebels in Super Rugby Pacific in 2024.

He was named in the Force squad for the Global Rapid Rugby competition in 2020.

After the 2024 Super Rugby season, he joined Southland for the NPC 2024 season.

Melbourne Rebels
The Melbourne Rebels were an Australian professional rugby union team based in Melbourne, Victoria that competed in the Super Rugby competition. The Rebels made their debut in SANZAR's Super Rugby tournament in 2011. The club shared its name with a former Australian Rugby Championship (ARC) team, but was unrelated. The team played its home matches at the Melbourne Rectangular Stadium, in the city's Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Precinct, and played one game of the 2020 Super Rugby season at Eureka Stadium in Ballarat.

The team's participation agreement was revoked by Rugby Australia (RA) at the conclusion of the 2024 Super Rugby Pacific season. The women's team was also disbanded by Rugby Australia.
1985 Pilot Pen Classic – Doubles
Bernard Mitton and Butch Walts were the defending champions but only Walts competed that year with Gary Donnelly.

Donnelly and Walts lost in the second round to Jan Gunnarsson and Michael Mortensen.

Heinz Günthardt and Balázs Taróczy won in the final 3–6, 7–6, 6–3 against Ken Flach and Robert Seguso.

Michael Mortensen
Michael Mortensen (born 12 March 1961) is a former professional tennis player from Denmark.

Mortensen achieved a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 34 in 1988 and a career-high singles ranking of world No. 301 in 1984. He won five ATP doubles titles.

Mortensen participated in 22 Davis Cup ties for Denmark from 1979 to 1990, posting an 11–13 record in doubles and a 12–14 record in singles.

Mortensen later became a coach. He was the captain of the Denmark Fed Cup team in 2011 competing for 2011 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I. Among players he coached was the WTA top-5 player and Chinese No. 1 Li Na, who won the 2011 French Open Women's Singles title under Mortensen.
Panicudine
Panicudine (6-hydroxy-11-deoxy-13-dehydrohetisane) is a C20-diterpene alkaloid of the hetisine type, first isolated from monkshood.  It has empirical formula C20H25NO3 and a melting point of 249–250 °C.  The structure was determined to be a hetisine type diterpene by noting infrared spectrum absorption bands of 3405 cm−1 (OH), 1718 (C=O), and 1650 (C=C), a proton magnetic resonance spectrum with "secondary hydroxy (4.02 ppm, m, 1H, W1/2 = 10 Hz), exomethylene (4.87 and 4.76 ppm, br.s, 1H each), and tertiary methyl (1.29 ppm, s, 3H) groups and the absence of N-methyl, N-ethyl, and methoxy groups."  Additional ultraviolet spectrum and carbon-13 NMR data, confirmed by high resolution mass spectrometry, completed the determination of the structure.

Panicudine was identified as an active antimicrobial substance in the chloroform extract of Polygonum aviculare, a traditional herbal medicine of the Mediterranean coastal region.  It has also been isolated from the herb Rumex pictus.

Methoxy group
In organic chemistry, a methoxy group is the functional group consisting of a methyl group bound to oxygen. This alkoxy group has the formula R−O−CH3.

On a benzene ring, the Hammett equation classifies a methoxy substituent at the para position as an electron-donating group, but as an electron-withdrawing group if at the meta position. At the ortho position, steric effects are likely to cause a significant alteration in the Hammett equation prediction, which otherwise follows the same trend as that of the para position.
Toryne
Toryne (Ancient Greek: Τορύνη), also known as Torone (Τορώνη), was a city of ancient Thesprotia in ancient Epirus. The fleet of Augustus was moored off Toryne a short time before the Battle of Actium, and seems from the order of the names in Ptolemy to have stood in one of the bays between the mouth of the river Thyamis and Sybota. It was located on the Ionian Sea coast, and its site is tentatively placed near present Parga.

In Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra Toryne is personally taken over by Caesar shortly after his being in Rome, showing an almost mystical speed. "Toryne" meant "ladle" in Ancient Greek, and in Plutarch's Life of Antony, Cleopatra puns upon this. In Victor Hugo's novel of the 1832 June Rebellion, Les Misérables, a character says: "Cleopatra’s pun preceded the battle of Actium, and that had it not been for it, no one would have remembered the city of Toryne".

Ionian Sea
The Ionian Sea is an elongated bay of the Mediterranean Sea. It is connected to the Adriatic Sea to the north, and is bounded by Southern Italy, including Basilicata, Calabria, Sicily, and the Salento peninsula to the west, southern Albania (and western Apulia, Italy) to the north, and the west coast of Greece, including the Peloponnese.

All major islands in the sea, which are located in the east of the sea, belong to Greece. They are collectively named the Ionian Islands, the main ones being Corfu, Kefalonia, Zakynthos, Lefkada, and Ithaca.

