hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Andrew Goudie (economist)
Andrew William Goudie CB (born 3 March 1955) is a visiting professor at the University of Strathclyde.

Educated at Queens' College, Cambridge, he joined the Scottish Office in 1990.

He was appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the 2011 New Year Honours.

He published the book Scotland's Future: The Economics of Constitutional Change.

University of Strathclyde
The University of Strathclyde (Scottish Gaelic: Oilthigh Shrath Chluaidh) is a public research university located in Glasgow, Scotland. Founded in 1796 as the Andersonian Institute, it is Glasgow's second-oldest university, having received its royal charter in 1964 as the first technological university in the United Kingdom. Taking its name from the historic Kingdom of Strathclyde, its combined enrolment of 25,000 undergraduate and graduate students ranks it Scotland's third-largest university, drawn with its staff from over 100 countries.

The annual income of the institution for 2024–25 was £430.6 million of which £119.5 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £440.1 million.
POW bracelet
A POW bracelet, also known as a POW/MIA bracelet, is a nickel-plated or copper commemorative bracelet engraved with the rank, name, and loss date of an American servicemen captured or missing in Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War.

Memorialization
Memorialization is the process of preserving memories, especially the collective memory, of people or events. It can be a form of a memorial, and address or petition, or a ceremony of remembrance or commemoration.
Blite
Blite could refer to any one of the following plants:

Amaranthus blitum

Strawberry blite (Chenopodium capitatum, formerly of the genus Blitum)

Chenopodium bonus-henricus

Some species of Atriplex

Coastblite goosefoot

Sea blite (aka plant genus Suaeda)

Not to be confused with blight, a plant disease.

Oxybasis rubra
Oxybasis rubra (syn. Chenopodium rubrum), common names red goosefoot or coastblite goosefoot, is a member of the genus Oxybasis, a segregate of Chenopodium (the goosefoots). It is native to North America and Eurasia. It is an annual plant.
Alem Ketema
Alem Ketema (Amharic: ዓለም ከተማ) is a town in North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. It is the administrative centre of Merhabete woreda. The official spelling is 'Alem Ketema (with initial diacritical), and alternative spellings are Alem Catema and Alām Katma.

In 1993, a project was established to build a 675km road from Alem Ketema to Sekota.

Districts of Ethiopia
Districts of Ethiopia, also called woredas (Amharic: ወረዳ; Oromo: woreda), are the third level of the administrative divisions of Ethiopia – after zones and the regional states.

These districts are further subdivided into a number of wards called kebele neighbourhood associations, which are the smallest unit of local government in Ethiopia.
Naing Zayar Htun
Naing Zayar Htun (Burmese: နိုင်ဇေယျာထွန်း; born 28 December 1985) is a footballer from Burma, and a goalkeeper for the Myanmar national football team.

He currently plays for Zwegabin United in Myanmar National League.

Zwekapin United F.C.
Zwekapin United Football Club (Burmese: ဇွဲကပင် ယူနိုက်တက် ဘောလုံး အသင်း, pronounced [zwɛ́ɡəbɪ̀ɰ̃]; also spelled Zwegabin) is a Burmese football club based in Kayin State, Hpa-An, Myanmar. Founded in 2010, the club first competed in the 2010 season of the Myanmar National League.
USS Cowpens
Two ships of the United States Navy have been named USS Cowpens, after the Battle of Cowpens, an American victory during the American Revolutionary War.

USS Cowpens (CVL-25), was a light aircraft carrier active in World War II and decommissioned in 1946.

USS Cowpens (CG-63), was a guided missile cruiser commissioned in 1991 and was decommissioned in August 2024.

Light aircraft carrier
A light aircraft carrier, or light fleet carrier, is an aircraft carrier smaller than the standard carriers of a navy. The precise definition of the type varies by country; light carriers typically have a complement of aircraft only one-half to two-thirds the size of a full-sized fleet carrier. A light carrier was similar in concept to an escort carrier in most respects; however, light carriers were intended for higher speeds to be deployed alongside fleet carriers, while escort carriers were typically relatively slow and usually defended equally slow convoys, as well as providing air support during amphibious operations.
Isle of Wight Randonnée
The Isle of Wight Randonnée is a yearly cycling event that takes place on the Sunday of the early May bank holiday weekend. The event is organised by the local Wayfarers Cycle Touring Club and consists of two rides – a 100 km Round the Island Route, and a 55 km "Mini Randonnée" that covers the East side of the Isle of Wight. The Randonnée is the largest event of its kind on the South Coast of England, attracting around 3,000 cyclists each year.

