hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kingdom of Trinacria
The Kingdom of Trinacria was established after Sicilian Vespers in 1282, when King Peter III of Aragon ascended the throne, and was consolidated after the War of the Sicilian Vespers in 1302. According to the Peace of Caltabellota, the Kingdom of Sicily was officially divided into two parts, one of which was the island part of Sicily, officially called the Kingdom of Trinacria or the Kingdom of Sicily on the other side of the Lighthouse, but informally called the Kingdom of Sicily.

Since then, Sicily island was ruled as an independent kingdom by relatives of the House of Barcelona, and was then added permanently to the Crown of Aragon as a result of the Compromise of Caspe of 1412. Meanwhile, the continental part of the Kingdom of Sicily, known colloquially as the Kingdom of Naples, remained under the crown of King Charles II of Anjou. The two resulting kingdoms were separated until 1442, when King Alfonso V of Aragon conquered the Kingdom of Naples and unified both Kingdoms.

Sicilian Vespers
The Sicilian Vespers (Italian: Vespri siciliani; Sicilian: Vespiri siciliani) was a successful rebellion on the island of Sicily that broke out at Easter 1282 against the rule of the French-born king Charles I of Anjou. Since taking control of the Kingdom of Sicily in 1266, the Angevin government had made itself unpopular with its exploitative policies and exclusion of native Sicilians from power.

Sparked by an incident in Palermo, the revolt quickly spread to the majority of Sicily. Within six weeks, approximately 13,000 French men and women were slain or expelled by the rebels, and the government of Charles lost control of the island. Seeking support for the rebellion, the Sicilians offered the throne to Peter III of Aragon, who claimed the crown on behalf of his wife, Constance of Sicily. The Aragonese intervention in the rebellion led to an expansion of the conflict into the War of the Sicilian Vespers.
Stadion Radnik
Gradski Stadion Velika Gorica  (Croatian pronunciation: [grǎtskiː stâdijoːn ʋêlikaː gǒrit͡sa]), also known as Stadion ŠRC Velika Gorica, is an association football stadium in Velika Gorica, Croatia. It is the home stadium of HNK Gorica. The stadium has a capacity of 8,000, all of which is seated.

The stadium was built for the 1987 Summer Universiade, held in the nearby Croatian capital Zagreb. It has since been renovated three times, in 1999 for the Military World Games held in Zagreb, in 2010 to meet the requirements for Druga HNL Croatian second-level league and finally in 2019 when the stadium became an all-seater.

The stadium also sought use for concerts such as:

August 18, 1990 - Tina Turner on Foreign Affair: The Farewell Tour.

July 17, 2003 - Iron Maiden with their Give Me Ed... 'Til I'm Dead Tour.

July 14, 2006 - Shakira and her Oral Fixation Tour.

Foreign Affair: The Farewell Tour
Foreign Affair: The Farewell Tour (also known as the Foreign Affair: European Tour 1990) was the seventh concert tour by singer Tina Turner. The tour supported her seventh studio album Foreign Affair (1989). The tour was Turner's first stadium tour and only reached European countries. Overall, the tour was attended by approximately three million people—breaking the record for a European tour that was previously set by The Rolling Stones.

The tour is notable as Turner's only tour to not reach North America. Since the tour was considered a farewell tour (at that time), Turner wanted to exclusively tour Europe to thank her fans for supporting her career after she became a solo artist.
David Hume of Godscroft
David Hume or Home of Godscroft (1558–1629) was a Scottish historian and political theorist, poet and controversialist, a major intellectual figure in Jacobean Scotland. It has been said that "Hume marks the culmination of the Scottish humanist tradition."

Confusion is possible with David Hume or Home, Scottish minister at Duras in France, a contemporary: they had quite different views on the union with England.

Paul Grebner
Paul Grebner (Latin: Grebnerus) (fl. 1560–1590) was a German schoolteacher, and writer of a celebrated prophecy. His predictions about a great northern monarch proved acceptable in England and Scotland. Grebner's prophecies were modelled on Paracelsus.
Duisburg-Wedau–Bottrop Süd railway
The Duisburg-Wedau–Bottrop Süd railway is a railway used only for freight in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It runs from the former Duisburg-Wedau freight yard as well as from the Duisburg-Hochfeld Süd freight yard via Oberhausen West freight yard to Bottrop Süd freight yard. The railway connects these and many other important lines in Duisburg, Oberhausen and Bottrop. In particular, it provides a connection to the Duisburg and Ruhrort river ports.

