hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
CARINE
CARINE (Computer Aided Reasoning Engine) is a first-order classical logic automated theorem prover. It was initially built for the study of the enhancement effects of the strategies delayed clause-construction (DCC) and attribute sequences (ATS) in a depth-first search based algorithm. CARINE's main search algorithm is semi-linear resolution (SLR) which is based on an iteratively-deepening depth-first search (also known as depth-first iterative-deepening (DFID)) and used in theorem provers like THEO. SLR employs DCC to achieve a high inference rate, and ATS to reduce the search space.

Depth-first search
Depth-first search (DFS) is an algorithm for traversing or searching tree or graph data structures. The algorithm starts at the root node (selecting some arbitrary node as the root node in the case of a graph) and explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking. Extra memory, usually a stack, is needed to keep track of the nodes discovered so far along a specified branch which helps in backtracking of the graph.

A version of depth-first search was investigated in the 19th century by French mathematician Charles Pierre Trémaux as a strategy for solving mazes.
Jana Gantnerová-Šoltýsová
Jana Gantnerová-Šoltýsová (born 30 September 1959 in Kežmarok) is a Slovak former alpine skier who competed for Czechoslovakia in the 1976 Winter Olympics, 1980 Winter Olympics, and 1984 Winter Olympics. In December 1980, she won an Alpine Skiing World Cup downhill in Altenmarkt, becoming the first east European skier to win a World Cup race. Her best performance at the Olympics was a fifth place in the downhill in 1984. Since retiring from competition, she has served as president of the Slovak Skiing Association, as a member of the Slovak Olympic Committee Executive Board, as a member of the International Ski Federation Alpine Commission, and as Deputy Chef de Mission for the Slovak team at the 2010 Winter Olympics. She is the mother of alpine skier Jana Gantnerová.

Slovakia at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Slovakia competed at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Slovak athletes earned their first gold medal ever in the Winter Olympics with Anastasiya Kuzmina's gold in the women's biathlon sprint event.
Anisaspoides
Anisaspoides is a monotypic genus of Brazilian bald-legged spiders containing the single species, Anisaspoides gigantea. It was first described by Frederick Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1896, and is only found in Brazil.

Frederick Octavius Pickard-Cambridge
Frederick Octavius Pickard-Cambridge (3 November 1860 – 9 February 1905) was an English arachnologist. He is sometimes confused with his uncle, Octavius Pickard-Cambridge (1828–1917), who was also an arachnologist and from whom F. O. Pickard-Cambridge picked up his enthusiasm for the study of spiders.
Taff Vale Railway U1 class
The Taff Vale Railway U and U1 classes were 0-6-2T steam tank locomotive  operated by Taff Vale Railway, Wales, from 1895. All were still in use when the Taff Vale Railway was acquired by the Great Western Railway in 1922 but were withdrawn from traffic between 1927 and 1931.

Tank locomotive
A tank locomotive is a steam locomotive which carries its water in one or more on-board water tanks, instead of a more traditional tender. Most tank engines also have bunkers (or fuel tanks) to hold fuel; in a tender-tank locomotive a tender holds some or all of the fuel, and may hold some water also.

There are several different types of tank locomotive, distinguished by the position and style of the water tanks and fuel bunkers. The most common type has tanks mounted either side of the boiler. This type originated about 1840 and quickly became popular for industrial tasks, and later for shunting and shorter-distance main line duties.

Tank locomotives have advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional locomotives that required a separate tender to carry needed water and fuel.
Subterfuge (1996 film)
Subterfuge is a 1996 American action film written and co-produced by Marion Segal, and directed by Herb Freed. It stars Matt McColm as Jonathan Slade, an ex-military man who is given the task to retrieve the black box from a jetliner that crashed into the Black Sea. Supporting cast includes Richard Brake, Jason Gould, and Amanda Pays.

Amanda Pays
Amanda Pays (born 6 June 1959) is an English interior designer, actress, and television presenter.

