hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stoma (medicine)
In anatomy, a stoma (pl.: stomata /ˈstoʊ.mə.tə/ or stomas) is any opening in the body. For example, a mouth, a nose, and an anus are natural stomata. Any hollow organ can be manipulated into an artificial stoma as necessary.  This includes the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, ileum, colon, pleural cavity, ureters, urinary bladder, and renal pelvis. Such a stoma may be permanent or temporary.

Surgical procedures that involve the creation of an artificial stoma have names that typically end with the suffix "-ostomy", and the same names are also often used to refer to the stoma thus created. For example, the word "colostomy" often refers either to an artificial anus or the procedure that creates one. Accordingly, it is not unusual for a stoma to be called an ostomy (plural ostomies), as is the norm in wound, ostomy, and continence nursing.

Mouth
A mouth, also referred to as the oral, is the body orifice through which many animals ingest food and vocalize. The body cavity immediately behind the mouth opening, known as the oral cavity (or cavum oris in Latin), is also the first part of the alimentary canal, which leads to the pharynx and the gullet. In tetrapod vertebrates, the mouth is bounded on the outside by the lips and cheeks — thus the oral cavity is also known as the buccal cavity (from Latin bucca, meaning "cheek") — and contains the tongue on the inside. Except for some groups like birds and lissamphibians, vertebrates usually have teeth in their mouths, although some fish species have pharyngeal teeth instead of oral teeth.

Most bilaterian phyla, including arthropods, molluscs and chordates, have a two-opening gut tube with a mouth at one end and an anus at the other. Which end forms first in ontogeny is a criterion used to classify bilaterian animals into protostomes and deuterostomes.
Uniformly connected space
In topology and related areas of mathematics a uniformly connected space or Cantor connected space is a uniform space U such that every uniformly continuous function from U to a discrete uniform space is constant.

A uniform space U is called uniformly disconnected if it is not uniformly connected.

Discrete space
In topology, a discrete space is a particularly simple example of a topological space or similar structure, one in which the points form a discontinuous sequence, meaning they are isolated from each other in a certain sense. The discrete topology is the finest topology that can be given on a set. Every subset is open in the discrete topology so that in particular, every singleton subset is an open set in the discrete topology.
Salix taxifolia
Salix taxifolia, the yewleaf or yew-leaf willow, is a species of willow native to all of southern Mexico, also Pacific Coast regions, north to Sinaloa, and in the south Pacific Coast of Mexico into central Guatemala. Scattered populations are also reported from northern Mexico and from the US states of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.

It is a large shrub or tree with narrow linear leaves similar to those of a yew. Its range is similar to that of the Bonpland willow, S. bonplandiana.

Sierra Madre Oriental
The Sierra Madre Oriental (Spanish: [ˈsjera ˈmaðɾe oɾjenˈtal] ⓘ) is a mountain range located in northeastern Mexico. The Sierra Madre Oriental is part of the American Cordillera, a chain of mountain ranges (cordillera) that consists of an almost continuous sequence of mountain ranges that form the western "backbone" of North America, Central America, South America, and Antarctica.
USS Bowen
USS Bowen (DE-1079/FF-1079) was a Knox-class frigate of the United States Navy. She was named for Vice Admiral Harold G. Bowen, Sr. (1883–1965), former chief of the Naval Research Laboratory and the Office of Naval Research, who was deceased at the time of her commissioning. Admiral Bowen's son and namesake, Harold G. Bowen, Jr., who also retired as a vice admiral, presided over the U.S. Navy's 1969 inquiry into the Pueblo incident.