Strictly speaking, the four-track railway on the eastern outskirts of Duisburg is used by a total of three different routes from the Lotharstraße overpass in Duisburg-Neudorf to the overpass over Obermeidericher Straße in Duisburg-Obermeiderich, running largely parallel with Autobahn 3.

At Walzwerk junction (northeast of Oberhausen and Oberhausen West freight yard) the line infrastructure (VzG) numbers change. All six VzG routes are now classified as main lines, have two tracks and are electrified.

Oberhausen
Oberhausen (/ˈoʊbərhaʊzən/, German: [ˈoːbɐhaʊzn̩] ⓘ) is a city on the river Emscher in the Ruhr Area, Germany, located between Duisburg and Essen (c. 13 km or 8 mi). The city hosts the International Short Film Festival Oberhausen and The Static Roots Festival. Its Gasometer Oberhausen is an anchor point of the European Route of Industrial Heritage.

Culture: Exhibitions of ice sculptures, Eiswelt Oberhausen, occurred in 2024 [and 2025].
Luca Cardelli
Luca Andrea Cardelli FRS is an Italian computer scientist who is a research professor at the University of Oxford, UK. Cardelli is well known for his research in type theory and operational semantics. Among other contributions, in programming languages, he helped design the language Modula-3, implemented the first compiler for the (non-pure) functional language ML, defined the concept of typeful programming, and helped develop the experimental language Polyphonic C#.

Type theory
In mathematics and theoretical computer science, a type theory is the formal presentation of a specific type system. Type theory is the academic study of type systems.

Some type theories serve as alternatives to set theory as a foundation of mathematics. Two influential type theories that have been proposed as foundations are:

Typed λ-calculus of Alonzo Church

Intuitionistic type theory of Per Martin-Löf

Most computerized proof-writing systems use a type theory for their foundation. A common one is Thierry Coquand's calculus of inductive constructions.
Well Done (1994 film)
Well Done is a documentary by Swiss director Thomas Imbach. It documents the everyday life of a Swiss telebanking company. For months, the director accompanied the company's characters with his camera and, by means of thematic sequences, shows their behaviour and feelings in the everyday office life of an IT company in Zurich, which is determined by electronic technologies. Well Done premiered at the Solothurn Film Festival in 1994; it won the Fipresci Prize in the competition of the International Leipzig Festival for Documentary and Animated Film.

Solothurn Film Festival
The Solothurn Film Festival (SFT) is the most important festival for Swiss film productions. Founded in 1966 in the Swiss city of Solothurn, the annual festival presents a representative selection of Swiss feature, documentary, and short film productions. In a series of public talks and panel discussions, the audience meets with members of the film industry to discuss the screened films and the culture of film in Switzerland. With over 60,000 visitors every year, the Solothurn Film Festival ranks among the most renowned cultural events in the country.
Zhang Zhiqiang (rugby union)
Zhang Zhiqiang (Chinese: 张 志强, born 15 December 1978 in Zibo, Shandong) is a Chinese Rugby union player who plays at the fly-half position.

Zhiqiang is considered the greatest Chinese Rugby player of all time. He plays for the China Agricultural University (CAU) club in Beijing, and prior to this, he had a stint with the Leicester Tigers during the 2003-04 Premiership season. He plays with the China national team as well as with the China sevens national team.

China Agricultural University
China Agricultural University (CAU) is a public university in Haidian, Beijing, China. The university is affiliated with the Ministry of Education of China. It is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction.

The university was formed in 1995 through the merger of the Beijing Agricultural University and the Beijing Agricultural Engineering University, which evolved from one of the earliest agriculture institutions in China founded in 1905.

