hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
X-dimension of recorded spot
In fax systems, the X-dimension of recorded spot is the effective recorded spot dimension measured in the direction of the recorded line. The effective recorded spot dimension" is the largest center-to-center spacing between recorded spots, which gives minimum peak-to-peak variation of density of the recorded line. X-dimension of recorded spot implies that the facsimile equipment response to a constant density in the object (original) is a succession of discrete recorded spots.

Facsimile
A facsimile (from Latin fac simile, "to make alike") is a copy or reproduction of an old book, manuscript, map, art print, or other item of historical value that is as true to the original source as possible. It differs from other forms of reproduction by attempting to replicate the source as accurately as possible in scale, color, condition, and other material qualities. For books and manuscripts, this also entails a complete copy of all pages; hence, an incomplete copy is a "partial facsimile". Facsimiles are sometimes used by scholars to research a source that they do not have access to otherwise, and by museums and archives for media preservation and conservation. Many are sold commercially, often accompanied by a volume of commentary.

The term "fax" is a shortened form of "facsimile", though most faxes are not reproductions of the quality expected in a true facsimile.
Listed buildings in Clunbury
Clunbury is a civil parish in Shropshire, England.  It contains 64 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, two are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the villages of Clunbury and Clunton, and smaller settlements including Kempton, Little Brampton, and Purslow, and is otherwise rural.  Most of the listed buildings are houses, farmhouses and farm buildings, many of which are timber framed, and some later encased or rebuilt in limestone.  The other listed buildings are two churches, one dating from the 12th century, bridges, a stone signpost, three milestones, a former watermill, a former malthouse, a war memorial, and a former smithy.

Malt house
A malt house, malt barn, or maltings, is a building where cereal grain is converted into malt by soaking it in water, allowing it to sprout and then drying it to stop further growth. The malt is used in brewing beer, whisky and in certain foods. The traditional malt house was largely phased out during the twentieth century in favour of more mechanised production. Many malt houses have been converted to other uses, such as Snape Maltings, England, which is now a concert hall.
Surrogate alcohol
Surrogate alcohol is a term for any substance containing ethanol, or other alcohols, that is intentionally consumed by humans but is not meant for human consumption. Some definitions of the term also extend to illegally produced alcoholic beverages.

Consumption of such substances carries extreme health risks, both from the ethanol content and other more toxic substances that may be present. Users risk both acute poisoning from substances such as methanol, and chronic poisoning from substances such as lead.

Most people turn to these as a last resort either out of desperation, being underaged or being unable to afford consumable alcoholic beverages (with homeless alcoholics) or due to lack of access to drinking ethanol (for example with prison inmates and individuals in psychiatric wards).

Moonshine
Moonshine is high-proof liquor, traditionally made or distributed illegally. The name was derived from a tradition of distilling the alcohol at night to avoid detection. In the first decades of the 21st century, commercial distilleries have adopted the term for its outlaw cachet and have begun producing their own legal "moonshine", including many novelty flavored varieties, that are said to continue the tradition by using a similar method or locale of production.

In 2013, moonshine accounted for about one-third of global alcohol consumption.
Schlüechtli
The Schlüechtli is a mountain of the Swiss Lepontine Alps, situated south of Versam in the canton of Graubünden. It lies between the valleys of Turischtobel and Safien, approximately 5 kilometres south of the anterior Rhine.

Safiental
Safiental (Romansh: Val Stussavgia) is a municipality in the Surselva Region in the canton of the Grisons in Switzerland.  The municipalities of Valendas, Versam, Safien and Tenna merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Safiental.
Columbia Heights, Minnesota
Columbia Heights is a city in Anoka County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 21,973 at the 2020 census.

Minnesota State Highways 47 (University Avenue) and 65 (Central Avenue) are two of the main routes in the city.

Columbia Heights is a first-ring northern suburb of Minneapolis, which borders it on the south. Its downtown district is centered at the intersection of 40th Avenue NE and Central Avenue, and includes the Heights Theater, county offices, the Public Library, and a variety of businesses. Central Avenue forms a commercial district along its length. More businesses also line University Avenue.