Alverstone
Alverstone is a village 2 miles from the east coast of the Isle of Wight, near Sandown. Up until 1960, boating took place on the river and tea-gardens were very popular with local people, who came by train on excursions.
1897 Deptford by-election
The 1897 Deptford by-election was held on 15 November 1897 following the appointment of the incumbent Conservative MP, Charles Darling as a judge of the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court of Justice.

Deptford (UK Parliament constituency)
Deptford was a parliamentary constituency centred on the Deptford district of South London.  It returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

The constituency was created for the 1885 general election, and abolished for the February 1974 general election, when it was largely replaced by the new constituency of Lewisham Deptford.
Canoeing at the 2015 Pan American Games – Men's K-4 1000 metres
The men's K-4 1000 metres canoeing event at the 2015 Pan American Games was held on July 12 at the Welland Pan Am Flatwater Centre in Welland. The defending Pan American Games champions are Osvaldo Labrada, Reinier Torres, Jorge García and Maikel Zulueta of Cuba.

Welland International Flatwater Centre
The Welland International Flatwater Centre is a current canoeing, kayaking and rowing facility in Welland, Ontario, Canada and was used for the 2013 ICF Junior and U23 Canoe Sprint World Championships and the 2015 Pan American Games. The facility was renovated in 2013, before the U23 championships began.
1977 Southern Conference men's basketball tournament
The 1977 Southern Conference men's basketball tournament took place from February 26–March 2, 1977. The quarterfinal round was hosted at campus sites, while the semifinals and finals were hosted at the Roanoke Civic Center in Roanoke, Virginia. The VMI Keydets, led by head coach Charlie Schmaus, won their third Southern Conference title and received the automatic berth to the 1977 NCAA tournament.

Berglund Center
Berglund Center (originally called the Roanoke Civic Center) is a 10,500-seat multi-purpose arena located in the Williamson Road neighborhood of Roanoke, Virginia. It was built in 1971 and is currently the home of the Roanoke Rail Yard Dawgs of the SPHL.  The arena also hosts Virginia Tech, Radford University and Roanoke College men's ice hockey games, as well as regular concerts and other large indoor events. The Grateful Dead played at Roanoke three times - the first in July 1974, and the other two occasions almost exactly thirteen years later in July 1987.  The arena is also the home of the annual boys basketball games between Roanoke's two city high schools, Patrick Henry High School and William Fleming High School.

It was the former home to the Virginia Squires and Roanoke Dazzle basketball teams, the Roanoke Express and Roanoke Valley Vipers ice hockey teams, and the Roanoke Steam arena football team.
Allie Sherlock
Allie Sherlock (born 7 April 2005) is an Irish singer, guitarist, songwriter, and busker. A video of her performing a cover of Ed Sheeran's "Supermarket Flowers" went viral on YouTube in June 2017. She appeared on The Ellen DeGeneres Show in 2018. Sherlock has performed frequently on Grafton Street in Dublin, Ireland.

Supermarket Flowers
"Supermarket Flowers" is a song by English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran and the final track on the standard edition of his third studio album ÷ (2017). After the album's release it charted at number 8 on the UK Singles Chart. It was released as a promotional single following Sheeran's performance at the 2018 Brit Awards.
1923 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1923 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 35th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.

University College Cork were the defending champions.

On 20 January 1924, Lees won the championship following a 0–03 to 0–02 defeat of Youghal in the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds. This was their 11th championship title overall and their first title since 1914.

Cork Athletic Grounds
The Cork Athletic Grounds was a Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) stadium where major hurling and football matches were played. Situated in the Ballintemple area of Cork in Ireland, it was the home of Cork GAA between 1904 and 1974. The stadium was demolished in 1974 and replaced by Páirc Uí Chaoimh.
2015 Badminton Asia Junior Championships – Girls' doubles
The girls' doubles tournament of the 2015 Badminton Asia Junior Championships was held from July 1 to 5. The defending champions of the last edition were the Chinese pair Chen Qingchen and Jia Yifan. Indonesian pairs Apriani Rahayu / Jauza Fadhila Sugiarto and Marsheilla Gischa Islami / Rahmadhani Hastiyanti Putri leads the seeding this year. Du Yue and Li Yinhui who were the finalists in the last edition emerge as the champion after beat the defending champion Chen and Jia in the finals with the score 21–14, 18–21, 21–18.