As of December 2019, CAU offers 66 undergraduate majors and over 32 masters and 21 doctoral programs. There are around 12,000 undergraduate and 8,900 graduate students. Among them, 508 students are international. Its gymnasium hosted the wrestling events during the 2008 Summer Olympics.
Riesman's sign
Riesman's sign is a clinical sign in which a bruit, or murmur, can be heard using a stethoscope over the closed eye. It is found in patients with Graves' disease.

The sign is named after David Riesman.

Bruit
Bruit, also called vascular murmur, is the abnormal sound generated by turbulent flow of blood in an artery due to either an area of partial obstruction or a localized high rate of blood flow through an unobstructed artery.

The bruit may be heard ("auscultated") by securely placing the head of a stethoscope to the skin over the turbulent flow, and listening. Most bruits occur only in systole, so the bruit is intermittent and its frequency dependent on the heart rate. Anything increasing the blood flow velocity such as fever, anemia, hyperthyroidism, or physical exertion, can increase the amplitude of the bruit.
Hammel Madden Deroche
Hammel Madden Deroche, KC (August 27, 1840 – March 10, 1916) was an Ontario (Canada) lawyer and political figure. He represented Addington in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Liberal member from 1871 to 1883.

He was born in Newburgh in Upper Canada in 1840, the son of Pascal Deroche, and graduated from the University of Toronto in 1868. During that time, he served with the Queen's Own Rifles and fought against the Fenians at the Battle of Ridgeway. He taught school at Newburgh and Napanee. He also served as inspector of schools for Napanee.

Deroche went on to study law, articling with James Bethune, and was called to the bar in 1874. He practiced law in partnership with Judge Madden. In 1872, he married Sarah Ann Christian Pile. He was named Queen's Counsel in 1890. In 1899, Deroche was appointed crown attorney for the county.

He was a Freemason and a member of the Church of England. He died in Napanee in 1916.

Battle of Ridgeway
The Battle of Ridgeway (sometimes the Battle of Lime Ridge or Limestone Ridge) was fought in the vicinity of the town of Fort Erie across the Niagara River from Buffalo, New York, near the village of Ridgeway, Canada West, currently Ontario, Canada, on June 2, 1866, between Canadian troops and an irregular army of Irish-American invaders, the Fenians. It was the largest engagement of the Fenian Raids, the first modern industrial-era battle to be fought by Canadians and the first to be fought only by Canadian troops and led exclusively by Canadian officers. The battlefield was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1921 and is the last battle fought within the current boundaries of Ontario against a foreign invasion.
Bismarck island thrush
The Bismarck island thrush (Turdus heinrothi), is a species of passerine in the family Turdidae. It is endemic to islands in Papua New Guinea. It was formerly considered to be multiple subspecies of the island thrush, until 2024 when the island thrush was split into 17 species by the IOC and Clements checklist.

Birds of the World: Recommended English Names
Birds of the World: Recommended English Names is a paperback book written by Frank Gill and Minturn Wright on behalf of the International Ornithologists' Union. It is an attempt to produce a standardized set of English names for all bird species and is the product of a project set in motion at the 1990 International Ornithological Congress. The book is supplemented by a website, the IOC World Bird List, giving updates to the published material.

An 11-page introduction deals with a number of issues that relate to the naming of birds. This is followed by a systematic list, from pages 12 to 211, and a 46-page index. The family sequence is that of the third edition of the Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. The book's cover is illustrated with a photo of a helmet vanga, a bird endemic to Madagascar.: back cover
J. S. S. Martin
Major-General John Simson Stuart Martin CSI (18 June 1888 – 24 December 1973) was a Scottish doctor in the Indian Medical Service. He served during both World Wars.

Born in Stornoway, he was educated at Oban High School, Rockhampton Grammar School (Queensland) and the University of Edinburgh. He was commissioned into the Indian Medical Service in 1912. He served in Mesopotamia from November 1914 until April 1916, when he was taken prisoner by the Turks at the fall of Kut. He was mentioned in despatches in 1916. By the time of the start of the Second World War, he was a Colonel, and was further promoted to substantive Major-General on 6 March 1943, retiring on 6 March 1945.

He latterly lived at Glendale, on the Isle of Skye. He died at Gesto Hospital on the island.

His daughter Lorna is the wife of immunologist Avrion Mitchison.

