hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
MPEG Common Encryption
MPEG Common Encryption (abbreviated MPEG-CENC) refers to a set of two MPEG standards governing different container formats:

for ISOBMFF, Common encryption in ISO base media file format files (ISO/IEC 23001-7:2016)

for MPEG-TS, Common encryption of MPEG-2 transport streams (ISO/IEC 23001-9:2016)

The specifications are compatible, so that conversion between the encrypted formats can happen without re-encryption.
They define metadata, specific to each format, about which parts of the stream are encrypted and by which encryption scheme. Each encryption scheme may have different methods to retrieve the decryption key.

Container format
A container format (informally, sometimes called a wrapper) or metafile is a file format that allows multiple data streams to be embedded into a single file, usually along with metadata for identifying and further detailing those streams.  Notable examples of container formats include archive files (such as the ZIP format) and formats used for multimedia playback (such as Matroska, MP4, and AVI). Among the earliest cross-platform container formats were Distinguished Encoding Rules and the 1985 Interchange File Format.
Juan Cuyami
Juan 'Jon' Remigio Cuyami Vaz (born 17 December 1972) is a former footballer who played as a forward. Born and raised in Spain to Equatorial Guinean Fang parents, he capped for the Equatorial Guinea national team.

Fang people
The Fang people, also known as Fãn or Pahouin, are a Bantu ethnic group found in Equatorial Guinea, northern Gabon, and southern Cameroon. Representing about 85% of the total population of Equatorial Guinea, concentrated in the Río Muni region, the Fang people are its largest ethnic group. The Fang are also the largest ethnic group in Gabon, making up about a quarter of the population.
Olander
Olander or Ölander is a Swedish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arne Ölander (1902–1984), Swedish chemist

Cliff Olander (born 1955), American football player

Emelie Ölander (born 1989), Swedish international female football player

Jere Ölander (born 1989), Finnish professional ice hockey defender

Jim Olander (born 1963), American Major League Baseball player

Jimmy Olander (born 1961), American guitarist and banjo player for the American band Diamond Rio

Joan Lucille Olander (born 1931), birthname of American film actress Mamie Van Doren

Mårten Olander (born 1971), Swedish professional golfer

Mikael Olander (born 1963), Swedish decathlete and former Olympic competitor

Milton Olander, (1899–1961), American football player and coach

Rolf Olander (1934–2023), Swedish Olympic swimmer

Ronny Olander (born 1949), Swedish politician

Tom Ölander (1954–2002), Finnish pioneer in fandom culture

Victor Olander (1873–1949), American labor union leader

Jere Ölander
Jere Ölander (born 2 October 1989 in Helsinki, Finland) is a professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing for Viikingit in the Finnish II-divisioona. He previously played fourteen games for Jokerit in SM-liiga.
Philotheca myoporoides subsp. myoporoides
Philotheca myoporoides subsp. myoporoides, commonly known as long-leaf wax flower, is a subspecies of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae and is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It is a shrub with oblong to elliptic or egg-shaped leaves and white or pink flowers arranged in groups of three to eight in leaf axils.

Rutaceae
The Rutaceae (/ruːˈteɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/) is a family, commonly known as the rue or citrus family, of flowering plants, usually placed in the order Sapindales.

Species of the family generally have flowers that divide into four or five parts, usually with strong scents. They range in form and size from herbs to shrubs and large trees.

The most economically important genus in the family is Citrus, which includes the orange (C. × sinensis), lemon (C. × limon), grapefruit (C. × paradisi), and lime (various). Boronia is a large Australian genus, some members of which are plants with highly fragrant flowers and are used in commercial oil production. Other large genera include Zanthoxylum, several species of which are cultivated for Sichuan pepper, Melicope, and Agathosma. The family Rutaceae contains about 160 genera.
Honpō-ji
Honpō-ji (本法寺) is the name of several Buddhist temples in Japan:

Honpō-ji (Nakajima) in Nakajima, Fukushima

Honpō-ji (Sumida) in Sumida, Tokyo

Honpō-ji (Bunkyō) in Bunkyō, Tokyo

Honpō-ji (Taitō) in Taitō, Tokyo

Honpō-ji (Toyama) in Toyama, Toyama

Honpō-ji (Kyoto) in Kyoto, Kyoto

Taitō
Taitō (台東区, Taitō-ku) is a special ward in the Tokyo Metropolis in Japan. In English, it is known as Taitō City.

