hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Akmal al-Din al-Babarti
Akmal al-Din al-Babarti (Arabic: أكمل الدين البابرتي), was a Hanafi scholar, jurist, scholastic Maturidi theologian, mufassir (Quranic exegete), muhaddith (Hadith scholar), grammarian (nahawi), an eloquent orator, and prolific author with more than 40 works to his name.

He was praised by several famous scholars, including Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani, Al-Suyuti, Al-Maqrizi, Ibn Qutlubugha, Ibn Taghribirdi, Ibn al-Hinna'i, Muhammad ibn Iyas, Ibn al-'Imad al-Hanbali, and Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi, and the Sultan Barquq was honoring him.

Ibn Taghribirdi
Jamal al-Din Yusuf bin al-Amir Sayf al-Din Taghribirdi (Arabic: جمال الدين يوسف بن الأمير سيف الدين تغري بردي), or Abū al-Maḥāsin Yūsuf ibn Taghrī-Birdī, or Ibn Taghribirdi (2 February 1411— 5 June 1470; 813–874 Hijri) was an Islamic historian born in the 15th century in Mamluk Egypt. He studied under al-Ayni and al-Maqrizi, two of the leading Cairene historians and scholars of the day.

Ibn Taghribirdi's most famous work is a multi-volume chronicle of Egypt and the Mamluk sultanate called al-Nujum al-zahira fi muluk Misr wa'l-Qahira.  His style is annalistic and gives precise dates for most events;  this format makes it clear that Ibn Taghribirdi had privileged access to the sultans and their records. The name "Taghribirdi" is cognate to modern Turkish "Tanrıverdi" and means god-given in Turkic languages.
Tsurugi, Tokushima
Tsurugi (つるぎ町, Tsurugi-chō) is a town in Mima District, Tokushima Prefecture, on the island of Shikoku in Japan.

The town was formed on March 1, 2005 as a result of the merger of the towns of Handa and Sadamitsu, and the village of Ichiu, all from Mima District.

The area is 194.84 km² and the registered population, as of June 1, 2019, was 7,877 by a population density of 40.4 per km².

Mount Tsurugi (Tokushima)
Mount Tsurugi (剣山, Tsurugi-san), meaning sword, is a 1,954.7-metre-high (6,413.1 ft) mountain on the border of Miyoshi, Mima and Naka in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. This mountain is one of the 100 Famous Japanese Mountains.
Jerry Unser Jr.
Jeremy Michael Unser Jr. (November 15, 1932 – May 17, 1959) was an American racecar driver. He was the 1957 USAC Stock Car champion.

Jerry was the first of the Unser family to compete at Indianapolis. In his only start, in 1958, he was caught up in a 13-car pileup on the first lap and flew over the turn three wall, emerging unhurt. He died in a practice crash before the 1959 Indianapolis 500, leaving behind a widow, Jeanne Unser, and two sons, Jerry and Johnny Unser.

Unser's brothers Al and Bobby and his nephew Al Jr. have won the "500". His son Johnny and nephew Robby have also competed in the race.

United States Auto Club
The United States Auto Club (USAC) is one of the sanctioning bodies of auto racing in the United States. From 1956 to 1979, USAC sanctioned the United States National Championship, and from 1956 to 1997 the organization sanctioned the Indianapolis 500. USAC serves as the sanctioning body for a number of racing series, including the Silver Crown Series, National Sprint Cars, National Midgets, Speed2 Midget Series, .25 Midget Series, Stadium Super Trucks, and GT World Challenge America. Seven-time USAC champion Levi Jones is USAC's Competition Director.
W. & L. E. Gurley Building
The W. & L. E. Gurley Building is a historic industrial building in Troy, New York, United States. Built in 1862, it is a classical revival structure that housed the W. & L. E. Gurley Company, a maker of precision measuring instruments.  The Gurley Company was one of the first companies in the nation to make precision instruments.  The building was designated a National Historic Landmark in recognition of this in 1983.

Foundry
A foundry is a factory that produces metal castings. Metals are cast into shapes by melting them into a liquid, pouring the metal into a mold, and removing the mold material after the metal has solidified as it cools. The most common metals processed are aluminium and cast iron. However, other metals, such as bronze, brass, steel, magnesium, and zinc, are also used to produce castings in foundries. In this process, parts of desired shapes and sizes can be formed.