Minnesota State Highway 65
Minnesota State Highway 65 (MN 65) is a highway in the east–central and northeast parts of the U.S. state of Minnesota, which starts at its split from I-35W, skipping past the downtown Minneapolis core, only to resume at the intersection with Washington Avenue (Hennepin County Road 152) at the north end of downtown Minneapolis to continue north to its northern terminus at its intersection with U.S. Highway 71 (US 71) in Littlefork near International Falls.

Highway 65 is a four lane expressway between Interstate 694 (I-694) in Fridley to just north of State Highway 95 at Cambridge.

The route continues as a two-lane roadway from Cambridge to its northern terminus at Littlefork in northern Minnesota.

At 272.511 miles (438.564 km) in length, State Highway 65 is the third longest state route in Minnesota, after MN 23 and MN 1.
Mebarki
Mebarki is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Billel Mebarki, Algerian retired footballer

Faouzia Mebarki, Algerian ambassador to Austria and Slovakia

Meriem Mebarki, Algerian fencer

Ryma Mebarki, Algerian volleyball player

Meriem Mebarki
Meriem Mebarki (born 22 June 2003) is an Algerian fencer. She competed in the women's foil event at the 2020 Summer Olympics. She finished in 33rd place, after losing to Flóra Pásztor of Hungary in the Round of 64.
Postomino
Postomino (Polish pronunciation: [pɔstɔˈminɔ]; German: Pustamin) is a village in Sławno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Postomino. It lies approximately 15 km (9 mi) north of Sławno and 184 km (114 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 625.

Sławno County
Sławno County (Polish: powiat sławieński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland, on the Baltic coast. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the town of Sławno, which lies 174 kilometres (108 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin. The only other town in the county is Darłowo, lying on the coast 19 km (12 mi) west of Sławno.

The county covers an area of 1,043.62 square kilometres (402.9 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 57,643, out of which the population of Darłowo is 14,380, that of Sławno is 13,314, and the rural population is 29,949.
1991 Tokyo Indoor – Doubles
Guy Forget and Jakob Hlasek were the defending champions, but did not participate this year.

Jim Grabb and Richey Reneberg won the title, defeating Scott Davis and David Pate 7–5, 2–6, 7–6 in the final.

Jim Grabb
Jim Grabb (born April 14, 1964) is an American former professional tennis player. In doubles, he won the 1989 French Open and the 1992 US Open. He was ranked the world No. 1 doubles player in both 1989 and 1993. His best singles ranking of world No. 24, he achieved in 1990.
Baby the Rain Must Fall
Baby the Rain Must Fall is a 1965 American drama film directed by Robert Mulligan and starring Lee Remick, Steve McQueen and Don Murray. Dramatist Horton Foote, who wrote the screenplay, based it on his 1954 play The Traveling Lady. This is Glen Campbell's film debut, in an uncredited role.

Columbus, Texas
Columbus is a city in and the county seat of Colorado County in southeastern Texas, United States. The population was 3,699 as of the 2020 census. It is located on the Colorado River. The Colorado County Courthouse is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

A Santa Claus museum is located in Columbus.
Eruera Hamiora Tumutara
Eruera Hamiora Tumutara (c.1859 – 11 January 1930) was a notable New Zealand  Ringatū bishop. Of Māori descent, he identified with the Ngati Awa and Ngati Tuwharetoa iwi. He was born in Te Whaiti, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand, in about 1859.

Bay of Plenty
The Bay of Plenty (Māori: Te Moana-a-Toitehuatahi) is a large bight along the northern coast of New Zealand's North Island. It stretches 260 kilometres (160 mi) from the Coromandel Peninsula in the west to Cape Runaway in the east. Called Te Moana-a-Toitehuatahi (the Ocean of Toitehuatahi) in the Māori language after Toi-te-huatahi, an early ancestor, the name 'Bay of Plenty' was bestowed by James Cook in 1769 when he noticed the abundant food supplies at several Māori villages there, in stark contrast to observations he had made earlier in Poverty Bay.
Abouelfetoh Abdelrazek
Abouelfetoh Abdelrazek (أبو الفتوح عبد الرازق, born 12 February 1987) is an Egyptian male handball player for Smouha SC and the Egyptian national team.

