hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lawrence E. Willey
Lawrence Edward Willey was a British Antarctic Survey (BAS) geologist at Fossil Bluff and Stonington Island stations, 1966–69 and 1973, and awarded the Polar Medal for services to Antarctic Survey in 1976.
Willey Glacier was named after him.

He was involved in the Cape Jeremy Affair, an incident in 1968, when he and colleagues, base commander Ali McArthur, Ian Flavell-Smith, and Shaun Norman and three dog teams set out to relieve a stranded group at Fossil Bluff following an air accident in the previous field season. This incident is described in Of Ice and Men by Sir Vivian Fuchs. This has been turned into a musical piece.

British Antarctic Survey
The British Antarctic Survey (BAS) is the United Kingdom's national polar research institute. It has a dual purpose, to conduct polar science, enabling better understanding of global issues, and to provide an active presence in the Antarctic on behalf of the UK. It is part of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). With over 400 staff, BAS takes an active role in Antarctic affairs, operating five research stations, one ship and five aircraft in both polar regions, as well as addressing key global and regional issues. This involves joint research projects with over 40 UK universities and more than 120 national and international collaborations.

Having taken shape from activities during World War II, it was known as the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey until 1962.
Alien on Stage
Alien on Stage is a 2020 British documentary film about a group of bus drivers from Dorset who in 2013 put on a stage version of Alien instead of their usual annual pantomime production, and were invited to perform at the Leicester Square Theatre in London's West End.

It won the Audience Award for best documentary at the 2021 Leeds International Film Festival, and the Silver Scream Award at the 2021 Imagine Film Festival.

The film's tagline is "In Dorset no one can hear you scream!", and The Guardian's reviewer described it as "warm and full of laughs".

Imagine Film Festival
The Imagine Film Festival, formerly Amsterdam Fantastic Film Festival, also known as Imagine Fantastic Film Festival or simply Imagine, is an annual film festival in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The festival was created in 1991 with a focus mainly on fantasy and horror films.
Grewia renistipulata
Grewia renistipulata is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae. It is a tree endemic to northeastern New Guinea.

The species was first described as Eleutherostylis renistipulata by Karl Ewald Maximilian Burret in 1926, and placed in the monotypic gens Eleutherostylis. In 2024 Laurence Joseph Dorr placed the species in the genus Grewia as Grewia renistipulata. It is within the Grewioideae subfamily. The genus name of Eleutherostylis is derived from the Greek Eleutheria meaning free and also stylus meaning style.
The Latin specific epithet of renistipulata is a combination of two words, reni meaning kidney-shaped, from renes, and stipule, a small appendage at the base of leaves. It was first described and published in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem Vol.9 on page 629 in 1926.

Eleutheria
The Greek word "ἐλευθερία" (capitalized Ἐλευθερία; Attic Greek pronunciation: [eleu̯tʰeˈria]; Modern Greek pronunciation: [elefθeˈɾia]), transliterated as eleutheria or eleftheria, is a Greek term for, and personification of, liberty. Eleutheria personified had a brief career on coins of Alexandria.

In Ancient Greece, Eleutheria was also an epithet for the goddess Artemis, and as such she was worshipped in Myra of Lycia.  The Roman equivalent of the goddess Eleutheria is Libertas, a goddess in her own right, and a personification of liberty.
John McDougall (Quebec politician)
John McDougall (July 25, 1805 – February 25, 1870) was a businessman and political figure in Canada East.

He was born in Coldstream, Scotland in 1805 and settled at Trois-Rivières around 1833. He owned a general store there and served as mayor from 1855 to 1857. He was president of the Three Rivers Gas Company. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for Drummond in 1851; he ran unsuccessfully in Trois-Rivières in 1858. McDougall served as a director for the North Shore Railway. In 1862 and 1863, he purchased ironworks at Saint-Maurice and L'Islet.

He died in Vieilles-Forges near Trois-Rivières in 1870.

His sons became partners in his various businesses. His son William was a member of the Canadian House of Commons.

The former ironworks at Saint-Maurice, Les Forges du Saint-Maurice, has been designated a National Historic Site of Canada.

Coldstream
Coldstream (Scottish Gaelic: An Sruthan Fuar) is a town and civil parish in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland.