Siege of Kut
The siege of Kut Al Amara (7 December 1915 – 29 April 1916), also known as the first battle of Kut, was the besieging of an 8,000-strong British Indian Army garrison in the town of Kut, 160 km (100 mi) south of Baghdad, by the Ottoman Army. In 1915, its population was around 6,500. Following the surrender of the garrison on 29 April 1916, the survivors of the siege were marched to imprisonment at Aleppo, during which many died. Historian Christopher Catherwood has called the siege "the worst defeat of the Allies in World War I". Ten months later, the British Indian Army, consisting almost entirely of newly recruited troops from Western India, conquered Kut, Baghdad and other regions in between in the fall of Baghdad.
1987 Stella Artois Championships – Doubles
Kevin Curren and Guy Forget were the defending champions but they competed with different partners that year, Curren with Brad Pearce and Forget with Yannick Noah.

Curren and Pearce lost in the first round to Stefan Edberg and Mats Wilander.

Forget and Noah won in the final 6–4, 6–4 against Rick Leach and Tim Pawsat.

Stefan Edberg
Stefan Edberg (Swedish: [ˈstěːfan ˈêːdbærj]; born 19 January 1966) is a Swedish former professional tennis player. He was ranked as the world No. 1 in both men's singles and men's doubles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP), one of two players in the Open Era to hold both positions (alongside John McEnroe). Edberg won 41 career singles titles and 18 doubles titles, including nine majors: six in singles and three in men's doubles. A major practitioner of the serve-and-volley style of tennis, Edberg also won the 1989 year-end championships, led Sweden to four Davis Cup titles, and won four Masters Series titles and four Championship Series titles. After retirement, Edberg coached Roger Federer from January 2014 to December 2015.
Lady Margaret Crawford
Lady Margaret Crawford was the mother of the Scottish patriot William Wallace, and mentioned as a daughter of Hugh Crawford by Blind Harry. 
Born Dunfermline and final resting place grounds of Dunfermline Abbey marked by a plaque under a tree.
Harry mentions Wallace's parentage in his poem The Wallace.

Blind Harry
Blind Harry (c. 1440 – 1492), also known as Harry, Hary or Henry the Minstrel, is renowned as the author of The Actes and Deidis of the Illustre and Vallyeant Campioun Schir William Wallace, more commonly known as The Wallace. This is a lengthy poem recounting the life of William Wallace, the Scottish independence leader, written around 1477, 172 years after Wallace's death.
Solid of revolution
In geometry, a solid of revolution is a solid figure obtained by rotating a plane figure around some straight line (the axis of revolution), which may not intersect the generatrix (except at its boundary). The surface created by this revolution and which bounds the solid is the surface of revolution.

Assuming that the curve does not cross the axis, the solid's volume is equal to the length of the circle described by the figure's centroid multiplied by the figure's area (Pappus's second centroid theorem).

A representative disc is a three-dimensional volume element of a solid of revolution.  The element is created by rotating a line segment (of length w) around some axis (located r units away), so that a cylindrical volume of πr2w units is enclosed.

Shape
A shape is a graphical representation of an object's form or its external boundary, outline, or external surface. It is distinct from other object properties, such as color, texture, or material type.
In geometry, shape excludes information about the object's position, size, orientation and chirality.
A figure is a representation including both shape and size (as in, e.g., figure of the Earth).

A plane shape or plane figure is constrained to lie on a plane, in contrast to solid 3D shapes.
A two-dimensional shape or two-dimensional figure (also: 2D shape or 2D figure) may lie on a more general curved surface (a two-dimensional space).
Church Houses
Church Houses is a hamlet in Farndale, North Yorkshire, England. The hamlet is just to the east of the River Dove in upper Farndale, and is about 150 metres (490 ft) above sea level. The nearest town to the south is Kirkbymoorside, 8 miles (13 km) away, and Castleton is also 8 miles (13 km) but to the north. It is one of three hamlets in the Farndale valley, though it is sometimes referred to as a village (it has a village hall), and on account of the church just to the east, although the hamlet only consists of seven buildings. The hamlet is within the North York Moors national park area.