She is known for her television series roles as Theora Jones in Max Headroom and as Tina McGee in The Flash and the 2014 series of the same name. As an interior designer, Pays hosts the show Breathing Room on Fine Living Network.
East Anglian English
East Anglian English is a dialect of English spoken in East Anglia, primarily in or before the mid-20th century. East Anglian English has had a very considerable input into modern Estuary English. However, it has received little attention from the media and is not easily recognised by people from other parts of the United Kingdom. The dialect's boundaries are not uniformly agreed upon; for instance, the Fens were traditionally an uninhabited area that was difficult to cross, so there was little dialect contact between the two sides of the Fens leading to certain internal distinctions within that region.

Linguist Peter Trudgill has identified several sub-dialects, including Norfolk (Broad Norfolk, Norwich), Suffolk, Essex, Cambridgeshire, and various Fenland dialects.

Monophthongization
Monophthongization is a sound change by which a diphthong becomes a monophthong, a type of vowel shift. It is also known as ungliding, as diphthongs are also known as gliding vowels. In languages that have undergone monophthongization, digraphs that formerly represented diphthongs now represent monophthongs. The opposite of monophthongization is vowel breaking.
2023 Libéma Open
The 2023 Libéma Open was a professional tennis tournament played on the outdoor grass courts at Autotron Rosmalen in Rosmalen, 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands from 12 to 18 June 2023. It was the 32nd edition of the Rosmalen Grass Court Championships and was classified as an ATP 250 event on the men's 2023 ATP Tour and a WTA 250 event on the women's 2023 WTA Tour.

's-Hertogenbosch
's-Hertogenbosch (Dutch: [ˌsɛrtoːɣə(m)ˈbɔs] ⓘ), colloquially known as Den Bosch (pronounced [dɛm ˈbɔs] ⓘ), is a city and municipality in the Netherlands with a population of 160,783. It is the capital of the province of North Brabant and its fourth largest city by population. The city is directly south of the Maas river and near the Waal.
Emna Mizouni
Emna Mizouni (Arabic: آمنة الميزوني, romanized: ʼĀmina Al-Mizūnī, pronounced [ʔaːmina almizuni]; born 1987) is a Tunisian internet and human rights activist, free-lance journalist, communications expert and business executive. In July 2019, After successfully helping to prepare RightsCon Tunis, Access Now, the international non-profit human rights group intent on an open Internet, announced her appointment to serve in their global board of directors. In March 2013, Mizouni founded Carthagina, an initiative designed to create interest in Tunisia's cultural heritage at home and abroad. In August 2019, she was honoured as Wikimedian of the Year at Wikimania, as a result of the leading role she has played in the development of Arab and African communities as well as her success in promoting the history and culture of Tunisia.

Internet activism
Internet activism involves the use of electronic-communication technologies such as social media, e-mail, and podcasts for various forms of activism to enable faster and more effective communication by citizen movements, the delivery of particular information to large and specific audiences, as well as coordination. Internet technologies are used by activists for cause-related fundraising, community building, lobbying, and organizing. A digital-activism campaign is "an
organized public effort, making collective claims on a target authority, in which civic initiators or supporters use digital media."  Research has started to address specifically how activist/advocacy groups in the U.S. and in Canada use social media to achieve digital-activism objectives.
George Roman
George Roman (February 20, 1926 – June 30, 2002) was a professional American football defensive tackle who played three seasons for Boston Yanks/New York Bulldogs and New York Giants in the National Football League (NFL).

Roman was born in Rankin, Pennsylvania and grew up in Verona, attending Penn Hills High School in Penn Hills.

Verona, Pennsylvania
Verona is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is 13 miles (21 km) northeast of downtown Pittsburgh, along the left bank of the Allegheny River. As of the 2020 census, the borough had a population of 2,492.
The New Paper
The New Paper is a Singaporean newspaper. It was originally published in tabloid format as a "noon paper", then from 2016 as a freesheet in the morning from 7 a.m. onwards. In December 2021 the paper became digital only. On 30 October 2025, The New Paper merged with STOMP and published its last article on the same day.

Tabloid (newspaper format)
A tabloid is a newspaper format characterized by its compact size, smaller than a broadsheet. The term originates from the 19th century, when the London-based pharmaceutical company Burroughs Wellcome & Co. used the term to describe compressed pills, later adopted by newspapers to denote condensed content. There are two main types of tabloid newspaper: red tops and compact, distinguished by editorial style.