As of May 1, 2015, the ward has an estimated population of 186,276, and a population density of 18,420 persons per km2. The total area is 10.11 square kilometres (3.90 sq mi). This makes Taito ward the smallest of Tokyo's wards in area, and third-smallest in population.
Timothy Hodge
Timothy Hodge OAM  (born 31 January 2001) is an Australian Paralympic swimmer. He has represented Australia at the 2016, 2020, and 2024 Summer Paralympics, where he won two gold, three silver and one bronze medals.

Para swimming
Para swimming is an adaptation of the sport of swimming for athletes with disabilities. Para swimmers compete at the Summer Paralympic Games and at other sports competitions throughout the world. The sport is governed by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC). Both men and women compete in para swimming, racing against competitors of their own gender.
Hirudin
Hirudin is a naturally occurring peptide in the salivary glands of blood-sucking leeches (such as Hirudo medicinalis) that has a blood anticoagulant property. This is essential for the leeches' habit of feeding on blood, since it keeps a host's blood flowing after the worm's initial puncture of the skin.

Hirudin (MEROPS I14.001) belongs to a superfamily (MEROPS IM) of protease inhibitors that also includes haemadin (MEROPS I14.002) and antistasin (MEROPS I15).

Phlebotomy
Phlebotomy is the process of making a puncture in a vein, usually in the arm or hand, with a cannula for the purpose of drawing blood. The procedure itself is known as a venipuncture, which is also used for intravenous therapy. A person who performs a phlebotomy is called a phlebotomist, although most doctors, nurses, and other technicians can also carry out a phlebotomy. In contrast, phlebectomy is the removal of a vein.

Phlebotomies that are carried out in the treatment of some blood disorders are known as therapeutic phlebotomies. The average volume of whole blood drawn in a therapeutic phlebotomy to an adult is 1 unit (450–500 ml) weekly to once every several months, as needed.
Jordan Szwarz
Jordan Szwarz (born May 14, 1991) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing with Adler Mannheim in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL). Szwarz was selected by the Phoenix Coyotes in the fourth round (97th overall) of the 2009 NHL Entry Draft. He later joined the Boston Bruins organization, before joining the Ottawa Senators as a free agent in July 2019.

Adler Mannheim
The Adler Mannheim (English: Mannheim Eagles, formerly Mannheimer ERC) is a professional ice hockey team of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga, the highest-level ice hockey league in Germany. The team is based in Mannheim, a city in the northern part of Baden-Württemberg. Currently, the team plays at SAP Arena, where they moved to at the beginning of the 2005–06 season after having played at Eisstadion am Friedrichspark for nearly seven decades from 1938 through 2005. They have won the German Championship a total of eight times, seven of those coming after 1994 in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga.
PZL-104 Wilga
PZL-104 Wilga (golden oriole) is a Polish short-takeoff-and-landing (STOL) civil aviation utility aircraft designed and originally manufactured by PZL Warszawa-Okęcie, and later by European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company (EADS), who had acquired the original manufacturer during 2001.

First flown on 24 April 1962 and entering service during the following year, the Wilga has evolved through many ever-improving versions during its continuous production from 1962 to 2006. The type was largely used by civil operators; those military air services that did fly the type typically used it as a trainer and liaison aircraft. In excess of 1,000 aircraft were produced prior to European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company (EADS) announcing on their website that production of the Wilga would cease in 2006.

Eurasian golden oriole
The Eurasian golden oriole (Oriolus oriolus), also known as the common golden oriole, is a species of passerine bird and the only Old World oriole breeding in Northern Hemisphere temperate regions. It is a summer migrant in Europe and the Palearctic and spends the winter season in central and southern Africa.
Otto von Littrow
Otto von Littrow (14 February 1843, Vienna  – 7 November 1864, Vienna) was an Austrian astronomer and physicist. He is known for his contributions in spectrometer instrumentation.

Son of astronomer Karl L. Littrow and women's movement leader Auguste von Littrow, grandson of astronomer Joseph Johann von Littrow, both his father and grandfather were directors of the Vienna Observatory. He studied with Hermann von Helmholtz and Gustav Kirchhoff at the Heidelberg University, and completes his doctorate degree in 1864. He was, as Constantin von Wurzbach puts it, "Destined for a scientific career by talent, birth and upbringing". He died from typhoid fever in Vienna in 1864.