North York Moors
The North York Moors is an upland area and national park in North Yorkshire, England. It contains one of the largest expanses of heather moorland in the United Kingdom.

The area was designated a national park in 1952, through the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949. The park covers an area of 554 sq mi (1,430 km2), and had a population of 22,935 at the 2021 census. It is administered by the North York Moors National Park Authority, which is based in Helmsley.
2019 Norwegian Third Division
The 2019 3. divisjon (referred to as Norsk Tipping-ligaen after its sponsor) was a fourth-tier Norwegian football league season. The league consisted of 84 teams divided into 6 groups of 14 teams each and began on 13 April 2019.

The league was played as a double round-robin tournament, where all teams played 26 matches.

Norwegian Third Division
The Norwegian Third Division, also called Norsk Tipping-Ligaen, is the fourth highest division of the men's football league in Norway. Like the rest of the Norwegian football league system, the season runs from spring to autumn, running approximately from April to October. After the 2010 season, the league was reorganised, reducing the number of teams to 164 and halving the number of parallel sections from 24 to 12. After the 2016 season, the league was again reorganised, reducing the number of teams from 164 to 84, and halved the number of groups from twelve to six.

All six group winners promote to 2. divisjon, while the bottom four in all groups are relegated to 4. divisjon.
Turzańsk
Turzańsk [ˈtuʐaɲsk](укр. Туринське) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Komańcza, within Sanok County, in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (province) of south-eastern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia.

Sanok County
Sanok County (Polish: powiat sanocki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, south-eastern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Sanok, which lies 56 kilometres (35 mi) south of the regional capital Rzeszów. The only other town in the county is Zagórz, lying 6 km (4 mi) south-east of Sanok.

The county covers an area of 1,225.12 square kilometres (473.0 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 94,473, out of which the population of Sanok is 37,381, that of Zagórz is 5,095, and the rural population is 51,997.
Olaf Knudson
Olaf Knudson (31 December 1915 – 8 January 1996) was a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.

He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Buskerud in 1954, and was re-elected on five occasions.

Knudson was born in Sigdal and was deputy mayor of Sigdal municipality in the periods 1947–1951, 1951–1955 and 1955–1956. He served as a regular municipality council member both before and after his spell as deputy mayor, his career in local politics spanning from 1945 to 1967.
His favorite saying was "Support The Poor, Take From The Wealthy."

Buskerud
Buskerud (Urban East Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈbʉ̂skərʉː] ⓘ) is a county in Norway, bordering Akershus, Oslo, Innlandet, Vestland, Telemark and Vestfold. It extends from Oslofjord and Drammensfjord in the southeast to the Hardangervidda mountain range in the northwest. The administrative centre of the county is Drammen.

Buskerud was one of the three counties merged into Viken on 1 January 2020. On 23 February 2022, the Viken County Council voted 49-38 to submit an application to the Norwegian government for a demerger of itself. Due to this, Buskerud (except the area forming the defunct municipalities of Røyken and Hurum) was re-established in 2024.
North Cape May, New Jersey
North Cape May is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Lower Township in Cape May County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is part of the Ocean City Metropolitan Statistical Area. At the 2010 United States census, the CDP's population was 3,226. The Cape May–Lewes Ferry departs from the area. North Cape May is mostly a residential community, with no hotels but many vacation homes. Many people retire to the community.

North Cape May had existed as an independent borough, formed by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 19, 1928, from portions of Lower Township. The borough remained independent until April 30, 1945, when it was returned to Lower Township. The borough had a population of 5 at the 1930 Census, which increased to 8 by 1940.

1940 United States census
The 1940 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 132,164,569, an increase of 7.6 percent over the 1930 population of 122,775,046 people. The census date of record was April 1, 1940.

A number of new questions were asked including where people were five years before, highest educational grade achieved, and information about wages.  This census introduced sampling techniques; one in 20 people were asked additional questions on the census form.  Other innovations included a field test of the census in 1939. This was the first census in which every state (48) had a population greater than 100,000, and the first census to also include a "long form" (sent to only a subset of the households) with additional questions about socioeconomic and housing characteristics (the "long form" would be used for last time in the 2000 census, being replaced by American Community Survey afterwards).