A former burgh, Coldstream is the namesake of the Coldstream Guards, a regiment in the British Army, so called because they marched from Coldstream to help restore the British Monarchy in 1660.
Richard Bagwell
Richard Bagwell (9 December 1840 – 4 December 1918) was a historian of the Stuart and Tudor periods in Ireland, and a political commentator with strong Unionist convictions.

He was the eldest son of John Bagwell, M.P. for Clonmel from 1857 to 1874. His son John Philip Bagwell followed the family tradition in politics becoming a Senator in the government of the Irish Free State in 1923.

Clonmel (UK Parliament constituency)
Clonmel was a United Kingdom Parliament constituency in Ireland, returning one MP from 1801 to 1885. It was represented in Parliament when the Union of Great Britain and Ireland took effect on 1 January 1801.
Argentina at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Argentina competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. Originally scheduled to take place from 24 July to 9 August 2020, the Games were postponed to 23 July to 8 August 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Since making its official debut at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, Argentina has participated in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games, with the exceptions of 1904 in St. Louis, 1912 in Stockholm, and the 1980 Games in Moscow, which it boycotted in support of the United States-led boycott.  At the Tokyo Games, Argentina failed to win a gold medal for the first time since the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.

2019 Pan American Games
The 2019 Pan American Games (Spanish: Juegos Panamericanos de 2019), officially the XVIII Pan American Games (Spanish: XVIII Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Lima 2019, were a multi-sport event governed by the Panam Sports Organization held in Lima, Peru from July 26 to August 11, 2019, with preliminary rounds in certain events having begun on July 24, 2019. These were the first Pan American Games to be held in Peru, and the seventh to be held in South America.

The opening ceremony took place on July 26 at the National Stadium of Peru, and the Games were declared open by former Peruvian President Martín Vizcarra. These Pan American Games were held at venues in and around Lima, and are the largest sporting event ever hosted by the country.
Szabó Kati Sports Hall
Szabó Kati Sports Hall is an indoor arena located in Sfântu Gheorghe, Romania. The arena is named after the Romanian artistic gymnast Ecaterina Szabo. It is the home arena of the women's professional basketball club Sepsi SIC and has a capacity of 1,050 seats. In addition to the playing field and grandstand, the sports hall is equipped with a strength and recovery room with a dry sauna, a steam room and a Jacuzzi pool, 4 changing rooms, a medical and anti-doping room and referees' changing rooms.

Ecaterina Szabo
Ecaterina Szabo (Hungarian: Szabó Katalin, Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈsɒboː ˈkɒtɒlin]; born 22 January 1968) is a former Romanian artistic gymnast who won 20 Olympic, world and continental medals.

Szabo won gold medals in the 1984 Olympics in three individual events (vault, balance beam (tie), and floor exercise), won the all-around silver medal, and contributed to the team gold. With her four gold medals and a silver medal, Szabo was the most successful athlete at the 1984 Summer Olympics. Afterwards, she led her team to the world title at the 1987 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships, defeating the USSR in the team competition for only the second time in the history of the competition. In 2000, Szabo was inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame.
Zachariah Poulson
Zachariah Poulson (1761—1844) was an American editor and publisher.

Poulson was born in Philadelphia in 1761. In 1800, he purchased Claypoole's American Daily Advertiser, the successor to America's first daily newspaper, the Pennsylvania Packet. He was state printer for some years, and the publisher of Poulson's Town and Country Almanac, 1789-1801. He also published Proud's History of Pennsylvania, 1797-98. He was a member of several literary and charitable associations, and connected with the Library Company of Philadelphia for 58 years.

Library Company of Philadelphia
39°56′52″N 75°09′47″W﻿ / ﻿39.94779°N 75.16306°W﻿ / 39.94779; -75.16306

The Library Company of Philadelphia (LCP) is a non-profit organization located on Locust Street in Center City, Philadelphia. Founded as a library in 1731 by Benjamin Franklin, the Library Company of Philadelphia has accumulated one of the most significant collections of historically valuable manuscripts and printed material in the United States. On December 2, 2025, a majority of the Library Company shareholders voted to pursue an affiliation with Temple University. This affiliation was approved by Temple.