Foundries are one of the largest contributors to the manufacturing recycling movement, melting and recasting millions of tons of scrap metal every year to create new durable goods. Moreover, many foundries use sand in their molding process. These foundries often use, recondition, and reuse sand, which is another form of recycling.
Gyangkar
Gyangkar or Jiangga (Chinese: 江嘎镇) is a town in Dinggyê County, in the Shigatse prefecture-level city of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. At the time of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 4,428.As of 2013, it had 6 communities under its administration.

Dinggyê County
Dinggyê County (Tibetan: གཏིང་སྐྱེས་རྫོང་།, Chinese: 定结县) is a county of the Shigatse city in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China, bordering Nepal's Sankhuwasabha and Taplejung Districts to the south and India's Sikkim state to the southeast. Jin Co and Duolo Co are located in this county.

It is one of the four counties that comprise the Qomolangma National Nature Preserve (Dinggyê, Tingri, Nyalam, and Kyirong).
Moscow City Duma District 21
Moscow City Duma District 21 is one of 45 constituencies in Moscow City Duma. Currently, the district covers most of Maryino in South-Eastern Moscow.

The district has been represented since 2024 by Senator Inna Svyatenko, a United Russia six-term member, who was redistricted from District 22.

Moscow City Duma
55°45′52″N 37°37′02″E﻿ / ﻿55.764503°N 37.61722°E﻿ / 55.764503; 37.61722

The Moscow City Duma (Russian: Московская городская дума, romanized: Moskovskaya gorodskaya duma, commonly abbreviated to Мосгордума, Mosgorduma) is the regional parliament (city duma) of Moscow, a federal subject and the capital city of Russia. As Moscow is one of three federal cities, the city duma's legislation can only be overridden by the mayor and the federal government.
Tally Stevens
Floyd Clair "Tally" Stevens (October 30, 1923 – August 9, 1995) was an American football player and coach.  He served as the head football coach at Brigham Young University (BYU) from 1959 to 1960, compiling a record of 6–15.  Steven played college football at the University of Utah as an end.  He died on August 9, 1995.

Stevens interrupted his college football career to serve in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. He was an assistant coach with BYU for three years before he became head coach for two.

End (gridiron football)
In gridiron football, an end is a player who lines up at either end of the line of scrimmage, usually beside the tackles.  Rules state that a legal offensive formation must always consist of seven players on the line of scrimmage and that the player on each end of the line is an eligible receiver who can catch forward passes.  There are two types on offense: the split end, or wide out, and the tight end. On defense, the position name survives in the name of the defensive end; in function, this position no longer corresponds to its offensive counterparts, which are defended more commonly by the edge rusher (which is sometimes a defensive end depending on formation) against the tight end and the cornerback against the split end.

It is also used in terminology such as an end run.
Arthur A. Small
Arthur Adams Small, Jr. (October 14, 1933 – October 3, 2015) was an American lawyer and politician in the state of Iowa. He served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1971 to 1979, and in the Iowa State Senate from 1979 to 1987, as a Democrat.

Iowa House of Representatives
41°35′28″N 93°36′14″W﻿ / ﻿41.591°N 93.604°W﻿ / 41.591; -93.604

The Iowa House of Representatives is the lower house of the Iowa General Assembly, the upper house being the Iowa Senate. There are 100 seats in the Iowa House of Representatives, representing 100 single-member districts across the state, formed by dividing the 50 Senate districts in half. Each district has a population of approximately 30,464 as of the 2010 United States census. The House of Representatives meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines.

Unlike the upper house, the Iowa Senate, state House representatives serve two-year terms with the whole chamber up for re-election in even-numbered years. There are no term limits for the House.
Trumpchi GE3
The Trumpchi GE3 is a front-motor, five-door all-electric subcompact crossover SUV manufactured by GAC Group from 2017 to 2020. It is based on the internal combustion engine-powered first generation-Trumpchi GS3.

Subcompact crossover SUV
Subcompact crossover SUV is an automobile segment used to describe the smallest segment of crossover SUV, a type of sport utility vehicle, below the compact crossover SUV. Subcompact crossover SUVs are usually based on a platform of a subcompact (also known as supermini or B-segment) passenger car, although some high-end subcompact crossover models are based on a compact car (C-segment). The segment started to gain traction during early to mid-2010s when the number of models and sales figures rapidly increased in major markets such as North America and Europe. In 2019, around 22 percent of SUV global sales were contributed by subcompact crossovers.