Gustav Kirchhoff
Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (German: [ˈgʊstaːf ˈʁoːbɛʁt ˈkɪʁçhɔf]; 12 March 1824 – 17 October 1887) was a German physicist and mathematician who contributed to the fundamental understanding of electrical circuits, spectroscopy, and the emission of black-body radiation by heated objects. He coined the term black body in 1860.

Several different sets of concepts are named "Kirchhoff's laws" after him, which include Kirchhoff's circuit laws, Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation, Kirchhoff's diffraction formula, and Kirchhoff's law of thermochemistry.

The Bunsen–Kirchhoff Award for spectroscopy is named after Kirchhoff and his colleague, Robert Bunsen.
Eelam War
"Eelam War" is the name given to several phases of the armed conflict between the government of Sri Lanka and the LTTE:

Sri Lankan civil war, between 1983 and 2009

Eelam War I, between 1983 and 1987

Eelam War II, between 1990 and 1995

Eelam War III, between 1995 and 2002

Eelam War IV, between 2006 and 2009

Eelam War III
Eelam War III is the name given to the third phase of armed conflict between the Sri Lankan military and the separatist Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE).

After the period of 100 days cease-fire the hostilities broke out on 19 April 1995. The LTTE - Sea Tigers planted explosives in two gun boats known as SLNS 'Sooraya' and 'Ranasuru', and blew them up.

Also, a new weapon "Stinger", a shoulder-launched anti-aircraft missile was used in this conflict by the LTTE. This was used to take down two Sri Lankan Air Force AVRO aircraft flying over the Jaffna peninsula.

Eelam War III also marked the rising success of the LTTE, as they managed to capture key districts such as Kilinochchi and Mullaitivu, and took over the Elephant Pass base. With the path clear towards the Muhumalai and Nagarkovil FDLs, the LTTE launched Operation Unceasing Waves IV in efforts to capture the Jaffna peninsula.

By the end of Eelam War III, the LTTE had control of nearly 30% of the entire island.
2015 Australian Swimming Championships
The 2015 Australian Swimming Championships were held from 3 to 10 April 2015 at the Sydney Olympic Park Aquatic Centre in Sydney, New South Wales. They doubled up as the national trials for the 2015 World Aquatics Championships in Kazan, Russia, the 2015 Summer Universiade, held in Gwangju, South Korea, the 2015 IPC Swimming World Championships, held in Glasgow, Scotland and the 2015 FINA World Junior Swimming Championships, held in Singapore.

Sydney Olympic Park Aquatic Centre
The Sydney Olympic Park Aquatic Centre (SOPAC), formerly Sydney International Aquatic Centre (SIAC), is a swimming venue located in the Sydney Olympic Park in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Built in 1994, the SOPAC was a major venue for the 2000 Summer Olympics as it hosted the swimming, diving, synchronized swimming, the medal events for water polo, and the swimming portion of the modern pentathlon competitions. The SOPAC has since been a host venue for numerous schools and swimming associations around New South Wales. Currently, it has most notably been the venue for the annual CAS Swimming Championships. It is also scheduled to be the site of the 2022 Duel in the Pool. The SOPAC also includes a swim shop at the entry of the arena, a play area, a health club and operates swimming classes for all ages.

The arena currently holds 10,000 people. Capacity was boosted to 17,000 during the 2000 Summer Olympics.
Vowel reduction in Russian
In the pronunciation of the Russian language, several ways of vowel reduction (and its absence) are distinguished between the standard language and dialects. Russian orthography most often does not reflect vowel reduction, which can confuse foreign-language learners, but some spelling reforms have changed some words.

There are five vowel phonemes in Standard Russian. Vowels tend to merge when they are unstressed. The vowels /a/ and /o/ have the same unstressed allophones for a number of dialects and reduce to an unclear schwa /ə/. Unstressed /e/ may become more central and merge with /i/. Under some circumstances, /a/, /e/, /i/ and /o/ may all merge. The fifth vowel, /u/, may also be centralized but does not typically merge with any of the other vowels.

Other types of reduction are phonetic, such as that of the high vowels (/i/ and /u/), which become near-close. Thus, игра́ть ('to play') is pronounced [ɪˈɡratʲ]ⓘ , and узна́ть ('to recognize') is pronounced [ʊzˈnatʲ]ⓘ.