He was a part of the team at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

Handball at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's handball tournament at the 2008 Summer Olympics was held from August 10 to August 24, at the Olympic Sports Centre Gymnasium and National Indoor Stadium in Beijing.  Twelve nations are represented in the men's tournament.

The four best teams from each group advanced to the quarterfinal round, 5th and 6th teams in each group are classified 9th-12th by the results of their group matches. The losers of quarterfinal matches competed in the 5th-8th place matches by the same elimination system as the winners of the quarterfinals.

This event was the last to be completed in the 2008 Summer Olympics.
Takonoura Shell Mound
Takonoura shell midden (蛸ノ浦貝塚, Takonoura kaizuka) is an archaeological site consisting of a Jōmon period shell midden and the remains of an adjacent settlement located in what is now the city of  Ōfunato, Iwate Prefecture in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan.  It has been protected by the central government as a National Historic Site since 1934.

Tōhoku region
The Tōhoku region (東北地方, Tōhoku-chihō; IPA: [toːhokɯ̥ tɕiꜜhoː]), Northeast region, Ōu region (奥羽地方, Ōu-chihō), or Northeast Japan (東北日本, Tōhoku Nihon) consists of the northeastern portion of Honshu, the largest island of Japan. This traditional region consists of six prefectures (ken): Akita, Aomori, Fukushima, Iwate, Miyagi, and Yamagata.

Tōhoku retains a reputation as a remote, scenic region with a harsh climate. In the 20th century, tourism became a major industry in the Tōhoku region.
Vinnitsa uezd
The Vinnitsa uezd was a county (uezd) of the Podolian Governorate of the Russian Empire. The uezd bordered the Zhitomir uezd of the Volhynian Governorate to the north, the Berdichev uezd of the Kiev Governorate to the northeast, the Bratslav uezd to the east, the Yampol uezd to the south, and the Litin uezd to the west. The administrative centre of the county was Vinnitsa (modern-day Vinnytsia). The county composed most of Vinnytsia Raion of contemporary Ukraine.

Podolia Governorate
Podolia Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Southwestern Krai of the Russian Empire. It bordered Volhynian Governorate to the north, Kiev Governorate to the east, Kherson Governorate to the southeast, Bessarabia Governorate to the south, and Austria to the west. Its administrative centre was Kamenets-Podolsky (Kamianets-Podilskyi), which later moved to Vinnitsa (Vinnytsia). The governorate covered part of Ukraine's Khmelnytskyi Oblast and most of Vinnytsia Oblast, along with the fractionally recognised state of Transnistria.
Acoplanarity
In particle physics, the acoplanarity of a scattering experiment is the degree to which the paths of the scattered particles deviate from being coplanar. Measurements of acoplanarity provide a test of perturbative quantum chromodynamics, because QCD predicts that the emission of gluons can lead to acoplanar scattering events.

Gluon
A gluon (/ˈɡluːɒn/ GLOO-on) is a type of massless elementary particle that mediates the strong interaction between quarks, acting as the exchange particle for the interaction. Gluons are massless vector bosons, thereby having a spin of 1. Through the strong interaction, gluons bind quarks into groups according to quantum chromodynamics (QCD), forming hadrons such as protons and neutrons.

Gluons carry the color charge of the strong interaction, thereby participating in the strong interaction as well as mediating it. Because gluons carry the color charge, QCD is more difficult to analyze compared to quantum electrodynamics (QED) where the photon carries no electric charge.

The term was coined by Murray Gell-Mann in 1962 for being similar to an adhesive or glue that keeps the nucleus together. Together with the quarks, these particles were referred to as partons by Richard Feynman.
Athletics at the 2008 Summer Paralympics – Women's 100 metres T46
The women's 100m T46 event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics took place at the Beijing National Stadium on 10 September. There were two heats; the first 3 in each heat (Q) plus the 2 fastest other times (q) qualified.