Vice admiral (United States)
Vice admiral (abbreviated as VADM) is a three-star commissioned officer rank in the United States Navy, the United States Coast Guard, the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps, and the United States Maritime Service, with the pay grade of O-9. Vice admiral ranks above rear admiral and below admiral. Vice admiral is equivalent to the rank of lieutenant general in the other uniformed services.
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (pyrroloquinoline-quinone)
In enzymology, an aldehyde dehydrogenase (pyrroloquinoline-quinone) (EC 1.2.99.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

an aldehyde + acceptor + H2O  a carboxylate + reduced acceptor

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are aldehyde, acceptor, and H2O, whereas its two products are carboxylate and reduced acceptor.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with other acceptors.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is aldehyde:(pyrroloquinoline-quinone) oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called aldehyde dehydrogenase (acceptor).  This enzyme participates in 4 metabolic pathways: fatty acid metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, propanoate metabolism, and butanoate metabolism.  It employs one cofactor, PQQ.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Leissner
Leissner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Maria Leissner (born 1956), Swedish politician

Tanner Leissner (born 1995), American basketball player

Tim Leissner (born 1971), German-born investment banker and convicted felon

Tim Leissner
Tim Leissner (born November 2, 1969) is a German-born investment banker and convicted felon. As managing director at Goldman Sachs and chairman of the bank's Southeast Asia division Leissner helped orchestrate the 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal, one of the biggest financial scandals in history, in which billions of dollars were stolen. He was arrested in June 2018 in Washington, D.C., forced to pay a $43 million fine. As of 2020, he faced up to 25 years in prison, but due to his cooperation has avoided spending any time in jail. On 29 May 2025 Leissner was sentenced to two years in Federal prison.
Otto Armleder Memorial Park
Otto Armleder Memorial Park is a public park located in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. The park is located in the Linwood neighborhood of the city, and is managed by both the Great Parks of Hamilton County and Cincinnati Recreation Commission. It is named after Otto Armleder, a Cincinnati-born businessman in the horse carriage and automotive industries.

Otto Armleder Memorial Park is over 300 acres large, and features a dog park, a paved 1.1 mile trail with a connection to the Lunken Airfield loop, a playground, soccer fields, and canoe access to the Little Miami River.

The park is prone to flooding, and the trail connection to the Lunken Airfield loop closes when the Ohio River is at 38 feet, while the entire park closes when it is at 42 feet or above.

Little Miami River
The Little Miami River (Shawnee: Cakimiyamithiipi) is a Class I tributary of the Ohio River that flows 111 miles (179 km) through five counties in southwestern Ohio in the United States. The Little Miami joins the Ohio River east of Cincinnati. It forms parts of the borders between Hamilton and Clermont counties and between Hamilton and Warren counties. The Little Miami River is one of 156 American rivers designated by the U.S. Congress or the Secretary of the Interior as a National Wild and Scenic River and lends its name to the adjacent Little Miami Scenic Trail.
Pima boisduvaliella
Pima boisduvaliella is a species of snout moth. It is found in most of Europe (except Ireland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ukraine and most of the Balkan Peninsula), Asia, including Mongolia and Kazakhstan and northern North America, including Alberta.

The wingspan is 22–26 mm. Adults are on wing from June to August.

The larvae feed on Anthyllis, Lotus, (including Lotus corniculatus), Ononis, Astragalus and Lathyrus maritimus. They feed inside the pods of their host plants.

Lotus (genus)
Lotus, a latinization of Greek lōtos (λωτός), is a genus of flowering plants that includes most bird's-foot trefoils (also known as bacon-and-eggs) and deervetches. Depending on the taxonomic authority, roughly between 70 and 150 species are accepted, all legumes; American species formerly placed in the genus have been transferred to other genera. Lotus species are found in the Eastern Hemisphere and adapted to a wide range of habitats.

The aquatic plant commonly known as the Indian or sacred lotus is Nelumbo nucifera, a species not closely related to Lotus.
Jacobian variety
In mathematics, the Jacobian variety J(C) of a non-singular algebraic curve C of genus g is the moduli space of degree 0 line bundles. It is the connected component of the identity in the Picard group of C, hence an abelian variety.

Connected space
In topology and related branches of mathematics, a connected space is a topological space that cannot be represented as the union of two or more disjoint non-empty open subsets. Connectedness is one of the principal topological properties that distinguish topological spaces.

A subset of a topological space  is a connected set if it is a connected space when viewed as a subspace of .