Vowel reduction
In phonetics, vowel reduction is any of various changes in the acoustic quality of vowels as a result of changes in stress, sonority, duration, loudness, articulation, or position in the word (e.g. for the Muscogee language), and which are perceived as "weakening". It most often makes the vowels shorter as well.

Vowels which have undergone vowel reduction may be called reduced or weak. In contrast, an unreduced vowel may be described as full or strong. The prototypical reduced vowel in English is schwa. In Australian English, that is the only reduced vowel, though other dialects have additional ones.
James Glanz
James Glanz is an American journalist who was appointed as Baghdad bureau chief of The New York Times in 2007.

Glanz joined the Times in 1999. Articles he wrote with Eric Lipton and others on the World Trade Center were chosen as a finalist for a Pulitzer Prize in explanatory journalism in 2002. Articles Lipton and Glanz wrote were also a part of the Nation Challenged package that won a Pulitzer for Public Service in 2002. He received three Gerald Loeb Awards – the 2020 Breaking News award for "Crash in Ethiopia," and two consecutive Visual Storytelling awards, first in 2021 for "Visualizing the Pandemic Economy" and again in 2022 for "Why the Mexico City Metro Collapsed".

Glanz has a Ph.D. in astrophysical sciences from Princeton University.

Pulitzer Prize for Public Service
The Pulitzer Prize for Public Service is one of the fourteen American Pulitzer Prizes annually awarded for journalism. It recognizes a distinguished example of meritorious public service by a newspaper or news site through the use of its journalistic resources, which may include editorials, cartoons, photographs, graphics, video and other online material, and may be presented in print or online or both.

The Public Service prize was one of the original Pulitzers, established in 1917, but no award was given that year. It is the only prize in the program that awards a gold medal and is the most prestigious one for a newspaper to win.

As with other Pulitzer Prizes, a committee of jurors narrows the field to three nominees, from which the Pulitzer Board generally picks a winner and finalists. Finalists have been made public since 1980. The Pulitzer Board issues an official citation explaining the reason for the award.
Bridle Gossip
"Bridle Gossip" is the ninth episode of the first season of the animated television series My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic. The episode was written by Amy Keating Rogers and directed by James Wootton. In this episode, the residents of Ponyville become fearful and suspicious when Zecora, a zebra from the Everfree Forest, arrives in town. When the main characters suffer from various magical afflictions after an encounter in the forest, they initially blame Zecora before learning the true cause and the dangers of prejudice and jumping to conclusions.

Applejack (My Little Pony)
Applejack is a fictional character who appears in the fourth incarnation of Hasbro's My Little Pony toyline and media franchise, beginning with My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (2010–2019). She is a close friend of Twilight Sparkle, serving as a core member of the group of main characters collectively known as the Mane Six. She is voiced by Ashleigh Ball, who also voices Rainbow Dash.

Applejack is depicted as a hard-working, reliable, and honest anthropomorphic earth pony with a talent for apple farming and rodeo skills. She works on her family farm, Sweet Apple Acres, in Ponyville where she lives with her grandmother Granny Smith, older brother Big MacIntosh, and younger sister Apple Bloom. Applejack represents the Element of Honesty in the Elements of Harmony. She is characterized by her Southern accent, apple-themed cutie mark, and signature cowboy hat, which she rarely removes.
Odd Frantzen
Odd Frantzen (20 January 1913 – 2 October 1977) was a Norwegian football outside right player from Bergen who played for SK Hardy. He was capped 20 times for Norway, and scored five international goals. He was a member of Norway's 1936 Summer Olympics bronze medal team, beating Germany 2-0 in the quarter-finals, and played in the 1938 World Cup. Norway their first match to Italy in the round 16 (2-1), and Italy would go on to win the cup.

Frantzen was kicked to death by an intruder to his home on 2 October 1977. A 25-year-old man was convicted of manslaughter for the incident, with a 24-year old female accomplice (they received 5 and 1 years prison time, respectively). The goal of the intrusion was to acquire alcohol.

Frantzen married Betty Blindheim on 26 July 1941; they separated in 1965. Frantzen had at least two granddaughters, Joy Frantzen and Linn Therese Solend Otterbu .