Red top tabloids are distinct from broadsheet newspapers, which traditionally cater to more affluent, educated audiences with in-depth reporting and analysis. However, the line between tabloids and broadsheets has blurred in recent decades, as many broadsheet newspapers have adopted tabloid or compact formats to reduce costs and attract readers.

Globally, the tabloid format has been adapted to suit regional preferences and media landscapes. In countries like Germany and Australia, tabloids such as Bild and The Daily Telegraph have significant readerships and political clout.
Riez Cathedral
Riez Cathedral (Cathédrale Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption de Riez) is a Roman Catholic church located in the town of Riez in the département of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence in south-eastern France. It is a national monument.

It was formerly the seat of the Bishopric of Riez, abolished by the Concordat of 1801, which transferred its territory to the Bishopric of Digne.

Diocese of Digne
The Diocese of Digne (Latin: Dioecesis Diniensis; French: Diocèse de Digne) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in France. Erected in the 4th century as the Diocese of Digne, the diocese has been known as the Diocese of Digne–Riez–Sisteron  since 1922. The diocese comprises the entire department of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, in the Region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. The diocese was a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Aix-en-Provence and Arles until 2002 and is now a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Marseille. The Bishop of Digne's cathedra is found in Digne Cathedral at the episcopal see of Digne-les-Bains.
Gençlik Stadium
Gençlik Stadium (Turkish: Gençlik Stadı) is a football stadium in the Reşatbey neighborhood of the city of Adana. The stadium is opened in 1938, together with the 5 Ocak Stadium and the Menderes Sports Hall, as a sports complex. The stadium has a capacity of 2000 spectators with an only East Stand. Player change rooms are under the East Stand of 5 Ocak Stadium at the west side of the Gençlik Stadium.

The stadium is currently used for football matches only, and it is the home ground of Adana İdmanyurdu women's and the Seyhan Belediyespor men's football teams.

Reşatbey
Reşatbey (Turkish pronunciation: [ɾeʃatbej]) is a neighbourhood (mahalle) in the municipality and district of Seyhan, Adana Province, Turkey. Its population is 11,751 (2022). The neighbourhood is part of the downtown, situated north of the D400 state road and west of the Seyhan River.
Adelina Boguș
Adelina Maria Boguș (née Cojocariu; born 4 September 1988) is a Romanian rower. She competed in the women's eight event at the 2012 and 2016 Summer Olympics, winning a bronze medal.

She won gold in the women's eight at the 2009, 2010, 2014 and 2017 European Championships, silver at the 2009 World Championships and bronze at the 2010 World Championships and 2015 European Championships.  In the women's double sculls, she won the bronze medal at the 2012 European Championships with Maria Diana Bursuc  In the women's quadruple sculls, she won bronze at the 2008 European Championships with Ionelia Zaharia, Cristina Ilie and Roxana Cogianu.  In the women's pair, she won a bronze at the 2007 European Championships with Nicoleta Albu.

2012 European Rowing Championships
The 2012 European Rowing Championships is the sixth edition of the European Rowing Championships, since they were reinstated by decision of FISA in 2006. The event was held in Varese, Italy, between 14 and 16 September 2012.
An Evening's Love
An Evening's Love, or The Mock Astrologer is a comedy in prose by John Dryden. It was first performed before Charles II and Queen Catherine by the King's Company at the Theatre Royal on Bridges Street, London, on Friday, 12 June 1668. Samuel Pepys saw the play on 20 June of that year, but did not like it; in his Diary he called it "very smutty."

The play was first published in 1671 by Henry Herringman; Dryden dedicated the work to William Cavendish, Duke of Newcastle.

Samuel Pepys
Samuel Pepys FRS (/ˈpiːps/ PEEPS; 23 February 1633 – 26 May 1703) was an English writer and Tory politician. He served as an official in the Navy Board and Member of Parliament, but is most remembered today for the diary he kept for almost a decade. Though he had no maritime experience, Pepys rose to be the Chief Secretary to the Admiralty under both Charles II and James II through patronage, diligence, and his talent for administration. His influence and reforms at the English Admiralty were important in the early professionalisation of the Royal Navy.

