hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bro culture
Bro culture is a North American subculture of young people (originally young men, hence "brother culture") who spend time partying with others like themselves. Although the original image of the bro lifestyle is associated with sports apparel and fraternities, it lacks a consistent definition. Most aspects vary regionally, such as in California, where it overlaps with surf culture. It often refers to a culture of machismo but sometimes  also a darker "hyper masculinity" including "binge drinking, sexism, rape culture". Oxford Dictionaries have noted that bros frequently self-identify with neologisms containing the word "bro" as a prefix or suffix.

Lexico
Lexico was a dictionary website that provided a collection of English and Spanish dictionaries produced by Oxford University Press (OUP), the publishing house of the University of Oxford. While the dictionary content on Lexico came from OUP, this website was operated by Dictionary.com, whose eponymous website hosts dictionaries by other publishers such as Random House. The website was closed and redirected to Dictionary.com on 26 August 2022.

Before the Lexico site was launched, the Oxford Dictionary of English and New Oxford American Dictionary were hosted by OUP's own website Oxford Dictionaries Online (ODO), later known as Oxford Living Dictionaries. The dictionaries' definitions have also appeared in Google definition search and the Dictionary application on macOS, among others, licensed through the Oxford Dictionaries API.
Keay
Keay is an English surname, pronounced [keɪ] (KAY); It is a variant of the surname Kay.

Notable people with the surname include:

Anna Keay (born 1974), British historian

Jack Keay (born 1960), Scottish footballer

John Keay (born 1941), British historian, journalist and writer

John Seymour Keay (1839-1909), Scottish businessman and a Member of UK Parliament

Nigel Keay (born 1955), New Zealand musician

Ronald William John Keay (1920–1998), British botanist

Watty Keay (1871–1943), Scottish footballer

Ronald William John Keay
Ronald William John Keay (20 May 1920 – 7 April 1998) was a British botanist, who did much of his work in tropical Africa.

Keay was educated at the University of Oxford. He was an expert in West African forest flora working at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and at the Forest Herbarium Ibadan (FHI), part of the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN), and was director of that institute from 1960 to 1962. He collected specimens in Rhodesia, Nigeria, West Cameroon, the Congo, Rhodesia and Zambia.

During the 1970s and '80s he was a member, council member, treasurer and vice president of the Royal Society. After his retirement from the Royal Society he served as president of the Institute of Biology and also the treasurer of the Linnean Society of London.
Horní Radslavice
Horní Radslavice is a municipality and village in Žďár nad Sázavou District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.

Horní Radslavice lies approximately 26 kilometres (16 mi) south of Žďár nad Sázavou, 23 km (14 mi) east of Jihlava, and 135 km (84 mi) south-east of Prague.

Žďár nad Sázavou
Žďár nad Sázavou (Czech pronunciation: [ˈʒɟaːr ˈnat saːzavou]; German: Saar) is a town in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 20,000 inhabitants. The town is an industrial and tourist centre. It is known for the Pilgrimage Church of Saint John of Nepomuk, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Galium desereticum
Galium desereticum is a plant species in the  Rubiaceae. It is native to the states of Nevada and Utah in the southwestern United States.

The species is named for Deseret, a provisional state of the United States proposed by early settlers in the region; it comprised most of present-day Utah and Nevada plus sections of surrounding states.

State of Deseret
The State of Deseret (/ˌdɛzəˈrɛt/ ⓘ DEZ-ə-RET, Deseret alphabet: 𐐔𐐯𐑅𐐨𐑉𐐯𐐻) was a proposed state of the United States promoted by leaders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints who had founded settlements in what is today the state of Utah. A provisional state government operated for nearly two years in 1849–50, but was never recognized by the United States government. The name Deseret is derived from the word for "honeybee" in the Book of Mormon.
Edward S. Curtis
Edward Sheriff Curtis (February 19, 1868 – October 19, 1952; sometimes given as Edward Sherriff Curtis) was an American photographer and ethnologist whose work focused on the American West and Native American people. Sometimes referred to as the "Shadow Catcher", Curtis traveled the United States to document and record the dwindling ways of life of various native tribes through photographs and audio recordings.