Some related but stronger conditions are path connected, simply connected, and -connected. Another related notion is locally connected, which neither implies nor follows from connectedness.
Ravi Patel (cricketer)
Ravi Hasmukh Patel (born 4 August 1991) is an English cricketer.  Patel is a right-handed batsman who bowls slow left-arm orthodox.  He was born in Harrow, London and educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood.

Patel made his first-class debut for Middlesex against Oxford MCCU in 2010.  In that same season he also made his List A debut against the touring Australians.  In 2011, while studying for his degree in economics at Loughborough University, he played first-class cricket for Loughborough MCCU, making three appearances against Leicestershire and Kent.

His contract was not renewed by Middlesex following the 2018 season.

Loughborough MCC University
Loughborough MCC University (previously known as Loughborough University Centre of Cricketing Excellence) is a cricket coaching centre based at Loughborough University in Loughborough, Leicestershire, England, and the name under which the university's cricket team plays.

The former Loughborough University Centre of Cricketing Excellence played 27 first-class matches from 2001 to 2009. As Loughborough Marylebone Cricket Club University, the team has played fourteen first-class matches from 2010 to 2015.
The P.C. Blues
The P.C. Blues is an album by pianist Red Garland featuring tracks recorded in 1957 at the sessions that produced Red Garland's Piano and Groovy (with one track from Miles Davis' 1956 album Workin' with The Miles Davis Quintet added) which were first released on the Prestige label until 1970.

Red Garland
William McKinley "Red" Garland Jr. (May 13, 1923 – April 23, 1984) was an American modern jazz pianist. Known for his work as a bandleader and during the 1950s with Miles Davis, Garland helped popularize the block chord style of playing in jazz piano.
Namskaket
Namskaket (also Naamskeket, Naemschatet, Namskeket, Naumskachett) was a Nauset village on or near Namskaket Creek in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, near the modern border between Brewster and Orleans.

Native Americans sold the site to English colonists in 1644.

It is now a village in Orleans.

Barnstable County, Massachusetts
Barnstable County is a county in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. At the 2020 census, the population was 228,996. The county seat is Barnstable. The county consists of Cape Cod and associated islands (some adjacent islands are in Dukes County and Nantucket County). Barnstable County was formed within the Plymouth Colony on June 2, 1685, including the towns of Falmouth, Sandwich, and others to the east and north on Cape Cod. Plymouth Colony was merged into the Province of Massachusetts Bay in 1691.
Canada's Worst Handyman season 1
Canada's Worst Handyman 1 was the first-ever season of the Canadian reality TV show Canada's Worst Handyman, which aired on the Discovery Channel, based on the UK Channel 4 Television Corporation's Britain's Worst Driver. The show is considered to be a sister show of Canada's Worst Driver (itself an adaptation of Britain's Worst Driver), as Canada's Worst Handyman shares much of its production crew with Canada's Worst Driver. As with subsequent years, five people, nominated by their family or friends, enter the Handyman Rehabilitation Centre to improve their handyman skills, in an effort to not be named Canada's Worst Handyman. This year, the Handyman Rehabilitation Centre is located in a public housing complex building in the Regent Park neighborhood of Toronto that has since been demolished to make way for a FreshCo supermarket and new apartments.

Canada's Worst Driver
Canada's Worst Driver is a Canadian television series that aired on Discovery Channel from 2005 to 2018, based on Britain's Worst Driver. It and sister series Canada's Worst Handyman (2006–2011) are the two highest-rated programs on Discovery Channel. The series was produced by Proper Television whose president, Guy O'Sullivan, was the director for the original Britain's Worst Driver series; as such, Canada's Worst Driver is considered to be the production company's flagship show. Unlike other Worst Driver series around the world, the Canadian version emphasizes the learning process of the contestants and the science of driving and, as such, is often more serious than the other Worst Driver shows, which are mainly played for laughs. It is the 2nd longest running of any Worst Driver series to date with 14 seasons and 115 episodes (assuming specials are included).