There are ferry routes between Patras and Igoumenitsa, Greece, and Brindisi and Ancona, Italy, that cross the east and north of the Ionian Sea, and from Piraeus westward. Calypso Deep, the deepest point in the Mediterranean at 5,109 m (16,762 ft), is in the Ionian Sea, at 36°34′N 21°8′E﻿ / ﻿36.567°N 21.133°E﻿ / 36.567; 21.133. The sea is one of the most seismically active areas in the world.
Carpomys phaeurus
The White-bellied Luzon tree rat (Carpomys phaeurus) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in the Philippines, in the northern Luzon island. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests, in the Cordillera Central mountains. It has been found at elevations between 2,100 metres (6,900 ft) to 2,500 metres (8,200 ft), but likely occurs down to 1,600 metres (5,200 ft).

Muridae
The Muridae, or murids, are either the largest or second-largest family of rodents and of mammals, containing approximately 870 species, including many species of mice, rats, and gerbils found naturally throughout Eurasia, Africa, and Australia.

The name Muridae comes from the Latin mus (genitive muris), meaning "mouse", since all true mice belong to the family, with the more typical mice belonging to the genus Mus.
Kavaklıpınar
Kavaklıpınar is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Toroslar, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 248 (2022). It is situated in the Toros Mountains. The distance to Mersin city center is 48 kilometres (30 mi).

Mersin Province
Mersin Province (Turkish: Mersin ili), formerly İçel Province (İçel ili), is a province and metropolitan municipality in southern Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast between Antalya and Adana. Its area is 16,010 km2, and its population is 1,916,432 (2022). The provincial capital and the biggest city in the province is Mersin, which is composed of four municipalities and district governorates: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir. Next largest is Tarsus, the birthplace of Paul the Apostle. The province is considered to be a part of the geographical, economical and cultural region of Çukurova, which covers the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay.
Rubicon (novel)
Rubicon is a historical novel by American author Steven Saylor, first published by St. Martin's Press in 1999. It is the seventh book in his Roma Sub Rosa series of mystery stories set in the final decades of the Roman Republic. The main character is the Roman sleuth Gordianus the Finder.

Marcus Tullius Tiro
Marcus Tullius Tiro (73 – 4 BC) was first a slave, then a freedman, of Cicero from whom he received his nomen and praenomen. He is frequently mentioned in Cicero's letters. After Cicero's death Tiro published his former master's collected works of letters and speeches. He also wrote a considerable number of books himself, and is thought to have invented an early form of shorthand.
Ōishi Yoshio
Ōishi Yoshio  (大石 良雄; 24 April 1659 – 20 March 1703) was the chamberlain (karō) of the Akō Domain in Harima Province (now Hyōgo Prefecture), Japan (1679 - 1701). He is known as the leader of the Forty-seven Rōnin in their 1703 vendetta and thus the hero of the Chūshingura. He is often referred to by his pseudonym (kemyō), Ōishi Kuranosuke (大石内蔵助; Japanese pronunciation: [oꜜː.i.ɕi̥ kɯ.ɾa.no.sɯ̥.ke]).

Akō Domain
Akō Domain (赤穂藩, Akō-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Harima Province in what is now the southwestern portion of modern-day Hyōgo Prefecture. It was centered around Akō Castle, which is located in what is now the city of Akō, Hyōgo.
5th Territorial Defence Battalion 'Prykarpattya'
The 5th Territorial Defence Battalion "Prykarpattya" is a former unit of Ukrainian Ground Forces. It was formed in 2014 from volunteers of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (Prykarpattya region), and was subordinated to the Ministry of Defence. The battalion was disbanded in January 2015.

Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (Ukrainian: Івано-Франківська область, romanized: Ivano-Frankivska oblast), also referred to as Ivano-Frankivshchyna (Івано-Франківщина) or simply Frankivshchyna, is an oblast (region) in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Ivano-Frankivsk. It has a population of 1,351,822 (2022 estimate).

The area, also known as Prykarpattia, was part of the historical region of Galicia, where the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia flourished. After World War I, the area became part of the Second Polish Republic and was administered as part of Stanisławów Voivodeship until the invasion of Poland. The area was annexed by the Soviet Union and was known as Stanislav Oblast until 1962, when its administrative center was renamed after the Ukrainian writer Ivan Franko. Kolomyia was a historical center of the oblast and remains a major cultural center of Pokuttia, the traditional name for the southern part of the oblast.
Fouchy
Fouchy (French pronunciation: [fuʃi] ⓘ; German: Grube im Weilertal) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.

It shares its latitude with the southern suburbs of Paris being located in the south-western corner of the department.

Saint Faith
Saint Faith, Saint Faith of Conques or Saint Faith of Agen (Latin: Sancta Fides; French: Sainte Foy; Spanish: Santa Fe) is a saint who is said to have been a girl or young woman of Agen in Aquitaine. Her legend recounts how she was arrested during persecution of Christians by the Roman Empire and refused to make pagan sacrifices. Saint Faith was tortured to death with a red-hot brazier. Her death is sometimes said to have occurred in the year 287 or 290, sometimes in the large-scale Diocletianic Persecution beginning in 303. She is listed as "Sancta Fides, Virgin and martyr", in the martyrologies.

The center of her cult was transferred to the Abbey of Sainte-Foy, Conques, where her relics arrived in the ninth century, stolen from Agen by a monk from the Abbey nearby at Conques.