Photographic plate
Photographic plates preceded film as the primary medium for capturing images in photography. These plates, made of metal or glass and coated with a light-sensitive emulsion, were integral to early photographic processes such as heliography, daguerreotypes, and photogravure. Glass plates, thinner than standard window glass, became widely used in the late 19th century for their clarity and reliability. Although largely replaced by film during the 20th century, plates continued to be used for specialised scientific and medical purposes until the late 20th century.
Child process
A child process (CP) in computing is a process created by another process (the parent process). This technique pertains to multitasking operating systems, and is sometimes called a subprocess or traditionally a subtask.

There are two major procedures for creating a child process: the fork system call (preferred in Unix-like systems and the POSIX standard) and the spawn (preferred in the modern (NT) kernel of Microsoft Windows, as well as in some historical operating systems).

Ntoskrnl.exe
ntoskrnl.exe (short for "Windows NT operating system kernel executable"), also known as the kernel image, is an executable file that contains the kernel and executive layers of the Microsoft Windows NT kernel, and is responsible for hardware abstraction, process handling, and memory management. In addition to the kernel and executive layers, it contains the cache manager, security reference monitor, memory manager, scheduler (Dispatcher), and blue screen of death (the prose and portions of the code).
AraAppaloosa
The AraAppaloosa,  also known as the Araloosa, Arappaloosa and the Ara-Appaloosa, is a horse breed that is designer crossbred between an Arabian horse and an Appaloosa, combining the refined phenotype of the Arabian with the leopard-spotted coloring of the Appaloosa. As both breeds are noted for endurance and intelligence, the resulting cross is usually able to excel at endurance riding as well as other disciplines performed by either breed, including ranch work, and a variety of horse show disciplines.

An AraAppaloosa with one purebred Arabian parent may be registered as a half-Arabian with the Arabian Horse Association, and because the Appaloosa breed still has an open stud book to horses with Arabian breeding, some AraAppaloosas with a registered Appaloosa parent can be registered with the Appaloosa Horse Club (ApHC). However, they also have their own organization, the AraAppaloosa and Foundation Breeders' International (AAFBI).

Horse show
A horse show is a judged exhibition of horses and ponies. Many different horse breeds and equestrian disciplines hold competitions worldwide, from local to the international levels. Most horse shows run from one to three days, sometimes longer for major, all-breed events or national and international championships. Most shows consist of a series of different performances, called classes, wherein a group of horses with similar training or characteristics compete against one another for awards and, often, prize money.
Hochheim am Main
Hochheim am Main (German pronunciation: [ˈhoːxhaɪm ʔam ˈmaɪn] ⓘ, lit. 'Hochheim on the Main'; Old English: Hockamore) is a town in the Main-Taunus district of the German state of Hesse. It is located near the right bank of the river Main three miles above its confluence with the Rhine, as well as on the German Timber-Frame Road.

German Timber-Frame Road
The German Timber-Frame Road (German: Deutsche Fachwerkstraße) is a German tourist route leading from the river Elbe in the north to the Black Forest and Lake Constance in the south. Numerous cities and towns each with examples of the vernacular timber-framed houses traditional to the German states are situated along the road. The total length of the route is nearly 3,000 km (1,864 mi).

The route is divided into seven sections, each of which follow the traditional areas of: Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, Hesse, Bavaria, and Baden-Württemberg.
Mukachevo Border Detachment
The Mukachevo Border Detachment "Hero of Carpathian Sich" (MUN 2142) is a brigade level detachment of the Western Department of the State Border Service of Ukraine. The detachment guards the Romania-Ukraine border and the Hungary-Ukraine border in five Raions (Berehove Raion, Vynohradiv Raion, Khust Raion, Tiachiv Raion and Rakhiv Raion) of Zakarpattia Oblast. The detachment guards a border length of 316.2 km, 112.3 km with Hungary and 203.9 km with  Romania with 121 km on plains, 120 km on river and 75.2 km on mountainous terrain.