The current collection size is approximately 500,000 books and 70,000 other items, including 2,150 items that once belonged to Franklin, major collections of 17th-century and Revolution-era pamphlets and ephemera, maps, and whole libraries assembled in the 18th and 19th centuries. The collection also includes first editions of Moby-Dick and Leaves of Grass.
Zaouïa of Sidi Saâdi
The Zaouïa of Sidi Saâdi (also rendered Zawiya of Sidi Saâdi) is a religious building and educational institution located in Algiers, Algeria. It is one of the Zawiyas in Algeria affiliated with the Rahmaniya Sufi order under the supervision of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Wakfs, in accordance with the Algerian Islamic reference.

The full name of its founder Sidi Saâdi, the learned faqīh, is Abou Abdallah Mohamed ben Mohamed Saâdi.

Ministry of Religious Affairs and Endowments (Algeria)
The Ministry of Religious Affairs and Wakfs (Arabic: وزارة الشؤون الدينية والأوقاف, French: Ministère des affaires religieuses et des wakfs) is a ministry of Algeria. Its head office is in Hydra, Algiers.
Bernardine
Bernardine is a Latinate diminutive of the given name "Bernard". It can be applied to men, notably Saint Bernadine, but is now much more often a female name. Bernadine and Bernadene are variant spellings of the female name.

The nickname Bernie is unisex. Bernardine is uncommon as a surname. Emily Dickinson uses the word as an adjective: "A more Bernardine Girl...".

Bernard
Bernard (Bernhard) is a French and West Germanic masculine given name. It has West Germanic origin and is also a surname.

The name is attested from at least the 9th century. West Germanic Bernhard is composed from the two elements bern "bear" and hard "brave, hardy". Its native Old English cognate was Beornheard, which was replaced or merged with the French form Bernard that was brought to England after the Norman Conquest. The name Bernhard was notably popular among Old Frisian speakers. Its wider use was popularized due to Saint Bernhard of Clairvaux (canonized in 1174). In Ireland, the name was an anglicized form of Brian.
Sencha mac Ailella
Sencha mac Ailella is a character from the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology. He acts as an important judge and notable poet during the reign of Conchobar mac Nessa. He volunteered to foster Cúchulainn, but was only an educator. Sencha helped establish peace between the Ulstermen.

Sencha's face broke out in "blotches" when giving a misogynistic judgment. They were a consequence of a spiritual or magical ban that compelled him to behave fairly. His face was later healed when Brigit convinced Sencha to reconsider his judgment.

He has been compared to Nestor of Homer's Iliad and Merlin of the Arthurian Legends.

Matter of Britain
The Matter of Britain (French: matière de Bretagne; Welsh: Mater Prydain; Cornish: Mater Brythain; Breton: Afer Breizh-Veur) is the body of medieval literature and legendary material associated with Great Britain and Brittany and the legendary kings and heroes associated with it, particularly King Arthur. The 12th-century writer Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Britain) is a central component of the Matter of Britain.

It was one of the three great Western story cycles recalled repeatedly in medieval literature, together with the Matter of France, which concerned the legends of Charlemagne and his companions, as well as the Matter of Rome, which included material derived from or inspired by classical mythology and classical history. Its pseudo-chronicle and chivalric romance works, written both in prose and verse, flourished from the 12th to the 16th century.
Ebony, Kent
Ebony is a hamlet in the civil parish of Stone-cum-Ebony, in the Ashford district, in the county of Kent, England. It is on the Isle of Oxney, south of Ashford. EBONY (St. Mary), is a parish, in the union of Tenterden, partly in the hundred of Tenterden, Lower division of the lathe of Scray, W. division, but chiefly in the hundred of Oxney, lathe of Shepway, E. division, of Kent, 4 miles (S. E.) from Tenterden.

The place-name 'Ebony' is first attested in a Saxon charter of 833, where it appears as Ebbanea. The name means 'Ebba's or Ybba's stream'.

In 1891 the parish had a population of 174. In 1894 the parish was abolished and merged with Stone to form "Stone cum Ebony", part also went to Tenterden.

Lathe (county subdivision)
A lathe (/ˈleɪð/; Old English: lǽð; Latin: lestus) formed an administrative country subdivision of the county of Kent, England, from the Anglo-Saxon period, until it fell out of general practical use in the early twentieth century.