The series was hosted by Andrew Younghusband for all 14 seasons.
James H. White House
James H. White House, also known as Marshall House, is a historic home located at Marshall, Madison County, North Carolina.  It was designed by noted Asheville architect Richard Sharp Smith and built in 1903. It is a two-story-and-attic frame dwelling sheathed in a thick stucco known as "pebbledash."  The front facade features a one-story recessed wraparound porch with an attached conical-roofed gazebo.  The house was remodeled between 1925 and 1930.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Roughcast
Roughcast and pebbledash are durable coarse plaster surfaces used on outside walls. They consist of lime and sometimes cement mixed with sand, small gravel and often pebbles or shells. The materials are mixed into a slurry and are then thrown at the working surface with a trowel or scoop. The idea is to maintain an even spread, free from lumps, ridges or runs and without missing any background. Roughcasting incorporates the stones in the mix, whereas pebbledashing adds them on top.
2018 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes
The 2018 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes was a horse race held at Ascot Racecourse on Saturday 28 July 2018. It was the 68th running of the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes.

The winner was Poet's Word, a five-year-old bay horse trained at Newmarket by Michael Stoute, ridden by James Doyle and owned by Saeed Suhail. Poet's Word's victory was the first in the race for both his owner and jockey. Stoute was winning the race for a record sixth time following his successes with Shergar (1981), Opera House (1993), Golan (2002), Conduit (2009) and Harbinger (2010). Poet's Word was the sixth five-year-old male to win the race following Aggressor, Mtoto, Opera House, Swain and Daylami.

Mtoto
Mtoto (1 April 1983 – 24 May 2011) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse. In a career which lasted from 1985 until 1988, he ran ten times and won seven races. He showed some promise as three-year-old in 1986, but emerged as a top-class horse in 1987 when he defeated The Derby winner Reference Point in the Eclipse Stakes at Sandown. In 1988, he was the dominant middle-distance horse in Britain, winning a second Eclipse Stakes and taking the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes.
Mildred Mpaka
Hlonitshwa Mildred Mpaka (born 20 December 1966) is a South African politician who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly from 1999 to 2005. She resigned from her seat during the Travelgate scandal, in which she was convicted of having defrauded Parliament.

Parliament of South Africa
The Parliament of the Republic of South Africa is South Africa's legislature. It is located in Cape Town; the country's legislative capital.

Under the present Constitution of South Africa, the bicameral Parliament comprises a National Assembly and a National Council of Provinces. The current twenty-eighth Parliament was first convened on 14 June 2024.

From 1910 to 1994, members of Parliament were elected chiefly by the South African white minority.  The first elections with universal suffrage were held in 1994.

Both chambers held their meetings in the Houses of Parliament, Cape Town that were built 1875–1884. A fire broke out within the buildings in early January 2022, destroying the session room of the National Assembly. It was decided that, during construction work at Parliament, the National Assembly would temporarily meet at the Good Hope Chamber.
Mahuda Junction railway station
Mahuda Junction railway station is a railway station near NH 18 previously NH32, Mahuda Bazaar in Dhanbad district, Jharkhand state. It is operated by South Eastern Railway Adra division. Its code is MHQ. It is one of cleanest stations of Dhanbad despite its use for coal transportation. It is nearest to the Katras Baghmara and Dhanbad as it became the other substitute station for Dhanbad Junction. Ii is just 19 km from the area main junction. It is nearest to Bokaro Steel City. It is a good location both for Bokaro and Dhanbad. The important train is Nandan Kanan Express (ndls-puri). It is mainly in function for Washeries i.e. Mahuda, Moonidih .
The direct trains for major city like Ranchi, Rourkela, Nagpur, Kharagpur, Howrah, New Delhi, Kanpur, Fatehpur, Allahabad, Puri, Bhubaneswar, Cuttack, Surat, Bokaro, Adra, Gaya, Mughalsarai, Asansol, Malda

Dhanbad district
Dhanbad district is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state, India, and Dhanbad is the administrative headquarters of this district. As of 2011, it is the second most populous district of Jharkhand (out of 24), after Ranchi. It also has the lowest sex ratio in Jharkhand, at 908.