The segment is particularly popular in Europe, India, and Brazil where they account for 37 percent, 75 percent, and 69 percent of total SUV sales in 2018 respectively. In 2019, the best selling subcompact crossover was the Honda HR-V, recording 622,154 units being sold worldwide.
Consenting Adult (film)
Consenting Adult is a 1985 American drama television film directed by Gilbert Cates, from a teleplay by John McGreevey, based on the 1975 novel of the same name by Laura Z. Hobson. The film stars Marlo Thomas, Martin Sheen, and Barry Tubb and follows a teenage boy revealing to his parents that he is gay.

Gilbert Cates
Gilbert Cates (né Katz; June 6, 1934 – October 31, 2011) was an American film director and television producer, director of the Geffen Playhouse, a member of Cates/Doty Productions, and founding dean of the UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television. Cates is most known for having produced the Academy Awards telecast a record 14 times between 1990 and 2008.
Workplace exposure monitoring
Workplace exposure monitoring is the monitoring of substances in a workplace that are chemical or biological hazards.  It is performed in the context of workplace exposure assessment and risk assessment.  Exposure monitoring analyzes hazardous substances in the air or on surfaces of a workplace, and is complementary to biomonitoring, which instead analyzes toxicants or their effects within workers.

A wide array of methods and instrumentation are used in workplace exposure monitoring.  Direct-read instruments give immediate data, and include colorimetric indicators such as gas detector tubes, and electronic devices such as gas monitors and aerosol particle counters.  In addition, samples may be collected and sent to a laboratory for slower but often more thorough analysis.

Impingement filter
An impingement filter can be used to purify a polluted solution, be it gas or liquid.

The impingement filter acts by inducing the solution to change direction and the particles to adhere to the filter medium. In many cases this filter medium is designed to contain apertures of specific size which will absorb the impurities in the solution. The gas or liquid, less impurities, is permitted free passage through the medium.

Common examples of impingement filters are air filters, fuel filters and oil filters used in cars, trucks etc.
Gąsierzyno
Gąsierzyno [ɡɔ̃ɕɛˈʐɨnɔ] (formerly German: Ganserin) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stepnica, within Goleniów County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north-west of Stepnica, 22 km (14 mi) north-west of Goleniów, and 29 km (18 mi) north of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 190.

Goleniów
Goleniów [ɡɔˈlɛɲuf] (Kashubian: Gòłonóg; German: Gollnow) is a town in Pomerania, northwestern Poland, with 21,876 inhabitants as of 2021. It is the capital of Goleniów County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship. It is situated in the centre of Goleniowska Forest on Goleniów Plain, near main roads numbers 3 and 6.

The international airport Szczecin-Goleniów "Solidarność" Airport is located just east of the town.
Cominia gens
The gens Cominia was a minor plebeian family at ancient Rome, which appears in history from the Republic to imperial times. The first of this gens to hold the consulship was Postumus Cominius Auruncus in 501 BC, and from this some scholars have inferred that the Cominii were originally patrician; but all of the later Cominii known to history were plebeians.

Latium
Latium (/ˈleɪʃiəm/ LAY-shee-əm, US also /-ʃəm/ -⁠shəm; Latin: [ˈɫati.ũː]) is the region of central western Italy in which the city of Rome was founded and grew to be the capital city of the Roman Empire.
Valérie Grumelin-Halimi
Valérie Grace (born 1961 in Lille) is a French therapist and writer living and practicing in Paris. She writes on subjects of psychology, although she does not have a diploma to practice as a psychologist. Her works are intended for the general public. In July 2021, she was accused of practicing controversial conversion therapy in Paris.

Therapy
A therapy or medical treatment is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a medical diagnosis. Both words, treatment and therapy, are often abbreviated tx, Tx, or Tx.

As a rule, each therapy has indications and contraindications.  There are many different types of therapy.  Not all therapies are effective.  Many therapies can produce unwanted adverse effects.

Treatment and therapy are often synonymous, especially in the usage of health professionals. However,  in the context of mental health, the term therapy may refer specifically to psychotherapy.