Vynohradiv Raion
Vynohradiv Raion was a raion of Zakarpattia Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center was the city of Vynohradiv. The raion was abolished and its territory was merged into Berehove Raion on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Zakarpattia Oblast to six. The last estimate of the raion population was 120,795 (2020 est.).
Raphael Cormack
Raphael Christian Cormack is a British writer and scholar of the Arab world and Assistant Professor of Arabic at Durham University. He obtained his PhD in Egyptian Theatre from the University of Edinburgh. He has also been a visiting researcher at Columbia University. He has written essays on Arab culture in outlets such as the London Review of Books, Prospect, and the Times Literary Supplement. He has also edited two anthologies titled The Book of Cairo and The Book of Khartoum.

Cormack is the author of Midnight in Cairo: The Female Stars of Egypt's Roaring ’20s, an exploration of Cairo popular culture through personalities such as Rose Al-Youssef, Mounira al-Mahdiyya and Oum Kalthoum, and of Holy Men of the Electromagnetic Age: A Forgotten History of the Occult, a biography of Dr. Dahesh and the traveling Armenian fakir Tahra-Bey who inspired him.

He is the son of Robin Cormack and historian Mary Beard. He is married to Pamela Takefman.

Rose al Yusuf (journalist)
Fatma Al-Yusef (Arabic: فاطمة اليوسف), also known as  Roz Al-Yosef (Arabic: روز اليوسف) (1898 –10 April 1958), was an Egyptian born journalist and stage-actress, a pioneer of Arab female journalism and a patron of the Arab female press. She is considered the Arab world's first woman journalist.
No Man's Valley
No Man's Valley is an animated TV special written by Christopher Brough and Frank Buxton. It was originally aired on the CBS network November 23, 1981. It was executive produced by Lee Mendelson and Phil Howort, produced and directed by Bill Melendez, and co-directed by Phil Roman.

Frank Buxton
Frank Buxton (February 13, 1930 – January 2, 2018) was an American actor, television writer, author, and television director. Buxton grew up in Larchmont, New York. He was a graduate of Northwestern University (B.S.) and Syracuse University (M.S.), and served in the U.S. Army in Korea.
Lenham
Lenham is a market village and civil parish in the Maidstone district, in Kent, England, situated on the southern edge of the North Downs, 9 miles (14 km) east of Maidstone. The picturesque square in the village has two public houses (one of which is a hotel), a couple of restaurants, and a tea-room. The parish has a population of 3,370 according to the 2011 Census.

Lenham railway station is on the Maidstone East Line.

The village is at the main source of the Great Stour and the Stour Valley Walk starts here, heading to Ashford and on to Canterbury and the English Channel near Sandwich. It is also the source of the River Len, which flows in a westerly direction to join the River Medway at Maidstone.

River Medway
The River Medway is a river in South East England. It rises in the High Weald, West Sussex and flows through Tonbridge, Maidstone and the Medway conurbation in Kent, before emptying into the Thames Estuary near Sheerness, a total distance of 70 miles (113 km). About 13 miles (21 km) of the river lies in East Sussex, with the remainder being in Kent.

The Medway has a catchment area of 930 square miles (2,409 km2), the second largest in southern England after the Thames. The map opposite shows only the major tributaries: a more detailed map shows the extensive network of smaller streams feeding into the main river. Those tributaries rise from points along the North Downs, the Weald and Ashdown Forest.
Robertson brothers (pastoralists)
The Robertson Brothers, John Holland Robertson (1843–1909), William Robertson (c. 1845–1914) and Robert Robertson (1846–1928) were pioneer cattle, sheep and horse breeders of South Australia, associated with Chowilla and Bookmark/Calperum stations.

Renmark, South Australia
Renmark is a town in South Australia's rural Riverland area, and is located 254 km (157.83 mi) northeast of Adelaide, on the banks of the River Murray. The Sturt Highway between Adelaide and Sydney runs through the town; Renmark is the last major town encountered in South Australia when driving this route. It is a few kilometres west of the SA–Victoria and SA–NSW borders. It is 31 m (101.71 ft) above sea level.
Lorica plumata
The lorica plumata (Latin: [loːr̺iːka pluːmaːt̪a]; Latin for 'feathered cuirass'), also called the lorica hamata squamatque (Latin for 'hooked and scaled cuirass'), was a set of Roman body armor. Unlike the more common lorica squamata, the scales of this cuirass bore a ridge down the middle, like a feather shaft, from which the name derives.