2015 Badminton Asia Junior Championships
The 2015 Badminton Asia Junior Championships is an 18th edition of the Asia continental junior championships to crown the best U-19 badminton players across Asia. It was held in Bangkok, Thailand, from June 28 to July 5, 2015.
Best SF: 1968
Best SF: 1968 (also known as Best Science Fiction 1968 or The Year's Best Science Fiction No. 2) is the second in the Best SF series edited by Harry Harrison and Brian W. Aldiss, first published in a British edition in January 1969 by Sphere Books. The first American (and first hardcover) edition was released later that year by Putnam, with a Berkley paperback following shortly thereafter. Severn House issued a British hardcover edition in 1977.

John D. MacDonald
John Dann MacDonald (July 24, 1916 – December 28, 1986) was an American writer of novels and short stories. He is known for his thrillers. A prolific author of crime and suspense novels, many set in his adopted home of Florida, he was one of the most successful American novelists of his time. MacDonald sold an estimated 70 million books. His best-known works include the popular and critically acclaimed Travis McGee series and his 1957 novel The Executioners, which was filmed twice as Cape Fear, once in 1962 and again in 1991.
The Face in the Frost
The Face in the Frost is a short fantasy novel by American author John Bellairs published in 1969. Unlike most of his later works, this book is meant for adult readers. It centers on two accomplished wizards, Prospero ("and not the one you're thinking of") and Roger Bacon, tracking down the source of a great magical evil. The subject matter prompted Ursula K. Le Guin to say of the novel,

"The Face in the Frost takes us into pure nightmare before we know it—and out the other side."

This novel was listed in the "recommended reading" list in the first edition Advanced Dungeons and Dragons Dungeon Master's Guide by Gary Gygax. Although being listed, it was not an influence on the formation of the game. In a review of the book by Gygax in Dragon magazine, issue 22, he states,

"As I have not read the book until recently, there is likewise no question of it influencing the game. Nonetheless, The Face in the Frost could have been a prime mover of the underlying spirit of D&D."

Dragon (magazine)
Dragon was one of the two official magazines for source material for the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game and associated products, along with Dungeon.

TSR, Inc. originally launched the monthly printed magazine in 1976 to succeed the company's earlier publication, The Strategic Review.  The final printed issue was #359 in September 2007. Shortly after the last print issue shipped in mid-August 2007, Wizards of the Coast (part of Hasbro, Inc.), the publication's current copyright holder, relaunched Dragon as an online magazine, continuing on the numbering of the print edition. The last published issue was No. 430 in December 2013. A digital publication called Dragon+, which replaced Dragon magazine, was launched in 2015. It was created by the advertising agency Dialect in collaboration with Wizards of the Coast, and its numbering system for issues started at No. 1.
Samsung family
The House of Samsung Lee, commonly referred to as the Samsung family, is a South Korean family whose collective fortune derives primarily from Samsung Group and its affiliated subsidiaries, the multinational conglomerate (chaebol) founded by Lee Byung-chul in 1938. It is one of the wealthiest families in Asia and the wealthiest in South Korea.

Samsung Group is one of the world's largest business conglomerates, with major subsidiaries including Samsung Electronics, Samsung Heavy Industries, and Samsung Life Insurance.

Samsung Heavy Industries
Samsung Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. (SHI; Korean: 삼성중공업) is a South Korean shipbuilding company and part of the Samsung Group. It is one of the "Big Three" shipbuilders of South Korea, along with Hanwha and Hyundai. The company's primary activities include the engineering and construction of commercial vessels including container ships, LNG carriers, oil platforms, drill ships, and floating production storage and offloading (FPSO/FSO) units.