Beijing National Stadium
The National Stadium (国家体育场, Guójiā Tǐyùchǎng), a.k.a. the Bird's Nest (鸟巢), is a stadium at Olympic Green in Chaoyang, Beijing, China. The National Stadium, covering an area of 204,000 square meters with an 80,000 person capacity (91,000 with temporary seating), broke ground in December 2003, officially started construction in March 2004, and was completed in June 2008.

The National Stadium is owned and operated by a partnership company between Beijing Municipal State-owned Assets Management Co Ltd (58%) and CITIC Group (42%).

The stadium was designed for the 2008 Summer Olympics and Paralympics. It was also used during the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics.
Jiří Hudec
Jiří Hudec (born 15 August 1964) is a retired male track and field athlete from the Czech Republic who competed in the 110 metres hurdles. He won three medals at the European Athletics Indoor Championships, representing Czechoslovakia before it split up. Born in Brno, he twice represented his nation at the World Championships in Athletics, entering in 1987 and 1991.

His personal bests are 13.48 seconds in the 110 metres hurdles (+1.4 m/s; Rome 1987) and 7.60 seconds in the 60 metres hurdles (Karlsruhe 1989).

60 metres hurdles
60 metres hurdles is a distance in hurdling which is generally run in indoor competitions. It is equivalent with the first 5 hurdles of a standard outdoor hurdle race. The current women's and men's world records are 7.65 seconds (Devynne Charlton) and 7.27 seconds (Grant Holloway), respectively.
Ledjana Prenga
Ledjana Prenga (born 19 December 1997) is  an Albanian reality television  contestant and media personality, known for debuting on Për'puthen, an Albanian dating reality television series that premiered on September 22, 2019, on Top Channel.

Top Channel
Top Channel (often abbreviated as TCH) is a national commercial television network based in Tirana, Albania, founded by Dritan Hoxha in 2001. It is part of the Top Media Group, one of the largest media conglomerates in Albania, which includes Top Albania Radio, Top Gold Radio, My Music Radio, daily newspaper Shqip, daily magazine Shqip Magazine, coffee producer Lori Caffe, Digitalb, Top News, VGA Studio, musicAL, Dritan Hoxha Media Foundation Imperial Cinemas and Top Channel Films.
Super Girlies
Super Girlies (Japanese: スーパー・ガーリース, lit. 'Sūpā Gārīsu') is an Indonesian girl group formed in 2011. The group is based in Bandung and is composed of Atu, Kinang, Laras, Mega, and Sarah. The former members, Opie, Rey, Uty, and Yui, left to pursue solo projects or retired. The group has been signed to the 18 Musik record label since their formation in 2011. Super Girlies are mainly a dance-pop and J-pop-influenced girl group, with their outfits heavily influenced by Harajuku fashion style. The group also released Dangdut singles, usually cover versions of well-known dangdut songs with teen pop arrangement. After releasing multiple singles since 2011, the group released their first album, Semangat, in 2015.

Japanese street fashion
Japanese street fashion refers to a number of styles of contemporary modern clothing in Japan. Created from a mix of both local and international fashion brands, Japanese street fashions tend to have their own distinctive style, with some considered to be extreme and imaginative, with similarities to the haute couture styles seen on European catwalks.
Hammadi Ahmed
Hammadi Ahmed Abdullah Al-Daiya (Arabic: حمادي احمد عبدالله الدعية; born 18 October 1989 in Samarra) is an Iraqi former professional footballer who played as a striker for Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya and the Iraq national team. He is currently a member of the administrative board at Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya and has served as caretaker manager for the club.

2016 AFC Cup
The 2016 AFC Cup was the 13th edition of the AFC Cup, Asia's secondary club football tournament organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC).

Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya from Iraq defeated India's Bengaluru in the final to win their first AFC Cup title, becoming the first Iraqi team to win the competition. Johor Darul Ta'zim, the defending champions, were eliminated in the semi-finals by Bengaluru.
Damien Timmer
Damien Gerard Timmer (born 20 October 1968 in Chelsea, London) is an English Joint-Managing Director of British independent production company Mammoth Screen, which was established in 2007. He has executive produced Lost in Austen, Wuthering Heights, Bouquet of Barbed Wire and Endeavour for ITV, and Margot, Blandings, Remember Me, Poldark and Christopher and His Kind for the BBC. Monroe is a new series for ITV. Parade's End is a major 5 part serial by Tom Stoppard being made for the BBC in 2011.