The lorica plumata was sleeveless and worn without spaulders (shoulder guards), resembling a linothorax.  Due to its rarity and higher production and maintenance costs, it may have been reserved for higher-ranking soldiers, tribune or above. The lorica plumata would have been an expensive piece of military equipment.  Unlike most contemporary Roman armor, it combined mail and scales.

Tribune
Tribune (Latin: Tribunus) was the title of various elected officials in ancient Rome.  The two most important were the tribunes of the plebs and the military tribunes.  For most of Roman history, a college of ten tribunes of the plebs acted as a check on the authority of the senate and the annual magistrates, holding the power of ius intercessionis to intervene on behalf of the plebeians, and veto unfavourable legislation.  There were also military tribunes, who commanded portions of the Roman army, subordinate to higher magistrates, such as the consuls and praetors, promagistrates, and their legates.  Various officers within the Roman army were also known as tribunes.  The title was also used for several other positions and classes in the course of Roman history.
Shchurovychi
Shchurovychi (Ukrainian: Щуровичі; Russian: Щуровичи, romanized: Shchurovichi; Polish: Szczurowice, Yiddish: שטשערוויץ/שטערוויץ, romanized: Shtervits/Sh't'shervits; Hebrew: שטרוויץ/שצ'ורוביצה, romanized: Shch'urovitse/Shtruvits) is a village (selo) in Chervonohrad Raion, Lviv Oblast, in western Ukraine. 
It belongs to Lopatyn settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Until 18 July 2020, Shchurovychi belonged to Radekhiv Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Radekhiv Raion was merged into Chervonohrad Raion.

Lviv Oblast
Lviv Oblast (Ukrainian: Львівська область, romanized: Lvivska oblast, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯sʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also referred to as Lvivshchyna (Ukrainian: Львівщина, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯ʃtʃɪnɐ]), is an oblast in western Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Lviv. The current population is 2,478,133 (2022 estimate).
François-Benjamin Chaussemiche
François-Benjamin Chaussemiche (June 4, 1864 – 1945) was a French architect.

Chaussemiche was born in Tours, and in 1883 entered the École des Beaux-Arts where he became a student and later colleague of Victor Laloux. He won the Prix de Rome for architecture in 1893, and served as chief architect of the Palace of Versailles from 1917-1924, during which time he created the Parc botanique de Jussieu (now the Arboretum de Chèvreloup).

École des Beaux-Arts
École des Beaux-Arts (French for 'School of Fine Arts'; pronounced [ekɔl de boz‿aʁ]) refers to a number of influential art schools in France. The term is associated with the Beaux-Arts style in architecture and city planning that thrived in France and other countries during the late nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century.

The most famous and oldest École des Beaux-Arts is the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris, now located on the city's left bank across from the Louvre, at 14 rue Bonaparte (in the 6th arrondissement). The school has a history spanning more than 350 years, training many of the great artists and architects in Europe. Beaux-Arts style was modeled on classical "antiquities", preserving these idealized forms and passing the style on to future generations.
1876 Rutlandshire by-election
The 1876 Rutlandshire by-election was fought on 17 August 1876.  The by-election was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Gerard Noel, becoming First Commissioner of Works.  It was retained by the incumbent.

Rutland (UK Parliament constituency)
Rutland was a parliamentary constituency covering the county of Rutland.  It was represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom until 1918, when it became part of the Rutland and Stamford constituency, along with Stamford in Lincolnshire.  Since 1983, Rutland has formed part of the Rutland and Melton constituency along with Melton Mowbray from Leicestershire.

The constituency elected two Members of Parliament (MPs), traditionally known as Knights of the Shire, until 1885, when it was reduced to one Member.
Vojo Deretic
Vojo Deretic, is distinguished professor and chair of the Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology at the University of New Mexico School of Medicine. Deretic was the founding director of the Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism (AIM) Center of Biomedical Research Excellence. The AIM center promotes autophagy research nationally and internationally.