A therapist is a person who offers any modality of therapy. Therapist refers to trained professionals engaged in providing services any kind of treatment or rehabilitation.
Barcs
Barcs (Hungarian pronunciation: [bɒrt͡ʃ] ⓘ; Croatian: Barč; German: Bartsch or Draustadt) is a border town in Somogy County, Hungary, and the seat of Barcs District. The Drava River marks the southern boundary of the settlement.

Reformed Church in Hungary
The Reformed Church in Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarországi Református Egyház, MRE, pronounced [ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːgi ˈrɛformaːtuʃ ˈɛɟhaːz]) is the largest Protestant church in Hungary, with parishes also among the Hungarian diaspora abroad. It is made up of 1,249 congregations in 27 presbyteries and four church districts and has a membership of over 1.6 million, making it the second largest Christian church in Hungary after the Catholic Church. As a Continental Reformed church, its doctrines and practices reflect a Calvinist theology, for which the Hungarian term is református (pronounced [ˈrɛformaːtuʃ]).

The Hungarian Reformed Church became the symbol of national Hungarian culture, since it led to the translation of the Bible into the Hungarian language by Hussite pastors, and contributed to the education of the population through its school system.
BP Refinery (Westernport) Pty Ltd v Shire of Hastings
BP Refinery (Westernport) Pty Ltd v Shire of Hastings is a leading judgment of the Privy Council which summarised the test for whether a term should implied 'in fact' into a contract, to give effect to the intentions of the contracting parties. While the formulation of the test is not without criticism, it is usually accepted as setting out the tests for the implication of a term into a contract.

Judgment (law)
In law, a judgment is a decision of a court regarding the rights and liabilities of parties in a legal action or proceeding. Judgments also generally provide the court's explanation of why it has chosen to make a particular court order.

Speakers of British English tend to use the term at the appellate level as synonymous with judicial opinion. American English speakers prefer to maintain a clear distinction between the opinion of an appellate court (setting forth reasons for the disposition of an appeal) and the judgment of an appellate court (the pronouncement of the disposition itself).

In Canadian English, the phrase "reasons for judgment" is often used interchangeably with "judgment," although the former refers to the court's justification of its judgment while the latter refers to the final court order regarding the rights and liabilities of the parties.
Gustavus Waltz
Gustavus Waltz (fl. 1732–1759) was a German bass opera singer. Basing himself in England from 1732, he collaborated with Handel from 1733 when he appeared in La Semiramide riconosciuta, an opera pasticcio.
Like Handel, Waltz took British nationality.

Waltz created roles in the oratorio Athalia (1733); and in the operas Arianna in Creta (1734), Ariodante (1735), Alcina (1735), and Atalanta (1736). As well as being a soloist, he sang in the chorus (for the last time in a 1754 performance of Messiah at the Foundling Hospital). He also taught singing: his students included Isabella Young.

Semiramide riconosciuta
Semiramide riconosciuta (Semiramis recognized or revealed) is an opera libretto by Pietro Metastasio (1698–1782), written in 1729. It is for opera seria, and accordingly consists of recitatives and da capo arias. It tells a story of the legendary Semiramis, wife of the Biblical Nimrod.
Floriana Tuna
Floriana Tuna is a Romanian and British chemist and a professor in the Department of Chemistry at The University of Manchester. Her research in general is based on inorganic chemistry, magnetochemistry, and EPR spectroscopy, and their applications to environmental, energy and quantum computing science.

Romanian Academy
The Romanian Academy (Romanian: Academia Română [akadeˈmi.a roˈmɨnə]) is a cultural forum founded in Bucharest, Romania, in 1866. It covers the scientific, artistic and literary domains. The academy has 181 active members who are elected for life.

According to its bylaws, the academy's main goals are the cultivation of Romanian language and Romanian literature, the study of the national history of Romania and research into major scientific domains. Some of the academy's fundamental projects are the Romanian language dictionary (Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române), the dictionary of Romanian literature, and the treatise on the history of the Romanian people.
Paul Grimball House Ruins
Paul Grimball House Ruins is a historic archaeological site located at Edisto Island, Charleston County, South Carolina.  The stuccoed tabby house was built about 1682. In August 1686, the house was occupied, sacked, and possibly burned by the Spanish on a raid up the North Edisto River. The remains consist of a 12-foot (3.7 m) high corner portion of a stucco covered tabby wall.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