Dhanbad is also known as the coal capital of India, due to extensive coal mining industry that dominates the district.
Equus livenzovensis
Equus livenzovensis is an extinct species of large stenonid horse that lived in Italy around 2.6 million years ago during the early Pleistocene epoch. It was a large species of Equus being larger than E. stenonis and E. stehlini. It is sometimes considered a subspecies of E. stenonis or even an ancestor to it. Either way theses two species are closely related.

This species has limited remains and is only represented by a skull and a few dental remains.

Early Pleistocene
The Early Pleistocene is an unofficial sub-epoch in the international geologic timescale in chronostratigraphy, representing the earliest division of the Pleistocene Epoch within the ongoing Quaternary Period. It is currently estimated to span the time between 2.580 ± 0.005 Ma (million years ago) and 0.773 ± 0.005 Ma. The term Early Pleistocene applies to both the Gelasian Age and the Calabrian Age.

While the Gelasian and the Calabrian have officially been defined by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) to effectively constitute the Early Pleistocene, the succeeding Chibanian and Tarantian ages have yet to be ratified. These proposed ages are unofficially termed the Middle Pleistocene and Late Pleistocene respectively. The Chibanian provisionally spans time from 773 ka to 126 ka, and the Tarantian from then until the definitive end of the whole Pleistocene, c. 9700 BC in the 10th millennium BC.
Ivan Bátory
Ivan Bátory (born 3 May 1975) is a Slovak cross-country skier who has competed at the international senior level of cross-country skiing since 1993. He was born in Liptovský Mikuláš and lives in Uhorská Ves. As a cross-country skier, he competed for Štrbské Pleso SC.

Bátory competed in all eight World Ski Championships from 1995 to 2009 (best finish: sixth in 15 km at Val di Fiemme in 2003), all five Winter Olympics from 1994 to 2010 (best result: eighth in team sprint at Turin in 2006), and all three Tour de Ski events from 2006-07 to 2008-09.

Bátory's best World Cup results are three third places from Kiruna (1999, 10 km classical), Davos (2001, 15 km classical), and Beitostølen (2005, 15 km classical). His best World Championships result is sixth place in the 15 km classical event in Val di Fiemme in 2003, and his best Olympic result is eighth place in the team sprint in Turin in 2006.

In 2011, Bátory retired from cross-country skiing.

2006–07 Tour de Ski
The 2006–07 Tour de Ski was the first Tour to take place, from 31 December 2006 until 7 January 2007. It was won by German Tobias Angerer for men, while Finn Virpi Kuitunen won the women's Tour.

The first edition of the tour was held in Germany and Italy, with six races spread out over eight days, including two separate days of rest. The prize money for the event amounted to 750,000 Swiss francs, shared out on both men and women. Men's and women's events were held together on the same days.
Richard J. Brenneke
Richard John Brenneke (December 5, 1941 – July 23, 2015) was an American businessman who testified in 1988 that he had worked in Southeast Asia with the Central Intelligence Agency's Air America, among other roles.

The CIA publicly disavowed Brenneke's claimed affiliation with the Agency. Brenneke testified to the United States Senate's Kerry Committee on allegations of CIA drug trafficking, and his evidence was considered by the House October Surprise Task Force on the 1980 October Surprise affair. The Kerry Committee report indicated Brenneke did not have the CIA connections he claimed to possess. The Task Force's report stated that Brenneke "played a central role in falsely propagating the October Surprise allegations for financial and person reasons".

Frank Snepp
Frank Warren Snepp, III (born May 3, 1943) is an American journalist and former chief analyst of North Vietnamese strategy for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in Saigon during the Vietnam War. For five out of his eight years as a CIA officer, he worked as interrogator, agent debriefer, and chief strategy analyst in the United States Embassy, Saigon; he was awarded the Intelligence Medal of Merit for his work. Snepp is a former producer for KNBC-TV in Los Angeles, California. He was one of the first whistle blowers who revealed the inner workings, secrets and failures of the national security services in the 1970s. As a result of a loss in a 1980 court case brought by the CIA, all of Snepp's publications require prior approval by the CIA.