The detailed private diary that Pepys kept from 1660 until 1669 was first published in the 19th century and is one of the most important primary sources of the Stuart Restoration. It provides a combination of personal revelation and eyewitness accounts of great events, such as the Great Plague of London, the Second Anglo-Dutch War and the Great Fire of London.
Spencer Ewart
Lieutenant-General Sir John Spencer Ewart KCB (22 March 1861 – 19 September 1930) was a British Army officer who became Adjutant-General to the Forces, but was forced to resign over the Curragh Incident.

Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)
Lieutenant general (Lt Gen), formerly more commonly lieutenant-general, is a senior rank in the British Army and the Royal Marines. It is the equivalent of a multinational three-star rank; some British lieutenant generals sometimes wear three-star insignia, in addition to their standard insignia, when on multinational operations.

Lieutenant general is a superior rank to major general, but subordinate to a (full) general. The rank has a NATO rank code of OF-8, equivalent to a vice-admiral in the Royal Navy and an air marshal in the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the air forces of many Commonwealth countries.

The rank insignia for both the Army and the Royal Marines is a crown over a crossed sabre and baton. During the reign of Elizabeth II, the St Edward's Crown, commonly known as the Queen's Crown, was depicted. Before 1953, and again since the accession of Charles III in 2022, the Tudor Crown has been used.
Black light theatre
Black light theatre  (in Czech černé divadlo) or simply black theatre, is a theatrical performance style characterized by the use of black box theatre augmented by black light illusion. This form of theatre originated from Asia and can be found in many places around the world. It has become a speciality of Prague, where many theatres use it.

The distinctive characteristics of "black theatre" are the use of black curtains, a darkened stage, and "black lighting" (UV light), paired with fluorescent costumes in order to create intricate visual illusions. This "black cabinet" technique was used by Georges Méliès, and by theatre revolutionary Konstantin Stanislavski (especially in his production of Cain). The technique, paired with the expressive artistry of dance, mime and acrobatics of the performers is able to create remarkable spectacles.

Cain (play)
Cain is a dramatic work by Lord Byron published in 1821 in London by John Murray.

In Cain, originally published with Sardanapalus and The Two Foscari, Byron dramatizes the story of Cain and Abel from Cain's point of view. Cain is an example of the literary genre known as closet drama. The play was dedicated to Sir Walter Scott.

The work was published separately in 1822 by H. Gray.
Salah Mezhiev
Salah Mezhiev (Salah-haji Mitaevich Mezhiev, Russian: Салах Межиев / Салах-хаджи Митаевич Межиев; born 1977 Grozny) is the supreme mufti of Chechnya. He is also the chairperson of the Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of the Chechen Republic since 2014.

In 2024, Mezhiev defended his dissertation on Al-Shafi'i in Cairo and received a PhD in Islamic Sciences.

Mezhiev has taken a stand against Wahhabism; "It should be recognized as an extremist sect and banned at a government level; these people should be called devils".

Al-Shafi'i
Al-Shafi'i (Arabic: الشَّافِعِيّ, romanized: al-Shāfiʿī; IPA: [a(l) ʃaːfiʕiː] ⓘ;767–820 CE) was a Muslim scholar, jurist, muhaddith, traditionist, theologian, ascetic, and eponym of the Shafi'i school of Sunni Islamic jurisprudence. He is known to be the first to write a book upon the  principles of Islamic jurisprudence, having authored one of the earliest work on the subject: al-Risala. His legacy and teaching on the matter provided it with a systematic form, thereby "fundamentally influencing the succeeding generations which are under his direct and obvious impact,": 270  and "beginning a new phase of the development of legal theory.": 239–273

Born in Gaza, Palestine, to the Banu Muttalib clan of the Quraysh tribe, he relocated at the age of two and was raised in Mecca. He later resided in Medina, Yemen, Baghdad in Iraq, and Egypt, and also served as a judge for some time in Najran.
David Magnani
David P. Magnani (born May 24, 1944) is an American politician and activist. He served as Democratic member of Massachusetts House of Representatives and Senate from 1984 to 2004 representing 7th Middlesex district and 2nd Middlesex and Norfolk district.