Charleston County, South Carolina
Charleston County is located in the U.S. state of South Carolina along the Atlantic coast. As of the 2020 census, the population was 408,235, making it the third-most populous county in South Carolina (behind Greenville and Richland counties). Its county seat is Charleston. It is also the largest county in the state by total area, although Horry County has a larger land area. The county was created in 1800 by an act of the South Carolina State Legislature. Charleston County is included in the Charleston-North Charleston, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is in the Lowcountry region of South Carolina.
Raymond Bonin
Raymond C. "Ray" Bonin (born November 20, 1942) is a former Canadian politician. He was a Liberal member of the House of Commons of Canada, representing the riding of Nickel Belt, from 1993 to 2008. Prior to entering politics, he was a teacher at Sudbury's Cambrian College. He was also chairman of the French Catholic school board from 1976 to 1985, and was a city councillor from 1988 to 1991.

On November 16, 2006, Bonin announced that he would not run for reelection in the 2008 federal election. Former Greater Sudbury city councillor Louise Portelance won the nomination to stand as the new Liberal candidate for Nickel Belt, but was defeated by Claude Gravelle of the New Democratic Party on election day.

Greater Sudbury City Council
Greater Sudbury City Council (French: Conseil municipal du Grand Sudbury) is the governing body of the City of Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.

The council consists of the mayor plus a twelve-person council. The city is divided into twelve wards; each ward is represented by one councillor. The council meets at Tom Davies Square.

The city was created by amalgamating the former City of Sudbury with six suburban municipalities on January 1, 2001. Initially, the council structure consisted of six wards, each represented by two councillors. Ward boundaries in the new city were drawn by grouping former suburban municipalities with adjacent neighbourhoods in the former city. For the 2006 municipal election, council was reorganized into twelve single-member wards.

Past mayors of the city and the former suburban municipalities are listed at List of mayors of Sudbury, Ontario.
Swimming at the 2011 Pan American Games – Men's 200 metre backstroke
The men's 200 metre backstroke competition of the swimming events at the 2011 Pan American Games took place on 21 October at the Scotiabank Aquatics Center.  The defending Pan American Games champion was Thiago Pereira of Brazil.

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all in backstroke.

Swimming at the 2007 Pan American Games – Men's 200 metre freestyle
The Men's 200m Freestyle at the 2007 Pan American Games occurred at the Maria Lenk Aquatic Park in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with the final being swum on July 20.

At this race, Shaune Fraser won the first medal of his country in swimming at Pan American Games at all times.
Punta Huete Airport
Punta Huete Airport (ICAO: MNFC) is an airport located in the municipality of San Francisco Libre in Managua, Nicaragua. The airport is in a sparsely populated section of the municipality. The nearest town is San Benito, 14 kilometres (9 mi) to the east.

In 2010, a new VOR was installed on the field. The Managua VOR-DME (Ident: MGA) is located 12.7 nautical miles (24 km) south of the airport.

Managua
Managua (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈnaɣwa]) is the capital and largest city of Nicaragua, and one of the largest cities in Central America. Located on the shores of Lake Managua, the city had an estimated population of 1,055,247 as of 2020, and a population of 1,401,687 in its metropolitan area. The city also serves as the seat of Managua Department.

Founded in 1819, Managua became the national capital in 1852. The city underwent a rapid expansion and urbanization between 1842 and 1930, leading it to become one of the most developed cities in Central America. Several earthquakes have affected the city's growth, especially the 1931 earthquake and the 1972 earthquake, but the city has been rebuilt several times. Today, the city is a major economic hub for both the country and Central America.
1999 Sydney International – Women's singles
The 1999 Sydney International women's singles, was the singles event of the fourteenth edition of the adidas International, a WTA Tier II tournament and the second most prestigious women's tennis tournament held in Australia. Arantxa Sánchez Vicario was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Barbara Schett.

Lindsay Davenport won in the final 6–4, 6–3 against Martina Hingis.

Barbara Schett
Barbara Schett Eagle (German pronunciation: [ˈbaʁbaʁa ˈʃɛt]; born 10 March 1976) is an Austrian former professional tennis player, who reached her highest singles ranking of world No. 7 in September 1999. Between 1993 and 2004 she played in 48 matches for the Austria Fed Cup team, winning 30. She also represented Austria at the 2000 Sydney Olympics in singles and doubles, reaching the quarterfinals of the singles event. She retired after the 2005 Australian Open and now works for Eurosport as a commentator and presenter.