Etymologically, the word lathe may derive from a Proto-Germanic root meaning "land" or "landed possession", possibly cognate with the Greek λᾰ́τρον (latron, "payment").
History of polymerase chain reaction
(This article assumes familiarity with the terms and components used in the PCR process.)

The history of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has variously been described as a classic "Eureka!" moment, or as an example of cooperative teamwork between disparate researchers.  Following is a list of events before, during, and after its development:

Eureka (word)
Eureka (Ancient Greek: εὕρηκα, romanized: héurēka) is an interjection used to celebrate a discovery or invention. It is a transliteration of an exclamation attributed to Ancient Greek mathematician and inventor Archimedes.
Roy Bean
Phantly Roy Bean Jr. (c. 1825 – March 16, 1903) was an American saloon-keeper and Justice of the Peace in Val Verde County, Texas, who called himself "The Only Law West of the Pecos." He held court in his saloon along the Rio Grande in a desolate stretch of the Chihuahuan Desert. Legend records his jurisprudence as thoroughly abnormal and in many instances comical. Although remembered as a hanging judge who said "hang 'em first and try 'em later," he never had anyone hanged.

Chihuahuan Desert
The Chihuahuan Desert (Spanish: Desierto de Chihuahua, Desierto Chihuahuense) is a desert ecoregion designation covering parts of northern Mexico and the southwestern United States. It occupies much of far West Texas, the middle to lower Rio Grande Valley and the lower Pecos Valley in New Mexico, and a portion of southeastern Arizona, as well as the central and northern portions of the Mexican Plateau. It is bordered on the west by the Sonoran Desert, the Colorado Plateau, and the extensive Sierra Madre Occidental range, along with northwestern lowlands of the Sierra Madre Oriental range. Its largest, continual expanse is located in Mexico, covering a large portion of the state of Chihuahua, along with portions of Coahuila, north-eastern Durango, the extreme northern part of Zacatecas, and small western portions of Nuevo León. With an area of about 501,896 km2 (193,783 sq mi), it is the largest hot desert in North America. The desert is fairly young, existing for only 8,000 years.
Shalonda Solomon
Shalonda Solomon (born December 19, 1985) is an American track and field sprinter. Her greatest international accomplishment is a silver medal in the 100 m at the 2010 IAAF Continental Cup, while representing the Americas team. She qualified for the 2011 World Championships in Athletics by winning the 200 m at the USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships. Her 22.15 in winning that race was the world-leading time for 2011. While running in the World Championships, she ran far slower than at the National Championships, finishing a fourth-place in the 200 m behind Jamaican Veronica Campbell-Brown, and American teammates Carmelita Jeter and defending champion Allyson Felix. Later in those championships, she won a gold medal by serving on the American 4 × 100 m relay team in the preliminary rounds, being replaced by Felix in the final. She has a distinct head bob while running, something noticeable since high school.

Reebok
Reebok International Limited (/ˈriːbɒk/ REE-bok) is an American footwear and clothing brand that is a part of Authentic Brands Group. It was established in England in 1958 as a companion company to J.W. Foster and Sons, a sporting goods company which had been founded in 1895 in Bolton, Lancashire. From 1958 until 1986, the brand featured the flag of the United Kingdom in its logo to signify the origins of the company. It was bought by German sporting goods company Adidas in 2005, then sold to the United States–based Authentic Brands Group in 2021. The company's global headquarters are located in Boston, Massachusetts, in the Seaport District.
SMTP proxy
SMTP proxies are specialized mail servers that, similar to other types of proxy servers, pass simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) sessions through to other SMTP servers without using the store-and-forward approach of a mail transfer agent (MTA). When an SMTP proxy accepts a connection, it initiates another SMTP session to a destination SMTP server.  Any errors or status information from the destination server will be passed back to the sending MTA through the proxy.

Proxy server
In computer networking, a proxy server is a server application that acts as an intermediary between a client requesting a resource and the server then providing that resource.