The company’s main shipyard is located in Geoje, South Korea, and includes three dry docks and five floating docks. SHI also operates ship block fabrication facilities in Ningbo and Rongcheng, China, as well as a design center in India.
Autovía LZ-3
LZ-3 is an autovía (a type of highway in Spain) located on the island of Lanzarote in the Canary Islands. It serves as a ring road to the island's capital city, Arrecife.

Since Arrecife is a coastal city, the ring road does not complete a full circle. On the northern side, LZ-3 begins at a roundabout by the island's main port, Puerto de los Mármoles. On the southern side, LZ-3 ends at a junction with LZ-2, the main road leading to the south of the island. LZ-3 is also connected to LZ-1, the main road leading to the north of the island. Thus, the island's north-south axis is LZ-1–LZ-3–LZ-2, connecting the northernmost town, Órzola, to the southernmost town, Playa Blanca.

While most roads on the island are owned by the island council (cabildo insular), the entire north-south axis, including LZ-3, is owned by the Government of the Canary Islands.

Órzola
Órzola is a village in the municipality of Haría on the island of Lanzarote in the Canary Islands. It is the northernmost settlement of the island. As of 2021, it has a population of 352 inhabitants.

The port of Órzola is the departure point for the ferries to the island of La Graciosa.
Charnay-lès-Mâcon
Charnay-lès-Mâcon (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁnɛ lɛ makɔ̃], literally Charnay near Mâcon; Arpitan: Chârnê) is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Saône-et-Loire
Saône-et-Loire (French pronunciation: [sonelwaʁ]; Arpitan: Sona-et-Lêre) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in France. It is named after the rivers Saône and Loire, between which it lies, in the country's central-eastern part.

Saône-et-Loire is Bourgogne-Franche-Comté's most populous department with a population of 551,493 as of 2019. It is also its southernmost department, as it is situated on the regional border with Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Saône-et-Loire's prefecture is Mâcon, with subprefectures in Autun, Chalon-sur-Saône, Charolles and Louhans. Its INSEE and postcode number is 71.
Bennet (supermarket)
Bennet is the name of a hypermarket / supermarket chain with 71 retail locations in northern Italy.   The business was founded by Enzo Ratti in 1964 at Como and the head office is still located in nearby Montano Lucino.  Most of the commercial outlets are located in Lombardy (39) or Piedmont (26); the rest are in Emilia-Romagna (4), Veneto (1), Friuli-Venezia Giulia (1) and Liguria (1).

Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Italian: [friˈuːli veˈnɛttsja ˈdʒuːlja]) is one of the 20 regions of Italy and one of five autonomous regions with special statute. The regional capital is Trieste on the Gulf of Trieste, a bay of the Adriatic Sea.

Friuli-Venezia Giulia has a population of 1,194,095 in an area of 7,924.36 square kilometres (3,059.61 sq mi) as of 2025. A natural opening to the sea for many central European countries, the region is traversed by the major transport routes between the east and west of Southern Europe. It encompasses the historical-geographical region of Friuli and a small portion of the historical region of Venezia Giulia—also known in English as the Julian March—each with its own distinct history, traditions and identity.
2006 Auckland Blackout
The 2006 Auckland Blackout was a major electrical blackout in Auckland, the largest city in New Zealand, on 12 June 2006. It started at 08:30 local time, with most areas of Auckland regaining power by 14:45.  It affected some 230,000 customers and at least 700,000 people in and around the city.

Penrose, New Zealand
Penrose is an industrial suburb in Auckland, New Zealand. It is located to the southeast of the city centre, at a distance of about nine kilometres, between the suburbs of Oranga and Mount Wellington, and close to the Mangere Inlet, an arm of the Manukau Harbour.

In 2008, there were 44,975 employees and 4,998 businesses in the Penrose area, 14 per cent of Auckland City's employment, making up seven per cent of its businesses. Of these,  16% were in manufacturing, 14% in wholesale trade, 10% in administrative and support services, 10% in professional, scientific and technical services, 8% in construction and 6% in transport, postal and warehousing business types.
People's Leasing & Finance
People's Leasing & Finance PLC, sometimes called People's Leasing Company or commonly abbreviated PLC, is a licensed non-banking financial company in Sri Lanka. The company is ranked 30th in LMD 100, an annual list of leading listed companies in Sri Lanka. Brand Finance placed the company 21st amongst the 100 most valuable brands in Sri Lanka. The company was incorporated in 1995 and in 2010 listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange. 75% of the shares of the company is held by the People's Bank, one of the two government-held banks of Sri Lanka.