Massachusetts House of Representatives' 7th Middlesex district
Massachusetts House of Representatives' 7th Middlesex district in the United States is one of 160 legislative districts included in the lower house of the Massachusetts General Court. It covers part of Middlesex County. Democrat Jack Patrick Lewis of Framingham has represented the district since 2017.
The Priest of Kirchfeld
The Priest of Kirchfeld (German: Der Pfarrer von Kirchfeld) is an anti-clerical folkplay by Ludwig Anzengruber in Viennese dialect, first produced 5 November 1870 in Vienna. It is Anzengruber's most popular drama. It has been adapted for film several times.

Viennese German
Viennese German (Viennese: Weanarisch, Weanerisch; Standard German: Wienerisch) is the city dialect spoken in Vienna, the capital of Austria, and is counted among the Bavarian dialects. It is distinct from written Standard German in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. Even in Lower Austria, the state surrounding the city, many of its expressions are not used, while farther to the west they are often not even understood.
2023 Northeast Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2023 Northeast Conference Men's Basketball Tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Northeast Conference for the 2022–23 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The tournament took place on three dates between March 1 and 7, 2023, and all tournament games were played in the home arenas of the higher-seeded school. The winner, Merrimack, did not receive the conference's automatic bid to the 2023 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament due to not being eligible because of a transition from Division II. Instead, the runner-up, Fairleigh Dickinson, was awarded the conference's automatic bid by winning the seminfinal game over Saint Francis (PA).

There was no defending champion for the 2023 tournament, as Bryant moved to the America East Conference after the 2021–22 academic year.

America East Conference
The America East Conference (AmEast) is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with NCAA Division I whose members are located in the Northeastern United States. The conference is headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts.

Founded in 1979, the conference has nine core members including eight public research universities, three of which - the University of Maine, the University of New Hampshire, and the University of Vermont - are the flagship universities of their states. Two non-flagship university centers of the State University of New York - the University at Albany and Binghamton University - are in the conference along with UMass Lowell, New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) and Bryant University.  Bryant is the latest institution to join the conference in 2022, when Stony Brook University and the University of Hartford departed the conference. It is the only private university among the core members.

The America East Conference sponsors 18 sports (8 men's and 10 women's).
National symbols of Myanmar
The national symbols of Myanmar (also known as Burma) are icons, symbols and other cultural expressions which are seen as representative of the Burmese people. These have been accumulated over centuries and are mainly from the Bamar majority, while other ethnic groups also maintain their own symbols.

No official codification or de jure recognition exists, but most of these symbols are seen as de facto representative of the Burmese people. The use of much of these symbols were cultivated during the Konbaung dynasty which ruled the country from 1761 to 1885.

Bamar people
The Bamar people (Burmese: ဗမာလူမျိုး, ba. ma lu myui: IPA: [bə.mà lù mjó]; also known as Burmese people or Burmans) are a Sino-Tibetan-speaking ethnic group native to Myanmar (formerly known as Burma). With an estimated population of around 35 million people, they are the largest ethnic group in Myanmar, accounting for 68.78% of the country's total population. The geographic homeland of the Bamar is the Irrawaddy River basin. The Bamar speak the Burmese language which serves as the national language and lingua franca of Myanmar.
Gamma process
A gamma process, also called the Moran-Gamma subordinator, is a two-parameter stochastic process which models the accumulation of effort or wear over time. The gamma process has independent and stationary increments which follow the gamma distribution, hence the name. The gamma process is studied in mathematics, statistics, probability theory, and stochastics, with particular applications in deterioration modeling and mathematical finance.

Independent increments
In probability theory, independent increments are a property of stochastic processes and random measures. Most of the time, a process or random measure has independent increments by definition, which underlines their importance. Some of the stochastic processes that by definition possess independent increments are the Wiener process, all Lévy processes, all additive process
and the Poisson point process.
Keshaw Prasad Chandra
Keshaw Prasad Chandra is an Indian politician and was the member of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly for the constituency of Jaijaipur from 2013 till 2023. He is a member of the Bahujan Samaj Party.

Jaijaipur Assembly constituency
Jaijaipur is one of the 90 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh state in India.

It comprises Jaijaipur tehsil and parts of Champa tehsil and Malkhroda tehsil, all in Janjgir-Champa district.