Damien Timmer also executive produces Marple, Poirot and Lewis for ITV, and executive produced The Prisoner with AMC / ITV Productions.

Previously, Damien Timmer was head of Granada London Drama, where he was responsible for executive producing Housewife, 49, If I Had You, Dracula, Ballet Shoes and Russell T Davies’ Casanova, starring David Tennant, made by Red Productions.

Remember Me (TV series)
Remember Me is a British drama television serial that premiered on BBC One in autumn 2014. Written by Gwyneth Hughes, the three-part mystery was made by Mammoth Screen. Michael Palin plays the lead role, making it his first regular television acting role in 20 years.
Global Day of Action
Global Day of Action is a direct action protest format. Environmentalism initiatives began to use it in 2005 in connection with Global Climate Campaign. They aimed to focus world attention on the anthropogenic effect that humans are having on global warming. Its main objective is to spearhead demands that elected representatives of their respective governments honor commitments set forth by the Kyoto Protocol, by conducting in unison peaceful demonstrations around the world. The demonstration, or rallies, are intended to coincide with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), a meeting of world leaders from 189 nations, that meet annually to discuss climate change.

Direct action
Direct action is a form of activism in which participants use economic power or political power to achieve their goals. The aim of direct action is to either obstruct a certain practice such as a government's laws or actions or to draw attention to and create a dialogue in order to solve perceived problems.

Direct action may include activities, that can be either violent or nonviolent, targeting people, groups, institutions, actions, or property that its participants deem objectionable. Violent direct action may include political violence, assault, arson, sabotage, and property destruction. Nonviolent direct action may include peaceful demonstrations, civil disobedience, sit-ins, strikes, and counter-economics.
G.D. Interclube (Huíla)
Grupo Desportivo Interclube da Huíla or simply Inter da Huíla, is an Angolan sports club from the city of Lubango.

Just like its counterpart from Luanda, the club is attached to the Angolan police force.

In 2004, the Angolan Ministry of the Interior ruled that Inter de Luanda was the only club authorized to participate in the Girabola. Subsequently, the club withdrew from senior competition and focused on their youth academy.

Girabola
Girabola, or Campeonato Nacional de Futebol de Séniores Masculinos, is the top division of Angolan football. It is organized by the Angolan Football Federation.

The term "Girabola" (lit. 'spin ball') is a creation of the nationalist, radio broadcaster and sports reporter Rui Carvalho, in 1972, at a time when the Angolan championship was still officially called "Campeonato do Estado Ultramarino de Angola". The name "Girabola" differentiated the competition from the other overseas provinces and was a subtle form of anti-colonial protest.

The league winner and runner-up qualify for the CAF Champions League.
Sheaf of planes
In mathematics, a sheaf of planes is the set of all planes that have the same common line. It may also be known as a fan of planes or a pencil of planes.

When extending the concept of line to the line at infinity, a set of parallel planes can be seen as a sheaf of planes intersecting in a line at infinity. To distinguish it from the more general definition, the adjective parallel can be added to it, resulting in the expression parallel sheaf of planes.

Parallel (geometry)
In geometry, parallel lines are coplanar infinite straight lines that do not intersect at any point. Parallel planes are infinite flat planes in the same three-dimensional space that never meet. In three-dimensional Euclidean space, a line and a plane that do not share a point are also said to be parallel. However, two noncoplanar lines are called skew lines. Line segments and Euclidean vectors are parallel if they have the same direction or opposite direction (not necessarily the same length).

Parallel lines are the subject of Euclid's parallel postulate. Parallelism is primarily a property of affine geometries and Euclidean geometry is a special instance of this type of geometry.
In some other geometries, such as hyperbolic geometry, lines can have analogous properties that are referred to as parallelism.
The concept can also be generalized to non-straight parallel curves and non-flat parallel surfaces, which keep a fixed minimum distance and do not touch each other or intersect.