Non-bank financial institution
A non-banking financial institution (NBFI) or non-bank financial company (NBFC)  is a financial institution that is not legally a bank; it does not have a full banking license or is not supervised by a national or international banking regulatory agency. NBFC facilitate bank-related financial services, such as investment, risk pooling, contractual savings, and market brokering. Examples of these include hedge funds, insurance firms, pawn shops, cashier's check issuers, check cashing locations, payday lending, currency exchanges, and microloan organizations.

In 1999, Alan Greenspan identified the role of NBFIs in strengthening an economy, as they provide "multiple alternatives to transform an economy's savings into capital investment which act as backup facilities should the primary form of intermediation fail." Operations of non-bank financial institutions are not typically covered under a country's banking regulations.
Minnesota sushi
Minnesota sushi is a type of roll that is popular in the Midwestern United States. The dish goes by different names in different regions and is also known as midwest sushi, pickle wrap, pickle roll-up, frog eyes, pickle dawg, Iowa sushi, Lutheran sushi, ham and pickle pinwheels, or St. Louis sushi.

It is made by wrapping a slice of ham, beef, or salami with cream cheese around a pickle, and then slicing it into bite-sized pieces. While the origins of the dish are unclear, some believe that it can be traced to German immigration to the United States.

Ham
Ham is pork from a leg cut that has been preserved by wet or dry curing, with or without smoking. As a processed meat, the term ham includes both whole cuts of meat and ones that have been mechanically formed.

Ham is made around the world, including a number of regional specialties. In addition, numerous ham products have specific geographical naming protection.
Smuta (video game)
Smuta (Russian: Смута) is an action role-playing game developed by a Russian studio Cyberia Nova. Set in the Tsardom of Russia during the Time of Troubles, the game features an interactive world, where you fight enemies and complete quests. The game's development was backed by the Institute of Internet Development (Russian: Институт Развития Интернета), a state-owned organization, giving the developers 490,000,000 Russian rubles. The game released on April 4, 2024 for Windows through VK Play.

Smuta was negatively received at launch by various Russian outlets and players, who criticised the game's combat, locations, dialogue, and bugs, as well as the developer's actions on social media.

Software bug
A software bug is a defect (bug) in computer software. A computer program with many or serious bugs may be described as buggy.

The effects of a software bug range from minor (such as a misspelled word in the user interface) to severe (such as frequent crashing).

In 2002, a study commissioned by the US Department of Commerce's National Institute of Standards and Technology concluded that "software bugs, or errors, are so prevalent and so detrimental that they cost the US economy an estimated $59 billion annually, or about 0.6 percent of the gross domestic product".

Since the 1950s, some computer systems have been designed to detect or auto-correct various software errors during operations.
Preban
Preban is a civil parish and townland in County Wicklow, Ireland. Preban townland, which has an area of approximately 1.12 square kilometres (0.43 sq mi), had a population of 54 people as of the 2011 census. The Record of Monuments and Places records an ecclesiastical enclosure, ruined church and graveyard, as well as a number of other possible hut and enclosure sites, within Preban townland.

Preban's Church of Ireland church, dedicated to Saint John and built in 1827, is in the townland of Tomcoyle. Listed by Wicklow County Council as a protected structure, it is a church of Tinahely Carnew Parish within the Church of Ireland Diocese of Cashel, Ferns and Ossory.

Record of Monuments and Places
The Record of Monuments and Places (RMP; Irish: Taifead ar Shéadchomharthaí agus Áiteanna) is a list of historical and archaeological sites  the Republic of Ireland established under the National Monuments Acts.

It can be consulted in county libraries and local authority offices and online and is maintained by the Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht's National Monuments Service.

Each site receives a symbol of the format XX00-001---, where XX are two letters to indicate the county. Subsites of a site are in the format XX00-00101-. For example, the Aghade Holed Stone (located in County Carlow) has the RMP code CW013-032---. It is also National Monument number 347; the two numbering schemes are not connected.

While many sites recorded on the RMP are protected under the National Monuments Acts, not all entries are automatically afforded heritage protection.