1938 FIFA World Cup
The 1938 FIFA World Cup was the 3rd edition of the World Cup, the quadrennial international football championship for senior men's national teams. It was held in France from 4 to 19 June 1938. Italy defended its title in the final, beating Hungary 4–2. Italy's 1934 and 1938 teams hold the distinction of being the only men's national team to win the World Cup multiple times under the same coach, Vittorio Pozzo. It would be the last World Cup until 1950 as the 1942 and 1946 World Cups were cancelled due to World War II.
Beef Stroganoff
Beef Stroganoff, also spelled beef Stroganov, is a Russian dish of sautéed pieces of beef in a sauce of mustard and smetana (heavy sour cream). It is named after one of the members of the Stroganov family. Since its appearance in the 19th century, it has become popular around the world, with considerable variation from the original recipe. Mushrooms are common in many variants.

Sautéing
Sautéing or sauteing (UK: /ˈsoʊteɪ.ɪŋ/, US: /soʊˈteɪ.ɪŋ, sɔː-/; from French  sauté [sote] 'jumped, bounced', in reference to tossing while cooking) is a method of cooking that uses a relatively small amount of oil or fat in a shallow pan over relatively high heat. Various sauté methods exist.
Barry Lam
Lin Pai‑li (Chinese: 林百里; pinyin: Lín Bǎilǐ; Cantonese Yale: Lam4 Baak3 Lei5; born 24 April 1949), also known by his English name Barry Lam, is a Taiwanese billionaire business executive who is the founder and chairman of Quanta Computer. In 2021, the Bloomberg Billionaires Index estimated his net worth at $5.98 billion.

Yale romanization of Cantonese
The Yale romanization of Cantonese was developed by Yale scholar Gerard P. Kok for his and Parker Po-fei Huang's textbook Speak Cantonese initially circulated in looseleaf form in 1952 but later published in 1958. Unlike the Yale romanization of Mandarin, it is still widely used in books and dictionaries, especially for foreign learners of Cantonese. It shares some similarities with Hanyu Pinyin in that unvoiced, unaspirated consonants are represented by letters traditionally used in English and most other European languages to represent voiced sounds. For example, [p] is represented as b in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, [pʰ] is represented as p. Students attending the Chinese University of Hong Kong's New-Asia Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center are taught using Yale romanization.

Some enthusiasts employ Yale romanisation to explore writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language.
Alexander of Bergamo
Alexander of Bergamo (died c. 303) is the patron saint of Bergamo, as well as Capriate San Gervasio and Cervignano d'Adda. Alexander may have been a Roman soldier or resident of Bergamo who was tortured and killed for not renouncing his Christian faith. Details of his life are uncertain, but subsequent Christian stories consider him a centurion of the Theban Legion commanded by Maurice.

Fara Gera d'Adda
Fara Gera d'Adda is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Bergamo.

Fara Gera d'Adda borders the following municipalities: Canonica d'Adda, Cassano d'Adda, Pontirolo Nuovo, Treviglio, Vaprio d'Adda.
Mamre Institute
The Mamre Institute (Hebrew: מכון ממרא) is an Israeli research institute whose aim is to provide accessible and accurate texts for the Hebrew Bible, Mishnah, Tosefta, Babylonian Talmud, Jerusalem Talmud, Mishneh Torah and Targum Onkelos.

The institute was named after the Book of Genesis' mention of Mamre. The Talmidey Chachamim who operate the institute are the disciples of Rabbi Yosef Kapach. The institute is located in the Givat Shaul neighborhood of West Jerusalem.

Givat Shaul
Givat Shaul (Hebrew: גבעת שאול, lit. (Saul's Hill); Arabic: چڤعات شاؤول) is a neighborhood in West Jerusalem. The neighborhood is located at the western entrance to the city, east of the neighborhood of Har Nof and north of Kiryat Moshe. Givat Shaul stands 820 meters above sea level.
Beliehouma
Beliehouma is a village in the Nzérékoré Prefecture in the Nzérékoré Region of south-eastern Guinea.
It is located northeast of Nzérékoré and the N1 road running from the regional city passes through the village.

Nzérékoré Prefecture
Nzérékoré is a prefecture located in the Nzérékoré Region of Guinea. The capital is Nzérékoré. The prefecture covers an area of 3,632 square kilometres (1,402 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 396,949.