Atg8ylation
Atg8ylation is a process of conjugation of mammalian ATG8 proteins (mATG8s) to proteins or membranes. The process is akin to the ubiquitylation of diverse substrates by ubiquitin.  There are six principal mATG8s: LC3A, LC3B, LC3C, GABARAP, GABARAPL1 and GABARAPL2. Together, they comprise a sub-class of ubiquitin-like molecules characterized by two  N-terminal α-helices added to the ubiquitin core, which serve a dual role of forming a docking site for interacting proteins containing ATG8-interaction motifs and enhancing mATG8's affinity for membranes.
Strei
The Strei (Hungarian: Sztrigy) is a left tributary of the river Mureș in Transylvania, Romania. The upper reach of the river, upstream of the village of Baru, is also known as Râul Petros. It flows through the town Călan and the villages Petros, Baru, Livadia, Pui, Galați, Băiești, Ohaba de sub Piatră, Ciopeia, Subcetate, Covragiu, Bretea Română, Bretea Streiului, Ruși, Strei, Streisângeorgiu, Batiz, Băcia and Simeria Veche. It discharges into the Mureș near Simeria. Its length is 93 km (58 mi) and its basin size is 1,983 km2 (766 sq mi).

Băcia
Băcia (Hungarian: Bácsi, German: Schäferdorf) is a commune in Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Băcia, Petreni (Petrény), Tâmpa (Tompa), and Totia (Nagytóti).

At the 2021 census, the commune had a population of 1,734; of those, 88.87% were Romanians and 4.04% Hungarians.
Łomnicki
Łomnicki (feminine: Łomnicka) is a Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adam Łomnicki (1935–2011), Polish biologist

Antoni Łomnicki (1881–1941), Polish mathematician

Eva Lomnicka (born 1951), British law professor

Jan Łomnicki (1929–2002), Polish director

Jarosław Łomnicki (1873–1931), Polish entomologist

Marian Łomnicki (1845–1915), Polish geologist

Michelle Lomnicki (born 1987), American soccer player

Nikola Lomnická (born 1988), Slovak hammer thrower

Tadeusz Łomnicki (1927–1992), Polish actor

Jan Łomnicki
Jan Łomnicki (30 June 1929 – 18 December 2002) was a Polish film director and screenwriter. A graduate of the National Film School in Łódź. He directed more than thirty films between 1954 and 2000. His 1976 film To Save the City (Polish: Ocalić miasto) was awarded at the Polish Film Festival (1976) and was entered into the 10th Moscow International Film Festival (1977).

He was the brother of the actor Tadeusz Łomnicki.
Lumberville–Raven Rock Bridge
The Lumberville–Raven Rock Bridge, also known as the Lumberville Foot Bridge,  is a free pedestrian bridge over the Delaware River. The bridge connects Bull's Island Recreation Area near Raven Rock, Delaware Township in Hunterdon County, New Jersey to Lumberville, Solebury Township in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. The bridge, which is one of the two exclusively pedestrian bridges over the Delaware River, is owned and operated by the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission.

Bucks County, Pennsylvania
Bucks County is in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 646,538, making it the fourth-most populous county in Pennsylvania. Its county seat is Doylestown. The county is named after the English county of Buckinghamshire. The county is part of the Southeast region of the commonwealth.

The county represents the northern boundary of the Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA–NJ–DE–MD metropolitan statistical area.

To its southwest, Bucks County borders Montgomery County and Philadelphia, the nation's sixth-largest city. To its east, the county borders the Delaware River and U.S. state of New Jersey. To its north, the county borders Lehigh and Northampton counties in the state's Lehigh Valley region. The county is approximately 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Allentown, the state's third-largest city, and 40 miles (64 km) north of Philadelphia, the state's largest city.
Dichelopa porphyrophanes
Dichelopa porphyrophanes is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on the Marquesas Archipelago in French Polynesia with records from Ua Pou (type locality: Hakahau Valley at 590 m (1,950 ft) above sea level) and Hiva Oa, although the latter could represent a different species.

The wingspan is 17 mm (0.67 in) for females.

Hiva Oa
With its 320 square kilometres (124 square miles), Hiva Oa (Marquesan: Hivaʻoa) is the second largest island in the Marquesas Islands, in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. Located at 9 45' south latitude and 139 W longitude, it is the largest island of the southern Marquesas group. Around 2,200 people reside on the island. A volcano, Temetiu, is Hiva Oa's highest point reaching an elevation of 1,269 m (4,163 ft.)