Instead of connecting directly to a server that can fulfill a request for a resource, such as a file or web page, the client directs the request to the proxy server, which evaluates the request and performs the required network transactions. This serves as a method to simplify or control the complexity of the request, or provide additional benefits such as load balancing, privacy, or security. Proxies were devised to add structure and encapsulation to distributed systems. A proxy server thus functions on behalf of the client when requesting service, potentially masking the true origin of the request to the resource server.
Jefferson Racing
Jefferson Racing is an American stock car racing team that currently competes in the Northwest Super Late Model Series. The team was founded in 2015 by Jeff Jefferson, and they primarily field the No. 7 Ford Fusion full-time for Bryce Bezanson, and the No. 42 Ford Fusion part-time for Kole Raz. They previously competed in the NASCAR K&N Pro Series West from 2015 to 2020, and the NASCAR K&N Pro Series East from 2015 to 2019, under Jefferson Pitts Racing, and in 2020, under Jefferson Racing.

Matt Tifft
Matthew Kenneth Tifft (born June 26, 1996) is an American professional stock car racing driver and former team owner. He currently competes part-time in the Super Late Models, driving the No. 36 Chevrolet SS for Dan Fredricksonn Racing. In 2020, with his racing career in question due to a past brain tumor and a diagnosis of epilepsy, he became part owner of Live Fast Motorsports with B. J. McLeod & Joe Falk, becoming the youngest team owner in NASCAR Cup Series history. Tifft also was named to the 2022 Forbes 30 under 30 Class. Medical issues sidelined Tifft as a driver from the end of 2019 until the end of 2023 season.
Ode to the Death of Jazz
Ode to the Death of Jazz is an album by Finnish jazz drummer and bandleader Edward Vesala recorded over two sessions in April and May 1989 and released on ECM the following year. The ensemble consists trumpeter Matti Riikonen, woodwind section Jorma Tapio, Jouni Kannisto and Pepa Päivinen, accordionist Taito Vainio, rhythm section Jimi Sumén, Iro Haarla and Vesala, and percussionist Tim Ferchen.

ECM Records
ECM (Edition of Contemporary Music) is an independent record label founded by Karl Egger, Manfred Eicher and Manfred Scheffner in Munich in 1969. While ECM is best known for jazz music, the label has released a variety of recordings, and ECM's artists often refuse to acknowledge boundaries between genres. ECM's motto is "the most beautiful sound next to silence", taken from a 1971 review of ECM releases in Coda, a Canadian jazz magazine.

ECM has been distributed in the U.S. by Warner Bros. Records, PolyGram Records, BMG, and, since 1999, Universal Music, the successor of PolyGram, worldwide. Its album covers were profiled in two books: Sleeves of Desire and Windfall Light, both published by Lars Müller.
William Herbert Sheldon
William Herbert Sheldon, Jr. (November 19, 1898 – September 17, 1977)  was an American psychologist, numismatist, and eugenicist. He created the field of somatotype and constitutional psychology that correlate body types with temperament, illustrated by his controversial Ivy League nude posture photos.

Numismatist
A numismatist is a specialist, researcher, and/or well-informed collector of numismatics/coins ("of coins"; from Late Latin numismatis, genitive of numisma). Numismatists can include collectors, specialist dealers, and scholar-researchers who use coins (and possibly, other currency) in object-based research. Although use of the term numismatics was first recorded in English in 1799, people had been collecting and studying coins long before then all over the world. The branch of numismatics that deals with the study and collection of paper currency and banknotes is called notaphily.
Caveirac
Caveirac (French pronunciation: [kaveʁak]; Occitan: Cavairac) is a commune and a village in the Gard department in southern France. It is located 8 km (5 mi) west of Nîmes and is the first village in the Vaunage reached when travelling from Nîmes. Its early history is unclear but it was in existence by the year 893. Its main feature is the Chateau of Caveiric, a notable building which now houses the town hall. The surrounding area of plains and low hills is agricultural and there are extensive vineyards.

Gard
Gard (French pronunciation: [ɡaʁ] ⓘ) is a department in Southern France, located in the region of Occitanie. It had a population of 748,437 as of 2019; its prefecture is Nîmes.

The department is named after the river Gardon. In recent decades of the twenty-first century, local administration and French speakers have returned to the original Occitan name of the river, Gard (Occitan pronunciation: [gaɾ]). It is part of a revival of Occitan culture.